diff --git "a/data/en104/text/00000042.txt" "b/data/en104/text/00000042.txt"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/data/en104/text/00000042.txt"
@@ -0,0 +1,14910 @@
+5moaoJbkpek-00000-00000093-00001088 [Music]
+5moaoJbkpek-00001-00001089-00001648 [Applause]
+5moaoJbkpek-00002-00001650-00002258 welcome let's continue the discussion of
+5moaoJbkpek-00003-00002259-00002580 the effects of the RF pulses how does
+5moaoJbkpek-00004-00002581-00002889 the density operator transform in the
+5moaoJbkpek-00005-00002890-00003123 presence of RF because we need to know
+5moaoJbkpek-00006-00003124-00003369 all of such things how does the density
+5moaoJbkpek-00007-00003370-00003567 operator transform under the incidence
+5moaoJbkpek-00008-00003568-00003819 of different kinds of hamiltonians so
+5moaoJbkpek-00009-00003820-00004029 the RF constitutes also an Hamiltonian
+5moaoJbkpek-00010-00004029-00004331 and we actually saw last time how to
+5moaoJbkpek-00011-00004332-00004533 calculate the evolution of the density
+5moaoJbkpek-00012-00004534-00004901 operator and in the presence of the RF
+5moaoJbkpek-00013-00004902-00005358 so we had this solution here we started
+5moaoJbkpek-00014-00005359-00005550 off with the level equation and we
+5moaoJbkpek-00015-00005551-00005775 represented the solution like this Rho
+5moaoJbkpek-00016-00005776-00006002 of T is equal to e to the minus R by H
+5moaoJbkpek-00017-00006003-00006297 cross H naught T Rho star T e to the I
+5moaoJbkpek-00018-00006298-00006588 by H cross H naught T H naught was the
+5moaoJbkpek-00019-00006589-00006906 main Hamiltonian and H 1 there was a the
+5moaoJbkpek-00020-00006906-00007122 RF Hamiltonian was represented by H 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00021-00007123-00007326 and this represented the interaction
+5moaoJbkpek-00022-00007327-00007563 representation and we also show after
+5moaoJbkpek-00023-00007564-00007781 detailed calculation that under the
+5moaoJbkpek-00024-00007783-00008006 resonance condition we have the Rho of T
+5moaoJbkpek-00025-00008008-00008259 is equal to the e to the minus I by H
+5moaoJbkpek-00026-00008260-00008628 cross H 1 T this Hamiltonian T Rho of 0
+5moaoJbkpek-00027-00008629-00009027 e to the I by H cross H 1 T and this H 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00028-00009028-00009476 represents the Hamiltonian of the RF and
+5moaoJbkpek-00029-00009477-00009834 we also demonstrated that e to the minus
+5moaoJbkpek-00030-00009835-00010077 I by H cross H 1 T essentially
+5moaoJbkpek-00031-00010078-00010239 represents the kind of a rotation
+5moaoJbkpek-00032-00010240-00010518 operator e to the minus I beta I Q will
+5moaoJbkpek-00033-00010519-00010764 explicitly demonstrate that further how
+5moaoJbkpek-00034-00010765-00011004 this will represent the rotation okay
+5moaoJbkpek-00035-00011005-00011283 and therefore having said this we will
+5moaoJbkpek-00036-00011284-00011514 say Rho of T is equal to e to the minus
+5moaoJbkpek-00037-00011515-00012021 I beta IQ Rho of 0 e to the I beta IQ
+5moaoJbkpek-00038-00012022-00012423 notice here Q can be X Y or Z generally
+5moaoJbkpek-00039-00012424-00012636 Zed is only for rotation around the z
+5moaoJbkpek-00040-00012637-00012827 axis therefore it is not kind of an
+5moaoJbkpek-00041-00012828-00012976 effect of the RF pulse
+5moaoJbkpek-00042-00012977-00013240 general rotation along the z-axis can be
+5moaoJbkpek-00043-00013241-00013465 represented in the same manner if the
+5moaoJbkpek-00044-00013466-00013616 rotation is about a particular angle
+5moaoJbkpek-00045-00013618-00014059 beta and we define now this as the
+5moaoJbkpek-00046-00014060-00014416 rotation operator call it as RQ beta is
+5moaoJbkpek-00047-00014416-00014752 equal to e to the minus I beta I Q and Q
+5moaoJbkpek-00048-00014753-00015058 can be XY or Z so therefore my row is
+5moaoJbkpek-00049-00015059-00015550 now our Q beta Rho of 0 RQ minus 1 beta
+5moaoJbkpek-00050-00015551-00015897 okay and that is the same equation here
+5moaoJbkpek-00051-00015899-00016165 we now calculate explicitly the effect
+5moaoJbkpek-00052-00016166-00016500 of the pulse on the density operator so
+5moaoJbkpek-00053-00016501-00016792 to begin with let us take the
+5moaoJbkpek-00054-00016793-00017140 equilibrium density operator I said okay
+5moaoJbkpek-00055-00017141-00017422 Rho of 0 I said of course if the row of
+5moaoJbkpek-00056-00017423-00017614 0 has this other entities but the
+5moaoJbkpek-00057-00017615-00017779 operator part is the I said only
+5moaoJbkpek-00058-00017780-00018001 therefore we will pick up only the eysie
+5moaoJbkpek-00059-00018002-00018187 part of the of the density operator at
+5moaoJbkpek-00060-00018188-00018385 equilibrium density operator and put
+5moaoJbkpek-00061-00018386-00018451 that here
+5moaoJbkpek-00062-00018452-00018745 so the Rho of T for Rho of 0 I put here
+5moaoJbkpek-00063-00018746-00019188 I said R cube beta i z RQ minus 1 beta
+5moaoJbkpek-00064-00019189-00019558 so in order to do this i need to get the
+5moaoJbkpek-00065-00019559-00019738 matrix representations of these
+5moaoJbkpek-00066-00019739-00020019 operators right these these were in the
+5moaoJbkpek-00067-00020020-00020260 form of exponential operator where as I
+5moaoJbkpek-00068-00020261-00020482 said when u is in the matrix operator
+5moaoJbkpek-00069-00020483-00020722 therefore I have to put this also in the
+5moaoJbkpek-00070-00020723-00020989 form of a matrices so for this we will
+5moaoJbkpek-00071-00020990-00021196 calculate the matrix representation of
+5moaoJbkpek-00072-00021197-00021469 the RF pulses we have to get explicit
+5moaoJbkpek-00073-00021470-00021834 matrix representations for these terms
+5moaoJbkpek-00074-00021835-00022006 so how do we do it
+5moaoJbkpek-00075-00022007-00022396 so let's write here again RQ beta e to
+5moaoJbkpek-00076-00022397-00022714 the e to the minus I beta IQ q can be X
+5moaoJbkpek-00077-00022715-00023347 Y or Z now we have earlier seen matrix
+5moaoJbkpek-00078-00023348-00023617 representations of the operators IX IUI
+5moaoJbkpek-00079-00023618-00024067 and I said ok and and these ones we are
+5moaoJbkpek-00080-00024068-00024280 calculated matrix representations of the
+5moaoJbkpek-00081-00024281-00024568 operators IX iy and I said and those
+5moaoJbkpek-00082-00024569-00024838 ones were simply are given in this
+5moaoJbkpek-00083-00024839-00025087 except for the factor 1/2 so therefore
+5moaoJbkpek-00084-00025088-00025441 this can be represented as 1/2 Sigma Q
+5moaoJbkpek-00085-00025442-00025674 where Sigma's are the poly spin matrices
+5moaoJbkpek-00086-00025675-00026074 basically I said these half into 1 0 0
+5moaoJbkpek-00087-00026075-00026286 minus 1 IX is
+5moaoJbkpek-00088-00026287-00026751 half into 1 0 1 1 0 iy is 0 minus I I 0
+5moaoJbkpek-00089-00026752-00027054 now we take away the half you have this
+5moaoJbkpek-00090-00027055-00027360 matrices 1 0 0 minus 1 and this the
+5moaoJbkpek-00091-00027361-00027620 representative Sigma Z and likewise igg
+5moaoJbkpek-00092-00027622-00027914 my x is given as 0 1 1 0 Sigma Y is
+5moaoJbkpek-00093-00027916-00028271 given as 0 minus I I 0 these are called
+5moaoJbkpek-00094-00028272-00028560 as spin matrices for a single spin 1/2
+5moaoJbkpek-00095-00028561-00028865 these are called as Pauli spin matrices
+5moaoJbkpek-00096-00028866-00029139 you can easily verify that the poly
+5moaoJbkpek-00097-00029139-00029420 matrices to satisfy this condition Sigma
+5moaoJbkpek-00098-00029422-00029682 Z square is equal to Sigma Y square is
+5moaoJbkpek-00099-00029683-00029870 equal to Sigma X square is equal to 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00100-00029872-00030249 but one notice here this one is a unit
+5moaoJbkpek-00101-00030250-00030437 matrix it is not just number one
+5moaoJbkpek-00102-00030438-00031170 this is unit matrix 1 0 0 1 ok so this
+5moaoJbkpek-00103-00031170-00031482 will be useful for us to calculate the
+5moaoJbkpek-00104-00031483-00031725 matrix representations of the individual
+5moaoJbkpek-00105-00031726-00032007 operators so here I expand this
+5moaoJbkpek-00106-00032008-00032352 exponential function as a series this is
+5moaoJbkpek-00107-00032352-00032526 a typical expansion of the exponential
+5moaoJbkpek-00108-00032527-00032840 function e to the minus I beta IX I
+5moaoJbkpek-00109-00032841-00033150 rewrite it as e to the minus I beta by 2
+5moaoJbkpek-00110-00033151-00033531 Sigma X I X is 1/2 Sigma X and you write
+5moaoJbkpek-00111-00033532-00033990 it as a series 1 minus I beta 2 Sigma X
+5moaoJbkpek-00112-00033991-00034182 notice here there is a unit matrix here
+5moaoJbkpek-00113-00034183-00034404 this is unit matrix here then you have
+5moaoJbkpek-00114-00034405-00034650 the Sigma X matrix and here what we will
+5moaoJbkpek-00115-00034651-00035052 have Sigma X square I by 2 whole square
+5moaoJbkpek-00116-00035053-00035361 and Sigma X square and Sigma X square is
+5moaoJbkpek-00117-00035362-00035546 a unit matrix because we have seen that
+5moaoJbkpek-00118-00035547-00035832 earlier right and this is this is minus
+5moaoJbkpek-00119-00035833-00036077 1 by 3 factorial I beta by 2 to the
+5moaoJbkpek-00120-00036078-00036377 power 3 and this will be Sigma X cube
+5moaoJbkpek-00121-00036378-00036660 but Sigma is cube is Sigma X square into
+5moaoJbkpek-00122-00036661-00036956 Sigma X and Sigma X square is unity
+5moaoJbkpek-00123-00036957-00037202 there although the explicit unit matrix
+5moaoJbkpek-00124-00037203-00037407 is not written here but it is there
+5moaoJbkpek-00125-00037408-00037605 remember this okay
+5moaoJbkpek-00126-00037606-00038076 and likewise 1 by 4 for factorial I beta
+5moaoJbkpek-00127-00038077-00038358 by 2 to the power 4 and this is Sigma X
+5moaoJbkpek-00128-00038359-00038757 is 4 Sigma s 4 is again 1 therefore you
+5moaoJbkpek-00129-00038758-00038987 will get this infinite series there are
+5moaoJbkpek-00130-00038988-00039300 terms which depend on Sigma X and there
+5moaoJbkpek-00131-00039301-00039461 are terms which do not
+5moaoJbkpek-00132-00039462-00039686 depending on Sigma X now we regroup
+5moaoJbkpek-00133-00039687-00039943 these terms and we say put all these
+5moaoJbkpek-00134-00039944-00040250 terms which do not depend upon Sigma X
+5moaoJbkpek-00135-00040251-00040667 as 1 minus 1 by 2 factorial beta by 2 to
+5moaoJbkpek-00136-00040668-00040886 the power to notice unit matrix is
+5moaoJbkpek-00137-00040887-00041162 present here and 1 by 4 factorial beta
+5moaoJbkpek-00138-00041163-00041402 by 2 to the power 4 again unit matrix is
+5moaoJbkpek-00139-00041403-00041593 present here and likewise and this
+5moaoJbkpek-00140-00041594-00041885 bracket closes here and the other terms
+5moaoJbkpek-00141-00041886-00042257 are minus I beta by 2 minus 1 by 3
+5moaoJbkpek-00142-00042258-00042548 factorial beta by 2 to the power 3 and
+5moaoJbkpek-00143-00042549-00042830 all of these then have multiplication
+5moaoJbkpek-00144-00042831-00043318 with Sigma X so therefore this will be
+5moaoJbkpek-00145-00043319-00043604 what is this this first bracket this
+5moaoJbkpek-00146-00043605-00043835 first bracket is actually an expansion
+5moaoJbkpek-00147-00043836-00044276 of the cosine beta by 2 this is the
+5moaoJbkpek-00148-00044277-00044486 series expansion of the term of the
+5moaoJbkpek-00149-00044487-00044762 function cosine beta by 2 and the terms
+5moaoJbkpek-00150-00044763-00045121 in the second bracket are the represent
+5moaoJbkpek-00151-00045122-00045337 the series expansion of the function
+5moaoJbkpek-00152-00045338-00045668 sine beta by 2 therefore I have here
+5moaoJbkpek-00153-00045669-00045944 cosine beta by 2 multiplied by the unit
+5moaoJbkpek-00154-00045945-00046244 matrix and this is we can write this
+5moaoJbkpek-00155-00046245-00047117 unit matrix here okay so and the I am -
+5moaoJbkpek-00156-00047118-00047567 I Sigma X sine beta by 2 so what does
+5moaoJbkpek-00157-00047568-00047902 this give me put this in the matrixes
+5moaoJbkpek-00158-00047903-00048224 matrix form explicitly cosine beta by 2
+5moaoJbkpek-00159-00048225-00048731 1 0 0 1 minus I sine beta by 2 and I had
+5moaoJbkpek-00160-00048732-00049162 2 Sigma X Sigma X is 0 1 1 0 therefore
+5moaoJbkpek-00161-00049163-00049682 now if I put beta is equal to PI by 2 TB
+5moaoJbkpek-00162-00049683-00049868 if I put beta is equal to PI by 2 then
+5moaoJbkpek-00163-00049869-00050123 what do I get I get cosine 45 here and
+5moaoJbkpek-00164-00050124-00050435 sine 45 here and both of them are equal
+5moaoJbkpek-00165-00050436-00050662 to 1 by root 2 okay so e to the
+5moaoJbkpek-00166-00050663-00050933 therefore e to the I minus e to the
+5moaoJbkpek-00167-00050934-00051289 minus I PI by 2 IX gives me 1 by root 2
+5moaoJbkpek-00168-00051290-00051749 and if you add these here 1 gives me 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00169-00051750-00052201 minus I minus I 1 right so this this is
+5moaoJbkpek-00170-00052202-00052503 1 and this gives me minus I
+5moaoJbkpek-00171-00052504-00052815 this used me - I this used me 1 and 1 by
+5moaoJbkpek-00172-00052816-00053069 root 2 factor comes out here so
+5moaoJbkpek-00173-00053070-00053379 similarly for our why PI by 2 this is
+5moaoJbkpek-00174-00053379-00053768 the PI by 2 pulse applied along the
+5moaoJbkpek-00175-00053769-00054116 x-axis RF is the plural ax X this is the
+5moaoJbkpek-00176-00054117-00054366 gain now a PI by 2 pulse applied along
+5moaoJbkpek-00177-00054366-00054674 the y axis so this gives me 1 by root 2
+5moaoJbkpek-00178-00054675-00055391 1 minus 1 1 1 ok so similarly you can
+5moaoJbkpek-00179-00055392-00055649 calculate matrices for the PI pulses if
+5moaoJbkpek-00180-00055650-00055911 a to choose beta is equal to PI then our
+5moaoJbkpek-00181-00055912-00056298 X pi is e to the minus I PI X and this
+5moaoJbkpek-00182-00056299-00056738 gives me 0 minus I minus I 0 and our Y
+5moaoJbkpek-00183-00056739-00057113 PI gives me e to the minus I PI I I Y
+5moaoJbkpek-00184-00057114-00057512 this gives me 0 minus 1 1 0 the effect
+5moaoJbkpek-00185-00057513-00057668 of these pulses on the density operator
+5moaoJbkpek-00186-00057669-00057972 can be explicitly calculated using these
+5moaoJbkpek-00187-00057973-00058274 matrix representations so for example
+5moaoJbkpek-00188-00058275-00058497 for a density operator represented by
+5moaoJbkpek-00189-00058498-00058803 isay so this is the easiest example to
+5moaoJbkpek-00190-00058804-00058988 take so we take the equilibrium density
+5moaoJbkpek-00191-00058989-00059219 operator represented by Z I will
+5moaoJbkpek-00192-00059220-00059397 calculate what is the effect of our X
+5moaoJbkpek-00193-00059398-00059565 parameter is it actually a rotation now
+5moaoJbkpek-00194-00059566-00059741 we will actually demonstrate that this
+5moaoJbkpek-00195-00059742-00060143 pulse does make a rotation ok how do we
+5moaoJbkpek-00196-00060144-00060356 show that so the density operator here
+5moaoJbkpek-00197-00060357-00060650 Rho of T this is the same equation Bank
+5moaoJbkpek-00198-00060651-00060968 here our Q beta I said our Q minus 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00199-00060969-00061215 beta and therefore I put here our X Phi
+5moaoJbkpek-00200-00061216-00061287 by 2
+5moaoJbkpek-00201-00061288-00061757 I set and rx minus 1 PI by 2 so now we
+5moaoJbkpek-00202-00061758-00061974 calculated what is our X PI by 2 that
+5moaoJbkpek-00203-00061975-00062400 was this and now we I get here a 1 by
+5moaoJbkpek-00204-00062401-00062646 root 2 from here 1 by root 2 from here
+5moaoJbkpek-00205-00062647-00062963 and this gives me 1 by 2 in them in the
+5moaoJbkpek-00206-00062964-00063191 matrix therefore I have a 1 by 4 and
+5moaoJbkpek-00207-00063192-00063629 this gives me 1 minus I minus I 1 and I
+5moaoJbkpek-00208-00063630-00063966 said is 1 0 and 0 minus 1/2 factor is
+5moaoJbkpek-00209-00063966-00064187 already taken away here and the inverse
+5moaoJbkpek-00210-00064188-00064446 of this rx Chi inverse the inverse of
+5moaoJbkpek-00211-00064447-00064979 this matrix is this one ii1 how do I say
+5moaoJbkpek-00212-00064980-00065166 this cause now you see if you multiply
+5moaoJbkpek-00213-00065166-00065475 this matrix with this matrix you will
+5moaoJbkpek-00214-00065476-00065692 get 1 right so
+5moaoJbkpek-00215-00065693-00065976 product you take one one here okay and
+5moaoJbkpek-00216-00065977-00066462 this gives me one and minus I minus I
+5moaoJbkpek-00217-00066463-00066882 square so minus I square is 1 so
+5moaoJbkpek-00218-00066883-00067098 therefore 1 plus 1 gives me 2 we can
+5moaoJbkpek-00219-00067099-00067587 actually do that let me do here the 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00220-00067588-00068706 minus i minus i 1 and x 1 i I 1 so this
+5moaoJbkpek-00221-00068707-00069040 gives me this is equal to 1 minus n
+5moaoJbkpek-00222-00069041-00069417 square this is 2 and this is I minus I
+5moaoJbkpek-00223-00069418-00069786 this is 0 and minus I plus I this is 0
+5moaoJbkpek-00224-00069787-00070072 and this is minus I squared is 1 plus 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00225-00070073-00070380 this gives me 2 and therefore if I take
+5moaoJbkpek-00226-00070381-00070747 this 1 by root 2 1 by root 2 I will have
+5moaoJbkpek-00227-00070748-00071397 1 1 by 2 here therefore this is equal to
+5moaoJbkpek-00228-00071398-00071763 1 0 0 1 right
+5moaoJbkpek-00229-00071764-00072028 so therefore what I have got therefore
+5moaoJbkpek-00230-00072029-00072261 this is the inverse this is demonstrated
+5moaoJbkpek-00231-00072262-00072963 that this matrix is the inverse of of
+5moaoJbkpek-00232-00072964-00073236 this matrix so now if you multiply all
+5moaoJbkpek-00233-00073237-00073554 these three what do I get I get 1/2 0 I
+5moaoJbkpek-00234-00073555-00074199 minus I 0 and this is minus I Y ok so
+5moaoJbkpek-00235-00074200-00074448 what I have got is the result of this
+5moaoJbkpek-00236-00074449-00074817 isay has become minus I Y therefore
+5moaoJbkpek-00237-00074818-00075018 there is a rotation 90 degrees rotation
+5moaoJbkpek-00238-00075019-00075222 right now therefore we're explicitly
+5moaoJbkpek-00239-00075223-00075567 demonstrated that the Z magnetization is
+5moaoJbkpek-00240-00075568-00076135 rotated on today so if I had the zet
+5moaoJbkpek-00241-00076136-00076435 mechanization here and if I applied the
+5moaoJbkpek-00242-00076436-00076944 X this is X Y Z coordinate and the axis
+5moaoJbkpek-00243-00076945-00077169 and this rotates the transverse
+5moaoJbkpek-00244-00077170-00077497 mechanization along this so I get here
+5moaoJbkpek-00245-00077498-00077860 magnetization rotation to minus iy so
+5moaoJbkpek-00246-00077861-00078078 clear for clearly the dead magnetization
+5moaoJbkpek-00247-00078079-00078494 is rotated on to the negative Y axis
+5moaoJbkpek-00248-00078495-00078784 okay now for two spin system there was
+5moaoJbkpek-00249-00078785-00078940 simple for one spin system
+5moaoJbkpek-00250-00078941-00079134 for to spin system of course it is also
+5moaoJbkpek-00251-00079135-00079338 simple but we had to a little bit more
+5moaoJbkpek-00252-00079339-00079596 calculation here now there are two spins
+5moaoJbkpek-00253-00079597-00079944 both are independent right now I want to
+5moaoJbkpek-00254-00079945-00080124 calculate the matrix representation of
+5moaoJbkpek-00255-00080125-00080490 the pulse for two spins so both are I is
+5moaoJbkpek-00256-00080491-00080808 equal to half so they have this one spin
+5moaoJbkpek-00257-00080809-00081093 here and the second spin here so let me
+5moaoJbkpek-00258-00081094-00081426 call them as spins K and L so if I call
+5moaoJbkpek-00259-00081427-00081871 this has been K and this - error right
+5moaoJbkpek-00260-00081872-00082155 and each one of them is independent
+5moaoJbkpek-00261-00082156-00082350 therefore if I want to represent a
+5moaoJbkpek-00262-00082351-00082566 matrix P represents both of them I have
+5moaoJbkpek-00263-00082567-00082887 to when I take the product the product
+5moaoJbkpek-00264-00082888-00083103 means I can take a simple matrix
+5moaoJbkpek-00265-00083104-00083355 multiplication here I have to take what
+5moaoJbkpek-00266-00083356-00083671 is called as the direct product so
+5moaoJbkpek-00267-00083672-00083925 direct product means each of these
+5moaoJbkpek-00268-00083926-00084126 element when I take the multiplication
+5moaoJbkpek-00269-00084127-00084294 of the direct product means if I take
+5moaoJbkpek-00270-00084295-00084522 this and multiply the and I put the
+5moaoJbkpek-00271-00084523-00084804 entire matrix here multiply the entire
+5moaoJbkpek-00272-00084805-00084996 matrix with this element therefore I get
+5moaoJbkpek-00273-00084997-00085371 here one minus I minus I 1 now so far as
+5moaoJbkpek-00274-00085372-00085716 this element is concerned I multiply - I
+5moaoJbkpek-00275-00085717-00085959 with this entire matrix therefore I get
+5moaoJbkpek-00276-00085960-00086382 a minus I here and minus I into minus I
+5moaoJbkpek-00277-00086383-00086628 this used me plus I square that is minus
+5moaoJbkpek-00278-00086629-00086967 1 here and likewise minus I into minus I
+5moaoJbkpek-00279-00086968-00087399 gives me minus 1 here and minus I into 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00280-00087400-00087726 that gives me minus I here so similarly
+5moaoJbkpek-00281-00087727-00088062 I get here minus I minus 1 minus 1 minus
+5moaoJbkpek-00282-00088063-00088596 I and for this I get 1 minus I minus I 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00283-00088597-00088929 so now we see this is the 4x4 matrix so
+5moaoJbkpek-00284-00088930-00089100 I should get the 4 over 4 matrix rise
+5moaoJbkpek-00285-00089101-00089391 that the I X operator for it to spin
+5moaoJbkpek-00286-00089392-00089754 system is a 4 by 4 matrix so we get that
+5moaoJbkpek-00287-00089755-00089949 by doing this detect product of the
+5moaoJbkpek-00288-00089950-00090156 individual Springs because the two spins
+5moaoJbkpek-00289-00090157-00090318 are independent and they can be
+5moaoJbkpek-00290-00090319-00090621 multiplied by this direct product method
+5moaoJbkpek-00291-00090622-00090876 so therefore I get a four by four matrix
+5moaoJbkpek-00292-00090877-00091209 and my operators IX I why I said they
+5moaoJbkpek-00293-00091210-00091476 will also be 4 by 4 matrices and this is
+5moaoJbkpek-00294-00091477-00091662 the way we calculate the matrix
+5moaoJbkpek-00295-00091663-00091863 representations of the writer of the
+5moaoJbkpek-00296-00091864-00092203 operator for RF pulses
+5moaoJbkpek-00297-00092204-00092602 so similarly we calculate for ry pi by 2
+5moaoJbkpek-00298-00092603-00093055 I have here 1 minus 1 1 1 this is for
+5moaoJbkpek-00299-00093056-00093412 spin K so if I call it for spin K and
+5moaoJbkpek-00300-00093413-00093718 this one is for spin L and I take the
+5moaoJbkpek-00301-00093719-00093952 direct product so if I take the direct
+5moaoJbkpek-00302-00093953-00094357 product I get here 1 minus 1 1 1 that is
+5moaoJbkpek-00303-00094358-00094618 the same and then this is basically
+5moaoJbkpek-00304-00094619-00094864 multiplying with minus 1 this whole
+5moaoJbkpek-00305-00094865-00095122 thing so I get here minus 1 1 minus 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00306-00095123-00095443 minus 1 here and this will be 1 minus 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00307-00095444-00095874 1 1 and this will be 1 minus 1 1 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00308-00095875-00096187 because all these are ones here right so
+5moaoJbkpek-00309-00096188-00096340 therefore these will be them except this
+5moaoJbkpek-00310-00096341-00096667 this term will be different so this are
+5moaoJbkpek-00311-00096668-00096925 why PI by 2 now consists of all real
+5moaoJbkpek-00312-00096926-00097186 numbers ok then where is rx can't
+5moaoJbkpek-00313-00097187-00097555 contain all imaginary eyes also using
+5moaoJbkpek-00314-00097556-00097720 such matrix representations for the
+5moaoJbkpek-00315-00097721-00097939 pulses and the density operator the
+5moaoJbkpek-00316-00097940-00098059 evolution of the density operator
+5moaoJbkpek-00317-00098060-00098290 through a multiples experiment can be
+5moaoJbkpek-00318-00098291-00098638 calculated so put this all in in summary
+5moaoJbkpek-00319-00098639-00098962 I have for one spin I have here 1 by
+5moaoJbkpek-00320-00098963-00099418 root 2 1 minus I minus I 1 ry PI by 2 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00321-00099419-00099868 1 by root 2 1 minus 1 1 1 RX pi is 0
+5moaoJbkpek-00322-00099869-00100222 minus I minus I 0 this raga and ry pi is
+5moaoJbkpek-00323-00100223-00100636 0 minus 1 1 0 and similarly for the toe
+5moaoJbkpek-00324-00100637-00100855 spins you have 4 by 4 matrices and you
+5moaoJbkpek-00325-00100856-00101146 are calculated here are X PI and our Y
+5moaoJbkpek-00326-00101147-00101407 prime which will contain only anti
+5moaoJbkpek-00327-00101408-00101674 diagonal elements notice here of course
+5moaoJbkpek-00328-00101675-00101839 here also they contain nt diagonal
+5moaoJbkpek-00329-00101840-00102010 element this is the diagonal and this is
+5moaoJbkpek-00330-00102011-00102214 nt diagonal so have only enter diagonal
+5moaoJbkpek-00331-00102215-00102391 elements here and here also I have only
+5moaoJbkpek-00332-00102392-00102613 the inter diagonal elements are X pi and
+5moaoJbkpek-00333-00102614-00102909 this indicates how this shows how the
+5moaoJbkpek-00334-00102910-00103155 calculations have to be performed
+5moaoJbkpek-00335-00103156-00103540 ok so for now we consider we are ready
+5moaoJbkpek-00336-00103541-00103723 to calculate any kind of a matrix
+5moaoJbkpek-00337-00103724-00103966 representation any kind of evolution of
+5moaoJbkpek-00338-00103967-00104302 a multiple pulse experiment so if I have
+5moaoJbkpek-00339-00104303-00104521 a multiple pulse experiment so I start
+5moaoJbkpek-00340-00104522-00104728 with the initial density operator Rho 0
+5moaoJbkpek-00341-00104729-00105001 start with this apply a pulse p1 here
+5moaoJbkpek-00342-00105002-00105250 and then allow the spin system to evolve
+5moaoJbkpek-00343-00105251-00105393 under the inflow
+5moaoJbkpek-00344-00105394-00105621 of the hamiltonian h 1 for the period
+5moaoJbkpek-00345-00105622-00106028 tau 1 then apply a pulse P 2 then apply
+5moaoJbkpek-00346-00106029-00106241 and then I allow the system to you all
+5moaoJbkpek-00347-00106242-00106412 under the influence of the Hamiltonian H
+5moaoJbkpek-00348-00106413-00106715 2 for a period tau 2 and continue like
+5moaoJbkpek-00349-00106716-00106968 this therefore any number of pulses what
+5moaoJbkpek-00350-00106969-00107183 you might have here I can continue to
+5moaoJbkpek-00351-00107184-00107394 calculate the evolution of this of the
+5moaoJbkpek-00352-00107395-00107585 density operator through the pulse
+5moaoJbkpek-00353-00107586-00107781 sequence and finally I will get the
+5moaoJbkpek-00354-00107782-00107975 density operator here which is what I
+5moaoJbkpek-00355-00107976-00108233 actually measure and then that contains
+5moaoJbkpek-00356-00108234-00108423 the entire information about the
+5moaoJbkpek-00357-00108424-00108626 evolution of the spin system through the
+5moaoJbkpek-00358-00108627-00108863 pulse sequence okay how do we actually
+5moaoJbkpek-00359-00108864-00109146 do it so therefore we say start with a 0
+5moaoJbkpek-00360-00109147-00109443 0 this is my initial density operator so
+5moaoJbkpek-00361-00109444-00109661 if I put the density operator here
+5moaoJbkpek-00362-00109662-00109824 the first thing that is coming here is
+5moaoJbkpek-00363-00109825-00110118 the P 1 that is the pulse therefore when
+5moaoJbkpek-00364-00110119-00110349 I have the pulse I have the P 1 and P 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00365-00110350-00110759 minus 1 right so this is the one I get
+5moaoJbkpek-00366-00110760-00111065 after the first pulse that means for
+5moaoJbkpek-00367-00111066-00111423 this part of the evolution the density
+5moaoJbkpek-00368-00111424-00111701 operator here becomes the row of 0 this
+5moaoJbkpek-00369-00111702-00111974 is the new row of 0 so for the beginning
+5moaoJbkpek-00370-00111975-00112299 of this one this becomes my Rho 0 so
+5moaoJbkpek-00371-00112300-00112581 therefore this is my Rho 0 for the next
+5moaoJbkpek-00372-00112582-00112754 operation and that is the evolution
+5moaoJbkpek-00373-00112755-00113009 under the Hamiltonian H 1 for the period
+5moaoJbkpek-00374-00113010-00113349 tau 1 so e to the minus I by H cross H 1
+5moaoJbkpek-00375-00113350-00113660 tau 1 and on this idea e to the I by H
+5moaoJbkpek-00376-00113661-00114038 cross H 1 tau 1 so now where I am I have
+5moaoJbkpek-00377-00114039-00114275 reached here at the end of this now
+5moaoJbkpek-00378-00114276-00114479 apply the pulse again so if I apply the
+5moaoJbkpek-00379-00114480-00114710 pulse therefore once again I multiply by
+5moaoJbkpek-00380-00114711-00115056 P 2 here and P 2 minus 1 here and now if
+5moaoJbkpek-00381-00115057-00115272 I then I reach here then of course I
+5moaoJbkpek-00382-00115273-00115433 will have to multiply by e to the minus
+5moaoJbkpek-00383-00115434-00115778 I by H cross H to tau 2 and on this idea
+5moaoJbkpek-00384-00115779-00116102 to the I by H cross H to tau 2 and so on
+5moaoJbkpek-00385-00116103-00116309 so this is the way one can actually
+5moaoJbkpek-00386-00116310-00116547 calculate the matrix representations of
+5moaoJbkpek-00387-00116548-00116820 the density operators and evolutions
+5moaoJbkpek-00388-00116821-00117132 of the density operator through the
+5moaoJbkpek-00389-00117133-00117652 multiples experiment and that is
+5moaoJbkpek-00390-00117653-00117913 to calculate it and I think we can take
+5moaoJbkpek-00391-00117914-00118335 it forward in the next classes and with
+5moaoJbkpek-00392-00118336-00118549 the explicit calculation and see what is
+5moaoJbkpek-00393-00118550-00118699 the physics and what is the science that
+5moaoJbkpek-00394-00118700-00118983 comes out of these calculations so we
+5moaoJbkpek-00395-00118984-00119143 will stop here
+5moaoJbkpek-00396-00119144-00120509 [Music]
+5moaoJbkpek-00397-00120510-00120842 [Applause]
+5moaoJbkpek-00398-00120843-00120996 [Music]
+5moaoJbkpek-00399-00120997-00121954 [Applause]
+5moaoJbkpek-00400-00121955-00122525 [Applause]
+5moaoJbkpek-00401-00122526-00122986 [Music]
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00000-00000000-00000221 if you don't see replay you might need
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00001-00000222-00000424 to play more music look for a progress
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00002-00000425-00000623 bar on the replay site to see how much
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00003-00000624-00000827 music you need to listen to as soon as
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00004-00000827-00001012 you've played enough music you'll get a
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00005-00001013-00001199 notification that your replay is ready
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00006-00001200-00001408 if you still don't see replay make sure
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00007-00001409-00001612 that use listening history is turned on
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00008-00001613-00001810 for all of your devices and your iPhone
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00009-00001811-00002063 or iPad go to settings music and turn on
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00010-00002064-00002291 use listening history on your Mac in the
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00011-00002292-00002471 Apple music app choose Music settings
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00012-00002472-00002723 click the general tab then select use
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00013-00002724-00002957 listening history on your Android at the
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00014-00002958-00003155 top of the Apple music app tap the more
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00015-00003156-00003377 button more button tap settings then
+5n4J9rP6xQM-00016-00003378-00003710 turn on use listening history
+6osrox5Koay-00001-00009872-00012551 rapid
+6osrox5Koay-00002-00012552-00014079 so how to
+6osrox5Koay-00004-00018448-00018727 how to rank youtube video on youtube
+6osrox5Koay-00005-00018728-00018886 2021
+6osrox5Koay-00006-00018887-00019175 how to rank video how to rank video on
+6osrox5Koay-00007-00019176-00019455 youtube how to rank video tag in new
+6osrox5Koay-00010-00028880-00029180 foreign
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00000-00000017-00000403 hey guys i am back and i basically
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00001-00000404-00000663 finished the defending of the gates or
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00002-00000664-00000881 entrances because they're gay this
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00003-00000882-00001282 basically defended by one effing guard
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00004-00001283-00001523 so and this is supposed to be there
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00005-00001524-00001901 order this fence nice defense there and
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00006-00001902-00002026 with them now when i talk to this guy
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00007-00002027-00002474 turn this end destroy orcish totem so
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00008-00002475-00002677 that's where i need to go basically was
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00009-00002678-00002941 a google doodle or camp or a lumber camp
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00010-00002942-00003353 basically where it's also a good place
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00011-00003354-00003677 to farm rub items for this section of
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00012-00003678-00004043 the central Gondor which i hate actually
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00013-00004044-00004654 grinding for that rep stuff a hobbit
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00014-00004655-00004822 there
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00015-00004823-00005290 so let me check what else is in here go
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00016-00005291-00005494 over here there's a big gigantic circle
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00017-00005495-00005950 I'm guessing it's four lanterns yep I
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00018-00005951-00006184 just thought torch somewhere over there
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00019-00006185-00007220 authority the dialog on a horse
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00020-00007222-00007506 nope the debt already so that's not
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00021-00007508-00008299 going to happen oh here's one here there
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00022-00008300-00008521 we go that book is done i'm supposed to
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00023-00008522-00008739 go talk to the book guy with areum esten
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00024-00008740-00009856 then entrance of a throne
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00025-00009857-00010151 see this is why it's good to drink
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00026-00010152-00010463 because you can do you can get relics
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00027-00010464-00010610 this is nothing it's your turn relics
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00028-00010611-00010907 yeah hello one but you know one is
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00029-00010908-00011627 actually a lot okay so travel to the
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00030-00011628-00011788 town of Lynn here so the book we're not
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00031-00011789-00011957 going to do the book anymore cuz next
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00032-00011958-00012235 time remove that so now we're gonna do
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00033-00012236-00012683 all these for quests which is good
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00034-00012684-00013069 because I am so freaking do so much
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00035-00013069-00013363 collect fish click signs of hope okay
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00036-00013365-00013586 sign of hope is inside the town which I
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00037-00013587-00014069 know is just picking up stuff and just
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00038-00014069-00014327 should be up there it is a banner here
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00039-00014328-00014494 sign up hope that's their sign of hope
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00040-00014495-00015227 on the floor stupid
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00041-00015228-00015463 so I guess these people lost hope that's
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00042-00015465-00015677 why it's on the floor let me see if I
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00043-00015678-00016616 need to forge anything I'm gonna wait as
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00044-00016617-00016853 the news I bring penninger supposed to
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00045-00016854-00017475 be something up here apparently
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00046-00017476-00017682 it's going to be a white mountain flower
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00047-00017683-00018896 that's cute and now going to back to
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00048-00018897-00019280 bring the signs to bore her door which
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00049-00019281-00019544 is inside his little house in here I
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00050-00019545-00019844 think becomes our instance actually
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00051-00019845-00020436 after we turn it in
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00052-00020437-00020864 so also today so today I'm a bit busy I
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00053-00020865-00021086 will basically like I said the ladies
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00054-00021087-00021244 should be a supposed to come today and
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00055-00021245-00021491 I'm supposed to also go to the physical
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00056-00021492-00022351 therapist today
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00057-00022352-00022679 poor guy he stilled his doubt old and
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00058-00022680-00023192 running that city so now I'm super goes
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00059-00023193-00023579 to go somewhere the whys that he doesn't
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00060-00023580-00023927 have an air i guess so i need to go to
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00061-00023928-00024167 this thing i think yeah i need to go to
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00062-00024168-00024701 just follow this road
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00063-00024702-00026390 the road yep
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00064-00026391-00026674 make sure you use a worsted by hate war
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00065-00026675-00028217 speed so no thank you
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00066-00028218-00028471 going up the core of British things
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00067-00028472-00029589 called
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00068-00029589-00029949 a thing road taking shortcut doesn't
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00069-00029950-00030174 always work like one of the instant the
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00070-00030175-00030389 new big battles trying to take a short
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00071-00030391-00030633 cut off the wall can actually get you
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00072-00030633-00030855 stuck and once you're stuck you have to
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00073-00030856-00031058 do / stock and if it's a quest you
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00074-00031060-00031398 basically lost two minutes two to three
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00075-00031399-00032076 minutes so now all shortcuts are good so
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00076-00032077-00032439 now I'm here I think I'll cool collect
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00077-00032439-00032583 what am I supposed to do here defeat
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00078-00032583-00033327 spiders okay you know spiders and the
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00079-00033328-00033858 Moores are female I don't know if that's
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00080-00033859-00034115 supposed if that's the lower but these
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00081-00034116-00034861 spiders looks cool though
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00082-00034862-00035081 taking corpse because usually the
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00083-00035082-00035480 Corbett is very good materials yep see
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00084-00035481-00036089 50 cons to more spiders one what I need
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00085-00036090-00036254 more than one sorry I can't just have
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00086-00036255-00036878 one where's the utter spider through
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00087-00036879-00038342 spider I air
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00088-00038343-00038831 it's done speak with someone over here
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00089-00038832-00039336 speak with us yes it is missing in from
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00090-00039337-00039615 all sides defeat spiders of Ringle Vale
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00091-00039616-00040461 more spiders where's the spider okay so
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00092-00040462-00040641 all spiders are over here have to go
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00093-00040642-00040884 over your eye color like unnoticeable
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00094-00040885-00041336 and blue what's this blue white
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00095-00041337-00041625 another this color is why is it oh wow
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00096-00041626-00041907 the white ones nicer like the white one
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00097-00041908-00042465 it's more noticeable
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00098-00042466-00042711 photos in particular this one I can't
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00099-00042712-00043023 see where does it but oh well so off to
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00100-00043024-00043645 kill spiders
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00101-00043646-00043902 so yeah I'm gonna be busy today so I'm
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00102-00043903-00044089 that's why I'm a little tiny bit
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00103-00044090-00044332 distracted is because I'm looking at the
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00104-00044333-00044623 phone to see if I get any text and also
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00105-00044624-00045012 to check out and hoping that I will have
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00106-00045013-00045502 enough time to make sure that she comes
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00107-00045503-00045829 here on time before I have to leave at
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00108-00045830-00045999 one and not only that my uncle is
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00109-00046000-00046230 supposed to actually come over and get
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00110-00046231-00046537 his mail because since my daddy my uncle
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00111-00046538-00046914 almost have very similar asian names
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00112-00046915-00047521 except for one word is different his
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00113-00047522-00048523 mail gets sent to us all the time
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00114-00048524-00049715 oh my god i'm almost 100 wow
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00115-00049716-00050306 oh it's stupid oh look I got to do
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00116-00050307-00050630 it because of my help our yay Thank You
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00117-00050631-00051652 tall man you know Rohan for the most
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00118-00051653-00051962 part all the leaders are women or all
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00119-00051963-00052346 the like Dolan Ross it's that linear in
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00120-00052347-00052598 hell girl and the daughter of Prince
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00121-00052599-00053183 Umbra hill and I know the area before
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00122-00053184-00053716 you reach ministerial are all women
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00123-00053716-00054152 that's pretty cool started all from Aon
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00124-00054153-00054569 from Edoras and gotten Rohan and row on
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00125-00054570-00054991 and Gondor are all women leaders which
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00126-00054992-00055579 is pretty awesome
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00127-00055579-00057155 so I don't think so gonna kill this guy
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00128-00057157-00058032 20 more spiders
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00129-00058033-00058429 I can't stand killing slow local damage
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00130-00058429-00058629 i'm nearby year hopefully i don't die
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00131-00058630-00059248 here let's see did I kill one spider yep
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00132-00059249-00059523 I did and that'll be a second one this
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00133-00059524-00059982 would be my third one oh well it's great
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00134-00059983-00060535 I do not want a wolf but whatever still
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00135-00060536-00060946 dead so I'm supposed to do what else in
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00136-00060947-00062432 here destroy spider webbed eggs
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00137-00062433-00063173 I need destroy more spider webs look at
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00138-00063174-00063341 it a little small spider that's like the
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00139-00063342-00063747 barrel down spider so what I'm going to
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00140-00063748-00064221 do is just run who cares I'm going to
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00141-00064222-00064509 flop because I want to and there's a
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00142-00064510-00065346 warband here oh do it I flop and
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00143-00065347-00066171 now you're gonna die come on I need for
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00144-00066172-00066972 more nests
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00145-00066973-00067663 died I need more damage mastery but
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00146-00067664-00069025 whatever okay three more should do it or
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00147-00069026-00069190 the warband here which I'm not even
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00148-00069191-00069346 gonna bother with Amazon's had to finish
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00149-00069347-00070159 this quest
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00150-00070160-00071931 crap interrupting my work okay
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00151-00071932-00072336 one more egg and there's a freaking cool
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00152-00072337-00072766 porbandar I don't care for cancel only
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00153-00072767-00072954 do or bands with my friend because I
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00154-00072955-00073257 don't have that much space for quests so
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00155-00073258-00073626 that's done now I guess that's it I'm
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00156-00073627-00073897 supposed to go to a cave but that's it
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00157-00073898-00074100 for this episode guys though thanks for
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00158-00074101-00074343 watching my distracted episode of
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00159-00074344-00074529 someone can a call are they gonna call
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00160-00074530-00074817 make it follow blog anyways that was a
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00161-00074818-00075072 fake laugh so thanks guys for watching
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00162-00075073-00075397 and take care Oh subscribe share blah
+61Ao4lPPRI4-00163-00075398-00075610 blah blah
+62l-KhAxJVU-00000-00000254-00001462 [Music]
+62l-KhAxJVU-00001-00001463-00001688 good
+63ODWTsxEZU-00000-00004128-00006975 foreign
+63ODWTsxEZU-00005-00034680-00037551 so
+63ODWTsxEZU-00008-00064898-00065191 [Music]
+63ODWTsxEZU-00009-00065191-00065347 hey
+63ODWTsxEZU-00010-00065348-00065651 [Music]
+67nZpdl7vj4-00000-00000096-00000407 um so often out it's your turn to uh to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00001-00000408-00000526 present
+67nZpdl7vj4-00002-00000527-00000688 I'll let you just
+67nZpdl7vj4-00003-00000689-00000787 thanks
+67nZpdl7vj4-00004-00000788-00001193 and bonjour and with your permission I
+67nZpdl7vj4-00005-00001194-00001499 will now switch to English as I covered
+67nZpdl7vj4-00006-00001500-00001757 my entire French vocabulary
+67nZpdl7vj4-00007-00001757-00001889 so
+67nZpdl7vj4-00008-00001889-00002183 um good afternoon everyone I'm happy to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00009-00002184-00002459 introduce uh clue ICU the clue ICU
+67nZpdl7vj4-00010-00002460-00002783 platform and clue company uh uh in
+67nZpdl7vj4-00011-00002784-00002975 general
+67nZpdl7vj4-00012-00002976-00003274 um I think that as a clinician I've
+67nZpdl7vj4-00013-00003275-00003485 always wanted to have the ability to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00014-00003486-00003749 look into the future to understand what
+67nZpdl7vj4-00015-00003750-00004115 is about to happen with my patient uh
+67nZpdl7vj4-00016-00004116-00004288 and I think that we're in a very
+67nZpdl7vj4-00017-00004289-00004577 interesting point in time in which for
+67nZpdl7vj4-00018-00004578-00004793 the first time we do have
+67nZpdl7vj4-00019-00004794-00005069 a crystal ball to look into the future
+67nZpdl7vj4-00020-00005070-00005363 with the assistant of data and to be
+67nZpdl7vj4-00021-00005364-00005663 more specific data science tools mostly
+67nZpdl7vj4-00022-00005664-00005849 machine learning and artificial
+67nZpdl7vj4-00023-00005850-00006029 intelligence
+67nZpdl7vj4-00024-00006030-00006406 clue medical my company which I am a VP
+67nZpdl7vj4-00025-00006408-00006677 of clinical development is focused on
+67nZpdl7vj4-00026-00006678-00006953 turning data into insights
+67nZpdl7vj4-00027-00006954-00007181 we analyze the entire spectrum of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00028-00007181-00007451 clinical data arriving from the patient
+67nZpdl7vj4-00029-00007452-00007823 whether from the EMR from direct h07
+67nZpdl7vj4-00030-00007823-00008167 channels such as medications orders labs
+67nZpdl7vj4-00031-00008168-00008477 and from medical devices surrounding the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00032-00008478-00008674 patients such as the ventilator and the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00033-00008675-00009059 monitor everything is ingested and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00034-00009060-00009383 identified what we call mapping by the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00035-00009384-00009659 clue system and then it could run as
+67nZpdl7vj4-00036-00009660-00009905 values in the AI the artificial
+67nZpdl7vj4-00037-00009906-00010085 intelligence platform and in the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00038-00010086-00010342 algorithms in order to provide output
+67nZpdl7vj4-00039-00010343-00010673 that can help us get insights what about
+67nZpdl7vj4-00040-00010674-00010871 what's about to happen with the patient
+67nZpdl7vj4-00041-00010872-00011027 what we call predictive clinical
+67nZpdl7vj4-00042-00011028-00011363 analytics insights about optimizing the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00043-00011364-00011645 patient flow and also some Benchmark
+67nZpdl7vj4-00044-00011646-00011860 safety and quality measures
+67nZpdl7vj4-00045-00011861-00012292 we are even prepared to add to this uh
+67nZpdl7vj4-00046-00012293-00012509 wearable devices so that in the near
+67nZpdl7vj4-00047-00012510-00012760 future we will also be able to give the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00048-00012761-00013133 same uh um benefit for patients at home
+67nZpdl7vj4-00049-00013134-00013283 because we understand that we're about
+67nZpdl7vj4-00050-00013284-00013727 to enter the age of hospital at home
+67nZpdl7vj4-00051-00013728-00013972 just to get everyone on board about what
+67nZpdl7vj4-00052-00013973-00014171 machine learning is
+67nZpdl7vj4-00053-00014172-00014363 specifically in supervised machine
+67nZpdl7vj4-00054-00014363-00014675 learning which is the most common way or
+67nZpdl7vj4-00055-00014676-00014933 method of machine learning we focus on a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00056-00014934-00015205 specific outcome let's say for example
+67nZpdl7vj4-00057-00015206-00015619 an outcome of a mechanical ventilation
+67nZpdl7vj4-00058-00015619-00015863 the outcome that we want to predict
+67nZpdl7vj4-00059-00015863-00016108 should be very focused and easily
+67nZpdl7vj4-00060-00016109-00016463 identified it cannot have any ambiguity
+67nZpdl7vj4-00061-00016464-00016865 ambiguity because we train the model to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00062-00016866-00017207 identify which variables predict this
+67nZpdl7vj4-00063-00017208-00017489 outcome to happen let's take for example
+67nZpdl7vj4-00064-00017490-00017827 several uh variables such as the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00065-00017828-00018113 spo2 the respiratory rate and we
+67nZpdl7vj4-00066-00018114-00018322 understand that they all relate to the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00067-00018323-00018629 outcome of mechanical ventilation but
+67nZpdl7vj4-00068-00018630-00018803 each of those receives a different
+67nZpdl7vj4-00069-00018804-00019097 weight in the formula some are more
+67nZpdl7vj4-00070-00019098-00019414 important some are less important
+67nZpdl7vj4-00071-00019415-00019714 machine learning looks at Big Data so
+67nZpdl7vj4-00072-00019715-00019979 that we run at thousands and tens of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00073-00019980-00020261 tens of thousands of patients and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00074-00020262-00020639 realize what formula best predicts the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00075-00020640-00020914 same outcome in all those patients this
+67nZpdl7vj4-00076-00020915-00021119 is what is called supervised machine
+67nZpdl7vj4-00077-00021120-00021383 learning
+67nZpdl7vj4-00078-00021384-00021719 in our case we trained models to predict
+67nZpdl7vj4-00079-00021720-00022144 two very important outcomes in the ICU
+67nZpdl7vj4-00080-00022145-00022541 settings one model predicts respiratory
+67nZpdl7vj4-00081-00022542-00022817 failure in a time period of the next
+67nZpdl7vj4-00082-00022818-00023122 eight hours to be more specific we
+67nZpdl7vj4-00083-00023123-00023453 trained our model and our algorithms to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00084-00023454-00023669 predict that within the next eight hours
+67nZpdl7vj4-00085-00023670-00024064 the patient will need intubation and the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00086-00024065-00024286 start of mechanical ventilation this was
+67nZpdl7vj4-00087-00024287-00024544 our definition for respiratory failure
+67nZpdl7vj4-00088-00024545-00024744 the second model
+67nZpdl7vj4-00089-00024745-00025085 predicts hemodynamic instability again
+67nZpdl7vj4-00090-00025086-00025336 in the next eight hours
+67nZpdl7vj4-00091-00025337-00025612 and again to be more specific the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00092-00025613-00025889 outcome is defined as the initiation the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00093-00025889-00026327 start of any vasopressor medication
+67nZpdl7vj4-00094-00026327-00026567 so these are our two deterioration
+67nZpdl7vj4-00095-00026568-00026890 models and as I said they give a window
+67nZpdl7vj4-00096-00026891-00027262 of prediction of eight hours forward we
+67nZpdl7vj4-00097-00027263-00027551 also have a third model which is
+67nZpdl7vj4-00098-00027552-00027905 independent and predicts that in the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00099-00027906-00028189 next eight hours no significant
+67nZpdl7vj4-00100-00028189-00028517 deterioration is going to happen to the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00101-00028518-00028799 patient or in other words it's a third
+67nZpdl7vj4-00102-00028800-00029158 model that predicts stable patients no
+67nZpdl7vj4-00103-00029160-00029440 important event is going to happen for
+67nZpdl7vj4-00104-00029441-00029789 the patient in the next eight hours
+67nZpdl7vj4-00105-00029789-00030185 in order to create these three models we
+67nZpdl7vj4-00106-00030186-00030527 have looked at a data set of almost 80
+67nZpdl7vj4-00107-00030527-00030983 000 ICU stays that cover 11 years in a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00108-00030983-00031355 huge data set coming from an ICU network
+67nZpdl7vj4-00109-00031356-00031690 teleic network in the United States
+67nZpdl7vj4-00110-00031691-00031937 which includes several several sub
+67nZpdl7vj4-00111-00031938-00032218 Specialties of ICU so that we have a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00112-00032219-00032446 full coverage of patients such as
+67nZpdl7vj4-00113-00032447-00032855 medical ICU surgical ICU cardiac
+67nZpdl7vj4-00114-00032856-00033095 cardiothoracic
+67nZpdl7vj4-00115-00033096-00033185 Etc
+67nZpdl7vj4-00116-00033186-00033496 uh this gives us a very wide variety of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00117-00033497-00033749 patients so that we believe that the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00118-00033750-00033977 models are very valid
+67nZpdl7vj4-00119-00033978-00034162 to give the same predictions of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00120-00034163-00034499 deterioration or stability to almost any
+67nZpdl7vj4-00121-00034500-00034823 ICU patients I would just focus and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00122-00034824-00035171 emphasize this is only for adult icus
+67nZpdl7vj4-00123-00035172-00035489 meaning only adult patients over the age
+67nZpdl7vj4-00124-00035490-00035849 of 18.
+67nZpdl7vj4-00125-00035850-00036124 there are three stages in creating a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00126-00036125-00036335 machine learning model the first one is
+67nZpdl7vj4-00127-00036336-00036581 training the model as I said earlier
+67nZpdl7vj4-00128-00036582-00036917 defining the outcomes and then running
+67nZpdl7vj4-00129-00036918-00037217 the models or the algorithms on a huge
+67nZpdl7vj4-00130-00037218-00037445 data set of patients so that they
+67nZpdl7vj4-00131-00037446-00037709 understand what values to give to each
+67nZpdl7vj4-00132-00037710-00037985 each of the components and what what
+67nZpdl7vj4-00133-00037986-00038351 weights and create a formula that
+67nZpdl7vj4-00134-00038352-00038573 predicts that outcome
+67nZpdl7vj4-00135-00038574-00038885 the second phase is the testing set you
+67nZpdl7vj4-00136-00038886-00039149 take from within the same data set a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00137-00039150-00039389 different group of patients and then you
+67nZpdl7vj4-00138-00039390-00039587 test that your model really predicts
+67nZpdl7vj4-00139-00039588-00039821 what is about to happen to them
+67nZpdl7vj4-00140-00039822-00040043 but the most important part after you
+67nZpdl7vj4-00141-00040044-00040367 created your model is the validation and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00142-00040368-00040649 this is also what is required by the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00143-00040650-00040985 regulatory both in the United States by
+67nZpdl7vj4-00144-00040986-00041315 the FDA and in Europe by the CE you need
+67nZpdl7vj4-00145-00041316-00041590 to have validation studies and we
+67nZpdl7vj4-00146-00041591-00041890 created validation for several groups
+67nZpdl7vj4-00147-00041891-00042179 the first two groups of validation were
+67nZpdl7vj4-00148-00042180-00042509 validation cohorts from the same data
+67nZpdl7vj4-00149-00042510-00042749 set on which we trained and tested the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00150-00042750-00043037 model but different patients we set
+67nZpdl7vj4-00151-00043038-00043246 aside from the beginning thousands of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00152-00043247-00043435 patients from the same Hospital network
+67nZpdl7vj4-00153-00043436-00043859 from within those 80 000 stays we did
+67nZpdl7vj4-00154-00043860-00044074 not look at them we did not train the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00155-00044075-00044351 model of them we've never seen them and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00156-00044352-00044579 then we run the models on them to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00157-00044580-00044843 identify the performance of the model on
+67nZpdl7vj4-00158-00044844-00045133 patients that were never seen before
+67nZpdl7vj4-00159-00045134-00045455 afterwards we did a second validation
+67nZpdl7vj4-00160-00045456-00045827 study on a cohort of thousands of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00161-00045828-00046001 patients arriving from a different
+67nZpdl7vj4-00162-00046002-00046301 hospital Network in another state which
+67nZpdl7vj4-00163-00046302-00046499 means different demographics different
+67nZpdl7vj4-00164-00046500-00046657 population
+67nZpdl7vj4-00165-00046658-00046961 uh to validate that the model Works in a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00166-00046962-00047129 different hospital
+67nZpdl7vj4-00167-00047130-00047380 usually in all those cases when you move
+67nZpdl7vj4-00168-00047381-00047596 from the training set from the data set
+67nZpdl7vj4-00169-00047597-00047777 on which you trained to a different
+67nZpdl7vj4-00170-00047778-00048029 place to a different location there is
+67nZpdl7vj4-00171-00048030-00048277 also a draw always a drop in performance
+67nZpdl7vj4-00172-00048278-00048580 because many things are different not
+67nZpdl7vj4-00173-00048581-00048839 just the patients such as the work
+67nZpdl7vj4-00174-00048840-00049187 routines uh the EMR and we managed to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00175-00049188-00049499 say to show that we kept almost the same
+67nZpdl7vj4-00176-00049500-00049805 performance which was very satisfying
+67nZpdl7vj4-00177-00049806-00049918 for us
+67nZpdl7vj4-00178-00049919-00050224 but then a real question came up because
+67nZpdl7vj4-00179-00050225-00050573 we trained the model on 10 years 11
+67nZpdl7vj4-00180-00050574-00050843 years of data in which there was not
+67nZpdl7vj4-00181-00050844-00051220 even one single covid-19 patient because
+67nZpdl7vj4-00182-00051221-00051520 it was before the development of the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00183-00051521-00051952 covid-19 era we were wondering how
+67nZpdl7vj4-00184-00051953-00052223 robust is our model as I said it was
+67nZpdl7vj4-00185-00052224-00052475 trained on a huge data set of patients
+67nZpdl7vj4-00186-00052476-00052685 that include many different types of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00187-00052686-00052853 patients from different ICU
+67nZpdl7vj4-00188-00052854-00053044 sub-specialties but there were no
+67nZpdl7vj4-00189-00053045-00053213 coveted patients there
+67nZpdl7vj4-00190-00053214-00053621 therefore we took another cohort of more
+67nZpdl7vj4-00191-00053622-00053837 than 500 patients from different
+67nZpdl7vj4-00192-00053838-00054191 hospitals different states in the U.S
+67nZpdl7vj4-00193-00054191-00054515 all of them covid-19 patients and we
+67nZpdl7vj4-00194-00054516-00054832 validated that our models which were not
+67nZpdl7vj4-00195-00054833-00055259 trained on covid perform at the same uh
+67nZpdl7vj4-00196-00055260-00055642 performance on covid-19 patients
+67nZpdl7vj4-00197-00055644-00055882 and as you can see in our results here
+67nZpdl7vj4-00198-00055883-00056254 the two models performed very
+67nZpdl7vj4-00199-00056255-00056603 satisfyingly on all the cohorts what you
+67nZpdl7vj4-00200-00056604-00056771 see on the left is the respiratory
+67nZpdl7vj4-00201-00056772-00056994 failure model the prediction of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00202-00056995-00057311 intubation and mechanical ventilation in
+67nZpdl7vj4-00203-00057312-00057521 the next eight hours and on the right
+67nZpdl7vj4-00204-00057522-00057726 the hemodynamic instability model
+67nZpdl7vj4-00205-00057727-00057994 predicting uh the initiation of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00206-00057995-00058204 isopressor medications within the next
+67nZpdl7vj4-00207-00058205-00058415 eight hours
+67nZpdl7vj4-00208-00058416-00058769 uh for those of you who are not uh
+67nZpdl7vj4-00209-00058770-00058942 accustomed to watching this type of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00210-00058944-00059261 graphs this is what we call AUC or Roc
+67nZpdl7vj4-00211-00059262-00059603 curves which balance the the two
+67nZpdl7vj4-00212-00059604-00059987 important uh values of sensitivity and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00213-00059988-00060226 specificity because there is always a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00214-00060227-00060485 trade-off between them if you are very
+67nZpdl7vj4-00215-00060486-00060880 sensitive you lose specificity and vice
+67nZpdl7vj4-00216-00060882-00061150 versa and what you what you hope to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00217-00061151-00061487 achieve is a graph that goes as far as
+67nZpdl7vj4-00218-00061488-00061780 possible from this diagonal line the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00219-00061782-00062069 diagonal line means we have no idea it's
+67nZpdl7vj4-00220-00062070-00062332 just a 50 50 chances if I'm flipping a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00221-00062333-00062416 coin
+67nZpdl7vj4-00222-00062417-00062669 and you can see in the models both of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00223-00062670-00063035 them receive an AUC an area under the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00224-00063036-00063461 curve of almost 0.9 for all the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00225-00063462-00063844 populations both for the populations in
+67nZpdl7vj4-00226-00063845-00064115 UMass those are the populations where we
+67nZpdl7vj4-00227-00064116-00064307 created the model so there are two
+67nZpdl7vj4-00228-00064308-00064691 validation cohorts there but even
+67nZpdl7vj4-00229-00064691-00064961 considering the drop in performance when
+67nZpdl7vj4-00230-00064962-00065254 we move to a different hospital it is
+67nZpdl7vj4-00231-00065255-00065413 still around
+67nZpdl7vj4-00232-00065414-00065867 0.9 it falls to 0.86 and the same is
+67nZpdl7vj4-00233-00065868-00066238 true for the covid-19 okay in both
+67nZpdl7vj4-00234-00066239-00066647 models the covid-19 is the blue uh graph
+67nZpdl7vj4-00235-00066648-00067000 here what is interesting is that we
+67nZpdl7vj4-00236-00067001-00067373 found that not only do our models keep
+67nZpdl7vj4-00237-00067374-00067643 their performance on covid-19 patients
+67nZpdl7vj4-00238-00067644-00067925 it's even a little bit better than in
+67nZpdl7vj4-00239-00067926-00068141 the general population
+67nZpdl7vj4-00240-00068142-00068338 and we were wondering about it because
+67nZpdl7vj4-00241-00068339-00068569 this was a good surprise and the reason
+67nZpdl7vj4-00242-00068570-00068950 is that the frequency of the events
+67nZpdl7vj4-00243-00068951-00069203 frequency of their deteriorations in
+67nZpdl7vj4-00244-00069204-00069461 covid-19 patients was significantly
+67nZpdl7vj4-00245-00069462-00069767 higher there is simply more events more
+67nZpdl7vj4-00246-00069768-00070019 opportunities for the model to identify
+67nZpdl7vj4-00247-00070020-00070325 and because of that the performance in
+67nZpdl7vj4-00248-00070326-00070537 what we call real patient real
+67nZpdl7vj4-00249-00070538-00070793 deteriorating patients is even better
+67nZpdl7vj4-00250-00070794-00071032 than in the general population that
+67nZpdl7vj4-00251-00071033-00071321 includes many elective patients those
+67nZpdl7vj4-00252-00071322-00071609 who are staying in the ICU sometimes
+67nZpdl7vj4-00253-00071610-00071988 just for follow-up with no real critical
+67nZpdl7vj4-00254-00071989-00072431 clinical indication for that
+67nZpdl7vj4-00255-00072432-00072761 the next phase was to put these models
+67nZpdl7vj4-00256-00072762-00073061 into a product that can help clinicians
+67nZpdl7vj4-00257-00073062-00073355 both in tele ICU settings and in ICU
+67nZpdl7vj4-00258-00073356-00073649 settings use the models uh for their
+67nZpdl7vj4-00259-00073650-00073799 routine
+67nZpdl7vj4-00260-00073800-00074063 now the product that we created which is
+67nZpdl7vj4-00261-00074064-00074447 called clue ICU is EMR agnostic we can
+67nZpdl7vj4-00262-00074448-00074723 work with any EMR system
+67nZpdl7vj4-00263-00074724-00074963 it is cloud-based meaning it is
+67nZpdl7vj4-00264-00074964-00075250 accessible from the web of course if you
+67nZpdl7vj4-00265-00075251-00075503 have the right authorization but you
+67nZpdl7vj4-00266-00075504-00075767 don't need any hardware for it you just
+67nZpdl7vj4-00267-00075768-00076126 type in or click the link and you're in
+67nZpdl7vj4-00268-00076127-00076288 the system
+67nZpdl7vj4-00269-00076289-00076594 it supports a very customizable workflow
+67nZpdl7vj4-00270-00076595-00076882 so it's very flexible I will show you a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00271-00076883-00077165 little bit of that soon and it relies on
+67nZpdl7vj4-00272-00077166-00077381 the AI predictive models that we created
+67nZpdl7vj4-00273-00077382-00077669 and I showed you earlier
+67nZpdl7vj4-00274-00077670-00077987 this product has received both FDA
+67nZpdl7vj4-00275-00077988-00078209 clearance and CE clearance in the last
+67nZpdl7vj4-00276-00078210-00078491 several weeks so that we're right now in
+67nZpdl7vj4-00277-00078492-00078676 the beginning of the marketing stage for
+67nZpdl7vj4-00278-00078677-00079156 the product both in the US and in Europe
+67nZpdl7vj4-00279-00079157-00079487 as I said the system is the product is
+67nZpdl7vj4-00280-00079488-00079781 cloud-based you enter your username and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00281-00079782-00080069 password this is the entry screen and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00282-00080070-00080381 then you reach this screen which is what
+67nZpdl7vj4-00283-00080382-00080579 we call the unit View
+67nZpdl7vj4-00284-00080580-00080861 on the outer area you see multiple units
+67nZpdl7vj4-00285-00080862-00081053 it could be either units in the same
+67nZpdl7vj4-00286-00081054-00081311 hospital or in different locations in a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00287-00081312-00081623 network as I said in this case in this
+67nZpdl7vj4-00288-00081624-00081941 example this is a demo showing a tele
+67nZpdl7vj4-00289-00081942-00082187 ICU Network
+67nZpdl7vj4-00290-00082188-00082469 um the UMass Memorial in Boston which
+67nZpdl7vj4-00291-00082470-00082787 has seven different hospitals with ICU
+67nZpdl7vj4-00292-00082788-00082997 units and you can just move between them
+67nZpdl7vj4-00293-00082998-00083332 but for each unit what you see and this
+67nZpdl7vj4-00294-00083333-00083567 is based on the three models
+67nZpdl7vj4-00295-00083568-00083867 is a classification of the patient into
+67nZpdl7vj4-00296-00083868-00084311 three risk groups this does not mean the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00297-00084312-00084544 situation of the patient right now this
+67nZpdl7vj4-00298-00084545-00084797 is the crystal ball that gives us a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00299-00084798-00085025 prediction of what is about to happen to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00300-00085026-00085282 the patients in the next eight hours and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00301-00085283-00085535 we see here two patients in the high
+67nZpdl7vj4-00302-00085536-00085847 risk area marked in red and these two
+67nZpdl7vj4-00303-00085848-00086135 patients are at very high probability of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00304-00086136-00086375 deteriorating in this case both of them
+67nZpdl7vj4-00305-00086376-00086705 to hemodynamic instability within the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00306-00086706-00086932 next eight hours they have not yet
+67nZpdl7vj4-00307-00086933-00087209 developed chalk but we predict that they
+67nZpdl7vj4-00308-00087210-00087526 will do it in the next eight hours
+67nZpdl7vj4-00309-00087527-00087862 in the middle we see moderate risk which
+67nZpdl7vj4-00310-00087863-00088132 could be either patients that have not
+67nZpdl7vj4-00311-00088133-00088373 crossed the threshold so the model does
+67nZpdl7vj4-00312-00088374-00088612 not predict it or patients that are
+67nZpdl7vj4-00313-00088613-00088925 already treated so we see two ventilated
+67nZpdl7vj4-00314-00088926-00089141 patients and one who's already on
+67nZpdl7vj4-00315-00089142-00089411 vasopressors and for those patients of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00316-00089412-00089644 course there is no need to predict that
+67nZpdl7vj4-00317-00089645-00089825 event in the future because it already
+67nZpdl7vj4-00318-00089826-00089993 happened
+67nZpdl7vj4-00319-00089994-00090256 and the third group of patients are the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00320-00090257-00090461 low risk patients those are the patients
+67nZpdl7vj4-00321-00090462-00090706 that the third model predicts will
+67nZpdl7vj4-00322-00090707-00090937 remain stable in the next eight hours
+67nZpdl7vj4-00323-00090938-00091265 and do not require sorry will not
+67nZpdl7vj4-00324-00091266-00091553 require any significant clinical
+67nZpdl7vj4-00325-00091554-00091726 intervention
+67nZpdl7vj4-00326-00091727-00091949 now I'm sure all of you as clinicians
+67nZpdl7vj4-00327-00091950-00092165 can think immediately of the use cases
+67nZpdl7vj4-00328-00092166-00092549 of such a brand new and novel view the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00329-00092550-00092905 first obvious use case is of course
+67nZpdl7vj4-00330-00092906-00093232 moving and going to examine and treat
+67nZpdl7vj4-00331-00093233-00093593 those high risk patient since I have an
+67nZpdl7vj4-00332-00093594-00093911 early uh an ability to for early
+67nZpdl7vj4-00333-00093912-00094181 intervention we hope this and we believe
+67nZpdl7vj4-00334-00094182-00094381 this will lead to better outcome
+67nZpdl7vj4-00335-00094382-00094750 hopefully if I intervene early I might
+67nZpdl7vj4-00336-00094751-00094979 present that outcome from happening
+67nZpdl7vj4-00337-00094980-00095303 perhaps if I give some Ivy fluid bolus
+67nZpdl7vj4-00338-00095304-00095800 or identify the bleeding early I might
+67nZpdl7vj4-00339-00095801-00096053 present the outcome of the patient
+67nZpdl7vj4-00340-00096054-00096232 developing hemodynamic shock and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00341-00096233-00096599 requiring vasopressors by the early
+67nZpdl7vj4-00342-00096600-00096887 identification of the patient or perhaps
+67nZpdl7vj4-00343-00096888-00097181 I can prevent the intubation
+67nZpdl7vj4-00344-00097182-00097426 but even if we do not prevent an
+67nZpdl7vj4-00345-00097427-00097685 intubation from happening this is still
+67nZpdl7vj4-00346-00097686-00097918 very useful and we've seen that in the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00347-00097919-00098171 covid area because the ability to know
+67nZpdl7vj4-00348-00098172-00098381 in advance that the patient will need
+67nZpdl7vj4-00349-00098382-00098687 will require intubation allows us to go
+67nZpdl7vj4-00350-00098688-00098909 to use safety measures for the staff
+67nZpdl7vj4-00351-00098910-00099125 allows us to move the patient to a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00352-00099126-00099293 different location from other patient
+67nZpdl7vj4-00353-00099294-00099556 allows us to call for a more experienced
+67nZpdl7vj4-00354-00099557-00099929 clinician to perform the intubation
+67nZpdl7vj4-00355-00099930-00100181 so these are the obvious interventions
+67nZpdl7vj4-00356-00100182-00100438 for the high risk patients but let's
+67nZpdl7vj4-00357-00100439-00100679 think about the low risk patients
+67nZpdl7vj4-00358-00100680-00101044 we know that in many many events ICU
+67nZpdl7vj4-00359-00101045-00101418 beds are full and are always in Need For
+67nZpdl7vj4-00360-00101419-00101765 by other patients coming from the Ed or
+67nZpdl7vj4-00361-00101766-00101885 from the floors
+67nZpdl7vj4-00362-00101886-00102118 the stable patients are the most obvious
+67nZpdl7vj4-00363-00102119-00102256 ones
+67nZpdl7vj4-00364-00102257-00102575 to be ready for discharge now I do not
+67nZpdl7vj4-00365-00102576-00102839 say that my model predicts everything or
+67nZpdl7vj4-00366-00102840-00103090 that they are discharge ready that is
+67nZpdl7vj4-00367-00103091-00103258 one of the clinicians in the states who
+67nZpdl7vj4-00368-00103259-00103499 have used the system told us is a very
+67nZpdl7vj4-00369-00103500-00103786 experienced intensivist he told us even
+67nZpdl7vj4-00370-00103788-00104032 if I think from my experience that this
+67nZpdl7vj4-00371-00104033-00104327 patient is Disturbed ready it is still
+67nZpdl7vj4-00372-00104328-00104590 very good for me to have a small angel
+67nZpdl7vj4-00373-00104591-00104903 on my shoulder as he called it or an AI
+67nZpdl7vj4-00374-00104904-00105166 system saying yes I agree with you
+67nZpdl7vj4-00375-00105167-00105316 nothing is going to happen to the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00376-00105317-00105569 patient in the next eight hours so this
+67nZpdl7vj4-00377-00105570-00105766 is very useful for looking at the most
+67nZpdl7vj4-00378-00105767-00106060 obvious choice for patients to be moved
+67nZpdl7vj4-00379-00106061-00106336 to the uh step down unit or to the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00380-00106338-00106577 floors but there are other use cases as
+67nZpdl7vj4-00381-00106578-00106858 well for example how to allocate my
+67nZpdl7vj4-00382-00106859-00107171 staff this is the first time that I can
+67nZpdl7vj4-00383-00107172-00107423 allocate my nurses for example in the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00384-00107424-00107710 ICU not just according to the number of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00385-00107711-00107951 patients but according to their Acuity
+67nZpdl7vj4-00386-00107952-00108131 and what is about to happen in the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00387-00108132-00108334 coming shift I will will of course
+67nZpdl7vj4-00388-00108335-00108701 prefer to use my more experienced nurses
+67nZpdl7vj4-00389-00108702-00108934 on those patients who are about to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00390-00108935-00109127 deteriorate who I know might cause
+67nZpdl7vj4-00391-00109128-00109445 problems within the next shift while for
+67nZpdl7vj4-00392-00109446-00109654 the less experienced nurses or nurses
+67nZpdl7vj4-00393-00109655-00109877 who are filling in and are not ICU
+67nZpdl7vj4-00394-00109878-00110254 nurses I might allocate the stable
+67nZpdl7vj4-00395-00110255-00110602 patients I might also consider giving
+67nZpdl7vj4-00396-00110603-00110915 more than two patients per nurse if they
+67nZpdl7vj4-00397-00110916-00111173 are predicted to remain stable
+67nZpdl7vj4-00398-00111174-00111383 so this is the first screen but of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00399-00111383-00111533 course this is not all we have in the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00400-00111533-00111719 product the second screen is the patient
+67nZpdl7vj4-00401-00111720-00112001 view the patient view allows us to focus
+67nZpdl7vj4-00402-00112002-00112247 on one specific patient any of the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00403-00112248-00112540 patients in the system and understand in
+67nZpdl7vj4-00404-00112541-00112847 one view almost everything that has
+67nZpdl7vj4-00405-00112848-00113063 happened to the patient in any time
+67nZpdl7vj4-00406-00113064-00113345 Point throughout the stay as well as
+67nZpdl7vj4-00407-00113346-00113621 what is about to happen so we have an
+67nZpdl7vj4-00408-00113622-00113873 area here of the labs and clinical
+67nZpdl7vj4-00409-00113874-00114131 scores and whatever
+67nZpdl7vj4-00410-00114132-00114197 um
+67nZpdl7vj4-00411-00114198-00114497 um value I hover on I can see the trend
+67nZpdl7vj4-00412-00114498-00114773 over the last several days
+67nZpdl7vj4-00413-00114774-00115102 below that I have an area with graphs
+67nZpdl7vj4-00414-00115103-00115421 but although it looks like a monitor it
+67nZpdl7vj4-00415-00115422-00115601 is very different from a monitor that
+67nZpdl7vj4-00416-00115602-00115816 only keeps the data for the last several
+67nZpdl7vj4-00417-00115817-00116093 minutes I can zoom in and zoom out in
+67nZpdl7vj4-00418-00116094-00116381 time with this ruler and if I zoom out I
+67nZpdl7vj4-00419-00116382-00116807 can even see several weeks of data and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00420-00116808-00117071 I'm also very flexible about the type of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00421-00117072-00117347 data that I present because on the left
+67nZpdl7vj4-00422-00117348-00117647 you have here several menus and you can
+67nZpdl7vj4-00423-00117648-00117928 just drag anything you want from it add
+67nZpdl7vj4-00424-00117929-00118216 it to the graphs remove anything you're
+67nZpdl7vj4-00425-00118217-00118504 not interested in and show also the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00426-00118505-00118660 medications that the patient is
+67nZpdl7vj4-00427-00118661-00118913 receiving for example
+67nZpdl7vj4-00428-00118914-00119189 um uh the antibiotics if I click on that
+67nZpdl7vj4-00429-00119190-00119416 in the real live version it will open
+67nZpdl7vj4-00430-00119417-00119645 the types of antibiotics from where to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00431-00119646-00119801 where the patient receives it the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00432-00119802-00120016 vasopressors Etc
+67nZpdl7vj4-00433-00120017-00120245 there are many other features in the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00434-00120246-00120460 system and in the platform and I'll be
+67nZpdl7vj4-00435-00120461-00120665 happy to give for those of you who are
+67nZpdl7vj4-00436-00120666-00120983 interested a full demo and at the end of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00437-00120983-00121228 the presentation you will have the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00438-00121229-00121475 contact for that the last thing I want
+67nZpdl7vj4-00439-00121476-00121789 to show is what we call in the work list
+67nZpdl7vj4-00440-00121790-00122195 screen the best practices now the work
+67nZpdl7vj4-00441-00122196-00122495 list screen is the screen through which
+67nZpdl7vj4-00442-00122496-00122777 you've uh focused on your all your
+67nZpdl7vj4-00443-00122778-00123107 proactive intervention you when you work
+67nZpdl7vj4-00444-00123108-00123336 in front of this screen you can work
+67nZpdl7vj4-00445-00123338-00123652 proactively uh instead of just reacting
+67nZpdl7vj4-00446-00123653-00123875 to the patients first of all we have
+67nZpdl7vj4-00447-00123876-00124078 here a collection of all the alerts all
+67nZpdl7vj4-00448-00124079-00124265 the notifications in the system all the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00449-00124266-00124445 high risk patients as well as an ability
+67nZpdl7vj4-00450-00124446-00124757 to add manually other high-risk patients
+67nZpdl7vj4-00451-00124758-00125008 that you want to focus on not just by
+67nZpdl7vj4-00452-00125009-00125134 the models
+67nZpdl7vj4-00453-00125135-00125321 but what I want to show you is the best
+67nZpdl7vj4-00454-00125322-00125590 practices over here best practices are
+67nZpdl7vj4-00455-00125591-00125921 simply smart lists that identify
+67nZpdl7vj4-00456-00125922-00126058 patients
+67nZpdl7vj4-00457-00126059-00126340 suiting your definitions for what you
+67nZpdl7vj4-00458-00126341-00126581 want to focus on let's say for example
+67nZpdl7vj4-00459-00126582-00126845 that one Hospital wants to focus on
+67nZpdl7vj4-00460-00126846-00127073 identifying which patients that are
+67nZpdl7vj4-00461-00127074-00127349 ventilated might be ready to start the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00462-00127350-00127558 peep winning protocol
+67nZpdl7vj4-00463-00127559-00127816 it means that I want to constantly look
+67nZpdl7vj4-00464-00127817-00128033 at the patients and identify when they
+67nZpdl7vj4-00465-00128033-00128375 have an spo2 above a certain threshold
+67nZpdl7vj4-00466-00128376-00128813 with a specific fio2 and Peep and if it
+67nZpdl7vj4-00467-00128814-00129040 crosses the thresholds of the criteria
+67nZpdl7vj4-00468-00129041-00129407 that you define then that moment the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00469-00129408-00129707 patient is added to the list again I do
+67nZpdl7vj4-00470-00129708-00129886 not write to say what the best practices
+67nZpdl7vj4-00471-00129888-00130151 or guidelines are I just give you a very
+67nZpdl7vj4-00472-00130152-00130414 flexible tool for identifying patients
+67nZpdl7vj4-00473-00130415-00130660 according to what you define
+67nZpdl7vj4-00474-00130661-00130895 this allows early identification of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00475-00130896-00131116 patients perhaps ready to start the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00476-00131117-00131381 winning and excavation protocol there
+67nZpdl7vj4-00477-00131382-00131561 are also and these are just examples
+67nZpdl7vj4-00478-00131562-00131837 best practices for identifying patients
+67nZpdl7vj4-00479-00131838-00132016 who need
+67nZpdl7vj4-00480-00132017-00132214 um perhaps an intervention with
+67nZpdl7vj4-00481-00132215-00132443 short-term lines and catheters perhaps
+67nZpdl7vj4-00482-00132444-00132763 the catheter or the line has been
+67nZpdl7vj4-00483-00132764-00133061 inserted a long time ago or perhaps the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00484-00133062-00133247 patient is showing some type of
+67nZpdl7vj4-00485-00133248-00133373 infection
+67nZpdl7vj4-00486-00133374-00133540 there are many other ideas for Best
+67nZpdl7vj4-00487-00133541-00133804 Practices but mostly we're interested in
+67nZpdl7vj4-00488-00133805-00134254 receiving uh demands and ideas for Best
+67nZpdl7vj4-00489-00134255-00134483 Practices that we can supply within a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00490-00134484-00134693 day or two
+67nZpdl7vj4-00491-00134694-00134909 what's next with clue
+67nZpdl7vj4-00492-00134910-00135227 clue is about to look outside the ICU
+67nZpdl7vj4-00493-00135228-00135478 and this is still in development but our
+67nZpdl7vj4-00494-00135479-00135635 next phase is what we call the control
+67nZpdl7vj4-00495-00135636-00135893 tower looking at the entire Hospital not
+67nZpdl7vj4-00496-00135894-00136187 just ICU patients to give complete
+67nZpdl7vj4-00497-00136188-00136445 Hospital situational awareness
+67nZpdl7vj4-00498-00136446-00136757 and just like air traffic control Towers
+67nZpdl7vj4-00499-00136758-00136943 what we want to do in the entire
+67nZpdl7vj4-00500-00136944-00137309 hospital is assist the throughput assist
+67nZpdl7vj4-00501-00137310-00137597 as many patients as possible to move
+67nZpdl7vj4-00502-00137598-00137801 through the hospital at the shortest
+67nZpdl7vj4-00503-00137802-00138154 time but without sacrificing safety and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00504-00138155-00138533 quality exactly like an airplane we want
+67nZpdl7vj4-00505-00138534-00138731 to add as many planes as possible
+67nZpdl7vj4-00506-00138732-00139085 through the air region without the need
+67nZpdl7vj4-00507-00139086-00139313 to add more Terminals and more runways
+67nZpdl7vj4-00508-00139314-00139481 or in the hospital without the need to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00509-00139482-00139775 Mo to add more beds and more staff
+67nZpdl7vj4-00510-00139776-00139966 this is something we're already working
+67nZpdl7vj4-00511-00139967-00140297 on again this is not a ready product but
+67nZpdl7vj4-00512-00140298-00140447 it will give what we call a
+67nZpdl7vj4-00513-00140448-00140747 three-dimension uh situational awareness
+67nZpdl7vj4-00514-00140748-00141011 first of all the occupancy in the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00515-00141012-00141209 hospital how many patients there are
+67nZpdl7vj4-00516-00141210-00141461 right now but also a prediction of how
+67nZpdl7vj4-00517-00141462-00141652 many patients are about to be in the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00518-00141653-00141983 hospital tomorrow or in 48 Hours by
+67nZpdl7vj4-00519-00141984-00142289 prediction models of both discharges and
+67nZpdl7vj4-00520-00142290-00142427 admissions
+67nZpdl7vj4-00521-00142428-00142702 but occupancy alone does not say
+67nZpdl7vj4-00522-00142703-00143014 anything two units can be with the same
+67nZpdl7vj4-00523-00143015-00143237 occupancy but very different in their
+67nZpdl7vj4-00524-00143238-00143483 complexity in one unit the patients are
+67nZpdl7vj4-00525-00143484-00143687 deteriorating while in the other units
+67nZpdl7vj4-00526-00143688-00143963 the patients are stable and also in the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00527-00143964-00144190 resource consumption let's say that in
+67nZpdl7vj4-00528-00144191-00144451 one unit all the patients are
+67nZpdl7vj4-00529-00144452-00144701 bedridden and receive only IV
+67nZpdl7vj4-00530-00144702-00145001 medications well in another unit all the
+67nZpdl7vj4-00531-00145002-00145264 patients are independent receive only
+67nZpdl7vj4-00532-00145265-00145487 per us medications and need very little
+67nZpdl7vj4-00533-00145488-00145721 nursing attention
+67nZpdl7vj4-00534-00145722-00145997 so only those three aspects together
+67nZpdl7vj4-00535-00145998-00146285 created the full three-dimensional or
+67nZpdl7vj4-00536-00146286-00146489 even four-dimensional if we look into
+67nZpdl7vj4-00537-00146490-00146927 the future situational awareness
+67nZpdl7vj4-00538-00146928-00147340 all our products and all our models rely
+67nZpdl7vj4-00539-00147341-00147587 on some under the hood machine learning
+67nZpdl7vj4-00540-00147588-00147811 methods which are top of the art
+67nZpdl7vj4-00541-00147812-00148066 basically it's clustering anomaly
+67nZpdl7vj4-00542-00148067-00148313 detection and as I said supervised
+67nZpdl7vj4-00543-00148314-00148589 machine learning predictive models but
+67nZpdl7vj4-00544-00148590-00148889 also semi-supervised even going to
+67nZpdl7vj4-00545-00148890-00149254 neural networks
+67nZpdl7vj4-00546-00149255-00149645 thank you everyone and I'm happy to give
+67nZpdl7vj4-00547-00149646-00149890 a full demo for anyone who's interesting
+67nZpdl7vj4-00548-00149891-00150119 you're welcome to copy either our
+67nZpdl7vj4-00549-00150120-00150419 website or our email and request for
+67nZpdl7vj4-00550-00150420-00150664 demos and I'm happy to answer any
+67nZpdl7vj4-00551-00150665-00151136 questions uh available thank you
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00000-00000368-00000709 Chris like who the hell are you playing
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00001-00000710-00000989 I want I'm Chris my day job is ur sis
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00002-00000990-00001294 I'm not very arty I suppose what I do i
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00003-00001295-00001540 do I do a lot of cybercrime research I'm
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00004-00001541-00001855 expert in darknet markets credit card
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00005-00001857-00002291 fraud and online drug trade and I in
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00006-00002292-00002504 Crete I'm I'm also involved in futurist
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00007-00002505-00002767 politics and very various areas and I've
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00008-00002768-00002945 got I'm a member of the UK pirate party
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00009-00002946-00003115 which is a small organization these days
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00010-00003116-00003296 we're a bit more of a lobbyist
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00011-00003297-00003542 organization than a political parties of
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00012-00003543-00003797 late and obviously we campaign for
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00013-00003797-00003985 copyright reform dish will write some
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00014-00003986-00004343 numerous areas and obviously we think um
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00015-00004344-00004645 this concept of ownership has to be
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00016-00004646-00004822 right by default the idea that you have
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00017-00004823-00004954 to ask permission for everything is
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00018-00004955-00005183 holding back innovation is holding back
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00019-00005184-00005438 holding back culture is a mechanism for
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00020-00005439-00005797 censorship and is a bad thing in bed
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00021-00005798-00006059 broad sense and very interested in you
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00022-00006060-00006275 know we was like saying about you know
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00023-00006276-00006481 he's copying the future or becoming a
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00024-00006483-00006701 normalized thing in the arts
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00025-00006702-00006881 preservation but in it in everything
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00026-00006881-00007127 obviously with the internet and yeah
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00027-00007128-00007289 just don't be interesting to see what us
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00028-00007290-00007681 will get really Chris first and in
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00029-00007683-00008173 relation to how how perhaps speaking
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00030-00008173-00008417 mostly in terms of your work with the
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00031-00008418-00008627 pirate party how do you how do you feel
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00032-00008628-00009103 that the the copyright patent law and
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00033-00009104-00009478 prevents dissemination sure well if you
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00034-00009479-00009763 internet is a copying machine and it is
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00035-00009764-00009928 not there if people talk about the
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00036-00009929-00010103 transfer of information they talk about
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00037-00010104-00010270 sending an email they talk about
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00038-00010271-00010538 downloading uploading but fundamentally
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00039-00010539-00010678 is copying every direction this is
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00040-00010679-00010849 fundamental what the internet is based
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00041-00010850-00011003 on and what what what the underlying
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00042-00011004-00011342 technology works and this is obviously
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00043-00011343-00011528 being very disruptive in many many
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00044-00011529-00011885 fields obviously the one which paint
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00045-00011886-00012038 most people know just people downloading
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00046-00012039-00012269 films and TV shows etc but everything
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00047-00012270-00012533 from computing software to any any
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00048-00012534-00012745 information suddenly this copying
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00049-00012746-00012968 machine is seizures out of control by
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00050-00012969-00013196 the need medic many people and not not
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00051-00013197-00013427 no longer a force for good and this
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00052-00013428-00013563 wouldn't be wouldn't be a problem
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00053-00013565-00013783 per se if it wasn't for the extensive
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00054-00013784-00014094 lobbying but a buyer people that you
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00055-00014095-00014278 know in the film industry and so on and
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00056-00014279-00014556 so forth to turn copyright into weapon a
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00057-00014557-00014814 weapon of a censorship of weapon or
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00058-00014815-00015036 blocking and wearing a monitoring weapon
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00059-00015037-00015499 of control and this is really it it's
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00060-00015500-00015799 scary how powerful it's got this has got
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00061-00015800-00016000 to in order to achieve quite I wouldn't
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00062-00016001-00016086 you know I'm sure we agree quite
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00063-00016087-00016284 laudable aims of ensuring that people
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00064-00016285-00016552 are compensated and under fair fair
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00065-00016553-00016783 frameworks for work but it's turned into
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00066-00016784-00017078 a vehicle for suing people monetizing
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00067-00017079-00017377 monetizing what people are doing and it
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00068-00017378-00017586 is out i would argue us that is that is
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00069-00017587-00017811 out of control and what you know i'm
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00070-00017812-00017964 sure you know I give at these are quite
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00071-00017965-00018196 reasonable reasonable systems for it
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00072-00018197-00018483 with laudable ethical girls but maybe
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00073-00018484-00018759 maybe maybe not I don't know um I went
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00074-00018760-00019078 in to judge but um it's going to be a
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00075-00019079-00019281 yes I know we live we live in this world
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00076-00019282-00019455 where literally will be aware we have up
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00077-00019456-00019578 to seven billion people connect to this
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00078-00019579-00019764 giant copying machine and we have a
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00079-00019765-00019978 system which light tries to license
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00080-00019979-00020190 monetize this and inevitably we have a
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00081-00020191-00020503 conflict there so I think it's time to
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00082-00020504-00020653 have a good look at this and sing and
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00083-00020654-00020830 think about well what does this mean for
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00084-00020831-00021159 ownership what does this mean for you
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00085-00021160-00021346 know for these for these frameworks and
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00086-00021347-00021540 I think it's time to change them I mean
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00087-00021541-00021672 you met you remember where now we had
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00088-00021673-00021855 nap stem he would download download
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00089-00021856-00022008 everything of the internet for free and
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00090-00022009-00022158 then p everyone stopped making music and
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00091-00022159-00022450 there's no more music anymore yeah well
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00092-00022451-00022789 that's not the case it is it we have
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00093-00022790-00023019 theirs we have more music available to
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00094-00023020-00023250 us at any time in history be it off
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00095-00023251-00023397 frequently free legal legal channels
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00096-00023398-00023650 like Spotify or through netflix etc we
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00097-00023651-00023856 can watch quality content what we want
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00098-00023857-00024087 we pay for it and want to pay for it you
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00099-00024088-00024286 know most people set will say oh yeah I
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00100-00024287-00024465 don't want to download that oh isn't it
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00101-00024466-00024580 go out and get us some netflix than
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00102-00024581-00024771 greatest on Spotify distance my players
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00103-00024772-00024946 to cetera we're sharing our music with
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00104-00024947-00025140 we're paying for a music we are
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00105-00025141-00025386 supporting us as we love and this you
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00106-00025387-00025600 know this is a much broader variety of
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00107-00025601-00025900 artists now you know i'm sure i mean i'm
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00108-00025901-00026019 sure you all have friends here you
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00109-00026020-00026143 listen to those bands that you know you
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00110-00026144-00026245 haven't heard of course you're not cool
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00111-00026245-00026569 enough right that's that depth but
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00112-00026570-00026787 that's and that's something that said
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00113-00026788-00026995 so of the way we live like we live in
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00114-00026995-00027145 today we're with choice and people
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00115-00027145-00027324 making music primarily because I love it
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00116-00027325-00027508 and many of them do get compensated but
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00117-00027508-00027676 many of them don't the centralized
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00118-00027677-00027870 models whereby you know you approach
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00119-00027871-00028101 your label etc and you get signed and
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00120-00028102-00028293 then that's what goes out and HMV and
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00121-00028294-00028437 that's what's in the top ten that's what
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00122-00028438-00028599 the kids listen to these days that's
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00123-00028600-00029029 gone you know these um exactly bees are
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00124-00029030-00029392 gone and this is not this is not due to
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00125-00029393-00029562 the protection interests protect us
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00126-00029563-00029710 interests of working it's used to be
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00127-00029711-00029932 failing and adapting and that that's
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00128-00029933-00030108 actually that's a really good thing but
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00129-00030109-00030267 of course they said every time every
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00130-00030268-00030508 time no one produce anything what about
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00131-00030508-00030817 the artists etc etc and it's nonsense
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00132-00030818-00031183 yeah I mean we are at say a cusp of a
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00133-00031183-00031354 pianist are you going to be a media
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00134-00031355-00031602 crisis over over 3d printing everything
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00135-00031603-00031893 from printing guns to people downloading
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00136-00031894-00032190 patented designs people printing people
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00137-00032191-00032311 then print their own t-shirts at home
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00138-00032312-00032476 and people going to say home t-shirt
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00139-00032477-00032689 printing is killing Primark on something
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00140-00032689-00032946 you know and it will it'll be great we
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00141-00032947-00033076 don't know it will be like it'll be like
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00142-00033077-00033246 it'll be low end ago goes first and
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00143-00033247-00033432 these t-shirts will be cheaper now be
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00144-00033433-00033673 tacky and the last about 10 washes and
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00145-00033674-00033832 you throw them away and they'll still be
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00146-00033833-00033973 popular in us to be more still be better
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00147-00033974-00034417 in Primark for example but then this you
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00148-00034418-00034570 know this we only we're not far away
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00149-00034571-00034740 from this but then more people step in
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00150-00034741-00034885 and we'll they subsidize them as say no
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00151-00034886-00035136 the sweatshop workers in India would
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00152-00035137-00035283 lose their jobs for a Primark and
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00153-00035284-00035520 therefore we must subsidize them and ban
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00154-00035521-00035749 3d printers from doing this and we must
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00155-00035750-00036033 protect our economy or will we accept
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00156-00036034-00036180 that we're living in a world of
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00157-00036181-00036408 incredible technological change and we
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00158-00036409-00036586 need to adapt and anticipate take this
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00159-00036587-00036901 right now and not Leslie protects our
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00160-00036902-00037080 economies and look at the innovation
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00161-00037081-00037399 just this can lead to I mean I I'm
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00162-00037400-00037585 nervously I advocate a hyper Kate the
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00163-00037586-00037839 latter here but that's not usually how
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00164-00037840-00037968 the government works usually really
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00165-00037969-00038161 reactive and protective and you know in
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00166-00038162-00038280 terms of what the lobbyists and
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00167-00038281-00038467 interests a knot and what's you know
+6q9CLmcQa_M-00168-00038468-00038733 most innovative
+6srtEYlkiw4-00000-00000179-00002352 [Music]
+6srtEYlkiw4-00001-00002353-00002747 and also a business premises and no
+6srtEYlkiw4-00002-00002748-00002971 action has been taken by this police
+6srtEYlkiw4-00003-00002972-00003329 officers against them
+6srtEYlkiw4-00004-00003329-00003520 it is instructive
+6srtEYlkiw4-00005-00003521-00003695 that to date
+6srtEYlkiw4-00006-00003696-00003953 nobody has been arrested over that
+6srtEYlkiw4-00007-00003954-00004181 innovation of the farm
+6srtEYlkiw4-00008-00004182-00004445 nobody has been arrested or the
+6srtEYlkiw4-00009-00004446-00004595 destruction of Specter International
+6srtEYlkiw4-00010-00004596-00004745 Factory
+6srtEYlkiw4-00011-00004746-00005135 by guns
+6srtEYlkiw4-00012-00005136-00005291 the state
+6srtEYlkiw4-00013-00005292-00005477 cannot support
+6srtEYlkiw4-00014-00005478-00005777 to burn our activities on the grounds
+6srtEYlkiw4-00015-00005778-00006083 that it is protecting public property
+6srtEYlkiw4-00016-00006084-00006395 while at the same time sponsoring the
+6srtEYlkiw4-00017-00006396-00006605 destruction of property in another
+6srtEYlkiw4-00018-00006606-00006875 corner of the city
+6srtEYlkiw4-00019-00006876-00007217 so this
+6srtEYlkiw4-00020-00007218-00007451 the musicians as I've mentioned are
+6srtEYlkiw4-00021-00007452-00007745 going to be peaceful depositions
+6srtEYlkiw4-00022-00007745-00008045 Mr Ruto even today has repeated
+6srtEYlkiw4-00023-00008045-00008351 that they are trans band that is going
+6srtEYlkiw4-00024-00008352-00008585 to protect people's properties we assure
+6srtEYlkiw4-00025-00008586-00008663 him
+6srtEYlkiw4-00026-00008664-00008860 there's going to be no destruction of
+6srtEYlkiw4-00027-00008861-00009010 people's properties
+6srtEYlkiw4-00028-00009011-00009245 that is just an excuse
+6srtEYlkiw4-00029-00009246-00009473 we assume Mr gachagawa there will be no
+6srtEYlkiw4-00030-00009474-00009737 destruction of people's properties
+6srtEYlkiw4-00031-00009738-00010019 of people have been told to be peaceful
+6srtEYlkiw4-00032-00010020-00010235 they're not even going to go
+6srtEYlkiw4-00033-00010236-00010523 to where people's purposes are we're not
+6srtEYlkiw4-00034-00010524-00010733 going to Market you're not going to
+6srtEYlkiw4-00035-00010734-00010991 shops you say you're going to assemble
+6srtEYlkiw4-00036-00010992-00011188 at the Central Park in the city of
+6srtEYlkiw4-00037-00011189-00011296 Nairobi
+6srtEYlkiw4-00038-00011297-00011603 and March to the IBC headquarters
+6srtEYlkiw4-00039-00011604-00011921 are present a petition there
+6srtEYlkiw4-00040-00011922-00012149 much difference is the president along
+6srtEYlkiw4-00041-00012150-00012287 Uhuru Highway
+6srtEYlkiw4-00042-00012288-00012641 and and present a petition
+6srtEYlkiw4-00043-00012642-00012893 and also go to the treasure buildings
+6srtEYlkiw4-00044-00012894-00013108 there are no businesses along those
+6srtEYlkiw4-00045-00013109-00013415 streets so therefore nobody should come
+6srtEYlkiw4-00046-00013416-00013643 up with the excuse that they're going to
+6srtEYlkiw4-00047-00013644-00013841 protect people's properties tomorrow
+6srtEYlkiw4-00048-00013841-00014038 they want to take this country to the
+6srtEYlkiw4-00049-00014040-00014285 dark days when people are not allowed to
+6srtEYlkiw4-00050-00014286-00014555 protest or too much
+6srtEYlkiw4-00051-00014556-00014807 I invite them to see what is happening
+6srtEYlkiw4-00052-00014808-00014953 in France
+6srtEYlkiw4-00053-00014954-00015208 citizens have been demonstrating
+6srtEYlkiw4-00054-00015209-00015443 in buying retires on the streets in
+6srtEYlkiw4-00055-00015444-00015521 France
+6srtEYlkiw4-00056-00015522-00015736 and they are protected by the police
+6srtEYlkiw4-00057-00015737-00015958 they've been demonstrating in Europe in
+6srtEYlkiw4-00058-00015959-00016133 in Britain
+6srtEYlkiw4-00059-00016134-00016427 they've been devastating in Israel
+6srtEYlkiw4-00060-00016428-00016793 they've been demonstrating even in Japan
+6srtEYlkiw4-00061-00016794-00017069 so we want to tell these people that
+6srtEYlkiw4-00062-00017070-00017303 Kenya fought very hard to bring this new
+6srtEYlkiw4-00063-00017304-00017436 constitution
+6srtEYlkiw4-00064-00017437-00017753 we will ensure that the provision of
+6srtEYlkiw4-00065-00017754-00018035 this constitution are protected the
+6srtEYlkiw4-00066-00018036-00018280 civil rights of the people of Kenya must
+6srtEYlkiw4-00067-00018281-00018521 be respected by whoever is in regime
+6srtEYlkiw4-00068-00018522-00018767 unless they want to impose
+6srtEYlkiw4-00069-00018768-00019163 a kind of Civilian dictionary back on
+6srtEYlkiw4-00070-00019164-00019277 our people
+6srtEYlkiw4-00071-00019278-00019661 Asante Nissan end of the statement
+6srtEYlkiw4-00073-00025662-00026128 Anna
+6srtEYlkiw4-00074-00026129-00026651 West TV Network
+6srtEYlkiw4-00077-00037902-00038074 Center
+6srtEYlkiw4-00078-00038075-00040468 subscribe
+6srtEYlkiw4-00079-00040469-00041117 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00080-00041118-00044111 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00081-00044112-00046805 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00082-00046806-00047015 there were some issues that will be
+6srtEYlkiw4-00083-00047016-00048268 addressed now
+6srtEYlkiw4-00084-00048269-00051238 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00085-00051239-00051569 the opposition but otherwise what is the
+6srtEYlkiw4-00086-00051570-00051851 country of course let them do that duty
+6srtEYlkiw4-00087-00051852-00053700 is
+6srtEYlkiw4-00088-00053701-00053923 Commissioners
+6srtEYlkiw4-00089-00053924-00054166 if it is all about the peaceful the
+6srtEYlkiw4-00090-00054167-00054316 musician and picketing it is in the
+6srtEYlkiw4-00091-00054317-00054532 Constitution
+6srtEYlkiw4-00092-00054533-00055253 picketing
+6srtEYlkiw4-00093-00055254-00055492 anywhere will be the country because
+6srtEYlkiw4-00094-00055494-00055642 they are protected within the
+6srtEYlkiw4-00095-00055644-00055942 Constitution but they must remember
+6srtEYlkiw4-00097-00060901-00061961 [Applause]
+6srtEYlkiw4-00100-00073856-00074176 for demonstration
+6srtEYlkiw4-00102-00078554-00079012 the former Governor now by the way
+6srtEYlkiw4-00105-00089076-00089459 demonstrate
+6srtEYlkiw4-00107-00094838-00095212 they were supposed to sit down and talk
+6srtEYlkiw4-00110-00104710-00105802 [Music]
+6srtEYlkiw4-00111-00105803-00106504 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00112-00106505-00107339 America
+6srtEYlkiw4-00118-00130302-00131464 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00119-00131465-00134275 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00120-00134276-00134443 [Music]
+6srtEYlkiw4-00121-00134444-00134861 he used to scatter people he divided and
+6srtEYlkiw4-00122-00134862-00135133 Rule
+6srtEYlkiw4-00123-00135134-00137519 the Prime Minister yeah
+6srtEYlkiw4-00124-00137520-00137813 he gathered the people together then he
+6srtEYlkiw4-00125-00137814-00138827 rewards the royalists
+6srtEYlkiw4-00128-00155948-00158140 foreign foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00130-00163035-00163847 [Applause]
+6srtEYlkiw4-00132-00172190-00172475 people have elected me
+6srtEYlkiw4-00134-00175715-00175883 they are trying to protect their
+6srtEYlkiw4-00137-00190679-00192647 finger
+6srtEYlkiw4-00139-00198648-00199900 surviving in politics
+6srtEYlkiw4-00140-00199901-00200404 rice
+6srtEYlkiw4-00141-00200405-00201949 yes yes
+6srtEYlkiw4-00142-00201950-00202435 waste time
+6srtEYlkiw4-00143-00202436-00203428 my name is
+6srtEYlkiw4-00145-00206582-00206777 I
+6srtEYlkiw4-00146-00206778-00207342 um
+6srtEYlkiw4-00147-00207344-00210196 I think foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00149-00214217-00214667 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00150-00214667-00215219 interest
+6srtEYlkiw4-00151-00215219-00216877 is
+6srtEYlkiw4-00152-00216878-00217194 former president
+6srtEYlkiw4-00153-00217196-00219313 2013.
+6srtEYlkiw4-00154-00219314-00219929 this is a former president
+6srtEYlkiw4-00155-00219930-00222821 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00157-00228950-00229127 your name
+6srtEYlkiw4-00158-00229128-00229691 is
+6srtEYlkiw4-00161-00238757-00241019 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00163-00245567-00247906 shift
+6srtEYlkiw4-00165-00257714-00257921 good election
+6srtEYlkiw4-00166-00257921-00260327 Quran
+6srtEYlkiw4-00167-00260328-00261527 because
+6srtEYlkiw4-00168-00261528-00263969 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00171-00270881-00272410 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00173-00276756-00279671 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00175-00285870-00286873 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00176-00286874-00287479 2027. this is 2032.
