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+tR-ipVT5CEA-00000-00000128-00000359 hello friends welcome to pioneer of
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00001-00000360-00000671 success today we are going to talk about
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00002-00000672-00000966 two phase flow again in this particular
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00003-00000967-00001239 video we are going to talk about how
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00004-00001240-00001550 exactly we can incorporate additional
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00005-00001551-00001895 external forces into phase flow
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00006-00001896-00002151 external force fields can be of various
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00007-00002152-00002247 types
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00008-00002248-00002502 starting from electric field force
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00009-00002503-00002783 magnetic field force acoustic force
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00010-00002784-00003158 marangoni force or any possible forces
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00011-00003159-00003383 in comsol there are provisions to
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00012-00003384-00003695 incorporate multiple force fields at a
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00013-00003696-00003943 time and you can see what are their
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00014-00003944-00004159 effects in changing the flow
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00015-00004160-00004431 morphologies but for understanding
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00016-00004432-00004711 purpose in this particular video we will
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00017-00004712-00005015 talk about a single force field that is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00018-00005016-00005302 electric field force and this particular
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00019-00005303-00005567 model is actually given in the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00020-00005568-00005863 application library of comsol i'll put
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00021-00005864-00006070 the link in the description box so that
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00022-00006071-00006302 you can follow their blog and you can
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00023-00006303-00006663 learn about the same from their blog but
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00024-00006664-00006959 my contribution to this particular video
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00025-00006959-00007246 is i am going to explain each and every
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00026-00007247-00007534 step so that these things become
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00027-00007536-00007846 transparent to you and in you can apply
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00028-00007847-00008214 this knowledge for your research problem
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00029-00008215-00008551 modeling so let us proceed with the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00030-00008552-00008719 problem statement
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00031-00008720-00009078 initially i would like to show you the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00032-00009079-00009519 pdf file which is given by comsol where
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00033-00009520-00009846 the description of the problem is stated
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00034-00009847-00010014 so here you can see this is the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00035-00010015-00010303 schematic of the problem what exactly we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00036-00010304-00010638 are doing we have a two phase flow
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00037-00010639-00010991 situation that means we are we have oil
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00038-00010992-00011303 as continuous phase because only these
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00039-00011304-00011559 two droplets are of water and rest of
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00040-00011560-00011903 the portions are filled with oil so this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00041-00011904-00012199 is how the initial situation looks looks
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00042-00012200-00012574 like and what we have done it exactly
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00043-00012575-00012683 there are
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00044-00012684-00012958 two there are electric field that is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00045-00012959-00013207 acting across this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00046-00013208-00013679 section so we have a a positive
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00047-00013680-00013983 potential at the top of the channel and
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00048-00013984-00014175 we have grounded the bottom of the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00049-00014176-00014503 channel so across this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00050-00014504-00014727 across this section we will have a
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00051-00014728-00015022 distribution of electric field and that
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00052-00015023-00015319 electric field distribution will create
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00053-00015319-00015583 a stress on the fluid and that
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00054-00015584-00015855 particular stress is called maxwell
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00055-00015856-00016143 stress and we'll talk little about it in
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00056-00016144-00016447 this particular video and we will upload
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00057-00016448-00016735 another part of this particular video
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00058-00016736-00017015 where we will explain about the maxwell
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00059-00017016-00017111 stress
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00060-00017112-00017415 and also be also every aspect of the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00061-00017416-00017583 physics which is lying in this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00062-00017584-00017886 particular model but in this video we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00063-00017887-00018214 will only focus on the on the steps of
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00064-00018215-00018367 console
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00065-00018368-00018455 so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00066-00018456-00018686 initially what we understand from the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00067-00018687-00018958 schematic we understand that we have to
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00068-00018959-00019255 solve for the electric field and also we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00069-00019256-00019527 have to solve for the flow and then we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00070-00019528-00019830 have to couple these two physics because
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00071-00019831-00020143 electric field will generate some stress
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00072-00020144-00020494 and that stress in turn will affect the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00073-00020495-00020807 flow field and obviously that maxwell
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00074-00020808-00021094 stress or electric field stress has to
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00075-00021095-00021414 go to the momentum equation and
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00076-00021415-00021686 how exactly we convert this stress into
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00077-00021687-00021830 the momentum
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00078-00021831-00022030 for i mean force in the momentum
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00079-00022031-00022358 equation that we will be explaining
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00080-00022359-00022535 today
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00081-00022536-00022814 so let us proceed with the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00082-00022815-00023014 console
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00083-00023015-00023335 file so here you can see initially we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00084-00023336-00023591 have taken two materials and the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00085-00023592-00023999 materials are like this oil is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00086-00024000-00024247 here that is the continuous phase and we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00087-00024248-00024527 have two water droplets one of
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00088-00024528-00024775 bigger size and other is smaller
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00089-00024776-00024983 compared to the bigger one so this is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00090-00024984-00025199 the bigger one and this is the smaller
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00091-00025200-00025311 one
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00092-00025312-00025567 now what
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00093-00025568-00025702 what is done
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00094-00025704-00026031 this is electric electrostatics so let
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00095-00026032-00026343 us see the equation what is the equation
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00096-00026344-00026583 we are solving so this is the equation
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00097-00026583-00026702 you can see
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00098-00026704-00026990 divergence of d is equal to rho v where
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00099-00026991-00027343 rho v is the charge density and e is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00100-00027344-00027574 nothing but the negative gradient of the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00101-00027575-00027918 electric field potential so this is very
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00102-00027919-00028158 well known equation this is poisson's
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00103-00028160-00028374 equation and we are solving the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00104-00028375-00028631 positions equation for the electric
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00105-00028632-00028895 field and once we solve it we will have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00106-00028895-00029143 the distribution of the electric field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00107-00029144-00029383 so the electric field will be solved
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00108-00029383-00029599 subject to the boundary condition that
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00109-00029600-00029870 upper part of this particular channel
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00110-00029872-00030158 will have a positive potential or
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00111-00030160-00030414 electric field potential and the lower
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00112-00030416-00030702 part will be grounded so that is done
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00113-00030703-00030927 using the boundary condition so the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00114-00030927-00031174 first boundary condition is electric
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00115-00031175-00031414 potential so you can see the top one it
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00116-00031416-00031895 is kept at some v0 voltage where this v0
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00117-00031895-00032358 is given here so v0 is 5 kilo volt here
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00118-00032360-00032574 so this is a kind of
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00119-00032575-00032846 dielectric material oil is dielectric
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00120-00032847-00033055 material so you need
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00121-00033056-00033302 you need a high electric field to induce
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00122-00033303-00033567 the maxwell stress into it and that's
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00123-00033568-00033839 why we have taken actually they have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00124-00033840-00034255 taken 5 kilovolt of electric field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00125-00034256-00034462 and the bottom is grounded as you can
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00126-00034463-00034735 see and ground means voltage equal to 0
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00127-00034736-00035039 here it is given by default
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00128-00035040-00035295 initial values so this is how the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00129-00035296-00035774 initial value is taken and initial value
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00130-00035775-00035983 as you can see they have taken a
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00131-00035984-00036095 function
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00132-00036096-00036383 but you you could have taken a zero
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00133-00036384-00036671 initial value as well but if you take
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00134-00036672-00037007 this kind of initial value then it will
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00135-00037008-00037174 solve your problem
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00136-00037175-00037271 better
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00137-00037272-00037559 better means efficiently because
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00138-00037560-00037718 it will not actually depend on the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00139-00037719-00038102 initial conditions because you see
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00140-00038103-00038390 this particular equation is stationary
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00141-00038391-00038662 we don't have any time dependent term so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00142-00038663-00038983 here this initial value is only for the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00143-00038984-00039311 purposes of numerical solution this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00144-00039312-00039543 initial value means the guess value if
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00145-00039544-00039815 you are solving with iterative method
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00146-00039816-00040030 then you should start the matrix with
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00147-00040031-00040335 some initial guess values and that
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00148-00040336-00040535 thing actually
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00149-00040536-00040799 gives you the initial guess values so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00150-00040800-00041095 those steps we have to understand if we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00151-00041096-00041374 want to know details about the flow
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00152-00041375-00041495 field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00153-00041496-00041671 i mean the physics
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00154-00041672-00041807 so here
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00155-00041808-00042039 now we have to look at the laminar flow
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00156-00042040-00042239 obviously there will be a laminar flow
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00157-00042240-00042479 because fluid flow is taking place and
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00158-00042480-00042767 we have talked about it multiple times
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00159-00042768-00043046 so here we should have an inlet so this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00160-00043047-00043415 is how the inlet is and at inlet
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00161-00043416-00043790 we have defined ah an average velocity
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00162-00043791-00044071 and that is following a step function
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00163-00044072-00044318 and for that what we have done we have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00164-00044319-00044615 taken an analytical function in the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00165-00044616-00044887 definition section so this is the step
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00166-00044888-00045158 function if i plot it you can see how
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00167-00045159-00045455 exactly the step function is taken so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00168-00045456-00045662 there are multiple step functions
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00169-00045663-00045935 multiple analytical functions and i have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00170-00045936-00046190 talked about the same in a separate
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00171-00046191-00046390 video i will also put that link in the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00172-00046391-00046655 description box so that you can have a
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00173-00046656-00046815 look into that
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00174-00046816-00047015 so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00175-00047016-00047262 inlet outlet was defined
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00176-00047263-00047574 wall wall means the no slip conditions
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00177-00047575-00047927 so here we get no slip conditions
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00178-00047928-00048262 initial values are taken as 0
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00179-00048263-00048543 and then this is the heart of the story
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00180-00048544-00048743 this is the volume force
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00181-00048744-00049062 so we have a volume force or you can say
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00182-00049063-00049343 body force in physics we call it body
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00183-00049344-00049574 force but in comsol language they call
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00184-00049575-00049862 it volume force both are same basically
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00185-00049863-00050223 because in momentum equation if you see
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00186-00050224-00050479 if you go to laminar flow and if you see
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00187-00050480-00050646 the momentum equation
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00188-00050647-00050879 so all the terms in the momentum
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00189-00050880-00051007 equation
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00190-00051008-00051414 has an unit of force per meter cube that
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00191-00051415-00051511 means
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00192-00051512-00051846 volumetric force so that is why the term
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00193-00051847-00052063 volume force they might have used
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00194-00052064-00052311 because this is their terminology that
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00195-00052312-00052559 means comsol's terminology but what i
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00196-00052560-00052982 understand is as the force is force per
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00197-00052983-00053247 unit volume that is why they have they
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00198-00053248-00053471 might have given the name volume force
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00199-00053472-00053766 but we also call it body force and this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00200-00053767-00054071 force is coming from the electric field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00201-00054072-00054166 stress
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00202-00054167-00054559 and how exactly it is coming for that we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00203-00054560-00054759 have to understand the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00204-00054760-00054879 maxwell
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00205-00054879-00055159 stress so i have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00206-00055160-00055454 opened the wikipedia page about the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00207-00055455-00055711 basics of electromagnetism
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00208-00055712-00056087 so few things we already know
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00209-00056088-00056503 and that we have to actually
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00210-00056504-00056775 we have to actually remember
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00211-00056776-00056982 because those things are necessary while
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00212-00056983-00057407 we are working with maxwell stresses so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00213-00057408-00057503 very
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00214-00057504-00057703 basic things i will just cover in this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00215-00057704-00057966 particular video so this is your gauss's
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00216-00057967-00058335 law where we actually solve for the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00217-00058336-00058503 electric field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00218-00058504-00058782 and that is actually equated with the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00219-00058783-00058935 charge density
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00220-00058936-00059175 and this is nothing but the equation
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00221-00059176-00059503 which we have shown in console also so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00222-00059504-00059807 if you remember in the electrostatics we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00223-00059808-00060007 are basically solving the similar
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00224-00060008-00060263 equations so you can say this is nothing
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00225-00060264-00060526 but the gauss's law
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00226-00060527-00060719 and this is the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00227-00060720-00060911 law for the magnetic field that is the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00228-00060912-00061150 divergence of magnetic field is zero
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00229-00061151-00061263 this is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00230-00061264-00061423 nothing but firearms law of
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00231-00061424-00061711 electromagnetic induction and the last
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00232-00061712-00061991 one is this ampere circuited law so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00233-00061991-00062303 those four equations are actually heart
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00234-00062304-00062494 of electromagnetism
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00235-00062495-00062799 but the physical thing is once you have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00236-00062800-00063082 a charge density inside
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00237-00063083-00063375 any close domain then you will have a
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00238-00063376-00063630 distribution of electric field there and
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00239-00063632-00063894 that electric field will generate a
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00240-00063895-00064006 stress
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00241-00064007-00064254 which is called maxwell stress and the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00242-00064255-00064382 expression
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00243-00064383-00064759 of maxwell's stress looks like this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00244-00064760-00065023 so this is the expression of the maxwell
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00245-00065024-00065126 stress
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00246-00065127-00065430 and where here you can see there is one
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00247-00065432-00065638 electric field term and other is a
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00248-00065639-00065894 magnetic field term for the time being
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00249-00065895-00066215 if we just assume that magnetic field is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00250-00066216-00066471 uniform throughout so we can drop this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00251-00066472-00066623 particular thing
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00252-00066624-00066926 we we can go ahead with this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00253-00066927-00067087 electric field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00254-00067088-00067391 equation or or maximum stress due to the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00255-00067392-00067719 electric field so here you can see e i e
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00256-00067720-00067975 j where i and j are the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00257-00067976-00068294 coordinate indices where in three
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00258-00068295-00068559 dimensional cartesian coordinates i can
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00259-00068560-00068935 have values x y and z similarly j can
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00260-00068936-00069391 have values x y and z and i j can have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00261-00069392-00069911 any combinations like x x x y x z y x y
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00262-00069912-00070150 y so any kind of combinations are
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00263-00070151-00070431 possible so if you have two indices you
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00264-00070432-00070623 have nine combinations
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00265-00070624-00071047 x x x y x z
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00266-00071048-00071175 y x
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00267-00071176-00071559 y y y z z x z y
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00268-00071560-00071711 and z z
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00269-00071712-00071975 so this is how the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00270-00071976-00072238 components will be
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00271-00072239-00072487 looking like if we just expand it so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00272-00072488-00072871 what i have done is in a separate ppt5
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00273-00072872-00073159 vpd document i have actually written the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00274-00073160-00073311 stresses so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00275-00073312-00073631 this is the txx term
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00276-00073632-00073823 what i have told there are nine
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00277-00073824-00074055 components actually and those are the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00278-00074056-00074399 nine components of the stresses t x x t
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00279-00074400-00074862 x y t x z t y x t y y t y z and those
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00280-00074863-00075135 are the expressions for that where e x
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00281-00075136-00075287 is the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00282-00075288-00075535 gradient along x direction gradient of
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00283-00075536-00075838 electric field similarly e y and e z
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00284-00075839-00076023 are the gradients of electric field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00285-00076024-00076326 along y and z direction so once we have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00286-00076327-00076606 the information about the electric field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00287-00076607-00076887 throughout our solution space we can
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00288-00076888-00077343 easily calculate e x e y and e z once we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00289-00077344-00077647 have this e x e y and e z we can
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00290-00077648-00077894 actually calculate all the stress
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00291-00077895-00078038 components
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00292-00078039-00078279 where this epsilon zero is the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00293-00078280-00078511 dielectric permittivity of the material
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00294-00078512-00078591 so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00295-00078592-00078879 if we know this we can actually look for
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00296-00078880-00079071 we can actually calculate or you can
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00297-00079072-00079335 actually quantify those stresses and
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00298-00079336-00079671 those stresses will give you the force
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00299-00079672-00079871 so the force term is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00300-00079872-00080191 exactly given by the divergence of this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00301-00080192-00080455 maxwell stresses so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00302-00080456-00080687 now we if we go to the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00303-00080688-00081055 console so i can show you in the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00304-00081056-00081359 variables they have actually listed the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00305-00081360-00081679 forces so this thing we which we have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00306-00081680-00081950 shown in the ppt file this is given
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00307-00081951-00082223 for the three dimensional case but in
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00308-00082224-00082519 two dimension we don't have any z
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00309-00082520-00082823 axis so those terms will be dropped so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00310-00082824-00083150 we'll have only these four terms so t x
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00311-00083151-00083575 x t x y t y x and t y y and those four
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00312-00083576-00083926 terms are taken as t one one t one two t
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00313-00083927-00084199 two one and t two two so in console you
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00314-00084200-00084567 can see we have taken as term 1 1 term 2
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00315-00084568-00084911 2 term 1 2 term 2 1 and these things are
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00316-00084912-00085143 nothing but the expressions
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00317-00085144-00085359 which we have actually
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00318-00085360-00085631 shown here so those expressions are
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00319-00085632-00086103 systematically written in this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00320-00086104-00086382 section so i'll show you you can see
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00321-00086383-00086726 this is e x square plus e y square so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00322-00086727-00086975 this is coming from that particular
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00323-00086976-00087279 equations and then what they have done
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00324-00087280-00087703 is so we know that force is nothing but
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00325-00087704-00087959 divergence of maxwell stresses or the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00326-00087960-00088231 volumetric force density so this is the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00327-00088232-00088599 f x for f x what we they have done they
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00328-00088600-00088799 have taken derivative
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00329-00088800-00088991 of the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00330-00088992-00089350 stresses and these derivatives are
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00331-00089351-00089638 given by in console derivative is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00332-00089639-00090015 written as d the term and the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00333-00090016-00090238 independent variable with respect to
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00334-00090239-00090382 which you want to calculate the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00335-00090383-00090694 derivative so this is how it is given so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00336-00090695-00090855 again i'm telling we will have a
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00337-00090856-00091199 separate part of this particular video
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00338-00091200-00091471 so that we can tell you about the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00339-00091472-00091743 equations in a better way but for the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00340-00091744-00092071 time being you just assume that we have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00341-00092072-00092494 calculated the volumetric forces along x
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00342-00092495-00092711 and y component from the maxwell
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00343-00092712-00092982 stresses and this maxwell stresses are
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00344-00092983-00093206 coming from this electric field equation
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00345-00093207-00093494 so now things are getting
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00346-00093495-00093718 combined together so we solve for the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00347-00093719-00093975 electric field we have the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00348-00093976-00094238 solution of the electric field vector
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00349-00094239-00094447 and from there we can calculate the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00350-00094448-00094687 stresses from the stresses we can
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00351-00094688-00094918 calculate the force and that force is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00352-00094919-00095255 integrated with the laminar flow so in
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00353-00095256-00095431 the laminar flow if you see you have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00354-00095432-00095718 position to put external forces and we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00355-00095719-00096062 have actually put it as a
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00356-00096063-00096255 volume force so now we have the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00357-00096256-00096518 contribution of the electric field as a
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00358-00096519-00096703 force in the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00359-00096704-00097055 system so this force will affect the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00360-00097056-00097374 flow field and again the phase field we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00361-00097375-00097623 have already talked about it in my
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00362-00097624-00097823 previous video so in the phase field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00363-00097824-00098055 also you have to define your inlet which
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00364-00098056-00098238 fluid is coming through the inlet that
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00365-00098239-00098503 also you need to define so here fluid 2
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00366-00098504-00098694 is coming through the inlet
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00367-00098695-00098926 and in the outlet
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00368-00098927-00099159 you have to define the outlet the outlet
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00369-00099160-00099415 is defined it is weighted wall condition
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00370-00099416-00099671 the angle is also defined
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00371-00099672-00099959 and also the initial values so initial
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00372-00099960-00100150 values mean where exactly you have put
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00373-00100151-00100535 your material like in in this one the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00374-00100536-00100791 most of the portions are filled with
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00375-00100792-00101126 oil so your oil is fluid too
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00376-00101127-00101374 there where phi is equal to one
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00377-00101375-00101687 and your water is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00378-00101688-00101935 fluid one where phi is equal to minus
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00379-00101936-00102103 one so for
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00380-00102104-00102454 face fill the value of phi varies from
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00381-00102455-00102727 minus one to one and for the level said
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00382-00102728-00102942 it varies from zero to one you should
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00383-00102943-00103142 remember it
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00384-00103143-00103430 and let us show you the phase field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00385-00103431-00103639 equation so this is the face field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00386-00103640-00103766 equation
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00387-00103767-00104047 and we actually we are actually solving
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00388-00104048-00104142 this
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00389-00104143-00104486 in phase field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00390-00104488-00104758 you have to couple it
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00391-00104759-00104983 with the electric field so this is how
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00392-00104983-00105199 it is coupled to phase flow this is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00393-00105200-00105390 coupled with the laminar flow
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00394-00105391-00105590 you can see laminar flow and phase field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00395-00105591-00105943 those two are coupled so now we have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00396-00105944-00106254 actually defined everything
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00397-00106255-00106575 and then you can go for machine you can
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00398-00106576-00106654 have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00399-00106655-00106863 a normal mesh for the understanding
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00400-00106864-00107127 purpose but in actual situation you
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00401-00107128-00107375 should have a fine mesh
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00402-00107376-00107599 so once the machine is done i have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00403-00107600-00107927 actually simulated it and after i
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00404-00107928-00108263 simulate we get this kind of result so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00405-00108264-00108502 i'll show you a movie
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00406-00108503-00108799 so this is how two droplets qualis with
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00407-00108800-00109110 each other and that happens under the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00408-00109111-00109431 application of the electric field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00409-00109432-00109623 without electric field you don't see
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00410-00109624-00109895 this kind of phenomena so electric field
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00411-00109896-00110119 plays a role here
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00412-00110120-00110390 so i will just show you how the electric
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00413-00110391-00110647 field is distributed so this is how the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00414-00110648-00110847 electric field is distributed you can
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00415-00110848-00110927 see
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00416-00110928-00111207 uh your higher
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00417-00111208-00111431 electric field is on the top because we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00418-00111432-00111775 have put 5 kv on the top and the bottom
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00419-00111776-00112007 one is grounded and then that is why we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00420-00112008-00112239 have a gradient here gradient of the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00421-00112240-00112471 electric field and from those gradients
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00422-00112472-00112686 we are actually calculating the maxwell
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00423-00112688-00113007 stresses from maxwell stresses force and
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00424-00113008-00113286 that force is allowing to quality these
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00425-00113288-00113615 two droplets so this is very important
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00426-00113616-00113863 because in this particular video we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00427-00113864-00114286 talked about addition of external forces
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00428-00114288-00114590 and how exactly it is playing role in
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00429-00114591-00114886 changing the morphology of the flow so
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00430-00114888-00114983 here
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00431-00114983-00115175 change in morphology means there were
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00432-00115176-00115390 two separate droplets were those are
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00433-00115391-00115678 coming close to each other and forming a
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00434-00115679-00115934 single droplet and that is
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00435-00115935-00116031 your
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00436-00116032-00116358 morphology chain so in this video we
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00437-00116359-00116543 talked much about
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00438-00116544-00116847 the steps but we will have a separate
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00439-00116848-00117119 video where we'll be talking about the
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00440-00117120-00117390 physics in detail we'll be explaining
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00441-00117391-00117647 with a presentation so that you have
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00442-00117648-00117919 understanding of each and every aspect
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00443-00117920-00118047 of the equation
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00444-00118048-00118327 so today i stop here if you like these
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00445-00118328-00118583 videos then kindly subscribe to our
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00446-00118583-00118871 channel so that we get more motivation
+tR-ipVT5CEA-00447-00118872-00119259 for uploading videos
+tRUZCfPeG9c-00000-00023951-00024014 einer
+tRUZCfPeG9c-00001-00024015-00024343 and demegletao
+tSsBnddBRPM-00000-00000197-00000451 InDesign has a hidden baseline grid that
+tSsBnddBRPM-00001-00000452-00000611 can be activated to automate the
+tSsBnddBRPM-00002-00000612-00000797 alignment of text have you ever tried to
+tSsBnddBRPM-00003-00000798-00000950 eyeball text to make sure it lines up
+tSsBnddBRPM-00004-00000951-00001172 across two pages of a spread it can be
+tSsBnddBRPM-00005-00001173-00001366 difficult to get it exactly right what
+tSsBnddBRPM-00006-00001367-00001528 about making sure the text on page six
+tSsBnddBRPM-00007-00001529-00001780 and 600 also line up activating a
+tSsBnddBRPM-00008-00001782-00001957 baseline grid forces all text within a
+tSsBnddBRPM-00009-00001959-00002156 page or spread to snap to the baseline
+tSsBnddBRPM-00010-00002157-00002284 grid regardless of your lighting
+tSsBnddBRPM-00011-00002285-00002452 settings with the baseline grid
+tSsBnddBRPM-00012-00002453-00002663 activated there is no way for text
+tSsBnddBRPM-00013-00002664-00002906 across the spread not to line up turn on
+tSsBnddBRPM-00014-00002907-00003116 the baseline grid via the View menu go
+tSsBnddBRPM-00015-00003117-00003272 to the View menu choose grids and guides
+tSsBnddBRPM-00016-00003272-00003536 and show baseline grid once your grid is
+tSsBnddBRPM-00017-00003536-00003719 visible you can sync your texts to use
+tSsBnddBRPM-00018-00003720-00003895 the grid via the paragraph panel
+tSsBnddBRPM-00019-00003896-00004079 highlight your text or select the text
+tSsBnddBRPM-00020-00004079-00004265 frame your text is in and choose align
+tSsBnddBRPM-00021-00004266-00004394 to baseline grid in the bottom
+tSsBnddBRPM-00022-00004395-00004579 right-hand corner of the panel and last
+tSsBnddBRPM-00023-00004580-00004822 you can modify the baseline grid via the
+tSsBnddBRPM-00024-00004823-00004991 Preferences dialog box go to the
+tSsBnddBRPM-00025-00004992-00005183 InDesign menu choose preferences and
+tSsBnddBRPM-00026-00005184-00005375 grid or if you're on a PC you can use
+tSsBnddBRPM-00027-00005376-00005602 the Edit menu preferences in grid or if
+tSsBnddBRPM-00028-00005603-00005777 you prefer key commands you can do
+tSsBnddBRPM-00029-00005778-00006031 command K or control K on your keyboard
+tSsBnddBRPM-00030-00006032-00006313 and so the first thing you have to do is
+tSsBnddBRPM-00031-00006314-00006478 turn your baseline grid on here's a
+tSsBnddBRPM-00032-00006479-00006614 visual of how that would work
+tSsBnddBRPM-00033-00006615-00006788 choose the view menu grids and guides
+tSsBnddBRPM-00034-00006789-00007009 and then show baseline grid you can see
+tSsBnddBRPM-00035-00007011-00007181 just because you have the grid turned on
+tSsBnddBRPM-00036-00007181-00007400 does not mean you're using it my text is
+tSsBnddBRPM-00037-00007401-00007624 crossing over multiple lines of text the
+tSsBnddBRPM-00038-00007625-00007849 baseline of my text is not sitting on
+tSsBnddBRPM-00039-00007850-00008012 the baseline of those blue horizontal
+tSsBnddBRPM-00040-00008013-00008374 lines if you want to force your text to
+tSsBnddBRPM-00041-00008375-00008599 sit on those base lines you need to sync
+tSsBnddBRPM-00042-00008600-00008767 your text to the baseline grid via the
+tSsBnddBRPM-00043-00008768-00008951 paragraph panel so highlight your text
+tSsBnddBRPM-00044-00008952-00009155 either with a text cursor or click it
+tSsBnddBRPM-00045-00009156-00009331 with your selection tool and then in the
+tSsBnddBRPM-00046-00009332-00009569 bottom right hand corner click to align
+tSsBnddBRPM-00047-00009570-00009728 your text of the baseline grid you can
+tSsBnddBRPM-00048-00009729-00010078 see that it snaps to the grid last you
+tSsBnddBRPM-00049-00010079-00010358 can modify the baseline grid if you want
+tSsBnddBRPM-00050-00010359-00010601 it to be spread out further apart or
+tSsBnddBRPM-00051-00010602-00010823 closer together and you can modify that
+tSsBnddBRPM-00052-00010824-00011017 by going to the preferences dialog box
+tSsBnddBRPM-00053-00011018-00011330 choose grids and then I like to modify
+tSsBnddBRPM-00054-00011331-00011521 the starting point do you want your text
+tSsBnddBRPM-00055-00011522-00011663 to start a half-inch from the top of the