+6srtEYlkiw4-00177-00287480-00289223 rice Williams
+6srtEYlkiw4-00179-00292622-00293058 western region
+6srtEYlkiw4-00180-00293059-00293597 so karma like
+6srtEYlkiw4-00181-00293598-00294053 um
+6srtEYlkiw4-00183-00297366-00297799 mm-hmm
+6srtEYlkiw4-00184-00297800-00298205 [Music]
+6srtEYlkiw4-00185-00298206-00299953 result
+6srtEYlkiw4-00186-00299954-00300184 so you can imagine
+6srtEYlkiw4-00187-00300185-00300671 coming
+6srtEYlkiw4-00188-00300672-00300929 president
+6srtEYlkiw4-00189-00300930-00301337 opportunity
+6srtEYlkiw4-00194-00319598-00320471 this is
+6srtEYlkiw4-00195-00320472-00322965 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00196-00322966-00323951 [Music]
+6srtEYlkiw4-00198-00327740-00329580 Ashoka applications
+6srtEYlkiw4-00199-00329581-00329860 last month
+6srtEYlkiw4-00200-00329861-00330337 Finland government
+6srtEYlkiw4-00201-00330338-00331247 is Quran
+6srtEYlkiw4-00205-00346202-00346375 10 years
+6srtEYlkiw4-00206-00346376-00346606 11 years
+6srtEYlkiw4-00207-00346607-00347356 the same age
+6srtEYlkiw4-00209-00351870-00354551 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00211-00357804-00360503 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00212-00360504-00361306 foreign
+6srtEYlkiw4-00213-00361307-00362380 groups
+6srtEYlkiw4-00214-00362381-00362639 from groups when they register problem
+6srtEYlkiw4-00215-00362640-00362860 let the certificate another proposal for
+6srtEYlkiw4-00216-00362861-00364234 my office come office
+6srtEYlkiw4-00217-00364235-00364487 you hire those things and seats at least
+6srtEYlkiw4-00218-00364488-00366784 kilometers is
+6srtEYlkiw4-00220-00371066-00371345 in colleges
+6srtEYlkiw4-00221-00371346-00373763 in high schools
+6srtEYlkiw4-00223-00377892-00378017 okay
+6srtEYlkiw4-00224-00378018-00378295 this is along the streets
+6srtEYlkiw4-00225-00378296-00379598 [Music]
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00000-00000079-00000351 hello everyone this is cs5 rancher and i
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00001-00000352-00000599 welcome you all on behalf of bank exams
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00002-00000600-00000703 today
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00003-00000704-00000894 through this video we are going to learn
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00004-00000896-00001127 about ibps as well law officer
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00005-00001128-00001262 examination
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00006-00001263-00001487 how it is conducted and
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00007-00001488-00001718 and how many subjects and laws we need
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00008-00001719-00002087 to learn to appear in this examination
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00009-00002088-00002359 okay if any of you are already aware
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00010-00002360-00002623 about the process and syllabus of this
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00011-00002624-00002879 examination and wants to start preparing
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00012-00002880-00003039 for this examination
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00013-00003040-00003343 they can visit our website or they can
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00014-00003344-00003575 contact us at given number you will be
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00015-00003576-00003879 guided properly that how to enroll
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00016-00003879-00004111 for this examination and how you can
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00017-00004112-00004351 start your preparation our course is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00018-00004352-00004583 designed specifically for such students
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00019-00004584-00004791 who wants to become a law officer in a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00020-00004792-00005015 banking industry
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00021-00005016-00005263 while enrolling for our course kindly
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00022-00005264-00005479 use this coupon code so that you can
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00023-00005480-00005702 avail benefits
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00024-00005703-00005943 our topic of discussion is indian
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00025-00005944-00006295 contract act and in that multiple choice
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00026-00006296-00006567 questions so we are going to solve few
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00027-00006568-00006814 multiple choice questions of indian
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00028-00006815-00007367 contract act with an explanation
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00029-00007368-00007751 so let's solve our first question
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00030-00007752-00007942 question number one
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00031-00007943-00008223 when is the communication of proposals
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00032-00008224-00008519 the acceptance of proposals and the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00033-00008520-00008751 revocation of proposals deemed to be
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00034-00008752-00008942 made
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00035-00008943-00009103 options are
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00036-00009104-00009446 a only on clear verbal communication of
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00037-00009447-00009831 such proposal acceptance or revocation
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00038-00009832-00010223 option b by any act or omission of the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00039-00010224-00010519 party by which he intends to communicate
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00040-00010520-00010671 such proposal
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00041-00010672-00010974 acceptance or revocation or has the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00042-00010975-00011278 effect of communicating
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00043-00011279-00011438 option number six
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00044-00011439-00011767 only when the proposal acceptance or
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00045-00011768-00012055 revocation of the proposal is recorded
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00046-00012056-00012214 in writing
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00047-00012215-00012446 or option number d
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00048-00012447-00012759 only when the proposal acceptance or
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00049-00012760-00013063 revocation of the proposal is received
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00050-00013063-00013311 and understood by the other party
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00051-00013312-00013630 receiving the information
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00052-00013631-00013911 so which one is the correct answer the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00053-00013912-00014279 correct option is option number b
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00054-00014280-00014479 which says
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00055-00014480-00014791 by any act or omission of the party by
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00056-00014791-00015030 which he intends to communicate such
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00057-00015031-00015430 proposal acceptance or revocation or has
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00058-00015431-00015999 the effect of communicating
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00059-00016000-00016199 as per section number three
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00060-00016200-00016366 communication
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00061-00016368-00016694 acceptance and revocation of proposals
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00062-00016695-00017047 are deemed to be made as follows
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00063-00017048-00017303 the communication of proposals the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00064-00017304-00017543 acceptance of proposals and the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00065-00017544-00017919 revocation of proposals and acceptances
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00066-00017920-00018135 revocation of proposals and revocation
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00067-00018136-00018283 of acceptances
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00068-00018284-00018591 respectively are deemed to be made by
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00069-00018592-00018879 any act or omission of the party
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00070-00018880-00019007 proposing
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00071-00019008-00019294 accepting or revoking by which he
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00072-00019295-00019575 intends to communicate such proposal
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00073-00019576-00019879 acceptance or revocation or which has
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00074-00019880-00020350 the effect of communicating it
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00075-00020351-00020463 okay
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00076-00020464-00020767 let's move on to our next question that
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00077-00020768-00021063 is question number two which says that
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00078-00021064-00021327 when is the communication of a proposal
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00079-00021328-00021575 complete
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00080-00021576-00021799 when it comes to the knowledge of the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00081-00021800-00022055 person to whom it is made
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00082-00022056-00022335 only when the proposal acceptance or
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00083-00022336-00022591 revocation of the proposal is recorded
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00084-00022592-00022758 in writing
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00085-00022759-00023007 see when the other party gives his
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00086-00023008-00023327 ascent or listen to the proposal
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00087-00023328-00023558 the only when a clear verbal
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00088-00023559-00024222 communication of such proposal is made
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00089-00024223-00024550 so the correct option is option number a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00090-00024551-00024711 which says that
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00091-00024712-00024911 when it comes to the knowledge of the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00092-00024912-00025407 person to whom it is made
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00093-00025408-00025702 why because section number four says
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00094-00025704-00026006 that communication when complete
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00095-00026007-00026255 that means the communication of a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00096-00026256-00026527 proposal is complete when it comes to
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00097-00026527-00026774 the knowledge of the person to whom it
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00098-00026775-00026902 is made
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00099-00026904-00027183 the communication of an acceptance is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00100-00027183-00027511 complete as against the proposal
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00101-00027512-00027751 when it is put in a course of
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00102-00027752-00028062 transmission to him so as to be out of
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00103-00028063-00028351 the power of the acceptor as against the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00104-00028352-00028599 acceptor when it comes to the knowledge
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00105-00028600-00029055 of the proposal
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00106-00029056-00029239 question number three
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00107-00029239-00029543 when can a proposal be revoked
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00108-00029544-00029783 options option number a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00109-00029783-00030046 once a proposal is made it cannot be
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00110-00030047-00030190 revoked
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00111-00030191-00030335 option number b
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00112-00030336-00030543 any time before or after the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00113-00030544-00030870 communication of acceptance is complete
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00114-00030872-00031158 see any time before the communication of
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00115-00031160-00031495 its acceptance is complete as against
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00116-00031495-00031799 the proposal but not afterwards
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00117-00031800-00031951 option number d
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00118-00031952-00032214 anytime before the proposal comes to the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00119-00032216-00032462 knowledge of the other party but not
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00120-00032463-00032831 afterwards
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00121-00032832-00032911 so
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00122-00032912-00033231 the correct answer is option number c
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00123-00033232-00033559 when can a proposal be revoked
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00124-00033560-00033711 option number c
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00125-00033712-00033983 any time before the communication of its
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00126-00033984-00034271 acceptance is complete as against the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00127-00034272-00034695 proposer but not afterwards
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00128-00034696-00034790 why
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00129-00034791-00035055 the explanation is under extension
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00130-00035056-00035302 number five which deals with revocation
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00131-00035303-00035583 of proposals and acceptances
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00132-00035584-00035887 a proposal may be revoked at any time
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00133-00035888-00036087 before the communication of its
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00134-00036088-00036407 acceptances is complete as against the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00135-00036408-00036671 acceptor but not afterwards
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00136-00036672-00036967 an acceptance may be revoked at any time
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00137-00036968-00037183 before the communication of the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00138-00037184-00037487 acceptance is complete as against the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00139-00037488-00038095 acceptor but not afterwards
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00140-00038096-00038374 moving on to our next question that is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00141-00038375-00038543 question number four
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00142-00038544-00038823 a proposal cannot be revoked
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00143-00038824-00039079 options are option number a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00144-00039080-00039318 by the communication of notice of a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00145-00039319-00039615 revocation by the proposal to the other
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00146-00039616-00039959 party option number b by the failure of
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00147-00039960-00040190 the acceptor to fulfill a condition
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00148-00040191-00040423 precedent to acceptance
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00149-00040424-00040743 option number c by the lapse of the time
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00150-00040744-00041007 prescribed in such proposal for its
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00151-00041008-00041407 acceptance and option number d by an act
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00152-00041408-00041774 involving more moral therapeutic of crop
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00153-00041775-00042087 proposal whether related to the proposal
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00154-00042088-00042239 or otherwise
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00155-00042240-00042471 so what is the correct answer
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00156-00042472-00042774 the correct answer is option number d
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00157-00042775-00042927 which says that
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00158-00042928-00043102 by an act
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00159-00043103-00043487 involving moral turpid of the proposal
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00160-00043488-00043735 turpitude of the proposal whether
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00161-00043736-00044367 related to the proposal or otherwise
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00162-00044368-00044462 and
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00163-00044463-00044711 it is backed by the section number six
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00164-00044712-00045118 which says that revocation how made
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00165-00045119-00045343 a proposal is revoked
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00166-00045344-00045590 by the communication of notice of
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00167-00045591-00045823 revocation by the proposal to the other
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00168-00045824-00045927 party
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00169-00045928-00046215 or by the lapse of the time prescribed
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00170-00046216-00046567 in such proposal for its acceptance or
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00171-00046568-00046871 if no time is so prescribed by the lapse
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00172-00046872-00047039 of a reasonable time without
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00173-00047040-00047311 communication of the acceptance by the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00174-00047312-00047543 failure of the acceptor to fulfill a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00175-00047544-00047871 condition preceding to acceptance or by
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00176-00047872-00048174 the death or insanity of the proposal if
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00177-00048175-00048430 the fact of his death or insanity comes
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00178-00048431-00049083 to the knowledge of the acceptor before
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00179-00049084-00049358 acceptances so only these are the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00180-00049359-00049495 conditions
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00181-00049496-00049830 when the proposal is removed
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00182-00049831-00050079 so here
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00183-00050080-00050815 the answer is option number d
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00184-00050816-00051086 next question which of the following is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00185-00051087-00051366 not a necessary feature to convert a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00186-00051367-00051726 proposal into a promise
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00187-00051727-00051975 options option number eight the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00188-00051976-00052263 acceptance must be absolute
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00189-00052264-00052575 option b the acceptance must be within
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00190-00052576-00052815 the prescribed time limit
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00191-00052816-00053135 option number c the acceptance must be
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00192-00053136-00053463 unqualified and option number d the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00193-00053464-00053750 acceptance must be expressed in some
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00194-00053751-00054126 usual and reasonable manner
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00195-00054127-00054430 so the answer is option number b the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00196-00054432-00054679 acceptance must be within the prescribed
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00197-00054679-00054942 time limit
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00198-00054944-00055038 why
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00199-00055039-00055279 the explanation is under exception
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00200-00055279-00055559 number seven that acceptance must be
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00201-00055560-00056111 absolute
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00202-00056112-00056375 in order to convert a proposal into a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00203-00056376-00056526 promise
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00204-00056527-00056742 the acceptance must
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00205-00056744-00057071 be absolute and unqualified
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00206-00057072-00057375 second be expressed in some usual and
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00207-00057376-00057535 reasonable manner
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00208-00057536-00057782 unless the proposal prescribed the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00209-00057783-00058135 manner in which it is to be accepted if
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00210-00058136-00058423 the proposal prescribes a manner in
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00211-00058424-00058679 which it is to be accepted and the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00212-00058679-00059015 acceptance is not made in such manner
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00213-00059016-00059279 the proposer may within a reasonable
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00214-00059279-00059479 time after the acceptance is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00215-00059479-00059679 communicated to him
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00216-00059679-00059982 insists that his proposal shall be
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00217-00059983-00060247 accepted in the prescribed manner and
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00218-00060248-00060575 not otherwise but if he fails to do so
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00219-00060576-00060982 he accepts the acceptance
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00220-00060983-00061359 okay
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00221-00061360-00061582 so acceptance must be within the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00222-00061583-00062654 reasonable prescribed time limit
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00223-00062655-00062863 when is the promises
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00224-00062864-00063142 promise said to be expressed
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00225-00063144-00063438 options option number a when the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00226-00063439-00063750 proposal or acceptance of any promise is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00227-00063751-00064142 made in words option b when the proposal
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00228-00064144-00064375 or acceptance of any promises made
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00229-00064376-00064599 through visual representation
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00230-00064600-00064863 option number c when the proposal or
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00231-00064864-00065142 acceptance of any promise is made in any
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00232-00065144-00065454 way other than words or option number d
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00233-00065455-00065735 when the proposal or acceptance is made
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00234-00065736-00066055 by either in words or in any way other
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00235-00066056-00066206 than words
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00236-00066207-00066303 so
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00237-00066304-00066431 the question
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00238-00066432-00066647 says when is the promise said to be
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00239-00066648-00066759 expressed
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00240-00066760-00066919 the answer is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00241-00066920-00067223 option number a when the proposal or
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00242-00067224-00068135 acceptance of any promises made in words
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00243-00068136-00068399 promise express or incline
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00244-00068400-00068831 implied section 9 says that in so far as
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00245-00068832-00069038 the proposal or acceptance of any
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00246-00069039-00069326 promises made in words the promise is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00247-00069327-00069535 said to be expressed
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00248-00069536-00069831 in so far as such proposal or acceptance
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00249-00069832-00070111 is made otherwise then in words the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00250-00070112-00070679 promise is said to be implied
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00251-00070680-00070887 question 7 which of the following
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00252-00070888-00071223 feature is not essential for a contract
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00253-00071224-00071462 options are options a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00254-00071463-00071743 it should be in writing only
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00255-00071744-00071999 option b free consent of part is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00256-00072000-00072294 competent to contract
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00257-00072295-00072615 option c lawful consideration and with a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00258-00072616-00072823 lawful object
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00259-00072824-00073055 option d it should not
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00260-00073056-00073599 be declared void expressly
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00261-00073600-00073775 which of the following feature is not
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00262-00073776-00074015 essential for contract that is it should
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00263-00074016-00074294 be in writing only
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00264-00074295-00074367 so
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00265-00074368-00074719 this section says that
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00266-00074720-00074935 what agreements are contract all
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00267-00074936-00075150 agreements are contract if they are made
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00268-00075151-00075462 by a free consent of parties competent
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00269-00075463-00075719 to contract for a lawful consideration
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00270-00075720-00075999 and will with a lawful object and are
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00271-00076000-00076311 not hereby expressly declared to be void
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00272-00076312-00076567 nothing here in content shall affect any
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00273-00076568-00076823 law in force in india and not hereby
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00274-00076824-00077062 expressly repealed by which any contract
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00275-00077063-00077319 is required to be made in writing
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00276-00077320-00077582 or in the presence of witnesses or any
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00277-00077583-00077799 law relating to the registration of
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00278-00077800-00079231 documents
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00279-00079232-00079471 who among the following is not competent
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00280-00079472-00079823 to contract options option number a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00281-00079824-00080167 person who has acquired the age of 80.
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00282-00080168-00080319 option number b
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00283-00080320-00080703 person who has acquired the age of 16
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00284-00080704-00080991 option number c person is of a sound
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00285-00080992-00081079 mind
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00286-00081080-00081271 option number the person who is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00287-00081272-00081655 disqualified from contracting by any law
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00288-00081656-00081918 so the correct answer is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00289-00081919-00082087 option number b
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00290-00082088-00082479 person who has acquired the age of 16
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00291-00082480-00082815 why because as per section number 11 who
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00292-00082816-00083111 are competent to contract every person
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00293-00083112-00083359 is competent to contract who is of the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00294-00083360-00083679 age of majority according to the law to
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00295-00083680-00083975 which he is subject and who is of a
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00296-00083976-00084238 sound mind and is not disqualified
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00297-00084239-00084582 from contracting by any law to which he
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00298-00084583-00084975 is subject
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00299-00084976-00085206 question 9 what is consent under the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00300-00085207-00085606 indian contract act 1872
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00301-00085607-00085911 options are when acceptance of proposal
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00302-00085912-00086126 is made by the party to whom the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00303-00086127-00086287 proposal is made
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00304-00086288-00086526 when the acceptance is made by another
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00305-00086527-00086782 person other than the person to whom the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00306-00086783-00086967 proposal is made
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00307-00086968-00087262 option number c when they agree upon the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00308-00087263-00087511 same thing in the same sense
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00309-00087512-00087815 when both the parties agree upon a thing
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00310-00087816-00088238 in a same way it is understood by them
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00311-00088239-00088375 so
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00312-00088376-00088599 what is the consent
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00313-00088600-00088838 consent is when they agree upon the same
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00314-00088839-00089238 thing in the same sense
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00315-00089239-00089438 as per section 13
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00316-00089439-00089726 consent is two or more persons are safe
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00317-00089727-00089975 to consent when they agree upon the same
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00318-00089976-00090543 thing in the same sense
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00319-00090544-00090718 question number 10 which of the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00320-00090719-00090959 following is not a necessary feature for
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00321-00090960-00091135 a free consent
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00322-00091136-00091415 options option number eight when the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00323-00091416-00091759 consent is not caused by coercion
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00324-00091760-00092094 option b when the consent is not posed
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00325-00092095-00092311 by undue influence
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00326-00092312-00092638 option c when the consent is not caused
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00327-00092639-00092782 by mistake
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00328-00092783-00093087 option d when the consent is not caused
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00329-00093088-00093591 by misunderstanding
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00330-00093592-00093743 the answer is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00331-00093744-00093987 when the consent is not caused by
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00332-00093988-00094255 misunderstanding is not a necessary
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00333-00094256-00094606 feature of a free concept
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00334-00094607-00094694 so
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00335-00094695-00095094 section 14 says that
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00336-00095095-00095311 consent is said to be free when it is
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00337-00095312-00095535 not caused by coercion
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00338-00095536-00095835 undue influence fraud
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00339-00095836-00096135 misrepresentation or mistake
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00340-00096136-00096391 consent is said to be so caused when it
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00341-00096392-00096635 would not have been given but for the
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00342-00096636-00096903 existence of such question and loo
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00343-00096904-00097150 influence for misrepresentation or
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00344-00097151-00097343 mistake
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00345-00097344-00097726 okay
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00346-00097727-00097959 thank you everyone if you have any
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00347-00097960-00098247 doubt regarding this 10 questions you
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00348-00098248-00098550 can call us at a bank exams today thank
+6tSg8g2e96Q-00349-00098551-00098851 you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00000-00000631-00000831 welcome back to boston massachusetts
+6vf57lp3wmA-00001-00000832-00000927 we're here at the seaport you're
+6vf57lp3wmA-00002-00000927-00001103 watching thecube's coverage of
+6vf57lp3wmA-00003-00001104-00001303 red hat summit 2022 my name is dave
+6vf57lp3wmA-00004-00001304-00001527 vellante and paul gillin is here he's my
+6vf57lp3wmA-00005-00001528-00001839 co-host for the next day
+6vf57lp3wmA-00006-00001839-00002071 we are going to dig in to
+6vf57lp3wmA-00007-00002072-00002399 the the famous rel red hat enterprise
+6vf57lp3wmA-00008-00002400-00002599 linux gunner helixon is here he's the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00009-00002600-00002831 vice president and general manager of
+6vf57lp3wmA-00010-00002832-00003047 red hat enterprise linux
+6vf57lp3wmA-00011-00003048-00003215 connor welcome to the cube good to see
+6vf57lp3wmA-00012-00003215-00003359 you thanks for having me nice to be here
+6vf57lp3wmA-00013-00003360-00003631 dave paul rail nine is uh
+6vf57lp3wmA-00014-00003632-00003919 oh nine holy cow yep it's been a
+6vf57lp3wmA-00015-00003920-00004111 lot of iterations that's the the highest
+6vf57lp3wmA-00016-00004112-00004351 version of rel we've ever shipped yeah
+6vf57lp3wmA-00017-00004352-00004543 yeah and now we're talking edge right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00018-00004544-00004743 right that's right uh so what's what's
+6vf57lp3wmA-00019-00004744-00005015 inside tell us so we've got uh so we you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00020-00005016-00005215 know we got we got three kind of people
+6vf57lp3wmA-00021-00005216-00005375 we need to keep happy with uh with a new
+6vf57lp3wmA-00022-00005376-00005535 rail release the first is the the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00023-00005536-00005679 hardware partners right because they
+6vf57lp3wmA-00024-00005680-00005870 rely on rel to light up all their
+6vf57lp3wmA-00025-00005871-00006022 delicious hardware that they're making
+6vf57lp3wmA-00026-00006023-00006167 and you've got application developers
+6vf57lp3wmA-00027-00006168-00006359 and the isvs who rely on rel to be that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00028-00006360-00006567 kind of stable platform for innovation
+6vf57lp3wmA-00029-00006568-00006719 and then you've got the operators the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00030-00006720-00006895 people who are actually using the using
+6vf57lp3wmA-00031-00006895-00007063 the the operating system itself and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00032-00007064-00007239 trying to keep it running every day and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00033-00007240-00007391 we've got something for everybody i
+6vf57lp3wmA-00034-00007392-00007639 think so we've got on the um i'll start
+6vf57lp3wmA-00035-00007640-00007798 with the hardware side which is uh
+6vf57lp3wmA-00036-00007800-00008031 something as you know rail's success and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00037-00008031-00008151 i think you talked about this with matt
+6vf57lp3wmA-00038-00008152-00008487 just a few sessions earlier
+6vf57lp3wmA-00039-00008488-00008703 the success of rails really hinges on
+6vf57lp3wmA-00040-00008704-00008855 our partnerships with the with the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00041-00008856-00009087 hardware partners and uh and in this
+6vf57lp3wmA-00042-00009088-00009246 case we've got uh let's see in real life
+6vf57lp3wmA-00043-00009247-00009431 we've got all the usual hard all the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00044-00009432-00009623 usual hardware suspects and we've added
+6vf57lp3wmA-00045-00009624-00009783 uh just recently in january we added
+6vf57lp3wmA-00046-00009784-00010095 support for arm servers as a you know
+6vf57lp3wmA-00047-00010096-00010231 general arm
+6vf57lp3wmA-00048-00010232-00010487 server class hardware um and so that's
+6vf57lp3wmA-00049-00010488-00010599 uh that's something customers have been
+6vf57lp3wmA-00050-00010600-00010774 asking for delighted to be shipping that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00051-00010775-00011031 in real nine so now arm is kind of
+6vf57lp3wmA-00052-00011032-00011310 uh first class citizen right alongside
+6vf57lp3wmA-00053-00011311-00011614 x86 power z and all the all the other
+6vf57lp3wmA-00054-00011615-00011846 usual suspects um
+6vf57lp3wmA-00055-00011847-00011991 and then of course working with our our
+6vf57lp3wmA-00056-00011992-00012159 favorite uh public cloud providers so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00057-00012160-00012335 making sure that rail9 is available in
+6vf57lp3wmA-00058-00012336-00012599 aws and azure and gcp and all of our
+6vf57lp3wmA-00059-00012600-00012855 other uh all our other cloud friends
+6vf57lp3wmA-00060-00012856-00013063 right yeah so we're seeing as you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00061-00013063-00013238 mentioned army we're seeing arm in the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00062-00013240-00013447 enterprise obviously seeing arm at the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00063-00013447-00013599 edge you guys have been working with arm
+6vf57lp3wmA-00064-00013600-00013719 for a long time you're working with
+6vf57lp3wmA-00065-00013719-00013903 intel you're working with nvidia you've
+6vf57lp3wmA-00066-00013904-00014079 got some announcements this week
+6vf57lp3wmA-00067-00014080-00014311 gonna how do you keep linux from
+6vf57lp3wmA-00068-00014312-00014607 becoming franken os yeah all these
+6vf57lp3wmA-00069-00014608-00014775 capabilities yeah yeah this is a great
+6vf57lp3wmA-00070-00014776-00015007 question so first is uh the most
+6vf57lp3wmA-00071-00015008-00015183 important thing is to be working closely
+6vf57lp3wmA-00072-00015184-00015311 with i mean the whole point of linux and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00073-00015312-00015438 the reason why linux works is because
+6vf57lp3wmA-00074-00015440-00015550 you have all these people working
+6vf57lp3wmA-00075-00015551-00015727 together to make the same thing right um
+6vf57lp3wmA-00076-00015728-00016030 and so uh fighting that is a bad idea
+6vf57lp3wmA-00077-00016031-00016175 working together with everyone leaning
+6vf57lp3wmA-00078-00016176-00016303 into that collaboration that's an
+6vf57lp3wmA-00079-00016304-00016479 important part of making it work over
+6vf57lp3wmA-00080-00016480-00016567 time
+6vf57lp3wmA-00081-00016568-00016767 the other one is having uh just like in
+6vf57lp3wmA-00082-00016768-00016911 any good relationship having healthy
+6vf57lp3wmA-00083-00016912-00017191 boundaries uh and so making sure that we
+6vf57lp3wmA-00084-00017192-00017327 that we're clear about the things that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00085-00017328-00017486 we need to keep stable and the places
+6vf57lp3wmA-00086-00017487-00017639 where we're allowed to innovate and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00087-00017640-00017783 striking the right balance between those
+6vf57lp3wmA-00088-00017784-00018047 two things um that allows us to continue
+6vf57lp3wmA-00089-00018048-00018222 to ship kind of one coherent operating
+6vf57lp3wmA-00090-00018223-00018407 system while still keeping literally
+6vf57lp3wmA-00091-00018408-00018567 thousands of platforms happy so you're
+6vf57lp3wmA-00092-00018568-00018799 not trying to suck in all the the full
+6vf57lp3wmA-00093-00018800-00019055 function you're trying to accommodate
+6vf57lp3wmA-00094-00019056-00019222 that function that the ecosystem is
+6vf57lp3wmA-00095-00019223-00019383 going to develop yeah that's right so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00096-00019384-00019550 it's so the idea is that what we strive
+6vf57lp3wmA-00097-00019551-00019735 for is consistency across all the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00098-00019736-00019927 infrastructures and then allowing for
+6vf57lp3wmA-00099-00019928-00020111 kind of optimizations and you know we
+6vf57lp3wmA-00100-00020112-00020222 still let ourselves kind of take
+6vf57lp3wmA-00101-00020223-00020367 advantage of you know whatever
+6vf57lp3wmA-00102-00020368-00020591 indigenous feature might appear on dust
+6vf57lp3wmA-00103-00020592-00020758 and such an arm chip or doesn't such a
+6vf57lp3wmA-00104-00020759-00020958 cloud platform but really we're trying
+6vf57lp3wmA-00105-00020959-00021247 to deliver a uniform platform experience
+6vf57lp3wmA-00106-00021248-00021399 to the application developers right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00107-00021400-00021567 because they can't be having like it
+6vf57lp3wmA-00108-00021568-00021694 can't be kind of one version of rail
+6vf57lp3wmA-00109-00021695-00021822 over here and another version of relover
+6vf57lp3wmA-00110-00021823-00021991 here the ecosystem wouldn't work the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00111-00021992-00022183 whole point of linux and the whole point
+6vf57lp3wmA-00112-00022184-00022375 of red enterprise linux is to be the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00113-00022376-00022527 same so that everything else can be
+6vf57lp3wmA-00114-00022528-00022727 different what incentives do you use to
+6vf57lp3wmA-00115-00022728-00022903 keep customers current
+6vf57lp3wmA-00116-00022904-00023150 to keep customers current yeah um well
+6vf57lp3wmA-00117-00023151-00023350 so the the best thing to do i've found
+6vf57lp3wmA-00118-00023351-00023567 is to meet customers where they are and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00119-00023568-00023775 so um a lot of people think you know we
+6vf57lp3wmA-00120-00023776-00023975 release real nine at the same time we
+6vf57lp3wmA-00121-00023976-00024167 have red enterprise linux eight we have
+6vf57lp3wmA-00122-00024168-00024319 red enterprise linux seven all these are
+6vf57lp3wmA-00123-00024320-00024447 running at the same time and then we
+6vf57lp3wmA-00124-00024448-00024711 also have multiple minor release streams
+6vf57lp3wmA-00125-00024712-00024878 inside those so at any given time we're
+6vf57lp3wmA-00126-00024879-00025103 running let's say a dozen different
+6vf57lp3wmA-00127-00025104-00025271 versions of rel are being maintained and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00128-00025272-00025455 kept up to date and we do this precisely
+6vf57lp3wmA-00129-00025456-00025678 to make sure that uh we're not force
+6vf57lp3wmA-00130-00025679-00025918 marching people into the new version um
+6vf57lp3wmA-00131-00025919-00026046 and they have a red enterprise linux
+6vf57lp3wmA-00132-00026047-00026167 subscription they should just be able to
+6vf57lp3wmA-00133-00026168-00026318 sit there and enjoy the minor version
+6vf57lp3wmA-00134-00026319-00026479 that they like um and we try and keep
+6vf57lp3wmA-00135-00026480-00026639 that going for as long as ten years out
+6vf57lp3wmA-00136-00026639-00026879 of date uh well so 10 years interesting
+6vf57lp3wmA-00137-00026880-00027007 you chose that number because that is
+6vf57lp3wmA-00138-00027008-00027079 the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00139-00027080-00027207 because that's the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00140-00027208-00027462 that is the end of the life right and so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00141-00027463-00027758 uh 10 years is about uh as that's the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00142-00027760-00028046 natural life of a given major release um
+6vf57lp3wmA-00143-00028047-00028223 but again inside that you have several
+6vf57lp3wmA-00144-00028224-00028414 10-year life cycles kind of cascading on
+6vf57lp3wmA-00145-00028416-00028614 each other right so nine is kind of the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00146-00028616-00028846 start of the next 10-year cycle while
+6vf57lp3wmA-00147-00028847-00028999 we're still living inside the 10-year
+6vf57lp3wmA-00148-00029000-00029190 cycle of seven and eight so lots of
+6vf57lp3wmA-00149-00029191-00029390 options for customers
+6vf57lp3wmA-00150-00029391-00029551 how are you thinking about the edge how
+6vf57lp3wmA-00151-00029552-00029679 do you def
+6vf57lp3wmA-00152-00029680-00029870 that's not going to the definition but
+6vf57lp3wmA-00153-00029872-00030055 at a high level like i i've been at a
+6vf57lp3wmA-00154-00030056-00030239 conference last week it was del tech
+6vf57lp3wmA-00155-00030239-00030399 world i'll just say they were sort of
+6vf57lp3wmA-00156-00030400-00030679 the edge to them was a retail store yeah
+6vf57lp3wmA-00157-00030680-00030758 right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00158-00030760-00030918 lowe's okay cool i guess that's kind of
+6vf57lp3wmA-00159-00030919-00031214 edgy yeah i guess yeah but i like i
+6vf57lp3wmA-00160-00031216-00031462 think space is the edge
+6vf57lp3wmA-00161-00031463-00031655 right right or a vehicle yeah how do you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00162-00031656-00031855 think about the edge all the above or
+6vf57lp3wmA-00163-00031856-00032135 but it's it the exciting stuff to me is
+6vf57lp3wmA-00164-00032136-00032423 that far edge but i wonder yeah yeah so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00165-00032424-00032558 there's all kinds of taxonomies out
+6vf57lp3wmA-00166-00032560-00032807 there for the edge uh for me a tranq i'm
+6vf57lp3wmA-00167-00032808-00032967 a simple country product manager at
+6vf57lp3wmA-00168-00032968-00033118 heart and so i try to keep it simple
+6vf57lp3wmA-00169-00033119-00033199 right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00170-00033200-00033383 and the way i think about the edge is
+6vf57lp3wmA-00171-00033384-00033527 here's a use case
+6vf57lp3wmA-00172-00033528-00033735 uh in which somebody needs a
+6vf57lp3wmA-00173-00033736-00033990 small operating system that deploys on a
+6vf57lp3wmA-00174-00033991-00034151 probably a small piece of hardware
+6vf57lp3wmA-00175-00034152-00034343 usually varying sizes but it could be
+6vf57lp3wmA-00176-00034344-00034495 pretty small
+6vf57lp3wmA-00177-00034496-00034671 that thing needs to be updated without
+6vf57lp3wmA-00178-00034672-00034846 any human touching it right and it needs
+6vf57lp3wmA-00179-00034847-00035007 to be reliably maintained without any
+6vf57lp3wmA-00180-00035008-00035215 human touching it um usually in the edge
+6vf57lp3wmA-00181-00035216-00035374 cases actually touching the hardware is
+6vf57lp3wmA-00182-00035375-00035511 a very expensive proposition so we're
+6vf57lp3wmA-00183-00035512-00035662 trying to be as hands-off as possible no
+6vf57lp3wmA-00184-00035663-00035895 truck rolls no trick rolls ever right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00185-00035896-00035990 exactly
+6vf57lp3wmA-00186-00035991-00036151 and then now that i've got that stable
+6vf57lp3wmA-00187-00036152-00036239 base
+6vf57lp3wmA-00188-00036240-00036374 i'm going to go take an application i'll
+6vf57lp3wmA-00189-00036375-00036535 probably put it in a container for
+6vf57lp3wmA-00190-00036536-00036743 simplicity's sake and same thing i want
+6vf57lp3wmA-00191-00036744-00036862 to be able to deploy that application
+6vf57lp3wmA-00192-00036863-00036990 and if something goes wrong i need to
+6vf57lp3wmA-00193-00036991-00037183 build a rollback to a known good state
+6vf57lp3wmA-00194-00037184-00037311 and then i need a set of management
+6vf57lp3wmA-00195-00037312-00037471 tools that allow me to kind of touch
+6vf57lp3wmA-00196-00037472-00037574 things make sure that everything is
+6vf57lp3wmA-00197-00037575-00037718 healthy make sure that the updates roll
+6vf57lp3wmA-00198-00037719-00037871 out correctly you know maybe do some a b
+6vf57lp3wmA-00199-00037872-00038079 testing things like that um so i think
+6vf57lp3wmA-00200-00038080-00038255 about that as that's the when we talk
+6vf57lp3wmA-00201-00038256-00038407 about the edge case for rel that's the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00202-00038408-00038623 kind of the horizontal use case and then
+6vf57lp3wmA-00203-00038624-00038759 we can kind of do
+6vf57lp3wmA-00204-00038760-00038974 uh specializations inside particular
+6vf57lp3wmA-00205-00038975-00039143 verticals or particular industries but
+6vf57lp3wmA-00206-00039144-00039311 at bottom that's kind of that that's the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00207-00039312-00039423 use case we're talking about when we
+6vf57lp3wmA-00208-00039424-00039590 talk about the and an assumption of
+6vf57lp3wmA-00209-00039591-00039727 connectivity
+6vf57lp3wmA-00210-00039728-00039927 at some point yeah right yeah you don't
+6vf57lp3wmA-00211-00039928-00040062 know how you're gonna have to always be
+6vf57lp3wmA-00212-00040063-00040246 on right yeah i mean yeah intermittent
+6vf57lp3wmA-00213-00040247-00040471 latent eventual connectivity yeah yeah
+6vf57lp3wmA-00214-00040472-00040718 that's right yes that's right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00215-00040719-00040895 red hat was originally a one-trick pony
+6vf57lp3wmA-00216-00040896-00041095 i mean rel was it and now you've got all
+6vf57lp3wmA-00217-00041096-00041287 of these other uh
+6vf57lp3wmA-00218-00041288-00041718 these other extensions and and uh
+6vf57lp3wmA-00219-00041719-00041830 different different markers that you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00220-00041831-00042039 expanded into how do you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00221-00042040-00042215 what's your role in coordinating what
+6vf57lp3wmA-00222-00042216-00042374 all those different functions are doing
+6vf57lp3wmA-00223-00042375-00042655 yeah so so uh what i what i find is that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00224-00042656-00042839 the uh you look at all the innovations
+6vf57lp3wmA-00225-00042840-00042967 we've made whether it's in storage
+6vf57lp3wmA-00226-00042968-00043127 whether it's in open shift or and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00227-00043128-00043295 elsewhere rel remains kind of the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00228-00043296-00043455 beating heart right it's the place where
+6vf57lp3wmA-00229-00043456-00043615 it's a place where everything starts and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00230-00043616-00043902 so uh you know a lot of what my team
+6vf57lp3wmA-00231-00043903-00044079 does is we're trying yes we're trying to
+6vf57lp3wmA-00232-00044080-00044207 make all the partners happy we're also
+6vf57lp3wmA-00233-00044208-00044318 trying to make our internal partners
+6vf57lp3wmA-00234-00044319-00044511 happy right so the openshift folks need
+6vf57lp3wmA-00235-00044512-00044718 stuff out of rel just like any other
+6vf57lp3wmA-00236-00044719-00044879 software vendor and so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00237-00044880-00045071 i really think about rel is yes we're a
+6vf57lp3wmA-00238-00045072-00045230 platform yes we're a product in our own
+6vf57lp3wmA-00239-00045231-00045374 right but we're also kind of a service
+6vf57lp3wmA-00240-00045375-00045590 organization for for all the other parts
+6vf57lp3wmA-00241-00045591-00045743 of the portfolio and the reason for that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00242-00045744-00045855 is we need to make sure all this stuff
+6vf57lp3wmA-00243-00045856-00046030 works together right um part of the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00244-00046031-00046118 whole
+6vf57lp3wmA-00245-00046119-00046351 uh reasoning behind the red hat
+6vf57lp3wmA-00246-00046352-00046558 portfolio writ large is that each of
+6vf57lp3wmA-00247-00046559-00046743 these pieces build on each other and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00248-00046744-00046911 complement each other right and so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00249-00046912-00047062 that's a i think that's an important
+6vf57lp3wmA-00250-00047063-00047295 part of the red hat the rel mission
+6vf57lp3wmA-00251-00047296-00047415 there's an article in the journal
+6vf57lp3wmA-00252-00047416-00047702 yesterday about how the tech industry
+6vf57lp3wmA-00253-00047703-00047983 was sort of you know pounding the the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00254-00047984-00048343 drum on h-1b visas there's a limit i
+6vf57lp3wmA-00255-00048344-00048511 think it's been the same limit since uh
+6vf57lp3wmA-00256-00048512-00048862 2005 65 000 a year right um we've we're
+6vf57lp3wmA-00257-00048863-00049062 facing your customers are facing you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00258-00049063-00049311 guys i'm sure as well we are
+6vf57lp3wmA-00259-00049312-00049511 you know real skills shortage that's a
+6vf57lp3wmA-00260-00049512-00049767 lack of talent um how are you seeing
+6vf57lp3wmA-00261-00049768-00049951 companies you know deal with that what
+6vf57lp3wmA-00262-00049952-00050135 are you advising them what are you guys
+6vf57lp3wmA-00263-00050136-00050311 doing yourselves yeah yeah yeah so it's
+6vf57lp3wmA-00264-00050312-00050518 interesting especially as especially as
+6vf57lp3wmA-00265-00050519-00050623 we're going through everybody went
+6vf57lp3wmA-00266-00050624-00050743 through some flavor of digital
+6vf57lp3wmA-00267-00050744-00050879 transformation during the pandemic and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00268-00050880-00051062 now everybody's going through some and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00269-00051063-00051183 kind of connected to that everybody's
+6vf57lp3wmA-00270-00051184-00051342 making a move to the public cloud well
+6vf57lp3wmA-00271-00051344-00051454 they're also like they're making
+6vf57lp3wmA-00272-00051455-00051590 operating system choices when they're
+6vf57lp3wmA-00273-00051591-00051702 when they're making those platform
+6vf57lp3wmA-00274-00051703-00051879 choices right and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00275-00051879-00052014 i think what's interesting is that what
+6vf57lp3wmA-00276-00052015-00052238 they're coming to is well i have a linux
+6vf57lp3wmA-00277-00052239-00052463 skills shortage and for whatever for a
+6vf57lp3wmA-00278-00052464-00052663 thousand reasons the market has not
+6vf57lp3wmA-00279-00052664-00052863 provided enough kind of linux admins i
+6vf57lp3wmA-00280-00052864-00053015 mean these are very lucrative positions
+6vf57lp3wmA-00281-00053016-00053199 right you they command a lot of money
+6vf57lp3wmA-00282-00053200-00053326 you would expect their supply would
+6vf57lp3wmA-00283-00053327-00053447 eventually catch up but for whatever
+6vf57lp3wmA-00284-00053448-00053630 reason it's not catching up so okay i
+6vf57lp3wmA-00285-00053632-00053766 can't solve this by throwing bodies at
+6vf57lp3wmA-00286-00053767-00053871 it so i need to figure out a more
+6vf57lp3wmA-00287-00053872-00054007 efficient way of running my linux
+6vf57lp3wmA-00288-00054008-00054182 operation people are making a couple
+6vf57lp3wmA-00289-00054183-00054471 choices the first is they're creating uh
+6vf57lp3wmA-00290-00054472-00054623 ensuring that they have consistency in
+6vf57lp3wmA-00291-00054624-00054766 their operating system choices whether
+6vf57lp3wmA-00292-00054767-00054959 it's on-premise or in the cloud or even
+6vf57lp3wmA-00293-00054960-00055191 out on the edge if i have to juggle
+6vf57lp3wmA-00294-00055191-00055342 three four different operating systems
+6vf57lp3wmA-00295-00055344-00055471 as i'm going through these three or four
+6vf57lp3wmA-00296-00055472-00055575 different infrastructures like that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00297-00055576-00055719 doesn't make any sense because the one
+6vf57lp3wmA-00298-00055720-00055887 thing is most precious to me is my linux
+6vf57lp3wmA-00299-00055888-00056023 talent right and so i need to make sure
+6vf57lp3wmA-00300-00056024-00056247 that they're consistent optimized and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00301-00056248-00056407 efficient the other thing they're doing
+6vf57lp3wmA-00302-00056408-00056575 is tooling and automation especially
+6vf57lp3wmA-00303-00056576-00056791 through tools like ansible right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00304-00056791-00057007 being able to take advantage of as much
+6vf57lp3wmA-00305-00057008-00057135 automation as possible and much
+6vf57lp3wmA-00306-00057136-00057319 consistency as possible
+6vf57lp3wmA-00307-00057320-00057454 so that they can make the most of the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00308-00057455-00057654 linux talent that they do have and so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00309-00057655-00057807 with red hat enterprise linux 9 in
+6vf57lp3wmA-00310-00057808-00058015 particular your cs make a big investment
+6vf57lp3wmA-00311-00058016-00058142 in things like
+6vf57lp3wmA-00312-00058144-00058342 more automation tools for things like
+6vf57lp3wmA-00313-00058344-00058575 sap and sql server deployments you'll
+6vf57lp3wmA-00314-00058576-00058759 see us make investments in things like
+6vf57lp3wmA-00315-00058760-00058942 basic stuff like the web console right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00316-00058944-00059087 that we should now be able to go and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00317-00059088-00059230 point and click and do basic linux
+6vf57lp3wmA-00318-00059232-00059391 administration tasks that lowers the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00319-00059391-00059615 barrier to entry and uh and makes it
+6vf57lp3wmA-00320-00059616-00059726 easier to find people to actually
+6vf57lp3wmA-00321-00059727-00059935 administer the systems that you have
+6vf57lp3wmA-00322-00059936-00060159 as you move out onto these new platforms
+6vf57lp3wmA-00323-00060160-00060335 particularly on the edge many of them be
+6vf57lp3wmA-00324-00060336-00060599 much smaller limited function
+6vf57lp3wmA-00325-00060600-00060775 how do you make the decisions about what
+6vf57lp3wmA-00326-00060776-00060911 features you're going to keep or what
+6vf57lp3wmA-00327-00060912-00061079 what you're going to keep in
+6vf57lp3wmA-00328-00061079-00061159 rel
+6vf57lp3wmA-00329-00061160-00061399 when you're running on a thermostat oh
+6vf57lp3wmA-00330-00061400-00061679 yeah yeah yeah okay so let me be clear i
+6vf57lp3wmA-00331-00061679-00062030 don't want rail to run on a thermostat
+6vf57lp3wmA-00332-00062032-00062150 i can't handle the margins on something
+6vf57lp3wmA-00333-00062151-00062319 like that but at the end
+6vf57lp3wmA-00334-00062320-00062447 you're running on you're running on the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00335-00062448-00062687 gm yeah no that's right and so the so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00336-00062688-00062871 the choice of the the most important
+6vf57lp3wmA-00337-00062872-00063135 thing we can do is give customers the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00338-00063136-00063311 tools that they need to make the choice
+6vf57lp3wmA-00339-00063312-00063494 that's appropriate for their deployment
+6vf57lp3wmA-00340-00063495-00063687 uh i have learned over several years in
+6vf57lp3wmA-00341-00063688-00063854 this business that if i start choosing
+6vf57lp3wmA-00342-00063855-00064038 what content a customer decide wants on
+6vf57lp3wmA-00343-00064039-00064175 their operating system i will always
+6vf57lp3wmA-00344-00064176-00064359 guess it wrong right so my job is to
+6vf57lp3wmA-00345-00064360-00064566 make sure that i have a library of
+6vf57lp3wmA-00346-00064567-00064847 reliable secure software options for
+6vf57lp3wmA-00347-00064848-00065006 them that they can use as ingredients
+6vf57lp3wmA-00348-00065007-00065142 into their solution and they give them
+6vf57lp3wmA-00349-00065144-00065287 tools that allow them to kind of curate
+6vf57lp3wmA-00350-00065288-00065438 the operating system that they need so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00351-00065439-00065615 that's the tool like image builder which
+6vf57lp3wmA-00352-00065616-00065799 we which we just announced the image
+6vf57lp3wmA-00353-00065800-00065959 builder service lets a customer go in
+6vf57lp3wmA-00354-00065960-00066111 and point and click and kind of compose
+6vf57lp3wmA-00355-00066112-00066303 the edge operating system they need hit
+6vf57lp3wmA-00356-00066304-00066494 a button and now they have a an atomic
+6vf57lp3wmA-00357-00066495-00066663 image that they can go deploy out on the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00358-00066664-00066855 edge reliably right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00359-00066856-00067111 can you clarify the cadence of releases
+6vf57lp3wmA-00360-00067112-00067255 oh yeah you guys the change that you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00361-00067256-00067455 made there why that change occurred and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00362-00067456-00067663 what what's the standard today yeah so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00363-00067664-00067903 uh back when we released rail eight so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00364-00067904-00068087 we were just talking about uh hardware
+6vf57lp3wmA-00365-00068088-00068287 and you know it's arm and x86 all these
+6vf57lp3wmA-00366-00068288-00068438 different kinds of hardware the hardware
+6vf57lp3wmA-00367-00068439-00068687 market is uh internally i tell everybody
+6vf57lp3wmA-00368-00068688-00068879 the hardware market just got real weird
+6vf57lp3wmA-00369-00068880-00069071 right it's just got the the schedules
+6vf57lp3wmA-00370-00069072-00069238 are crazy we got so many more entrants
+6vf57lp3wmA-00371-00069239-00069431 everything is kind of out of sync from
+6vf57lp3wmA-00372-00069432-00069550 where it used to be used to be there was
+6vf57lp3wmA-00373-00069551-00069679 a there was a metronome right you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00374-00069680-00069806 mentioned moore's law earlier it was
+6vf57lp3wmA-00375-00069807-00069975 like a 18-month metronome everybody
+6vf57lp3wmA-00376-00069976-00070119 could kind of set their watch too right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00377-00070120-00070359 um that's so that's gone and so now we
+6vf57lp3wmA-00378-00070360-00070526 have so much hardware that we need to
+6vf57lp3wmA-00379-00070527-00070759 that we need to reconcile um
+6vf57lp3wmA-00380-00070760-00071031 the uh the only way for us to provide
+6vf57lp3wmA-00381-00071032-00071247 the kind of stability and consistency
+6vf57lp3wmA-00382-00071248-00071462 that customers were looking for was to
+6vf57lp3wmA-00383-00071463-00071759 set a set our own clock so we said three
+6vf57lp3wmA-00384-00071760-00071999 years for every major release six months
+6vf57lp3wmA-00385-00072000-00072287 for every minor release and that that we
+6vf57lp3wmA-00386-00072288-00072462 will ship a new minor release every six
+6vf57lp3wmA-00387-00072463-00072615 months and a new major release every
+6vf57lp3wmA-00388-00072616-00072871 three years whether we need it or not um
+6vf57lp3wmA-00389-00072872-00073047 and that has value all by itself it
+6vf57lp3wmA-00390-00073048-00073182 means that customers can now plan ahead
+6vf57lp3wmA-00391-00073183-00073406 of time and know okay in 36 months the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00392-00073407-00073535 next major release is going to come on
+6vf57lp3wmA-00393-00073536-00073703 and now that's something i can plan my
+6vf57lp3wmA-00394-00073704-00073831 workload around this and think i can
+6vf57lp3wmA-00395-00073832-00074023 plan a data data center migration around
+6vf57lp3wmA-00396-00074024-00074255 and things like that so the consistency
+6vf57lp3wmA-00397-00074256-00074415 of this and and it was a terrifying
+6vf57lp3wmA-00398-00074416-00074631 promise to make three years ago i am now
+6vf57lp3wmA-00399-00074632-00074823 delighted to announce that we actually
+6vf57lp3wmA-00400-00074824-00074975 made good on it three years later right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00401-00074976-00075159 um and plan two again three years from
+6vf57lp3wmA-00402-00075160-00075350 now is it good
+6vf57lp3wmA-00403-00075351-00075550 is it just follow up is it primarily the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00404-00075551-00075703 processor
+6vf57lp3wmA-00405-00075704-00075967 optionality and diversity or as i was
+6vf57lp3wmA-00406-00075968-00076126 talking to an architect system architect
+6vf57lp3wmA-00407-00076127-00076311 the other day and his premise was that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00408-00076312-00076503 we're moving from a processor-centric
+6vf57lp3wmA-00409-00076504-00076743 world to a connect centric world not
+6vf57lp3wmA-00410-00076744-00076919 just the processor but the memories the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00411-00076920-00077199 i o the controllers the knicks and it's
+6vf57lp3wmA-00412-00077200-00077367 just keeping that system in balance does
+6vf57lp3wmA-00413-00077368-00077519 that affect you or is it primarily the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00414-00077520-00077671 process oh it absolutely affects us yeah
+6vf57lp3wmA-00415-00077672-00077862 yeah so yeah so so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00416-00077863-00078055 um the operating system is the thing
+6vf57lp3wmA-00417-00078056-00078279 that everyone relies on to hide all that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00418-00078280-00078543 stuff from everybody else right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00419-00078544-00078815 so if we cannot offer that abstraction
+6vf57lp3wmA-00420-00078816-00078959 from all of these hardware choices that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00421-00078960-00079135 people need to make um then we're not
+6vf57lp3wmA-00422-00079136-00079279 doing our job and so that means we have
+6vf57lp3wmA-00423-00079280-00079391 to encompass
+6vf57lp3wmA-00424-00079392-00079543 all the hardware configurations and all
+6vf57lp3wmA-00425-00079544-00079703 the hardware use cases that we can in
+6vf57lp3wmA-00426-00079704-00079831 order to make a in order to make an
+6vf57lp3wmA-00427-00079832-00080015 application successful so if people want
+6vf57lp3wmA-00428-00080016-00080167 to go disaggregate all of their
+6vf57lp3wmA-00429-00080168-00080391 components we have to let them do that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00430-00080392-00080519 if they want to have a kind of more
+6vf57lp3wmA-00431-00080520-00080711 traditional kind of boxed up oem
+6vf57lp3wmA-00432-00080712-00080855 experience they should be able to do
+6vf57lp3wmA-00433-00080856-00081111 that too so yeah this is what i mean is
+6vf57lp3wmA-00434-00081112-00081326 because it is rel's responsibility and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00435-00081327-00081479 our duty to make sure that people are
+6vf57lp3wmA-00436-00081480-00081679 insulated from all this chaos underneath
+6vf57lp3wmA-00437-00081680-00081831 um that's uh
+6vf57lp3wmA-00438-00081832-00081991 that is that is a that is a good chunk
+6vf57lp3wmA-00439-00081992-00082150 of the job yeah the hardware in the os
+6vf57lp3wmA-00440-00082151-00082311 used to be inseparable right right
+6vf57lp3wmA-00441-00082312-00082438 before linux
+6vf57lp3wmA-00442-00082439-00082535 yeah yeah
+6vf57lp3wmA-00443-00082536-00082687 that sense yeah the importance of
+6vf57lp3wmA-00444-00082688-00082855 hardware yeah that's right curious how
+6vf57lp3wmA-00445-00082856-00083079 your job changes so you just every 36
+6vf57lp3wmA-00446-00083080-00083206 months you roll out a new release which
+6vf57lp3wmA-00447-00083207-00083326 you did today you announced a new
+6vf57lp3wmA-00448-00083327-00083599 release you go back into the workplace
+6vf57lp3wmA-00449-00083600-00083911 in two days how is life different
+6vf57lp3wmA-00450-00083912-00084206 uh not at all so uh the only constant is
+6vf57lp3wmA-00451-00084207-00084431 change right um and to be honest you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00452-00084432-00084567 know a major release that's a big event
+6vf57lp3wmA-00453-00084568-00084711 for our release teams that's a big event
+6vf57lp3wmA-00454-00084712-00084847 for our engineering teams it's a big
+6vf57lp3wmA-00455-00084848-00084999 event for our product management teams
+6vf57lp3wmA-00456-00085000-00085159 but all these folks
+6vf57lp3wmA-00457-00085160-00085318 have moved on like we're now we're
+6vf57lp3wmA-00458-00085319-00085631 already planning rel 9.1 and 9.2 and 8.7
+6vf57lp3wmA-00459-00085632-00085838 and and and the rest of the releases and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00460-00085839-00086023 so it's kind of like brief celebration
+6vf57lp3wmA-00461-00086024-00086199 and then right back to work
+6vf57lp3wmA-00462-00086200-00086294 yeah
+6vf57lp3wmA-00463-00086295-00086447 so what can we look forward to what's
+6vf57lp3wmA-00464-00086448-00086671 the future look like of rel
+6vf57lp3wmA-00465-00086672-00086950 roll 10 oh yeah more bigger stronger
+6vf57lp3wmA-00466-00086951-00087038 faster
+6vf57lp3wmA-00467-00087039-00087255 more optimized for those and such and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00468-00087256-00087503 yeah longer lower wider yeah that's
+6vf57lp3wmA-00469-00087504-00087718 right yeah that's right yeah
+6vf57lp3wmA-00470-00087719-00087950 i am curious about centos stream yeah
+6vf57lp3wmA-00471-00087951-00088087 because there was some controversy
+6vf57lp3wmA-00472-00088088-00088287 around the end of life for centos and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00473-00088288-00088447 the move to central stream
+6vf57lp3wmA-00474-00088448-00088582 a lot of people including me are not
+6vf57lp3wmA-00475-00088583-00088806 really uh clear on what stream is and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00476-00088807-00088999 how it differs from centos can you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00477-00089000-00089191 clarify that absolutely so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00478-00089192-00089367 uh when red hat enterprise linux was
+6vf57lp3wmA-00479-00089368-00089543 first created uh this was back in the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00480-00089544-00089775 days of red hat linux right and because
+6vf57lp3wmA-00481-00089776-00089926 we couldn't balance the needs of the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00482-00089927-00090111 hobbyist market from the needs of the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00483-00090112-00090343 enterprise market we split into red hat
+6vf57lp3wmA-00484-00090344-00090591 enterprise linux and fedora okay so then
+6vf57lp3wmA-00485-00090592-00090694 for
+6vf57lp3wmA-00486-00090695-00091079 15 years uh yeah about 15 years we had
+6vf57lp3wmA-00487-00091080-00091255 fedora which is where we took all of our
+6vf57lp3wmA-00488-00091256-00091455 risks that was kind of our early program
+6vf57lp3wmA-00489-00091456-00091599 where we started integrating new
+6vf57lp3wmA-00490-00091600-00091735 components new open source projects and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00491-00091736-00091871 all the rest of it and then eventually
+6vf57lp3wmA-00492-00091872-00092079 we would take that innovation and then
+6vf57lp3wmA-00493-00092080-00092223 feed it into the next version of red
+6vf57lp3wmA-00494-00092224-00092375 enterprise linux
+6vf57lp3wmA-00495-00092376-00092526 the trick with that is that the reddit
+6vf57lp3wmA-00496-00092527-00092743 enterprise linux work that we did was
+6vf57lp3wmA-00497-00092744-00092974 largely internal to red hat and wasn't
+6vf57lp3wmA-00498-00092975-00093182 accessible to partners and
+6vf57lp3wmA-00499-00093183-00093294 we just spent a lot of time talking
+6vf57lp3wmA-00500-00093295-00093391 about how much we need to be
+6vf57lp3wmA-00501-00093392-00093574 collaborating with partners they really
+6vf57lp3wmA-00502-00093575-00093735 had a lot of them had to wait until like
+6vf57lp3wmA-00503-00093736-00093887 the beta came out before they actually
+6vf57lp3wmA-00504-00093888-00094023 knew what was going to be in the box
+6vf57lp3wmA-00505-00094024-00094311 okay well that was okay for for a while
+6vf57lp3wmA-00506-00094312-00094494 but now that the market is the way that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00507-00094495-00094647 it is things are moving so quickly we
+6vf57lp3wmA-00508-00094648-00094847 need a better way to allow partners to
+6vf57lp3wmA-00509-00094848-00095062 work together with us further upstream
+6vf57lp3wmA-00510-00095063-00095223 from the actual product development so
+6vf57lp3wmA-00511-00095224-00095359 that's why we created sent to us stream
+6vf57lp3wmA-00512-00095360-00095526 so centos stream is the place where we
+6vf57lp3wmA-00513-00095527-00095726 kind of host the party and people can
+6vf57lp3wmA-00514-00095727-00095887 watch right the next version of red
+6vf57lp3wmA-00515-00095888-00096047 enterprise let's get developed in real
+6vf57lp3wmA-00516-00096048-00096238 time partners can come in and help
+6vf57lp3wmA-00517-00096239-00096382 customers can come in and help and we've
+6vf57lp3wmA-00518-00096383-00096550 been really proud of the fact that red
+6vf57lp3wmA-00519-00096551-00096726 enterprise linux 9 is the first release
+6vf57lp3wmA-00520-00096727-00096887 that came completely out of sent to a
+6vf57lp3wmA-00521-00096888-00097047 stream another way of putting that is
+6vf57lp3wmA-00522-00097048-00097303 that red enterprise linux 9 is the first
+6vf57lp3wmA-00523-00097304-00097511 uh is the first version of rel that was
+6vf57lp3wmA-00524-00097512-00097750 actually built 80 90 of it was built
+6vf57lp3wmA-00525-00097751-00097974 completely in in the open okay so that's
+6vf57lp3wmA-00526-00097975-00098159 the new playground yeah you did get a
+6vf57lp3wmA-00527-00098160-00098311 lot of negative pushback when you made
+6vf57lp3wmA-00528-00098312-00098423 the announcement is that basically
+6vf57lp3wmA-00529-00098424-00098526 because the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00530-00098527-00098694 these custom the centos users didn't
+6vf57lp3wmA-00531-00098695-00098879 understand what you were doing no i
+6vf57lp3wmA-00532-00098880-00099174 think the the centos linux uh centos
+6vf57lp3wmA-00533-00099175-00099367 when we when when we brought centos
+6vf57lp3wmA-00534-00099368-00099526 linux on this was one of the things that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00535-00099527-00099671 that we wanted to do is we wanted to
+6vf57lp3wmA-00536-00099672-00099831 create this this space where we could
+6vf57lp3wmA-00537-00099832-00099991 start collaborating with people here's
+6vf57lp3wmA-00538-00099992-00100191 the lesson we learned it is very
+6vf57lp3wmA-00539-00100192-00100438 difficult to collaborate when you are
+6vf57lp3wmA-00540-00100439-00100606 downstream of the product you're trying
+6vf57lp3wmA-00541-00100607-00100718 to improve
+6vf57lp3wmA-00542-00100719-00100862 uh because you've already shipped the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00543-00100863-00101015 product and so once you're collaborating
+6vf57lp3wmA-00544-00101016-00101126 downstream
+6vf57lp3wmA-00545-00101127-00101343 any changes you make have to go all the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00546-00101344-00101518 way up the water slide and before they
+6vf57lp3wmA-00547-00101519-00101703 can head all the way back down so this
+6vf57lp3wmA-00548-00101704-00101894 was the the real pivot that we made was
+6vf57lp3wmA-00549-00101895-00102087 moving that partnership and that
+6vf57lp3wmA-00550-00102088-00102231 collaboration activity from the
+6vf57lp3wmA-00551-00102232-00102391 downstream of red enterprise linux to
+6vf57lp3wmA-00552-00102392-00102542 putting it right in the critical path of
+6vf57lp3wmA-00553-00102543-00102727 red enterprise linux development great
+6vf57lp3wmA-00554-00102728-00102863 well thank you for that guys thanks for
+6vf57lp3wmA-00555-00102864-00103063 coming on the cube it's great to see you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00556-00103064-00103342 and uh have a great day tomorrow thanks
+6vf57lp3wmA-00557-00103343-00103486 and uh we look forward to seeing you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00558-00103488-00103790 tomorrow we start at uh 9 a.m east coast
+6vf57lp3wmA-00559-00103791-00103951 time i think the keynotes will be here
+6vf57lp3wmA-00560-00103952-00104142 right after that to to break that down
+6vf57lp3wmA-00561-00104143-00104447 paul gillin and myself this is day one
+6vf57lp3wmA-00562-00104448-00104606 for the cube's coverage of red hat
+6vf57lp3wmA-00563-00104607-00104799 summit 2022 from boston we'll see you
+6vf57lp3wmA-00564-00104800-00104927 tomorrow
+6vf57lp3wmA-00565-00104928-00106031 thanks for watching
+6vf57lp3wmA-00566-00106032-00106240 you
+6wi8nGSAjCu-00000-00000537-00001085 you
+6wi8nGSAjCu-00001-00001086-00001460 not Anka
+6wi8nGSAjCu-00002-00001461-00002319 not Anka
+6wi8nGSAjCu-00003-00002320-00002844 [Music]
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00000-00000079-00000351 our goal in working with truth tables
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00001-00000352-00000663 the whole point of this exercise
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00002-00000664-00000943 is to be able to use truth tables to
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00003-00000944-00001007 help us
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00004-00001008-00001327 analyze deductive arguments
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00005-00001328-00001671 but when we make deductive arguments
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00006-00001672-00001942 we often have quantified statements
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00007-00001943-00002199 among our premises
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00008-00002200-00002415 how can we get those into a truth table
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00009-00002416-00002615 we only can make truth tables for
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00010-00002616-00002926 compound statements made up
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00011-00002927-00003406 of simple statements simple sentences
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00012-00003407-00003799 well there's a game that we can play
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00013-00003800-00004111 where we take a universal statement this
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00014-00004112-00004447 will only work for universal statements
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00015-00004448-00004751 where we take a universal statement
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00016-00004752-00005063 and apply it to some arbitrary
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00017-00005064-00005479 thing to make a compound statement
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00018-00005480-00005822 that's called instantiating so if we
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00019-00005823-00006111 want to turn a universal statement
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00020-00006112-00006422 into a compound that we can symbolize
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00021-00006423-00006734 we start by instantiating it
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00022-00006736-00007039 we apply it to an arbitrary thing now
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00023-00007040-00007198 when we do this
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00024-00007200-00007431 we'll want to refer back to our basic
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00025-00007431-00007614 truth tables
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00026-00007615-00007814 right we have a basic truth table for
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00027-00007815-00008063 and one for or
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00028-00008064-00008319 one for if then and one for if and only
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00029-00008320-00008455 if
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00030-00008456-00008687 ultimately we will want to see if the
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00031-00008688-00008951 truth table that we end up with
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00032-00008952-00009335 matches one of those
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00033-00009336-00009774 so let's have a go at symbolizing
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00034-00009775-00010135 a positive universal statement all birds
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00035-00010136-00010310 can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00036-00010311-00010751 we have the statement all birds can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00037-00010752-00011014 what would that mean what is that
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00038-00011015-00011191 telling us
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00039-00011192-00011406 well it's telling of us us about two
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00040-00011407-00011631 categories right the category of
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00041-00011632-00012151 birds and the category of flying things
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00042-00012152-00012463 so if we apply this to some
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00043-00012464-00012774 arbitrary object
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00044-00012775-00012983 we might be saying our object is in the
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00045-00012984-00013151 category of birds
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00046-00013152-00013471 so this thing is a bird and we might be
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00047-00013472-00013671 saying it's in the category of flying
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00048-00013672-00013879 things so we might be saying this
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00049-00013880-00014255 thing can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00050-00014256-00014503 and we aren't thinking of any particular
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00051-00014504-00014622 thing
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00052-00014623-00014886 we're just considering an arbitrary
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00053-00014887-00015238 thing in the universe
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00054-00015240-00015566 but whatever it is we're talking about
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00055-00015568-00015871 statement p is that it's a bird
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00056-00015872-00016279 statement q is that it can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00057-00016280-00016535 when we're working with arguments if
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00058-00016536-00016727 there's some specific individual the
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00059-00016728-00016911 argument is about
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00060-00016912-00017071 that's what we're going to plug into
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00061-00017072-00017422 these categories
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00062-00017423-00017767 okay
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00063-00017768-00018039 now let's make a truth table involving p
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00064-00018040-00018183 and q
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00065-00018184-00018343 and to do that we're going to think
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00066-00018344-00018591 about the meaning of the statement
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00067-00018592-00018919 all birds can fly here i've started out
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00068-00018920-00019086 the truth table for us
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00069-00019087-00019414 we have a p column and a q column filled
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00070-00019415-00019671 in to give us every possible combination
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00071-00019672-00019975 of truth values for p and q
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00072-00019976-00020367 in our first row we have p is true
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00073-00020368-00020775 q is also true that means
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00074-00020776-00020958 p being true means we're looking at a
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00075-00020959-00021103 bird
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00076-00021104-00021319 q being true means the thing we're
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00077-00021320-00021567 looking at can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00078-00021568-00021943 so this thing is a bird that can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00079-00021944-00022143 if we if we're looking at something that
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00080-00022144-00022407 is a bird that can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00081-00022408-00022607 well there's nothing there to contradict
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00082-00022608-00022863 all birds can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00083-00022864-00023303 so that's just fine all birds can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00084-00023304-00023630 is still true if all of the things we
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00085-00023631-00023927 look at are birds that can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00086-00023928-00024247 if p is true and q is false
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00087-00024248-00024614 well p is true we're looking at a bird
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00088-00024615-00024942 q is false it can't fly we're looking at
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00089-00024943-00025183 a bird that cannot fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00090-00025184-00025471 well if i'm holding in my hand a bird
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00091-00025472-00025694 that cannot fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00092-00025695-00025878 then it's not the case that all birds
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00093-00025879-00025999 can't can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00094-00026000-00026367 like this bird right here can't so
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00095-00026368-00026607 if we have an arbitrary thing that's a
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00096-00026608-00026879 bird that can't fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00097-00026880-00027102 that means that all birds can fly is
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00098-00027104-00027431 false
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00099-00027432-00027743 what if p is false and q is true well
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00100-00027744-00027799 then
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00101-00027800-00028046 p is false means that i'm not looking at
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00102-00028047-00028239 a bird
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00103-00028239-00028479 q is true means that it can fly maybe
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00104-00028480-00028543 it's an
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00105-00028544-00028879 airplane or a butterfly or something
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00106-00028880-00029207 so this thing is
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00107-00029208-00029687 not a bird but it can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00108-00029688-00029855 well that doesn't say anything at all
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00109-00029856-00030055 about all birds can fly that can still
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00110-00030056-00030207 be true
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00111-00030208-00030414 i can have all sorts of non-birds that
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00112-00030416-00030511 can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00113-00030512-00030831 and all birds can fly is still true
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00114-00030832-00031223 p is false and q is false
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00115-00031224-00031583 well that means the thing i'm looking at
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00116-00031583-00031990 isn't a bird and it can't fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00117-00031991-00032318 again that doesn't tell us
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00118-00032319-00032511 anything about whether or not all birds
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00119-00032512-00032774 can fly that's no problem
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00120-00032775-00033190 so the column we get for
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00121-00033191-00033646 all birds can fly when we instantiate it
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00122-00033647-00033943 apply it to a specific thing is true
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00123-00033944-00034151 false true true
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00124-00034152-00034518 looking back at our basic truth tables
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00125-00034519-00035207 we have oh
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00126-00035208-00035590 true false true true
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00127-00035591-00035902 that's the column for if p then
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00128-00035903-00036207 q by matching the truth table
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00129-00036208-00036646 we can symbolize all birds can fly as
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00130-00036647-00037295 if p then q
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00131-00037296-00037599 how do we understand that so p is
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00132-00037600-00038071 this thing is a bird so
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00133-00038072-00038439 if something is a bird then q
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00134-00038440-00038815 um then is the thing can fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00135-00038816-00039030 right if something is a bird then it can
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00136-00039031-00039159 fly
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00137-00039160-00039399 all birds can fly yeah that means the
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00138-00039400-00039702 same thing right
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00139-00039703-00039983 so that's how we handle a positive
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00140-00039984-00040174 universal
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00141-00040175-00040487 we instantiate it we apply it to an
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00142-00040488-00040862 arbitrary thing and then we symbolize it
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00143-00040863-00040911 as
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00144-00040912-00041239 a conditional positive universals will
+6wXsZVPbrwE-00145-00041240-00041896 end up being conditionals in this form
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00000-00000000-00000932 [Music]
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00001-00000933-00001175 having classrooms where children are
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00002-00001176-00001511 engaged in sustained shared thinking a
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00003-00001512-00001703 classrooms where problem-based learning
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00004-00001704-00001928 will be happening where children are
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00005-00001929-00002191 actually able to consider inquiry and to
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00006-00002192-00002480 inquire about the world and where they
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00007-00002481-00002654 may indeed be thinking about critical
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00008-00002655-00002894 literacy and critical higher-order
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00009-00002895-00003251 thinking by engaging together by
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00010-00003252-00003470 thinking about what other children
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00011-00003471-00003725 within their spaces are thinking by
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00012-00003726-00003881 thinking about a variety of perspectives
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00013-00003882-00004121 and coming to an understanding that the
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00014-00004122-00004349 world is not something that has a right
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00015-00004350-00004588 and wrong but that in fact people think
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00016-00004589-00005027 differently I have some sad news last
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00017-00005028-00005290 week there was a big storm and my house
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00018-00005291-00005645 collapsed do you have any ideas please
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00019-00005646-00005897 write back to me if you can help from
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00020-00005898-00006175 your friend sparkles the tooth fairy
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00021-00006176-00006461 when you get yours I would like you to
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00022-00006462-00006794 just draw what you can imagine the tooth
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00023-00006795-00007076 fairy's house might look like and then
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00024-00007077-00007277 we'll put all our ideas together and
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00025-00007278-00007559 come up with a really special house for
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00026-00007559-00007829 the Tooth Fairy I said then activity up
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00027-00007830-00008051 for thinking to occur by initially
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00028-00008052-00008231 asking the children just to do their own
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00029-00008232-00008420 drawing there it was their own ideas
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00030-00008421-00008702 from the stimulus of the of the Tooth
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00031-00008703-00008882 Fairy letter so they were captivated
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00032-00008883-00009080 they were interested it's very relevant
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00033-00009081-00009248 to these children at the moment because
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00034-00009249-00009407 lots of them are losing their teeth but
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00035-00009408-00009521 it was just their little note taking
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00036-00009522-00009689 clarify their own thoughts in their
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00037-00009690-00009893 heads and build on their own thoughts as
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00038-00009894-00010091 they were doing it to then share with
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00039-00010092-00010502 the class I like a light for the tooth
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00040-00010503-00010544 fairy
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00041-00010545-00010703 why do you think the tooth fairy's house
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00042-00010704-00011192 needs the light at the front I like it
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00043-00011193-00011586 so she can't hold so she can see when
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00044-00011587-00011946 does she fly again I keep sighs at
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00045-00011947-00012324 nighttime so why do you think a life at
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00046-00012325-00012468 the front of her house might be a good
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00047-00012469-00013022 idea see where she's flying the purpose
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00048-00013024-00013275 of sharing their thinking was to to
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00049-00013276-00013509 build on the ideas to recognize other
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00050-00013510-00013887 people's ideas as positive things and to
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00051-00013888-00014091 help them extend their own thoughts and
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00052-00014091-00014313 extend their own designs they could just
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00053-00014313-00014451 have a look at that was a good idea I
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00054-00014452-00014649 can include that and I can adapt mine
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00055-00014650-00015006 this way and that so just you know more
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00056-00015007-00015276 ideas more brains to create it to build
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00057-00015277-00015546 on their on their own initial one using
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00058-00015547-00015716 all those ideas that we've come up with
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00059-00015716-00016058 so you can have another go at drawing a
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00060-00016059-00016512 beautiful strong big house I've gave the
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00061-00016513-00016707 children time to think to start with I
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00062-00016708-00017040 like to think that every child has full
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00063-00017041-00017262 of imaginative ideas and I want them to
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00064-00017263-00017436 be able to express their own ideas and
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00065-00017437-00017655 not always be led by the first child
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00066-00017656-00017841 who's answered the question therefore
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00067-00017842-00018030 they've had a chance they've done their
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00068-00018031-00018147 own thinking they've got it down there
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00069-00018148-00018402 on paper and they could then throughout
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00070-00018403-00018594 the lesson build on their ideas with
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00071-00018595-00018765 everybody else's but they've got their
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00072-00018766-00019044 own ownership of it and haven't had to
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00073-00019045-00019488 just copy from someone else then why did
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00074-00019489-00019674 you write that then because they know
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00075-00019675-00019947 the chasis the fairies so they know
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00076-00019948-00020144 where the tooth fairy's house and then
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00077-00020145-00020337 over here is what you designed after
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00078-00020338-00020606 hearing everybody else's ideas and
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00079-00020607-00020856 you've now got a house tell me about all
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00080-00020857-00021708 about this one again
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00081-00021709-00022036 that's an extremely important thing for
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00082-00022037-00022168 our children in classrooms to be
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00083-00022169-00022366 learning learning to understand about
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00084-00022367-00022558 other people's perspectives learning how
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00085-00022559-00022750 to get on together learning how to lead
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00086-00022751-00022957 and how to follow and actually
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00087-00022958-00023158 understanding that by working together
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00088-00023159-00023485 and collaborating and understanding each
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00089-00023486-00023671 other's perspectives that we indeed
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00090-00023672-00023922 ourselves are learning a lot more than
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00091-00023923-00024078 we might if we were thinking in a more
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00092-00024079-00024393 individual sense
+6x2OyWjE1sy-00093-00024394-00024893 [Music]
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00000-00000128-00000860 all right
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00001-00000861-00000892 [Music]
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00002-00000893-00001040 [Applause]
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00003-00001041-00002151 [Music]
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00004-00002152-00002897 [Music]
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00005-00002898-00003235 foreign
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00006-00003236-00003458 [Music]
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00007-00003459-00003707 [Applause]
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00008-00003708-00005553 [Music]
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00010-00008718-00008827 foreign
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00013-00015513-00015821 [Applause]
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00014-00015822-00016736 foreign
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00016-00023309-00026079 honey
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00020-00037232-00038483 [Applause]
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00021-00038484-00038724 [Music]
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00022-00038725-00038990 thank you
+6-BdjeTyGqM-00023-00038991-00039370 [Applause]
+6-PDTWbb1I0-00000-00000000-00000191 other quote the hippocratic oath is
+6-PDTWbb1I0-00001-00000192-00000471 primum non-nosari which is latin which
+6-PDTWbb1I0-00002-00000472-00000751 means first do no harm
+6-PDTWbb1I0-00003-00000752-00000991 i'm like if you cut me open or give me
+6-PDTWbb1I0-00004-00000992-00001191 chemicals that need you know have side
+6-PDTWbb1I0-00005-00001192-00001383 effects and need other drugs to make you
+6-PDTWbb1I0-00006-00001384-00001647 better how is that first not doing any
+6-PDTWbb1I0-00007-00001648-00001863 harm i think first you should do the
+6-PDTWbb1I0-00008-00001864-00002203 natural remedies
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00000-00000000-00000155 the grizzly bear
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00001-00000156-00000388 the grizzly bear also known as the North
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00002-00000389-00000634 American brown bear or simply Grizzly is
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00003-00000635-00000862 a large population or subspecies of the
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00004-00000863-00001103 brown bear inhabiting North America
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00005-00001104-00001343 multiple morphological forms sometimes
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00006-00001344-00001589 recognized as subspecies exist including
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00007-00001590-00001787 the mainland Grizzly Kodiak bear
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00008-00001788-00001997 Peninsula Grizzly and the extinct
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00009-00001998-00002255 California Mexican and ungarver Labrador
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00010-00002256-00002363 Grizzlies
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00011-00002364-00002584 on average Bears near the coast tend to
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00012-00002585-00002776 be larger while Inland Grizzlies tend to
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00013-00002777-00002891 be smaller
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00014-00002892-00003149 the usury brown bear inhabiting Russia
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00015-00003150-00003413 northern China Japan and Korea is
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00016-00003414-00003563 sometimes referred to as the black
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00017-00003564-00003713 Grizzly although it is a different
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00018-00003714-00003977 subspecies from the Bears in America
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00019-00003978-00004151 although Grizzlies are of the order
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00020-00004152-00004354 Carnivora and have the digestive system
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00021-00004355-00004517 of carnivores they are normally
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00022-00004518-00004727 omnivores their diets consist of both
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00023-00004728-00004888 plants and animals
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00024-00004889-00005069 they have been known to prey on large
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00025-00005070-00005320 mammals when available such as moose elk
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00026-00005321-00005549 Caribou white-tailed deer mule deer
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00027-00005550-00005806 bighorn sheep bison and even black bears
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00028-00005807-00005951 though they are more likely to take
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00029-00005952-00006136 calves and injured individuals rather
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00030-00006137-00006299 than healthy adults
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00031-00006300-00006509 grizzly bears feed on fish such as
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00032-00006509-00006719 salmon trout and base and those with
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00033-00006720-00006905 access to a more protein-enriched diet
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00034-00006906-00007133 in coastal areas potentially grow larger
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00035-00007134-00007306 than Inland individuals
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00036-00007308-00007559 grizzly bears also readily scavenge food
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00037-00007559-00007739 or carry and left behind by other
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00038-00007740-00007846 animals
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00039-00007847-00008063 grizzly bears will also eat birds and
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00040-00008064-00008231 their eggs and gather in large numbers
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00041-00008232-00008435 at fishing sites to feed on spawning
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00042-00008436-00008717 salmon they frequently prey on baby deer
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00043-00008718-00008909 left in the grass and occasionally they
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00044-00008910-00009095 raid the nests of raptors such as bald
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00045-00009096-00009209 eagles
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00046-00009210-00009353 appearance
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00047-00009354-00009683 most adult female Grizzlies weigh 130 to
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00048-00009684-00009983 180 kilograms while adult males weigh on
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00049-00009984-00010349 average 180 to 360 kilogram
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00050-00010350-00010583 average total length in this subspecies
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00051-00010584-00010846 is 198 centimeters with an average
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00052-00010847-00011087 shoulder height of 102 centimeters and
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00053-00011088-00011345 hinfoot length of 28 centimeters
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00054-00011346-00011596 newborn bears May weigh less than 500
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00055-00011597-00011710 grams
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00056-00011711-00011956 in the Yukon river area mature female
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00057-00011957-00012149 Grizzlies can weigh as little as 100
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00058-00012150-00012287 kilogram
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00059-00012288-00012496 for a female these average weights would
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00060-00012497-00012863 be 136 kilograms Inland and 227
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00061-00012863-00013115 kilograms Coastal respectively
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00062-00013116-00013319 one study found that the average weight
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00063-00013319-00013536 for an inland male grizzly was around
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00064-00013537-00013822 272 kilograms and the average weight for
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00065-00013823-00014141 a coastal male was around 408 kilogram
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00066-00014141-00014380 occasionally a huge male grizzly has
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00067-00014381-00014591 been recorded whose size greatly exceeds
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00068-00014591-00014843 ordinary with weights reported up to 680
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00069-00014844-00014957 kilogram
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00070-00014958-00015191 a large Coastal male of this size May
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00071-00015191-00015377 stand up to three meters tall on its
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00072-00015378-00015629 hind legs and be up to 1.5 meters at the
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00073-00015630-00015725 shoulder
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00074-00015726-00015941 although variable in color from blonde
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00075-00015941-00016138 to nearly black grizzly bear fur is
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00076-00016140-00016307 typically brown with darker legs and
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00077-00016308-00016499 commonly white or blonde tipped fur on
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00078-00016500-00016636 the flank and back
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00079-00016637-00016865 a pronounced muscular hump appears on
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00080-00016866-00017080 adult Grizzlies shoulders black bears do
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00081-00017081-00017200 not have this hump
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00082-00017201-00017422 aside from the distinguishing hump a
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00083-00017423-00017621 grizzly bear can be identified by a
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00084-00017622-00017807 distinct profile of their face with
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00085-00017808-00017999 short rounded ears whereas a black bear
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00086-00018000-00018215 has a straight face profile and longer
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00087-00018216-00018472 ears a grizzly bear can also be
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00088-00018473-00018665 identified by its rump which is lower
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00089-00018666-00018857 than its shoulders a black bear's rump
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00090-00018858-00019036 is higher than its shoulders
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00091-00019037-00019258 a grizzly bear's front claws measure
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00092-00019259-00019457 about two to four inches in length a
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00093-00019458-00019643 black bear's claws measure about one to
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00094-00019644-00019811 two inches in length
+6_iPIg2TL6c-00095-00019812-00020126 thanks for watching
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00000-00001807-00002023 right so we had just started looking at
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00001-00002023-00002239 linear response theory and just to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00002-00002240-00002542 recapitulate what i said last time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00003-00002543-00002687 we had
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00004-00002688-00003055 valuable
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00005-00003056-00003463 operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00006-00003464-00003535 l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00007-00003536-00003719 which determined for any system
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00008-00003720-00003967 hamiltonian system which determine time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00009-00003968-00004351 evolution so the statement was that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00010-00004352-00004686 the time derivative of any observable
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00011-00004687-00005022 b for instance d b over d t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00012-00005023-00005175 was equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00013-00005176-00005311 i l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00014-00005312-00005583 acting on b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00015-00005584-00005783 and one has to solve this equation of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00016-00005784-00006079 motion if you like in abstract form
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00017-00006080-00006391 where
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00018-00006392-00006534 l on b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00019-00006536-00007087 was either equal to i times
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00020-00007088-00007270 the poisson bracket
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00021-00007272-00007406 of ah
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00022-00007408-00007663 well in quantum mechanics it was easier
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00023-00007664-00007927 it was h with b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00024-00007928-00008214 divided by i h cross
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00025-00008215-00008342 this fashion
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00026-00008343-00008655 or in classical physics it was h
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00027-00008656-00008767 with b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00028-00008768-00009014 possum bracket
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00029-00009015-00009695 and this was the commutator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00030-00009696-00010614 whereas this is the poisson bracket
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00031-00010615-00010863 and whereas this was true in classical
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00032-00010864-00010999 mechanics
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00033-00011000-00011127 this is true
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00034-00011128-00011567 in quantum mechanics
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00035-00011568-00011823 that's the effect of this operation on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00036-00011824-00012127 any observer b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00037-00012128-00012278 but what you need to do for time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00038-00012279-00012542 dependence explicit time dependence is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00039-00012543-00013079 formally
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00040-00013080-00013263 b of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00041-00013263-00013566 is equal to the exponential e to the i l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00042-00013568-00013671 t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00043-00013672-00013935 on b of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00044-00013936-00014166 so one has to exponentiate this livable
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00045-00014168-00014391 operator which is not always trivial to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00046-00014391-00014566 do
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00047-00014568-00014822 in quantum mechanics we know explicitly
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00048-00014823-00015086 what this stands for this fellow here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00049-00015087-00015375 its e to the i h t e to the minus i h t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00050-00015376-00015671 n either side of b of zero in classical
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00051-00015672-00015879 mechanics it means that you have to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00052-00015880-00016166 write down when you write this down you
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00053-00016168-00016407 solve the hamilton equations of motion
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00054-00016408-00016575 and then you have b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00055-00016576-00016999 of q of t and p of t inside the argument
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00056-00017000-00017150 okay
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00057-00017151-00017350 we will find it convenient to use this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00058-00017351-00017511 notation when we need to compute
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00059-00017512-00017686 something will go back and explicitly
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00060-00017687-00017903 write out what these things are but till
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00061-00017904-00018119 then the formal relation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00062-00018120-00018279 ah
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00063-00018280-00018503 this expression for the time development
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00064-00018504-00018814 operator is very useful ok we also saw
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00065-00018815-00019047 this property that on an appropriate
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00066-00019048-00019335 space l was equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00067-00019336-00019511 l dagger
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00068-00019512-00019983 implies that u of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00069-00019984-00020271 which is e to the ilt
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00070-00020272-00020591 is equal is such that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00071-00020592-00020830 u u dagger
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00072-00020831-00021063 equal to the identity operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00073-00021064-00021383 it is a unitary operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00074-00021384-00021630 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00075-00021631-00021807 and this came about the interpretation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00076-00021808-00022022 of this fact is that probability is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00077-00022023-00022230 conserved or measure is preserved or
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00078-00022231-00022414 whatever ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00079-00022415-00022550 now
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00080-00022551-00022839 having got this expression exp what we
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00081-00022840-00022999 would like to do is to extend this to a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00082-00023000-00023230 case where this l becomes time dependent
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00083-00023231-00023414 in an explicit way
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00084-00023415-00023575 so this is fine as long as the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00085-00023576-00023735 hamiltonian you are talking about is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00086-00023736-00023894 autonomous does not have a time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00087-00023895-00024094 dependence but the moment you have an
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00088-00024095-00024342 explicit time dependence in h
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00089-00024343-00024607 then matters become more complicated so
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00090-00024608-00024799 in particular if you notice we are
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00091-00024800-00024991 interested in a situation where the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00092-00024992-00025135 hamiltonian
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00093-00025136-00025263 h of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00094-00025264-00025463 is equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00095-00025464-00026423 h naught which is t independent
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00096-00026424-00026695 the unperturbed hamiltonian
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00097-00026695-00026983 and then a perturbation which is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00098-00026983-00027199 h prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00099-00027200-00027535 which is a function of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00100-00027536-00027839 where h prime of t has the form
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00101-00027839-00027943 minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00102-00027944-00028055 some a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00103-00028056-00028431 times f of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00104-00028432-00028655 so its some generalized force if you
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00105-00028656-00029246 like
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00106-00029247-00029439 and this is the operator pertaining to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00107-00029439-00029702 the system to which this force couples
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00108-00029704-00029918 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00109-00029919-00030118 so that is the form of the perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00110-00030119-00030287 and we'd now like to solve the same
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00111-00030288-00030502 problem find physical averages of any
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00112-00030503-00030743 arbitrary quantity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00113-00030744-00030918 in the presence of this time dependent
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00114-00030919-00031118 perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00115-00031119-00031390 so we start by saying that at t equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00116-00031391-00031551 minus infinity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00117-00031552-00031758 the perturbation is not yet switched on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00118-00031760-00031967 the system is in equilibrium i could
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00119-00031968-00032255 start from in any finite time but if i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00120-00032256-00032511 set the stage where the perturbation is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00121-00032512-00032758 switched on to be minus infinity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00122-00032760-00032935 then it is clear that every other case
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00123-00032936-00033167 is a special case i can switch it off
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00124-00033168-00033351 till sometime and then start it off and
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00125-00033352-00033455 so on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00126-00033456-00033695 we will see what transients will do so
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00127-00033696-00034087 we will assume that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00128-00034088-00034215 at
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00129-00034216-00034479 t equal to minus infinity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00130-00034480-00034799 there is no perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00131-00034800-00035502 the hamiltonian is just h naught
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00132-00035503-00035751 and the system of interest is in
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00133-00035752-00036062 equilibrium in the canonical ensemble
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00134-00036063-00036390 so we will assume that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00135-00036391-00036695 and the system
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00136-00036696-00036902 of interest
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00137-00036903-00037883 is in thermal
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00138-00037884-00039102 equilibrium at temperature t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00139-00039103-00039287 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00140-00039288-00039367 then
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00141-00039368-00039599 the systems physical quantities are all
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00142-00039600-00039855 the average values are all specified by
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00143-00039856-00040118 a thermal average with respect to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00144-00040119-00040311 the density operator of the canonical
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00145-00040312-00040615 ensemble so for instance the average
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00146-00040616-00040759 value of b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00147-00040760-00040911 in equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00148-00040912-00041062 and i will use this subscript for
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00149-00041063-00041239 equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00150-00041240-00041558 this will be equal to for any quantity b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00151-00041559-00041927 this will be equal to trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00152-00041928-00042039 b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00153-00042040-00042423 times row equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00154-00042424-00042662 where we set trace row equilibrium to be
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00155-00042663-00042871 equal to one we have always we are going
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00156-00042872-00043127 to normalize our density matrix so that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00157-00043128-00043311 the trace of this quenching matrix is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00158-00043312-00044111 one
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00159-00044112-00044439 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00160-00044440-00044790 so row equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00161-00044791-00045223 is equal to e to the minus beta h naught
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00162-00045224-00045502 divided by trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00163-00045503-00046102 e to the minus beta h naught
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00164-00046103-00046358 this part is a scalar its just a number
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00165-00046359-00046607 this is where the operator is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00166-00046608-00047118 the trace of it is by definition one
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00167-00047119-00047399 so this is what we start with system is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00168-00047400-00047574 in equilibrium at t equal to minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00169-00047575-00047855 infinity you switch on the perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00170-00047856-00048039 and then you ask what is the value of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00171-00048040-00048239 the average value of any quantity of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00172-00048240-00048446 interest to you
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00173-00048447-00048646 let us take such a generic quantity to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00174-00048647-00048758 be b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00175-00048759-00048951 i want to distinguish it from this a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00176-00048952-00049255 because it does not have to be a itself
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00177-00049256-00049439 there could be a special case where b is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00178-00049440-00049615 equal to a you are observing that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00179-00049616-00049783 quantity which appears in the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00180-00049784-00050023 hamiltonian perturbation but in general
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00181-00050024-00050351 is some other quantity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00182-00050352-00050607 we want to now know what the expectation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00183-00050608-00050886 value of this b is out of equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00184-00050887-00051143 away from equilibrium in the absence of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00185-00051144-00051319 in the presence of this perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00186-00051320-00051630 here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00187-00051632-00051782 we will assume
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00188-00051783-00052094 that this perturbation is small
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00189-00052095-00052335 in a very specific sense in the sense
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00190-00052336-00052430 that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00191-00052432-00052615 second order terms in this perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00192-00052616-00052815 will be neglected
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00193-00052816-00053007 so its small compared to this and we
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00194-00053008-00053487 want the correction to first order
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00195-00053488-00053775 so how does one go about it well it is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00196-00053776-00054007 obvious that the density matrix itself
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00197-00054008-00054166 will change
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00198-00054167-00054342 the new density matrix will not be the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00199-00054344-00054591 old density matrix at all be some new
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00200-00054591-00054838 quantity of some kind so
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00201-00054839-00054926 rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00202-00054927-00055135 equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00203-00055136-00055454 will now go to rho of p
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00204-00055455-00055775 which is equal to rho equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00205-00055776-00055982 plus a delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00206-00055983-00056082 of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00207-00056083-00056350 t correct to first order in the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00208-00056351-00056487 perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00209-00056488-00056623 right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00210-00056624-00057054 similarly the luvial operator l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00211-00057055-00057215 instead of the equilibrium level
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00212-00057216-00057342 operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00213-00057344-00058030 the l will go to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00214-00058032-00058271 plus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00215-00058272-00058463 let me use
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00216-00058464-00058766 another term for it let me call it delta
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00217-00058767-00059279 l perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00218-00059279-00059535 the extra portion which comes because of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00219-00059536-00059830 this portion of the hamiltonian
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00220-00059832-00060287 the h prime part
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00221-00060288-00060487 again l perturbation will be a first
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00222-00060488-00060791 order
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00223-00060791-00060999 so now how would we compute a thing like
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00224-00061000-00061094 this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00225-00061095-00061350 well you take this now the quantum
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00226-00061351-00061526 mechanical language makes these things
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00227-00061527-00061815 explicit you can see what will happen
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00228-00061816-00062094 these operators
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00229-00062095-00062350 to start with at t equal to minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00230-00062351-00062526 infinity there in the schrodinger
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00231-00062527-00062735 picture before you have actually
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00232-00062736-00062871 switched on a time dependent
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00233-00062872-00063094 perturbation ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00234-00063095-00063311 and once you switch it on they change
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00235-00063312-00063430 with time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00236-00063432-00063630 and the change in time of any physical
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00237-00063632-00063966 quantity can be done one of two ways
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00238-00063967-00064206 either you have a time dependent density
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00239-00064207-00064350 operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00240-00064351-00064542 and you trace and you take expectation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00241-00064544-00064806 value with respect to that time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00242-00064807-00065126 dependent density operator of a time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00243-00065127-00065311 independent operator the schrodinger
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00244-00065312-00065454 operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00245-00065455-00065623 or you make the operator have time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00246-00065624-00065799 dependence
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00247-00065800-00065950 to first order
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00248-00065951-00066191 in the perturbation and compute averages
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00249-00066192-00066415 with respect to the equilibrium density
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00250-00066416-00066679 matrix this would not matter it does not
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00251-00066680-00066847 matter which one you do depends on what
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00252-00066848-00067071 is convenient to you but at a formal
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00253-00067072-00067215 level
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00254-00067216-00067447 we could write the following we could
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00255-00067448-00067726 write delta over delta t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00256-00067727-00067967 rho of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00257-00067968-00068159 equal to minus i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00258-00068160-00069087 l so let me call this equal to l total
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00259-00069088-00069279 l total
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00260-00069280-00069423 row
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00261-00069424-00069703 that's the equation satisfied by
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00262-00069704-00069911 the density operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00263-00069912-00070126 this here is called the fond neumann
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00264-00070127-00070375 equation in quantum mechanics or the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00265-00070376-00070879 livable equation in classical mechanics
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00266-00070880-00071135 so this is equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00267-00071136-00071326 minus i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00268-00071327-00071494 l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00269-00071495-00071694 equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00270-00071695-00072071 plus l perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00271-00072072-00072199 acting on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00272-00072200-00072359 row equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00273-00072360-00072550 plus delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00274-00072551-00073103 which is a function of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00275-00073104-00073335 formally
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00276-00073336-00073535 but this is equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00277-00073536-00073679 minus i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00278-00073680-00073743 l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00279-00073744-00073871 equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00280-00073872-00074159 acting on row equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00281-00074160-00074535 minus i l perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00282-00074536-00074862 acting on row equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00283-00074863-00075023 minus i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00284-00075024-00075679 l equilibrium acting on delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00285-00075680-00075887 and then the last term
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00286-00075888-00076031 minus i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00287-00076032-00076247 l perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00288-00076248-00076767 acting on delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00289-00076768-00077023 there are four terms at a formal in a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00290-00077024-00077311 formal sense
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00291-00077312-00077687 but this term is of higher order
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00292-00077688-00077991 in the perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00293-00077992-00078175 because this is perturbation and that is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00294-00078176-00078375 also perturbation this is clearly of at
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00295-00078376-00079023 least second order in the perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00296-00079024-00079223 so if i drop that term
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00297-00079224-00079599 then this is an approximation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00298-00079600-00080350 correct to first order
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00299-00080351-00080815 right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00300-00080816-00081591 what can i say about the first term
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00301-00081592-00081806 this involves here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00302-00081807-00082031 a possum bracket or whatever
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00303-00082032-00082247 of function of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00304-00082248-00082447 h h naught
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00305-00082448-00082679 acting on h naught rho equilibrium is a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00306-00082680-00082855 function of h naught
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00307-00082856-00083271 right and h naught commutes with itself
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00308-00083272-00083462 so we know delta rho equilibrium over
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00309-00083463-00083575 delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00310-00083576-00083847 is zero because we know that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00311-00083848-00084023 that must satisfy this a trivial
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00312-00084024-00084238 statement but let me
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00313-00084239-00084367 write it out
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00314-00084368-00084526 i mean formally
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00315-00084527-00084831 delta rho equilibrium over delta t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00316-00084832-00084967 equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00317-00084968-00085047 i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00318-00085048-00085399 l equilibrium on row equilibrium and row
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00319-00085400-00085535 equilibrium does not have any time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00320-00085536-00085718 dependence at all
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00321-00085719-00086415 so this is 0 by definition
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00322-00086416-00086623 this involves h naught exponentiation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00323-00086624-00086815 etcetera this involves h naught and they
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00324-00086816-00087023 commute with each other so this thing is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00325-00087024-00087199 zero classical or quantum it does not
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00326-00087200-00087399 matter ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00327-00087400-00087582 incidentally going back to equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00328-00087583-00087799 statistical mechanics its because this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00329-00087800-00088062 is 0 that we can assert and this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00330-00088063-00088294 involves h naught that we can assert
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00331-00088295-00088726 that this must be a function of h naught
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00332-00088727-00088887 right i mean the equilibrium density
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00333-00088888-00089150 matrix in the canonical micro canonical
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00334-00089151-00089391 whatever ensemble is a function of the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00335-00089392-00089759 unperturbed hamiltonian always
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00336-00089760-00090015 what function it is cannot be given got
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00337-00090016-00090223 from this equation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00338-00090224-00090350 this serves as
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00339-00090351-00090543 the equilibrium statistical mechanics
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00340-00090544-00090750 density operator serves as a kind of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00341-00090751-00091006 boundary condition on this equation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00342-00091007-00091238 at t equal to minus infinity is some
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00343-00091239-00091423 function of h naught and what function
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00344-00091424-00091606 it is depends on the physics depends on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00345-00091607-00091911 the ensemble and it is therefore put in
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00346-00091912-00092191 not from this level equation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00347-00092192-00092294 but from
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00348-00092295-00092526 equilibrium statistical mechanics you
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00349-00092527-00092726 need to derive that so that's the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00350-00092727-00092903 standard derivation in equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00351-00092904-00093126 statistical mechanics
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00352-00093127-00093374 for us we assume this is given this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00353-00093375-00093582 quantity is given by the canonical
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00354-00093583-00093935 ensemble okay
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00355-00093936-00094718 so this term is zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00356-00094719-00094918 it's identically zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00357-00094919-00095079 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00358-00095080-00095223 so that gives us a first order
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00359-00095224-00095455 differential equation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00360-00095456-00095615 for this quantity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00361-00095616-00095847 in which
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00362-00095848-00095999 this thing here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00363-00096000-00096262 acting on delta rho is something we know
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00364-00096263-00096526 we know what this l equilibrium does
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00365-00096527-00096606 right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00366-00096607-00096894 so i can write this down that equation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00367-00096895-00097279 down as
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00368-00097280-00097535 delta over delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00369-00097536-00097647 ah sorry
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00370-00097648-00097926 delta over delta t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00371-00097927-00098143 delta rho of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00372-00098144-00098311 plus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00373-00098312-00098559 ah
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00374-00098560-00098679 i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00375-00098680-00098943 l let me write this carefully
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00376-00098944-00099447 um
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00377-00099448-00099543 yes
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00378-00099544-00099823 l equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00379-00099824-00099982 on delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00380-00099983-00100199 is equal to minus i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00381-00100200-00100271 l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00382-00100272-00100494 perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00383-00100495-00101262 on rho equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00384-00101263-00101631 ah is it right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00385-00101632-00101799 yes
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00386-00101800-00101926 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00387-00101927-00102071 right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00388-00102072-00102271 so this function is known to me this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00389-00102272-00102510 quantity is known to me
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00390-00102511-00102702 and this term here this delta rho is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00391-00102703-00102854 unknown to me and this is a first order
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00392-00102855-00103151 differential equation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00393-00103152-00103318 notice that there is time dependence
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00394-00103319-00103551 here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00395-00103552-00103910 this is a function of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00396-00103911-00105639 there is time dependence here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00397-00105640-00105975 yes this acts like some kind of source
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00398-00105976-00106215 this term here is time independent delta
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00399-00106216-00106447 rho has time dependence here and we can
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00400-00106448-00106734 write the solution to this equation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00401-00106735-00107054 so formally
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00402-00107055-00107207 delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00403-00107208-00107334 of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00404-00107335-00107502 equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00405-00107503-00107710 this is an inhomogeneous equation for
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00406-00107711-00107847 delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00407-00107848-00108023 so the answer is a function is a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00408-00108024-00108231 particular integral plus a complementary
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00409-00108232-00108431 function
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00410-00108432-00108558 but now i am going to choose the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00411-00108559-00108766 complementary function
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00412-00108767-00108983 such that delta rho is zero at t equal
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00413-00108983-00109134 to minus infinity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00414-00109135-00109478 thats the boundary condition
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00415-00109479-00109775 so
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00416-00109776-00110686 delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00417-00110688-00110902 because at t equal to minus infinity the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00418-00110903-00111078 density operator was the equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00419-00111079-00111302 density operator therefore delta rho was
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00420-00111303-00111615 identically zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00421-00111616-00111999 together this now implies a solution
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00422-00112000-00112247 delta rho of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00423-00112248-00112431 equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00424-00112432-00112623 only the complement only the particular
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00425-00112624-00112823 integral the complementary function has
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00426-00112824-00113063 gone to zero by the boundary condition
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00427-00113064-00113310 so its an integral from minus infinity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00428-00113311-00113447 up to t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00429-00113448-00113863 d t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00430-00113864-00114110 times integrating factor
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00431-00114111-00114375 e to the p d x or whatever it is the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00432-00114376-00114623 integrating factor here is e to the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00433-00114624-00114775 minus i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00434-00114776-00114975 l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00435-00114976-00115343 equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00436-00115344-00115647 of t minus t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00437-00115648-00115943 now times t minus t prime sorry so i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00438-00115944-00116239 better write it
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00439-00116240-00116631 not to avoid confusion t minus t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00440-00116632-00116878 n equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00441-00116879-00117295 and that must act on this fellow
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00442-00117296-00117527 so it must act on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00443-00117528-00117702 minus i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00444-00117703-00117934 l perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00445-00117935-00118319 and what time argument should i put in
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00446-00118320-00118551 p prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00447-00118552-00118695 of t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00448-00118696-00119415 rho equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00449-00119416-00120447 right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00450-00120448-00120743 so notice exactly as we expected
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00451-00120744-00120983 this portion is involves the exponential
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00452-00120983-00121319 of this density of this level operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00453-00121320-00121463 but the portion that involves the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00454-00121464-00121671 perturbation is linear
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00455-00121672-00121934 in this quantity here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00456-00121935-00122151 as we expected because we dropped this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00457-00122152-00122278 term
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00458-00122279-00122439 we dropped this term otherwise you would
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00459-00122440-00122654 have had to exponentiate this term and
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00460-00122655-00122895 since it is time dependent you cannot
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00461-00122896-00123086 even write the solution that easily you
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00462-00123088-00123278 have to write a time ordered exponential
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00463-00123279-00123478 or something so the formal expression is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00464-00123479-00123671 very complicated
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00465-00123672-00123847 but to first order in the perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00466-00123848-00124078 it is very simple
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00467-00124079-00124271 now let us simplify that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00468-00124272-00124478 so this gives you
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00469-00124479-00124975 in the next stage
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00470-00124976-00125207 let us write down what this fellow is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00471-00125208-00125390 remember that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00472-00125391-00125663 l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00473-00125664-00125807 let me write this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00474-00125808-00125934 properly
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00475-00125935-00126214 um
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00476-00126215-00126334 yes
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00477-00126335-00126527 remember that the livable operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00478-00126528-00126710 acting on any function
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00479-00126711-00126854 or operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00480-00126855-00127071 was actually given by
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00481-00127072-00127254 i times
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00482-00127255-00127519 ah
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00483-00127520-00127727 you have to know remind me what it was
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00484-00127728-00128102 here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00485-00128103-00128358 h with f
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00486-00128359-00128551 or
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00487-00128552-00128727 h with f
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00488-00128728-00128883 divided by h
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00489-00128883-00129134 cross that is what the livable operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00490-00129135-00129278 did ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00491-00129279-00129471 the reason i am messing around is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00492-00129472-00129623 because
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00493-00129624-00129878 the this thing here is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00494-00129879-00130007 hermitian
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00495-00130008-00130151 so that is the reason i have to take out
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00496-00130152-00130319 this i factor to make sure the time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00497-00130320-00130502 development operator is unitary and its
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00498-00130503-00130766 a nuisance keeping track of this i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00499-00130767-00131047 so what does this become minus ilf
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00500-00131048-00131375 becomes just this you agree
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00501-00131376-00131711 it becomes just this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00502-00131712-00131863 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00503-00131864-00132039 so let me define
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00504-00132040-00132390 a bracket so that i stop ah
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00505-00132391-00132623 carrying this symbol around all the time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00506-00132624-00133063 lets define
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00507-00133064-00133527 define
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00508-00133528-00133727 the bracket of two quantities let us
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00509-00133728-00133983 call it a and b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00510-00133984-00134199 to be by definition
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00511-00134200-00134663 equal to either the possum bracket
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00512-00134664-00135039 or the commutator of a b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00513-00135040-00135214 over a cross
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00514-00135215-00135454 let me just use this round bracket as a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00515-00135455-00135654 symbol to denote either the poisson
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00516-00135655-00135839 bracket or the quantum version of it
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00517-00135840-00136087 which is the commutator divided by
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00518-00136088-00136311 i h cross ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00519-00136312-00136390 so
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00520-00136391-00136478 this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00521-00136479-00138039 l with minus i l with f is h with f
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00522-00138040-00138502 right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00523-00138503-00139295 so what happens here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00524-00139296-00139383 right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00525-00139384-00139631 so let us let us write this out
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00526-00139632-00139799 so it says
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00527-00139800-00140031 delta rho of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00528-00140032-00140271 t just a bit of notation i want to keep
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00529-00140272-00140471 all the i factors right otherwise we run
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00530-00140472-00140647 into trouble later on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00531-00140648-00141287 so it is equal to this guy
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00532-00141288-00141566 integral minus infinity to t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00533-00141567-00141775 d t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00534-00141776-00142151 e to the minus i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00535-00142152-00142335 t minus t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00536-00142336-00142414 l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00537-00142415-00142839 equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00538-00142840-00143175 times the bracket
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00539-00143176-00143343 of ah
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00540-00143344-00143590 minus i l perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00541-00143591-00143839 times rho equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00542-00143840-00144071 and that is equal to h prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00543-00144072-00144471 with whatever this is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00544-00144472-00144663 so this is the round
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00545-00144664-00144887 bracket of h prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00546-00144888-00145054 of p prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00547-00145055-00145166 with
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00548-00145167-00145526 rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00549-00145527-00145695 because that is my definition of this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00550-00145696-00145919 guy
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00551-00145920-00146231 for l perturbation the hamiltonian is h
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00552-00146232-00146631 prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00553-00146632-00146902 so that is the form
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00554-00146903-00147102 but we already know that this is equal
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00555-00147103-00147423 to minus integral minus infinity to t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00556-00147424-00147599 d t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00557-00147600-00147935 ah let us take out this guy f of t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00558-00147936-00148087 because that is sitting here the time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00559-00148088-00148390 dependence is in a scalar function
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00560-00148391-00148766 times e to the minus i l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00561-00148767-00148919 i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00562-00148920-00149111 t minus t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00563-00149112-00149223 l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00564-00149224-00149431 equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00565-00149432-00149623 on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00566-00149624-00150023 a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00567-00150024-00150302 in the schrodinger picture a rho equals
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00568-00150303-00150390 b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00569-00150391-00150575 now lets start let me start inserting
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00570-00150576-00150751 time arguments in this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00571-00150752-00150951 this a that appeared in the hamiltonian
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00572-00150952-00151183 was in the schrodinger picture
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00573-00151184-00151319 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00574-00151320-00151535 a at t equal to 0 that is when i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00575-00151536-00151766 switched on the perturbation coupled to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00576-00151767-00151863 this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00577-00151864-00152159 dynamical variable here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00578-00152160-00152414 so this is the formal expression ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00579-00152415-00152663 but you could also write this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00580-00152664-00152895 as equal to minus integral minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00581-00152896-00153111 infinity to t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00582-00153112-00153263 d t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00583-00153264-00153487 f of t prime notice that all the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00584-00153488-00153695 operators are sitting here in quantum in
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00585-00153696-00153919 the quantum case in the classical case
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00586-00153920-00154135 the dynamical variables that evolve are
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00587-00154136-00154326 sitting here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00588-00154327-00154543 this quantity is a prescribed function
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00589-00154544-00154695 you have to tell me what is the time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00590-00154696-00154839 dependence of the force that you are
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00591-00154840-00155207 applying
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00592-00155208-00155302 times
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00593-00155303-00155559 e to the i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00594-00155560-00155814 t prime minus t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00595-00155815-00156063 l equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00596-00156064-00156190 acting on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00597-00156191-00156271 a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00598-00156272-00156526 of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00599-00156527-00156654 comma rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00600-00156655-00157231 equals
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00601-00157232-00157831 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00602-00157832-00158935 what should i do next
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00603-00158936-00159190 what should i do next
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00604-00159191-00159526 find me
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00605-00159527-00159719 well do i have to expand it exponent
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00606-00159720-00159911 what is this acting on what is this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00607-00159912-00160359 equilibrium going to act on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00608-00160360-00160487 its finally going to give some
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00609-00160488-00160695 commutator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00610-00160696-00160854 this fellow here is going to give some
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00611-00160855-00161126 time dependence to quantities will it
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00612-00161127-00161478 change this at all
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00613-00161479-00161726 no this is the argument that is going to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00614-00161727-00162014 change this is the time argument so what
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00615-00162015-00162319 is e to the ilt on whatever
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00616-00162320-00162702 is inside
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00617-00162703-00162814 on any
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00618-00162815-00163078 f
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00619-00163079-00163263 of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00620-00163264-00163959 equal to f of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00621-00163960-00164183 right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00622-00164184-00164463 by definition but now a subtlety little
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00623-00164464-00164671 subtlety that arises
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00624-00164672-00165311 fund me
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00625-00165312-00165438 no it's correct
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00626-00165439-00165671 it's correct
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00627-00165672-00165935 no no no e to the i l let me be neutral
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00628-00165936-00166366 here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00629-00166367-00166638 this is true for any operator right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00630-00166639-00166943 okay
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00631-00166944-00167087 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00632-00167088-00167607 now what i have is l equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00633-00167608-00167871 so this is the time dependence
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00634-00167872-00168302 as per what hamiltonian
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00635-00168303-00168583 h prime or h naught or the sum of the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00636-00168584-00168735 two
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00637-00168736-00168966 h naught so really it is the schrodinger
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00638-00168967-00169166 picture operator which is going to the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00639-00169167-00169454 heisenberg picture operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00640-00169455-00169935 as governed by h naught
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00641-00169936-00170111 so the quantum way of writing it is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00642-00170112-00170359 easier
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00643-00170360-00170623 this thing here is equal to e to the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00644-00170624-00170766 power
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00645-00170767-00171190 i h naught t over h cross
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00646-00171191-00171335 f of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00647-00171336-00171623 tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00648-00171624-00171790 e to the minus i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00649-00171791-00171983 h naught tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00650-00171984-00172366 over h cross
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00651-00172367-00172511 we know that is the solution to the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00652-00172512-00172790 heisenberg equation of motion
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00653-00172791-00173054 for any operator in quantum mechanics
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00654-00173055-00173238 governed by a time independent
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00655-00173239-00173607 hamiltonian h naught
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00656-00173608-00173775 so i have assumed that you already know
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00657-00173776-00174063 that solution ok is it is everyone does
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00658-00174064-00174278 everyone feel comfortable with that or
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00659-00174279-00174495 so
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00660-00174496-00174695 exactly without saying so i am going to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00661-00174696-00174935 an interaction picture
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00662-00174936-00175119 i will explain in physical terms what
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00663-00175120-00175383 this means you see you switched on a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00664-00175384-00175623 perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00665-00175624-00175878 the hamiltonian that you started with h
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00666-00175879-00176471 naught you added to it an h prime of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00667-00176472-00176751 if you did not have this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00668-00176752-00177014 quantities will still evolve with time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00669-00177015-00177399 as governed by this hamiltonian
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00670-00177400-00177623 by the unperturbed hamiltonian and we
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00671-00177624-00177883 assume that that problem we can
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00672-00177884-00178135 solve now we ask what happens if i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00673-00178136-00178375 switch on a time dependent perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00674-00178376-00178551 to the hamiltonian
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00675-00178552-00178647 then
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00676-00178648-00178926 it is convenient do the following when
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00677-00178927-00179102 you try to find out the time dependence
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00678-00179103-00179375 of physical quantities other averages
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00679-00179376-00179687 it is convenient to remove
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00680-00179688-00179871 the known time dependence of those
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00681-00179872-00180071 operators due to this part of the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00682-00180072-00180375 hamiltonian
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00683-00180376-00180526 and then you ask what is the effect of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00684-00180527-00181102 the perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00685-00181103-00181326 its like this suppose
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00686-00181327-00181614 you have a system which is static
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00687-00181615-00181863 and then you set it rotating
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00688-00181864-00182207 with some constant angular frequency
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00689-00182208-00182390 then a convenient way of understanding
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00690-00182391-00182647 the dynamics is to go to a co rotating
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00691-00182648-00182871 frame at which in which it appears to be
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00692-00182872-00183087 at rest
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00693-00183088-00183247 and then if you perturb the system
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00694-00183248-00183366 further there may be a little bit of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00695-00183367-00183575 jiggling etcetera etcetera and you can
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00696-00183576-00183838 analyze that separately in the core
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00697-00183839-00184166 rotating frame of reference
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00698-00184167-00184295 once you have done that you can always
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00699-00184296-00184543 go back to the original frame by undoing
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00700-00184544-00184743 this rotation ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00701-00184744-00184926 so this is what is the meaning of the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00702-00184927-00185143 interaction picture when you have an
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00703-00185144-00185326 interaction or when you have a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00704-00185327-00185535 interaction with an external force of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00705-00185536-00185711 this kind
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00706-00185712-00185878 then it is convenient
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00707-00185879-00186102 to go to a frame of reference if you
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00708-00186103-00186207 like
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00709-00186208-00186471 or a picture or a representation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00710-00186472-00186647 where the time dependence due to this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00711-00186648-00186814 routine evolution
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00712-00186815-00187150 is already there is known
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00713-00187151-00187335 its like going to a rotating frame of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00714-00187336-00187454 reference
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00715-00187455-00187671 ok and then you look at the perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00716-00187672-00187943 alone so what i have been doing
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00717-00187944-00188159 is to take these operators which are
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00718-00188160-00188319 really in the so called schrodinger
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00719-00188320-00188454 picture
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00720-00188455-00188671 and then saying let us introduce a time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00721-00188672-00188959 dependence here defined in terms of l
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00722-00188960-00189223 equilibrium here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00723-00189224-00189463 so it stands for this whenever there is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00724-00189464-00189702 a time argument in any operator it
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00725-00189703-00190023 stands for this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00726-00190024-00190463 with h naughts out here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00727-00190464-00190647 so with that understanding
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00728-00190648-00191054 we can now write what this is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00729-00191055-00191247 this will not be affected by this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00730-00191248-00191478 operator at all because you will have h
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00731-00191479-00191687 naught and here you have e to the minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00732-00191688-00192014 beta h naught and then e to the minus i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00733-00192015-00192150 h naught tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00734-00192151-00192407 and since h naught commutes with itself
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00735-00192408-00192599 you can bring this across here and give
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00736-00192600-00192831 it gives you just e to the minus beta h
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00737-00192832-00193078 naught
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00738-00193079-00193311 right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00739-00193312-00193495 so the hamilton in itself will not
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00740-00193496-00193671 change your time that is what it says
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00741-00193672-00193935 when you go to the heisenberg picture
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00742-00193936-00194063 right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00743-00194064-00194302 so it does not act on this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00744-00194303-00194695 but it acts on this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00745-00194696-00194926 therefore you can write this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00746-00194927-00195199 as equal to minus an integral from minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00747-00195200-00195487 infinity to t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00748-00195488-00195711 d t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00749-00195712-00196047 f of t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00750-00196048-00196166 bracket
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00751-00196167-00196295 a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00752-00196296-00196438 of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00753-00196439-00196863 t prime minus t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00754-00196864-00197390 rho equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00755-00197391-00198031 you can write it in this form
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00756-00198032-00198319 where by a of t prime minus t i mean
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00757-00198320-00198926 precisely this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00758-00198927-00199231 e to the i l tau on with tau equal to t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00759-00199232-00200054 prime minus t orbital
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00760-00200055-00200254 t prime is always less than t that's
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00761-00200255-00200519 correct that's correct yeah
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00762-00200520-00200719 that's correct we'll see this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00763-00200720-00200926 explicitly yeah so this is t prime minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00764-00200927-00201063 t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00765-00201064-00201302 definitely but it does not matter this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00766-00201303-00201502 argument this formula is true whether
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00767-00201503-00201695 tau is positive or negative it doesn't
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00768-00201696-00201935 matter
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00769-00201936-00202102 and now let us go right back that is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00770-00202103-00202254 delta rho of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00771-00202255-00202495 so now we want to know what is the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00772-00202496-00202719 change in any physical observable so if
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00773-00202720-00203407 you give me an observable b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00774-00203408-00203790 any observable b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00775-00203791-00204143 then b in equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00776-00204144-00204343 equal to trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00777-00204344-00204495 rho equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00778-00204496-00204831 times b by definition
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00779-00204832-00205431 because stress row equilibrium is one
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00780-00205432-00205631 now what is the change in b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00781-00205632-00205942 in the presence of a perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00782-00205944-00206246 so either i can compute b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00783-00206248-00206590 in terms of delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00784-00206591-00206894 ah sorry in terms of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00785-00206896-00207134 rho of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00786-00207135-00207310 this must be the same
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00787-00207311-00207551 as b of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00788-00207552-00208303 computed in row equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00789-00208304-00208479 whether i put the burden of the time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00790-00208480-00208719 dependence on the density operator or on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00791-00208719-00208919 the observable does not matter but i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00792-00208919-00209327 must do one of the two
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00793-00209328-00209519 i have just finished doing this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00794-00209519-00209734 because i found what is delta rho you
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00795-00209735-00209806 see
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00796-00209807-00210167 because this quantity equal to b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00797-00210167-00210406 equilibrium plus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00798-00210407-00210551 delta b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00799-00210552-00210663 of the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00800-00210664-00211534 average value
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00801-00211535-00211751 and it is this quantity that i have
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00802-00211752-00211975 written
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00803-00211976-00212206 this thing here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00804-00212207-00212391 is what i have written
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00805-00212392-00212679 by evaluating this in terms of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00806-00212680-00213110 this is rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00807-00213111-00213310 plus delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00808-00213311-00213879 of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00809-00213880-00214319 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00810-00214319-00214519 b of t i have written by definition
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00811-00214519-00214687 equal to b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00812-00214688-00214975 plus delta b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00813-00214976-00215206 but now the argument that i am making is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00814-00215207-00215391 that this quantity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00815-00215392-00215631 is the expectation value of b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00816-00215632-00215791 with respect to the change in the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00817-00215792-00216246 density matrix the extra portion
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00818-00216248-00216742 by definition
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00819-00216744-00216879 because i do not know how to compute
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00820-00216880-00217006 this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00821-00217007-00217398 as so directly so i chose to do this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00822-00217400-00217567 by changing finding the change in the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00823-00217567-00217975 density operator instead
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00824-00217976-00218175 so we therefore home
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00825-00218176-00218415 all we have to do now
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00826-00218416-00218742 is to say ok ah
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00827-00218744-00219023 b average
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00828-00219023-00219503 therefore delta b of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00829-00219504-00219782 equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00830-00219783-00220271 trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00831-00220271-00220815 of b with respect to delta rho of t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00832-00220816-00221046 this is all i have to do but all these
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00833-00221048-00221246 fellows come right through the trace so
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00834-00221248-00221519 this is equal to minus integral minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00835-00221519-00221694 infinity to t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00836-00221696-00221863 d t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00837-00221864-00222039 f of t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00838-00222040-00222310 and then come the operator parts so i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00839-00222311-00222742 have to take
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00840-00222744-00222919 the trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00841-00222919-00222998 of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00842-00223000-00223175 water
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00843-00223176-00223431 of this quantity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00844-00223432-00223846 with respect to delta rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00845-00223848-00224239 which is sitting here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00846-00224240-00224479 so this is trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00847-00224480-00224542 b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00848-00224544-00224694 of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00849-00224696-00224991 thats what that quantity is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00850-00224992-00225246 with respect to this guy here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00851-00225248-00225375 a of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00852-00225376-00225910 t prime minus t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00853-00225911-00225991 rho
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00854-00225992-00227127 equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00855-00227128-00227727 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00856-00227728-00228191 if i write this by definition
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00857-00228192-00228358 to be equal to the following physical
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00858-00228359-00228455 quantity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00859-00228456-00228679 minus infinity to t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00860-00228680-00228903 d t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00861-00228904-00229175 f of t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00862-00229176-00229279 times
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00863-00229280-00229615 a portion which does not involve
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00864-00229616-00229951 the perturbation explicitly
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00865-00229952-00230134 this is found from the unperturbed
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00866-00230135-00230327 hamiltonian
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00867-00230328-00230527 this is found from the unperturbed
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00868-00230528-00230671 hamiltonian
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00869-00230671-00231127 this fellow is the original operator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00870-00231128-00231494 that is weighted with this force
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00871-00231496-00231871 so what we have is a situation where
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00872-00231871-00232079 the change in the physical quantity at
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00873-00232080-00232327 any time t the first order change
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00874-00232328-00232471 is an integral
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00875-00232471-00232734 over all force histories from minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00876-00232735-00233006 infinity to t gets cut off at t because
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00877-00233007-00233191 of causality
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00878-00233192-00233415 the force at a time t prime greater than
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00879-00233416-00233703 t cannot affect the response at a time
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00880-00233704-00233910 earlier than t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00881-00233911-00234182 right at time t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00882-00234183-00234431 times a quantity which is completely
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00883-00234432-00234751 independent of the perturbation itself
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00884-00234752-00235046 depends on a depends on b and depends on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00885-00235048-00235239 the unperturbed hamiltonian
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00886-00235240-00235551 so let us call this phi
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00887-00235552-00235871 a b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00888-00235871-00235942 of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00889-00235944-00236510 t minus t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00890-00236511-00236671 i have deliberately defined it as t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00891-00236671-00236823 minus t prime although what appears
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00892-00236823-00236967 there is t prime minus t it does not
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00893-00236967-00237358 matter we will see in a minute
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00894-00237359-00238039 what would you call this function
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00895-00238040-00238415 well some kind of a response function
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00896-00238416-00238710 of the way the variable b responds to a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00897-00238711-00238958 perturbation which involves the variable
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00898-00238959-00240327 a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00899-00240328-00240494 if a and b change to some other
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00900-00240496-00240663 variables you get a different response
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00901-00240664-00240782 function
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00902-00240783-00240958 but the crucial thing the important
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00903-00240959-00241175 thing is that this fellow does not
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00904-00241176-00241342 involve the perturbation at all that's
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00905-00241344-00241558 gone that's here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00906-00241559-00241879 first order and the perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00907-00241880-00242087 and its very physical now
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00908-00242088-00242294 it is a response because if i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00909-00242296-00242463 can prove that this fellow is a function
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00910-00242464-00242734 of t minus t prime then the response at
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00911-00242735-00242887 time t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00912-00242888-00243127 depends on earlier force applied at any
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00913-00243128-00243279 time t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00914-00243280-00243471 not dependent on t and t prime
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00915-00243471-00243687 separately but how much time has elapsed
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00916-00243688-00244015 between the cause and the effect
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00917-00244016-00244334 so its response to start with
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00918-00244335-00244575 its linear response because its first
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00919-00244576-00244767 order in f
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00920-00244767-00244998 and its causal because the effect gets
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00921-00245000-00245391 cut off at time t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00922-00245392-00245894 so we really have causal
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00923-00245896-00246191 linear
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00924-00246600-00247198 response
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00925-00247200-00247367 where this quantity is defined to be
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00926-00247367-00247591 minus this guy here but now we have to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00927-00247592-00247882 write out what this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00928-00247883-00248167 is what is this response function so let
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00929-00248167-00248727 us write it
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00930-00248728-00249055 phi a b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00931-00249056-00249215 of tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00932-00249216-00249510 let us put t minus t prime equal to tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00933-00249511-00249894 this here is trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00934-00249896-00250367 v of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00935-00250367-00250655 a of minus tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00936-00250656-00251798 rho equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00937-00251800-00252263 okay
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00938-00252264-00252463 you can rewrite it in many ways
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00939-00252464-00252623 so let us see first how we should
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00940-00252623-00252815 rewrite this in one particular way this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00941-00252816-00252975 is equal to trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00942-00252976-00253223 b of zero let us do the quantum case
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00943-00253223-00253430 because it is easier to write but its
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00944-00253431-00253615 exactly true in the classical case as
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00945-00253616-00253758 well
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00946-00253759-00253903 so this is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00947-00253904-00254182 a of minus tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00948-00254183-00254527 rho equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00949-00254528-00254655 minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00950-00254656-00254830 b of 0
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00951-00254831-00255119 rho equilibrium a of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00952-00255119-00255679 minus tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00953-00255680-00255830 i have written out the commutator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00954-00255831-00256055 explicitly making sure that i do not
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00955-00256056-00256239 take this b across because none of these
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00956-00256240-00256463 followers may commute with each other
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00957-00256464-00256646 so especially in quantum physics i have
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00958-00256648-00256927 to be very careful about the order even
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00959-00256928-00257087 in classical physics you know that the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00960-00257088-00257287 power sum bracket of a with b is minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00961-00257288-00257510 that of b with a