+tSsBnddBRPM-00056-00011664-00011828 page or an inch from the top of the page
+tSsBnddBRPM-00057-00011829-00012070 and then the increment how often do I
+tSsBnddBRPM-00058-00012071-00012233 want to see those blue horizontal lines
+tSsBnddBRPM-00059-00012234-00012431 while you're there if you want to you
+tSsBnddBRPM-00060-00012432-00012608 can change your document grid color or
+tSsBnddBRPM-00061-00012609-00012866 your baseline grid color the default is
+tSsBnddBRPM-00062-00012866-00013088 light blue to whatever you would like
+tSsBnddBRPM-00063-00013088-00013294 I think light gray might be a good color
+tSsBnddBRPM-00064-00013295-00013349 for the
+tSsBnddBRPM-00065-00013350-00013487 a slang grid so that you don't really
+tSsBnddBRPM-00066-00013488-00013847 see it kind of fades away here's a
+tSsBnddBRPM-00067-00013847-00014057 visual of what happens if you modify
+tSsBnddBRPM-00068-00014058-00014297 your preferences so you can see on the
+tSsBnddBRPM-00069-00014297-00014618 left that I have changed the increment
+tSsBnddBRPM-00070-00014619-00014897 to every 12 points on the left and you
+tSsBnddBRPM-00071-00014897-00015071 can see that my text is hitting and it's
+tSsBnddBRPM-00072-00015072-00015332 it's fine but if I wanted my text to be
+tSsBnddBRPM-00073-00015333-00015547 closer together almost like I'm
+tSsBnddBRPM-00074-00015549-00015725 decreasing the letting or the spacing
+tSsBnddBRPM-00075-00015726-00015950 between the lines of type if I increase
+tSsBnddBRPM-00076-00015951-00016187 if I decrease the increment to every 10
+tSsBnddBRPM-00077-00016188-00016421 points and we'll get closer together be
+tSsBnddBRPM-00078-00016422-00016634 careful though because if I had 12-point
+tSsBnddBRPM-00079-00016635-00016805 typeface and I made the increment every
+tSsBnddBRPM-00080-00016806-00017044 10 points I would not get type on every
+tSsBnddBRPM-00081-00017045-00017276 line because I can't fit my text on a
+tSsBnddBRPM-00082-00017277-00017453 line and it would overlap the line above
+tSsBnddBRPM-00083-00017454-00017647 it and you end up with text on every
+tSsBnddBRPM-00084-00017648-00018032 other line so let's jump over to
+tSsBnddBRPM-00085-00018033-00018176 InDesign and I'll show you this really
+tSsBnddBRPM-00086-00018177-00018422 quickly so to turn the baseline grid on
+tSsBnddBRPM-00087-00018423-00018653 go to the View menu choose grids and
+tSsBnddBRPM-00088-00018654-00018860 guides and then show the baseline grid
+tSsBnddBRPM-00089-00018861-00019184 in its default setting you can see that
+tSsBnddBRPM-00090-00019185-00019421 my type is going over the top of the
+tSsBnddBRPM-00091-00019422-00019607 baseline grid it's not being impacted by
+tSsBnddBRPM-00092-00019608-00019811 that but if I select the frame and
+tSsBnddBRPM-00093-00019812-00020006 choose the paragraph panel let's
+tSsBnddBRPM-00094-00020007-00020203 highlight our text and choose the
+tSsBnddBRPM-00095-00020204-00020425 paragraph panel you can align your text
+tSsBnddBRPM-00096-00020426-00020650 to the baseline grid and you can see how
+tSsBnddBRPM-00097-00020651-00020969 it snaps to the lines if I wanted my
+tSsBnddBRPM-00098-00020970-00021164 lines to be further apart I can modify
+tSsBnddBRPM-00099-00021165-00021328 the grid by going to the InDesign menu
+tSsBnddBRPM-00100-00021329-00021788 preferences and grids and grids and then
+tSsBnddBRPM-00101-00021789-00021971 I can change this so maybe I want to
+tSsBnddBRPM-00102-00021972-00022280 space it out further so I want every 18
+tSsBnddBRPM-00103-00022281-00022514 points to have a line when I select OK
+tSsBnddBRPM-00104-00022515-00022724 you'll see the grid the baseline grid
+tSsBnddBRPM-00105-00022725-00022964 has expanded and that I only have one
+tSsBnddBRPM-00106-00022965-00023243 line of text per blue horizontal base
+tSsBnddBRPM-00107-00023244-00023612 line grid line this helps when you're
+tSsBnddBRPM-00108-00023613-00023777 formatting your text and your spacing
+tSsBnddBRPM-00109-00023778-00024002 because if you snap to the baseline grid
+tSsBnddBRPM-00110-00024003-00024131 and you decide that you want to change
+tSsBnddBRPM-00111-00024132-00024389 your letting you can instead of changing
+tSsBnddBRPM-00112-00024390-00024500 the letting you can just modify the
+tSsBnddBRPM-00113-00024501-00024665 baseline grid to be bigger or smaller
+tSsBnddBRPM-00114-00024666-00024989 between your lines of type
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00000-00000003-00000164 hello everyone welcome back to my video
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00001-00000165-00000335 today I'm gonna be doing an updated
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00002-00000336-00000491 Californian name change here tonight
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00003-00000492-00000628 because I haven't done one of these in
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00004-00000629-00000761 over a year and a half and a lot of you
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00005-00000762-00000893 have been asking me questions about the
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00006-00000894-00001064 process especially since the beginning
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00007-00001065-00001208 of the year so I list all my fellow
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00008-00001209-00001300 types of questions I've been getting
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00009-00001301-00001453 asked a lot recently so let's get into
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00010-00001454-00001579 the questions the first question is
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00011-00001580-00001660 something that I feel like I've
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00012-00001661-00001832 addressed a lot in the past but people
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00013-00001832-00002042 still keep asking me this question and
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00014-00002043-00002218 then you have to pay for each name that
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00015-00002219-00002377 you wanna change so basically is it the
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00016-00002378-00002516 same class to change your first name
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00017-00002517-00002720 asked is change your entire name some of
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00018-00002721-00002849 your first name middle name last name
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00019-00002850-00003034 and simple answer is no you don't have
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00020-00003035-00003179 to pay extra for each name that you want
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00021-00003180-00003340 to change its exact same cost change
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00022-00003342-00003476 your first name as to just change your
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00023-00003477-00003650 first name last name and middle name if
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00024-00003651-00003806 you change your first name in 2019 and
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00025-00003807-00003938 then you decide to change your last name
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00026-00003939-00004156 in 2020 you will have to pay the filing
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00027-00004157-00004345 fee twice but as long but as long as
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00028-00004346-00004460 you're changing all your names at the
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00029-00004461-00004640 same time it's the exact same price you
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00030-00004641-00004793 don't pay after anything the next
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00031-00004794-00004979 question is do you have to register or
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00032-00004980-00005174 selective service if you change your
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00033-00005175-00005411 gender to non-binary the answer to this
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00034-00005412-00005561 question is a little bit confusing and
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00035-00005562-00005756 complicated basically at this moment I'm
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00036-00005757-00005929 what I'm filming this video the federal
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00037-00005930-00006154 government does not recognize you gender
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00038-00006155-00006370 non-binary basically if your gender with
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00039-00006371-00006481 Social Security with the federal
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00040-00006483-00006656 government is male you will have to
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00041-00006656-00006812 register for selective service even if
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00042-00006813-00006950 the state of California recognizes your
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00043-00006951-00007117 gender as non-binary it's a little bit
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00044-00007118-00007259 complicated right now but I feel like
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00045-00007259-00007423 everything it's gonna get sorted out
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00046-00007425-00007583 within the next few years as people
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00047-00007584-00007759 start suing at different states
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00048-00007761-00007895 the next question is slightly related to
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00049-00007895-00008051 this one of those what if I'm living in
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00050-00008052-00008213 California and I changed my genders you
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00051-00008214-00008363 know I'm binary in California but my
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00052-00008364-00008521 state doesn't recognize my gender is not
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00053-00008522-00008689 my name if your state doesn't recognize
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00054-00008690-00008942 a non-binary as a gender you can still
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00055-00008943-00009092 get a change in California you can still
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00056-00009093-00009253 have it on your California ID and
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00057-00009254-00009410 everything else in California that
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00058-00009411-00009563 unfortunately won't be recognized by
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00059-00009564-00009713 your home state the best thing to do in
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00060-00009714-00009928 that situation is talk to your old
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00061-00009929-00010148 representatives from your home state or
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00062-00010149-00010303 your representatives here in California
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00063-00010304-00010517 and ask them to introduce a bill at the
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00064-00010518-00010712 state local or federal level to make
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00065-00010713-00010935 non-binary or recognize gender option
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00066-00010936-00011061 a lot of people don't think that
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00067-00011062-00011262 politics is important but it actually it
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00068-00011263-00011418 really is in a lot of these situations
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00069-00011419-00011559 so don't underestimate the power that
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00070-00011560-00011673 your reps have over these sorts of
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00071-00011674-00011817 things the next question is how I
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00072-00011818-00012042 convinced my parents to let me change my
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00073-00012043-00012240 name if I'm under 18 I don't have any
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00074-00012241-00012387 personal experience with this because I
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00075-00012388-00012591 waited until I was 19 guys to be honest
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00076-00012592-00012726 being patient with them and bringing it
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00077-00012727-00012941 up over a longer period of time and then
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00078-00012943-00013062 if they don't like the name that you
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00079-00013063-00013278 picked for yourself maybe give them the
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00080-00013279-00013428 option of picking your middle name or
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00081-00013429-00013563 something like that that might make them
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00082-00013563-00013761 a little bit more likely to let you
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00083-00013762-00013905 change your name but at the end of the
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00084-00013906-00014082 day if they still say no always remember
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00085-00014083-00014262 you can file literally the day that you
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00086-00014263-00014466 turn 18 and that you will turn 18
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00087-00014466-00014607 eventually because that's how time works
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00088-00014608-00014802 so best of luck to this person and
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00089-00014803-00014988 anyone else that's in this situation the
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00090-00014988-00015135 next question is what was the scariest
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00091-00015136-00015315 part of the process my opinion the
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00092-00015316-00015497 scariest part of the process was getting
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00093-00015499-00015699 my name change at Social Security maybe
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00094-00015700-00015819 it was just the Social Security office
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00095-00015819-00016011 that I went to but there are a lot of
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00096-00016012-00016125 people that were getting really upset
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00097-00016126-00016316 there and a few all had to be removed
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00098-00016318-00016461 from the building so it was pretty
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00099-00016462-00016619 stressful and I had to wait there for a
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00100-00016620-00016677 few hours
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00101-00016678-00016857 so my advice any of you out there would
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00102-00016858-00017010 be do your research on the Social
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00103-00017011-00017127 Security office that you're going to
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00104-00017128-00017382 make sure that it's one where that sort
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00105-00017383-00017544 of thing isn't going to happen the next
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00106-00017545-00017664 question is where should I publish my
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00107-00017665-00017819 name change so that people won't find
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00108-00017820-00018039 the publication and come to my hearing I
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00109-00018040-00018194 personally published in L observer door
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00110-00018195-00018375 which is a Spanish newspaper in San Jose
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00111-00018376-00018569 I'm gonna give you the Arlington say I
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00112-00018570-00018708 would suggest looking for a newspaper
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00113-00018709-00018944 that's really small that's not publish
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00114-00018945-00019119 online and that's maybe published in a
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00115-00019120-00019293 different language cuz if it's online
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00116-00019294-00019452 people will probably have a much more
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00117-00019453-00019622 difficult time finding it but even if
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00118-00019623-00019749 someone does oppose I feel that the
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00119-00019750-00019902 judge would probably still grant your
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00120-00019903-00020025 name change of you and it could enough
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00121-00020026-00020193 reason the next question is do you need
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00122-00020194-00020300 to change your name on your birth
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00123-00020301-00020484 certificate you don't have to change
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00124-00020485-00020622 your name on your birth certificate I
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00125-00020623-00020802 personally did because I was worried
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00126-00020803-00020975 about my house burning down and losing
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00127-00020976-00021108 all of my documents you do have your
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00128-00021109-00021258 bursaries of change that might be a
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00129-00021259-00021284 little
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00130-00021285-00021482 easier to get than a copy of your court
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00131-00021483-00021659 order if you've lost it I think it's a
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00132-00021660-00021785 good thing to do do you live outside of
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00133-00021786-00021938 California and you don't really want to
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00134-00021939-00022067 go through that process then you
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00135-00022068-00022244 absolutely don't have to floss question
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00136-00022245-00022352 I'm against it why are you launching
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00137-00022353-00022559 your nonprofit if you watched by 2019
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00138-00022560-00022724 goals video you know one of my goals
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00139-00022725-00022901 it's starting on profit to raise money
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00140-00022902-00023078 for people's filing fees betting on
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00141-00023079-00023243 starting as soon as possible I already
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00142-00023244-00023390 bought in my domain and I'm working on
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00143-00023391-00023570 putting up a website with new guides so
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00144-00023571-00023681 that should be out by the end of the
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00145-00023682-00023828 month but I won't be able to file for
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00146-00023829-00023978 the nonprofit until I have the money for
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00147-00023979-00024152 the filing fee so I'll probably be doing
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00148-00024153-00024365 that sometime in March or April I'll be
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00149-00024366-00024500 sure to keep you all updated about that
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00150-00024501-00024707 on here and on my social media so those
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00151-00024708-00024806 are all the questions that I'm going to
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00152-00024807-00024932 answer in this video if you have any
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00153-00024933-00025058 other questions feel free to comment
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00154-00025059-00025241 down below or DME and I'll be sure to
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00155-00025242-00025376 answer them thank you all so much for
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00156-00025377-00025550 watching and stay awesome I'll see you
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00157-00025551-00026094 very soon with a new video goodbye
+tSVXSk_MLr4-00158-00026095-00026803 [Music]
+tV6m0AbLlPE-00000-00000000-00000158 excuse me i love your car what do you do
+tV6m0AbLlPE-00001-00000159-00000548 for a living i manage your mom's
+tZjvpuokn4U-00000-00000016-00000279 my dear friends today i am showing you
+tZjvpuokn4U-00001-00000280-00000455 how to
+tZjvpuokn4U-00002-00000456-00000774 login in your tyres account by the
+tZjvpuokn4U-00003-00000775-00001127 mobile and how to upgrade your id by
+tZjvpuokn4U-00004-00001128-00001487 mobile okay now i am starting you see in
+tZjvpuokn4U-00005-00001488-00001807 the browser i have written tyrus.ltd
+tZjvpuokn4U-00006-00001807-00001998 and oblique en oblique this is the
+tZjvpuokn4U-00007-00002000-00002231 browser and i've opened the tyrus site
+tZjvpuokn4U-00008-00002232-00002534 you are seeing in that and now
+tZjvpuokn4U-00009-00002535-00002671 after opening
+tZjvpuokn4U-00010-00002672-00002847 you see in the right hand corner there
+tZjvpuokn4U-00011-00002848-00003110 are two bars i am clicking on this and
+tZjvpuokn4U-00012-00003111-00003383 this is you seeing sign in then we will
+tZjvpuokn4U-00013-00003384-00003551 sign in from this
+tZjvpuokn4U-00014-00003552-00003806 tab and now here you have to place the
+tZjvpuokn4U-00015-00003807-00004286 email i am placing the email you see
+tZjvpuokn4U-00016-00004287-00004502 i am seeing and placing the email very
+tZjvpuokn4U-00017-00004503-00004783 clear clearly because you have to
+tZjvpuokn4U-00018-00004784-00005015 see the email you are placing uh should
+tZjvpuokn4U-00019-00005016-00005279 not have any capital letter so you
+tZjvpuokn4U-00020-00005280-00005575 clearly see that the email should be in
+tZjvpuokn4U-00021-00005576-00005718 the young let
+tZjvpuokn4U-00022-00005719-00005999 in the small letters and
+tZjvpuokn4U-00023-00006000-00006206 after placing your email
+tZjvpuokn4U-00024-00006207-00006486 please see that it is spelled right or
+tZjvpuokn4U-00025-00006487-00006567 not
+tZjvpuokn4U-00026-00006568-00006703 okay
+tZjvpuokn4U-00027-00006704-00007023 now after placing my email i will go to
+tZjvpuokn4U-00028-00007023-00007303 the password settings
+tZjvpuokn4U-00029-00007304-00007470 also see the password when you are
+tZjvpuokn4U-00030-00007472-00007767 placing it it is correct or not now i am
+tZjvpuokn4U-00031-00007768-00007934 placing the password
+tZjvpuokn4U-00032-00007936-00008046 and
+tZjvpuokn4U-00033-00008047-00008174 like this
+tZjvpuokn4U-00034-00008175-00008471 i will place my password
+tZjvpuokn4U-00035-00008472-00009278 and
+tZjvpuokn4U-00036-00009279-00009519 this is the placement of the password i
+tZjvpuokn4U-00037-00009520-00009735 have placed the password then you have
+tZjvpuokn4U-00038-00009736-00009967 to click on captcha it is very much
+tZjvpuokn4U-00039-00009968-00010263 important i am not a robot it it's if it
+tZjvpuokn4U-00040-00010264-00010495 clicks right then everything is okay if
+tZjvpuokn4U-00041-00010496-00010727 it clicks some pics there then you have
+tZjvpuokn4U-00042-00010728-00010903 to select the pics which are written on
+tZjvpuokn4U-00043-00010904-00011127 the top and then click on
+tZjvpuokn4U-00044-00011128-00011359 when it will be right you can click on
+tZjvpuokn4U-00045-00011360-00011774 login i am clicking on login now
+tZjvpuokn4U-00046-00011775-00012070 now we are in the id okay
+tZjvpuokn4U-00047-00012071-00012287 its dashboard is open now you can see
+tZjvpuokn4U-00048-00012288-00012478 your dashboard here all the things are
+tZjvpuokn4U-00049-00012479-00012687 there now if you want to see the
+tZjvpuokn4U-00050-00012688-00012894 dashboard internal things
+tZjvpuokn4U-00051-00012895-00013046 you are seeing in the left hand side
+tZjvpuokn4U-00052-00013047-00013319 there are three bars click on the
+tZjvpuokn4U-00053-00013319-00013558 left hand side you will see all the tabs
+tZjvpuokn4U-00054-00013559-00013783 and you can move up and down these steps
+tZjvpuokn4U-00055-00013784-00014055 okay like this you can move up and down
+tZjvpuokn4U-00056-00014056-00014407 and then general my team you can see
+tZjvpuokn4U-00057-00014408-00014575 here licenses when you will go to
+tZjvpuokn4U-00058-00014576-00014830 licenses you will see in your
+tZjvpuokn4U-00059-00014831-00015103 rings position and by licenses we have
+tZjvpuokn4U-00060-00015104-00015319 to upgrade also and when you withdraw
+tZjvpuokn4U-00061-00015319-00015671 you have to click on finance okay now we
+tZjvpuokn4U-00062-00015672-00015855 are upgrading the id so i have to click
+tZjvpuokn4U-00063-00015856-00016047 on licenses i am clicking on the
+tZjvpuokn4U-00064-00016047-00016350 licenses here the agreement we have to
+tZjvpuokn4U-00065-00016351-00016599 agree this agreement after that we have
+tZjvpuokn4U-00066-00016600-00016879 to again click on license because
+tZjvpuokn4U-00067-00016880-00017135 its company norm that you have to
+tZjvpuokn4U-00068-00017136-00017239 agree the
+tZjvpuokn4U-00069-00017240-00017447 license we are agreeing from here you
+tZjvpuokn4U-00070-00017448-00017622 have seen i have agreed again i will
+tZjvpuokn4U-00071-00017623-00017943 click here and then again on licenses
+tZjvpuokn4U-00072-00017944-00018175 now you will see the option uh get
+tZjvpuokn4U-00073-00018176-00018503 started easy dollar 10 ring okay now i
+tZjvpuokn4U-00074-00018504-00018719 will click on perfect money always go
+tZjvpuokn4U-00075-00018720-00018911 with perfect money don't go with bitcoin
+tZjvpuokn4U-00076-00018912-00019094 because bitcoin is taking more time for
+tZjvpuokn4U-00077-00019095-00019327 confirmation now i am clicking on take
+tZjvpuokn4U-00078-00019328-00019663 the place from perfect money okay it is
+tZjvpuokn4U-00079-00019664-00019927 i am clicking on take the place
+tZjvpuokn4U-00080-00019928-00020158 now it is uh it is in the site of the
+tZjvpuokn4U-00081-00020159-00020375 perfect money and you see perfect money
+tZjvpuokn4U-00082-00020376-00020719 is coming up and uh now we have to click
+tZjvpuokn4U-00083-00020720-00020967 as a perfect money account don't go for
+tZjvpuokn4U-00084-00020968-00021286 e voucher and prepaid card okay now you
+tZjvpuokn4U-00085-00021287-00021550 have to click on make payment i am
+tZjvpuokn4U-00086-00021551-00021758 clicking on make payment this is i have
+tZjvpuokn4U-00087-00021759-00021919 clicked on okay
+tZjvpuokn4U-00088-00021920-00022230 now in the remark memo you are saying
+tZjvpuokn4U-00089-00022231-00022614 here memo you write the person's email
+tZjvpuokn4U-00090-00022615-00022814 whose id you are
+tZjvpuokn4U-00091-00022815-00023007 upgrading okay
+tZjvpuokn4U-00092-00023008-00023263 be careful that you should i
+tZjvpuokn4U-00093-00023264-00023614 write the email id very clearly and
+tZjvpuokn4U-00094-00023615-00023694 take
+tZjvpuokn4U-00095-00023695-00023775 very
+tZjvpuokn4U-00096-00023776-00023911 information because
+tZjvpuokn4U-00097-00023912-00024135 this is information very important
+tZjvpuokn4U-00098-00024136-00024367 write spell out very clearly and see if
+tZjvpuokn4U-00099-00024368-00024599 the spellings are right or not
+tZjvpuokn4U-00100-00024600-00024967 i am writing it here again uh t saying b
+tZjvpuokn4U-00101-00024968-00025055 e
+tZjvpuokn4U-00102-00025056-00025158 m
+tZjvpuokn4U-00103-00025159-00025399 w
+tZjvpuokn4U-00104-00025400-00025535 we
+tZjvpuokn4U-00105-00025536-00025855 u and g this is the total spelling i
+tZjvpuokn4U-00106-00025856-00026074 have seen it and then
+tZjvpuokn4U-00107-00026075-00026543 868 it is going on and then at the rate
+tZjvpuokn4U-00108-00026544-00026679 and then
+tZjvpuokn4U-00109-00026680-00026951 z zmail.com
+tZjvpuokn4U-00110-00026952-00027143 write this in the
+tZjvpuokn4U-00111-00027144-00027455 memo area and also tyra's by this it is
+tZjvpuokn4U-00112-00027456-00027646 confirmed that you have given this
+tZjvpuokn4U-00113-00027647-00027902 payment for this email id and tyrus also
+tZjvpuokn4U-00114-00027904-00028262 okay now here we have to place our
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+tZjvpuokn4U-00119-00029216-00029711 this is my user id i am placing here and
+tZjvpuokn4U-00120-00029712-00029974 just now i am placing the my user id
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+tZjvpuokn4U-00123-00030488-00030662 okay
+tZjvpuokn4U-00124-00030663-00030862 one minute i am passing my password you
+tZjvpuokn4U-00125-00030863-00031158 see it and then
+tZjvpuokn4U-00126-00031160-00031407 i will go to upgrade
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+tZjvpuokn4U-00133-00032952-00033167 place the steering touring number very
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+tZjvpuokn4U-00160-00039808-00040039 all the information you see here that
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+tZjvpuokn4U-00173-00042559-00042774 security i have opted for the code card
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+tZjvpuokn4U-00184-00045319-00045655 here now i am submitting okay
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+tZjvpuokn4U-00186-00045959-00046062 i will
+tZjvpuokn4U-00187-00046063-00046374 take the screenshot of this screen okay
+tZjvpuokn4U-00188-00046375-00046630 i have taken the screenshot and now
+tZjvpuokn4U-00189-00046631-00046815 continue
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+tZjvpuokn4U-00191-00047047-00047335 continue clearing you see here history
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+tZjvpuokn4U-00203-00050016-00050255 whole process how to upgrade your id by
+tZjvpuokn4U-00204-00050256-00050763 mobile okay my dear friends bye
+tc_p2ZEio74-00000-00000199-00001087 [Music]
+tc_p2ZEio74-00001-00001088-00001452 thank you
+tc_p2ZEio74-00002-00001453-00001668 [Music]
+tc_p2ZEio74-00003-00001669-00001753 [Applause]
+tc_p2ZEio74-00004-00001754-00002537 [Music]
+tc_p2ZEio74-00005-00002538-00003535 [Music]
+tc_p2ZEio74-00006-00003536-00004103 [Music]
+tc_p2ZEio74-00007-00004104-00005474 foreign
+tc_p2ZEio74-00008-00005475-00007812 [Music]
+tc_p2ZEio74-00010-00011515-00011764 thank you
+tc_p2ZEio74-00011-00011765-00011858 foreign
+tc_p2ZEio74-00012-00011859-00014513 [Music]
+tc_p2ZEio74-00013-00014513-00015171 [Music]
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+tc_p2ZEio74-00016-00020234-00020662 thank you
+tc_p2ZEio74-00017-00020663-00021817 [Music]
+tc_p2ZEio74-00018-00021818-00022118 thank you
+tcIikTlH2SY-00000-00000150-00000539 so I came up with this and this just
+tcIikTlH2SY-00001-00000540-00000682 basically tells me if someone has
+tcIikTlH2SY-00002-00000683-00000958 visited the site like for example if I
+tcIikTlH2SY-00003-00000959-00001300 refresh and I visited the site
+tcIikTlH2SY-00004-00001301-00001702 it just logs it here
+tcIikTlH2SY-00005-00001703-00002002 that I have listed it since I refreshed
+tcIikTlH2SY-00006-00002003-00002284 it and it had to load twice so
+tcIikTlH2SY-00007-00002285-00002591 you get it
+tcIikTlH2SY-00008-00002592-00002915 so I'm just gonna delete all of this
+tcIikTlH2SY-00009-00002916-00003208 and then wait for somebody to visit the
+tcIikTlH2SY-00010-00003209-00003551 site so I'll hopefully know if site is
+tcIikTlH2SY-00011-00003552-00003922 out live properly or not
+tcIikTlH2SY-00012-00003923-00004178 okay
+tdJJA0IEHpY-00000-00000078-00000188 foreign
+tdJJA0IEHpY-00001-00000189-00002981 [Music]
+tdJJA0IEHpY-00002-00002982-00003200 foreign
+teKuoVOC8KY-00000-00000529-00000893 you have fallen into Event Horizon with
+teKuoVOC8KY-00001-00000894-00001143 John Michael godier
+teKuoVOC8KY-00002-00001144-00002489 [Music]
+teKuoVOC8KY-00003-00002490-00002734 in today's episode John is joined by
+teKuoVOC8KY-00004-00002735-00003047 Brett kugelmas Brett kugelmess is the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00005-00003048-00003269 founder and chief executive officer of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00006-00003270-00003569 last energy a Visionary entrepreneur and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00007-00003570-00003790 engineer he has been a leading voice on
+teKuoVOC8KY-00008-00003792-00004043 the essential role nuclear energy plays
+teKuoVOC8KY-00009-00004044-00004295 in achieving deep decarbonization and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00010-00004296-00004595 energy security for the near future in
+teKuoVOC8KY-00011-00004596-00004913 2017 he founded the energy Impact Center
+teKuoVOC8KY-00012-00004914-00005213 a Washington dc-based Research Institute
+teKuoVOC8KY-00013-00005214-00005483 over the course of five years EIC
+teKuoVOC8KY-00014-00005484-00005765 engaged in intense Global industry in
+teKuoVOC8KY-00015-00005766-00006004 governmental collaboration becoming an
+teKuoVOC8KY-00016-00006005-00006220 internationally regarded thought leader
+teKuoVOC8KY-00017-00006221-00006431 on the role of nuclear power in
+teKuoVOC8KY-00018-00006431-00006634 accelerating the transition to clean
+teKuoVOC8KY-00019-00006636-00006892 energy he navigated the organizational
+teKuoVOC8KY-00020-00006893-00007156 transition leading EIC to become a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00021-00007158-00007367 full-fledged commercial developer of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00022-00007368-00007667 small modular reactors emerging as last
+teKuoVOC8KY-00023-00007668-00007955 energy with a girl of revolutionizing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00024-00007956-00008141 the delivery model for nuclear power
+teKuoVOC8KY-00025-00008142-00008392 last energy aims to accelerate the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00026-00008393-00008609 global energy transition to Abundant
+teKuoVOC8KY-00027-00008610-00008849 clean power ushering a new future of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00028-00008850-00008995 human
+teKuoVOC8KY-00029-00008996-00009328 welcome to the program great to be here
+teKuoVOC8KY-00030-00009329-00009574 now Brett the great one of the great
+teKuoVOC8KY-00031-00009575-00009905 achievements of human civilization was
+teKuoVOC8KY-00032-00009906-00010169 the harnessing of the atom and it didn't
+teKuoVOC8KY-00033-00010170-00010331 start out so well but it turned out to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00034-00010332-00010624 be something of immense use and energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00035-00010625-00010846 production something that we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00036-00010847-00011153 exponentially are requiring increasing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00037-00011154-00011363 amounts of energy and we need to do it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00038-00011364-00011560 cleanly we have a planetary problem to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00039-00011561-00012059 fix it seems time to re-examine nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00040-00012060-00012269 energy how do we do that and more
+teKuoVOC8KY-00041-00012270-00012503 importantly before we get to that is why
+teKuoVOC8KY-00042-00012504-00012683 aren't we why don't we have a planet
+teKuoVOC8KY-00043-00012684-00012922 full of nuclear reactors right now why
+teKuoVOC8KY-00044-00012923-00013157 is this what what actually stopped the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00045-00013158-00013379 progress in nuclear energy uh
+teKuoVOC8KY-00046-00013380-00013577 development that's a great question and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00047-00013578-00013715 that's also the right question to be
+teKuoVOC8KY-00048-00013716-00013841 asking because like when you look around
+teKuoVOC8KY-00049-00013841-00014183 it's 10 of world electricity four
+teKuoVOC8KY-00050-00014184-00014435 percent of all energy produced on planet
+teKuoVOC8KY-00051-00014436-00014722 Earth twenty percent of U.S electricity
+teKuoVOC8KY-00052-00014723-00014908 most people don't realize this like it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00053-00014909-00015065 it's not as if it was this like little
+teKuoVOC8KY-00054-00015066-00015263 thing that we tried and didn't work it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00055-00015263-00015551 is this thing that we've proven I mean
+teKuoVOC8KY-00056-00015552-00015713 some countries have just gone I mean
+teKuoVOC8KY-00057-00015713-00015935 like France when you know 80 nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00058-00015936-00016163 South Korea Sweden half nuclear each
+teKuoVOC8KY-00059-00016163-00016391 it's like it's it like it's been
+teKuoVOC8KY-00060-00016392-00016758 demonstrated as this incredibly
+teKuoVOC8KY-00061-00016759-00017099 useful energy source in terms of its
+teKuoVOC8KY-00062-00017100-00017291 stability it you know the security that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00063-00017292-00017513 it provides for a nation in terms of its
+teKuoVOC8KY-00064-00017514-00017722 clean energy benefits in terms of its
+teKuoVOC8KY-00065-00017723-00017879 Low Land consumption I mean it's just
+teKuoVOC8KY-00066-00017880-00018208 it's incredible in so many ways and it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00067-00018209-00018479 scaled up to like non not insignificant
+teKuoVOC8KY-00068-00018480-00018713 percentages of global energy it's like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00069-00018714-00018899 why not just take it all the way right
+teKuoVOC8KY-00070-00018900-00019277 why not take it from 10 to 100 and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00071-00019278-00019444 totally decarbonize the whole planet I
+teKuoVOC8KY-00072-00019445-00019613 mean that's pretty easy to conceptualize
+teKuoVOC8KY-00073-00019614-00019780 right if you were to say hey everyone
+teKuoVOC8KY-00074-00019781-00019930 everywhere there's where there's one
+teKuoVOC8KY-00075-00019931-00020105 nuclear building where by the way
+teKuoVOC8KY-00076-00020106-00020255 there's always plenty of land around it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00077-00020256-00020441 too just put nine of those buildings and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00078-00020442-00020603 all of a sudden we've totally
+teKuoVOC8KY-00079-00020604-00020764 decarbonized the whole planet that's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00080-00020765-00021053 like pretty amazing and yet we don't do
+teKuoVOC8KY-00081-00021054-00021347 it so what's going on there I spent six
+teKuoVOC8KY-00082-00021348-00021544 years now digging into that exact
+teKuoVOC8KY-00083-00021545-00021863 question you know the first two under uh
+teKuoVOC8KY-00084-00021864-00022078 Under the Umbrella of a research
+teKuoVOC8KY-00085-00022079-00022253 organization I founded the energy Impact
+teKuoVOC8KY-00086-00022254-00022517 Center and then these last four uh you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00087-00022518-00022685 know as a commercial entity you know
+teKuoVOC8KY-00088-00022686-00022817 last energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00089-00022818-00023014 and the conclusion we came to pretty
+teKuoVOC8KY-00090-00023015-00023350 early on was that the nuclear industry
+teKuoVOC8KY-00091-00023351-00023572 was Its Own Worst Enemy the nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00092-00023573-00023753 industry itself was the cause of the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00093-00023754-00024149 stagnation not uh not you know what you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00094-00024150-00024269 know what other people would ascribe to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00095-00024270-00024419 like okay the environmentalists or the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00096-00024420-00024628 oil and gas industry there's none of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00097-00024629-00024811 this you know surreptitious
+teKuoVOC8KY-00098-00024812-00025139 uh you know conspiracy is as to what
+teKuoVOC8KY-00099-00025140-00025271 brought down nuclear and the only
+teKuoVOC8KY-00100-00025272-00025505 explanation actually does make sense is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00101-00025506-00025793 that it was a market-based incentives
+teKuoVOC8KY-00102-00025794-00026017 led to what I call the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00103-00026018-00026261 self-cannibalization of nuclear power
+teKuoVOC8KY-00104-00026262-00026483 plant development as the industry
+teKuoVOC8KY-00105-00026483-00026668 engaged in like pretty predictable
+teKuoVOC8KY-00106-00026669-00026890 rent-seeking behaviors as economists
+teKuoVOC8KY-00107-00026891-00027070 would call it and then it's just
+teKuoVOC8KY-00108-00027072-00027245 remained stuck for decades and now it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00109-00027245-00027377 you know here's our opportunity to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00110-00027377-00027689 unstick it now unsticking it the biggest
+teKuoVOC8KY-00111-00027689-00027929 objection I've heard over the years from
+teKuoVOC8KY-00112-00027930-00028145 many people regarding nuclear energy is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00113-00028145-00028355 that building plants are is just so
+teKuoVOC8KY-00114-00028356-00028612 expensive they're right but they're
+teKuoVOC8KY-00115-00028613-00028883 right but does it have to be so exactly
+teKuoVOC8KY-00116-00028883-00029087 that and that I mean listen you were
+teKuoVOC8KY-00117-00029088-00029243 asking just the right questions in just
+teKuoVOC8KY-00118-00029244-00029507 the right way yeah that is a real
+teKuoVOC8KY-00119-00029508-00029789 problem it takes too long to build and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00120-00029789-00030005 they're too expensive and yeah if you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00121-00030006-00030124 were to like look at the recent
+teKuoVOC8KY-00122-00030125-00030245 performance of nuclear power plant
+teKuoVOC8KY-00123-00030245-00030412 development you say this is not a viable
+teKuoVOC8KY-00124-00030413-00030689 solution so why am I so confident then
+teKuoVOC8KY-00125-00030689-00030917 that it is not just a viable solution it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00126-00030918-00031157 is the solution well if we look
+teKuoVOC8KY-00127-00031158-00031318 historically at what it costs to build
+teKuoVOC8KY-00128-00031319-00031531 these power plants to is the cheapest
+teKuoVOC8KY-00129-00031532-00031835 fastest way to scale up energy ever
+teKuoVOC8KY-00130-00031836-00032129 known to mankind and we've only made it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00131-00032130-00032405 worse and worse over time but if you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00132-00032406-00032639 look at you know there's these this pair
+teKuoVOC8KY-00133-00032639-00032831 of reactors you know Point Beach one and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00134-00032832-00033173 two out in Wisconsin you know 500 to 600
+teKuoVOC8KY-00135-00033174-00033479 megawatts each right so a little over
+teKuoVOC8KY-00136-00033480-00033737 1100 megawatts in total they built them
+teKuoVOC8KY-00137-00033738-00033940 for under a thousand dollars a kilowatt
+teKuoVOC8KY-00138-00033941-00034168 which is like ridiculously cheap and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00139-00034169-00034385 that's all inflation indexed and they
+teKuoVOC8KY-00140-00034386-00034607 built them in under three years that's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00141-00034608-00034840 1100 megawatts and today when we build
+teKuoVOC8KY-00142-00034841-00035093 1100 megawatts it costs 10 times as much
+teKuoVOC8KY-00143-00035094-00035393 and takes five times as long
+teKuoVOC8KY-00144-00035394-00035555 um so we're just doing it wrong and we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00145-00035556-00035795 have an exact proof we have empirical
+teKuoVOC8KY-00146-00035796-00035999 evidence on how to do it right and what
+teKuoVOC8KY-00147-00036000-00036209 is that evidence I mean how in in Your
+teKuoVOC8KY-00148-00036210-00036467 Vision how do we do it right well here's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00149-00036468-00036659 the problem we've created like a legal
+teKuoVOC8KY-00150-00036660-00036952 construct that no longer allows us to do
+teKuoVOC8KY-00151-00036953-00037229 what we did historically so historically
+teKuoVOC8KY-00152-00037230-00037451 what they built were these really simple
+teKuoVOC8KY-00153-00037452-00037601 I mean they look pretty much like a coal
+teKuoVOC8KY-00154-00037602-00037795 plant except you swap out the hot rock
+teKuoVOC8KY-00155-00037796-00038062 really simple structures pretty small
+teKuoVOC8KY-00156-00038063-00038189 structures
+teKuoVOC8KY-00157-00038190-00038579 not much to it and no craziness and that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00158-00038580-00038927 works right these like 500-ish 550-ish
+teKuoVOC8KY-00159-00038928-00039196 megawatt reactors and just do that and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00160-00039197-00039311 then when you get to this point where
+teKuoVOC8KY-00161-00039312-00039449 you keep building them bigger and bigger
+teKuoVOC8KY-00162-00039450-00039677 you get all of these like hidden costs
+teKuoVOC8KY-00163-00039678-00039952 crop up that you didn't expect including
+teKuoVOC8KY-00164-00039953-00040115 even the cost of capital which most
+teKuoVOC8KY-00165-00040116-00040252 Engineers don't even think about because
+teKuoVOC8KY-00166-00040253-00040415 they're not Financial Engineers they're
+teKuoVOC8KY-00167-00040416-00040612 mechanical engineers and so they're not
+teKuoVOC8KY-00168-00040613-00040871 thinking about like how just making a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00169-00040872-00040996 bigger system
+teKuoVOC8KY-00170-00040997-00041207 costs more from a strictly Financial
+teKuoVOC8KY-00171-00041208-00041368 perspective
+teKuoVOC8KY-00172-00041369-00041537 but so that's one way to do it is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00173-00041538-00041843 literally what we built in 1968 like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00174-00041844-00041993 those reactors were amazing you could
+teKuoVOC8KY-00175-00041994-00042167 build them all around the world it would
+teKuoVOC8KY-00176-00042168-00042311 be simple it'd be fast and it would be
+teKuoVOC8KY-00177-00042312-00042623 the solution but we have changed the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00178-00042624-00042862 rules of the game such that you cannot
+teKuoVOC8KY-00179-00042863-00043030 build that if I were to like look at an
+teKuoVOC8KY-00180-00043031-00043217 operating reactor today that is deemed
+teKuoVOC8KY-00181-00043218-00043409 totally viable by every regulatory
+teKuoVOC8KY-00182-00043410-00043630 authority to run today that point Peach
+teKuoVOC8KY-00183-00043631-00043811 one and two example
+teKuoVOC8KY-00184-00043812-00043973 um and I were to ask for permission to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00185-00043974-00044237 build it exactly bolt for both concrete
+teKuoVOC8KY-00186-00044238-00044399 for concrete everything you know turbine
+teKuoVOC8KY-00187-00044400-00044568 for Turbine everything the exact same
+teKuoVOC8KY-00188-00044569-00044843 the regulatory authorities would not let
+teKuoVOC8KY-00189-00044844-00045017 you do that they wouldn't it wouldn't
+teKuoVOC8KY-00190-00045018-00045317 even come close to letting you do that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00191-00045318-00045508 um yet they let those reactors run and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00192-00045509-00045708 so there's just like this huge
+teKuoVOC8KY-00193-00045709-00046127 incongruity between uh what our uh
+teKuoVOC8KY-00194-00046128-00046355 regulations permit
+teKuoVOC8KY-00195-00046356-00046708 uh and you know and what your uh like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00196-00046709-00046865 and like what is like a practical
+teKuoVOC8KY-00197-00046866-00047093 feasible like logical or implementation
+teKuoVOC8KY-00198-00047094-00047423 strategy so what we have decided so I'll
+teKuoVOC8KY-00199-00047424-00047537 take a break there because I've been
+teKuoVOC8KY-00200-00047538-00047693 talking a while but then I'll get to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00201-00047694-00047879 like what we have done to fix this
+teKuoVOC8KY-00202-00047880-00048065 problem if not just do the most logical
+teKuoVOC8KY-00203-00048066-00048274 thing that we already see out there
+teKuoVOC8KY-00204-00048275-00048496 well let's get in directly into that as
+teKuoVOC8KY-00205-00048497-00048701 far as all right so we can build simple
+teKuoVOC8KY-00206-00048702-00048917 reactors that work can we build them
+teKuoVOC8KY-00207-00048918-00049217 small and can we build them cheaply and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00208-00049218-00049433 do it that way as opposed to you know
+teKuoVOC8KY-00209-00049434-00049612 break the thinking yeah of of the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00210-00049613-00049871 gigantic Mega plant type of uh thinking
+teKuoVOC8KY-00211-00049872-00050140 now what can we do in a modular way a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00212-00050141-00050405 way to make nuclear reactors cheap and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00213-00050406-00050639 available and safe exactly exactly
+teKuoVOC8KY-00214-00050640-00050933 exactly so yeah so okay so let's think
+teKuoVOC8KY-00215-00050934-00051196 about if we can't build these these 550
+teKuoVOC8KY-00216-00051197-00051419 megawatt reactors that were just like so
+teKuoVOC8KY-00217-00051420-00051670 simple and so affordable and so fast to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00218-00051671-00051875 build because the rules don't allow it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00219-00051876-00052102 anymore oh how else can you achieve
+teKuoVOC8KY-00220-00052103-00052282 these cost efficiencies and time
+teKuoVOC8KY-00221-00052283-00052511 efficiencies well instead of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00222-00052512-00052757 capitalizing on economy of scale of size
+teKuoVOC8KY-00223-00052758-00052973 right which obviously like rakes at a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00224-00052974-00053141 certain point the gigawatts you're not