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00962-00257511-00257663 so i am going to be very careful with
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00963-00257664-00257767 the order
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00964-00257767-00258023 and now we use
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00965-00258023-00258358 the cyclic property of the trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00966-00258359-00258558 so in this term i regard this as one
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00967-00258559-00258806 unit and this is one unit and move this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00968-00258807-00259255 across here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00969-00259256-00259582 so this is equal to trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00970-00259583-00259758 b of 0
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00971-00259759-00260094 a of minus tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00972-00260096-00260271 rho equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00973-00260271-00260423 minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00974-00260423-00260646 a of minus tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00975-00260648-00260846 b of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00976-00260848-00261367 rho equal to b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00977-00261367-00261663 trace a plus b is trace a plus place b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00978-00261664-00261871 of course
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00979-00261871-00262079 but i can take out the row equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00980-00262080-00262319 common here and it is the commutator of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00981-00262320-00262519 b of zero with a of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00982-00262520-00262782 minus tau so we have a very very compact
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00983-00262783-00262910 formula
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00984-00262911-00263134 which says
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00985-00263135-00263399 phi a b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00986-00263400-00263551 of tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00987-00263552-00263830 is equal to trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00988-00263831-00263958 the product
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00989-00263959-00264071 of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00990-00264072-00264271 the the commutator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00991-00264272-00265015 a of minus tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00992-00265016-00265567 ah there was a minus sign somewhere
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00993-00265568-00265703 there was a minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00994-00265704-00265910 minus there is a minus here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00995-00265911-00266071 there is a minus here right so this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00996-00266072-00266263 trace is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00997-00266264-00266487 this is a minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00998-00266488-00266623 minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-00999-00266624-00266815 minus everywhere
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01000-00266816-00267055 so this is equal to trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01001-00267056-00267455 the inner pro the the possum bracket of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01002-00267456-00268030 a of minus tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01003-00268031-00268271 with b of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01004-00268272-00268463 rho equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01005-00268464-00268599 with a plus sign
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01006-00268600-00268815 because i inverted this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01007-00268816-00269191 it became minus here and plus here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01008-00269192-00269343 so it is the poisson bracket or
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01009-00269344-00269558 commutator of a of minus tau with b of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01010-00269559-00269958 zero that appears
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01011-00269959-00270127 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01012-00270128-00270775 but what is this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01013-00270776-00271110 trace of something times rho equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01014-00271111-00271334 it is therefore the equilibrium average
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01015-00271335-00271551 of this quantity right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01016-00271552-00271815 so this stands for this is by definition
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01017-00271816-00271951 equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01018-00271952-00272206 a of minus tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01019-00272207-00272510 b of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01020-00272511-00272871 the power sum bracket or
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01021-00272872-00273055 commutator bracket
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01022-00273056-00273591 in equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01023-00273592-00273799 so it is a remarkable statement
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01024-00273800-00274151 it says the response to an applied force
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01025-00274152-00274406 is dependent the response function which
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01026-00274407-00274591 characterizes the response to an applied
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01027-00274592-00274951 force is dependent only on
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01028-00274952-00275167 the equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01029-00275168-00275279 average
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01030-00275280-00275495 the thermal equilibrium average
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01031-00275496-00275919 of this commutator bracket
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01032-00275920-00276279 the elapsed time is appearing here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01033-00276280-00276455 this place
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01034-00276456-00276743 okay
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01035-00276744-00276927 and now in some sense
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01036-00276928-00277055 you can see that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01037-00277056-00277215 i am computing the average of the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01038-00277216-00277487 quantity b
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01039-00277488-00277743 what is appearing here on this side is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01040-00277744-00278023 the average in equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01041-00278024-00278295 of the correlation of b with a in some
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01042-00278296-00278495 sense
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01043-00278496-00278695 anti-symmetrize suitably
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01044-00278696-00278863 to get you this possum bracket or
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01045-00278864-00279127 commutator
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01046-00279128-00279303 so this is the remarkable thing about
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01047-00279304-00279615 causal linear retarder response that we
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01048-00279616-00279823 will see that fluctuations govern this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01049-00279824-00280063 quantity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01050-00280064-00280215 because you taking an average average
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01051-00280216-00280430 over what over thermal fluctuations in
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01052-00280431-00280663 equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01053-00280664-00280791 right
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01054-00280792-00280991 so the it says the fluctuations are
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01055-00280992-00281382 governing the behavior of the average
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01056-00281383-00281639 fluctuations in equilibrium govern the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01057-00281640-00281799 behavior of the average
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01058-00281800-00281982 away from equilibrium in the presence of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01059-00281983-00282151 a perturbation
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01060-00282152-00282375 ok so it is a profound statement it
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01061-00282376-00282582 looks like a very simple derivation but
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01062-00282583-00282767 its a very it is its first order
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01063-00282768-00282975 perturbation theory plus statistical
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01064-00282976-00283206 physics that's all we have done
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01065-00283207-00283358 but it is already a very very deep
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01066-00283359-00283591 statement here but you can write this in
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01067-00283592-00283855 other ways you can also write this as
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01068-00283856-00284063 equal to if you take the sequence equal
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01069-00284064-00284287 to trace
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01070-00284288-00284582 a of minus tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01071-00284583-00284743 b of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01072-00284744-00284927 rho equilibrium is e to the minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01073-00284928-00285454 whatever it is so this is ah
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01074-00285455-00285630 rho equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01075-00285631-00285775 minus
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01076-00285776-00285975 b of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01077-00285976-00286215 a of minus tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01078-00286216-00286454 pro equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01079-00286455-00286710 trace of this fellow now
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01080-00286711-00286951 write this fellow
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01081-00286952-00287582 here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01082-00287583-00287927 yes it's through classical and quantum
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01083-00287928-00288534 what is the meaning of the second line
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01084-00288535-00288767 yeah this is a poisson bracket
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01085-00288768-00288958 what does it mean i'm doing only the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01086-00288959-00289167 quantum case here so that it's easier to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01087-00289168-00289358 understand otherwise i have to do
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01088-00289359-00289543 classically you have to do integration
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01089-00289544-00289758 by parts etcetera it's a much messier
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01090-00289759-00289982 notation so all the while i am saying
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01091-00289983-00290119 that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01092-00290120-00290287 we do the quantum case and then i let
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01093-00290288-00290463 blank's content go to zero things will
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01094-00290464-00290615 go to power some brackets
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01095-00290616-00290719 in the pa
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01096-00290720-00290958 just as we showed that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01097-00290959-00291191 l was a hermitian operator in quantum
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01098-00291192-00291358 mechanics it was trivial in classical
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01099-00291359-00291567 physics it was a little harder to show
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01100-00291568-00291791 the same thing is true here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01101-00291792-00291943 i just want to show what this will
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01102-00291944-00292182 become now what you have to write is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01103-00292183-00292551 this fellow you write as e to the pi
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01104-00292552-00292751 you have to yes you have to divide by i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01105-00292752-00293143 h bar
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01106-00293144-00293351 yes definitely yeah
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01107-00293352-00293575 so this is e to the power
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01108-00293576-00293751 ah i
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01109-00293752-00293895 h naught
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01110-00293896-00294039 tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01111-00294040-00294527 over h cross with a minus sign
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01112-00294528-00294710 a of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01113-00294711-00294982 e to the i h naught tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01114-00294983-00295167 over h cross with the plus sign on the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01115-00295168-00295319 right hand side
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01116-00295320-00295527 this flow here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01117-00295528-00295703 you put that in here and use the fact
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01118-00295704-00296023 that this is a function only of h naught
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01119-00296024-00296271 then you can move this factor
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01120-00296272-00296423 out to the right hand side because it
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01121-00296424-00296575 commutes
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01122-00296576-00296751 and then by cyclic invariance you bring
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01123-00296752-00297110 it to the left hand side here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01124-00297111-00297310 where it will hit this b so you will
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01125-00297311-00297575 have e to the i h naught tau by h cross
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01126-00297576-00297958 b of zero e to the minus i h naught t
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01127-00297959-00298254 tau over h cross times a of zero
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01128-00298255-00298423 here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01129-00298424-00298599 so it will transfer the time argument to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01130-00298600-00298806 this quantity
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01131-00298807-00299287 and detail here
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01132-00299288-00299510 i don't know that yet
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01133-00299511-00299799 because you already said h naught is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01134-00299800-00300054 time independent but i do not know what
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01135-00300055-00300263 these quantities will do yeah you are
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01136-00300264-00300447 right finally it arises from the fact
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01137-00300448-00300671 that h naught is time independent and
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01138-00300672-00300863 therefore these correlations will all
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01139-00300864-00301087 become stationary they will become
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01140-00301088-00301271 independent of the time argument but
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01141-00301272-00301454 this is an explicit demonstration of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01142-00301455-00301534 that
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01143-00301535-00301679 so this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01144-00301680-00301903 quantity here and i will stop with this
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01145-00301904-00302127 this is also equal to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01146-00302128-00302391 expectation value of
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01147-00302392-00302606 a of 0
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01148-00302607-00302967 b of tau
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01149-00302968-00303967 in equilibrium
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01150-00303968-00304039 ok
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01151-00304040-00304206 which is a little more physical to
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01152-00304207-00304415 understand because this says this is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01153-00304416-00304671 whatever appears here is due to the
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01154-00304672-00304895 unperturbed hamiltonian and its
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01155-00304896-00305023 correlation with the original
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01156-00305024-00305279 schrodinger operator a is what is giving
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01157-00305280-00305471 you in thermal equilibrium is what is
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01158-00305472-00305823 giving you the response function okay
+6AZUyvRFBTI-01159-00305824-00306316 so we will start at this point next time
+6Dko1qYybb8-00000-00000416-00002883 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00001-00002884-00003797 hello
+6Dko1qYybb8-00002-00003799-00004574 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00003-00004575-00005683 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00004-00005684-00005940 oh
+6Dko1qYybb8-00005-00005941-00007048 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00006-00007050-00010023 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00007-00010024-00011560 hold on
+6Dko1qYybb8-00008-00011561-00012792 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00009-00012793-00013694 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00010-00013696-00014526 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00011-00014527-00015359 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00012-00015360-00016883 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00013-00016884-00017471 huh
+6Dko1qYybb8-00014-00017472-00019004 hold on
+6Dko1qYybb8-00015-00019005-00020072 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00016-00020073-00022483 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00017-00022484-00023023 uh
+6Dko1qYybb8-00018-00023024-00023883 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00019-00023884-00024179 hmm
+6Dko1qYybb8-00020-00024180-00024973 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00022-00028083-00028243 um
+6Dko1qYybb8-00023-00028244-00028820 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00024-00028820-00029733 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00025-00029735-00030319 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00026-00030320-00030883 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00027-00030883-00031660 ugh
+6Dko1qYybb8-00028-00031661-00032283 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00029-00032283-00033193 oh
+6Dko1qYybb8-00030-00033194-00035153 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00031-00035154-00035887 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00032-00035888-00038583 [Music]
+6Dko1qYybb8-00033-00038584-00038791 you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00000-00002102-00002604 so welcome to this lecture on VHDL as
+6D_IznoLPdo-00001-00002605-00002885 part of the course digital system design
+6D_IznoLPdo-00002-00002886-00003294 with PLDs and fpga before going
+6D_IznoLPdo-00003-00003295-00003558 continuing with the the lecture we will
+6D_IznoLPdo-00004-00003559-00003726 have a quick run through the last
+6D_IznoLPdo-00005-00003727-00004047 lectures portions the last lecture we
+6D_IznoLPdo-00006-00004047-00004358 have completed the the data types
+6D_IznoLPdo-00007-00004359-00004839 basically the composite and the integer
+6D_IznoLPdo-00008-00004840-00005286 real scalar type and then we looked at
+6D_IznoLPdo-00009-00005287-00005600 the concurrent statement with select
+6D_IznoLPdo-00010-00005601-00005916 statement so I took run through the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00011-00005917-00006416 slides so let us go to the to the slide
+6D_IznoLPdo-00012-00006417-00006796 so we talked about the data type integer
+6D_IznoLPdo-00013-00006797-00007059 so what is predefined
+6D_IznoLPdo-00014-00007059-00007406 in the standard library and how to use
+6D_IznoLPdo-00015-00007407-00007698 it and the real type which is probably
+6D_IznoLPdo-00016-00007698-00007995 less used and a physical type you know
+6D_IznoLPdo-00017-00007995-00008214 the the time with the unit as
+6D_IznoLPdo-00018-00008215-00008427 femtosecond you can check what is the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00019-00008428-00008952 latest the VHDL standard kind of basic
+6D_IznoLPdo-00020-00008953-00009530 unit must be femtosecond only so that is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00021-00009531-00009951 the various units specified and we have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00022-00009952-00010253 it is possible to define subtype on a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00023-00010254-00010545 type the advantage of defining subtype
+6D_IznoLPdo-00024-00010546-00010748 is that you can use all the operators
+6D_IznoLPdo-00025-00010749-00011196 unlike you if you define your own data
+6D_IznoLPdo-00026-00011197-00011562 type then you need to overload all the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00027-00011563-00011789 operators functions which you need to
+6D_IznoLPdo-00028-00011790-00012120 use for this particular data type and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00029-00012121-00012471 this shows various user-defined data
+6D_IznoLPdo-00030-00012472-00012872 type enumerated these are integer these
+6D_IznoLPdo-00031-00012873-00013142 are this is real and this one is a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00032-00013143-00013497 physical data type and this is a subtype
+6D_IznoLPdo-00033-00013497-00013739 and we have looked at unconstrained
+6D_IznoLPdo-00034-00013740-00013935 array and we said that standard logic
+6D_IznoLPdo-00035-00013936-00014247 array is defined as unconstrained that's
+6D_IznoLPdo-00036-00014247-00014561 why you constrain it when we use it and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00037-00014562-00014811 you can have multi dimensional array in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00038-00014812-00015105 any number of dimensions and we have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00039-00015106-00015369 seen an example of that and you can have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00040-00015369-00015872 record whereby you can kind of you know
+6D_IznoLPdo-00041-00015873-00016305 related signals or variables can be put
+6D_IznoLPdo-00042-00016306-00016614 together and this shows some input
+6D_IznoLPdo-00043-00016615-00016842 output enable of tri-state gates are put
+6D_IznoLPdo-00044-00016843-00017197 together and you can assign like in a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00045-00017198-00017655 record in structure and see the similar
+6D_IznoLPdo-00046-00017656-00017969 syntax is used and you can see that the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00047-00017970-00018138 component individual components within
+6D_IznoLPdo-00048-00018139-00018584 these access with the dot and if you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00049-00018585-00018875 have some signal a part of it can be
+6D_IznoLPdo-00050-00018876-00019280 alias like we have used the top address
+6D_IznoLPdo-00051-00019281-00019583 line of an 32-bit address is Ilias with
+6D_IznoLPdo-00052-00019584-00019980 the top ad and we have also seen various
+6D_IznoLPdo-00053-00019981-00020278 ways of assigning the rows this is a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00054-00020279-00020494 positional as you know kind of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00055-00020495-00020622 Association
+6D_IznoLPdo-00056-00020623-00020991 this is named Association this is like a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00057-00020992-00021356 string and this one is again positional
+6D_IznoLPdo-00058-00021357-00021858 Association with this others hexadecimal
+6D_IznoLPdo-00059-00021859-00022167 base specification and if you say others
+6D_IznoLPdo-00060-00022168-00022436 means that everything is everything is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00061-00022437-00022781 you know one value that in this case it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00062-00022782-00023115 is zero the other case it is tri-state
+6D_IznoLPdo-00063-00023116-00023361 so this is very useful one because if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00064-00023362-00023786 you have say a 32-bit bus which you want
+6D_IznoLPdo-00065-00023787-00024039 do kind of output you know something is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00066-00024040-00024287 connected to 32-bit bus and you want to
+6D_IznoLPdo-00067-00024288-00024465 initialize it to you want to tri-state
+6D_IznoLPdo-00068-00024466-00024717 it you don't have to write you know keep
+6D_IznoLPdo-00069-00024718-00024965 on writing Z then counting it 32 times
+6D_IznoLPdo-00070-00024966-00025277 and all that just say others said that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00071-00025278-00025637 the most useful form of array assignment
+6D_IznoLPdo-00072-00025638-00026049 and then we have looked at the important
+6D_IznoLPdo-00073-00026050-00026327 part concurrent statement as the name
+6D_IznoLPdo-00074-00026328-00026570 suggests this is used in the concurrent
+6D_IznoLPdo-00075-00026572-00026733 body that is in the architecture
+6D_IznoLPdo-00076-00026733-00027008 statement region this cannot be used
+6D_IznoLPdo-00077-00027009-00027258 within a function or a procedure or a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00078-00027258-00027507 process it has to be straightaway used
+6D_IznoLPdo-00079-00027508-00027750 in the concurrent body or the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00080-00027751-00028046 architecture statement region so the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00081-00028047-00028239 syntax of which select
+6D_IznoLPdo-00082-00028239-00028629 with some you specify some input you say
+6D_IznoLPdo-00083-00028630-00028989 select for all mutually exclusive values
+6D_IznoLPdo-00084-00028989-00029235 of that signal you specify the output
+6D_IznoLPdo-00085-00029236-00029664 the numerical values or us as a function
+6D_IznoLPdo-00086-00029664-00029918 of some other in boots okay so we said
+6D_IznoLPdo-00087-00029919-00030089 that is nothing but the truth table in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00088-00030090-00030374 the simplest case we have seen a NAND
+6D_IznoLPdo-00089-00030375-00030924 gate say a 1 and a 0 and for all the 0 0
+6D_IznoLPdo-00090-00030925-00031254 0 1 1 0 1 1 the value the output is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00091-00031255-00031458 specified it's just simple truth table
+6D_IznoLPdo-00092-00031458-00031755 the equation is wherever there is one so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00093-00031756-00032027 that mean dem is the equation or if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00094-00032028-00032336 you're multiple ones then you say or if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00095-00032337-00032540 you have two ones then you say or and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00096-00032541-00032835 that to it so you wherever one is there
+6D_IznoLPdo-00097-00032836-00033143 you pick up that Minda or the next one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00098-00033144-00033398 and so on and this we write when others
+6D_IznoLPdo-00099-00033399-00033864 to two for the simulator to completely
+6D_IznoLPdo-00100-00033865-00034061 specify all input combination because
+6D_IznoLPdo-00101-00034062-00034289 standard logic and two-bit standard
+6D_IznoLPdo-00102-00034290-00034658 logic can take 9 into 981 values and we
+6D_IznoLPdo-00103-00034659-00034915 are only specifying four of them so Russ
+6D_IznoLPdo-00104-00034916-00035276 77 is you know covered here so you could
+6D_IznoLPdo-00105-00035277-00035624 even say one when others but as I said
+6D_IznoLPdo-00106-00035625-00035837 you know specifying some known values
+6D_IznoLPdo-00107-00035838-00036086 will help you in debugging like you know
+6D_IznoLPdo-00108-00036087-00036480 that some of those kind of combination
+6D_IznoLPdo-00109-00036481-00036774 occurs then the 0 cannot happen even you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00110-00036775-00037139 can say tri-state doesn't matter because
+6D_IznoLPdo-00111-00037140-00037552 it is useful for debugging you know and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00112-00037553-00037964 next we have seen the case where the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00113-00037965-00038261 output is specified for all the values
+6D_IznoLPdo-00114-00038262-00038664 of a input signal a as a function of B
+6D_IznoLPdo-00115-00038665-00038964 and C ok and there's even more complex
+6D_IznoLPdo-00116-00038965-00039420 truth table so you see when a is 0 0
+6D_IznoLPdo-00117-00039421-00039887 then Y is B so Y is 0 and B 0 Y is 1
+6D_IznoLPdo-00118-00039888-00040196 when B is 1 and so on and the C is don't
+6D_IznoLPdo-00119-00040197-00040461 care so this expands into multiple rows
+6D_IznoLPdo-00120-00040462-00040742 of the each one is expanding into kind
+6D_IznoLPdo-00121-00040743-00041099 of two rows of the truth table but when
+6D_IznoLPdo-00122-00041100-00041382 the equation is written it is it is kind
+6D_IznoLPdo-00123-00041383-00041564 of a 1
+6D_IznoLPdo-00124-00041565-00041933 and a zero bar and B or like so this is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00125-00041934-00042215 straight away this choice is a 1 bar is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00126-00042216-00042767 row bar and B is why or even bar a 0 and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00127-00042768-00043205 B bar and so each one is a it's a min
+6D_IznoLPdo-00128-00043206-00043631 term or a product term or this or and so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00129-00043632-00043907 on it goes the equations so that is what
+6D_IznoLPdo-00130-00043908-00044351 is shown here and we have seen that the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00131-00044352-00044612 same thing and one thing to remember is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00132-00044613-00044939 that whenever there is an event on a a B
+6D_IznoLPdo-00133-00044940-00045431 or C the simulator computes this and as
+6D_IznoLPdo-00134-00045432-00045632 far as the synthesis tool is concerned
+6D_IznoLPdo-00135-00045633-00045893 it will look at the you know look at the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00136-00045894-00046250 description and form the equation that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00137-00046251-00046742 is symbol as it is and this can be used
+6D_IznoLPdo-00138-00046743-00046940 for I know example is shown with a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00139-00046941-00047225 multiplexer so natural choice for the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00140-00047226-00047437 Select signal is this in the Select
+6D_IznoLPdo-00141-00047438-00047671 signal of multiplexer so for various
+6D_IznoLPdo-00142-00047672-00048043 combinations 0 0 0 1 1 0 Y is root Y is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00143-00048044-00048557 ABCD like 0 1 2 3 and the equation is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00144-00048558-00048833 like this you know the select one bar
+6D_IznoLPdo-00145-00048834-00049193 and select 0 bar and a or and so on okay
+6D_IznoLPdo-00146-00049194-00049471 so each one is a min term or this one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00147-00049472-00049765 this one this one and I'm showing only Y
+6D_IznoLPdo-00148-00049766-00050132 I so because for a bus you know whether
+6D_IznoLPdo-00149-00050133-00050418 it's for bit or 8 bit the equations are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00150-00050419-00050771 same you know it's exactly similar for
+6D_IznoLPdo-00151-00050772-00051083 each bit of it because it it goes
+6D_IznoLPdo-00152-00051084-00051315 through the same type of and or
+6D_IznoLPdo-00153-00051316-00051836 structure and and it is easy to confuse
+6D_IznoLPdo-00154-00051837-00052144 this kind of syntax with the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00155-00052145-00052565 multiplexers a function but we have seen
+6D_IznoLPdo-00156-00052566-00052922 that any combination circuit without
+6D_IznoLPdo-00157-00052923-00053261 priority can be easily specified by with
+6D_IznoLPdo-00158-00053262-00053465 select so if you have multiple inputs
+6D_IznoLPdo-00159-00053466-00053807 one output then you pick up some input
+6D_IznoLPdo-00160-00053808-00054122 and for all the mutually exclusive
+6D_IznoLPdo-00161-00054123-00054587 values of B you specify Y as sum of a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00162-00054588-00054941 and C depending on your logic and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00163-00054941-00055238 that is what is which selects provide
+6D_IznoLPdo-00164-00055239-00055646 you and this is there's no priority
+6D_IznoLPdo-00165-00055647-00055904 actually this is for all it's a plain
+6D_IznoLPdo-00166-00055904-00056144 truth table with little abstraction
+6D_IznoLPdo-00167-00056145-00056396 maybe translate a new you're bringing a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00168-00056397-00056702 and see so some more columns are added
+6D_IznoLPdo-00169-00056703-00057008 some more rows come into picture so it's
+6D_IznoLPdo-00170-00057009-00057245 still a a kind of straightforward truth
+6D_IznoLPdo-00171-00057246-00057734 table and as I said if you have the the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00172-00057735-00058037 output has the same function or same
+6D_IznoLPdo-00173-00058038-00058310 values for different choices of the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00174-00058311-00058601 values then you can use or and that is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00175-00058602-00059102 what this example say so that is what is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00176-00059103-00059516 the which select concurrent statement so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00177-00059516-00059774 let us look at the the next one which is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00178-00059775-00060200 when else which is little more complex
+6D_IznoLPdo-00179-00060201-00060413 than the with select so please have a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00180-00060414-00061271 look at this syntax so which says that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00181-00061272-00061511 you have some output signal it could be
+6D_IznoLPdo-00182-00061512-00061736 a single bit or multiple bit it doesn't
+6D_IznoLPdo-00183-00061737-00062155 matter you have an output signal which
+6D_IznoLPdo-00184-00062157-00062462 is assigned some expression and this can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00185-00062463-00062720 be a numerical value like 0 0 or 0 1
+6D_IznoLPdo-00186-00062721-00063044 depending on the width or it can be some
+6D_IznoLPdo-00187-00063045-00063263 input condition in good expression you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00188-00063264-00063737 can say a and B or a a bar or whatever
+6D_IznoLPdo-00189-00063738-00064042 okay when condition 1 that means
+6D_IznoLPdo-00190-00064044-00064349 condition is again an input you know you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00191-00064350-00064844 can say C is equal to 3 or P greater
+6D_IznoLPdo-00192-00064845-00065177 than Q and so on so some condition based
+6D_IznoLPdo-00193-00065178-00065570 on the input then you say else which was
+6D_IznoLPdo-00194-00065571-00065890 not there in the with select okay else
+6D_IznoLPdo-00195-00065891-00066254 some other expression when some other
+6D_IznoLPdo-00196-00066255-00066698 condition okay else and so on okay and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00197-00066699-00067145 at the end we say and else which is that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00198-00067146-00067493 means everything else is is expression Y
+6D_IznoLPdo-00199-00067494-00067904 okay so this naturally brings in the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00200-00067905-00068164 priority okay that means we are saying
+6D_IznoLPdo-00201-00068165-00068321 output is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00202-00068322-00068678 some expression when some condition
+6D_IznoLPdo-00203-00068679-00068908 suppose we are saying a condition a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00204-00068909-00069239 equal to B and we say suppose this is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00205-00069240-00069512 two bits and we say zero zero when a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00206-00069513-00069962 equal to B let me say else it means that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00207-00069963-00070343 a is not equal to B okay and we say
+6D_IznoLPdo-00208-00070344-00070592 another condition say D greater than B
+6D_IznoLPdo-00209-00070593-00070913 so it means that the output is maybe
+6D_IznoLPdo-00210-00070914-00071216 this was 0 0 this is 0 1 output is 0 1
+6D_IznoLPdo-00211-00071217-00071681 when a is not equal to B and B is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00212-00071682-00071993 greater than 3 okay when you say else it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00213-00071994-00072307 means that it is not loose condition and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00214-00072308-00072700 not this condition that means you say a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00215-00072701-00073070 is not equal to B and D is less than or
+6D_IznoLPdo-00216-00073071-00073493 equal to 3 then maybe the output is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00217-00073494-00073859 expression 3 and some other condition ok
+6D_IznoLPdo-00218-00073860-00074303 so as you go down the not of all the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00219-00074304-00074564 previous condition is is is coming into
+6D_IznoLPdo-00220-00074565-00074609 picture
+6D_IznoLPdo-00221-00074610-00074942 okay so it is it brings in priority
+6D_IznoLPdo-00222-00074943-00075149 first first thing to note that is that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00223-00075150-00075446 there is a priority so it is a little
+6D_IznoLPdo-00224-00075447-00075779 more powerful because you see this
+6D_IznoLPdo-00225-00075780-00076145 condition one can be in terms of two
+6D_IznoLPdo-00226-00076146-00076388 signals and when it comes to condition 2
+6D_IznoLPdo-00227-00076389-00076604 it can be another signal another group
+6D_IznoLPdo-00228-00076605-00076826 of signals and this expression itself
+6D_IznoLPdo-00229-00076827-00077093 can be some inputs so it is quite a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00230-00077094-00077515 powerful quite an abstract statement
+6D_IznoLPdo-00231-00077516-00077804 much more powerful than which select and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00232-00077805-00078194 brings in priority and most importantly
+6D_IznoLPdo-00233-00078195-00078598 the questioners that is it are we
+6D_IznoLPdo-00234-00078599-00079010 completely specifying a truth table by
+6D_IznoLPdo-00235-00079011-00079657 this kind of structure or syntax that's
+6D_IznoLPdo-00236-00079658-00080195 a question you think about it whether it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00237-00080196-00080621 is it's a truth table the answer is yes
+6D_IznoLPdo-00238-00080622-00080876 it is it is a truth table but it is it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00239-00080877-00081182 is in a much more abstract and I will
+6D_IznoLPdo-00240-00081183-00081478 show you soon very quickly I'll show you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00241-00081479-00081712 this is nothing but
+6D_IznoLPdo-00242-00081713-00081982 a truth table a complete truth table is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00243-00081983-00082240 specified in terms of all the inputs
+6D_IznoLPdo-00244-00082241-00082600 involved that we will see in a moment so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00245-00082601-00082801 let us look at how the equations are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00246-00082802-00083062 derived for the combination circuit from
+6D_IznoLPdo-00247-00083063-00083427 this index so again I'm not putting down
+6D_IznoLPdo-00248-00083428-00083731 some signal it's still little abstract
+6D_IznoLPdo-00249-00083732-00083997 so you have an output signal and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00250-00083998-00084342 expression a when condition one else
+6D_IznoLPdo-00251-00084343-00084720 expression D be when condition two else
+6D_IznoLPdo-00252-00084721-00084976 expression see when condition three and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00253-00084977-00085327 so on okay so the equation comes like
+6D_IznoLPdo-00254-00085328-00085698 this output signal is expression a and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00255-00085699-00085939 condition one when I say I on condition
+6D_IznoLPdo-00256-00085940-00086359 1 is equal to working out the the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00257-00086360-00086569 product of all the product terms of the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00258-00086570-00086746 condition 1 so it can expand into
+6D_IznoLPdo-00259-00086747-00087018 multiple product terms ok so it may be
+6D_IznoLPdo-00260-00087019-00087472 like you say D greater than C there
+6D_IznoLPdo-00261-00087473-00087820 could be some you know product terms in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00262-00087821-00088213 terms of B and C or and so on okay so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00263-00088214-00088423 there could be multiple product terms so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00264-00088424-00088771 it's still abstract but then the meaning
+6D_IznoLPdo-00265-00088772-00089055 is that the equation is expression a and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00266-00089056-00089482 condition one or and when you come here
+6D_IznoLPdo-00267-00089483-00089656 it's an or of condition one so the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00268-00089657-00089944 expression B and not of condition one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00269-00089945-00090451 and of condition two okay or when you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00270-00090452-00090868 come here it's expression C and not of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00271-00090869-00091093 condition one and not of condition one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00272-00091094-00091495 condition two and condition three so it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00273-00091496-00091795 it brings you know it expands like that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00274-00091796-00092128 and if you remember your basic course
+6D_IznoLPdo-00275-00092129-00092388 you would have seen a priority encoder
+6D_IznoLPdo-00276-00092389-00092827 you will see there's a NAND gate as it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00277-00092828-00093061 goes down the lower priority from the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00278-00093062-00093289 ayah priority there is an an gauge with
+6D_IznoLPdo-00279-00093290-00093520 lot of bubbles you know becoming bigger
+6D_IznoLPdo-00280-00093521-00093805 and bigger so that is similar thing is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00281-00093806-00094161 happening there but there it is you know
+6D_IznoLPdo-00282-00094162-00094453 the single kind of normal normally is a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00283-00094454-00094669 single bits which is going to the and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00284-00094670-00094999 gate not of the previous previous inputs
+6D_IznoLPdo-00285-00095000-00095074 and so on so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00286-00095075-00095349 that's the same thing so it's quite
+6D_IznoLPdo-00287-00095350-00095676 powerful so let us see an example
+6D_IznoLPdo-00288-00095677-00096202 and I want to illustrate how it is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00289-00096203-00096517 specifying the complete truth table so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00290-00096518-00096826 let us take an example why is a single
+6D_IznoLPdo-00291-00096827-00097219 bit signal ABC are single bit like why
+6D_IznoLPdo-00292-00097220-00097531 is output single bit ABC are in boots
+6D_IznoLPdo-00293-00097532-00097834 which are also single bit but these are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00294-00097835-00098302 inputs PQ are our inputs and they are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00295-00098303-00098634 all to bits you know so you have p 1 p 0
+6D_IznoLPdo-00296-00098635-00099178 Q 1 Q 0 R 1 R 0 and so on okay so you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00297-00099179-00099520 can imagine a truth table with p 1 p 0 Q
+6D_IznoLPdo-00298-00099521-00100111 1 Q 0 R 1 R 0 and ABC and Y ok so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00299-00100112-00100251 imagine
+6D_IznoLPdo-00300-00100252-00100600 wherever the the values of P is greater
+6D_IznoLPdo-00301-00100601-00100945 than Q irrespective of the conditions of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00302-00100946-00101476 our ABC so B and C Y gets a and when it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00303-00101477-00101779 comes other rows like P is less than or
+6D_IznoLPdo-00304-00101780-00102097 equal to Q so wherever the rows in the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00305-00102098-00102289 truth table where P is less than or
+6D_IznoLPdo-00306-00102290-00102735 equal to Q all conditions all rows an R
+6D_IznoLPdo-00307-00102736-00103180 is equal to 2 we write Y is B okay else
+6D_IznoLPdo-00308-00103181-00103536 for all other rows we write C so it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00309-00103538-00103881 completely captures the truth table but
+6D_IznoLPdo-00310-00103882-00104043 it's very powerful I will show you the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00311-00104044-00104367 truth table so we I have put it I have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00312-00104368-00104811 kind of compress a by ABC ideally I
+6D_IznoLPdo-00313-00104813-00105060 should have put in the input section
+6D_IznoLPdo-00314-00105061-00105250 this is the input section this is output
+6D_IznoLPdo-00315-00105251-00105636 I should have put ABC also but to save
+6D_IznoLPdo-00316-00105638-00105861 space I have included ABC in the output
+6D_IznoLPdo-00317-00105863-00106129 expression but it's easy to understand
+6D_IznoLPdo-00318-00106130-00106552 okay so in reality the truth table is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00319-00106553-00106809 much bigger than this so you you look at
+6D_IznoLPdo-00320-00106810-00107283 this scenario where the p 1 p 0 Q 1 Q 0
+6D_IznoLPdo-00321-00107284-00107566 R 1 R 0 are the inputs Y is the output
+6D_IznoLPdo-00322-00107567-00108066 so look at this scenario where p 1 p 0
+6D_IznoLPdo-00323-00108067-00108408 is 0 1 q is 0 0
+6D_IznoLPdo-00324-00108408-00108659 don't care so here P is greater than Q
+6D_IznoLPdo-00325-00108660-00108963 so the output is Y Z as I said you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00326-00108964-00109302 should have an a column then if a 0 Y is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00327-00109303-00109634 0 is 1 Y is 1 so it's symbol you can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00328-00109635-00109929 derive that and when it comes to this
+6D_IznoLPdo-00329-00109930-00110346 case you see P is 0 1 and Q is 1 0 so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00330-00110347-00110735 the P is less than Q then are you look
+6D_IznoLPdo-00331-00110736-00111191 at the value R 1 0 this is 2 then as
+6D_IznoLPdo-00332-00111192-00111489 specified the Y is B but in other cases
+6D_IznoLPdo-00333-00111490-00112044 where P is less than Q and R s kind of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00334-00112045-00112374 not equal to 2 the Y is e and you can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00335-00112375-00112569 know you can populate these values all
+6D_IznoLPdo-00336-00112570-00112929 the way from 0 0 0 0 0 1 all the way you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00337-00112930-00113166 know that all the way it comes to 1 1
+6D_IznoLPdo-00338-00113167-00113607 and 1 1 you see is P is not greater than
+6D_IznoLPdo-00339-00113608-00113898 Q R is not equal to 2 so this is C so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00340-00113899-00114299 this is a at least this truth table as a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00341-00114300-00114744 sixth column so it is kind of 64 rows
+6D_IznoLPdo-00342-00114745-00115214 but if you bring in a b c then it is 7
+6D_IznoLPdo-00343-00115215-00115920 sorry 6 plus 3 9 kind of column so you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00344-00115921-00116289 will have 5 tall rows for this 2 table
+6D_IznoLPdo-00345-00116290-00116523 but you see the power of this statement
+6D_IznoLPdo-00346-00116524-00116922 all that 5 total rows are compressed
+6D_IznoLPdo-00347-00116923-00117233 into 3 statement and many times this is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00348-00117234-00117416 how we think you know we don't think
+6D_IznoLPdo-00349-00117417-00117761 like Dovie when you have a spec of a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00350-00117763-00117966 combination circuit you write the truth
+6D_IznoLPdo-00351-00117967-00118323 table but we always think in terms of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00352-00118324-00118484 abstract like this you know you have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00353-00118485-00118784 some inputs then the problem statement
+6D_IznoLPdo-00354-00118785-00118944 itself could be like this you know you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00355-00118945-00119265 have P is greater than Q then the output
+6D_IznoLPdo-00356-00119266-00119529 is theirs otherwise if some other input
+6D_IznoLPdo-00357-00119530-00119735 is equal to something then the output is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00358-00119736-00119994 this if none of this is then the output
+6D_IznoLPdo-00359-00119995-00120308 is something else and so on so that also
+6D_IznoLPdo-00360-00120309-00120543 shows that the language allows you to
+6D_IznoLPdo-00361-00120544-00120981 think real life but you should not lose
+6D_IznoLPdo-00362-00120982-00121215 sight you should not think that this is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00363-00121216-00121506 a magic ultimately this we are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00364-00121507-00121721 specifying the truth table and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00365-00121722-00122189 a word when a simulator as far as
+6D_IznoLPdo-00366-00122190-00122399 simulator is concerned if there is any
+6D_IznoLPdo-00367-00122400-00122894 event on PQR a B or C this Y will be
+6D_IznoLPdo-00368-00122895-00123166 computed or this you can imagine like a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00369-00123167-00123460 process with this ABC peak you are in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00370-00123461-00123736 the sensitivity list any event happens
+6D_IznoLPdo-00371-00123738-00124019 on any of these input Y will be computed
+6D_IznoLPdo-00372-00124020-00124264 and Y is if there is another statement
+6D_IznoLPdo-00373-00124265-00124441 which is concurrent then that also will
+6D_IznoLPdo-00374-00124442-00124781 be computed but as far as synthesis tool
+6D_IznoLPdo-00375-00124782-00125041 is concerned say it is going to look at
+6D_IznoLPdo-00376-00125042-00125383 say P greater than Q and there is an
+6D_IznoLPdo-00377-00125384-00125783 operator greater so it goes to library
+6D_IznoLPdo-00378-00125783-00126164 pick up the greater operator and that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00379-00126165-00126466 would have been written as an already as
+6D_IznoLPdo-00380-00126467-00126773 a synthesizable code which shows the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00381-00126774-00127082 structure of greater than Q like some
+6D_IznoLPdo-00382-00127083-00127279 input greater than some some other input
+6D_IznoLPdo-00383-00127280-00127697 so that will be replaced the synthesis
+6D_IznoLPdo-00384-00127698-00127965 tool will plug in that circuit here and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00385-00127966-00128359 if you if you think this could be a kind
+6D_IznoLPdo-00386-00128360-00128708 of you know when a kind of multiplexer
+6D_IznoLPdo-00387-00128708-00128993 when this condition happens this output
+6D_IznoLPdo-00388-00128994-00129259 is let this input is left led to the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00389-00129260-00129553 output if not and this condition
+6D_IznoLPdo-00390-00129554-00129863 happened this this input is led to the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00391-00129864-00130291 output so this will be some kind of kind
+6D_IznoLPdo-00392-00130292-00130622 of various operators implementation of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00393-00130623-00130976 operators some kind of priority and some
+6D_IznoLPdo-00394-00130977-00131234 kind of muxing happens ultimately as for
+6D_IznoLPdo-00395-00131235-00131479 us synthesis tool is concerned so we
+6D_IznoLPdo-00396-00131480-00131714 will see we will see how this in this
+6D_IznoLPdo-00397-00131715-00132194 tool dusters as we go along I am giving
+6D_IznoLPdo-00398-00132195-00132587 you a kind of taste of how things happen
+6D_IznoLPdo-00399-00132588-00133177 now only at the beginning so this just I
+6D_IznoLPdo-00400-00133178-00133390 have written that this description in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00401-00133391-00133652 this code wherever there is P greater
+6D_IznoLPdo-00402-00133653-00134077 than Q where there the Y is a when it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00403-00134078-00134312 comes here whenever there is P is less
+6D_IznoLPdo-00404-00134313-00134629 than or equal to Q and rh2 that is B and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00405-00134630-00134989 for all other conditions C and any one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00406-00134990-00135095 happens or
+6D_IznoLPdo-00407-00135096-00135241 many of these in both the simulator
+6D_IznoLPdo-00408-00135242-00135490 computes since this is two looks at the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00409-00135491-00135979 the operator and infer the operator and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00410-00135980-00136226 replace it with the template structure
+6D_IznoLPdo-00411-00136227-00136457 from the library that is what is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00412-00136458-00136747 happening so let us take an example
+6D_IznoLPdo-00413-00136748-00137057 which is a priority encoder so you can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00414-00137058-00137300 imagine a I have not drawn the picture
+6D_IznoLPdo-00415-00137301-00137628 but then you can imagine there is a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00416-00137629-00138074 block where there are three inputs a B C
+6D_IznoLPdo-00417-00138075-00138320 single between boot which is encoded
+6D_IznoLPdo-00418-00138321-00138488 into two bit because we have three bits
+6D_IznoLPdo-00419-00138489-00139001 and so where the maximum priority is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00420-00139002-00139370 given to a next priority is B next
+6D_IznoLPdo-00421-00139371-00139658 priority is e and none of that happens
+6D_IznoLPdo-00422-00139659-00139871 the output shows one-one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00423-00139872-00140258 so the coding is that the prior which is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00424-00140259-00140551 output is zero zero when a is equal to
+6D_IznoLPdo-00425-00140552-00140875 one else that means a is not one a zero
+6D_IznoLPdo-00426-00140876-00141272 then and B is 1 then the output is 0 1
+6D_IznoLPdo-00427-00141273-00141734 and when it comes here a 0 B 0 and C is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00428-00141735-00142037 1 then the output is 1 0 and when it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00429-00142038-00142444 comes here none of this is 1 or a 0 B 0
+6D_IznoLPdo-00430-00142445-00142954 C 0 then the priority output is 1 1 so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00431-00142955-00143261 this shows a natural very simple example
+6D_IznoLPdo-00432-00143262-00143689 of using the when else maybe we will see
+6D_IznoLPdo-00433-00143690-00144202 a little more kind of little more
+6D_IznoLPdo-00434-00144203-00144569 complex example with the one else so let
+6D_IznoLPdo-00435-00144570-00144856 us look at this example just bring in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00436-00144857-00145160 kind of one or two elements we have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00437-00145161-00145556 studied together the array assignment in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00438-00145557-00145864 out mode and when else everything is put
+6D_IznoLPdo-00439-00145865-00146243 together so that you get a taste of some
+6D_IznoLPdo-00440-00146244-00146588 odd real-life coding so just please look
+6D_IznoLPdo-00441-00146589-00147039 at this structure it is a bi-directional
+6D_IznoLPdo-00442-00147040-00147415 buffer or a transceiver so please look
+6D_IznoLPdo-00443-00147416-00147988 at it so a bi-directional buffer gives
+6D_IznoLPdo-00444-00147989-00148361 you know the connects two lines in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00445-00148362-00148475 either direction
+6D_IznoLPdo-00446-00148476-00148790 so you see here when the direction is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00447-00148791-00149266 one and enable is one a is driving the B
+6D_IznoLPdo-00448-00149267-00149618 so you can imagine this as a some output
+6D_IznoLPdo-00449-00149619-00149870 section driving a bus or something like
+6D_IznoLPdo-00450-00149871-00150149 that this is where everybody is tied
+6D_IznoLPdo-00451-00150150-00150383 together similar structures so when
+6D_IznoLPdo-00452-00150384-00150725 direction is one enable is one this is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00453-00150726-00151028 enable and since Direction is inverted
+6D_IznoLPdo-00454-00151029-00151211 here so this is disable this cut off
+6D_IznoLPdo-00455-00151212-00151460 this output is cut off though the input
+6D_IznoLPdo-00456-00151461-00151846 is coming here so naturally a goes to B
+6D_IznoLPdo-00457-00151847-00152183 and when opposite is the case when
+6D_IznoLPdo-00458-00152184-00152414 direction is zero this is cut off
+6D_IznoLPdo-00459-00152415-00152714 because this is get zero and the enable
+6D_IznoLPdo-00460-00152715-00153143 is 1 then this is enable so this part is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00461-00153144-00153395 cut off and be assumed that be
+6D_IznoLPdo-00462-00153396-00153602 somebody's driving some output is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00463-00153603-00154013 driving this and B goes to a so mind you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00464-00154014-00154343 this is bi-directional you can drive it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00465-00154344-00154607 and somebody else from outside also can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00466-00154608-00155111 drive it so this has to be the the mode
+6D_IznoLPdo-00467-00155112-00155558 of this B is in out mode of a scene out
+6D_IznoLPdo-00468-00155559-00155903 because in principle when this is cut
+6D_IznoLPdo-00469-00155904-00156311 off somebody can drive it and so on so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00470-00156312-00156674 this is the library description you know
+6D_IznoLPdo-00471-00156675-00157003 of the the VHDL this is a standard logic
+6D_IznoLPdo-00472-00157004-00157427 1 164 and this is entity transceiver
+6D_IznoLPdo-00473-00157428-00157778 trans is port we have to signal and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00474-00157779-00158035 which are 8-bit okay I'm showing 8-bit
+6D_IznoLPdo-00475-00158036-00158278 because the control signals are common
+6D_IznoLPdo-00476-00158279-00158633 for all the tri-state gate so a B is in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00477-00158634-00158953 out because of this structure standard
+6D_IznoLPdo-00478-00158954-00159253 logic vector 7 down to 0 enable
+6D_IznoLPdo-00479-00159254-00159563 Direction is in standard logic end
+6D_IznoLPdo-00480-00159564-00159875 transceiver and we define the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00481-00159876-00160202 architecture as some name of this entity
+6D_IznoLPdo-00482-00160203-00160634 is begin and end these are this
+6D_IznoLPdo-00483-00160635-00160895 architecture names ends this part and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00484-00160896-00161108 this is where we write the concurrent
+6D_IznoLPdo-00485-00161109-00161402 statement now you see we are going to
+6D_IznoLPdo-00486-00161403-00161614 write this part first and this part
+6D_IznoLPdo-00487-00161615-00161849 because in the concurrent statement
+6D_IznoLPdo-00488-00161850-00162113 do you need to have a statement for one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00489-00162114-00162440 output and another one output so we are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00490-00162441-00162812 going to write B output first and then a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00491-00162813-00163130 output second so that is what we are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00492-00163131-00163681 doing B is an output B gets a when
+6D_IznoLPdo-00493-00163682-00164180 Direction is one and enable is one else
+6D_IznoLPdo-00494-00164181-00164495 it is Phi stated so we say and this is a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00495-00164496-00164849 being a bus we say others you know the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00496-00164850-00165209 assigned Z that is it okay so which
+6D_IznoLPdo-00497-00165210-00165701 which says that V is get say a when both
+6D_IznoLPdo-00498-00165702-00166043 are one else it is try stated similarly
+6D_IznoLPdo-00499-00166044-00166534 if we define the output a so a gets B
+6D_IznoLPdo-00500-00166535-00166850 when Direction is 0 and enable is one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00501-00166851-00167240 else it is twice stated no this is try
+6D_IznoLPdo-00502-00167241-00167582 stated else others is said nd flow so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00503-00167583-00167951 this shows how to use the one else in a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00504-00167952-00168506 more practical more real life case we
+6D_IznoLPdo-00505-00168507-00168764 have seen how the notice use we have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00506-00168765-00169073 seen this are a assignment the others
+6D_IznoLPdo-00507-00169074-00169562 close here so that shows an example of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00508-00169563-00169838 using one else another example of using
+6D_IznoLPdo-00509-00169839-00170291 metals so let us look at the so we have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00510-00170292-00170651 completed the concurrent statement the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00511-00170652-00170852 concurrent statement is essentially two
+6D_IznoLPdo-00512-00170853-00171185 types which select and when else we have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00513-00171186-00171461 some loops we will see that you know
+6D_IznoLPdo-00514-00171462-00171767 together for both the concurrent and the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00515-00171768-00172006 sequential together and the main
+6D_IznoLPdo-00516-00172007-00172271 congruent statement are with select and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00517-00172272-00172648 when else which select is is no priority
+6D_IznoLPdo-00518-00172649-00173111 output is normally specified us for all
+6D_IznoLPdo-00519-00173112-00173423 the values of some input the output can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00520-00173424-00173639 be specified as a symbol truth table of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00521-00173640-00173852 numerical values or if you have other
+6D_IznoLPdo-00522-00173853-00174070 inputs you can write as a function of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00523-00174071-00174473 those inputs in that case it translate
+6D_IznoLPdo-00524-00174474-00174818 into multiple rows of truth table and we
+6D_IznoLPdo-00525-00174819-00175103 have seen some example of which select
+6D_IznoLPdo-00526-00175104-00175238 coding
+6D_IznoLPdo-00527-00175239-00175421 the next little more abstract one of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00528-00175422-00175816 enols which is a little more powerful we
+6D_IznoLPdo-00529-00175817-00176018 can specify priority we can specify
+6D_IznoLPdo-00530-00176019-00176390 condition in terms of multiple input the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00531-00176391-00176639 expression can be some other input so it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00532-00176640-00176906 can capture much more real-life
+6D_IznoLPdo-00533-00176907-00177304 scenarios from the the specification
+6D_IznoLPdo-00534-00177305-00177674 given for a combination circuit and we
+6D_IznoLPdo-00535-00177675-00178043 have seen how some simple three kind of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00536-00178044-00178337 choices can translate into a huge truth
+6D_IznoLPdo-00537-00178338-00178622 table so that's the power of Venice and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00538-00178623-00178901 we have seen the coding for a priority
+6D_IznoLPdo-00539-00178902-00179215 encoder and we have seen the VHDL coding
+6D_IznoLPdo-00540-00179216-00179609 for a symbol bi-directional buffer or a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00541-00179610-00179870 transceiver with two controls enable and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00542-00179871-00180248 directs so let us now move on to the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00543-00180249-00180584 sequential statement which are more
+6D_IznoLPdo-00544-00180585-00180965 useful more complex than the concurrent
+6D_IznoLPdo-00545-00180966-00181172 statement like which select and when
+6D_IznoLPdo-00546-00181173-00181433 else so let us move on to the the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00547-00181434-00181822 sequential statement there are two types
+6D_IznoLPdo-00548-00181823-00182203 this is identical to what you have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00549-00182204-00182435 learned in a C language or sequential
+6D_IznoLPdo-00550-00182436-00182837 languages so you have if-then-else and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00551-00182838-00183175 case when only thing is that it is now
+6D_IznoLPdo-00552-00183176-00183470 kind of related to the hardware we are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00553-00183471-00183827 describing the hardware so all the the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00554-00183828-00184043 equations are different you know they
+6D_IznoLPdo-00555-00184044-00184427 it's not you should you should know what
+6D_IznoLPdo-00556-00184428-00184682 is the hardware behind it when you use
+6D_IznoLPdo-00557-00184683-00184903 this statement you should know what
+6D_IznoLPdo-00558-00184904-00185229 hardware it means okay it's not mere
+6D_IznoLPdo-00559-00185230-00185486 kind of some variables you are working
+6D_IznoLPdo-00560-00185487-00185759 in is in a sequential language okay that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00561-00185760-00186056 should be kept in mind and I will tell
+6D_IznoLPdo-00562-00186057-00186332 you what is the kind of equation the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00563-00186333-00186518 boolean equations or the hardware you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00564-00186519-00186914 get when you use this syntax so the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00565-00186915-00187352 simplest syntax is like this if some
+6D_IznoLPdo-00566-00187353-00187823 condition condition one then somehow put
+6D_IznoLPdo-00567-00187824-00188204 get some expression of the input okay or
+6D_IznoLPdo-00568-00188205-00188396 numerical value it doesn't matter
+6D_IznoLPdo-00569-00188397-00188597 so if condition one condition
+6D_IznoLPdo-00570-00188598-00188861 in terms of the inputs then why gets a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00571-00188862-00189281 else so the priority is there else means
+6D_IznoLPdo-00572-00189282-00189584 if not of this condition then why gets
+6D_IznoLPdo-00573-00189585-00189979 me okay so and if so a and B are input
+6D_IznoLPdo-00574-00189980-00190256 signal the whatever signals in the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00575-00190257-00190390 conditions are inputs
+6D_IznoLPdo-00576-00190391-00190820 so the the equation is y is a and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00577-00190821-00191177 condition one or the moment you say else
+6D_IznoLPdo-00578-00191178-00191778 or B and not condition one so which is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00579-00191779-00192279 exactly similar to the ven else okay so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00580-00192280-00192727 this one is exactly similar to when else
+6D_IznoLPdo-00581-00192728-00193034 but mind you two sequential statement
+6D_IznoLPdo-00582-00193035-00193310 can be used only in the sequential
+6D_IznoLPdo-00583-00193311-00193748 bodies like process functions and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00584-00193749-00193820 procedure
+6D_IznoLPdo-00585-00193821-00194195 you cannot write e for case directly in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00586-00194196-00194503 the architecture statement region of the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00587-00194504-00194915 the VHDL code that is not that that's
+6D_IznoLPdo-00588-00194916-00195137 not possible so you should always use
+6D_IznoLPdo-00589-00195138-00195323 sequential statement in process
+6D_IznoLPdo-00590-00195324-00195746 functions and procedure so let us look
+6D_IznoLPdo-00591-00195747-00196258 at more complex kind of syntax so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00592-00196259-00196579 basically the conditions like in when
+6D_IznoLPdo-00593-00196580-00196757 else it is general conditions you can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00594-00196758-00197114 say P greater than Q C equal to 3 and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00595-00197115-00197369 things like that and there is priority
+6D_IznoLPdo-00596-00197370-00197771 so then the next kind of complex index
+6D_IznoLPdo-00597-00197772-00198224 is if condition 1 then Y gets a instead
+6D_IznoLPdo-00598-00198225-00198490 of else you can say else if it is not
+6D_IznoLPdo-00599-00198491-00198971 Els e I F it is Els I F else if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00600-00198972-00199325 condition 2 then Y get b else if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00601-00199326-00199619 condition 3 then Y get C and then you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00602-00199620-00199934 say else which comprises of all not of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00603-00199935-00200188 all the conditions so you need to have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00604-00200189-00200491 when you specify the proper combination
+6D_IznoLPdo-00605-00200492-00200783 circuit you should have the last tells
+6D_IznoLPdo-00606-00200784-00201047 I'll tell you what happens if not there
+6D_IznoLPdo-00607-00201048-00201362 so it is very important which comprises
+6D_IznoLPdo-00608-00201363-00201557 of everything else then only the truth
+6D_IznoLPdo-00609-00201558-00201869 table is complete okay because we are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00610-00201870-00201976 putting the condition
+6D_IznoLPdo-00611-00201977-00202159 which means some rows of the truth table
+6D_IznoLPdo-00612-00202160-00202556 when you say last tells all of the rows
+6D_IznoLPdo-00613-00202557-00202718 in the truth table that's what it means
+6D_IznoLPdo-00614-00202719-00203161 and you can see that the equation goes
+6D_IznoLPdo-00615-00203162-00203610 like this Y gets a and condition one or
+6D_IznoLPdo-00616-00203611-00204043 B and not of condition1 and condition2
+6D_IznoLPdo-00617-00204044-00204460 or C and condition three not of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00618-00204461-00204668 condition - not of condition one so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00619-00204669-00204928 exactly like when else it it builds up
+6D_IznoLPdo-00620-00204929-00205183 you know as it go down when you come to
+6D_IznoLPdo-00621-00205184-00205540 the last one which is D and not of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00622-00205541-00205729 condition three not of condition - and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00623-00205730-00205978 not of condition one so it it is like a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00624-00205979-00206332 priority encoder it builds up and and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00625-00206333-00206594 this itself can be very complex we are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00626-00206594-00206779 in a kind of abstract condition one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00627-00206780-00207004 condition one can be translated to
+6D_IznoLPdo-00628-00207005-00207181 multiple rows of the truth table
+6D_IznoLPdo-00629-00207182-00207406 lot of min terms or product terms it can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00630-00207407-00207640 come depending on the condition you put
+6D_IznoLPdo-00631-00207641-00208121 so that is if-then-else statement okay
+6D_IznoLPdo-00632-00208121-00208488 now I said it is equivalent to one else
+6D_IznoLPdo-00633-00208489-00208963 but so the question is if it is just
+6D_IznoLPdo-00634-00208964-00209191 equivalent to one else what is a big
+6D_IznoLPdo-00635-00209192-00209383 deal you know why you have to write a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00636-00209384-00209755 process and put this inside the process
+6D_IznoLPdo-00637-00209756-00210248 so can you kind of think of a reason how
+6D_IznoLPdo-00638-00210248-00210526 if then is different from when else oh
+6D_IznoLPdo-00639-00210527-00210764 so you look at the one else that the one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00640-00210765-00211117 else statement was earlier say here this
+6D_IznoLPdo-00641-00211119-00211426 is the one else and output is specified
+6D_IznoLPdo-00642-00211427-00211819 as I as some condition exactly like if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00643-00211821-00212069 then so what could be the difference
+6D_IznoLPdo-00644-00212069-00212407 between Reynolds and he then think for a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00645-00212408-00213034 while so you can think of the C language
+6D_IznoLPdo-00646-00213035-00213496 that might gives a give you a clue so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00647-00213496-00214084 basically if you look at it what it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00648-00214085-00214298 allows is that when you say condition
+6D_IznoLPdo-00649-00214298-00214694 one you could write another input you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00650-00214694-00214944 know you could write Z get something
+6D_IznoLPdo-00651-00214946-00215194 that get something's that get something
+6D_IznoLPdo-00652-00215196-00215312 so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00653-00215313-00215615 in an if-then-else structure you can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00654-00215616-00215977 specify multiple outputs okay that is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00655-00215978-00216365 one difference between else and if then
+6D_IznoLPdo-00656-00216366-00216665 and that is very useful very powerful
+6D_IznoLPdo-00657-00216666-00216965 and so that is one you can specify
+6D_IznoLPdo-00658-00216966-00217426 multiple output and another thing again
+6D_IznoLPdo-00659-00217427-00217739 if you compare with the the kind of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00660-00217740-00218053 sequential language like C you can write
+6D_IznoLPdo-00661-00218054-00218581 in principle say here if condition1 then
+6D_IznoLPdo-00662-00218582-00218923 I can nest it I can say another if you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00663-00218925-00219371 can say if condition' say five under
+6D_IznoLPdo-00664-00219371-00219742 this condition then Y gets a else Y get
+6D_IznoLPdo-00665-00219744-00219979 something else and you say in diff okay
+6D_IznoLPdo-00666-00219980-00220330 so you can nest if okay everywhere you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00667-00220331-00220523 know that you can have a new fear if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00668-00220523-00220940 here if here and so on okay and it's not
+6D_IznoLPdo-00669-00220941-00221152 that you can go on you know nesting it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00670-00221153-00221444 mini synthesis to limit the level of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00671-00221444-00221746 nesting because the equation can become
+6D_IznoLPdo-00672-00221748-00221921 messy and you are bound to make mistakes
+6D_IznoLPdo-00673-00221921-00222331 and so on so if then is else is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00674-00222332-00222539 equivalent to the when else but it's
+6D_IznoLPdo-00675-00222540-00222791 support multiple output it support
+6D_IznoLPdo-00676-00222792-00223096 nesting you know that is very powerful
+6D_IznoLPdo-00677-00223098-00223405 you can bring in lot of complexity in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00678-00223406-00223619 description by these to the multiple
+6D_IznoLPdo-00679-00223619-00224063 outputs and nesting so this is what I'm
+6D_IznoLPdo-00680-00224064-00224329 going to show so you have say yn is that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00681-00224330-00224731 output and three inputs ABC all are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00682-00224732-00225065 let's say multi bit and now you can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00683-00225066-00225580 write say if condition 1 then Y gets a Z
+6D_IznoLPdo-00684-00225581-00225890 gets a and B else if condition 2 i gets
+6D_IznoLPdo-00685-00225891-00226210 bees that get c else if condition 3 then
+6D_IznoLPdo-00686-00226211-00226469 Y gets Cesar gets a el so I guess these
+6D_IznoLPdo-00687-00226469-00226823 are get me and so on so this shows you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00688-00226823-00227227 that you can specify multiple output
+6D_IznoLPdo-00689-00227228-00227659 using this same if and the equations are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00690-00227660-00227830 similar you know how to work out the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00691-00227831-00228389 equation there's no you know great
+6D_IznoLPdo-00692-00228390-00228569 you know complexity as far as the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00693-00228569-00228805 equation is concerned you have the same
+6D_IznoLPdo-00694-00228806-00229117 inputs in condition as column ABC as
+6D_IznoLPdo-00695-00229119-00229376 columns then you have a Y output Z
+6D_IznoLPdo-00696-00229377-00229594 output you can write the work out the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00697-00229596-00230002 equation say Y is a and condition 1 and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00698-00230003-00230315 BN not of condition 1 I enough condition
+6D_IznoLPdo-00699-00230316-00230594 to when it comes to Z is that is a and B
+6D_IznoLPdo-00700-00230594-00231032 and condition 1 and or C and not
+6D_IznoLPdo-00701-00231033-00231242 condition1 and condition2 and so on okay
+6D_IznoLPdo-00702-00231242-00231671 so that can be worked out but if you are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00703-00231671-00231946 clever you should be asking a question
+6D_IznoLPdo-00704-00231948-00232313 say all fine you know it it's great but
+6D_IznoLPdo-00705-00232314-00232771 this assumed one thing that the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00706-00232773-00233048 condition for these outputs are all same
+6D_IznoLPdo-00707-00233048-00233453 okay maybe that you cannot the the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00708-00233454-00233609 relation between the input and output
+6D_IznoLPdo-00709-00233610-00233987 are such a way that you have no way to
+6D_IznoLPdo-00710-00233988-00234212 specify like this you know is that is a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00711-00234213-00234448 and B not on this particular condition
+6D_IznoLPdo-00712-00234448-00234698 you more restrictive under this
+6D_IznoLPdo-00713-00234698-00234935 condition some more conditions are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00714-00234936-00235325 required for a and B then you are in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00715-00235326-00235519 soup you know you cannot use this kind
+6D_IznoLPdo-00716-00235521-00235742 of structure but that is where the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00717-00235742-00236009 nesting helps you you you could write
+6D_IznoLPdo-00718-00236010-00236344 say if condition1 Y gets a then you can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00719-00236346-00236687 write if some other condition is meant
+6D_IznoLPdo-00720-00236688-00236921 then Z gets a and B else something else
+6D_IznoLPdo-00721-00236921-00237482 so you could further nest if to specify
+6D_IznoLPdo-00722-00237483-00237823 very specific conditions you require for
+6D_IznoLPdo-00723-00237825-00238040 multiple outputs so that is where the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00724-00238041-00238316 nesting is is important so you can have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00725-00238317-00238664 a more complex behavior or structures
+6D_IznoLPdo-00726-00238665-00239098 can be specified by nesting suppose we
+6D_IznoLPdo-00727-00239100-00239258 will not be like in the case of multiple
+6D_IznoLPdo-00728-00239259-00239516 output we will not have the same
+6D_IznoLPdo-00729-00239517-00239660 conditions
+6D_IznoLPdo-00730-00239661-00239869 you know satisfying all the output so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00731-00239871-00240083 you could have like this you know if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00732-00240084-00240464 condition1 then maybe this return here
+6D_IznoLPdo-00733-00240465-00240683 something then you say if condition 2
+6D_IznoLPdo-00734-00240684-00241112 then Y gets a else if Y gets B I end if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00735-00241113-00241610 then else if you know condition 3 or 4
+6D_IznoLPdo-00736-00241611-00241717 then so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00737-00241717-00242046 so he could nest if and equation as far
+6D_IznoLPdo-00738-00242048-00242271 as Y is concerned it comes like this a y
+6D_IznoLPdo-00739-00242273-00242669 is a and condition1 and condition2
+6D_IznoLPdo-00740-00242671-00242944 because it is under this condition 1 we
+6D_IznoLPdo-00741-00242944-00243510 are putting or then you say you know B
+6D_IznoLPdo-00742-00243511-00243919 and not of condition 2 and condition 1
+6D_IznoLPdo-00743-00243919-00244141 and when it comes to this else if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00744-00244142-00244479 condition 3 for say Z or something like
+6D_IznoLPdo-00745-00244480-00244879 that then this condition 2 doesn't
+6D_IznoLPdo-00746-00244880-00245128 appear there and so you can work out so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00747-00245129-00245496 this is where the nesting is useful and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00748-00245496-00245985 let us come to another point okay what
+6D_IznoLPdo-00749-00245986-00246592 happens if you miss else in a if case
+6D_IznoLPdo-00750-00246592-00247005 like you write if condition 1 then Y
+6D_IznoLPdo-00751-00247006-00247366 gets a and we don't write else we just
+6D_IznoLPdo-00752-00247367-00247876 say end if and mind you this is a kind
+6D_IznoLPdo-00753-00247877-00248331 of valid VHDL syntax VHDL support this
+6D_IznoLPdo-00754-00248332-00248619 the simulation simulator support this in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00755-00248621-00248863 this is tool support this so what is the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00756-00248864-00249219 meaning of this so you can attribute
+6D_IznoLPdo-00757-00249219-00249625 different meanings to it you can say if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00758-00249626-00250096 condition 1 is not met Y can be 0 Y can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00759-00250096-00250612 be 1 but these are less probable from
+6D_IznoLPdo-00760-00250613-00250959 the description but what is the VHDL
+6D_IznoLPdo-00761-00250960-00251416 attributes or VHDL take this for as
+6D_IznoLPdo-00762-00251417-00251788 shown here okay it is just by definition
+6D_IznoLPdo-00763-00251789-00252187 don't don't kind of argue on why this
+6D_IznoLPdo-00764-00252188-00252466 should be like that but this could be
+6D_IznoLPdo-00765-00252467-00252705 the the probable meaning and the VHDL
+6D_IznoLPdo-00766-00252706-00253008 take this in this way like it means if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00767-00253009-00253317 you write if you miss else it means that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00768-00253319-00253658 if this condition is met then Y gets a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00769-00253659-00254313 else y is y itself okay and that is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00770-00254314-00254650 funny that is dangerous okay in the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00771-00254651-00255077 sense that it shows a feedback okay
+6D_IznoLPdo-00772-00255078-00255317 if this condition is met some why gets
+6D_IznoLPdo-00773-00255317-00255573 an inboard if this condition is not met
+6D_IznoLPdo-00774-00255575-00255914 the output is fed back into the input
+6D_IznoLPdo-00775-00255915-00256228 that's the meaning of it and I'm showing
+6D_IznoLPdo-00776-00256229-00256744 and so there's a memory it memorizes if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00777-00256746-00257042 for this condition it is normal in good
+6D_IznoLPdo-00778-00257042-00257308 goes to output if this condition is not
+6D_IznoLPdo-00779-00257309-00257683 met it memorizes the previous one so it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00780-00257684-00257963 is called implied memory because this
+6D_IznoLPdo-00781-00257964-00258302 code implies a memory or inferred latch
+6D_IznoLPdo-00782-00258303-00258617 or you can say this cord in for a large
+6D_IznoLPdo-00783-00258617-00258977 from the return code so that's why it's
+6D_IznoLPdo-00784-00258978-00259219 called implied memory or inferred latch
+6D_IznoLPdo-00785-00259221-00259487 so the situation is like this if Y and a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00786-00259488-00259754 are single bits and there is a condition
+6D_IznoLPdo-00787-00259755-00260071 maybe P greater than Q or whatever so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00788-00260073-00260381 that's a decode of this P greater than Q
+6D_IznoLPdo-00789-00260382-00260879 when that is one a goes to the Y and if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00790-00260880-00261305 Y is if that condition is not met then
+6D_IznoLPdo-00791-00261306-00261619 this path is enabled and Y is fed back
+6D_IznoLPdo-00792-00261621-00261938 and it is latched okay and this is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00793-00261939-00262181 nothing but a 2 to 1 MUX so this you can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00794-00262182-00262534 replace by a 2 to 1 MUX with the Select
+6D_IznoLPdo-00795-00262535-00262735 line and the Select line is the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00796-00262736-00263006 condition 1 when the Select line is 1 a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00797-00263007-00263318 goes to B otherwise B is fed back so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00798-00263319-00263537 this you can replace with the 2 to 1 MUX
+6D_IznoLPdo-00799-00263538-00263837 and with an inverter you get a latch you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00800-00263838-00264415 know that's a normal latch kind of RTL
+6D_IznoLPdo-00801-00264416-00264982 symbol so that is what you get okay so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00802-00264983-00265244 this is very valid and when you if you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00803-00265245-00265435 need a latch like this you can write a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00804-00265436-00265871 code like that but the question is that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00805-00265872-00266318 can we have a latch in the concurrent
+6D_IznoLPdo-00806-00266319-00266564 statement okay concurrent statement like
+6D_IznoLPdo-00807-00266565-00266915 with select and when else the answer is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00808-00266916-00267167 yes because we at least in the case of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00809-00267168-00267356 Reynolds because it is equal under if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00810-00267357-00267641 then you can imagine you say when you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00811-00267642-00267962 say output is something when some
+6D_IznoLPdo-00812-00267963-00268190 condition is met and you say instead of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00813-00268191-00268439 saying else you keep quiet you don't
+6D_IznoLPdo-00814-00268440-00268778 eat that then you get a implied memory
+6D_IznoLPdo-00815-00268779-00268975 or inferred large in a concurrent
+6D_IznoLPdo-00816-00268976-00269333 statement so or in the wit select case
+6D_IznoLPdo-00817-00269334-00269786 you specify a condition ID code and you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00818-00269787-00270014 don't specify anything else you know
+6D_IznoLPdo-00819-00270015-00270320 then you get L so let us look at the the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00820-00270321-00270803 syntax so with suppose you you take with
+6D_IznoLPdo-00821-00270804-00271019 it say this is a enable of the latch
+6D_IznoLPdo-00822-00271020-00271376 with enable select why gets a when one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00823-00271377-00271676 and we are not saying something for when
+6D_IznoLPdo-00824-00271677-00271991 0 or when others okay you say just say
+6D_IznoLPdo-00825-00271992-00272297 why is a when 1 and we don't say what
+6D_IznoLPdo-00826-00272298-00272534 happens when others that means Y gets Y
+6D_IznoLPdo-00827-00272535-00272723 when others okay that's the meaning of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00828-00272724-00273008 it or you can even say like this with
+6D_IznoLPdo-00829-00273009-00273385 enable select Y get say when one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00830-00273386-00273590 unaffected when others that means the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00831-00273591-00273839 output is unaffected when for the other
+6D_IznoLPdo-00832-00273840-00274172 cases both are same similarly for when
+6D_IznoLPdo-00833-00274173-00274424 else Y get say when enabled one we don't
+6D_IznoLPdo-00834-00274425-00274739 say else then you get the same thing or
+6D_IznoLPdo-00835-00274740-00274988 you say Y get say when enable is one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00836-00274989-00275459 else unaffected okay so for concurrent
+6D_IznoLPdo-00837-00275460-00275900 there is a you know syntax : affected so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00838-00275901-00276200 it means that it retains the same output
+6D_IznoLPdo-00839-00276201-00276458 that's the meaning of it even for
+6D_IznoLPdo-00840-00276459-00276749 sequential statement there is a thing
+6D_IznoLPdo-00841-00276750-00276998 called null which will give you the same
+6D_IznoLPdo-00842-00276999-00277328 effect that means that here you can say
+6D_IznoLPdo-00843-00277329-00277628 instead of this you can say if condition
+6D_IznoLPdo-00844-00277629-00278132 1 then Y gets a else Y gets null means Y
+6D_IznoLPdo-00845-00278133-00278393 will you know remember the previous
+6D_IznoLPdo-00846-00278394-00278699 output that's the the previous value
+6D_IznoLPdo-00847-00278700-00278912 that's the meaning of it so you could
+6D_IznoLPdo-00848-00278913-00279209 specify in principle null so that is a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00849-00279210-00279611 that is how you you write inferred latch
+6D_IznoLPdo-00850-00279612-00279937 or implied memory using the concurrent
+6D_IznoLPdo-00851-00279938-00280229 statements okay and the unaffected and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00852-00280230-00280594 null can be used I know now mind you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00853-00280595-00281063 wherever you don't assign some output
+6D_IznoLPdo-00854-00281064-00281312 don't write unaffected and null you will
+6D_IznoLPdo-00855-00281313-00281642 get a latch okay so be very careful null
+6D_IznoLPdo-00856-00281643-00281770 doesn't mean
+6D_IznoLPdo-00857-00281771-00281962 you know initializing into sere or
+6D_IznoLPdo-00858-00281963-00282187 something like that so don't write null
+6D_IznoLPdo-00859-00282188-00282507 wherever you feel that something should
+6D_IznoLPdo-00860-00282508-00282787 be nice lights to zero Nara will give
+6D_IznoLPdo-00861-00282788-00283134 you a latch and don't write it unless
+6D_IznoLPdo-00862-00283135-00283513 you require it okay so let us see the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00863-00283514-00283777 use of this and you are not normally we
+6D_IznoLPdo-00864-00283778-00283987 use flip-flops for as memory in the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00865-00283988-00284289 serious design you don't use a
+6D_IznoLPdo-00866-00284290-00284641 combinational kind of latch in in real
+6D_IznoLPdo-00867-00284642-00285019 life so we don't use it okay so what is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00868-00285020-00285376 the use of this kind of implied latch so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00869-00285377-00285529 the first thing is that the implied
+6D_IznoLPdo-00870-00285530-00285759 latch or implied memory or inferred
+6D_IznoLPdo-00871-00285760-00286032 light is useful in specifying the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00872-00286033-00286240 behavior of latches and flip-flops or
+6D_IznoLPdo-00873-00286241-00286657 registers so we are discussing the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00874-00286658-00286831 combination circuit now so we are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00875-00286832-00287068 discussing how the combination circuit
+6D_IznoLPdo-00876-00287069-00287479 can be described using the concurrent
+6D_IznoLPdo-00877-00287480-00287689 statement and sequential segment we have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00878-00287690-00287851 not yet gone to the sequence yet
+6D_IznoLPdo-00879-00287852-00288046 statement we are still discussing the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00880-00288047-00288373 the combination circuit but when we go
+6D_IznoLPdo-00881-00288374-00288418 there
+6D_IznoLPdo-00882-00288419-00288802 we will see how this description helps
+6D_IznoLPdo-00883-00288803-00289158 in specifying the memory for memory part
+6D_IznoLPdo-00884-00289159-00289654 of the latches and flip-flops but in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00885-00289655-00289935 real life when you write combination
+6D_IznoLPdo-00886-00289936-00290248 circuit unintentional implied latches
+6D_IznoLPdo-00887-00290249-00290500 can happen okay so that doesn't mean
+6D_IznoLPdo-00888-00290501-00290857 that you will write code like this but
+6D_IznoLPdo-00889-00290858-00291262 when you have complex code when you have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00890-00291263-00291523 a lot of multiple say one scenario is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00891-00291524-00292021 that we take this example and where
+6D_IznoLPdo-00892-00292022-00292297 multiple outputs are specified say here
+6D_IznoLPdo-00893-00292298-00292738 suppose you have Y Z and maybe u is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00894-00292739-00292983 specified everywhere and you cut and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00895-00292984-00293152 paste you copy paste you know that's
+6D_IznoLPdo-00896-00293153-00293638 usual the scenario nowadays a lot of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00897-00293639-00293929 copy-paste happens and suppose by
+6D_IznoLPdo-00898-00293930-00294364 mistake you forgot to mention Z here
+6D_IznoLPdo-00899-00294365-00294682 okay you copy paste it and you forgot to
+6D_IznoLPdo-00900-00294683-00295048 mention said here that means it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00901-00295049-00295168 essentially means
+6D_IznoLPdo-00902-00295169-00295471 ze said as far as condition trees have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00903-00295472-00295753 concern so when it comes to this choice
+6D_IznoLPdo-00904-00295754-00295972 that means condition three not of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00905-00295973-00296248 condition two and not of condition one Z
+6D_IznoLPdo-00906-00296249-00296437 will be fed back to itself when you get
+6D_IznoLPdo-00907-00296438-00296791 a latch and all the more not only in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00908-00296792-00297108 multiple output when you have multiple
+6D_IznoLPdo-00909-00297109-00297444 nesting very complex nesting which is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00910-00297445-00297768 unbalanced like you have and if and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00911-00297769-00298189 under that in various choices of if some
+6D_IznoLPdo-00912-00298190-00298465 of another if some doesn't have Eve and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00913-00298466-00298792 there are multiple output it can be very
+6D_IznoLPdo-00914-00298793-00299050 complex and you can you can really miss
+6D_IznoLPdo-00915-00299051-00299406 some output to specify because it is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00916-00299407-00299682 little difficult to work out all the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00917-00299683-00300052 outputs properly in such cases you can
+6D_IznoLPdo-00918-00300053-00300265 miss some output and you will get an
+6D_IznoLPdo-00919-00300266-00300531 implied latch and it is extremely
+6D_IznoLPdo-00920-00300532-00300855 dangerous I tell you and this is one of
+6D_IznoLPdo-00921-00300856-00301155 the as far as I'm concerned what I have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00922-00301156-00301457 seen is this is very common error and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00923-00301458-00301720 inexperienced designer commit in VHDL
+6D_IznoLPdo-00924-00301721-00302007 coding that is this implied latch when
+6D_IznoLPdo-00925-00302008-00302191 not in symbol case because in symbol
+6D_IznoLPdo-00926-00302192-00302457 case it is very evident when you have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00927-00302458-00302605 multiple outputs and when you have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00928-00302606-00303064 nesting very kind of complex nesting in
+6D_IznoLPdo-00929-00303065-00303427 in the sense that is unbalanced then you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00930-00303428-00303643 will get you a bound to make mistake
+6D_IznoLPdo-00931-00303644-00303877 some output is not going to be specified
+6D_IznoLPdo-00932-00303878-00304180 properly for some condition and you will
+6D_IznoLPdo-00933-00304181-00304597 get a latch and mind you it is very
+6D_IznoLPdo-00934-00304598-00305010 difficult to debug that you know and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00935-00305011-00305449 because when you make a mistake and you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00936-00305450-00305733 look at the code very less likely that
+6D_IznoLPdo-00937-00305734-00306226 you will kind of unearth that bug from
+6D_IznoLPdo-00938-00306227-00306379 the code because you are very sure
+6D_IznoLPdo-00939-00306380-00306670 everybody's confident nowadays and you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00940-00306671-00306952 look at the code ten times 100 times you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00941-00306953-00307321 will not discover that error and if you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00942-00307322-00307685 simulate mind you you will never
+6D_IznoLPdo-00943-00307686-00308106 99.99% you will not be able to unearth
+6D_IznoLPdo-00944-00308107-00308473 such an error by debugging in simulation
+6D_IznoLPdo-00945-00308474-00308532 I'll
+6D_IznoLPdo-00946-00308533-00308883 tell you in a moment what is the reason
+6D_IznoLPdo-00947-00308884-00309145 why it will not happen and if you are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00948-00309146-00309471 giving it to in a real life if you are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00949-00309472-00309759 in a design team many times the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00950-00309760-00310032 verification is done by some other poor
+6D_IznoLPdo-00951-00310033-00310374 soul and he would have worked out a lot
+6D_IznoLPdo-00952-00310375-00310425 of tests
+6D_IznoLPdo-00953-00310426-00310701 Benja test factors for verifying the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00954-00310702-00310998 functionality even there it cannot be
+6D_IznoLPdo-00955-00310999-00311413 Ana so in a moment we will see why this
+6D_IznoLPdo-00956-00311414-00311764 is difficult to to kind of debug the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00957-00311765-00312174 first thing is that it is not enough if
+6D_IznoLPdo-00958-00312175-00312399 you verify all the condition like you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00959-00312400-00312763 have some input and you like suppose you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00960-00312764-00313018 have 4 inputs for single bit inputs so
+6D_IznoLPdo-00961-00313019-00313284 you have 16 condition or you have say
+6D_IznoLPdo-00962-00313285-00313717 you have 1024 input test vectors you run
+6D_IznoLPdo-00963-00313718-00313884 it through or even you have a 1 million
+6D_IznoLPdo-00964-00313885-00314198 test vectors you run it very
+6D_IznoLPdo-00965-00314199-00314437 systematically 1 million test vectors
+6D_IznoLPdo-00966-00314438-00314815 still this error 1 we brought up why it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00967-00314816-00315220 is so is because suppose in our coding
+6D_IznoLPdo-00968-00315221-00315768 you miss one output in condition 3 okay
+6D_IznoLPdo-00969-00315769-00316104 now in you have as I said you have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00970-00316105-00316420 simulated the the million condition all
+6D_IznoLPdo-00971-00316421-00316773 the possible condition but before the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00972-00316774-00317079 condition 3 you have supposed simulated
+6D_IznoLPdo-00973-00317080-00317526 the condition 2 for which this missing
+6D_IznoLPdo-00974-00317527-00317832 output had the same value say you are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00975-00317833-00318198 expecting in condition 3 some value
+6D_IznoLPdo-00976-00318199-00318522 suppose the the the test vector you have
+6D_IznoLPdo-00977-00318523-00318790 simulated for condition 3 the the one
+6D_IznoLPdo-00978-00318791-00319012 before you simulated is condition 2 and
+6D_IznoLPdo-00979-00319013-00319291 suppose the condition 2 and condition 3
+6D_IznoLPdo-00980-00319292-00319612 has the same output as far as this
+6D_IznoLPdo-00981-00319613-00319819 particular one is concerned then the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00982-00319820-00319959 output will be correct absolutely
+6D_IznoLPdo-00983-00319960-00320068 correct
+6D_IznoLPdo-00984-00320069-00320373 so to unearth this error you have to
+6D_IznoLPdo-00985-00320374-00320640 work out a condition where the output is
+6D_IznoLPdo-00986-00320641-00320853 different than this particular condition
+6D_IznoLPdo-00987-00320854-00321225 and if as a designer you you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00988-00321226-00321531 inadvertently made a mistake you are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00989-00321532-00321712 very because there is by mistake you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00990-00321713-00321863 missed that and you
+6D_IznoLPdo-00991-00321864-00322118 not realize this and you will not be
+6D_IznoLPdo-00992-00322119-00322276 able to make that condition to honor
+6D_IznoLPdo-00993-00322277-00322630 this error so the busting is not to make
+6D_IznoLPdo-00994-00322631-00322937 some mistake no make this mistake so it
+6D_IznoLPdo-00995-00322938-00323264 is in real life or so it is it is better
+6D_IznoLPdo-00996-00323265-00323588 some mistakes are better you don't make
+6D_IznoLPdo-00997-00323589-00323891 such a mistake like you drive on the
+6D_IznoLPdo-00998-00323892-00324184 wrong side of the hood and then you are
+6D_IznoLPdo-00999-00324185-00324409 bound to do to crash into somebody else
+6D_IznoLPdo-01000-00324410-00324824 in a tutu a road so like it is better
+6D_IznoLPdo-01001-00324825-00325139 you don't make such a mistake you be
+6D_IznoLPdo-01002-00325140-00325388 very careful that you don't miss output
+6D_IznoLPdo-01003-00325389-00325591 and win be very careful when you nest
+6D_IznoLPdo-01004-00325592-00325957 the if so that the implied latch or
+6D_IznoLPdo-01005-00325958-00326249 implied memory or inferred latch doesn't
+6D_IznoLPdo-01006-00326250-00326693 occur so I think that is where the the
+6D_IznoLPdo-01007-00326694-00327023 next statement we are going to look at
+6D_IznoLPdo-01008-00327024-00327314 is the case when and what we have left
+6D_IznoLPdo-01009-00327315-00327577 is the loops but may be that we are
+6D_IznoLPdo-01010-00327578-00327904 coming to the end of the lecture we will
+6D_IznoLPdo-01011-00327905-00328166 look at it in the next lecture so
+6D_IznoLPdo-01012-00328167-00328485 quickly we can run through the if then
+6D_IznoLPdo-01013-00328486-00328847 if then is identical to you know the
+6D_IznoLPdo-01014-00328848-00329053 case when else in the concurrent
+6D_IznoLPdo-01015-00329054-00329284 statement so symbol condition is if
+6D_IznoLPdo-01016-00329285-00329495 condition 1 then output get something
+6D_IznoLPdo-01017-00329496-00329738 else how could get something else the
+6D_IznoLPdo-01018-00329739-00329932 equation is similar to when else the
+6D_IznoLPdo-01019-00329933-00330119 complex condition is you know you keep
+6D_IznoLPdo-01020-00330120-00330389 on giving various condition and then you
+6D_IznoLPdo-01021-00330390-00330614 say else for all not of all the
+6D_IznoLPdo-01022-00330615-00330880 conditions equations are similar to one
+6D_IznoLPdo-01023-00330881-00331210 else the power comes from multiple
+6D_IznoLPdo-01024-00331211-00331442 outputs are nesting and you could
+6D_IznoLPdo-01025-00331443-00331756 specify multiple output when the
+6D_IznoLPdo-01026-00331757-00331957 conditions are not identical you can
+6D_IznoLPdo-01027-00331958-00332249 start nesting you can think of nesting
+6D_IznoLPdo-01028-00332250-00332578 in various phase and when you say if you
+6D_IznoLPdo-01029-00332579-00332857 write if you funder and if it it
+6D_IznoLPdo-01030-00332858-00333044 translate to the condition1 and
+6D_IznoLPdo-01031-00333045-00333279 condition2 and when you come here
+6D_IznoLPdo-01032-00333280-00333550 condition one and not of condition two
+6D_IznoLPdo-01033-00333551-00333794 and so on so you can you can kind of
+6D_IznoLPdo-01034-00333795-00334112 work it out and when you don't specify
+6D_IznoLPdo-01035-00334113-00334333 the else you get an implied large and
+6D_IznoLPdo-01036-00334334-00334649 which is which is a large which is
+6D_IznoLPdo-01037-00334650-00334858 useful and you can use concurrent
+6D_IznoLPdo-01038-00334859-00335093 statement to get the same effect and you
+6D_IznoLPdo-01039-00335094-00335197 can
+6D_IznoLPdo-01040-00335198-00335440 it's useful in specifying memory in the
+6D_IznoLPdo-01041-00335441-00335689 case of flip-flops and latches but in
+6D_IznoLPdo-01042-00335690-00335842 the combinational case when you have
+6D_IznoLPdo-01043-00335843-00336304 multiple output the the nested-if
+6D_IznoLPdo-01044-00336305-00336568 then unintentional lighters can happen
+6D_IznoLPdo-01045-00336569-00336853 and as I explained it is very difficult
+6D_IznoLPdo-01046-00336854-00337015 to unearth in simulation because you
+6D_IznoLPdo-01047-00337016-00337276 made it my mistake to work out the
+6D_IznoLPdo-01048-00337277-00337533 condition is quite tough and there's no
+6D_IznoLPdo-01049-00337534-00337734 there's no point in I know there are
+6D_IznoLPdo-01050-00337735-00337924 people who make a mistake which can be
+6D_IznoLPdo-01051-00337925-00338157 corrected in five minutes and next one
+6D_IznoLPdo-01052-00338158-00338397 week you will simulate simulate simulate
+6D_IznoLPdo-01053-00338398-00338713 to honor that error it's not worthwhile
+6D_IznoLPdo-01054-00338714-00338968 you know you planned properly you code
+6D_IznoLPdo-01055-00338969-00339199 properly you go through the code you
+6D_IznoLPdo-01056-00339200-00339531 take any number of no spend as much as
+6D_IznoLPdo-01057-00339532-00339817 time on paper thinking about it and
+6D_IznoLPdo-01058-00339818-00340147 design then less verification will be
+6D_IznoLPdo-01059-00340148-00340533 there you know an experienced designer
+6D_IznoLPdo-01060-00340534-00340873 or experienced engineer should plan
+6D_IznoLPdo-01061-00340874-00341275 properly go systematically so that with
+6D_IznoLPdo-01062-00341276-00341512 minimum iterations things work properly
+6D_IznoLPdo-01063-00341513-00341803 that is how you should you know work out
+6D_IznoLPdo-01064-00341804-00342124 things then you know rush through the
+6D_IznoLPdo-01065-00342125-00342394 things arbitrarily Kuechly writing
+6D_IznoLPdo-01066-00342395-00342609 cooking up something and forever
+6D_IznoLPdo-01067-00342610-00342847 debugging for our sorting out the
+6D_IznoLPdo-01068-00342848-00343201 problem what what one mistake you made
+6D_IznoLPdo-01069-00343202-00343471 in two minutes can kill your two weeks
+6D_IznoLPdo-01070-00343472-00343702 of time many people's time so don't do
+6D_IznoLPdo-01071-00343703-00343963 that planned properly so that I stop
+6D_IznoLPdo-01072-00343964-00344380 here today with this when else and if
+6D_IznoLPdo-01073-00344381-00344556 then if then else which are kind of
+6D_IznoLPdo-01074-00344557-00344974 similar but if then is is complex more
+6D_IznoLPdo-01075-00344975-00345309 useful so next class we will take the
+6D_IznoLPdo-01076-00345310-00345613 case when and the loops so please revise
+6D_IznoLPdo-01077-00345614-00346059 it right some examples of your own using
+6D_IznoLPdo-01078-00346060-00346120 this
+6D_IznoLPdo-01079-00346121-00346455 statements so thank you I wish you all
+6D_IznoLPdo-01080-00346456-00346682 the best
+6D_IznoLPdo-01081-00346683-00346889 you
+6DA-RLymIKI-00000-00001492-00001804 foreign
+6DA-RLymIKI-00001-00001805-00002405 [Music]
+6DA-RLymIKI-00002-00002406-00002712 [Music]
+6GqideNPnZM-00000-00000049-00000276 the meatball sandwich is a common
+6GqideNPnZM-00001-00000277-00000423 sandwich that is a part of several
+6GqideNPnZM-00002-00000424-00000657 cuisines including italian-american
+6GqideNPnZM-00003-00000658-00001314 cuisine and American cuisine
+6GqideNPnZM-00004-00001315-00001836 topic overview
+6GqideNPnZM-00005-00001837-00002067 the sandwich primarily consists of
+6GqideNPnZM-00006-00002068-00002274 meatballs a tomato sauce or marinara
+6GqideNPnZM-00007-00002275-00002541 sauce and bread such as Italian bread
+6GqideNPnZM-00008-00002542-00002838 baguette and bread rolls cheese such as
+6GqideNPnZM-00009-00002839-00003039 provolone and mozzarella is sometimes
+6GqideNPnZM-00010-00003040-00003285 used as an ingredient additional
+6GqideNPnZM-00011-00003286-00003489 ingredients can include garlic green
+6GqideNPnZM-00012-00003490-00003761 pepper and butter among others it is
+6GqideNPnZM-00013-00003762-00003939 sometimes prepared in the form of a
+6GqideNPnZM-00014-00003940-00004515 submarine sandwich
+6GqideNPnZM-00015-00004516-00005018 topic history
+6GqideNPnZM-00016-00005019-00005245 it has been suggested that the meatball
+6GqideNPnZM-00017-00005246-00005404 sandwich was invented in the United
+6GqideNPnZM-00018-00005405-00005606 States around the time of the turn of
+6GqideNPnZM-00019-00005607-00006222 the 20th century
+6GqideNPnZM-00020-00006223-00006734 topic gallery
+6GqideNPnZM-00021-00006736-00007125 equals equals see also
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00000-00000215-00000399 jamal khashoggi prominent saudi
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00001-00000400-00000591 journalist and washington post columnist
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00002-00000592-00000751 has gone missing after visiting his
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00003-00000752-00001007 country's consulate in istanbul
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00004-00001008-00001270 we knew that they would try to sweep the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00005-00001271-00001358 whole thing
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00006-00001359-00001671 under the rug the global response the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00007-00001672-00001726 u.s
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00008-00001727-00002126 response u.n response is bad boy
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00009-00002127-00002295 we're gonna let you get away with this
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00010-00002296-00002338 one
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00011-00002339-00002550 [Applause]
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00012-00002551-00002783 [Music]
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00013-00002784-00003063 in october of 2018 the world learned of
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00014-00003064-00003270 the brutal murder and dismemberment of
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00015-00003271-00003463 washington post columnist jamal
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00016-00003464-00003583 khashoggi
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00017-00003584-00003790 khashoggi had been a government insider
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00018-00003792-00003999 in his home country of saudi arabia
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00019-00004000-00004167 but his relationship with the ruling
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00020-00004168-00004375 family and particularly crown prince
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00021-00004376-00004606 mohammed bin salman or mbs
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00022-00004607-00004759 soured as khashoggi became an
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00023-00004760-00004975 influential advocate for free speech and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00024-00004976-00005183 human rights within the kingdom
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00025-00005184-00005495 in september 2017 fearing retaliation
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00026-00005496-00005711 he fled to the united states my guest
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00027-00005712-00005806 today is jamal
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00028-00005807-00006079 khashoggi he decided several weeks ago
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00029-00006080-00006295 to leave his country because he felt
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00030-00006296-00006431 that he had become
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00031-00006431-00006751 persona non grata in 2018
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00032-00006752-00006910 khashoggi walked into the saudi
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00033-00006911-00007127 consulate in istanbul turkey to obtain
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00034-00007128-00007231 marriage papers
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00035-00007231-00007439 and was ambushed by a team of government
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00036-00007440-00007655 operatives allegedly deployed by prince
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00037-00007656-00007734 muhammad
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00038-00007736-00007991 as khashoggi's fiance hatisha shanghis
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00039-00007992-00008167 waited outside for him to return
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00040-00008168-00008439 the saudi team went to work his ability
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00041-00008440-00008574 to speak freely
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00042-00008575-00008767 to fight for freedom of speech freedom
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00043-00008768-00008878 of press
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00044-00008879-00009191 um some sort of parliamentary
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00045-00009192-00009391 democracy in this country was so
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00046-00009392-00009606 important to him that he was willing to
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00047-00009607-00009910 to leave and lose everything in order to
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00048-00009911-00010046 do that
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00049-00010047-00010367 and in so doing um
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00050-00010368-00010663 he finds himself in the crosshairs of
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00051-00010664-00010814 muhammad bin salman
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00052-00010815-00011223 and this ultimately leads to his murder
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00053-00011224-00011455 and not just any murder but a brutal
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00054-00011456-00011591 gruesome murder
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00055-00011592-00011878 inside his own country's consulate while
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00056-00011879-00012119 his fiancee
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00057-00012120-00012310 is waiting outside believing that he's
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00058-00012311-00012527 coming out with marriage papers
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00059-00012528-00012710 brian fogle is the oscar-winning
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00060-00012711-00012935 filmmaker behind the 2017 netflix
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00061-00012936-00013086 documentary icarus
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00062-00013087-00013375 99 of russian athletes are guilty of
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00063-00013376-00013543 doping be very careful what was your
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00064-00013544-00013615 recording
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00065-00013616-00013830 his new film the dissident out now on
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00066-00013831-00014086 vod contains shocking audio tapes
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00067-00014087-00014271 transcripts and video surveillance
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00068-00014272-00014463 footage of the saudi operation that
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00069-00014463-00014622 ended with jamal khashoggi being
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00070-00014623-00014847 strangled to death and his body disposed
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00071-00014847-00015038 of in several trash bags that will send
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00072-00015040-00015207 messages to everyone else
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00073-00015208-00015415 you can kill everyone the documentary
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00074-00015416-00015615 features damning revelations such as the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00075-00015616-00015799 saudi team's efforts to cover up the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00076-00015800-00015991 murder after the fact by dressing a
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00077-00015991-00016191 khashoggi body double in the slain man's
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00078-00016191-00016366 clothes and parading him in front of
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00079-00016368-00016494 security cameras
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00080-00016495-00016663 you have video of him taking off those
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00081-00016664-00016847 clothes and his fake mustache
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00082-00016848-00017143 so a lot of this seems like they should
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00083-00017144-00017230 have known
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00084-00017231-00017439 or they knew that they could not
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00085-00017440-00017591 possibly get away with this
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00086-00017592-00017886 so how intentional do you think this was
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00087-00017887-00018030 in terms of being a message to the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00088-00018031-00018183 international community
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00089-00018184-00018358 and what does that say about the saudis
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00090-00018359-00018511 that if they were trying to make this
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00091-00018512-00018671 intentional that they could dismember
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00092-00018672-00018847 somebody in a foreign consulate
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00093-00018848-00019047 and use that as a message to the world i
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00094-00019048-00019191 don't believe that
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00095-00019192-00019407 uh saudi arabia believed they were going
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00096-00019408-00019543 to get caught
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00097-00019544-00019822 i think the murder was botched they
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00098-00019823-00019991 didn't know that there was a listening
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00099-00019992-00020150 device in the consulate they had
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00100-00020151-00020222 actually come
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00101-00020223-00020519 to sweep the consulate for bugs two days
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00102-00020520-00020655 before they murdered khashoggi and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00103-00020656-00020863 didn't find the bug
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00104-00020864-00021143 that was in the media room clearly they
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00105-00021144-00021303 were trying to plant the murder on
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00106-00021304-00021494 turkey with the body double
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00107-00021495-00021807 they were not expecting the fiancee
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00108-00021808-00022127 uh to be waiting for him outside with
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00109-00022128-00022167 his
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00110-00022168-00022478 phones with his devices
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00111-00022479-00022614 then you know because they would have
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00112-00022615-00022855 confiscated those devices and those
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00113-00022856-00023103 devices you know also revealed pegasus
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00114-00023104-00023183 on his phone
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00115-00023184-00023414 using pegasus a spyware tool that the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00116-00023415-00023639 saudis allegedly installed to eavesdrop
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00117-00023640-00023799 on khashoggi's conversations
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00118-00023800-00023903 they discovered that he was
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00119-00023904-00024071 communicating with a young dissident
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00120-00024072-00024327 living in canada named omar abdulaziz
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00121-00024328-00024583 i know my jamal was killed it's because
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00122-00024584-00024639 of me
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00123-00024640-00024830 once you start working with us you're
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00124-00024831-00024983 not just a journalist
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00125-00024984-00025199 you're a dissident as the film recounts
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00126-00025200-00025383 prince muhammad also attempted to go
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00127-00025384-00025511 after abdul aziz
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00128-00025512-00025646 there's a team that's going to kill you
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00129-00025647-00025958 soon we see in the film
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00130-00025960-00026183 that before killing and murdering
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00131-00026183-00026270 khashoggi
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00132-00026272-00026583 saudi arabia sends a rendition team
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00133-00026583-00026895 to omar abdulaziz in canada and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00134-00026895-00027190 he's smart enough to have recorded these
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00135-00027191-00027358 conversations
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00136-00027360-00027695 in which they basically are going omar
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00137-00027695-00027902 come back to saudi arabia we'll make you
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00138-00027904-00028079 famous you'll be
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00139-00028080-00028399 a big celebrity mbs likes you he likes
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00140-00028400-00028567 that you're dissenting against him
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00141-00028568-00028983 he thinks you're great really
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00142-00028983-00029223 the dissident also exposes widespread
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00143-00029224-00029423 efforts to cover up or gloss over
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00144-00029424-00029527 khashoggi's killing
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00145-00029527-00029774 you in the film see agnes calamar go in
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00146-00029775-00029999 front of the u.n human rights committee
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00147-00030000-00030327 lays out this crime that the cia and all
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00148-00030327-00030487 the other intelligence agencies in the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00149-00030488-00030679 world have validated
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00150-00030680-00031111 and the united nations does nothing
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00151-00031112-00031262 gutierrez doesn't take it to the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00152-00031263-00031414 security council
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00153-00031416-00031639 it doesn't go to the general assembly
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00154-00031639-00031767 there's no trial
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00155-00031768-00031927 in the hague in the netherlands i mean
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00156-00031927-00032118 right this is just
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00157-00032119-00032335 okay they're too big they're too
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00158-00032336-00032518 powerful they have too much money
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00159-00032519-00032727 and we've got too many allies in the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00160-00032727-00032855 region and they're too
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00161-00032856-00033015 central in that part of the world in the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00162-00033016-00033239 region we're just gonna
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00163-00033240-00033439 we're just gonna let this one go the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00164-00033440-00033695 king firmly denies any knowledge of it
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00165-00033696-00033839 could have been rogue
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00166-00033840-00034143 killers remember an early trump thing is
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00167-00034144-00034183 you know
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00168-00034184-00034471 he had ties to terrorism uh that he was
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00169-00034472-00034711 working with isis and muslim brotherhood
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00170-00034712-00034751 and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00171-00034752-00034959 uh was friends with bin laden and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00172-00034960-00035255 basically going oh okay so it's okay to
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00173-00035256-00035351 have that happen
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00174-00035352-00035630 now of course none of that's true he
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00175-00035631-00035807 wasn't working with muslim brotherhood
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00176-00035808-00036062 he wasn't working with isis yes he knew
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00177-00036063-00036271 bin laden he knew bamadin in the 1980s
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00178-00036272-00036430 when the united states was supporting
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00179-00036431-00036543 bin laden
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00180-00036544-00036727 when we thought he was our ally he
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00181-00036728-00036918 wasn't a radical he wasn't a terrorist
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00182-00036919-00037015 sympathizer
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00183-00037016-00037262 basically what the prince need to do is
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00184-00037263-00037407 just unplug
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00185-00037408-00037711 and plug government support
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00186-00037712-00038071 to radicalism and radicalism will die
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00187-00038072-00038271 the radicals in saudi arabia most of
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00188-00038272-00038446 them are within the government
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00189-00038447-00038687 service the government payroll all of a
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00190-00038688-00038943 sudden there was a justification for
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00191-00038944-00039143 why somebody should be murdered in such
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00192-00039144-00039262 a manner and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00193-00039263-00039462 that should not alter the narrative and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00194-00039463-00039662 that's you know one of the main reasons
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00195-00039663-00039807 you know why i also want to make the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00196-00039808-00040023 film though he was fresh off an oscar
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00197-00040024-00040135 win for icarus
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00198-00040136-00040318 fogle says it proved difficult to find
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00199-00040319-00040502 partners willing to make the dissident
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00200-00040503-00040655 and it was only made possible through
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00201-00040656-00040783 the backing of the human rights
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00202-00040784-00040855 foundation
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00203-00040856-00041030 though the documentary premiered at the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00204-00041031-00041246 2020 sundance film festival to rave
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00205-00041247-00041335 reviews
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00206-00041336-00041502 it was rejected by all major
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00207-00041503-00041702 distributors before being picked up by
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00208-00041703-00041846 briarcliff entertainment
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00209-00041847-00042071 the dissident was ultimately turned down
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00210-00042072-00042239 by a few studios because they feared
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00211-00042240-00042383 reprisal can you just talk about the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00212-00042384-00042527 challenges that you faced in
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00213-00042528-00042646 distributing the film
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00214-00042647-00042807 so we couldn't have asked for anything
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00215-00042808-00042974 better from the audience response and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00216-00042975-00043095 the critical reception
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00217-00043096-00043415 but we basically walked out of sundance
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00218-00043416-00043695 without a single offer to acquire the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00219-00043696-00043807 film it was
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00220-00043808-00044111 a universal pass from all of the major
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00221-00044112-00044190 streamers
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00222-00044191-00044558 all of the major studios and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00223-00044559-00044743 what was going on behind the scenes
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00224-00044744-00045007 there is that every single one of these
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00225-00045008-00045111 major streamers
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00226-00045112-00045351 major media companies that are now
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00227-00045352-00045439 global
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00228-00045440-00045735 companies made the decision those issues
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00229-00045736-00045902 are not as important
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00230-00045903-00046287 as subscriber growth as being able to
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00231-00046288-00046574 take investment from the kingdom as
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00232-00046575-00046758 protecting your investment and business
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00233-00046759-00046958 interests in the region
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00234-00046959-00047215 um and not upsetting their allies such
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00235-00047216-00047367 as the emirates
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00236-00047368-00047662 and and egypt and india and everywhere
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00237-00047663-00047735 else where
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00238-00047736-00048062 you know saudi arabia is highly invested
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00239-00048063-00048335 um and ultimately when you look at the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00240-00048336-00048590 saudi investment i mean soft bank is the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00241-00048591-00048774 world's largest hedge fund
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00242-00048775-00048983 the saudi sovereign wealth fund is the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00243-00048984-00049111 world's largest fund
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00244-00049112-00049415 for investment and so their tentacles
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00245-00049416-00049543 are so deep
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00246-00049544-00049830 and i understand it i'm not mad at them
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00247-00049831-00049871 i
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00248-00049872-00050295 i understand the predicament i just wish
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00249-00050296-00050615 that we as a society were
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00250-00050616-00050871 valuing human rights and valuing stories
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00251-00050872-00050943 like this
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00252-00050944-00051158 we see now with especially china's box
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00253-00051159-00051335 office being massively opened
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00254-00051336-00051511 um hollywood's you know a lot of
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00255-00051512-00051735 productions are dependent on chinese
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00256-00051736-00051854 rules and they don't want to offend
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00257-00051855-00051926 officials
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00258-00051927-00052119 so do you think that there's a line
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00259-00052120-00052246 beyond which
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00260-00052247-00052423 you know that you can identify that you
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00261-00052424-00052647 know is is immoral for
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00262-00052648-00052838 companies or individuals to engage with
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00263-00052839-00053030 these authoritarian regimes or is it
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00264-00053032-00053254 sort of muddy always these are the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00265-00053255-00053454 calculated decisions
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00266-00053455-00053735 that businesses and leaders make when
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00267-00053736-00053919 figuring out whether or not you're going
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00268-00053920-00054071 to actually try to
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00269-00054072-00054287 seek justice accountability or punish a
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00270-00054288-00054535 murder and what we see here in this case
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00271-00054536-00054663 the stakes are too high
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00272-00054664-00054959 450 billion dollars worth of things
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00273-00054960-00055063 ordered from
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00274-00055064-00055382 a very rich country saudi arabia if i
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00275-00055383-00055535 say we're going to cut it off
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00276-00055536-00055759 they will get the equipment military
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00277-00055760-00055942 equipment and other things from russia
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00278-00055944-00056007 and china
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00279-00056008-00056375 the alternative is to what lose
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00280-00056376-00056687 hundreds of billions of dollars of
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00281-00056688-00056799 weapon sales
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00282-00056800-00057191 globally uh to not have
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00283-00057191-00057454 that those hundreds of billions of
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00284-00057455-00057630 dollars of liquidity
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00285-00057632-00057894 for investment into outside companies
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00286-00057895-00058150 tech companies banks etc
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00287-00058151-00058366 this change has to be able to take place
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00288-00058367-00058607 and come
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00289-00058608-00058911 just like the arab spring did from
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00290-00058912-00058999 individuals
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00291-00059000-00059207 just like the blm movement just like me
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00292-00059208-00059399 too just like all of these social
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00293-00059400-00059526 justice campaigns
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00294-00059527-00059679 they have to come from the people
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00295-00059679-00059791 because they're not going to come from
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00296-00059791-00059863 the businesses
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00297-00059864-00059975 and it's not going to come from the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00298-00059976-00060199 government we know that many uh
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00299-00060200-00060566 are trying to uh use this
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00300-00060567-00060871 painful uh thing all our uh mega
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00301-00060872-00061030 projects are ongoing
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00302-00061032-00061303 our war on extremism is ongoing our war
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00303-00061304-00061463 on terrorism is ongoing
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00304-00061464-00061679 uh developing and upgrading the country
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00305-00061679-00061806 is ongoing no matter
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00306-00061807-00062047 what they do to lower our speed or
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00307-00062048-00062294 hinder our speed they will not succeed
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00308-00062295-00062526 the crown prince of saudi arabia a
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00309-00062527-00062735 friend of mine a man who
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00310-00062736-00063063 has really done things in the last
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00311-00063064-00063294 five years in terms of opening up saudi
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00312-00063295-00063375 arabia
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00313-00063376-00063559 we saw the trump administration sweep
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00314-00063560-00063679 this under the rug in a pretty
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00315-00063679-00063854 disgusting way but you know
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00316-00063855-00064063 obama sold arms to saudi it's been the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00317-00064064-00064206 same way for the you know past several
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00318-00064207-00064399 presidents bush like we've had very
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00319-00064400-00064575 close ties to saudi arabia for all the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00320-00064576-00064719 reasons that you just mentioned
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00321-00064720-00064991 given how horrific this crime was and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00322-00064991-00065159 how much publicity it got
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00323-00065160-00065366 is there anything that could happen you
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00324-00065367-00065582 know in geopolitics that could change
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00325-00065583-00065735 that status quo
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00326-00065736-00065887 and do you have any reason to believe
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00327-00065888-00066063 that the blind administration will be
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00328-00066064-00066135 any different
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00329-00066136-00066350 donald trump you know was recorded for
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00330-00066351-00066487 bob woodard's book
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00331-00066488-00066863 uh bragging i saved mbs's ass i mean
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00332-00066864-00066919 this was
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00333-00066920-00067223 intentional but what i did see in going
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00334-00067224-00067423 with atesia to washington
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00335-00067424-00067582 and having her meet with everybody from
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00336-00067583-00067799 nancy pelosi to lindsey graham
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00337-00067800-00068143 i saw a real desire
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00338-00068144-00068526 among both houses bipartisan
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00339-00068527-00068871 that we must re-examine our relationship
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00340-00068872-00069119 with the saudis and there needs to be
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00341-00069120-00069294 some sort of justice for jamal there
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00342-00069295-00069511 needs to be accountability for jamal
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00343-00069512-00069799 and biden has come out publicly second
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00344-00069800-00070071 year anniversary of khashoggi's murder
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00345-00070072-00070375 biden made a public statement uh that if
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00346-00070376-00070567 he was elected president
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00347-00070568-00070806 that he would you know look to
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00348-00070807-00070919 re-examine
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00349-00070920-00071182 the u.s saudi relationship uh seek
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00350-00071183-00071399 accountability for jamal's murder
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00351-00071400-00071711 so he has publicly stated that and i
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00352-00071712-00071806 guess we'll
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00353-00071807-00072031 we'll see how it goes as he takes office
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00354-00072032-00072119 this so-called
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00355-00072120-00072319 davos of the desert the forum that was
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00356-00072320-00072447 designed to attract
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00357-00072448-00072671 international investment the new europe
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00358-00072672-00072950 is the middle east
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00359-00072951-00073231 the uh public investment fund reaching 2
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00360-00073232-00073382 trillion or more
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00361-00073383-00073638 by 2030. outside the political realm is
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00362-00073639-00073823 there any long-term blow back
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00363-00073824-00074023 from this that you're seeing in like the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00364-00074024-00074238 business community or anything because
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00365-00074239-00074455 mbs had this big vision 2030 there was
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00366-00074456-00074591 the davos in the desert
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00367-00074592-00074711 where you know he was inviting all this
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00368-00074712-00074862 foreign investment a lot of that dried
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00369-00074863-00074894 up
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00370-00074895-00075119 we start to see companies back off about
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00371-00075120-00075247 jamal khashoggi
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00372-00075248-00075543 un says an mp4 video file sent from a
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00373-00075544-00075679 whatsapp account
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00374-00075680-00075943 used by the crown prince infected
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00375-00075944-00076071 bezos's phone
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00376-00076072-00076326 he sent a virus to jeff bezos's phone
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00377-00076327-00076447 which is how
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00378-00076448-00076735 all those techs were released um so you
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00379-00076736-00076791 know
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00380-00076792-00077055 on on net now has that actually impacted
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00381-00077056-00077255 the saudis long term and do you think he
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00382-00077256-00077343 regrets
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00383-00077344-00077582 this or at least regrets that it got out
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00384-00077583-00077759 the funny thing is before the khashoggi
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00385-00077760-00077894 murder
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00386-00077895-00078206 they had done such a good job with that
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00387-00078207-00078335 pr campaign
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00388-00078336-00078591 with mbs's trip to the united states in
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00389-00078592-00078726 march of that year
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00390-00078727-00078959 where he met with you know literally
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00391-00078960-00079094 everybody from
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00392-00079095-00079431 obama to bush to
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00393-00079432-00079887 um bezos to elon musk to larry ellison
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00394-00079888-00080111 to bill gates i mean it was you know
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00395-00080112-00080438 uh and and he was in a suit
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00396-00080439-00080806 and he's young and he was painted
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00397-00080807-00081238 as the great reformer and they bought it
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00398-00081239-00081559 we bought it everybody everybody was
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00399-00081560-00081662 like wow
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00400-00081663-00081926 this guy is really got an open mind he's
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00401-00081927-00081999 going to change
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00402-00082000-00082382 things and what we saw on the khashoggi
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00403-00082383-00082503 murder
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00404-00082504-00082831 his arrest lujan al-hatould woman's
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00405-00082832-00083118 activists the arrests and crackdown of
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00406-00083119-00083271 thousands and thousands of people
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00407-00083272-00083567 dissent who had any opinion of dissent
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00408-00083568-00083887 um the purge at the ritz carlton among
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00409-00083888-00084143 you know other members of his family and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00410-00084144-00084382 anybody who held wealth in that country
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00411-00084383-00084591 we saw basically the contradictory
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00412-00084592-00084703 actions
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00413-00084704-00085023 of a totalitarian regime
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00414-00085024-00085231 that what was being painted to the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00415-00085232-00085438 outside world
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00416-00085439-00085662 and being supported through uh you know
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00417-00085663-00085831 a massively funded
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00418-00085832-00086175 pr campaign was the exact
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00419-00086176-00086375 opposite of what was really going on in
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00420-00086376-00086647 the kingdom and that's what put jamal
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00421-00086648-00086918 in mbs's way because jamal was out there
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00422-00086919-00087087 going okay
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00423-00087088-00087279 this is great that you want to do all
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00424-00087280-00087471 these things and all of this is positive
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00425-00087472-00087599 for our country
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00426-00087600-00087935 but you can't do that and also lock up
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00427-00087936-00088111 people and behead them and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00428-00088112-00088415 uh and put them on trial
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00429-00088416-00088735 and torture their families and etc etc
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00430-00088736-00089135 if they don't agree with you that's not
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00431-00089136-00089487 that's not evolving that's you know
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00432-00089488-00089679 that's the dark ages
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00433-00089680-00089950 and jamal spoke up about that and that
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00434-00089951-00090031 is
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00435-00090032-00090262 you know one of the one if not the key
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00436-00090263-00090359 reason
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00437-00090360-00090582 why they murdered him that is what i'm
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00438-00090583-00090694 fearful of
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00439-00090695-00091023 he it is becoming a one-man rule he has
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00440-00091024-00091311 a control of everything he is creating
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00441-00091312-00091503 an environment of uh
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00442-00091504-00091806 of of of intimidation and and fear
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00443-00091807-00091999 surroundings are being silenced things
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00444-00092000-00092175 are not being transparent
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00445-00092176-00092431 and that is not a good recipe for reform
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00446-00092432-00092543 in saudi arabia
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00447-00092544-00092735 fogel says he's most passionate about
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00448-00092736-00092918 seeking justice and accountability for
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00449-00092919-00093094 whistleblowers dissidents and other
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00450-00093095-00093287 victims of totalitarian governments
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00451-00093288-00093391 around the world
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00452-00093392-00093606 were you the mastermind that cheated the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00453-00093607-00093759 olympics
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00454-00093760-00094006 yes the film for which he won an oscar
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00455-00094007-00094118 in 2017
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00456-00094119-00094335 icarus provided crucial evidence on the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00457-00094336-00094518 russian olympics doping scandal
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00458-00094519-00094687 based on revelations from the former
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00459-00094688-00094862 head of moscow's internationally
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00460-00094863-00095055 certified drug testing laboratory
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00461-00095056-00095206 grigori rochenkov
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00462-00095207-00095374 who worked with kremlin officials to
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00463-00095375-00095492 implement the scheme
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00464-00095493-00095774 [Applause]
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00465-00095775-00096023 was putin aware of the existence of the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00466-00096024-00096199 russian doping system
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00467-00096200-00096455 yes this all can be proved it's quite
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00468-00096456-00096582 mind-blowing
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00469-00096583-00096791 in the case of icarus you know me and my
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00470-00096792-00096887 team ended up
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00471-00096888-00097079 literally protecting the life of a
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00472-00097080-00097199 whistleblower
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00473-00097200-00097462 bringing him to the united states uh
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00474-00097463-00097662 bringing his story to the new york times
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00475-00097663-00097838 then following that story
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00476-00097839-00098087 shepherding him into protection to this
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00477-00098088-00098167 day have
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00478-00098168-00098455 continued to try to protect him will
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00479-00098456-00098638 kill me
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00480-00098639-00098894 holy two people connected with the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00481-00098895-00099079 russian doping program are already dead
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00482-00099080-00099391 the fallout of icarus was five months
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00483-00099392-00099550 after the film came out russia was
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00484-00099551-00099623 banned
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00485-00099624-00099959 from the 2018 olympics and the ioc the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00486-00099960-00100167 olympic committee cited icarus in their
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00487-00100168-00100215 region
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00488-00100216-00100518 recent decision so all these factors you
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00489-00100519-00100606 know just
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00490-00100607-00100918 made me feel as you know a documentary
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00491-00100919-00101071 in a storyteller
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00492-00101072-00101359 that wanted to continue on you know
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00493-00101360-00101559 journeys like that making stories like
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00494-00101560-00101599 that
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00495-00101600-00101974 knowing that the content really uh
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00496-00101975-00102255 had a global importance of human rights
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00497-00102256-00102502 the story of a of not only a horrific
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00498-00102503-00102599 murder but
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00499-00102600-00102894 in omar abdul aziz his family is and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00500-00102895-00103118 friends and brothers are jailed without
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00501-00103119-00103230 charges
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00502-00103231-00103582 uh beheadings 900 beheadings last year
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00503-00103583-00103918 most from young activists um
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00504-00103919-00104118 and you know the list goes on and on and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00505-00104119-00104366 you mentioned omar abdulaziz
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00506-00104367-00104599 uh that's one of the other particularly
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00507-00104600-00104751 wrenching moments that i found from the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00508-00104752-00104871 film was when
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00509-00104872-00105143 he got a call from his brother begging
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00510-00105144-00105239 him to stop
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00511-00105240-00105471 because the saudi government was
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00512-00105472-00105566 torturing his
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00513-00105567-00105847 his brothers um or that he's he said he
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00514-00105848-00106015 had 22 of his friends and his brothers
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00515-00106016-00106175 have remained in solitary confinement in
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00516-00106176-00106254 jeddah
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00517-00106255-00106510 icarus also featured you know astounding
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00518-00106511-00106623 tales of
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00519-00106624-00106799 this whistleblower who gave up
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00520-00106800-00106983 everything to tell his story
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00521-00106983-00107254 so what insight has that given you into
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00522-00107255-00107407 what kind of a person does that
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00523-00107408-00107678 and how is how is that worth it for him
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00524-00107679-00107734 to have
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00525-00107735-00107878 everybody that's ever known in his life
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00526-00107879-00108095 be tortured and imprisoned in order to
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00527-00108096-00108423 reveal this i felt deeply connected to
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00528-00108424-00108766 heteja and the lost that this woman was
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00529-00108767-00108886 going for
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00530-00108888-00109199 and i wanted to and still want to help
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00531-00109200-00109286 her
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00532-00109288-00109454 and roll up my sleeves and help her
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00533-00109455-00109678 fight for justice for jamal because it
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00534-00109679-00109854 shouldn't just be her
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00535-00109855-00110190 and i became deeply connected and
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00536-00110191-00110590 found you know
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00537-00110591-00110934 a brother and omar abdulaziz and his
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00538-00110935-00111295 journey and i saw his truth was so
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00539-00111296-00111383 important
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00540-00111383-00111590 that he was willing to do and is willing
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00541-00111591-00111775 to do anything for that
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00542-00111776-00112086 and the fact that his brothers would
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00543-00112088-00112286 be tortured and sit in a prison for two
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00544-00112288-00112447 years without charges
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00545-00112448-00112719 simply because they know him and simply
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00546-00112720-00112799 because
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00547-00112800-00113215 he is speaking truth to power um
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00548-00113216-00113439 that's why i made the movie i made the
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00549-00113440-00113615 movie to try to
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00550-00113616-00113839 make an impact in the world and to fight
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00551-00113840-00114063 for justice for jamal
+6Ge8wv4imzE-00552-00114064-00115016 so that his voice was in silence
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00000-00000456-00000726 welcome to the working preacher books
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00001-00000727-00000975 podcast a series focused on igniting
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00002-00000976-00001239 your curiosity as a preacher and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00003-00001240-00001558 connecting you with the living word join
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00004-00001559-00001863 me caroline lewis and me rolf jacobson
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00005-00001864-00002118 along with band at the podcast as we
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00006-00002119-00002359 gain insights and hear stories straight
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00007-00002360-00002623 from working preacher authors about
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00008-00002624-00002887 proclaiming an authentic word in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00009-00002888-00003055 challenging times
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00010-00003056-00003231 in this episode we are talking with
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00011-00003232-00003438 donna giver johnston author of writing
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00012-00003439-00003622 for the ear preaching from the heart in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00013-00003623-00003870 the working preacher book series
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00014-00003871-00004086 donna we are so glad that you are here
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00015-00004087-00004295 with us welcome to the working preacher
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00016-00004296-00004479 books podcast
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00017-00004480-00004679 thank you caroline and ralph it is a joy
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00018-00004680-00004815 to be here
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00019-00004816-00005063 so donna tell us a little bit about uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00020-00005064-00005263 you and who you are and what you're up
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00021-00005264-00005486 to these days
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00022-00005487-00005822 okay so um i have been uh ordained as a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00023-00005823-00005951 minister of word and sacrament in the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00024-00005952-00006199 presbyterian church for 25 years been
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00025-00006200-00006454 serving different congregations uh since
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00026-00006455-00006734 then i did take some time off to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00027-00006736-00007063 get a phd in homiletics and liturgics
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00028-00007064-00007246 so with that i have been doing some
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00029-00007247-00007495 teaching at pittsburgh seminary as well
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00030-00007495-00007742 as writing some books but mainly you can
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00031-00007743-00007959 find me every sunday in the pulpit uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00032-00007959-00008151 currently at community presbyterian
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00033-00008152-00008327 church of ben avin in pittsburgh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00034-00008328-00008503 pennsylvania
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00035-00008504-00008783 you are a working preacher
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00036-00008784-00009031 indeed
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00037-00009032-00009135 right
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00038-00009136-00009399 donna in your intro uh to this book you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00039-00009400-00009574 write it is essential in preaching to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00040-00009575-00009783 make connections
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00041-00009784-00009942 what connections are the hardest to make
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00042-00009943-00010127 from the pulpit
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00043-00010128-00010310 yes thanks for the question and i wanted
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00044-00010311-00010503 to start actually by
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00045-00010504-00010671 giving a shout out a word of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00046-00010672-00010927 appreciation a word of solidarity with
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00047-00010928-00011142 all the working preachers out there
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00048-00011143-00011335 obviously it has been a very very
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00049-00011336-00011623 difficult time during coven
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00050-00011624-00011855 very disorienting
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00051-00011856-00012055 very draining
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00052-00012056-00012183 some of you have been preaching to a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00053-00012184-00012399 little dot on your computer i've been
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00054-00012400-00012703 preaching to an empty empty sanctuary
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00055-00012704-00012943 so it is really hard to make those
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00056-00012944-00013143 connections with people when you can't
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00057-00013144-00013271 even see them
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00058-00013272-00013607 um so when i'm talking about connection
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00059-00013608-00013871 i'm talking about um connecting the word
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00060-00013872-00014111 of god the ancient word with the world
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00061-00014112-00014422 today i'm talking about uh connecting
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00062-00014423-00014575 with people
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00063-00014576-00014711 that come with lots of different
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00064-00014712-00014951 questions and wondering even how to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00065-00014952-00015166 listen today i spent a lot of time in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00066-00015168-00015383 the first chapter talking about how you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00067-00015384-00015647 know in this secular post-modern uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00068-00015647-00015822 pluralistic world you know it's very
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00069-00015823-00016094 hard for people to even have the kind of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00070-00016095-00016455 attention um not having a familiarity
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00071-00016456-00016743 with the the text even uh the the gospel
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00072-00016744-00017086 narrative the bible um so kind of that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00073-00017087-00017343 connection as well as i'm thinking about
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00074-00017344-00017535 like a deeper when i say connection
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00075-00017536-00017727 which i use that word a lot in the book
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00076-00017728-00018007 it's talking about um a relationship a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00077-00018008-00018286 relevance a sense of making it real for
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00078-00018287-00018455 people
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00079-00018456-00018807 a sense of community and communion
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00080-00018808-00019079 kind of a deep knowing
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00081-00019080-00019222 kind of connection
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00082-00019223-00019391 so that's how i'm using the word
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00083-00019392-00019599 connection and that has been
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00084-00019600-00019894 particularly hard during kova to make
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00085-00019895-00020222 but even at all times i think trying to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00086-00020223-00020527 take an ancient text um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00087-00020528-00020743 and speak to people who you know
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00088-00020744-00020894 they have their phones and they have
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00089-00020895-00021055 their clickers and they can change the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00090-00021056-00021239 channel very quickly
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00091-00021240-00021455 so how do you really capture
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00092-00021456-00021775 those ears in such an era of noise and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00093-00021776-00022007 um and distractions is really the the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00094-00022008-00022278 hardest connection to make
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00095-00022279-00022535 you know one thing i really appreciated
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00096-00022536-00022735 about this book
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00097-00022736-00022983 and i could say many things but one
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00098-00022984-00023230 thing i really appreciated in connection
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00099-00023231-00023350 to connection
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00100-00023351-00023583 is the way in which you're grounding
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00101-00023584-00023727 uh your
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00102-00023728-00023942 your argument your grounding also your
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00103-00023943-00024111 method in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00104-00024112-00024311 in the incarnation in the theology of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00105-00024312-00024527 the incarnation and that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00106-00024528-00024758 uh we have a god of connection and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00107-00024759-00024983 that's really one of the that's the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00108-00024984-00025255 heart of what the incarnation is all
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00109-00025256-00025358 about
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00110-00025359-00025702 and it made me think too uh with regard
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00111-00025704-00025831 to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00112-00025832-00026022 you being a working preacher and as you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00113-00026023-00026183 said preaching to the green dot or
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00114-00026183-00026311 preaching to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00115-00026312-00026631 you know a non-bodied
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00116-00026632-00026967 sanctuary how how was that how has that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00117-00026968-00027143 changed your
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00118-00027144-00027318 idea of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00119-00027319-00027487 and your thoughts about what does it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00120-00027488-00027711 mean to do incarnated preaching or
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00121-00027712-00027839 preaching from
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00122-00027839-00028039 a place of incarnation
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00123-00028039-00028151 right
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00124-00028152-00028343 yes it is grounded in the incarnation at
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00125-00028344-00028599 such an important part for me um in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00126-00028600-00028807 connecting with people and and preaching
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00127-00028808-00029111 and pastoring um i think what it what it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00128-00029112-00029318 has changed for me is first of all i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00129-00029319-00029558 couldn't after a month or two preaching
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00130-00029560-00029751 to an empty sanctuary i couldn't do it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00131-00029752-00029951 anymore so i actually had my secretary
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00132-00029952-00030135 make pictures large pictures of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00133-00030136-00030287 everybody in search
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00134-00030288-00030470 and you probably saw those online and we
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00135-00030472-00030695 put them all over the the pews so
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00136-00030695-00030927 actually i could see people uh because
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00137-00030927-00031102 it was so important to actually see
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00138-00031103-00031239 their faces
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00139-00031239-00031495 and i'll also say a word about um you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00140-00031495-00031767 know as a as a person who preaches every
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00141-00031768-00032087 sunday um so much of the incarnate
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00142-00032088-00032270 preaching is really not just doesn't
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00143-00032272-00032462 just happen on sunday morning it happens
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00144-00032463-00032655 all through the week so it's making
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00145-00032656-00032831 these connections with people having
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00146-00032832-00033046 deep relationships with them
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00147-00033047-00033215 doing their funerals their weddings
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00148-00033216-00033390 their baptisms
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00149-00033391-00033567 all of that creates a certain
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00150-00033568-00033711 relationship
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00151-00033712-00033846 and so that's something that you can
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00152-00033847-00034046 sort of just plug into
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00153-00034047-00034415 um as one person told me years ago uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00154-00034416-00034623 when we had an interim who was serving
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00155-00034624-00034855 as one of the pastors as well he said
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00156-00034856-00035167 well when are you going to preach next
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00157-00035168-00035279 and i don't think it was because i was a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00158-00035280-00035535 better preacher but he said you know we
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00159-00035536-00035895 know you we trust you you love us and so
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00160-00035896-00036151 we meet you halfway
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00161-00036152-00036287 in other words they're already halfway
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00162-00036288-00036511 there uh because of their relationship
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00163-00036512-00036655 so it's much easier to make that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00164-00036656-00036823 connection
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00165-00036824-00036967 yeah you know that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00166-00036968-00037135 that's so right that it's one of the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00167-00037136-00037335 reasons that you know carolyn and i are
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00168-00037336-00037567 often guest preachers someplace uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00169-00037568-00037783 either filling in when a pastor is on
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00170-00037784-00038055 vacation or some occasion it's really
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00171-00038056-00038207 hard to be a guest preacher for that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00172-00038208-00038343 exact reason
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00173-00038344-00038495 yeah
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00174-00038496-00038839 so tell me about the title um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00175-00038840-00039127 so writing uh writing writing for the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00176-00039128-00039335 ear
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00177-00039336-00039583 that of course is uh what's the word
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00178-00039584-00039774 it's a that's a paradox
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00179-00039775-00040055 right so you're writing for you to speak
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00180-00040056-00040374 for the ear yeah um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00181-00040375-00040551 give a couple just kind of highlights
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00182-00040552-00040687 that will
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00183-00040688-00040774 tease
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00184-00040775-00041046 people into buying and reading the book
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00185-00041047-00041183 which they should do
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00186-00041184-00041423 yeah thank you so it started off you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00187-00041424-00041574 know when i was serving a very large
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00188-00041575-00041830 congregation in a large sanctuary with a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00189-00041831-00042127 tall pulpit and i looked out and i just
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00190-00042128-00042343 felt so disconnected from people and as
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00191-00042344-00042511 i was trying to read my manuscript that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00192-00042512-00042735 was even just one more obstacle
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00193-00042736-00042983 and uh so
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00194-00042984-00043239 so what i realized is that i had to find
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00195-00043240-00043558 some way to change that um and so i got
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00196-00043559-00043758 out my pen literally in the pulpit and i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00197-00043759-00044007 started just scratching things off and i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00198-00044008-00044262 started speaking the words out loud and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00199-00044263-00044430 what i realized is that if i couldn't
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00200-00044431-00044630 remember a sentence
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00201-00044631-00044783 then chances are good they couldn't
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00202-00044784-00044887 either
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00203-00044888-00045102 um and so i really began to change the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00204-00045103-00045374 words that i use the the phrases that i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00205-00045375-00045615 use the way i put things together i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00206-00045616-00045799 began to do all of this editing in the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00207-00045800-00046087 pulpit as i was trying to remember uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00208-00046088-00046255 how i could be able to speak to them
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00209-00046256-00046486 without using a manuscript
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00210-00046487-00046758 and so i sort of backed into it um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00211-00046759-00047039 realizing that there was a better way
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00212-00047040-00047230 to connect with my listeners and that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00213-00047231-00047407 really was writing for the ear and so
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00214-00047408-00047527 you know the difference when you're
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00215-00047528-00047727 reading a paragraph and has a long
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00216-00047728-00047990 sentence and lots of lots of wonderful
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00217-00047991-00048199 words which i love
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00218-00048200-00048423 but they don't translate very well into
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00219-00048424-00048567 a sermon
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00220-00048568-00048767 and so to be able to speak in a way that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00221-00048768-00049039 people can actually hear and remember
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00222-00049040-00049374 what you said um as well as when you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00223-00049375-00049583 write for the ear you have a better
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00224-00049584-00049790 chance of remembering it as well so you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00225-00049791-00050039 don't have to always be looking down at
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00226-00050040-00050295 your notes so you just gave two things i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00227-00050296-00050483 mean one is shorter
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00228-00050484-00050727 sentences and um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00229-00050728-00050846 whatever the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00230-00050847-00051127 common language and vocabulary of the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00231-00051128-00051454 community is those are two of the things
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00232-00051455-00051646 well that's an important thing for our
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00233-00051647-00051830 for our listeners to recognize is that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00234-00051832-00052070 what you're offering in this book is a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00235-00052071-00052366 way to communicate and make connection
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00236-00052367-00052599 that is uh not so heavily
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00237-00052600-00052838 manuscript-based or to go off manuscript
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00238-00052839-00053047 to go off script if you will
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00239-00053048-00053454 and and and and really focus on
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00240-00053455-00053663 exactly writing for the ear which is i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00241-00053664-00053894 think one of the hardest things as a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00242-00053895-00054199 teacher of preachers to teach
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00243-00054200-00054342 is to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00244-00054344-00054599 particularly in a seminary when
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00245-00054600-00054830 all of their other writing is academic
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00246-00054832-00055175 and long prose and and so it feels
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00247-00055176-00055335 really uncomfortable
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00248-00055336-00055447 and i'm sure
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00249-00055448-00055630 there are some of our listeners out
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00250-00055632-00055815 there who are like
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00251-00055816-00055903 oh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00252-00055904-00056215 the manuscript is the last thing i am
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00253-00056216-00056382 ever going to give up or
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00254-00056383-00056582 preachers who are afraid that everything
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00255-00056583-00056799 is going to just fall apart the wheels
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00256-00056800-00057047 are all going to fall off the truck if
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00257-00057048-00057207 if they go off script what are you what
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00258-00057208-00057447 are some of your responses to that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00259-00057448-00057679 in that kind of like you know never
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00260-00057679-00057871 never never i'm never gonna i'm never
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00261-00057872-00058071 not going to use a manuscript how do you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00262-00058072-00058238 respond to some of those
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00263-00058239-00058519 fears of working preachers out there
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00264-00058520-00058719 yeah the first thing i would say is just
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00265-00058720-00058942 try it you never know you know roll a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00266-00058944-00059103 stitch or roll the dice you just might
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00267-00059104-00059359 get a six kind of thing um just give it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00268-00059360-00059638 a try and i think what you might find is
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00269-00059639-00059854 that you might be surprised first of all
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00270-00059855-00060150 how easy how much simpler it is than you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00271-00060151-00060479 think and also how you will be
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00272-00060479-00060719 spiritually enriched um you know many
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00273-00060720-00060854 times when i'm standing before my
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00274-00060855-00061111 congregation and i'm preaching without a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00275-00061112-00061350 manuscript and i will
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00276-00061351-00061575 sort of um you know sometimes lose my
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00277-00061576-00061863 place if you will and uh and just to be
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00278-00061864-00062135 suspended in that place of trust
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00279-00062136-00062335 uh just kind of waiting for the word to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00280-00062336-00062430 come
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00281-00062432-00062663 um and and not being afraid to go in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00282-00062664-00062847 another direction
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00283-00062848-00063038 or what often happens is i'll see
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00284-00063039-00063215 somebody in the fuse which is why again
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00285-00063216-00063375 that incarnational preaching is so
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00286-00063376-00063575 important for me i'll see ed sitting
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00287-00063576-00063782 there and i'll think wow
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00288-00063783-00064023 his wife is back in the hospital so i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00289-00064024-00064182 wonder how he could hear this
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00290-00064183-00064511 differently or there's chris whose son
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00291-00064512-00064679 is really struggling with addiction
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00292-00064679-00064894 again so i wonder how i could say this
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00293-00064895-00065047 differently that would connect better
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00294-00065048-00065375 with with her um and so it's a it feels
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00295-00065376-00065567 like it's a conversation even though
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00296-00065568-00065767 obviously i'm not having a conversation
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00297-00065768-00066047 it's very much more of a dialogue and so
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00298-00066048-00066247 in a dialogue you could be present
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00299-00066248-00066415 you have to be you know you have to be
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00300-00066416-00066838 there and so i think it is difficult
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00301-00066839-00066975 but it's not
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00302-00066976-00067175 i think once you work at it you'll feel
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00303-00067176-00067438 like that there is reward there
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00304-00067439-00067694 but don't take my word for it my book
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00305-00067695-00067887 really does provide other compelling
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00306-00067888-00068079 reasons so let me just talk about a few
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00307-00068080-00068255 of those that's all right
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00308-00068256-00068519 uh first of all it's rooted in history
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00309-00068520-00068743 so preaching traces its roots to an
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00310-00068744-00068950 ancient oral communication of telling
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00311-00068951-00069271 stories of faith right so passing those
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00312-00069272-00069438 stories down from generation to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00313-00069439-00069623 generation
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00314-00069624-00069855 and then clyde fant in preaching for
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00315-00069856-00070094 today claims that preaching has been
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00316-00070095-00070399 trapped in the gutenberg galaxy ever
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00317-00070400-00070638 since the printing press was invented
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00318-00070639-00070879 so fant challenges preachers to break
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00319-00070880-00071094 out of this orbit and to return
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00320-00071095-00071438 preaching to its original oral medium
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00321-00071439-00071726 marshall mcluhan says the medium is the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00322-00071727-00072006 message
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00323-00072007-00072262 so it's rooted in history and it's also
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00324-00072263-00072519 grounded in theology
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00325-00072520-00072799 so the incarnation reveals a god who in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00326-00072800-00073126 the word becoming flesh did not just
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00327-00073127-00073231 tell
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00328-00073232-00073550 but showed the depths of divine love
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00329-00073551-00073759 so as preachers of the word
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00330-00073760-00074038 i think we're called not just to tell
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00331-00074039-00074223 but to show
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00332-00074224-00074575 in other words to embody god's word
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00333-00074576-00074799 so preaching is greater than the sum of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00334-00074800-00074999 the words written right
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00335-00075000-00075182 it is the preacher's embodied
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00336-00075183-00075335 performance
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00337-00075336-00075519 i think of the word of god for the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00338-00075520-00075735 people of god
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00339-00075736-00075975 so that means less time on writing a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00340-00075976-00076271 manuscript quietly at the computer
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00341-00076272-00076550 and more time i'm performing the sermon
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00342-00076551-00076782 aloud
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00343-00076783-00076999 so it's rooted in history it's grounded
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00344-00077000-00077287 in theology and finally it's needed in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00345-00077288-00077494 our culture today
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00346-00077495-00077694 so people are disconnected from the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00347-00077695-00077943 church and the biblical narrative in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00348-00077944-00078303 today's post-modern secular society
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00349-00078304-00078543 people listen differently today they're
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00350-00078544-00078871 distracted they um have shorter
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00351-00078872-00079143 attention spans right in this visual
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00352-00079144-00079438 stimuli stimulating society with tweets
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00353-00079439-00079662 and texts and such and so we have to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00354-00079663-00079823 preach differently
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00355-00079824-00080071 so preaching needs to change
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00356-00080072-00080215 so we can make connection with our
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00357-00080216-00080431 listeners today and i also wanted to say
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00358-00080432-00080599 the reason i spent time thinking about
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00359-00080600-00080775 my method because people would often ask
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00360-00080776-00080903 me how do you do this and i'd say i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00361-00080904-00081126 don't know i just do it and so this book
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00362-00081127-00081311 was about me trying to figure out how i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00363-00081312-00081543 do it and i realized that the part of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00364-00081544-00081750 the writing process throughout the week
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00365-00081751-00081982 is really important so i'm not saying to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00366-00081983-00082159 pastors just on sunday morning i know
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00367-00082160-00082294 you've written this manuscript now give
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00368-00082295-00082455 it to me and you're just going to stand
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00369-00082456-00082638 there and preach that's not what it's
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00370-00082639-00082871 about it's about actually working
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00371-00082872-00083031 through the whole week
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00372-00083032-00083143 knowing that you're going to preach
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00373-00083144-00083382 without a manuscript helps you engage
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00374-00083383-00083567 the text differently helps you ask
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00375-00083568-00083775 different questions and helps you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00376-00083776-00083999 actually put the put the sermon together
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00377-00084000-00084215 differently yes so i don't know how much
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00378-00084216-00084382 you know about me donna cause uh we
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00379-00084383-00084631 don't know each other uh very well
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00380-00084632-00084847 but you're gonna be shocked that uh my
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00381-00084848-00084975 favorite part of the book was where you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00382-00084976-00085182 talk about psalm 42.
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00383-00085183-00085438 i know that shocks caroline a lot
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00384-00085439-00085671 but surprise but it's not because it was
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00385-00085672-00085855 about psalm 42
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00386-00085856-00086111 but that in order to do this you talk
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00387-00086112-00086367 about needing to have the scripture
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00388-00086368-00086567 memorized
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00389-00086568-00086791 which i think is something
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00390-00086792-00087023 preaching from memorized text
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00391-00087024-00087159 then you can do that in the hospital
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00392-00087160-00087287 right you don't you don't have to get
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00393-00087288-00087406 out your bible
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00394-00087407-00087662 42 is in you can you can yeah just say a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00395-00087663-00087775 little more
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00396-00087776-00087975 yeah yeah for sure
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00397-00087976-00088182 yeah in the book i wrote about how i was
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00398-00088183-00088326 not looking forward to that assignment
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00399-00088327-00088518 at all because i i struggled with you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00400-00088519-00088735 know memorizing things and i thought
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00401-00088736-00088862 well why should you do that anyway
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00402-00088863-00088982 because you can always just open up your
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00403-00088983-00089087 bible
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00404-00089088-00089471 but what i found is that i i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00405-00089472-00089687 delivered it differently i delivered it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00406-00089688-00089894 kind of tapping into my
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00407-00089895-00090175 my spirit um and it came out i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00408-00090176-00090367 interpreted the words actually as i was
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00409-00090368-00090518 speaking them more than i would just be
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00410-00090519-00090718 reading from a flat text
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00411-00090719-00090847 and um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00412-00090848-00091071 and i remember the professor commenting
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00413-00091072-00091335 about just how deeply moved she was even
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00414-00091336-00091518 as i was as well and i realized that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00415-00091519-00091694 this is holy ground
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00416-00091695-00091918 um and so this has happened many times
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00417-00091919-00092126 to me throughout my ministry on the way
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00418-00092127-00092382 to the cemetery once
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00419-00092383-00092599 they asked me you know can you can you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00420-00092600-00092879 read isaiah 43 and i said oh no i forgot
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00421-00092880-00093047 my bible i was a new pastor or the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00422-00093048-00093215 associate pastor i literally forgot my
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00423-00093216-00093431 bible and i said well wait a second i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00424-00093432-00093718 think i have this one and sure enough
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00425-00093719-00093974 you know i had it in me and so i could
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00426-00093975-00094159 just say you know do not fear for i've
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00427-00094160-00094350 redeemed you i've called you by name you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00428-00094351-00094455 are mine
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00429-00094456-00094687 um and so i think that there is great
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00430-00094688-00095031 value in just having a text so much a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00431-00095032-00095279 part embodied literally uh that it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00432-00095280-00095511 becomes a spiritual experience for you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00433-00095512-00095703 as well as your listeners
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00434-00095704-00095831 that's uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00435-00095832-00096167 an insight um that's new to me uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00436-00096168-00096431 frankly uh but it rings true one of the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00437-00096432-00096687 best sermons i've ever heard uh was at a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00438-00096688-00096815 wedding of a friend of mine and the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00439-00096816-00096982 preacher got up
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00440-00096983-00097103 uh and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00441-00097104-00097335 he thought there would be a bible in the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00442-00097336-00097415 um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00443-00097416-00097599 pulpit and there wasn't
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00444-00097600-00097831 so but he'd worked on the sermons so he
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00445-00097832-00098006 told the story and carolyn you'll be
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00446-00098007-00098247 glad to know it was the gospel of john
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00447-00098248-00098606 uh a wedding at a wedding and but it was
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00448-00098607-00098894 way better because he had memorized it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00449-00098895-00099135 or he close enough that you know he told
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00450-00099136-00099294 the story
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00451-00099295-00099494 yeah that's really uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00452-00099495-00099759 thank you for pointing that out
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00453-00099760-00100031 well and also that that telling of the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00454-00100032-00100303 story is is and one of the i think the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00455-00100304-00100374 other
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00456-00100375-00100567 another really important aspect of this
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00457-00100568-00100799 book donna is the way in which
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00458-00100800-00100999 you're not just making this up it's not
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00459-00101000-00101191 like oh this is this would be a good
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00460-00101192-00101374 idea it's actually
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00461-00101375-00101647 what scripture does i mean scripture was
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00462-00101648-00101735 not
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00463-00101736-00101974 uh we were able to read it now but it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00464-00101975-00102199 was written down
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00465-00102200-00102582 to be heard or as walter ong says it's
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00466-00102583-00102894 scripture is textualized orality
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00467-00102895-00103127 so in some ways where we're getting
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00468-00103128-00103439 closer in your method to the ways in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00469-00103440-00103558 which scripture would have been
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00470-00103559-00103742 experienced
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00471-00103743-00103958 and again a connection to those early
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00472-00103959-00104294 audiences i want to ask you about
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00473-00104295-00104551 the i think there's another resistance
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00474-00104552-00104663 to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00475-00104664-00104958 uh to going off script off manuscript
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00476-00104959-00105183 and that is or i would say not a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00477-00105183-00105431 resistance but a misconception
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00478-00105432-00105558 that uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00479-00105559-00105663 in in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00480-00105664-00105823 and you know this you talk about this in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00481-00105824-00106031 the book that people want you to people
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00482-00106032-00106199 want their preachers to go off script
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00483-00106200-00106447 because they're they seem more connected
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00484-00106448-00106527 and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00485-00106528-00106863 and and there's this misconception that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00486-00106864-00107143 that uh the holy spirit is just going to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00487-00107144-00107486 like come down and infuse you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00488-00107488-00107783 with all these fabulous ideas
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00489-00107783-00108063 and my uh and it's all going to happen
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00490-00108064-00108199 on sunday morning
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00491-00108200-00108366 and it's going to be brilliant
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00492-00108367-00108734 and i but my preaching professor and and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00493-00108735-00108990 and ralph's uh sheldon tostigard would
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00494-00108991-00109119 always say
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00495-00109120-00109310 yes we trust in the spirit but one
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00496-00109311-00109631 should not tax the spirit too much
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00497-00109632-00109743 and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00498-00109744-00110063 and so you it's so you talk in the last
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00499-00110064-00110231 chapter about
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00500-00110232-00110486 uh about
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00501-00110488-00110695 doing a marathon which is amazing
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00502-00110696-00111127 because i i recently ran a 0.5 k ish so
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00503-00111128-00111334 i'm feeling pretty good about that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00504-00111335-00111631 uh but preaching a sermon is not a 15
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00505-00111632-00111958 minute sprint on a sunday morning nor
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00506-00111959-00112207 right is it like this spirit that's just
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00507-00112208-00112366 you know going to infuse you with
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00508-00112367-00112575 brilliance it's more like a marathon a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00509-00112576-00112823 week-long process that requires not only
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00510-00112824-00113158 dedicated exegetical work but also
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00511-00113159-00113366 spiritual preparation
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00512-00113367-00113534 so could you say a little bit more for
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00513-00113535-00113702 our listeners about
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00514-00113703-00113975 about the role of the holy spirit in the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00515-00113976-00114302 process that you are suggesting and then
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00516-00114303-00114599 in part be in to kind of correct that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00517-00114600-00114775 misconception of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00518-00114776-00115110 off manuscript preaching right
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00519-00115111-00115271 yes i wanted to make sure that's not
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00520-00115272-00115519 what i'm suggesting at all
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00521-00115520-00115695 just show up on sunday morning and say
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00522-00115696-00115983 okay spirit you know speak a word um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00523-00115983-00116278 that is usually a disaster for everybody
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00524-00116279-00116607 involved so and i also want to honor the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00525-00116608-00116831 fact that you know
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00526-00116832-00117007 um you know we're preaching the word of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00527-00117008-00117271 god right and so we want to take it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00528-00117272-00117527 seriously um we want to make sure that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00529-00117528-00117766 we do the hard work we get into the text
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00530-00117767-00117975 we ask the hard questions we interrogate
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00531-00117976-00118127 the text we
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00532-00118128-00118399 in my process i invite people around the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00533-00118400-00118615 text every wednesday we do a bible study
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00534-00118616-00118871 in the church and so i listen for where
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00535-00118872-00119063 are people questioning where's the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00536-00119064-00119239 tension what you know what do they
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00537-00119240-00119431 really need to hear about this text so i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00538-00119432-00119727 never do um any kind of uh sermon prep
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00539-00119728-00119943 work by myself it's always in within a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00540-00119944-00120231 community um so i believe the spirit
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00541-00120232-00120399 right we pray for a spirit of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00542-00120400-00120583 illumination uh that the spirit is
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00543-00120583-00120766 working in the community
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00544-00120767-00120943 um also
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00545-00120944-00121110 you know throughout the week i talk
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00546-00121111-00121278 about spiritual care you know really
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00547-00121279-00121527 trying to take care of yourself uh body
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00548-00121528-00121814 mind and spirit so that you you can be
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00549-00121815-00122110 that channel um that you can you can um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00550-00122111-00122343 you know allow the the word of god to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00551-00122344-00122654 speak through you as well um so whether
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00552-00122655-00122839 it's lectio divina
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00553-00122840-00123095 whether it is you know daily devotions
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00554-00123096-00123454 or meditation um in my case you know
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00555-00123455-00123671 yoga walking you know swimming in the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00556-00123672-00123878 pool actually is very spiritual for me
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00557-00123879-00124183 as well um so giving yourself a chance
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00558-00124183-00124319 to listen
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00559-00124320-00124558 and to listen deeply to what the spirit
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00560-00124559-00124807 is saying and then just like moses went
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00561-00124808-00124975 up to the mountain you know on behalf of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00562-00124976-00125119 the people to hear a word and then
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00563-00125120-00125383 brought it back down the same thing is
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00564-00125383-00125558 that basically on sunday morning i'm
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00565-00125559-00125783 saying i have been to the mountain
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00566-00125783-00126047 you know i've listened uh for you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00567-00126048-00126263 with your particular concerns and here's
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00568-00126264-00126423 what i heard
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00569-00126424-00126766 um and uh and so there's a lot of work
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00570-00126767-00127007 that goes into it and then in the moment
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00571-00127008-00127175 as i talked earlier
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00572-00127176-00127351 if you've done all your work then you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00573-00127352-00127527 can really trust the spirit because the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00574-00127528-00127743 spirit has been with you the whole week
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00575-00127744-00127934 and so the spirit's also going to be
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00576-00127935-00128166 with you in that moment if you've worked
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00577-00128167-00128463 on something and you can't remember it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00578-00128464-00128631 then sometimes i'll get something else
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00579-00128632-00128847 in the moment and that'll be what was
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00580-00128848-00129039 really needed to be said but i didn't
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00581-00129040-00129302 think of it that week and so i think
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00582-00129303-00129502 it's you know it's taken me a while to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00583-00129503-00129695 get to that point of trusting you know
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00584-00129696-00129895 really trusting my work
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00585-00129896-00130102 and trusting the community's work and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00586-00130103-00130278 trusting the spirit's work and when all
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00587-00130279-00130439 of that goes together
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00588-00130440-00130702 um it's usually um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00589-00130703-00130886 you know it's it's really a powerful
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00590-00130888-00131023 experience
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00591-00131024-00131231 one last question about the book uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00592-00131232-00131423 thank you for uh thank you for writing
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00593-00131424-00131599 it and uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00594-00131600-00131999 i really commend it uh strongly so
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00595-00132000-00132271 the last question is
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00596-00132272-00132535 one thing that i see happens to some
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00597-00132536-00132814 preachers who um quit using a manuscript
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00598-00132815-00133054 is they preach too long
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00599-00133055-00133175 they think they're going to preach too
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00600-00133176-00133383 short uh without a manuscript but they
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00601-00133384-00133654 actually go on and on like i am now so
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00602-00133655-00134031 how do you not do that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00603-00134032-00134335 um i say practice practice practice so
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00604-00134336-00134487 part of my method which some people some
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00605-00134488-00134639 people might cringe on but i actually
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00606-00134640-00134823 get to the sanctuary pretty early on
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00607-00134824-00135071 sunday morning and spend at least an
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00608-00135072-00135166 hour
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00609-00135167-00135423 if not more practicing
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00610-00135424-00135654 and so some of that is memorizing those
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00611-00135655-00135854 key sentences that you really are
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00612-00135855-00136039 important to make sure that your
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00613-00136040-00136319 messages is communicated and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00614-00136320-00136478 serves as a bridge to get to the next
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00615-00136479-00136743 part um and the other part is just to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00616-00136744-00136943 get it embodied you know feel it in your
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00617-00136944-00137223 body in that space looking around that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00618-00137224-00137519 sanctuary um and so the more you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00619-00137520-00137735 practice i think the better you get at
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00620-00137736-00137943 getting rid of all that extra stuff that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00621-00137944-00138190 you that really doesn't need to be said
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00622-00138191-00138414 and i always time it you know i get out
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00623-00138415-00138735 my phone and i and i push the timer
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00624-00138736-00138911 and i make sure that it's not more in my
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00625-00138912-00139111 case not more than 15 minutes
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00626-00139112-00139271 um and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00627-00139272-00139463 and usually less than so it gives me a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00628-00139464-00139607 little bit of room you know if the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00629-00139608-00139932 spirit moves in another direction
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00630-00139933-00140207 [Music]
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00631-00140208-00140383 another thing we like to do on these
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00632-00140384-00140702 podcasts donna is ask you some uh more
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00633-00140703-00140966 general questions about you as a as a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00634-00140967-00141135 and in your case you as a working
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00635-00141136-00141254 preacher and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00636-00141255-00141631 and how you can uh provide some you know
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00637-00141632-00141823 thoughts and advice for those working
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00638-00141824-00142039 preachers who are listening out there so
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00639-00142040-00142423 what are some of the things that you do
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00640-00142424-00142839 to get unstuck and when you're
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00641-00142840-00143102 when you're working on a sermon and i i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00642-00143103-00143287 think that a lot of what you talk about
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00643-00143288-00143502 in the book is uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00644-00143503-00143863 can be methods of unstuckness in terms
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00645-00143864-00144143 of memorizing the text and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00646-00144144-00144439 and and then also gathering around
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00647-00144440-00144654 with parishioners to talk about that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00648-00144655-00144863 text so i think you have so many things
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00649-00144864-00145135 that are already built into
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00650-00145136-00145311 uh to address that but is there anything
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00651-00145312-00145463 else that you might want to share with
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00652-00145464-00145647 our listeners about how to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00653-00145648-00145807 your you know you're just you're hitting
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00654-00145808-00146095 the wall and nothing's coming and yes
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00655-00146096-00146319 it's been there yeah
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00656-00146320-00146495 i think no matter what your method is
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00657-00146496-00146671 you do have weeks where you get stuck
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00658-00146672-00146766 right
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00659-00146767-00146983 if there's a funeral that comes up or
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00660-00146984-00147239 there's a crisis in the world or
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00661-00147240-00147447 just uh you're exhausted
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00662-00147448-00147702 there's so many other demands of being a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00663-00147703-00147878 parish minister as most of you the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00664-00147879-00148007 listeners know
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00665-00148008-00148231 um so yeah so i have to give a shout out
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00666-00148232-00148407 to workingpreacher.com
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00667-00148408-00148702 that's my go-to uh if i'm really stuck
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00668-00148703-00148863 uh and usually i do it earlier in the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00669-00148864-00149087 week but also it's always a good thing
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00670-00149088-00149319 to go back to and read a couple
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00671-00149320-00149551 of the essays and the commentaries about
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00672-00149552-00149719 the text just if i'm looking for a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00673-00149720-00149902 certain insight that i that i'm not
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00674-00149903-00150223 getting um salvatore ambulando is a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00675-00150224-00150390 latin phrase that means it is solved by
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00676-00150391-00150590 walking and that's what i do a lot as
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00677-00150591-00150743 well just kind of get away from my
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00678-00150744-00151014 computer go out for a walk get out in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00679-00151015-00151119 nature
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00680-00151120-00151287 um in other in other words put the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00681-00151288-00151535 sermon on the back burner and and just
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00682-00151536-00151751 kind of let it percolate and usually
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00683-00151752-00151951 when i come back to it um i've seen
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00684-00151952-00152054 something
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00685-00152055-00152366 um another one is to just focus like
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00686-00152367-00152590 come up with one focus so i i learned
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00687-00152591-00152814 common legs from tom long at princeton
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00688-00152815-00153087 and he taught us the focus function form
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00689-00153088-00153247 and so when i'm really struggling i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00690-00153248-00153590 realize oh i don't have a focus
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00691-00153591-00153783 so i try just to write a really brief
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00692-00153784-00153999 focus and usually
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00693-00154000-00154302 that that's enough to to get me going
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00694-00154303-00154599 can you have an example of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00695-00154600-00154790 like what was your focus
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00696-00154791-00155014 uh for yesterday
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00697-00155015-00155231 uh actually i was off last week i had a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00698-00155232-00155566 prayer prayer planning retreat um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00699-00155567-00155695 but i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00700-00155696-00155951 my focus is always um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00701-00155952-00156119 you know a short phrase but you need to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00702-00156120-00156335 have like a subject and a verb
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00703-00156336-00156463 so in other words you can't just say
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00704-00156464-00156631 god's grace
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00705-00156632-00156878 you have to say you know god's grace is
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00706-00156879-00157126 available to all or something like that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00707-00157127-00157414 or as jesus showed us in the scripture
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00708-00157415-00157607 um you know we are
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00709-00157608-00157766 we are called to pick up our cross or
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00710-00157767-00157959 something like that but in essence you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00711-00157960-00158166 have to have enough of a phrase where
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00712-00158167-00158326 it's going to do something and take you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00713-00158327-00158678 somewhere um and not just like love
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00714-00158679-00158911 that's that's that's that's too broad
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00715-00158912-00159166 thanks uh i wasn't aware of that uh tom
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00716-00159167-00159343 long's method so that's great
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00717-00159344-00159463 what's the heart what's one of the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00718-00159464-00159711 hardest sermons you've ever preached and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00719-00159712-00159975 how did you get through it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00720-00159976-00160143 yeah so the hardest sermon i preached
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00721-00160144-00160399 was this past november uh sadly my
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00722-00160400-00160566 father passed away
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00723-00160567-00160887 and i was asked to give the eulogy um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00724-00160888-00161102 he uh he and my mother are roman
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00725-00161103-00161326 catholic and so obviously i was not
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00726-00161327-00161439 allowed to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00727-00161440-00161671 to do their to do the whole service per
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00728-00161672-00161911 se but my mother asked if i could do the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00729-00161912-00162047 eulogy and i was given special
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00730-00162048-00162166 permission
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00731-00162167-00162263 um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00732-00162264-00162559 it was very difficult um
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00733-00162560-00162807 and i would say you know for what i did
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00734-00162808-00163102 to get through it was i practiced it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00735-00163103-00163407 and practiced it a lot and i kind of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00736-00163408-00163623 used my method you know living with it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00737-00163624-00163878 through the week and uh practiced it so
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00738-00163879-00164054 i could get my own tears out and my
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00739-00164055-00164238 grief out so that then i could offer it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00740-00164239-00164351 to others
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00741-00164352-00164566 and i would say the same thing applies
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00742-00164567-00164759 for you know any sermon that is
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00743-00164760-00165023 difficult is the more that you live with
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00744-00165024-00165263 it and that you're familiar with it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00745-00165264-00165487 and that you let it do its work on you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00746-00165488-00165671 um i i'm sure you've all had that that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00747-00165672-00165799 experience when you're preaching and all
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00748-00165800-00166102 of a sudden you think oh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00749-00166103-00166311 that was for me
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00750-00166312-00166463 thanks god
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00751-00166464-00166654 um and so it's best to kind of have
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00752-00166655-00166951 those moments when you can process that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00753-00166952-00167143 especially if it's emotional
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00754-00167144-00167407 and and then you can be available to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00755-00167408-00167590 preach it to others now i want to be
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00756-00167591-00167743 clear i'm not i'm not saying that you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00757-00167744-00167911 should never cry in the pulpit because i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00758-00167912-00168119 have definitely cried in the pulpit but
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00759-00168120-00168295 you should work through your issues
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00760-00168296-00168575 enough so that the energy doesn't shift
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00761-00168576-00168735 so people aren't trying to take care of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00762-00168736-00168823 you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00763-00168824-00168975 but you're actually
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00764-00168976-00169183 making an offering to them
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00765-00169184-00169438 donnie you talked about a couple of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00766-00169439-00169711 things already with regard to how you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00767-00169712-00170031 fill yourself spiritually uh walking
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00768-00170032-00170223 yoga
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00769-00170224-00170502 and and are there any uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00770-00170503-00170807 what other things do you do and uh and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00771-00170808-00171102 then are there any particular books or
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00772-00171103-00171326 resources along those lines or what do
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00773-00171327-00171487 you what are you reading these days
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00774-00171488-00171751 that's that's filling you up
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00775-00171752-00172007 yeah so i love to to read a good novel
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00776-00172008-00172199 uh just to experience different kinds of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00777-00172200-00172614 writing and also kind of quirky people
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00778-00172615-00172775 and what they think about so this past
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00779-00172776-00172990 summer i had some time to read anxious
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00780-00172991-00173254 people by frederick bachmann uh he's the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00781-00173255-00173495 author of a man called ovae and then
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00782-00173496-00173783 giver of stars jojo moyes and so just
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00783-00173784-00174014 you know some quirky people and trying
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00784-00174015-00174278 to see how they how they navigate life
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00785-00174279-00174447 uh especially people that don't have
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00786-00174448-00174702 religion um i'm always interested in
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00787-00174703-00174895 what gives them meaning and and what are
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00788-00174896-00175071 they searching for and how they how do
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00789-00175072-00175247 they fill that hole
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00790-00175248-00175454 um sometimes i'll go to the tried and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00791-00175455-00175631 true like parker palmer frederick
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00792-00175632-00175838 beekner on right now and just to kind of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00793-00175839-00176102 fill my cup uh poems right now i'm
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00794-00176103-00176343 reading mary oliver spending some more
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00795-00176344-00176502 time in nature
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00796-00176503-00176751 um whispers in the wilderness is a new
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00797-00176752-00176943 book i picked up
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00798-00176944-00177271 and it's by stensland is his last name
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00799-00177272-00177502 and i went to the rocky mountains uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00800-00177503-00177743 national park this past summer
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00801-00177744-00177926 and he's a photographer so he took
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00802-00177927-00178038 pictures
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00803-00178039-00178231 and then he put a short devotion for
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00804-00178232-00178383 each of the pictures
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00805-00178384-00178599 it's just absolutely beautiful
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00806-00178600-00178871 so i guess in addition to books i try to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00807-00178872-00179119 find my way to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00808-00179120-00179351 to pictures to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00809-00179352-00179638 also to music as a different way to to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00810-00179639-00179831 fill my cup and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00811-00179832-00180047 yeah and it's because i do i spend a lot
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00812-00180048-00180263 of time with words
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00813-00180264-00180471 so i do try to find some other other
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00814-00180472-00180695 ways to nurture my spirit is there a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00815-00180696-00180871 book of the bible you've never preached
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00816-00180872-00181063 on that maybe you either do want to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00817-00181064-00181231 preach on it or you're glad you've never
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00818-00181232-00181310 preached on it
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00819-00181311-00181711 [Laughter]
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00820-00181712-00181887 yeah i'm a lectionary preacher so you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00821-00181888-00182063 know kind of straight across the plate
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00822-00182064-00182326 usually um but i do try to look for
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00823-00182327-00182551 opportunities to do sermon series once
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00824-00182552-00182671 in a while
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00825-00182672-00182895 to really explore books that we've never
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00826-00182896-00183166 really spent much time with
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00827-00183167-00183343 and one book i haven't preached on as
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00828-00183344-00183543 i'm thinking about it is the song of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00829-00183544-00183711 song of songs
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00830-00183712-00183959 um and i've been reading about more of
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00831-00183960-00184143 that through kim long's work with that
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00832-00184144-00184447 book and so um that that might be fun to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00833-00184448-00184922 to preach on uh yeah about about love
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00834-00184923-00185175 [Music]
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00835-00185176-00185575 well our last part of our podcast is
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00836-00185576-00185887 when we have bandit the podcast make an
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00837-00185888-00186254 appearance and he is always really
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00838-00186255-00186559 eager to uh to ask questions of our
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00839-00186560-00186663 guests
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00840-00186664-00186887 so bandit and sometimes we have a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00841-00186888-00187054 sighting but we're not sure if we'll
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00842-00187055-00187238 we'll get one today but
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00843-00187239-00187559 bandit asks donna what is your favorite
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00844-00187560-00188038 animal and why is it a cat
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00845-00188039-00188247 well bandit i wish i could see you too
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00846-00188248-00188511 just to tell you that uh sadly my
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00847-00188512-00188687 husband and i are both very allergic to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00848-00188688-00188926 cats so we do have a nice dog named
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00849-00188927-00189238 sadie but i'm sure if you were our cat
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00850-00189239-00189614 we would be able to enjoy you
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00851-00189615-00189823 what kind of dog is shady
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00852-00189824-00190135 she's a rescue dog but she's part lab we
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00853-00190136-00190447 think and part um golden retriever and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00854-00190448-00190654 then she has a really funny curly tail
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00855-00190655-00190863 that we're not sure what it is but uh
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00856-00190864-00191159 she's she's beautiful she's a lot of fun
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00857-00191160-00191319 uh bandit would also like to know what's
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00858-00191320-00191607 your favorite bird um i like the blue
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00859-00191608-00191847 jays we have a wooded backyard and we've
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00860-00191848-00192014 got lots of blue jays that live in the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00861-00192015-00192271 trees and it's very fun to see them
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00862-00192272-00192471 perching on my bird feeder they're a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00863-00192472-00192647 little too big for it but they try to
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00864-00192648-00192799 make it work anyway
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00865-00192800-00192975 to get some seed
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00866-00192976-00193343 and as you know uh cats like to play and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00867-00193344-00193631 uh i think that's particularly true for
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00868-00193632-00193959 for bandit but what's game what what's
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00869-00193960-00194214 one game you could play endlessly
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00870-00194215-00194526 without getting bored no i love to play
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00871-00194527-00194790 charades um at christmas time especially
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00872-00194791-00194990 when the family is together
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00873-00194991-00195231 and uh it's just so fun to see how
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00874-00195232-00195511 people act things out and uh how goofy
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00875-00195512-00195695 it can be and usually there's just a
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00876-00195696-00195878 whole lot of laughter involved so i
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00877-00195879-00196135 could play that for for a long time
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00878-00196136-00196271 then it also wonders what's the
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00879-00196272-00196575 strangest place you've ever taken a nap
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00880-00196576-00196766 yeah i wish i had more naps in my life
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00881-00196767-00196919 but i'll never forget that one time
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00882-00196920-00197063 must've been really tired i went to get
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00883-00197064-00197302 a massage to treat myself and i actually
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00884-00197303-00197678 fell asleep on the massage table
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00885-00197679-00198078 that happened i was very relaxed
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00886-00198079-00198302 and then finally bandit wants to know
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00887-00198303-00198711 what food could you eat every single day
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00888-00198712-00198990 oh that's an easy one i'd say chocolate
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00889-00198991-00199231 in lots of different forms
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00890-00199232-00199502 the darker the better
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00891-00199503-00199766 oh donna uh thank you for this wonderful
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00892-00199767-00200031 book and this great conversation um and
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00893-00200032-00200199 to our listeners thank you for listening
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00894-00200200-00200399 to this episode of the working preacher
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00895-00200400-00200559 books podcast
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00896-00200560-00200787 stay up to date on our conversation at
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00897-00200788-00200990 workingpreacher.org and follow us on
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00898-00200991-00201231 twitter or facebook and find the latest
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00899-00201232-00201499 in our working future book series at
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00900-00201500-00201654 workingpreacher.org
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00901-00201655-00201759 books
+6HkLRnyVNFE-00902-00201760-00202032 thanks for listening
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00000-00000119-00000351 the matter of the universe is made up of
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00001-00000352-00000423 protons
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00002-00000424-00000711 neutrons and electrons these three
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00003-00000712-00000807 particles
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00004-00000808-00000999 can combine in many different ways and
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00005-00001000-00001223 their particular combinations control
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00006-00001224-00001671 many properties of the elements
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00007-00001672-00001998 the number of protons in an atom defines
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00008-00002000-00002134 what element that atom
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00009-00002135-00002439 is if we have an atom
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00010-00002440-00002791 with 11 protons it is a sodium atom
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00011-00002792-00002991 the numbers of neutrons and electrons
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00012-00002992-00003102 don't play a part
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00013-00003103-00003422 in the identity of the atom every
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00014-00003423-00003663 element has a standard symbol as well as
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00015-00003664-00003759 a name
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00016-00003760-00004119 sodium symbol is a capital n lowercase
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00017-00004120-00004422 a lots of elements have symbols derived
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00018-00004423-00004559 from their names
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00019-00004560-00004751 but some element symbols come from older
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00020-00004752-00004951 names that aren't really used in modern
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00021-00004952-00005070 english
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00022-00005071-00005383 sodium for example is called natrium
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00023-00005384-00005695 in latin and so its symbol is
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00024-00005696-00006038 in a
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00025-00006039-00006375 any atom that has 34 protons
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00026-00006376-00006719 is always an atom of selenium selenium
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00027-00006720-00007083 symbol is capital s lowercase
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00028-00007084-00007551 e and an atom with 92 protons
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00029-00007552-00007878 is going to be uranium symbol u
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00030-00007879-00008087 the number of protons in an atom is
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00031-00008088-00008246 referred to as the
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00032-00008247-00008551 atomic number
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00033-00008552-00008807 the atomic number name and symbol for an
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00034-00008808-00008871 element
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00035-00008872-00009095 are all essentially interchangeable ways
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00036-00009096-00009255 to specify
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00037-00009256-00009831 that element
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00038-00009832-00010087 since protons and neutrons are similar
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00039-00010088-00010183 in size
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00040-00010184-00010478 and electrons are so very tiny the total
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00041-00010479-00010727 number of protons and neutrons
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00042-00010728-00011006 estimates the mass of a given atom in
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00043-00011007-00011199 amu's
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00044-00011200-00011567 the mass number is always a whole number
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00045-00011568-00011838 and only refers to a specific atom or
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00046-00011839-00012095 group of identical atoms
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00047-00012096-00012335 the term isotope generally indicates
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00048-00012336-00012519 that we are talking about atoms with a
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00049-00012520-00012683 particular mass
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00050-00012684-00012958 number most elements have more than one
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00051-00012959-00013086 isotope
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00052-00013087-00013255 although some of the man-made elements
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00053-00013256-00013479 have only ever been found with a single
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00054-00013480-00013519 mass
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00055-00013519-00013847 number carbon has three naturally
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00056-00013847-00013991 occurring isotopes
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00057-00013991-00014415 carbon-12 13 and carbon 14.
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00058-00014416-00014630 sometimes you'll see an element symbol
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00059-00014631-00014766 with a superscript
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00060-00014768-00015111 number just in front of that symbol
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00061-00015112-00015483 those numbers will always be the mass
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00062-00015484-00015807 number
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00063-00015808-00016022 mass numbers can't be found using a
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00064-00016023-00016166 periodic table
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00065-00016168-00016343 you can find the atomic number and you
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00066-00016344-00016519 can find the atomic mass for a given
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00067-00016520-00016655 element
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00068-00016656-00016871 but any element may have several
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00069-00016872-00016999 isotopes with different
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00070-00017000-00017319 mass numbers the atomic mass that's
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00071-00017320-00017511 given on the periodic table
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00072-00017512-00017727 is a weighted average of the mass
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00073-00017728-00017830 numbers of
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00074-00017831-00018143 all of the atoms of that element
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00075-00018144-00018335 the weighting factor is known as the
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00076-00018336-00018503 relative abundance
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00077-00018504-00018791 which is usually given as a percentage
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00078-00018792-00019014 relative abundance values are determined
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00079-00019015-00019094 by
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00080-00019095-00019319 sorting large samples of a given element
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00081-00019320-00019422 into groups
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00082-00019423-00019750 based on their mass numbers these values
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00083-00019751-00019911 are pretty constant across
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00084-00019912-00020183 many large samples which lets us assume
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00085-00020184-00020399 that any sample of a given element will
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00086-00020400-00020439 have
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00087-00020440-00021014 the same isotope ratios
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00088-00021015-00021286 take magnesium for example there are
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00089-00021287-00021478 three naturally occurring isotopes of
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00090-00021479-00021558 magnesium
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00091-00021559-00021863 with mass numbers of 24 25
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00092-00021864-00022191 and 26. since the atomic number of
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00093-00022192-00022358 magnesium is 12
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00094-00022359-00022799 the isotopes have 12 13 and 14 neutrons
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00095-00022800-00023150 respectively magnesium 24 is the most
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00096-00023151-00023375 common isotope with a relative abundance
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00097-00023376-00023599 of 79 percent
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00098-00023600-00023814 if you were to collect 100 magnesium
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00099-00023815-00024086 atoms regardless of where you got them
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00100-00024087-00024399 you'd probably find about 79 magnesium
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00101-00024400-00024486 24
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00102-00024487-00024855 atoms magnesium 25 is present in bulk
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00103-00024856-00025103 magnesium samples at a rate of about 10
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00104-00025104-00025214 percent
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00105-00025215-00025503 and the remaining 11 of magnesium atoms
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00106-00025504-00025774 are magnesium 26.
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00107-00025775-00026094 to find the atomic mass of magnesium we
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00108-00026095-00026318 multiply the relative abundance by the
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00109-00026319-00026431 mass number
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00110-00026432-00026735 for each isotope then we add those
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00111-00026736-00026879 values together
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00112-00026880-00027414 and we're done so for magnesium 24
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00113-00027416-00028270 we get 18.96
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00114-00028272-00028623 magnesium 25 gives us
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00115-00028624-00028967 2 0.50
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00116-00028968-00029751 and magnesium 26 gives us 2.86
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00117-00029752-00030267 adding those values all together we get
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00118-00030268-00030502 24.32
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00119-00030503-00030679 that's pretty much the atomic mass
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00120-00030680-00030831 that's printed
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00121-00030832-00031383 on periodic tables
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00122-00031383-00031599 leaving neutrons for now let's look at
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00123-00031600-00031743 electrons
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00124-00031744-00032039 atoms can gain or lose electrons to form
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00125-00032039-00032199 ions
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00126-00032200-00032502 ions never form from changing the number
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00127-00032503-00032655 of protons
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00128-00032656-00032831 because that would change the element
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00129-00032832-00033039 altogether
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00130-00033040-00033271 since electrons are negatively charged
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00131-00033272-00033359 an element that
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00132-00033360-00033718 loses electrons becomes a positively
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00133-00033719-00033823 charged
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00134-00033824-00034159 cation an element with more electrons
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00135-00034160-00034295 than protons
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00136-00034296-00034759 is a negatively charged anion
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00137-00034760-00035087 metals form cations and nonmetals form
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00138-00035088-00035479 anions metalloids can theoretically form
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00139-00035480-00035718 either cations or anions depending on
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00140-00035719-00035959 the situation
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00141-00035960-00036279 the equation protons minus electrons
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00142-00036280-00036543 equals charge can be rearranged
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00143-00036544-00036759 algebraically
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00144-00036760-00037039 in that case you'd have protons minus
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00145-00037040-00037135 charge
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00146-00037136-00037446 equals electrons in either form
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00147-00037447-00037702 the numbers of protons and electrons
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00148-00037703-00037807 will be integers
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00149-00037808-00038127 as they're counted objects the charge
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00150-00038128-00038415 can be positive or negative and you
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00151-00038416-00038511 should be careful
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00152-00038512-00039046 if you're subtracting a negative number
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00153-00039047-00039271 for most of the representative elements
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00154-00039272-00039495 typical ionic charges can be determined
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00155-00039496-00039727 using the periodic table
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00156-00039728-00040062 the noble gases don't form ions
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00157-00040063-00040351 non-metals all gain electrons to form
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00158-00040352-00040511 anions
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00159-00040512-00040727 the number of electrons gained is found
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00160-00040728-00040911 by counting the steps needed
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00161-00040912-00041183 to go from a given non-metal to the
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00162-00041184-00041407 noble gas group
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00163-00041408-00042102 chlorine takes one step
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00164-00042103-00042415 and so it forms a one minus
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00165-00042416-00042790 anion nitrogen
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00166-00042791-00043471 on the other hand is three steps away
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00167-00043472-00043830 and so it forms an ion with a charge of
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00168-00043831-00044039 minus three
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00169-00044040-00044335 the metals lose electrons and for the
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00170-00044336-00044423 alkali
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00171-00044424-00044639 and alkaline earth metals the charges
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00172-00044640-00044823 can be found by looking at the group
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00173-00044824-00044935 number
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00174-00044936-00045246 the alkali metals are in group one and
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00175-00045247-00045358 they take a charge of
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00176-00045359-00045718 plus one the transition metals generally
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00177-00045719-00045935 form more than one cation
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00178-00045936-00046111 they can have two or more possible
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00179-00046112-00046311 charges and so the periodic table
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00180-00046312-00046786 is less helpful in determining their
+6J3ugLqT0IM-00181-00046787-00047087 charges
+6psbFn_UUFM-00000-00000168-00000383 what Traders at Samurai Trader here
+6psbFn_UUFM-00001-00000384-00000730 welcome to this video how I day trade in
+6psbFn_UUFM-00002-00000731-00000911 today's session I'm going to be
+6psbFn_UUFM-00003-00000911-00001265 recapping 13 trades I took for 13
+6psbFn_UUFM-00004-00001266-00001528 winners now these trades were taken over
+6psbFn_UUFM-00005-00001529-00001907 two hour sessions two of them uh they
+6psbFn_UUFM-00006-00001907-00002110 were around some of the trades were
+6psbFn_UUFM-00007-00002111-00002351 taken during our live trading room
+6psbFn_UUFM-00008-00002352-00002687 sessions others were just before I got
+6psbFn_UUFM-00009-00002688-00002892 underway or just before the sessions
+6psbFn_UUFM-00010-00002893-00003238 started Traders the setups or the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00011-00003239-00003479 strategies that I trade almost all of
+6psbFn_UUFM-00012-00003479-00003929 them a mechanical rules-based setups set
+6psbFn_UUFM-00013-00003929-00004217 up set anyone can learn and I'll be
+6psbFn_UUFM-00014-00004218-00004529 showing you from the right hand side of
+6psbFn_UUFM-00015-00004530-00004822 the chart exactly what I'm looking for
+6psbFn_UUFM-00016-00004823-00005231 now even though I specialize in nowadays
+6psbFn_UUFM-00017-00005232-00005488 the Futures markets I used to why I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00018-00005489-00005759 trade full-time the Forex markets I love
+6psbFn_UUFM-00019-00005760-00006013 the Futures and the currency Futures
+6psbFn_UUFM-00020-00006014-00006220 contracts but you're going to apply
+6psbFn_UUFM-00021-00006221-00006472 these exact same setups to any Market
+6psbFn_UUFM-00022-00006473-00006833 whether it be Futures Forex or stocks
+6psbFn_UUFM-00023-00006834-00007109 now as we do get underway I do need to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00024-00007109-00007267 get the disclaimer up and running
+6psbFn_UUFM-00025-00007268-00007589 Traders you can pause the video to read
+6psbFn_UUFM-00026-00007590-00007769 the disclaimer the bottom line is this
+6psbFn_UUFM-00027-00007770-00007973 do not trade with capital you can't
+6psbFn_UUFM-00028-00007973-00008207 afford to lose even more importantly
+6psbFn_UUFM-00029-00008208-00008692 start on the simulator Master for setups
+6psbFn_UUFM-00030-00008693-00008981 on the simulator then you can go live
+6psbFn_UUFM-00031-00008982-00009245 the markets will be here next week next
+6psbFn_UUFM-00032-00009246-00009533 month next year impatience is one of the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00033-00009534-00009869 greatest killers of Traders very very
+6psbFn_UUFM-00034-00009870-00010133 quick advertisement and it'll be over in
+6psbFn_UUFM-00035-00010134-00010385 a sec if you haven't already click on
+6psbFn_UUFM-00036-00010386-00010649 the link below for the video and you can
+6psbFn_UUFM-00037-00010650-00010942 download my ebook for truth about day
+6psbFn_UUFM-00038-00010943-00011087 trading I've got a whole lot of other
+6psbFn_UUFM-00039-00011088-00011392 goodies there that you can also download
+6psbFn_UUFM-00040-00011393-00011687 please make sure you subscribe to my
+6psbFn_UUFM-00041-00011688-00011896 channel that way you are click on the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00042-00011897-00012095 link below that way you'll be kept up to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00043-00012096-00012478 date with all of my latest videos and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00044-00012479-00012688 very quickly if you're a new or
+6psbFn_UUFM-00045-00012689-00013030 experienced Trader for 197 dollars you
+6psbFn_UUFM-00046-00013031-00013253 can get my entire program there's over
+6psbFn_UUFM-00047-00013254-00013483 200 hours of online video instruction
+6psbFn_UUFM-00048-00013484-00013769 but hang on for good parties you don't
+6psbFn_UUFM-00049-00013769-00013991 have to watch all of those there's a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00050-00013991-00014171 whole range of different strategies that
+6psbFn_UUFM-00051-00014172-00014422 I teach you there's now over 40 power
+6psbFn_UUFM-00052-00014423-00014621 points so there's nothing else like it
+6psbFn_UUFM-00053-00014622-00014903 in the market plus I give you all of my
+6psbFn_UUFM-00054-00014904-00015125 indicators so whether you're trading
+6psbFn_UUFM-00055-00015126-00015508 tradestation ninja 7 8 mt4 look I've got
+6psbFn_UUFM-00056-00015509-00015779 a whole stack of indicators there so you
+6psbFn_UUFM-00057-00015780-00015953 can get all of the indicators there
+6psbFn_UUFM-00058-00015954-00016211 they're included in the program and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00059-00016212-00016403 Traders make no mistake this is a ten
+6psbFn_UUFM-00060-00016404-00016672 thousand dollar plus program and as a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00061-00016673-00017099 bonus you can also attend eight of my
+6psbFn_UUFM-00062-00017100-00017507 live sessions that is each month I run
+6psbFn_UUFM-00063-00017508-00017771 eight live two-hour coaching sessions
+6psbFn_UUFM-00064-00017772-00017939 where I've got Traders hundreds of
+6psbFn_UUFM-00065-00017940-00018143 Traders small around the world log in
+6psbFn_UUFM-00066-00018144-00018335 and I train them live now if they can't
+6psbFn_UUFM-00067-00018336-00018563 attend the sessions because most of the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00068-00018564-00018857 sessions are 8 P.M to sorry six to eight
+6psbFn_UUFM-00069-00018858-00019097 pm Eastern Standard Time us time they
+6psbFn_UUFM-00070-00019098-00019289 are recorded So if you're unable to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00071-00019290-00019672 attend you can go back and review that I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00072-00019673-00019930 review those at any time later on and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00073-00019931-00020069 there's a whole lot of handouts you get
+6psbFn_UUFM-00074-00020070-00020261 in each session as well they're included
+6psbFn_UUFM-00075-00020262-00020591 so 197 dollars gets you my core program
+6psbFn_UUFM-00076-00020592-00021017 and eight coaching sessions so uh that's
+6psbFn_UUFM-00077-00021018-00021389 it let's get into this now so Traders
+6psbFn_UUFM-00078-00021390-00021593 are being day trading now for over 27
+6psbFn_UUFM-00079-00021594-00022019 years getting close to 28 years and over
+6psbFn_UUFM-00080-00022020-00022349 that period of time I've discovered a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00081-00022350-00022583 whole range of different types of setups
+6psbFn_UUFM-00082-00022584-00022780 now just to make them easy I code them
+6psbFn_UUFM-00083-00022781-00023086 for T1 is the super scope over T2 is the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00084-00023087-00023327 slingshot you get a mean reversion which
+6psbFn_UUFM-00085-00023328-00023561 is a counter Trend trade but don't very
+6psbFn_UUFM-00086-00023562-00023741 high probability so there's a whole
+6psbFn_UUFM-00087-00023742-00024058 range of strategies that I teach now
+6psbFn_UUFM-00088-00024059-00024377 you'll see me when I go to the charts in
+6psbFn_UUFM-00089-00024378-00024586 a moment you'll see I probably only use
+6psbFn_UUFM-00090-00024587-00024971 two or three of these in for live
+6psbFn_UUFM-00091-00024972-00025228 sessions and what is very important
+6psbFn_UUFM-00092-00025229-00025553 become a specialist I recommend that you
+6psbFn_UUFM-00093-00025554-00025762 focus on only one or two strategies
+6psbFn_UUFM-00094-00025763-00026008 until you're consistently profitable
+6psbFn_UUFM-00095-00026010-00026314 when it comes to day trading truly less
+6psbFn_UUFM-00096-00026316-00026705 is more now you may Wonder then why have
+6psbFn_UUFM-00097-00026706-00026993 so many well just like a Tradesman has
+6psbFn_UUFM-00098-00026994-00027214 different tools for different jobs so
+6psbFn_UUFM-00099-00027216-00027395 where you'll see me I think I take one
+6psbFn_UUFM-00100-00027395-00027664 or two counter Trend trades I love CT
+6psbFn_UUFM-00101-00027666-00027827 trading but I've been doing this a long
+6psbFn_UUFM-00102-00027827-00028120 time I recommend to all members or all
+6psbFn_UUFM-00103-00028122-00028433 new Traders do not counter Trend trade
+6psbFn_UUFM-00104-00028433-00028751 early in your career so basically
+6psbFn_UUFM-00105-00028752-00029008 there's a setup for just about every
+6psbFn_UUFM-00106-00029010-00029290 different type of Market condition and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00107-00029291-00029555 what's also important is that we we will
+6psbFn_UUFM-00108-00029556-00029783 be looking at the renko charts today but
+6psbFn_UUFM-00109-00029783-00029987 you can apply the exact same strategies
+6psbFn_UUFM-00110-00029988-00030340 to tick to time based to volume it
+6psbFn_UUFM-00111-00030341-00030796 really does not matter now we are going
+6psbFn_UUFM-00112-00030797-00031168 to be looking at the micro NQ and the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00113-00031169-00031440 reason is that in my live trading rooms
+6psbFn_UUFM-00114-00031441-00031720 where these sessions or trades were
+6psbFn_UUFM-00115-00031722-00032129 taken during or just before most of my
+6psbFn_UUFM-00116-00032130-00032387 members start out by trading the micros
+6psbFn_UUFM-00117-00032388-00032693 that's what I recommend they trade why
+6psbFn_UUFM-00118-00032694-00032945 well you only need an account of around
+6psbFn_UUFM-00119-00032946-00033251 a thousand dollars and Now's the Time to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00120-00033252-00033455 make all the mistakes you're possibly
+6psbFn_UUFM-00121-00033456-00033712 going to make on a one thousand dollar
+6psbFn_UUFM-00122-00033713-00033899 account you start from there and build
+6psbFn_UUFM-00123-00033900-00034151 so even if you've got 100 000 start with
+6psbFn_UUFM-00124-00034152-00034451 a thousand start with the micro cut your
+6psbFn_UUFM-00125-00034452-00034679 teeth on those and you can go from there
+6psbFn_UUFM-00126-00034680-00034931 now even with just a thousand dollars so
+6psbFn_UUFM-00127-00034932-00035112 say if you don't have a lot of cash
+6psbFn_UUFM-00128-00035113-00035321 perhaps it's very hard for you to see
+6psbFn_UUFM-00129-00035322-00035471 there but just to quickly show you this
+6psbFn_UUFM-00130-00035472-00035777 so wrong one if I just go to compound
+6psbFn_UUFM-00131-00035778-00035987 sheet this one here
+6psbFn_UUFM-00132-00035988-00036268 so if you've got say one thousand
+6psbFn_UUFM-00133-00036269-00036449 dollars in your account
+6psbFn_UUFM-00134-00036450-00036773 and if you go for let's just say thirty
+6psbFn_UUFM-00135-00036774-00037024 dollars a day yeah and by the way as a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00136-00037025-00037193 member you get all of these different
+6psbFn_UUFM-00137-00037194-00037415 types of spreadsheets that I've got but
+6psbFn_UUFM-00138-00037416-00037687 on thirty dollars a day it will take you
+6psbFn_UUFM-00139-00037688-00037907 33 weeks
+6psbFn_UUFM-00140-00037908-00038105 to get to an income of around ten
+6psbFn_UUFM-00141-00038106-00038321 thousand a week that's right you can
+6psbFn_UUFM-00142-00038322-00038621 start off one thousand dollars go for
+6psbFn_UUFM-00143-00038622-00038939 just 30 a day and you're there within 33
+6psbFn_UUFM-00144-00038940-00039221 weeks and how this table works is that
+6psbFn_UUFM-00145-00039222-00039455 you do not start trading a second
+6psbFn_UUFM-00146-00039456-00039671 contract until you double your money
+6psbFn_UUFM-00147-00039672-00039929 what you might decide to do after 10 or
+6psbFn_UUFM-00148-00039930-00040259 15 weeks okay I've I've really done my
+6psbFn_UUFM-00149-00040260-00040487 internship on the micro I have other
+6psbFn_UUFM-00150-00040488-00040715 Capital I'll fast track this so you can
+6psbFn_UUFM-00151-00040716-00040996 do that of course but if you're low on
+6psbFn_UUFM-00152-00040997-00041255 funds and on and I respect of course
+6psbFn_UUFM-00153-00041256-00041465 that times are tough for a lot of
+6psbFn_UUFM-00154-00041466-00041668 families okay you can start with a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00155-00041669-00041812 thousand and look where you've got the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00156-00041813-00041980 potential of being
+6psbFn_UUFM-00157-00041981-00042280 now let me say this so over here where
+6psbFn_UUFM-00158-00042281-00042496 it says here ten thousand a week you're
+6psbFn_UUFM-00159-00042497-00042773 trading 73 micro contracts well actually
+6psbFn_UUFM-00160-00042774-00043096 that's not what you would be doing as
+6psbFn_UUFM-00161-00043097-00043265 soon as you build your accounts up to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00162-00043266-00043493 around ten thousand dollars you would
+6psbFn_UUFM-00163-00043494-00043774 start trading a big contract okay so
+6psbFn_UUFM-00164-00043775-00044021 that way yeah the con the commissions
+6psbFn_UUFM-00165-00044022-00044417 are a lot lower on the uh on the big
+6psbFn_UUFM-00166-00044418-00044596 contract and what they are on the micro
+6psbFn_UUFM-00167-00044597-00045130 so the micro is 10 of the value so then
+6psbFn_UUFM-00168-00045131-00045365 you'd be trading and allowing ten
+6psbFn_UUFM-00169-00045366-00045580 thousand dollars per contract you're
+6psbFn_UUFM-00170-00045581-00045965 trading now you may say well hang on Ray
+6psbFn_UUFM-00171-00045966-00046246 my broker tells me when I'm trading
+6psbFn_UUFM-00172-00046247-00046480 intraday I only need five hundred
+6psbFn_UUFM-00173-00046481-00046757 dollars that is correct but we've got a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00174-00046758-00046937 number of rules we work to we never risk
+6psbFn_UUFM-00175-00046938-00047212 any more than two percent of our capital
+6psbFn_UUFM-00176-00047213-00047429 and there's a number of other rules we
+6psbFn_UUFM-00177-00047430-00047830 apply so remember Traders this this is
+6psbFn_UUFM-00178-00047831-00048107 about staying in the business long term
+6psbFn_UUFM-00179-00048108-00048467 I could give you all sorts of ultra
+6psbFn_UUFM-00180-00048468-00048730 beautiful figures here but they just
+6psbFn_UUFM-00181-00048731-00049030 wouldn't be real now what I'm going to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00182-00049031-00049187 show you here is
+6psbFn_UUFM-00183-00049188-00049327 that
+6psbFn_UUFM-00184-00049328-00049655 realistically if you're putting in two
+6psbFn_UUFM-00185-00049656-00049871 to three hour sessions and on average
+6psbFn_UUFM-00186-00049872-00050111 say at least two hours
+6psbFn_UUFM-00187-00050112-00050333 in my opinion you should be netting at
+6psbFn_UUFM-00188-00050334-00050573 least after commissions fifty dollars a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00189-00050574-00050861 day okay and so you're at the ten
+6psbFn_UUFM-00190-00050862-00051065 thousand dollar a week Mark potentially
+6psbFn_UUFM-00191-00051066-00051520 in 18 weeks that is the true potential
+6psbFn_UUFM-00192-00051521-00051785 there's nothing else like it out there
+6psbFn_UUFM-00193-00051786-00052049 but the rules are we never risk any more
+6psbFn_UUFM-00194-00052050-00052337 than two percent of our account accounts
+6psbFn_UUFM-00195-00052338-00052787 on any one trade uh we also start out by
+6psbFn_UUFM-00196-00052788-00053026 trading One Market only and we do not
+6psbFn_UUFM-00197-00053027-00053326 counter Trend trade initially
+6psbFn_UUFM-00198-00053327-00053669 so what this means is here I'm up to 10
+6psbFn_UUFM-00199-00053670-00053926 000 a week in 18 weeks how do I get
+6psbFn_UUFM-00200-00053927-00054341 there all I need is three to four five
+6psbFn_UUFM-00201-00054341-00054592 step trades a day and I'll show you that
+6psbFn_UUFM-00202-00054594-00054911 in a moment that'll easily net you your
+6psbFn_UUFM-00203-00054912-00055187 fifty dollars now the examples and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00204-00055188-00055366 you've probably seen many of my videos
+6psbFn_UUFM-00205-00055367-00055619 where I've got I do this basically every
+6psbFn_UUFM-00206-00055620-00056069 day but uh here I've got 25 trades now
+6psbFn_UUFM-00207-00056070-00056471 in fact it shows 25 but that's I was
+6psbFn_UUFM-00208-00056472-00056771 trading two contracts in front of the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00209-00056772-00057082 members on 12 of those trades so in fact
+6psbFn_UUFM-00210-00057083-00057335 it that's what makes it look so big so
+6psbFn_UUFM-00211-00057336-00057857 it's actually 13 trades for 100 win rate
+6psbFn_UUFM-00212-00057858-00058079 now a couple of those trades which I'll
+6psbFn_UUFM-00213-00058079-00058279 show you in a moment are what we call
+6psbFn_UUFM-00214-00058279-00058576 probing trades and that is where if
+6psbFn_UUFM-00215-00058577-00058732 we're not really sure if the Market's
+6psbFn_UUFM-00216-00058733-00059080 moving we jump in if it stalls we can
+6psbFn_UUFM-00217-00059082-00059254 always get back out but I'll show you
+6psbFn_UUFM-00218-00059255-00059441 that in a moment moment now the bottom
+6psbFn_UUFM-00219-00059441-00059615 line was this
+6psbFn_UUFM-00220-00059616-00059957 that I easily achieve sixty seventy
+6psbFn_UUFM-00221-00059958-00060215 dollars per contract in less than two
+6psbFn_UUFM-00222-00060216-00060665 hours each time that is realistic and by
+6psbFn_UUFM-00223-00060666-00060988 the way you go oh only fifty to seventy
+6psbFn_UUFM-00224-00060989-00061253 eighty dollars that's seven to eight
+6psbFn_UUFM-00225-00061254-00061637 hundred dollars on the big contract so
+6psbFn_UUFM-00226-00061638-00061925 as I you know as I say to members get
+6psbFn_UUFM-00227-00061926-00062092 rich slowly
+6psbFn_UUFM-00228-00062094-00062279 let me teach you how to trade on the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00229-00062279-00062573 micros once you've mastered it on the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00230-00062574-00062830 micros then you go to the big contract
+6psbFn_UUFM-00231-00062832-00062963 so
+6psbFn_UUFM-00232-00062964-00063175 let's go to the charts and I'll explain
+6psbFn_UUFM-00233-00063176-00063563 these setups for you now whoops come on
+6psbFn_UUFM-00234-00063564-00063749 where are you wonder why you will stop
+6psbFn_UUFM-00235-00063750-00063988 so it's very very important you
+6psbFn_UUFM-00236-00063989-00064241 understand where your pivots are or know
+6psbFn_UUFM-00237-00064241-00064535 where your pivots are so this is a 2bd
+6psbFn_UUFM-00238-00064536-00064925 so I'm going to short this one now 2bd I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00239-00064926-00065087 won't go into all the individual rules
+6psbFn_UUFM-00240-00065088-00065435 is a lower probability trade it's a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00241-00065436-00065705 trade we take after a two after a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00242-00065706-00065993 Divergent straight so what I will
+6psbFn_UUFM-00243-00065994-00066281 usually do is if I see the price
+6psbFn_UUFM-00244-00066282-00066563 stalling so I short it here
+6psbFn_UUFM-00245-00066564-00066826 uh and it's what I call probing if I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00246-00066827-00067144 feel it stalls and in fact it did stall
+6psbFn_UUFM-00247-00067145-00067385 at that stage I will get out of the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00248-00067386-00067535 trade and wait
+6psbFn_UUFM-00249-00067536-00067756 and I can get back in now in this
+6psbFn_UUFM-00250-00067757-00068026 particular case I call it probing it
+6psbFn_UUFM-00251-00068027-00068219 almost sounds a horrible word to a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00252-00068220-00068506 horrible um what will we call it anyway
+6psbFn_UUFM-00253-00068507-00068693 it doesn't sound very nice but I'm
+6psbFn_UUFM-00254-00068694-00069065 probing the market here and I want to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00255-00069066-00069311 see whether it's moving now if I feel
+6psbFn_UUFM-00256-00069312-00069532 and there was a red a green candle that
+6psbFn_UUFM-00257-00069533-00069815 if I feel it's going to go against me or
+6psbFn_UUFM-00258-00069816-00070061 it's still I'll get out I actually got a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00259-00070062-00070241 vac covering commissions plus a couple
+6psbFn_UUFM-00260-00070242-00070553 of ticks profit okay that was my second
+6psbFn_UUFM-00261-00070554-00070829 trade never third trade Then I then got
+6psbFn_UUFM-00262-00070830-00071375 back in and I sold down into the day's
+6psbFn_UUFM-00263-00071376-00071753 prior low and I got out just there
+6psbFn_UUFM-00264-00071754-00071993 now you can see it went on a little
+6psbFn_UUFM-00265-00071994-00072394 further after that okay but um it not
+6psbFn_UUFM-00266-00072395-00072694 too far at all and so we see these and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00267-00072695-00072899 we'll actually call these what um we
+6psbFn_UUFM-00268-00072900-00073156 call them pivot bouncers we'll quite
+6psbFn_UUFM-00269-00073157-00073325 often bounce off these and it's
+6psbFn_UUFM-00270-00073326-00073726 fantastic if you have Divergence with
+6psbFn_UUFM-00271-00073727-00073871 them as well
+6psbFn_UUFM-00272-00073872-00074182 okay so now I'm pulling back now as we
+6psbFn_UUFM-00273-00074183-00074567 pull back I'm usually expecting a bounce
+6psbFn_UUFM-00274-00074568-00074975 up here this is a 200 EMA I'm usually
+6psbFn_UUFM-00275-00074976-00075238 expecting a bounce up there and up we
+6psbFn_UUFM-00276-00075239-00075623 come in fact that sets up what we call a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00277-00075624-00075791 T12
+6psbFn_UUFM-00278-00075792-00076109 now we then set up a nice little double
+6psbFn_UUFM-00279-00076110-00076343 top there and I want you to notice the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00280-00076344-00076744 Divergence just there okay we had
+6psbFn_UUFM-00281-00076745-00077171 Divergence now I then here we go I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00282-00077172-00077494 entered this trade here and this is what
+6psbFn_UUFM-00283-00077495-00077794 we call a kitchen trade or a money on
+6psbFn_UUFM-00284-00077795-00078173 the floor trade we've got a lower high
+6psbFn_UUFM-00285-00078174-00078491 and here in this case I usually uh and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00286-00078492-00078676 on this one here's another example where
+6psbFn_UUFM-00287-00078677-00078893 I probed the market got out with only a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00288-00078894-00079132 few ticks it was still a winner but I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00289-00079133-00079421 got out and it was also what we call a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00290-00079422-00079750 T20 Trend continuation
+6psbFn_UUFM-00291-00079751-00080062 see down here see that Arrow there
+6psbFn_UUFM-00292-00080063-00080326 see that Arrow there see that one there
+6psbFn_UUFM-00293-00080327-00080605 like that one we had back up there
+6psbFn_UUFM-00294-00080606-00080903 t20s will identify
+6psbFn_UUFM-00295-00080904-00081094 um it doesn't matter what trading
+6psbFn_UUFM-00296-00081095-00081388 platform you've got you can if you don't
+6psbFn_UUFM-00297-00081389-00081623 have ninjatrader and I've got it's got
+6psbFn_UUFM-00298-00081624-00081881 the indicator set up for tradestation as
+6psbFn_UUFM-00299-00081882-00082241 well it's a very mechanical easy to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00300-00082242-00082415 learn Rule and that's another thing here
+6psbFn_UUFM-00301-00082416-00082756 every one of these trades on token I'm
+6psbFn_UUFM-00302-00082757-00083182 taking is based upon rule a set of rules
+6psbFn_UUFM-00303-00083183-00083555 okay so the rules-based strategies which
+6psbFn_UUFM-00304-00083556-00083800 is very important so I shorted here and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00305-00083801-00083999 I got out and you may wonder why I got
+6psbFn_UUFM-00306-00084000-00084209 out there there it is there I had a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00307-00084210-00084509 reversal candle I'm what I call a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00308-00084510-00084887 momentum Trader I want to see the market
+6psbFn_UUFM-00309-00084888-00085199 moving and when we pull back like this
+6psbFn_UUFM-00310-00085200-00085576 see these EMAs here see how flat they
+6psbFn_UUFM-00311-00085577-00085673 are
+6psbFn_UUFM-00312-00085674-00085943 well that's where we can also be leading
+6psbFn_UUFM-00313-00085944-00086273 to a pullback or even a change in Market
+6psbFn_UUFM-00314-00086274-00086405 Direction
+6psbFn_UUFM-00315-00086406-00086699 I did have a T20 here which will quite
+6psbFn_UUFM-00316-00086700-00086938 often see a nice little pullback in t20s
+6psbFn_UUFM-00317-00086939-00087275 by the way you can trade as a standalone
+6psbFn_UUFM-00318-00087276-00087509 setup and I'll Point some out as we go
+6psbFn_UUFM-00319-00087510-00087773 you can trade them Standalone it's a 100
+6psbFn_UUFM-00320-00087774-00088115 percent mechanical setup so you had one
+6psbFn_UUFM-00321-00088116-00088288 there you had one there you had one
+6psbFn_UUFM-00322-00088289-00088673 there we've got one here and I got back
+6psbFn_UUFM-00323-00088674-00089003 in there is what we call a t20-1 and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00324-00089004-00089243 thank you very much and that was trade
+6psbFn_UUFM-00325-00089244-00089638 number five note here we come down we
+6psbFn_UUFM-00326-00089639-00090023 had a pivot bounce once again
+6psbFn_UUFM-00327-00090024-00090347 now whenever we've got a deep pull back
+6psbFn_UUFM-00328-00090348-00090593 like this I'm expecting and there it is
+6psbFn_UUFM-00329-00090594-00090817 right there a T20
+6psbFn_UUFM-00330-00090818-00091144 once again now I want you to look at our
+6psbFn_UUFM-00331-00091145-00091649 EMAs we are in a downtrend now little
+6psbFn_UUFM-00332-00091650-00091865 confusing here right now because
+6psbFn_UUFM-00333-00091866-00092188 generally the footprints to a trend are
+6psbFn_UUFM-00334-00092189-00092525 lower highs and lower lows for a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00335-00092526-00092921 downtrend or higher highs and higher
+6psbFn_UUFM-00336-00092922-00093250 lows for an uptrend here I'm sort of
+6psbFn_UUFM-00337-00093251-00093617 chopping around a little bit but I'm
+6psbFn_UUFM-00338-00093618-00093953 still trending down so I'm going to look
+6psbFn_UUFM-00339-00093954-00094337 for another short opportunity
+6psbFn_UUFM-00340-00094338-00094618 okay now it's still not quite sure and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00341-00094619-00094912 just a simple rule I'll give you see
+6psbFn_UUFM-00342-00094913-00095273 this blue here that's called the cloud
+6psbFn_UUFM-00343-00095274-00095561 um it's very easy to set up and once
+6psbFn_UUFM-00344-00095562-00095650 again
+6psbFn_UUFM-00345-00095651-00095867 if your trading platform doesn't allow
+6psbFn_UUFM-00346-00095868-00096112 you to put a cloud in it's just based
+6psbFn_UUFM-00347-00096113-00096329 upon what's happening with the EMA it's
+6psbFn_UUFM-00348-00096330-00096635 very simple rule but we want to be
+6psbFn_UUFM-00349-00096636-00096785 cautious
+6psbFn_UUFM-00350-00096786-00096976 for short trades when you've got a blue
+6psbFn_UUFM-00351-00096977-00097385 cloud when I've got an orange cloud
+6psbFn_UUFM-00352-00097386-00097553 I didn't want to make it red because of
+6psbFn_UUFM-00353-00097554-00097918 a red candles uh that's a go or it can
+6psbFn_UUFM-00354-00097919-00098212 really increase your probabilities now
+6psbFn_UUFM-00355-00098213-00098531 we can still trade these but when you've
+6psbFn_UUFM-00356-00098532-00098861 got a very deep pullback to take one of
+6psbFn_UUFM-00357-00098862-00099037 these you want to make sure you've got
+6psbFn_UUFM-00358-00099038-00099299 Divergence so I don't have anything yet
+6psbFn_UUFM-00359-00099300-00099443 so I'm still sending back and look at
+6psbFn_UUFM-00360-00099444-00099731 this by the way see that there that is
+6psbFn_UUFM-00361-00099732-00099965 what we call Divergence slightly higher
+6psbFn_UUFM-00362-00099966-00100426 high and a lower high on my Mac t now
+6psbFn_UUFM-00363-00100427-00100661 that's called Divergent so we'll just
+6psbFn_UUFM-00364-00100662-00100849 stay with this for a minute
+6psbFn_UUFM-00365-00100850-00101321 okay all right now here is a T20 again
+6psbFn_UUFM-00366-00101322-00101615 in fact we call this a T20 Trend
+6psbFn_UUFM-00367-00101616-00101873 continuation so over here
+6psbFn_UUFM-00368-00101874-00102203 um that's a T20 Trend continuation this
+6psbFn_UUFM-00369-00102204-00102551 is a trend continuation this is a trend
+6psbFn_UUFM-00370-00102552-00102797 continuation well why is that well
+6psbFn_UUFM-00371-00102798-00103192 because we're still in a downtrend
+6psbFn_UUFM-00372-00103193-00103313 so
+6psbFn_UUFM-00373-00103314-00103577 I'm going to be looking for a trade
+6psbFn_UUFM-00374-00103578-00103804 so as we come down
+6psbFn_UUFM-00375-00103805-00104171 so now I'm getting interested and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00376-00104172-00104386 actually just here I think yes I do and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00377-00104388-00104789 just there I take a short now I assorted
+6psbFn_UUFM-00378-00104790-00105028 that not directly on the T20 I wanted to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00379-00105029-00105281 see my cloud set up I wanted to start to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00380-00105282-00105736 see I call that a thanning of the EMAs
+6psbFn_UUFM-00381-00105738-00106025 now in taking that trade as with any
+6psbFn_UUFM-00382-00106026-00106210 trade here here's what we want to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00383-00106211-00106481 consider where's my entry
+6psbFn_UUFM-00384-00106482-00106858 where's my stop go and where's my target
+6psbFn_UUFM-00385-00106859-00107093 so here I entered on this one my stop
+6psbFn_UUFM-00386-00107094-00107321 would have been above
+6psbFn_UUFM-00387-00107322-00107554 um this little swing high and look down
+6psbFn_UUFM-00388-00107555-00107669 below us
+6psbFn_UUFM-00389-00107670-00107890 we've got down here the hot pink that is
+6psbFn_UUFM-00390-00107891-00108202 the prior low of the day so that's a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00391-00108203-00108533 great Target however
+6psbFn_UUFM-00392-00108533-00108802 I call these steps see these little step
+6psbFn_UUFM-00393-00108803-00109145 Downs I call them steps and usually I'm
+6psbFn_UUFM-00394-00109146-00109408 after five steps on my first lot of
+6psbFn_UUFM-00395-00109409-00109702 contracts why because we hit at such a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00396-00109703-00109852 really ninety percent of the time you're
+6psbFn_UUFM-00397-00109853-00110116 going to hit five steps and the rest
+6psbFn_UUFM-00398-00110117-00110399 will go for seven but where I may move
+6psbFn_UUFM-00399-00110400-00110843 my target is when I've got a pivot below
+6psbFn_UUFM-00400-00110844-00111143 that is I might make it larger why
+6psbFn_UUFM-00401-00111144-00111395 because they become a self-fulfilling
+6psbFn_UUFM-00402-00111396-00111640 prophecy so let's just if this is trade
+6psbFn_UUFM-00403-00111641-00111934 number six uh
+6psbFn_UUFM-00404-00111935-00112204 and I actually got out of both contracts
+6psbFn_UUFM-00405-00112205-00112523 there and that is I hit five steps one
+6psbFn_UUFM-00406-00112524-00112877 two three four five just there
+6psbFn_UUFM-00407-00112878-00113333 and I went to break even on the others
+6psbFn_UUFM-00408-00113333-00113669 and did I get out yes I got out of those
+6psbFn_UUFM-00409-00113670-00113986 as well so I'm totally flat just there
+6psbFn_UUFM-00410-00113988-00114299 so now we've made a new lower low that's
+6psbFn_UUFM-00411-00114300-00114604 fantastic new lower low do you know what
+6psbFn_UUFM-00412-00114605-00114778 I'm looking for I'm looking for another
+6psbFn_UUFM-00413-00114779-00115181 short trade so as I pull back
+6psbFn_UUFM-00414-00115182-00115445 okay so there's my T20 again you can see
+6psbFn_UUFM-00415-00115446-00115636 there you could have made money just
+6psbFn_UUFM-00416-00115638-00116057 trading the t20s there there there there
+6psbFn_UUFM-00417-00116058-00116207 there
+6psbFn_UUFM-00418-00116208-00116327 okay
+6psbFn_UUFM-00419-00116328-00116597 so we're coming back we have um one just
+6psbFn_UUFM-00420-00116598-00116890 there did I take that
+6psbFn_UUFM-00421-00116891-00117089 uh ah and I'll tell you why I didn't
+6psbFn_UUFM-00422-00117090-00117383 take that that was the start of our live
+6psbFn_UUFM-00423-00117383-00117683 trading room just there that's at uh
+6psbFn_UUFM-00424-00117683-00118115 um 5 00 am Central Standard Time or let
+6psbFn_UUFM-00425-00118116-00118402 me think did I start at four that day I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00426-00118403-00118583 can't remember it doesn't really matter
+6psbFn_UUFM-00427-00118583-00118775 but obviously I didn't take that one but
+6psbFn_UUFM-00428-00118776-00118960 there was one just there now pulling
+6psbFn_UUFM-00429-00118961-00119333 back again here is by the way a T20 uh
+6psbFn_UUFM-00430-00119333-00119593 down into the pivot we bounced
+6psbFn_UUFM-00431-00119594-00119999 and here I've taken this one R okay so
+6psbFn_UUFM-00432-00120000-00120160 I've taken this one because I've got a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00433-00120161-00120460 lower high on that trade so see that
+6psbFn_UUFM-00434-00120461-00120701 there I've now got a lower high
+6psbFn_UUFM-00435-00120702-00120934 so we're falling so it gives me a really
+6psbFn_UUFM-00436-00120935-00121133 good indication there that I'm probably
+6psbFn_UUFM-00437-00121133-00121493 going to come down to at least that
+6psbFn_UUFM-00438-00121494-00121666 pivot again
+6psbFn_UUFM-00439-00121667-00121936 okay and I'm out there another winning
+6psbFn_UUFM-00440-00121938-00122278 trade now what I want to show you thus
+6psbFn_UUFM-00441-00122279-00122560 far I've only taken one counter Trend
+6psbFn_UUFM-00442-00122561-00122760 trade now there's been a number of
+6psbFn_UUFM-00443-00122761-00123023 others along the way for an example you
+6psbFn_UUFM-00444-00123024-00123251 could have taken that one in fact we
+6psbFn_UUFM-00445-00123252-00123539 call that one up here a bet the farm
+6psbFn_UUFM-00446-00123540-00123886 a bit the farm is where we have a double
+6psbFn_UUFM-00447-00123888-00124199 topple major Divergence in the direction
+6psbFn_UUFM-00448-00124200-00124465 of the trend that's pretty much
+6psbFn_UUFM-00449-00124466-00124690 tongue-in-cheek when we say bet the farm
+6psbFn_UUFM-00450-00124691-00125021 but um uh we still follow our exact same
+6psbFn_UUFM-00451-00125022-00125236 money management rules but it's a higher
+6psbFn_UUFM-00452-00125238-00125507 probability trade let me pause this and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00453-00125508-00125795 let me go and find the other live room
+6psbFn_UUFM-00454-00125796-00126010 trading session which is the same day
+6psbFn_UUFM-00455-00126011-00126323 just some hours later just a moment
+6psbFn_UUFM-00456-00126324-00126743 okay so same day that was uh was at 4am
+6psbFn_UUFM-00457-00126744-00126965 in the morning which is what which is
+6psbFn_UUFM-00458-00126966-00127193 actually what we call the London open
+6psbFn_UUFM-00459-00127194-00127513 Traders then we uh
+6psbFn_UUFM-00460-00127514-00127895 have the uh the New York close so this
+6psbFn_UUFM-00461-00127896-00128093 is we call it in my live trading ring
+6psbFn_UUFM-00462-00128094-00128381 this is the New York close
+6psbFn_UUFM-00463-00128382-00128752 so this is uh 12 30 Central Standard
+6psbFn_UUFM-00464-00128753-00128999 Time and we had a 2B and you can notice
+6psbFn_UUFM-00465-00129000-00129190 here that the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00466-00129191-00129364 um uh the T20 we're just chopping
+6psbFn_UUFM-00467-00129365-00129502 backwards and forwards so when you hit
+6psbFn_UUFM-00468-00129503-00129749 consolidation that's sort of a bit of a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00469-00129750-00130033 danger zone so I took a trade here
+6psbFn_UUFM-00470-00130033-00130295 and we looked like we were going to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00471-00130296-00130451 stall and one thing I just thought of
+6psbFn_UUFM-00472-00130452-00130769 too the time frame this is a 12 tick
+6psbFn_UUFM-00473-00130770-00131171 Rinko and generally speaking during the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00474-00131172-00131501 New York hours I'll trade a 16 tick
+6psbFn_UUFM-00475-00131502-00131873 renko why because the market moves a lot
+6psbFn_UUFM-00476-00131874-00132166 quicker a lot faster on this particular
+6psbFn_UUFM-00477-00132167-00132475 day which is the third of uh
+6psbFn_UUFM-00478-00132476-00132964 November 2022 it was quite slow that
+6psbFn_UUFM-00479-00132965-00133277 afternoon so the advantage of having a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00480-00133278-00133552 lower time frame smaller time frame is
+6psbFn_UUFM-00481-00133553-00133907 my stop loss is smaller that is if I was
+6psbFn_UUFM-00482-00133908-00134123 to say so if I was to enter this trade
+6psbFn_UUFM-00483-00134124-00134464 here on the NQ I want to see my stop
+6psbFn_UUFM-00484-00134465-00134795 loss two ticks above a swing high so if
+6psbFn_UUFM-00485-00134796-00135059 I got in down here my stop would be two
+6psbFn_UUFM-00486-00135060-00135437 ticks above up here two ticks above if I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00487-00135438-00135737 was going long here two ticks below two
+6psbFn_UUFM-00488-00135738-00135983 ticks below and by the way the white
+6psbFn_UUFM-00489-00135984-00136439 paint is called my super scalper So I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00490-00136440-00136739 entered this trade and I got in up here
+6psbFn_UUFM-00491-00136740-00137063 and I got out fairly quickly and why
+6psbFn_UUFM-00492-00137064-00137249 it's hopefully to see that oh no it's
+6psbFn_UUFM-00493-00137250-00137416 not hard you can see it there ain't that
+6psbFn_UUFM-00494-00137417-00137861 that is A2B very early and it then uh
+6psbFn_UUFM-00495-00137862-00138143 reversed okay well it started to so I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00496-00138144-00138377 got out picked up a couple of ticks out
+6psbFn_UUFM-00497-00138378-00138551 of it that's why it still is a winning
+6psbFn_UUFM-00498-00138552-00138790 trade picked up covered commissions and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00499-00138791-00139013 a couple of dollars out of it that was
+6psbFn_UUFM-00500-00139014-00139169 trade number eight then trade number
+6psbFn_UUFM-00501-00139170-00139540 nine I jumped back in again and down I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00502-00139541-00139816 went now did I take that trade sorry
+6psbFn_UUFM-00503-00139817-00140081 that's a 1D no I didn't take that one
+6psbFn_UUFM-00504-00140082-00140357 okay so that's the counter trim one by
+6psbFn_UUFM-00505-00140358-00140807 the way now I then had a 2bd up here 2bd
+6psbFn_UUFM-00506-00140808-00141040 is a trade that sets up after we have
+6psbFn_UUFM-00507-00141041-00141454 Divergence so here I've taken this as a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00508-00141455-00141778 short this is trade number 10 down we go
+6psbFn_UUFM-00509-00141779-00142054 thank you very much and now I've got a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00510-00142055-00142366 2d now I just quickly explained that
+6psbFn_UUFM-00511-00142367-00142685 I trade with an anchor chart one and an
+6psbFn_UUFM-00512-00142686-00142835 anchor chart two this is what we're
+6psbFn_UUFM-00513-00142836-00143116 looking at here is what we call my entry
+6psbFn_UUFM-00514-00143117-00143219 chart
+6psbFn_UUFM-00515-00143220-00143578 and what I'm doing is trading in the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00516-00143579-00143819 direction of higher time frames it
+6psbFn_UUFM-00517-00143820-00144001 increases your probabilities
+6psbFn_UUFM-00518-00144002-00144287 dramatically that's why I have such a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00519-00144288-00144551 high win rate it's following I'm looking
+6psbFn_UUFM-00520-00144552-00144952 for a pullback and a continuation back
+6psbFn_UUFM-00521-00144953-00145247 in the direction of the higher time
+6psbFn_UUFM-00522-00145248-00145349 frame
+6psbFn_UUFM-00523-00145350-00145595 so that was a nice little if we had
+6psbFn_UUFM-00524-00145596-00145901 taken that Divergence trade and in my
+6psbFn_UUFM-00525-00145902-00146081 live trading rooms by the way members
+6psbFn_UUFM-00526-00146082-00146261 watching us know this I don't take
+6psbFn_UUFM-00527-00146262-00146495 Divergence trades in the room and the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00528-00146496-00146819 reason I don't it encourages members to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00529-00146820-00147107 trade Divergence but Divergence is
+6psbFn_UUFM-00530-00147108-00147383 always great to look back on and say I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00531-00147384-00147587 should have entered there but what can
+6psbFn_UUFM-00532-00147588-00147802 actually happen is you can become
+6psbFn_UUFM-00533-00147803-00148054 focused looking for market reversals and
+6psbFn_UUFM-00534-00148055-00148463 then miss out on the trend trades so I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00535-00148464-00148816 recommend all new Traders and even if
+6psbFn_UUFM-00536-00148817-00149171 you're not sown you stick with trading
+6psbFn_UUFM-00537-00149172-00149440 with the trend and maybe never trade
+6psbFn_UUFM-00538-00149441-00149609 Divergence but you still need to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00539-00149610-00149825 understand Divergence
+6psbFn_UUFM-00540-00149826-00150119 so as we're coming back here there was
+6psbFn_UUFM-00541-00150120-00150316 um I did take that Divergence trade
+6psbFn_UUFM-00542-00150317-00150689 actually so I jumped in on this one what
+6psbFn_UUFM-00543-00150690-00150899 time was that ah that was 15 minutes to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00544-00150900-00151066 be thought before the room opened it
+6psbFn_UUFM-00545-00151067-00151301 opens up at one so I jumped in I took
+6psbFn_UUFM-00546-00151302-00151564 this as a CT trade but note where I got
+6psbFn_UUFM-00547-00151565-00151954 out you may remember on the last trade I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00548-00151955-00152237 got out at the cyan line as well as I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00549-00152238-00152543 did here why because we quite often as
+6psbFn_UUFM-00550-00152544-00152747 you can see there didn't quite make it
+6psbFn_UUFM-00551-00152748-00153107 we bounced we bounced we bounced off it
+6psbFn_UUFM-00552-00153108-00153443 all the time so if I take a CT trade can
+6psbFn_UUFM-00553-00153444-00153731 a trend trade I want to get out just
+6psbFn_UUFM-00554-00153732-00154019 there so this is probably a trade I took
+6psbFn_UUFM-00555-00154020-00154199 just here was it
+6psbFn_UUFM-00556-00154200-00154426 um oops let me just do this scroll down
+6psbFn_UUFM-00557-00154427-00154601 here
+6psbFn_UUFM-00558-00154602-00154864 yes that was a nice little trade I took
+6psbFn_UUFM-00559-00154865-00155159 just there thank you very much down we
+6psbFn_UUFM-00560-00155160-00155501 come okay looking for another short now
+6psbFn_UUFM-00561-00155502-00155783 look at this we are making lower highs
+6psbFn_UUFM-00562-00155784-00156202 and lower lows here
+6psbFn_UUFM-00563-00156203-00156383 so let me just quickly scroll and that's
+6psbFn_UUFM-00564-00156384-00156659 12 I think we only had 13 trades in this
+6psbFn_UUFM-00565-00156660-00156983 sequence now so I've had 12 out of 12.
+6psbFn_UUFM-00566-00156984-00157175 we've got one more trade we'll see in a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00567-00157176-00157366 moment and so I'm explaining trade
+6psbFn_UUFM-00568-00157367-00157607 setups as I'm teaching members how to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00569-00157608-00157852 trade at this stage so I'm training
+6psbFn_UUFM-00570-00157853-00158111 members and marking these up as I see
+6psbFn_UUFM-00571-00158112-00158428 them and here is a 2B so this will be
+6psbFn_UUFM-00572-00158429-00158885 trade 13 thank you very much and down we
+6psbFn_UUFM-00573-00158886-00159257 come so it was 13 out of 13.