+teKuoVOC8KY-00225-00053141-00053357 getting economies of scale size but 550
+teKuoVOC8KY-00226-00053358-00053566 megawatts you are you have to go to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00227-00053567-00053794 economies of scale of many and so this
+teKuoVOC8KY-00228-00053795-00054065 is our strategy to get as cheap as the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00229-00054066-00054282 economies of scale of size of the 550
+teKuoVOC8KY-00230-00054283-00054509 megawatts what we have to do is we have
+teKuoVOC8KY-00231-00054510-00054791 to build a lot of smaller ones that are
+teKuoVOC8KY-00232-00054791-00054976 feasible under the current regulatory
+teKuoVOC8KY-00233-00054977-00055307 construct so we have decided to take the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00234-00055308-00055541 standard pwr technology shrink it down
+teKuoVOC8KY-00235-00055541-00055709 to 20 megawatts put all the extra
+teKuoVOC8KY-00236-00055710-00055865 systems in so it conforms to today's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00237-00055866-00056209 regulatory standards but use modular
+teKuoVOC8KY-00238-00056210-00056465 Manufacturing in order to be able to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00239-00056466-00056687 ramp up production of them such the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00240-00056688-00056837 point that we can bring the per unit
+teKuoVOC8KY-00241-00056838-00057125 cost back down to what you'd achieve
+teKuoVOC8KY-00242-00057126-00057280 very simply from the economies of scale
+teKuoVOC8KY-00243-00057282-00057629 of size with a 550 megawatt ones so yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-00244-00057629-00057815 so Our intention of the last energy is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00245-00057816-00058000 to take the standard technology and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00246-00058001-00058223 focus on replication build as many as
+teKuoVOC8KY-00247-00058224-00058361 possible and the way that we're going to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00248-00058362-00058649 do that affordably is the same strategy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00249-00058650-00058853 that you know Tesla employed when they
+teKuoVOC8KY-00250-00058854-00058997 were starting making cars they sold a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00251-00058998-00059225 very expensive car as a premium product
+teKuoVOC8KY-00252-00059226-00059530 the Roadster two higher customers who
+teKuoVOC8KY-00253-00059532-00059735 are willing to pay more until they got
+teKuoVOC8KY-00254-00059736-00059969 the hang of making not just one or two
+teKuoVOC8KY-00255-00059970-00060197 or a thousand cars but many thousands of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00256-00060198-00060376 cars and then they can you have these
+teKuoVOC8KY-00257-00060377-00060575 manufacturing facilities and processes
+teKuoVOC8KY-00258-00060576-00060791 and supply chain efficiencies in place
+teKuoVOC8KY-00259-00060791-00060959 to be able to deliver a lower cost
+teKuoVOC8KY-00260-00060960-00061109 product than the model S than the model
+teKuoVOC8KY-00261-00061110-00061276 3. and so we're going to follow that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00262-00061277-00061571 same Playbook with our last energy 20
+teKuoVOC8KY-00263-00061572-00061775 megawatt reactors they're going to be
+teKuoVOC8KY-00264-00061776-00061973 expensive to begin with but we found a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00265-00061974-00062111 set of customers we've been very
+teKuoVOC8KY-00266-00062112-00062321 successful at finding customers that are
+teKuoVOC8KY-00267-00062322-00062494 willing to pay more money because of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00268-00062495-00062729 their unique circumstances and those are
+teKuoVOC8KY-00269-00062729-00062885 who are going to get our first 100 power
+teKuoVOC8KY-00270-00062886-00063107 plants and only then when we have the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00271-00063108-00063316 manufacturing Factory and supply chain
+teKuoVOC8KY-00272-00063317-00063623 efficiencies and internal processes and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00273-00063624-00063766 have reduced our own cost of capital
+teKuoVOC8KY-00274-00063767-00063982 only then are we going to be delivering
+teKuoVOC8KY-00275-00063983-00064235 a more affordable version to the more
+teKuoVOC8KY-00276-00064236-00064421 price sensitive customers and we're
+teKuoVOC8KY-00277-00064422-00064535 going to keep following that Playbook
+teKuoVOC8KY-00278-00064536-00064811 until we get 10 000 nuclear reactors to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00279-00064812-00064997 put across the world now once you have
+teKuoVOC8KY-00280-00064998-00065188 that in operation 10 000 nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00281-00065189-00065350 reactors does that solve our energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00282-00065351-00065567 problem we obviously can build more as
+teKuoVOC8KY-00283-00065568-00065843 needed but is that is that it I mean
+teKuoVOC8KY-00284-00065844-00066215 would that do it yeah so not really not
+teKuoVOC8KY-00285-00066216-00066443 the small ones at some point you have to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00286-00066444-00066773 increase in size again but my theory is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00287-00066774-00066959 build a bunch of small ones to get
+teKuoVOC8KY-00288-00066960-00067319 practice building stuff then you find a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00289-00067320-00067565 location in the world that doesn't have
+teKuoVOC8KY-00290-00067566-00067871 the same regulatory burden that we've
+teKuoVOC8KY-00291-00067872-00068105 self-inflicted on bigger scale reactors
+teKuoVOC8KY-00292-00068106-00068309 that make them cost prohibitive at this
+teKuoVOC8KY-00293-00068310-00068500 point and we can get into what those
+teKuoVOC8KY-00294-00068501-00068759 nuances are in a little bit but then you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00295-00068760-00069047 build a bunch of big ones and you create
+teKuoVOC8KY-00296-00069048-00069275 these energy islands and use these
+teKuoVOC8KY-00297-00069276-00069485 energy Islands to produce synthetic
+teKuoVOC8KY-00298-00069486-00069761 fuels carbon negative materials and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00299-00069762-00070025 that's how you decarbonize going we're
+teKuoVOC8KY-00300-00070026-00070331 going small to go many to go big to go
+teKuoVOC8KY-00301-00070332-00070594 to a carbon economy that's that's our
+teKuoVOC8KY-00302-00070595-00070871 plan as a company that's very nice I
+teKuoVOC8KY-00303-00070872-00071021 really like the idea and I'm glad
+teKuoVOC8KY-00304-00071022-00071267 someone's doing it finally I've I've
+teKuoVOC8KY-00305-00071268-00071561 languished in this this sort of 30-year
+teKuoVOC8KY-00306-00071562-00071806 period of of just knowing that we were
+teKuoVOC8KY-00307-00071807-00072106 we had an energy solution that we were
+teKuoVOC8KY-00308-00072107-00072256 not pursuing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00309-00072257-00072455 and it was actually the point where it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00310-00072456-00072629 really was unpopular to even talk about
+teKuoVOC8KY-00311-00072630-00072887 it yeah I know nuclear energy and I I'm
+teKuoVOC8KY-00312-00072888-00073109 hoping we're past that because if we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00313-00073110-00073241 would have
+teKuoVOC8KY-00314-00073242-00073450 pursued nuclear energy and continue to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00315-00073451-00073732 pursue it from 1970 until now we might
+teKuoVOC8KY-00316-00073733-00073900 not have so much of a carbon problem
+teKuoVOC8KY-00317-00073901-00074093 would you agree with that totally yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-00318-00074094-00074249 yeah I mean yeah it would be an honest
+teKuoVOC8KY-00319-00074250-00074435 show but I think even there's something
+teKuoVOC8KY-00320-00074436-00074555 even more important because sometimes we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00321-00074556-00074741 get too focused on climate like I think
+teKuoVOC8KY-00322-00074742-00074963 just as important is like energy poverty
+teKuoVOC8KY-00323-00074964-00075131 and like bringing the whole world out of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00324-00075132-00075281 poverty and creating like an energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00325-00075282-00075497 abundant world I mean climate change
+teKuoVOC8KY-00326-00075498-00075815 will hurt like a billion people in one
+teKuoVOC8KY-00327-00075816-00075965 way or another but energy poverty
+teKuoVOC8KY-00328-00075966-00076217 already hurts a billion people now so
+teKuoVOC8KY-00329-00076218-00076373 it's like we gotta like we gotta think
+teKuoVOC8KY-00330-00076374-00076535 about energy poverty in addition to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00331-00076536-00076750 climate well that is yeah that's an
+teKuoVOC8KY-00332-00076751-00076991 entire problem because the the basically
+teKuoVOC8KY-00333-00076992-00077255 the the start of getting developing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00334-00077256-00077488 country into an advanced country
+teKuoVOC8KY-00335-00077489-00077717 economically is invariably going to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00336-00077718-00077885 involve energy there's just no way
+teKuoVOC8KY-00337-00077886-00078082 around that and exactly everything from
+teKuoVOC8KY-00338-00078083-00078293 food production everything is in this
+teKuoVOC8KY-00339-00078294-00078700 chain and if we had a cheap source of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00340-00078701-00078988 energy that could be deployed to any
+teKuoVOC8KY-00341-00078989-00079181 country in the world uh you know put one
+teKuoVOC8KY-00342-00079182-00079421 in Antarctica you want uh you then
+teKuoVOC8KY-00343-00079422-00079600 that's the game changer because it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00344-00079601-00079787 allows human progress to continue
+teKuoVOC8KY-00345-00079788-00080032 unabated without tightening the belts or
+teKuoVOC8KY-00346-00080033-00080194 anything like that and whenever you do
+teKuoVOC8KY-00347-00080195-00080393 that you're obviously punishing the the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00348-00080394-00080650 poorest people the most this gives us
+teKuoVOC8KY-00349-00080651-00080897 way past that but what everybody's going
+teKuoVOC8KY-00350-00080898-00081185 to ask about in the comments is safety
+teKuoVOC8KY-00351-00081186-00081461 sure and I want to note that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00352-00081462-00081797 look we've had many many many years of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00353-00081798-00082025 development and thinking on the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00354-00082026-00082193 engineering of nuclear power plants
+teKuoVOC8KY-00355-00082194-00082456 they're not what they used to be and the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00356-00082457-00082582 fact is we can probably make them
+teKuoVOC8KY-00357-00082583-00082756 foolproof and safe now wouldn't you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00358-00082757-00082997 agree with that in that the the age of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00359-00082998-00083350 the nuclear disaster is over I disagree
+teKuoVOC8KY-00360-00083351-00083638 with the underlying premise of your
+teKuoVOC8KY-00361-00083639-00083782 sentiment that there was something wrong
+teKuoVOC8KY-00362-00083783-00084071 with the old reactors I actually think
+teKuoVOC8KY-00363-00084072-00084299 that we have totally misbranded the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00364-00084300-00084544 hazard around what is a nuclear meltdown
+teKuoVOC8KY-00365-00084545-00084850 altogether nuclear meltdowns do not hurt
+teKuoVOC8KY-00366-00084851-00085144 people they are not catastrophes anyone
+teKuoVOC8KY-00367-00085145-00085306 who tells you otherwise has simply not
+teKuoVOC8KY-00368-00085307-00085462 looked at the data we should first
+teKuoVOC8KY-00369-00085463-00085612 separate Chernobyl which was actually
+teKuoVOC8KY-00370-00085613-00085744 not a nuclear meltdown that was a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00371-00085745-00085991 nuclear explosion and a different kind
+teKuoVOC8KY-00372-00085992-00086243 of reactor too yeah they said that was a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00373-00086244-00086381 that was a what was it a graphite
+teKuoVOC8KY-00374-00086382-00086525 reactor that's yeah it's a different
+teKuoVOC8KY-00375-00086526-00086735 thing and it was a dual purpose so that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00376-00086736-00086981 reactor was designed to make plutonium
+teKuoVOC8KY-00377-00086982-00087244 to make bombs to destroy America let's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00378-00087245-00087419 just like remember that and like so the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00379-00087420-00087611 Indus real accident that happened there
+teKuoVOC8KY-00380-00087612-00087947 was a bomb making factory okay and that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00381-00087948-00088085 is a totally different type of reactor
+teKuoVOC8KY-00382-00088086-00088397 exactly when there's a meltdown it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00383-00088398-00088553 implies that it's like a water-based
+teKuoVOC8KY-00384-00088554-00088715 reactor right so the water boils off
+teKuoVOC8KY-00385-00088716-00088882 actually the main nuclear action
+teKuoVOC8KY-00386-00088883-00089105 reaction stops at that point but there's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00387-00089106-00089309 still residual heat and that residual
+teKuoVOC8KY-00388-00089310-00089537 heat starts melting the internal
+teKuoVOC8KY-00389-00089538-00089711 structures including the fuel and that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00390-00089712-00089921 is what creates the Meltdown meltdowns
+teKuoVOC8KY-00391-00089922-00090076 don't hurt people and we've got four
+teKuoVOC8KY-00392-00090077-00090281 examples of meltdowns in which there
+teKuoVOC8KY-00393-00090282-00090431 wasn't a single injury The Three Mile
+teKuoVOC8KY-00394-00090432-00090718 Island Fukushima one Fukushima 2 and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00395-00090719-00090959 Fukushima three these are gigawatt scale
+teKuoVOC8KY-00396-00090960-00091259 so big old plants meltdown and nobody
+teKuoVOC8KY-00397-00091260-00091471 gets hurt
+teKuoVOC8KY-00398-00091472-00091738 example of every single safety system
+teKuoVOC8KY-00399-00091739-00091894 failing so it's not like oh these mad
+teKuoVOC8KY-00400-00091895-00092068 thank God these magical Safety Systems
+teKuoVOC8KY-00401-00092069-00092249 helped us otherwise it would have been a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00402-00092250-00092500 catastrophe every single safety system
+teKuoVOC8KY-00403-00092501-00092747 failed and still no one got hurt because
+teKuoVOC8KY-00404-00092748-00092987 a meltdown is not a hazardous event to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00405-00092988-00093143 begin with and that is what everyone has
+teKuoVOC8KY-00406-00093144-00093305 wrong so no I'm not going to sit here
+teKuoVOC8KY-00407-00093306-00093538 and disparage the old nuclear industry
+teKuoVOC8KY-00408-00093539-00093809 and say for technology purposes and say
+teKuoVOC8KY-00409-00093810-00094018 my technology is better I'm gonna say it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00410-00094019-00094199 was never a problem to begin with and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00411-00094200-00094468 our technology is able to bring in
+teKuoVOC8KY-00412-00094469-00094685 affordable nuclear power plant to Market
+teKuoVOC8KY-00413-00094686-00094967 in today's era it brings up things too
+teKuoVOC8KY-00414-00094968-00095176 that it that industry got such a bad
+teKuoVOC8KY-00415-00095177-00095375 image and you had things like the the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00416-00095376-00095688 movie The China Syndrome and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00417-00095689-00095968 I'll let you explain the problems with
+teKuoVOC8KY-00418-00095969-00096191 ideas like The China Syndrome yeah and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00419-00096192-00096293 once again I'll offer a bit of a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00420-00096294-00096562 heterodox thesis here like the bad image
+teKuoVOC8KY-00421-00096563-00096737 of the nuclear industry came from the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00422-00096738-00097012 nuclear industry so so this The China
+teKuoVOC8KY-00423-00097013-00097168 Syndrome was a movie that was all about
+teKuoVOC8KY-00424-00097169-00097361 fear of like a nuclear meltdown and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00425-00097362-00097493 Three Mile Island happened like right
+teKuoVOC8KY-00426-00097494-00097697 after that movie came out and so people
+teKuoVOC8KY-00427-00097698-00097997 conflate those two events with the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00428-00097998-00098200 downfall of the nuclear industry but the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00429-00098201-00098368 nuclear industry was dead before those
+teKuoVOC8KY-00430-00098369-00098549 came out like before the movie came out
+teKuoVOC8KY-00431-00098550-00098705 before the Meltdown happened the nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00432-00098706-00098873 industry was already dead you could you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00433-00098874-00098981 can we can look through the old
+teKuoVOC8KY-00434-00098982-00099100 contracts and show they were all
+teKuoVOC8KY-00435-00099101-00099323 canceled before that happened so
+teKuoVOC8KY-00436-00099324-00099515 obviously it had nothing to do with the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00437-00099516-00099671 end of the industry but what it did have
+teKuoVOC8KY-00438-00099672-00099809 to do with was the birth of a new
+teKuoVOC8KY-00439-00099810-00100012 industry an industry that didn't sell
+teKuoVOC8KY-00440-00100013-00100205 nuclear reactors but one that sold a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00441-00100206-00100468 fear of nuclear reactors so the nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00442-00100469-00100649 industry did after Three Mile Island
+teKuoVOC8KY-00443-00100650-00100841 looking around and saying shoot our old
+teKuoVOC8KY-00444-00100842-00101111 business was like totally gone before
+teKuoVOC8KY-00445-00101112-00101405 this we need a new business they looked
+teKuoVOC8KY-00446-00101406-00101621 around saw people were afraid of nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00447-00101622-00101771 instead of doing what a healthy industry
+teKuoVOC8KY-00448-00101772-00102005 does and help quell those fears they
+teKuoVOC8KY-00449-00102006-00102161 leaned into them and they said you're
+teKuoVOC8KY-00450-00102162-00102388 right public nuclear accents are the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00451-00102389-00102599 scariest thing now let us come in and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00452-00102600-00102784 sell upgrades to all of the existing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00453-00102785-00102965 nuclear plants and in order to make them
+teKuoVOC8KY-00454-00102966-00103156 safe for you and that's when nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00455-00103157-00103366 safety culture began and that's when
+teKuoVOC8KY-00456-00103367-00103589 this self-cannibalization rent seeking
+teKuoVOC8KY-00457-00103590-00103877 Behavior really first ticked off in
+teKuoVOC8KY-00458-00103878-00103966 terms of the nuclear industry
+teKuoVOC8KY-00459-00103967-00104230 repositioning themselves to say trust us
+teKuoVOC8KY-00460-00104231-00104399 nuclear energy is dangerous and we're
+teKuoVOC8KY-00461-00104400-00104597 going to sell you Safety Systems to fix
+teKuoVOC8KY-00462-00104598-00104728 it and that's what they've been doing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00463-00104729-00104963 for the last 40 years scaring the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00464-00104964-00105149 out of everyone and making tons of money
+teKuoVOC8KY-00465-00105150-00105365 along the way but making it very
+teKuoVOC8KY-00466-00105366-00105599 difficult to build new reactors that's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00467-00105600-00105916 that's that's just a dumbfounding yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-00468-00105917-00106102 when uni realized what actually happened
+teKuoVOC8KY-00469-00106103-00106360 now another question people are going to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00470-00106361-00106523 ask is what do we do with waste what do
+teKuoVOC8KY-00471-00106524-00106666 we do with the spent rods now I want to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00472-00106667-00106816 point something out here really quickly
+teKuoVOC8KY-00473-00106817-00107057 yeah France has figured out ways to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00474-00107058-00107249 really efficiently recycle that stuff
+teKuoVOC8KY-00475-00107250-00107549 and is that part of your plan is to use
+teKuoVOC8KY-00476-00107550-00107795 as much you know efficiently use the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00477-00107796-00107993 fuel as best we can before we even get
+teKuoVOC8KY-00478-00107994-00108184 to waste and what do we do with it once
+teKuoVOC8KY-00479-00108185-00108371 we have it yeah that's not our plan
+teKuoVOC8KY-00480-00108372-00108604 nuclear waste is not dangerous nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00481-00108605-00108736 waste has never heard a single person
+teKuoVOC8KY-00482-00108738-00108863 place or thing in all of human heads
+teKuoVOC8KY-00483-00108864-00109090 right once again it is the existing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00484-00109091-00109390 nuclear industry lying to you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00485-00109391-00109673 telling you that it is hazardous even
+teKuoVOC8KY-00486-00109674-00109907 though the one hazardous radioisotope
+teKuoVOC8KY-00487-00109908-00110260 item 131 decays like it's 99.9 go on
+teKuoVOC8KY-00488-00110261-00110477 after just 90 days right because it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00489-00110478-00110584 got an eight day Half-Life that's the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00490-00110585-00110704 only radio isotope that's ever heard
+teKuoVOC8KY-00491-00110705-00110915 anyone coming out of a power plant so
+teKuoVOC8KY-00492-00110916-00111065 that's gone after three months not
+teKuoVOC8KY-00493-00111066-00111245 millions of years and yet the nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00494-00111246-00111389 industry tells you it's dangerous for
+teKuoVOC8KY-00495-00111390-00111545 millions of years so they can get paid
+teKuoVOC8KY-00496-00111546-00111754 to protect you from it for millions of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00497-00111755-00111989 years this is the other business model
+teKuoVOC8KY-00498-00111990-00112319 of the incumbent nuclear industry Lee
+teKuoVOC8KY-00499-00112320-00112595 like lean into the fear promote the fear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00500-00112596-00112799 of radiation and of nuclear power plants
+teKuoVOC8KY-00501-00112800-00113069 to sell you Safety Systems and waste
+teKuoVOC8KY-00502-00113070-00113345 disposal methodology is that are
+teKuoVOC8KY-00503-00113346-00113554 insanely expensive and make it so it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00504-00113555-00113765 an unconquerable problem so the federal
+teKuoVOC8KY-00505-00113766-00113921 government just always has to spend more
+teKuoVOC8KY-00506-00113922-00114119 money on it like that is their strategy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00507-00114120-00114286 as an industry and that's why people
+teKuoVOC8KY-00508-00114288-00114478 it's not irrational people are very
+teKuoVOC8KY-00509-00114479-00114773 rationally afraid of like radiological
+teKuoVOC8KY-00510-00114774-00114928 material because the radiological
+teKuoVOC8KY-00511-00114929-00115066 experts are telling them that it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00512-00115067-00115228 dangerous but people just have to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00513-00115229-00115366 realize like they're selling you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00514-00115367-00115451 something online
+teKuoVOC8KY-00515-00115452-00115607 always found it kind of funny is that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00516-00115608-00115786 people that like Antiques and they see
+teKuoVOC8KY-00517-00115788-00116081 these old pieces of Green Glass from the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00518-00116082-00116284 19th century without ever realizing it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00519-00116285-00116645 uranium and there's there's uranium in
+teKuoVOC8KY-00520-00116646-00116789 the environment and there's nothing we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00521-00116790-00116866 can do
+teKuoVOC8KY-00522-00116867-00117166 especially seawater now can we now how
+teKuoVOC8KY-00523-00117167-00117316 are we going to mine the uranium I mean
+teKuoVOC8KY-00524-00117317-00117490 can we actually extract it from seawater
+teKuoVOC8KY-00525-00117491-00117749 easier than we could say in a mine I
+teKuoVOC8KY-00526-00117750-00117989 think seawater is a like like uranium
+teKuoVOC8KY-00527-00117990-00118199 extraction from seawater is like going
+teKuoVOC8KY-00528-00118200-00118360 to be an incredible technology in the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00529-00118361-00118601 future but extracting from a mind right
+teKuoVOC8KY-00530-00118602-00118781 now is just so ridiculously cheap we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00531-00118782-00118895 don't really have to invest in that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00532-00118896-00119123 technology the minute that we run out of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00533-00119124-00119357 discoverable land-based resources which
+teKuoVOC8KY-00534-00119358-00119477 isn't going to happen for hundreds of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00535-00119478-00119693 years we can switch to seawater
+teKuoVOC8KY-00536-00119694-00119908 extraction technology and that'll get us
+teKuoVOC8KY-00537-00119909-00120119 another billion years because the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00538-00120120-00120269 seawater is actually in a constant state
+teKuoVOC8KY-00539-00120270-00120515 of leaching uranium salts from the crust
+teKuoVOC8KY-00540-00120516-00120665 of the Earth itself so it's like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00541-00120666-00120857 incredibly self-replenishing up into the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00542-00120858-00121013 point of like billions of years of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00543-00121014-00121157 energy production and our planet's only
+teKuoVOC8KY-00544-00121158-00121390 going to last 500 million years so it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00545-00121391-00121475 like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00546-00121476-00121636 um yeah seawater is going to be the next
+teKuoVOC8KY-00547-00121638-00121907 phase of of uranium extraction but we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00548-00121908-00122008 don't have to worry about it for a while
+teKuoVOC8KY-00549-00122009-00122189 it's actually kind of funny if you think
+teKuoVOC8KY-00550-00122190-00122327 about it because you're cleaning the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00551-00122328-00122578 seawater essentially by Yeah by running
+teKuoVOC8KY-00552-00122579-00122734 the uranium you're actually making pure
+teKuoVOC8KY-00553-00122735-00122981 I know I know it's so what's amazing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00554-00122982-00123143 Concept in general I mean this is what
+teKuoVOC8KY-00555-00123144-00123334 like energy abundance enables we can
+teKuoVOC8KY-00556-00123335-00123475 essentially create these giant
+teKuoVOC8KY-00557-00123476-00123857 filtration devices for the ocean and for
+teKuoVOC8KY-00558-00123858-00124078 the air and remove anything that is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00559-00124079-00124223 toxic or that we don't like out of them
+teKuoVOC8KY-00560-00124224-00124343 like what people don't realize is Every
+teKuoVOC8KY-00561-00124344-00124504 Breath You Take you're breathing in some
+teKuoVOC8KY-00562-00124505-00124751 arsenic like little arsenic atoms that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00563-00124752-00124883 are just kind of floating around in the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00564-00124883-00125086 air because like arsenic is part of our
+teKuoVOC8KY-00565-00125088-00125302 modern industrial production system and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00566-00125303-00125447 little bits get into the air and then
+teKuoVOC8KY-00567-00125448-00125615 float around the air and so Every Breath
+teKuoVOC8KY-00568-00125616-00125902 You Take You are inhaling arsenic so yes
+teKuoVOC8KY-00569-00125903-00126119 we could develop these like giant Global
+teKuoVOC8KY-00570-00126120-00126371 air filtration systems that capture all
+teKuoVOC8KY-00571-00126372-00126527 of these like valuable metals and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00572-00126528-00126634 materials that we don't want to be
+teKuoVOC8KY-00573-00126635-00126797 breathing and puts them back into
+teKuoVOC8KY-00574-00126798-00126971 industry in an economically productive
+teKuoVOC8KY-00575-00126972-00127157 way but the backbone of that system has
+teKuoVOC8KY-00576-00127158-00127373 to be abundant energy and that's the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00577-00127374-00127552 other thing too is that all right if you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00578-00127553-00127816 look at nuclear accidents and they're
+teKuoVOC8KY-00579-00127817-00127973 actually not really that threatening
+teKuoVOC8KY-00580-00127974-00128249 compare that to how many people globally
+teKuoVOC8KY-00581-00128250-00128578 die from pollution each year you could
+teKuoVOC8KY-00582-00128579-00128758 eliminate that by switching to electric
+teKuoVOC8KY-00583-00128759-00129047 cars run by nuclear power plants you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00584-00129048-00129202 would save millions of people per year
+teKuoVOC8KY-00585-00129203-00129431 and we'd have much cleaner air you know
+teKuoVOC8KY-00586-00129432-00129533 as a result
+teKuoVOC8KY-00587-00129533-00129701 yeah or all sorts of their other clean
+teKuoVOC8KY-00588-00129702-00129923 fuels as well like it's not just yeah we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00589-00129924-00130073 don't want to be burning coal or like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00590-00130074-00130295 dirty gasolines and stuff but there's a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00591-00130296-00130451 chemical we shouldn't disparage chemical
+teKuoVOC8KY-00592-00130452-00130654 energy I think chemical energy has huge
+teKuoVOC8KY-00593-00130655-00130913 advantages over battery based systems
+teKuoVOC8KY-00594-00130914-00131051 which by the way also have environmental
+teKuoVOC8KY-00595-00131052-00131297 like pollution issues so I I'm not
+teKuoVOC8KY-00596-00131298-00131483 actually one of these guys who says like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00597-00131484-00131693 we have to move towards like a fully
+teKuoVOC8KY-00598-00131694-00131843 electric world like I actually don't
+teKuoVOC8KY-00599-00131844-00132052 believe that I think it should be like a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00600-00132053-00132328 clean like chemical energy delivery with
+teKuoVOC8KY-00601-00132329-00132616 some electrical energy delivery and just
+teKuoVOC8KY-00602-00132617-00132790 like like an incredible amount of energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00603-00132791-00132977 abundance to get us there well once
+teKuoVOC8KY-00604-00132978-00133102 again though it's all interconnected
+teKuoVOC8KY-00605-00133103-00133307 because in order to make the fuels
+teKuoVOC8KY-00606-00133308-00133552 you're gonna need the energy so exactly
+teKuoVOC8KY-00607-00133553-00133709 exactly that's that's how you produce it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00608-00133710-00133847 and that's the big problem is that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00609-00133848-00134164 producing anything is just requires so
+teKuoVOC8KY-00610-00134165-00134404 much energy and as a result of the way
+teKuoVOC8KY-00611-00134405-00134573 we do things now with coal-fired plants
+teKuoVOC8KY-00612-00134574-00134759 and things like that it's producing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00613-00134760-00135035 carbon so if we go to a system where
+teKuoVOC8KY-00614-00135036-00135214 that's not the case which is nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00615-00135215-00135473 then there's no carbon and the energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00616-00135474-00135749 sources essentially Limitless as as you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00617-00135750-00136085 explain now other applications uh Beyond
+teKuoVOC8KY-00618-00136086-00136385 power here on Earth is it conceivable
+teKuoVOC8KY-00619-00136386-00136595 that we could actually find a use for a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00620-00136596-00136775 nuclear reactor like this a compact one
+teKuoVOC8KY-00621-00136776-00137093 in space as we explore or is it just
+teKuoVOC8KY-00622-00137094-00137273 better to go with some other thingy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00623-00137274-00137543 Fusion or something like that yeah I
+teKuoVOC8KY-00624-00137544-00137719 mean there's definitely a lot of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00625-00137720-00138089 applications for nuclear power in space
+teKuoVOC8KY-00626-00138090-00138335 I like I struggle a little bit because
+teKuoVOC8KY-00627-00138336-00138539 like I'm not the expert in those systems
+teKuoVOC8KY-00628-00138540-00138671 and they get like pretty far out there
+teKuoVOC8KY-00629-00138672-00138821 in terms of Technology Spectrum so I
+teKuoVOC8KY-00630-00138822-00138977 don't want to misrepresent it in some
+teKuoVOC8KY-00631-00138978-00139169 way but I think there are nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-00632-00139170-00139325 reactors there's all sorts of types
+teKuoVOC8KY-00633-00139326-00139463 there's like these ones that just like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00634-00139464-00139666 generate heat from Decay material that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00635-00139667-00139781 aren't real like like they're not
+teKuoVOC8KY-00636-00139782-00139975 critical reactors they're like yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-00637-00139976-00140219 exactly exactly
+teKuoVOC8KY-00638-00140220-00140369 um then you've got to assess them of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00639-00140370-00140447 like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00640-00140448-00140777 like nuclear Rockets like uh to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00641-00140778-00140897 potentially like use the nuclear energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00642-00140898-00141119 to get into space then you have like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00643-00141120-00141287 ones that can help you travel through
+teKuoVOC8KY-00644-00141288-00141551 space yeah there's some like amazing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00645-00141552-00141737 Concepts out there and I like to be
+teKuoVOC8KY-00646-00141738-00141857 quite Frank I'm not even sure like what
+teKuoVOC8KY-00647-00141858-00141989 has been prototyped and developed yet
+teKuoVOC8KY-00648-00141990-00142175 but it is like an amazing field of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00649-00142176-00142343 research and obviously the energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00650-00142344-00142540 densities are like pretty real and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00651-00142541-00142727 pretty substantial when you're running
+teKuoVOC8KY-00652-00142728-00142961 that like Mass calculation of like how
+teKuoVOC8KY-00653-00142962-00143159 expensive it is to to get things into
+teKuoVOC8KY-00654-00143160-00143321 space it becomes ever more important
+teKuoVOC8KY-00655-00143322-00143633 let's talk about energy densities and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00656-00143634-00143897 how much energy you get a per certain
+teKuoVOC8KY-00657-00143898-00144323 amount of of uh material how much better
+teKuoVOC8KY-00658-00144324-00144761 is Uranium on that count than oil yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-00659-00144762-00144989 it's it's six orders of magnitude it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00660-00144990-00145240 like over like some I think like three
+teKuoVOC8KY-00661-00145241-00145451 million times as like you get three
+teKuoVOC8KY-00662-00145452-00145661 million times as much for the same like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00663-00145662-00145864 maths input it's it's it's it's it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00664-00145865-00146069 unbelievable to think about like it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00665-00146070-00146339 it's like truly unbelievable now that to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00666-00146340-00146621 me seems like it could drop energy costs
+teKuoVOC8KY-00667-00146622-00146921 for everybody exactly exactly what I
+teKuoVOC8KY-00668-00146922-00147131 mean that alone people struggle to pay
+teKuoVOC8KY-00669-00147132-00147275 for the air conditioning bill or the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00670-00147276-00147407 heating bill you know and it's even
+teKuoVOC8KY-00671-00147408-00147683 worse in developing nations non-existent
+teKuoVOC8KY-00672-00147684-00147923 really but the thing is is that you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00673-00147924-00148114 could actually see by by implementing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00674-00148115-00148240 this you could actually see a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00675-00148241-00148469 significant drop in energy costs for the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00676-00148470-00148835 individual and by that token it may
+teKuoVOC8KY-00677-00148836-00149033 actually start to drop costs on other
+teKuoVOC8KY-00678-00149034-00149243 things you know fuels produced through
+teKuoVOC8KY-00679-00149244-00149464 nuclear energy and things like that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00680-00149465-00149740 yeah yeah I mean listen we exactly like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00681-00149741-00149999 we need to get to like my vision is like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00682-00150000-00150166 we get us to a world of energy abundance
+teKuoVOC8KY-00683-00150167-00150340 like people do not have to think about
+teKuoVOC8KY-00684-00150341-00150593 energy like I'm not for efficiency I'm
+teKuoVOC8KY-00685-00150594-00150761 not for like reduction in consumption
+teKuoVOC8KY-00686-00150762-00151073 I'm for use as much energy as humanly
+teKuoVOC8KY-00687-00151074-00151289 possible to accomplish our goals and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00688-00151290-00151547 just decouple the environmental impact
+teKuoVOC8KY-00689-00151548-00151804 from that energy abundance I mean we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00690-00151805-00151931 should be thinking about using energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00691-00151932-00152081 like we think about using computing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00692-00152082-00152314 power like yeah like the extreme like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00693-00152315-00152507 versions of that like for a commercial
+teKuoVOC8KY-00694-00152508-00152759 Enterprise you have to like run economic
+teKuoVOC8KY-00695-00152760-00152957 trade-off calculations but like for your
+teKuoVOC8KY-00696-00152958-00153209 average like daily use you are not
+teKuoVOC8KY-00697-00153210-00153401 thinking about like rationing your
+teKuoVOC8KY-00698-00153402-00153623 Computing resources it's like send an
+teKuoVOC8KY-00699-00153624-00153851 email or watch like you know Netflix
+teKuoVOC8KY-00700-00153852-00154025 show or something you're just like yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-00701-00154026-00154199 like my computer's powerful enough to do
+teKuoVOC8KY-00702-00154200-00154361 everything I want and I I don't think
+teKuoVOC8KY-00703-00154362-00154547 about like the processing power used per
+teKuoVOC8KY-00704-00154548-00154726 second that's what we need to get energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00705-00154727-00155021 to absolutely and with our God our data
+teKuoVOC8KY-00706-00155022-00155171 dependent World which is growing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00707-00155172-00155381 increasingly you know we call it the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00708-00155382-00155590 human data ohm where we're building
+teKuoVOC8KY-00709-00155591-00155837 these enormous storage facilities for
+teKuoVOC8KY-00710-00155838-00156287 our data and that is a huge energy user
+teKuoVOC8KY-00711-00156288-00156466 and there's just no way around it and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00712-00156467-00156761 that is the future it's the present and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00713-00156762-00157007 we have no choice but to continue to put
+teKuoVOC8KY-00714-00157008-00157240 more energy into it but we can't do that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00715-00157241-00157528 with some people Envision you know wind
+teKuoVOC8KY-00716-00157529-00157769 farms and solar in a sort of a mixed bag
+teKuoVOC8KY-00717-00157770-00157931 of energy production green energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00718-00157932-00158290 production devices but it's not going to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00719-00158291-00158459 do it is it it's going to have to be
+teKuoVOC8KY-00720-00158460-00158699 nuclear yeah I mean let's come back to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00721-00158700-00158916 that six order magnitude Advantage like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00722-00158917-00159137 sure I'm sure there's some other way
+teKuoVOC8KY-00723-00159138-00159316 that we could deliver like energy to our
+teKuoVOC8KY-00724-00159317-00159485 bodies but like oxygen is a really good
+teKuoVOC8KY-00725-00159486-00159754 job so let's breathe oxygen that's the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00726-00159755-00159928 best air to breathe for like a human
+teKuoVOC8KY-00727-00159929-00160169 body to function and nuclear is the best
+teKuoVOC8KY-00728-00160170-00160378 way for Human Society to function as an
+teKuoVOC8KY-00729-00160379-00160613 energy source like by orders of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00730-00160614-00160895 magnitude so yeah let's do that now what
+teKuoVOC8KY-00731-00160896-00161069 of thorium I mean there's been a lot of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00732-00161070-00161273 talk of thorium reactors is that a dead
+teKuoVOC8KY-00733-00161274-00161459 end or is it something else we can look
+teKuoVOC8KY-00734-00161460-00161645 at or do we not even need it when we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00735-00161646-00161837 have uranium yeah people started talking
+teKuoVOC8KY-00736-00161838-00162064 about Thorium decades ago when they
+teKuoVOC8KY-00737-00162065-00162239 thought that the uranium resources were
+teKuoVOC8KY-00738-00162240-00162449 constrained that is no longer the case
+teKuoVOC8KY-00739-00162450-00162749 since then all of these like myths and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00740-00162750-00163013 rumors have cropped up about how thorium
+teKuoVOC8KY-00741-00163014-00163252 is the solution and it's like quite
+teKuoVOC8KY-00742-00163253-00163493 frankly it's all bull it's a lot of like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00743-00163494-00163685 people using terminology that most other
+teKuoVOC8KY-00744-00163686-00163835 people don't understand and hiding
+teKuoVOC8KY-00745-00163836-00164026 certain select facts so like make their
+teKuoVOC8KY-00746-00164027-00164416 technology solution seem the best and in
+teKuoVOC8KY-00747-00164417-00164614 doing so often disparaging the other
+teKuoVOC8KY-00748-00164615-00164837 Technologies which they don't realize is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00749-00164838-00165016 actually subverting their own goals and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00750-00165017-00165185 making them like making people hate the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00751-00165186-00165401 entire industry whether it's thorium or
+teKuoVOC8KY-00752-00165402-00165545 uranium altogether
+teKuoVOC8KY-00753-00165546-00165887 so yeah I really don't like when uh like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00754-00165888-00166066 sometimes they call them thorium Bros
+teKuoVOC8KY-00755-00166067-00166378 like criticize the existing standard
+teKuoVOC8KY-00756-00166379-00166619 like Workhorse like of the industry
+teKuoVOC8KY-00757-00166620-00166901 technology your uranium oxide fuel
+teKuoVOC8KY-00758-00166902-00167063 pellets inside of a pressurized water
+teKuoVOC8KY-00759-00167064-00167309 because when they do so to claim thorium
+teKuoVOC8KY-00760-00167310-00167519 is better and in many ways like it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00761-00167520-00167801 it's far inferior that uh yeah they
+teKuoVOC8KY-00762-00167802-00167957 subvert the whole industry altogether
+teKuoVOC8KY-00763-00167958-00168173 now your company is called last energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00764-00168174-00168466 which is a very apt name because it may
+teKuoVOC8KY-00765-00168467-00168737 be the only energy we need now what what
+teKuoVOC8KY-00766-00168738-00168971 starts you on that path what where how
+teKuoVOC8KY-00767-00168972-00169199 did you end up in this position of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00768-00169200-00169349 starting a nuclear Revolution or
+teKuoVOC8KY-00769-00169350-00169631 hopefully doing so yeah six years ago I
+teKuoVOC8KY-00770-00169632-00169835 started the energy Impact Center this is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00771-00169836-00170104 just kind of a self-funded uh like like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00772-00170105-00170357 effort in order to like build an
+teKuoVOC8KY-00773-00170358-00170602 organization to address climate change
+teKuoVOC8KY-00774-00170603-00170752 and energy challenges from a first
+teKuoVOC8KY-00775-00170753-00170921 principles perspective and we spent two
+teKuoVOC8KY-00776-00170922-00171107 years meeting with energy policy makers
+teKuoVOC8KY-00777-00171108-00171340 climate scientists and then getting
+teKuoVOC8KY-00778-00171341-00171490 really into the energy industry and then
+teKuoVOC8KY-00779-00171491-00171689 super deep diving into nuclear once we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00780-00171690-00171869 realized that all the things I thought
+teKuoVOC8KY-00781-00171870-00172049 about it six years ago were just totally
+teKuoVOC8KY-00782-00172050-00172235 mistaken all of those like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00783-00172236-00172481 misconceptions around waste or safety or
+teKuoVOC8KY-00784-00172482-00172709 public perception once I had you know
+teKuoVOC8KY-00785-00172710-00172925 met with enough people to dispel those
+teKuoVOC8KY-00786-00172926-00173081 myths you know all of a sudden I
+teKuoVOC8KY-00787-00173082-00173254 realized okay like this is where we need
+teKuoVOC8KY-00788-00173255-00173393 to be spending all of our time and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00789-00173394-00173626 effort and so after two years in
+teKuoVOC8KY-00790-00173627-00173813 research mode we spun out a commercial
+teKuoVOC8KY-00791-00173814-00174035 entity last energy to like carry out the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00792-00174036-00174185 vision as to how we thought there'd be
+teKuoVOC8KY-00793-00174186-00174485 like a successful commercialization of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00794-00174486-00174721 really what is the existing technology
+teKuoVOC8KY-00795-00174722-00175013 repackaged in a different way to make it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00796-00175014-00175235 scale in terms of both like time to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00797-00175236-00175409 deliver and affordable cost to deliver
+teKuoVOC8KY-00798-00175410-00175673 what's the time frame say we can start
+teKuoVOC8KY-00799-00175674-00175888 implementing this and get past the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00800-00175889-00176111 regulatory stuff and everything how many
+teKuoVOC8KY-00801-00176112-00176359 decades are we away from a completely
+teKuoVOC8KY-00802-00176360-00176728 nuclear efficient energy economy yeah so
+teKuoVOC8KY-00803-00176729-00176909 our goal is to get our first reactor up
+teKuoVOC8KY-00804-00176910-00177101 and running in 2025 and the long lead
+teKuoVOC8KY-00805-00177102-00177388 the long pole intent there is licensing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00806-00177389-00177604 so once you know we've gotten a permits
+teKuoVOC8KY-00807-00177605-00177731 and in parallel we're gonna be building
+teKuoVOC8KY-00808-00177732-00177887 our first unit we'll have that unit up
+teKuoVOC8KY-00809-00177888-00178054 and running and you know two to three
+teKuoVOC8KY-00810-00178055-00178235 years let's say and then we're gonna
+teKuoVOC8KY-00811-00178236-00178475 scale up production make hundreds a year
+teKuoVOC8KY-00812-00178476-00178709 and then thousands a year and then keep
+teKuoVOC8KY-00813-00178710-00178943 going from there so I say that we could
+teKuoVOC8KY-00814-00178944-00179116 I mean listen energy transition still
+teKuoVOC8KY-00815-00179117-00179290 take decades no matter what so I think
+teKuoVOC8KY-00816-00179291-00179464 it'll be probably like two decades until
+teKuoVOC8KY-00817-00179465-00179728 we've like fundamentally upended all
+teKuoVOC8KY-00818-00179729-00179969 energy on planet Earth but in the next
+teKuoVOC8KY-00819-00179970-00180149 two years you're going to start seeing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00820-00180150-00180419 the first step in that Journey there's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00821-00180420-00180623 also been the case that with the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00822-00180624-00180995 gigantic nuclear plants and when we try
+teKuoVOC8KY-00823-00180996-00181288 to build them they don't even come in on
+teKuoVOC8KY-00824-00181289-00181504 budget or on time or anything like that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00825-00181505-00181864 so do you expect pushback from that very
+teKuoVOC8KY-00826-00181865-00182045 industry with with what you're doing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00827-00182046-00182213 yeah but like what do we care we're not
+teKuoVOC8KY-00828-00182214-00182351 asking anyone else for money we're
+teKuoVOC8KY-00829-00182352-00182507 building this we've got customers
+teKuoVOC8KY-00830-00182508-00182723 they're paying us and we're going to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00831-00182724-00182837 build them their products and deliver
+teKuoVOC8KY-00832-00182838-00183028 their products and we don't really care
+teKuoVOC8KY-00833-00183029-00183178 what anyone else thinks I mean I think
+teKuoVOC8KY-00834-00183179-00183299 that's the real issue with like most
+teKuoVOC8KY-00835-00183300-00183502 efforts and like the new energy space is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00836-00183503-00183701 they put their hands out asking the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00837-00183702-00183916 government for money and then they have
+teKuoVOC8KY-00838-00183917-00184061 to like make all of these cases and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00839-00184062-00184204 fight all these battles and make all
+teKuoVOC8KY-00840-00184205-00184390 these concessions and then having to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00841-00184391-00184535 like change their product to like go
+teKuoVOC8KY-00842-00184536-00184673 after grant money which makes it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00843-00184674-00184859 disguise his product Market fed and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00844-00184860-00184997 makes it even harder for them to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00845-00184998-00185188 actually Implement their solution and we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00846-00185189-00185333 just said okay let's build a product
+teKuoVOC8KY-00847-00185334-00185585 that is economically competitive that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00848-00185586-00185776 people want and that's just like a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00849-00185777-00185933 purely commercial play and we're gonna
+teKuoVOC8KY-00850-00185934-00186064 go out and we're gonna get a contracts
+teKuoVOC8KY-00851-00186065-00186214 and get paying customers and build it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00852-00186215-00186347 for them and scale up that way I mean
+teKuoVOC8KY-00853-00186348-00186538 don't need to ask anyone for anything I
+teKuoVOC8KY-00854-00186539-00186664 don't I just don't care what they think
+teKuoVOC8KY-00855-00186665-00186928 irrelevant essentially yeah but hey this
+teKuoVOC8KY-00856-00186929-00187102 this world look what SpaceX did I mean
+teKuoVOC8KY-00857-00187103-00187204 there were people that were saying
+teKuoVOC8KY-00858-00187205-00187313 there's no way they're going to be able
+teKuoVOC8KY-00859-00187314-00187493 to compete with Lockheed Martin and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00860-00187494-00187763 Boeing and all that well they did so you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00861-00187764-00187985 can still do this in the modern world
+teKuoVOC8KY-00862-00187986-00188164 and they did it in the exact same way
+teKuoVOC8KY-00863-00188165-00188351 that that we're that like we're
+teKuoVOC8KY-00864-00188352-00188531 suggesting they like their first Rockets
+teKuoVOC8KY-00865-00188532-00188704 did not land on their butts like their
+teKuoVOC8KY-00866-00188705-00188909 first Rockets were simply shrunken down
+teKuoVOC8KY-00867-00188910-00189076 simpler versions of the existing acid
+teKuoVOC8KY-00868-00189077-00189287 rockets that they threw a commercial
+teKuoVOC8KY-00869-00189288-00189533 entity without all of the defense
+teKuoVOC8KY-00870-00189534-00189802 contractor overhead delivered at a 10x
+teKuoVOC8KY-00871-00189803-00190007 cost reduction that is exactly what we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00872-00190008-00190175 plan to do with nuclear energy same
+teKuoVOC8KY-00873-00190176-00190426 exact Playbook Mobility can you make a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00874-00190427-00190661 reactor like this mobile for example use
+teKuoVOC8KY-00875-00190662-00190864 it to power a ship or submarine I mean
+teKuoVOC8KY-00876-00190865-00191099 can is that option available for this
+teKuoVOC8KY-00877-00191100-00191302 technology this modular technology but
+teKuoVOC8KY-00878-00191303-00191519 totally I mean like listen most small
+teKuoVOC8KY-00879-00191520-00191704 reactors built in a very similar way to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00880-00191705-00191993 ours do power ships right now like our
+teKuoVOC8KY-00881-00191994-00192185 the US Navy aircraft carriers and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00882-00192186-00192401 submarines so the president is out there
+teKuoVOC8KY-00883-00192402-00192490 and there are even a lot of commercial
+teKuoVOC8KY-00884-00192491-00192797 sea Craft boats the NS Savannah and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00885-00192798-00192923 Germany I think have one called like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00886-00192924-00193109 Auto something or other and Russia's had
+teKuoVOC8KY-00887-00193110-00193385 a bunch yeah Maritime nuclear reactors
+teKuoVOC8KY-00888-00193386-00193607 are are a thing and should be another
+teKuoVOC8KY-00889-00193608-00193757 error to explore I don't know if we're
+teKuoVOC8KY-00890-00193758-00193907 gonna have like the bandwidth to focus
+teKuoVOC8KY-00891-00193908-00194063 on like another branch of our technology
+teKuoVOC8KY-00892-00194064-00194231 as we're like getting really good at
+teKuoVOC8KY-00893-00194232-00194483 just perfecting the first and like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00894-00194484-00194651 increasing our manufacturing throughput
+teKuoVOC8KY-00895-00194652-00194819 but I'd love to I mean it's like a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00896-00194820-00194987 personal fascination of mine to see a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00897-00194988-00195221 world full of nuclear power boats so
+teKuoVOC8KY-00898-00195222-00195340 we'll just kind of like see where that
+teKuoVOC8KY-00899-00195341-00195533 fits in our strategic roadmap I would
+teKuoVOC8KY-00900-00195534-00195676 definitely buy a ticket just on
+teKuoVOC8KY-00901-00195677-00195928 principle to ride on a nuclear-powered
+teKuoVOC8KY-00902-00195929-00196326 cruise ship
+teKuoVOC8KY-00903-00196327-00196540 water you know the swimming pool is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00904-00196541-00196763 heated by nuclear energy yeah yeah yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-00905-00196764-00196890 yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-00906-00196891-00197159 and England it's always been you know
+teKuoVOC8KY-00907-00197160-00197302 was like the cruise industry people are
+teKuoVOC8KY-00908-00197303-00197483 always saying well you can't spend all
+teKuoVOC8KY-00909-00197484-00197621 that fuel and you know look at the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00910-00197622-00197759 carbon footprint of that big old boat
+teKuoVOC8KY-00911-00197760-00197921 well if you made a carbon neutral you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00912-00197922-00198107 got something you know
+teKuoVOC8KY-00913-00198108-00198281 um oh totally and you'd probably beat
+teKuoVOC8KY-00914-00198282-00198652 each other you know yeah no I love the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00915-00198653-00198814 way you think about it like yeah I love
+teKuoVOC8KY-00916-00198815-00199054 I love the vision I mean yes like what
+teKuoVOC8KY-00917-00199055-00199228 you're doing right now this is what is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00918-00199229-00199450 going to make people love nuclear like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00919-00199451-00199654 imagining real world applications they
+teKuoVOC8KY-00920-00199655-00199811 can like put situations they can put
+teKuoVOC8KY-00921-00199812-00200050 themselves into and hear like two people
+teKuoVOC8KY-00922-00200051-00200231 laughing and enjoying the conversation
+teKuoVOC8KY-00923-00200232-00200435 like what you're doing right now is like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00924-00200436-00200657 the perfect form of nuclear advocacy
+teKuoVOC8KY-00925-00200658-00200969 well what I want to see is a uranium
+teKuoVOC8KY-00926-00200970-00201178 mine and a nuclear reactor powering a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00927-00201179-00201443 Mars colony yeah on Mars yeah that'd be
+teKuoVOC8KY-00928-00201444-00201713 cool too I'm like I'm more of a like a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00929-00201714-00202031 space station guy than I am a Mars
+teKuoVOC8KY-00930-00202032-00202300 colony guy but yes the the basic concept
+teKuoVOC8KY-00931-00202301-00202559 applies so well there we have a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00932-00202560-00202750 nuclear-powered O'Neill cylinder in
+teKuoVOC8KY-00933-00202751-00202990 orbit
+teKuoVOC8KY-00934-00202991-00203188 million people living on it you know
+teKuoVOC8KY-00935-00203189-00203381 exactly rotating with artificial gravity
+teKuoVOC8KY-00936-00203382-00203549 and everything that you can want I love
+teKuoVOC8KY-00937-00203550-00203728 it and then that's you really want to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00938-00203729-00203926 shave Earth that's how you do it move
+teKuoVOC8KY-00939-00203927-00204107 everybody into O'Neill cylinders and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00940-00204108-00204226 return
+teKuoVOC8KY-00941-00204227-00204466 I I love that idea but I think we could
+teKuoVOC8KY-00942-00204467-00204616 also do this we just got rid of suburbs
+teKuoVOC8KY-00943-00204617-00204743 and like brought people into beautiful
+teKuoVOC8KY-00944-00204744-00204964 mansions in the sky like I think that is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00945-00204965-00205121 also a vision that like with today's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00946-00205121-00205336 technology is like totally feasible if
+teKuoVOC8KY-00947-00205337-00205516 we just increase density like got rid of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00948-00205517-00205727 suburbs increased density like put a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00949-00205728-00205882 suburb in the sky like you could stack
+teKuoVOC8KY-00950-00205883-00206116 houses up 100 stories essentially give
+teKuoVOC8KY-00951-00206117-00206290 people a lawn even
+teKuoVOC8KY-00952-00206291-00206446 um like we could do that increase
+teKuoVOC8KY-00953-00206448-00206644 density and make most of planet Earth
+teKuoVOC8KY-00954-00206646-00206812 and nature preserve like right now and I
+teKuoVOC8KY-00955-00206813-00206951 think we should actually that would be
+teKuoVOC8KY-00956-00206952-00207155 you know there's some amazing conceptual
+teKuoVOC8KY-00957-00207156-00207329 ideas regarding that where you build
+teKuoVOC8KY-00958-00207330-00207592 these arcologies essentially gigantic
+teKuoVOC8KY-00959-00207594-00207803 buildings that are self-sufficient on on
+teKuoVOC8KY-00960-00207804-00208036 food and residents and everything like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00961-00208037-00208312 that concentrated and then you could put
+teKuoVOC8KY-00962-00208313-00208475 a nuclear reactor right at the heart of
+teKuoVOC8KY-00963-00208476-00208648 one and run it yep such a cool Vision
+teKuoVOC8KY-00964-00208650-00208864 it's such a cool Vision very futuristic
+teKuoVOC8KY-00965-00208865-00209069 it almost reminds me of 1960s Futures
+teKuoVOC8KY-00966-00209069-00209296 which is making a comeback people are
+teKuoVOC8KY-00967-00209298-00209507 thinking big again like that yeah and it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00968-00209508-00209746 should absolutely and it should like why
+teKuoVOC8KY-00969-00209748-00209921 not like where are like yeah and like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00970-00209921-00210142 it's like so pathetic that we don't have
+teKuoVOC8KY-00971-00210144-00210394 enough like people inspiring us to like
+teKuoVOC8KY-00972-00210396-00210677 like dream like we used to like we need
+teKuoVOC8KY-00973-00210678-00210881 more people like and maybe this is what
+teKuoVOC8KY-00974-00210882-00211031 like podcasting will do it's going to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00975-00211032-00211181 give like the dreamers and the
+teKuoVOC8KY-00976-00211182-00211444 innovators like a platform to spread
+teKuoVOC8KY-00977-00211446-00211655 these ideas of optimism and futurism
+teKuoVOC8KY-00978-00211656-00211858 like that that really like progress
+teKuoVOC8KY-00979-00211859-00212134 Society forwards so like yeah so like we
+teKuoVOC8KY-00980-00212135-00212284 need to hear more of that well it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-00981-00212285-00212465 essential because if you don't then you
+teKuoVOC8KY-00982-00212466-00212692 stagnate exactly and you can't we can't
+teKuoVOC8KY-00983-00212694-00212867 allow that at this point because we're
+teKuoVOC8KY-00984-00212867-00213203 on the cusp of so much right now and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00985-00213204-00213455 it's actually weird because I think
+teKuoVOC8KY-00986-00213456-00213605 we're living in the most important
+teKuoVOC8KY-00987-00213606-00213851 period in human history of where we're
+teKuoVOC8KY-00988-00213852-00214001 seeing sort of the blossoming of a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00989-00214002-00214205 space-faring civilization we're seeing
+teKuoVOC8KY-00990-00214206-00214510 us take control of our own genetics and
+teKuoVOC8KY-00991-00214511-00214708 medical science and all of this stuff
+teKuoVOC8KY-00992-00214709-00214931 all is happening right now which is
+teKuoVOC8KY-00993-00214932-00215087 weird that it's converging like that but
+teKuoVOC8KY-00994-00215088-00215369 it is and nuclear energy needs to be a
+teKuoVOC8KY-00995-00215369-00215548 part of that because we're gonna need to
+teKuoVOC8KY-00996-00215550-00215753 power it all it will be a part yeah it
+teKuoVOC8KY-00997-00215754-00215921 will be it will be the heart of any
+teKuoVOC8KY-00998-00215921-00216142 future civilization and so the sooner
+teKuoVOC8KY-00999-00216144-00216317 that we get to unlocking the power of
+teKuoVOC8KY-01000-00216317-00216508 nuclear for human flourishing the sooner
+teKuoVOC8KY-01001-00216509-00216767 we get to realize that Vision with a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01002-00216767-00216946 nuclear reactor one of the most
+teKuoVOC8KY-01003-00216948-00217151 interesting things I have ever seen is
+teKuoVOC8KY-01004-00217152-00217367 the phenomenon of charenkopf radiation
+teKuoVOC8KY-01005-00217367-00217642 the blue glow and I absolutely love it
+teKuoVOC8KY-01006-00217644-00217858 that's the idea of something exceeding
+teKuoVOC8KY-01007-00217859-00218051 the speed of light in a liquid amazes me
+teKuoVOC8KY-01008-00218052-00218315 and you get that beautiful blue glow now
+teKuoVOC8KY-01009-00218316-00218477 do your reactor are your reactors gonna
+teKuoVOC8KY-01010-00218478-00218651 glow like that I imagine they would be
+teKuoVOC8KY-01011-00218652-00218801 right yeah the problem is they're going
+teKuoVOC8KY-01012-00218802-00218981 to be totally sealed like no like even
+teKuoVOC8KY-01013-00218982-00219155 our workers can't access our reactors
+teKuoVOC8KY-01014-00219156-00219298 that was one of like the regulatory
+teKuoVOC8KY-01015-00219300-00219527 simplifications we came up with we're
+teKuoVOC8KY-01016-00219528-00219689 just gonna like bury the nuclear Island
+teKuoVOC8KY-01017-00219690-00219905 at the start of life it's a little more
+teKuoVOC8KY-01018-00219906-00220108 expensive in some ways but it definitely
+teKuoVOC8KY-01019-00220109-00220319 resolves any like licensing issues
+teKuoVOC8KY-01020-00220319-00220558 around worker safety or Public Safety so
+teKuoVOC8KY-01021-00220559-00220732 we bury them and nobody unfortunately is
+teKuoVOC8KY-01022-00220733-00220882 ever going to be able to see them while
+teKuoVOC8KY-01023-00220883-00221075 they're operating now once you have
+teKuoVOC8KY-01024-00221076-00221356 these reactors in operation essentially
+teKuoVOC8KY-01025-00221357-00221477 do you foresee that it's just going to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01026-00221478-00221627 be off the shelf parts for maintenance
+teKuoVOC8KY-01027-00221628-00221789 of these things and that it's there's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01028-00221790-00221939 not going to be any you're not going to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01029-00221940-00222077 have to custom make anything right
+teKuoVOC8KY-01030-00222078-00222310 you'll just send out a part it's already
+teKuoVOC8KY-01031-00222311-00222496 pretty much that way like we've designed
+teKuoVOC8KY-01032-00222498-00222784 our system where every single component
+teKuoVOC8KY-01033-00222785-00223048 is quote unquote off the shelf like yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-01034-00223050-00223271 our tanks are shaped to like fit our
+teKuoVOC8KY-01035-00223271-00223582 components but that you can call that
+teKuoVOC8KY-01036-00223583-00223727 off the shelf too if you really wanted
+teKuoVOC8KY-01037-00223728-00223955 to so yeah everything already is like
+teKuoVOC8KY-01038-00223956-00224248 Standard supply chain hot swap ball um
+teKuoVOC8KY-01039-00224250-00224381 easy to maintain
+teKuoVOC8KY-01040-00224382-00224663 now running time now reactors all you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01041-00224664-00224837 know they're required to have all kinds
+teKuoVOC8KY-01042-00224838-00224963 of Maintenance and downtime and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01043-00224964-00225119 inspections and things like that which
+teKuoVOC8KY-01044-00225119-00225425 is probably Overkill what's can you you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01045-00225426-00225592 think you can tackle that and get that
+teKuoVOC8KY-01046-00225594-00225755 out of the way to where the reactor
+teKuoVOC8KY-01047-00225756-00225946 isn't down a significant amount of time
+teKuoVOC8KY-01048-00225948-00226229 if it doesn't need to be yeah so one of
+teKuoVOC8KY-01049-00226230-00226384 our like the differences between our
+teKuoVOC8KY-01050-00226385-00226510 technology and the traditional
+teKuoVOC8KY-01051-00226511-00226756 technology isn't really like a component
+teKuoVOC8KY-01052-00226757-00226955 change but like an operational modality
+teKuoVOC8KY-01053-00226956-00227129 change so what we do is we bury our
+teKuoVOC8KY-01054-00227130-00227356 reactors and we bury a new one every six
+teKuoVOC8KY-01055-00227357-00227579 years we simply drop another one in a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01056-00227580-00227813 hole in the ground and that's how we and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01057-00227814-00227975 so like we don't need to inspect the old
+teKuoVOC8KY-01058-00227976-00228179 one because we never run a reactor more
+teKuoVOC8KY-01059-00228180-00228401 than six years which is the lifetime
+teKuoVOC8KY-01060-00228402-00228713 that nuclear fuel is certified up to so
+teKuoVOC8KY-01061-00228714-00228869 yeah that's our that's our little hack
+teKuoVOC8KY-01062-00228869-00229181 to make it easy for us now let's paint a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01063-00229182-00229396 little bit more Bleak of a picture and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01064-00229398-00229577 say something something prevents this
+teKuoVOC8KY-01065-00229578-00229834 and that we can't switch to nuclear how
+teKuoVOC8KY-01066-00229835-00230117 much more time do we have at our energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-01067-00230117-00230279 production methods as they are how much
+teKuoVOC8KY-01068-00230280-00230405 more time do we have before we have to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01069-00230406-00230531 start tightening the belt we start
+teKuoVOC8KY-01070-00230532-00230717 seeing blackouts the phones stop working
+teKuoVOC8KY-01071-00230717-00231005 things like that if we don't do this
+teKuoVOC8KY-01072-00231006-00231408 what does the future look like listen
+teKuoVOC8KY-01073-00231409-00231634 increasing energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-01074-00231635-00231905 across the world is going to be a rule
+teKuoVOC8KY-01075-00231906-00232223 that overwhelms anyone's ideas around
+teKuoVOC8KY-01076-00232223-00232391 what they want Society to look like
+teKuoVOC8KY-01077-00232392-00232534 we're just going to earn more fossil
+teKuoVOC8KY-01078-00232535-00232727 fuels nobody's gonna stop people from
+teKuoVOC8KY-01079-00232728-00232889 getting energy when they really want it
+teKuoVOC8KY-01080-00232890-00233158 and if and if that is in a world where
+teKuoVOC8KY-01081-00233159-00233351 the climate is becoming increasingly
+teKuoVOC8KY-01082-00233352-00233542 erratic average temperatures are
+teKuoVOC8KY-01083-00233544-00233723 increasing that's what's going to happen
+teKuoVOC8KY-01084-00233723-00233921 but nobody's going to stop consuming
+teKuoVOC8KY-01085-00233921-00234125 energy it's just it's just not realistic
+teKuoVOC8KY-01086-00234126-00234431 there might be unlimited methane in the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01087-00234432-00234641 ground we don't know like what's really
+teKuoVOC8KY-01088-00234642-00234737 funny is actually we don't even know
+teKuoVOC8KY-01089-00234738-00234989 where methane comes from we do not know
+teKuoVOC8KY-01090-00234990-00235144 if methane comes from primarily from
+teKuoVOC8KY-01091-00235146-00235337 fossil fuels where it comes from like
+teKuoVOC8KY-01092-00235338-00235601 literally the birth of our planet and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01093-00235602-00235889 all sorts of you know pressures of the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01094-00235890-00236105 Seas and the H's as our planet
+teKuoVOC8KY-01095-00236106-00236332 solidifies so they're I mean like look
+teKuoVOC8KY-01096-00236333-00236477 at Venus Venus has a lot of methane
+teKuoVOC8KY-01097-00236478-00236663 there were no fossils there so there
+teKuoVOC8KY-01098-00236664-00236860 might be unlimited methane to extract
+teKuoVOC8KY-01099-00236861-00237046 from our crust and we just got to keep
+teKuoVOC8KY-01100-00237048-00237298 developing more Technologies to extract
+teKuoVOC8KY-01101-00237300-00237581 it so in a world with no nuclear it is a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01102-00237582-00237803 world where we are like burning ever
+teKuoVOC8KY-01103-00237804-00238031 more natural gas and we just live in a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01104-00238032-00238265 really hot climate and people move more
+teKuoVOC8KY-01105-00238266-00238456 towards the poles over the course of 100
+teKuoVOC8KY-01106-00238457-00238703 years and I actually don't think it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01107-00238704-00238919 going to be that catastrophic it's just
+teKuoVOC8KY-01108-00238919-00239081 like yeah the billion poorest people are
+teKuoVOC8KY-01109-00239082-00239242 gonna suffer but they're already
+teKuoVOC8KY-01110-00239244-00239446 suffering now and nobody really seems to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01111-00239448-00239519 care
+teKuoVOC8KY-01112-00239519-00239692 so that's probably what the world will
+teKuoVOC8KY-01113-00239694-00239939 look like I want a world filled with
+teKuoVOC8KY-01114-00239940-00240137 giant cooling towers because I've always
+teKuoVOC8KY-01115-00240138-00240310 thought the cooling towers of nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01116-00240311-00240411 power plants were beautiful
+teKuoVOC8KY-01117-00240412-00240551 [Laughter]
+teKuoVOC8KY-01118-00240552-00240731 I grew up near one and I I always
+teKuoVOC8KY-01119-00240732-00240892 thought you know that is a that is that
+teKuoVOC8KY-01120-00240894-00241019 right there is the future you know that
+teKuoVOC8KY-01121-00241019-00241210 is yeah I love that you love that but
+teKuoVOC8KY-01122-00241211-00241331 unfortunately most people think it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01123-00241332-00241481 smoke
+teKuoVOC8KY-01124-00241482-00241675 they don't really yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-01125-00241676-00242069 and it's not even water I know it's just
+teKuoVOC8KY-01126-00242069-00242141 water
+teKuoVOC8KY-01127-00242142-00242291 I know that was a fight we were
+teKuoVOC8KY-01128-00242292-00242423 unwilling to fight so we kind of gave up
+teKuoVOC8KY-01129-00242423-00242573 on that we don't have cooling towers we
+teKuoVOC8KY-01130-00242573-00242758 just use air Cooling and it's like way
+teKuoVOC8KY-01131-00242759-00242963 less efficient and more expensive we
+teKuoVOC8KY-01132-00242964-00243125 just essentially have giant radiators on
+teKuoVOC8KY-01133-00243126-00243292 our roof because we were like too afraid
+teKuoVOC8KY-01134-00243294-00243479 of that was one thing that we were just
+teKuoVOC8KY-01135-00243480-00243641 like I can't fight every battle at all
+teKuoVOC8KY-01136-00243642-00243803 so if people think it's smoke we're just
+teKuoVOC8KY-01137-00243804-00243994 not gonna do it and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01138-00243996-00244169 yeah maybe somewhere in the future you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01139-00244169-00244415 see water cooling I don't know well
+teKuoVOC8KY-01140-00244416-00244679 that's that's not a that that is
+teKuoVOC8KY-01141-00244680-00244846 public perception is a problem here
+teKuoVOC8KY-01142-00244848-00245051 because I mean even if you look at it at
+teKuoVOC8KY-01143-00245052-00245308 a fusion project like iter they had to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01144-00245309-00245494 avoid any any mention of the word
+teKuoVOC8KY-01145-00245496-00245669 nuclear when they did that because it
+teKuoVOC8KY-01146-00245669-00245825 almost has a stigma when it shouldn't
+teKuoVOC8KY-01147-00245826-00246005 yeah funny that's in front especially in
+teKuoVOC8KY-01148-00246006-00246377 France in France yeah crazy do you think
+teKuoVOC8KY-01149-00246378-00246629 the that uh Fusion is just too far off
+teKuoVOC8KY-01150-00246630-00246856 and that we we really shouldn't rely on
+teKuoVOC8KY-01151-00246857-00247037 the assumption that we're going to get
+teKuoVOC8KY-01152-00247038-00247229 it and that we should just go nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01153-00247230-00247469 now uh you know fission now I I just I
+teKuoVOC8KY-01154-00247469-00247631 just don't know why people want Fusion I
+teKuoVOC8KY-01155-00247632-00247744 mean most people who say they want
+teKuoVOC8KY-01156-00247746-00247865 Fusion it's like oh it's like a clean
+teKuoVOC8KY-01157-00247866-00248069 unlimited energy source it's actually
+teKuoVOC8KY-01158-00248069-00248327 more radioactive than fission and it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01159-00248328-00248573 not unlimited like the like the fuel
+teKuoVOC8KY-01160-00248573-00248837 doesn't exist like you need to transmute
+teKuoVOC8KY-01161-00248838-00248998 elements or like Harvest them from the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01162-00249000-00249203 Moon this is this is like the most
+teKuoVOC8KY-01163-00249204-00249371 expensive energy source that Humanity
+teKuoVOC8KY-01164-00249371-00249575 could ever create and if like what you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01165-00249576-00249731 don't like about vision is radiation
+teKuoVOC8KY-01166-00249732-00250037 news flash Fusion is radioactive too and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01167-00250038-00250198 five times as much Neutron production
+teKuoVOC8KY-01168-00250200-00250439 per unit energy and neutron is the type
+teKuoVOC8KY-01169-00250440-00250631 of radiation that not only destroys
+teKuoVOC8KY-01170-00250632-00250942 material but that transmutes other atoms
+teKuoVOC8KY-01171-00250944-00251153 to become radioactive and like the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01172-00251154-00251303 fusion Community is just like sweeping
+teKuoVOC8KY-01173-00251304-00251458 that all under the rug right now to get
+teKuoVOC8KY-01174-00251459-00251591 away like with as much positive
+teKuoVOC8KY-01175-00251592-00251794 publicity as they can have but like the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01176-00251796-00251944 minute that their technology advances
+teKuoVOC8KY-01177-00251946-00252077 the point that they're doing like actual
+teKuoVOC8KY-01178-00252078-00252244 power Productions and people realize how
+teKuoVOC8KY-01179-00252246-00252460 radioactive it is there goes all your
+teKuoVOC8KY-01180-00252461-00252689 public support now the radioactive
+teKuoVOC8KY-01181-00252690-00252958 iodine the only real problem that's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01182-00252959-00253229 that's faced by by uh fish in production
+teKuoVOC8KY-01183-00253230-00253475 energy production a very very short
+teKuoVOC8KY-01184-00253476-00253744 half-life as you mentioned and the fact
+teKuoVOC8KY-01185-00253746-00253942 is what does it decay into I mean what
+teKuoVOC8KY-01186-00253944-00254189 are we left with after it's safe just
+teKuoVOC8KY-01187-00254190-00254434 normal iodine or what's it do yeah so
+teKuoVOC8KY-01188-00254435-00254687 yeah so when you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01189-00254688-00254956 when you fission an atom
+teKuoVOC8KY-01190-00254957-00255263 you there's like a hundred different
+teKuoVOC8KY-01191-00255264-00255467 potential isotopes that get created
+teKuoVOC8KY-01192-00255467-00255689 along some sort of like statistical you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01193-00255690-00255856 know probability curve
+teKuoVOC8KY-01194-00255857-00256108 and then each one of them has different
+teKuoVOC8KY-01195-00256109-00256271 Half-Life and some are short and so they
+teKuoVOC8KY-01196-00256271-00256408 transmute very quickly and some are
+teKuoVOC8KY-01197-00256409-00256642 longer and so it takes a long time and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01198-00256644-00256810 they follow these Decay chains and so
+teKuoVOC8KY-01199-00256811-00256937 it's like not it's not a very like and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01200-00256938-00257063 there's like some probability in which
+teKuoVOC8KY-01201-00257064-00257260 they emit a beta and Decay into one
+teKuoVOC8KY-01202-00257261-00257477 thing or metagamin turn to another and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01203-00257478-00257675 so it's not like a very clear-cut answer
+teKuoVOC8KY-01204-00257676-00257848 there's like a chart that you would have
+teKuoVOC8KY-01205-00257850-00258046 to look at but
+teKuoVOC8KY-01206-00258048-00258287 um at some point the Decay chain stops
+teKuoVOC8KY-01207-00258288-00258467 with a stable atom that is
+teKuoVOC8KY-01208-00258467-00258610 non-radioactive and yeah it's just
+teKuoVOC8KY-01209-00258611-00258767 another element but like we're talking
+teKuoVOC8KY-01210-00258767-00258982 about such a small quantitative just
+teKuoVOC8KY-01211-00258983-00259205 like put in perspective the total amount
+teKuoVOC8KY-01212-00259206-00259403 of iodine 131 the only dangerous
+teKuoVOC8KY-01213-00259404-00259715 radionuclide that uh that was emitted uh
+teKuoVOC8KY-01214-00259716-00259871 you know that gets emitted in like a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01215-00259871-00260032 nuclear meltdown in the case of
+teKuoVOC8KY-01216-00260033-00260171 Fukushima where you had three gigawatt
+teKuoVOC8KY-01217-00260171-00260639 scale core meltdowns only 28 grams of
+teKuoVOC8KY-01218-00260640-00260915 iodine 131 was created 28 grams that's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01219-00260916-00261269 1.3 teaspoons not even a tablespoon
+teKuoVOC8KY-01220-00261269-00261496 so like yes it's dangerous but it's also
+teKuoVOC8KY-01221-00261498-00261665 in such small quantities and then yes it
+teKuoVOC8KY-01222-00261666-00261827 just within 90 days it all becomes
+teKuoVOC8KY-01223-00261828-00262048 something else so that is like not
+teKuoVOC8KY-01224-00262050-00262258 radioactive and you're talking about a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01225-00262259-00262505 teaspoon a teaspoon like it has the same
+teKuoVOC8KY-01226-00262506-00262810 toxicity as chlorine and yes I would not
+teKuoVOC8KY-01227-00262811-00262973 like drink like I would not take a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01228-00262974-00263153 teaspoon of chlorine and drink it like I
+teKuoVOC8KY-01229-00263154-00263297 would consider that like highly toxic
+teKuoVOC8KY-01230-00263298-00263567 and a bad idea but like put a teaspoon
+teKuoVOC8KY-01231-00263568-00263717 of chlorine in a pool
+teKuoVOC8KY-01232-00263718-00263884 no longer toxic
+teKuoVOC8KY-01233-00263885-00264041 right like that you used like people do
+teKuoVOC8KY-01234-00264042-00264173 that intentionally to like help clean
+teKuoVOC8KY-01235-00264174-00264371 their pools if you're talking about
+teKuoVOC8KY-01236-00264372-00264539 something that is like yes potentially
+teKuoVOC8KY-01237-00264540-00264755 hazardous but isn't around for a very
+teKuoVOC8KY-01238-00264756-00264923 long time and is never around in large
+teKuoVOC8KY-01239-00264924-00265091 quantities so it's like it's just like a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01240-00265092-00265349 non-issue and there's an elephant in the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01241-00265350-00265517 room with that isotope
+teKuoVOC8KY-01242-00265518-00265871 um iodine 131 we make way more than a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01243-00265872-00266165 teaspoon on this planet each year for
+teKuoVOC8KY-01244-00266166-00266323 cancer therapy
+teKuoVOC8KY-01245-00266324-00266543 exactly oh isn't that yeah that's the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01246-00266544-00266705 most ironic part like the one
+teKuoVOC8KY-01247-00266706-00266830 radioisotope that could have hurt
+teKuoVOC8KY-01248-00266831-00267047 someone a nuclear meltdown because if
+teKuoVOC8KY-01249-00267048-00267227 Theory like it theoretically gives you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01250-00267228-00267395 know some like very small amount of
+teKuoVOC8KY-01251-00267396-00267623 people thyroid cancer is used to treat
+teKuoVOC8KY-01252-00267624-00267803 thyroid cancer like that is the greatest
+teKuoVOC8KY-01253-00267804-00267977 irony on planet Earth
+teKuoVOC8KY-01254-00267978-00268234 and on top of that too is that if you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01255-00268235-00268523 have an exposure okay distribute iodine
+teKuoVOC8KY-01256-00268524-00268691 pills and we've known about that since
+teKuoVOC8KY-01257-00268692-00268937 the 1950s yeah oh you don't even need to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01258-00268938-00269063 and I actually disagree with that
+teKuoVOC8KY-01259-00269064-00269189 because that actually creates more fear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01260-00269190-00269410 when people take an iodine pill it like
+teKuoVOC8KY-01261-00269411-00269567 makes them afraid of like what is
+teKuoVOC8KY-01262-00269568-00269758 happening and the stress kills more
+teKuoVOC8KY-01263-00269759-00269956 people I'd say don't distribute iodine
+teKuoVOC8KY-01264-00269957-00270232 pills like nobody needs it like once
+teKuoVOC8KY-01265-00270233-00270437 again Fukushima three-core meltdowns no
+teKuoVOC8KY-01266-00270438-00270593 safety assist like every signal safety
+teKuoVOC8KY-01267-00270594-00270784 system failed including the roof and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01268-00270785-00270995 there was not enough exposure to iodine
+teKuoVOC8KY-01269-00270996-00271199 to warn anyone taking any action
+teKuoVOC8KY-01270-00271200-00271445 whatsoever which is like just don't
+teKuoVOC8KY-01271-00271446-00271558 worry about that I mean I guess a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01272-00271559-00271753 nuclear war you know you might
+teKuoVOC8KY-01273-00271754-00271955 distribute it to something like that but
+teKuoVOC8KY-01274-00271956-00272117 I'm not even sure then
+teKuoVOC8KY-01275-00272118-00272369 um then you need like yeah then you got
+teKuoVOC8KY-01276-00272370-00272506 all sorts of other types of radiation
+teKuoVOC8KY-01277-00272507-00272669 issues yeah so okay I'm not saying
+teKuoVOC8KY-01278-00272670-00272879 radiation isn't Dangerous by the way I'm
+teKuoVOC8KY-01279-00272880-00273089 saying like radiation from a nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01280-00273090-00273341 accident isn't dangerous so yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-01281-00273342-00273521 radiation from nuclear weapons it's like
+teKuoVOC8KY-01282-00273522-00273910 a whole another like like issue and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01283-00273911-00274108 problem that I'm like obviously not
+teKuoVOC8KY-01284-00274109-00274253 advocating for a bunch of nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01285-00274254-00274415 weapons being dropped yeah very dirty
+teKuoVOC8KY-01286-00274416-00274595 but we're not talking yeah very dirty
+teKuoVOC8KY-01287-00274596-00274739 but we're talking about power generation
+teKuoVOC8KY-01288-00274740-00275045 not not not explosions it just seems to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01289-00275046-00275327 me a lost opportunity as far as you know
+teKuoVOC8KY-01290-00275328-00275513 when talking about climate change that
+teKuoVOC8KY-01291-00275514-00275687 that we just didn't do this from the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01292-00275688-00275908 start and make the entire world in
+teKuoVOC8KY-01293-00275909-00276137 France essentially but as far as France
+teKuoVOC8KY-01294-00276138-00276280 goes you know how much of their energy
+teKuoVOC8KY-01295-00276281-00276455 production is nuclear it's a majority
+teKuoVOC8KY-01296-00276456-00276610 isn't it yeah so it's something like 80
+teKuoVOC8KY-01297-00276611-00276797 and what's funny is though they're like
+teKuoVOC8KY-01298-00276798-00276929 a victim of their own success because
+teKuoVOC8KY-01299-00276930-00277073 they built a whole bunch of nuclear and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01300-00277074-00277265 then by consequence their nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01301-00277266-00277493 development industry also died and so
+teKuoVOC8KY-01302-00277494-00277745 nobody was advocating for it and so then
+teKuoVOC8KY-01303-00277746-00277960 people even in France like begin to like
+teKuoVOC8KY-01304-00277961-00278201 take it for granted and not like it that
+teKuoVOC8KY-01305-00278202-00278387 much anymore after the course of decades
+teKuoVOC8KY-01306-00278388-00278656 so there's a real like irony in how all
+teKuoVOC8KY-01307-00278657-00278873 this ends up playing out yeah but the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01308-00278874-00279017 big problem is that if you don't do that
+teKuoVOC8KY-01309-00279018-00279221 then you're building coal plants triple
+teKuoVOC8KY-01310-00279222-00279455 is what the Germans are doing you know I
+teKuoVOC8KY-01311-00279456-00279599 I know and this is why I'm like yeah we
+teKuoVOC8KY-01312-00279600-00279791 need to not only like go 100 nuclear we
+teKuoVOC8KY-01313-00279792-00279977 need to go a thousand percent nuclear we
+teKuoVOC8KY-01314-00279978-00280127 need to keep building it so there's an
+teKuoVOC8KY-01315-00280128-00280360 industry to always defend it and then we
+teKuoVOC8KY-01316-00280361-00280571 just need to keep on like leveling up
+teKuoVOC8KY-01317-00280572-00280882 how much energy planet Earth creates and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01318-00280883-00281003 uses
+teKuoVOC8KY-01319-00281004-00281267 now let's take a look at at the last one
+teKuoVOC8KY-01320-00281268-00281410 we haven't talked about yet Three Mile
+teKuoVOC8KY-01321-00281411-00281687 Island Disaster there almost nothing was
+teKuoVOC8KY-01322-00281688-00281860 emitted in that right yeah yeah you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01323-00281861-00282010 still call it a disaster you just call
+teKuoVOC8KY-01324-00282011-00282137 it a disaster even though no one got
+teKuoVOC8KY-01325-00282138-00282323 hurt and like there was no disaster yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-01326-00282324-00282473 it was more like a it was more like a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01327-00282474-00282725 small outgassing yeah tiny little
+teKuoVOC8KY-01328-00282726-00282910 accident yeah industrial accidents
+teKuoVOC8KY-01329-00282911-00283030 happen all the time that don't hurt
+teKuoVOC8KY-01330-00283031-00283205 people this was one of those like not
+teKuoVOC8KY-01331-00283206-00283408 even a big deal was it avoidable yeah I
+teKuoVOC8KY-01332-00283409-00283499 think there was like some equipment
+teKuoVOC8KY-01333-00283500-00283673 malfunction and then some human response
+teKuoVOC8KY-01334-00283674-00283817 to that but industrial accidents happen
+teKuoVOC8KY-01335-00283818-00284051 all the time people break equipment it
+teKuoVOC8KY-01336-00284052-00284189 happens okay it's like that's what you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01337-00284190-00284363 have insurance for so yeah just get an
+teKuoVOC8KY-01338-00284364-00284537 insurance policy and then don't like
+teKuoVOC8KY-01339-00284538-00284729 Panic the public about it
+teKuoVOC8KY-01340-00284730-00285017 and compare this to much much scarier
+teKuoVOC8KY-01341-00285018-00285275 stuff like chemical accidents and how
+teKuoVOC8KY-01342-00285276-00285467 many of those have happened oh God I
+teKuoVOC8KY-01343-00285468-00285634 can't even I can't even begin to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01344-00285635-00285749 describe I mean it's like it's like
+teKuoVOC8KY-01345-00285750-00285989 horrifying to think about like I mean
+teKuoVOC8KY-01346-00285990-00286121 like we just saw
+teKuoVOC8KY-01347-00286122-00286295 oh man now it's like yeah like that
+teKuoVOC8KY-01348-00286296-00286523 destroy like Ugh like the Paul in India
+teKuoVOC8KY-01349-00286524-00286655 and like oh my God there's been so many
+teKuoVOC8KY-01350-00286656-00286853 unbelievable buff haul was unbelievably
+teKuoVOC8KY-01351-00286854-00287087 bad yeah you know the thing is nothing
+teKuoVOC8KY-01352-00287088-00287279 that's ever happened in nuclear has ever
+teKuoVOC8KY-01353-00287280-00287447 compared to that I know and that's why I
+teKuoVOC8KY-01354-00287448-00287549 hate even like mentioning the same
+teKuoVOC8KY-01355-00287550-00287699 sentence because it's like still like a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01356-00287700-00287860 fit like it creates this like cognitive
+teKuoVOC8KY-01357-00287861-00288041 like resonance between the two concepts
+teKuoVOC8KY-01358-00288042-00288184 I don't even like to talk about it
+teKuoVOC8KY-01359-00288185-00288377 because it's just like not even it's not
+teKuoVOC8KY-01360-00288378-00288539 even worth comparing like I would
+teKuoVOC8KY-01361-00288540-00288767 compare a nuclear accident to tripping
+teKuoVOC8KY-01362-00288768-00288958 down the stairs and like bruising your
+teKuoVOC8KY-01363-00288959-00289187 elbow and that's it and not even I mean
+teKuoVOC8KY-01364-00289188-00289301 even that's a bad comparison because
+teKuoVOC8KY-01365-00289302-00289456 like people don't get hurt in nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01366-00289457-00289601 accidents no one got hurt in Three Mile
+teKuoVOC8KY-01367-00289602-00289829 Island or the fukushimas uh it's it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01368-00289830-00290158 almost like like being like irritated by
+teKuoVOC8KY-01369-00290159-00290410 an allergy and it's worth noting here
+teKuoVOC8KY-01370-00290411-00290543 look at the French they've been doing
+teKuoVOC8KY-01371-00290544-00290717 this for decades and they've never had
+teKuoVOC8KY-01372-00290718-00290879 an accident but I think there should be
+teKuoVOC8KY-01373-00290880-00291017 more nuclear accidents like I think we
+teKuoVOC8KY-01374-00291018-00291125 should actually have more nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01375-00291126-00291280 accidents more yeah of course because
+teKuoVOC8KY-01376-00291281-00291425 then people won't be afraid of it and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01377-00291426-00291569 remember it doesn't hurt anyone I'm not
+teKuoVOC8KY-01378-00291570-00291737 saying people should get hurt I'm saying
+teKuoVOC8KY-01379-00291738-00291917 that we should expose people to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01380-00291918-00292084 something that they are afraid of so
+teKuoVOC8KY-01381-00292085-00292301 they're no longer afraid of it so yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-01382-00292302-00292451 we like if we had a ton of nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01383-00292452-00292589 accidents and no like we had a nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01384-00292590-00292732 action every single year and nobody was
+teKuoVOC8KY-01385-00292733-00292834 getting hurt and any of them people
+teKuoVOC8KY-01386-00292835-00293027 would stop worrying about it and it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01387-00293028-00293255 the worrying that hurts people well the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01388-00293256-00293429 other thing too is that they there's an
+teKuoVOC8KY-01389-00293430-00293717 effect here early in air travel when we
+teKuoVOC8KY-01390-00293718-00293867 were you know flying everywhere in the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01391-00293868-00294113 1950s there were crashes all the time
+teKuoVOC8KY-01392-00294114-00294299 you know I know but people actually die
+teKuoVOC8KY-01393-00294300-00294406 in those things that's why it's like
+teKuoVOC8KY-01394-00294407-00294623 once again like I hate comparing that to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01395-00294624-00294832 nuclear because like when a commercial
+teKuoVOC8KY-01396-00294833-00295121 nuclear reactor melts down no one gets
+teKuoVOC8KY-01397-00295122-00295319 injured even when every single safety
+teKuoVOC8KY-01398-00295320-00295529 system fails and so like I don't even
+teKuoVOC8KY-01399-00295530-00295667 like comparing it to like playing
+teKuoVOC8KY-01400-00295668-00295817 accents where it's like really sad
+teKuoVOC8KY-01401-00295818-00296027 because people actually die the point is
+teKuoVOC8KY-01402-00296028-00296243 though is that in the development of the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01403-00296244-00296410 aircraft they hardly ever crash now
+teKuoVOC8KY-01404-00296411-00296608 commercial aircraft I mean how often
+teKuoVOC8KY-01405-00296609-00296843 does that happen not very and that's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01406-00296844-00296975 right but I'm saying use that analogy
+teKuoVOC8KY-01407-00296976-00297106 for the chemical plants like that
+teKuoVOC8KY-01408-00297107-00297245 actually do hurt actually the chemical
+teKuoVOC8KY-01409-00297246-00297406 plants that well like Bhopal and all
+teKuoVOC8KY-01410-00297407-00297580 that that was that was just bad
+teKuoVOC8KY-01411-00297581-00297832 management dangerous management you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01412-00297833-00297982 don't really have that nuclear because
+teKuoVOC8KY-01413-00297983-00298241 you can you can end the reaction right
+teKuoVOC8KY-01414-00298242-00298456 or hopefully and unless something goes
+teKuoVOC8KY-01415-00298457-00298649 wrong no water-based reactors they
+teKuoVOC8KY-01416-00298650-00298780 always like the reaction always dies
+teKuoVOC8KY-01417-00298781-00298889 most people yeah most people don't
+teKuoVOC8KY-01418-00298890-00299008 realize that the minute that your water
+teKuoVOC8KY-01419-00299009-00299158 is gone the minute gets too hot and it
+teKuoVOC8KY-01420-00299159-00299321 boils off that's it for your nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01421-00299322-00299482 reaction there is no runaway reaction
+teKuoVOC8KY-01422-00299483-00299675 yeah the neutrons don't have yeah the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01423-00299676-00299921 neutrons don't have a way to I mean I
+teKuoVOC8KY-01424-00299922-00300071 guess I just go off into the you know
+teKuoVOC8KY-01425-00300072-00300269 wherever but you need that water to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01426-00300270-00300515 afford to even functionally exactly it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01427-00300516-00300629 exactly right
+teKuoVOC8KY-01428-00300630-00300851 what do you do okay so you've got this
+teKuoVOC8KY-01429-00300852-00300929 water
+teKuoVOC8KY-01430-00300930-00301139 that you're you know your your nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01431-00301140-00301319 acting your actor is using can you use
+teKuoVOC8KY-01432-00301320-00301480 that indefinitely and recycle it I mean
+teKuoVOC8KY-01433-00301481-00301708 do you does that ever even if it's safe
+teKuoVOC8KY-01434-00301709-00301901 it never really has to go back into the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01435-00301902-00302117 environment does it um or or is it just
+teKuoVOC8KY-01436-00302118-00302243 something that you're gonna have to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01437-00302244-00302489 replace and top off ours is a totally
+teKuoVOC8KY-01438-00302490-00302680 sealed system so like yeah we don't have
+teKuoVOC8KY-01439-00302681-00302903 to replace any water it just circulates
+teKuoVOC8KY-01440-00302904-00303084 internally in like a fully sealed system
+teKuoVOC8KY-01441-00303085-00303293 and yeah like when you like do
+teKuoVOC8KY-01442-00303294-00303455 maintenance and stuff you know maybe a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01443-00303456-00303556 little bit comes out and you put a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01444-00303557-00303725 little bit then but it's I mean it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01445-00303726-00303977 just water yeah there's no danger in the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01446-00303978-00304121 actual water itself even though it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01447-00304122-00304379 exposed to a fuel Rod right
+teKuoVOC8KY-01448-00304380-00304547 right I mean there's some tritium in it
+teKuoVOC8KY-01449-00304548-00304727 but like not dangerous amounts I think
+teKuoVOC8KY-01450-00304728-00304945 that's what people get confused
+teKuoVOC8KY-01451-00304946-00305189 exactly yeah exactly exactly that's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01452-00305190-00305339 where you get your fuel for a few for
+teKuoVOC8KY-01453-00305340-00305554 these fantasy Fusion reactors do you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01454-00305555-00305717 actually see that as a as an option
+teKuoVOC8KY-01455-00305718-00305980 eventually as to use these reactors to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01456-00305981-00306143 actually create things like tritium on
+teKuoVOC8KY-01457-00306144-00306293 an industrial scale I mean can you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01458-00306294-00306503 actually modify it that way to to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01459-00306504-00306713 produce that type of stuff yeah but like
+teKuoVOC8KY-01460-00306714-00306839 why would like what do you like what is
+teKuoVOC8KY-01461-00306840-00306958 tritium good for the only thing it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01462-00306959-00307217 good for are like like once again
+teKuoVOC8KY-01463-00307218-00307391 fantasy Fusion reactors that are more
+teKuoVOC8KY-01464-00307392-00307595 radioactive and will never like be
+teKuoVOC8KY-01465-00307596-00307913 economically feasible or bombs so it's
+teKuoVOC8KY-01466-00307914-00308165 like not much use to making tritium
+teKuoVOC8KY-01467-00308166-00308441 intentionally so now this type of a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01468-00308442-00308758 reactor cannot be used to make any kind