+6psbFn_UUFM-00574-00159258-00159478 still I'm still training here and just
+6psbFn_UUFM-00575-00159479-00159754 pointing out for different setups as
+6psbFn_UUFM-00576-00159755-00160078 they set up real time now Traders that's
+6psbFn_UUFM-00577-00160079-00160397 13 out of 13. Traders
+6psbFn_UUFM-00578-00160398-00160739 let me say this you are only as good as
+6psbFn_UUFM-00579-00160740-00161266 your last trade so this is not boasting
+6psbFn_UUFM-00580-00161267-00161590 here what I'm showing you here is the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00581-00161591-00161983 power of when you trade using mechanical
+6psbFn_UUFM-00582-00161984-00162478 rules based strategies that's what these
+6psbFn_UUFM-00583-00162479-00162814 are they're rules-based strategies
+6psbFn_UUFM-00584-00162815-00163133 now one of them and I just saw this here
+6psbFn_UUFM-00585-00163134-00163511 and this is where Traders get impatient
+6psbFn_UUFM-00586-00163512-00163721 remember back on this slide here where
+6psbFn_UUFM-00587-00163722-00163990 was it let me pull this up
+6psbFn_UUFM-00588-00163991-00164243 we go back to this for a moment you only
+6psbFn_UUFM-00589-00164244-00164723 need four I call them sculpts a day
+6psbFn_UUFM-00590-00164724-00165052 that is effectively five to six hundred
+6psbFn_UUFM-00591-00165053-00165437 dollars a day per big contract all you
+6psbFn_UUFM-00592-00165438-00165514 need
+6psbFn_UUFM-00593-00165515-00165983 is four of these a day where you've got
+6psbFn_UUFM-00594-00165984-00166373 a Fanning of the EMAs but when you see
+6psbFn_UUFM-00595-00166374-00166757 your EMAs coming together like this do I
+6psbFn_UUFM-00596-00166758-00167093 have a Fanning here no that is the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00597-00167094-00167345 danger zone and this is where Traders
+6psbFn_UUFM-00598-00167346-00167651 want to constantly push their luck okay
+6psbFn_UUFM-00599-00167652-00167831 it looks good now there's actually a
+6psbFn_UUFM-00600-00167832-00168166 t20-1 there's um as most of our members
+6psbFn_UUFM-00601-00168167-00168425 know of but we are starting to go
+6psbFn_UUFM-00602-00168426-00168616 sideways
+6psbFn_UUFM-00603-00168617-00168875 what we want to see here is a Fanning of
+6psbFn_UUFM-00604-00168876-00169289 the EMAs very very important to your
+6psbFn_UUFM-00605-00169290-00169576 Trading so Traders I've covered a lot in
+6psbFn_UUFM-00606-00169577-00169699 this last
+6psbFn_UUFM-00607-00169700-00170123 30 minutes now you can do this this is
+6psbFn_UUFM-00608-00170124-00170345 not rocket science
+6psbFn_UUFM-00609-00170346-00170776 what it takes is patience and discipline
+6psbFn_UUFM-00610-00170777-00171031 that's what it takes unfortunately
+6psbFn_UUFM-00611-00171032-00171269 there's so many um you know YouTube
+6psbFn_UUFM-00612-00171270-00171526 videos out there and articles and you go
+6psbFn_UUFM-00613-00171527-00171826 and Google it telling you how yes you
+6psbFn_UUFM-00614-00171827-00172126 can get rich quick as a Trader that's
+6psbFn_UUFM-00615-00172127-00172481 rarely true but you can get rich slowly
+6psbFn_UUFM-00616-00172482-00172811 that is approach it from a conservative
+6psbFn_UUFM-00617-00172812-00173063 point of view that is if you open an
+6psbFn_UUFM-00618-00173064-00173249 account with a thousand dollars
+6psbFn_UUFM-00619-00173250-00173507 double that then start trading another
+6psbFn_UUFM-00620-00173508-00173885 contract get to 3 000 start trading your
+6psbFn_UUFM-00621-00173886-00174185 third contract that's how you build both
+6psbFn_UUFM-00622-00174186-00174514 confidence and competence
+6psbFn_UUFM-00623-00174515-00174743 and that's what you learn in my live
+6psbFn_UUFM-00624-00174744-00174971 coaching sessions and my live trading
+6psbFn_UUFM-00625-00174972-00175349 room now for 197 as I mentioned you get
+6psbFn_UUFM-00626-00175350-00175702 my entire program plus eight sessions in
+6psbFn_UUFM-00627-00175703-00176063 my coaching room okay so eight live
+6psbFn_UUFM-00628-00176064-00176278 two-hour sessions plus all the power
+6psbFn_UUFM-00629-00176279-00176573 points so I'm training you in the
+6psbFn_UUFM-00630-00176574-00176764 coaching room so come along and join me
+6psbFn_UUFM-00631-00176765-00177154 only 197 dollars the links to join are
+6psbFn_UUFM-00632-00177155-00177383 down below but Traders you can do this
+6psbFn_UUFM-00633-00177384-00177701 if you put the time in it and apply
+6psbFn_UUFM-00634-00177702-00177947 discipline and patience thanks for
+6psbFn_UUFM-00635-00177948-00178133 watching see you in the next video oh
+6psbFn_UUFM-00636-00178134-00178397 make sure you subscribe to my channel to
+6psbFn_UUFM-00637-00178398-00178588 keep up to date with all of my videos
+6psbFn_UUFM-00638-00178589-00178903 thanks Traders
+6T313YMhpPQ-00000-00000154-00001031 [Music]
+6T313YMhpPQ-00001-00001032-00001158 so
+6T313YMhpPQ-00002-00001159-00001383 i'm kind of like the guy who's
+6T313YMhpPQ-00003-00001384-00001607 kind of looks after the laboratories for
+6T313YMhpPQ-00004-00001607-00001951 soil for quality control testing i run
+6T313YMhpPQ-00005-00001952-00002183 programs for the agriculture for soils
+6T313YMhpPQ-00006-00002184-00002391 plants and waters i do programs for the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00007-00002392-00002575 compost industry
+6T313YMhpPQ-00008-00002576-00002775 i've been associated with the manure
+6T313YMhpPQ-00009-00002776-00003007 testing program since it was initiated
+6T313YMhpPQ-00010-00003008-00003247 back in the late 1990s
+6T313YMhpPQ-00011-00003247-00003503 uh jerry florin who is our co-author on
+6T313YMhpPQ-00012-00003504-00003822 this paper uh has been worked with jerry
+6T313YMhpPQ-00013-00003823-00004079 for almost the last 25 years on looking
+6T313YMhpPQ-00014-00004079-00004206 at manure
+6T313YMhpPQ-00015-00004207-00004447 quality and manure analysis
+6T313YMhpPQ-00016-00004448-00004806 so
+6T313YMhpPQ-00017-00004807-00005063 i got a touching mouse here so farmers
+6T313YMhpPQ-00018-00005064-00005238 rely on manure testing to determine
+6T313YMhpPQ-00019-00005239-00005486 their crop nutrient requirements and the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00020-00005487-00005718 primary goal of this program is to
+6T313YMhpPQ-00021-00005719-00005886 ensure that farmers receive accurate
+6T313YMhpPQ-00022-00005887-00006095 manure testing by using laboratories
+6T313YMhpPQ-00023-00006096-00006334 that are certified for manure testing as
+6T313YMhpPQ-00024-00006335-00006527 i said the program was initiated in the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00025-00006528-00006855 late 1990s we went through a major
+6T313YMhpPQ-00026-00006856-00007142 expansion about 2001 with
+6T313YMhpPQ-00027-00007143-00007367 funding from the epa
+6T313YMhpPQ-00028-00007368-00007551 certification requires acceptable
+6T313YMhpPQ-00029-00007552-00007695 laboratory performance on both
+6T313YMhpPQ-00030-00007695-00007974 phosphorus and total nitrogen for the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00031-00007975-00008151 mda program
+6T313YMhpPQ-00032-00008152-00008383 and we really focus on two primary
+6T313YMhpPQ-00033-00008384-00008695 methods for looking at nitrogen that is
+6T313YMhpPQ-00034-00008696-00008846 the traditional
+6T313YMhpPQ-00035-00008847-00009023 tkn method and
+6T313YMhpPQ-00036-00009024-00009135 the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00037-00009136-00009319 nitrogen by combustion method which has
+6T313YMhpPQ-00038-00009320-00009574 been rapidly replacing the tkn method in
+6T313YMhpPQ-00039-00009575-00009774 the laboratories
+6T313YMhpPQ-00040-00009775-00009967 so
+6T313YMhpPQ-00041-00009968-00010231 the whole purpose of the program was to
+6T313YMhpPQ-00042-00010232-00010446 assist laboratories in verifying their
+6T313YMhpPQ-00043-00010447-00010638 analytical quality in terms of the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00044-00010639-00010838 accuracy and precision
+6T313YMhpPQ-00045-00010839-00011063 uh the methods in the in the program are
+6T313YMhpPQ-00046-00011064-00011383 based on the 1998 ncr 13 publication
+6T313YMhpPQ-00047-00011384-00011623 which was published by john peters out
+6T313YMhpPQ-00048-00011624-00011855 of the university of wisconsin methods
+6T313YMhpPQ-00049-00011856-00012174 of manure analysis that that manual took
+6T313YMhpPQ-00050-00012175-00012359 a long time to come together it was over
+6T313YMhpPQ-00051-00012360-00012567 10 years in the making and it's
+6T313YMhpPQ-00052-00012568-00012799 available at this website but it's being
+6T313YMhpPQ-00053-00012800-00012966 replaced and i'll have a little bit more
+6T313YMhpPQ-00054-00012967-00013207 information about that at the end
+6T313YMhpPQ-00055-00013208-00013486 so we talk about lab proficiency
+6T313YMhpPQ-00056-00013487-00013751 what is that well we send out or in this
+6T313YMhpPQ-00057-00013752-00013983 case mda sends out
+6T313YMhpPQ-00058-00013984-00014207 manure samples to these labs twice a
+6T313YMhpPQ-00059-00014208-00014294 year
+6T313YMhpPQ-00060-00014295-00014551 this is a single blind exchange meaning
+6T313YMhpPQ-00061-00014552-00014711 that the laboratories know that these
+6T313YMhpPQ-00062-00014712-00014927 are performance assessment samples they
+6T313YMhpPQ-00063-00014928-00015063 just don't know what the analytical
+6T313YMhpPQ-00064-00015063-00015191 values are
+6T313YMhpPQ-00065-00015191-00015407 and we look at basically three kinds of
+6T313YMhpPQ-00066-00015408-00015622 manures going out on the program we look
+6T313YMhpPQ-00067-00015623-00015911 at dairy backslash beef we look at swine
+6T313YMhpPQ-00068-00015912-00016111 we look at poultry sources and each
+6T313YMhpPQ-00069-00016112-00016558 manure sample is submitted in triplicate
+6T313YMhpPQ-00070-00016559-00016807 it's really a rigorous preparation
+6T313YMhpPQ-00071-00016808-00017143 process jerry florian became very highly
+6T313YMhpPQ-00072-00017144-00017358 experienced in how to do this
+6T313YMhpPQ-00073-00017359-00017607 because liquid manures are a real
+6T313YMhpPQ-00074-00017608-00017799 challenge in terms of blending them and
+6T313YMhpPQ-00075-00017800-00017999 homogenizing so that every lab is
+6T313YMhpPQ-00076-00018000-00018247 getting pretty much the same material
+6T313YMhpPQ-00077-00018248-00018503 the pt program do aliquots their sub
+6T313YMhpPQ-00078-00018504-00018758 samples and they are subsequently frozen
+6T313YMhpPQ-00079-00018759-00019014 before they are sent to the labs uh on
+6T313YMhpPQ-00080-00019015-00019239 the solid samples we grind to a minimum
+6T313YMhpPQ-00081-00019240-00019494 particle size do a bulk blending
+6T313YMhpPQ-00082-00019495-00019663 it's really critical that we get good
+6T313YMhpPQ-00083-00019664-00019871 homogeneity for the analysis that we're
+6T313YMhpPQ-00084-00019872-00020079 looking at specifically total land and
+6T313YMhpPQ-00085-00020080-00020311 total p here and samples are shipped
+6T313YMhpPQ-00086-00020312-00020478 frozen overnight to laboratory
+6T313YMhpPQ-00087-00020479-00020678 participants
+6T313YMhpPQ-00088-00020679-00020871 now when we look at this data coming
+6T313YMhpPQ-00089-00020872-00021143 back from these laboratories uh
+6T313YMhpPQ-00090-00021144-00021486 to keep in mind we're seeing about 65 75
+6T313YMhpPQ-00091-00021487-00021655 laboratories in the united states which
+6T313YMhpPQ-00092-00021656-00021855 participate in this program
+6T313YMhpPQ-00093-00021856-00022030 it's really important to look at the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00094-00022031-00022278 statistics behind how we say okay this
+6T313YMhpPQ-00095-00022279-00022463 is the number this is the value
+6T313YMhpPQ-00096-00022464-00022703 analytical value on that sample
+6T313YMhpPQ-00097-00022704-00022911 so what we do is that we look at this
+6T313YMhpPQ-00098-00022912-00023150 data sets and we have to understand it's
+6T313YMhpPQ-00099-00023151-00023358 not normally distributed so we use a
+6T313YMhpPQ-00100-00023359-00023599 technique called the median the median
+6T313YMhpPQ-00101-00023600-00023839 and the median absolute deviation to
+6T313YMhpPQ-00102-00023840-00024086 describe what those values are in these
+6T313YMhpPQ-00103-00024087-00024263 proficiency samples
+6T313YMhpPQ-00104-00024264-00024471 at the right here is a graph showing the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00105-00024472-00024647 upper control limit the lower control
+6T313YMhpPQ-00106-00024648-00024839 limit and the individual values for
+6T313YMhpPQ-00107-00024840-00025014 nitrogen combustion on a sample that was
+6T313YMhpPQ-00108-00025015-00025263 submitted in 2006.
+6T313YMhpPQ-00109-00025264-00025422 the little error bars because each
+6T313YMhpPQ-00110-00025423-00025606 laboratory measures each sample and
+6T313YMhpPQ-00111-00025607-00025774 triplicate gives us a measure of what
+6T313YMhpPQ-00112-00025775-00025990 the internal precision is within that
+6T313YMhpPQ-00113-00025991-00026158 laboratory
+6T313YMhpPQ-00114-00026160-00026270 uh
+6T313YMhpPQ-00115-00026272-00026487 individual lab method precision assessed
+6T313YMhpPQ-00116-00026488-00026743 based on these three replications
+6T313YMhpPQ-00117-00026744-00026967 so in essence we say any lab that
+6T313YMhpPQ-00118-00026968-00027279 exceeds the 95 confidence limits of the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00119-00027280-00027511 median is considered to be outside the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00120-00027512-00027831 performance range on that sample
+6T313YMhpPQ-00121-00027832-00028039 now one two terms i want to make clear
+6T313YMhpPQ-00122-00028039-00028270 to everybody so that we we understand
+6T313YMhpPQ-00123-00028272-00028351 what
+6T313YMhpPQ-00124-00028352-00028551 i get off in the statistics sometimes
+6T313YMhpPQ-00125-00028552-00028774 and we have to define
+6T313YMhpPQ-00126-00028775-00029023 so the one is the interlaboratory
+6T313YMhpPQ-00127-00029024-00029255 relative median difference it's a it's a
+6T313YMhpPQ-00128-00029256-00029431 measure of the variance across the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00129-00029432-00029687 multiple laboratories it's basically the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00130-00029688-00029974 mad divided by the median times 100.
+6T313YMhpPQ-00131-00029975-00030143 that's what's telling us what the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00132-00030144-00030374 overall variance on a pt sample is
+6T313YMhpPQ-00133-00030375-00030558 across the industry
+6T313YMhpPQ-00134-00030560-00030814 the other one is the interlaboratory rsd
+6T313YMhpPQ-00135-00030816-00030990 this is the amount of precision that we
+6T313YMhpPQ-00136-00030991-00031287 look at with any particular laboratory
+6T313YMhpPQ-00137-00031288-00031502 relative of a standard deviation by the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00138-00031503-00031727 mean of the three blockbuckets so in
+6T313YMhpPQ-00139-00031727-00031927 essence we have two values we're looking
+6T313YMhpPQ-00140-00031927-00032223 at how well does the industry have for
+6T313YMhpPQ-00141-00032224-00032462 interlaboratory variants and what is
+6T313YMhpPQ-00142-00032463-00032831 that variance within a laboratory
+6T313YMhpPQ-00143-00032832-00032999 our typical reports that's been
+6T313YMhpPQ-00144-00033000-00033215 submitted out to in the proficiency
+6T313YMhpPQ-00145-00033216-00033431 program in the past is example here at
+6T313YMhpPQ-00146-00033432-00033727 the right this gets to be a pretty busy
+6T313YMhpPQ-00147-00033728-00033967 reporting sheet we have total solids
+6T313YMhpPQ-00148-00033968-00034218 electrical conductivity
+6T313YMhpPQ-00149-00034219-00034543 npks and some micronutrients it's a lot
+6T313YMhpPQ-00150-00034544-00034735 of information there but really what you
+6T313YMhpPQ-00151-00034736-00034902 really what a laboratory really needs to
+6T313YMhpPQ-00152-00034903-00035127 focus on is that very last column
+6T313YMhpPQ-00153-00035128-00035279 whether they have
+6T313YMhpPQ-00154-00035280-00035471 with their precisions if their precision
+6T313YMhpPQ-00155-00035472-00035655 exceeds what we say is the industry
+6T313YMhpPQ-00156-00035656-00035879 norms or what if their of individual
+6T313YMhpPQ-00157-00035880-00036079 value in this case for total kelvin
+6T313YMhpPQ-00158-00036080-00036271 nitrogen was low
+6T313YMhpPQ-00159-00036272-00036583 used by the the red flag there by the l
+6T313YMhpPQ-00160-00036584-00036718 symbol
+6T313YMhpPQ-00161-00036719-00036830 so
+6T313YMhpPQ-00162-00036831-00037135 and also we also put in these reports in
+6T313YMhpPQ-00163-00037136-00037415 the past a graphic to show you the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00164-00037416-00037583 distribution of the results from the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00165-00037584-00037807 various laboratories that provided
+6T313YMhpPQ-00166-00037808-00038039 information and we list those by
+6T313YMhpPQ-00167-00038040-00038246 different analytes below there you see
+6T313YMhpPQ-00168-00038247-00038502 total solid distribution ec data
+6T313YMhpPQ-00169-00038503-00038823 distribution and tkn
+6T313YMhpPQ-00170-00038824-00038935 now
+6T313YMhpPQ-00171-00038936-00039079 when we look at these proficiency
+6T313YMhpPQ-00172-00039080-00039279 results i'm just going to look at two
+6T313YMhpPQ-00173-00039280-00039615 samples that we submitted in 2003 a and
+6T313YMhpPQ-00174-00039616-00039695 b
+6T313YMhpPQ-00175-00039696-00039935 if you look at these two samples i use
+6T313YMhpPQ-00176-00039936-00040102 these two because they're strikingly
+6T313YMhpPQ-00177-00040103-00040399 different samples so total solids for
+6T313YMhpPQ-00178-00040400-00040583 the first one is 74
+6T313YMhpPQ-00179-00040584-00040846 sample b is 1.5 so we're looking at a
+6T313YMhpPQ-00180-00040847-00041046 solid basically manure and a liquid
+6T313YMhpPQ-00181-00041047-00041279 manure side by side that will rent at
+6T313YMhpPQ-00182-00041280-00041502 the same proficiency cycle
+6T313YMhpPQ-00183-00041503-00041743 and you can see there the 95 confidence
+6T313YMhpPQ-00184-00041744-00042015 limits on total solids is 2
+6T313YMhpPQ-00185-00042016-00042279 whereas the one on the liquid sample is
+6T313YMhpPQ-00186-00042280-00042518 point two percent six percent but
+6T313YMhpPQ-00187-00042519-00042711 realize there's about a seventy fold
+6T313YMhpPQ-00188-00042712-00042839 difference in the total solid
+6T313YMhpPQ-00189-00042840-00043111 concentrations as we go down the list we
+6T313YMhpPQ-00190-00043112-00043390 have tkn and nitrogen by combustion here
+6T313YMhpPQ-00191-00043391-00043615 you'll see you know both methods found
+6T313YMhpPQ-00192-00043616-00043823 very similar values
+6T313YMhpPQ-00193-00043824-00044079 uh tcan was pretty much the dominant
+6T313YMhpPQ-00194-00044080-00044318 method of the industry 25 years ago
+6T313YMhpPQ-00195-00044319-00044527 today it's pretty much a fraction of the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00196-00044528-00044655 industry
+6T313YMhpPQ-00197-00044656-00044855 and there's phosphorus and there's
+6T313YMhpPQ-00198-00044856-00045111 potassium these two samples again
+6T313YMhpPQ-00199-00045112-00045343 uh you know widely different numbers
+6T313YMhpPQ-00200-00045344-00045567 because of the total solids contents on
+6T313YMhpPQ-00201-00045568-00045646 this
+6T313YMhpPQ-00202-00045647-00045887 so it's really critical to the pt
+6T313YMhpPQ-00203-00045888-00046071 program that we look at manures from
+6T313YMhpPQ-00204-00046072-00046262 different sources and different types of
+6T313YMhpPQ-00205-00046263-00046415 total solids it really helps the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00206-00046416-00046686 laboratories figure out whether they're
+6T313YMhpPQ-00207-00046687-00046862 really good at a particular type of
+6T313YMhpPQ-00208-00046863-00047167 matrix or not
+6T313YMhpPQ-00209-00047168-00047430 now when i get into the data analysis on
+6T313YMhpPQ-00210-00047431-00047639 this sometimes i get off in the deep end
+6T313YMhpPQ-00211-00047640-00047774 on this because i'm really more of a
+6T313YMhpPQ-00212-00047775-00047943 statistics guy and looking at these
+6T313YMhpPQ-00213-00047944-00048183 things here but here are two examples of
+6T313YMhpPQ-00214-00048184-00048439 the interlab method rmd this is the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00215-00048440-00048774 variance between labs on a whole range
+6T313YMhpPQ-00216-00048775-00048943 of samples that were submitted between
+6T313YMhpPQ-00217-00048944-00049199 2003 and 2018.
+6T313YMhpPQ-00218-00049200-00049407 these samples vary in total solids
+6T313YMhpPQ-00219-00049408-00049646 contents from one percent to out to
+6T313YMhpPQ-00220-00049647-00049918 almost just over 90
+6T313YMhpPQ-00221-00049919-00050111 so there's 108 samples in these two
+6T313YMhpPQ-00222-00050112-00050286 graphs at the right
+6T313YMhpPQ-00223-00050287-00050486 and we have the nitrogen combustion
+6T313YMhpPQ-00224-00050487-00050774 results there and we have the tkn
+6T313YMhpPQ-00225-00050775-00050879 results
+6T313YMhpPQ-00226-00050880-00051071 and i have to move my
+6T313YMhpPQ-00227-00051072-00051302 i have to move my bar here so i can see
+6T313YMhpPQ-00228-00051303-00051590 this okay so the t can is at the left
+6T313YMhpPQ-00229-00051591-00051814 and as you can see there's pretty good
+6T313YMhpPQ-00230-00051815-00052087 consistency across the labs in terms of
+6T313YMhpPQ-00231-00052088-00052366 the interlaboratory rmd until we get
+6T313YMhpPQ-00232-00052367-00052575 down to about two or three percent i'm
+6T313YMhpPQ-00233-00052576-00052791 sorry point two point three percent t
+6T313YMhpPQ-00234-00052791-00052991 can concentrations
+6T313YMhpPQ-00235-00052991-00053182 if we look at nitrogen by combustion we
+6T313YMhpPQ-00236-00053183-00053423 notice that boy you get down to about a
+6T313YMhpPQ-00237-00053424-00053615 half a percent total nitrogen in a
+6T313YMhpPQ-00238-00053616-00053823 sample a manure sample and then it just
+6T313YMhpPQ-00239-00053824-00053950 explodes
+6T313YMhpPQ-00240-00053951-00054175 and that particular methodology just
+6T313YMhpPQ-00241-00054176-00054382 doesn't seem to be refined as well to
+6T313YMhpPQ-00242-00054383-00054599 two liquid manure samples as the more
+6T313YMhpPQ-00243-00054600-00054966 traditional tkn method is
+6T313YMhpPQ-00244-00054967-00055063 now
+6T313YMhpPQ-00245-00055064-00055303 we have manure samples these are liquid
+6T313YMhpPQ-00246-00055304-00055463 samples that were ran through the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00247-00055464-00055823 program between 2003 and 2009
+6T313YMhpPQ-00248-00055824-00056079 the tkn on the left and the nitrogen by
+6T313YMhpPQ-00249-00056079-00056254 combustion on the right
+6T313YMhpPQ-00250-00056255-00056503 now i use a technique called kate nelson
+6T313YMhpPQ-00251-00056504-00056742 to divide out where we can put these in
+6T313YMhpPQ-00252-00056744-00056854 quadrants
+6T313YMhpPQ-00253-00056855-00057007 and i did this because it really
+6T313YMhpPQ-00254-00057008-00057207 exemplifies what the differences are in
+6T313YMhpPQ-00255-00057208-00057454 these two methodologies across a range
+6T313YMhpPQ-00256-00057455-00057703 of liquid manure samples over ran over a
+6T313YMhpPQ-00257-00057704-00058038 six year period 27 samples in total
+6T313YMhpPQ-00258-00058039-00058247 and you'll see there the tkn method
+6T313YMhpPQ-00259-00058248-00058511 starts to become noisy across the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00260-00058512-00058615 industry
+6T313YMhpPQ-00261-00058616-00058942 around point two percent tkn nitrogen
+6T313YMhpPQ-00262-00058944-00059142 whereas at the right on nitrogen
+6T313YMhpPQ-00263-00059144-00059326 combustion it's a much higher value
+6T313YMhpPQ-00264-00059327-00059582 almost twice the range it starts to
+6T313YMhpPQ-00265-00059583-00059838 become noisy across all the laboratories
+6T313YMhpPQ-00266-00059839-00060038 that provide this data here
+6T313YMhpPQ-00267-00060039-00060382 once we hit about 0.4.5
+6T313YMhpPQ-00268-00060383-00060542 essence this is the limits of the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00269-00060544-00060735 instrumentation that's being employed
+6T313YMhpPQ-00270-00060736-00060950 the tkn method even though it's the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00271-00060951-00061175 oldest method seems to be more refined
+6T313YMhpPQ-00272-00061176-00061471 in being able to do total in on very low
+6T313YMhpPQ-00273-00061472-00061879 manure tested samples i.e liquid madures
+6T313YMhpPQ-00274-00061879-00062079 if we look at the data set though from
+6T313YMhpPQ-00275-00062079-00062591 2010 to 2018 we've ran 22 liquid manures
+6T313YMhpPQ-00276-00062591-00062847 uh these have total silence less than 12
+6T313YMhpPQ-00277-00062848-00063103 percent and you'll see there the ttn
+6T313YMhpPQ-00278-00063104-00063391 number over this last period of about
+6T313YMhpPQ-00279-00063391-00063694 eight years is pretty constant it is all
+6T313YMhpPQ-00280-00063695-00063935 under 10 and within a long term average
+6T313YMhpPQ-00281-00063936-00064366 across those 22 samples of about about 8
+6T313YMhpPQ-00282-00064367-00064615 whereas the nitrogen by combustion yes
+6T313YMhpPQ-00283-00064616-00064815 it's gotten better it's got better but
+6T313YMhpPQ-00284-00064816-00064966 it still has a much higher
+6T313YMhpPQ-00285-00064967-00065182 interlaboratory variance
+6T313YMhpPQ-00286-00065183-00065438 in essence we've in the the methodology
+6T313YMhpPQ-00287-00065439-00065663 of the pt program shows improvement of
+6T313YMhpPQ-00288-00065664-00065894 laboratories over time
+6T313YMhpPQ-00289-00065895-00066167 specifically on the tkn method but also
+6T313YMhpPQ-00290-00066168-00066375 to a limited extent on the nitrogen by
+6T313YMhpPQ-00291-00066376-00066647 combustion method
+6T313YMhpPQ-00292-00066648-00066863 so now i'd like to take a real brief
+6T313YMhpPQ-00293-00066864-00067143 moment because when clients send samples
+6T313YMhpPQ-00294-00067144-00067431 to manure testing laboratories it's nice
+6T313YMhpPQ-00295-00067432-00067638 to know that one laboratory is different
+6T313YMhpPQ-00296-00067639-00067831 than another but what can we expect
+6T313YMhpPQ-00297-00067832-00068067 within a laboratory that intra
+6T313YMhpPQ-00298-00068068-00068303 intra-laboratory precision
+6T313YMhpPQ-00299-00068304-00068582 so here our samples were in from 2010
+6T313YMhpPQ-00300-00068583-00068847 through 2018
+6T313YMhpPQ-00301-00068848-00069167 and we have 54 manure samples and we
+6T313YMhpPQ-00302-00069168-00069447 have tkn and we have combustion and this
+6T313YMhpPQ-00303-00069448-00069638 is basically that internal precision
+6T313YMhpPQ-00304-00069639-00069838 that this laboratory is performing and
+6T313YMhpPQ-00305-00069839-00070103 as you'll see there the tkn method it
+6T313YMhpPQ-00306-00070104-00070294 kind of bounces around remember we have
+6T313YMhpPQ-00307-00070295-00070638 liquid samples semi-solid samples and
+6T313YMhpPQ-00308-00070639-00070926 solid samples in in this data set but
+6T313YMhpPQ-00309-00070927-00071191 when we get down to very low tkn values
+6T313YMhpPQ-00310-00071192-00071462 ie samples are pretty much a liquid
+6T313YMhpPQ-00311-00071463-00071575 matrix
+6T313YMhpPQ-00312-00071576-00071767 about 0.5
+6T313YMhpPQ-00313-00071768-00072031 you know is about that point where that
+6T313YMhpPQ-00314-00072032-00072326 interlaboratory precision just explodes
+6T313YMhpPQ-00315-00072327-00072550 and it goes up to an average of probably
+6T313YMhpPQ-00316-00072551-00072743 three or four percent
+6T313YMhpPQ-00317-00072744-00072935 whereas on concentrations highers it
+6T313YMhpPQ-00318-00072936-00073111 runs about two
+6T313YMhpPQ-00319-00073112-00073326 however nitrogen by combustion as we've
+6T313YMhpPQ-00320-00073327-00073638 seen earlier it starts to inflate within
+6T313YMhpPQ-00321-00073639-00073903 a laboratory on about a concentration of
+6T313YMhpPQ-00322-00073904-00074038 0.5
+6T313YMhpPQ-00323-00074039-00074303 probably on samples that have a total
+6T313YMhpPQ-00324-00074304-00074535 solids content the eight to ten percent
+6T313YMhpPQ-00325-00074536-00074759 was where the nitrogen combustion starts
+6T313YMhpPQ-00326-00074760-00075031 to increase and clients need to be aware
+6T313YMhpPQ-00327-00075032-00075247 of this particular number because this
+6T313YMhpPQ-00328-00075248-00075415 is that precision and what they can
+6T313YMhpPQ-00329-00075416-00075559 expect if they have a good
+6T313YMhpPQ-00330-00075560-00075782 representative sample submitted to the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00331-00075783-00075999 laboratory
+6T313YMhpPQ-00332-00076000-00076255 we talk about interlaboratory precision
+6T313YMhpPQ-00333-00076256-00076487 on phosphorus again here we have a
+6T313YMhpPQ-00334-00076488-00076743 liquid manure sample versus semi-solid
+6T313YMhpPQ-00335-00076744-00077015 manure samples you'll see that those
+6T313YMhpPQ-00336-00077016-00077231 liquid samples have a much higher
+6T313YMhpPQ-00337-00077232-00077343 interlab
+6T313YMhpPQ-00338-00077344-00077599 variability with an rsd of about 10
+6T313YMhpPQ-00339-00077600-00077767 percent across
+6T313YMhpPQ-00340-00077768-00078031 all those samples that were ran the 108
+6T313YMhpPQ-00341-00078032-00078150 samples
+6T313YMhpPQ-00342-00078151-00078238 if
+6T313YMhpPQ-00343-00078239-00078519 we look at you know phosphorus just down
+6T313YMhpPQ-00344-00078520-00078815 the semi solid samples then it's a much
+6T313YMhpPQ-00345-00078816-00078999 tighter thing again you get a better
+6T313YMhpPQ-00346-00079000-00079167 representative sample because we're
+6T313YMhpPQ-00347-00079168-00079711 dealing with much higher concentrations
+6T313YMhpPQ-00348-00079712-00079943 so results of this program show that
+6T313YMhpPQ-00349-00079944-00080238 nitrogen analysis for the t can method
+6T313YMhpPQ-00350-00080239-00080487 is pretty consistent and it gives a
+6T313YMhpPQ-00351-00080488-00080806 lower interlaboratory rmd value across
+6T313YMhpPQ-00352-00080807-00081087 that and why is that the tkn method
+6T313YMhpPQ-00353-00081088-00081326 typically uses a larger subsample within
+6T313YMhpPQ-00354-00081327-00081447 the laboratory
+6T313YMhpPQ-00355-00081448-00081655 and generally the nitrogen combined
+6T313YMhpPQ-00356-00081656-00081838 nitrogen combustion instruments have a
+6T313YMhpPQ-00357-00081839-00082111 higher mdl a method detection limit than
+6T313YMhpPQ-00358-00082112-00082391 the tkn method and therefore it is not
+6T313YMhpPQ-00359-00082392-00082599 as accurate on the very lowest testing
+6T313YMhpPQ-00360-00082600-00082855 of the liquid manure samples
+6T313YMhpPQ-00361-00082856-00083182 so for liquid manures under 12 we
+6T313YMhpPQ-00362-00083183-00083406 recommended the tkn method for nitrogen
+6T313YMhpPQ-00363-00083407-00083638 analysis you know a lot of laboratories
+6T313YMhpPQ-00364-00083639-00083782 over the years have moved to nitrogen
+6T313YMhpPQ-00365-00083783-00084079 combustion because it's more it's more
+6T313YMhpPQ-00366-00084080-00084311 it's a more robust method for doing it
+6T313YMhpPQ-00367-00084312-00084494 but the problem is is when we get into
+6T313YMhpPQ-00368-00084495-00084726 low total solids it just doesn't quite
+6T313YMhpPQ-00369-00084727-00085079 work as well as our existing tkn method
+6T313YMhpPQ-00370-00085080-00085231 map results showing continuing
+6T313YMhpPQ-00371-00085232-00085447 improvement in laboratories over for
+6T313YMhpPQ-00372-00085448-00085615 nitrogen analysis both in terms of
+6T313YMhpPQ-00373-00085616-00085879 precision and that within laboratories
+6T313YMhpPQ-00374-00085880-00086175 in between laboratories has been shown
+6T313YMhpPQ-00375-00086176-00086462 it's it's a very it's significant that i
+6T313YMhpPQ-00376-00086463-00086671 my observations that liquid manure
+6T313YMhpPQ-00377-00086672-00086894 samples have gotten consistently better
+6T313YMhpPQ-00378-00086895-00087126 probably in part because the laboratory
+6T313YMhpPQ-00379-00087127-00087318 feedback mechanism from proficiency
+6T313YMhpPQ-00380-00087319-00087543 programs has shown that laboratories
+6T313YMhpPQ-00381-00087544-00087718 have learned how to sharpen the knife
+6T313YMhpPQ-00382-00087719-00087959 when they're working in the lab
+6T313YMhpPQ-00383-00087960-00088135 interlaboratory rsd values are the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00384-00088136-00088287 poorest precision samples with the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00385-00088288-00088535 lowest total solids no surprise there we
+6T313YMhpPQ-00386-00088536-00088703 start to approach method detection
+6T313YMhpPQ-00387-00088704-00088894 limits and this is this is always a
+6T313YMhpPQ-00388-00088895-00089199 problem
+6T313YMhpPQ-00389-00089200-00089375 i'd like to acknowledge uh thanks to
+6T313YMhpPQ-00390-00089376-00089638 larry gunderson supervisor
+6T313YMhpPQ-00391-00089639-00089887 at the fertilizer management of mda in
+6T313YMhpPQ-00392-00089888-00090055 st paul minnesota he's been an
+6T313YMhpPQ-00393-00090056-00090238 instrumental for keeping this program on
+6T313YMhpPQ-00394-00090239-00090582 track the last last decade and one big
+6T313YMhpPQ-00395-00090583-00090806 note for all those who have associates
+6T313YMhpPQ-00396-00090807-00091047 in the laboratory industry the new
+6T313YMhpPQ-00397-00091048-00091335 manure method the new the second edition
+6T313YMhpPQ-00398-00091336-00091503 of the recommended methods for manure
+6T313YMhpPQ-00399-00091504-00091631 analysis has been published by the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00400-00091632-00091823 university of minnesota library and is
+6T313YMhpPQ-00401-00091824-00092031 now available at this address i'm sure
+6T313YMhpPQ-00402-00092032-00092126 that this
+6T313YMhpPQ-00403-00092127-00092271 information is going to be posted out
+6T313YMhpPQ-00404-00092272-00092371 there
+6T313YMhpPQ-00405-00092372-00092550 congratulations to
+6T313YMhpPQ-00406-00092551-00092759 melissa wilson and hurting all the
+6T313YMhpPQ-00407-00092760-00092959 authors and getting this this document
+6T313YMhpPQ-00408-00092960-00093167 finished up
+6T313YMhpPQ-00409-00093168-00093287 and with that
+6T313YMhpPQ-00410-00093288-00093374 i
+6T313YMhpPQ-00411-00093375-00093574 offer you you can get a contact me at
+6T313YMhpPQ-00412-00093575-00094679 this particular address
+6T313YMhpPQ-00413-00094680-00094888 you
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00000-00000000-00000875 conflict yes everyone's favorite topic
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00001-00000876-00001073 hey thanks for reading my article in
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00002-00001074-00001300 maze Envision magazine Now isn't Society
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00003-00001301-00001523 funny how we gravitate towards other
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00004-00001524-00001775 people's conflict love to gossip about
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00005-00001776-00002039 it or or we'll even watch shows about
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00006-00002039-00002260 other people living their real life
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00007-00002261-00002507 drama and fake conflict but when it
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00008-00002508-00002687 comes to dealing with conflict most
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00009-00002688-00002995 people just pretend it's not there
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00010-00002996-00003317 most feel that that tension and do
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00011-00003318-00003520 everything to try and avoid it though
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00012-00003521-00003736 there are a few who thrive on conflict
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00013-00003738-00004006 and and there are even fewer yet that
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00014-00004007-00004217 are constructive with how they thrive on
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00015-00004218-00004469 conflict now I'll start by saying this
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00016-00004470-00004751 as an optician myself I will admit that
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00017-00004752-00005045 the opticianary role is most equipped to
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00018-00005046-00005267 deal with conflict because of our part
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00019-00005268-00005501 in the patient Journey when the patient
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00020-00005502-00005722 decides to purchase eyewear right we
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00021-00005723-00005831 hear no
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00022-00005832-00006083 the most I think of anyone in the office
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00023-00006084-00006347 because we are in the sales position so
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00024-00006348-00006641 these uncomfortable kind of conflict
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00025-00006642-00006923 type scenarios are are frequent but just
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00026-00006923-00007114 because Opticians deal with the most
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00027-00007115-00007403 conflict does not mean that Opticians
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00028-00007404-00007709 are good at dealing with it ah
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00029-00007709-00007955 equally is terrible as everyone else at
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00030-00007956-00008177 conflict so no matter your role in the
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00031-00008178-00008357 office listen up
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00032-00008358-00008627 in the administrative Reception Area the
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00033-00008628-00008963 pre-testing area if you're a scribe if
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00034-00008964-00009160 you're the doctor if you're an optician
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00035-00009161-00009414 you're in a position to absolutely
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00036-00009415-00009664 abolish a patient's desire to buy
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00037-00009665-00009923 eyewear and I guarantee that you have
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00038-00009924-00010156 unintentionally talk patients right out
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00039-00010157-00010355 of buying glasses without even knowing
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00040-00010356-00010703 it true story now you didn't do this on
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00041-00010704-00010942 purpose right no one ever does but but
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00042-00010943-00011159 here's the great thing about this with
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00043-00011160-00011417 the right verbiage each one of you no
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00044-00011418-00011663 matter your role in the office also has
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00045-00011664-00011969 the power to save a sale let me explain
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00046-00011970-00012238 when a patient says for example that
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00047-00012239-00012406 they want to take their prescription and
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00048-00012407-00012538 are going to go order their glasses
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00049-00012539-00012724 online which is a very uncomfortable
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00050-00012725-00012983 situation by the way the awkwardness
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00051-00012984-00013265 causes us to kind of freeze up or even
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00052-00013266-00013588 stutter uh oh oh okay okay here or cower
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00053-00013590-00013757 away and pretend that we didn't hear
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00054-00013758-00014069 them right or sometimes just say really
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00055-00014069-00014344 dumb things like yeah a lot of people
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00056-00014345-00014513 order online
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00057-00014513-00014725 don't do that
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00058-00014726-00014980 all of these completely closed or even
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00059-00014981-00015161 like slam the door on the patient
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00060-00015162-00015358 getting their eyewear from you now can
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00061-00015359-00015527 we force the patients to buy from us
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00062-00015528-00015827 absolutely not I would have done it but
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00063-00015828-00016061 we sure as hell do not need to go about
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00064-00016062-00016283 shedding the opportunity just because we
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00065-00016284-00016505 get uncomfortable in a situation
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00066-00016506-00016775 let me tell you this when you and your
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00067-00016776-00017069 whole team are properly equipped with
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00068-00017070-00017236 the correct responses to give your
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00069-00017237-00017453 patient throughout their journey in your
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00070-00017454-00017765 office you leave that opportunity open
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00071-00017766-00018035 having responses all cued up and in your
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00072-00018036-00018239 back pocket so that when something is
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00073-00018240-00018569 said you can confidently respond is
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00074-00018570-00018803 amazingly empowering not just for you
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00075-00018804-00018971 but for every single person on your team
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00076-00018972-00019163 at specsy we have a course that
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00077-00019164-00019319 specifically addresses these
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00078-00019320-00019583 uncomfortable situations that were
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00079-00019584-00019835 placed in with patients and we discussed
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00080-00019836-00020021 the proper responses to give your
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00081-00020022-00020291 patient no matter when you hear an
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00082-00020292-00020458 uncomfortable comment in their Journey
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00083-00020459-00020680 you're replying to the comment should be
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00084-00020681-00020908 one that is reflective of your role at
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00085-00020909-00021161 the office yet keeps the patient open
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00086-00021162-00021455 and comfortable with the idea of seeing
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00087-00021456-00021730 what your office can offer them we never
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00088-00021731-00021947 want to make a patient uncomfortable and
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00089-00021948-00022199 can absolutely avoid doing so with the
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00090-00022200-00022403 right conversation so rather than
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00091-00022404-00022625 Googling how to get your co-worker to
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00092-00022626-00022943 stop saying stupid things go and go
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00093-00022944-00023183 ahead and type in beastpexy.com into
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00094-00023184-00023458 your browser and see how your team can
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00095-00023459-00023633 start making a difference with your
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00096-00023634-00023927 patients like right way I'll see you
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00097-00023928-00024091 next month bye guys
+6Tj71KmxlVE-00098-00024092-00025777 [Music]
+6TMnUVwpM10-00000-00000104-00000695 man i haven't said anything yet
+6TMnUVwpM10-00001-00000696-00001231 all right welcome to open source bridge
+6TMnUVwpM10-00002-00001232-00001374 so uh
+6TMnUVwpM10-00003-00001375-00001543 just to give you an idea there are more
+6TMnUVwpM10-00004-00001544-00001926 than 400 of you here today
+6TMnUVwpM10-00005-00001927-00002087 yeah
+6TMnUVwpM10-00006-00002088-00002279 yeah it's really really cool and we're
+6TMnUVwpM10-00007-00002280-00002526 very happy that you're here
+6TMnUVwpM10-00008-00002527-00002695 so we created this conference for open
+6TMnUVwpM10-00009-00002696-00002887 source citizens
+6TMnUVwpM10-00010-00002888-00003126 we want people to actively participate
+6TMnUVwpM10-00011-00003127-00003463 and uh contribute to this conference um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00012-00003464-00003638 and you know you're here you're here to
+6TMnUVwpM10-00013-00003639-00003815 do that to collaborate with each other
+6TMnUVwpM10-00014-00003815-00004006 on about free and open source software
+6TMnUVwpM10-00015-00004007-00004103 so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00016-00004104-00004206 welcome
+6TMnUVwpM10-00017-00004207-00004447 um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00018-00004448-00004631 one thing that i wanted to do before i
+6TMnUVwpM10-00019-00004632-00004870 get too far was acknowledge our sponsors
+6TMnUVwpM10-00020-00004871-00005022 we really couldn't have done this
+6TMnUVwpM10-00021-00005023-00005183 conference without them and there were
+6TMnUVwpM10-00022-00005184-00005406 quite a few as you can see
+6TMnUVwpM10-00023-00005407-00005567 yes
+6TMnUVwpM10-00024-00005568-00005683 yeah thank
+6TMnUVwpM10-00025-00005684-00006006 you um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00026-00006007-00006167 and specifically i wanted to point out
+6TMnUVwpM10-00027-00006168-00006391 point out a few um first up and actually
+6TMnUVwpM10-00028-00006392-00006503 tom's here in the front row and he's
+6TMnUVwpM10-00029-00006504-00006670 going to make a little announcement but
+6TMnUVwpM10-00030-00006672-00006959 yahoo developer network uh
+6TMnUVwpM10-00031-00006959-00007151 sponsored at the committee level um and
+6TMnUVwpM10-00032-00007152-00007319 they specifically sponsored the hacker
+6TMnUVwpM10-00033-00007320-00007470 lounge which is over at the hilton on
+6TMnUVwpM10-00034-00007472-00007695 the top floor it's pretty cool
+6TMnUVwpM10-00035-00007695-00007855 and there's going to be over the next
+6TMnUVwpM10-00036-00007856-00008023 three days
+6TMnUVwpM10-00037-00008023-00008167 hacking sessions that people have
+6TMnUVwpM10-00038-00008168-00008287 scheduled you can check them out on the
+6TMnUVwpM10-00039-00008288-00008463 wiki
+6TMnUVwpM10-00040-00008464-00008663 and yahoo developer network i know that
+6TMnUVwpM10-00041-00008664-00008959 stacy is here i know that rasmus
+6TMnUVwpM10-00042-00008960-00009055 is here
+6TMnUVwpM10-00043-00009056-00009231 uh they they brought several people so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00044-00009232-00009439 you should say hi and thank you if you
+6TMnUVwpM10-00045-00009440-00009655 see them but uh tom if you wanted to
+6TMnUVwpM10-00046-00009656-00009887 just come up real quick and
+6TMnUVwpM10-00047-00009888-00010431 make the announcement
+6TMnUVwpM10-00048-00010432-00010646 hello everybody um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00049-00010647-00010927 so obviously i'm not american um but i i
+6TMnUVwpM10-00050-00010928-00011167 do really rather like your fair country
+6TMnUVwpM10-00051-00011168-00011383 so we've partnered with the sunlight
+6TMnUVwpM10-00052-00011384-00011623 foundation who help people
+6TMnUVwpM10-00053-00011624-00011831 create open e-government
+6TMnUVwpM10-00054-00011832-00012103 and help promote democracy
+6TMnUVwpM10-00055-00012104-00012238 and we're releasing some tools today
+6TMnUVwpM10-00056-00012239-00012342 they're going to be available on our
+6TMnUVwpM10-00057-00012343-00012438 blog
+6TMnUVwpM10-00058-00012439-00012631 to help you do that but also sunlight
+6TMnUVwpM10-00059-00012632-00012759 are running
+6TMnUVwpM10-00060-00012760-00012927 a hackathon
+6TMnUVwpM10-00061-00012928-00013055 all this week
+6TMnUVwpM10-00062-00013056-00013215 in the hackland and the hilton but
+6TMnUVwpM10-00063-00013216-00013335 there's an introduction today at three
+6TMnUVwpM10-00064-00013336-00013535 o'clock and we'd really like to see as
+6TMnUVwpM10-00065-00013536-00013671 many people from the open source
+6TMnUVwpM10-00066-00013672-00013838 community start participating in
+6TMnUVwpM10-00067-00013840-00013983 e-government and kind of giving
+6TMnUVwpM10-00068-00013984-00014255 something back to your democracy so um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00069-00014256-00014615 viva la revolution
+6TMnUVwpM10-00070-00014616-00014799 thank you tom
+6TMnUVwpM10-00071-00014800-00014975 so yeah hacker lounge over in the hilton
+6TMnUVwpM10-00072-00014976-00015215 um we had a few other sponsors they were
+6TMnUVwpM10-00073-00015216-00015415 in-kind sponsors one was network redux
+6TMnUVwpM10-00074-00015416-00015558 they did our awesome hosting thank you
+6TMnUVwpM10-00075-00015559-00015727 very much thomas i don't i haven't seen
+6TMnUVwpM10-00076-00015728-00015935 him yet today but
+6TMnUVwpM10-00077-00015936-00016103 yeah they hosted all of our website and
+6TMnUVwpM10-00078-00016104-00016247 everything was great
+6TMnUVwpM10-00079-00016247-00016535 we also had travel command they
+6TMnUVwpM10-00080-00016536-00016703 helped us with the hilton and they
+6TMnUVwpM10-00081-00016704-00016847 offered
+6TMnUVwpM10-00082-00016848-00017007 travel services for free to anybody at
+6TMnUVwpM10-00083-00017008-00017183 the conference i hope that somebody took
+6TMnUVwpM10-00084-00017184-00017311 advantage of that
+6TMnUVwpM10-00085-00017312-00017519 and we also have cube space
+6TMnUVwpM10-00086-00017520-00017735 i know that a lot of you here know about
+6TMnUVwpM10-00087-00017736-00017871 cube space
+6TMnUVwpM10-00088-00017872-00018094 yeah
+6TMnUVwpM10-00089-00018095-00018207 and we're
+6TMnUVwpM10-00090-00018208-00018439 we're sad that they closed last week but
+6TMnUVwpM10-00091-00018440-00018671 um over the last six months they played
+6TMnUVwpM10-00092-00018672-00018950 host to open source bridge meetings and
+6TMnUVwpM10-00093-00018951-00019199 they hosted two town halls for us um and
+6TMnUVwpM10-00094-00019200-00019327 they've really been
+6TMnUVwpM10-00095-00019328-00019583 the center of tech community here in
+6TMnUVwpM10-00096-00019584-00019799 portland hosting meetings
+6TMnUVwpM10-00097-00019800-00019991 bar camp
+6TMnUVwpM10-00098-00019992-00020135 several they're on conferences they're
+6TMnUVwpM10-00099-00020136-00020303 just really great and we're sad to see
+6TMnUVwpM10-00100-00020304-00021055 them go so thank you eva and david
+6TMnUVwpM10-00101-00021056-00021367 so um before i turn it over to amber and
+6TMnUVwpM10-00102-00021368-00021622 then kurt i wanted to take a minute to
+6TMnUVwpM10-00103-00021623-00021983 talk to you about you
+6TMnUVwpM10-00104-00021984-00022158 um these are some
+6TMnUVwpM10-00105-00022159-00022483 pictures of our speakers that that we
+6TMnUVwpM10-00106-00022484-00022783 collected um and if you look around this
+6TMnUVwpM10-00107-00022784-00022911 room right now
+6TMnUVwpM10-00108-00022912-00023183 um one in four of you are actually
+6TMnUVwpM10-00109-00023184-00023455 presenting at this conference this week
+6TMnUVwpM10-00110-00023456-00023647 so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00111-00023648-00023783 so you're rubbing elbows with the
+6TMnUVwpM10-00112-00023784-00023942 speaker right now
+6TMnUVwpM10-00113-00023943-00024039 um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00114-00024040-00024142 we have
+6TMnUVwpM10-00115-00024143-00024391 among our many distinguished guests we
+6TMnUVwpM10-00116-00024392-00024614 have ward cunningham who is the inventor
+6TMnUVwpM10-00117-00024615-00024847 of the wiki just so happy to have him
+6TMnUVwpM10-00118-00024848-00024950 here
+6TMnUVwpM10-00119-00024951-00025142 um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00120-00025143-00025278 you don't have to clap every time but
+6TMnUVwpM10-00121-00025279-00025575 thank you um and uh we have
+6TMnUVwpM10-00122-00025576-00025894 i know i asked for that um we uh we have
+6TMnUVwpM10-00123-00025895-00025983 uh
+6TMnUVwpM10-00124-00025983-00026246 the author of the first usb 3 driver
+6TMnUVwpM10-00125-00026247-00026470 which is for linux open source driver um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00126-00026472-00026662 that's sarah sharp she was just featured
+6TMnUVwpM10-00127-00026663-00026846 on in gadget last week was just so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00128-00026847-00026990 exciting
+6TMnUVwpM10-00129-00026991-00027087 we have
+6TMnUVwpM10-00130-00027088-00027255 rasmus who i mentioned earlier who
+6TMnUVwpM10-00131-00027256-00027567 erasmus laradorf who was the founder of
+6TMnUVwpM10-00132-00027568-00027735 the php project
+6TMnUVwpM10-00133-00027736-00027999 we have deb bryant who
+6TMnUVwpM10-00134-00028000-00028183 is from the osu
+6TMnUVwpM10-00135-00028183-00028358 open source lab
+6TMnUVwpM10-00136-00028360-00028655 which hosts many projects and
+6TMnUVwpM10-00137-00028656-00028887 they run gazcon the government and open
+6TMnUVwpM10-00138-00028888-00029087 source conference just a really neat
+6TMnUVwpM10-00139-00029088-00029318 organization that's uh here here in
+6TMnUVwpM10-00140-00029319-00029462 oregon
+6TMnUVwpM10-00141-00029463-00029743 anyway we we have lawyers we have
+6TMnUVwpM10-00142-00029744-00029958 managers we have sysadmins teachers
+6TMnUVwpM10-00143-00029960-00030167 business people just a whole lot of
+6TMnUVwpM10-00144-00030168-00030390 different folks who all work with with
+6TMnUVwpM10-00145-00030391-00030607 open source
+6TMnUVwpM10-00146-00030608-00031295 and we have one australian
+6TMnUVwpM10-00147-00031295-00031502 and i just wanted to some of you know
+6TMnUVwpM10-00148-00031503-00031718 about this we have our first non-human
+6TMnUVwpM10-00149-00031719-00031887 participant in the conference of
+6TMnUVwpM10-00150-00031888-00032190 spreadspot
+6TMnUVwpM10-00151-00032191-00032487 um i wanted to also point out that um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00152-00032488-00032718 one in three of our speakers this week
+6TMnUVwpM10-00153-00032719-00033399 are female and that happened
+6TMnUVwpM10-00154-00033400-00033599 um that happened because we we talked to
+6TMnUVwpM10-00155-00033600-00033862 all of our friends and we we asked them
+6TMnUVwpM10-00156-00033863-00034174 specifically to submit proposals um and
+6TMnUVwpM10-00157-00034175-00034351 yeah and it just turned out really well
+6TMnUVwpM10-00158-00034352-00034662 which is great
+6TMnUVwpM10-00159-00034663-00035083 17 of you are vegetarian
+6TMnUVwpM10-00160-00035084-00035390 nothing um and another question that we
+6TMnUVwpM10-00161-00035391-00035574 asked everyone when you were filling out
+6TMnUVwpM10-00162-00035575-00035767 your registration was how many how
+6TMnUVwpM10-00163-00035768-00035935 how many years have you been involved in
+6TMnUVwpM10-00164-00035936-00036190 open source 92 percent of you said more
+6TMnUVwpM10-00165-00036191-00036351 than one year
+6TMnUVwpM10-00166-00036352-00036679 uh 81 percent of you said more than
+6TMnUVwpM10-00167-00036680-00036887 three years
+6TMnUVwpM10-00168-00036888-00037023 43
+6TMnUVwpM10-00169-00037024-00037239 said more than seven years which i was i
+6TMnUVwpM10-00170-00037240-00037423 was really amazed at this actually which
+6TMnUVwpM10-00171-00037424-00037590 is pretty cool
+6TMnUVwpM10-00172-00037591-00037790 um and then we had this like more than
+6TMnUVwpM10-00173-00037791-00038023 11 years mark out there but 18 of you
+6TMnUVwpM10-00174-00038024-00038302 which turned out to be i think about 36
+6TMnUVwpM10-00175-00038303-00038439 people here
+6TMnUVwpM10-00176-00038440-00038567 have been involved in open source for
+6TMnUVwpM10-00177-00038568-00038839 more than 11 years which is pretty cool
+6TMnUVwpM10-00178-00038840-00039159 so then i did some calculations
+6TMnUVwpM10-00179-00039160-00039462 and i figured out that that was probably
+6TMnUVwpM10-00180-00039463-00039567 about
+6TMnUVwpM10-00181-00039568-00039911 1400 years of open source experience in
+6TMnUVwpM10-00182-00039912-00040055 this room
+6TMnUVwpM10-00183-00040056-00040543 so please take advantage of that
+6TMnUVwpM10-00184-00040544-00040735 so now that you know
+6TMnUVwpM10-00185-00040736-00040911 a little bit more about who you're here
+6TMnUVwpM10-00186-00040912-00041167 with you know what what can you do
+6TMnUVwpM10-00187-00041168-00041383 while you're here
+6TMnUVwpM10-00188-00041384-00041543 well what we really want out of this
+6TMnUVwpM10-00189-00041544-00041687 conference is for you all to be able to
+6TMnUVwpM10-00190-00041688-00041871 talk to each other
+6TMnUVwpM10-00191-00041872-00042055 everyone here is here to share an
+6TMnUVwpM10-00192-00042056-00042335 experience to learn from one another and
+6TMnUVwpM10-00193-00042336-00042623 hopefully hatch some new new plans new
+6TMnUVwpM10-00194-00042624-00042807 projects we really want to see that
+6TMnUVwpM10-00195-00042808-00042958 happen
+6TMnUVwpM10-00196-00042959-00043151 and i mentioned collaboration a little
+6TMnUVwpM10-00197-00043152-00043415 bit earlier and there's this guy david
+6TMnUVwpM10-00198-00043416-00043623 eames who describes collaboration as
+6TMnUVwpM10-00199-00043624-00043862 jointly solving problems
+6TMnUVwpM10-00200-00043863-00044015 and he said that the ability to
+6TMnUVwpM10-00201-00044016-00044215 collaborate is the thing that open
+6TMnUVwpM10-00202-00044216-00044479 source does best open source community
+6TMnUVwpM10-00203-00044480-00044623 does best
+6TMnUVwpM10-00204-00044624-00044799 and i i totally agree with that i think
+6TMnUVwpM10-00205-00044800-00044943 that this is something that we can
+6TMnUVwpM10-00206-00044944-00045087 export to the rest of the world that we
+6TMnUVwpM10-00207-00045088-00045343 can teach other people how to do
+6TMnUVwpM10-00208-00045344-00045558 which is how we manage to take these
+6TMnUVwpM10-00209-00045559-00045855 insanely complex problems and and write
+6TMnUVwpM10-00210-00045856-00046246 code together to to solve them so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00211-00046247-00046399 that's that's what we're hoping to get
+6TMnUVwpM10-00212-00046400-00046567 out of this um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00213-00046568-00046702 by the way i don't think i said my name
+6TMnUVwpM10-00214-00046703-00046790 in the morning my name is selena
+6TMnUVwpM10-00215-00046791-00046918 deckelman and i'm co-chair of this
+6TMnUVwpM10-00216-00046919-00047158 conference and right over here
+6TMnUVwpM10-00217-00047159-00047479 we have audrey ashwright who who also
+6TMnUVwpM10-00218-00047480-00047607 was here
+6TMnUVwpM10-00219-00047608-00047895 uh co-chair
+6TMnUVwpM10-00220-00047896-00047983 um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00221-00047984-00048295 so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00222-00048296-00048511 oops i wonder what i'm doing now this is
+6TMnUVwpM10-00223-00048512-00048983 almost up here
+6TMnUVwpM10-00224-00048984-00049335 i am talking to myself
+6TMnUVwpM10-00225-00049336-00049527 it does it does say hi neighbor but it's
+6TMnUVwpM10-00226-00049528-00049871 not coming up fail oh there we go
+6TMnUVwpM10-00227-00049872-00050151 win okay so um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00228-00050152-00050374 you guys were all talking to each other
+6TMnUVwpM10-00229-00050375-00050502 earlier which was so great it was so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00230-00050503-00050646 amazing just the energy i was sitting up
+6TMnUVwpM10-00231-00050647-00050767 here with amber and we were just talking
+6TMnUVwpM10-00232-00050768-00050983 about wow energy in this room is so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00233-00050984-00051183 great like people seem so excited and i
+6TMnUVwpM10-00234-00051184-00051390 i want you to all just take a minute
+6TMnUVwpM10-00235-00051391-00051630 right now to turn to your neighbor one
+6TMnUVwpM10-00236-00051632-00051782 of your neighbors you got to pick a side
+6TMnUVwpM10-00237-00051783-00051990 now this is the hardest part of this
+6TMnUVwpM10-00238-00051991-00052190 hardest part of this exercise
+6TMnUVwpM10-00239-00052191-00052263 and
+6TMnUVwpM10-00240-00052264-00052559 i want you i want you to share a problem
+6TMnUVwpM10-00241-00052560-00052719 share a problem that you want to solve
+6TMnUVwpM10-00242-00052720-00052926 so just just take a minute and look at
+6TMnUVwpM10-00243-00052927-00053119 the person there and tell them about a
+6TMnUVwpM10-00246-00064927-00066935 so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00247-00066936-00069287 uh
+6TMnUVwpM10-00248-00069288-00069543 okay so i'm gonna have to break in on
+6TMnUVwpM10-00249-00069544-00069726 everybody's great work that they're
+6TMnUVwpM10-00250-00069727-00069967 already doing you solved all the
+6TMnUVwpM10-00251-00069968-00070263 problems right it's all done now
+6TMnUVwpM10-00252-00070264-00070879 yeah we can go home we solve them all
+6TMnUVwpM10-00253-00070880-00071199 you guys are great well
+6TMnUVwpM10-00254-00071200-00071375 i hope i hope at least you started a
+6TMnUVwpM10-00255-00071376-00071591 conversation that you can finish finish
+6TMnUVwpM10-00256-00071592-00071831 in a little bit because yeah i the whole
+6TMnUVwpM10-00257-00071832-00072055 point of this for us is for us to meet
+6TMnUVwpM10-00258-00072056-00072319 people for you to meet people um yeah
+6TMnUVwpM10-00259-00072320-00072423 for us
+6TMnUVwpM10-00260-00072424-00072694 to become a tighter community so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00261-00072695-00072838 um i just had
+6TMnUVwpM10-00262-00072839-00073094 a couple announcements um speaking of
+6TMnUVwpM10-00263-00073095-00073319 sharing um we've hooked up the
+6TMnUVwpM10-00264-00073320-00073550 conference ware application to the wiki
+6TMnUVwpM10-00265-00073551-00073791 so if you go to any particular session
+6TMnUVwpM10-00266-00073792-00073943 there's a link now and if you click on
+6TMnUVwpM10-00267-00073944-00074119 it it will take you to a wiki page that
+6TMnUVwpM10-00268-00074120-00074311 you can create so if you're taking notes
+6TMnUVwpM10-00269-00074312-00074479 during any of the sessions please like
+6TMnUVwpM10-00270-00074480-00074703 upload them to the wiki um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00271-00074704-00074975 the wiki is there for you to edit uh so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00272-00074976-00075206 just add add whatever whatever content
+6TMnUVwpM10-00273-00075207-00075359 you want there
+6TMnUVwpM10-00274-00075360-00075599 um and one other note is we are actually
+6TMnUVwpM10-00275-00075600-00075871 live streaming this room
+6TMnUVwpM10-00276-00075872-00076103 for the next two days so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00277-00076104-00076247 if you just go to the front page of the
+6TMnUVwpM10-00278-00076248-00076406 site you'll see that so if you know
+6TMnUVwpM10-00279-00076407-00076535 there's some people that weren't able to
+6TMnUVwpM10-00280-00076536-00076631 make it
+6TMnUVwpM10-00281-00076632-00076782 if you have friends at home that wanted
+6TMnUVwpM10-00282-00076783-00076991 to come just send them send them to the
+6TMnUVwpM10-00283-00076992-00077150 front page and they can pick up the
+6TMnUVwpM10-00284-00077151-00077391 stream so
+6TMnUVwpM10-00285-00077392-00077615 that's all i had so um
+6TMnUVwpM10-00286-00077616-00077838 now i'm going to turn it over to amber
+6TMnUVwpM10-00287-00077839-00078047 and i'm going to let her get her laptop
+6TMnUVwpM10-00288-00078048-00078175 set up and then i'll introduce her real
+6TMnUVwpM10-00289-00078176-00078687 quick so thank you everybody
+6TMnUVwpM10-00290-00078688-00078895 you
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00000-00000016-00000247 well poison evelyn's got a point though
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00001-00000248-00000559 um dethroning101 says did [__] me yeah
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00002-00000560-00000807 it says it's right here yeah it says you
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00003-00000808-00001079 guys should [__] me
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00004-00001080-00001287 it's the bestseller you can't argue with
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00005-00001288-00001478 that i may act like i don't care if i
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00006-00001479-00001679 mess up but i feel awful every time and
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00007-00001680-00001791 i don't
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00008-00001792-00002039 but i feel awful every time and [__] me
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00009-00002039-00002239 and [__] me in the ads and [__] me again
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00010-00002240-00002423 but this time not in the ass but
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00011-00002424-00003235 somewhere else i don't know surprise me
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00012-00003236-00004127 [Laughter]
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00013-00004128-00004495 well i suppose we do all make mistakes
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00014-00004496-00004647 god knows i certainly have made a lot of
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00015-00004648-00004854 them in my time but i am a better pony
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00016-00004855-00005054 now i have learned from my mistakes [__]
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00017-00005055-00005215 me
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00018-00005216-00005543 well i suppose we do all make mistakes
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00019-00005544-00005727 uh god knows i certainly have made a lot
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00020-00005728-00005934 of them in my time but i am a better
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00021-00005935-00006151 pony now and [__] [__] [__] me but i
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00022-00006152-00006318 learned from them and i'm a better pony
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00023-00006319-00006591 now so
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00024-00006592-00006823 don't be silly purple star of course
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00025-00006823-00007006 poison apple is called purple star now
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00026-00007008-00007239 because i'm stupid oh don't worry poise
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00027-00007240-00007423 if you're just testing out my mud bad
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00028-00007423-00007663 [__] [__] [__] [__] [__] [__] [__]
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00029-00007664-00007863 oh don't worry poisy we're just testing
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00030-00007864-00008023 out my camouflage for when we kill hot
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00031-00008023-00008183 blood
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00032-00008184-00008399 oh don't worry poisy we're just testing
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00033-00008400-00008510 out my heart
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00034-00008511-00008703 we're just sitting on my homicide oh
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00035-00008704-00008895 don't worry poisy we're just sitting on
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00036-00008896-00009095 my public oh don't worry poisy we're
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00037-00009096-00009478 just testing out my cumberland well
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00038-00009479-00009710 we are on a budget
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00039-00009711-00011278 don't forget to stay too
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00040-00011279-00012551 what
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00042-00015913-00016950 [Music]
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00043-00016951-00017135 your idea of poisoning hot blood vessels
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00044-00017136-00017335 not earth is wunderbar but make sure to
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00045-00017336-00017422 please
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00046-00017423-00017686 your idea of poisoning pot platform i
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00047-00017687-00017911 agree if you make mistakes and doing so
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00048-00017912-00018079 wrong we can still learn in front of
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00049-00018080-00018558 baba i agree if he makes things and
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00050-00018559-00018758 since you want us to be so exact let's
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00051-00018759-00018911 make sure you look sexy enough in your
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00052-00018912-00019094 dress to seduce
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00053-00019095-00019247 let's make sure you look sexy enough in
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00054-00019248-00019430 your dress to seduce
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00055-00019431-00019735 tim burton for some reason i i do not
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00056-00019736-00019991 want an update computer
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00057-00019992-00020263 i have work to do i absolutely am you
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00058-00020264-00020471 that's a blur have you ever considered
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00059-00020472-00020878 me
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00060-00020879-00021127 yeah
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00061-00021128-00021278 if you maybe ever consider trying
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00062-00021279-00021447 another portion just always poison
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00063-00021448-00021807 tables
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00064-00021808-00022239 get out of my way window
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00065-00022240-00022486 well what's it gonna be then
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00066-00022487-00022957 i
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00067-00022958-00023903 [Music]
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00068-00023904-00024078 the but that's what the planning phase
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00069-00024079-00024255 is for we have to identify all of the
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00070-00024256-00024599 flaws oh no
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00071-00024600-00024767 that's not a very good argument don't
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00072-00024768-00024958 you think i think it's the best argument
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00073-00024959-00025303 i've ever had and you know it
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00074-00025304-00025542 oh my god you really think they're just
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00075-00025543-00025678 winging it is enough to accomplish
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00076-00025679-00025831 something that even the best of the best
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00077-00025832-00026022 have never been able to come blah blah
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00078-00026023-00026206 you really think that even
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00079-00026207-00026383 you really think that
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00080-00026383-00026551 you really think that just winging it is
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00081-00026552-00026655 enough to
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00082-00026656-00026831 you really think that just winging it is
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00083-00026832-00026999 enough to accomplish something
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00084-00027000-00027223 sexy enough why am i suddenly rainbow my
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00085-00027224-00027414 hands
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00086-00027416-00027599 that's probably why because i laughed
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00087-00027600-00027774 earlier all the way whereas is always
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00088-00027775-00028727 everywhere as everybody knows
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00089-00028727-00028951 we're all rainbow s there's a little bit
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00090-00028952-00029255 of framework inside all of us sexy
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00091-00029256-00029511 enough [__] [__] me
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00092-00029512-00029790 sexy enough great now [__] me
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00093-00029791-00029983 you're not taking this seriously at all
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00094-00029983-00030174 are you you're not taking this seriously
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00095-00030175-00030335 at all are you you're not taking this
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00096-00030336-00030558 seriously at all are you my whole family
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00097-00030560-00030711 has tried and failed to kill hotdog
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00098-00030712-00030943 countless
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00099-00030944-00031183 my whole family has tried and killed her
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00100-00031183-00031343 tried and failed to kill hot blood
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00101-00031344-00031567 countless times so i know best how to
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00102-00031568-00031783 how hard it will be my whole family has
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00103-00031783-00032007 tried and failed to kill hot pot hell my
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00104-00032008-00032414 whole family
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00105-00032416-00032639 my whole family has tried and failed to
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00106-00032639-00032895 kill hot plus cowboy my whole family has
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00107-00032896-00033087 tried and killed my whole family has
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00108-00033088-00033311 tried and killed to kill what my whole
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00109-00033312-00033495 family has tried and failed to kill hot
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00110-00033496-00033735 butts count blah [__] my whole family
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00111-00033736-00033935 has tried and failed to kill out most of
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00112-00033936-00034190 that [__] my whole paper
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00113-00034191-00034295 [__]
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00114-00034296-00034479 okay my whole family has tried and
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00115-00034480-00034679 killed to [__] [__]
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00116-00034680-00034862 my whole family has tried and failed to
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00117-00034863-00035095 kill hot plus cattle my whole family has
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00118-00035096-00035318 tried to kill trump let's try to fail to
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00119-00035319-00035535 kill up about countless times gerardo a
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00120-00035536-00035871 better for why is she always saving
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00121-00035872-00037518 accent
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00122-00037519-00037711 my whole family has tried and failed to
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00123-00037712-00037959 kill hot plus caliber hot plus [__] my
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00124-00037960-00038118 whole family has tried and failed to
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00125-00038119-00038327 kill hot blood countless times so god
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00126-00038328-00038502 the [__] [__]
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00127-00038503-00038695 hot blood doesn't even sound real
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00128-00038696-00039046 anymore oh yeah
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00129-00039047-00039262 my point is don't encourage her floss
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00130-00039263-00039502 but do encourage her to floss rainbow as
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00131-00039503-00039767 always make sure to remind me every day
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00132-00039768-00039990 before i go to bed that i should brush
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00133-00039991-00040295 my teeth and floss and you know i really
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00134-00040296-00040487 appreciate that because
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00135-00040488-00040727 i know she's looking out for me and you
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00136-00040728-00040943 know we all need friends like that
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00137-00040944-00041158 however because i'm sleeping here
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00138-00041159-00041455 tonight she didn't tell me and
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00139-00041456-00041695 just then i realized how much i actually
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00140-00041696-00042007 missed it and um i don't know where she
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00141-00042008-00042311 is right now but you know i wish her the
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00142-00042312-00042543 best because honestly i know she can get
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00143-00042544-00042783 really annoying and invasive and all
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00144-00042784-00042918 that but
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00145-00042919-00043143 you know in the end she's a very caring
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00146-00043144-00043343 friend and you don't have many people
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00147-00043344-00043630 like that around i i think rainbow s is
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00148-00043631-00043846 probably the best friend i've ever had
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00149-00043847-00044102 i'm so lucky to know her you know i just
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00150-00044103-00044327 remembering right now it was that one
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00151-00044328-00044583 time in school you know i didn't do my
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00152-00044584-00044823 homework because i was busy with you
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00153-00044824-00045135 know poison and apples so i asked her if
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00154-00045136-00045407 she would let me copy her homework and
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00155-00045408-00045662 she said no but you know what she said
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00156-00045663-00045902 instead she offered me to do them
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00157-00045903-00046271 together and help me through it so that
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00158-00046272-00046607 i would not only be done faster but also
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00159-00046608-00046862 understand the subject matter better and
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00160-00046863-00047118 it's thanks to her that i that i have a
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00161-00047119-00047430 phd in math
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00162-00047431-00047662 i didn't know you had a phd that alone
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00163-00047663-00047855 in math what you thought i was just some
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00164-00047856-00048239 stupid farm girl nah i uh i majored in
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00165-00048240-00048599 medicine i got a phd in math and i even
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00166-00048600-00048871 won a nobel prize once you know was my
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00167-00048872-00049143 first ever award my last ever award was
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00168-00049144-00049311 the one from the annual apple
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00169-00049312-00049671 appreciation hours
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00170-00049672-00049823 actually now that i think about it i
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00171-00049824-00050007 don't think i actually won that one i
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00172-00050008-00050286 just kind of took it
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00173-00050287-00050518 uh i should probably return it it's
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00174-00050519-00050815 weird i i thought it was the drugs but
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00175-00050816-00051055 um the trophy is talking i mean it
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00176-00051056-00051287 hasn't been talking for like a month i
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00177-00051288-00051454 think i've been keeping it in my barn
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00178-00051455-00051542 you know i don't know maybe the
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00179-00051544-00051702 battery's hard or something but it's a
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00180-00051703-00051879 weird thing like making a trophy that
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00181-00051879-00052087 can talk and all whatever says it's like
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00182-00052088-00052447 help help i'm in the barn please save me
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00183-00052448-00052703 yeah you know it's really silly well
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00184-00052704-00052854 like i said it hadn't it hadn't been
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00185-00052855-00053135 talking for a while but yeah
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00186-00053136-00053382 but yeah i have a phd i have three
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00187-00053383-00053599 doctor titles yeah like i i never bring
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00188-00053600-00053830 it up because i i don't like dragon but
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00189-00053832-00054087 my actual actual full title is doctor
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00190-00054088-00054399 doctor dr uh poison apple
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00191-00054400-00054671 what did you get three doctor titles in
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00192-00054672-00054903 well one of them is uh linguistics is
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00193-00054904-00055087 why i can talk to you in german the
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00194-00055088-00055366 other one is um i always forget what
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00195-00055367-00055599 they call it it was something with um
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00196-00055600-00055791 chemical engineering you know and the
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00197-00055791-00055942 last one
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00198-00055944-00056135 i seriously have no idea what that one's
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00199-00056136-00056382 for how did you get a doctor title if
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00200-00056383-00056599 you didn't know what subject it was for
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00201-00056600-00056726 i don't know must have gotten it while i
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00202-00056727-00056854 was under under the influence of the
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00203-00056855-00057079 drugs i don't remember i mean it also
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00204-00057079-00057326 was something with chemistry but i'm
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00205-00057327-00057600 breaking bad remembrance of
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00206-00057601-00058047 [Music]
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00207-00058048-00058238 i've been recording for one and a half
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00208-00058239-00058471 hours now my point is chop that you
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00209-00058472-00058671 don't get it butterfly bud butterfly
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00210-00058672-00058903 body isn't here
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00211-00058904-00059119 you don't get it butterflip [__] we need
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00212-00059120-00059279 to destroy the tree before it turns into
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00213-00059279-00059447 a radioactive power plant it destroys
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00214-00059448-00059559 the
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00215-00059560-00059703 we need to destroy the tree before it
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00216-00059704-00059871 turns into a blah blah we need to
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00217-00059872-00060015 destroy the tree before it turns into a
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00218-00060016-00061430 radioactive power plug
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00219-00061432-00061599 you really think that just winging it is
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00220-00061600-00061935 enough to accomplish no them
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00221-00061936-00062166 not now many lieber if i stop now i'll
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00222-00062167-00062423 lose my creator flow it is time that i
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00223-00062424-00062654 kill purple star anthony it is time that
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00224-00062655-00062950 i kill purple star vice verse vice verse
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00225-00062951-00063103 vice versa vice versa vice versa vice
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00226-00063104-00063359 first vice verse vice verse vice verse
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00227-00063360-00063542 vice versa spice first vice versa rice
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00228-00063544-00063775 first reinhardt why not rain hard but
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00229-00063776-00064279 that's all in the past isn't it
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00230-00064279-00064799 well i suppose we did that
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00231-00064800-00064973 um
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00232-00064974-00067350 [Music]
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00233-00067351-00067559 hmm god knows i certainly have made a
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00234-00067560-00067687 lot of myths
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00235-00067688-00067967 oh god no so much about oh god you think
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00236-00067968-00068150 what would have happened if you did
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00237-00068151-00068319 pardon my german but what the [__] did
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00238-00068320-00068575 you do that for all right we got it all
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00239-00068576-00069479 we got it all we
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00240-00069480-00069735 that is the last recording in this booth
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00241-00069736-00070071 in this house here comes rush
+6UEVDV1NHcY-00242-00070072-00070383 i ate cookies
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00000-00002759-00003079 ok so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00001-00003080-00003238 what we need to discuss now is analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00002-00003239-00003479 continuation ok so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00003-00003479-00003590 the first thing that i am going to talk
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00004-00003592-00003751 about is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00005-00003752-00003919 what is called as
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00006-00003920-00004222 analytic extension ok so let me explain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00007-00004223-00004502 this analytic extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00008-00004503-00005486 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00009-00005487-00005631 so what is this notion of analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00010-00005632-00005743 extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00011-00005744-00006134 see the the idea is that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00012-00006135-00006406 to give an analytic function okay there
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00013-00006408-00006527 are many ways
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00014-00006528-00006742 all right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00015-00006743-00006870 of course i am considering an analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00016-00006872-00007087 function on a domain which is an open
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00017-00007088-00007278 connected set of the complex plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00018-00007279-00007391 all right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00019-00007392-00007503 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00020-00007504-00007695 to an analytic function can be given by
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00021-00007695-00007927 a formula or it can be given by a power
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00022-00007928-00008191 series all right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00023-00008192-00008414 or it can even be given as the integral
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00024-00008415-00008574 of a function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00025-00008575-00008719 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00026-00008720-00008839 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00027-00008840-00008983 there are so many ways
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00028-00008984-00009255 all right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00029-00009256-00009351 now
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00030-00009352-00009678 ah but the prob the problem is that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00031-00009679-00009751 if
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00032-00009752-00009919 an analytic function is given in a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00033-00009920-00010191 certain way say it is given
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00034-00010192-00010383 ah by a power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00035-00010384-00010495 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00036-00010496-00010687 centered at a point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00037-00010688-00010814 of course you know that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00038-00010815-00011014 the power series will converge
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00039-00011015-00011127 in
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00040-00011128-00011487 the disk of convergence okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00041-00011488-00011663 but outside the disk of convergence what
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00042-00011664-00011831 happens you do not know
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00043-00011832-00011974 all right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00044-00011975-00012142 similarly you may i may give an analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00045-00012143-00012495 function by a formula
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00046-00012496-00012767 or by some properties
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00047-00012768-00012943 in a domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00048-00012944-00013175 i do not know whether
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00049-00013176-00013343 that formula will hold outside the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00050-00013344-00013447 domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00051-00013447-00013527 okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00052-00013528-00013775 or whether it will define a proper
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00053-00013776-00013927 defined analytic function outside the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00054-00013928-00014103 domain ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00055-00014104-00014558 so the the question of trying to see
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00056-00014559-00014743 how far
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00057-00014744-00014863 this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00058-00014863-00015086 you can find an analytic function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00059-00015087-00015238 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00060-00015240-00015391 how far means on
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00061-00015391-00015735 a largest possible open set on which you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00062-00015736-00015855 can define this analytic function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00063-00015856-00016215 largest possible open connected set okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00064-00016216-00016430 that is a question that we first need to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00065-00016431-00016647 understand okay so you know i will give
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00066-00016648-00016871 you an example
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00067-00016872-00017303 so you see so let me say this ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00068-00017304-00017535 so the analytic extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00069-00017536-00017743 the other word i would like to use is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00070-00017744-00017855 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00071-00017856-00018111 direct
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00072-00018112-00018422 analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00073-00018423-00018991 continuation
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00074-00018992-00019111 this is the other word i would like to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00075-00019112-00019191 use
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00076-00019192-00019343 and what is this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00077-00019344-00019430 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00078-00019431-00019599 you see
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00079-00019600-00020071 start with
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00080-00020072-00020191 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00081-00020192-00020511 a pair
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00082-00020512-00020719 d comma f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00083-00020720-00020975 where
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00084-00020976-00021111 d in c
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00085-00021112-00021486 is a domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00086-00021487-00021719 which means it is an open connected set
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00087-00021720-00021927 of course non empty
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00088-00021928-00022030 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00089-00022031-00022103 f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00090-00022104-00022183 from
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00091-00022184-00022430 f is a function that is defined on t it
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00092-00022431-00022614 is a complete value valued function and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00093-00022615-00023278 its analytic auntie ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00094-00023279-00023927 analytic or holomorphic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00095-00023928-00024142 ok start with the start of the pair like
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00096-00024143-00024599 this okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00097-00024600-00024863 we say
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00098-00024864-00025414 that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00099-00025415-00026150 another such pair
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00100-00026151-00026487 d prime comma f prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00101-00026488-00026655 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00102-00026656-00027007 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00103-00027008-00027118 is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00104-00027119-00027414 a direct
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00105-00027416-00028270 analytic continuation
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00106-00028272-00028423 are
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00107-00028424-00029183 analytic extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00108-00029183-00029318 of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00109-00029319-00029783 the original pair d comma f if
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00110-00029783-00030087 f restricted to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00111-00030088-00030502 if
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00112-00030503-00031639 d and d prime intersect
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00113-00031639-00031999 t and d prime intersect and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00114-00032000-00032223 f restricted to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00115-00032224-00032511 f restricted to d intersection d prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00116-00032512-00032687 is equal to f prime restricted to d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00117-00032688-00032839 intersection d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00118-00032840-00032990 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00119-00032991-00033462 so ah so the roughly
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00120-00033463-00033583 one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00121-00033584-00033839 picture that you can think of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00122-00033840-00034046 but of course it is not the best picture
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00123-00034047-00034190 because i am in this picture i am only
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00124-00034191-00034335 considering bounded domains which is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00125-00034336-00034599 simply connected
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00126-00034600-00034679 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00127-00034680-00034895 you know this may be
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00128-00034896-00035135 a domain d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00129-00035136-00035287 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00130-00035288-00035495 on which you have
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00131-00035496-00035751 you have function f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00132-00035752-00036071 with values in the complex plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00133-00036072-00036223 and well
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00134-00036224-00036367 and this side of course is the complex
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00135-00036368-00036559 plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00136-00036560-00036855 and you may have another domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00137-00036856-00037095 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00138-00037096-00037351 d prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00139-00037352-00037607 and i would have an
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00140-00037608-00037783 analytic function f prime defined or d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00141-00037784-00038015 prime d prime and the condition is that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00142-00038016-00038095 where
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00143-00038096-00038502 d and d prime do meet
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00144-00038503-00038743 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00145-00038744-00038887 in the intersection
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00146-00038888-00039190 which is also an open set
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00147-00039191-00039446 f restricted to d intersection d prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00148-00039447-00039599 is the same as f prime restricted to d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00149-00039600-00039774 intersection d prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00150-00039775-00040023 we say that ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00151-00040024-00040159 the par
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00152-00040160-00040343 d prime comma f prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00153-00040344-00040502 is a direct analytic continuation of the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00154-00040503-00040662 pair d comma f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00155-00040663-00040918 ok and of course you can see that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00156-00040919-00041158 it is also the same as saying that d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00157-00041159-00041423 comma f is a direct analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00158-00041424-00041671 continuation of d prime comma f prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00159-00041672-00041855 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00160-00041856-00041935 why
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00161-00041936-00042183 what is so special about this this the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00162-00042184-00042358 thing that special about this is that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00163-00042359-00042502 these two
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00164-00042503-00042639 functions
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00165-00042640-00042815 ah glue together
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00166-00042816-00042974 to give an analytic function on the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00167-00042975-00043087 union
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00168-00043088-00043255 okay so what you can do is you can
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00169-00043256-00043367 define
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00170-00043368-00043567 g
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00171-00043568-00043646 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00172-00043647-00043887 so in this case
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00173-00043888-00044015 in
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00174-00044016-00044439 in such a case
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00175-00044440-00044687 define
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00176-00044688-00045127 g from the union
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00177-00045128-00045271 to c
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00178-00045272-00045399 by
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00179-00045400-00045558 t restricted to d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00180-00045559-00045743 is equal to f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00181-00045744-00045999 and g restricted to d prime is equal to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00182-00046000-00046174 f prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00183-00046175-00046486 you define it like this this definition
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00184-00046487-00046662 makes sense because
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00185-00046663-00046774 if you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00186-00046775-00046999 go to d intersection d prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00187-00047000-00047302 g restricted to d intersection d prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00188-00047303-00047527 will be f residual d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00189-00047528-00047902 intersection d prime and g restricted to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00190-00047903-00048062 d intersection d prime will also be
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00191-00048063-00048207 equal to f prime restricted to d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00192-00048208-00048415 intersection d prime but they are only
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00193-00048416-00048623 the same because of this condition
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00194-00048624-00048879 ok so this is just the gluing condition
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00195-00048880-00049215 it tells you that the function f and the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00196-00049216-00049399 function f prime they give one and the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00197-00049400-00049535 same analytic function on the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00198-00049536-00049679 intersection
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00199-00049680-00049879 okay and the intersection is non empty
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00200-00049880-00049983 right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00201-00049984-00050086 and what
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00202-00050087-00050286 we say that g is obtained by glowing f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00203-00050287-00050462 and f prime ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00204-00050463-00050662 we say
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00205-00050663-00050918 we see that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00206-00050919-00051302 g is analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00207-00051303-00051550 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00208-00051551-00051935 we say
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00209-00051936-00052119 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00210-00052120-00052382 that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00211-00052383-00052830 g is obtained
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00212-00052832-00053150 by gluing
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00213-00053151-00053282 f and f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00214-00053283-00053438 prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00215-00053439-00053687 along
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00216-00053688-00054079 d intersection table
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00217-00054079-00054223 so you have just glued the functions
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00218-00054224-00054471 together to give you you have two so you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00219-00054472-00054694 got two open sets and you got
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00220-00054695-00054911 ah two functions defined respectively on
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00221-00054912-00055063 those two open sets and what you have
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00222-00055064-00055207 done is you have put those functions
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00223-00055208-00055311 together
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00224-00055312-00055463 to get a function on the union of the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00225-00055464-00055591 two open sets
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00226-00055591-00055830 and it makes sense because they coincide
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00227-00055832-00055975 on the intersection
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00228-00055976-00056094 all right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00229-00056095-00056263 and of course analyticity is not an
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00230-00056264-00056415 issue because analyticity is locally
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00231-00056416-00056519 defined
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00232-00056520-00056671 this function g is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00233-00056672-00056879 on on this set if you if you take a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00234-00056879-00057054 point in the union the point has to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00235-00057055-00057342 either lie on in this set or in this set
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00236-00057344-00057582 and if it lies in this set then g is the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00237-00057583-00057766 same as f and f is analytic so g is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00238-00057767-00057903 analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00239-00057904-00058111 if the point is on this set
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00240-00058112-00058199 then
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00241-00058200-00058407 g is f prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00242-00058408-00058487 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00243-00058488-00058750 again it is analytic so g is analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00244-00058751-00058975 because analyticity is a local property
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00245-00058976-00059159 ok so this g that you have defined is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00246-00059160-00059415 analytical right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00247-00059416-00059575 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00248-00059576-00059799 now
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00249-00059800-00059982 the point is that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00250-00059983-00060591 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00251-00060591-00060854 so so this is a very simple concept all
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00252-00060855-00060926 right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00253-00060927-00061230 but the point is that the way in which
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00254-00061232-00061638 f is defined
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00255-00061639-00061766 may
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00256-00061767-00061887 may be very different from the way in
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00257-00061888-00062079 which f prime is defined
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00258-00062079-00062279 ok so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00259-00062279-00062406 in other words i am saying whenever you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00260-00062407-00062591 want to specify a pair d comma f or d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00261-00062591-00062791 prime comma f prime you are trying to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00262-00062791-00062935 specify an analytic function on an open
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00263-00062936-00063191 set ok but that can be given in many
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00264-00063191-00063359 different ways you can do for example an
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00265-00063360-00063471 identity function can be given as a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00266-00063472-00063566 power series because you know power
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00267-00063567-00063759 series is an analytic function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00268-00063760-00063926 okay it can be given
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00269-00063927-00064087 ah by a formula
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00270-00064088-00064303 all right involving say some standard
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00271-00064304-00064482 functions like
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00272-00064483-00064647 polynomials uh is the standard
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00273-00064648-00064791 trigonometric inverse trigonometry
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00274-00064791-00065023 exponential logarithmic functions okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00275-00065024-00065326 or it can be also given by an integral
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00276-00065327-00065471 of an analytic some other analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00277-00065472-00065582 function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00278-00065583-00065726 all right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00279-00065727-00066015 with the variable variable being
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00280-00066016-00066223 the upper
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00281-00066224-00066406 the end point of the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00282-00066407-00066599 path of integration which starts from
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00283-00066600-00066767 fixed point in the domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00284-00066768-00066967 provided the integral is well defined
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00285-00066968-00067094 okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00286-00067095-00067191 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00287-00067192-00067303 there are different ways of defining the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00288-00067304-00067431 analytic function now the problem is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00289-00067432-00067511 that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00290-00067512-00067694 ah from the way in which analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00291-00067695-00067831 function is defined
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00292-00067832-00068119 its not its not at all sometimes its not
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00293-00068120-00068271 very easy at all
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00294-00068272-00068682 to guess that it really
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00295-00068683-00068894 extends ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00296-00068895-00069271 to a region beyond which it is defined
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00297-00069272-00069350 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00298-00069351-00069567 so i i'll give you an example so the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00299-00069568-00069711 point is that you know
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00300-00069712-00069847 the first question is if you give me a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00301-00069848-00069926 pair
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00302-00069927-00070055 can you find
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00303-00070056-00070294 an analytic extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00304-00070295-00070550 a direct analytic continuation for that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00305-00070551-00070782 in a domain which is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00306-00070783-00070935 which contains points different from the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00307-00070936-00071062 original domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00308-00071063-00071287 ok so the problem is suppose i start
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00309-00071288-00071511 with the pair d comma f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00310-00071512-00071726 namely analytic function on the domain d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00311-00071727-00071935 my question is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00312-00071936-00072167 ah can i find a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00313-00072168-00072303 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00314-00072304-00072479 can i extend it to an analytic function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00315-00072480-00072623 on a bigger set
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00316-00072624-00072782 so in this case you know what has
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00317-00072783-00073015 happened is both d comma f and d prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00318-00073016-00073350 comma f prime have been extended to g
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00319-00073351-00073535 on the union d prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00320-00073536-00073775 ok so the question is therefore the idea
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00321-00073776-00074175 is therefore to try to see
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00322-00074176-00074294 if at all
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00323-00074295-00074550 there is a largest open set on which you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00324-00074551-00074775 can extend it ok that is the first
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00325-00074776-00074943 question the second question is on the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00326-00074944-00075175 largest open set the new function that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00327-00075176-00075279 you get
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00328-00075280-00075471 can you describe it in some way
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00329-00075472-00075694 ok thats the question
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00330-00075695-00075950 so ah to just to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00331-00075951-00076223 tell you the kind of things
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00332-00076224-00076431 the myriad things that happen so i will
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00333-00076432-00077023 give you an example
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00334-00077024-00077279 so you know
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00335-00077280-00077438 the first example is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00336-00077439-00077735 rather very interesting
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00337-00077736-00077871 so take
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00338-00077872-00078071 take take
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00339-00078072-00078326 d to be the set of all
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00340-00078327-00078399 z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00341-00078400-00078567 such that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00342-00078568-00078735 mod z less than one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00343-00078736-00078919 is unit disk
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00344-00078920-00078999 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00345-00079000-00079303 and take f of z to be
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00346-00079304-00079447 one plus z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00347-00079448-00079671 plus z squared
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00348-00079672-00079926 plus z cube
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00349-00079927-00080143 the geometric series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00350-00080144-00080367 ok you take the function and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00351-00080368-00080735 take the geometric series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00352-00080736-00080879 now
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00353-00080880-00080967 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00354-00080968-00081167 you know that f of z this is a power
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00355-00081168-00081319 series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00356-00081320-00081503 centered at z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00357-00081504-00081750 ok so if i draw a diagram my situation
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00358-00081751-00082111 is like this so here is unit disc
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00359-00082112-00082559 so i have unit disc
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00360-00082560-00082682 so this is my
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00361-00082683-00082935 d and here is this function which is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00362-00082936-00083111 given by power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00363-00083112-00083255 you know the radius of convergence of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00364-00083256-00083431 that power series is one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00365-00083432-00083526 all right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00366-00083527-00083735 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00367-00083736-00083903 therefore
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00368-00083904-00084150 inside the disk of convergence
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00369-00084151-00084350 ok the risk of convergence in this case
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00370-00084351-00084518 is the unit disc
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00371-00084519-00084687 the region inside
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00372-00084688-00084847 this unit circle
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00373-00084848-00084959 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00374-00084960-00085159 there you know the power inside the disc
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00375-00085160-00085375 of convergence the power series always
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00376-00085376-00085638 represents an analytic function and what
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00377-00085639-00085750 is the analytic function that it
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00378-00085751-00085967 represents it is that analytic function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00379-00085968-00086206 for which if you write out
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00380-00086207-00086526 the taylor series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00381-00086527-00086759 expansion at the center of that disk you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00382-00086760-00086967 will get back the power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00383-00086968-00087223 so this is an analytic function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00384-00087224-00087462 okay for this analytic function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00385-00087463-00087599 if you again try to write the taylor
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00386-00087600-00087799 expansion at 0 you will get back the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00387-00087800-00087975 series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00388-00087976-00088062 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00389-00088063-00088238 i am just saying that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00390-00088239-00088575 the if you start with the power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00391-00088576-00088703 okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00392-00088704-00088815 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00393-00088816-00089143 centered at a point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00394-00089144-00089326 then inside the disc of convergence
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00395-00089327-00089559 around about that point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00396-00089560-00089718 the power series represent an analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00397-00089719-00089879 function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00398-00089880-00090015 for that analytic function if you write
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00399-00090016-00090247 the taylor series about that point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00400-00090248-00090406 you will again get back the power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00401-00090407-00090679 because the power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00402-00090680-00090879 this is the statement that you often see
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00403-00090880-00091006 in a first course in complex analysis
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00404-00091007-00091118 which says that power series are
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00405-00091119-00091238 analytic functions
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00406-00091239-00091399 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00407-00091400-00091494 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00408-00091495-00091815 the proof is essentially the fact that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00409-00091816-00092031 the power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00410-00092032-00092311 if you take a disks which is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00411-00092312-00092591 if you take a disk closed disk which is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00412-00092592-00092791 contained inside the disk of convergence
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00413-00092792-00093015 the power series converges uniformly and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00414-00093016-00093223 absolutely
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00415-00093224-00093679 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00416-00093680-00093871 and in fact
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00417-00093872-00094191 therefore
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00418-00094192-00094350 what will happen
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00419-00094351-00094543 is that it can be it can be
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00420-00094544-00094767 differentiated infinitely many times
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00421-00094768-00094935 and the differential and every time you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00422-00094936-00095079 differentiate it the new power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00423-00095080-00095182 will also have the same radius of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00424-00095183-00095343 conversions
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00425-00095344-00095599 the fact that you can differentiate it
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00426-00095600-00095782 tells you there is analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00427-00095783-00096111 that is why power series aromatic ok so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00428-00096112-00096279 so here is an example so here is my
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00429-00096280-00096415 power series and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00430-00096416-00096655 now now the point is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00431-00096656-00096871 so here is my pair d comma f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00432-00096872-00097103 all right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00433-00097104-00097199 now
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00434-00097200-00097343 you you know
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00435-00097344-00097494 you can easily guess
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00436-00097495-00097726 that there is a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00437-00097727-00097862 ah you know
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00438-00097863-00098087 there is a way to extend this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00439-00098088-00098247 okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00440-00098248-00098399 there is a way to extend this because
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00441-00098400-00098743 you know that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00442-00098744-00098943 this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00443-00098944-00099135 if you consider
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00444-00099136-00099382 now you consider
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00445-00099383-00099494 d prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00446-00099495-00099638 to be the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00447-00099639-00099894 plane minus the point one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00448-00099895-00100118 and you consider f prime i think f prime
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00449-00100119-00100287 is a very bad notation so let me use d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00450-00100288-00100438 one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00451-00100439-00100582 f one is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00452-00100583-00100711 well
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00453-00100712-00100831 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00454-00100832-00101231 one by one minus z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00455-00101232-00101431 ok you take this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00456-00101432-00101567 now this function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00457-00101568-00101671 f one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00458-00101672-00101918 ah is certainly analytic on
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00459-00101919-00102126 ah though see this is a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00460-00102127-00102343 this is ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00461-00102344-00102542 just a reciprocal of a polynomial and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00462-00102543-00102694 you know reciprocal of a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00463-00102695-00102823 polynomial is of course an analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00464-00102824-00102958 function everywhere it is an entire
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00465-00102959-00103086 function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00466-00103088-00103318 and a receive the reciprocal of an
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00467-00103319-00103494 entire analytic function will also
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00468-00103495-00103639 continue to be analytic so long as the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00469-00103640-00103839 denominator does not vanish and the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00470-00103840-00104023 denominator vanishes only at z equal to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00471-00104024-00104134 one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00472-00104135-00104471 all right so this so far as so long as z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00473-00104472-00104630 is not equal to one this is an analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00474-00104631-00104847 function so here is another pair
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00475-00104848-00105278 and the fact is that these two this pair
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00476-00105279-00105575 is a direct analytic extension of this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00477-00105576-00105695 because you know
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00478-00105696-00105878 for one by one minus z if you take this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00479-00105879-00106158 function and try to write out the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00480-00106159-00106334 power series at the origin you will get
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00481-00106335-00106575 x by exactly geometric series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00482-00106576-00106758 which is which you know as
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00483-00106759-00106966 you you write one by one minus z as one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00484-00106967-00107143 minus z to the minus one and then you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00485-00107144-00107302 use binomial theorem and expand it you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00486-00107303-00107478 get the geometric series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00487-00107479-00107734 one minus z to the minus one is one plus
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00488-00107735-00107871 z plus z square thats what i have
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00489-00107872-00108078 written so you can see that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00490-00108079-00108383 d 1 comma f 1
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00491-00108383-00108527 is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00492-00108528-00108702 an analytic extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00493-00108703-00109166 or direct analytic continuation
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00494-00109167-00109334 of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00495-00109335-00109607 d comma f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00496-00109608-00109790 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00497-00109791-00109863 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00498-00109864-00110054 the point is that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00499-00110055-00110263 its its rather what is really
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00500-00110264-00110575 mysterious is the following
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00501-00110576-00110807 see if you consider the functional form
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00502-00110808-00111310 as given by a power by the power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00503-00111311-00111495 in this form
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00504-00111496-00111775 the function does not live at any point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00505-00111776-00111951 on the boundary
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00506-00111952-00112110 ok because you know if you take any
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00507-00112111-00112254 point on the boundary
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00508-00112255-00112510 it will be of the form e power i theta
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00509-00112511-00112678 it will be a complex number of modulus
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00510-00112679-00112758 one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00511-00112759-00112895 so it will be of the form e power i
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00512-00112896-00113071 theta
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00513-00113072-00113223 for theta real
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00514-00113224-00113534 ok but of course theta is this angle
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00515-00113535-00113790 if you want
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00516-00113791-00114023 all right and if i plug in e power i
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00517-00114024-00114199 theta into this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00518-00114200-00114358 series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00519-00114359-00114607 then the nth term is e power i n theta
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00520-00114608-00114799 its modulus is 1.