+teKuoVOC8KY-01469-00308759-00308963 of a bomb right there's just no way to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01470-00308964-00309179 do it yeah the only types of reactors
+teKuoVOC8KY-01471-00309180-00309460 that can be used are like the types that
+teKuoVOC8KY-01472-00309461-00309658 like the Russians built like the rbmks
+teKuoVOC8KY-01473-00309659-00309904 or like your heavy Water Reactor the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01474-00309905-00310097 anything that has in-situ fuel
+teKuoVOC8KY-01475-00310098-00310349 replacement can be used to make weapons
+teKuoVOC8KY-01476-00310350-00310529 grade material anything that you don't
+teKuoVOC8KY-01477-00310530-00310775 have in in situ fuel replacement can't
+teKuoVOC8KY-01478-00310776-00311003 so they're naturally proliferation proof
+teKuoVOC8KY-01479-00311004-00311225 so how do you deal with the fuel as it
+teKuoVOC8KY-01480-00311226-00311380 degrades do you just replace the whole
+teKuoVOC8KY-01481-00311381-00311615 reactor vessel and yeah we just drop in
+teKuoVOC8KY-01482-00311616-00311753 a new reactor vessel with thresh fuel
+teKuoVOC8KY-01483-00311754-00311903 every six years just right next to the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01484-00311904-00312047 old one and then after the planet's life
+teKuoVOC8KY-01485-00312048-00312251 they all just get carted away and
+teKuoVOC8KY-01486-00312252-00312419 hopefully I mean this will be like the
+teKuoVOC8KY-01487-00312420-00312743 first one will wrap up 50 years from now
+teKuoVOC8KY-01488-00312744-00312989 so like hopefully at that point Society
+teKuoVOC8KY-01489-00312990-00313237 has like these economically
+teKuoVOC8KY-01490-00313238-00313582 productive uses for spent nuclear fuel
+teKuoVOC8KY-01491-00313583-00313817 which are really just like gold mines of
+teKuoVOC8KY-01492-00313818-00313967 radioisotopes that have like commercial
+teKuoVOC8KY-01493-00313968-00314158 value that's something I always wondered
+teKuoVOC8KY-01494-00314159-00314363 about is that you could go back into
+teKuoVOC8KY-01495-00314364-00314579 those spent fuel rods there's some weird
+teKuoVOC8KY-01496-00314580-00314915 stuff there and I know it's amazing so
+teKuoVOC8KY-01497-00314916-00315179 amazing you know or yeah some future
+teKuoVOC8KY-01498-00315180-00315317 Society is going to look at these things
+teKuoVOC8KY-01499-00315318-00315587 as treasure troves and invent all sorts
+teKuoVOC8KY-01500-00315588-00315863 of cool Medical Treatments detectors
+teKuoVOC8KY-01501-00315864-00316156 sensors uh I mean just like little
+teKuoVOC8KY-01502-00316157-00316397 batteries like so many amazing things
+teKuoVOC8KY-01503-00316398-00316582 will come out of it will come out if
+teKuoVOC8KY-01504-00316583-00316775 spent nuclear fuel with some people to
+teKuoVOC8KY-01505-00316776-00316973 ride as nuclear waste and there will be
+teKuoVOC8KY-01506-00316974-00317158 there will be a day where it's it no
+teKuoVOC8KY-01507-00317159-00317482 longer exists it we will have used it up
+teKuoVOC8KY-01508-00317483-00317771 it's just right we need more of it we
+teKuoVOC8KY-01509-00317772-00317897 need more of it like that's my whole
+teKuoVOC8KY-01510-00317898-00318034 battle position we need more nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01511-00318035-00318179 waste not last well that would be fun is
+teKuoVOC8KY-01512-00318180-00318365 if your nuclear reactors after they go
+teKuoVOC8KY-01513-00318366-00318503 out of service after 50 years or
+teKuoVOC8KY-01514-00318504-00318671 whatever and they're just sitting there
+teKuoVOC8KY-01515-00318672-00318989 waiting waiting for a new life and I
+teKuoVOC8KY-01516-00318990-00319187 kind of find that very poetic me too
+teKuoVOC8KY-01517-00319188-00319439 especially in the sense that the nuclear
+teKuoVOC8KY-01518-00319440-00319756 age it was as I said in the beginning of
+teKuoVOC8KY-01519-00319757-00319954 the interview the most important
+teKuoVOC8KY-01520-00319955-00320182 development human history so far we
+teKuoVOC8KY-01521-00320183-00320351 harnessed the atom that's his biggest
+teKuoVOC8KY-01522-00320352-00320530 harnessing fire which we didn't even do
+teKuoVOC8KY-01523-00320531-00320893 one of our hominid predecessors did so
+teKuoVOC8KY-01524-00320894-00321334 so we so we we're just it's something
+teKuoVOC8KY-01525-00321335-00321467 special and it's something that we need
+teKuoVOC8KY-01526-00321468-00321730 to use to solve our problems right now
+teKuoVOC8KY-01527-00321731-00321934 and it is the one thing that can so I
+teKuoVOC8KY-01528-00321935-00322229 wish you great luck in this and I hope
+teKuoVOC8KY-01529-00322230-00322529 to see I hope to see the fruited plane
+teKuoVOC8KY-01530-00322530-00322751 dotted with nuclear reactors thank you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01531-00322752-00322943 thank you yeah there's as much energy as
+teKuoVOC8KY-01532-00322944-00323225 we want I love it I love the vision yeah
+teKuoVOC8KY-01533-00323226-00323404 thank thank you so much this has been a
+teKuoVOC8KY-01534-00323405-00323530 great conversation let's let's get
+teKuoVOC8KY-01535-00323531-00323969 together sometime too you bet you bet
+teKuoVOC8KY-01536-00323970-00324203 Event Horizon and my channel are now
+teKuoVOC8KY-01537-00324204-00324484 available as a podcast on Apple podcasts
+teKuoVOC8KY-01538-00324485-00324808 Spotify and YouTube memberships early ad
+teKuoVOC8KY-01539-00324809-00325060 free episodes bonus episodes and sleep
+teKuoVOC8KY-01540-00325061-00325319 focused content sign up now by clicking
+teKuoVOC8KY-01541-00325320-00325534 the links below to your platform of
+teKuoVOC8KY-01542-00325535-00325585 choice
+teKuoVOC8KY-01544-00329035-00329501 thank you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01545-00329502-00329581 [Applause]
+teKuoVOC8KY-01546-00329582-00330132 [Music]
+teKuoVOC8KY-01547-00330133-00330754 thank you
+teKuoVOC8KY-01549-00333911-00334193 foreign
+teKuoVOC8KY-01550-00334194-00334418 foreign
+thjIdwW1ACk-00000-00000000-00000647 yeah it's coming
+thjIdwW1ACk-00001-00000648-00000893 hello hi
+thjIdwW1ACk-00002-00000894-00001162 welcome to the new webinar welcome
+thjIdwW1ACk-00003-00001163-00001366 Ernest
+thjIdwW1ACk-00004-00001367-00001558 we have started the session of today
+thjIdwW1ACk-00005-00001559-00001871 just we will wait some seconds as usual
+thjIdwW1ACk-00006-00001872-00002183 because the participants are arriving to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00007-00002184-00002392 the meeting room
+thjIdwW1ACk-00008-00002393-00002863 the number is growing fast
+thjIdwW1ACk-00009-00002864-00003413 then yeah it's 301 then we will start
+thjIdwW1ACk-00010-00003414-00003736 the webinar of today uh welcome everyone
+thjIdwW1ACk-00011-00003738-00004049 my name is Sarah I'm a researcher of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00012-00004050-00004301 Barcelona supercomputing Center but also
+thjIdwW1ACk-00013-00004302-00004561 the mid-scientist of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00014-00004562-00004847 wmo Barcelona Regional Center that is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00015-00004848-00005159 the institution that is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00016-00005160-00005447 organizing these events and with me
+thjIdwW1ACk-00017-00005448-00005645 today for sharing the session is Ernest
+thjIdwW1ACk-00018-00005646-00005956 Werner that is the technical director of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00019-00005957-00006167 the Barcelona Regional Center
+thjIdwW1ACk-00020-00006168-00006514 and before to start the webinar I will
+thjIdwW1ACk-00021-00006515-00006670 introduce you a little bit the platform
+thjIdwW1ACk-00022-00006672-00006923 even if all of you probably will know
+thjIdwW1ACk-00023-00006923-00007201 about the zoom this is the zoom webinars
+thjIdwW1ACk-00024-00007202-00007570 option and then this means that you as a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00025-00007572-00007781 dentist you don't have direct access to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00026-00007781-00008063 the panelists meaning the speakers then
+thjIdwW1ACk-00027-00008064-00008453 for asking questions and for for writing
+thjIdwW1ACk-00028-00008454-00008621 us and contacting us you have two
+thjIdwW1ACk-00029-00008622-00008860 options in the bottom of your screen
+thjIdwW1ACk-00030-00008861-00009010 that is the chat
+thjIdwW1ACk-00031-00009011-00009310 and the questions and answers box that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00032-00009311-00009628 is this q a button where you can put
+thjIdwW1ACk-00033-00009629-00009839 your question during the webinar please
+thjIdwW1ACk-00034-00009840-00010096 don't wait until the end
+thjIdwW1ACk-00035-00010097-00010331 to type all your questions because it's
+thjIdwW1ACk-00036-00010332-00010714 more difficult for us for handling uh
+thjIdwW1ACk-00037-00010715-00010913 the questions to lines to the speakers
+thjIdwW1ACk-00038-00010914-00011046 of today
+thjIdwW1ACk-00039-00011047-00011441 and a few less things to do about the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00040-00011442-00011617 platform
+thjIdwW1ACk-00041-00011618-00011874 and uh
+thjIdwW1ACk-00042-00011875-00012155 Because unless they arrive a little bit
+thjIdwW1ACk-00043-00012156-00012388 late today I will do my myself
+thjIdwW1ACk-00044-00012389-00012719 introduction of the speakers
+thjIdwW1ACk-00045-00012720-00013037 no worries I am prepared we are prepared
+thjIdwW1ACk-00046-00013038-00013415 for that for any content contingency and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00047-00013416-00013721 then it's my pleasure to introduce the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00048-00013722-00014008 speakers of today we have two excellent
+thjIdwW1ACk-00049-00014009-00014194 researchers from the other side of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00050-00014195-00014441 Atlantic is Andrea silly and Ashford
+thjIdwW1ACk-00051-00014441-00014747 radio they are the researchers and the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00052-00014747-00014938 Caribbean Institute for meteorology and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00053-00014940-00015335 hydrology thanks uh Andrea for giving me
+thjIdwW1ACk-00054-00015336-00015863 the tip in the back and today they are
+thjIdwW1ACk-00055-00015863-00016144 very active researchers in the desk
+thjIdwW1ACk-00056-00016145-00016336 Community because they are really
+thjIdwW1ACk-00057-00016337-00016577 working with observations and and models
+thjIdwW1ACk-00058-00016578-00016907 for predicting those intuitions to the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00059-00016908-00017093 other side of the Atlantic for example
+thjIdwW1ACk-00060-00017094-00017321 and their impacts in different sectors
+thjIdwW1ACk-00061-00017322-00017536 and today they will introduce all the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00062-00017537-00017836 activities of the Caribbean Institute
+thjIdwW1ACk-00063-00017837-00018083 and also I want to mention that Andrea
+thjIdwW1ACk-00064-00018084-00018413 Andreas silly is is the chair of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00065-00018414-00018677 regional Steering group of the panamaica
+thjIdwW1ACk-00066-00018678-00018977 note of the SDS was this wmo World
+thjIdwW1ACk-00067-00018978-00019217 Meteorological organization initiative
+thjIdwW1ACk-00068-00019218-00019535 that is searching to provide a capacity
+thjIdwW1ACk-00069-00019536-00019780 building and products to different user
+thjIdwW1ACk-00070-00019781-00020153 communities and it's my pleasure that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00071-00020154-00020458 they they accept the the invitation to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00072-00020459-00020611 these webinars
+thjIdwW1ACk-00073-00020612-00020999 and um with this just I want to thanks
+thjIdwW1ACk-00074-00021000-00021227 again that you accept the invitation and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00075-00021228-00021475 the floors is yours Andrea and Ashford
+thjIdwW1ACk-00076-00021476-00021814 you can start with the talk about the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00077-00021815-00022211 Caribbean Institute okay thanks Sarah do
+thjIdwW1ACk-00078-00022212-00022361 you want us to introduce ourselves a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00079-00022362-00022558 little bit too a couple things or a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00080-00022559-00022913 minute or two yeah absolutely okay okay
+thjIdwW1ACk-00081-00022914-00023171 I'll introduce myself a bit and then
+thjIdwW1ACk-00082-00023172-00023344 I'll let Ashford do that and then I'll
+thjIdwW1ACk-00083-00023345-00023500 go ahead and share the screen and start
+thjIdwW1ACk-00084-00023501-00023753 the talk and as Sarah said I'm Andrea
+thjIdwW1ACk-00085-00023754-00024047 Sealy from the cimh I am the chair of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00086-00024048-00024317 wmo SDS was Pan-American Regional
+thjIdwW1ACk-00087-00024318-00024563 Steering group and I'm a meteorologist
+thjIdwW1ACk-00088-00024564-00024803 at the CMH the Caribbean Institute for
+thjIdwW1ACk-00089-00024804-00025108 meteorology and hydrology I also lecture
+thjIdwW1ACk-00090-00025109-00025313 at University of the West Indies KFL
+thjIdwW1ACk-00091-00025314-00025637 campus in meteorology and also I'm an
+thjIdwW1ACk-00092-00025638-00026008 instructor at bcimh because we are a wmo
+thjIdwW1ACk-00093-00026010-00026267 Regional Training Center I also teach
+thjIdwW1ACk-00094-00026268-00026567 courses at the cimh as well
+thjIdwW1ACk-00095-00026568-00026770 um so let Ashford introduce himself and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00096-00026772-00026951 then I'll go ahead and get started you
+thjIdwW1ACk-00097-00026952-00027190 could go ahead Ash hi thank you Andrew
+thjIdwW1ACk-00098-00027191-00027401 thank you Sarah
+thjIdwW1ACk-00099-00027402-00027617 um my name is Ashley Reyes I'm also a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00100-00027618-00027785 meteorologist at the Caribbean Institute
+thjIdwW1ACk-00101-00027786-00028043 for meteorology and hydrology I also
+thjIdwW1ACk-00102-00028044-00028258 lecture meteorology courses both at the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00103-00028260-00028517 University of the West Indies and at the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00104-00028518-00028690 Caribbean Institute for meteorology and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00105-00028691-00028931 hydrology I mainly specialize in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00106-00028932-00029170 numerical weather prediction radar
+thjIdwW1ACk-00107-00029172-00029387 meteorology and I do into the physical
+thjIdwW1ACk-00108-00029388-00029567 meteorology and Industrial Dynamic
+thjIdwW1ACk-00109-00029568-00029749 meteorology and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00110-00029750-00030124 instrument observations and basic web
+thjIdwW1ACk-00111-00030125-00030329 analysis and stuff those are these
+thjIdwW1ACk-00112-00030330-00030623 subjects I mainly teach and my primary
+thjIdwW1ACk-00113-00030624-00030852 role at The Institute
+thjIdwW1ACk-00114-00030854-00031162 research-wise is doing modeling that's
+thjIdwW1ACk-00115-00031163-00031612 basically a love of mine so I do both
+thjIdwW1ACk-00116-00031613-00031943 um traditional weather modeling using
+thjIdwW1ACk-00117-00031944-00032357 the wrf NMM core erw core and I also do
+thjIdwW1ACk-00118-00032358-00032645 Wolf Care modeling to do the Datsun air
+thjIdwW1ACk-00119-00032645-00032927 quality modeling for Andrea so just
+thjIdwW1ACk-00120-00032928-00033190 basically how I actually fitted to the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00121-00033191-00033461 into this group you know because of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00122-00033462-00033652 modeling aspect
+thjIdwW1ACk-00123-00033653-00033773 so
+thjIdwW1ACk-00124-00033774-00034174 thank you
+thjIdwW1ACk-00125-00034175-00034396 thanks a lot for yours yourself
+thjIdwW1ACk-00126-00034397-00034733 introduction it was nice
+thjIdwW1ACk-00127-00034734-00034985 now I think that we're gonna start with
+thjIdwW1ACk-00128-00034986-00035255 the webinar uh we will switch off all
+thjIdwW1ACk-00129-00035256-00035518 cameras just for giving you more
+thjIdwW1ACk-00130-00035519-00035899 visually visually visibility sorry
+thjIdwW1ACk-00131-00035900-00036221 and I will warn you when there will be
+thjIdwW1ACk-00132-00036222-00036593 the time to to finish okay okay like 40
+thjIdwW1ACk-00133-00036594-00037024 minutes from now okay thank you
+thjIdwW1ACk-00134-00037025-00037411 okay I'm gonna go ahead and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00135-00037412-00037833 share my screen
+thjIdwW1ACk-00136-00037834-00038285 [Music]
+thjIdwW1ACk-00137-00038286-00038874 you can see the PowerPoint presentation
+thjIdwW1ACk-00138-00038875-00039137 okay so I'm gonna go ahead and get
+thjIdwW1ACk-00139-00039138-00039340 started and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00140-00039341-00039539 um basically I want to say thanks again
+thjIdwW1ACk-00141-00039540-00039827 for inviting us to do this and I really
+thjIdwW1ACk-00142-00039828-00040030 felt that it would not be complete if I
+thjIdwW1ACk-00143-00040031-00040252 did not have Ashford presenting with me
+thjIdwW1ACk-00144-00040253-00040474 because of the work that he does that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00145-00040475-00040751 really is the foundation behind a lot of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00146-00040752-00040949 what the Pan American Center is doing
+thjIdwW1ACk-00147-00040950-00041362 and and it's aiming to continue doing
+thjIdwW1ACk-00148-00041363-00041657 so I just want to talk about the cimh
+thjIdwW1ACk-00149-00041658-00041885 activities related to this impacts in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00150-00041886-00042130 the Caribbean you will see some overlap
+thjIdwW1ACk-00151-00042131-00042424 with air quality as well because as you
+thjIdwW1ACk-00152-00042425-00042593 would well know in terms of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00153-00042594-00042827 saharanas impacts you know impacting air
+thjIdwW1ACk-00154-00042828-00043018 quality is one of those things among
+thjIdwW1ACk-00155-00043019-00043205 others so you're going to see some
+thjIdwW1ACk-00156-00043206-00043505 overlap with the air quality work we do
+thjIdwW1ACk-00157-00043506-00043702 um but a lot of it is still focused on
+thjIdwW1ACk-00158-00043703-00043918 saharanas a lot of what we still do in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00159-00043919-00044273 terms of the Pan American Center and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00160-00044274-00044465 related activities
+thjIdwW1ACk-00161-00044466-00044758 but because of the the nature of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00162-00044759-00044945 audience we have they I know they're
+thjIdwW1ACk-00163-00044946-00045167 going to be Benny who are not familiar
+thjIdwW1ACk-00164-00045168-00045467 with cimh as an institution so what I'm
+thjIdwW1ACk-00165-00045468-00045646 going to do is firstly give an outline
+thjIdwW1ACk-00166-00045647-00045917 of what who we are what we do a bit
+thjIdwW1ACk-00167-00045918-00046246 about our mandate and structure and then
+thjIdwW1ACk-00168-00046247-00046457 I will go into the activities the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00169-00046458-00046739 general air quality does activities and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00170-00046740-00046889 then Ashford is going to talk about the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00171-00046890-00047074 modeling and then we'll close off the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00172-00047075-00047590 presentation
+thjIdwW1ACk-00173-00047591-00047867 so basically the Caribbean Institute for
+thjIdwW1ACk-00174-00047868-00048083 meteorology and hydrology which I will
+thjIdwW1ACk-00175-00048084-00048395 refer to as cimh is an institution of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00176-00048396-00048665 the Caribbean Community CARICOM it is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00177-00048666-00048874 the technical organ of the Caribbean
+thjIdwW1ACk-00178-00048875-00049102 meteorological organization which is the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00179-00049103-00049349 CMO and it is an affiliate of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00180-00049350-00049655 University of the West Indies animate of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00181-00049656-00049961 the cimh is to assist in improving and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00182-00049962-00050171 developing the meteorological and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00183-00050172-00050423 hydrological services as well as
+thjIdwW1ACk-00184-00050424-00050668 providing the awareness of the benefits
+thjIdwW1ACk-00185-00050669-00050939 of meteorology and hydrology for the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00186-00050940-00051280 economic well-being of the 16 CMO member
+thjIdwW1ACk-00187-00051282-00051364 states
+thjIdwW1ACk-00188-00051365-00051601 and we achieve this through training
+thjIdwW1ACk-00189-00051602-00051911 research investigations and the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00190-00051912-00052085 provision of related specialized
+thjIdwW1ACk-00191-00052086-00052451 services and advice
+thjIdwW1ACk-00192-00052452-00052637 so about the Caribbean meteorological
+thjIdwW1ACk-00193-00052638-00052829 organization that I just mentioned is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00194-00052829-00053069 CMO so there are various organs there's
+thjIdwW1ACk-00195-00053070-00053273 the Caribbean meteorological Council
+thjIdwW1ACk-00196-00053274-00053482 there's a Caribbean meteorological
+thjIdwW1ACk-00197-00053483-00053776 organization headquarters you name there
+thjIdwW1ACk-00198-00053777-00054100 is the cimh where we work and then
+thjIdwW1ACk-00199-00054101-00054244 there's the Caribbean meteorological
+thjIdwW1ACk-00200-00054245-00054449 Foundation which has absorption for many
+thjIdwW1ACk-00201-00054450-00054544 years
+thjIdwW1ACk-00202-00054545-00054863 so the objective of the CMO is that the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00203-00054864-00055061 organization shall have as its
+thjIdwW1ACk-00204-00055062-00055330 objectives the promotion and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00205-00055332-00055607 coordination of regional activities in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00206-00055608-00055799 the field of meteorology and Allied
+thjIdwW1ACk-00207-00055800-00056082 Sciences
+thjIdwW1ACk-00208-00056083-00056363 so in terms of the functions of the CMO
+thjIdwW1ACk-00209-00056364-00056621 we provide the CMO I should say it
+thjIdwW1ACk-00210-00056622-00056800 provides meteorological services to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00211-00056801-00057037 civil aviation among many other things
+thjIdwW1ACk-00212-00057038-00057269 cooperating with other services to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00213-00057270-00057479 provide efficient Hurricane Warning
+thjIdwW1ACk-00214-00057479-00057725 Systems providing meteorological
+thjIdwW1ACk-00215-00057726-00057973 information and advice to member states
+thjIdwW1ACk-00216-00057974-00058282 collecting and Analysis and analyzing on
+thjIdwW1ACk-00217-00058283-00058511 relevant data available publishing those
+thjIdwW1ACk-00218-00058512-00058738 results cooperating with the math
+thjIdwW1ACk-00219-00058739-00058849 Services
+thjIdwW1ACk-00220-00058850-00059111 executing basic scientific observations
+thjIdwW1ACk-00221-00059112-00059375 that keep art are keeping within the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00222-00059376-00059497 objectives
+thjIdwW1ACk-00223-00059498-00059807 participating in the work of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00224-00059808-00059941 appropriate International
+thjIdwW1ACk-00225-00059941-00060365 organizations such as dwmo and Iko
+thjIdwW1ACk-00226-00060366-00060604 participating in work in applying
+thjIdwW1ACk-00227-00060605-00060916 meteorology agricultural math hydrology
+thjIdwW1ACk-00228-00060917-00061211 and the associated research that would
+thjIdwW1ACk-00229-00061212-00061475 be of direct interest to our region and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00230-00061476-00061642 cooperating with all the relevant
+thjIdwW1ACk-00231-00061644-00062026 scientific institutions as necessary
+thjIdwW1ACk-00232-00062027-00062242 so the membership of the CMO is 16
+thjIdwW1ACk-00233-00062244-00062542 member states Anguilla Antigua and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00234-00062544-00062794 Barbuda Barbados where cimh is actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00235-00062795-00063094 based physically Belize the British
+thjIdwW1ACk-00236-00063095-00063316 Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Dominica
+thjIdwW1ACk-00237-00063317-00063682 Grenada Guyana Jamaica Montserrat Saint
+thjIdwW1ACk-00238-00063683-00063935 Kitts and Nevis St Lucia Saint Vincent
+thjIdwW1ACk-00239-00063936-00064144 and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago
+thjIdwW1ACk-00240-00064145-00064366 and the Turks and Caicos Islands so this
+thjIdwW1ACk-00241-00064367-00064576 is the membership but of course we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00242-00064577-00064775 collaborate with many other territories
+thjIdwW1ACk-00243-00064776-00064942 in the Caribbean as well and of course
+thjIdwW1ACk-00244-00064944-00065176 Regional and internationally
+thjIdwW1ACk-00245-00065177-00065350 um other countries as well but this is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00246-00065351-00065519 the membership official membership of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00247-00065520-00065759 the CM
+thjIdwW1ACk-00248-00065760-00066071 so in terms of the functions of the cimh
+thjIdwW1ACk-00249-00066072-00066347 we are wmo Regional Training Center at
+thjIdwW1ACk-00250-00066348-00066593 RTC so we train various categories of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00251-00066594-00066761 meteorological and hydrological
+thjIdwW1ACk-00252-00066762-00066875 personnel
+thjIdwW1ACk-00253-00066876-00067103 we operate as a center of research in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00254-00067104-00067313 meteorology hydrology and Associated
+thjIdwW1ACk-00255-00067314-00067576 Sciences we're also Regional climate
+thjIdwW1ACk-00256-00067577-00067888 data center we are also a wmo regional
+thjIdwW1ACk-00257-00067889-00068147 instrument Center we are also a regional
+thjIdwW1ACk-00258-00068148-00068315 center of excellence for trading in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00259-00068316-00068585 Satellite meteorology and we are also a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00260-00068586-00068849 wmo designated Regional climate center
+thjIdwW1ACk-00261-00068850-00069119 for the Caribbean we also have a center
+thjIdwW1ACk-00262-00069120-00069305 for climate and environmental
+thjIdwW1ACk-00263-00069306-00069563 simulations a center dealing with water
+thjIdwW1ACk-00264-00069564-00069844 resources hydrology geoscience and Earth
+thjIdwW1ACk-00265-00069845-00070247 observation applications we host VW Pan
+thjIdwW1ACk-00266-00070248-00070588 American center for the wmosds was we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00267-00070589-00070853 are Regional marine forecast and support
+thjIdwW1ACk-00268-00070854-00071153 center we are an advisor to Regional
+thjIdwW1ACk-00269-00071154-00071315 governments on matters related to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00270-00071316-00071663 meteorology climate and hydrology and we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00271-00071664-00071861 also provide specialized services to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00272-00071862-00072173 Industry
+thjIdwW1ACk-00273-00072174-00072526 so to go on more to why air quality and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00274-00072527-00072761 the focus on Saharan does so this is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00275-00072762-00073097 something that we it is a newer topic
+thjIdwW1ACk-00276-00073098-00073355 for us a newer portfolio as in probably
+thjIdwW1ACk-00277-00073356-00073517 I would say less than 10 years old
+thjIdwW1ACk-00278-00073518-00073726 that's why you're saying you because we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00279-00073727-00074021 were founded in CMH was started in 1967
+thjIdwW1ACk-00280-00074022-00074417 so the the focus and on air quality and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00281-00074418-00074638 Sahara dust is a fairly new topic
+thjIdwW1ACk-00282-00074639-00074932 compared to how long we were existing
+thjIdwW1ACk-00283-00074933-00075197 um but there there is good motivation
+thjIdwW1ACk-00284-00075198-00075406 for why this is something we've added to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00285-00075407-00075587 our portfolio in terms of what we do
+thjIdwW1ACk-00286-00075588-00075791 because we cover so many other things in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00287-00075792-00076019 terms of weather claim it
+thjIdwW1ACk-00288-00076020-00076259 um that it felt natural to actually also
+thjIdwW1ACk-00289-00076260-00076450 include air quality and the motivation
+thjIdwW1ACk-00290-00076451-00076697 behind this is that air quality has
+thjIdwW1ACk-00291-00076698-00076967 become a major issue in the carp it is a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00292-00076968-00077129 major it has been a major issue other
+thjIdwW1ACk-00293-00077130-00077375 places but also in the Caribbean region
+thjIdwW1ACk-00294-00077376-00077573 I know people think about Islands they
+thjIdwW1ACk-00295-00077574-00077800 think about Islands being pristine but
+thjIdwW1ACk-00296-00077801-00078017 we do have our air quality issues
+thjIdwW1ACk-00297-00078018-00078365 and things like Urban Development
+thjIdwW1ACk-00298-00078366-00078515 um building infrastructure more
+thjIdwW1ACk-00299-00078516-00078694 infrastructure increased vehicle
+thjIdwW1ACk-00300-00078695-00078929 emissions a lot of our aliens Barbados
+thjIdwW1ACk-00301-00078930-00079138 for sure we have a lot of cars we have a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00302-00079139-00079355 lot of vehicles especially compared to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00303-00079356-00079475 the size of the island and the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00304-00079476-00079744 population and then there's also growing
+thjIdwW1ACk-00305-00079745-00079955 industrialization as well
+thjIdwW1ACk-00306-00079956-00080291 and what people what we want many on
+thjIdwW1ACk-00307-00080292-00080519 this webinar in this audience will be
+thjIdwW1ACk-00308-00080520-00080717 familiar with is that significant
+thjIdwW1ACk-00309-00080718-00080981 amounts of saharanas travel across in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00310-00080982-00081179 Northern Tropical Atlantic to Caribbean
+thjIdwW1ACk-00311-00081180-00081467 every year and those incursions also
+thjIdwW1ACk-00312-00081468-00081682 degrade our air quality the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00313-00081683-00081862 concentrations in the Caribbean often
+thjIdwW1ACk-00314-00081863-00082229 exceed the U.S EPA standards for PM 2.5
+thjIdwW1ACk-00315-00082230-00082444 and this has serious implications for
+thjIdwW1ACk-00316-00082445-00082691 human health in the region also several
+thjIdwW1ACk-00317-00082692-00082876 territories in the Caribbean do not have
+thjIdwW1ACk-00318-00082877-00083041 routine air quality management
+thjIdwW1ACk-00319-00083042-00083387 monitoring programs and there is also a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00320-00083388-00083591 lack of enforcement of air quality
+thjIdwW1ACk-00321-00083592-00083944 standards for PM 2.5 and pm10 and and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00322-00083945-00084100 the lab the standards may be on the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00323-00084101-00084197 books
+thjIdwW1ACk-00324-00084198-00084353 um in some cases but they're not
+thjIdwW1ACk-00325-00084354-00084785 enforced so what we did at camh was to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00326-00084786-00085043 take the initiative to provide Regional
+thjIdwW1ACk-00327-00085044-00085247 dust and air quality forecasts for the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00328-00085248-00085511 Caribbean use a new rfkan and Ashford
+thjIdwW1ACk-00329-00085512-00085775 will talk more about that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00330-00085776-00086137 foreign
+thjIdwW1ACk-00331-00086138-00086405 so among the activities we have well
+thjIdwW1ACk-00332-00086406-00086675 we've heard us we've heard it said
+thjIdwW1ACk-00333-00086676-00086855 um more than once we host the Pan
+thjIdwW1ACk-00334-00086856-00087125 American center for the wmo sunanda
+thjIdwW1ACk-00335-00087126-00087359 storm warning advisory and assessment
+thjIdwW1ACk-00336-00087360-00087688 system SBS laws and and some of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00337-00087689-00087850 things among the things we love to do
+thjIdwW1ACk-00338-00087851-00088115 would be to develop refine and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00339-00088116-00088276 distribute to the global Community the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00340-00088277-00088523 products that are useful in reducing the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00341-00088524-00088847 adverse impacts of sunanda storms and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00342-00088848-00089044 secondly to assess the impacts of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00343-00089045-00089237 cylinder storms sun and dust storm
+thjIdwW1ACk-00344-00089238-00089506 processes on society the environment and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00345-00089507-00089812 nature
+thjIdwW1ACk-00346-00089813-00090065 another activity we have been very
+thjIdwW1ACk-00347-00090066-00090323 involved in is the Caribbean aerosol
+thjIdwW1ACk-00348-00090324-00090509 Health Network and there is Big overlap
+thjIdwW1ACk-00349-00090510-00090893 in in this network with the SDS was
+thjIdwW1ACk-00350-00090894-00090967 um
+thjIdwW1ACk-00351-00090968-00091306 the Caribbean aerosol Health Network was
+thjIdwW1ACk-00352-00091307-00091685 co-founded by professors Olga Mayo at
+thjIdwW1ACk-00353-00091686-00091865 that time Olga would have been at the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00354-00091866-00092050 University of Puerto Rico Rio Petras
+thjIdwW1ACk-00355-00092051-00092262 she's now at the Brookhaven National Lab
+thjIdwW1ACk-00356-00092263-00092567 and Professor America's Jewel Prospero
+thjIdwW1ACk-00357-00092568-00092825 from University of Miami they co-founded
+thjIdwW1ACk-00358-00092826-00093085 this network and we have been a very
+thjIdwW1ACk-00359-00093086-00093412 involved participant in this network as
+thjIdwW1ACk-00360-00093413-00093682 well and basically can looks at
+thjIdwW1ACk-00361-00093683-00093875 improving our understanding of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00362-00093876-00094031 impacts
+thjIdwW1ACk-00363-00094032-00094229 um of atmospheric particulate matter on
+thjIdwW1ACk-00364-00094230-00094438 the Caribbean region a lot of the focus
+thjIdwW1ACk-00365-00094439-00094588 is on Dust but we want to look at
+thjIdwW1ACk-00366-00094589-00094847 particulate matter as well in general so
+thjIdwW1ACk-00367-00094848-00095038 the impacts on claiming rather
+thjIdwW1ACk-00368-00095039-00095267 ecosystems air quality visibility and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00369-00095268-00095344 health
+thjIdwW1ACk-00370-00095345-00095567 and this is towards developing a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00371-00095568-00095771 coordinated Regional and an
+thjIdwW1ACk-00372-00095772-00096011 international effort on atmospheric
+thjIdwW1ACk-00373-00096012-00096167 particulate measurements in the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00374-00096168-00096461 Caribbean especially Africa Industries
+thjIdwW1ACk-00375-00096462-00096706 because as we know there are studies
+thjIdwW1ACk-00376-00096707-00097162 that looked at the fact that the pm10 is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00377-00097163-00097391 exceeded at a rate comparable to Major
+thjIdwW1ACk-00378-00097392-00097649 urban areas in Europe and the us because
+thjIdwW1ACk-00379-00097650-00098023 Africa does impact in our region
+thjIdwW1ACk-00380-00098024-00098375 foreign so among some of the activities
+thjIdwW1ACk-00381-00098376-00098597 that we would have uh we would have
+thjIdwW1ACk-00382-00098598-00098788 helped with or would have been involved
+thjIdwW1ACk-00383-00098789-00099005 with and will continue to be involved
+thjIdwW1ACk-00384-00099006-00099305 with uh periodically there's a school of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00385-00099306-00099479 atmospheric measurements in Latin
+thjIdwW1ACk-00386-00099480-00099659 America in the Caribbean that is offered
+thjIdwW1ACk-00387-00099660-00099961 uh we were co-sponsor of that in 2018
+thjIdwW1ACk-00388-00099962-00100223 and that was held in San Juan Puerto
+thjIdwW1ACk-00389-00100224-00100511 Rico and among the things that this
+thjIdwW1ACk-00390-00100512-00100679 school was looking at this Workshop
+thjIdwW1ACk-00391-00100680-00100900 would have um aimed to do would be to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00392-00100901-00101147 improve Regional capacity and stimulate
+thjIdwW1ACk-00393-00101148-00101338 the development of aerosol and reactive
+thjIdwW1ACk-00394-00101339-00101597 gases monitoring programs both Regional
+thjIdwW1ACk-00395-00101598-00101861 and National that can contribute their
+thjIdwW1ACk-00396-00101862-00101999 data to Regional and international
+thjIdwW1ACk-00397-00102000-00102250 projects and networks things like
+thjIdwW1ACk-00398-00102251-00102449 fostering the building of a community of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00399-00102450-00102653 atmospheric scientists in the Latin
+thjIdwW1ACk-00400-00102654-00102880 American and Caribbean region
+thjIdwW1ACk-00401-00102881-00103066 um educating early career scientists
+thjIdwW1ACk-00402-00103067-00103313 from our region Latin America in the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00403-00103314-00103510 Caribbean on global and Regional aspects
+thjIdwW1ACk-00404-00103511-00103699 of atmospheric composition change
+thjIdwW1ACk-00405-00103700-00103973 atmospheric composition monitoring and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00406-00103974-00104206 also promoting best practices of open
+thjIdwW1ACk-00407-00104207-00104494 data sharing and Open Access publication
+thjIdwW1ACk-00408-00104495-00104728 within Latin America and the Caribbean
+thjIdwW1ACk-00409-00104729-00104969 region
+thjIdwW1ACk-00410-00104970-00105197 another activity that was a big activity
+thjIdwW1ACk-00411-00105198-00105460 for us under can and also overlap with
+thjIdwW1ACk-00412-00105461-00105886 SDS was we were a part of the field
+thjIdwW1ACk-00413-00105888-00106084 campaign the summer intensive field
+thjIdwW1ACk-00414-00106085-00106457 campaign from the Kalima pH project the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00415-00106458-00106660 Caribbean air quality alert and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00416-00106661-00106931 management assistant system Public
+thjIdwW1ACk-00417-00106932-00107177 Health the field campaign was
+thjIdwW1ACk-00418-00107178-00107483 coordinated by Olga when she was still
+thjIdwW1ACk-00419-00107483-00107747 at Olga male when she was still at UPR
+thjIdwW1ACk-00420-00107748-00108028 real pre-address and our aerosols and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00421-00108029-00108257 dusting which would have been myself
+thjIdwW1ACk-00422-00108258-00108569 Ashford race and Rebecca Truitt Lucas
+thjIdwW1ACk-00423-00108570-00108773 who's one of our who's our research
+thjIdwW1ACk-00424-00108774-00109043 officer we provided daily weather and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00425-00109044-00109265 dust free things from June to August of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00426-00109266-00109649 both 2020 and 2021. the overall project
+thjIdwW1ACk-00427-00109650-00109810 one of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00428-00109811-00110039 other print the corporate one of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00429-00110040-00110254 principal investigators
+thjIdwW1ACk-00430-00110255-00110434 um who I haven't mentioned here but I
+thjIdwW1ACk-00431-00110435-00110758 will mention on uh Pablo Mendez Lazaro
+thjIdwW1ACk-00432-00110759-00110975 from University of Puerto Rico he is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00433-00110976-00111184 also a principal investigator along with
+thjIdwW1ACk-00434-00111185-00111460 all the of that project because there is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00435-00111461-00111677 a public health component we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00436-00111678-00111899 participated in these as I mentioned the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00437-00111900-00112108 summer and passive field campaign and it
+thjIdwW1ACk-00438-00112109-00112366 was a really it was a really rewarding
+thjIdwW1ACk-00439-00112367-00112752 experience because in 2020 when we were
+thjIdwW1ACk-00440-00112753-00113123 doing that campaign the Godzilla event
+thjIdwW1ACk-00441-00113124-00113351 our Mega dust event our historic Mega
+thjIdwW1ACk-00442-00113352-00113513 dust event in this region actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00443-00113514-00113758 occurred so we actually had a prime
+thjIdwW1ACk-00444-00113759-00114040 opportunity to actually do some sampling
+thjIdwW1ACk-00445-00114041-00114286 to do the the Spree fans it does
+thjIdwW1ACk-00446-00114288-00114521 forecast for that event and analyze that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00447-00114522-00114749 event as part of this project
+thjIdwW1ACk-00448-00114750-00115015 foreign
+thjIdwW1ACk-00449-00115016-00115390 Ty that we have been very involved in uh
+thjIdwW1ACk-00450-00115391-00115673 would be the Saharan Das advisories for
+thjIdwW1ACk-00451-00115674-00115943 the Caribbean Community Health sector so
+thjIdwW1ACk-00452-00115944-00116243 what we do every year during the season
+thjIdwW1ACk-00453-00116244-00116440 when you're going to get a lot of dust
+thjIdwW1ACk-00454-00116441-00116686 transport so let's say from Spring late
+thjIdwW1ACk-00455-00116688-00116951 spring into summer we would actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00456-00116952-00117281 send out an advisory to the Caribbean
+thjIdwW1ACk-00457-00117282-00117527 public health agency and the Pan
+thjIdwW1ACk-00458-00117528-00117719 American Health Organization for
+thjIdwW1ACk-00459-00117720-00117971 distribution to their networks and our
+thjIdwW1ACk-00460-00117972-00118390 team uh myself Ashford Rebecca and Dr
+thjIdwW1ACk-00461-00118391-00118625 David Farrell who's the principal of CMH
+thjIdwW1ACk-00462-00118626-00118847 we would put together these advisories
+thjIdwW1ACk-00463-00118848-00119057 and we would improve we would include
+thjIdwW1ACk-00464-00119058-00119260 comprehensive information on these
+thjIdwW1ACk-00465-00119261-00119584 advisories things such as of course the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00466-00119585-00119986 forecast for the dust concentration on
+thjIdwW1ACk-00467-00119988-00120389 the surface PM 2.5 the pm10
+thjIdwW1ACk-00468-00120390-00120551 concentration
+thjIdwW1ACk-00469-00120552-00120869 and we would also uh give an idea
+thjIdwW1ACk-00470-00120870-00121049 depending on if there's any significant
+thjIdwW1ACk-00471-00121050-00121223 weather in the area as well we want to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00472-00121224-00121486 include that we would also include any
+thjIdwW1ACk-00473-00121488-00121660 photos
+thjIdwW1ACk-00474-00121661-00121834 um to give an idea especially if it's a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00475-00121835-00122039 heavy dust event to show the visibility
+thjIdwW1ACk-00476-00122040-00122327 show that you can actually see that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00477-00122328-00122590 there's a dust incursion and we would
+thjIdwW1ACk-00478-00122591-00122765 also include things like implications
+thjIdwW1ACk-00479-00122766-00122957 for Respiratory illness just a little
+thjIdwW1ACk-00480-00122958-00123125 bit because we expect that the health
+thjIdwW1ACk-00481-00123126-00123299 people would take that information and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00482-00123300-00123460 they would add more to it because
+thjIdwW1ACk-00483-00123461-00123736 they're the medical and health experts
+thjIdwW1ACk-00484-00123738-00123875 um so we would include that kind of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00485-00123876-00124049 information and of course the contact
+thjIdwW1ACk-00486-00124050-00124295 information and where we would be how we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00487-00124296-00124463 would be providing updates and as we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00488-00124464-00124702 will be providing updates depending on
+thjIdwW1ACk-00489-00124703-00124954 the length of time that we expect to be
+thjIdwW1ACk-00490-00124955-00125290 impacted by a dust incursion and we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00491-00125291-00125465 found that these were fairly well
+thjIdwW1ACk-00492-00125466-00125747 received uh may not always have been
+thjIdwW1ACk-00493-00125748-00125986 widely distributed but
+thjIdwW1ACk-00494-00125988-00126190 um they were well received and we look
+thjIdwW1ACk-00495-00126191-00126340 forward to doing this more in the future
+thjIdwW1ACk-00496-00126341-00126604 and it really does overlap very well
+thjIdwW1ACk-00497-00126605-00126965 with what we are mandate as a part of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00498-00126966-00127349 the SDS was initiative
+thjIdwW1ACk-00499-00127350-00127475 another
+thjIdwW1ACk-00500-00127476-00127660 um set of advisories we've said that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00501-00127661-00127913 were very well received and were very
+thjIdwW1ACk-00502-00127914-00128243 useful were saharanas advisories for the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00503-00128244-00128513 Caribbean Community energy sector when
+thjIdwW1ACk-00504-00128514-00128771 we Pro when we produce these advisories
+thjIdwW1ACk-00505-00128772-00128945 we would actually include the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00506-00128946-00129131 information that was suited to the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00507-00129132-00129431 energy sector so information once again
+thjIdwW1ACk-00508-00129432-00129583 we wouldn't give the best forecast
+thjIdwW1ACk-00509-00129583-00129845 because they would need to know
+thjIdwW1ACk-00510-00129846-00130133 especially for those in you who have the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00511-00130133-00130319 people who have the employees working
+thjIdwW1ACk-00512-00130320-00130427 outside
+thjIdwW1ACk-00513-00130428-00130625 um things like the particulate matter
+thjIdwW1ACk-00514-00130626-00131014 concentrations thus concentrations and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00515-00131015-00131213 then we would also include things like
+thjIdwW1ACk-00516-00131214-00131537 lidar information we would include
+thjIdwW1ACk-00517-00131538-00131807 aerosol Optical depth because
+thjIdwW1ACk-00518-00131808-00132137 um the energy sector did ask for aod
+thjIdwW1ACk-00519-00132138-00132437 information as well the aod forecast so
+thjIdwW1ACk-00520-00132438-00132575 that is something we would have provided
+thjIdwW1ACk-00521-00132576-00132766 that was additional to what we would
+thjIdwW1ACk-00522-00132767-00133019 have said the health sector
+thjIdwW1ACk-00523-00133020-00133235 um the air the aod there to that we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00524-00133236-00133433 would have gone from internet
+thjIdwW1ACk-00525-00133434-00133721 the EOD forecast as I said and another
+thjIdwW1ACk-00526-00133722-00133883 important thing for the energy sector
+thjIdwW1ACk-00527-00133884-00134099 would have been radiation measurements
+thjIdwW1ACk-00528-00134100-00134381 so the pyranometer measurements taken at
+thjIdwW1ACk-00529-00134382-00134590 the Barbados Cloud observatory in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00530-00134591-00134885 people's Point uh which is right next to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00531-00134886-00135095 ragged point where we have the the dust
+thjIdwW1ACk-00532-00135096-00135311 measurements from University of Miami we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00533-00135312-00135490 also would send that information so that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00534-00135491-00135701 irradiance information was very
+thjIdwW1ACk-00535-00135702-00135981 important for them as well
+thjIdwW1ACk-00536-00135982-00136181 [Music]
+thjIdwW1ACk-00537-00136182-00136589 and when we send out the energy sector
+thjIdwW1ACk-00538-00136590-00136799 at laseries we would send this to the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00539-00136800-00137063 carry-com regional task force on climate
+thjIdwW1ACk-00540-00137064-00137254 resilient energy supplies for
+thjIdwW1ACk-00541-00137255-00137459 distribution to their networks and as I
+thjIdwW1ACk-00542-00137460-00137675 said this was very well received in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00543-00137676-00137939 addition in addition to our TMax the amh
+thjIdwW1ACk-00544-00137940-00138197 that that worked on these advisories we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00545-00138198-00138364 would have liaised with Deborah Gardner
+thjIdwW1ACk-00546-00138365-00138521 who would have been with the caracal
+thjIdwW1ACk-00547-00138522-00139127 Regional Task Force at the time
+thjIdwW1ACk-00548-00139128-00139361 and another
+thjIdwW1ACk-00549-00139362-00139661 um Venture initially we've that is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00550-00139662-00139835 fairly new to us and we've gotten into
+thjIdwW1ACk-00551-00139836-00140033 we've we had started air quality
+thjIdwW1ACk-00552-00140034-00140207 sampling and that is something we really
+thjIdwW1ACk-00553-00140208-00140435 want to expand on
+thjIdwW1ACk-00554-00140436-00140723 um uh We've we've started we had started
+thjIdwW1ACk-00555-00140724-00140897 some air quality sampling this was more
+thjIdwW1ACk-00556-00140898-00141257 preliminary using a high volume sampler
+thjIdwW1ACk-00557-00141258-00141497 and measuring photo suspended
+thjIdwW1ACk-00558-00141498-00141875 particulate matter we at the sapler the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00559-00141876-00142127 high fall sampler was installed on the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00560-00142128-00142499 roof at CMH and Rebecca to it
+thjIdwW1ACk-00561-00142500-00142769 um Lucas our research officer and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00562-00142770-00143014 Sharika Ali who is in the applied
+thjIdwW1ACk-00563-00143015-00143249 meteorology and climatology section it's
+thjIdwW1ACk-00564-00143250-00143489 a technical assistant also helps with
+thjIdwW1ACk-00565-00143490-00143723 the sampling actually they did a lot of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00566-00143724-00143933 this happening every day changing the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00567-00143934-00144173 sacklers doing the recording
+thjIdwW1ACk-00568-00144174-00144466 Etc and we did from some we did Summer
+thjIdwW1ACk-00569-00144467-00144790 2015 right through to Winter 2018 we did
+thjIdwW1ACk-00570-00144791-00145054 summer winter periods for the most part
+thjIdwW1ACk-00571-00145055-00145204 um the results have to be further
+thjIdwW1ACk-00572-00145205-00145390 analyzed because we didn't have the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00573-00145391-00145649 equipment at CMH to do it um the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00574-00145650-00146009 graphometric um win Etc so this is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00575-00146010-00146195 something that we we did a little bit of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00576-00146196-00146351 preliminary analysis but we need to do
+thjIdwW1ACk-00577-00146352-00146597 some more analysis on this but this is a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00578-00146598-00146795 relatively new thing for us the air
+thjIdwW1ACk-00579-00146796-00146981 quality sampling and we are really
+thjIdwW1ACk-00580-00146982-00147227 trying to improve our knowledge in terms
+thjIdwW1ACk-00581-00147228-00147425 of the techniques in terms of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00582-00147426-00147707 instrumentation to get further into this
+thjIdwW1ACk-00583-00147708-00147889 this area
+thjIdwW1ACk-00584-00147890-00148171 so in terms of the air quality sampling
+thjIdwW1ACk-00585-00148172-00148439 we we the good thing about it is that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00586-00148440-00148631 the collaboration is key especially if
+thjIdwW1ACk-00587-00148632-00148763 this is an area where we kind of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00588-00148764-00148937 relaxing knowledge or we latiny
+thjIdwW1ACk-00589-00148938-00149183 resources and the Personnel who can do
+thjIdwW1ACk-00590-00149184-00149399 it so there are a number of initiatives
+thjIdwW1ACk-00591-00149400-00149602 that have come on stream or are coming
+thjIdwW1ACk-00592-00149603-00149789 on stream that are going to help us in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00593-00149790-00149957 this math
+thjIdwW1ACk-00594-00149958-00150190 um there we had a collaboration with the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00595-00150191-00150485 Fulbright scholar who was here in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00596-00150486-00150702 Barbados from Shippensburg University
+thjIdwW1ACk-00597-00150703-00150923 and he's going to be setting up a purple
+thjIdwW1ACk-00598-00150924-00151289 air sensor Network low-cost answers we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00599-00151290-00151583 have procured um a sniffer 4D that can
+thjIdwW1ACk-00600-00151584-00151769 be fake vehicle or promoted to do
+thjIdwW1ACk-00601-00151770-00152069 monitoring we hope to get some more we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00602-00152070-00152357 are working to with the University of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00603-00152358-00152585 Miami but also to get to your monitors
+thjIdwW1ACk-00604-00152586-00152801 more than one not just um for ragged
+thjIdwW1ACk-00605-00152802-00153004 point but also to do
+thjIdwW1ACk-00606-00153005-00153311 um monitoring of air quality and dust
+thjIdwW1ACk-00607-00153312-00153557 Inland as well because rocket point is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00608-00153558-00153839 on the coast and would get the Saharan
+thjIdwW1ACk-00609-00153840-00154151 dust background uh the EDM instrument at
+thjIdwW1ACk-00610-00154152-00154349 Rocky Point placed by the max block
+thjIdwW1ACk-00611-00154350-00154595 Institute for chemistry we've been
+thjIdwW1ACk-00612-00154596-00154811 accessing data from that as well to help
+thjIdwW1ACk-00613-00154812-00155039 verification and monitoring
+thjIdwW1ACk-00614-00155040-00155237 the Barbados Environmental Protection
+thjIdwW1ACk-00615-00155238-00155435 department has been doing cycling at
+thjIdwW1ACk-00616-00155436-00155783 camh for a while now and it has included
+thjIdwW1ACk-00617-00155784-00155993 particulate matter among other things as
+thjIdwW1ACk-00618-00155994-00156221 well and then there are other Regional
+thjIdwW1ACk-00619-00156222-00156359 and international
+thjIdwW1ACk-00620-00156360-00156509 um or there is other Regional
+thjIdwW1ACk-00621-00156510-00156761 International data access
+thjIdwW1ACk-00622-00156762-00156959 um that we would like to pursue and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00623-00156960-00157163 we've started pursuing other event
+thjIdwW1ACk-00624-00157164-00157445 Environmental Protection departments our
+thjIdwW1ACk-00625-00157446-00157769 environmental departments uh pajo has
+thjIdwW1ACk-00626-00157770-00157931 had an initiative where they were doing
+thjIdwW1ACk-00627-00157932-00158219 some sampling in Barbados and I think
+thjIdwW1ACk-00628-00158220-00158399 they've left the purple air instruments
+thjIdwW1ACk-00629-00158400-00158585 so those are part of would be a part of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00630-00158586-00158849 the network other universities
+thjIdwW1ACk-00631-00158850-00159071 um so the collaboration really is key in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00632-00159072-00159533 terms of trying to get these things done
+thjIdwW1ACk-00633-00159534-00159695 so I'm going to turn over to Ashford
+thjIdwW1ACk-00634-00159696-00159887 right now who will be looking at the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00635-00159888-00160240 Dustin air quality modeling at CMH all
+thjIdwW1ACk-00636-00160241-00160397 right thank you Andrea
+thjIdwW1ACk-00637-00160398-00160637 so we're gonna move forward and look at
+thjIdwW1ACk-00638-00160638-00160739 the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00639-00160740-00160990 the just a brief overview of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00640-00160991-00161219 modeling work that we actually do at CIA
+thjIdwW1ACk-00641-00161220-00161321 image
+thjIdwW1ACk-00642-00161322-00161525 so if you could switch to the next later
+thjIdwW1ACk-00643-00161526-00161728 I'm sure sure
+thjIdwW1ACk-00644-00161729-00161866 okay
+thjIdwW1ACk-00645-00161867-00162149 so the model that we use as you all know
+thjIdwW1ACk-00646-00162150-00162539 is the um the wolf cam model and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00647-00162540-00162857 currently we use version 4.11 of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00648-00162858-00163114 Wolfgang model is used and our chemistry
+thjIdwW1ACk-00649-00163115-00163283 is actually initialized using the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00650-00163284-00163583 go-kart and is actually cycle daily
+thjIdwW1ACk-00651-00163584-00163961 so the when we produce so for example if
+thjIdwW1ACk-00652-00163962-00164314 you're doing um zero zero today
+thjIdwW1ACk-00653-00164315-00164693 when we do the um 12z run later on today
+thjIdwW1ACk-00654-00164694-00165059 we will actually use the the forecast
+thjIdwW1ACk-00655-00165060-00165413 12z um
+thjIdwW1ACk-00656-00165414-00165604 um chemistry that was forecasted for the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00657-00165605-00165833 particular time period and use that to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00658-00165834-00166037 initialize the model
+thjIdwW1ACk-00659-00166038-00166271 and models are actually initialized
+thjIdwW1ACk-00660-00166272-00166602 using GFS data at 0.25 degree resolution
+thjIdwW1ACk-00661-00166603-00166997 and as I as mentioned we do it at 0z and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00662-00166998-00167357 12z and we produce a 70 forecast
+thjIdwW1ACk-00663-00167358-00167604 and seven day forecast because
+thjIdwW1ACk-00664-00167605-00167866 well it does to travel across the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00665-00167867-00168209 Atlantic it takes roughly around 70s for
+thjIdwW1ACk-00666-00168210-00168407 it to travel across the Atlantic so we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00667-00168408-00168640 need to actually capture capture that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00668-00168641-00168959 that event from our source region and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00669-00168960-00169199 our domain resolution is 27 kilometers
+thjIdwW1ACk-00670-00169200-00169481 and it extends from 2 degrees south to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00671-00169482-00169871 36 degrees north and 45 degrees east to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00672-00169872-00170201 90 degrees west so we are hoping to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00673-00170202-00170489 actually really expand on our domain in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00674-00170490-00170716 the future but there are a lot of future
+thjIdwW1ACk-00675-00170717-00170861 work that will actually be actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00676-00170862-00171052 planning to do and I'll discuss it a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00677-00171053-00171199 little later
+thjIdwW1ACk-00678-00171200-00171404 so next time
+thjIdwW1ACk-00679-00171405-00171587 [Music]
+thjIdwW1ACk-00680-00171588-00171839 so we're just gonna look at um
+thjIdwW1ACk-00681-00171840-00172139 two of those events that we had but uh
+thjIdwW1ACk-00682-00172140-00172295 just for example to show you how the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00683-00172296-00172535 model is actually working so we had one
+thjIdwW1ACk-00684-00172536-00172913 dust event that was on July 10 2018. as
+thjIdwW1ACk-00685-00172914-00173093 you can see from the images was taken
+thjIdwW1ACk-00686-00173094-00173254 from the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00687-00173255-00173476 you stop off the Caribbean Institute for
+thjIdwW1ACk-00688-00173477-00173663 meteorology and hydrology and they can
+thjIdwW1ACk-00689-00173664-00173963 actually see the the poor visibility
+thjIdwW1ACk-00690-00173964-00174251 indicating that there's a a lot of dust
+thjIdwW1ACk-00691-00174252-00174413 within the atmosphere
+thjIdwW1ACk-00692-00174414-00174628 so that we had a large dose event as
+thjIdwW1ACk-00693-00174629-00174864 affecting Eastern Caribbean around July
+thjIdwW1ACk-00694-00174865-00175109 10 2018
+thjIdwW1ACk-00695-00175110-00175343 so we had initialized simulations on
+thjIdwW1ACk-00696-00175344-00175673 July 1st 0z and we cycle them through up
+thjIdwW1ACk-00697-00175674-00175895 until the fifth zero Z with the two
+thjIdwW1ACk-00698-00175896-00176033 minutes four the two minutes take
+thjIdwW1ACk-00699-00176034-00176369 forecasts until the 12th of July zero Z
+thjIdwW1ACk-00700-00176370-00176585 so
+thjIdwW1ACk-00701-00176586-00177076 next the next door
+thjIdwW1ACk-00702-00177077-00177316 that's event two which was which took
+thjIdwW1ACk-00703-00177317-00177647 place on September 20th 2018 and once
+thjIdwW1ACk-00704-00177648-00177814 again as you can see the visibility
+thjIdwW1ACk-00705-00177815-00178007 conditions at The Institute was really
+thjIdwW1ACk-00706-00178008-00178343 poor so usually from our Institute you
+thjIdwW1ACk-00707-00178344-00178619 can actually see the shoreline and the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00708-00178620-00178757 nice blue
+thjIdwW1ACk-00709-00178758-00179033 ocean but as you can see in this picture
+thjIdwW1ACk-00710-00179034-00179314 you can't see anything so it actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00711-00179315-00179513 shows that there's a lot of dust within
+thjIdwW1ACk-00712-00179514-00179740 the atmosphere and similarly to the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00713-00179741-00179981 first dose event the simulations will in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00714-00179982-00180319 this case initialize on September 10 0z
+thjIdwW1ACk-00715-00180320-00180731 and cycle through September 15 zero Z
+thjIdwW1ACk-00716-00180732-00180935 were deterministic forecast and then
+thjIdwW1ACk-00717-00180936-00181343 until the 22nd zero Z so next slide
+thjIdwW1ACk-00718-00181344-00181535 so that's a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00719-00181536-00181840 quick let's show you the experimental
+thjIdwW1ACk-00720-00181841-00182116 design so we basically initialize from
+thjIdwW1ACk-00721-00182117-00182321 the GFS forecast and it was just cycle
+thjIdwW1ACk-00722-00182322-00182531 every 24 hours
+thjIdwW1ACk-00723-00182532-00182801 so we started it off on the on the fifth
+thjIdwW1ACk-00724-00182802-00183088 of July 31st event I went all the way
+thjIdwW1ACk-00725-00183089-00183364 through to the returns and similarly we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00726-00183365-00183533 did the same thing with the second boss
+thjIdwW1ACk-00727-00183534-00183743 event started off from September 10th
+thjIdwW1ACk-00728-00183744-00183904 and cycle it all the way through to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00729-00183905-00184216 September 15th and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00730-00184217-00184499 basically what we found is that we were
+thjIdwW1ACk-00731-00184500-00184763 able to actually capture the Dos event
+thjIdwW1ACk-00732-00184764-00184997 five days in advance which is actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00733-00184998-00185152 really quite good
+thjIdwW1ACk-00734-00185153-00185663 all right so next slide
+thjIdwW1ACk-00735-00185664-00186028 so the data that we use uh from the CIA
+thjIdwW1ACk-00736-00186029-00186478 image Wolf Camera outputs we use surface
+thjIdwW1ACk-00737-00186479-00186778 dust concentration particulate matter P
+thjIdwW1ACk-00738-00186779-00187151 um 2.5 and 10 surface concentrations the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00739-00187152-00187421 aerosol Optical depth and our SAT light
+thjIdwW1ACk-00740-00187422-00187619 and ground base observations came from
+thjIdwW1ACk-00741-00187620-00187985 came from modus aeronet Noah as well I'm
+thjIdwW1ACk-00742-00187986-00188243 Global Maritime division the Barbados
+thjIdwW1ACk-00743-00188244-00188495 Cloud Observatory and also the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00744-00188496-00188747 Martinique air quality Observatory so
+thjIdwW1ACk-00745-00188748-00188975 basically what we did is compare our
+thjIdwW1ACk-00746-00188976-00189197 model simulations with actual
+thjIdwW1ACk-00747-00189198-00189557 observations and satellite base um data
+thjIdwW1ACk-00748-00189558-00189802 and do a little bit of verification to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00749-00189803-00190090 actually just just beyond the natural
+thjIdwW1ACk-00750-00190091-00190307 observations that we did
+thjIdwW1ACk-00751-00190308-00190535 just to get a little verification and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00752-00190536-00190702 see how the model is actually performing
+thjIdwW1ACk-00753-00190703-00190864 and how we can actually tweak it and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00754-00190865-00191093 improve on it because the whole goal is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00755-00191094-00191351 really to try and improve on this model
+thjIdwW1ACk-00756-00191352-00191740 to improve the predictability
+thjIdwW1ACk-00757-00191741-00192076 so next
+thjIdwW1ACk-00758-00192077-00192473 so if you look at the the simulations on
+thjIdwW1ACk-00759-00192474-00192814 the first dust event we can actually see
+thjIdwW1ACk-00760-00192815-00192995 right in our domain and this is actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00761-00192996-00193199 a graphic show you know so
+thjIdwW1ACk-00762-00193200-00193576 um domain where we could see that we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00763-00193577-00193828 have the recapturlist main source
+thjIdwW1ACk-00764-00193829-00194038 regeners in North African continent and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00765-00194039-00194314 also part of the Middle Eastern Middle
+thjIdwW1ACk-00766-00194315-00194597 East so we can see large amount of dust
+thjIdwW1ACk-00767-00194598-00194795 coming off of those regions and being
+thjIdwW1ACk-00768-00194796-00195173 transported from the African continent
+thjIdwW1ACk-00769-00195174-00195461 over the Atlantic into the Eastern
+thjIdwW1ACk-00770-00195462-00195743 Caribbean and we can see clearly that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00771-00195744-00195845 the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00772-00195846-00196043 the model simulations are actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00773-00196044-00196228 picked and picking it up really quite
+thjIdwW1ACk-00774-00196229-00196552 well and if you look at the total era of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00775-00196553-00196751 Soul Optical debt you could see that in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00776-00196752-00196978 the resource region they actually really
+thjIdwW1ACk-00777-00196979-00197171 really high
+thjIdwW1ACk-00778-00197172-00197357 the increase that I'm actually greater
+thjIdwW1ACk-00779-00197358-00197495 than one
+thjIdwW1ACk-00780-00197496-00197788 and within our within our region we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00781-00197789-00198047 could see that the the aerosol Optical
+thjIdwW1ACk-00782-00198048-00198551 debt is roughly between 0.1.5.1.6
+thjIdwW1ACk-00783-00198552-00199066 next slide Andrew
+thjIdwW1ACk-00784-00199067-00199349 so if you're looking at the verification
+thjIdwW1ACk-00785-00199350-00199619 of the aerosol Optical then where we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00786-00199620-00199854 actually use the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00787-00199855-00200069 correlate the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00788-00200070-00200363 our observations together with the both
+thjIdwW1ACk-00789-00200364-00200590 models and aeronet
+thjIdwW1ACk-00790-00200591-00200938 from at Rugged points we see that the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00791-00200939-00201221 correlation between models and cimh was
+thjIdwW1ACk-00792-00201222-00201400 actually really quite High we had a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00793-00201401-00201766 correlation coefficient of 0.987 while
+thjIdwW1ACk-00794-00201767-00201971 that of air Nathan CIA image correlation
+thjIdwW1ACk-00795-00201972-00202345 was roughly around 0.9
+thjIdwW1ACk-00796-00202346-00202793 0.973 so we could see that you know the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00797-00202794-00203111 the correlation between the aod the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00798-00203112-00203345 simulated aod and the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00799-00203346-00203681 measured and actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00800-00203682-00203890 satellite observation was actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00801-00203891-00204202 really quite really high so next slide
+thjIdwW1ACk-00802-00204203-00204485 I'm
+thjIdwW1ACk-00803-00204486-00204664 so now looking at the PM 2.5
+thjIdwW1ACk-00804-00204665-00205012 verification where we use both marketing
+thjIdwW1ACk-00805-00205013-00205348 and aeronet data so Martinique as you
+thjIdwW1ACk-00806-00205350-00205462 know Martinique does a lot of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00807-00205463-00205636 observations
+thjIdwW1ACk-00808-00205637-00205979 so our correlation with the Martinique
+thjIdwW1ACk-00809-00205980-00206142 um
+thjIdwW1ACk-00810-00206144-00206398 observations was a little lower but was
+thjIdwW1ACk-00811-00206400-00206608 about 0.76
+thjIdwW1ACk-00812-00206609-00207088 4 while that 12 aeronet and cimh had a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00813-00207089-00207232 higher correlation
+thjIdwW1ACk-00814-00207233-00207382 so
+thjIdwW1ACk-00815-00207383-00207569 we could still see that you know the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00816-00207569-00207742 performance is actually really quite
+thjIdwW1ACk-00817-00207744-00207827 well
+thjIdwW1ACk-00818-00207828-00208186 so next slide
+thjIdwW1ACk-00819-00208187-00208421 and pm10
+thjIdwW1ACk-00820-00208421-00208660 now we see it now Martinique known was
+thjIdwW1ACk-00821-00208661-00209021 still a little low with the pm10 at 0.67
+thjIdwW1ACk-00822-00209021-00209362 while that of the air that showed 0.9 so
+thjIdwW1ACk-00823-00209363-00209657 let's make us well made me start to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00824-00209658-00209879 wonder and think you know why does it
+thjIdwW1ACk-00825-00209880-00209981 you know we're getting better
+thjIdwW1ACk-00826-00209982-00210353 correlation at the barbarino site and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00827-00210354-00210677 not at the Martinique side so since then
+thjIdwW1ACk-00828-00210678-00210844 I've tried and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00829-00210846-00211158 do a lot of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00830-00211159-00211510 analysis I'm looking into the reasons of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00831-00211511-00211877 of why why it could possibly be and one
+thjIdwW1ACk-00832-00211878-00212081 of the um reasons I actually came up
+thjIdwW1ACk-00833-00212082-00212356 with it could be because of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00834-00212357-00212621 limitations where the with any model and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00835-00212621-00212896 the actual resolution itself whereas
+thjIdwW1ACk-00836-00212898-00213208 Martinique it could be that they have a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00837-00213209-00213373 a lot more
+thjIdwW1ACk-00838-00213373-00213701 mesoscale factors are taking place and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00839-00213702-00213881 we are not accounting fit in our model
+thjIdwW1ACk-00840-00213882-00214055 because since our resolution is actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00841-00214056-00214241 27 kilometers
+thjIdwW1ACk-00842-00214242-00214494 so next next slide
+thjIdwW1ACk-00843-00214494-00214655 [Music]
+thjIdwW1ACk-00844-00214656-00214894 so when it does event two now
+thjIdwW1ACk-00845-00214896-00215231 we can see that our wolf simulations are
+thjIdwW1ACk-00846-00215232-00215381 actually picking up where a lot of does
+thjIdwW1ACk-00847-00215382-00215681 offer resource region and there's large
+thjIdwW1ACk-00848-00215682-00215934 amounts of dust coming off into the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00849-00215935-00216191 Atlantic of the African coast and being
+thjIdwW1ACk-00850-00216192-00216491 transported into the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00851-00216492-00216803 Eastern Caribbean and as you can see if
+thjIdwW1ACk-00852-00216804-00216984 you had if you compare with the previous
+thjIdwW1ACk-00853-00216985-00217373 event this does event was actually much
+thjIdwW1ACk-00854-00217373-00217721 was much much larger in comparison
+thjIdwW1ACk-00855-00217721-00217925 because it was the industries was
+thjIdwW1ACk-00856-00217926-00218087 actually much thicker
+thjIdwW1ACk-00857-00218088-00218291 and we could see that the aerosol
+thjIdwW1ACk-00858-00218292-00218608 Optical depth in our region
+thjIdwW1ACk-00859-00218609-00218939 right was roughly between the same
+thjIdwW1ACk-00860-00218940-00219292 values of roughly between 0.4 and 0.6
+thjIdwW1ACk-00861-00219294-00219508 where we had instances where the aerosol
+thjIdwW1ACk-00862-00219509-00219887 Optical debt actually reached values of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00863-00219888-00220325 one and greater and just the north of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00864-00220326-00220679 Guyana and the east of Trinidad
+thjIdwW1ACk-00865-00220680-00221146 so our next hundred
+thjIdwW1ACk-00866-00221148-00221382 so when looking at the aod verification
+thjIdwW1ACk-00867-00221383-00221689 with both models and internet
+thjIdwW1ACk-00868-00221690-00221969 we modest actually had a higher
+thjIdwW1ACk-00869-00221969-00222305 correlation with 0.976 while at the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00870-00222306-00222623 internet the correlation kind of dropped
+thjIdwW1ACk-00871-00222623-00222706 off
+thjIdwW1ACk-00872-00222707-00222958 and it actually kind of dropped off on
+thjIdwW1ACk-00873-00222959-00223048 the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00874-00223050-00223337 when we take into consideration from the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00875-00223338-00223582 Dos event and going after it it kind of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00876-00223583-00223744 basically dropped off from then as you
+thjIdwW1ACk-00877-00223746-00223931 can see from the graph here
+thjIdwW1ACk-00878-00223932-00224171 before that prior to the actual this
+thjIdwW1ACk-00879-00224171-00224501 event on the 20th we can actually see
+thjIdwW1ACk-00880-00224502-00224753 that the values between the wolf cam
+thjIdwW1ACk-00881-00224754-00224958 model and and what this was actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00882-00224959-00225310 quite close and as we came to the dust
+thjIdwW1ACk-00883-00225311-00225508 event they had a little bit of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00884-00225509-00225784 there were the the model of it was
+thjIdwW1ACk-00885-00225785-00226084 basically on the estimated the aerosol
+thjIdwW1ACk-00886-00226085-00226258 Optical depth
+thjIdwW1ACk-00887-00226259-00226655 whereas in comparison or with the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00888-00226656-00226906 with the data from the internet and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00889-00226907-00227225 rugged point with the unidos event the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00890-00227226-00227308 model
+thjIdwW1ACk-00891-00227309-00227482 they don't show that the model was
+thjIdwW1ACk-00892-00227483-00227723 actually overestimating it while the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00893-00227723-00227932 observation from the aerial net network
+thjIdwW1ACk-00894-00227933-00228323 was was much was not much lower but a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00895-00228323-00228467 little bit lower
+thjIdwW1ACk-00896-00228467-00228760 next slide
+thjIdwW1ACk-00897-00228761-00228965 so now looking at the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00898-00228966-00229396 PL 2.51 PM 10 verification and this is
+thjIdwW1ACk-00899-00229398-00229667 with with um data from only marketing
+thjIdwW1ACk-00900-00229667-00229805 only because we didn't add any
+thjIdwW1ACk-00901-00229806-00229979 information from
+thjIdwW1ACk-00902-00229980-00230339 from the dragon points inside that this
+thjIdwW1ACk-00903-00230340-00230639 particular for this particular event and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00904-00230640-00230794 we could see that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00905-00230796-00231017 one thing we can see is that during the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00906-00231017-00231221 event they actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00907-00231221-00231460 if the values were actually really quite
+thjIdwW1ACk-00908-00231461-00231725 close it was priority does event where
+thjIdwW1ACk-00909-00231726-00232031 it wasn't closed so as a result we had a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00910-00232032-00232319 strong positive correlation and our
+thjIdwW1ACk-00911-00232319-00232542 correlation was roughly between
+thjIdwW1ACk-00912-00232544-00233029 0.178 for PM 10 and
+thjIdwW1ACk-00913-00233030-00233465 0.743 for PM 2.5 so we have some a
+thjIdwW1ACk-00914-00233466-00233677 little bit of improvement in in actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00915-00233678-00233969 really com with the comparison with the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00916-00233969-00234256 Martinique data and the cimh simulated
+thjIdwW1ACk-00917-00234257-00234617 data for the PM 2.5 RPM 10 from this dos
+thjIdwW1ACk-00918-00234617-00234898 event in comparison to the first dose
+thjIdwW1ACk-00919-00234900-00235241 event next slide
+thjIdwW1ACk-00920-00235242-00235601 so that's some reality model performance
+thjIdwW1ACk-00921-00235602-00235913 that the one thing we note that we saw
+thjIdwW1ACk-00922-00235914-00236134 is that the cmf wolfchem is actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00923-00236135-00236423 able to predict those inclusions over
+thjIdwW1ACk-00924-00236423-00236644 the Eastern Caribbean five days in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00925-00236646-00236831 advance and this trend actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00926-00236832-00237173 continued all the way to present so not
+thjIdwW1ACk-00927-00237173-00237379 mentioned here we were able to actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00928-00237380-00237725 forecast the the massive Godzilla um
+thjIdwW1ACk-00929-00237726-00238037 this event that we had in 2020 and the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00930-00238038-00238271 CIA major of chem is actually able to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00931-00238271-00238619 predict the aod trend and also the PM
+thjIdwW1ACk-00932-00238619-00239123 2.5 and PM 2.1 PM 10 Trends one thing I
+thjIdwW1ACk-00933-00239123-00239315 must mention here is that all model
+thjIdwW1ACk-00934-00239316-00239608 actually did really poor in the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00935-00239609-00239867 predictability of actual ozone
+thjIdwW1ACk-00936-00239867-00240131 so and this is this brings us this
+thjIdwW1ACk-00937-00240132-00240334 brings me now to my next point and our
+thjIdwW1ACk-00938-00240335-00240658 next um future where we tend to where we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00939-00240659-00240898 are like where we login to go and take
+thjIdwW1ACk-00940-00240900-00241079 our model
+thjIdwW1ACk-00941-00241080-00241456 now um next slide Andrew yeah
+thjIdwW1ACk-00942-00241457-00241684 so the future developments that we have
+thjIdwW1ACk-00943-00241685-00241931 is that we are currently right now I'm
+thjIdwW1ACk-00944-00241932-00242194 installing the dark four of camp at CI
+thjIdwW1ACk-00945-00242196-00242410 image to actually assimilate chemistry
+thjIdwW1ACk-00946-00242411-00242698 observations which is actually hope to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00947-00242700-00243077 help with the predictability of the of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00948-00243078-00243323 of thus and an air quality within the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00949-00243323-00243442 region
+thjIdwW1ACk-00950-00243444-00243653 so
+thjIdwW1ACk-00951-00243654-00244025 I have a majority of it already
+thjIdwW1ACk-00952-00244026-00244342 installed so now I just actually need to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00953-00244344-00244546 actually sit down and run some test
+thjIdwW1ACk-00954-00244548-00244684 cases
+thjIdwW1ACk-00955-00244685-00244967 and determine if you can run a data
+thjIdwW1ACk-00956-00244967-00245201 simulation routine operationally because
+thjIdwW1ACk-00957-00245202-00245441 as you can see based on what Andrea
+thjIdwW1ACk-00958-00245442-00245621 provided before we have a lot of
+thjIdwW1ACk-00959-00245621-00245921 stakeholders that actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00960-00245921-00246155 um really interested in the products
+thjIdwW1ACk-00961-00246156-00246713 that we actually all put in so we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00962-00246714-00247048 due to our limited competing power right
+thjIdwW1ACk-00963-00247050-00247294 we need to be able to come up with that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00964-00247296-00247553 with with a system with a free move that
+thjIdwW1ACk-00965-00247554-00247787 will actually work in real time and be
+thjIdwW1ACk-00966-00247788-00248003 beneficial and add value so we just
+thjIdwW1ACk-00967-00248004-00248158 don't want to just say we're doing data
+thjIdwW1ACk-00968-00248159-00248398 simulation and then you know we can't
+thjIdwW1ACk-00969-00248400-00248675 really fulfill the Mandate of actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00970-00248676-00248891 given
+thjIdwW1ACk-00971-00248892-00249106 um producing the forecast in real time
+thjIdwW1ACk-00972-00249107-00249329 for the national
+thjIdwW1ACk-00973-00249330-00249539 um service within our region and also
+thjIdwW1ACk-00974-00249540-00249737 the other agencies that we actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-00975-00249738-00249898 collaborate with
+thjIdwW1ACk-00976-00249900-00250187 so another thing that we also want to do
+thjIdwW1ACk-00977-00250188-00250444 too is actually we are looking at we
+thjIdwW1ACk-00978-00250446-00250715 would like to increase our domain size
+thjIdwW1ACk-00979-00250716-00250889 because initially we started we had
+thjIdwW1ACk-00980-00250890-00251039 started already started obviously
+thjIdwW1ACk-00981-00251040-00251291 started off with a larger domain
+thjIdwW1ACk-00982-00251292-00251506 but our resolution was actually much
+thjIdwW1ACk-00983-00251507-00251789 higher so we increased the resolution so
+thjIdwW1ACk-00984-00251790-00252101 it went down to 27 kilometers so because
+thjIdwW1ACk-00985-00252102-00252323 of that now we needed to decrease our
+thjIdwW1ACk-00986-00252323-00252460 domain size
+thjIdwW1ACk-00987-00252461-00252677 so we have a little more competent power
+thjIdwW1ACk-00988-00252678-00252767 now
+thjIdwW1ACk-00989-00252767-00253037 but it's actually to find the balance
+thjIdwW1ACk-00990-00253038-00253313 now between
+thjIdwW1ACk-00991-00253314-00253584 um you data simulation routines
+thjIdwW1ACk-00992-00253585-00253960 and the domain size and the actual
+thjIdwW1ACk-00993-00253961-00254303 forecast link so the fork and one thing
+thjIdwW1ACk-00994-00254304-00254465 we know that can change is that the
+thjIdwW1ACk-00995-00254466-00254656 forecast link can change we need it to
+thjIdwW1ACk-00996-00254657-00254951 be seven days at least seven days in
+thjIdwW1ACk-00997-00254952-00255155 order to effect because one thing you
+thjIdwW1ACk-00998-00255156-00255287 have found when I was doing all those
+thjIdwW1ACk-00999-00255288-00255448 simulations before and all those test
+thjIdwW1ACk-01000-00255450-00256098 cases right is that when you
+thjIdwW1ACk-01001-00256100-00256421 predict this five days in advance right
+thjIdwW1ACk-01002-00256421-00256721 when we just do the um simulation so
+thjIdwW1ACk-01003-00256721-00257082 five days right there will
+thjIdwW1ACk-01004-00257083-00257489 you you basically missing a lot of a lot
+thjIdwW1ACk-01005-00257490-00257663 of stuff because five days was basically
+thjIdwW1ACk-01006-00257664-00257980 like the starting point because only the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01007-00257981-00258196 6007 you still get invaluable
+thjIdwW1ACk-01008-00258198-00258425 information that could be passed on so
+thjIdwW1ACk-01009-00258426-00258671 like so let me say so for those those
+thjIdwW1ACk-01010-00258671-00259030 events that occurred on on 20th of
+thjIdwW1ACk-01011-00259031-00259337 September right even though we we were
+thjIdwW1ACk-01012-00259338-00259625 able to forecast it on the 15 we had an
+thjIdwW1ACk-01013-00259626-00259817 idea that those events will actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-01014-00259817-00260051 last for more than
+thjIdwW1ACk-01015-00260052-00260369 two days three days because for the in
+thjIdwW1ACk-01016-00260369-00260548 day five day six and day seven
+thjIdwW1ACk-01017-00260550-00260782 industrial persistent over the region so
+thjIdwW1ACk-01018-00260783-00261023 this is why we need to have the the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01019-00261023-00261329 forecast length remain seven days or
+thjIdwW1ACk-01020-00261330-00261629 even probably increasing if possible but
+thjIdwW1ACk-01021-00261630-00261839 for me you know seven years is actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-01022-00261840-00262151 you can't go less than seven days and we
+thjIdwW1ACk-01023-00262152-00262343 also look into produce new products to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01024-00262344-00262601 our user Community such as vertical
+thjIdwW1ACk-01025-00262602-00262895 profiles and time series so there's a
+thjIdwW1ACk-01026-00262896-00263063 lot of stuff that we actually have in
+thjIdwW1ACk-01027-00263064-00263513 store for 2023 but
+thjIdwW1ACk-01028-00263514-00263747 based on our schedule and our load you
+thjIdwW1ACk-01029-00263748-00263927 know it's going to be really hard but we
+thjIdwW1ACk-01030-00263928-00264077 actually really determined to actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-01031-00264078-00264280 make this happen because this is
+thjIdwW1ACk-01032-00264281-00264575 something that we actually committed to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01033-00264576-00264905 and really would like to see true
+thjIdwW1ACk-01034-00264906-00265247 so this is it for me any other any
+thjIdwW1ACk-01035-00265248-00265451 so next I think um
+thjIdwW1ACk-01036-00265452-00265721 you take back over from here Andrew no
+thjIdwW1ACk-01037-00265722-00265901 problem I'll just close up because in
+thjIdwW1ACk-01038-00265902-00266141 the interests the time but basically as
+thjIdwW1ACk-01039-00266142-00266423 we would assign collaboration is key and
+thjIdwW1ACk-01040-00266424-00266615 we have a lot of stakeholders we have a
+thjIdwW1ACk-01041-00266616-00266897 lot of collaborators that really
+thjIdwW1ACk-01042-00266898-00267119 um you know not only that we rely on
+thjIdwW1ACk-01043-00267120-00267455 them but they also rely on us so this is
+thjIdwW1ACk-01044-00267456-00267610 key to making things happen and this
+thjIdwW1ACk-01045-00267611-00267797 would have been born in terms of SDS
+thjIdwW1ACk-01046-00267798-00267965 ones as well there's lots of
+thjIdwW1ACk-01047-00267966-00268163 collaboration going on there because of
+thjIdwW1ACk-01048-00268164-00268391 the initiative and because of what it
+thjIdwW1ACk-01049-00268392-00268613 aims to do you're translating Research
+thjIdwW1ACk-01050-00268614-00268847 into operations and also into other
+thjIdwW1ACk-01051-00268848-00269093 information for end users and
+thjIdwW1ACk-01052-00269094-00269225 stakeholders
+thjIdwW1ACk-01053-00269226-00269506 so basically this is it from our end we
+thjIdwW1ACk-01054-00269507-00269693 want to thank you for listening this is
+thjIdwW1ACk-01055-00269694-00269987 our team and these are the websites we
+thjIdwW1ACk-01056-00269988-00270179 are hoping to update we are still going
+thjIdwW1ACk-01057-00270180-00270425 to update our Pan American Center
+thjIdwW1ACk-01058-00270426-00270749 website so in 2023 we will be moving
+thjIdwW1ACk-01059-00270750-00270989 forward with that after the holidays
+thjIdwW1ACk-01060-00270990-00271253 um but this is our theme and um thanks
+thjIdwW1ACk-01061-00271254-00271543 to Ashford for co-presenting with me
+thjIdwW1ACk-01062-00271544-00271805 many thanks to Rebecca our research
+thjIdwW1ACk-01063-00271806-00272015 officer who's done a tremendous amount
+thjIdwW1ACk-01064-00272016-00272267 of work Dr Farrell our principal David
+thjIdwW1ACk-01065-00272268-00272471 Farrell who has been very supportive of
+thjIdwW1ACk-01066-00272472-00272621 us as well
+thjIdwW1ACk-01067-00272622-00272801 um so thank you all for listening and we
+thjIdwW1ACk-01068-00272802-00273041 were very glad and very honored to be
+thjIdwW1ACk-01069-00273042-00273323 able to share what we do with you thanks
+thjIdwW1ACk-01070-00273324-00273706 again
+thjIdwW1ACk-01071-00273707-00274079 thanks a lot Andrea I don't know if you
+thjIdwW1ACk-01072-00274080-00274432 can open your cameras also Ash
+thjIdwW1ACk-01073-00274433-00274823 great I have here new at another chart
+thjIdwW1ACk-01074-00274824-00275027 that will serve with us the session is
+thjIdwW1ACk-01075-00275028-00275165 San Diego
+thjIdwW1ACk-01076-00275166-00275467 is is a member of this
+thjIdwW1ACk-01077-00275468-00275789 member of the Pan American node
+thjIdwW1ACk-01078-00275790-00276023 yeah and yeah expert in Satellite
+thjIdwW1ACk-01079-00276024-00276347 products and together with Ernest answer
+thjIdwW1ACk-01080-00276348-00276480 will
+thjIdwW1ACk-01081-00276481-00276875 tell your session and thanks a lot for
+thjIdwW1ACk-01082-00276876-00277043 the nice talk
+thjIdwW1ACk-01083-00277044-00277265 um I can see a couple of questions
+thjIdwW1ACk-01084-00277266-00277619 that some of you can launch Santiago
+thjIdwW1ACk-01085-00277620-00277858 Ernest to the speakers
+thjIdwW1ACk-01086-00277859-00278177 yeah I mean I can address one of them I
+thjIdwW1ACk-01087-00278178-00278477 I guess one is from Carolyn and I'm
+thjIdwW1ACk-01088-00278478-00278689 sorry if I'm saying this incorrect
+thjIdwW1ACk-01089-00278690-00278932 Carolyn scherzing
+thjIdwW1ACk-01090-00278933-00279215 but it's a good question I think uh what
+thjIdwW1ACk-01091-00279216-00279437 is I guess it addresses the point of how
+thjIdwW1ACk-01092-00279438-00279625 you share this information with
+thjIdwW1ACk-01093-00279626-00280001 stakeholders and the health ministries I
+thjIdwW1ACk-01094-00280002-00280187 guess I guess that's a very important
+thjIdwW1ACk-01095-00280188-00280517 part of equation not to make sure that
+thjIdwW1ACk-01096-00280518-00280805 that that's smooth how does it work for
+thjIdwW1ACk-01097-00280806-00281110 you that is a great question and that is
+thjIdwW1ACk-01098-00281111-00281399 something that um we have been trying to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01099-00281400-00281597 figure out how to best do it the reason
+thjIdwW1ACk-01100-00281598-00281819 why we shared with the Caribbean public
+thjIdwW1ACk-01101-00281820-00282095 health agency and Department Pan
+thjIdwW1ACk-01102-00282096-00282401 American Health Organization was that if
+thjIdwW1ACk-01103-00282402-00282701 the communication chain goes as we
+thjIdwW1ACk-01104-00282702-00282923 expect they would have been able to send
+thjIdwW1ACk-01105-00282924-00283115 to all of the Ministries because you
+thjIdwW1ACk-01106-00283116-00283234 know you would know that the public
+thjIdwW1ACk-01107-00283235-00283510 health agency at pahoe would actually be
+thjIdwW1ACk-01108-00283511-00283697 the one to be able to contact all the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01109-00283698-00283949 ministries of health and who would be
+thjIdwW1ACk-01110-00283950-00284105 able to send on the information the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01111-00284106-00284303 hospitals but there would have been he
+thjIdwW1ACk-01112-00284304-00284584 wants to react to send information to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01113-00284585-00284819 the ministries of Health for us so what
+thjIdwW1ACk-01114-00284820-00285017 we need to do is now do a postmortem to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01115-00285018-00285251 see if that was successful
+thjIdwW1ACk-01116-00285252-00285556 um and if so can we figure out how to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01117-00285557-00285832 improve it but really and truly it is
+thjIdwW1ACk-01118-00285833-00286019 easier and it is better and it actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-01119-00286020-00286205 is the best protocol to send it to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01120-00286206-00286408 somebody like Tahoe or the Caribbean
+thjIdwW1ACk-01121-00286409-00286613 public health agency so then they can
+thjIdwW1ACk-01122-00286614-00286769 send it to the Ministries so we are
+thjIdwW1ACk-01123-00286770-00286937 going to look into that because see if
+thjIdwW1ACk-01124-00286938-00287213 this can be done effectively but that
+thjIdwW1ACk-01125-00287214-00287434 doesn't apply our plan was for that
+thjIdwW1ACk-01126-00287435-00287627 information to trickle down to the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01127-00287628-00287860 health ministries and the hospitals so
+thjIdwW1ACk-01128-00287861-00288106 we will work on that for 2023 improving
+thjIdwW1ACk-01129-00288107-00288299 that communication excellent question
+thjIdwW1ACk-01130-00288300-00288671 thank you
+thjIdwW1ACk-01131-00288672-00289001 yeah and that's interesting because in a
+thjIdwW1ACk-01132-00289002-00289247 way you need to teach the the public and
+thjIdwW1ACk-01133-00289248-00289475 the officials involved yes it's a back
+thjIdwW1ACk-01134-00289476-00289739 and forth thing yeah you know yes for
+thjIdwW1ACk-01135-00289740-00289997 sure yeah yeah
+thjIdwW1ACk-01136-00289998-00290273 also because I suppose that is the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01137-00290274-00290560 national authorities who has uh rights
+thjIdwW1ACk-01138-00290561-00290951 or or the legal responsibility to launch
+thjIdwW1ACk-01139-00290952-00291239 money and everything right correct yeah
+thjIdwW1ACk-01140-00291240-00291532 so that any forecasts no if anything we
+thjIdwW1ACk-01141-00291533-00291784 would advise but actually in case of
+thjIdwW1ACk-01142-00291785-00291995 forecast now we met office would put up
+thjIdwW1ACk-01143-00291996-00292247 the advisory for that but we were just
+thjIdwW1ACk-01144-00292248-00292480 they would use our products so similarly
+thjIdwW1ACk-01145-00292481-00292787 there as well the legal entity would be
+thjIdwW1ACk-01146-00292788-00293339 whomever yeah
+thjIdwW1ACk-01147-00293340-00293519 um I think there is another second more
+thjIdwW1ACk-01148-00293520-00293806 technical question uh I'm not sure here
+thjIdwW1ACk-01149-00293807-00294155 what the context is uh but an anonymous
+thjIdwW1ACk-01150-00294156-00294280 question is asking about the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01151-00294281-00294575 microphysics the the microphysics used
+thjIdwW1ACk-01152-00294576-00294845 uh for the simulation in those two two
+thjIdwW1ACk-01153-00294846-00295169 events but it's not super clear to me uh
+thjIdwW1ACk-01154-00295170-00295456 maybe one of you cannot dress up it's
+thjIdwW1ACk-01155-00295457-00295663 it's about the worst cam simulations
+thjIdwW1ACk-01156-00295664-00296003 yeah yeah I believe in the view of Camp
+thjIdwW1ACk-01157-00296004-00296189 simulations they are probably asking
+thjIdwW1ACk-01158-00296190-00296453 about the microphysics
+thjIdwW1ACk-01159-00296454-00296801 um schemes that we use
+thjIdwW1ACk-01160-00296802-00296951 um I actually can't remember the name of
+thjIdwW1ACk-01161-00296952-00297130 a fan right but I know the numbers three
+thjIdwW1ACk-01162-00297131-00297484 numbers really great so I apologize for
+thjIdwW1ACk-01163-00297485-00297593 that because I don't remember the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01164-00297594-00297839 numbers off and I remember the name
+thjIdwW1ACk-01165-00297840-00298043 sorry orphan because there are so many
+thjIdwW1ACk-01166-00298044-00298271 numbers but I actually use microphysics
+thjIdwW1ACk-01167-00298272-00298656 team for when I do my um
+thjIdwW1ACk-01168-00298657-00299045 simulations with the wolf game so I've
+thjIdwW1ACk-01169-00299046-00299315 never able to answer that person myself
+thjIdwW1ACk-01170-00299316-00299537 I could actually probably look up the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01171-00299538-00299734 actual name of it
+thjIdwW1ACk-01172-00299735-00300077 if in fact
+thjIdwW1ACk-01173-00300078-00300808 four is is um
+thjIdwW1ACk-01174-00300809-00301079 oops
+thjIdwW1ACk-01175-00301080-00301349 uh just I want to mention that the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01176-00301350-00301606 context of the speakers will be in the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01177-00301607-00301865 website together with the slides then
+thjIdwW1ACk-01178-00301866-00302051 maybe you can keep conversation about
+thjIdwW1ACk-01179-00302052-00302297 these technical issues if you are
+thjIdwW1ACk-01180-00302298-00302555 interested and if this speak if this
+thjIdwW1ACk-01181-00302556-00302860 person that is asking you uh
+thjIdwW1ACk-01182-00302861-00303119 because now he's anonymous for us then
+thjIdwW1ACk-01183-00303120-00303317 we will share with you the information
+thjIdwW1ACk-01184-00303318-00303730 of ash from and Andrea then you can have
+thjIdwW1ACk-01185-00303731-00304025 one single moment five classes I see my
+thjIdwW1ACk-01186-00304026-00304505 business is not actually use me news
+thjIdwW1ACk-01187-00304506-00304877 cam
+thjIdwW1ACk-01188-00304878-00305299 configuration yeah yeah
+thjIdwW1ACk-01189-00305300-00305645 and the next the next question is also
+thjIdwW1ACk-01190-00305646-00305956 for you Ash yeah oh yeah um yeah yeah so
+thjIdwW1ACk-01191-00305957-00306130 initially right yeah I saw the question
+thjIdwW1ACk-01192-00306131-00306460 I'm sorry so initially right we are
+thjIdwW1ACk-01193-00306461-00306658 going to assimilate um satellite
+thjIdwW1ACk-01194-00306659-00306941 observations first because we want to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01195-00306942-00307180 test all the assimilation scheme and use
+thjIdwW1ACk-01196-00307181-00307432 the wrong ways observations to actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-01197-00307433-00307817 verify the just to make sure you know
+thjIdwW1ACk-01198-00307818-00307930 what they put you know what they're
+thjIdwW1ACk-01199-00307931-00308182 simulated and what the producing is
+thjIdwW1ACk-01200-00308183-00308471 actually added value you just don't want
+thjIdwW1ACk-01201-00308472-00308656 to just do data simulation just because
+thjIdwW1ACk-01202-00308657-00308854 you can do data simulation because if
+thjIdwW1ACk-01203-00308855-00309010 you know about data simulation you know
+thjIdwW1ACk-01204-00309011-00309095 you can
+thjIdwW1ACk-01205-00309096-00309310 do data simulation you can actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-01206-00309311-00309569 output garbage it all depends on what
+thjIdwW1ACk-01207-00309570-00309773 you input and how you tune your system
+thjIdwW1ACk-01208-00309774-00310030 as well too and you also because so we
+thjIdwW1ACk-01209-00310031-00310260 need to leave back
+thjIdwW1ACk-01210-00310261-00310517 observations to actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-01211-00310518-00310817 um help fine-tune and verify the model
+thjIdwW1ACk-01212-00310818-00310949 because
+thjIdwW1ACk-01213-00310950-00311260 if you if you put in everything and then
+thjIdwW1ACk-01214-00311261-00311447 use any same observation that you put in
+thjIdwW1ACk-01215-00311448-00311632 it's kind of like cheating
+thjIdwW1ACk-01216-00311633-00311760 all right
+thjIdwW1ACk-01217-00311761-00311987 able to answer that question properly
+thjIdwW1ACk-01218-00311988-00312065 but
+thjIdwW1ACk-01219-00312066-00312329 so we we using Supply information
+thjIdwW1ACk-01220-00312330-00312623 initially at first and leaving back the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01221-00312624-00312797 observations some of the observations
+thjIdwW1ACk-01222-00312798-00313001 actually we actually will assimilate
+thjIdwW1ACk-01223-00313002-00313187 some of the observations are we using
+thjIdwW1ACk-01224-00313188-00313354 that some of some of them to do the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01225-00313355-00313637 verification and once everything is fine
+thjIdwW1ACk-01226-00313638-00313871 and working then then we'd start
+thjIdwW1ACk-01227-00313872-00314063 assimilating all the ground-based
+thjIdwW1ACk-01228-00314064-00314303 observations as well in the new model
+thjIdwW1ACk-01229-00314304-00315329 this is the oops right
+thjIdwW1ACk-01230-00315330-00315641 the the next question is also about for
+thjIdwW1ACk-01231-00315642-00316054 you guys is asking the type of data that
+thjIdwW1ACk-01232-00316055-00316397 you show in the slide 22 that is asking
+thjIdwW1ACk-01233-00316398-00316745 if this was forecast or or satellite I'm
+thjIdwW1ACk-01234-00316746-00317069 not sure what was the slide 22. but it's
+thjIdwW1ACk-01235-00317070-00317327 like 22
+thjIdwW1ACk-01236-00317328-00317506 you want me pull it back up I can do
+thjIdwW1ACk-01237-00317507-00317729 that that's not a problem yeah number 20
+thjIdwW1ACk-01238-00317730-00318097 let me just yeah let me just find 22 22.