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00521-00114800-00114927 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00522-00114928-00115158 if i evaluate this power series set
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00523-00115159-00115423 at any boundary point of the circle
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00524-00115424-00115751 the nth term always has mod one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00525-00115752-00115895 therefore the nth term does not go to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00526-00115896-00116031 zero
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00527-00116032-00116127 and if
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00528-00116128-00116286 you know for a numerical series the nth
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00529-00116288-00116431 term does not go to zero it cannot
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00530-00116432-00116599 converge
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00531-00116600-00116807 a necessary condition for a power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00532-00116808-00116943 to converge is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00533-00116944-00117086 a necessary condition for a numerical
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00534-00117088-00117239 series to converge is that the nth term
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00535-00117240-00117415 should go to zero
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00536-00117416-00117702 okay so this tells you that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00537-00117703-00118015 this this power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00538-00118016-00118231 does not leave even on the boundary
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00539-00118232-00118447 it lives strictly inside
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00540-00118448-00118727 ok its life is only inside
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00541-00118728-00118871 even on the boundary it does not make
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00542-00118872-00118990 sense
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00543-00118991-00119151 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00544-00119152-00119319 but notice
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00545-00119320-00119399 that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00546-00119400-00119631 this is equal to this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00547-00119632-00119807 which leaves everywhere
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00548-00119808-00120023 except the point one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00549-00120024-00120214 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00550-00120215-00120366 one by one minus z of course lives
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00551-00120367-00120566 everywhere except for z equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00552-00120567-00120702 because z equal to one is a pole of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00553-00120703-00120902 order one its a simple pull
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00554-00120903-00121023 it is a zero of order one of the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00555-00121024-00121239 denominator of the function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00556-00121240-00121366 right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00557-00121367-00121654 so the model story is that if i give you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00558-00121655-00121727 a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00559-00121728-00121910 if you give if i give you an analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00560-00121911-00122151 function in a certain in a certain way
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00561-00122152-00122286 the way i have defined the analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00562-00122288-00122399 function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00563-00122400-00122607 may restrict it
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00564-00122608-00122751 from
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00565-00122752-00122895 extending
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00566-00122896-00123007 you know
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00567-00123008-00123327 in in the form i have given it to you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00568-00123328-00123447 beyond the region
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00569-00123448-00123575 that i have given
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00570-00123576-00123799 so i cannot expect this this power
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00571-00123800-00123919 series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00572-00123920-00124143 to extend even to the to any point on
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00573-00124144-00124327 the unit circle
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00574-00124328-00124486 okay but that does not mean that the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00575-00124488-00124783 analytic function does not extend
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00576-00124783-00124943 analytic function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00577-00124944-00125127 as a function is actually one by one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00578-00125128-00125366 minus it it extends
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00579-00125367-00125558 the problem is with
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00580-00125559-00125719 trying to only look at it as a power
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00581-00125720-00125863 series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00582-00125864-00126047 it is a the power series has limited
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00583-00126048-00126214 life
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00584-00126215-00126414 only on the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00585-00126415-00126654 interior of the unit disk
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00586-00126655-00126823 but it does so what you must understand
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00587-00126824-00126919 is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00588-00126920-00127110 so what is it that is happening i have
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00589-00127111-00127310 this power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00590-00127311-00127483 that certainly gives me an analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00591-00127483-00127719 function but just because the power
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00592-00127720-00127958 series has a life only
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00593-00127959-00128190 sense makes sense only inside
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00594-00128191-00128375 the unit disk does not mean that the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00595-00128376-00128543 analytic function it represents leaves
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00596-00128544-00128710 only there
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00597-00128711-00128854 the analytic function which actually it
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00598-00128855-00128975 represents
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00599-00128976-00129119 malevolent
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00600-00129120-00129351 much bigger open set and the whole
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00601-00129352-00129471 theory of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00602-00129472-00129671 analytic extension analytic continuation
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00603-00129672-00129895 is to try to find whether
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00604-00129896-00130086 given a function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00605-00130088-00130271 on a domain which may be given by a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00606-00130272-00130495 power series or whatever it is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00607-00130496-00130766 you have to find out whether it really
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00608-00130767-00130910 extends
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00609-00130911-00131135 ok and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00610-00131136-00131311 it is a pretty
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00611-00131312-00131607 involved kind of problem all right i
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00612-00131608-00131702 will give you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00613-00131703-00131919 ah i will give you another example so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00614-00131920-00132190 here is which is very similar to this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00615-00132191-00132319 and that is the example of the zeta
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00616-00132320-00132623 function so you know
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00617-00132624-00132735 incidentally
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00618-00132736-00132983 before i do that i want to tell you that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00619-00132984-00133159 you know
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00620-00133160-00133351 if i try to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00621-00133352-00133639 make an analytic extension of a pair
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00622-00133640-00134071 the analytic extension that i will get
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00623-00134072-00134254 if i take an analytic extension of a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00624-00134255-00134414 given pair
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00625-00134415-00134687 okay then that extension is unique
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00626-00134688-00134839 and that is just because of the identity
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00627-00134840-00135078 theorem ok see
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00628-00135079-00135599 see so here is a uniqueness
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00629-00135600-00135775 the uniqueness is well
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00630-00135776-00135902 if
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00631-00135903-00135966 d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00632-00135967-00136087 prime comma
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00633-00136088-00136287 so even here i think
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00634-00136288-00136463 i think it was bad notation to have used
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00635-00136464-00136711 f prime because it would confuse you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00636-00136712-00136902 with the derivative of f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00637-00136903-00136990 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00638-00136991-00137143 maybe i will
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00639-00137144-00137271 i will
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00640-00137272-00137447 better late than never i will switch to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00641-00137448-00137623 d one f one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00642-00137624-00138183 and change everything to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00643-00138184-00138414 i will change f all the super
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00644-00138415-00138695 primes to sub primes
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00645-00138696-00139119 so let me do this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00646-00139120-00139231 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00647-00139232-00139399 of course when i wrote f prime i did not
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00648-00139400-00139719 mean the derivative of f ok so let me
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00649-00139720-00139902 change that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00650-00139903-00140935 sorry for the bad notation
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00651-00140936-00141063 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00652-00141064-00141327 so let let so so the point i want to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00653-00141328-00141711 make is if d if d 1 comma f 1
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00654-00141712-00142078 and d 2
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00655-00142079-00142454 and d 1 comma
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00656-00142455-00142599 f 2
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00657-00142600-00142775 are
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00658-00142776-00143383 analytic extensions
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00659-00143384-00143695 of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00660-00143696-00143990 d comma f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00661-00143991-00144166 then
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00662-00144167-00144471 f one is equal to f two
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00663-00144472-00144654 this is just a consequence of the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00664-00144655-00144831 identity theorem
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00665-00144832-00145399 because what you will get is you see
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00666-00145400-00145711 why is that true because you know
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00667-00145712-00145935 if you take f1
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00668-00145936-00146159 and restrict it to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00669-00146160-00146359 d1 intersection d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00670-00146360-00146639 or that is d intersection d1 i will get
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00671-00146640-00146823 f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00672-00146824-00147166 restricted to d intersection d1
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00673-00147167-00147295 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00674-00147296-00147623 that is supposed to also be equal to f 2
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00675-00147624-00147935 restricted to d intersection d 1
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00676-00147936-00148031 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00677-00148032-00148287 this equality is because
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00678-00148288-00148463 f 1 is a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00679-00148464-00148671 analytic extension of f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00680-00148672-00148831 and this equality is because f2 is an
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00681-00148832-00148999 analytic extension of f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00682-00149000-00149159 so what will happen is you have two
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00683-00149160-00149375 analytic functions f1 and f2 defined on
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00684-00149376-00149654 the same domain d1
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00685-00149655-00149895 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00686-00149896-00150119 on a smaller open set d intersection d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00687-00150120-00150343 one which is non empty on a non empty
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00688-00150344-00150559 smaller open set they are equal
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00689-00150560-00150711 therefore they are the identity theorem
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00690-00150712-00150911 will tell you that they are
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00691-00150912-00151135 throughout equal
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00692-00151136-00151311 so so let me recall what the identity
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00693-00151312-00151478 theorem says the identity theorem says
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00694-00151479-00151751 if you have two analytic functions
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00695-00151752-00151911 defined on a domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00696-00151912-00152183 and suppose their values are equal
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00697-00152184-00152575 even on a convergent sequence of points
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00698-00152576-00152726 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00699-00152727-00152951 and with the limit of the convergence
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00700-00152952-00153223 sequence in the domain of analyticity
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00701-00153224-00153326 okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00702-00153327-00153439 then they are
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00703-00153440-00153654 always equal their value at every point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00704-00153655-00153831 is equal so to check the two analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00705-00153832-00153990 functions are equal on a domain all you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00706-00153991-00154102 have to do
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00707-00154103-00154287 is to find
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00708-00154288-00154487 just one sequence of conver convergent
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00709-00154488-00154695 sequence of points in the domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00710-00154696-00154943 which converges to a point in the domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00711-00154944-00155183 and verify that for each point of the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00712-00155184-00155447 sequence the two analytic functions take
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00713-00155448-00155702 the same value ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00714-00155703-00155799 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00715-00155800-00155951 and of course if you give me a non empty
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00716-00155952-00156095 open set
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00717-00156096-00156247 i can find
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00718-00156248-00156502 so many convergent sequences
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00719-00156503-00156590 there
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00720-00156591-00156847 ok because because it always can contain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00721-00156848-00156959 a disk and i can always take a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00722-00156960-00157087 conversion sequence of points going to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00723-00157088-00157287 the center of the disk if you want ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00724-00157288-00157551 along the radius so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00725-00157552-00157790 so the identity theorem will tell you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00726-00157791-00158078 that f1 and f2
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00727-00158079-00158214 are one in the same
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00728-00158215-00158526 so so direct analytic continuation to a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00729-00158527-00158751 given domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00730-00158752-00158990 ah is it has to be unique
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00731-00158991-00159102 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00732-00159103-00159711 so ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00733-00159712-00160319 this is so this is because
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00734-00160320-00160399 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00735-00160400-00160599 because of this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00736-00160600-00161623 and the identity theorem
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00737-00161624-00161743 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00738-00161744-00161823 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00739-00161824-00161990 so the analytic they add a direct
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00740-00161991-00162207 analytic extension is unique
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00741-00162208-00162471 all right now
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00742-00162472-00162654 now what i want you to understand is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00743-00162655-00162759 that of course of course there are
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00744-00162760-00162999 situations where ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00745-00163000-00163166 if you give me a domain and you give me
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00746-00163167-00163295 another domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00747-00163296-00163543 which intersects it ah analytic extents
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00748-00163544-00163719 are not identical extensions are not
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00749-00163720-00163831 possible
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00750-00163832-00164078 so for example you know if i if you in
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00751-00164079-00164247 the in this example
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00752-00164248-00164487 ah in the in this example suppose i
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00753-00164488-00164647 continue with this example suppose i
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00754-00164648-00164831 take d 2 to be
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00755-00164832-00165087 d 2 is equal to any domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00756-00165088-00165463 any domain in c
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00757-00165464-00165871 containing the point one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00758-00165872-00166063 containing the point one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00759-00166064-00166311 ok then there is no direct there is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00760-00166312-00166519 there is no analytic extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00761-00166520-00166599 of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00762-00166600-00166926 ah this function to the point one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00763-00166927-00167078 ok there is no analytic extension of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00764-00167079-00167190 this function to the point one because
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00765-00167191-00167702 of the simple reason that ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00766-00167703-00167975 the point one is a singularity
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00767-00167976-00168263 see the maximal analytic extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00768-00168264-00168495 of this function is the function one by
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00769-00168496-00168631 one minus z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00770-00168632-00168847 that is the that is the maximal analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00771-00168848-00169023 extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00772-00169024-00169199 that is the largest possible open set on
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00773-00169200-00169414 which this the function representing
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00774-00169415-00169551 this power series the analytic function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00775-00169552-00169695 that represents this power series can be
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00776-00169696-00169895 extended
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00777-00169896-00170054 okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00778-00170055-00170207 so though
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00779-00170208-00170414 the the function is one by one minus z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00780-00170415-00170638 the largest set on which it
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00781-00170639-00170935 may which is which is this analytic is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00782-00170936-00171175 leaves out the point one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00783-00171176-00171390 because a point one is a pole it is not
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00784-00171391-00171566 a removable similarity
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00785-00171567-00171743 if a point is a removable singularity
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00786-00171744-00171951 then you can correct it by defining the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00787-00171952-00172199 value of the function at that point to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00788-00172200-00172319 be the limit
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00789-00172320-00172478 that you get as you go to that point but
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00790-00172479-00172631 this is not a removable similarity it is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00791-00172632-00172735 a pole
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00792-00172736-00173031 it cannot be corrected ok so if you take
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00793-00173032-00173359 any domain which contains that pole
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00794-00173360-00173638 there is certainly no analytic extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00795-00173639-00173959 of this function to that ok so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00796-00173960-00174278 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00797-00174279-00174471 then
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00798-00174472-00174678 there is no
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00799-00174679-00175271 analytic extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00800-00175272-00175495 of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00801-00175496-00175702 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00802-00175703-00175966 d comma f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00803-00175967-00176166 r
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00804-00176167-00176399 d one comma f one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00805-00176400-00176614 to d two
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00806-00176615-00176807 there is no analytic expression
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00807-00176808-00177023 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00808-00177024-00177295 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00809-00177296-00177511 of course this fact i made about
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00810-00177512-00177695 uniqueness is true for any analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00811-00177696-00177871 extension and here i am returning back
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00812-00177872-00178071 to this example right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00813-00178072-00178414 so there are
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00814-00178415-00178654 so the idea is that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00815-00178655-00178847 you cannot expect an analytic extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00816-00178848-00178951 across a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00817-00178952-00179190 across a singularity
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00818-00179191-00179463 across singularities right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00819-00179464-00179614 now
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00820-00179615-00179775 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00821-00179776-00179999 so the the other example that i want to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00822-00180000-00180151 talk about is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00823-00180152-00180247 the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00824-00180248-00180519 ah the riemann zeta function okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00825-00180520-00180863 so that is a function which is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00826-00180864-00181054 so you know you define
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00827-00181055-00181390 the for so so let me give this example
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00828-00181391-00181526 d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00829-00181527-00181711 so this is another example let me call
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00830-00181712-00181943 this example two
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00831-00181944-00182407 so this is example one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00832-00182408-00182654 so let us go to example two
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00833-00182655-00182935 define
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00834-00182936-00183102 zeta of z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00835-00183103-00183238 to be
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00836-00183239-00183375 let me take it from n equal to one to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00837-00183376-00183502 infinity
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00838-00183503-00183687 okay so i will start with n equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00839-00183688-00183814 to infinity
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00840-00183815-00184007 and ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00841-00184008-00184126 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00842-00184127-00184326 this is just if you write it
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00843-00184327-00184487 it will be one by
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00844-00184488-00184814 one power z plus one by two per z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00845-00184815-00185087 plus one by three power z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00846-00185088-00185238 and so on
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00847-00185239-00185535 right so i will define it like this ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00848-00185536-00185663 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00849-00185664-00185847 by that i mean of course
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00850-00185848-00185950 sigma
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00851-00185951-00186199 n equal to one to infinity
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00852-00186200-00186311 as i
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00853-00186312-00186647 just explained its one by e power
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00854-00186648-00186766 e z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00855-00186767-00186966 lon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00856-00186967-00187183 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00857-00187184-00187543 and ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00858-00187544-00187719 and the the point you must understand is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00859-00187720-00187990 that each of these functions
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00860-00187991-00188207 long n is a constant
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00861-00188208-00188287 okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00862-00188288-00188559 lon n is a real logarithm of n that is a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00863-00188560-00188711 constant
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00864-00188712-00188783 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00865-00188784-00188959 e z into lon n is of course an analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00866-00188960-00189095 function because
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00867-00189096-00189383 its a polynomial of degree one ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00868-00189384-00189526 its just the analytic function z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00869-00189527-00189750 multiplied by a constant and e power
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00870-00189751-00189966 that is also analytic function so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00871-00189967-00190126 each of these functions is an entire
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00872-00190127-00190278 function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00873-00190279-00190375 each
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00874-00190376-00190535 ah so each
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00875-00190536-00190807 ah each function one by e power e z lon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00876-00190808-00190966 n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00877-00190967-00191295 is entire
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00878-00191296-00191638 and each of these is an entire function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00879-00191639-00191966 ok and mind you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00880-00191967-00192166 since i have put
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00881-00192167-00192335 an exponential
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00882-00192336-00192575 ah the denominator can never vanish so i
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00883-00192576-00192790 can put it in the denominator ok so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00884-00192791-00192919 whenever i put something in the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00885-00192920-00193054 denominator i should always be worried
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00886-00193055-00193295 about whether it vanishes but what i put
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00887-00193296-00193414 in the denominator is an exponential and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00888-00193415-00193590 you know exponential never vanishes so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00889-00193591-00193759 is always defined and it is always
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00890-00193760-00193911 analytic so these are all entire
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00891-00193912-00194166 functions so if you take this sum
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00892-00194167-00194383 this is again an entire function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00893-00194384-00194631 ok but where so there is a there is an
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00894-00194632-00194743 issue there
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00895-00194744-00194926 so so so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00896-00194927-00195207 what you do is you you take the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00897-00195208-00195343 the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00898-00195344-00195487 so here is my
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00899-00195488-00195823 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00900-00195824-00195911 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00901-00195912-00196199 let me write d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00902-00196200-00196495 me define d to be the right half plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00903-00196496-00196719 okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00904-00196720-00196990 to the right of the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00905-00196991-00197175 point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00906-00197176-00197326 to the right of the vertical line
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00907-00197327-00197623 passing through is z equal to one ok so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00908-00197624-00197838 you define it like this so you take so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00909-00197839-00198063 here is a diagram so here is the complex
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00910-00198064-00198335 plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00911-00198336-00198599 ok and here is the point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00912-00198600-00198935 one and i draw this line
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00913-00198936-00199207 this is the point real part of z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00914-00199208-00199350 equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00915-00199351-00199431 okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00916-00199432-00199566 this is that line
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00917-00199567-00199726 real part of z is x so this is the line
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00918-00199727-00199919 x equal to one line parallel to the y
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00919-00199920-00200126 axis which is the imaginary axis
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00920-00200127-00200447 and i am taking this region
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00921-00200448-00200654 so this is my d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00922-00200655-00200854 it is a right half plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00923-00200855-00201007 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00924-00201008-00201199 so d is a set of all
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00925-00201200-00201287 e z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00926-00201288-00201423 in c
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00927-00201424-00201711 complex numbers such that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00928-00201712-00201895 a real part of z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00929-00201896-00202207 is greater than one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00930-00202208-00202495 the imaginary part can be anything ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00931-00202496-00202719 so this is the right half plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00932-00202720-00202919 it is a right half plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00933-00202920-00203126 that is to the right of the line
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00934-00203127-00203335 the vertical line passing through z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00935-00203336-00203463 equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00936-00203464-00203614 which is given by the equation real part
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00937-00203615-00203750 of z equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00938-00203751-00203911 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00939-00203912-00203999 now
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00940-00204000-00204150 the fact is that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00941-00204151-00204326 zeta is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00942-00204327-00204663 ah is actually an analytic function on d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00943-00204664-00205062 so fact is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00944-00205063-00205494 zeta is analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00945-00205496-00205766 on d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00946-00205767-00205871 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00947-00205871-00206279 the function zeta is analytic on t
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00948-00206280-00206727 so in fact
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00949-00206728-00206919 probably you have
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00950-00206919-00207062 seen this in a first course in complex
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00951-00207063-00207262 analysis
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00952-00207263-00207503 first of all there is a this is a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00953-00207504-00207646 is a series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00954-00207648-00207855 ok its a functional series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00955-00207856-00208134 with the nth function given by 1 by e
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00956-00208135-00208286 power e z lon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00957-00208287-00208471 okay first of all if
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00958-00208471-00208710 functional series need not converge
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00959-00208711-00208838 so first of all
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00960-00208839-00208975 for this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00961-00208976-00209158 to make sense as a function it has to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00962-00209159-00209286 converge
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00963-00209287-00209582 ok and the fact is it will converge
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00964-00209583-00209846 ok and then the next fact is that this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00965-00209848-00210015 convergent function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00966-00210016-00210198 once it converges it defines a function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00967-00210200-00210351 zeta
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00968-00210352-00210606 its called the rayman zeta function ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00969-00210607-00210767 and the fact is that this rayman zeta
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00970-00210767-00211006 function is actually analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00971-00211007-00211103 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00972-00211104-00211175 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00973-00211176-00211334 the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00974-00211335-00211519 so what is the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00975-00211519-00211734 so let me briefly recall
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00976-00211735-00211927 how you prove such a thing so what you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00977-00211928-00212246 do is well you take you take you take a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00978-00212248-00212406 line to the right of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00979-00212407-00212719 this given by real part of z equal to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00980-00212719-00212894 one plus epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00981-00212896-00213134 where
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00982-00213135-00213279 one plus epsilon where epsilon is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00983-00213280-00213431 positive
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00984-00213432-00213606 and you can take epsilon as small as you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00985-00213607-00213791 want but you take a vertical line to the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00986-00213792-00213998 right of this line ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00987-00214000-00214494 and what you do is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00988-00214496-00214687 you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00989-00214688-00214942 use the viastras m test
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00990-00214944-00215055 to show
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00991-00215056-00215263 that this function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00992-00215264-00215479 converges
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00993-00215480-00215719 uniformly and absolutely
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00994-00215719-00215975 on the right half plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00995-00215976-00216134 starting from this line and including
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00996-00216135-00216246 that line
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00997-00216248-00216519 so the the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00998-00216519-00216751 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-00999-00216752-00216910 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01000-00216911-00217551 the biased m test
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01001-00217552-00217903 shows
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01002-00217904-00218079 that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01003-00218080-00218327 zeta z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01004-00218328-00218655 converges
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01005-00218656-00218782 in
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01006-00218783-00218998 the set of all z such that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01007-00219000-00219255 real part of z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01008-00219256-00219455 greater than or equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01009-00219456-00219582 plus
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01010-00219583-00219958 epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01011-00219959-00220167 both
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01012-00220167-00221206 uniformly and absolutely
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01013-00221207-00221527 that is a vistasm test ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01014-00221528-00221806 and ah so you know one can easily check
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01015-00221807-00221903 that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01016-00221904-00222087 it is pretty easy to check that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01017-00222088-00222358 so let me let me continue here
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01018-00222359-00222510 in
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01019-00222511-00222775 in this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01020-00222776-00222958 in this right half plane closed right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01021-00222959-00223103 off plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01022-00223104-00223231 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01023-00223232-00223446 given by real part of z greater than one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01024-00223448-00223646 plus epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01025-00223648-00224110 ah what you have is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01026-00224111-00224463 is e z is x plus i y
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01027-00224464-00224598 and x is greater than or equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01028-00224600-00224791 plus epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01029-00224792-00225063 ok so what you will get is ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01030-00225064-00225263 it is it is an estimation so if you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01031-00225264-00225479 calculate e power
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01032-00225480-00225646 if you take the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01033-00225648-00225871 nth term of that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01034-00225871-00226167 of that functional series it is 1 by e
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01035-00226167-00226310 power
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01036-00226311-00226567 e z lon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01037-00226567-00226839 okay you see so it is equal to 1 by x
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01038-00226840-00227215 plus i y lon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01039-00227216-00227446 lon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01040-00227448-00227598 ah ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01041-00227600-00227815 which is thats right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01042-00227816-00227934 its 1 by
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01043-00227935-00228158 because its multiplicative so its x to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01044-00228159-00228527 the x lon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01045-00228528-00228806 into e power i y epsilon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01046-00228807-00229023 and as
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01047-00229023-00229175 as you rightly pointed out the mod of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01048-00229176-00229479 this is one so i end up with one by
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01049-00229480-00229694 e to the epsilon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01050-00229696-00229846 this is what i get
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01051-00229848-00230134 that's good and ah now i think in more
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01052-00230135-00230231 or less done
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01053-00230232-00230375 because x is greater than equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01054-00230376-00230519 plus epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01055-00230519-00230655 x lon n is also greater than or equal to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01056-00230656-00230998 one plus epsilon lon n and e to the that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01057-00231000-00231182 will also be greater than that and the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01058-00231183-00231342 reciprocal will go the other direction
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01059-00231344-00231567 so you see x greater than equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01060-00231567-00231734 plus epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01061-00231735-00231887 ah will tell you that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01062-00231888-00232031 x lon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01063-00232032-00232415 is greater than one plus epsilon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01064-00232416-00232527 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01065-00232528-00232703 ah that will also be that e to the x lon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01066-00232704-00232855 n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01067-00232856-00233055 is greater than or d e to the one plus
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01068-00233056-00233431 epsilon lon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01069-00233432-00233694 that is because lon n is ah n is greater
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01070-00233696-00233903 than or equal to one so lon is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01071-00233904-00234119 positive that is why this inequality
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01072-00234119-00234287 holds and then the exponential function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01073-00234288-00234358 for
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01074-00234359-00234582 reals is an increasing function ok so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01075-00234583-00234758 this holds so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01076-00234759-00234839 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01077-00234840-00234982 so this will be the same as e to the x
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01078-00234983-00235206 lon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01079-00235207-00235431 because it is a real number ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01080-00235432-00235598 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01081-00235600-00235727 that is going to be less than or equal
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01082-00235728-00235982 to 1 by
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01083-00235983-00236215 e to the 1 plus epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01084-00236216-00236358 lon n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01085-00236359-00236631 and that is 1 by
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01086-00236632-00237087 n to the 1 plus epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01087-00237088-00237239 this is what you get
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01088-00237240-00237391 ok so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01089-00237392-00237710 if you take the nth term of the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01090-00237711-00238015 if you take the nth term of this series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01091-00238016-00238391 then in modulus it is dominated by this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01092-00238392-00238655 numerical term okay and if you take the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01093-00238656-00238958 curs the corresponding numerical series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01094-00238959-00239071 for this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01095-00239071-00239271 what you will get is you will get sigma
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01096-00239271-00239646 n equal to one to infinity one one by n
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01097-00239648-00239855 to the power of one plus epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01098-00239856-00240503 ok if you take this this is convergent
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01099-00240504-00240630 this is a fact that you would have
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01100-00240631-00240727 learnt in
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01101-00240728-00240967 any first course in analysis
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01102-00240967-00241271 if you take sigma 1 by n power alpha
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01103-00241271-00241367 okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01104-00241367-00241527 that will always be convergent for any
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01105-00241528-00241703 alpha greater than 1
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01106-00241704-00241806 all right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01107-00241807-00241982 so this is convergent
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01108-00241983-00242279 so the moral of the story is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01109-00242280-00242446 your your whole
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01110-00242448-00242727 if you so you know if i start with the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01111-00242728-00242982 if i start with this functional series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01112-00242983-00243158 for the zeta function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01113-00243159-00243327 if i take the absolute series that means
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01114-00243328-00243551 i take the series that you get by taking
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01115-00243552-00243663 absolute
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01116-00243664-00243887 absolute values for each term
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01117-00243888-00244119 then the absolute series is dominated by
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01118-00244119-00244358 this numerical series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01119-00244359-00244606 which is convergent ok and this is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01120-00244607-00244751 exactly the situation of the y stress m
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01121-00244752-00244975 test which says that whenever a function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01122-00244976-00245079 of series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01123-00245080-00245255 is dominated by
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01124-00245256-00245582 which is absolutely dominated by a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01125-00245583-00245806 numerical series which is convergent
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01126-00245807-00245951 then the original functional series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01127-00245952-00246198 converges uniformly and absolutely
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01128-00246200-00246310 this is the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01129-00246311-00246463 of course it seems absolute series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01130-00246464-00246575 itself
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01131-00246576-00246694 so first of all there is a dominated
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01132-00246696-00246903 convergence theorem which says that if a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01133-00246904-00247127 series is dominated by another series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01134-00247128-00247223 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01135-00247223-00247367 the dominating series converges then the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01136-00247367-00247567 original series converges so what this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01137-00247567-00247927 will tell you is that if i take sigma
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01138-00247928-00248158 if i take the absolute series for the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01139-00248159-00248271 series corresponding to the zeta
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01140-00248271-00248542 function that will converge
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01141-00248544-00248719 and you know it is also a fact that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01142-00248719-00248982 absolute convergence implies convergence
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01143-00248983-00249142 okay therefore that will also tell you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01144-00249144-00249310 that the original function functional
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01145-00249311-00249527 series for the zeta will converge
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01146-00249528-00249871 so the more of the story is the original
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01147-00249871-00249982 series that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01148-00249983-00250134 that was used to define the zeta
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01149-00250135-00250319 function that converges both absolutely
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01150-00250319-00250463 and uniformly
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01151-00250464-00250767 and that happens for every epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01152-00250767-00250903 greater than zero
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01153-00250904-00251110 and therefore it if i make epsilon small
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01154-00251111-00251391 enough i can cover every point in the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01155-00251392-00251606 right half plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01156-00251607-00251767 right to the right of the point to the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01157-00251767-00252023 right of the line x equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01158-00252023-00252175 by taking epsilon small enough i can
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01159-00252176-00252375 cover every point therefore this gives
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01160-00252376-00252510 you the fact that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01161-00252511-00252798 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01162-00252800-00253055 that the zeta function the series for
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01163-00253056-00253310 the zeta function actually converges
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01164-00253311-00253439 for ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01165-00253440-00253591 every point lying in that right half
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01166-00253592-00253823 plane to the right of the point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01167-00253823-00253991 to the right of the line vertical line
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01168-00253992-00254134 passing through
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01169-00254135-00254455 z equal to one okay so so this implies
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01170-00254456-00254558 that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01171-00254559-00254694 zeta z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01172-00254696-00254927 converges
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01173-00254928-00255294 absolutely
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01174-00255296-00255798 and uniformly
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01175-00255800-00255910 on
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01176-00255911-00256110 in
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01177-00256111-00256479 the set of all in d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01178-00256480-00256623 which is the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01179-00256623-00256863 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01180-00256864-00257079 set of all z such that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01181-00257080-00257255 ah real part of z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01182-00257256-00257430 is greater than one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01183-00257431-00257558 ah greater than or equal to one plus
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01184-00257559-00257751 epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01185-00257752-00258006 this is not d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01186-00258007-00258271 one plus epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01187-00258271-00258534 for every epsilon gradient
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01188-00258535-00258791 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01189-00258792-00258951 now from this there are two facts that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01190-00258952-00259046 you can get
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01191-00259048-00259271 the first fact is that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01192-00259271-00259503 zeta of z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01193-00259504-00259758 converges
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01194-00259759-00259910 in d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01195-00259911-00260087 that is the first fact
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01196-00260088-00260391 because any point of d i can
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01197-00260392-00260551 make it lie
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01198-00260552-00260646 in
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01199-00260648-00260823 a region like this by taking epsilon
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01200-00260823-00260942 small enough
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01201-00260944-00261175 ok so zeta converges in d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01202-00261176-00261446 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01203-00261448-00261623 the second fact is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01204-00261623-00261815 not only does it converge
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01205-00261816-00262063 i now claim its analytic i am claiming
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01206-00262064-00262239 that this zetas analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01207-00262240-00262510 why is that so that is so because of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01208-00262511-00262767 a fact that i had stated in several
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01209-00262768-00262934 several lectures ago
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01210-00262935-00263119 namely whenever your sequence of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01211-00263120-00263263 analytic functions
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01212-00263264-00263519 if it converges normally
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01213-00263520-00263599 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01214-00263600-00263782 when you whenever you have a series of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01215-00263783-00263934 analytic functions or if you have a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01216-00263935-00264119 sequence of kinetic functions if you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01217-00264120-00264303 have a sequence of analytic functions if
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01218-00264304-00264527 the sequence converges normally then the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01219-00264528-00264734 limit function is also analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01220-00264735-00264903 ok this is a fact that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01221-00264904-00265047 i
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01222-00265048-00265247 stated in
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01223-00265248-00265430 an earlier lecture and the proof was
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01224-00265431-00265655 essentially that the limit function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01225-00265656-00265871 the normal convergence will mean that it
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01226-00265872-00266030 is convergent on
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01227-00266031-00266215 you it converges uniformly and compact
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01228-00266216-00266351 subsets
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01229-00266352-00266567 and this uniform convergence will ensure
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01230-00266568-00266799 that the limit function is continuous
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01231-00266800-00266927 and then what will happen is that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01232-00266928-00267095 analyticity will follow from modera's
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01233-00267096-00267215 theorem
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01234-00267216-00267303 and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01235-00267304-00267495 you use also the fact that because of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01236-00267496-00267710 uniform convergence you can interchange
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01237-00267711-00267887 limit and integral
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01238-00267888-00268127 ok so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01239-00268128-00268358 you can go back to that earlier lecture
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01240-00268359-00268534 where i proved
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01241-00268535-00268639 in detail
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01242-00268640-00268887 that you know if you have a normal limit
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01243-00268888-00269134 okay if you have a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01244-00269135-00269295 normal limit of analytic functions then
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01245-00269296-00269479 the limit function is also analytic so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01246-00269480-00269751 what is happening in this case is that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01247-00269752-00270055 you you can consider this function zeta
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01248-00270056-00270151 as
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01249-00270152-00270319 this series but what is the series a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01250-00270320-00270630 series is just a limit of partial sums
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01251-00270631-00270847 and the partial sums are analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01252-00270848-00270967 because they are sums of analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01253-00270968-00271143 functions in fact they are the partial
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01254-00271144-00271375 sums are entire functions
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01255-00271376-00271687 okay so you the partial sums of this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01256-00271688-00271855 series are entire functions they are
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01257-00271856-00271982 analytic functions
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01258-00271983-00272310 and the series converges uniformly on
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01259-00272311-00272567 any such
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01260-00272568-00272775 closed right half plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01261-00272776-00272991 therefore
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01262-00272992-00273295 on the on an interior of such a closed
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01263-00273296-00273430 right half plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01264-00273431-00273615 it will represent an analytic function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01265-00273616-00273839 because the only condition that is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01266-00273840-00273991 required is you must have normal
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01267-00273992-00274151 convergence you must have convergence
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01268-00274152-00274391 which is uniform on compact subsets but
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01269-00274392-00274615 you here you have uniform convergence on
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01270-00274616-00274879 the whole closed half plane that is the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01271-00274880-00275103 right half plane including the boundary
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01272-00275104-00275295 which is aligned to the right of z equal
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01273-00275296-00275455 to one so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01274-00275456-00275671 that theorem will tell you
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01275-00275672-00275903 that zeta is actually analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01276-00275904-00276334 that is how you get analyticity okay so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01277-00276335-00276471 so and is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01278-00276472-00276767 analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01279-00276768-00276863 in d
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01280-00276864-00277055 ok so this is a zeta function this is a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01281-00277056-00277230 famous zeta function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01282-00277231-00277463 and ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01283-00277464-00277695 so here is my so here is my
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01284-00277696-00277934 ah func here is my pair
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01285-00277935-00278095 which consists of the famous zeta
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01286-00278096-00278206 function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01287-00278207-00278423 and this domain which is the open right
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01288-00278424-00278727 half plane okay which consists of all
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01289-00278728-00278903 points to the right of this line
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01290-00278904-00278999 okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01291-00279000-00279134 and the question is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01292-00279135-00279358 can this be analytically continue
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01293-00279359-00279551 can this be analytically continued so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01294-00279552-00279758 this question is very similar to the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01295-00279759-00279967 the simple first example that we saw the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01296-00279968-00280167 simple first example
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01297-00280168-00280351 also
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01298-00280352-00280503 consisted of a function which is defined
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01299-00280504-00280703 by a series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01300-00280704-00280782 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01301-00280783-00280903 on a on a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01302-00280904-00281095 on a domain in this case a series was a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01303-00281096-00281239 power series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01304-00281240-00281358 and the domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01305-00281359-00281615 is a was a unit disk and one could see
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01306-00281616-00281823 by introspection
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01307-00281824-00281991 by inspection that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01308-00281992-00282206 well
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01309-00282207-00282375 one could see that it is just one by one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01310-00282376-00282534 minus z and therefore one was able to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01311-00282535-00282630 guess
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01312-00282631-00282815 that it could be extended to the whole
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01313-00282816-00283006 complex plane except the point z equal
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01314-00283007-00283367 to one which is a pole okay
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01315-00283368-00283495 now the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01316-00283496-00283727 amazing fact is the following the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01317-00283728-00284047 amazing fact is the zeta function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01318-00284048-00284334 also admits an analytic extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01319-00284335-00284503 to the whole plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01320-00284504-00284734 except the point z equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01321-00284735-00284982 exactly like the geometric series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01322-00284983-00285158 ok when you try to extend the geometric
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01323-00285159-00285327 series to the whole plane it admits an
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01324-00285328-00285439 extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01325-00285440-00285654 and the extension has a treble only at z
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01326-00285655-00285767 equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01327-00285768-00285910 and at z equal to one what kind of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01328-00285911-00286079 trouble does it have it has a pole of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01329-00286080-00286287 order one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01330-00286288-00286495 ok it has a simple pole of it is a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01331-00286496-00286606 simple pole
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01332-00286607-00286758 at z equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01333-00286759-00286967 amazingly enough
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01334-00286968-00287095 zeta also
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01335-00287096-00287319 extends to the whole plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01336-00287320-00287463 except the point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01337-00287464-00287599 z equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01338-00287600-00287782 and at z equal to one it has exactly a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01339-00287783-00287903 simple pole
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01340-00287904-00288134 okay so this is what happens
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01341-00288135-00288399 but to prove this is not trivial it
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01342-00288400-00288510 needs
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01343-00288511-00288703 ah theory of analytic continuation
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01344-00288704-00289006 analytic extensions ok so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01345-00289007-00289423 the point i want to make is that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01346-00289424-00289630 trying to find
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01347-00289631-00289806 whether a function has an analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01348-00289807-00290047 extension is not a easy is not an easy
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01349-00290048-00290319 problem ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01350-00290320-00290487 but it happens that in the case of zeta
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01351-00290488-00290623 function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01352-00290624-00290863 it can be extended to the whole plane
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01353-00290864-00291095 minus this point what is the problem
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01354-00291096-00291327 with this point at this point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01355-00291328-00291471 you know what is going to happen it the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01356-00291472-00291727 series becomes the harmonic series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01357-00291728-00292006 ok and the harmonic series is
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01358-00292007-00292167 it does not converge
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01359-00292168-00292406 ok so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01360-00292407-00292606 that is the only troublesome point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01361-00292607-00292879 ok its hard to believe that it can
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01362-00292880-00293087 extend to all other points on this line
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01363-00293088-00293351 except the point is n equal to one where
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01364-00293352-00293487 all the other points on the line also
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01365-00293488-00293687 seem to be very difficult points but the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01366-00293688-00293903 truth is it extends everywhere the only
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01367-00293904-00294127 point where it cannot be extended
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01368-00294128-00294279 is z equal to one where it becomes a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01369-00294280-00294430 harmonic series
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01370-00294431-00294615 and that then that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01371-00294616-00294782 for the extended
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01372-00294783-00295071 zeta function the zeta function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01373-00295072-00295206 which is the full extension of this
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01374-00295207-00295527 function to the whole plane minus the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01375-00295528-00295703 point z equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01376-00295704-00295887 that point z equal to one is only a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01377-00295888-00295999 simple pole
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01378-00296000-00296279 ok so this is a beautiful factor ok and
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01379-00296280-00296495 we will we will have to prove it i will
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01380-00296496-00296639 try to prove it ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01381-00296640-00296767 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01382-00296768-00296951 so i just want to summarize by saying
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01383-00296952-00297054 that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01384-00297055-00297254 you the problem of finding an analytic
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01385-00297255-00297558 extension can be very simple or it can
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01386-00297559-00297727 be pretty complicated
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01387-00297728-00297806 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01388-00297807-00298167 theorem
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01389-00298168-00298487 zeta extends
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01390-00298488-00298679 to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01391-00298680-00299263 an analytic function
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01392-00299264-00299682 that is it admits an analytic extension
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01393-00299683-00300006 on c minus one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01394-00300007-00300327 which has
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01395-00300328-00300782 a simple pole
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01396-00300783-00300934 at
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01397-00300935-00301143 at z equal to one
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01398-00301144-00301254 ok
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01399-00301255-00301703 so this is a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01400-00301704-00301815 so
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01401-00301816-00302030 this needs proof
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01402-00302031-00302158 we will try to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01403-00302159-00302406 prove this at some point
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01404-00302407-00302558 but
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01405-00302559-00302751 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01406-00302752-00303039 so this is the
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01407-00303040-00303215 so this is the story about
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01408-00303216-00303487 trying to extend analytic function now i
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01409-00303488-00303615 want to tell you that it is purely a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01410-00303616-00303903 matter of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01411-00303904-00304119 abstract mathematics
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01412-00304120-00304230 ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01413-00304231-00304367 to
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01414-00304368-00304647 ensure that if you start with a pair
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01415-00304648-00304879 consisting of a analytic function on a
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01416-00304880-00305030 domain
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01417-00305031-00305239 ok a pair consisting of a domain and an
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01418-00305240-00305454 analytic function on it namely a pair of
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01419-00305455-00305663 the form d comma f
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01420-00305664-00305815 then there exists
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01421-00305816-00305991 a maximal
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01422-00305992-00306134 extension of that
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01423-00306135-00306406 ok so ah
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01424-00306407-00306615 so we will continue
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01425-00306616-00308991 with this discussion the next lecture
+6YhU7SmqUIA-01426-00308992-00309200 you
+6cqxageJbgc-00000-00000280-00000399 okay so the talk
+6cqxageJbgc-00001-00000400-00000599 topic that we are starting this evening
+6cqxageJbgc-00002-00000600-00000767 and uh that will be the topic for this
+6cqxageJbgc-00003-00000768-00000894 week basically
+6cqxageJbgc-00004-00000896-00001215 is uh starting to enter into the visual
+6cqxageJbgc-00005-00001216-00001303 design
+6cqxageJbgc-00006-00001304-00001614 of our applications okay so we remember
+6cqxageJbgc-00007-00001616-00001782 that we went
+6cqxageJbgc-00008-00001784-00002159 step by step from the general
+6cqxageJbgc-00009-00002160-00002487 user requirements to the tasks that we
+6cqxageJbgc-00010-00002488-00002631 want to support
+6cqxageJbgc-00011-00002632-00002950 and to the guidelines
+6cqxageJbgc-00012-00002951-00003279 and to to structure the website
+6cqxageJbgc-00013-00003279-00003503 basically or the application
+6cqxageJbgc-00014-00003504-00003719 and now we are going to the more
+6cqxageJbgc-00015-00003720-00003815 practical
+6cqxageJbgc-00016-00003815-00004247 visual aspect of the design okay
+6cqxageJbgc-00017-00004248-00004502 because many of the guidelines will be
+6cqxageJbgc-00018-00004503-00004654 implemented thanks
+6cqxageJbgc-00019-00004655-00005006 to a proper visual design uh guidelines
+6cqxageJbgc-00020-00005007-00005127 are made of components and this
+6cqxageJbgc-00021-00005128-00005199 component
+6cqxageJbgc-00022-00005200-00005406 needs to be positioned needs to be
+6cqxageJbgc-00023-00005407-00005559 colored need to be
+6cqxageJbgc-00024-00005560-00005791 sized and so on and so what are the
+6cqxageJbgc-00025-00005792-00005886 rules
+6cqxageJbgc-00026-00005887-00006238 for achieving a given design
+6cqxageJbgc-00027-00006239-00006623 for it looks like an aesthetic task
+6cqxageJbgc-00028-00006623-00006846 something like looks nice okay the
+6cqxageJbgc-00029-00006847-00006942 design word
+6cqxageJbgc-00030-00006943-00007270 reminds us of that but basically the our
+6cqxageJbgc-00031-00007272-00007478 goal is not to make something
+6cqxageJbgc-00032-00007479-00007806 beautiful that is not the main our main
+6cqxageJbgc-00033-00007808-00008070 goal uh but it's something to be
+6cqxageJbgc-00034-00008072-00008310 understandable and easy to navigate okay
+6cqxageJbgc-00035-00008311-00008599 you we use the visual aspects of the
+6cqxageJbgc-00036-00008600-00008831 visual attributes of our interface
+6cqxageJbgc-00037-00008832-00009071 to make it easier to understand and to
+6cqxageJbgc-00038-00009072-00009255 navigate
+6cqxageJbgc-00039-00009256-00009503 so what was the goal of visual design is
+6cqxageJbgc-00040-00009504-00009567 to guide
+6cqxageJbgc-00041-00009568-00009999 the users in understanding the contents
+6cqxageJbgc-00042-00010000-00010310 of the of the of the application so what
+6cqxageJbgc-00043-00010311-00010438 is the structure
+6cqxageJbgc-00044-00010439-00010631 what are the sections of the of the
+6cqxageJbgc-00045-00010632-00010903 application what are the functionalities
+6cqxageJbgc-00046-00010904-00011142 what are the importance so how do
+6cqxageJbgc-00047-00011143-00011214 different
+6cqxageJbgc-00048-00011215-00011495 elements that we see on screen relate to
+6cqxageJbgc-00049-00011496-00011623 each other
+6cqxageJbgc-00050-00011624-00011878 okay if i have a profile information
+6cqxageJbgc-00051-00011879-00012038 then i have a picture
+6cqxageJbgc-00052-00012039-00012399 the picture is belongs to the profile
+6cqxageJbgc-00053-00012400-00012695 this is a conceptual linking and we know
+6cqxageJbgc-00054-00012696-00012727 we
+6cqxageJbgc-00055-00012728-00013055 we must visually okay represented that
+6cqxageJbgc-00056-00013056-00013158 specific link
+6cqxageJbgc-00057-00013159-00013343 in the same way so visually we should
+6cqxageJbgc-00058-00013344-00013519 see that
+6cqxageJbgc-00059-00013519-00013671 there is a link between two different
+6cqxageJbgc-00060-00013672-00013830 concepts and one is
+6cqxageJbgc-00061-00013831-00014063 one concept is a child of another okay
+6cqxageJbgc-00062-00014063-00014238 so this should be
+6cqxageJbgc-00063-00014240-00014566 explained visually by our interface and
+6cqxageJbgc-00064-00014568-00014679 all the other
+6cqxageJbgc-00065-00014680-00014822 all the other types of relationship that
+6cqxageJbgc-00066-00014823-00015158 we have and
+6cqxageJbgc-00067-00015159-00015511 and uh you should also give the the pace
+6cqxageJbgc-00068-00015512-00015903 for for interaction so you have
+6cqxageJbgc-00069-00015904-00016103 a good visual design so that people can
+6cqxageJbgc-00070-00016104-00016222 go to your website
+6cqxageJbgc-00071-00016223-00016503 they find it useful they they start
+6cqxageJbgc-00072-00016504-00016607 using it
+6cqxageJbgc-00073-00016608-00016935 they find easy to orient in the
+6cqxageJbgc-00074-00016936-00017094 different functions
+6cqxageJbgc-00075-00017095-00017455 and they know where to go easily
+6cqxageJbgc-00076-00017456-00017655 because all of this will be communicated
+6cqxageJbgc-00077-00017656-00017807 by by the visuals
+6cqxageJbgc-00078-00017808-00018014 of the website by the layout by the
+6cqxageJbgc-00079-00018015-00018191 callers by the sizes and so on
+6cqxageJbgc-00080-00018192-00018583 okay and uh we'll also have some hints
+6cqxageJbgc-00081-00018584-00018855 how to go deeper into the content so
+6cqxageJbgc-00082-00018856-00018894 there
+6cqxageJbgc-00083-00018895-00019230 will be at least two levels of reading
+6cqxageJbgc-00084-00019231-00019543 or or viewing uh an application the
+6cqxageJbgc-00085-00019544-00019799 first level is the first impact where
+6cqxageJbgc-00086-00019800-00019886 you see
+6cqxageJbgc-00087-00019887-00020047 and you immediately understand what is
+6cqxageJbgc-00088-00020048-00020222 happening what's
+6cqxageJbgc-00089-00020223-00020439 this website for what are the different
+6cqxageJbgc-00090-00020440-00020622 sections of the page for
+6cqxageJbgc-00091-00020623-00020799 how the different elements relate to
+6cqxageJbgc-00092-00020800-00020943 each other
+6cqxageJbgc-00093-00020944-00021199 and so we have an an immediate welcome
+6cqxageJbgc-00094-00021200-00021303 let's say
+6cqxageJbgc-00095-00021304-00021503 uh and that the visual aspect will give
+6cqxageJbgc-00096-00021504-00021655 you and second
+6cqxageJbgc-00097-00021656-00021814 when you go into more details you will
+6cqxageJbgc-00098-00021815-00021975 see that the visual aspect will give you
+6cqxageJbgc-00099-00021976-00022263 a lot of the little hints and and
+6cqxageJbgc-00100-00022264-00022463 suggestions how to go deeper how to
+6cqxageJbgc-00101-00022464-00022527 access
+6cqxageJbgc-00102-00022528-00022814 other functions that were not visible
+6cqxageJbgc-00103-00022815-00022983 immediately okay this will link very
+6cqxageJbgc-00104-00022984-00023158 nicely with the guy with the heuristics
+6cqxageJbgc-00105-00023159-00023278 that we'll see
+6cqxageJbgc-00106-00023279-00023686 next week for evaluating the designs
+6cqxageJbgc-00107-00023687-00024014 and also a given visual design
+6cqxageJbgc-00108-00024015-00024247 gives us a message okay whether you have
+6cqxageJbgc-00109-00024248-00024439 a very serious design
+6cqxageJbgc-00110-00024440-00024686 or a very you know fancy design or a
+6cqxageJbgc-00111-00024687-00024758 very
+6cqxageJbgc-00112-00024759-00025063 um fun like aspect
+6cqxageJbgc-00113-00025064-00025230 of the website will also tell you
+6cqxageJbgc-00114-00025231-00025447 something like you know
+6cqxageJbgc-00115-00025448-00025639 how are you addressing will tell you
+6cqxageJbgc-00116-00025639-00025774 something about your mood
+6cqxageJbgc-00117-00025775-00025967 how you want to pose towards the others
+6cqxageJbgc-00118-00025968-00026143 and so on and so
+6cqxageJbgc-00119-00026144-00026487 this is also an aspect that will
+6cqxageJbgc-00120-00026488-00026823 frame the people's mind into what
+6cqxageJbgc-00121-00026824-00027087 the application is doing okay this is
+6cqxageJbgc-00122-00027088-00027158 more
+6cqxageJbgc-00123-00027160-00027351 or a communication slash marketing
+6cqxageJbgc-00124-00027352-00027583 aspect rather than a usability aspect
+6cqxageJbgc-00125-00027583-00027639 but
+6cqxageJbgc-00126-00027639-00027958 they are uh they're both important
+6cqxageJbgc-00127-00027960-00028207 and we are going we are we are working
+6cqxageJbgc-00128-00028208-00028431 both at the conscious level
+6cqxageJbgc-00129-00028432-00028614 so we write sentences that have a given
+6cqxageJbgc-00130-00028616-00028879 meaning we write labels
+6cqxageJbgc-00131-00028880-00029135 that we hope the user will give the
+6cqxageJbgc-00132-00029136-00029318 writing interpretation to those
+6cqxageJbgc-00133-00029319-00029511 and also a lot of the subconscious
+6cqxageJbgc-00134-00029512-00029623 levels we see
+6cqxageJbgc-00135-00029624-00029895 a lot of examples where we make links
+6cqxageJbgc-00136-00029895-00030039 and connections
+6cqxageJbgc-00137-00030039-00030327 between items or victim elements on the
+6cqxageJbgc-00138-00030327-00030479 subconscious level so something that
+6cqxageJbgc-00139-00030480-00030543 happens
+6cqxageJbgc-00140-00030544-00030743 even before we realize what you are
+6cqxageJbgc-00141-00030744-00030958 looking for our brain
+6cqxageJbgc-00142-00030960-00031214 has already made some decisions made
+6cqxageJbgc-00143-00031216-00031390 some interpretations over
+6cqxageJbgc-00144-00031391-00031646 what we are looking at okay and of
+6cqxageJbgc-00145-00031647-00031702 course
+6cqxageJbgc-00146-00031703-00031951 aesthetics is is also important but it's
+6cqxageJbgc-00147-00031952-00032055 not the goal here
+6cqxageJbgc-00148-00032056-00032343 okay so basically we don't we are not
+6cqxageJbgc-00149-00032344-00032446 requiring
+6cqxageJbgc-00150-00032447-00032743 everybody to be an artist uh here so
+6cqxageJbgc-00151-00032744-00033039 visual design is not an artistic skill
+6cqxageJbgc-00152-00033040-00033343 uh i i'm i'm the first one who's very
+6cqxageJbgc-00153-00033344-00033431 totally bad at
+6cqxageJbgc-00154-00033432-00033807 arts and um so i would never be
+6cqxageJbgc-00155-00033808-00034015 i would never dared speaking about this
+6cqxageJbgc-00156-00034016-00034207 if it was about the arts
+6cqxageJbgc-00157-00034208-00034590 it's about
+6cqxageJbgc-00158-00034591-00034959 practical issues in design okay
+6cqxageJbgc-00159-00034960-00035190 if you have artistic skills of course it
+6cqxageJbgc-00160-00035191-00035374 will be easier because your eyes your
+6cqxageJbgc-00161-00035375-00035567 mind will be more accustomed to
+6cqxageJbgc-00162-00035568-00035807 a good distribution of spaces of colors
+6cqxageJbgc-00163-00035808-00035879 and so on
+6cqxageJbgc-00164-00035880-00036223 okay but uh arts usually
+6cqxageJbgc-00165-00036224-00036543 aim at being beautiful not necessarily
+6cqxageJbgc-00166-00036544-00036855 at being practical and we we do
+6cqxageJbgc-00167-00036856-00037071 we want actually to make the lives
+6cqxageJbgc-00168-00037072-00037199 easier not just something
+6cqxageJbgc-00169-00037200-00037471 which is nice to look at but something
+6cqxageJbgc-00170-00037472-00037590 that is easy to use
+6cqxageJbgc-00171-00037591-00037902 which is something more
+6cqxageJbgc-00172-00037903-00038102 and we should acknowledge that real
+6cqxageJbgc-00173-00038103-00038215 design skills
+6cqxageJbgc-00174-00038216-00038535 are a career by themselves okay
+6cqxageJbgc-00175-00038536-00038823 so we cannot hope in in one week of work
+6cqxageJbgc-00176-00038824-00038855 to
+6cqxageJbgc-00177-00038856-00039143 become good designers like you cannot
+6cqxageJbgc-00178-00039144-00039223 hope
+6cqxageJbgc-00179-00039224-00039471 in one week of programming to become a
+6cqxageJbgc-00180-00039472-00039630 good programmer of course okay
+6cqxageJbgc-00181-00039631-00039823 so we just try to to master the
+6cqxageJbgc-00182-00039824-00039943 fundamentals
+6cqxageJbgc-00183-00039944-00040318 and try to apply them and especially
+6cqxageJbgc-00184-00040319-00040646 train our eyes to recognize
+6cqxageJbgc-00185-00040647-00040839 good design elements or to recognize bad
+6cqxageJbgc-00186-00040840-00040958 design elements
+6cqxageJbgc-00187-00040959-00041167 and use this recognition from other
+6cqxageJbgc-00188-00041168-00041383 websites or from other applications
+6cqxageJbgc-00189-00041384-00041639 using the recognition to copy to copy
+6cqxageJbgc-00190-00041640-00041758 the design
+6cqxageJbgc-00191-00041759-00042095 into our products so that we can
+6cqxageJbgc-00192-00042096-00042390 say recognize the good parts and make
+6cqxageJbgc-00193-00042391-00042518 our applications
+6cqxageJbgc-00194-00042519-00042902 uh say exploiting that part
+6cqxageJbgc-00195-00042903-00043239 okay so why a real designer takes a life
+6cqxageJbgc-00196-00043240-00043518 to become uh we can also in some way we
+6cqxageJbgc-00197-00043519-00043567 can ask
+6cqxageJbgc-00198-00043568-00043846 apply some rules some standards some
+6cqxageJbgc-00199-00043847-00043935 heuristics
+6cqxageJbgc-00200-00043936-00044246 and apply them to to obtain say a good
+6cqxageJbgc-00201-00044247-00044311 enough
+6cqxageJbgc-00202-00044312-00044630 result a good enough product
+6cqxageJbgc-00203-00044631-00044967 so the basic visual design
+6cqxageJbgc-00204-00044968-00045318 okay this uh text is trying to explain
+6cqxageJbgc-00205-00045319-00045495 the basic
+6cqxageJbgc-00206-00045496-00045799 points about visual design
+6cqxageJbgc-00207-00045800-00046190 and at first impact
+6cqxageJbgc-00208-00046191-00046615 this is not very friendly okay it's um
+6cqxageJbgc-00209-00046616-00047086 it takes a effort to read this text
+6cqxageJbgc-00210-00047087-00047479 if you are just glancing this slide it's
+6cqxageJbgc-00211-00047480-00047655 either you concentrate on reading the
+6cqxageJbgc-00212-00047656-00047871 text or you just listen to me
+6cqxageJbgc-00213-00047872-00048086 but you cannot do both because now it
+6cqxageJbgc-00214-00048087-00048230 requires some effort it's not
+6cqxageJbgc-00215-00048231-00048615 well structured it's a text that is all
+6cqxageJbgc-00216-00048616-00048990 with the same spacing the same fonts
+6cqxageJbgc-00217-00048991-00049246 all together okay it's a wall tech a
+6cqxageJbgc-00218-00049247-00049335 wall of text
+6cqxageJbgc-00219-00049336-00049695 that doesn't help you with understanding
+6cqxageJbgc-00220-00049696-00049927 that's actually we just restructured
+6cqxageJbgc-00221-00049928-00050046 that
+6cqxageJbgc-00222-00050047-00050318 but uh by adding a very important
+6cqxageJbgc-00223-00050319-00050374 element
+6cqxageJbgc-00224-00050375-00050679 that is the most important element of
+6cqxageJbgc-00225-00050680-00050846 design
+6cqxageJbgc-00226-00050847-00051111 the most important element of design is
+6cqxageJbgc-00227-00051112-00051230 space
+6cqxageJbgc-00228-00051232-00051566 empty space okay it's not fonts it's not
+6cqxageJbgc-00229-00051567-00051742 colors it's not
+6cqxageJbgc-00230-00051744-00052054 lines it's not icons it's a space space
+6cqxageJbgc-00231-00052055-00052135 it was
+6cqxageJbgc-00232-00052136-00052471 it's mainly what gives the meaning to
+6cqxageJbgc-00233-00052472-00052607 the different elements
+6cqxageJbgc-00234-00052608-00052926 which gives grouping what gives
+6cqxageJbgc-00235-00052927-00053271 separation and so on so
+6cqxageJbgc-00236-00053272-00053535 just by putting some new lines here and
+6cqxageJbgc-00237-00053536-00053591 there
+6cqxageJbgc-00238-00053591-00053782 not randomly but when the topic is
+6cqxageJbgc-00239-00053783-00053894 changing
+6cqxageJbgc-00240-00053895-00054254 we are we we made a step forward
+6cqxageJbgc-00241-00054255-00054630 okay this design looks better because
+6cqxageJbgc-00242-00054632-00054942 even if you squint your eyes you can see
+6cqxageJbgc-00243-00054944-00055166 that there are four points into this
+6cqxageJbgc-00244-00055167-00055366 text in the previous version you don't
+6cqxageJbgc-00245-00055367-00055494 know how many
+6cqxageJbgc-00246-00055495-00055807 concepts how many items you have to to
+6cqxageJbgc-00247-00055808-00056103 read or to understand here you you see
+6cqxageJbgc-00248-00056104-00056215 that there are four
+6cqxageJbgc-00249-00056216-00056430 then you can start to understand which
+6cqxageJbgc-00250-00056432-00056526 ones uh
+6cqxageJbgc-00251-00056527-00056799 are they and how they relate but at
+6cqxageJbgc-00252-00056800-00056887 least
+6cqxageJbgc-00253-00056888-00057142 at first sight you just by adding some
+6cqxageJbgc-00254-00057144-00057199 space
+6cqxageJbgc-00255-00057200-00057479 you have itemized the content and the
+6cqxageJbgc-00256-00057479-00057630 user already knows that
+6cqxageJbgc-00257-00057632-00057871 there are four elements to consider so
+6cqxageJbgc-00258-00057872-00058071 the first element is
+6cqxageJbgc-00259-00058072-00058454 space
+6cqxageJbgc-00260-00058455-00058782 the second element is size so about the
+6cqxageJbgc-00261-00058783-00058950 text
+6cqxageJbgc-00262-00058951-00059287 the text is formatted by using white
+6cqxageJbgc-00263-00059288-00059407 space
+6cqxageJbgc-00264-00059408-00059726 to separate the content
+6cqxageJbgc-00265-00059727-00059999 and then we have the font size and style
+6cqxageJbgc-00266-00060000-00060111 differences
+6cqxageJbgc-00267-00060112-00060391 that convey hierarchy and we are showing
+6cqxageJbgc-00268-00060391-00060494 it here
+6cqxageJbgc-00269-00060495-00060911 so text is clearly a title a subheading
+6cqxageJbgc-00270-00060912-00061142 for this context here
+6cqxageJbgc-00271-00061144-00061535 we don't need to explain it it's just
+6cqxageJbgc-00272-00061536-00061863 evident you see it that this
+6cqxageJbgc-00273-00061864-00062182 be this larger side size here
+6cqxageJbgc-00274-00062183-00062487 is in some way boxing this content
+6cqxageJbgc-00275-00062488-00062815 and say okay i am larger
+6cqxageJbgc-00276-00062816-00063150 i'm above you so i own you you're
+6cqxageJbgc-00277-00063151-00063503 you are under my control okay
+6cqxageJbgc-00278-00063504-00063759 and this sentence here it doesn't have a
+6cqxageJbgc-00279-00063760-00063847 title
+6cqxageJbgc-00280-00063848-00064287 so it's a general heading for the page
+6cqxageJbgc-00281-00064288-00064623 and this should be other
+6cqxageJbgc-00282-00064624-00064935 titles like they like the first one they
+6cqxageJbgc-00283-00064936-00064966 are
+6cqxageJbgc-00284-00064967-00065223 in the same font in the same size the
+6cqxageJbgc-00285-00065224-00065350 same color
+6cqxageJbgc-00286-00065351-00065526 so they have they will have the same
+6cqxageJbgc-00287-00065527-00065703 role
+6cqxageJbgc-00288-00065704-00066103 so number one is white space
+6cqxageJbgc-00289-00066104-00066431 number two is a style
+6cqxageJbgc-00290-00066432-00066775 the style of the text style meaning font
+6cqxageJbgc-00291-00066776-00067191 face ball face or italics and and
+6cqxageJbgc-00292-00067192-00067535 and size of course and
+6cqxageJbgc-00293-00067536-00067838 also alignment will help we see
+6cqxageJbgc-00294-00067839-00068063 in the next slide that we are adding
+6cqxageJbgc-00295-00068064-00068191 some control
+6cqxageJbgc-00296-00068192-00068382 so we have changed the font here so it
+6cqxageJbgc-00297-00068383-00068511 becomes we
+6cqxageJbgc-00298-00068512-00068743 we thought that it was already a heading
+6cqxageJbgc-00299-00068744-00068847 this one
+6cqxageJbgc-00300-00068848-00069103 but now is more clearly indicated
+6cqxageJbgc-00301-00069104-00069247 because we have
+6cqxageJbgc-00302-00069248-00069543 transl transformed that in all caps and
+6cqxageJbgc-00303-00069544-00069687 here we had just had
+6cqxageJbgc-00304-00069688-00069999 some some alignment to reinforce the
+6cqxageJbgc-00305-00070000-00070055 idea
+6cqxageJbgc-00306-00070056-00070399 that all of this is under the heading of
+6cqxageJbgc-00307-00070400-00070526 text
+6cqxageJbgc-00308-00070527-00070806 so we are just playing with you know
+6cqxageJbgc-00309-00070807-00070919 short or
+6cqxageJbgc-00310-00070920-00071326 small hints small elements that
+6cqxageJbgc-00311-00071327-00071694 by the way if you read it the words here
+6cqxageJbgc-00312-00071695-00071982 if you read this text word by word is
+6cqxageJbgc-00313-00071983-00072303 exactly the same as here
+6cqxageJbgc-00314-00072304-00072511 this the words are the same the
+6cqxageJbgc-00315-00072512-00072631 readability
+6cqxageJbgc-00316-00072632-00072943 is totally different
+6cqxageJbgc-00317-00072944-00073175 and so what we did with text we can also
+6cqxageJbgc-00318-00073176-00073294 do with layout
+6cqxageJbgc-00319-00073295-00073479 and with colors of course when you go to
+6cqxageJbgc-00320-00073480-00073750 layout we have more than text elements
+6cqxageJbgc-00321-00073751-00073926 we will have also graphical elements we
+6cqxageJbgc-00322-00073927-00073975 can
+6cqxageJbgc-00323-00073976-00074294 we will also have interactive elements
+6cqxageJbgc-00324-00074295-00074703 and so on so what we are trying to learn
+6cqxageJbgc-00325-00074704-00074999 is a is a language for creating
+6cqxageJbgc-00326-00075000-00075087 interfaces
+6cqxageJbgc-00327-00075088-00075438 using this element of style spacing
+6cqxageJbgc-00328-00075439-00075582 color text and so on
+6cqxageJbgc-00329-00075583-00075871 and especially layout layout is very
+6cqxageJbgc-00330-00075872-00075935 important
+6cqxageJbgc-00331-00075936-00076238 and will be the the items from which
+6cqxageJbgc-00332-00076239-00076543 we are devoting more more time and more
+6cqxageJbgc-00333-00076544-00076782 in-depth explanation in the in this in
+6cqxageJbgc-00334-00076783-00076967 this week
+6cqxageJbgc-00335-00076968-00077367 just for telling the user
+6cqxageJbgc-00336-00077368-00077582 what we are talking about what is the
+6cqxageJbgc-00337-00077583-00077823 structure of our sentence
+6cqxageJbgc-00338-00077824-00078103 okay in the first version we have this
+6cqxageJbgc-00339-00078104-00078191 the
+6cqxageJbgc-00340-00078192-00078519 first let's start with text and the text
+6cqxageJbgc-00341-00078520-00078806 is about why space is about size and
+6cqxageJbgc-00342-00078807-00078903 style
+6cqxageJbgc-00343-00078904-00079215 is about alignment and so on
+6cqxageJbgc-00344-00079216-00079423 but it was all together here is more
+6cqxageJbgc-00345-00079424-00079526 explicit that
+6cqxageJbgc-00346-00079527-00079862 this one two three sub properties
+6cqxageJbgc-00347-00079863-00080199 are properties of text and when we add
+6cqxageJbgc-00348-00080200-00080550 four chunks here of information one two
+6cqxageJbgc-00349-00080551-00080911 three four four
+6cqxageJbgc-00350-00080912-00081223 we made the first one
+6cqxageJbgc-00351-00081224-00081438 as a title so actually we don't have
+6cqxageJbgc-00352-00081439-00081535 really four
+6cqxageJbgc-00353-00081536-00081879 we have a title and three items
+6cqxageJbgc-00354-00081880-00082182 this we can if i started from this
+6cqxageJbgc-00355-00082183-00082431 all this for from this slide all this
+6cqxageJbgc-00356-00082432-00082623 information would have been
+6cqxageJbgc-00357-00082624-00082855 self-evident we don't need to explain
+6cqxageJbgc-00358-00082856-00082959 that okay
+6cqxageJbgc-00359-00082960-00083167 your mind and your eyes is processing
+6cqxageJbgc-00360-00083168-00083415 them even before you start reading the
+6cqxageJbgc-00361-00083416-00083550 first word
+6cqxageJbgc-00362-00083551-00083999 in the page and we are applying that
+6cqxageJbgc-00363-00084000-00084487 at all levels okay uh
+6cqxageJbgc-00364-00084488-00084694 many websites when many applications
+6cqxageJbgc-00365-00084695-00084879 should have usually a recognizable
+6cqxageJbgc-00366-00084880-00085015 structure
+6cqxageJbgc-00367-00085016-00085375 so i i blurred this page on purpose
+6cqxageJbgc-00368-00085376-00085718 i took a snapshot and then i blurred the
+6cqxageJbgc-00369-00085719-00085894 image
+6cqxageJbgc-00370-00085895-00086126 so that we cannot read the text okay we
+6cqxageJbgc-00371-00086127-00086438 cannot read what is in on this page
+6cqxageJbgc-00372-00086439-00086750 but we can recognize
+6cqxageJbgc-00373-00086751-00087126 that this page as a sort of some
+6cqxageJbgc-00374-00087127-00087471 top content here and there i cannot read
+6cqxageJbgc-00375-00087472-00087526 but i
+6cqxageJbgc-00376-00087527-00087711 probably i could guess that here we have
+6cqxageJbgc-00377-00087712-00087847 some search
+6cqxageJbgc-00378-00087848-00088182 function maybe there is some headings
+6cqxageJbgc-00379-00088183-00088503 section here probably and there are some
+6cqxageJbgc-00380-00088504-00088567 blocks
+6cqxageJbgc-00381-00088568-00088879 i could draw them like like this this is
+6cqxageJbgc-00382-00088880-00088911 oh
+6cqxageJbgc-00383-00088912-00089318 sorry this is one block
+6cqxageJbgc-00384-00089319-00089638 then we have another here another there
+6cqxageJbgc-00385-00089639-00089838 this should be probably articles because
+6cqxageJbgc-00386-00089839-00090031 i have picture
+6cqxageJbgc-00387-00090032-00090391 and i have some text below and here we
+6cqxageJbgc-00388-00090392-00090487 have other blocks
+6cqxageJbgc-00389-00090488-00090855 that are you know in this
+6cqxageJbgc-00390-00090856-00091294 in this right most column and so on
+6cqxageJbgc-00391-00091295-00091550 so we can understand the logical
+6cqxageJbgc-00392-00091551-00091679 structure of a page
+6cqxageJbgc-00393-00091680-00091887 without even reading it because in this
+6cqxageJbgc-00394-00091888-00092023 version we are not reading of course
+6cqxageJbgc-00395-00092024-00092215 we if we read it we will have
+6cqxageJbgc-00396-00092216-00092382 confirmation we'll have more details
+6cqxageJbgc-00397-00092383-00092455 because
+6cqxageJbgc-00398-00092456-00092791 uh if this is an article then we have
+6cqxageJbgc-00399-00092792-00093118 an image we have a title
+6cqxageJbgc-00400-00093119-00093406 and we have the author of the article so
+6cqxageJbgc-00401-00093407-00093550 we can read more
+6cqxageJbgc-00402-00093551-00093847 and we can make up out of this is is the
+6cqxageJbgc-00403-00093848-00093903 author
+6cqxageJbgc-00404-00093904-00094159 okay uh in this case we don't have an
+6cqxageJbgc-00405-00094160-00094406 author here i don't know why
+6cqxageJbgc-00406-00094407-00094591 it stands out because it's different
+6cqxageJbgc-00407-00094592-00094823 remember the the consistency rules
+6cqxageJbgc-00408-00094824-00094999 if something is different will it will
+6cqxageJbgc-00409-00095000-00095150 attract your attention
+6cqxageJbgc-00410-00095151-00095503 and so on but we
+6cqxageJbgc-00411-00095504-00095855 we were able to uh to understand
+6cqxageJbgc-00412-00095856-00096174 the structure of the page based
+6cqxageJbgc-00413-00096175-00096511 on these very simple ingredients
+6cqxageJbgc-00414-00096512-00096823 okay that all together are
+6cqxageJbgc-00415-00096824-00096991 so the the the key points the
+6cqxageJbgc-00416-00096992-00097191 cornerstones of visual design
+6cqxageJbgc-00417-00097192-00097503 the layout positioning of elements in
+6cqxageJbgc-00418-00097504-00097647 the page
+6cqxageJbgc-00419-00097648-00097894 the text something is larger so it
+6cqxageJbgc-00420-00097895-00098094 should be a title
+6cqxageJbgc-00421-00098095-00098455 and uh the colors so for example
+6cqxageJbgc-00422-00098456-00098687 these blocks here as have a different
+6cqxageJbgc-00423-00098688-00098791 background
+6cqxageJbgc-00424-00098792-00099143 so logically i'm grouping these articles
+6cqxageJbgc-00425-00099144-00099303 on the right
+6cqxageJbgc-00426-00099304-00099615 in a different category than the other
+6cqxageJbgc-00427-00099616-00099806 articles in a way
+6cqxageJbgc-00428-00099807-00099974 i don't know which is the difference
+6cqxageJbgc-00429-00099975-00100182 basically i would need to
+6cqxageJbgc-00430-00100183-00100335 to read them or to understand them
+6cqxageJbgc-00431-00100336-00100494 better but
+6cqxageJbgc-00432-00100495-00100735 the difference in color is guiding me to
+6cqxageJbgc-00433-00100736-00100926 towards separating the page
+6cqxageJbgc-00434-00100927-00101374 into sections vertically
+6cqxageJbgc-00435-00101375-00101662 and and the same goes for now you know
+6cqxageJbgc-00436-00101663-00101831 this page very well
+6cqxageJbgc-00437-00101832-00102094 there's only one element in this page
+6cqxageJbgc-00438-00102095-00102159 which is
+6cqxageJbgc-00439-00102160-00102502 this input box so you don't need to read
+6cqxageJbgc-00440-00102503-00102686 anything because there's nothing more to
+6cqxageJbgc-00441-00102688-00102727 read
+6cqxageJbgc-00442-00102728-00102942 all basically if you want there's
+6cqxageJbgc-00443-00102943-00103182 something in the top right corner
+6cqxageJbgc-00444-00103183-00103447 we don't read it here but we can guess
+6cqxageJbgc-00445-00103448-00103558 it will be the profile
+6cqxageJbgc-00446-00103559-00103718 probably information because every
+6cqxageJbgc-00447-00103719-00103958 website has your profile information
+6cqxageJbgc-00448-00103959-00104215 in the top right and there's something
+6cqxageJbgc-00449-00104216-00104334 at the bottom also
+6cqxageJbgc-00450-00104335-00104639 okay it doesn't attract your
+6cqxageJbgc-00451-00104640-00104943 our attention at first because our
+6cqxageJbgc-00452-00104944-00105119 attention is totally focused
+6cqxageJbgc-00453-00105120-00105471 on this box and why
+6cqxageJbgc-00454-00105472-00105743 why is our attention so strongly brought
+6cqxageJbgc-00455-00105744-00105943 to this box
+6cqxageJbgc-00456-00105944-00106271 because of the white space here
+6cqxageJbgc-00457-00106272-00106631 and there and on all sides so
+6cqxageJbgc-00458-00106632-00106999 all the white space is giving strength
+6cqxageJbgc-00459-00107000-00107302 to the central element of the page
+6cqxageJbgc-00460-00107303-00107607 it's something that is so important
+6cqxageJbgc-00461-00107608-00107943 that it pushed everything else away
+6cqxageJbgc-00462-00107944-00108134 and we need to think about it for a
+6cqxageJbgc-00463-00108135-00108343 moment in order to see the other
+6cqxageJbgc-00464-00108344-00108478 elements in the page
+6cqxageJbgc-00465-00108479-00108702 in the corner or in the bottom or in the
+6cqxageJbgc-00466-00108703-00108790 footer
+6cqxageJbgc-00467-00108791-00109134 okay so a page which is nearly totally
+6cqxageJbgc-00468-00109135-00109295 white
+6cqxageJbgc-00469-00109296-00109623 gives us a a lot of strength
+6cqxageJbgc-00470-00109624-00109934 to this search box which is
+6cqxageJbgc-00471-00109935-00110134 how google is making billions and
+6cqxageJbgc-00472-00110135-00110278 billions of dollars
+6cqxageJbgc-00473-00110279-00110439 just this text box that's why it's so
+6cqxageJbgc-00474-00110440-00110663 important and the branding
+6cqxageJbgc-00475-00110664-00110839 so the second element is of course the
+6cqxageJbgc-00476-00110840-00111119 branding
+6cqxageJbgc-00477-00111120-00111310 and they say we can do this this game
+6cqxageJbgc-00478-00111311-00111519 this exercise for many
+6cqxageJbgc-00479-00111520-00111910 other websites what's this is probably
+6cqxageJbgc-00480-00111911-00111975 something
+6cqxageJbgc-00481-00111976-00112239 similar to stack overflow and where we
+6cqxageJbgc-00482-00112240-00112454 have a list of items
+6cqxageJbgc-00483-00112455-00112783 there are items you see our eyes
+6cqxageJbgc-00484-00112783-00113143 are automatically breaking the page
+6cqxageJbgc-00485-00113144-00113471 in a heading zone and three
+6cqxageJbgc-00486-00113472-00113847 sorry for the three
+6cqxageJbgc-00487-00113848-00114343 sections three vertical sections
+6cqxageJbgc-00488-00114344-00114519 and the central one is the most
+6cqxageJbgc-00489-00114520-00114686 important one why is it the most
+6cqxageJbgc-00490-00114688-00114766 important one
+6cqxageJbgc-00491-00114767-00114999 because it's at the center and because
+6cqxageJbgc-00492-00115000-00115231 it is bigger than the others
+6cqxageJbgc-00493-00115232-00115671 so layout and size always give the rules
+6cqxageJbgc-00494-00115672-00115863 and on the right hand side we have
+6cqxageJbgc-00495-00115864-00116047 blocks of information
+6cqxageJbgc-00496-00116048-00116286 they have different colors they have
+6cqxageJbgc-00497-00116288-00116399 different layouts
+6cqxageJbgc-00498-00116400-00116695 so they have different meanings i i
+6cqxageJbgc-00499-00116696-00116863 don't know the meaning until i can read
+6cqxageJbgc-00500-00116864-00116958 the text
+6cqxageJbgc-00501-00116959-00117175 but from the layout i only i already can
+6cqxageJbgc-00502-00117176-00117278 infer
+6cqxageJbgc-00503-00117279-00117631 a top-down structuring of the page
+6cqxageJbgc-00504-00117632-00117815 and at the left-hand side they have
+6cqxageJbgc-00505-00117816-00118007 something that looks like a medium looks
+6cqxageJbgc-00506-00118008-00118166 like a tree so items
+6cqxageJbgc-00507-00118167-00118431 and sub items in a way which are nested
+6cqxageJbgc-00508-00118432-00118599 so it should be probably some sort of
+6cqxageJbgc-00509-00118600-00118702 navigation
+6cqxageJbgc-00510-00118703-00119119 or or let's say
+6cqxageJbgc-00511-00119120-00119423 itemized list of possibilities and then
+6cqxageJbgc-00512-00119424-00119558 we have the big uh
+6cqxageJbgc-00513-00119559-00119758 content at the center that of course is
+6cqxageJbgc-00514-00119759-00119990 made of a horizontal list
+6cqxageJbgc-00515-00119991-00120223 of elements where we have colors that
+6cqxageJbgc-00516-00120224-00120390 should have some meaning
+6cqxageJbgc-00517-00120391-00120607 numbers and text that we cannot make out
+6cqxageJbgc-00518-00120608-00120719 at this moment
+6cqxageJbgc-00519-00120720-00120999 if we go to the real web page we can see
+6cqxageJbgc-00520-00121000-00121071 whether
+6cqxageJbgc-00521-00121072-00121383 we guess correctly or not the role of
+6cqxageJbgc-00522-00121383-00121766 the different parts of the page
+6cqxageJbgc-00523-00121767-00122014 by the way we are sure for example that
+6cqxageJbgc-00524-00122015-00122183 this box here
+6cqxageJbgc-00525-00122183-00122375 we didn't focus our attention there
+6cqxageJbgc-00526-00122376-00122519 before
+6cqxageJbgc-00527-00122520-00122910 it's part these filters let's say
+6cqxageJbgc-00528-00122911-00123283 will only apply to the center of the
+6cqxageJbgc-00529-00123283-00123431 page
+6cqxageJbgc-00530-00123432-00123719 they don't apply to you know the right
+6cqxageJbgc-00531-00123720-00123910 and size blocks or they don't apply to
+6cqxageJbgc-00532-00123911-00124063 the left-hand side because there are
+6cqxageJbgc-00533-00124064-00124239 positions there
+6cqxageJbgc-00534-00124240-00124431 they will apply only to that part of the
+6cqxageJbgc-00535-00124432-00124583 page with false
+6cqxageJbgc-00536-00124583-00125007 under their say
+6cqxageJbgc-00537-00125008-00125310 their presence their control in a way so
+6cqxageJbgc-00538-00125311-00125495 we don't need to explain anything
+6cqxageJbgc-00539-00125496-00125790 okay the position the size of the
+6cqxageJbgc-00540-00125791-00125934 element the relative positions
+6cqxageJbgc-00541-00125935-00126231 already is telling which element is
+6cqxageJbgc-00542-00126232-00126527 affecting what
+6cqxageJbgc-00543-00126528-00126831 okay
+6cqxageJbgc-00544-00126832-00127175 this part on the left this left menu
+6cqxageJbgc-00545-00127176-00127423 is probably affecting everything else in
+6cqxageJbgc-00546-00127424-00127558 the right in the
+6cqxageJbgc-00547-00127559-00127783 we read from left to right so first we
+6cqxageJbgc-00548-00127783-00127990 select something on the red on the left
+6cqxageJbgc-00549-00127991-00128295 then all the center column is a in some
+6cqxageJbgc-00550-00128296-00128390 way affected
+6cqxageJbgc-00551-00128391-00128678 but by what we are doing in the left and
+6cqxageJbgc-00552-00128679-00128807 while the right hand
+6cqxageJbgc-00553-00128808-00129086 side may be something deeper or
+6cqxageJbgc-00554-00129088-00129431 something independent
+6cqxageJbgc-00555-00129432-00129823 and we can use we can repeat the game
+6cqxageJbgc-00556-00129824-00130183 on other websites just try to think
+6cqxageJbgc-00557-00130183-00130366 about how you would divide
+6cqxageJbgc-00558-00130367-00130678 logically the page which blocks are
+6cqxageJbgc-00559-00130679-00130854 influenced by who
+6cqxageJbgc-00560-00130855-00131239 which others and so on okay
+6cqxageJbgc-00561-00131240-00131454 so for example here we have something
+6cqxageJbgc-00562-00131455-00131751 that looks like a profile
+6cqxageJbgc-00563-00131752-00132127 and it's uh separated is
+6cqxageJbgc-00564-00132128-00132487 look at the colors in the previous case
+6cqxageJbgc-00565-00132488-00132759 this was a there was this thin vertical
+6cqxageJbgc-00566-00132760-00132839 line
+6cqxageJbgc-00567-00132840-00133087 here that's starting here and continue
+6cqxageJbgc-00568-00133088-00133231 all the way down so this
+6cqxageJbgc-00569-00133232-00133439 was telling that these two blocks this
+6cqxageJbgc-00570-00133440-00133551 one and this one
+6cqxageJbgc-00571-00133552-00133790 are in a way connected in this case we
+6cqxageJbgc-00572-00133791-00133887 have something that which
+6cqxageJbgc-00573-00133888-00134102 which is floating on the back over the
+6cqxageJbgc-00574-00134103-00134199 background
+6cqxageJbgc-00575-00134200-00134390 so something that is just being put
+6cqxageJbgc-00576-00134391-00134663 there it is not directly
+6cqxageJbgc-00577-00134664-00134951 influencing or connecting to the central
+6cqxageJbgc-00578-00134952-00135207 part of the page here
+6cqxageJbgc-00579-00135208-00135478 and while these boxes here are above
+6cqxageJbgc-00580-00135479-00135575 everything else
+6cqxageJbgc-00581-00135576-00135790 so they will affect all the content of
+6cqxageJbgc-00582-00135791-00135927 the page this is what
+6cqxageJbgc-00583-00135928-00136223 the visual design is telling us this was
+6cqxageJbgc-00584-00136224-00136431 tripadvisor by the way
+6cqxageJbgc-00585-00136432-00136702 and the nice part is that we can play
+6cqxageJbgc-00586-00136703-00136831 this game
+6cqxageJbgc-00587-00136832-00137071 also to websites that are in a language
+6cqxageJbgc-00588-00137072-00137247 or in a script that we totally don't
+6cqxageJbgc-00589-00137248-00137414 understand so probably i don't know if
+6cqxageJbgc-00590-00137415-00137559 there are any chinese here
+6cqxageJbgc-00591-00137560-00137847 they can read this content but just pick
+6cqxageJbgc-00592-00137848-00137999 any script or any language that you
+6cqxageJbgc-00593-00138000-00138151 totally don't understand
+6cqxageJbgc-00594-00138152-00138463 open a website and you are able to more
+6cqxageJbgc-00595-00138464-00138551 or less
+6cqxageJbgc-00596-00138552-00138831 understand the functionality the role of
+6cqxageJbgc-00597-00138832-00139183 the different parts of the page
+6cqxageJbgc-00598-00139184-00139511 based on these very simple criteria
+6cqxageJbgc-00599-00139512-00139854 size positioning spacing
+6cqxageJbgc-00600-00139855-00140207 fonts and colors and so on
+6cqxageJbgc-00601-00140208-00140527 okay so we are very accustomed to this
+6cqxageJbgc-00602-00140528-00140854 actually we are not
+6cqxageJbgc-00603-00140855-00141054 starting from zero from scratch every
+6cqxageJbgc-00604-00141055-00141278 time we open web page because
+6cqxageJbgc-00605-00141279-00141519 we assume that most web pages most
+6cqxageJbgc-00606-00141520-00141671 websites
+6cqxageJbgc-00607-00141672-00141943 are designed with more or less
+6cqxageJbgc-00608-00141944-00142095 consistent rules
+6cqxageJbgc-00609-00142096-00142439 okay we have a header for every website
+6cqxageJbgc-00610-00142440-00142719 we have maybe some menu here on the on
+6cqxageJbgc-00611-00142720-00142831 the left hand side
+6cqxageJbgc-00612-00142832-00143071 so local navigation that helps us to
+6cqxageJbgc-00613-00143072-00143278 move across the different sections
+6cqxageJbgc-00614-00143279-00143695 navigation will be on the left hand side
+6cqxageJbgc-00615-00143696-00144031 or in the top row
+6cqxageJbgc-00616-00144032-00144447 of the of the content we have some hints
+6cqxageJbgc-00617-00144448-00144871 for example there's a this item here
+6cqxageJbgc-00618-00144872-00145102 has a different color and it's telling
+6cqxageJbgc-00619-00145103-00145207 me where i
+6cqxageJbgc-00620-00145208-00145511 am at the moment the search button that
+6cqxageJbgc-00621-00145512-00145543 the
+6cqxageJbgc-00622-00145544-00145783 login logout and search functions are
+6cqxageJbgc-00623-00145784-00145911 always here
+6cqxageJbgc-00624-00145912-00146223 the logo of the website is always there
+6cqxageJbgc-00625-00146224-00146590 and so on okay and there there's also
+6cqxageJbgc-00626-00146591-00146775 some basic
+6cqxageJbgc-00627-00146776-00146999 information at the bottom of every page
+6cqxageJbgc-00628-00147000-00147207 that is about the whole site
+6cqxageJbgc-00629-00147208-00147471 website and it's probably will not
+6cqxageJbgc-00630-00147472-00147583 change when we move
+6cqxageJbgc-00631-00147584-00147743 from page to page and so on there's a
+6cqxageJbgc-00632-00147744-00147887 lot of conventions
+6cqxageJbgc-00633-00147888-00148111 that we find in all the websites that we
+6cqxageJbgc-00634-00148112-00148214 are visiting
+6cqxageJbgc-00635-00148215-00148439 so when we are when we are going to a
+6cqxageJbgc-00636-00148440-00148519 new page
+6cqxageJbgc-00637-00148520-00148702 we are already expecting some sort of
+6cqxageJbgc-00638-00148703-00148887 structure
+6cqxageJbgc-00639-00148888-00149102 okay and so we are trying we it will
+6cqxageJbgc-00640-00149103-00149295 help us to recognize the structure of a
+6cqxageJbgc-00641-00149296-00149478 new page because we already we already
+6cqxageJbgc-00642-00149479-00149535 saw
+6cqxageJbgc-00643-00149536-00149814 so many of them so many of similar ones
+6cqxageJbgc-00644-00149815-00149863 okay
+6cqxageJbgc-00645-00149864-00150023 they're using the same criteria so every
+6cqxageJbgc-00646-00150024-00150159 every website has a different
+6cqxageJbgc-00647-00150160-00150287 functionality different different
+6cqxageJbgc-00648-00150288-00150343 structures
+6cqxageJbgc-00649-00150344-00150590 different or and different contents but
+6cqxageJbgc-00650-00150591-00150663 the rules
+6cqxageJbgc-00651-00150664-00150966 are the same like when you buy and open
+6cqxageJbgc-00652-00150967-00151063 a book
+6cqxageJbgc-00653-00151064-00151319 you expect the titles to be written in
+6cqxageJbgc-00654-00151320-00151390 bold face
+6cqxageJbgc-00655-00151391-00151590 at the top of the page the title will
+6cqxageJbgc-00656-00151591-00151831 not be written the title of a chapter
+6cqxageJbgc-00657-00151832-00151999 will not be written sideways in the
+6cqxageJbgc-00658-00152000-00152190 border for example in the margin
+6cqxageJbgc-00659-00152191-00152487 they will be centered or very uh say
+6cqxageJbgc-00660-00152488-00152575 large
+6cqxageJbgc-00661-00152576-00152831 in the in the in the upper part of the
+6cqxageJbgc-00662-00152832-00152902 page
+6cqxageJbgc-00663-00152903-00153151 of your book and that is what is telling
+6cqxageJbgc-00664-00153152-00153254 you that this is
+6cqxageJbgc-00665-00153255-00153487 the chapter name you don't need to to
+6cqxageJbgc-00666-00153488-00153590 see the word
+6cqxageJbgc-00667-00153591-00153902 chapter you just recognize it
+6cqxageJbgc-00668-00153903-00154102 from the space in the fonts and all the
+6cqxageJbgc-00669-00154103-00154399 typographical conventions
+6cqxageJbgc-00670-00154400-00154799 and the way we are intuitively
+6cqxageJbgc-00671-00154800-00155087 getting all this information is because
+6cqxageJbgc-00672-00155088-00155263 our brain
+6cqxageJbgc-00673-00155264-00155614 is working on a continuous
+6cqxageJbgc-00674-00155615-00155823 classification of the information that
+6cqxageJbgc-00675-00155824-00156087 we are receiving that we are seeing
+6cqxageJbgc-00676-00156088-00156359 i'm talking basically especially about
+6cqxageJbgc-00677-00156360-00156431 the site
+6cqxageJbgc-00678-00156432-00156647 but also it is also will apply also to
+6cqxageJbgc-00679-00156648-00156766 hearing all to other
+6cqxageJbgc-00680-00156767-00157047 tool or to other to all other senses
+6cqxageJbgc-00681-00157048-00157214 that we have
+6cqxageJbgc-00682-00157215-00157511 and the the researchers in the
+6cqxageJbgc-00683-00157512-00157663 psychology field
+6cqxageJbgc-00684-00157664-00157959 try to classify the rules by which our
+6cqxageJbgc-00685-00157960-00158102 brain is working
+6cqxageJbgc-00686-00158103-00158366 about with some perception print
+6cqxageJbgc-00687-00158367-00158439 principles
+6cqxageJbgc-00688-00158440-00158702 principles of perception uh they were
+6cqxageJbgc-00689-00158703-00158783 called
+6cqxageJbgc-00690-00158784-00159054 they were using the usually the german
+6cqxageJbgc-00691-00159055-00159143 word which is
+6cqxageJbgc-00692-00159144-00159471 gestalt okay so they are something that
+6cqxageJbgc-00693-00159472-00159854 dates uh a hundred years back
+6cqxageJbgc-00694-00159855-00160295 in the 1920s and they were trying to
+6cqxageJbgc-00695-00160296-00160614 understand how our eyes and our brains
+6cqxageJbgc-00696-00160615-00160695 are processing
+6cqxageJbgc-00697-00160696-00161007 the objects and information that we see
+6cqxageJbgc-00698-00161008-00161223 and where we see patterns and when we
+6cqxageJbgc-00699-00161224-00161566 see disconnected elements so where
+6cqxageJbgc-00700-00161567-00161823 what are the conditions by which our
+6cqxageJbgc-00701-00161824-00161935 brain is seeing
+6cqxageJbgc-00702-00161936-00162078 some connections and without the
+6cqxageJbgc-00703-00162079-00162271 condition by which our brain is that
+6cqxageJbgc-00704-00162272-00162447 doesn't see any connection it just
+6cqxageJbgc-00705-00162448-00162639 perceives separate elements
+6cqxageJbgc-00706-00162640-00162935 from each other's and so we learned how
+6cqxageJbgc-00707-00162936-00163039 the work
+6cqxageJbgc-00708-00163040-00163295 how the mind is working and therefore we
+6cqxageJbgc-00709-00163296-00163502 learned how to trick the mind
+6cqxageJbgc-00710-00163503-00163919 into steering our mind into the right
+6cqxageJbgc-00711-00163920-00164023 direction
+6cqxageJbgc-00712-00164024-00164223 okay so there are some several
+6cqxageJbgc-00713-00164224-00164351 principles
+6cqxageJbgc-00714-00164352-00164590 uh here where i'm summarizing some of
+6cqxageJbgc-00715-00164591-00164702 them the most
+6cqxageJbgc-00716-00164703-00164895 important one the one that are most
+6cqxageJbgc-00717-00164896-00165054 frequently mentioned
+6cqxageJbgc-00718-00165055-00165590 like uh something that will help us
+6cqxageJbgc-00719-00165591-00165790 uh separate the foreground from the
+6cqxageJbgc-00720-00165791-00166007 background for example
+6cqxageJbgc-00721-00166008-00166295 okay for us the the foreground is
+6cqxageJbgc-00722-00166296-00166478 something which is stronger more stable
+6cqxageJbgc-00723-00166479-00166678 the background is more fuzzy
+6cqxageJbgc-00724-00166679-00167143 or or it's less defined
+6cqxageJbgc-00725-00167144-00167447 our eyes prefer cloth
+6cqxageJbgc-00726-00167448-00167663 shapes so if we see something which is
+6cqxageJbgc-00727-00167664-00167799 open
+6cqxageJbgc-00728-00167800-00168111 we try immediately to complete
+6cqxageJbgc-00729-00168112-00168414 the shape with our eyes for example
+6cqxageJbgc-00730-00168415-00168687 uh even if uh i will see i will show
+6cqxageJbgc-00731-00168688-00168854 some examples later on
+6cqxageJbgc-00732-00168855-00169183 so we are seeing some
+6cqxageJbgc-00733-00169184-00169559 clause shapes when actually they are not
+6cqxageJbgc-00734-00169560-00169863 we are grouping elements so we
+6cqxageJbgc-00735-00169864-00170054 we think that different elements are
+6cqxageJbgc-00736-00170055-00170166 related
+6cqxageJbgc-00737-00170167-00170399 if they are together in the same region
+6cqxageJbgc-00738-00170400-00170543 they share
+6cqxageJbgc-00739-00170544-00170775 the same ground or they share the share
+6cqxageJbgc-00740-00170776-00170959 they share the same container
+6cqxageJbgc-00741-00170960-00171263 they should be related if different
+6cqxageJbgc-00742-00171264-00171447 elements are in the center column
+6cqxageJbgc-00743-00171448-00171647 they should be of the same type if they
+6cqxageJbgc-00744-00171648-00171807 are on the right column they should be
+6cqxageJbgc-00745-00171808-00172007 the same type
+6cqxageJbgc-00746-00172008-00172238 if elements are connected they touch
+6cqxageJbgc-00747-00172239-00172407 each other
+6cqxageJbgc-00748-00172408-00172575 they are close to each other they should
+6cqxageJbgc-00749-00172576-00172726 be connected so how that's
+6cqxageJbgc-00750-00172727-00172911 how we associate the title with the
+6cqxageJbgc-00751-00172912-00173095 picture of the article
+6cqxageJbgc-00752-00173096-00173271 the picture is connected to the title
+6cqxageJbgc-00753-00173272-00173654 because they are close together
+6cqxageJbgc-00754-00173655-00173959 and the article follow one after the
+6cqxageJbgc-00755-00173960-00174183 other
+6cqxageJbgc-00756-00174184-00174526 uh we also have a good association with
+6cqxageJbgc-00757-00174527-00174847 with shapes so if elements have the same
+6cqxageJbgc-00758-00174848-00174926 shape
+6cqxageJbgc-00759-00174927-00175183 they should be related so all stars
+6cqxageJbgc-00760-00175184-00175271 should be in
+6cqxageJbgc-00761-00175272-00175599 a way connected and and and
+6cqxageJbgc-00762-00175600-00175926 and so on okay uh others uh
+6cqxageJbgc-00763-00175927-00176302 other important ones are the regularity
+6cqxageJbgc-00764-00176303-00176631 okay something that is uh follows a
+6cqxageJbgc-00765-00176632-00176695 pattern
+6cqxageJbgc-00766-00176696-00176847 and then if you break the pattern
+6cqxageJbgc-00767-00176848-00177031 something changes you
+6cqxageJbgc-00768-00177032-00177247 even if the spacing is the same you see
+6cqxageJbgc-00769-00177248-00177375 a disconnection
+6cqxageJbgc-00770-00177376-00177559 and you imagine two different groups
+6cqxageJbgc-00771-00177560-00177719 instead of one
+6cqxageJbgc-00772-00177720-00178023 and the same goes for symmetry
+6cqxageJbgc-00773-00178024-00178319 and which is another principle okay
+6cqxageJbgc-00774-00178320-00178519 about uh
+6cqxageJbgc-00775-00178520-00178790 having something symmetrical like in
+6cqxageJbgc-00776-00178791-00178935 these slides we have two lists
+6cqxageJbgc-00777-00178936-00179159 one on the left and one on the right and
+6cqxageJbgc-00778-00179160-00179278 we are saying okay they
+6cqxageJbgc-00779-00179279-00179454 are connected they are related to each
+6cqxageJbgc-00780-00179455-00179687 other because they they appear
+6cqxageJbgc-00781-00179688-00180078 um say in uh
+6cqxageJbgc-00782-00180079-00180326 say symmetrical to each other so let's
+6cqxageJbgc-00783-00180327-00180390 let's see some
+6cqxageJbgc-00784-00180391-00180711 some examples okay okay this one the top
+6cqxageJbgc-00785-00180712-00180823 right we we
+6cqxageJbgc-00786-00180824-00181007 recognize this is the famous optical
+6cqxageJbgc-00787-00181008-00181199 illusion where
+6cqxageJbgc-00788-00181200-00181575 depending on how you uh you see that
+6cqxageJbgc-00789-00181576-00181887 you will you will perceive
+6cqxageJbgc-00790-00181888-00182159 two faces of people looking at each
+6cqxageJbgc-00791-00182160-00182223 other
+6cqxageJbgc-00792-00182224-00182535 or just a vase in the in the middle
+6cqxageJbgc-00793-00182536-00182823 okay and there's no right answer it's
+6cqxageJbgc-00794-00182824-00182999 just the brain is not decided
+6cqxageJbgc-00795-00183000-00183166 which one is the foreground and which
+6cqxageJbgc-00796-00183167-00183319 one is the background
+6cqxageJbgc-00797-00183320-00183575 because there's a good balance of and
+6cqxageJbgc-00798-00183576-00183623 this
+6cqxageJbgc-00799-00183624-00183902 this other example here we actually we
+6cqxageJbgc-00800-00183903-00183951 have the
+6cqxageJbgc-00801-00183952-00184166 the white shape which is looks like an
+6cqxageJbgc-00802-00184167-00184319 apple but we have
+6cqxageJbgc-00803-00184320-00184654 also the the the
+6cqxageJbgc-00804-00184655-00185007 the black face here and we
+6cqxageJbgc-00805-00185008-00185231 we don't know whether the black is the
+6cqxageJbgc-00806-00185232-00185423 background of the apple
+6cqxageJbgc-00807-00185424-00185766 or whether the uh the white
+6cqxageJbgc-00808-00185767-00186175 is the background for the face
+6cqxageJbgc-00809-00186176-00186359 it's you know i say it's a game we are
+6cqxageJbgc-00810-00186360-00186590 playing just for optical illusions
+6cqxageJbgc-00811-00186591-00186823 but we are applying them everywhere in
+6cqxageJbgc-00812-00186824-00187007 the design
+6cqxageJbgc-00813-00187008-00187302 so for example here we have an element
+6cqxageJbgc-00814-00187303-00187383 which is
+6cqxageJbgc-00815-00187384-00187702 of course on top of another and this
+6cqxageJbgc-00816-00187703-00187750 other
+6cqxageJbgc-00817-00187751-00188047 is on top of the background so we have a
+6cqxageJbgc-00818-00188048-00188143 hierarchy
+6cqxageJbgc-00819-00188144-00188438 of elements which are one above the
+6cqxageJbgc-00820-00188439-00188550 other
+6cqxageJbgc-00821-00188551-00188814 i am below we are above it and the other
+6cqxageJbgc-00822-00188815-00188950 one is still more
+6cqxageJbgc-00823-00188951-00189366 uh on on on the third level
+6cqxageJbgc-00824-00189367-00189671 so we are using them to uh to give
+6cqxageJbgc-00825-00189672-00189743 hierarchy
+6cqxageJbgc-00826-00189744-00190087 to the objects also here for example
+6cqxageJbgc-00827-00190088-00190271 we have a background this is clearly
+6cqxageJbgc-00828-00190272-00190447 background and these are clear
+6cqxageJbgc-00829-00190448-00190783 elements on the background this is
+6cqxageJbgc-00830-00190784-00190959 another element on the same background
+6cqxageJbgc-00831-00190960-00190999 which
+6cqxageJbgc-00832-00191000-00191335 which by itself creates a new background
+6cqxageJbgc-00833-00191336-00191575 where there's a new foreground elements
+6cqxageJbgc-00834-00191576-00191790 on top of that
+6cqxageJbgc-00835-00191791-00191999 so that will give us the way if you
+6cqxageJbgc-00836-00192000-00192231 imagine that in three dimensions
+6cqxageJbgc-00837-00192232-00192519 of separating different layers and
+6cqxageJbgc-00838-00192520-00192671 different layers will have different
+6cqxageJbgc-00839-00192672-00192719 meanings
+6cqxageJbgc-00840-00192720-00192926 one is the background of the page one is
+6cqxageJbgc-00841-00192927-00193102 the container of the menu
+6cqxageJbgc-00842-00193103-00193575 and one is the the item of the menu
+6cqxageJbgc-00843-00193576-00193887 because one each one of them is
+6cqxageJbgc-00844-00193888-00194143 on top of another is the figure is the
+6cqxageJbgc-00845-00194144-00194247 foreground
+6cqxageJbgc-00846-00194248-00194759 over with respect to another background
+6cqxageJbgc-00847-00194760-00194966 and that's why also we don't care too
+6cqxageJbgc-00848-00194967-00195190 much about this image here
+6cqxageJbgc-00849-00195191-00195343 we have in the background because we
+6cqxageJbgc-00850-00195344-00195583 already classified it as a background
+6cqxageJbgc-00851-00195584-00195887 is it hurt is the moon we don't care
+6cqxageJbgc-00852-00195888-00196111 since we have some text which is written
+6cqxageJbgc-00853-00196112-00196238 on top of that
+6cqxageJbgc-00854-00196239-00196526 immediately we classify this image you
+6cqxageJbgc-00855-00196527-00196799 are just a background
+6cqxageJbgc-00856-00196800-00197095 okay so so you have just an aesthetical
+6cqxageJbgc-00857-00197096-00197487 purpose
+6cqxageJbgc-00858-00197488-00197719 what do you see in the top right figures
+6cqxageJbgc-00859-00197720-00197799 here
+6cqxageJbgc-00860-00197800-00198223 for example so
+6cqxageJbgc-00861-00198224-00198511 in the in the let's start from the right
+6cqxageJbgc-00862-00198512-00198550 hand
+6cqxageJbgc-00863-00198551-00198831 uh picture this one how would you
+6cqxageJbgc-00864-00198832-00199175 describe it
+6cqxageJbgc-00865-00199176-00199463 i would say that there are several
+6cqxageJbgc-00866-00199464-00199543 columns
+6cqxageJbgc-00867-00199544-00199871 of squares
+6cqxageJbgc-00868-00199872-00200071 i don't think anybody will describe it
+6cqxageJbgc-00869-00200072-00200238 as having a rows or spec
+6cqxageJbgc-00870-00200239-00200631 of squares right so we are instinctively
+6cqxageJbgc-00871-00200632-00200726 grouping
+6cqxageJbgc-00872-00200727-00201190 the squares in columns instead of rows
+6cqxageJbgc-00873-00201191-00201454 why because all of the elements in the
+6cqxageJbgc-00874-00201455-00201599 same row have some
+6cqxageJbgc-00875-00201600-00201863 common attribute they have all the same
+6cqxageJbgc-00876-00201864-00202047 color
+6cqxageJbgc-00877-00202048-00202471 by the way some are colored
+6cqxageJbgc-00878-00202472-00202838 and some are gray
+6cqxageJbgc-00879-00202839-00203087 and the others are grey so in a way
+6cqxageJbgc-00880-00203088-00203423 these the gray ones
+6cqxageJbgc-00881-00203424-00203623 more or less tend to have the role of a
+6cqxageJbgc-00882-00203624-00203783 sort of a background
+6cqxageJbgc-00883-00203784-00204214 on which the colored column will appear
+6cqxageJbgc-00884-00204215-00204519 so it's a way of just why
+6cqxageJbgc-00885-00204520-00204702 why is the gray considered at the
+6cqxageJbgc-00886-00204703-00204846 background not because
+6cqxageJbgc-00887-00204848-00205175 it's gray but because
+6cqxageJbgc-00888-00205176-00205510 it's a continuous it is constant
+6cqxageJbgc-00889-00205511-00205798 and the others are varying so they give
+6cqxageJbgc-00890-00205800-00205951 you more information they give you more
+6cqxageJbgc-00891-00205952-00206166 variability
+6cqxageJbgc-00892-00206167-00206358 so something which is similar the gray
+6cqxageJbgc-00893-00206359-00206582 which is similar everywhere
+6cqxageJbgc-00894-00206583-00206766 has less importance because it's
+6cqxageJbgc-00895-00206767-00207031 everywhere then something which is
+6cqxageJbgc-00896-00207032-00207286 special and a group of elements that
+6cqxageJbgc-00897-00207287-00207598 share the same special attribute
+6cqxageJbgc-00898-00207600-00207871 that's the rule why we grouped the where
+6cqxageJbgc-00899-00207871-00207975 we considered
+6cqxageJbgc-00900-00207976-00208303 oops yeah i i can't i can't use
+6cqxageJbgc-00901-00208304-00208631 this object here in the same way
+6cqxageJbgc-00902-00208632-00208927 why we group these articles here on the
+6cqxageJbgc-00903-00208928-00209038 right
+6cqxageJbgc-00904-00209039-00209223 we consider them to be different from
+6cqxageJbgc-00905-00209223-00209575 the others because they are similar
+6cqxageJbgc-00906-00209576-00209751 among themselves and they are different
+6cqxageJbgc-00907-00209752-00209879 from the others that
+6cqxageJbgc-00908-00209880-00210175 follow different rules also these ones
+6cqxageJbgc-00909-00210176-00210271 here
+6cqxageJbgc-00910-00210271-00210575 in a way are different in shape
+6cqxageJbgc-00911-00210576-00210934 because we have picture and text
+6cqxageJbgc-00912-00210935-00211191 and the others are different in shape
+6cqxageJbgc-00913-00211192-00211271 because we have
+6cqxageJbgc-00914-00211271-00211623 picture and title so
+6cqxageJbgc-00915-00211623-00211942 this is a sort of important
+6cqxageJbgc-00916-00211944-00212175 uh news this is sort of important news
+6cqxageJbgc-00917-00212176-00212263 this is sort of
+6cqxageJbgc-00918-00212264-00212606 less important news because it's
+6cqxageJbgc-00919-00212607-00212910 different so it should have a different
+6cqxageJbgc-00920-00212911-00213223 importance and it's smaller so it should
+6cqxageJbgc-00921-00213223-00213351 be less important
+6cqxageJbgc-00922-00213352-00213782 and these will be something else
+6cqxageJbgc-00923-00213783-00214015 as because they are different from all
+6cqxageJbgc-00924-00214016-00214167 the news that we have on the left-hand
+6cqxageJbgc-00925-00214167-00214271 side
+6cqxageJbgc-00926-00214271-00214510 okay the same is here for this picture
+6cqxageJbgc-00927-00214511-00214703 we see a sort of a square
+6cqxageJbgc-00928-00214704-00215055 made of of circles
+6cqxageJbgc-00929-00215056-00215455 inside the background made of triangles
+6cqxageJbgc-00930-00215456-00215798 okay so the circle circles
+6cqxageJbgc-00931-00215800-00216094 should be in some way our brain's brain
+6cqxageJbgc-00932-00216096-00216263 is telling us they are in some way
+6cqxageJbgc-00933-00216264-00216406 connected
+6cqxageJbgc-00934-00216407-00216727 okay very simply
+6cqxageJbgc-00935-00216728-00217142 these three elements
+6cqxageJbgc-00936-00217144-00217334 are similar to each other and they are
+6cqxageJbgc-00937-00217335-00217558 different from this one
+6cqxageJbgc-00938-00217559-00217734 so these three should share some
+6cqxageJbgc-00939-00217735-00217863 functionality
+6cqxageJbgc-00940-00217864-00218175 which is different from this one even if
+6cqxageJbgc-00941-00218176-00218510 even before we realize that some are
+6cqxageJbgc-00942-00218511-00218863 text boxes and some are buttons
+6cqxageJbgc-00943-00218864-00219271 and also this is green with white text
+6cqxageJbgc-00944-00219271-00219582 and should in some way be related to the
+6cqxageJbgc-00945-00219583-00219694 green
+6cqxageJbgc-00946-00219696-00220046 with white text up there by the way
+6cqxageJbgc-00947-00220048-00220271 on a closer inspection sign up and sign
+6cqxageJbgc-00948-00220271-00220510 up are the same words
+6cqxageJbgc-00949-00220511-00220734 so they are similar so even if they have
+6cqxageJbgc-00950-00220735-00220863 a
+6cqxageJbgc-00951-00220864-00221142 different size and different positioning
+6cqxageJbgc-00952-00221144-00221342 they share the same color they change
+6cqxageJbgc-00953-00221344-00221631 they share more or less the same text so
+6cqxageJbgc-00954-00221632-00221751 we know that they are
+6cqxageJbgc-00955-00221752-00222103 they should be related in some way
+6cqxageJbgc-00956-00222104-00222358 so we are our brain automatically
+6cqxageJbgc-00957-00222359-00222423 without us
+6cqxageJbgc-00958-00222423-00222831 thinking subconsciously is a attaching
+6cqxageJbgc-00959-00222832-00222975 semantic
+6cqxageJbgc-00960-00222976-00223294 relationship similarity relationship or
+6cqxageJbgc-00961-00223296-00223663 just on the basis of visual attributes
+6cqxageJbgc-00962-00223664-00223815 again let's start from the abstract
+6cqxageJbgc-00963-00223816-00224006 example here on the top right
+6cqxageJbgc-00964-00224007-00224503 what are you seeing i see three groups
+6cqxageJbgc-00965-00224504-00224887 of dots these two dots
+6cqxageJbgc-00966-00224888-00225294 these two this group of eight
+6cqxageJbgc-00967-00225296-00225598 even if they are identical to these ones
+6cqxageJbgc-00968-00225600-00225894 i tend to consider them together as
+6cqxageJbgc-00969-00225896-00226103 group one and two
+6cqxageJbgc-00970-00226104-00226463 we are not considering black dots and
+6cqxageJbgc-00971-00226464-00226623 red dots
+6cqxageJbgc-00972-00226623-00226882 the main division here is not black and
+6cqxageJbgc-00973-00226883-00227015 red
+6cqxageJbgc-00974-00227016-00227510 it's a one two three left middle right
+6cqxageJbgc-00975-00227511-00227855 so the spacing that we have here
+6cqxageJbgc-00976-00227856-00228182 the the separation done by the spacing
+6cqxageJbgc-00977-00228183-00228455 is stronger by the similarity
+6cqxageJbgc-00978-00228456-00228846 given by the color okay we could play
+6cqxageJbgc-00979-00228848-00228998 with colors here
+6cqxageJbgc-00980-00229000-00229303 because the spacing was all the same and
+6cqxageJbgc-00981-00229304-00229551 so the important grouping element
+6cqxageJbgc-00982-00229552-00229855 was color here the spacing
+6cqxageJbgc-00983-00229856-00230175 is a stronger force and so our first
+6cqxageJbgc-00984-00230176-00230319 level grouping is
+6cqxageJbgc-00985-00230319-00230742 spacing and for example this is why
+6cqxageJbgc-00986-00230744-00231039 we you see that we have a spacing here
+6cqxageJbgc-00987-00231040-00231103 which is
+6cqxageJbgc-00988-00231104-00231479 sorry smaller than what we have there
+6cqxageJbgc-00989-00231480-00231815 this is smaller this is larger so these
+6cqxageJbgc-00990-00231816-00231934 two
+6cqxageJbgc-00991-00231935-00232263 are closer than these two
+6cqxageJbgc-00992-00232264-00232503 and this means that this label which
+6cqxageJbgc-00993-00232504-00232663 will always be associated with the
+6cqxageJbgc-00994-00232664-00232887 element on top
+6cqxageJbgc-00995-00232888-00233046 just because of the space we don't need
+6cqxageJbgc-00996-00233048-00233327 any lines any dividers
+6cqxageJbgc-00997-00233328-00233598 just spacing okay and the same for these
+6cqxageJbgc-00998-00233600-00233775 articles here
+6cqxageJbgc-00999-00233776-00234103 we have some space here
+6cqxageJbgc-01000-00234104-00234327 which is bigger than the space we have
+6cqxageJbgc-01001-00234328-00234631 here and so this will automatically link
+6cqxageJbgc-01002-00234632-00235063 this picture and detectors together
+6cqxageJbgc-01003-00235064-00235358 we do that every time but if we think
+6cqxageJbgc-01004-00235359-00235519 about this we can exploit it
+6cqxageJbgc-01005-00235519-00235887 in our designs okay to to use it for our
+6cqxageJbgc-01006-00235888-00236215 purposes and if these
+6cqxageJbgc-01007-00236216-00236439 basic hints are not enough we can use
+6cqxageJbgc-01008-00236440-00236775 some stronger or more explicit hints
+6cqxageJbgc-01009-00236776-00237167 like grouping okay creating regions
+6cqxageJbgc-01010-00237167-00237431 creating sharing backgrounds
+6cqxageJbgc-01011-00237432-00237815 so for example in in the left
+6cqxageJbgc-01012-00237816-00238198 picture we have this pinterest that
+6cqxageJbgc-01013-00238200-00238398 holds the pictures of all the of all
+6cqxageJbgc-01014-00238400-00238671 sizes and so they are very irregular in
+6cqxageJbgc-01015-00238671-00238734 shapes and
+6cqxageJbgc-01016-00238735-00238958 in the in colors and aspect ratios and
+6cqxageJbgc-01017-00238959-00239046 so on
+6cqxageJbgc-01018-00239048-00239415 so for associating the title with the
+6cqxageJbgc-01019-00239416-00239687 with the image they decided to create a
+6cqxageJbgc-01020-00239688-00239806 container
+6cqxageJbgc-01021-00239807-00240046 this container is made of round borders
+6cqxageJbgc-01022-00240048-00240246 okay one two
+6cqxageJbgc-01023-00240248-00240503 three and four round borders and a white
+6cqxageJbgc-01024-00240504-00240639 background
+6cqxageJbgc-01025-00240640-00240951 the combination of these elements
+6cqxageJbgc-01026-00240952-00241294 let you imagine of seeing cards in your
+6cqxageJbgc-01027-00241296-00241775 page so cards over a great background
+6cqxageJbgc-01028-00241776-00242015 and so inside the cards you have
+6cqxageJbgc-01029-00242016-00242223 different elements you will never try to
+6cqxageJbgc-01030-00242223-00242367 associate
+6cqxageJbgc-01031-00242367-00242671 never this text with this image
+6cqxageJbgc-01032-00242671-00242910 because it crosses a border they cannot
+6cqxageJbgc-01033-00242911-00243039 be together
+6cqxageJbgc-01034-00243040-00243367 or this text set to that text they cross
+6cqxageJbgc-01035-00243367-00243471 a border here
+6cqxageJbgc-01036-00243471-00243775 they are in different cards in different
+6cqxageJbgc-01037-00243776-00244119 contained by different containers
+6cqxageJbgc-01038-00244119-00244351 and this the same here like is this
+6cqxageJbgc-01039-00244352-00244519 twitter on the right
+6cqxageJbgc-01040-00244519-00244758 we have the container of the of the
+6cqxageJbgc-01041-00244759-00244887 conversation
+6cqxageJbgc-01042-00244888-00245375 that contains a tweet and it's comments
+6cqxageJbgc-01043-00245376-00245575 okay so we have two separate containers
+6cqxageJbgc-01044-00245576-00245710 the tweet and the comments with
+6cqxageJbgc-01045-00245711-00245887 different backgrounds
+6cqxageJbgc-01046-00245888-00246110 and they are both contained into one big
+6cqxageJbgc-01047-00246111-00246271 container which is the conversation of
+6cqxageJbgc-01048-00246271-00246415 the thread
+6cqxageJbgc-01049-00246416-00246727 or or maybe it's facebook no it's uh
+6cqxageJbgc-01050-00246728-00246927 it's more it's fabulous it's fake it was
+6cqxageJbgc-01051-00246928-00247071 one old version of facebook
+6cqxageJbgc-01052-00247071-00247415 basically but we see we don't need
+6cqxageJbgc-01053-00247416-00247630 a lot of space we just did a need a
+6cqxageJbgc-01054-00247631-00247823 couple of pixels
+6cqxageJbgc-01055-00247823-00248142 a change of colors even a slight chance
+6cqxageJbgc-01056-00248144-00248430 of colors maybe some borders
+6cqxageJbgc-01057-00248431-00248742 that gives us the illusion of a shape
+6cqxageJbgc-01058-00248744-00249127 the illusion of a container that will
+6cqxageJbgc-01059-00249128-00249430 explicitly group some elements
+6cqxageJbgc-01060-00249431-00249671 on top of what the spacing and the other
+6cqxageJbgc-01061-00249671-00250142 similarity attributes are doing
+6cqxageJbgc-01062-00250144-00250367 we also are seeking our brain is
+6cqxageJbgc-01063-00250367-00250527 continually seeking for consuming
+6cqxageJbgc-01064-00250528-00250630 continuity
+6cqxageJbgc-01065-00250631-00250846 okay so what you see here in the
+6cqxageJbgc-01066-00250848-00250991 abstract picture that you have in the
+6cqxageJbgc-01067-00250992-00251303 corner
+6cqxageJbgc-01068-00251304-00251630 i see an horizontal line and a straight
+6cqxageJbgc-01069-00251631-00251679 line
+6cqxageJbgc-01070-00251680-00252006 and another curve
+6cqxageJbgc-01071-00252007-00252342 which is crossing it i don't see
+6cqxageJbgc-01072-00252344-00252494 we tend to group the lines by
+6cqxageJbgc-01073-00252496-00252679 continuation and
+6cqxageJbgc-01074-00252680-00252967 which is stronger than the similarity of
+6cqxageJbgc-01075-00252967-00253119 the color
+6cqxageJbgc-01076-00253119-00253471 okay we don't see a shape like this plus
+6cqxageJbgc-01077-00253471-00253815 and a shape like that sorry for the
+6cqxageJbgc-01078-00253816-00254079 for the drawing they would not make
+6cqxageJbgc-01079-00254080-00254134 sense
+6cqxageJbgc-01080-00254135-00254351 in our case it's a line and a curve that
+6cqxageJbgc-01081-00254352-00254519 crosses it
+6cqxageJbgc-01082-00254519-00254775 so we're trying to continue the shape so
+6cqxageJbgc-01083-00254776-00254887 if we have a list
+6cqxageJbgc-01084-00254888-00255246 of elements one two three four five
+6cqxageJbgc-01085-00255248-00255455 our brain is expecting the list to
+6cqxageJbgc-01086-00255456-00255655 continue to have a five
+6cqxageJbgc-01087-00255656-00255919 six and seven and eight so every hint
+6cqxageJbgc-01088-00255919-00256055 about a
+6cqxageJbgc-01089-00256056-00256319 continuation is welcome okay we already
+6cqxageJbgc-01090-00256319-00256375 know
+6cqxageJbgc-01091-00256376-00256582 what will happen here the list will just
+6cqxageJbgc-01092-00256583-00256758 go forward
+6cqxageJbgc-01093-00256759-00256991 because uh once we learn that we have
+6cqxageJbgc-01094-00256992-00257142 one two three four
+6cqxageJbgc-01095-00257144-00257439 five books it's easy to say that there
+6cqxageJbgc-01096-00257440-00257630 will be a sixth and seventh and
+6cqxageJbgc-01097-00257631-00257903 and and more okay in in the same way
+6cqxageJbgc-01098-00257904-00258055 they should be have the same space in
+6cqxageJbgc-01099-00258056-00258142 the same
+6cqxageJbgc-01100-00258144-00258334 position and so on so it's just a
+6cqxageJbgc-01101-00258335-00258510 continuation it's a very simple
+6cqxageJbgc-01102-00258511-00258694 principle
+6cqxageJbgc-01103-00258696-00259006 so we have elements in a in in with a
+6cqxageJbgc-01104-00259007-00259271 given constant alignment that will
+6cqxageJbgc-01105-00259271-00259415 create a sequence
+6cqxageJbgc-01106-00259416-00259663 okay right now this sequence is explicit
+6cqxageJbgc-01107-00259664-00259863 because we have one two and three
+6cqxageJbgc-01108-00259864-00260094 but we don't need those our brain is
+6cqxageJbgc-01109-00260096-00260206 already
+6cqxageJbgc-01110-00260207-00260510 creating the list in our mind the
+6cqxageJbgc-01111-00260511-00260646 closure principle
+6cqxageJbgc-01112-00260648-00261023 you see uh in here we are seeing a zebra
+6cqxageJbgc-01113-00261023-00261279 animal but if you look closer the zebra
+6cqxageJbgc-01114-00261280-00261334 is not
+6cqxageJbgc-01115-00261335-00261694 thrown anyway it's not close there is no
+6cqxageJbgc-01116-00261696-00261871 contour of the zebra we are just
+6cqxageJbgc-01117-00261871-00261998 imagining a contour but
+6cqxageJbgc-01118-00262000-00262247 it's not there it's just a set of
+6cqxageJbgc-01119-00262248-00262343 stripes
+6cqxageJbgc-01120-00262344-00262687 disconnected from each other he's not a
+6cqxageJbgc-01121-00262688-00262943 single animal but our brain
+6cqxageJbgc-01122-00262944-00263223 wants to see something closed okay you
+6cqxageJbgc-01123-00263224-00263343 see this in a lot of
+6cqxageJbgc-01124-00263344-00263703 logos or images the logo
+6cqxageJbgc-01125-00263704-00263967 the logo of ibm reads ibm even if they
+6cqxageJbgc-01126-00263968-00264127 are just disconnected lines
+6cqxageJbgc-01127-00264128-00264375 but we we our brain is completing the
+6cqxageJbgc-01128-00264376-00264575 line is closing them
+6cqxageJbgc-01129-00264576-00265063 oh sorry it's closing them
+6cqxageJbgc-01130-00265064-00265447 and so on we are
+6cqxageJbgc-01131-00265448-00265863 we are seeing
+6cqxageJbgc-01132-00265864-00266063 i don't know why it's doing that we see
+6cqxageJbgc-01133-00266064-00266199 a heart here
+6cqxageJbgc-01134-00266200-00266567 in the middle uh but the heart is not
+6cqxageJbgc-01135-00266568-00266975 drawn anywhere it's just a closure
+6cqxageJbgc-01136-00266976-00267247 the closing shape from these strange
+6cqxageJbgc-01137-00267248-00267310 shapes
+6cqxageJbgc-01138-00267311-00267599 shapes that are made by the white leaves
+6cqxageJbgc-01139-00267600-00267767 in some way
+6cqxageJbgc-01140-00267768-00268055 so this this principle doesn't have much
+6cqxageJbgc-01141-00268056-00268191 uh
+6cqxageJbgc-01142-00268192-00268423 is not used very much into website
+6cqxageJbgc-01143-00268424-00268606 designs it's more on the graphical
+6cqxageJbgc-01144-00268607-00268767 designs and the logo and so on
+6cqxageJbgc-01145-00268768-00269079 something like that and the other strong
+6cqxageJbgc-01146-00269080-00269310 element is that of discontinuity so the
+6cqxageJbgc-01147-00269311-00269439 so-called focal point
+6cqxageJbgc-01148-00269440-00269743 is something is very very different
+6cqxageJbgc-01149-00269744-00270063 the red square is red
+6cqxageJbgc-01150-00270064-00270406 it's square and it's rotated and it's a
+6cqxageJbgc-01151-00270407-00270710 it's a shadow so all the possible
+6cqxageJbgc-01152-00270711-00270919 attributes make it different
+6cqxageJbgc-01153-00270920-00271271 from the the black
+6cqxageJbgc-01154-00271272-00271599 dot circle okay so that will stand out
+6cqxageJbgc-01155-00271600-00271775 immediately
+6cqxageJbgc-01156-00271776-00272087 is the first point of attention then we
+6cqxageJbgc-01157-00272088-00272199 see all the rest but
+6cqxageJbgc-01158-00272200-00272406 first of all we are seeing the red
+6cqxageJbgc-01159-00272407-00272639 square we are seeing the red button we
+6cqxageJbgc-01160-00272640-00272847 are seeing the green button here
+6cqxageJbgc-01161-00272848-00273087 because they are they are unique in this
+6cqxageJbgc-01162-00273088-00273206 page
+6cqxageJbgc-01163-00273207-00273495 is the element that this page are trying
+6cqxageJbgc-01164-00273496-00273751 to
+6cqxageJbgc-01165-00273752-00273934 pull our attraction to to pull our
+6cqxageJbgc-01166-00273935-00274134 attention to
+6cqxageJbgc-01167-00274135-00274406 these are the elements that we want to
+6cqxageJbgc-01168-00274407-00274527 focus on
+6cqxageJbgc-01169-00274528-00274855 okay why because our brain is
+6cqxageJbgc-01170-00274856-00275039 classifying them as different from every
+6cqxageJbgc-01171-00275040-00275158 point of view so
+6cqxageJbgc-01172-00275159-00275406 they should be unique they're so
+6cqxageJbgc-01173-00275407-00275534 different that they should be more
+6cqxageJbgc-01174-00275535-00275871 important
+6cqxageJbgc-01175-00275872-00276134 uh if you are in our brain if you see a
+6cqxageJbgc-01176-00276135-00276303 lot of trees and then you see
+6cqxageJbgc-01177-00276304-00276527 something that looks like the head of a
+6cqxageJbgc-01178-00276528-00276639 tiger
+6cqxageJbgc-01179-00276640-00276887 well you're sure that your head your
+6cqxageJbgc-01180-00276888-00276958 brain will be
+6cqxageJbgc-01181-00276959-00277134 will ignore will be ignoring all the
+6cqxageJbgc-01182-00277135-00277343 trees and focus only on the tiger
+6cqxageJbgc-01183-00277344-00277471 because there will be
+6cqxageJbgc-01184-00277472-00277719 something that you should worry about
+6cqxageJbgc-01185-00277720-00277830 this is
+6cqxageJbgc-01186-00277831-00278023 you know that our brain is the same that
+6cqxageJbgc-01187-00278024-00278206 we have we have we had
+6cqxageJbgc-01188-00278207-00278534 60 000 years ago when our daily problem
+6cqxageJbgc-01189-00278535-00278855 was not being eaten
+6cqxageJbgc-01190-00278856-00279071 and so we are applying these principles
+6cqxageJbgc-01191-00279072-00279223 every day in every
+6cqxageJbgc-01192-00279224-00279430 and every little application in every
+6cqxageJbgc-01193-00279431-00279615 little interface in every little dialog
+6cqxageJbgc-01194-00279616-00279751 box
+6cqxageJbgc-01195-00279752-00280127 where you know we have some
+6cqxageJbgc-01196-00280128-00280334 for example while division in the left
+6cqxageJbgc-01197-00280335-00280487 we have some categories and
+6cqxageJbgc-01198-00280488-00280719 on the right we'll have the content and
+6cqxageJbgc-01199-00280720-00280839 if we have some nesting
+6cqxageJbgc-01200-00280840-00281143 visual nesting of elements they will
+6cqxageJbgc-01201-00281144-00281182 give
+6cqxageJbgc-01202-00281183-00281423 us relationships there will explicit
+6cqxageJbgc-01203-00281424-00281630 relationship because this picture
+6cqxageJbgc-01204-00281631-00281927 and the text and this price will all be
+6cqxageJbgc-01205-00281928-00282127 related to this book
+6cqxageJbgc-01206-00282128-00282351 and this text and this image and this
+6cqxageJbgc-01207-00282352-00282558 price will all be related to this other
+6cqxageJbgc-01208-00282559-00282606 book
+6cqxageJbgc-01209-00282607-00282903 and so on and all of these will be of
+6cqxageJbgc-01210-00282904-00282999 the same category
+6cqxageJbgc-01211-00283000-00283230 computer box because of this container
+6cqxageJbgc-01212-00283231-00283415 of course this is a very strong design
+6cqxageJbgc-01213-00283416-00283615 we will never design something which saw
+6cqxageJbgc-01214-00283616-00283927 thick borders and strong colors okay but
+6cqxageJbgc-01215-00283928-00284158 even if we are using more subtle colors
+6cqxageJbgc-01216-00284159-00284510 more thin borders uh
+6cqxageJbgc-01217-00284511-00284871 the effect is is processed by our brain
+6cqxageJbgc-01218-00284872-00285206 in uh in in also in that case so it will
+6cqxageJbgc-01219-00285207-00285503 have an effect also in that case
+6cqxageJbgc-01220-00285504-00285751 it looks like intuitive okay but we are
+6cqxageJbgc-01221-00285752-00286006 reverse engineering our intuition
+6cqxageJbgc-01222-00286007-00286271 our intuition to see how it works and to
+6cqxageJbgc-01223-00286272-00286582 exploit it
+6cqxageJbgc-01224-00286583-00286758 okay this is the general principle of
+6cqxageJbgc-01225-00286759-00286903 course now we
+6cqxageJbgc-01226-00286904-00287134 we should break it down into different
+6cqxageJbgc-01227-00287135-00287367 detail the more detailed categories
+6cqxageJbgc-01228-00287368-00287679 the first one that should
+6cqxageJbgc-01229-00287680-00287943 take probably two years just to explore
+6cqxageJbgc-01230-00287944-00288103 is text
+6cqxageJbgc-01231-00288104-00288482 and text is really a very complex design
+6cqxageJbgc-01232-00288483-00288687 element
+6cqxageJbgc-01233-00288688-00288958 texts you know that we have different
+6cqxageJbgc-01234-00288959-00289158 many fonts and the phones have different
+6cqxageJbgc-01235-00289159-00289287 faces
+6cqxageJbgc-01236-00289288-00289567 different styles different weights and
+6cqxageJbgc-01237-00289568-00289654 maybe bold
+6cqxageJbgc-01238-00289655-00290023 maybe super bowl maybe italic maybe
+6cqxageJbgc-01239-00290024-00290191 slanted and so on
+6cqxageJbgc-01240-00290192-00290671 uh and every type of font is
+6cqxageJbgc-01241-00290672-00291006 some way conveying a different style to
+6cqxageJbgc-01242-00291007-00291423 your website of course you should never
+6cqxageJbgc-01243-00291424-00291615 used too many fonts because then they
+6cqxageJbgc-01244-00291616-00291830 would become confusing okay
+6cqxageJbgc-01245-00291831-00292039 but if you're using two or three fonts
+6cqxageJbgc-01246-00292040-00292191 in a consistent way
+6cqxageJbgc-01247-00292192-00292351 you are giving a message that different
+6cqxageJbgc-01248-00292352-00292510 parts of the page
+6cqxageJbgc-01249-00292511-00292703 have different meaning or are related in
+6cqxageJbgc-01250-00292704-00292903 some way because they are using the same
+6cqxageJbgc-01251-00292904-00293015 fonts
+6cqxageJbgc-01252-00293016-00293263 and the within a font you are you can
+6cqxageJbgc-01253-00293264-00293399 play with the
+6cqxageJbgc-01254-00293400-00293647 especially with the with sizes so all
+6cqxageJbgc-01255-00293648-00293887 the height of the font
+6cqxageJbgc-01256-00293888-00294206 and all the distance between one line
+6cqxageJbgc-01257-00294207-00294239 and
+6cqxageJbgc-01258-00294240-00294606 and the next to give
+6cqxageJbgc-01259-00294607-00294927 you know space is a very strong force
+6cqxageJbgc-01260-00294928-00295254 to put together or pull away or push
+6cqxageJbgc-01261-00295255-00295519 away different elements of the page
+6cqxageJbgc-01262-00295520-00295775 just an example this you know being
+6cqxageJbgc-01263-00295776-00295967 expert in fonts is very very difficult
+6cqxageJbgc-01264-00295968-00296039 because there are
+6cqxageJbgc-01265-00296040-00296206 really complex objects if you look at
+6cqxageJbgc-01266-00296207-00296375 them and so we
+6cqxageJbgc-01267-00296376-00296703 rely on type systems in this case of
+6cqxageJbgc-01268-00296704-00297030 phone system for example if you go to
+6cqxageJbgc-01269-00297031-00297215 the material design website
+6cqxageJbgc-01270-00297216-00297551 we look we saw the the
+6cqxageJbgc-01271-00297552-00297919 the guideline last week they will tell
+6cqxageJbgc-01272-00297920-00297958 you
+6cqxageJbgc-01273-00297959-00298191 which fonts you should use in android
+6cqxageJbgc-01274-00298192-00298351 for example or in general
+6cqxageJbgc-01275-00298352-00298647 material design interfaces so you if you
+6cqxageJbgc-01276-00298648-00298823 want to create a website with material
+6cqxageJbgc-01277-00298824-00298927 design
+6cqxageJbgc-01278-00298928-00299223 use these fonts these are the ones that
+6cqxageJbgc-01279-00299224-00299310 are being
+6cqxageJbgc-01280-00299311-00299639 designed to work together with these
+6cqxageJbgc-01281-00299640-00299975 sizes so all the fonts in this case
+6cqxageJbgc-01282-00299976-00300263 they use the same typeface with
+6cqxageJbgc-01283-00300264-00300510 different weights a light a regular
+6cqxageJbgc-01284-00300511-00300991 medium with different sizes
+6cqxageJbgc-01285-00300992-00301310 and whether it should capitalize them or
+6cqxageJbgc-01286-00301311-00301471 not so for example you say that the
+6cqxageJbgc-01287-00301472-00301599 buttons
+6cqxageJbgc-01288-00301600-00301943 should have the same size
+6cqxageJbgc-01289-00301944-00302223 uh of the nose they should be smaller
+6cqxageJbgc-01290-00302224-00302295 than
+6cqxageJbgc-01291-00302296-00302543 the normal size of the body of the main
+6cqxageJbgc-01292-00302544-00302647 text
+6cqxageJbgc-01293-00302648-00302967 should be 16 points but button should be
+6cqxageJbgc-01294-00302968-00303079 smaller
+6cqxageJbgc-01295-00303080-00303358 but all caps so the text on the button
+6cqxageJbgc-01296-00303359-00303615 should be all capitals
+6cqxageJbgc-01297-00303616-00304023 and the but the letters
+6cqxageJbgc-01298-00304024-00304254 inside the button should have a larger
+6cqxageJbgc-01299-00304255-00304351 spacing
+6cqxageJbgc-01300-00304352-00304679 so you have an extra distance here
+6cqxageJbgc-01301-00304680-00304991 between this distance here
+6cqxageJbgc-01302-00304992-00305310 is increased 1.5 times
+6cqxageJbgc-01303-00305311-00305671 in a button it's smaller all capital
+6cqxageJbgc-01304-00305672-00305943 with more spacing like while the normal
+6cqxageJbgc-01305-00305944-00306023 body
+6cqxageJbgc-01306-00306024-00306334 is actually shorter
+6cqxageJbgc-01307-00306335-00306615 so the text is pushed together much
+6cqxageJbgc-01308-00306616-00306743 closer or a bit
+6cqxageJbgc-01309-00306744-00307063 closer than the default from uh from the
+6cqxageJbgc-01310-00307064-00307247 type space and so on i'm not sorry
+6cqxageJbgc-01311-00307248-00307591 is this more than so a bit more space
+6cqxageJbgc-01312-00307592-00307943 zero five the default is zero
+6cqxageJbgc-01313-00307944-00308310 for no extra spacing or negative for
+6cqxageJbgc-01314-00308311-00308687 pushing letter together so of course
+6cqxageJbgc-01315-00308688-00308887 we cannot justify all these numbers this
+6cqxageJbgc-01316-00308888-00308991 number come come
+6cqxageJbgc-01317-00308992-00309319 came from expert designers that
+6cqxageJbgc-01318-00309320-00309551 balance a lot of factors and say okay if
+6cqxageJbgc-01319-00309552-00309663 we use these rules
+6cqxageJbgc-01320-00309664-00310006 then we have a consistent uh appearance
+6cqxageJbgc-01321-00310007-00310071 of the page
+6cqxageJbgc-01322-00310072-00310351 people will be able at the first glance
+6cqxageJbgc-01323-00310352-00310551 to recognize what is the title
+6cqxageJbgc-01324-00310552-00310727 which title is more important where is
+6cqxageJbgc-01325-00310728-00310910 the body what's the subtitle what's the
+6cqxageJbgc-01326-00310911-00311063 battle and so on
+6cqxageJbgc-01327-00311064-00311447 so you choose a style
+6cqxageJbgc-01328-00311448-00311591 and you be consistent you will be
+6cqxageJbgc-01329-00311592-00311782 consistent with that style when you have
+6cqxageJbgc-01330-00311783-00312023 once you've chosen that and we have to
+6cqxageJbgc-01331-00312024-00312127 rely on
+6cqxageJbgc-01332-00312128-00312423 expert people that design or decides the
+6cqxageJbgc-01333-00312424-00312567 right combination of
+6cqxageJbgc-01334-00312568-00312967 fonts styles and and
+6cqxageJbgc-01335-00312968-00313391 sizes for us okay
+6cqxageJbgc-01336-00313392-00313727 this is a a comparison
+6cqxageJbgc-01337-00313728-00314063 between the same content
+6cqxageJbgc-01338-00314064-00314303 so these are two examples of the same
+6cqxageJbgc-01339-00314304-00314399 mobile
+6cqxageJbgc-01340-00314400-00314695 interface with they contain exactly the
+6cqxageJbgc-01341-00314696-00314863 same words
+6cqxageJbgc-01342-00314864-00315143 but they are different in terms of usage
+6cqxageJbgc-01343-00315144-00315287 of the text
+6cqxageJbgc-01344-00315288-00315782 okay so
+6cqxageJbgc-01345-00315783-00316047 what's the most important information
+6cqxageJbgc-01346-00316048-00316127 that you get
+6cqxageJbgc-01347-00316128-00316463 on the left interface
+6cqxageJbgc-01348-00316464-00316758 i think the first one is this and the
+6cqxageJbgc-01349-00316759-00316871 second is that
+6cqxageJbgc-01350-00316872-00317247 or vice versa i'm not sure which one
+6cqxageJbgc-01351-00317248-00317575 looks stronger to me
+6cqxageJbgc-01352-00317576-00317782 okay and this is an application for
+6cqxageJbgc-01353-00317783-00318175 paying your taxes or something like that
+6cqxageJbgc-01354-00318176-00318495 on the right hand side the
+6cqxageJbgc-01355-00318496-00318695 the information that stands out more is
+6cqxageJbgc-01356-00318696-00318815 this one
+6cqxageJbgc-01357-00318816-00319191 do you confirm that you want to pay
+6cqxageJbgc-01358-00319192-00319423 because actually i really don't need to
+6cqxageJbgc-01359-00319424-00319599 be reminded so strongly
+6cqxageJbgc-01360-00319600-00319895 of my name nor i need to be reminded of
+6cqxageJbgc-01361-00319896-00320047 the city where i live
+6cqxageJbgc-01362-00320048-00320351 i know that
+6cqxageJbgc-01363-00320352-00320703 but what i need to know is the action
+6cqxageJbgc-01364-00320704-00320815 that i'm doing at this step
+6cqxageJbgc-01365-00320816-00321103 so what's the most important role of
+6cqxageJbgc-01366-00321104-00321223 this page
+6cqxageJbgc-01367-00321224-00321392 okay we have the uh
+6cqxageJbgc-01368-00321393-00321527 [Music]
+6cqxageJbgc-01369-00321528-00321847 the the the the list of the payment that
+6cqxageJbgc-01370-00321848-00321951 you have to do
+6cqxageJbgc-01371-00321952-00322175 and then we are asking for confirmation
+6cqxageJbgc-01372-00322176-00322382 okay with this button
+6cqxageJbgc-01373-00322383-00322558 so but we are not confirmed i'm not
+6cqxageJbgc-01374-00322559-00322806 confirming my name or my not confirming
+6cqxageJbgc-01375-00322807-00322919 my my city
+6cqxageJbgc-01376-00322920-00323158 i'm confirming the payment so the
+6cqxageJbgc-01377-00323159-00323295 confirmation button
+6cqxageJbgc-01378-00323296-00323606 should be clear
+6cqxageJbgc-01379-00323607-00323751 when i click the confirmation button it
+6cqxageJbgc-01380-00323752-00323895 should be clear what i'm confirming and
+6cqxageJbgc-01381-00323896-00323967 confirming
+6cqxageJbgc-01382-00323968-00324239 the payment and all the numbers that we
+6cqxageJbgc-01383-00324240-00324415 have here
+6cqxageJbgc-01384-00324416-00324630 are important but the real important one
+6cqxageJbgc-01385-00324631-00324782 is just the total
+6cqxageJbgc-01386-00324783-00325103 so the total you see that is a is darker
+6cqxageJbgc-01387-00325104-00325463 is larger than the other partial numbers
+6cqxageJbgc-01388-00325464-00325799 everything is there we just adjusted
+6cqxageJbgc-01389-00325800-00326054 the text sizes and in some cases some
+6cqxageJbgc-01390-00326055-00326167 background color
+6cqxageJbgc-01391-00326168-00326415 for example this blue was too strong and
+6cqxageJbgc-01392-00326416-00326591 was competing for attention with the
+6cqxageJbgc-01393-00326592-00326854 button
+6cqxageJbgc-01394-00326855-00327110 in the right hand side just try to cover
+6cqxageJbgc-01395-00327111-00327310 the left-hand side with your hand
+6cqxageJbgc-01396-00327311-00327510 and you see that the only element that
+6cqxageJbgc-01397-00327511-00327623 has a different color
+6cqxageJbgc-01398-00327624-00327903 is the button the confirmation button so
+6cqxageJbgc-01399-00327904-00327975 that is
+6cqxageJbgc-01400-00327976-00328206 the action the call to action of this
+6cqxageJbgc-01401-00328207-00328375 page this page is telling you
+6cqxageJbgc-01402-00328376-00328582 push this button what does this button
+6cqxageJbgc-01403-00328583-00328878 do confirm the payment of 20 euros
+6cqxageJbgc-01404-00328879-00329087 because they are the strong words in
+6cqxageJbgc-01405-00329088-00329230 this interface
+6cqxageJbgc-01406-00329231-00329663 everything else is there if you want to
+6cqxageJbgc-01407-00329664-00330119 of course if you want to to read them
+6cqxageJbgc-01408-00330120-00330343 of course and if you want to check all
+6cqxageJbgc-01409-00330344-00330503 the details
+6cqxageJbgc-01410-00330504-00330823 but the message is very clear
+6cqxageJbgc-01411-00330824-00331095 so just by playing with sizes and a bit
+6cqxageJbgc-01412-00331096-00331263 of colors okay
+6cqxageJbgc-01413-00331264-00331454 by the way the total year is wrong
+6cqxageJbgc-01414-00331455-00331647 because it should be 17
+6cqxageJbgc-01415-00331648-00331999 or two and not 22. so they are
+6cqxageJbgc-01416-00332000-00332206 stealing you three euros without you
+6cqxageJbgc-01417-00332207-00332391 noticing but
+6cqxageJbgc-01418-00332392-00332791 that's another topic um
+6cqxageJbgc-01419-00332792-00333039 and the same exercise i found in another
+6cqxageJbgc-01420-00333040-00333195 example here
+6cqxageJbgc-01421-00333196-00333358 [Music]
+6cqxageJbgc-01422-00333359-00333767 the same description of house
+6cqxageJbgc-01423-00333768-00334015 just by playing with fonts and location
+6cqxageJbgc-01424-00334016-00334087 and so on
+6cqxageJbgc-01425-00334088-00334430 okay on the left-hand side it looks like
+6cqxageJbgc-01426-00334431-00334743 very boring or very difficult no
+6cqxageJbgc-01427-00334744-00334919 to get or to read the information you
+6cqxageJbgc-01428-00334920-00335134 need because for understanding
+6cqxageJbgc-01429-00335135-00335423 what is this tree i need to read the
+6cqxageJbgc-01430-00335424-00335575 number of the left
+6cqxageJbgc-01431-00335576-00335895 and uh so i need actually to read the
+6cqxageJbgc-01432-00335896-00336039 labels
+6cqxageJbgc-01433-00336040-00336167 in order to understand what's on the
+6cqxageJbgc-01434-00336168-00336351 right hand side okay
+6cqxageJbgc-01435-00336352-00336527 it's all very well aligned so it's not
+6cqxageJbgc-01436-00336528-00336710 bad to look at but
+6cqxageJbgc-01437-00336711-00336878 it doesn't tell me what is more
+6cqxageJbgc-01438-00336879-00337110 important on the right hand side it will
+6cqxageJbgc-01439-00337111-00337287 tell me the most important thing here
+6cqxageJbgc-01440-00337288-00337591 this is the budget okay these are the
+6cqxageJbgc-01441-00337592-00337734 contacts or who's selling
+6cqxageJbgc-01442-00337735-00338030 the house and this is the layout of the
+6cqxageJbgc-01443-00338031-00338095 house
+6cqxageJbgc-01444-00338096-00338382 so the contents which is very well
+6cqxageJbgc-01445-00338383-00338510 separated then the
+6cqxageJbgc-01446-00338511-00338719 the actual address is also important but
+6cqxageJbgc-01447-00338720-00338910 it's less important than the rest
+6cqxageJbgc-01448-00338911-00339247 the address here and
+6cqxageJbgc-01449-00339248-00339454 maybe the type of house and the age of
+6cqxageJbgc-01450-00339455-00339630 the house
+6cqxageJbgc-01451-00339631-00339934 of course here is telling me 2012
+6cqxageJbgc-01452-00339935-00340175 and here tell me five years old which
+6cqxageJbgc-01453-00340176-00340343 one is more important of course the five
+6cqxageJbgc-01454-00340344-00340503 years old is more important because
+6cqxageJbgc-01455-00340504-00340695 if you are telling me the year of
+6cqxageJbgc-01456-00340696-00340863 construction i need to
+6cqxageJbgc-01457-00340864-00341071 do the computations in my head to
+6cqxageJbgc-01458-00341072-00341191 understand whether is there a recent
+6cqxageJbgc-01459-00341192-00341399 construction a node construction or a
+6cqxageJbgc-01460-00341400-00341767 very old reconstruction for example
+6cqxageJbgc-01461-00341768-00342167 so we just ask ourselves
+6cqxageJbgc-01462-00342168-00342375 what are the most important information
+6cqxageJbgc-01463-00342376-00342623 that we want to give to our users
+6cqxageJbgc-01464-00342624-00342951 and then we design the sizes
+6cqxageJbgc-01465-00342952-00343206 and the spacings of the text as a
+6cqxageJbgc-01466-00343207-00343334 consequence of that
+6cqxageJbgc-01467-00343335-00343687 okay and we are we are using the same
+6cqxageJbgc-01468-00343688-00343767 space you see
+6cqxageJbgc-01469-00343768-00343958 we are not using one pixel more we are
+6cqxageJbgc-01470-00343959-00344119 just readjusting
+6cqxageJbgc-01471-00344120-00344599 the content and
+6cqxageJbgc-01472-00344600-00344943 so that's i was about fonts
+6cqxageJbgc-01473-00344944-00345167 but fonts of course words are not
+6cqxageJbgc-01474-00345168-00345367 isolated they should be put somewhere
+6cqxageJbgc-01475-00345368-00345623 in a page and so what are the the tricks
+6cqxageJbgc-01476-00345624-00345719 that we may use
+6cqxageJbgc-01477-00345720-00346071 to organize the content of the page
+6cqxageJbgc-01478-00346072-00346247 there are many tricks and there are many
+6cqxageJbgc-01479-00346248-00346375 layout styles
+6cqxageJbgc-01480-00346376-00346663 but the one which is really stronger
+6cqxageJbgc-01481-00346664-00346839 than all the others
+6cqxageJbgc-01482-00346840-00347078 is the concept of grids and of
+6cqxageJbgc-01483-00347079-00347254 alignments
+6cqxageJbgc-01484-00347255-00347543 on every design we have some invisible
+6cqxageJbgc-01485-00347544-00347663 lines
+6cqxageJbgc-01486-00347664-00347927 that are guiding the position that are
+6cqxageJbgc-01487-00347928-00348103 constraining the position
+6cqxageJbgc-01488-00348104-00348534 of our elements on the screen and
+6cqxageJbgc-01489-00348535-00348839 in a way all the visual elements
+6cqxageJbgc-01490-00348840-00349143 in should be attached on the left or on
+6cqxageJbgc-01491-00349144-00349351 the right or on the top or on the button
+6cqxageJbgc-01492-00349352-00349471 on the bottom
+6cqxageJbgc-01493-00349472-00349710 or on more than one side to some of
+6cqxageJbgc-01494-00349711-00349863 these invisible lines
+6cqxageJbgc-01495-00349864-00350082 this is what we are expecting okay in a
+6cqxageJbgc-01496-00350083-00350343 way so for example
+6cqxageJbgc-01497-00350344-00350751 in opening a very complex dialog box
+6cqxageJbgc-01498-00350752-00351078 this is the save option something like
+6cqxageJbgc-01499-00351079-00351223 that the options
+6cqxageJbgc-01500-00351224-00351487 of powerpoint in this case so you see
+6cqxageJbgc-01501-00351488-00351654 that this dialog box is very complex
+6cqxageJbgc-01502-00351655-00351695 there are
+6cqxageJbgc-01503-00351696-00352047 a lot of different items but
+6cqxageJbgc-01504-00352048-00352391 we see a lot of alignment there so
+6cqxageJbgc-01505-00352392-00352710 in this case all the items in the left
+6cqxageJbgc-01506-00352711-00352934 part of the window are all aligned the
+6cqxageJbgc-01507-00352935-00353239 same line
+6cqxageJbgc-01508-00353240-00353423 none of them is shifted to the right
+6cqxageJbgc-01509-00353424-00353606 none of them is indented
+6cqxageJbgc-01510-00353607-00353863 this tells us that all these options are
+6cqxageJbgc-01511-00353864-00354015 separate from each other
+6cqxageJbgc-01512-00354016-00354191 they are not interdependent they are
+6cqxageJbgc-01513-00354192-00354430 independent from each other and they
+6cqxageJbgc-01514-00354431-00354543 will lead to different
+6cqxageJbgc-01515-00354544-00354806 details on the right part of the of the
+6cqxageJbgc-01516-00354807-00354999 of the form
+6cqxageJbgc-01517-00355000-00355430 and also the right part of the form as
+6cqxageJbgc-01518-00355431-00355806 you see a title here and this title
+6cqxageJbgc-01519-00355807-00356110 is a
+6cqxageJbgc-01520-00356111-00356278 different color of a different
+6cqxageJbgc-01521-00356279-00356463 background color and different font
+6cqxageJbgc-01522-00356464-00356575 because this is bold
+6cqxageJbgc-01523-00356576-00357006 compared to the text but it's also
+6cqxageJbgc-01524-00357007-00357230 aligned on a different line here you see
+6cqxageJbgc-01525-00357231-00357334 that the text
+6cqxageJbgc-01526-00357335-00357671 here and the titles this is aligned with
+6cqxageJbgc-01527-00357672-00357758 this title
+6cqxageJbgc-01528-00357759-00357943 which is aligned with this title and the
+6cqxageJbgc-01529-00357944-00358110 text inside
+6cqxageJbgc-01530-00358111-00358463 is aligned on a inner line
+6cqxageJbgc-01531-00358464-00358806 so this is telling us who is the title
+6cqxageJbgc-01532-00358807-00359063 for womb
+6cqxageJbgc-01533-00359064-00359558 this is the the title uh contains
+6cqxageJbgc-01534-00359559-00359775 every element which is nested inside of
+6cqxageJbgc-01535-00359776-00359895 it
+6cqxageJbgc-01536-00359896-00360119 and in this case we have a second
+6cqxageJbgc-01537-00360120-00360239 checkbox which is
+6cqxageJbgc-01538-00360240-00360471 further nested at the second level so
+6cqxageJbgc-01539-00360472-00360663 this checkbox only makes sense
+6cqxageJbgc-01540-00360664-00360982 in the context of the previous checkbox
+6cqxageJbgc-01541-00360983-00361271 so just a bit of spacing is telling us
+6cqxageJbgc-01542-00361272-00361310 all
+6cqxageJbgc-01543-00361311-00361630 of this information and you see that all
+6cqxageJbgc-01544-00361631-00361665 the
+6cqxageJbgc-01545-00361666-00361903 [Music]
+6cqxageJbgc-01546-00361904-00362254 path names are or all the text inputs
+6cqxageJbgc-01547-00362255-00362678 are aligned on the same vertical line
+6cqxageJbgc-01548-00362679-00362863 and also on the right hand side they are
+6cqxageJbgc-01549-00362864-00363087 aligned okay
+6cqxageJbgc-01550-00363088-00363306 actually there are a couple of
+6cqxageJbgc-01551-00363307-00363463 inconsistencies
+6cqxageJbgc-01552-00363464-00363791 one is here y doesn't discontinue to be
+6cqxageJbgc-01553-00363792-00363903 aligned to the right
+6cqxageJbgc-01554-00363904-00364230 i don't know and one is here why doesn't
+6cqxageJbgc-01555-00364231-00364287 it
+6cqxageJbgc-01556-00364288-00364503 start only at this point like the other
+6cqxageJbgc-01557-00364504-00364623 ones because actually
+6cqxageJbgc-01558-00364624-00364975 it's again a file path these
+6cqxageJbgc-01559-00364976-00365191 uh contribute these differences
+6cqxageJbgc-01560-00365192-00365319 contribute to
+6cqxageJbgc-01561-00365320-00365487 have the impression of a complex
+6cqxageJbgc-01562-00365488-00365647 dialogue window
+6cqxageJbgc-01563-00365648-00365823 because we are trying to make some rules
+6cqxageJbgc-01564-00365824-00365958 some regularity
+6cqxageJbgc-01565-00365959-00366143 and there's there are some elements that
+6cqxageJbgc-01566-00366144-00366271 prevent us for
+6cqxageJbgc-01567-00366272-00366606 confirming our rules okay every
+6cqxageJbgc-01568-00366607-00366854 di every text input starts at the same
+6cqxageJbgc-01569-00366855-00367110 place oh no there's one that doesn't
+6cqxageJbgc-01570-00367111-00367351 and okay all of them end at the right
+6cqxageJbgc-01571-00367352-00367495 end of the window oh no there's one that
+6cqxageJbgc-01572-00367496-00367599 doesn't
+6cqxageJbgc-01573-00367600-00367878 and so we we we cannot confirm totally
+6cqxageJbgc-01574-00367879-00368039 the rules that we have in mind
+6cqxageJbgc-01575-00368040-00368263 and this gives us a little an impression
+6cqxageJbgc-01576-00368264-00368454 of complexity and slows us down in the
+6cqxageJbgc-01577-00368455-00368567 interpretation
+6cqxageJbgc-01578-00368568-00368895 of the of the user interface and by the
+6cqxageJbgc-01579-00368896-00369015 way we are not just
+6cqxageJbgc-01580-00369016-00369239 seeing the the result of the design of
+6cqxageJbgc-01581-00369240-00369367 one person that
+6cqxageJbgc-01582-00369368-00369567 tries to position the elements with
+6cqxageJbgc-01583-00369568-00369678 their own taste
+6cqxageJbgc-01584-00369679-00370039 or with their own you know
+6cqxageJbgc-01585-00370040-00370406 artistic capabilities we
+6cqxageJbgc-01586-00370407-00370830 we have very strict rules that are
+6cqxageJbgc-01587-00370831-00371087 described by the creators of the design
+6cqxageJbgc-01588-00371088-00371247 toolkits
+6cqxageJbgc-01589-00371248-00371399 for example you see that these are the
+6cqxageJbgc-01590-00371400-00371710 the the guidelines of visual studio
+6cqxageJbgc-01591-00371711-00371975 when you are the ux like guidelines in
+6cqxageJbgc-01592-00371976-00372151 with the studio they will tell you okay
+6cqxageJbgc-01593-00372152-00372302 when you're creating an interface in
+6cqxageJbgc-01594-00372303-00372482 visual studio you should follow these
+6cqxageJbgc-01595-00372483-00372663 rules you should
+6cqxageJbgc-01596-00372664-00372919 nest the elements so we have this
+6cqxageJbgc-01597-00372920-00373087 alignment here and there
+6cqxageJbgc-01598-00373088-00373319 and they all they are also telling you
+6cqxageJbgc-01599-00373320-00373543 the number of pixels
+6cqxageJbgc-01600-00373544-00373854 for your spacings this is 24 and this
+6cqxageJbgc-01601-00373855-00374047 should be 12 and this should be 12 and
+6cqxageJbgc-01602-00374048-00374287 so on
+6cqxageJbgc-01603-00374288-00374639 and it's not minimum 12 or maximum 12.