+thjIdwW1ACk-01239-00318098-00318419 yeah those are those are forecasts
+thjIdwW1ACk-01240-00318420-00318665 yeah I think that was a fortune that's
+thjIdwW1ACk-01241-00318666-00319019 on 22. yeah yes you see our image models
+thjIdwW1ACk-01242-00319020-00319204 are actually forecast and whatever I
+thjIdwW1ACk-01243-00319205-00319423 compared with this actual observations
+thjIdwW1ACk-01244-00319424-00319817 this is 22 I just put up here
+thjIdwW1ACk-01245-00319818-00320027 this will be the forecast that was uh
+thjIdwW1ACk-01246-00320028-00320434 yeah yeah yeah yeah
+thjIdwW1ACk-01247-00320435-00321445 yeah these are the four guys
+thjIdwW1ACk-01248-00321446-00321787 uh I have a question for you
+thjIdwW1ACk-01249-00321788-00322193 because this was the last one in the in
+thjIdwW1ACk-01250-00322194-00322463 the chat I don't think that in that set
+thjIdwW1ACk-01251-00322464-00322582 there are more
+thjIdwW1ACk-01252-00322583-00322889 that I have a question is about you
+thjIdwW1ACk-01253-00322890-00323099 mentioned that you want long-term
+thjIdwW1ACk-01254-00323100-00323423 forecast like up to seven days
+thjIdwW1ACk-01255-00323424-00323680 uh are you planning to use information
+thjIdwW1ACk-01256-00323681-00324106 from Global Focus models like NASA jail
+thjIdwW1ACk-01257-00324107-00324769 Spa NASA
+thjIdwW1ACk-01258-00324770-00325006 because they are providing you a
+thjIdwW1ACk-01259-00325007-00325325 forecast for five days and I would like
+thjIdwW1ACk-01260-00325326-00325475 to know if you have experience to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01261-00325476-00325780 convert the full cast to these five six
+thjIdwW1ACk-01262-00325781-00325882 days
+thjIdwW1ACk-01263-00325883-00326106 with these Global models in comparison
+thjIdwW1ACk-01264-00326107-00326453 with your work camera
+thjIdwW1ACk-01265-00326454-00326789 well actually I uh
+thjIdwW1ACk-01266-00326790-00327108 I'm actually going to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01267-00327109-00327491 right now it will be the short term the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01268-00327492-00327797 plan is just really trying to help more
+thjIdwW1ACk-01269-00327798-00328084 develop role model but right now I don't
+thjIdwW1ACk-01270-00328085-00328282 have I do not have any plans actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-01271-00328283-00328469 input
+thjIdwW1ACk-01272-00328470-00328529 um
+thjIdwW1ACk-01273-00328530-00328871 data from those models right now that
+thjIdwW1ACk-01274-00328872-00329039 was actually in my plan right so I
+thjIdwW1ACk-01275-00329040-00329213 probably could modify it as I go along
+thjIdwW1ACk-01276-00329214-00329458 because this model this whole model and
+thjIdwW1ACk-01277-00329459-00329837 team is just basically mirroring so I'm
+thjIdwW1ACk-01278-00329838-00330113 I'm actually quite overwhelmed with a
+thjIdwW1ACk-01279-00330114-00330449 lot of stuff as well so I'm just doing
+thjIdwW1ACk-01280-00330450-00330647 as much as I could possibly do at a
+thjIdwW1ACk-01281-00330648-00330865 point in time so there's actually for me
+thjIdwW1ACk-01282-00330866-00331175 there was actually no plan to actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-01283-00331176-00331451 use data from those models into our
+thjIdwW1ACk-01284-00331452-00331775 models more than just irregular inputs
+thjIdwW1ACk-01285-00331776-00331877 from
+thjIdwW1ACk-01286-00331878-00332171 the regular GFS and stuff like that and
+thjIdwW1ACk-01287-00332172-00332369 then do our simulation and stuff like
+thjIdwW1ACk-01288-00332370-00332729 that but there's a I always we always
+thjIdwW1ACk-01289-00332730-00333065 I always compare what I pretty what all
+thjIdwW1ACk-01290-00333066-00333287 models produce but what they produce as
+thjIdwW1ACk-01291-00333288-00333503 well I always do this in the background
+thjIdwW1ACk-01292-00333504-00333791 yeah I was born and yeah I was gonna
+thjIdwW1ACk-01293-00333792-00334073 jump in and say that we do that we
+thjIdwW1ACk-01294-00334074-00334253 actually do the comparison and when it
+thjIdwW1ACk-01295-00334254-00334529 was the Godzilla event one of August um
+thjIdwW1ACk-01296-00334530-00334708 graduate students he did a lot of the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01297-00334709-00335069 analysis for that so that helped us and
+thjIdwW1ACk-01298-00335070-00335429 um Jose and Jose did a lot of comparison
+thjIdwW1ACk-01299-00335430-00335704 because what we did for that um Godzilla
+thjIdwW1ACk-01300-00335705-00335927 event let me have you feel Captain is
+thjIdwW1ACk-01301-00335928-00336256 that we were all we had a group together
+thjIdwW1ACk-01302-00336257-00336515 with the NASA at least it was the NASA
+thjIdwW1ACk-01303-00336516-00336737 geosphate and us right Ashford it was
+thjIdwW1ACk-01304-00336738-00336947 anybody else I think it was at least the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01305-00336948-00337253 two of us repeat Pete color so we
+thjIdwW1ACk-01306-00337254-00337504 actually were doing comparisons of how
+thjIdwW1ACk-01307-00337505-00337745 NASA geography did for that event and
+thjIdwW1ACk-01308-00337746-00338104 what we did well at least for 2020 and
+thjIdwW1ACk-01309-00338105-00338743 2021 as well right so
+thjIdwW1ACk-01310-00338744-00339082 is more related to why you need to do
+thjIdwW1ACk-01311-00339083-00339377 seven days of forecast if you have
+thjIdwW1ACk-01312-00339378-00339706 Global models that can give you like
+thjIdwW1ACk-01313-00339707-00340093 three five days then in this in this
+thjIdwW1ACk-01314-00340094-00340567 context of you know of long long
+thjIdwW1ACk-01315-00340568-00340799 step forecast
+thjIdwW1ACk-01316-00340800-00341051 there is a clear decoration in your
+thjIdwW1ACk-01317-00341052-00341267 forecast with respect Global models or
+thjIdwW1ACk-01318-00341268-00341443 is quite
+thjIdwW1ACk-01319-00341444-00341615 similar
+thjIdwW1ACk-01320-00341616-00341908 well it is that my question will be it
+thjIdwW1ACk-01321-00341909-00342143 is an improvement to use Regional models
+thjIdwW1ACk-01322-00342144-00342563 at seven days in comparison
+thjIdwW1ACk-01323-00342564-00342725 yes there was there's actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-01324-00342726-00342965 Improvement for us there was actually
+thjIdwW1ACk-01325-00342966-00343223 meant for us right so this is the whole
+thjIdwW1ACk-01326-00343224-00343391 reason why we actually started up doing
+thjIdwW1ACk-01327-00343392-00343775 this yeah yeah
+thjIdwW1ACk-01328-00343776-00344375 this is interesting by the way yeah
+thjIdwW1ACk-01329-00344376-00344669 Angela Benedetti is around that is from
+thjIdwW1ACk-01330-00344670-00344819 the Copernicus and I think that someone
+thjIdwW1ACk-01331-00344820-00345089 from Nashville is also around then take
+thjIdwW1ACk-01332-00345090-00345377 notes but it looks like
+thjIdwW1ACk-01333-00345378-00345547 I rather
+thjIdwW1ACk-01334-00345548-00345749 [Music]
+thjIdwW1ACk-01335-00345750-00345869 um
+thjIdwW1ACk-01336-00345870-00346013 I don't know if there is any other
+thjIdwW1ACk-01337-00346014-00346313 question in the room but in the there
+thjIdwW1ACk-01338-00346314-00346667 are two more oh really yeah
+thjIdwW1ACk-01339-00346668-00346823 there's one about
+thjIdwW1ACk-01340-00346824-00347051 um advisories for mineral or Ash we do
+thjIdwW1ACk-01341-00347052-00347273 do volcanic ash modeling
+thjIdwW1ACk-01342-00347274-00347591 yeah there's a there is the master
+thjIdwW1ACk-01343-00347592-00347830 student who was working on that Ash
+thjIdwW1ACk-01344-00347831-00348004 would work with her as well
+thjIdwW1ACk-01345-00348005-00348173 I don't know if you want to jump in and
+thjIdwW1ACk-01346-00348174-00348358 say anything else
+thjIdwW1ACk-01347-00348359-00348527 um are you gonna see for the other
+thjIdwW1ACk-01348-00348528-00348803 person yeah okay yeah but she absolutely
+thjIdwW1ACk-01349-00348804-00349163 did she actually did um on the volcanic
+thjIdwW1ACk-01350-00349164-00349499 ash modeling and um it was very useful
+thjIdwW1ACk-01351-00349500-00349901 because of the fact that she actually a
+thjIdwW1ACk-01352-00349902-00350080 lady stakeholders the math Services
+thjIdwW1ACk-01353-00350081-00350327 actually did relay on our volcanic ash
+thjIdwW1ACk-01354-00350328-00350573 modeling and it was it came in very
+thjIdwW1ACk-01355-00350574-00350789 important for the LA Superior eruption
+thjIdwW1ACk-01356-00350790-00350987 luckily we had already she had already
+thjIdwW1ACk-01357-00350988-00351221 started doing this modeling before that
+thjIdwW1ACk-01358-00351222-00351389 eruption right Ashford and she was able
+thjIdwW1ACk-01359-00351390-00351671 to capture yes yes and I was able to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01360-00351672-00352345 look at yeah
+thjIdwW1ACk-01361-00352346-00352595 we didn't have any rails all kind of
+thjIdwW1ACk-01362-00352596-00352877 eruptions at first and then during the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01363-00352878-00353069 time she was working on her Ash modeling
+thjIdwW1ACk-01364-00353070-00353332 for her and her master's thesis we had
+thjIdwW1ACk-01365-00353333-00353573 the last superior eruption so it worked
+thjIdwW1ACk-01366-00353574-00353765 out it came out to be it ended up being
+thjIdwW1ACk-01367-00353766-00354058 extremely useful the model seemed to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01368-00354059-00354232 perform pretty well in terms of looking
+thjIdwW1ACk-01369-00354233-00354454 at the Floor coming back over the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01370-00354455-00354689 islands and the amount of deposition we
+thjIdwW1ACk-01371-00354690-00354863 got in Barbados
+thjIdwW1ACk-01372-00354864-00355025 um so it was it ended up being a really
+thjIdwW1ACk-01373-00355026-00355282 useful yeah it was really good it was
+thjIdwW1ACk-01374-00355283-00355499 pretty good and um it was able to
+thjIdwW1ACk-01375-00355500-00355769 predict that that position and and so on
+thjIdwW1ACk-01376-00355770-00356008 so it really was useful so that's
+thjIdwW1ACk-01377-00356009-00356165 something we are looking into it as well
+thjIdwW1ACk-01378-00356166-00356345 I didn't mention it in my talk because
+thjIdwW1ACk-01379-00356346-00356554 of the Dust aspect we were focusing on
+thjIdwW1ACk-01380-00356555-00356867 but I I I I was to still say a little
+thjIdwW1ACk-01381-00356868-00357082 bit about it yeah we do plan to push
+thjIdwW1ACk-01382-00357083-00357317 that somewhere as well
+thjIdwW1ACk-01383-00357318-00357923 is
+thjIdwW1ACk-01384-00357924-00358301 right so from our simulation right so
+thjIdwW1ACk-01385-00358302-00358451 the same those events that we were
+thjIdwW1ACk-01386-00358452-00358601 talking about earlier on
+thjIdwW1ACk-01387-00358602-00359015 you you were actually seeing that it
+thjIdwW1ACk-01388-00359016-00359230 does what was coming over
+thjIdwW1ACk-01389-00359231-00359554 but the location turns up with us was
+thjIdwW1ACk-01390-00359555-00359741 actually incorrect so I would say that
+thjIdwW1ACk-01391-00359742-00360034 the predictability from seven to ten
+thjIdwW1ACk-01392-00360035-00360208 days I don't think
+thjIdwW1ACk-01393-00360209-00360515 it actually varies from from one event
+thjIdwW1ACk-01394-00360516-00360749 to the other because with that event two
+thjIdwW1ACk-01395-00360750-00360982 right that's eventually predictability
+thjIdwW1ACk-01396-00360983-00361217 from 70 years old people actually seeing
+thjIdwW1ACk-01397-00361218-00361403 that you will have as massive dust event
+thjIdwW1ACk-01398-00361404-00361589 coming over the Eastern Caribbean but
+thjIdwW1ACk-01399-00361590-00361841 with us if anyone know it wasn't seen it
+thjIdwW1ACk-01400-00361842-00362021 at seven days we started seeing it at
+thjIdwW1ACk-01401-00362022-00362134 five days
+thjIdwW1ACk-01402-00362135-00362615 and so it it would it depends on the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01403-00362616-00362801 actual system as well too
+thjIdwW1ACk-01404-00362802-00362993 so that's basically I will answer that
+thjIdwW1ACk-01405-00362994-00363239 question and we have never done a 10d
+thjIdwW1ACk-01406-00363240-00363484 forecast so I have I can't answer for 10
+thjIdwW1ACk-01407-00363485-00363917 days
+thjIdwW1ACk-01408-00363918-00364271 it's four o'clock
+thjIdwW1ACk-01409-00364272-00364541 time to close
+thjIdwW1ACk-01410-00364542-00364806 we are super on time like British people
+thjIdwW1ACk-01411-00364807-00365099 closing at on time
+thjIdwW1ACk-01412-00365100-00365399 thanks a lot again Andrea and Ashford
+thjIdwW1ACk-01413-00365400-00365741 for the time that you dedicate us thanks
+thjIdwW1ACk-01414-00365742-00365969 a lot Santiago on Ernest
+thjIdwW1ACk-01415-00365970-00366341 for sharing with me this maybe my last
+thjIdwW1ACk-01416-00366342-00366653 webinar
+thjIdwW1ACk-01417-00366654-00366899 yeah yeah next year you will have
+thjIdwW1ACk-01418-00366900-00367121 different chairs for this series of
+thjIdwW1ACk-01419-00367122-00367313 webinars but we'll have very interesting
+thjIdwW1ACk-01420-00367314-00367447 speakers
+thjIdwW1ACk-01421-00367448-00367980 then I will introduce the the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01422-00367981-00368332 next webinar if you don't mind
+thjIdwW1ACk-01423-00368333-00368530 oops here
+thjIdwW1ACk-01424-00368531-00368945 remember that we have this nice website
+thjIdwW1ACk-01425-00368946-00369269 where you can gather the previous
+thjIdwW1ACk-01426-00369270-00369623 webinars also then Andrea Nash webinar
+thjIdwW1ACk-01427-00369624-00369977 will be here in the Das Barcelona in the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01428-00369978-00370223 Barcelona Regional Center website this
+thjIdwW1ACk-01429-00370224-00370493 nice website oops sorry
+thjIdwW1ACk-01430-00370494-00370853 my music and webinars are in this
+thjIdwW1ACk-01431-00370854-00371165 section of resources that you can see
+thjIdwW1ACk-01432-00371166-00371369 here that is the one winner of today
+thjIdwW1ACk-01433-00371370-00371704 that also past webinars and also if you
+thjIdwW1ACk-01434-00371705-00371956 go to the event section
+thjIdwW1ACk-01435-00371957-00372167 you will see here
+thjIdwW1ACk-01436-00372168-00372467 the upcoming events and also the webinar
+thjIdwW1ACk-01437-00372468-00372821 that we have planned for uh next month
+thjIdwW1ACk-01438-00372822-00373163 that is in January
+thjIdwW1ACk-01439-00373164-00373469 or invited the speaker is basilis
+thjIdwW1ACk-01440-00373470-00373721 amiridis from the national Observatory
+thjIdwW1ACk-01441-00373722-00373960 of Athens the webinar will be Wednesday
+thjIdwW1ACk-01442-00373961-00374080 again
+thjIdwW1ACk-01443-00374081-00374399 at three Central European Time one hour
+thjIdwW1ACk-01444-00374400-00374860 less UTC and it will be 18th January and
+thjIdwW1ACk-01445-00374861-00375058 basilis that is an expert in
+thjIdwW1ACk-01446-00375059-00375239 measurements in remote sensing
+thjIdwW1ACk-01447-00375240-00375491 techniques will overview the results of
+thjIdwW1ACk-01448-00375492-00375797 this ascus campaign that took care took
+thjIdwW1ACk-01449-00375798-00376030 place in Cabo Verde last year in between
+thjIdwW1ACk-01450-00376031-00376373 summer and O2 then the registration is
+thjIdwW1ACk-01451-00376374-00376673 open you will find all the details in
+thjIdwW1ACk-01452-00376674-00377051 the website if you go to to the website
+thjIdwW1ACk-01453-00377052-00377284 you can see here the calendar the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01454-00377285-00377615 registration everything and remember if
+thjIdwW1ACk-01455-00377616-00377830 you want to follow us all the activities
+thjIdwW1ACk-01456-00377831-00378095 and everything that we are doing
+thjIdwW1ACk-01457-00378096-00378347 through the regional center remember
+thjIdwW1ACk-01458-00378348-00378706 that we have a nice newsletter then if
+thjIdwW1ACk-01459-00378707-00378904 you subscribe to the newsletter you can
+thjIdwW1ACk-01460-00378905-00379265 receive all the news and updates that we
+thjIdwW1ACk-01461-00379266-00379480 will share with the community
+thjIdwW1ACk-01462-00379481-00379732 and um
+thjIdwW1ACk-01463-00379733-00379901 with it
+thjIdwW1ACk-01464-00379902-00380158 it's everything from my site just I want
+thjIdwW1ACk-01465-00380159-00380339 to thanks again all of you for being
+thjIdwW1ACk-01466-00380340-00380578 here today for the during the session
+thjIdwW1ACk-01467-00380579-00380808 for candle the session
+thjIdwW1ACk-01468-00380809-00381232 and uh yeah my pleasure always
+thjIdwW1ACk-01469-00381233-00381532 then have a nice Christmas
+thjIdwW1ACk-01470-00381533-00381749 we probably if you subscribe to the
+thjIdwW1ACk-01471-00381750-00381923 newsletter you will receive a very a
+thjIdwW1ACk-01472-00381924-00382241 nice Merry Christmas from the wmo that
+thjIdwW1ACk-01473-00382242-00382534 Regional Center then subscribe
+thjIdwW1ACk-01474-00382535-00382751 and
+thjIdwW1ACk-01475-00382752-00382984 this is everything right
+thjIdwW1ACk-01476-00382985-00383237 yeah
+thjIdwW1ACk-01477-00383238-00383608 see you around next year and happy happy
+thjIdwW1ACk-01478-00383609-00384058 New Year yeah happy holidays and take
+thjIdwW1ACk-01479-00384059-00384299 care happy holidays thank you take care
+thjIdwW1ACk-01480-00384300-00384623 happy holidays everyone thanks a lot for
+thjIdwW1ACk-01481-00384624-00385207 for the talk bye bye bye
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00000-00000000-00001407 [Music]
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00001-00001408-00001583 and in society
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00002-00001584-00002161 [Applause]
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00003-00002162-00003399 [Music]
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00004-00003400-00003708 every night with their eyes
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00005-00003709-00004248 [Music]
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00006-00004249-00004431 [Music]
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00007-00004432-00004992 is
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00008-00004993-00006697 [Music]
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00009-00006698-00006975 [Music]
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00010-00006976-00007611 man i swear
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00011-00007612-00008887 [Music]
+tjqKM8tW_6U-00012-00008888-00009096 you
+tkHteJkUGko-00000-00000016-00000279 the greatest yankee that ever lived
+tkHteJkUGko-00001-00000280-00000597 hydraulic control switch
+tkHteJkUGko-00002-00000598-00000759 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00003-00000760-00000878 what's up guys here comes colonel
+tkHteJkUGko-00004-00000880-00001127 braddock so why would colonel want to go
+tkHteJkUGko-00005-00001128-00001295 to cambodia yeah he could get hurt going
+tkHteJkUGko-00006-00001296-00001431 across the fence
+tkHteJkUGko-00007-00001432-00001607 he's needing a recon checking enemy
+tkHteJkUGko-00008-00001607-00001751 strength
+tkHteJkUGko-00009-00001752-00001951 clear clear lobster
+tkHteJkUGko-00010-00001952-00002359 better rip
+tkHteJkUGko-00011-00002360-00003719 generator
+tkHteJkUGko-00012-00003720-00004906 no thanks captain
+tkHteJkUGko-00013-00004907-00006273 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00014-00006274-00007159 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00015-00007159-00007451 now
+tkHteJkUGko-00016-00007452-00008563 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00017-00008564-00009063 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00018-00009064-00009991 get ready to move take it down kevin
+tkHteJkUGko-00019-00009992-00010823 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00020-00010824-00011232 okay
+tkHteJkUGko-00021-00011233-00014047 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00022-00014047-00014399 ah
+tkHteJkUGko-00023-00014400-00014661 oh
+tkHteJkUGko-00024-00014662-00015815 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00025-00015816-00015961 oh
+tkHteJkUGko-00026-00015962-00017927 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00027-00017928-00018307 uh
+tkHteJkUGko-00028-00018308-00018471 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00029-00018472-00018627 you okay
+tkHteJkUGko-00030-00018628-00020183 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00031-00020184-00020324 uh
+tkHteJkUGko-00032-00020325-00021694 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00033-00021695-00022073 come on
+tkHteJkUGko-00034-00022074-00024022 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00035-00024023-00024239 what the hell is that
+tkHteJkUGko-00036-00024240-00024531 we're going down
+tkHteJkUGko-00038-00028400-00028916 oh
+tkHteJkUGko-00040-00032840-00033055 on the day america remembers its war
+tkHteJkUGko-00041-00033056-00033311 dead a special salute today to the war
+tkHteJkUGko-00042-00033312-00033518 dead of vietnam
+tkHteJkUGko-00043-00033519-00033751 an american serviceman who died there
+tkHteJkUGko-00044-00033752-00033999 took his place today in a place of honor
+tkHteJkUGko-00045-00034000-00034255 the tomb of the unknown soldier
+tkHteJkUGko-00046-00034256-00034518 almost 10 years after the last americans
+tkHteJkUGko-00047-00034519-00034735 left saigon the men who fought in
+tkHteJkUGko-00048-00034736-00035015 vietnam got their parade
+tkHteJkUGko-00049-00035016-00035318 muffled drums and dirges a coffin and a
+tkHteJkUGko-00050-00035319-00035559 flag wrapped in plastic to protect it
+tkHteJkUGko-00051-00035560-00035679 from the rain
+tkHteJkUGko-00052-00035680-00035855 in the amphitheater of arlington
+tkHteJkUGko-00053-00035856-00036087 cemetery families of the men still
+tkHteJkUGko-00054-00036088-00036279 missing from vietnam waited for the
+tkHteJkUGko-00055-00036280-00036390 coffin
+tkHteJkUGko-00056-00036391-00036599 and remembered
+tkHteJkUGko-00057-00036600-00036807 they wonder if their sons are still
+tkHteJkUGko-00058-00036808-00037079 alive and why the world sits back and
+tkHteJkUGko-00059-00037080-00037271 allows the vietnamese government to
+tkHteJkUGko-00060-00037272-00037630 flagrantly violate the geneva convention
+tkHteJkUGko-00061-00037631-00037887 rumors of physical and mental torture
+tkHteJkUGko-00062-00037888-00038151 have made the way to more agonizing the
+tkHteJkUGko-00063-00038152-00038367 families were reassured by a deeply
+tkHteJkUGko-00064-00038368-00038559 moved president
+tkHteJkUGko-00065-00038560-00038951 we write no last chapters we close no
+tkHteJkUGko-00066-00038952-00039071 books
+tkHteJkUGko-00067-00039072-00039327 we put away no final memories
+tkHteJkUGko-00068-00039328-00039527 an end to america's involvement in
+tkHteJkUGko-00069-00039528-00039743 vietnam cannot come before we have
+tkHteJkUGko-00070-00039744-00039959 achieved the fullest
+tkHteJkUGko-00071-00039960-00040230 possible accounting of those missing in
+tkHteJkUGko-00072-00040231-00041535 action
+tkHteJkUGko-00073-00041536-00043262 first
+tkHteJkUGko-00074-00043263-00043502 eternally in
+tkHteJkUGko-00075-00043503-00043687 you may not give a damn about the geneva
+tkHteJkUGko-00076-00043688-00043846 convention
+tkHteJkUGko-00077-00043847-00044023 but someday
+tkHteJkUGko-00078-00044024-00044223 you're going to be held accountable
+tkHteJkUGko-00079-00044224-00044407 the geneva convention
+tkHteJkUGko-00080-00044408-00044727 applies to prisoners of wars
+tkHteJkUGko-00081-00044728-00045062 you men are not prisoners of war
+tkHteJkUGko-00082-00045063-00045302 you are common criminals
+tkHteJkUGko-00083-00045303-00045527 i have repeatedly told you that there is
+tkHteJkUGko-00084-00045528-00045871 no escape from my camp unless you
+tkHteJkUGko-00085-00045872-00045983 consider
+tkHteJkUGko-00086-00045984-00046087 death
+tkHteJkUGko-00087-00046088-00046223 and escape
+tkHteJkUGko-00088-00046224-00046439 you are surrounded by cliffs
+tkHteJkUGko-00089-00046440-00046751 mountains jungles full of man traps and
+tkHteJkUGko-00090-00046752-00046862 a bridge
+tkHteJkUGko-00091-00046863-00047086 that is impossible
+tkHteJkUGko-00092-00047087-00047367 none of you have ever escaped
+tkHteJkUGko-00093-00047368-00047590 and none of you will
+tkHteJkUGko-00094-00047591-00048015 the only way for you to leave my camp
+tkHteJkUGko-00095-00048016-00048174 is if
+tkHteJkUGko-00096-00048175-00048543 bradak confesses
+tkHteJkUGko-00097-00048544-00048807 he defends the country that has
+tkHteJkUGko-00098-00048808-00048958 forgotten you
+tkHteJkUGko-00099-00048959-00049318 an outro nation the rest of the world
+tkHteJkUGko-00100-00049319-00050055 reviled
+tkHteJkUGko-00101-00050056-00050190 they are
+tkHteJkUGko-00102-00050191-00050551 killing your ambassador of the evil
+tkHteJkUGko-00103-00050552-00051264 in every part of the world
+tkHteJkUGko-00104-00051265-00052863 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00105-00052864-00053566 i have something for you
+tkHteJkUGko-00106-00053567-00053942 hey it's a beaut it's a good two inches
+tkHteJkUGko-00107-00053944-00054799 angela says thanks
+tkHteJkUGko-00108-00054800-00055015 he give you
+tkHteJkUGko-00109-00055016-00055191 a b-52
+tkHteJkUGko-00110-00055191-00056559 oh it's just a worm boy's chicken
+tkHteJkUGko-00111-00056560-00056679 what do you do you never shoot your
+tkHteJkUGko-00112-00056679-00056775 mouth off
+tkHteJkUGko-00113-00056776-00056959 try to decide if what i'm going to say
+tkHteJkUGko-00114-00056960-00057326 it's worth getting hit for
+tkHteJkUGko-00115-00057327-00057903 wish i could do that
+tkHteJkUGko-00116-00057904-00058207 looks like the malaria again hey
+tkHteJkUGko-00117-00058208-00058999 hey
+tkHteJkUGko-00118-00059000-00059199 the hell's harry doing
+tkHteJkUGko-00119-00059200-00059391 fight his head off
+tkHteJkUGko-00120-00059391-00059900 pack of cigarettes
+tkHteJkUGko-00121-00059901-00062606 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00122-00062607-00062726 oh
+tkHteJkUGko-00123-00062727-00064003 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00124-00064004-00064275 [Applause]
+tkHteJkUGko-00125-00064276-00065689 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00126-00065690-00067223 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00127-00067224-00067519 colonel
+tkHteJkUGko-00128-00067520-00067911 colonel
+tkHteJkUGko-00129-00067912-00068047 look
+tkHteJkUGko-00130-00068048-00068303 i'm real sorry those two guys died
+tkHteJkUGko-00131-00068304-00068559 but we don't all have to
+tkHteJkUGko-00132-00068560-00068743 maybe i can get in not to ride you so
+tkHteJkUGko-00133-00068744-00069526 hard you'd like that wouldn't you brad
+tkHteJkUGko-00134-00069527-00069735 how about it sargent i mean you know you
+tkHteJkUGko-00135-00069736-00069943 could use some time off
+tkHteJkUGko-00136-00069944-00070135 big in the captain's
+tkHteJkUGko-00137-00070136-00070694 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00138-00070695-00070754 it's funny
+tkHteJkUGko-00139-00070755-00070926 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00140-00070927-00071094 all you guys are big brave soldiers and
+tkHteJkUGko-00141-00071095-00071279 you think i'm a coward no you're not a
+tkHteJkUGko-00142-00071280-00071391 coward
+tkHteJkUGko-00143-00071392-00071679 you're a traitor
+tkHteJkUGko-00144-00071680-00072006 i'm not a traitor
+tkHteJkUGko-00145-00072007-00072175 look our country has forgotten about us
+tkHteJkUGko-00146-00072176-00072335 and we have to do anything we can to
+tkHteJkUGko-00147-00072336-00072638 survive look i'm not the bad guy here
+tkHteJkUGko-00148-00072639-00072879 it's braddock and his stupid pride
+tkHteJkUGko-00149-00072880-00073038 when we first got here there were five
+tkHteJkUGko-00150-00073039-00073319 times as many of us 33 americans now
+tkHteJkUGko-00151-00073320-00073511 look at us
+tkHteJkUGko-00152-00073512-00073671 i say that all braddock has to do is
+tkHteJkUGko-00153-00073672-00073847 confess to some garbage war crime and
+tkHteJkUGko-00154-00073848-00074006 yen will send us home
+tkHteJkUGko-00155-00074007-00074287 who's gonna care
+tkHteJkUGko-00156-00074288-00074605 the war has been over for
+tkHteJkUGko-00157-00074606-00074767 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00158-00074768-00074950 god knows how long we don't know that
+tkHteJkUGko-00159-00074951-00075055 for sure
+tkHteJkUGko-00160-00075056-00075303 there is no war
+tkHteJkUGko-00161-00075304-00075743 and nobody gives a damn about us oh yeah
+tkHteJkUGko-00162-00075744-00075935 well i hear they're coming to get us if
+tkHteJkUGko-00163-00075936-00076223 i were you i'd rather die here than have
+tkHteJkUGko-00164-00076224-00076382 to explain to my kid that i was a
+tkHteJkUGko-00165-00076383-00076679 gutless trainer
+tkHteJkUGko-00166-00076680-00076999 at least i've seen my kid
+tkHteJkUGko-00167-00077000-00077161 let him go
+tkHteJkUGko-00168-00077162-00078479 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00169-00078480-00078702 die if you want oh look
+tkHteJkUGko-00170-00078703-00079431 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00171-00079432-00079687 who tell you someone coming
+tkHteJkUGko-00172-00079688-00079831 no one
+tkHteJkUGko-00173-00079832-00080415 i made it up to piss him off
+tkHteJkUGko-00174-00080416-00080623 right those guys have to run
+tkHteJkUGko-00175-00080624-00080763 god i gotta get some sleep
+tkHteJkUGko-00176-00080764-00081071 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00177-00081072-00081247 but whenever i close my eyes i see my
+tkHteJkUGko-00178-00081248-00081799 wife gina
+tkHteJkUGko-00179-00081800-00082238 yeah my diane's gonna be mad at me
+tkHteJkUGko-00180-00082239-00082631 i want the four kids more than she did
+tkHteJkUGko-00181-00082632-00082959 i made a deal
+tkHteJkUGko-00182-00082960-00083167 she'd work and i'd retire and bring him
+tkHteJkUGko-00183-00083168-00083559 up
+tkHteJkUGko-00184-00083560-00083815 pull the hell out of her
+tkHteJkUGko-00185-00083816-00084425 i haven't even seen my kid
+tkHteJkUGko-00186-00084426-00084750 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00187-00084751-00084911 sorry
+tkHteJkUGko-00188-00084912-00085159 i try to block it out but i can't
+tkHteJkUGko-00189-00085160-00085399 no one can
+tkHteJkUGko-00190-00085400-00085703 you do nothing bothers you
+tkHteJkUGko-00191-00085704-00086062 i'm just
+tkHteJkUGko-00192-00086063-00086425 i'm just not tough like you
+tkHteJkUGko-00194-00089519-00091094 [__] up
+tkHteJkUGko-00195-00091095-00091367 hey
+tkHteJkUGko-00196-00091368-00093279 loud
+tkHteJkUGko-00197-00093280-00093975 oh
+tkHteJkUGko-00198-00093976-00094143 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00199-00094144-00094415 sergeant lawrence oppelka
+tkHteJkUGko-00200-00094416-00094647 you have been tried and found guilty of
+tkHteJkUGko-00201-00094648-00094991 war crimes against the people of vietnam
+tkHteJkUGko-00202-00094992-00095870 and have been sentenced to death
+tkHteJkUGko-00203-00095871-00098774 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00204-00098775-00100449 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00205-00100450-00100871 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00206-00100872-00102150 what does
+tkHteJkUGko-00207-00102151-00103494 get over here
+tkHteJkUGko-00208-00103495-00104103 get out of here
+tkHteJkUGko-00209-00104104-00104406 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00210-00104407-00104615 any good you know that what the hell is
+tkHteJkUGko-00211-00104616-00104766 going on
+tkHteJkUGko-00212-00104767-00104895 why are they starting to torture crap
+tkHteJkUGko-00213-00104896-00106158 again huh
+tkHteJkUGko-00214-00106159-00106302 it's okay kid
+tkHteJkUGko-00215-00106303-00108319 it's okay
+tkHteJkUGko-00216-00108320-00108407 yeah
+tkHteJkUGko-00217-00108408-00108631 brought you some things
+tkHteJkUGko-00218-00108632-00108871 did you get the choir night
+tkHteJkUGko-00219-00108872-00109190 i can't yen has it locked up but
+tkHteJkUGko-00220-00109191-00109358 he told me to tell you that if braddock
+tkHteJkUGko-00221-00109359-00109702 confesses he will give it to you
+tkHteJkUGko-00222-00109703-00110071 you ain't can't be trusted
+tkHteJkUGko-00223-00110072-00110271 i've given him what he wanted and he's
+tkHteJkUGko-00224-00110272-00110607 treated me well enough
+tkHteJkUGko-00225-00110608-00110886 he doesn't care about you it's brother's
+tkHteJkUGko-00226-00110888-00111102 confession he's always wanted over the
+tkHteJkUGko-00227-00111103-00111351 years he's driven him mad
+tkHteJkUGko-00228-00111352-00111751 then why not just give it to him
+tkHteJkUGko-00229-00111752-00112071 if yin ever breaks braddock
+tkHteJkUGko-00230-00112072-00112463 we will all be killed
+tkHteJkUGko-00231-00112464-00112663 colonel braddock
+tkHteJkUGko-00232-00112664-00112863 i have spoken to my superiors and
+tkHteJkUGko-00233-00112864-00113207 arranged for you to be released
+tkHteJkUGko-00234-00113208-00113390 if you will simply let us film your
+tkHteJkUGko-00235-00113391-00113534 confession
+tkHteJkUGko-00236-00113535-00113702 just once
+tkHteJkUGko-00237-00113703-00114054 no public appearances no questions
+tkHteJkUGko-00238-00114055-00114268 we could do it right now
+tkHteJkUGko-00239-00114269-00114823 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00240-00114824-00115390 you know i can't do that
+tkHteJkUGko-00241-00115391-00115623 some of my men feel
+tkHteJkUGko-00242-00115624-00116534 i'm being too lenient with you
+tkHteJkUGko-00243-00116535-00116775 no no bredak
+tkHteJkUGko-00244-00116776-00116975 i didn't want to have to tell you this
+tkHteJkUGko-00245-00116976-00117254 but maybe you should know
+tkHteJkUGko-00246-00117255-00117463 your wife
+tkHteJkUGko-00247-00117464-00117683 is planning to
+tkHteJkUGko-00248-00117683-00118068 remarry she has you declared dead
+tkHteJkUGko-00249-00118069-00118358 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00250-00118359-00118934 your family needs you
+tkHteJkUGko-00251-00118935-00119263 sign this statement i will let you
+tkHteJkUGko-00252-00119264-00119758 go home before the wedding
+tkHteJkUGko-00253-00119759-00119902 colonel ian
+tkHteJkUGko-00254-00119903-00120127 if my wife is getting remarried
+tkHteJkUGko-00255-00120128-00120302 i'm happy for her
+tkHteJkUGko-00256-00120303-00120431 because if she's going to wait for me to
+tkHteJkUGko-00257-00120432-00120558 sign this confession she's going to be
+tkHteJkUGko-00258-00120559-00120876 waiting a long time
+tkHteJkUGko-00259-00120877-00121678 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00260-00121679-00122238 get him out of here
+tkHteJkUGko-00261-00122239-00124225 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00262-00124226-00125493 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00263-00125494-00126119 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00264-00126120-00126334 since you're in a fighting mood
+tkHteJkUGko-00265-00126335-00126654 i'll give you one
+tkHteJkUGko-00266-00126655-00126958 nest you will be braddock's opponent
+tkHteJkUGko-00267-00126959-00127599 and you will win
+tkHteJkUGko-00268-00127600-00127975 i can't do that sir
+tkHteJkUGko-00269-00127976-00128199 colonel yen our deal was that i would
+tkHteJkUGko-00270-00128200-00128358 never have to hurt any of the other
+tkHteJkUGko-00271-00128359-00128566 prisoners
+tkHteJkUGko-00272-00128567-00128758 i
+tkHteJkUGko-00273-00128759-00129327 don't fight
+tkHteJkUGko-00274-00129328-00129686 i will put you back in the american cell
+tkHteJkUGko-00275-00129688-00129886 i'm not sure you would be as popular
+tkHteJkUGko-00276-00129888-00130023 there
+tkHteJkUGko-00277-00130024-00130738 as you once were
+tkHteJkUGko-00278-00130739-00131014 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00279-00131015-00132519 so
+tkHteJkUGko-00280-00132520-00132671 why don't you just take a few punches
+tkHteJkUGko-00281-00132672-00132854 and go down colonel save us both a lot
+tkHteJkUGko-00282-00132855-00133751 of pain
+tkHteJkUGko-00283-00133752-00134071 is
+tkHteJkUGko-00284-00134072-00135807 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00285-00135808-00136620 protect yourself
+tkHteJkUGko-00286-00136621-00137690 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00288-00141415-00142951 he's gonna kill you nestor
+tkHteJkUGko-00289-00142952-00143239 come on come on get up come on
+tkHteJkUGko-00290-00143240-00144063 don't be a fool man
+tkHteJkUGko-00291-00144064-00144732 get up now come on get up done
+tkHteJkUGko-00292-00144733-00145351 [Applause]
+tkHteJkUGko-00293-00145352-00145735 come
+tkHteJkUGko-00294-00145736-00148126 come on colonel come on come on
+tkHteJkUGko-00295-00148127-00149665 finish him off
+tkHteJkUGko-00296-00149666-00149871 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00297-00149872-00150135 now
+tkHteJkUGko-00298-00150136-00150821 come on soldier get up
+tkHteJkUGko-00299-00150822-00151921 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00300-00151922-00153535 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00301-00153536-00153810 hey
+tkHteJkUGko-00302-00153811-00153860 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00303-00153861-00154135 [Applause]
+tkHteJkUGko-00304-00154136-00155414 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00305-00155415-00156390 no
+tkHteJkUGko-00306-00156391-00156726 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00307-00156727-00156943 see what happens when one does not
+tkHteJkUGko-00308-00156944-00157071 follow my
+tkHteJkUGko-00309-00157072-00157671 direction immediately
+tkHteJkUGko-00310-00157672-00157966 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00311-00157967-00158078 you
+tkHteJkUGko-00312-00158079-00158863 lose
+tkHteJkUGko-00313-00158864-00159302 colonel
+tkHteJkUGko-00314-00159303-00159519 what'd you lay on you this time he said
+tkHteJkUGko-00315-00159520-00159702 that my wife's getting remarried
+tkHteJkUGko-00316-00159703-00159895 i've been declared dead he's
+tkHteJkUGko-00317-00159896-00160039 bullshitting you
+tkHteJkUGko-00318-00160040-00160590 you know that don't you
+tkHteJkUGko-00319-00160591-00160935 captain ho
+tkHteJkUGko-00320-00160936-00161135 anything on the finite i don't have
+tkHteJkUGko-00321-00161136-00161623 malaria
+tkHteJkUGko-00322-00161624-00161759 nothing
+tkHteJkUGko-00323-00161760-00162278 but i have some things for you
+tkHteJkUGko-00324-00162279-00163599 here
+tkHteJkUGko-00325-00163600-00163847 let's give the guys a drink
+tkHteJkUGko-00326-00163848-00164511 sure
+tkHteJkUGko-00327-00164512-00165023 i got a surprise for you
+tkHteJkUGko-00328-00165024-00165126 look at that
+tkHteJkUGko-00329-00165127-00165654 hey lieutenant
+tkHteJkUGko-00330-00165655-00166056 this is what you want
+tkHteJkUGko-00331-00166057-00166254 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00332-00166255-00166442 thanks captain
+tkHteJkUGko-00334-00170744-00170992 i need to talk to you
+tkHteJkUGko-00335-00170993-00171271 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00336-00171272-00171495 i'm the officer in charge
+tkHteJkUGko-00337-00171496-00171663 you have to punish somebody then punish
+tkHteJkUGko-00338-00171664-00172847 me
+tkHteJkUGko-00339-00172848-00172999 confess
+tkHteJkUGko-00340-00173000-00174151 admit your mistake
+tkHteJkUGko-00341-00174152-00174551 very well
+tkHteJkUGko-00342-00174552-00174755 now
+tkHteJkUGko-00343-00174756-00176047 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00344-00176048-00176278 you're right
+tkHteJkUGko-00345-00176279-00176551 you are responsible
+tkHteJkUGko-00346-00176552-00177092 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00347-00177093-00177302 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00348-00177303-00178000 here i'll help you