+6cqxageJbgc-01604-00374640-00374767 it's exactly 12
+6cqxageJbgc-01605-00374768-00375063 okay and if you have a group here the
+6cqxageJbgc-01606-00375064-00375206 margin is only 9
+6cqxageJbgc-01607-00375207-00375502 why the margin from the from the border
+6cqxageJbgc-01608-00375503-00375663 for the margin of the window
+6cqxageJbgc-01609-00375664-00375991 is 12. so this is 12 here but if you are
+6cqxageJbgc-01610-00375992-00376158 nesting some sub groups
+6cqxageJbgc-01611-00376159-00376527 the margin will become only 9 pixels
+6cqxageJbgc-01612-00376528-00376663 and when you have the confirmation
+6cqxageJbgc-01613-00376664-00376919 buttons you have to leave to 18 pixels
+6cqxageJbgc-01614-00376920-00377263 before uh before you have the the bottom
+6cqxageJbgc-01615-00377264-00377327 of the page
+6cqxageJbgc-01616-00377328-00377510 with the with all this so we have all
+6cqxageJbgc-01617-00377511-00377687 these details information this is taken
+6cqxageJbgc-01618-00377688-00377734 from the
+6cqxageJbgc-01619-00377735-00377927 from the manual of course in visual
+6cqxageJbgc-01620-00377928-00378054 studio you can put
+6cqxageJbgc-01621-00378055-00378319 elements wherever you want but the rules
+6cqxageJbgc-01622-00378320-00378502 for having a consist a consistent user
+6cqxageJbgc-01623-00378503-00378615 interface
+6cqxageJbgc-01624-00378616-00378919 are spelled out very precisely there
+6cqxageJbgc-01625-00378920-00379134 and so that is what gives you that a
+6cqxageJbgc-01626-00379135-00379319 consistent look and feel of
+6cqxageJbgc-01627-00379320-00379487 across all application it's not
+6cqxageJbgc-01628-00379488-00379719 automatic it's just following rules
+6cqxageJbgc-01629-00379720-00379975 that have been designed but somebody who
+6cqxageJbgc-01630-00379976-00380167 knew much better than us
+6cqxageJbgc-01631-00380168-00380510 the the art of design so we we are not
+6cqxageJbgc-01632-00380511-00380710 mastering design but we are following
+6cqxageJbgc-01633-00380711-00380775 the rules
+6cqxageJbgc-01634-00380776-00381095 of the masters okay and this is a very
+6cqxageJbgc-01635-00381096-00381310 it's not something new no i found this
+6cqxageJbgc-01636-00381311-00381430 information
+6cqxageJbgc-01637-00381431-00381839 from a look and feel guidelines
+6cqxageJbgc-01638-00381840-00382247 of the java language back in 1999
+6cqxageJbgc-01639-00382248-00382551 so it's 21 years now
+6cqxageJbgc-01640-00382552-00382799 uh so it's nothing new at that point
+6cqxageJbgc-01641-00382800-00382927 they were already and
+6cqxageJbgc-01642-00382928-00383182 we we see that this interface looks old
+6cqxageJbgc-01643-00383183-00383271 the phones
+6cqxageJbgc-01644-00383272-00383567 are are ugly they're not very nice and
+6cqxageJbgc-01645-00383568-00383606 the sh
+6cqxageJbgc-01646-00383607-00383854 and the the look and feel of the buttons
+6cqxageJbgc-01647-00383855-00383927 is
+6cqxageJbgc-01648-00383928-00384230 outdated outdated of course because
+6cqxageJbgc-01649-00384231-00384502 you know the visual taste is changing or
+6cqxageJbgc-01650-00384503-00384599 changed over the
+6cqxageJbgc-01651-00384600-00384895 last 20 years but the rules were already
+6cqxageJbgc-01652-00384896-00384999 there
+6cqxageJbgc-01653-00385000-00385158 of course the number of pixels were
+6cqxageJbgc-01654-00385159-00385327 different but the java design styles
+6cqxageJbgc-01655-00385328-00385399 already had
+6cqxageJbgc-01656-00385400-00385702 some very strong opinions or
+6cqxageJbgc-01657-00385703-00385910 rules about how you should lay out
+6cqxageJbgc-01658-00385911-00386175 elements on the screen
+6cqxageJbgc-01659-00386176-00386654 and you see that most of these rules are
+6cqxageJbgc-01660-00386655-00386967 interpreted with a grid in mind
+6cqxageJbgc-01661-00386968-00387191 so you should align elements on the left
+6cqxageJbgc-01662-00387192-00387351 and if you have many
+6cqxageJbgc-01663-00387352-00387695 uh many you know check boxes
+6cqxageJbgc-01664-00387696-00387895 you they all should start with the same
+6cqxageJbgc-01665-00387896-00388134 line and possibly they should end at the
+6cqxageJbgc-01666-00388135-00388230 same line
+6cqxageJbgc-01667-00388231-00388415 all the buttons also should be aligned
+6cqxageJbgc-01668-00388416-00388630 and so on so the alignment over
+6cqxageJbgc-01669-00388631-00388751 different groove grids
+6cqxageJbgc-01670-00388752-00389006 you see that the right margin should be
+6cqxageJbgc-01671-00389007-00389230 consistent across all the windows so the
+6cqxageJbgc-01672-00389231-00389406 close button should
+6cqxageJbgc-01673-00389407-00389623 be aligned with the end of the text box
+6cqxageJbgc-01674-00389624-00389775 and the end of the
+6cqxageJbgc-01675-00389776-00390134 options box let's say so all this
+6cqxageJbgc-01676-00390135-00390327 alignment is very important we should
+6cqxageJbgc-01677-00390328-00390551 also follow that
+6cqxageJbgc-01678-00390552-00390967 um follow those also in the in design or
+6cqxageJbgc-01679-00390968-00391206 web pages okay so these are just dialog
+6cqxageJbgc-01680-00391207-00391351 windows but when you are when we are
+6cqxageJbgc-01681-00391352-00391454 moving
+6cqxageJbgc-01682-00391455-00391671 to the to the whole web page the same
+6cqxageJbgc-01683-00391672-00391887 principles apply
+6cqxageJbgc-01684-00391888-00392287 and we have all these definitions are
+6cqxageJbgc-01685-00392288-00392375 shown in the
+6cqxageJbgc-01686-00392376-00392727 graphical in the next slides if we start
+6cqxageJbgc-01687-00392728-00392878 from the page
+6cqxageJbgc-01688-00392879-00393239 we first have the page is a container
+6cqxageJbgc-01689-00393240-00393487 in that some way as some margins so the
+6cqxageJbgc-01690-00393488-00393599 margins are the
+6cqxageJbgc-01691-00393600-00393975 distance from the borders of the window
+6cqxageJbgc-01692-00393976-00394334 to the actual content so the margins are
+6cqxageJbgc-01693-00394335-00394463 something outside
+6cqxageJbgc-01694-00394464-00394839 our main background and the space here
+6cqxageJbgc-01695-00394840-00395223 is our design space that we can fill
+6cqxageJbgc-01696-00395224-00395591 with different columns of contents
+6cqxageJbgc-01697-00395592-00395991 so we may have many columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01698-00395992-00396310 and this is a column and these columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01699-00396311-00396582 are separated
+6cqxageJbgc-01700-00396583-00396799 by some space so the columns don't touch
+6cqxageJbgc-01701-00396800-00396910 each other
+6cqxageJbgc-01702-00396911-00397191 they are separated by a space which is
+6cqxageJbgc-01703-00397192-00397239 called
+6cqxageJbgc-01704-00397240-00397502 gutter so the gutters are these sort of
+6cqxageJbgc-01705-00397503-00397630 separators
+6cqxageJbgc-01706-00397631-00397854 and in our design if we have this grid
+6cqxageJbgc-01707-00397855-00398063 which is an invisible grid of course
+6cqxageJbgc-01708-00398064-00398367 we can lay out the content
+6cqxageJbgc-01709-00398368-00398687 by occupying one or more columns of
+6cqxageJbgc-01710-00398688-00398951 course these columns are very narrow
+6cqxageJbgc-01711-00398952-00399119 there are not enough for most of the
+6cqxageJbgc-01712-00399120-00399310 content but we can
+6cqxageJbgc-01713-00399311-00399647 lay out the content by taking one column
+6cqxageJbgc-01714-00399648-00399791 three column in this case we have one
+6cqxageJbgc-01715-00399792-00399902 block
+6cqxageJbgc-01716-00399903-00400151 that takes four columns here and four
+6cqxageJbgc-01717-00400152-00400223 columns there
+6cqxageJbgc-01718-00400224-00400423 then we have two blanks columns two
+6cqxageJbgc-01719-00400424-00400527 empty columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01720-00400528-00400839 and another block of four for example so
+6cqxageJbgc-01721-00400840-00400958 in this case we are
+6cqxageJbgc-01722-00400959-00401167 playing with the layout of one two three
+6cqxageJbgc-01723-00401168-00401358 four five six
+6cqxageJbgc-01724-00401359-00401534 seven eight nine ten eleven twelve
+6cqxageJbgc-01725-00401535-00401758 columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01726-00401759-00402063 so we divide our margin
+6cqxageJbgc-01727-00402064-00402215 not the whole page because we leave out
+6cqxageJbgc-01728-00402216-00402430 the margin the content of the page is
+6cqxageJbgc-01729-00402431-00402615 divided into 12
+6cqxageJbgc-01730-00402616-00402934 equally spaced columns with a margin
+6cqxageJbgc-01731-00402935-00402991 between
+6cqxageJbgc-01732-00402992-00403302 the gutter between each of the a couple
+6cqxageJbgc-01733-00403303-00403415 of uh
+6cqxageJbgc-01734-00403416-00403695 consecutive columns and we lay out our
+6cqxageJbgc-01735-00403696-00403767 page by
+6cqxageJbgc-01736-00403768-00404054 saying but deciding how many columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01737-00404055-00404110 element
+6cqxageJbgc-01738-00404111-00404415 an element is going to take we are never
+6cqxageJbgc-01739-00404416-00404630 thinking pixels
+6cqxageJbgc-01740-00404631-00404895 because we cannot decide whether it will
+6cqxageJbgc-01741-00404896-00405095 be 21 or 24
+6cqxageJbgc-01742-00405096-00405375 pixels it will be one or two or three
+6cqxageJbgc-01743-00405376-00405423 columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01744-00405424-00405567 depending on the importance of the
+6cqxageJbgc-01745-00405568-00405878 element and so we decide the blocks are
+6cqxageJbgc-01746-00405879-00405999 in terms of columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01747-00406000-00406287 and also we align them in in terms of
+6cqxageJbgc-01748-00406288-00406391 horizontal lines
+6cqxageJbgc-01749-00406392-00406678 okay so we should have a horizontal
+6cqxageJbgc-01750-00406679-00406934 alignment also here that we add at
+6cqxageJbgc-01751-00406935-00407247 strategic points usually also here we
+6cqxageJbgc-01752-00407248-00407343 don't reason
+6cqxageJbgc-01753-00407344-00407671 in pixel by pixel but we have a fixed
+6cqxageJbgc-01754-00407672-00407967 increment a fixed step uh to which all
+6cqxageJbgc-01755-00407968-00408110 the size
+6cqxageJbgc-01756-00408111-00408358 will be approximated so will be 12 pixel
+6cqxageJbgc-01757-00408359-00408582 will be i don't know 18 pixels or
+6cqxageJbgc-01758-00408583-00408710 whatever
+6cqxageJbgc-01759-00408711-00408991 so that all the lines will fall on one
+6cqxageJbgc-01760-00408992-00409143 grid line or the next
+6cqxageJbgc-01761-00409144-00409382 line and usually this grid line distance
+6cqxageJbgc-01762-00409383-00409495 is also the
+6cqxageJbgc-01763-00409496-00409703 the spacing of the text or the main text
+6cqxageJbgc-01764-00409704-00409863 of the of the page
+6cqxageJbgc-01765-00409864-00410078 so we have a discrete size which is
+6cqxageJbgc-01766-00410079-00410191 replicated
+6cqxageJbgc-01767-00410192-00410487 and so our mind can see to the grid all
+6cqxageJbgc-01768-00410488-00410726 of this is not visible of course but
+6cqxageJbgc-01769-00410727-00410918 all the elements will be positioned on
+6cqxageJbgc-01770-00410919-00411255 this invisible grid
+6cqxageJbgc-01771-00411256-00411574 this is a is another design where we are
+6cqxageJbgc-01772-00411575-00411839 displaying elements of two cards that
+6cqxageJbgc-01773-00411839-00411903 take
+6cqxageJbgc-01774-00411904-00412287 two columns each and for example we have
+6cqxageJbgc-01775-00412288-00412463 an element that takes all the columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01776-00412464-00412566 there
+6cqxageJbgc-01777-00412567-00412759 so what does stella what does this tell
+6cqxageJbgc-01778-00412760-00412870 us
+6cqxageJbgc-01779-00412871-00413095 that the element that is telling that is
+6cqxageJbgc-01780-00413096-00413359 using eight columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01781-00413360-00413582 is above the elements that are taking
+6cqxageJbgc-01782-00413583-00413774 two columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01783-00413775-00413974 and so the first one is more important
+6cqxageJbgc-01784-00413975-00414143 than the others
+6cqxageJbgc-01785-00414143-00414334 the first one will have effect on the
+6cqxageJbgc-01786-00414335-00414478 others the first one will
+6cqxageJbgc-01787-00414479-00414807 own will influence the others and the
+6cqxageJbgc-01788-00414808-00414895 other will be
+6cqxageJbgc-01789-00414896-00415126 smaller and they will be the same
+6cqxageJbgc-01790-00415127-00415270 because they are they have the same
+6cqxageJbgc-01791-00415271-00415414 space in the same size
+6cqxageJbgc-01792-00415415-00415710 they are in a sequence so they are all
+6cqxageJbgc-01793-00415712-00415887 of the same type
+6cqxageJbgc-01794-00415888-00416263 and they are all under the main one
+6cqxageJbgc-01795-00416264-00416543 so just by playing the occupation of the
+6cqxageJbgc-01796-00416543-00416639 empty space
+6cqxageJbgc-01797-00416639-00416870 okay we have an empty universe here we
+6cqxageJbgc-01798-00416871-00416959 want to fill it
+6cqxageJbgc-01799-00416960-00417143 depending on the way we feel it we are
+6cqxageJbgc-01800-00417143-00417351 giving meaning to the content we are
+6cqxageJbgc-01801-00417352-00417495 putting on the page
+6cqxageJbgc-01802-00417496-00417726 and here here there are tools that will
+6cqxageJbgc-01803-00417727-00417839 help us very
+6cqxageJbgc-01804-00417839-00418047 easily you know to create our layouts
+6cqxageJbgc-01805-00418047-00418270 using this criteria
+6cqxageJbgc-01806-00418271-00418639 you may be familiar with the bootstrap
+6cqxageJbgc-01807-00418639-00418959 library that gives you a design based on
+6cqxageJbgc-01808-00418960-00419087 two columns in total
+6cqxageJbgc-01809-00419088-00419310 okay so the page is automatically
+6cqxageJbgc-01810-00419312-00419479 divided in 12 columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01811-00419480-00419679 and for every element for every div that
+6cqxageJbgc-01812-00419680-00419822 you put in your pace
+6cqxageJbgc-01813-00419823-00420175 you in your page you may decide how many
+6cqxageJbgc-01814-00420176-00420310 columns it will take
+6cqxageJbgc-01815-00420312-00420535 you will never written in pixels again
+6cqxageJbgc-01816-00420535-00420751 you will always reason columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01817-00420752-00420983 and 12 is a good number because it can
+6cqxageJbgc-01818-00420984-00421199 be divided by six by four by two by
+6cqxageJbgc-01819-00421200-00421270 three
+6cqxageJbgc-01820-00421271-00421631 so you can create many different layouts
+6cqxageJbgc-01821-00421632-00421799 with multiples and some multiples of
+6cqxageJbgc-01822-00421800-00421903 this number
+6cqxageJbgc-01823-00421904-00422110 you can you can divide it into four and
+6cqxageJbgc-01824-00422112-00422375 eight which is one third and two thirds
+6cqxageJbgc-01825-00422376-00422551 you can divide in three and nine which
+6cqxageJbgc-01826-00422552-00422718 is one fourth and three fourths
+6cqxageJbgc-01827-00422719-00422918 so it's uh it's very plays very nicely
+6cqxageJbgc-01828-00422919-00423159 as well with a lot of combinations
+6cqxageJbgc-01829-00423160-00423431 so you're reasoning in in columns and
+6cqxageJbgc-01830-00423432-00423639 not in pixels anymore
+6cqxageJbgc-01831-00423639-00423966 and by the way uh the the the
+6cqxageJbgc-01832-00423967-00424247 the say the the features of the
+6cqxageJbgc-01833-00424247-00424439 bootstrap library with the responsive
+6cqxageJbgc-01834-00424439-00424583 layout features
+6cqxageJbgc-01835-00424584-00424863 uh let you decide depending on the size
+6cqxageJbgc-01836-00424864-00424903 of the
+6cqxageJbgc-01837-00424904-00425279 or the viewport of the interface
+6cqxageJbgc-01838-00425280-00425495 whether an element will be displayed in
+6cqxageJbgc-01839-00425496-00425703 one column in two or three and four and
+6cqxageJbgc-01840-00425704-00425895 so on so you may have
+6cqxageJbgc-01841-00425896-00426175 i don't know a left hand menu here and
+6cqxageJbgc-01842-00426176-00426318 the main content
+6cqxageJbgc-01843-00426319-00426527 and you may decide that this letter menu
+6cqxageJbgc-01844-00426528-00426743 should only use three columns and
+6cqxageJbgc-01845-00426743-00426983 the rest will be use nine in large
+6cqxageJbgc-01846-00426984-00427103 screens
+6cqxageJbgc-01847-00427104-00427366 but in small screens they should be
+6cqxageJbgc-01848-00427367-00427463 probably
+6cqxageJbgc-01849-00427464-00427847 12 and 12 and so it means that
+6cqxageJbgc-01850-00427847-00428031 in small screens you will have the menu
+6cqxageJbgc-01851-00428032-00428222 and the top and the content at the
+6cqxageJbgc-01852-00428223-00428366 bottom
+6cqxageJbgc-01853-00428367-00428687 because both will be using 12 columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01854-00428688-00428855 but this column will be narrower because
+6cqxageJbgc-01855-00428856-00428999 we have a smaller device on a large
+6cqxageJbgc-01856-00429000-00429118 device
+6cqxageJbgc-01857-00429119-00429447 uh the the menu can only use 25 percent
+6cqxageJbgc-01858-00429447-00429510 of the space
+6cqxageJbgc-01859-00429512-00429695 three columns and the main content can
+6cqxageJbgc-01860-00429696-00429831 be put at the sides
+6cqxageJbgc-01861-00429832-00430143 using a 75 of the space
+6cqxageJbgc-01862-00430143-00430439 so just with this question that you ask
+6cqxageJbgc-01863-00430439-00430591 yourself how many columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01864-00430592-00430839 should i use for this element depending
+6cqxageJbgc-01865-00430839-00430918 on the screen
+6cqxageJbgc-01866-00430919-00431135 of the size of the viewport you are
+6cqxageJbgc-01867-00431135-00431287 creating very easily
+6cqxageJbgc-01868-00431288-00431647 uh vertical grid of alignment
+6cqxageJbgc-01869-00431647-00431863 which will also adapt to the size of the
+6cqxageJbgc-01870-00431864-00431966 element
+6cqxageJbgc-01871-00431967-00432222 so this is an example of the same
+6cqxageJbgc-01872-00432223-00432495 website the same identical code
+6cqxageJbgc-01873-00432496-00432775 that always gives a vertical alignment
+6cqxageJbgc-01874-00432776-00432870 to the elements
+6cqxageJbgc-01875-00432871-00433143 one two three different columns but the
+6cqxageJbgc-01876-00433143-00433359 number of columns is changing
+6cqxageJbgc-01877-00433360-00433735 because every element is classified by
+6cqxageJbgc-01878-00433735-00433903 occupying three columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01879-00433904-00434255 on an extra large screen and so
+6cqxageJbgc-01880-00434256-00434487 to other divide by three is four we have
+6cqxageJbgc-01881-00434488-00434614 four columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01882-00434615-00434879 or four columns on a large screen and so
+6cqxageJbgc-01883-00434880-00434975 we have
+6cqxageJbgc-01884-00434976-00435279 three items per row because each of them
+6cqxageJbgc-01885-00435280-00435575 will be using one two three four columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01886-00435576-00435759 we don't see the 12 columns we only
+6cqxageJbgc-01887-00435760-00435983 imagine them or if the screen is a
+6cqxageJbgc-01888-00435984-00436151 medium size
+6cqxageJbgc-01889-00436152-00436470 we each element will use six
+6cqxageJbgc-01890-00436471-00436783 columns and so only two of them will fit
+6cqxageJbgc-01891-00436784-00437047 on the page because the 12 columns are
+6cqxageJbgc-01892-00437047-00437431 dividing six here and six there
+6cqxageJbgc-01893-00437432-00437631 we are thinking thinking columns we're
+6cqxageJbgc-01894-00437632-00437735 thinking in
+6cqxageJbgc-01895-00437735-00437983 rows we're thinking in grids and we'll
+6cqxageJbgc-01896-00437984-00438222 this will make our layout much easier to
+6cqxageJbgc-01897-00438223-00438351 create
+6cqxageJbgc-01898-00438352-00438575 and much much easier to decode when one
+6cqxageJbgc-01899-00438576-00438687 sees this content
+6cqxageJbgc-01900-00438688-00438839 doesn't have any trouble in trying to
+6cqxageJbgc-01901-00438839-00438975 understand the relationship between the
+6cqxageJbgc-01902-00438976-00439166 different elements
+6cqxageJbgc-01903-00439167-00439439 and of course this one is taking is
+6cqxageJbgc-01904-00439439-00439614 always taking the whole space
+6cqxageJbgc-01905-00439615-00439943 so it's the boss okay is the main
+6cqxageJbgc-01906-00439943-00440070 content that
+6cqxageJbgc-01907-00440071-00440543 determines the title for everything else
+6cqxageJbgc-01908-00440543-00440847 uh bootstrap is not the only design
+6cqxageJbgc-01909-00440847-00440910 system
+6cqxageJbgc-01910-00440912-00441143 now there are others for example two
+6cqxageJbgc-01911-00441143-00441407 famous ones are 960 which
+6cqxageJbgc-01912-00441408-00441822 works either on 12 or 16 columns
+6cqxageJbgc-01913-00441823-00442127 and this other one is called semantic
+6cqxageJbgc-01914-00442128-00442399 it's not very very well known but it's
+6cqxageJbgc-01915-00442400-00442575 working basic mainly
+6cqxageJbgc-01916-00442576-00442839 based on percentages and not on a fixed
+6cqxageJbgc-01917-00442839-00442991 number of
+6cqxageJbgc-01918-00442992-00443303 of columns so you can decide in
+6cqxageJbgc-01919-00443304-00443455 percentage how to divide
+6cqxageJbgc-01920-00443456-00443622 the layout but all of these are
+6cqxageJbgc-01921-00443623-00443839 responsive so they can
+6cqxageJbgc-01922-00443839-00444063 easily scale across the different screen
+6cqxageJbgc-01923-00444064-00444263 sizes by adjusting automatically the
+6cqxageJbgc-01924-00444264-00444503 grid
+6cqxageJbgc-01925-00444504-00444743 so we still have a grid based layout in
+6cqxageJbgc-01926-00444743-00445007 mind but it's no longer a fixed grid
+6cqxageJbgc-01927-00445008-00445270 based on pixel it's a grid that is
+6cqxageJbgc-01928-00445271-00445414 computed dynamically
+6cqxageJbgc-01929-00445415-00445670 with the rules of our grid system the
+6cqxageJbgc-01930-00445671-00445959 library that we are going to use
+6cqxageJbgc-01931-00445960-00446207 it will save us a lot of trouble if we
+6cqxageJbgc-01932-00446208-00446431 try to follow the rule of one design
+6cqxageJbgc-01933-00446432-00446639 system or another we choose one and we
+6cqxageJbgc-01934-00446639-00446759 follow these rules
+6cqxageJbgc-01935-00446760-00446943 and we don't try to do everything by
+6cqxageJbgc-01936-00446943-00447214 hand or or decide by hand
+6cqxageJbgc-01937-00447215-00447439 and so right now with this knowledge we
+6cqxageJbgc-01938-00447439-00447647 can go back to the examples that we saw
+6cqxageJbgc-01939-00447647-00447759 before
+6cqxageJbgc-01940-00447760-00447935 and we saw that actually we could
+6cqxageJbgc-01941-00447935-00448103 recognize many of the elements
+6cqxageJbgc-01942-00448104-00448503 because they were using a grid system
+6cqxageJbgc-01943-00448504-00448710 it's not so regular the spacing here is
+6cqxageJbgc-01944-00448712-00448863 not so regular actually
+6cqxageJbgc-01945-00448864-00449207 we have one two different rhythms
+6cqxageJbgc-01946-00449208-00449559 in the page one is the
+6cqxageJbgc-01947-00449560-00449822 orange lines you have the column you
+6cqxageJbgc-01948-00449823-00449951 have the gutter you have the column of
+6cqxageJbgc-01949-00449952-00450055 the gutter
+6cqxageJbgc-01950-00450056-00450447 which have a very say wide rhythm
+6cqxageJbgc-01951-00450447-00450766 one two three
+6cqxageJbgc-01952-00450767-00451007 and we have a shorter rhythm which are
+6cqxageJbgc-01953-00451008-00451295 which is dictated by the green lines
+6cqxageJbgc-01954-00451296-00451670 one two three four
+6cqxageJbgc-01955-00451671-00451927 so in a way we are dividing the space in
+6cqxageJbgc-01956-00451928-00452103 different grid systems different sub
+6cqxageJbgc-01957-00452104-00452199 grids
+6cqxageJbgc-01958-00452200-00452495 basically apart from the right column
+6cqxageJbgc-01959-00452496-00452566 this is
+6cqxageJbgc-01960-00452567-00452935 one and two and this is one two three
+6cqxageJbgc-01961-00452935-00453191 uh sub columns we're dividing same space
+6cqxageJbgc-01962-00453192-00453287 in different
+6cqxageJbgc-01963-00453288-00453470 ways so we have different grid systems
+6cqxageJbgc-01964-00453471-00453655 that in a way overlap which
+6cqxageJbgc-01965-00453656-00453966 with each other this one is not
+6cqxageJbgc-01966-00453967-00454335 really you see that this space
+6cqxageJbgc-01967-00454335-00454566 number one is shorter than the space
+6cqxageJbgc-01968-00454567-00454670 number two
+6cqxageJbgc-01969-00454671-00454870 so it's not very regular because they
+6cqxageJbgc-01970-00454871-00455055 wanted to give more space to the title
+6cqxageJbgc-01971-00455056-00455175 rather than the image
+6cqxageJbgc-01972-00455176-00455375 so of course there are variations but
+6cqxageJbgc-01973-00455376-00455566 all the images that are wide
+6cqxageJbgc-01974-00455567-00455855 will use the same one two rhythm and all
+6cqxageJbgc-01975-00455856-00456014 the articles that are small
+6cqxageJbgc-01976-00456015-00456199 they will use all the same one two three
+6cqxageJbgc-01977-00456200-00456399 rhythm so we have a regular rhythm in
+6cqxageJbgc-01978-00456400-00456479 the page that
+6cqxageJbgc-01979-00456480-00456759 makes it easier to to the code and by
+6cqxageJbgc-01980-00456760-00456895 the way we are
+6cqxageJbgc-01981-00456896-00457110 one row of a type and the other of the
+6cqxageJbgc-01982-00457112-00457295 second type one of the first type and so
+6cqxageJbgc-01983-00457296-00457422 on
+6cqxageJbgc-01984-00457423-00457663 and all the other websites are using the
+6cqxageJbgc-01985-00457664-00457822 same system
+6cqxageJbgc-01986-00457823-00458127 so of course they go a step further than
+6cqxageJbgc-01987-00458128-00458287 what we can do just basically with the
+6cqxageJbgc-01988-00458288-00458455 12 columns of bootstrap
+6cqxageJbgc-01989-00458456-00458647 they need to be more precise on some
+6cqxageJbgc-01990-00458647-00458822 elements but at least would they ever
+6cqxageJbgc-01991-00458823-00458951 start
+6cqxageJbgc-01992-00458952-00459191 [Music]
+6cqxageJbgc-01993-00459192-00459439 starting in this case this division
+6cqxageJbgc-01994-00459439-00459510 which is
+6cqxageJbgc-01995-00459512-00459814 one two
+6cqxageJbgc-01996-00459815-00460127 one two and three
+6cqxageJbgc-01997-00460128-00460351 and then the main content two is again
+6cqxageJbgc-01998-00460352-00460535 divided into smaller
+6cqxageJbgc-01999-00460535-00460791 smaller content again with a strong
+6cqxageJbgc-02000-00460792-00460943 alignment
+6cqxageJbgc-02001-00460943-00461231 and we say also here you may be familiar
+6cqxageJbgc-02002-00461232-00461359 with the polytechnical
+6cqxageJbgc-02003-00461360-00461727 pages described in the course
+6cqxageJbgc-02004-00461728-00461895 when the it's a very complex page
+6cqxageJbgc-02005-00461896-00462135 there's a lot of information here
+6cqxageJbgc-02006-00462135-00462335 but it's easy to decode in this case it
+6cqxageJbgc-02007-00462335-00462470 was very easy to understand what was
+6cqxageJbgc-02008-00462471-00462591 happening here
+6cqxageJbgc-02009-00462592-00462775 because all the all sorts of tricks were
+6cqxageJbgc-02010-00462776-00462999 used okay we have the alignment here
+6cqxageJbgc-02011-00463000-00463270 so in the columns period and all aligned
+6cqxageJbgc-02012-00463271-00463414 here the code
+6cqxageJbgc-02013-00463415-00463663 the the title of the courses are very
+6cqxageJbgc-02014-00463664-00463775 clean aligned
+6cqxageJbgc-02015-00463776-00464039 the teachers are very clean aligned and
+6cqxageJbgc-02016-00464039-00464287 we have some details about the course
+6cqxageJbgc-02017-00464288-00464631 which are written in a in a in a font
+6cqxageJbgc-02018-00464632-00465047 that has a lighter colors
+6cqxageJbgc-02019-00465047-00465343 and and while the title of the course
+6cqxageJbgc-02020-00465343-00465375 was
+6cqxageJbgc-02021-00465376-00465743 underlined so of course this
+6cqxageJbgc-02022-00465743-00466127 label here refers to this course there
+6cqxageJbgc-02023-00466128-00466351 there's no confusion also if you look
+6cqxageJbgc-02024-00466352-00466599 when you have a sequence of courses
+6cqxageJbgc-02025-00466600-00466807 it's difficult to see but this space
+6cqxageJbgc-02026-00466808-00466991 here
+6cqxageJbgc-02027-00466992-00467263 here is smaller than this place below it
+6cqxageJbgc-02028-00467264-00467447 may be just a couple of pixels
+6cqxageJbgc-02029-00467447-00467727 but it's enough that our eyes will
+6cqxageJbgc-02030-00467728-00467799 associate
+6cqxageJbgc-02031-00467800-00468143 the code to the to the name
+6cqxageJbgc-02032-00468143-00468503 above and not to the name below
+6cqxageJbgc-02033-00468504-00468663 this is the current version of the same
+6cqxageJbgc-02034-00468664-00468959 page so they change it as here
+6cqxageJbgc-02035-00468960-00469351 the same context is now laid out in a
+6cqxageJbgc-02036-00469352-00469775 different way which may be
+6cqxageJbgc-02037-00469776-00469927 more modern because it's white
+6cqxageJbgc-02038-00469928-00470166 background it's wide
+6cqxageJbgc-02039-00470167-00470447 it's white but and in this case the grid
+6cqxageJbgc-02040-00470447-00470503 is made
+6cqxageJbgc-02041-00470504-00470670 has been made visible and we made it
+6cqxageJbgc-02042-00470671-00470855 explicit okay
+6cqxageJbgc-02043-00470856-00471095 so maybe better maybe worse maybe it's
+6cqxageJbgc-02044-00471096-00471183 easier to read
+6cqxageJbgc-02045-00471184-00471359 of course it's more suitable for large
+6cqxageJbgc-02046-00471360-00471622 screens because for example this content
+6cqxageJbgc-02047-00471623-00472110 here is it requires an extra column
+6cqxageJbgc-02048-00472112-00472455 while before it was just below the text
+6cqxageJbgc-02049-00472456-00472727 okay so in this case the space occupied
+6cqxageJbgc-02050-00472728-00472903 more vertical space
+6cqxageJbgc-02051-00472904-00473151 and less horizontal space and in this
+6cqxageJbgc-02052-00473152-00473335 case we are occupying more
+6cqxageJbgc-02053-00473335-00473663 horizontal space but maybe the screens
+6cqxageJbgc-02054-00473664-00473863 to these are larger so we can afford
+6cqxageJbgc-02055-00473864-00473918 that
+6cqxageJbgc-02056-00473919-00474287 in a way okay there's only one thing
+6cqxageJbgc-02057-00474288-00474495 that i don't like about this design
+6cqxageJbgc-02058-00474496-00474879 is how they use this or
+6cqxageJbgc-02059-00474880-00475031 because they are in the middle of two
+6cqxageJbgc-02060-00475032-00475287 different uh courses and they don't
+6cqxageJbgc-02061-00475288-00475391 really
+6cqxageJbgc-02062-00475392-00475663 group them in a way okay we should see
+6cqxageJbgc-02063-00475664-00475814 something more like
+6cqxageJbgc-02064-00475815-00476047 one of these two courses and then both
+6cqxageJbgc-02065-00476047-00476222 of them in some way indented
+6cqxageJbgc-02066-00476223-00476431 under the message or something like that
+6cqxageJbgc-02067-00476432-00476535 so this is
+6cqxageJbgc-02068-00476535-00476855 difficult to uh to see that this course
+6cqxageJbgc-02069-00476856-00477166 is a an option with this one and this
+6cqxageJbgc-02070-00477167-00477199 one
+6cqxageJbgc-02071-00477200-00477422 these two look together but actually
+6cqxageJbgc-02072-00477423-00477687 this one computer nether technology
+6cqxageJbgc-02073-00477688-00477751 should be grouped
+6cqxageJbgc-02074-00477752-00478063 with that one below because they are in
+6cqxageJbgc-02075-00478064-00478287 mutually exclusive so this sort of
+6cqxageJbgc-02076-00478288-00478479 grouping of couple of courses which are
+6cqxageJbgc-02077-00478480-00478663 mutual exclusive is not very
+6cqxageJbgc-02078-00478664-00478870 well visible here and by the way to be
+6cqxageJbgc-02079-00478871-00479095 honest it wasn't visible even here
+6cqxageJbgc-02080-00479096-00479391 because we had the same the same uh or
+6cqxageJbgc-02081-00479392-00479431 which
+6cqxageJbgc-02082-00479432-00479703 was just separating the elements so they
+6cqxageJbgc-02083-00479704-00479759 are not
+6cqxageJbgc-02084-00479760-00480070 visually describing which courses are a
+6cqxageJbgc-02085-00480071-00480118 group
+6cqxageJbgc-02086-00480119-00480283 among which you have to choose one of
+6cqxageJbgc-02087-00480284-00480470 them but
+6cqxageJbgc-02088-00480471-00480662 they have a strong alignment in this
+6cqxageJbgc-02089-00480663-00480814 case the alignment is even
+6cqxageJbgc-02090-00480815-00481183 visible but it's what makes the page
+6cqxageJbgc-02091-00481184-00481527 easy to read even if if it's complex
+6cqxageJbgc-02092-00481528-00481775 and also the the taste or the the
+6cqxageJbgc-02093-00481776-00482007 conventions for alignment
+6cqxageJbgc-02094-00482008-00482343 evolve over time sorry
+6cqxageJbgc-02095-00482343-00482575 for example i took the same page from
+6cqxageJbgc-02096-00482576-00482710 amazon
+6cqxageJbgc-02097-00482712-00483118 and of course we should always try to uh
+6cqxageJbgc-02098-00483119-00483447 uh copy from the good one from the
+6cqxageJbgc-02099-00483447-00483670 companies that invest a lot of money uh
+6cqxageJbgc-02100-00483671-00483822 in their designs
+6cqxageJbgc-02101-00483823-00484183 and we see that uh in 2015
+6cqxageJbgc-02102-00484184-00484591 and 2019 and i just checked also in 2020
+6cqxageJbgc-02103-00484592-00484862 is the same nearly the same there was
+6cqxageJbgc-02104-00484863-00484910 there are
+6cqxageJbgc-02105-00484912-00485110 little changes and if you want you just
+6cqxageJbgc-02106-00485112-00485303 go to amazon and try to
+6cqxageJbgc-02107-00485304-00485527 to to understand which are the changes
+6cqxageJbgc-02108-00485528-00485766 and try to think about why they did that
+6cqxageJbgc-02109-00485767-00486079 why they did those okay
+6cqxageJbgc-02110-00486080-00486399 they are using two different styles uh
+6cqxageJbgc-02111-00486400-00486687 in 2015 they used a very strong
+6cqxageJbgc-02112-00486688-00486775 alignment so
+6cqxageJbgc-02113-00486776-00487062 all the titles are lined at the right
+6cqxageJbgc-02114-00487063-00487135 and all the
+6cqxageJbgc-02115-00487135-00487455 contents are lined left so two columns
+6cqxageJbgc-02116-00487456-00487647 column one with the right alignment
+6cqxageJbgc-02117-00487647-00487879 with the labels column two with left
+6cqxageJbgc-02118-00487880-00488014 alignment with the
+6cqxageJbgc-02119-00488015-00488231 text with the content and the gathering
+6cqxageJbgc-02120-00488232-00488439 between a small gathering between
+6cqxageJbgc-02121-00488439-00488870 and was a style that was quite
+6cqxageJbgc-02122-00488871-00489399 used at that time at the in that period
+6cqxageJbgc-02123-00489400-00489710 and right now the design
+6cqxageJbgc-02124-00489712-00490031 is currently showing the right
+6cqxageJbgc-02125-00490032-00490391 so the label of a text box is no longer
+6cqxageJbgc-02126-00490392-00490543 on the left side
+6cqxageJbgc-02127-00490543-00490759 but it's on the top it's about just
+6cqxageJbgc-02128-00490760-00490927 above it
+6cqxageJbgc-02129-00490928-00491110 of course it's with the right spacing
+6cqxageJbgc-02130-00491112-00491359 and so on
+6cqxageJbgc-02131-00491360-00491566 so instead of having the label on the
+6cqxageJbgc-02132-00491567-00491703 left we have the label
+6cqxageJbgc-02133-00491704-00492079 on the top of of every element and all
+6cqxageJbgc-02134-00492080-00492214 the elements are
+6cqxageJbgc-02135-00492215-00492375 better aligned because they are they
+6cqxageJbgc-02136-00492376-00492599 have all the same margins
+6cqxageJbgc-02137-00492600-00492895 so we don't see this rugged border here
+6cqxageJbgc-02138-00492896-00493014 which is
+6cqxageJbgc-02139-00493015-00493287 uh not very aesthetic and also we don't
+6cqxageJbgc-02140-00493288-00493375 see the left
+6cqxageJbgc-02141-00493376-00493831 wrecked border we see all are very clean
+6cqxageJbgc-02142-00493832-00494207 but the the strongest uh change was that
+6cqxageJbgc-02143-00494208-00494527 they are
+6cqxageJbgc-02144-00494528-00494895 say this is a b dimensional form where
+6cqxageJbgc-02145-00494896-00495151 left and we have left and right and we
+6cqxageJbgc-02146-00495152-00495375 go from top to bottom
+6cqxageJbgc-02147-00495376-00495599 here we only go from top to bottom we
+6cqxageJbgc-02148-00495600-00496007 have no left and right information
+6cqxageJbgc-02149-00496008-00496351 i think that this new design was made
+6cqxageJbgc-02150-00496352-00496599 for being more compatible with mobile
+6cqxageJbgc-02151-00496600-00496743 devices
+6cqxageJbgc-02152-00496743-00497055 where in mobile devices we are used to
+6cqxageJbgc-02153-00497056-00497262 have only vertical scrolling
+6cqxageJbgc-02154-00497263-00497462 horizontal scrolling is very bad on
+6cqxageJbgc-02155-00497463-00497639 mobile devices because the screen is so
+6cqxageJbgc-02156-00497639-00497751 small
+6cqxageJbgc-02157-00497752-00498055 so we are used to see uh to read from
+6cqxageJbgc-02158-00498056-00498183 top to bottom
+6cqxageJbgc-02159-00498184-00498351 and have all the information grouped in
+6cqxageJbgc-02160-00498352-00498566 this way and not left to right because
+6cqxageJbgc-02161-00498567-00498687 in left or right you should have to
+6cqxageJbgc-02162-00498688-00498895 scroll the viewport on on the smartphone
+6cqxageJbgc-02163-00498896-00498975 and would be
+6cqxageJbgc-02164-00498976-00499255 extremely bad and so they try to come up
+6cqxageJbgc-02165-00499256-00499327 with a design
+6cqxageJbgc-02166-00499328-00499503 with drag convention and we see that a
+6cqxageJbgc-02167-00499504-00499655 lot of forms today
+6cqxageJbgc-02168-00499656-00499903 are using this sort of convention the
+6cqxageJbgc-02169-00499904-00499959 label
+6cqxageJbgc-02170-00499960-00500399 just above the the the text input
+6cqxageJbgc-02171-00500400-00500710 sm with a much smaller font but it's
+6cqxageJbgc-02172-00500712-00500927 very closely associated with that
+6cqxageJbgc-02173-00500928-00501247 so it takes less space it doesn't
+6cqxageJbgc-02174-00501247-00501487 require horizontal scrolling
+6cqxageJbgc-02175-00501488-00501687 and it's clean anyway because they have
+6cqxageJbgc-02176-00501688-00501959 a good alignment and a good spacing
+6cqxageJbgc-02177-00501960-00502135 so even the same form again we see that
+6cqxageJbgc-02178-00502135-00502295 the information is the same
+6cqxageJbgc-02179-00502296-00502599 more or less 99 is the same but the
+6cqxageJbgc-02180-00502600-00502735 layout is different
+6cqxageJbgc-02181-00502735-00503087 the right one is cleaner is more
+6cqxageJbgc-02182-00503088-00503303 looks more modern and is also more
+6cqxageJbgc-02183-00503304-00503559 compatible with
+6cqxageJbgc-02184-00503560-00503910 the new type of devices that are
+6cqxageJbgc-02185-00503912-00504166 and also you see also the final buttons
+6cqxageJbgc-02186-00504167-00504351 here
+6cqxageJbgc-02187-00504352-00504647 are just below only one of confirmation
+6cqxageJbgc-02188-00504647-00504807 we don't have the
+6cqxageJbgc-02189-00504808-00505070 we do that many more complexity in this
+6cqxageJbgc-02190-00505071-00505270 button so we try also to simplify the
+6cqxageJbgc-02191-00505271-00505462 actions of the user
+6cqxageJbgc-02192-00505463-00505831 so every year every month every company
+6cqxageJbgc-02193-00505832-00506022 the big company is trying to come up
+6cqxageJbgc-02194-00506023-00506239 with better details
+6cqxageJbgc-02195-00506239-00506487 better design we see if we see the one
+6cqxageJbgc-02196-00506488-00506670 in 2020 you see that they are
+6cqxageJbgc-02197-00506671-00506870 changed the label for this one for this
+6cqxageJbgc-02198-00506871-00507047 this single field which is something
+6cqxageJbgc-02199-00507047-00507159 which is really
+6cqxageJbgc-02200-00507160-00507431 uh seldom used but maybe they detected
+6cqxageJbgc-02201-00507432-00507470 that
+6cqxageJbgc-02202-00507471-00507703 they the users made some mistakes and
+6cqxageJbgc-02203-00507704-00507870 they wanted to clarify it
+6cqxageJbgc-02204-00507871-00508055 because it's the only one without any
+6cqxageJbgc-02205-00508056-00508222 label you see
+6cqxageJbgc-02206-00508223-00508399 is the only one who doesn't have any
+6cqxageJbgc-02207-00508400-00508607 label and so maybe
+6cqxageJbgc-02208-00508608-00508791 that creates some confusion and they
+6cqxageJbgc-02209-00508792-00509014 push them to to modify this kind of
+6cqxageJbgc-02210-00509015-00509191 layout
+6cqxageJbgc-02211-00509192-00509383 a lot of details which we should need to
+6cqxageJbgc-02212-00509384-00509510 care and
+6cqxageJbgc-02213-00509512-00509807 really what i hope that we can train our
+6cqxageJbgc-02214-00509808-00510118 eyes in recognizing
+6cqxageJbgc-02215-00510119-00510287 good forms and bad forms and good
+6cqxageJbgc-02216-00510288-00510439 layouts and bad layouts
+6cqxageJbgc-02217-00510439-00510614 the alignments of the elements and so on
+6cqxageJbgc-02218-00510615-00510791 now that we know the tricks
+6cqxageJbgc-02219-00510792-00511022 it's not only our in subconscious brain
+6cqxageJbgc-02220-00511023-00511199 which is processing them for helping
+6cqxageJbgc-02221-00511200-00511455 us making out the information but also
+6cqxageJbgc-02222-00511456-00511583 our conscious brain
+6cqxageJbgc-02223-00511584-00511943 no we try to see what the designers did
+6cqxageJbgc-02224-00511943-00512270 okay okay i see that this is nice but i
+6cqxageJbgc-02225-00512271-00512431 also can tell you why
+6cqxageJbgc-02226-00512432-00512575 because they see the trick that the
+6cqxageJbgc-02227-00512576-00512783 designer was using in that specific
+6cqxageJbgc-02228-00512784-00512966 interface
+6cqxageJbgc-02229-00512967-00513422 so basically uh start from the size
+6cqxageJbgc-02230-00513423-00513743 that you want to to fill in the page
+6cqxageJbgc-02231-00513743-00514022 try to have good alignment especially
+6cqxageJbgc-02232-00514023-00514222 left alignment is less aligned texture
+6cqxageJbgc-02233-00514223-00514399 is easier to read
+6cqxageJbgc-02234-00514400-00514791 and and so that you can guide the eye
+6cqxageJbgc-02235-00514792-00515047 in reading and perceiving all the
+6cqxageJbgc-02236-00515047-00515199 content in the page
+6cqxageJbgc-02237-00515200-00515455 very quickly without any effort so that
+6cqxageJbgc-02238-00515456-00515631 when the users start thinking about what
+6cqxageJbgc-02239-00515632-00515718 they saw
+6cqxageJbgc-02240-00515719-00516039 their brain already processed more uh
+6cqxageJbgc-02241-00516039-00516303 most of the page and they remember that
+6cqxageJbgc-02242-00516304-00516527 any deviation
+6cqxageJbgc-02243-00516528-00516766 any consistency and any deviations are
+6cqxageJbgc-02244-00516767-00516903 automatically classified
+6cqxageJbgc-02245-00516904-00517118 and so the brain is telling you these
+6cqxageJbgc-02246-00517119-00517310 are close together these are similar
+6cqxageJbgc-02247-00517312-00517462 they
+6cqxageJbgc-02248-00517463-00517759 think of them as a single group and this
+6cqxageJbgc-02249-00517760-00517862 is different
+6cqxageJbgc-02250-00517863-00518175 so think of that as something different
+6cqxageJbgc-02251-00518176-00518407 so you can you can exploit this
+6cqxageJbgc-02252-00518408-00518559 automatic classification
+6cqxageJbgc-02253-00518560-00518751 for giving different meanings to the
+6cqxageJbgc-02254-00518752-00519047 different parts of the page
+6cqxageJbgc-02255-00519047-00519383 okay so this was the first part of this
+6cqxageJbgc-02256-00519384-00519483 uh
+6cqxageJbgc-02257-00519484-00519862 uh journey into the visual design
+6cqxageJbgc-02258-00519863-00520207 and so it's 905 so i'm a bit late as
+6cqxageJbgc-02259-00520208-00520391 usual and sorry again about that
+6cqxageJbgc-02260-00520392-00520718 and we can meet together tomorrow
+6cqxageJbgc-02261-00520719-00521047 again to continue this uh these analysis
+6cqxageJbgc-02262-00521047-00521079 and
+6cqxageJbgc-02263-00521080-00521391 maybe also try to see some some
+6cqxageJbgc-02264-00521392-00521718 examples taken from your hall of fame
+6cqxageJbgc-02265-00521719-00522031 in which we can try to recognize a good
+6cqxageJbgc-02266-00522032-00522095 design
+6cqxageJbgc-02267-00522096-00522287 of a page that you are that you have
+6cqxageJbgc-02268-00522288-00522422 classified as a good
+6cqxageJbgc-02269-00522423-00522822 design page okay so i'll i'll close it
+6cqxageJbgc-02270-00522823-00523095 now so thanks for listening up to now
+6cqxageJbgc-02271-00523096-00523175 and we
+6cqxageJbgc-02272-00523176-00523495 meet again tomorrow morning same place
+6cqxageJbgc-02273-00523496-00523575 same hour
+6cqxageJbgc-02274-00523576-00523984 okay thank you
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00000-00000280-00000359 what about you
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00001-00000360-00001343 do you sell either of them
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00002-00001344-00001975 appears to have the exact same stock
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00003-00001976-00002326 all right
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00004-00002327-00003983 i needed 250 cadmium
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00005-00003984-00005063 oh no i don't have either
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00006-00005064-00005270 all right what else what was i doing
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00007-00005271-00005543 here
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00008-00005544-00006134 i don't remember
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00009-00006135-00006334 okay i think he's the last guy i talked
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00010-00006335-00006534 to
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00011-00006536-00007423 i think i don't think he's left yet
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00012-00007423-00008087 okay now he has the same stuff as well
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00013-00008088-00009110 or at least very close to it
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00014-00009111-00010414 i didn't make it in time he's gone
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00015-00010415-00010671 all right that's enough dawdling is that
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00016-00010672-00011119 my freighter yes it is
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00017-00011120-00011342 gotta have another fleet of freighters
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00018-00011343-00012527 on top of mine
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00019-00012528-00012999 sorry monastery to the goddess what
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00020-00013000-00013358 what long game well i guess there is
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00021-00013359-00013711 mass effect stuff in this game so
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00022-00013712-00014071 i shouldn't be that surprised
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00023-00014072-00014271 i mean i saw references to every other
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00024-00014272-00014471 science fiction earlier today why not
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00025-00014472-00015815 mass effect 2.
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00026-00015816-00015958 all right there's nothing stopping me
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00027-00015959-00016247 from warping to the next area oh no wait
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00028-00016247-00016671 i'm in the area that's why i left
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00029-00016672-00017271 because it was okay too
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00030-00017272-00017583 where's my brain
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00031-00017584-00018286 dead probably so much for my launch fuel
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00032-00018287-00018871 throttle okay there we go
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00033-00018872-00019222 there it is uh
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00034-00019223-00019486 oh my hand wasn't on the stick i wonder
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00035-00019487-00020135 what happened
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00036-00020136-00021063 seriously that's where you're taking me
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00037-00021064-00021343 no wait it's bypassing both of them
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00038-00021344-00021903 going somewhere else
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00039-00021904-00022350 putting in planetary interference
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00040-00022351-00022678 it must be too close oh yeah i
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00041-00022679-00022999 am okay
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00042-00023000-00024327 small planet
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00043-00024328-00025934 oh hey a stargate
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00044-00025935-00026487 i can't i s planned
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00045-00026488-00027183 land please
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00046-00027183-00027455 where are you going i don't want to land
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00047-00027456-00027623 there
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00048-00027624-00027774 i want to land over here where the
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00049-00027775-00028614 marker is
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00050-00028616-00029255 land now
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00051-00029256-00030883 can tankers ship
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00052-00030883-00031687 so
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00053-00031688-00032023 let me guess i have to walk over there
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00054-00032024-00034231 don't i
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00055-00034232-00034807 all right
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00056-00034808-00035415 wait a minute so peeking down there
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00057-00035416-00035543 i didn't see that when i was on the
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00058-00035544-00035790 ground get me back down there
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00059-00035791-00036695 ship land now throttle down and land
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00060-00036696-00036879 it's like furiously pressing the button
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00061-00036880-00037271 the ship's not going down
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00062-00037272-00037455 all right i could not see that beacon
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00063-00037456-00037799 until i took off again
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00064-00037800-00039207 this is a beacon right what are you
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00065-00039208-00039918 what is it
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00066-00039919-00040683 i have no idea
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00067-00040684-00041183 okay
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00068-00041184-00041758 all right there's a gaggle of bases
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00069-00041759-00041927 in that direction that's the same
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00070-00041928-00042174 direction as our
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00071-00042175-00042790 so that's probably where we need to go
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00072-00042791-00043439 um ship thank you
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00073-00043440-00043799 speed please
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00074-00043800-00043999 it's only like 800 meters that we need
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00075-00044000-00044174 to fly so i'm thinking
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00076-00044175-00044574 stop right here
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00077-00044575-00044943 why won't my ship land
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00078-00044944-00045702 land please
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00079-00045703-00046399 i don't want to go up here stop this
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00080-00046400-00046886 wanted to land on the ground
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00081-00046887-00047151 i thought i don't have any launch fuel
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00082-00047152-00047927 why did you have to waste my fuel
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00083-00047928-00048207 i have launched fuel if i have launch
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00084-00048208-00048711 fuel why won't you take off
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00085-00048712-00049015 you have got to be kidding me
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00086-00049016-00049167 i'm just going to jump down there and
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00087-00049168-00050743 call the ship when i need it
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00088-00050744-00052135 i cannot believe my ship won't take off
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00089-00052136-00052358 honestly i think it's the star gate over
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00090-00052359-00052559 here
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00091-00052560-00052726 all right is there an easy way back up
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00092-00052727-00053023 there
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00093-00053024-00053638 so i know where i'm going
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00094-00053639-00053926 yep someone built the teleporter and
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00095-00053927-00054215 there's my ship
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00096-00054216-00055079 hello ship
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00097-00055079-00055919 is that stairs did someone built stairs
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00098-00055920-00056654 and someone built a landing platform
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00099-00056655-00057103 crazy but that's okay
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00100-00057104-00057271 all right i assume this is where i
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00101-00057272-00058882 needed to go
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00102-00058883-00059111 okay
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00103-00059112-00059494 and whatever the hell this is
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00104-00059495-00060238 is this for you to walk through
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00105-00060239-00060791 this goes to the bottom
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00106-00060791-00060959 no i don't know where this goes too this
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00107-00060960-00061375 is underground isn't it
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00108-00061376-00061719 yeah it is i am underground
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00109-00061720-00062150 great i'm lost i've lost my ship
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00110-00062151-00062454 get out of here
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00111-00062455-00062775 all right so did this guy make a way
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00112-00062776-00062823 down
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00113-00062824-00063166 doesn't look like it
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00114-00063167-00063479 why
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00115-00063479-00064038 why would he put this here
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00116-00064039-00064415 what that's not funny
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00118-00067560-00067823 okay these things are kind of annoying
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00119-00067824-00068006 there's whatever i interact with to get
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00120-00068007-00068055 this
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00121-00068056-00068503 to do whatever i need to do
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00122-00068504-00068894 so many people built base things here
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00123-00068895-00069694 i can't tell what i'm supposed to do
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00124-00069695-00070335 is that chinese
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00125-00070336-00071482 all right do i do i go this way i can't
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00126-00071483-00072062 okay
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00127-00072063-00072415 i don't know what to do and there's so
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00128-00072416-00073238 much user created crap here i don't know
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00129-00073239-00073431 wait he's just told me how to deploy the
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00130-00073432-00074599 beacon didn't it
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00131-00074600-00077567 oops all right where's the beacon
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00132-00077568-00078350 okay here the grand prize flying by
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00133-00078351-00078655 oh hey now that is what this was all
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00134-00078656-00078879 about
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00135-00078880-00079150 okay so completing the last of the
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00136-00079151-00079399 milestones didn't matter
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00137-00079400-00080871 the grand prize is mine where's my ship
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00138-00080872-00081191 my underneath i have no idea come on
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00139-00081192-00081294 chip
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00140-00081295-00082487 we have something to chase
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00141-00082488-00082918 okay come on chip
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00142-00082919-00083455 come on come on ship
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00143-00083456-00084462 come on there we go okay
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00144-00084463-00086831 why hello there
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00145-00086832-00087118 yeah cute little mass effect uh
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00146-00087119-00087935 reference there
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00147-00087936-00088143 yes i'm gonna add deflate oh it's
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00148-00088144-00088494 s-class nice
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00149-00088495-00088775 fuel requirements eight tons for 250
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00150-00088776-00089503 light years
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00151-00089504-00089879 all right it doesn't have a crew
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00152-00089880-00090015 well it would be nice if that cloud
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00153-00090016-00090167 wasn't there and i could actually watch
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00154-00090168-00091082 it fly away
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00155-00091083-00091879 okay
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00156-00091880-00092215 all right well i don't have phase six
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00157-00092216-00092382 completed
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00158-00092383-00092535 but there is no way i'm doing that
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00159-00092536-00092894 tonight after two hours and 20 minutes
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00160-00092895-00093750 that's just too much to ask
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00161-00093751-00093999 i have a blueprint for something not
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00162-00094000-00094150 sure what
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00163-00094151-00094479 oh my capital ship playing orbit yet
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00164-00094480-00095879 looks like i am
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00165-00095880-00096055 so all i really needed to complete was
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00166-00096056-00096682 the fifth one
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00167-00096683-00097543 ah
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00168-00097544-00097855 oh the lighting kind of sucks but
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00169-00097856-00098271 we all know what that is
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00170-00098272-00099623 are you just sitting here
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00171-00099624-00099815 nice unfortunately it's just a friggin
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00172-00099816-00100087 we can't land on it
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00173-00100088-00100206 but i guess we would have been a little
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00174-00100207-00101311 confused if it was a freighter
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00175-00101312-00102990 all right
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00176-00102991-00103142 i am going to have a lot of video
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00177-00103143-00103334 editing to do
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00178-00103335-00103654 well let's be fair i don't actually edit
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00179-00103655-00103751 these videos
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00180-00103752-00104127 i mean who has the time for that for the
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00181-00104128-00104430 high-end editing computer to do that
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00182-00104431-00104782 that stuff's expensive all i do is i cut
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00183-00104783-00105078 them into 20-minute parts and
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00184-00105079-00105447 then i do some really basic editing
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00185-00105448-00105758 with open source software to
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00186-00105759-00106095 to make the uh
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00187-00106096-00106495 the shorts that go on youtube
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00188-00106496-00106910 what am i doing i'm looking at uh
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00189-00106911-00107102 looking at this nonsense so the final
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00190-00107103-00107527 phase i've completed all but phase four
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00191-00107528-00108815 can i get phase four before time is up
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00192-00108816-00109510 yeah i don't know
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00193-00109511-00110047 it's the only one left
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00194-00110048-00110366 and it's going to require a ton of fuel
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00195-00110367-00110615 just tons and tons of it although i may
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00196-00110616-00110831 have enough
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00197-00110832-00111158 supplies for fuel now
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00198-00111159-00111623 especially if i can get that cadmium and
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00199-00111624-00112343 quantum computer and extend our range
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00200-00112344-00112510 that already extends our range but this
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00201-00112511-00112895 will extend it even further
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00202-00112896-00113223 although honestly warp cell efficiency
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00203-00113224-00113495 i'd like to get another plus 100 on that
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00204-00113496-00113623 or better
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00205-00113624-00113878 that would be nice the only place i'm
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00206-00113879-00114015 going to get that is on the
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00207-00114016-00114286 anomaly why don't wait does the anomaly
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00208-00114288-00114623 sell upgrades for the freighter
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00209-00114624-00114910 i'll have to check that later because
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00210-00114911-00115119 there's no way i'm staying on any later
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00211-00115120-00115199 than i have
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00212-00115200-00115583 tonight so i'm gonna call this here
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00213-00115583-00115815 and thanks for watching everyone have a
+6cCIRE3kAa8-00214-00115816-00116167 nice day
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00000-00000056-00000308 okay
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00001-00000309-00001896 [Music]
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00002-00001897-00001969 [Applause]
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00004-00007056-00007420 oh
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00005-00007422-00008535 [Music]
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00006-00008536-00008644 oh
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00007-00008645-00010023 [Music]
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00008-00010024-00010343 uh
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00009-00010344-00011658 [Music]
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00010-00011659-00012014 [Applause]
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00011-00012015-00012382 so
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00012-00012383-00014799 [Music]
+6cS8xMCcSHk-00013-00014800-00015008 you
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00000-00000084-00000197 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00001-00000198-00002887 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00002-00002888-00003335 easy
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00003-00003336-00003449 i guess
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00004-00003450-00005683 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00005-00005684-00006107 okay
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00006-00006108-00006865 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00007-00006866-00007014 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00008-00007015-00007315 who's up for another
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00009-00007316-00007433 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00010-00007434-00008456 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00011-00008457-00008942 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00012-00008943-00009991 who's up for another
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00013-00009992-00010828 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00014-00010829-00011283 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00015-00011284-00012683 trevor
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00016-00012684-00012807 oh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00017-00012808-00015278 prepared for hellfire
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00018-00015279-00015483 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00019-00015484-00015963 um
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00020-00015965-00016294 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00021-00016295-00016883 who's up for another
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00022-00016884-00017083 snake
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00023-00017084-00017818 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00024-00017819-00018283 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00025-00018284-00018899 hello
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00026-00018900-00019783 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00027-00019784-00021535 number three
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00028-00021536-00022483 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00029-00022484-00022803 wait
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00030-00022804-00022967 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00031-00022968-00024234 who's up for another
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00032-00024235-00025283 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00033-00025284-00026044 is
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00034-00026045-00026683 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00035-00026683-00027443 oh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00036-00027444-00027538 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00037-00027539-00027695 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00038-00027695-00028464 clean us up
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00039-00028466-00028536 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00040-00028537-00028756 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00041-00028757-00029195 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00042-00029197-00029714 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00043-00029716-00030348 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00044-00030349-00030839 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00045-00030839-00030985 good day
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00046-00030986-00031276 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00047-00031277-00031410 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00048-00031411-00032151 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00049-00032152-00032390 who's up for another joke's over you're
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00050-00032391-00032543 right
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00051-00032544-00033015 are you kidding me
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00052-00033016-00033407 oh my god what
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00053-00033408-00034478 prepare for hellfire
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00054-00034479-00034727 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00055-00034728-00035275 you're dead
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00056-00035276-00035582 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00057-00035583-00036118 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00058-00036119-00036907 who's up for another
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00059-00036908-00037883 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00060-00037884-00038116 reloading
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00061-00038117-00038175 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00062-00038176-00038295 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00063-00038296-00039283 who's up for another
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00064-00039284-00039471 oh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00065-00039472-00041194 my gosh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00066-00041195-00041966 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00067-00041967-00042221 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00068-00042222-00042958 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00069-00042959-00043890 yeah baby
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00070-00043891-00044141 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00071-00044142-00044883 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00072-00044884-00045183 oh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00073-00045184-00045502 oh my gosh is
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00074-00045503-00045943 is not is not victory
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00075-00045944-00047207 we victory oh my gosh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00076-00047208-00047865 let's go team let's see
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00077-00047866-00048098 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00078-00048099-00048171 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00079-00048172-00048479 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00080-00048480-00049706 who's up for another
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00081-00049707-00050483 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00082-00050484-00051030 oh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00083-00051031-00052292 they're so secure
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00084-00052294-00053095 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00085-00053096-00054119 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00086-00054120-00056579 they're so secure
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00087-00056580-00057482 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00088-00057483-00057867 no
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00089-00057869-00058487 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00090-00058488-00059699 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00091-00059700-00060282 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00092-00060283-00060773 what
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00093-00060774-00061682 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00094-00061683-00062006 three more
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00095-00062007-00062438 let's go
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00096-00062439-00062847 this one and
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00097-00062848-00063488 i buy
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00098-00063489-00064482 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00099-00064483-00065754 oh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00100-00065755-00066271 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00101-00066272-00067815 six five six
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00102-00067816-00069543 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00103-00069544-00071482 oh my god
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00104-00071483-00071678 what
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00105-00071679-00072159 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00106-00072160-00073079 oh my gosh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00107-00073080-00074282 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00108-00074283-00074612 crazy
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00109-00074613-00075103 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00110-00075104-00076350 one shot
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00111-00076351-00077326 i did for victory oh my gosh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00112-00077327-00077855 guys let's go to like
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00113-00077856-00078311 let's go
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00114-00078312-00078662 let's go guys
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00115-00078663-00079475 where is he
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00116-00079476-00079638 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00117-00079639-00079975 what no
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00118-00079976-00080350 i net i not
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00119-00080351-00080711 think a zombie
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00120-00080712-00081087 come here i said
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00121-00081088-00081455 for a zombie
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00122-00081456-00081799 yes
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00123-00081800-00082206 come here friends
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00124-00082207-00082582 oh my gosh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00125-00082583-00084215 i see a snow globe
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00126-00084216-00085724 in one
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00127-00085725-00085790 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00128-00085791-00085994 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00129-00085995-00086238 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00130-00086239-00087530 off your feet
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00131-00087531-00088096 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00132-00088097-00088282 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00133-00088283-00088559 oh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00134-00088560-00089813 you're dead
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00135-00089814-00091082 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00136-00091083-00091684 is
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00137-00091685-00091838 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00138-00091839-00092223 oh my gosh guys
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00139-00092224-00093882 go to like
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00140-00093883-00094238 oh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00141-00094239-00094623 wait for 27.
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00142-00094624-00095282 who's up for another and him
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00143-00095283-00096682 winky
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00144-00096683-00097721 yes
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00145-00097722-00098082 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00146-00098083-00098482 oh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00147-00098483-00099078 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00148-00099079-00100882 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00149-00100883-00101018 guys
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00150-00101019-00101319 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00151-00101320-00101655 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00152-00101656-00102287 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00153-00102288-00102873 another
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00154-00102874-00103682 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00155-00103683-00103975 is
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00156-00103976-00105464 they think they're so secure
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00157-00105465-00107632 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00158-00107633-00107883 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00159-00107883-00109430 um
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00160-00109431-00109934 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00161-00109935-00110327 let's play guys
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00162-00110328-00111127 what oh
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00163-00111128-00111534 what
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00164-00111535-00112078 what are you all kidding me
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00165-00112079-00112423 what is this allegro
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00166-00112424-00113110 i see him a little
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00167-00113111-00113990 sniper cats no
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00168-00113991-00114319 i want a minigun i love
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00169-00114320-00114839 minigun
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00170-00114840-00115585 it's so strong
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00171-00115586-00116283 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00172-00116283-00116590 akm
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00173-00116591-00116996 discipline for this
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00174-00116997-00117375 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00175-00117376-00118430 for r5
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00176-00118431-00119102 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00177-00119103-00120243 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00178-00120244-00120815 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00179-00120816-00121120 [Applause]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00180-00121121-00121883 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00181-00121883-00122014 again
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00182-00122015-00124030 oh my god
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00183-00124031-00124717 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00184-00124718-00125513 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00185-00125514-00126083 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00186-00126083-00127143 yes
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00187-00127144-00128389 what
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00188-00128390-00128710 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00189-00128711-00129193 yes baby
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00190-00129194-00130142 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00191-00130143-00130283 [Music]
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00192-00130283-00131159 um
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00193-00131160-00131990 go subscribe and like
+6fgYCOMpuZM-00194-00131991-00132279 bye
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00000-00000460-00000866 welcome to the state of curl 2020 this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00001-00000867-00001139 is my the first time I did is totally
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00002-00001140-00001412 recorded because of you know the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00003-00001413-00001511 situation today
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00004-00001512-00001843 I'm Daniel Steinberg I usually do this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00005-00001844-00002167 presentation at our annual curl up
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00006-00002168-00002654 conference that we have in the spring
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00007-00002655-00003001 every year but this year is different of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00008-00003002-00003368 course so let me take you through a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00009-00003369-00003749 little trip into the curl project how we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00010-00003750-00004456 do how curl as a sort of thing is is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00011-00004457-00004688 doing right now in all sorts of aspects
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00012-00004689-00005174 so I'm going to try to this is going to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00013-00005175-00005333 be a fairly long presentation I have a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00014-00005334-00005525 lot of slides but I'm going to try to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00015-00005526-00005816 address things like growth and size of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00016-00005817-00006077 the project and the code quality and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00017-00006078-00006377 testing of the project and code what how
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00018-00006378-00006659 we faring in terms of commits how we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00019-00006659-00006902 deal with newcomers and old timers who
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00020-00006903-00007319 is doing what releases what's the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00021-00007320-00007556 activity nowadays in the project how we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00022-00007556-00008117 doing vulnerabilities what I think about
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00023-00008118-00008495 how the users view our project now may
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00024-00008496-00008651 be something and a little bit of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00025-00008652-00008824 project the money in the project a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00026-00008825-00009028 little bit how and how much and so on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00027-00009029-00009380 and I'll walk through the biggest things
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00028-00009381-00009589 we've done during the last twelve months
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00029-00009590-00010028 since we do these conferences basically
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00030-00010029-00010400 in the spring every year this is a look
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00031-00010401-00010519 [Music]
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00032-00010520-00010883 sort of spring to spring so so roughly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00033-00010884-00011528 April 2019 to a pre made 2020 and some
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00034-00011529-00011828 words what there's the less good parts
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00035-00011829-00012028 about the project there aren't that many
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00036-00012029-00012481 but elves try to identify the few of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00037-00012482-00012893 them's that I see I want to tell you a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00038-00012894-00013088 little about my role in the project or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00039-00013088-00013275 how I perceive my
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00040-00013276-00013527 role in the project and finally a few
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00041-00013528-00013736 words about the future I don't know much
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00042-00013737-00013913 about the future I won't know a lot
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00043-00013915-00014272 about the future and I'll explain later
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00044-00014273-00014711 so let me dive into this right away how
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00045-00014712-00014933 do we do what's the growth and the size
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00046-00014934-00015294 of the project and I'll curl today 2020
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00047-00015294-00015585 will turned 22 years old just a few
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00048-00015586-00015863 months ago actually just one month a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00049-00015865-00016119 little more than one month ago lines of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00050-00016119-00016416 code in the project this is a graph
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00051-00016417-00016769 showing the source code size that's this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00052-00016770-00017147 is only file size in the source Lib and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00053-00017148-00017394 include directories in the git
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00054-00017395-00017603 repository
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00055-00017604-00018024 I think it's an amazingly linear graph
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00056-00018025-00018419 it shows that we're growing what maybe
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00057-00018420-00018884 maybe around 20,000 lines of code in a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00058-00018885-00019128 little bit over two years so maybe a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00059-00019129-00019461 roughly 10 K lines of code per year
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00060-00019462-00019947 recently and it seems like this is a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00061-00019948-00020147 trend that's been going on for a long
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00062-00020148-00020534 time maybe it will continue maybe not I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00063-00020535-00020718 don't know there's nothing really that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00064-00020719-00020933 says that we that we see something
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00065-00020934-00020990 different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00066-00020991-00021342 ahead but still we never know what's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00067-00021343-00021643 what's there in the future
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00068-00021644-00021990 so the question I get a lot actually is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00069-00021991-00022293 how come a simple little tool like this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00070-00022294-00022511 can have a hundred and sixty-five K
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00071-00022512-00023222 lines of code isn't isn't it a lot but I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00072-00023223-00023603 would argue that it's it's pretty okay
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00073-00023604-00023861 so we support right now in this one
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00074-00023862-00024078 hundred and sixty-five sixty-five K
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00075-00024079-00024483 lines of code 25 transfer protocols and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00076-00024484-00024869 here you can see them in a sort of view
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00077-00024870-00025106 of how they do on top of different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00078-00025107-00025589 transports TCP T less SSH UDP and so on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00079-00025590-00026096 so all of this is included in the 165 K
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00080-00026097-00026614 we support up to 32 different third
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00081-00026614-00026874 dependencies so of course all of this is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00082-00026875-00027243 in the code all of these gray and green
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00083-00027244-00027452 boxes are third-party dependencies and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00084-00027453-00027712 we can't really build with all of them
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00085-00027713-00027893 at the same time but we can build with a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00086-00027894-00028417 lot of different combinations a bunch of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00087-00028418-00028590 them are mutually exclusive really so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00088-00028591-00028845 you can do them at the same time but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00089-00028847-00029230 many of them aren't you really can build
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00090-00029231-00029485 billions of different combinations of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00091-00029486-00029956 carl we have and we know that curl has
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00092-00029957-00030264 run on all these 72 different operating
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00093-00030266-00030487 systems I'm not sure whether they
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00094-00030488-00030695 actually still build on all these but I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00095-00030697-00031039 know from reports that they have or are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00096-00031039-00031276 running on these operating systems and I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00097-00031277-00031474 think it's crazy because 72 operating
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00098-00031475-00031602 systems is certainly more operating
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00099-00031603-00032061 systems that mouth most mortals can even
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00100-00032062-00032620 name it's an a fascinating wall of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00101-00032620-00032785 operating system and of course it was it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00102-00032786-00033037 also runs on 20 different CPU
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00103-00033038-00033443 architectures and basically this is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00104-00033444-00033840 everything CPU wise that is a 32-bit or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00105-00033841-00034111 more then curl can probably run on it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00106-00034112-00034164 and/or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00107-00034165-00034510 it already has run on it so all of that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00108-00034511-00034957 you get within those 165 5k lines of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00109-00034958-00035448 code not to mention than these specific
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00110-00035449-00035685 third-party dependencies that we support
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00111-00035686-00036055 nowadays 13 different TLS libraries and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00112-00036056-00036310 here's a little graph showing how the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00113-00036311-00036855 number of supported TLS backends have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00114-00036856-00037237 varied over time and as you can see the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00115-00037238-00037507 line actually goes down a few times over
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00116-00037508-00037896 here at the right-most
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00117-00037897-00038206 top because we removed a ext less a few
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00118-00038207-00038521 years ago and we removed polar SSL well
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00119-00038522-00038949 recently in the beginning of 2020 here
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00120-00038950-00039289 so we were up at 14 and we went down to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00121-00039290-00039882 13 so all of that is in the code we keep
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00122-00039883-00040162 supporting these and I I'm not aware of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00123-00040163-00040402 any project and we're supporting
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00124-00040403-00040701 anywhere near this many TLS libraries
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00125-00040702-00041017 and from what I can tell most of them
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00126-00041018-00041545 are used every now and then the number
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00127-00041546-00041731 of command line options supported by the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00128-00041732-00042061 curl tool is keep I mean it keeps
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00129-00042062-00042358 growing we're at 231 it's not easy to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00130-00042359-00042718 tell from this graph because of the the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00131-00042719-00042880 levels here you can just see that it's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00132-00042881-00043174 more than 200 but this is 2 and up here
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00133-00043175-00043378 in the rightmost again at most part
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00134-00043379-00043660 basically well since these graphs Orla
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00135-00043661-00043933 em put out with the time line and the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00136-00043934-00044274 time line is pretty long we're looking
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00137-00044275-00044539 promotion at the right end of the graphs
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00138-00044540-00044971 and and they appear and there that's 231
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00139-00044972-00045454 commenting options that we have the 230
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00140-00045455-00045890 first we added just there years ago in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00141-00045891-00046432 7.7 2.0 so a lot of growth there to the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00142-00046433-00046720 number of curl easy setup options is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00143-00046721-00046927 similarly growing and growing and we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00144-00046928-00047743 rappin at 200 and I believe 270 you can
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00145-00047744-00048010 see that we've grown about 20 setup
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00146-00048011-00048348 options during the last two years so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00147-00048349-00048690 over the last five years or so been
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00148-00048691-00048970 growing about 10 setup options per year
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00149-00048971-00049201 and it seems to be a trend that's bingo
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00150-00049202-00049450 on going on for a while and yeah there's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00151-00049451-00049930 no end in sight there either some of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00152-00049931-00050173 options of course have gone deprecated
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00153-00050174-00050457 of the time so while they exist some
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00154-00050458-00050677 ancient options actually don't do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00155-00050678-00050746 anything anymore
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00156-00050747-00051199 I'll get back to that later on so quite
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00157-00051200-00051615 a lot of growth and size increase over
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00158-00051616-00051957 the time in both code and support of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00159-00051958-00052207 different you know operating systems up
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00160-00052208-00052462 and everything so how do we make it all
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00161-00052463-00052741 of that make sure that everything is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00162-00052741-00053050 keep working the quality in testing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00163-00053051-00053332 parts of the project it's of course not
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00164-00053333-00053509 a separate part really but it's an
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00165-00053510-00053955 integrated thing but as many people will
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00166-00053957-00054286 mention how we write this in C is memory
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00167-00054287-00054616 unsafe how can we do this but C is not
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00168-00054616-00054835 only efficient it is way way more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00169-00054836-00055233 portable than anything else so I always
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00170-00055234-00055720 tribute C as a pretty sizable it's sort
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00171-00055721-00055927 of the one of the primary explanations
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00172-00055928-00056116 why Karl exists on all these different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00173-00056116-00056287 platforms operating systems
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00174-00056288-00056524 architectures because it's e you can run
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00175-00056525-00056788 it everywhere you can pour it run it on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00176-00056789-00057092 basically anything 32-bit CPU and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00177-00057094-00057472 basically any rudimentary operating
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00178-00057473-00057853 system can run car so yeah you could
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00179-00057854-00058017 possibly avoid some of the security
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00180-00058019-00058177 problems by switching to another
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00181-00058178-00058357 language but then we would sacrifice a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00182-00058358-00058645 lot of other things so I don't foresee
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00183-00058646-00058978 this to happen while well at least well
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00184-00058979-00059703 I'm this involved so we try to mitigate
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00185-00059704-00060058 the the primary problems we'd see you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00186-00060059-00060313 know the memory unsafe safe things we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00187-00060314-00060715 try to mitigate that or mitigate worst
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00188-00060716-00060966 sort of make sure that curl is good in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00189-00060967-00061264 general by writing readable code and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00190-00061265-00061477 making sure that we follow code style
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00191-00061478-00061690 and indentation and everything the code
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00192-00061691-00061876 should really look like it was written
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00193-00061877-00062035 by a single person and it should be
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00194-00062036-00062341 readable and understandable nothing you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00195-00062341-00062379 know
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00196-00062380-00062704 clever or creative or anything the code
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00197-00062704-00062950 should be simple and easy to read at all
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00198-00062951-00063013 times
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00199-00063014-00063298 we don't always succeed in that the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00200-00063299-00063529 first one to admit it and I'm not sort
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00201-00063529-00063826 of I'm certainly not the one to say that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00202-00063827-00064153 we sometimes are failing on my my you of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00203-00064154-00064315 course personally fail at times but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00204-00064316-00064522 that's what we're striving and we do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00205-00064523-00064810 that we reach that by following the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00206-00064811-00064945 style guides and making sure that we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00207-00064946-00065179 review code and make sort of point out
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00208-00065179-00065398 its each other's mistakes and we iterate
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00209-00065399-00065504 over time of course
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00210-00065504-00065723 fix the problems that we find even if it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00211-00065724-00066059 landed before and we also add tests for
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00212-00066060-00066380 everything here again we don't do we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00213-00066381-00066671 don't actually test everything but we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00214-00066672-00067007 trying really hard right so and we added
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00215-00067008-00067244 we do a lot of fuzzing these days which
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00216-00067245-00067493 is also an awesome way to find problems
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00217-00067494-00067825 especially sort of the memory and safe
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00218-00067826-00068153 safe things and of course static code
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00219-00068154-00068551 analyzing is a good way to find
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00220-00068552-00068780 suspicious spots in the code and we do a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00221-00068781-00068972 lot of static code analyzing these days
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00222-00068973-00069137 we have a bunch of different tools that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00223-00069138-00069500 help us out find suspicious points to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00224-00069501-00069784 fix and we fix them we don't leave any
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00225-00069785-00070156 static code analyzing analyzers warnings
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00226-00070157-00070513 lingering around we fix them so for
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00227-00070514-00070694 example then we can take a look at this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00228-00070695-00070991 this is Coverity I would say the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00229-00070992-00071267 state-of-the-art static analyzer that we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00230-00071268-00071543 can use for C code here's one of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00231-00071544-00071881 recent runs I did uncurl and it found
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00232-00071882-00072206 nothing so in this case it found 172
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00233-00072207-00072256 lines
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00234-00072257-00072503 thousand lines of code there's no
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00235-00072504-00073069 defective detected by Coverity I run
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00236-00073070-00073223 Coverity every now and then on the code
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00237-00073224-00073393 to make sure that we stick to this and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00238-00073394-00073694 of course every now and then it finds
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00239-00073695-00073874 something that looks suspicious and then
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00240-00073875-00074135 we fix it so I always try to make sure
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00241-00074136-00074348 that we fix all those defects before we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00242-00074349-00074788 do a release so by if I do my job right
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00243-00074789-00075194 we never release anything with a defect
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00244-00075195-00075731 that Coverity can find we are part of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00245-00075732-00075950 the OSS first project which is a Google
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00246-00075951-00076156 fuzzing project I've throw a lot of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00247-00076157-00076438 garbage on Lib Carl non-stop around the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00248-00076439-00076781 clock but we've been doing this for a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00249-00076782-00077105 while now and with pretty much flatlined
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00250-00077106-00077411 the report graph I don't have any graph
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00251-00077412-00077765 here right now but it was a long time
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00252-00077766-00077925 since it was as fast found anything
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00253-00077926-00078247 particular in curl since now and we've
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00254-00078248-00078443 sort of we fixed all the low-hanging
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00255-00078444-00078631 fruits we fixed all those suspicious
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00256-00078632-00078900 things and we haven't really added any
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00257-00078901-00079197 new entry points for for the fuzzer to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00258-00079198-00079686 find new weird paths in integral so it's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00259-00079687-00080007 basically gone silent which is then no
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00260-00080008-00080322 it's hard to judge but it's actually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00261-00080323-00080520 better when it's silent than when it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00262-00080521-00080748 finds something at least and now we have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00263-00080749-00080985 this new cool feature that they also
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00264-00080986-00081114 provide in diverse as first project
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00265-00081115-00081365 called CI fuss which means that it runs
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00266-00081366-00081708 40 minutes of fuzzing on the code for
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00267-00081709-00081879 every commit MP or we have in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00268-00081880-00082112 current project so if we would commit or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00269-00082113-00082487 propose a PR that has something
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00270-00082488-00082944 seriously wrong memory wise chances are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00271-00082945-00083247 that CI fuzz will find it and point it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00272-00083248-00083556 out of course certainly ill run 40
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00273-00083557-00083733 minutes and it then sort of capped by
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00274-00083734-00083982 time so there's also this risk that we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00275-00083983-00084294 can commit stuff that wouldn't be even
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00276-00084295-00084528 just found within 40 minutes but still
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00277-00084529-00084887 this is still a bump up in in our CI
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00278-00084888-00085122 infrastructure to make sure it makes
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00279-00085123-00085410 sure that we find more things earlier
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00280-00085411-00085749 before we land them so yeah we need to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00281-00085750-00085959 add more entry points to get more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00282-00085960-00086172 fuzzing done possibly find more problems
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00283-00086173-00086415 but I also should add that I know that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00284-00086416-00086640 several of the security researchers we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00285-00086641-00086796 are in contact with every now and then
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00286-00086797-00087171 who I'll get back to the bounty program
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00287-00087172-00087444 that but I know that most of those
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00288-00087445-00087789 security researchers they run their own
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00289-00087790-00088014 visors so I know that there there's more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00290-00088015-00088182 fussing than just it was as fasting
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00291-00088183-00088892 going on we also do a little fuzzing on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00292-00088893-00089229 separately on each CI a and C a job as
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00293-00089230-00089493 well and as I mentioned the number of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00294-00089494-00089679 test cases in the project has grown over
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00295-00089680-00089973 time and we're at now we're approaching
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00296-00089974-00090243 1,400 and what is the test case that's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00297-00090244-00090440 so really wide
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00298-00090441-00090819 it's rough number it speculates actually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00299-00090820-00091038 in this case it's an it's just a file in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00300-00091039-00091242 the file system in the get repository so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00301-00091243-00091530 it doesn't really say anything how good
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00302-00091531-00091722 it is how much it tests or anything but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00303-00091723-00092028 it's one way to count just make sure
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00304-00092029-00092166 that we're doing progress and we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00305-00092167-00092272 adding things
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00306-00092273-00092507 over time so yes we test more and more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00307-00092508-00092743 over time of course I know but of course
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00308-00092744-00093121 we add more code to so as you can see is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00309-00093122-00093387 very linear this one as well so the the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00310-00093388-00093625 line' in the code linearity and the test
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00311-00093626-00093885 case linearity they're roughly the same
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00312-00093886-00094186 so I think that we're actually over time
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00313-00094187-00094480 we're adding more test cases then we add
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00314-00094481-00094887 code so I think that's in general good I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00315-00094888-00095548 did this little counter this shows
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00316-00095549-00095722 number of bug fixes we've done in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00317-00095723-00095980 project that's the blue graph and the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00318-00095981-00096387 the pink one here has M uses them y axis
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00319-00096388-00096646 on the right side which is bug fixes per
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00320-00096647-00097042 day landed in get that counted in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00321-00097043-00097200 release notes file so we can see that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00322-00097201-00097687 from around 2014 something with 2015 we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00323-00097688-00097968 went up to since then we've been over
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00324-00097969-00098196 one bug fix per day in the project and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00325-00098197-00098562 from 2018 something we're over
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00326-00098563-00098872 one-and-a-half bug fix per day and yeah
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00327-00098873-00099091 as you can seen in recent days we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00328-00099092-00099450 circling around to bug fixes per day
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00329-00099451-00099691 actually in the most recent released
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00330-00099692-00100187 seven dots seventy dot zero
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00331-00100188-00100600 three bug fixes per day so we'll see yes
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00332-00100601-00100843 and this pink line here that's an
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00333-00100844-00101499 average over the last five releases so I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00334-00101500-00101746 had it making an average because some
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00335-00101747-00102004 releases actually go quite it goes up
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00336-00102005-00102213 and down pretty much yeah but it's deep
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00337-00102214-00102424 between releases so I had to do it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00338-00102425-00102986 average twice to smoothen out temporary
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00339-00102988-00103399 spikes and and autumns in the graph and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00340-00103400-00103588 I think an average of five releases and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00341-00103589-00103747 since we did release this every eight
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00342-00103748-00104002 weeks on general and if we do things
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00343-00104003-00104184 correctly maybe sometimes slightly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00344-00104185-00104415 shorter but five releases done makes it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00345-00104416-00104851 40 weeks so that's so the pink line here
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00346-00104852-00105069 is an average over roughly forty weeks
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00347-00105070-00105550 more or less I think it shows that we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00348-00105551-00105628 keep
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00349-00105629-00106011 up in the project and we're actually you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00350-00106013-00106284 know compared to a long time ago we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00351-00106285-00106675 doing a lot more things and what is a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00352-00106676-00106870 bug fix a bug fix is anything that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00353-00106871-00107068 improves the project usually a lot of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00354-00107069-00107235 these fixes are actually fixes the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00355-00107236-00107419 documentation and which you could argue
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00356-00107420-00107716 if that's a bug fix or not but we still
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00357-00107717-00108159 count anything that fixes the project as
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00358-00108160-00108279 a bug fix
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00359-00108280-00108534 there are also bug fixes done to test
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00360-00108535-00108718 cases for example which also doesn't
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00361-00108719-00109003 really fix the code but it's sort of it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00362-00109004-00109381 long-term it improves the project and we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00363-00109382-00109785 have certain one way that we're making
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00364-00109786-00109942 sure that the project is getting better
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00365-00109943-00110290 is by adding more CI CI then that runs
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00366-00110291-00110641 builds and tests and verifies everything
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00367-00110642-00110914 in every commit and every pull request
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00368-00110915-00111111 we do in curl and as you can see in this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00369-00111113-00111475 little graph with the purple one here on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00370-00111476-00111801 the right top that's the total count a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00371-00111802-00112174 pair total count is now over 80 I think
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00372-00112175-00112747 it's 80 to 83 and and as you can see we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00373-00112748-00113065 we use nowadays we use five different CI
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00374-00113066-00113380 services and they're we're all we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00375-00113381-00113626 bumping up them all basically there's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00376-00113627-00113776 only one that we haven't really raised
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00377-00113777-00113956 significantly recently and that's this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00378-00113957-00114076 one seriously I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00379-00114077-00114397 we should probably use that more and the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00380-00114398-00114667 theory here is of course that we need a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00381-00114668-00114889 lot of CI is to make sure that we land
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00382-00114890-00115102 better code or find mistakes earlier
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00383-00115103-00115279 before we land them in the master branch
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00384-00115280-00115624 and we've recently and some of us have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00385-00115625-00115864 worked hard to distribute the CI jobs
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00386-00115865-00116125 evenly between the different CI services
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00387-00116126-00116401 so that we could take full advantage of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00388-00116402-00116680 each service instead of overloading one
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00389-00116681-00116845 as we've done in the past as you can see
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00390-00116846-00117001 this the garage the green one iris
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00391-00117002-00117223 Travis CI so Travis was alone for a very
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00392-00117224-00117616 long time which made us rely I would say
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00393-00117617-00117844 will it be too much on Travis so it got
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00394-00117845-00118033 sort of a little bit overloaded and then
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00395-00118033-00118260 it then made everything slow so we're by
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00396-00118261-00118477 adding more work on the other CI
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00397-00118478-00118835 services we even out of the work and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00398-00118836-00119163 we get it completed we get all the jobs
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00399-00119164-00119522 completed in a short period of time and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00400-00119523-00119844 well this this graph shows it spread out
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00401-00119845-00120099 between the different CI services the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00402-00120100-00120383 old ECI services provide free CI
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00403-00120384-00120642 services for projects that are open
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00404-00120643-00121038 source we actually have more than the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00405-00121039-00121304 free tier on three of them and I'll get
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00406-00121305-00121746 back to how we do that so that that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00407-00121747-00121917 means that we're actually getting with
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00408-00121918-00122151 the results done a little bit faster
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00409-00122152-00122418 than we do than we did before when we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00410-00122419-00122601 only had the free tier because the free
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00411-00122602-00122804 tiers are often limited in how the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00412-00122805-00122973 number of parallel bills and what kind
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00413-00122974-00123114 of CPU performance you get on these
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00414-00123115-00123683 services and spread out the same
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00415-00123684-00123870 information to see our jobs we can see
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00416-00123871-00124089 them spread upper platform how we build
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00417-00124090-00124653 and run tests on different platforms so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00418-00124654-00124919 as you can see we started out in July
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00419-00124920-00125223 2017 and there in the left side of this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00420-00125224-00125591 graph we only had Linux and Mac tests
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00421-00125592-00125975 and we the number of Linux tests have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00422-00125976-00126324 that number has grown significantly over
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00423-00126325-00126659 time and recently as you can see in 2019
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00424-00126660-00127010 something we've started adding mmm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00425-00127011-00127304 Windows tests and we added FreeBSD tests
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00426-00127305-00127619 so there are at least a bunch of them
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00427-00127620-00127910 different platforms and of course why do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00428-00127911-00128295 we need so many tests on Linux and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00429-00128296-00128553 Windows and so on and it doesn't really
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00430-00128554-00128763 show here but of course we do a lot of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00431-00128764-00128925 different build combinations you know
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00432-00128926-00129039 switching on and off different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00433-00129040-00129288 third-party dependencies and different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00434-00129289-00129594 options in the build so why when we have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00435-00129595-00129948 30 something builds on Linux they're all
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00436-00129949-00130128 different right different compilers
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00437-00130129-00130508 different options and features enabled
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00438-00130509-00130728 and disabled in the build to make sure
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00439-00130729-00130883 that those different combinations still
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00440-00130884-00131376 work fine and are good and a bunch of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00441-00131377-00131577 them of course run things like analyzers
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00442-00131578-00131994 and debug things and most of them run
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00443-00131995-00132135 the entire test suite
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00444-00132136-00132609 on those particular targets and how so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00445-00132610-00132935 done okay I said almost 1,400 test cases
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00446-00132936-00133428 82 CI jobs on three plan for operating
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00447-00133429-00133764 systems on 5 CI services what's the test
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00448-00133765-00134181 coverage done we used to do measure that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00449-00134182-00134505 but it's it's really really flaky in how
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00450-00134506-00134811 to measure and we've given that up so we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00451-00134812-00135192 had around 72 to 70% of on the coveralls
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00452-00135193-00135411 that IO service but it was really flaky
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00453-00135412-00135660 both the service is really flaky so it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00454-00135661-00135882 went up and down and could say one of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00455-00135883-00136056 these days we could add 0 another day
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00456-00136057-00136269 you said hundreds and then it went back
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00457-00136270-00136683 to 78 or 82 so it it really turned out
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00458-00136684-00136875 to be really annoying to have this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00459-00136876-00137202 service around so we shut it down and we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00460-00137203-00137406 also did the test coverage only for a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00461-00137407-00137667 single TLS ssh resolve reconfig set up
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00462-00137668-00137871 which means mentally assure for the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00463-00137872-00138072 particular setup we had that particular
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00464-00138073-00138441 coverage which didn't really say
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00465-00138442-00138657 everything and coverage really just
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00466-00138658-00138804 cover is really hard to measure in a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00467-00138805-00138975 project occur when you have a billions
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00468-00138976-00139131 of different build combinations
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00469-00139132-00139320 different architectures different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00470-00139321-00139608 platforms whatever so what what do you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00471-00139609-00139863 do we actually mean by test coverage so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00472-00139864-00140250 I went back for that and then also we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00473-00140251-00140424 did we were we weren't really able to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00474-00140425-00140712 run all the tests in this test coverage
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00475-00140713-00141012 test cases so we didn't actually get the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00476-00141013-00141263 real number for the test coverage either
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00477-00141264-00141675 so yeah it didn't really help us we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00478-00141676-00141962 ditched it but it's in that vicinity
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00479-00141963-00142434 somewhere maybe up to 80% ok so who's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00480-00142435-00142740 doing all these commits and what's the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00481-00142741-00143096 commit frequency and so on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00482-00143097-00143550 onwards onwards so ok I'm doing a fair
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00483-00143551-00143745 amount of commit so if we count all my
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00484-00143746-00143958 commits done in the project over time
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00485-00143959-00144231 you can we can see that I still have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00486-00144232-00144852 done accumulated IMATS 57% something as
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00487-00144853-00145194 you can see I'm my share is the blue the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00488-00145195-00145407 blue one on top here and the green one
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00489-00145408-00145493 is everyone else
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00490-00145494-00145759 so my share has certainly shrunk
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00491-00145760-00145996 significantly significantly over time
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00492-00145997-00146299 and I really hope and I really think
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00493-00146300-00146536 that it will continue to shrink because
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00494-00146537-00146860 others are going to step up and work
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00495-00146861-00147458 harder and do more and yeah but I just
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00496-00147459-00147656 wanted to show you that yeah I'm still
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00497-00147657-00148048 yeah I'm still holding the wheel in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00498-00148049-00148213 project I still do a lot of commits this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00499-00148214-00148382 is the accumulated account of course
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00500-00148383-00148750 which makes all my early commits count a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00501-00148751-00148978 little bit too much so if we would see
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00502-00148979-00149302 my commits in a month-to-month basis I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00503-00149303-00149503 wouldn't have fifty-seven percent I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00504-00149504-00149737 would have less because I do less than
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00505-00149738-00150194 seven fifty seven recently anyway and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00506-00150195-00150494 here's the total come commit count per
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00507-00150495-00150748 month and here again we see we have the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00508-00150749-00151046 blue one that is actually Canada shows
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00509-00151047-00151283 exactly every month number of commits
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00510-00151284-00151663 per month and the pink one in the middle
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00511-00151664-00151906 there that's the 12-month average
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00512-00151907-00152374 commits per month and it's amazingly how
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00513-00152375-00152596 we keep circling around the average
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00514-00152597-00152843 there being around hundred up to it was
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00515-00152844-00153337 I mean here to 2005 we had a peak at 175
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00516-00153338-00153615 something average and there we've been
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00517-00153616-00153956 circling around 100 average line where
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00518-00153957-00154246 as you can see the recent few months
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00519-00154247-00154588 we've been up in the 150 200 range so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00520-00154589-00154801 the average will go up a little bit here
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00521-00154802-00155227 but we're keep the pace which I think
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00522-00155228-00155626 it's it's interesting as we get more and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00523-00155627-00155809 more commuters with the code size is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00524-00155810-00156095 growing the test guys test numbers are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00525-00156096-00156356 increasing but the commits per month
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00526-00156357-00156775 frequency seems to be fairly I mean it's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00527-00156776-00156932 not really stable as you can see it's up
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00528-00156933-00157084 and down up and down everybody
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00529-00157085-00157556 the average is it is within pretty
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00530-00157557-00158128 narrow scope and I think it's good it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00531-00158129-00158473 shows it certainly doesn't show any sort
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00532-00158474-00158686 of decline no particular
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00533-00158687-00159066 growth in speed either but number then
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00534-00159067-00159244 again this is number of commits what is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00535-00159245-00159426 it commit become it can be a very small
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00536-00159427-00159622 commit and can be very big commit I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00537-00159623-00159804 don't know exactly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00538-00159805-00160023 maybe I should have some sort of data on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00539-00160024-00160416 how if commit sizes or complexity have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00540-00160417-00160636 changed over time maybe it has I don't
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00541-00160637-00161016 know I have no way of knowing it's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00542-00161017-00161134 really hard to measure to you right
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00543-00161135-00161359 maybe I could do a graph based on the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00544-00161360-00161695 committee size ISA see if they like the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00545-00161696-00161896 median size of the commits have have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00546-00161897-00162571 changed over time anyway commits per
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00547-00162572-00162945 year then shows basically the same
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00548-00162946-00163398 information it's fairly solid we can see
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00549-00163399-00163563 that it's a little bit up and down it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00550-00163564-00163935 was actually down already in 2006 you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00551-00163936-00164218 can see we were sub 1000 and we were
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00552-00164219-00164501 been hovering out if you can see here
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00553-00164502-00164947 2009 10 11 12 we were only a little bit
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00554-00164948-00165378 over to that 1000 commits and then 13 14
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00555-00165379-00165610 we had some extractive 'ti in them back
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00556-00165611-00166041 to the 13 14 hundred range we were at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00557-00166042-00166306 what's this 1300 last year and they said
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00558-00166307-00166512 2020 this is of course we're now on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00559-00166513-00166989 April 30 so of course and this should be
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00560-00166990-00167185 less than half of what we expect this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00561-00167186-00167475 year so we I think we're at roughly at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00562-00167476-00167971 the 2019 pace so far this year so it's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00563-00167972-00168240 still I don't know what to tell about
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00564-00168241-00168610 this but it shows that we're we're we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00565-00168611-00168856 moving ahead in the in a similar fashion
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00566-00168857-00169338 like before if we take a look at commit
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00567-00169339-00169827 authors per year we can see that we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00568-00169828-00170064 certainly are increasing in number of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00569-00170065-00170397 authors in a period year per year basis
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00570-00170398-00170679 which ones taken together with a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00571-00170680-00170985 combined with the previous graphs
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00572-00170986-00171315 it's it'll tell us that we have more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00573-00171316-00171544 authors per year but if we remain the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00574-00171545-00171769 same number of commits yeah sure the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00575-00171770-00171961 previous
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00576-00171962-00172309 we do have less commits per otter then
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00577-00172310-00172582 we have had over here maybe I should do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00578-00172583-00172759 that as a separate graph I'll try that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00579-00172760-00172995 out at some point
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00580-00172996-00173422 so yeah and again 20 20 here is a very
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00581-00173423-00173727 low graphic of course we're only we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00582-00173728-00174079 four months in so that's a third of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00583-00174080-00174442 year so I'm I'm estimating that we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00584-00174443-00174679 getting up close to the 2019 number
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00585-00174680-00174859 anyway unless you can see the 2019 was
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00586-00174860-00175129 actually slightly shorter than the 2018
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00587-00175130-00175468 number which is the record almost 160
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00588-00175469-00175801 authors and what I think it's most
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00589-00175802-00175975 positive with this graph is the the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00590-00175976-00176128 darker green ones which is the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00591-00176129-00176452 first-time authors so last year alone we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00592-00176453-00176740 had over 100 for first-time authors in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00593-00176741-00176977 the project and as you can see 2018 also
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00594-00176978-00177355 over 100 and we're already in 2020 we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00595-00177356-00177679 approaching for a first-time commit
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00596-00177680-00177976 authors in the project so still a steady
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00597-00177977-00178147 stream of first-timers in the project
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00598-00178148-00178444 and I that's I think they're really good
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00599-00178445-00178705 news and good takeaway from this apart
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00600-00178706-00179038 from that we're still you know hundreds
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00601-00179039-00179251 of people every year working on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00602-00179252-00179581 improving curl this way there these are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00603-00179582-00180018 people actually writing commits so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00604-00180019-00180340 that's even I would say one step more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00605-00180341-00180501 than just helping out they're actually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00606-00180502-00180766 you know rolling up their sleeves and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00607-00180767-00181009 actually writing stuff submitting a pull
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00608-00181010-00181452 request in and getting stuff merged I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00609-00181453-00181753 have this little thing if you do ten
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00610-00181754-00181972 commits or more within the project
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00611-00181973-00182275 within a single year I I did this graph
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00612-00182276-00182571 that sort of if you do that you are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00613-00182572-00182875 assumed to be sort of a core team member
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00614-00182876-00183181 ten commits that's not a lot but as you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00615-00183182-00183367 say as you saw before we do less than
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00616-00183368-00183526 fifteen hundred commits per year so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00617-00183527-00183742 maybe ten kameez for a single user is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00618-00183743-00184060 still not that many people do that and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00619-00184061-00184216 if we look at how many people are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00620-00184217-00184411 actually doing ten commit some more per
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00621-00184412-00184690 year we can see that in 2019 we were
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00622-00184691-00185032 only eight people who did it and in 2020
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00623-00185033-00185302 we're six so far now
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00624-00185303-00185892 actually nine people in 2019 ten in 2018
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00625-00185893-00186571 13 in 2017 17 here being the sort of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00626-00186572-00186985 peak and also 2014 and yeah we round
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00627-00186986-00187207 this number of people we're usually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00628-00187208-00187636 usually this the same set of people of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00629-00187637-00187798 course I'll get back to some names later
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00630-00187799-00188050 but it doesn't really matter most
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00631-00188051-00188452 usually these 10 this core team that do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00632-00188453-00188728 10 commits or more we usually end up
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00633-00188729-00188965 with these are the people have who do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00634-00188966-00189367 more than 80 between we do 80 to 90
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00635-00189368-00189580 percent of all the commits within the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00636-00189581-00190153 project in a year so how do we do with
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00637-00190154-00190381 newcomers and old-timers as I showed
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00638-00190382-00190737 before with those green graphs with
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00639-00190738-00190954 quite a number of commuters quite a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00640-00190955-00191152 number of newcomers so we can see the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00641-00191153-00191344 number of contributors in the project it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00642-00191345-00191809 keeps growing we try really hard to give
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00643-00191810-00192004 credit to the correct people you know
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00644-00192005-00192166 when we get a bug report and everything
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00645-00192167-00192553 we make sure that we credit who reports
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00646-00192554-00192823 and whose suggests things and who helps
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00647-00192824-00193000 out and everything that's not to make
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00648-00193001-00193192 sure that all the names are recorded for
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00649-00193193-00193375 for people who help up and what they
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00650-00193376-00193576 were added as contribute contributors in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00651-00193577-00193945 there thanks file and this graph shows
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00652-00193946-00194254 the number of names in the thanks file
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00653-00194255-00194683 in the git repository it keeps growing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00654-00194684-00195067 it's up to the its appended 2,200 number
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00655-00195068-00195481 right now so it's yeah it's actually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00656-00195482-00195721 growing slightly faster over time so you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00657-00195722-00196029 can see it's not strictly it's not a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00658-00196030-00196348 clean straight line is actually more of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00659-00196349-00196621 a little band - it's it's going faster
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00660-00196622-00197002 faster which i think is awesome and it's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00661-00197003-00197242 great I think it's a testament that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00662-00197243-00197665 we're succeeding in in being we were
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00663-00197666-00197980 able to be to get people's contributions
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00664-00197981-00198304 to guide them to get the bug reports and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00665-00198305-00198464 to get their feedback
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00666-00198465-00198746 to get that back into the project and as
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00667-00198747-00198899 long as we do this I think we're in a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00668-00198900-00199118 good position so I think this is a sign
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00669-00199119-00199418 of good health not that we have this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00670-00199419-00199598 many things to fix because we will
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00671-00199599-00199772 always have a lot of things things to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00672-00199773-00199958 fix because we keep changing things but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00673-00199959-00200303 I think as long as we get a large number
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00674-00200304-00200645 of contributors and contributions we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00675-00200646-00200858 good and of course if you look at this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00676-00200859-00201152 little bump here back in 2005 and you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00677-00201153-00201365 and wonder what happened did an army
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00678-00201366-00201743 show up that particular year no in that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00679-00201744-00202126 particular year I did I went through all
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00680-00202127-00202493 backlogs and make sure that I updated
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00681-00202494-00202697 the thanks file correctly because I had
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00682-00202698-00202895 been sloppy with that before and not
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00683-00202896-00203171 really then I only up until that point
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00684-00203172-00203390 in time I basically only counted you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00685-00203391-00203603 know core contributors so the name list
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00686-00203604-00203855 was really limited to a few people like
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00687-00203856-00204242 30 maybe up to 80 at this point and then
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00688-00204243-00204572 I when I realized that should make sure
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00689-00204573-00204830 to give everyone who helps out proper
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00690-00204831-00205021 credit and then I went back through the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00691-00205023-00205232 change logs and added those names to be
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00692-00205233-00205451 thanks file so that's why it bumped up
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00693-00205452-00205741 that particular year and since then I've
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00694-00205742-00205982 been we've been I've been we've been
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00695-00205983-00206188 trying really hard to make sure what to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00696-00206189-00206462 give everyone who helps up proper credit
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00697-00206463-00206919 that's the that's there how we can pay
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00698-00206921-00207121 respects to everyone who helps out
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00699-00207123-00207541 mention them and say thanks because we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00700-00207542-00207812 we're not a source project we we are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00701-00207813-00208001 only the results of what the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00702-00208002-00208273 contributors do so a lot of contributors
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00703-00208275-00208496 2200 commits authors done
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00704-00208496-00208813 I mentioned that previously so so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00705-00208814-00209026 authors being anyone who has written
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00706-00209027-00209504 something merged into the main curl get
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00707-00209505-00209900 repository so that's like a different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00708-00209901-00210056 ending contributor because a contributor
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00709-00210057-00210233 can be just someone who reported a bug
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00710-00210234-00210592 and here's someone who actually landed a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00711-00210592-00210914 change a commit in the source repository
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00712-00210915-00211073 which doesn't have to be code it could
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00713-00211073-00211256 be documentation but in test cases but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00714-00211257-00211583 usually it is code and here we can see
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00715-00211584-00211763 that when the number of commits authors
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00716-00211764-00211853 is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00717-00211854-00212171 reaching it's not quite 800 yet but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00718-00212171-00212291 we're getting there
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00719-00212292-00212588 I estimate that we're gonna surpass 800
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00720-00212589-00213008 within months so so sometimes this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00721-00213009-00213269 summer we're going to hit the 800
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00722-00213269-00213977 ceiling here we can also see the number
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00723-00213978-00214309 single commit authors here so we since
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00724-00214310-00214706 these days we get these submissions
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00725-00214707-00215012 these contributions we github as pull
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00726-00215013-00215396 requests so if they do if people when
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00727-00215396-00215573 they're poor look at their submission is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00728-00215573-00215792 okay we reviewed it it's fine
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00729-00215792-00216128 we merge it and if they only did that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00730-00216129-00216464 once these authors there will be counted
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00731-00216465-00216680 as a single committee author and as you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00732-00216681-00216887 can see the lower here the green graph
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00733-00216888-00217180 is the number of people then added that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00734-00217181-00217412 exists as a committee or third that only
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00735-00217413-00217883 ever did one commit so right now then in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00736-00217884-00218167 the beginning of 2020 we're a little bit
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00737-00218169-00218429 more than 500 single committed authors
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00738-00218430-00218804 out of the almost 800 authors so we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00739-00218805-00219152 roughly 300 less than 300 of authors who
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00740-00219153-00219367 have actually written more than one
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00741-00219369-00220142 commit but it's good I mean I of course
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00742-00220142-00220487 we prefer people who are you know repeat
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00743-00220488-00220679 contributors who come back and help us
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00744-00220680-00221027 again but if it's still better to get it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00745-00221028-00221312 first as single commit author help us
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00746-00221313-00221594 out then not help us out at all so I'm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00747-00221594-00221789 still grateful there's still good
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00748-00221790-00222167 contributors good authors even if we we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00749-00222167-00222421 of course should strive to do everything
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00750-00222423-00222746 to make sure that these people can come
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00751-00222746-00222919 back and help us out again and I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00752-00222921-00223160 actually think the there are more likely
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00753-00223161-00223403 to come back again once when they've
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00754-00223404-00224000 done it once but I don't know sometimes
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00755-00224001-00224392 I also think that they fix the thing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00756-00224394-00224671 that each they scratch their itch and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00757-00224673-00225010 when they're done with it they move on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00758-00225011-00225205 there H is scratched so maybe they only
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00759-00225206-00225484 had that single each and then they don't
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00760-00225485-00225709 come back to our project they go fix
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00761-00225710-00225994 another itch in another project still
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00762-00225996-00226090 good stuff
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00763-00226091-00226507 authors per month over time the number
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00764-00226508-00226919 of authors per per well this is a commit
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00765-00226919-00227299 authors so in get then the graph here
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00766-00227300-00227588 with the bars show the numbers per month
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00767-00227589-00227917 of course here we can see this is April
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00768-00227917-00228542 2020 we're up at 26 27 authors and the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00769-00228542-00228823 pink line here is the 12 months average
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00770-00228824-00229019 so we can see that is actually growing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00771-00229019-00229384 over time and that sure that sort of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00772-00229385-00229555 follows the same pattern I showed you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00773-00229556-00229748 before right the number of commits might
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00774-00229748-00229994 be roughly the same as before but we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00775-00229994-00230269 having more authors per month than
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00776-00230271-00230677 before so I like that I like that we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00777-00230678-00231244 have a lot of authors good I'd like to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00778-00231246-00231430 see that as a sign of good good health
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00779-00231431-00231685 in the project and the number of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00780-00231686-00231988 first-time authors in a project it's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00781-00231989-00232303 still growing as well as you can see the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00782-00232304-00232501 the 12-month average here the pink line
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00783-00232502-00232889 shows that we're at nine new first-time
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00784-00232890-00233224 authors per month on average which is I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00785-00233225-00233350 think it's pretty amazing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00786-00233351-00233653 us being 22 years old we're using we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00787-00233654-00233980 writing code in see sort of a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00788-00233981-00234269 fundamental library style project that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00789-00234269-00234681 isn't always attracting people
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00790-00234682-00234938 contributors because it's perceived to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00791-00234939-00235381 be complicated and if you see this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00792-00235382-00235794 Everage thing has been above above six
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00793-00235796-00236029 newcomers first-time commuters since
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00794-00236030-00236308 2017 so we've been maintaining this pace
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00795-00236309-00236564 of first come first cameras coming into
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00796-00236565-00236912 the project for over three years now and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00797-00236913-00237263 some months we really get really high
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00798-00237264-00237604 peaks up here I think it's good I hope
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00799-00237605-00237791 that we can maintain this to get sure
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00800-00237792-00237946 that we get more because I mean of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00801-00237948-00238156 course first-time committers that's the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00802-00238157-00238348 that's the entry point right to new
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00803-00238350-00238592 regular contributor everyone has to do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00804-00238592-00238723 with the first time sometime
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00805-00238725-00238928 and by making sure other people can do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00806-00238929-00239329 it easily and conveniently and and I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00807-00239330-00239681 mean it get a nice experience of that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00808-00239682-00239846 project right we should be friendly we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00809-00239846-00240142 should accept and help them out and make
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00810-00240144-00240394 sure that their code lands fine and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00811-00240394-00240719 successfully in Carl I think that is the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00812-00240719-00240914 first condition to make sure that they
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00813-00240915-00241031 want to come back they want to stick
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00814-00241032-00241154 around in the project and help us
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00815-00241155-00241592 succeed in the future so who's doing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00816-00241592-00241829 most most of the commits and I limited
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00817-00241830-00242296 this little check to since January 2017
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00818-00242298-00242675 just to cut off all old legacy from the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00819-00242676-00243298 first 19 years or so so I do here's a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00820-00243300-00243742 person the x axis here is percent of all
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00821-00243744-00243929 the commits so as you can see I've done
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00822-00243930-00244366 more than 50% of all committees 2017 and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00823-00244367-00244691 Marcel J Steve Daniel Patrick then
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00824-00244692-00244952 marked Michael Johannes and Victor or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00825-00244953-00245269 the other 10 top authors as you can see
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00826-00245271-00245663 I mean the number and again here what's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00827-00245664-00245917 a commit right I think I do morale of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00828-00245919-00246134 the maintenance commits that are silly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00829-00246135-00246305 and just updates you know I'd like to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00830-00246306-00246586 release notes and stuff so I get an
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00831-00246587-00246896 unfair amount of release now sorry
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00832-00246896-00247208 commit so by counting commits I think I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00833-00247209-00247496 I give myself a little bit too much
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00834-00247496-00247742 importance but maybe it doesn't really
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00835-00247742-00248159 matter is it's just some kind of sign of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00836-00248160-00248576 activity in the project but these are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00837-00248577-00248738 basically the same people that has been
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00838-00248739-00249065 around for a while so these are the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00839-00249066-00249311 known names in the project the regulars
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00840-00249312-00249611 part of the this core team that I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00841-00249612-00249812 mentioned before these are basically the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00842-00249813-00249996 same names that show up as their top
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00843-00249998-00250513 commuters every year the last few years
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00844-00250514-00250763 so we do releases in curlers as I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00845-00250764-00251000 mentioned we do we try to do releases
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00846-00251001-00251198 and you know that every eight weeks
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00847-00251198-00251528 right so if if things work correctly we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00848-00251529-00251621 do release
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00849-00251621-00251837 only Wednesday and then Wednesday eight
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00850-00251838-00252083 weeks after that the first four weeks
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00851-00252084-00252458 four weeks the first four weeks we do we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00852-00252459-00253021 much changes and and well changes to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00853-00253023-00253217 behavior and new features of stuff and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00854-00253217-00253471 the second half of the period the four
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00855-00253473-00253652 weeks preceding the release we do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00856-00253653-00253808 nothing but bug fixes that we don't
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00857-00253809-00254087 merge changes or features anymore that's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00858-00254088-00254414 a typical idea so how many days do we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00859-00254415-00254591 have between the releases I mean how am
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00860-00254592-00254951 what does it end up like and here again
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00861-00254952-00255232 look at the far right of the graph
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00862-00255233-00255530 because hairs has the sadness of this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00863-00255531-00255851 graph we had a lot of these these drops
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00864-00255852-00256106 or all failures so you know we we want
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00865-00256107-00256594 to have them at 56 so so 56 is the ideal
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00866-00256594-00257138 height the 56 number we started eight
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00867-00257139-00257333 weeks release cycle I think we started
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00868-00257334-00257717 at roughly at the 2014 time so before
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00869-00257717-00258032 that we did it more ad hoc and since
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00870-00258033-00258457 2014 25 15 something it became sort of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00871-00258458-00258632 the project policy we do it every eight
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00872-00258633-00258998 weeks period we adjust it sometimes but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00873-00258998-00259253 it does it sort of they the main idea is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00874-00259254-00259688 every 56 days so every drop here that is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00875-00259689-00260156 significant not just a little if a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00876-00260157-00260467 significant drop pair that signifies a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00877-00260467-00260930 stressed release or a release that is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00878-00260931-00261169 sure a release cycle that is much
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00879-00261171-00261413 shorter than planned originally which is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00880-00261414-00261832 a sign of a serious bug or serious
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00881-00261833-00262033 security problem that we had to get out
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00882-00262034-00262262 before the end of the regular release so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00883-00262263-00262532 that's a failure and if we look at more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00884-00262533-00262807 modern times than here I'm looking at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00885-00262808-00263153 now a four four down right part of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00886-00263154-00263405 graph we can see that we did recently
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00887-00263406-00263763 with this this is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00888-00263764-00264070 7.62 9.1 release we did it really short
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00889-00264071-00264410 we did it after seven days which was a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00890-00264411-00264855 complete failure on our part to do us a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00891-00264856-00265102 solid release I mean we did release
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00892-00265103-00265366 before at 56 and then another it's seven
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00893-00265367-00265576 days not good and we did them before her
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00894-00265577-00265969 so but we can see that we didn't do many
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00895-00265970-00266278 of them here in 2019 2018 2019 we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00896-00266279-00266587 started to get better at it I'm hoping
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00897-00266588-00267079 that these three here were not the sign
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00898-00267080-00267406 of a new trend but we fixed it or and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00899-00267407-00267550 we're getting better and we should make
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00900-00267551-00268045 sure to really stick to our changes and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00901-00268046-00268300 bug fixes periods and we should make
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00902-00268301-00268546 sure that we have test cases that cover
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00903-00268547-00268809 everything so these things shouldn't
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00904-00268810-00269029 happen this one happened because we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00905-00269030-00269188 didn't have proper tests for a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00906-00269189-00269544 particular problem that occurred
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00907-00269545-00269881 hopefully we will have that the next
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00908-00269882-00270057 time well here's the bug fixes again
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00909-00270058-00270412 let's skip it now so activity in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00910-00270413-00271059 project just well commits and everything
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00911-00271060-00271356 else or also activity of course but I'm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00912-00271357-00271699 here are some graphs and other views on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00913-00271700-00272055 activity like monthly issues on github
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00914-00272056-00272317 how many issues are created how many
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00915-00272318-00272592 pull requests are created how many open
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00916-00272593-00272880 issues a palookas do we have in on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00917-00272881-00273343 github so this graph starts in 2015 and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00918-00273344-00273633 it starts in 2015 because 2015 actually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00919-00273634-00273880 I think it's in March which is if you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00920-00273881-00274219 look at this first bump on the graph I'm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00921-00274220-00274342 looking at the left side here of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00922-00274343-00274629 graph the first bump here is when we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00923-00274630-00274867 announce in the project that hey we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00924-00274868-00275167 going to switch to use the github model
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00925-00275168-00275508 for changes and issues so we basically
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00926-00275509-00275781 said ditch the old way of doing things
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00927-00275782-00276088 in curl and we used the the source force
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00928-00276089-00276346 bug tracker up till then so we said we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00929-00276347-00276538 switch to github for issues and switch
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00930-00276539-00276732 to github for pull requests starting now
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00931-00276733-00276939 so before that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00932-00276940-00277137 it's not important how we did at github
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00933-00277138-00277407 because we didn't really want anything
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00934-00277408-00277578 to happen on get up so we started there
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00935-00277579-00277961 and since then with as you can see we've
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00936-00277962-00278229 gradually grown and then the blue line
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00937-00278230-00278439 here being created pull requests so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00938-00278440-00278577 we're getting more and more pull
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00939-00278578-00278955 requests over time the griemann created
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00940-00278956-00279545 issues more stable but we're still at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00941-00279546-00279846 somewhere around 40 50 issues per month
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00942-00279847-00280089 so that's one one-and-a-half issue per
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00943-00280090-00280503 day pull requests up in the two three
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00944-00280504-00280851 pull requests per day and the red hair
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00945-00280852-00281178 shows that we're closing them fairly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00946-00281179-00281520 quickly so these are I called it the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00947-00281521-00281799 median open number of issues and pull
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00948-00281800-00281976 requests which means that every day
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00949-00281977-00282189 during the month I count how many there
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00950-00282190-00282399 are open and I picked the median one in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00951-00282400-00282537 the middle and that's what this graph
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00952-00282538-00283122 shows so yeah with where we're roughly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00953-00283123-00283566 were between 160 issues and palookas
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00954-00283567-00283896 open every well typically every day and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00955-00283897-00284142 I think that's good we're trying to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00956-00284143-00284439 close them as fast as we can but some of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00957-00284440-00284622 them are really hard to close out and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00958-00284623-00285099 yeah I I believe in not keeping too many
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00959-00285100-00285285 open because we drown in them and we get
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00960-00285286-00285548 lost
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00961-00285549-00286002 so that I think it's shows a healthy
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00962-00286003-00286440 activity level and that where we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00963-00286441-00286713 doing okay we're closing them at least
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00964-00286714-00286878 as fast as we're getting them and we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00965-00286879-00287079 getting them but pull requests are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00966-00287080-00287628 increasing issues roughly the same and I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00967-00287629-00287859 think this is an interesting graph this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00968-00287860-00288111 shows the ages of the github issues in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00969-00288112-00288645 in the repository and here's definitely
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00970-00288646-00288834 if if you're into statistics and graphs
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00971-00288835-00288963 we can show the difference between
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00972-00288964-00289386 median and average so we get most issues
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00973-00289387-00289875 or closed within the same day so in in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00974-00289876-00290196 this graph every issue that is filed
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00975-00290197-00290296 will be at least
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00976-00290297-00290488 one day all because it's been there at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00977-00290489-00290806 least one day part of one day so the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00978-00290807-00291040 blue line here can never be lower than
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00979-00291041-00291363 one because one is the lowest number but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00980-00291364-00291811 it can suddenly be higher so a lot of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00981-00291812-00291987 our issues and palookas are closed
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00982-00291988-00292368 really fast so the median is really low
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00983-00292369-00292867 so more than half are usually closed
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00984-00292868-00293101 within one or two days so that's why the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00985-00293102-00293425 median is really really low but then we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00986-00293426-00293701 have these really these complicated
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00987-00293702-00294064 issues some of them linger around for a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00988-00294065-00294289 really long time so that makes the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00989-00294290-00294724 average go off really high so at some
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00990-00294725-00295045 months we closed issues that are really
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00991-00295046-00295429 old and that makes the green one which
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00992-00295430-00295921 is the average for that month go take
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00993-00295922-00296266 off really a lot some at some point in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00994-00296267-00296809 time or in some months I should say I'm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00995-00296810-00297201 not sure what this shows other than that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00996-00297202-00297628 most issues are closed fast some issues
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00997-00297629-00298189 are really not but I mean if the tricky
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00998-00298190-00298396 and if they remain there were just
+6iHYRQZvf1I-00999-00298397-00298582 tricky and they remain some of them are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01000-00298583-00298717 really hard to reproduce some of them
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01001-00298718-00298876 how to understand some of them we can
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01002-00298877-00299086 don't there's a lot of back and forth in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01003-00299087-00299512 so that's just the way it is another
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01004-00299513-00299830 thing to see activity in the project and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01005-00299831-00300094 here's one of the few graphs that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01006-00300095-00300340 actually shows a decline and a decline
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01007-00300341-00300742 has been going on for for a long time so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01008-00300743-00301053 this is mailing list posts per month and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01009-00301054-00301314 here we can see the two different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01010-00301315-00301600 collections of lines here they're at the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01011-00301601-00301783 top one which is the blue in the green
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01012-00301784-00302083 that's the curl library mailing list the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01013-00302084-00302458 blue being number of post per month and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01014-00302459-00302817 the green being in the 12-month average
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01015-00302818-00303072 number of posts per month and and the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01016-00303073-00303421 pink line here is the number of posts on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01017-00303422-00303697 the curl users list with the black being
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01018-00303698-00303892 the average number of posts on the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01019-00303893-00304198 caduceus lists of those and we can see
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01020-00304199-00304569 that basically we had a peak around 2009
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01021-00304570-00304834 which has to had the most number of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01022-00304835-00305056 mailing this post per month we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01023-00305057-00305518 basically averaged well near 400 emails
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01024-00305519-00305737 per month on the main list and since
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01025-00305738-00306001 then has been gradually been slowing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01026-00306002-00306166 down and here
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01027-00306167-00306459 as you can see this I think this drastic
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01028-00306460-00306796 drop on the curl library list is 2015
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01029-00306797-00307024 something and which also then signifies
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01030-00307025-00307363 the beginning of adopting the github
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01031-00307364-00307690 model of pull requests and issues so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01032-00307691-00307918 before this point in time we handle a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01033-00307919-00308347 lot of the bug bug reports and patched
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01034-00308348-00308572 submissions pull requests on the mailing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01035-00308573-00309115 list so this drop the signal I mean the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01036-00309116-00309295 largest part of this drop is actually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01037-00309296-00309672 activity switching over to github and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01038-00309673-00310138 that is really good in general at least
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01039-00310139-00310369 since this point in time maybe of some
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01040-00310370-00310747 when we started I did a CI system and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01041-00310748-00311047 everything for curl so then then the way
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01042-00311048-00311401 of doing patch submissions and github
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01043-00311402-00311680 was really a huge improvement to the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01044-00311681-00311947 curl model of developing software it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01045-00311948-00312217 since we now test everything before we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01046-00312218-00312607 merge it before before those sea-ice we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01047-00312608-00312901 tested everything after it merged which
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01048-00312902-00313345 is less good of course so that's the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01049-00313346-00313485 activity on the mailing list so we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01050-00313486-00313657 still at a we have still average at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01051-00313658-00313924 around 100 emails and the curl user
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01052-00313925-00314473 library mailing list per month so okay
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01053-00314474-00314773 here's one of the more more interesting
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01054-00314774-00315007 things that happened in the project over
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01055-00315008-00315225 the last year or so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01056-00315226-00315469 vulnerabilities so how do we do security
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01057-00315470-00316066 vice vice in the project do you know
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01058-00316067-00316294 see bees per year reported by the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01059-00316295-00316632 project and I here's one of my favorite
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01060-00316633-00316846 graphs of my entire person entire
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01061-00316847-00317221 presentation here we're at zero CVS in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01062-00317222-00317757 2020 we were at what 8 in 2019 and we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01063-00317758-00318148 were at 12 2018 and we had this peak in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01064-00318149-00318495 2016 I mentioned it before it other
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01065-00318496-00318748 elsewhere that but 2016 we had a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01066-00318749-00319104 security what it done by external party
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01067-00319105-00319315 and I found a lot of issues we did our
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01068-00319316-00319653 record release with a record number of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01069-00319654-00319969 CVS in 2016 11 fixed CVS in a single
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01070-00319970-00320341 release in 2020 here we did the most
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01071-00320342-00320590 recent release with that was our six
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01072-00320591-00320784 release in a row without the single
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01073-00320785-00321214 security release security advisory we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01074-00321215-00321565 also we're on a record spree really with
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01075-00321566-00321804 the longest period of time since 2013
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01076-00321805-00322254 without reported security problem so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01077-00322255-00322540 we're it looks good I'm not saying that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01078-00322541-00322774 we're past this or that there aren't any
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01079-00322775-00322948 more security problems in curve because
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01080-00322949-00323235 I'm sure there is but it looks like
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01081-00323236-00323484 we're doing some things right at least
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01082-00323485-00323668 so where we're going in the right
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01083-00323669-00323910 direction where we're flattening this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01084-00323911-00324292 curve at least to some to some level and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01085-00324293-00324541 I think this is good I hope that we can
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01086-00324542-00324825 maintain this and it would wanna the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01087-00324826-00324994 dream is of course that we will keep
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01088-00324995-00325374 this bar at zero during the entire 2020
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01089-00325375-00325774 and if we do I'll buy everyone an extra
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01090-00325775-00326245 beer at next year's curl up right so C
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01091-00326246-00326437 is per year and but if you if we look at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01092-00326438-00326625 I have another fun graph which is them
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01093-00326626-00326821 they said okay this is number of fixed
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01094-00326822-00327193 TVs over time it just I just like this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01095-00327194-00327394 one particular one because at the top
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01096-00327395-00327697 right here we can see it flat line is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01097-00327698-00327937 the plateau here which is now 230
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01098-00327938-00328259 there's something since the previous
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01099-00328260-00328540 bump on the curve which just shows that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01100-00328541-00329092 with we haven't increased number in over
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01101-00329093-00329327 half year and that's good that's good
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01102-00329328-00329729 it's been racing really fast since 2014
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01103-00329730-00330008 something and I hope that we will slow
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01104-00330009-00330782 down we're going an interesting view of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01105-00330783-00330965 vulnerabilities which isn't really about
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01106-00330966-00331271 this year much because only three of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01107-00331272-00331472 these vulnerabilities happen the last
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01108-00331473-00331835 year and if we look at this graph shows
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01109-00331836-00332357 the age how long the particular
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01110-00332358-00332600 vulnerability existed in the code when
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01111-00332601-00332867 it was reported and fixed so basically
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01112-00332868-00333308 the purple graph shows the number of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01113-00333309-00333680 days the flow existing code so it shows
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01114-00333681-00333962 that code can be vulnerable to secure
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01115-00333963-00334130 the problem for a very long time until
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01116-00334131-00334553 someone finds the problem I guess it you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01117-00334554-00334793 know many eyeballs isn't enough to show
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01118-00334794-00335078 to find security problem so and and the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01119-00335079-00335270 green one here is there as a reference
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01120-00335271-00335531 to show how old the project was at the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01121-00335532-00335846 time the bug was found so basically it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01122-00335847-00336152 existed this long before if I look at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01123-00336153-00336332 the top right here and then the bug it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01124-00336333-00336530 was introduced and it existed so in this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01125-00336531-00336893 particular case issue number 74
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01126-00336894-00337340 something it existed in almost well six
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01127-00337341-00337487 thousand five hundred days in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01128-00337488-00337679 project before it was found and fixed
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01129-00337680-00338075 and well the good part here is that the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01130-00338076-00338318 graphs are at least sort of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01131-00338319-00338585 shrinking right so the three last ones
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01132-00338586-00338768 they were at least lower than four
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01133-00338769-00338974 thousand days but and the under and the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01134-00338975-00339467 very most recent one was thousand days I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01135-00339468-00339761 think here that is good but thousand
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01136-00339762-00339965 days that still almost three years so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01137-00339966-00340187 the bug existed in code in three years
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01138-00340188-00340385 until someone found out and reported it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01139-00340386-00340588 and we fixed it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01140-00340589-00340871 hopefully this graph will keep shrinking
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01141-00340872-00341204 and if when we find more security
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01142-00341205-00341405 problems in the future hopefully they
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01143-00341406-00341645 are recently added and we will you know
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01144-00341646-00342014 keep adding low bars here that's the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01145-00342015-00342310 dream not a toy will be like that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01146-00342311-00342540 looking at this graph historic
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01147-00342541-00342759 we can at least say that no that's not
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01148-00342760-00343107 how it works the bug bounty we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01149-00343108-00343350 introduced last year extra and actually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01150-00343351-00343662 we did it just after last year's curl
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01151-00343663-00343920 app so this is basically all news from
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01152-00343921-00344268 from within the last year people have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01153-00344269-00344565 submitted bug bounty submissions
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01154-00344566-00344960 you know suspected security problems or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01155-00344961-00345648 and the number of those or at this range
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01156-00345649-00345822 so they started out we started out the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01157-00345823-00346083 program in late April and as you can see
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01158-00346084-00346356 the top line here is the number of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01159-00346357-00346536 submissions and the green one is the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01160-00346537-00346776 number of valid submissions or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01161-00346777-00347043 submissions we okayed and give gave
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01162-00347044-00347220 watch to and they ended up a security
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01163-00347221-00347676 problem advisories so as you can see we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01164-00347677-00348015 have got a lot of submissions most of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01165-00348016-00348273 them not security related problems that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01166-00348274-00348578 follow that sort of adhere to our policy
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01167-00348579-00348960 if we look at more stats from the bug
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01168-00348961-00349353 bounty we got during a Patil now we have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01169-00349354-00349707 gotten 112 submissions six of them were
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01170-00349708-00350073 sort of valid and ended up as rewards a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01171-00350074-00350277 few more of them were actually valid but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01172-00350278-00350559 they were more with the median they were
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01173-00350560-00350877 valid as in we considered them bugs not
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01174-00350878-00351129 security related vulnerabilities so I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01175-00351130-00351405 think maybe this roughly the same amount
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01176-00351406-00351663 were converted into regular bugs and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01177-00351664-00351819 just fixed because they want to reveal
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01178-00351820-00351963 they weren't considered to be security
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01179-00351964-00352367 related so out of those those six
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01180-00352368-00352671 reports got a total reward boundary of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01181-00352672-00353046 1,400 US dollars which I mean comparison
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01182-00353047-00353214 to the big bounty programs in the world
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01183-00353215-00353583 is not a lot and since we've managed to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01184-00353584-00353781 keep the number down so much as in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01185-00353782-00354119 number in reported rewards we really
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01186-00354120-00354570 were committed to raising the awards so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01187-00354571-00354824 we will give more money to future
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01188-00354825-00355146 reports the average bound is 233 dollars
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01189-00355147-00355590 is going to be more we respond to two
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01190-00355591-00355920 security reports within an hour on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01191-00355921-00356172 rich which i think is good for one oh if
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01192-00356173-00356466 that goes for these 112 submissions then
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01193-00356467-00356694 we the first response is within an hour
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01194-00356695-00356904 which is I think it's good since we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01195-00356905-00357081 in a global world and people can submit
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01196-00357082-00357516 reports from any time zone we triage
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01197-00357517-00357900 things and figure them out in closer and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01198-00357901-00358101 get a first assessment of the problem
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01199-00358102-00358353 within a day on average again and we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01200-00358354-00358812 all there in this kursk you team and we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01201-00358813-00359247 do assess the bounty on average within
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01202-00359248-00359562 ten days I think we could improve on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01203-00359563-00359769 this but still there's a bunch of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01204-00359770-00360018 decisions in in figuring everything else
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01205-00360019-00360270 so I think ten days is still a good
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01206-00360271-00360330 average
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01207-00360331-00360603 we usually then resolve the problem
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01208-00360604-00360843 within 19 days and I think hair is also
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01209-00360844-00361232 a matter of I think we usually resolve
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01210-00361233-00361437 it when we do release with a fix and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01211-00361438-00361791 that the release is often usually even
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01212-00361792-00362060 when it comes to security problems we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01213-00362061-00362268 stick to this release schedule so we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01214-00362269-00362640 just you know we queue up the release of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01215-00362641-00363003 the fix to the next already scheduled
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01216-00363004-00363297 curl release so it this devolution the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01217-00363298-00363627 resolution time here will then vary upon
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01218-00363628-00363819 when do you bring the release cycle we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01219-00363820-00364131 get the security report so what have we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01220-00364132-00364302 learned from all these past
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01221-00364303-00364716 vulnerabilities this is basically the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01222-00364717-00365060 same conclusions I had last year so we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01223-00365061-00365450 we have I would say that we have a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01224-00365451-00365670 integral flows are tricky and they have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01225-00365671-00365931 tricked us into some of these flaws and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01226-00365932-00366357 we are mitigating these floors by a few
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01227-00366358-00366630 different things we have fixed we have a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01228-00366631-00366833 more and we deserve a safe realloc
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01229-00366834-00367050 function within curls have helped us
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01230-00367051-00367296 avoid somebody realloc floors we had
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01231-00367297-00367728 previously we have we have a global
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01232-00367729-00367971 string length limiting curl so we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01233-00367972-00368376 basically you can't provide and in two
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01234-00368377-00368640 gigabyte string too curly in one of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01235-00368641-00368796 these three options to curl anymore
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01236-00368797-00369240 because it's not we don't assume
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01237-00369241-00369375 we don't think anyone actually wants
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01238-00369376-00369606 that so did I think nowadays the limit
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01239-00369607-00370088 for a string pasta curl is 8 megabytes
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01240-00370089-00370356 and I'm going to fix more we have this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01241-00370357-00370752 more at the Dean of dynamic buffer PR in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01242-00370753-00371210 5300 which is pending March is also
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01243-00371211-00371687 another way to make sure that we work on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01244-00371688-00372015 mitigating how we handle dynamic buffers
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01245-00372016-00372411 in curl so all dynamic buffers will well
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01246-00372412-00372777 first it will use a single function sort
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01247-00372778-00372978 of set of functions within curl so that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01248-00372979-00373248 it'll be less number of separate
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01249-00373249-00373443 implementations and they will all have a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01250-00373444-00373629 fixed upper limit of number of bites
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01251-00373630-00373980 they can contain so also another
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01252-00373981-00374190 mitigation if we won't accidentally let
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01253-00374191-00374472 any one of those grow into an ridiculous
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01254-00374473-00374781 amount of memory and they can even be
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01255-00374782-00375036 much smaller than 8 megabytes in many
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01256-00375037-00375288 cases for cases where we don't expect
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01257-00375289-00375558 them to ever be more than say a few
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01258-00375559-00375798 caves or 100 KS or 1 megabyte yourself
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01259-00375799-00376130 so limit it more where we're possible
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01260-00376131-00376392 and of course we know then as I showed
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01261-00376393-00376557 you with this graph that code lingers
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01262-00376558-00376794 I mean vulnerable vulnerable code
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01263-00376795-00377016 lingers in the code a long time until we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01264-00377017-00377250 find them and get them reported but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01265-00377251-00377448 fuzzing is really the king and even all
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01266-00377449-00377691 those security reporters who report the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01267-00377692-00377949 most serious problems most of them found
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01268-00377950-00378198 the problem with fuzzing usually their
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01269-00378199-00378522 own fuzzing or applied version of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01270-00378523-00378804 fuzzing using different different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01271-00378805-00379203 technologies fixing the problems that's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01272-00379204-00379473 usually very straight forward still so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01273-00379474-00379857 whatever people say it is actually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01274-00379858-00380064 finding the problem and getting a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01275-00380065-00380253 reproducible thing that actually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01276-00380254-00380628 identifies the culprit that's sort of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01277-00380629-00380862 what we put on the on the burden of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01278-00380863-00381159 security researchers and also reported
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01279-00381160-00381420 problems that's where they the heavy
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01280-00381421-00381696 labor here is when once they've found
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01281-00381697-00381954 out and reported and so we can trigger
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01282-00381955-00382233 this bug like the this then fixing the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01283-00382234-00382559 problem is often times
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01284-00382560-00383036 not hard at all and as I said before we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01285-00383037-00383270 are going to raise the bounties where we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01286-00383271-00383366 have already had that discussion
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01287-00383367-00383534 internally in the current security team
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01288-00383535-00383768 and we're going to do it more even more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01289-00383769-00384176 so so even if even if people continue to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01290-00384177-00384503 report low I mean low graded low
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01291-00384504-00384767 security risk security problems we are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01292-00384768-00385040 going to race the boundaries more and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01293-00385041-00385175 we're going to pay off more money than
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01294-00385176-00385340 we did in the past so if you find
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01295-00385341-00385706 security problems assume that then the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01296-00385707-00385958 average bounty will go up
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01297-00385959-00386702 over the coming years okay so how do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01298-00386703-00387077 users perceive our project it is hard to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01299-00387078-00387755 assess or understand the outside world's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01300-00387756-00388163 view of our project right maybe because
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01301-00388164-00388376 we're so entrenched and particularly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01302-00388377-00388583 myself of course I work with Carl all
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01303-00388584-00388787 day I have my work with curl all night
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01304-00388788-00389102 that I'm sort of I'm very deep into my
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01305-00389103-00389546 own perception of what it is so we do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01306-00389547-00389822 this annual user survey and it struck me
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01307-00389823-00390122 this year that we do them typically in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01308-00390123-00390374 the main May time period which is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01309-00390375-00390832 actually just after the curl up
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01310-00390833-00391112 conferences usually so maybe next year I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01311-00391113-00391265 will try to do it in the other way
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01312-00391266-00391502 around and do the annual user survey
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01313-00391503-00391727 before curl up to get feedback from the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01314-00391728-00392093 survey into the curl up conferences but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01315-00392094-00392297 of course this year the curl up is a bit
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01316-00392298-00392471 screwed up anyway so I'm not sure that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01317-00392472-00392651 it matters this year but we do the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01318-00392652-00392909 annual user survey every year we did it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01319-00392910-00393236 last year in 2019 we ask a lot of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01320-00393237-00393461 questions about the project in general
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01321-00393462-00393875 it's really really hard to ask questions
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01322-00393876-00394145 it hard to interpret the answers but we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01323-00394146-00394439 get a lot of information so I'm going to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01324-00394440-00394766 do it again in 2020 in in the mid May
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01325-00394767-00395240 time frame so if you if you have ideas
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01326-00395241-00395507 of what to ask about and how to help us
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01327-00395508-00395783 get users tell us what's good and bad
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01328-00395784-00395876 let
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01329-00395877-00396248 now otherwise we will mostly rerun the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01330-00396249-00396464 same one from the previous years also
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01331-00396465-00396653 making sure that we ask about roughly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01332-00396654-00396800 the same things making sure that we can
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01333-00396801-00397031 compare year to year and maybe that is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01334-00397032-00397214 the best part of these annual surveys
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01335-00397215-00397367 that we can actually compare how we got
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01336-00397368-00397604 the answers from the years before and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01337-00397605-00397739 see if we're going up and down in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01338-00397740-00398174 various questions we got seven hundred
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01339-00398175-00398345 thirty two responses last year hopefully
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01340-00398346-00398591 we will be at least that this year so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01341-00398592-00398846 because I think there's some truth in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01342-00398847-00399083 the numbers a week at least reach out to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01343-00399084-00399287 a lot of different users even of course
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01344-00399288-00399629 it is hard to reach out to really really
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01345-00399630-00399845 wide variety of users because it's still
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01346-00399846-00400085 a limited kind of user that will respond
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01347-00400086-00400322 to something like this and here's the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01348-00400323-00401018 URL to last year's analysis as a PDF now
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01349-00401019-00401180 what we can learn from that some of that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01350-00401181-00401441 of course has been fed into the project
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01351-00401442-00401708 that has an is nowadays sort of what we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01352-00401709-00401937 did this year is at least partially
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01353-00401938-00402149 influenced by the answers we've gotten
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01354-00402150-00402464 to the use a survey not only 2019 but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01355-00402465-00402853 previous years as well so what do you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01356-00402854-00403106 thought about asking the users and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01357-00403107-00403397 getting users feedback and one way to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01358-00403398-00403868 see user activity at least is how many
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01359-00403869-00404027 people are actually visiting the current
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01360-00404028-00404374 website how many are using the website I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01361-00404375-00404972 don't know we were leaning heavily on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01362-00404973-00405239 fastly these days since a few years back
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01363-00405240-00405527 they they received an they host our
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01364-00405528-00405776 website or the front it really so they
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01365-00405777-00406079 run there we are behind their CDN
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01366-00406080-00406409 services but using there's statistics I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01367-00406410-00406679 can see that we nowadays the last within
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01368-00406680-00407039 the last 12 months with they have served
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01369-00407040-00407351 2.1 million requests per day from our
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01370-00407352-00407654 website which is more than the 1.5
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01371-00407655-00407819 million we did the previous twelve month
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01372-00407820-00408062 period which is an insane number of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01373-00408063-00408287 requests i think so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01374-00408288-00408860 we served 53 terabytes of data which is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01375-00408861-00409194 a up 27% from the previous
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01376-00409195-00409430 twelve months period and you can see
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01377-00409431-00409701 here that I'm really vague in what this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01378-00409702-00409874 means because this is all the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01379-00409875-00410049 information I have I don't know how many
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01380-00410050-00410220 people have downloaded I don't know the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01381-00410221-00410376 number of visitors I don't know how many
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01382-00410377-00410653 times people have downloaded curl and I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01383-00410654-00411380 don't care either really but but these
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01384-00411381-00411557 are sort of these are these are just
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01385-00411558-00411876 they just accumulated summed up
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01386-00411877-00412253 information over you know all the front
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01387-00412254-00412566 and CBN's servers that fastly runs for
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01388-00412567-00412985 us or how's our site for us with so at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01389-00412987-00413097 least we can see that there's a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01390-00413097-00413391 significant increased in traffic over
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01391-00413392-00413747 the year I don't see in a particular
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01392-00413748-00414030 reason other than there's more users or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01393-00414031-00414257 more download more traffic on the site
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01394-00414258-00414438 because we haven't increased the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01395-00414439-00414743 Downloads package size or anything like
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01396-00414744-00415184 that in any notable way at least so more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01397-00415185-00415799 more users are hammering the site of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01398-00415800-00416241 course fastly makes the website fast and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01399-00416242-00416457 close to most users since they have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01400-00416458-00416637 their service distributed all over the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01401-00416638-00416964 world so it's much better than when the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01402-00416964-00417149 entire world came to my little server
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01403-00417150-00417318 here in Stockholm because it was fast
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01404-00417318-00417513 for us in in northern Europe but it was
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01405-00417514-00417759 really slow for users elsewhere in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01406-00417760-00417980 world this way is faster for more people
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01407-00417981-00418299 and we have no logs we have no tracking
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01408-00418300-00418526 and as I said we don't have much stats
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01409-00418527-00418874 on you know downloads and usage and in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01410-00418875-00419232 general it's rarely a problem so it is a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01411-00419233-00419487 very good privacy boost however so that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01412-00419488-00419634 we don't track we don't know anything
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01413-00419635-00419912 about users of the site and that's also
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01414-00419913-00420174 at least partly reason why we don't run
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01415-00420175-00420384 any ads on the site so we don't we don't
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01416-00420385-00420641 know we don't track we don't care we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01417-00420642-00420870 provide information as much as possible
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01418-00420871-00421283 and of course downloads
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01419-00421284-00421632 and yeah they're awesome they're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01420-00421633-00421872 sponsoring us with this for free so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01421-00421872-00422085 they're really they're good friends of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01422-00422085-00422412 the project we like fastly thank you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01423-00422413-00422934 first day how is the I think the Google
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01424-00422935-00423183 Trends is a fun thing to just measure
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01425-00423184-00423485 how curl then fares compared to others
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01426-00423487-00423831 so if you check curl and it actually has
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01427-00423832-00424038 curl as a software project and you can
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01428-00424039-00424385 compare it with W get or and OpenSSL for
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01429-00424387-00424578 example I as I did here as and they're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01430-00424579-00424820 also counted as software projects I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01431-00424821-00425064 don't know exactly how Google know this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01432-00425064-00425397 but at least it it says so and I can use
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01433-00425397-00425703 this as a comparison so I can see sort
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01434-00425704-00425937 of what people are googling for over
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01435-00425938-00426201 time and as you can see here's I limited
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01436-00426202-00426693 this to the five-year recent five years
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01437-00426693-00426900 so it's you can see the leftmost part of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01438-00426901-00427125 the graph is the May 3rd it says 2015
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01439-00427126-00427320 and it's the right part has to be
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01440-00427321-00427566 somewhere and then right now then 2020
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01441-00427567-00427902 and of course curl is at least beating
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01442-00427903-00428178 the other projects by four in in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01443-00428179-00428360 popularity and I'm not actually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01444-00428362-00428520 comparing much to the other I just want
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01445-00428521-00428768 to have some reference how they fare and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01446-00428770-00428972 how how they are in the Google Trends
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01447-00428973-00429197 and I'm more interested in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01448-00429198-00429381 development of the graph and you can see
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01449-00429382-00429593 that it it it is increasing slowly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01450-00429595-00429954 already it was below 75 whatever 75
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01451-00429955-00430182 means but it was actually below it here
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01452-00430183-00430407 in 2015 and has been slightly over and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01453-00430408-00430739 yeah so it's I would say that it's at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01454-00430741-00431034 least gone up a little bit at least in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01455-00431035-00431583 2015 may be fairly stable since 2017 and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01456-00431584-00431892 no significant race and no significant
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01457-00431893-00432143 drop at least so I don't know at least
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01458-00432145-00432375 that's some sort of signal that we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01459-00432376-00432708 maintaining some sort of popularity or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01460-00432709-00433155 or people are aware of us at least to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01461-00433156-00433439 the same amount roughly as before
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01462-00433441-00433668 I like these drops and in the graphs you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01463-00433668-00433995 secure one two three four five the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01464-00433996-00434264 significant drops in the Google Trends
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01465-00434266-00434493 it turns out that these are around
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01466-00434493-00434589 Christmas
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01467-00434589-00434850 time and they actually drop in all these
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01468-00434851-00435147 projects so all three projects we all
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01469-00435147-00435426 drop significantly significantly during
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01470-00435427-00435633 Christmas and for some reason and we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01471-00435634-00435793 drop much more than the others so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01472-00435794-00436074 apparently you don't search for curl
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01473-00436075-00436599 during Christmas who knew now we know I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01474-00436600-00436734 don't know what to do with that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01475-00436735-00437262 knowledge but still I I just wanted to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01476-00437263-00437618 keep this slide from last year we are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01477-00437619-00437900 still a hundred percent passing in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01478-00437901-00438225 CII projects best practices that's the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01479-00438226-00438539 core infrastructure initiative which
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01480-00438540-00438822 basically has a bunch of requirements
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01481-00438822-00439056 the best practices for open source
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01482-00439057-00439514 projects I have a registered curler and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01483-00439515-00439718 I have filled in all the answers for a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01484-00439719-00440025 curl and we're 100% passing that we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01485-00440026-00440208 following the best practices for open
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01486-00440209-00440418 source projects we're not at the Silver
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01487-00440418-00440760 level because of the reason that is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01488-00440760-00441093 accorded here we can't we can't really
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01489-00441093-00441395 can't achieve silver level here without
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01490-00441396-00441647 having a legal mechanism we're all
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01491-00441648-00441845 developers of non-trivial amounts of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01492-00441846-00442016 project software assert that they are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01493-00442017-00442158 legally authorized to make these
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01494-00442159-00442455 contributions and I have no intentions
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01495-00442456-00442716 of creating such a legal mechanism
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01496-00442717-00443175 either so basically we're stuck on 96%
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01497-00443176-00443443 unless they change their their
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01498-00443444-00443679 requirements and I it doesn't really
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01499-00443680-00443847 matter it's fine with me we can be a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01500-00443847-00444108 hundred percent and 90 points 96 percent
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01501-00444109-00444510 silver and the gold level with 26% of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01502-00444510-00444675 the gold level and 20 in gold level is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01503-00444676-00444906 so much more for a really big corporate
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01504-00444907-00445118 open source project so that's even more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01505-00445119-00445545 of these loftier things in an open
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01506-00445546-00445788 source project so I don't think we'll go
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01507-00445789-00446001 any further there there either but I'm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01508-00446002-00446510 I'm content with this so unless everyone
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01509-00446512-00446901 else is the feeling this is a problem we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01510-00446902-00447156 I think I'll leave it to this if someone
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01511-00447157-00447387 has an issue with this we can discuss it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01512-00447388-00447675 and see what we can do with it going
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01513-00447676-00447960 forward and this this is this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01514-00447960-00448131 slide at last year everyone is still
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01515-00448132-00448320 using curl actually so we have we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01516-00448321-00448743 part of a lot of the really big volume
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01517-00448743-00449130 applications on thumbs we're in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01518-00449131-00449327 basically all the operating systems
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01519-00449328-00449859 nowadays we're in majority of all modern
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01520-00449860-00450159 cars we're in game consoles some of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01521-00450160-00450347 really high volume game consoles we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01522-00450348-00450579 in some we're certainly used by some of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01523-00450580-00450935 the really high volume games on both on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01524-00450935-00451374 game consoles on Windows machines - so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01525-00451375-00451587 we're estimating somewhere around 10
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01526-00451588-00451889 billion installations these days that's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01527-00451890-00452301 an insane amount of installations and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01528-00452302-00452543 the number is mind-boggling and it also
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01529-00452544-00453170 has this interesting sort of other
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01530-00453171-00453525 effect right so have have we saturated
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01531-00453526-00453681 the market can we can we reach it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01532-00453682-00453860 further how how many more installations
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01533-00453861-00454164 can we actually have or or have have we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01534-00454164-00454350 really picked have we flatlined the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01535-00454351-00454605 number of installations but I'm not sure
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01536-00454606-00454809 it matters because we still need to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01537-00454810-00454980 improve curl and a lot of these
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01538-00454981-00455133 installations will of course appreciate
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01539-00455134-00455414 a better curl next year or the year
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01540-00455415-00455628 after so even if they've already used
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01541-00455629-00455802 curl I'm sure that a lot of these will
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01542-00455803-00456110 use and will appreciate a better curl
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01543-00456111-00456368 with more features and making and we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01544-00456369-00456528 still need to make sure that curl keeps
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01545-00456529-00456807 up with developments and you know
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01546-00456808-00456966 internet transfer developments from
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01547-00456967-00457376 going forward ok so house how about
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01548-00457377-00457697 which is here's a new section I didn't
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01549-00457698-00457943 have last year and I haven't had any I'm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01550-00457944-00458157 a previous state of curl presentation
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01551-00458158-00458347 just money in the project and I think
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01552-00458348-00458870 it's it's it's worthy of a little
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01553-00458871-00459062 section and mention here money in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01554-00459063-00459545 curl project so we have I'm going to let
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01555-00459546-00459666 me run through a little bit of our
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01556-00459667-00459909 finances and under sponsors in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01557-00459910-00460166 project because it might be interesting
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01558-00460167-00460680 we of course we need money but curly is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01559-00460681-00460808 not a legal entity current actually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01560-00460809-00461166 doesn't exist as anything Curly's is a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01561-00461167-00461322 group of people on the internet right
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01562-00461322-00461529 and we haven't we gather on your name we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01563-00461530-00461747 produce stuff that we call curl but it's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01564-00461748-00461913 not illegal we haven't registered it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01565-00461914-00462081 anywhere we don't even have our own
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01566-00462082-00462324 domain name because we use the curler
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01567-00462325-00462480 hacks that I see so it's under the hacks
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01568-00462481-00463235 domain the website um and actually I've
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01569-00463235-00463551 actually over the years tried to get
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01570-00463552-00463922 various curl domains but they've all
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01571-00463923-00464124 been taken since the very long time Zach
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01572-00464125-00464318 Earll dot-com curl of net Corolla org
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01573-00464320-00464664 they're all bought and used since
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01574-00464664-00464943 forever so I've sort of given up even
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01575-00464943-00465357 curl dot SC is used so I didn't care
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01576-00465358-00465552 about it early on in the early days and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01577-00465553-00465771 I guess I will never have the man way it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01578-00465772-00465918 doesn't matter curl is not a legal
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01579-00465918-00466064 entity so it's not a company it's not an
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01580-00466066-00466224 organization is not human it's not
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01581-00466225-00466401 nothing you can't really hold onto money
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01582-00466402-00466668 because it's nothing it can't hold on so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01583-00466668-00467135 we we are happy customers and users and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01584-00467137-00467355 believers in open collective and color
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01585-00467356-00467568 open collective is us nonprofit they
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01586-00467568-00467820 hold onto our funds so when we get money
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01587-00467821-00468102 to the project we actually get them to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01588-00468103-00468285 open collective and then they hold onto
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01589-00468285-00468492 our money for us so we can spend money
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01590-00468493-00468792 and and Riaan getting reimbursements
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01591-00468793-00469158 from open collective and I as a human
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01592-00469159-00469404 being I'm here working with Carl and I'm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01593-00469405-00469596 employed by wolf as a cell and this is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01594-00469597-00469872 so I just wanted full transparency here
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01595-00469872-00470142 and of course I when working for wolf
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01596-00470143-00470478 SSL we offer I offer commercial cursor
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01597-00470479-00470763 curl services and I'll get back to sort
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01598-00470764-00471225 of what that means for everyone still
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01599-00471226-00471564 that's how it works so we have finances
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01600-00471564-00471905 we have sponsors and I work for both SSL
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01601-00471906-00472368 so curl is not a legal entity we can
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01602-00472368-00472506 hold onto money but we still have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01603-00472507-00472755 expenses so we have a bunch of fun and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01604-00472756-00473039 good expense sponsors that swallow and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01605-00473041-00473379 take our expenses so we have since the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01606-00473380-00473568 beginning of time hacks
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01607-00473568-00473897 as I said the domain curl to tax that I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01608-00473898-00474138 say it's the hacks IC domain is owned by
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01609-00474139-00474320 hacks hacks it's a company I'm a part
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01610-00474321-00474551 owner hacks me a few friends
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01611-00474552-00474839 haxe owns and runs the main server that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01612-00474839-00475142 we run the curl side on the mailing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01613-00475143-00475295 lists and a bunch of other services
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01614-00475296-00475895 around curl so basically hacks is taking
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01615-00475896-00476246 the cost for the main server isn't a lot
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01616-00476247-00476537 of admin stuff we as I mentioned before
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01617-00476538-00476858 fastly takes a lot of bandwidth of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01618-00476859-00477032 main server so they really they take a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01619-00477033-00477392 lot of hits and makes makes the website
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01620-00477393-00477797 a good experience for the world and we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01621-00477797-00478316 have a CI service is taking the expenses
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01622-00478317-00478647 for four CI costs to team you word
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01623-00478649-00478772 sponsors
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01624-00478772-00479042 CI services on a fire and Travis and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01625-00479043-00479560 Azure pipelines both have bumped up the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01626-00479562-00480167 our CIL and sort of usage tier for us
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01627-00480168-00480443 for free so these companies make sure
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01628-00480443-00480578 that we don't have to pay for these
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01629-00480579-00480758 services so we get the service it's in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01630-00480759-00480905 the project without having to pay them
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01631-00480906-00481160 because these companies do we have a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01632-00481160-00481489 gold sponsor elastic that that is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01633-00481489-00481925 sponsoring us with 500 USD per month for
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01634-00481926-00482228 four expenses we have a bunch of silver
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01635-00482229-00482543 sponsors they pay 100 USD per month to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01636-00482543-00482756 the project for expenses and here you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01637-00482757-00482914 can see there are a bunch of smaller
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01638-00482916-00483554 companies may be unknown to you and I'm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01639-00483555-00483704 not gonna mention all of them right now
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01640-00483705-00483922 but these are all smaller companies and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01641-00483924-00484189 they they help out of course especially
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01642-00484189-00484517 accumulated because it gets quite a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01643-00484518-00484706 large amount of money
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01644-00484707-00484922 taken together and some of these are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01645-00484922-00485237 short term sponsors so maybe next year
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01646-00485238-00485539 they won't be the same ones because not
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01647-00485541-00485764 all of them are are able to maintain a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01648-00485766-00486074 sponsorship over that long term but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01649-00486075-00486308 awesome companies so all of these
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01650-00486309-00486479 companies you see here they're good
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01651-00486480-00486626 companies they're friends of the project
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01652-00486627-00487132 we love them and I wanted to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01653-00487133-00487409 specifically highlight a few other major
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01654-00487410-00487691 single shot donors in the last year and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01655-00487692-00487922 they're its major because they
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01656-00487922-00488282 donated sizable chunks of money during
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01657-00488283-00488660 this time period and I'm doing it as a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01658-00488660-00488872 sort of a short list and topless because
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01659-00488874-00489224 at number four you fizzy I don't know
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01660-00489225-00489535 how they pronounce this is it fizzy or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01661-00489537-00489779 you fizzy I don't know you visit cloud
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01662-00489780-00490070 donated 1300 USD just like that in one
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01663-00490071-00490318 single chunk a lot of money thank you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01664-00490320-00490802 Comcast uses curl in a some kind of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01665-00490803-00491051 product I think it's a router or gateway
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01666-00491052-00491299 somehow that they they have some sort of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01667-00491300-00491729 network speed feature in the gateway is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01668-00491730-00491903 that what they told me when they donated
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01669-00491904-00492314 five thousand USD to the project awesome
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01670-00492314-00492713 indeed has a internal open source
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01671-00492714-00493013 project as open source fund thing within
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01672-00493014-00493285 the company where they fund open source
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01673-00493287-00493451 project they use within the company so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01674-00493452-00493808 they actually have they hand out 10k USD
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01675-00493809-00493958 every month to different projects that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01676-00493959-00494156 they use within within the company which
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01677-00494157-00494462 is an awesome thing to do right and one
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01678-00494463-00494822 month was it December 2019 in that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01679-00494822-00495034 timeframe at least they this they
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01680-00495035-00495338 nominated and selected curl to be the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01681-00495339-00495659 recipient recipient of this that month's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01682-00495660-00496135 fund and we got 10k from them lovely and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01683-00496135-00496529 to top it off and the number one major
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01684-00496530-00496799 single shot donor in this period back
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01685-00496800-00497054 place gave us fifteen thousand six
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01686-00497055-00497585 hundred USD in one go while ago back
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01687-00497585-00497846 place of course being a company they do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01688-00497847-00498347 you off I mean they do backups you know
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01689-00498347-00498589 over the network backups remotely on on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01690-00498591-00498863 in in the cloud and they use curl within
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01691-00498864-00499334 their product and so they I think he's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01692-00499335-00499589 mentioned he donated 100 USD for every
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01693-00499589-00499901 month they used curls successfully in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01694-00499902-00500114 their product and that ended up one
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01695-00500114-00500303 hundred fifty six months I I don't
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01696-00500304-00500432 remember exactly but I think was like
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01697-00500433-00500951 that so lots of money again awesome
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01698-00500952-00501172 companies here thank you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01699-00501172-00501574 and of course we get a lot of getting
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01700-00501575-00501751 money to open collective like this is a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01701-00501752-00501955 very convenient and easy way for us to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01702-00501956-00502192 do it so it's easy for smaller donors
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01703-00502193-00502363 you can do single shot you know you can
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01704-00502364-00502633 donate any amount down to direct $1.00
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01705-00502634-00502924 if you need to want to and so as you can
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01706-00502925-00503230 see here 189 individuals and 85
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01707-00503231-00503620 organizations have contributed I think
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01708-00503621-00504060 this is all all-time contributors so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01709-00504062-00504241 it's actually slightly longer than just
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01710-00504242-00504766 the last year still a huge amount of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01711-00504767-00505066 people and a lot of money at the balance
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01712-00505067-00505366 as of April 28 which is then happens to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01713-00505367-00505618 be two days ago since this is April 30
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01714-00505618-00506056 when I recorded 54 thousand USD a lot of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01715-00506057-00506343 money in the project hold on to us held
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01716-00506345-00506713 on to us by open collective so what do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01717-00506714-00506920 we do we have expenses then without
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01718-00506921-00507160 direct sponsors which is expenses that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01719-00507160-00507349 we have to take care of as a project
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01720-00507350-00507642 instead so we do the back boundary and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01721-00507643-00507916 again it started carefully we will
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01722-00507917-00508143 increase the amounts we've had handed
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01723-00508145-00508485 out 1,400 USD so far as certificates as
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01724-00508487-00508747 you saw just in my slides before we have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01725-00508747-00509032 54 K we've handed out one point four K
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01726-00509033-00509310 we can significantly increase these
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01727-00509312-00509599 amounts significantly without risking
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01728-00509600-00509935 our finances and I think we by doing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01729-00509935-00510103 that we will also benefit all the users
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01730-00510104-00510364 because I hope that by doing that we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01731-00510364-00510601 will encourage more users to search for
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01732-00510602-00510781 security problems and we will get a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01733-00510782-00511234 better product we introduced a sponsor
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01734-00511235-00511456 sponsor travel lodgings to curl up this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01735-00511457-00511675 year 2020 which is ironic because this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01736-00511676-00511921 of course is the year we don't do curl
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01737-00511922-00512170 up in person at least so nobody will
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01738-00512171-00512575 travel so we won't sponsor anyone with
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01739-00512576-00512722 travel and lodging but we will certainly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01740-00512722-00512980 keep this program and possibly bump it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01741-00512981-00513160 up even more next year so that we make
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01742-00513160-00513339 sure that we get more people together to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01743-00513341-00513520 discuss current stuff because I think
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01744-00513521-00513835 that's important I think we as a project
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01745-00513835-00514280 grow and develop at these events
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01746-00514281-00514572 and of course we do things like
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01747-00514574-00514805 merchandise and marketing for things so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01748-00514806-00515072 more stickers and more sending out stuff
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01749-00515072-00515384 to people in the world yeah getting that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01750-00515385-00515666 funded is also cool and it helps us you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01751-00515667-00515900 know be popular at and reach out and be
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01752-00515901-00516095 there among people and I'm always
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01753-00516096-00516289 interesting though so now we have money
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01754-00516291-00516542 we have finances to actually sponsor
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01755-00516543-00516749 things pay for things so if you have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01756-00516750-00516956 ideas of what to do in the career
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01757-00516957-00517121 project then maybe it costs money maybe
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01758-00517122-00517283 you have an idea that we should do and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01759-00517284-00517514 yeah we can actually spend money on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01760-00517514-00517760 things right because we have money we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01761-00517760-00517993 not afraid to spend it but we it has to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01762-00517995-00518162 be for the benefit of the project and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01763-00518163-00518710 for the users of our products okay I'm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01764-00518712-00519041 getting long I'm at 126 right so let's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01765-00519042-00519275 hurry up what have we done then during
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01766-00519276-00519524 the last 12 months I've showed you with
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01767-00519525-00519677 a lot of rafts and a lot of activity
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01768-00519678-00519835 things that we've been doing you know we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01769-00519837-00520025 have added code we've done commits we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01770-00520026-00520285 posted emails we've posted issues with
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01771-00520287-00520616 fixed podcast and we've done a lot we've
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01772-00520617-00520967 fixed around 850 big bugs we've done 25
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01773-00520968-00521150 changes that we've mentioned at least
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01774-00521151-00521576 and we fixed three CVS some of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01775-00521577-00521764 things we've removed in the project so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01776-00521766-00521972 they were we've introduced this product
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01777-00521972-00522320 of deprecating things and during this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01778-00522321-00522545 last year we'll actually remove things
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01779-00522546-00522854 that we've gradually removed or marked
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01780-00522855-00523210 as deprecated sort of and we removed the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01781-00523212-00523556 global cache the global dns cache we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01782-00523557-00523799 have removed the HTTP pipelining support
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01783-00523800-00524282 and we removed support for polar SSL all
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01784-00524283-00524456 of these have been individually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01785-00524457-00524636 motivated elsewhere so I'm not going to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01786-00524637-00525005 repeat that we have added a bunch of new
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01787-00525006-00525229 Lib corruptions make sure that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01788-00525230-00525485 connections survive in the connection
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01789-00525486-00525833 pool for just a limited time you can
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01790-00525834-00526121 extract a retry after value from our web
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01791-00526122-00526325 applications retry after being an HP
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01792-00526326-00526802 header we can use the O's the ID in in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01793-00526803-00527021 SAS lost allocation within the email
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01794-00527022-00527297 protocols we can limit the maximum
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01795-00527298-00527558 number of concurrent streams in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01796-00527559-00527883 protocols like Asia PT in and hopefully
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01797-00527884-00528308 in the coming it'd be three we can allow
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01798-00528309-00528662 recipients to fail when you when we send
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01799-00528663-00528935 emails to many recipients one if one of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01800-00528936-00529299 them fails that is not a fatal error
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01801-00529300-00529770 anymore if you ask 3d like that and you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01802-00529771-00530162 can make sure the curl open well the TLS
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01803-00530163-00530627 back-end like open SSL can will refuse
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01804-00530628-00530881 refuse to accept the partial chain as a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01805-00530882-00531125 correct one when verifying certificates
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01806-00531126-00531320 it's actually reverting back to the old
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01807-00531321-00531485 behavior because we modified that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01808-00531486-00531822 behavior over the year and we've done
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01809-00531823-00532085 new things in Kroll this is just what we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01810-00532086-00532308 did the last twelve months we added hp3
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01811-00532309-00532689 support with two backends we've added a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01812-00532690-00532895 new function called curl multipole which
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01813-00532896-00532958 weights
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01814-00532959-00533175 a little more than the previous curl
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01815-00533176-00533387 multi weight but it's very similar you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01816-00533388-00533525 should read the man pages to figure out
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01817-00533526-00533724 the differences but we also had
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01818-00533725-00533883 introduced the current multi wake up
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01819-00533884-00534185 which which can wake up a multi pull
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01820-00534186-00534618 function from another thread rather than
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01821-00534619-00534927 you TLS back-end so before the little
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01822-00534928-00535091 graph showing him anybody support but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01823-00535092-00535385 yeah whereas L is one of the new ones we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01824-00535386-00535635 added a new SSH back-end as the number
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01825-00535636-00535910 three among the ssh backends so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01826-00535911-00536262 certainly much fewer than TLS backends
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01827-00536263-00536460 but there are also much fewer ssh
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01828-00536461-00536841 backends back and libraries to pick from
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01829-00536842-00537152 the ssh the water's edge back-end is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01830-00537153-00537468 only for SFTP so far and it's I haven't
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01831-00537469-00537708 actually completed everything in that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01832-00537709-00538043 but it's there and it works for for some
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01833-00538044-00538506 some of the operations I've done it an
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01834-00538507-00538749 extra effort with it I call tiny curl
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01835-00538750-00538922 which is an effort to make sure that we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01836-00538923-00539127 can provide a smaller curl to those who
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01837-00539128-00539474 need smaller a smaller footprint curl on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01838-00539475-00539714 smaller operating systems typically
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01839-00539715-00539925 real-time operating systems where Linux
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01840-00539926-00540125 is too big and it's going to be like
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01841-00540126-00540293 going to work more on tiny curl going
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01842-00540294-00540516 for we will landed MQTT support very
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01843-00540517-00540729 recently as a new protocol in the number
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01844-00540730-00540920 25
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01845-00540921-00541170 we've improved a lot of things in curl
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01846-00541171-00541561 we can now parse you URLs within with an
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01847-00541562-00541722 empty Authority or host part which
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01848-00541723-00542041 basically is useful when you want to use
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01849-00542042-00542277 to get a curl your L parser to parse
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01850-00542278-00542818 other URL scheme schemes than what we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01851-00542819-00543088 support and and some of them have no
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01852-00543089-00543262 authority part so now you can say hey I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01853-00543263-00543514 want to parse another scheme that you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01854-00543515-00543709 don't know about and you should allow it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01855-00543710-00544258 to not have an authority we can now get
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01856-00544259-00544795 the transfer the the transfer info
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01857-00544796-00544972 function so that that's a progress
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01858-00544973-00545236 callback and you can actually return the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01859-00545237-00545445 continued value there so you can
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01860-00545446-00545677 actually use both the internal callback
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01861-00545678-00546001 output and having the intern so you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01862-00546002-00546157 don't get both spots you get your own
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01863-00546158-00546397 callback and the internal behaviour at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01864-00546398-00546772 the same time we've fixed the Sox
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01865-00546773-00546910 connections to become totally
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01866-00546911-00547201 non-blocking it's a big improvement for
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01867-00547202-00547420 people who are using socks proxies with
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01868-00547421-00547735 the multi interface we've added and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01869-00547736-00547870 changed things in the command line to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01870-00547871-00548179 we'd added introduced parallel transfers
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01871-00548180-00548476 with the capital Z this is a big change
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01872-00548477-00548812 for the command line tool that's it and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01873-00548813-00549133 also got these two additional command
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01874-00549134-00549270 options to make sure that we can
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01875-00549271-00549502 actually feel with their parallel
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01876-00549503-00549760 transfers we added a new options to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01877-00549761-00549818 death
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01878-00549819-00550087 similar to - S which is silent which
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01879-00550088-00550252 also switches off the progress meter is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01880-00550253-00550468 that the Dodger switch is off more did
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01881-00550469-00550618 problems no problems mean they're only
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01882-00550619-00550807 switches off the progress meter we added
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01883-00550808-00551059 etags options and the same thing for to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01884-00551060-00551179 the command line to the dimension
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01885-00551180-00551449 Philippe curl allow recipients to fail
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01886-00551450-00551731 and we added JSON support in the write
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01887-00551732-00551881 out option so you can actually get a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01888-00551882-00552181 JSON object output of metadata after a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01889-00552182-00552430 transfer the test suite is now better in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01890-00552431-00552739 Windows we got a new our own private
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01891-00552740-00553051 sucks server or I mean written ourselves
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01892-00553052-00553312 to make it easier and barrel makes it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01893-00553313-00553576 easier to write better tests and verify
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01894-00553577-00553924 things so the Sox support got better and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01895-00553925-00554101 the Sox tests are much better
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01896-00554102-00554224 we're switching over to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01897-00554225-00554425 the dynamic server ports instead of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01898-00554426-00554599 using fixed ports in test suite it's not
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01899-00554600-00554794 completed but we're gradually switching
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01900-00554795-00554944 over more and more of the service that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01901-00554945-00555220 way the test cases are now pre-processed
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01902-00555221-00555433 as a as a result of the dynamic server
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01903-00555434-00555751 ports so that we can all the different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01904-00555752-00555943 test servers can now use the different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01905-00555944-00556213 server ports and everything better with
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01906-00556214-00556396 these variables that we use in the test
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01907-00556397-00556942 cases we I did this fun thing which is a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01908-00556943-00557143 random skip for torture testing so that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01909-00557144-00557455 it enables us to do more torture testing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01910-00557456-00557677 in the CI I torture testing being you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01911-00557678-00557884 know introducing injecting failure
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01912-00557885-00558118 really in test cases so that we test
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01913-00558119-00558421 exit pass all over so that we never leak
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01914-00558422-00558670 memory wherever we return error and we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01915-00558671-00558889 don't ever crash because of returning an
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01916-00558890-00559093 error and this turned out to be really
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01917-00559094-00559318 nice now we can random skip to make sure
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01918-00559319-00559504 that we go through more test cases in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01919-00559505-00559876 this and in the CI jobs doing torture
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01920-00559877-00560122 testing it was a really it's a good
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01921-00560123-00560290 boost for torture testing and helped us
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01922-00560291-00560632 improve the quality of curl know to be
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01923-00560633-00560971 and we have we have done a lot more and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01924-00560972-00561127 better CI over the year as you saw the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01925-00561128-00561301 graphs before we've grown significantly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01926-00561302-00561550 over the last year and it's I think we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01927-00561551-00561769 have more to grow there too and we've
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01928-00561770-00562003 worked a lot of distributing the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01929-00562004-00562162 different CI jobs over the different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01930-00562163-00562405 services to make sure that we used them
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01931-00562406-00562834 better other news in the project last
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01932-00562835-00563239 year I've added bug report links on a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01933-00563240-00563509 much more much more places on the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01934-00563510-00563776 documentation sections so if you read a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01935-00563777-00564013 document in curl or documentation you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01936-00564014-00564384 can nowadays easily find often in most
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01937-00564385-00564619 sections of the web page you can find it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01938-00564620-00564823 in the upper right corner you can find a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01939-00564824-00565033 report bug on this particular doc and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01940-00565034-00565462 it'll take you to the github issues page
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01941-00565463-00565759 with the title important a filled in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01942-00565760-00565927 with the what kind of documentation
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01943-00565928-00566251 you're finally in the bag why in an
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01944-00566252-00566410 effort to make sure that users can now
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01945-00566411-00566734 submit bugs easier on one day you know I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01946-00566735-00566998 this doesn't look right I want to file a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01947-00566999-00567031 bug
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01948-00567032-00567287 oh here's the link I'll file a bug
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01949-00567288-00567680 I provided not provided a dashboard with
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01950-00567681-00567962 I think it's 28 different graphs showing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01951-00567963-00568142 activity in the project and a lot of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01952-00568143-00568349 graphs or the graphs you you've seen in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01953-00568350-00568550 this presentation today they generated
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01954-00568551-00568982 daily in the dashboard page and you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01955-00568983-00569084 should really check it out
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01956-00569085-00569416 they were created by the new code and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01957-00569417-00569750 put in the curl stats git repository so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01958-00569751-00569930 everything is there and in the public of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01959-00569931-00570143 course and you can reproduce all those
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01960-00570144-00570359 graphs yourself just to verify that I'm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01961-00570360-00570572 not hallucinating so basically all of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01962-00570573-00570701 these graphs are shown in this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01963-00570702-00570878 presentation you can reproduce yourself
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01964-00570879-00571142 with those scripts using the git
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01965-00571143-00571346 repository and other stuff that we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01966-00571347-00571574 all putting out in the public already
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01967-00571575-00572060 anyway so nothing there is secret right
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01968-00572061-00572321 so and I mentioned it many times already
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01969-00572322-00572537 we have the Packer one bug bounty that's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01970-00572538-00572816 new for this year and some other little
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01971-00572817-00573032 side news that the Google announced a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01972-00573033-00573194 competitor to curl they've called
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01973-00573195-00573533 Liebherr R which it was a funny name I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01974-00573534-00573785 think maybe or a stupid name the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01975-00573786-00573992 difference different opinion different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01976-00573993-00574283 opinions have been uttered anyway they
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01977-00574284-00574625 basically announced in June 2019 that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01978-00574626-00574847 they would do this library and it would
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01979-00574848-00575270 work like lib curl but use chromium as
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01980-00575271-00575615 the network sort of stack for it and it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01981-00575616-00575900 would be a way to test the network stack
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01982-00575901-00576073 the chromium network stack but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01983-00576074-00576365 subsequently they abandoned that so that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01984-00576366-00576545 project has been closed it was done by
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01985-00576546-00576751 an intern it didn't go anywhere so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01986-00576752-00577175 forget about it move on fun little thing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01987-00577176-00577430 mr. robot the TV show used curl in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01988-00577431-00577709 December 2019 and here's one screenshot
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01989-00577710-00577934 from that where we can see mr. robot
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01990-00577935-00578351 running weird live looking Python
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01991-00578352-00578816 program that invokes curve there's
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01992-00578817-00579029 another screenshot to I blogged about it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01993-00579030-00579563 you can find it right there intro slide
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01994-00579564-00579788 for this presentation is also it's using
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01995-00579789-00579934 another screenshot I took from that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01996-00579935-00580253 another episode observe season 4 episode
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01997-00580254-00580556 8 and season 4 episode 10 shows the both
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01998-00580557-00580718 show
+6iHYRQZvf1I-01999-00580719-00581004 okay so what's less good in the project
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02000-00581005-00581442 of course I'm not really the right
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02001-00581443-00581775 person to say was bad in the project or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02002-00581776-00582057 less good because I'm again I'm probably
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02003-00582058-00582258 the worst guy to ask about that because
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02004-00582259-00582591 I'm so deep into this but we still I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02005-00582592-00583074 mean these are actually the same labels
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02006-00583075-00583287 I used it last year when I went through
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02007-00583288-00583593 this in the state of curl 2019 so we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02008-00583594-00583869 still have flaky tests in CI I would say
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02009-00583870-00584055 they're mostly CI because they're mostly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02010-00584056-00584259 not as flaky when you run them locally
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02011-00584260-00584448 but we still suffer from this quite a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02012-00584449-00584823 lot so we rarely have commit or PR where
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02013-00584824-00585042 all the tests or the CIS actually go
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02014-00585043-00585339 green and usually most of the red ones
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02015-00585340-00585606 are just because of flaky tests on the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02016-00585607-00585810 sea ice and that's so annoying
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02017-00585811-00586274 it makes it makes it too easy to miss I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02018-00586275-00586527 mean a correct error or somewhere but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02019-00586528-00586722 you could oh they were flaky as usual
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02020-00586723-00586881 just skip them and that's you know
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02021-00586882-00587049 that's why we don't want warnings
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02022-00587050-00587253 instead of we get warning fatigue and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02023-00587254-00587526 you certainly get this red CI
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02024-00587527-00587991 job fatigue in our environment and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02025-00587992-00588216 that's bad and we and we need to keep
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02026-00588217-00588489 working on this I would say a test had
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02027-00588490-00588716 certainly improved I mean the slow CI
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02028-00588717-00588930 has certainly improved over the year
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02029-00588931-00589494 especially since we've spread out to to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02030-00589495-00589731 use a sharable and github more so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02031-00589732-00589953 they've taken over some of the Travis
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02032-00589954-00590160 jobs so we got the only number of Travis
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02033-00590161-00590352 jobs at the same time as Travis stepped
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02034-00590353-00590637 up our tears away now we now do much
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02035-00590638-00590988 better so we complete our 82 CR jobs
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02036-00590989-00591168 they are usually complete within a few
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02037-00591169-00591351 hours so that's certainly much better
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02038-00591352-00591720 than last year we're much better at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02039-00591721-00591882 number of our abilities that are being
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02040-00591883-00592056 reported as mentioned already several
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02041-00592057-00592332 times in my presentation here we still
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02042-00592333-00592671 get regressions as in having to do a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02043-00592672-00592932 quick follow-up release like we did 769
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02044-00592933-00593163 at one within seven days because of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02045-00593164-00593535 death not good we fix that by making
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02046-00593536-00593853 sure that we add more tests
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02047-00593854-00594184 I'm not sure where we've we're done or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02048-00594185-00594481 we succeeded yet but still and of course
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02049-00594482-00594616 we need more people who stick around
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02050-00594617-00594868 because usually this is what limits our
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02051-00594869-00595120 pace of development if more people are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02052-00595121-00595327 here more people develop we could do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02053-00595328-00595693 more things over the period of time I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02054-00595694-00595909 mean it's not a big problem because we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02055-00595910-00596161 will get there eventually anyway but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02056-00596162-00596488 still so everything currently still the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02057-00596489-00596671 book about everything Carl it hasn't
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02058-00596672-00596983 changed much during the last year it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02059-00596984-00597286 changed in that we upgraded sort of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02060-00597287-00597556 site were using it poke calm they
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02061-00597557-00597772 modified their back-end so we had to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02062-00597773-00597937 upgrade to their newer version of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02063-00597938-00598102 backend which meant that we lost the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02064-00598103-00598465 ebook versions of the book so there the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02065-00598466-00598657 book is only available as on the website
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02066-00598658-00599053 and as a PDF now unfortunately but still
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02067-00599054-00599284 a free service so I still appreciate it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02068-00599285-00599635 I just a to say that it's ninety-five
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02069-00599636-00599809 point three percent complete which means
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02070-00599810-00600082 that we have basically I have headlines
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02071-00600083-00600442 for for more content and if we add more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02072-00600443-00600751 kind and and the the presented the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02073-00600752-00600952 company teaches yes if we maintain the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02074-00600953-00601162 same number of words for those headlines
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02075-00601163-00601591 that's the that's sort of the level of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02076-00601592-00601816 completeness we're at now I'm sure that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02077-00601817-00602026 since it hasn't since we haven't I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02078-00602027-00602179 haven't written much in this book the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02079-00602180-00602521 last year we're missing out all of those
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02080-00602522-00602683 things are mentioned that we've added
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02081-00602684-00602893 during the last 12 months they're not
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02082-00602894-00603220 very well covered in the book so the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02083-00603221-00603406 complete last level should probably go
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02084-00603407-00603622 down and we should add more titles and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02085-00603623-00603772 subtitles for things that we've added
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02086-00603773-00603988 that we still haven't documented in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02087-00603989-00604276 book still it's there still it's pretty
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02088-00604277-00604324 good
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02089-00604325-00604543 I wanted to mention something about my
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02090-00604544-00604711 role in the project this year because I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02091-00604712-00605071 rarely actually speak about my myself in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02092-00605072-00605476 the project like this and I'm not Curl
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02093-00605477-00605689 Curl is not me but I do a lot of things
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02094-00605690-00606037 in Carl so I wanted to maybe say
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02095-00606038-00606232 something about what I do here and what
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02096-00606233-00606463 I'm put up wanting to you so I'm here
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02097-00606464-00606688 because I am having fun I like working
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02098-00606689-00606929 on Carl this is my
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02099-00606930-00607205 work and this is my hobby and I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02100-00607206-00607532 certainly appreciate and I really really
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02101-00607533-00607844 enjoy being able to do this full-time I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02102-00607845-00608132 work with curl I've created curl 22
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02103-00608133-00608339 years ago and now I do curl full-time is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02104-00608340-00608630 sort of a it's a little bit of a dream
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02105-00608631-00608813 coming true I'm living and living the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02106-00608814-00609242 dream sort of and I and I'm in it tend
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02107-00609243-00609485 to stick around in the project I'm not
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02108-00609486-00609710 going anywhere I'm still having a lot of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02109-00609711-00610028 fun and I've probably more fun as I've
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02110-00610029-00610232 ever had in the project so I'm not going
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02111-00610233-00610277 anywhere
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02112-00610278-00610487 and I intend to keep developing and push
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02113-00610488-00610685 forward in all those aspects that I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02114-00610686-00610994 think we should go and I want to keep
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02115-00610995-00611177 doing that but I also want to keep doing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02116-00611178-00611366 curl full-time which means that I work
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02117-00611367-00611561 for voice as a cell and I still and I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02118-00611562-00611804 need to make sure that I get get to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02119-00611805-00612029 continue that which is only possible if
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02120-00612030-00612220 I can keep charging companies for
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02121-00612221-00612539 support features help whatever and so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02122-00612540-00612895 I'm going to continue doing curl
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02123-00612896-00613175 commercially for customers and I'm going
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02124-00613176-00613499 to keep doing curl for myself and for
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02125-00613500-00613679 the community sort of all those
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02126-00613680-00614288 different things separately basically me
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02127-00614289-00614516 Carl ruefulness wolf as a cell we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02128-00614517-00614690 three different entities here in the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02129-00614691-00615017 same game working on Carl going forward
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02130-00615018-00615323 and I'm sure I'm sure that maybe at some
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02131-00615324-00615536 point I will mess up and sort of confuse
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02132-00615537-00615776 the different three different entities
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02133-00615777-00615965 here but I'm sure that you will tell me
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02134-00615966-00616214 someone will tell me if I'm misbehaving
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02135-00616215-00616703 so what I think I do in the curled
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02136-00616704-00617065 project not what anyone else actually
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02137-00617066-00617447 says I do or anyone else tell me to do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02138-00617448-00617639 because nobody actually tells me what to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02139-00617640-00617900 do in the curl project I do it because I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02140-00617901-00618260 want to and I think I serve a purpose
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02141-00618261-00618395 here an integral project because I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02142-00618396-00618641 started it and I I think I'm one of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02143-00618642-00618791 few people who actually still have this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02144-00618792-00619007 sort of vision where what curly isn't an
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02145-00619008-00619277 idea I'm not one of the still think so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02146-00619278-00619490 but eyes and I think that I'm one of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02147-00619491-00619922 ones who actually stick around and say
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02148-00619923-00620096 that I think curls should do this I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02149-00620097-00620285 think curls shouldn't do this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02150-00620286-00620486 is the way forward this is not the way
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02151-00620487-00620744 forward because of blah blah blah and I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02152-00620745-00620921 certainly do a lot of the curl
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02153-00620922-00621158 development had to do so all the commits
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02154-00621159-00621600 I do I still I do a lot of debugging so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02155-00621601-00621831 I develop things and I fix things
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02156-00621832-00622169 I'm sorry wrong order and I stick around
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02157-00622170-00622421 to support users of curl in different
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02158-00622422-00622643 ways and I certainly help users debug
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02159-00622644-00622908 their problems and get around issues and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02160-00622909-00623256 get forward and this is what I spend a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02161-00623257-00623450 lot of time doing those two things right
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02162-00623451-00623789 the two these two things and I of course
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02163-00623790-00623972 review a lot of code and suggestions so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02164-00623973-00624225 if you if you put a submit a pull
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02165-00624226-00624416 request chances are I will be there
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02166-00624417-00624716 within soon with comments and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02167-00624717-00624956 suggestions or or mature pull requests
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02168-00624957-00625217 when and everything looks fine and I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02169-00625218-00625517 think making sure that we can accept
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02170-00625518-00625710 more developers and sort of help more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02171-00625711-00625913 people get involved that's that's a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02172-00625914-00626106 primary goal with being here so make
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02173-00626107-00626294 sure that we get more developers in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02174-00626295-00626435 because more developers can do more
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02175-00626436-00626850 things and of course I am the brain
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02176-00626851-00627167 behind most of the architecture and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02177-00627168-00627354 design of things in curls so I'm here to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02178-00627355-00627788 help people I'm here to remind people
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02179-00627789-00627981 how it works and why it works like this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02180-00627982-00628160 and make sure that sort of guide people
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02181-00628161-00628325 to do the right thing going forward the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02182-00628326-00628533 way I think is right or get educated
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02183-00628534-00628745 what what the new ways of doing things
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02184-00628746-00628997 or modify things to how we should do it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02185-00628998-00629036 instead
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02186-00629037-00629213 and of course work a lot on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02187-00629214-00629460 documentation documentation on on how we
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02188-00629461-00629654 do things how the code works how
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02189-00629655-00629867 protocol works how curl work with those
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02190-00629868-00630027 protocols and everything so everything
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02191-00630028-00630258 is documented all the time if I get run
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02192-00630259-00630494 over by bus tomorrow everything is there
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02193-00630495-00630764 there's no secrets I don't do any magic
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02194-00630765-00630965 thing I don't have any particular you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02195-00630966-00631158 know treasure box or things on the side
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02196-00631159-00631460 that someone needs to know but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02197-00631461-00631613 everything is there and should be there
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02198-00631614-00631922 all the time I also think that I serve a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02199-00631923-00632175 pretty good purpose by providing
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02200-00632176-00632489 information since I do a lot of these
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02201-00632490-00632702 things on the left side so I infer
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02202-00632703-00632990 development that help users and document
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02203-00632991-00633209 stuff I know what's going on and I know
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02204-00633210-00633516 what we're working on so I'm trying to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02205-00633517-00633847 to do to inform everyone at least about
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02206-00633848-00634012 the bigger things what we're working on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02207-00634013-00634237 what I want to work on and sort of where
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02208-00634238-00634507 we're going in big protocol developments
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02209-00634508-00634687 and stuff like that to make sure that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02210-00634688-00634936 people are aware people who are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02211-00634937-00635166 interested in oh we're working on that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02212-00635167-00635437 now I want to be part of that or or get
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02213-00635438-00635745 newbies interested in finding out things
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02214-00635746-00635968 and getting involved and joining and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02215-00635969-00636256 working with the curl so to do that I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02216-00636257-00636489 hope and I'd really try to to follow
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02217-00636490-00636639 along with the protocols that curve
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02218-00636640-00636922 works with so I'm I'm working hard to to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02219-00636923-00637039 be there on the forefront of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02220-00637040-00637320 protocol development at least within the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02221-00637321-00637585 primary and the major protocol supports
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02222-00637586-00637783 I'm not a master of all the protocols
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02223-00637784-00637984 that curl supports because it supports
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02224-00637985-00638212 too many protocols for that to be
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02225-00638213-00638461 possible for me at least but I mean at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02226-00638462-00638680 least the primary ones I'm talking FTP
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02227-00638681-00638988 wants to if the PD SSH based once I I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02228-00638989-00639274 really want to be there and know the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02229-00639275-00639430 bits and understand everything to make
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02230-00639431-00639658 sure that curl does the right things
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02231-00639659-00639814 when it comes to those protocols I'm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02232-00639815-00640006 actually also involved on the side
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02233-00640007-00640251 within the IETF and stuff with protocols
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02234-00640252-00640516 sort of with a similar purpose to be
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02235-00640517-00640705 make sure that the protocols are also
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02236-00640706-00641064 done the proper the best ways and that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02237-00641065-00641320 girl can talk those protocols the best
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02238-00641321-00641581 proper way and of course I admin and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02239-00641582-00641776 host the website mailing list and a lot
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02240-00641777-00642232 of other things at the side sometimes I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02241-00642233-00642441 end up to be the public face of the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02242-00642442-00642736 project and a lot of people call it mine
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02243-00642737-00643114 I possibly I also do that myself at some
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02244-00643115-00643426 time because well I created it I started
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02245-00643427-00643738 it I lead it to some extent I do a lot
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02246-00643739-00643879 of development in it but it's not my
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02247-00643880-00644043 project I don't see it as my project
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02248-00644044-00644316 it's I'm certainly there in the project
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02249-00644317-00644479 I do a lot of things in the project but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02250-00644480-00644902 the project is its own entity I am part
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02251-00644903-00645082 of the project you know as a run diagram
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02252-00645083-00645280 I would not have an overlap but it's not
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02253-00645281-00645697 me the project is its own entity but I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02254-00645698-00645891 do talk a lot about a project I do a lot
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02255-00645892-00646156 of talks and presentations I I talk you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02256-00646157-00646345 know on my blog I basically don't talk
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02257-00646346-00646687 about anything else but but Carol so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02258-00646688-00647008 I understand why the overlap between
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02259-00647009-00647341 Carl and myself is significant to to to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02260-00647342-00647794 most people so going forward into the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02261-00647795-00647962 future what do we do what do we do in
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02262-00647963-00648302 the future well I can't tell you really
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02263-00648303-00648556 what we will do because we're all here
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02264-00648557-00648757 as individuals and and volunteers
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02265-00648758-00649045 primarily so anyone can do what they
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02266-00649046-00649216 wanted to you and I do what I want to do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02267-00649217-00649429 and I have ideas what I want to do next
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02268-00649430-00649806 and I've communicated them and I did a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02269-00649807-00650077 2020 roadmap webinar just a few weeks
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02270-00650078-00650233 ago you can go back and see the video
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02271-00650234-00650515 and I have I think 8 different ideas
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02272-00650516-00650683 that I want to work on I don't think I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02273-00650684-00650890 will work on all those 8 but those are
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02274-00650891-00651085 at least sort of suggestions or ideas
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02275-00651086-00651336 that I'm throwing out there but
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02276-00651337-00651520 potentially work on and if you have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02277-00651521-00651766 ideas if you want to get them done start
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02278-00651767-00651945 working on them if you want to have
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02279-00651946-00652181 commercially things for you for your
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02280-00652182-00652509 project you can get in touch with me and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02281-00652510-00652765 become a commercial customer and I will
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02282-00652766-00652921 certainly focus on those projects that
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02283-00652922-00653164 someone will pay me to do and of course
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02284-00653165-00653311 these priorities will change over time
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02285-00653312-00653617 as maybe as protocol change as I change
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02286-00653618-00654046 my mind or if customers show up and I'm
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02287-00654047-00654271 always interested in in user feedback
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02288-00654272-00654523 right tell me what you want tell me what
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02289-00654524-00654814 you see and what where are we going next
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02290-00654815-00655135 what should we do and I'll add this as a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02291-00655136-00655300 starting point the version 8 there is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02292-00655301-00655495 going to be a version a toe curl at some
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02293-00655496-00655723 point we do releases every 56 days and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02294-00655724-00656434 we did yeah sorry it's not this a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02295-00656435-00656821 mistake is 7.7 t1 is coming in June 20
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02296-00656822-00657377 28 20 20 so I think my math math here is
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02297-00657378-00657523 wrong
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02298-00657524-00657752 oh well anyway I don't want to do a 7
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02299-00657753-00658045 dot 100 so I want to bump it version 8
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02300-00658046-00658318 bit before there's going to be you 7.1
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02301-00658319-00658513 hundred because I think it's going to be
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02302-00658514-00658711 so much confusion with the 7 dot 100
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02303-00658712-00658921 between it's going to look like 7.1 or
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02304-00658922-00659146 so window 10 and we did a seventh of
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02305-00659147-00659386 10.0 2 so it's going to be totally
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02306-00659387-00659554 confusing so let's not go there so
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02307-00659555-00659788 before we get there we need to bump it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02308-00659789-00660082 to 8 which is somewhere around
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02309-00660083-00660476 April 20 25 maybe maybe my math was
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02310-00660477-00660632 completely wrong maybe it's a little bit
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02311-00660633-00660881 longer or not it doesn't matter
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02312-00660882-00661091 we need to bump to version eight at some
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02313-00661092-00661268 point but I think it's going to be just
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02314-00661269-00661528 the Linux kernel style or bumping
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02315-00661529-00661808 Evolutionary not revolutionary so at
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02316-00661809-00661997 some point we're just going to bump it
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02317-00661998-00662191 to version eight without it being with
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02318-00662192-00662395 any big whistles or force or anything
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02319-00662396-00662888 just bump it and if you have an idea
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02320-00662889-00663305 surround that to let me know alright I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02321-00663306-00663618 already mention this for the future yeah
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02322-00663619-00664100 so let's keep that so rounding up my
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02323-00664101-00664313 talk today here is how you get in touch
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02324-00664314-00664652 with us or first I will course mentioned
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02325-00664653-00664795 that I'm back there on Twitter so if you
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02326-00664796-00664931 want to follow me I talk a lot about
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02327-00664932-00665179 Carl on Twitter of course because I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02328-00665180-00665470 that's basically what I work on so I sit
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02329-00665471-00665675 for myself at home all the time I need
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02330-00665676-00665941 to talk Carl with people and brag about
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02331-00665942-00666181 it and show different weird things and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02332-00666182-00666397 protocol things so follow me on Twitter
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02333-00666398-00666593 we talked about curly in the freenode
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02334-00666594-00666893 IRC channel we're usually around 100
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02335-00666894-00667147 people join there there is a casual talk
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02336-00667148-00667334 we're always there so if you want to
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02337-00667335-00667502 talk back and forth you know solve
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02338-00667503-00667697 things as things Jonas on a heresy
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02339-00667698-00667897 because it's a it's a merry bunch there
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02340-00667898-00668335 and we're there around the clock always
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02341-00668336-00668609 if you file back reports do that on
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02342-00668610-00668926 github find pull requests and github
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02343-00668927-00669345 these URLs if you have questions support
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02344-00669346-00669715 want to do things you want to ask things
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02345-00669716-00670043 use the curl users mailing list for four
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02346-00670044-00670259 things about the command line to use the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02347-00670260-00670430 curl library mailing list for things
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02348-00670431-00670706 around the library or development or bug
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02349-00670707-00671060 fixes or things like that and that's the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02350-00671061-00671222 URL for the mailing list of course I
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02351-00671223-00671450 forgot to mention again then the bug
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02352-00671451-00671647 bounty here so if you have a security
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02353-00671648-00671920 related issue go to the security the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02354-00671921-00672166 current security page and submit an
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02355-00672167-00672575 issue there straight away so we keep
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02356-00672576-00672929 security issues non-disclosed while
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02357-00672930-00673058 we're working on them so that we can
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02358-00673059-00673354 disclose them responsibly
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02359-00673355-00673531 with together with the associated fix
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02360-00673532-00674056 and be be nice to our users so I think
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02361-00674057-00674272 this is basically what I wanted to say
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02362-00674273-00674458 to you today and it's become a two hour
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02363-00674459-00674848 long episode there so it's I reckon not
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02364-00674849-00675046 many of you actually made it all this
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02365-00675047-00675364 far but really finally I really hope
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02366-00675365-00675613 that we could do proper curl up in 2021
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02367-00675614-00675913 again somewhere in Europe we were going
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02368-00675914-00676270 to be in Berlin 2020 this may but we're
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02369-00676271-00676600 not so hope maybe we're going to maybe
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02370-00676601-00676912 retry Berlin in 2021 maybe somewhere
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02371-00676913-00677083 else I really hope it's going to be a
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02372-00677084-00677212 physical meetup because I think
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02373-00677213-00677416 physically it's going it's completely
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02374-00677417-00677581 different conversation and discussions
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02375-00677582-00677992 so that's it and that's it for for my
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02376-00677993-00678502 state of the Kuril 2020 presentation get
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02377-00678503-00678619 in touch with us if you have any
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02378-00678620-00678811 comments or feedback or anything about
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02379-00678812-00679245 this see you around
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02380-00679246-00679852 have a good curve day that's it for for
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02381-00679853-00680359 my presentation and I'll try to do
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02382-00680360-00680752 another presentation in 2021 there will
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02383-00680753-00680839 of course be a lot of other
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02384-00680840-00681034 presentations so just stick around
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02385-00681035-00681244 follow me and read up everywhere and
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02386-00681245-00681472 there will be more more curl all the
+6iHYRQZvf1I-02387-00681473-00681905 time have a good day