+tkHteJkUGko-00349-00178001-00179326 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00350-00179327-00179427 ugh
+tkHteJkUGko-00351-00179428-00181863 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00352-00181864-00184085 oh
+tkHteJkUGko-00353-00184086-00186581 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00354-00186582-00188766 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00355-00188767-00189550 wow
+tkHteJkUGko-00356-00189551-00189695 let me get that one you get the small
+tkHteJkUGko-00357-00189696-00189807 ones
+tkHteJkUGko-00358-00189808-00191487 fine
+tkHteJkUGko-00359-00191488-00192029 sounds american
+tkHteJkUGko-00360-00192030-00192767 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00361-00192768-00193766 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00362-00193767-00194094 stuff
+tkHteJkUGko-00364-00199944-00201566 hillary
+tkHteJkUGko-00365-00201567-00201878 how do you like my new helicopter
+tkHteJkUGko-00366-00201879-00202038 you gotta tell you early
+tkHteJkUGko-00367-00202039-00202287 i had to borrow it the other was too
+tkHteJkUGko-00368-00202288-00202383 small
+tkHteJkUGko-00369-00202384-00202535 i've brought you an arsenal that will
+tkHteJkUGko-00370-00202536-00202735 discourage anyone from cutting into our
+tkHteJkUGko-00371-00202736-00202878 opium business
+tkHteJkUGko-00372-00202879-00203087 now all that can harm us
+tkHteJkUGko-00373-00203088-00203350 are your american friends
+tkHteJkUGko-00374-00203351-00203535 why are they still alive
+tkHteJkUGko-00375-00203536-00203663 francois
+tkHteJkUGko-00376-00203664-00204183 i have the situation under control
+tkHteJkUGko-00377-00204184-00204407 thanks for our treat
+tkHteJkUGko-00378-00204408-00204743 you're a hot little devil you know this
+tkHteJkUGko-00379-00204744-00205175 time they're all virgins
+tkHteJkUGko-00380-00205176-00205606 come on girls
+tkHteJkUGko-00381-00205607-00205727 colonel
+tkHteJkUGko-00382-00205728-00206062 i don't think there is a search team
+tkHteJkUGko-00383-00206063-00206279 there's nothing we do about it now
+tkHteJkUGko-00384-00206280-00206390 at least we know what they're putting in
+tkHteJkUGko-00385-00206391-00206551 that hut
+tkHteJkUGko-00386-00206552-00206942 those boxes they're full of weapons
+tkHteJkUGko-00387-00206944-00207190 that's our way out
+tkHteJkUGko-00388-00207191-00207446 when do you aim to kill the americans in
+tkHteJkUGko-00389-00207448-00207614 my own time
+tkHteJkUGko-00390-00207615-00207831 you're risking our entire operation a
+tkHteJkUGko-00391-00207832-00208014 very profitable operation i'm thinking
+tkHteJkUGko-00392-00208015-00208182 of getting a new watch
+tkHteJkUGko-00393-00208183-00208327 do you think you can purchase one of
+tkHteJkUGko-00394-00208328-00208671 those digital models
+tkHteJkUGko-00395-00208671-00208894 i told you to kill the americans god
+tkHteJkUGko-00396-00208896-00209110 damn it if the pow search team hears
+tkHteJkUGko-00397-00209111-00209303 about it we're finished don't let your
+tkHteJkUGko-00398-00209304-00209940 stupid eagle ruin everything
+tkHteJkUGko-00399-00209941-00210215 [Laughter]
+tkHteJkUGko-00400-00210216-00210334 francois
+tkHteJkUGko-00401-00210335-00211055 would you come with me for a moment
+tkHteJkUGko-00402-00211056-00211382 look i didn't want you
+tkHteJkUGko-00403-00211383-00211623 i will never again speak to me like that
+tkHteJkUGko-00404-00211623-00211815 in front of my men
+tkHteJkUGko-00405-00211816-00212255 it's such a dangerous example
+tkHteJkUGko-00406-00212256-00213071 do you understand me
+tkHteJkUGko-00407-00213071-00213231 now
+tkHteJkUGko-00408-00213232-00213487 do you have any new information about
+tkHteJkUGko-00409-00213488-00213806 the american search team yeah no
+tkHteJkUGko-00410-00213807-00213982 it's the rumors
+tkHteJkUGko-00411-00213983-00214215 but there's been a guy hanging around
+tkHteJkUGko-00412-00214216-00214806 asking questions
+tkHteJkUGko-00413-00214807-00215134 one of the pelk is dead no
+tkHteJkUGko-00414-00215135-00215351 if he were currently ian would stick his
+tkHteJkUGko-00415-00215352-00215958 body right in front of our faces
+tkHteJkUGko-00416-00215959-00216134 no my friend
+tkHteJkUGko-00417-00216135-00216303 can i convince you to spend the night
+tkHteJkUGko-00418-00216304-00216623 with us and the virgin
+tkHteJkUGko-00419-00216623-00216831 sorry i i better not
+tkHteJkUGko-00420-00216832-00217031 understand i'm delivering the opium
+tkHteJkUGko-00421-00217032-00217271 personally but i will be back to pick up
+tkHteJkUGko-00422-00217271-00217598 the girls
+tkHteJkUGko-00423-00217600-00217767 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00424-00217767-00218144 don't forget my watch
+tkHteJkUGko-00425-00218146-00219073 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00426-00219073-00221023 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00427-00221023-00221279 francois brought me something today
+tkHteJkUGko-00428-00221280-00221471 that i'm sure is of great interest to
+tkHteJkUGko-00429-00221471-00221751 you
+tkHteJkUGko-00430-00221752-00221951 it seems
+tkHteJkUGko-00431-00221952-00222231 your ex-wife has finally written you a
+tkHteJkUGko-00432-00222232-00223510 letter
+tkHteJkUGko-00433-00223511-00223655 unfortunately
+tkHteJkUGko-00434-00223656-00223951 you must be punished for the incident
+tkHteJkUGko-00435-00223952-00224231 with your late friend opel
+tkHteJkUGko-00436-00224232-00225691 he's dead
+tkHteJkUGko-00437-00225692-00226231 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00438-00226232-00226773 so
+tkHteJkUGko-00439-00226773-00227046 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00440-00227048-00229431 oh
+tkHteJkUGko-00441-00229432-00229734 hey boy you want to play
+tkHteJkUGko-00442-00229735-00229998 oh
+tkHteJkUGko-00443-00229998-00231206 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00444-00231207-00231448 um
+tkHteJkUGko-00445-00231448-00232479 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00446-00232480-00233119 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00447-00233119-00234683 though
+tkHteJkUGko-00448-00234684-00235334 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00449-00235335-00236007 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00450-00236008-00236973 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00451-00236975-00238891 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00452-00238892-00239334 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00453-00239335-00239415 you
+tkHteJkUGko-00454-00239416-00239815 hi fellas i've been looking for you
+tkHteJkUGko-00455-00239816-00239967 that time you showed up
+tkHteJkUGko-00456-00239967-00240158 your headquarters you take me to your
+tkHteJkUGko-00457-00240159-00241446 headquarters
+tkHteJkUGko-00458-00241448-00241815 name's emerson live
+tkHteJkUGko-00459-00241816-00241998 no you don't understand what is needed
+tkHteJkUGko-00460-00242000-00242175 here is a little courtesy in cooperation
+tkHteJkUGko-00461-00242176-00242358 i'm the point man for a pow search
+tkHteJkUGko-00462-00242359-00242479 mission
+tkHteJkUGko-00463-00242480-00242703 the ifh got word of this uh little
+tkHteJkUGko-00464-00242704-00242903 operation some time ago must say we've
+tkHteJkUGko-00465-00242904-00243110 had a devil of a time finding you
+tkHteJkUGko-00466-00243111-00243215 was we
+tkHteJkUGko-00467-00243216-00243463 ah yes the international freedom house
+tkHteJkUGko-00468-00243464-00243646 i'm not just running around the jungle
+tkHteJkUGko-00469-00243648-00243903 looking for publicity he lie
+tkHteJkUGko-00470-00243904-00244103 it's not a lie
+tkHteJkUGko-00471-00244104-00244294 i'm part of a major operation there are
+tkHteJkUGko-00472-00244296-00244471 nine other scouts like me we each have
+tkHteJkUGko-00473-00244471-00244710 five square miles to cover
+tkHteJkUGko-00474-00244711-00244942 and all of us call in to central team
+tkHteJkUGko-00475-00244944-00245198 regularly now if you think that's a lie
+tkHteJkUGko-00476-00245200-00245430 you are in a pack of trouble
+tkHteJkUGko-00477-00245431-00245542 why don't you cooperate and save
+tkHteJkUGko-00478-00245544-00245782 yourself a lot of needles bloodshed
+tkHteJkUGko-00479-00245783-00246087 what the hell's going on
+tkHteJkUGko-00480-00246088-00246479 damned by now
+tkHteJkUGko-00481-00246480-00246791 do you really expect me to believe you
+tkHteJkUGko-00482-00246792-00247063 and turn over my whole camp
+tkHteJkUGko-00483-00247064-00247230 well under the circumstances yes i
+tkHteJkUGko-00484-00247231-00247334 believe that's the only thing that you
+tkHteJkUGko-00485-00247335-00247423 could do
+tkHteJkUGko-00486-00247423-00247623 i hit a homing device out there in the
+tkHteJkUGko-00487-00247623-00247846 jungle my team know exactly where i am
+tkHteJkUGko-00488-00247848-00248030 now they'll be waiting for my signal and
+tkHteJkUGko-00489-00248031-00248206 if i give it they'll come in slowly if i
+tkHteJkUGko-00490-00248207-00248327 don't they'll come in fast and you'll
+tkHteJkUGko-00491-00248328-00248558 all be dead why signal
+tkHteJkUGko-00492-00248559-00248863 stop playing the pool
+tkHteJkUGko-00493-00248864-00249046 the way i figure it these are your
+tkHteJkUGko-00494-00249048-00249351 choices you can either cut and run
+tkHteJkUGko-00495-00249352-00249527 or you can wait until my team come in
+tkHteJkUGko-00496-00249528-00249791 and then you can try to run
+tkHteJkUGko-00497-00249792-00250046 or you can cooperate right now and save
+tkHteJkUGko-00498-00250048-00250815 everyone a whole lot of trouble
+tkHteJkUGko-00499-00250816-00250998 i believe you left out some of my
+tkHteJkUGko-00500-00251000-00251119 options
+tkHteJkUGko-00501-00251119-00251294 one
+tkHteJkUGko-00502-00251296-00251430 i could kill you
+tkHteJkUGko-00503-00251431-00251671 and the prisoners
+tkHteJkUGko-00504-00251671-00251863 yes miss that one
+tkHteJkUGko-00505-00251864-00252030 and two
+tkHteJkUGko-00506-00252031-00252239 i can simply lock you up
+tkHteJkUGko-00507-00252240-00252471 and wait until you're ready to give the
+tkHteJkUGko-00508-00252471-00252663 signal
+tkHteJkUGko-00509-00252664-00252863 yes you could lock me up i'll never give
+tkHteJkUGko-00510-00252864-00252967 you the signal
+tkHteJkUGko-00511-00252967-00253215 i don't care if you kill me now look i'm
+tkHteJkUGko-00512-00253216-00253430 tired of hanging around under the sun
+tkHteJkUGko-00513-00253431-00253575 playing footsie with a half-pint
+tkHteJkUGko-00514-00253576-00254228 would-be dictator
+tkHteJkUGko-00515-00254229-00255679 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00516-00255680-00255951 give him anything he wants
+tkHteJkUGko-00517-00255952-00256310 i can't believe it we're going home
+tkHteJkUGko-00518-00256311-00256487 okay i want to know who won the world
+tkHteJkUGko-00519-00256488-00256679 series last year
+tkHteJkUGko-00520-00256680-00256823 i don't know anything about any bloody
+tkHteJkUGko-00521-00256823-00257063 world series mate i'm an australian
+tkHteJkUGko-00522-00257064-00257646 forget it i love you anyway
+tkHteJkUGko-00523-00257648-00257863 ian won't give up this season how large
+tkHteJkUGko-00524-00257864-00258055 is your rescue team large enough to kick
+tkHteJkUGko-00525-00258056-00258487 in's ass huh
+tkHteJkUGko-00526-00258488-00258634 i'm alone
+tkHteJkUGko-00527-00258635-00259046 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00528-00259048-00259534 oh
+tkHteJkUGko-00529-00259535-00259775 and there's nobody gonna come and get me
+tkHteJkUGko-00530-00259776-00259982 but the international freedom house the
+tkHteJkUGko-00531-00259983-00260191 central team the homing device just a
+tkHteJkUGko-00532-00260192-00260327 bluff isn't it i had to tell them
+tkHteJkUGko-00533-00260328-00260519 something heard rumors about this place
+tkHteJkUGko-00534-00260519-00260671 i followed francoise and i'm just a
+tkHteJkUGko-00535-00260671-00260871 lousy photographer mate i needed
+tkHteJkUGko-00536-00260871-00261071 pictures for proof
+tkHteJkUGko-00537-00261071-00261191 damn
+tkHteJkUGko-00538-00261192-00261430 one thing for sure
+tkHteJkUGko-00539-00261431-00261567 he's got guts
+tkHteJkUGko-00540-00261567-00261798 yeah
+tkHteJkUGko-00541-00261800-00262063 nobody ever broke into a prison camp
+tkHteJkUGko-00542-00262064-00262239 all right then let's get out
+tkHteJkUGko-00543-00262240-00262406 yeah we'll head to the cliffs anything
+tkHteJkUGko-00544-00262407-00262558 happens to me i stash some ropes under a
+tkHteJkUGko-00545-00262559-00262671 big rock you can't miss it head for the
+tkHteJkUGko-00546-00262672-00262823 thai board 100 miles do west come on
+tkHteJkUGko-00547-00262824-00263055 let's go wait
+tkHteJkUGko-00548-00263056-00263255 yen may let you go but he certainly
+tkHteJkUGko-00549-00263256-00263567 won't let us all go
+tkHteJkUGko-00550-00263568-00263719 it's francois coming to pick up his
+tkHteJkUGko-00551-00263720-00263975 horse
+tkHteJkUGko-00552-00263976-00264079 he knows
+tkHteJkUGko-00553-00264080-00264444 but move it
+tkHteJkUGko-00554-00264445-00264615 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00555-00264616-00265095 i'm just going to give the signal hey
+tkHteJkUGko-00556-00265096-00265999 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00557-00266000-00266399 they're just gonna get my thing
+tkHteJkUGko-00558-00266400-00266630 i hope everyone told you how well they
+tkHteJkUGko-00559-00266631-00266767 have been treated they don't love you
+tkHteJkUGko-00560-00266768-00266871 but all in all they look pretty good
+tkHteJkUGko-00561-00266872-00267145 i'll be right back one more moment
+tkHteJkUGko-00562-00267146-00267391 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00563-00267392-00267567 i would like you to meet a friend of
+tkHteJkUGko-00564-00267568-00267727 mine i'll meet him later i'm a bit of a
+tkHteJkUGko-00565-00267728-00267919 hurry i i i i wouldn't want the central
+tkHteJkUGko-00566-00267920-00268295 team to get impatient huh francois
+tkHteJkUGko-00567-00268296-00268543 what's the matter my friend you look a
+tkHteJkUGko-00568-00268544-00268782 little nervous he is the goddamn guy
+tkHteJkUGko-00569-00268783-00269055 who's been asking questions about us he
+tkHteJkUGko-00570-00269056-00269271 claims he's the point man for a major
+tkHteJkUGko-00571-00269272-00269758 rescue operation he's lying he's alone
+tkHteJkUGko-00572-00269759-00269895 i still got the homing device out in the
+tkHteJkUGko-00573-00269896-00270687 jungle
+tkHteJkUGko-00574-00270688-00271199 i'm weary of playing footsie with you
+tkHteJkUGko-00575-00271200-00271710 take him to the tree
+tkHteJkUGko-00576-00271711-00271924 oh
+tkHteJkUGko-00577-00271925-00273558 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00578-00273559-00273791 all the crimes against the people of
+tkHteJkUGko-00579-00273792-00273934 vietnam
+tkHteJkUGko-00580-00273935-00274647 i sentence you to death
+tkHteJkUGko-00581-00274648-00274782 don't worry
+tkHteJkUGko-00582-00274783-00274967 it's not real he's just trying to scare
+tkHteJkUGko-00583-00274968-00275338 you
+tkHteJkUGko-00584-00275339-00276806 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00585-00276807-00276999 get up
+tkHteJkUGko-00586-00277000-00277223 get up
+tkHteJkUGko-00587-00277224-00277543 shut up you [__]
+tkHteJkUGko-00588-00277544-00277703 we'll get him up okay you're gonna be
+tkHteJkUGko-00589-00277704-00277910 okay
+tkHteJkUGko-00590-00277911-00278039 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00591-00278040-00279247 i'm okay
+tkHteJkUGko-00592-00279248-00281167 campo
+tkHteJkUGko-00593-00281168-00282209 he's dying
+tkHteJkUGko-00595-00285288-00285830 there's a difference
+tkHteJkUGko-00596-00285831-00286119 our struggle was a long one
+tkHteJkUGko-00597-00286120-00286287 as i predicted
+tkHteJkUGko-00598-00286288-00286447 you lost
+tkHteJkUGko-00599-00286448-00286710 i'm glad you finally
+tkHteJkUGko-00600-00286711-00287608 understand the extent of your guilt
+tkHteJkUGko-00601-00287609-00288254 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00602-00288255-00288390 i understand
+tkHteJkUGko-00603-00288391-00290991 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00604-00290992-00291360 if you have forgotten something
+tkHteJkUGko-00605-00291361-00292982 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00606-00292983-00293230 now my american building
+tkHteJkUGko-00607-00293231-00293430 i will live up to my promise and we'll
+tkHteJkUGko-00608-00293431-00293582 let you go free
+tkHteJkUGko-00609-00293583-00293799 tomorrow once work will be here and
+tkHteJkUGko-00610-00293800-00294054 we'll fly you to thailand and deliver
+tkHteJkUGko-00611-00294055-00294263 you to your embassy
+tkHteJkUGko-00612-00294264-00294375 see colonel
+tkHteJkUGko-00613-00294376-00294654 i told you
+tkHteJkUGko-00614-00294655-00294895 i will try to make your last day here as
+tkHteJkUGko-00615-00294896-00295158 comfortable as possible here
+tkHteJkUGko-00616-00295159-00295367 come into the next room you'll stay
+tkHteJkUGko-00617-00295368-00297854 there tonight
+tkHteJkUGko-00618-00297855-00298054 i can't believe it
+tkHteJkUGko-00619-00298055-00298263 it's over we're going home
+tkHteJkUGko-00620-00298264-00298558 i'm gonna see my kid
+tkHteJkUGko-00621-00298559-00298710 something's wrong
+tkHteJkUGko-00622-00298711-00298854 nothing's wrong you just been here too
+tkHteJkUGko-00623-00298855-00299079 long you're in shock
+tkHteJkUGko-00624-00299080-00299884 i am feeling better
+tkHteJkUGko-00625-00299885-00300079 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00626-00300080-00300510 that looks this fast
+tkHteJkUGko-00627-00300511-00300734 oh god hit him up mr silly give him
+tkHteJkUGko-00628-00300735-00300879 poison
+tkHteJkUGko-00629-00300880-00301479 come on
+tkHteJkUGko-00630-00301480-00301719 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00631-00301720-00302103 is this an american funeral right
+tkHteJkUGko-00632-00302104-00302303 i'm afraid
+tkHteJkUGko-00633-00302304-00302615 i gave poor franklin such an overdose of
+tkHteJkUGko-00634-00302616-00302775 opium
+tkHteJkUGko-00635-00302776-00302975 that he could walk from here to los
+tkHteJkUGko-00636-00302976-00303143 angeles
+tkHteJkUGko-00637-00303144-00303415 and not do him any good
+tkHteJkUGko-00638-00303416-00303767 no
+tkHteJkUGko-00639-00303768-00303967 throw him in the
+tkHteJkUGko-00640-00303968-00304335 a [__]
+tkHteJkUGko-00641-00304336-00306553 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00642-00306554-00308734 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00643-00308735-00309030 wait
+tkHteJkUGko-00644-00309031-00309182 yeah
+tkHteJkUGko-00645-00309183-00309399 wait
+tkHteJkUGko-00646-00309400-00309910 yeah
+tkHteJkUGko-00647-00309911-00310127 he's not dead
+tkHteJkUGko-00648-00310128-00310463 he's not dead
+tkHteJkUGko-00649-00310464-00310656 god
+tkHteJkUGko-00650-00310657-00311495 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00651-00311496-00311616 fish
+tkHteJkUGko-00652-00311617-00313782 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00653-00313783-00314049 foreign
+tkHteJkUGko-00654-00314050-00316015 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00655-00316016-00316799 christmas
+tkHteJkUGko-00656-00316800-00317431 so
+tkHteJkUGko-00657-00317432-00318487 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00658-00318488-00319089 so
+tkHteJkUGko-00660-00323115-00324039 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00661-00324040-00324624 wow
+tkHteJkUGko-00662-00324625-00325782 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00663-00325783-00325892 me
+tkHteJkUGko-00665-00329171-00330934 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00666-00330935-00331815 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00667-00331816-00331987 where are you
+tkHteJkUGko-00668-00331988-00333712 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00669-00333713-00335510 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00670-00335511-00335929 do it
+tkHteJkUGko-00671-00335930-00336758 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00672-00336759-00336876 um
+tkHteJkUGko-00673-00336877-00338199 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00674-00338200-00338701 so
+tkHteJkUGko-00677-00349952-00350400 hey wake up
+tkHteJkUGko-00679-00354680-00355247 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00680-00355248-00355354 uh
+tkHteJkUGko-00681-00355355-00356719 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00682-00356720-00356927 i thought you should know
+tkHteJkUGko-00683-00356928-00357167 that you're completely alone
+tkHteJkUGko-00684-00357168-00357471 your brave colonel has abandoned you to
+tkHteJkUGko-00685-00357472-00357639 die here
+tkHteJkUGko-00686-00357640-00357791 that it got away
+tkHteJkUGko-00687-00357792-00358039 you'll die tomorrow
+tkHteJkUGko-00688-00358040-00358295 so will you
+tkHteJkUGko-00689-00358296-00358839 in the meantime
+tkHteJkUGko-00690-00358840-00359271 if you're lonely
+tkHteJkUGko-00691-00359272-00361052 play with your friend
+tkHteJkUGko-00692-00361053-00362606 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00693-00362607-00362967 why keep him alive
+tkHteJkUGko-00694-00362968-00363134 you know i might be wrong but i don't
+tkHteJkUGko-00695-00363135-00363454 think it's a very good idea to kill me
+tkHteJkUGko-00696-00363455-00363678 why not
+tkHteJkUGko-00697-00363679-00363919 i could always get someone to pour my
+tkHteJkUGko-00698-00363920-00364327 wine
+tkHteJkUGko-00699-00364328-00364582 it's because i'm the only one left
+tkHteJkUGko-00700-00364583-00364734 who really knows how colonel braddock
+tkHteJkUGko-00701-00364735-00364895 thinks
+tkHteJkUGko-00702-00364896-00365303 see he hasn't gone yet
+tkHteJkUGko-00703-00365304-00365447 is that so
+tkHteJkUGko-00704-00365448-00365582 yes
+tkHteJkUGko-00705-00365583-00365799 he has stayed to try and take revenge on
+tkHteJkUGko-00706-00365800-00366599 you
+tkHteJkUGko-00707-00366600-00366871 i will use francoise helicopter we will
+tkHteJkUGko-00708-00366872-00367471 capture him tomorrow
+tkHteJkUGko-00709-00367472-00367623 we should have killed that guy a long
+tkHteJkUGko-00710-00367624-00369606 time ago
+tkHteJkUGko-00711-00369607-00370107 all right
+tkHteJkUGko-00712-00370108-00370958 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00713-00370959-00372315 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00714-00372316-00373140 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00715-00373141-00375119 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00717-00379464-00379605 no
+tkHteJkUGko-00718-00379606-00382302 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00719-00382303-00382519 we better get back you'll never find
+tkHteJkUGko-00720-00382520-00384413 this guy alive just keep searching
+tkHteJkUGko-00721-00384414-00385519 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00722-00385520-00385878 so
+tkHteJkUGko-00723-00385879-00388238 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00725-00391448-00391632 to the bridge
+tkHteJkUGko-00726-00391633-00392887 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00727-00392888-00393343 bury him with this
+tkHteJkUGko-00728-00393344-00394331 my god it's a bomb get out
+tkHteJkUGko-00729-00394332-00395567 [Applause]
+tkHteJkUGko-00730-00395568-00397812 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00731-00397813-00398895 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00732-00398896-00399587 let's go
+tkHteJkUGko-00733-00399588-00399927 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00734-00399928-00400269 come on come on
+tkHteJkUGko-00735-00400270-00400762 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00736-00400763-00401575 [Applause]
+tkHteJkUGko-00737-00401576-00401930 you
+tkHteJkUGko-00738-00401931-00403463 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00739-00403464-00404878 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00740-00404879-00405030 damn
+tkHteJkUGko-00741-00405031-00405310 we gotta find that rope
+tkHteJkUGko-00742-00405311-00405782 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00743-00405783-00405975 to get too close let's get out of here
+tkHteJkUGko-00744-00405976-00406406 it's gotta be here
+tkHteJkUGko-00745-00406407-00406551 harrison said they were under a big rock
+tkHteJkUGko-00746-00406552-00406864 let me see 60 big rocks
+tkHteJkUGko-00747-00406865-00407191 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00748-00407192-00407444 here it is
+tkHteJkUGko-00749-00407445-00408263 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00750-00408264-00409063 so
+tkHteJkUGko-00751-00409064-00409182 good luck kid
+tkHteJkUGko-00752-00409183-00409319 aren't you coming
+tkHteJkUGko-00753-00409320-00409495 i'm going after hull if you're staying
+tkHteJkUGko-00754-00409496-00409743 to fight there's no way i'm leaving you
+tkHteJkUGko-00755-00409743-00409910 here they come get your ass down the
+tkHteJkUGko-00756-00409912-00410245 cliff
+tkHteJkUGko-00757-00410246-00412895 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00758-00412896-00413272 foreign
+tkHteJkUGko-00759-00413274-00415754 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00760-00415755-00415934 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00761-00415935-00417695 my yes
+tkHteJkUGko-00762-00417696-00418466 come on
+tkHteJkUGko-00763-00418467-00420735 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00764-00420735-00421255 unite
+tkHteJkUGko-00765-00421256-00423991 you land
+tkHteJkUGko-00766-00423992-00424097 uh
+tkHteJkUGko-00767-00424097-00427000 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00769-00432192-00432708 uh
+tkHteJkUGko-00770-00432709-00434991 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00771-00434992-00435855 you idiots
+tkHteJkUGko-00772-00435856-00436270 come in
+tkHteJkUGko-00773-00436271-00436431 we're all loaded up
+tkHteJkUGko-00774-00436432-00436887 i'll see you in about a week
+tkHteJkUGko-00775-00436888-00437118 i will need your helicopter to look for
+tkHteJkUGko-00776-00437119-00437310 the americas i believe they've gone down
+tkHteJkUGko-00777-00437312-00437591 the river i am sorry i can't help you
+tkHteJkUGko-00778-00437592-00437870 you will not go
+tkHteJkUGko-00779-00437871-00438095 i am going
+tkHteJkUGko-00780-00438096-00438239 come on let's go
+tkHteJkUGko-00781-00438239-00438479 get your hands up what the hell are you
+tkHteJkUGko-00782-00438480-00438591 doing
+tkHteJkUGko-00783-00438592-00438959 they're following my order
+tkHteJkUGko-00784-00438960-00439191 they needed a new leader after they
+tkHteJkUGko-00785-00439192-00439863 heard that you had died
+tkHteJkUGko-00786-00439864-00440854 uh
+tkHteJkUGko-00787-00440855-00441503 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00788-00441504-00441821 hello
+tkHteJkUGko-00789-00441822-00444807 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00790-00444808-00445268 hmm
+tkHteJkUGko-00791-00445270-00446420 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00792-00446421-00447343 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00793-00447343-00448087 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00794-00448088-00450566 oh
+tkHteJkUGko-00795-00450567-00450829 um
+tkHteJkUGko-00796-00450830-00453103 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00797-00453104-00453307 so
+tkHteJkUGko-00799-00457104-00457255 so
+tkHteJkUGko-00800-00457256-00458879 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00801-00458880-00460183 oh
+tkHteJkUGko-00802-00460184-00460479 glad you made it kid thanks colonel
+tkHteJkUGko-00803-00460480-00460663 ian must have given up on me
+tkHteJkUGko-00804-00460664-00460951 i thought you were dead
+tkHteJkUGko-00805-00460952-00461127 how come you hung around
+tkHteJkUGko-00806-00461128-00461391 i don't know
+tkHteJkUGko-00807-00461392-00461518 i guess it was just some kind of
+tkHteJkUGko-00808-00461519-00462175 instinct
+tkHteJkUGko-00809-00462176-00462399 i want you to guard the base
+tkHteJkUGko-00810-00462400-00462647 if i'm not back in 24 hours go down the
+tkHteJkUGko-00811-00462647-00462991 river and try to find mozilli
+tkHteJkUGko-00812-00462992-00463108 colonel
+tkHteJkUGko-00813-00463109-00463303 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00814-00463304-00463470 i know you don't need me to guard the
+tkHteJkUGko-00815-00463471-00463679 base i want to help you get those
+tkHteJkUGko-00816-00463680-00463803 bastards
+tkHteJkUGko-00817-00463804-00465622 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00818-00465623-00466003 fellow
+tkHteJkUGko-00819-00466004-00467071 brothers are enemies
+tkHteJkUGko-00820-00467072-00467775 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00821-00467776-00469207 he's listening he knows we're here
+tkHteJkUGko-00822-00469208-00469455 of his luck
+tkHteJkUGko-00823-00469456-00469999 come look for yourself you're dead
+tkHteJkUGko-00824-00470000-00470135 so the boots
+tkHteJkUGko-00825-00470135-00470388 that's not yen
+tkHteJkUGko-00826-00470389-00471887 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00827-00471888-00472007 he's in one of those two shacks down
+tkHteJkUGko-00828-00472008-00472231 there if there's any fireworks
+tkHteJkUGko-00829-00472232-00472607 here throw these grenades
+tkHteJkUGko-00830-00472608-00472879 sir what about nestor
+tkHteJkUGko-00831-00472880-00473070 you can take care of himself
+tkHteJkUGko-00832-00473071-00473384 he always has
+tkHteJkUGko-00833-00473385-00473591 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00834-00473592-00473676 he won't show
+tkHteJkUGko-00835-00473677-00474335 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00836-00474335-00474537 he'll come
+tkHteJkUGko-00837-00474538-00476647 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00838-00476647-00478168 let's go
+tkHteJkUGko-00839-00478168-00478487 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00840-00478488-00479718 colonel braddock
+tkHteJkUGko-00841-00479719-00479863 i'll give you
+tkHteJkUGko-00842-00479864-00480151 30 seconds to decide whether you want
+tkHteJkUGko-00843-00480152-00480867 masili to live or die
+tkHteJkUGko-00844-00480868-00482599 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00845-00482600-00482951 your 30 second is up
+tkHteJkUGko-00846-00482952-00483183 you have just murdered
+tkHteJkUGko-00847-00483184-00483479 your last man
+tkHteJkUGko-00848-00483480-00483655 silly
+tkHteJkUGko-00849-00483656-00484335 anything you want me to tell you a kid
+tkHteJkUGko-00850-00484335-00484670 azealia's mind
+tkHteJkUGko-00851-00484671-00484887 why don't we just tell the kid that
+tkHteJkUGko-00852-00484888-00485214 daddy was a very brave soldier
+tkHteJkUGko-00853-00485215-00486039 right up to the very end
+tkHteJkUGko-00854-00486041-00487939 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00855-00487941-00489031 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00856-00489032-00489414 yesterday he came back to us
+tkHteJkUGko-00857-00489414-00491082 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00858-00491083-00492588 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00859-00492589-00492887 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00860-00492888-00493327 colonel yongin's house
+tkHteJkUGko-00861-00493328-00493533 lieutenant
+tkHteJkUGko-00862-00493534-00494279 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00863-00494280-00494400 come
+tkHteJkUGko-00864-00494401-00494591 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00865-00494592-00494718 ready
+tkHteJkUGko-00866-00494719-00495464 go
+tkHteJkUGko-00867-00495466-00496067 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00868-00496068-00496808 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00869-00496809-00497434 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00870-00497435-00498975 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00871-00498976-00499081 uh
+tkHteJkUGko-00872-00499082-00500607 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00874-00504719-00505055 nobody could look through this
+tkHteJkUGko-00875-00505056-00506174 colonel
+tkHteJkUGko-00876-00506175-00507518 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00877-00507519-00507679 you know how to fly this thing you
+tkHteJkUGko-00878-00507680-00508409 better believe it
+tkHteJkUGko-00879-00508410-00510045 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00880-00510046-00511030 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00881-00511031-00513492 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00882-00513493-00514175 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00883-00514176-00514359 you really didn't think i'd leave
+tkHteJkUGko-00884-00514360-00514839 without knowing for sure you were dead
+tkHteJkUGko-00885-00514839-00515070 you'll not just kill me
+tkHteJkUGko-00886-00515071-00515214 you want to know
+tkHteJkUGko-00887-00515215-00515510 who the better man is
+tkHteJkUGko-00888-00515512-00515687 it is why
+tkHteJkUGko-00889-00515688-00515943 you stayed behind
+tkHteJkUGko-00890-00515943-00516207 i also want to know
+tkHteJkUGko-00891-00516208-00516462 that is why i kept you alive
+tkHteJkUGko-00892-00516463-00516983 all these years
+tkHteJkUGko-00893-00516984-00517239 now it is the time
+tkHteJkUGko-00894-00517239-00517455 you and i
+tkHteJkUGko-00895-00517456-00517655 one-on-one
+tkHteJkUGko-00896-00517656-00517927 no politics
+tkHteJkUGko-00897-00517928-00518959 no weapons
+tkHteJkUGko-00898-00518960-00519222 just a little game to find out
+tkHteJkUGko-00899-00519223-00519943 who is the better man
+tkHteJkUGko-00900-00519943-00521087 i knew you could not resist my challenge
+tkHteJkUGko-00901-00521088-00521279 colonel yen
+tkHteJkUGko-00902-00521280-00521447 with the atrocities inflicted on the
+tkHteJkUGko-00903-00521447-00521631 vietnamese and american prisoners of
+tkHteJkUGko-00904-00521632-00521895 this camp
+tkHteJkUGko-00905-00521896-00523343 i sentence you to death
+tkHteJkUGko-00906-00523343-00524943 thank you
+tkHteJkUGko-00907-00524944-00526268 uh
+tkHteJkUGko-00908-00526269-00527366 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00909-00527367-00528029 dad
+tkHteJkUGko-00911-00532161-00533913 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00912-00533914-00534543 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00913-00534544-00535374 this is for nestor
+tkHteJkUGko-00914-00535375-00535622 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00915-00535623-00536227 not yet
+tkHteJkUGko-00916-00536228-00536846 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00917-00536847-00537679 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00918-00537680-00538642 me
+tkHteJkUGko-00919-00538643-00538903 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00920-00538904-00539549 okay it's over
+tkHteJkUGko-00921-00539550-00540154 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00922-00540155-00541103 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00923-00541104-00541265 so
+tkHteJkUGko-00924-00541266-00542743 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00925-00542744-00543218 this is for franklin
+tkHteJkUGko-00926-00543219-00543855 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00927-00543856-00544164 you lose
+tkHteJkUGko-00929-00548123-00548344 [Applause]
+tkHteJkUGko-00930-00548345-00549703 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00931-00549704-00551104 this is for me
+tkHteJkUGko-00932-00551105-00552359 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00933-00552360-00552503 so
+tkHteJkUGko-00934-00552504-00553670 [Music]
+tkHteJkUGko-00935-00553671-00553908 so
+tkHteJkUGko-00937-00569215-00569423 you
+u0ynIO8onaY-00000-00000463-00001199 [Music]
+u0ynIO8onaY-00001-00001200-00001478 oh
+u0ynIO8onaY-00002-00001479-00001582 [Applause]
+u0ynIO8onaY-00004-00006392-00006559 so
+u0ynIO8onaY-00005-00006561-00006579 [Music]
+u0ynIO8onaY-00006-00006580-00007081 [Applause]
+u0ynIO8onaY-00007-00007083-00007336 [Music]
+u0ynIO8onaY-00008-00007337-00007434 [Applause]
+u0ynIO8onaY-00009-00007434-00007617 [Music]
+u0ynIO8onaY-00010-00007618-00007942 [Applause]
+u0ynIO8onaY-00011-00007943-00008862 [Music]
+u0ynIO8onaY-00012-00008863-00008941 [Applause]
+u0ynIO8onaY-00014-00013768-00013976 you
+u7X-tpb221u-00000-00001769-00002623 [Applause]
+u7X-tpb221u-00001-00002624-00002775 so without further ado
+u7X-tpb221u-00002-00002776-00002987 let's get to the video
+u7X-tpb221u-00003-00002988-00004283 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00004-00004284-00004824 is
+u7X-tpb221u-00006-00010997-00011283 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00007-00011284-00012683 here
+u7X-tpb221u-00008-00012684-00014313 a
+u7X-tpb221u-00009-00014313-00015403 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00011-00019371-00020771 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00012-00020772-00021715 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00014-00025817-00026906 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00016-00031826-00033417 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00018-00040684-00042911 foreign
+u7X-tpb221u-00019-00042912-00043483 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00020-00043484-00043995 my
+u7X-tpb221u-00022-00049084-00050502 be
+u7X-tpb221u-00023-00050503-00052003 natural anxiety
+u7X-tpb221u-00024-00052004-00052549 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00025-00052550-00054682 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00026-00054683-00054807 so
+u7X-tpb221u-00027-00054808-00055119 serving to our nation economy in party
+u7X-tpb221u-00028-00055120-00055679 ideas
+u7X-tpb221u-00029-00055679-00057482 stepping out of water
+u7X-tpb221u-00031-00062679-00065408 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00033-00068484-00070423 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00034-00070424-00071755 i love saving the ariebisha
+u7X-tpb221u-00035-00071756-00073671 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00036-00073672-00074282 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00037-00074283-00074464 to
+u7X-tpb221u-00038-00074465-00076999 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00041-00084083-00084241 bye
+u7X-tpb221u-00042-00084242-00084703 [Music]
+u7X-tpb221u-00043-00084704-00084912 you
+u8Q-dlKhxw4-00003-00030791-00033679 um
+u8Q-dlKhxw4-00010-00176359-00176495 [Music]
+u8Q-dlKhxw4-00011-00176496-00177301 foreign
+u8Q-dlKhxw4-00012-00177302-00179007 [Music]
+u8Q-dlKhxw4-00013-00179008-00179215 you
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00000-00000973-00001470 [Music]
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00001-00001471-00002063 so
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00002-00002064-00002346 is
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00003-00002347-00003620 [Music]
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00004-00003621-00004321 [Applause]
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00005-00004322-00004862 [Music]
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00006-00004863-00006088 [Music]
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00007-00006089-00006391 [Music]
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00008-00006392-00006473 [Applause]
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00009-00006475-00007103 [Music]
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00010-00007104-00009989 [Music]
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00012-00014968-00015112 come on
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00013-00015113-00016380 [Music]
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00014-00016381-00016958 [Music]
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00015-00016959-00017886 [Music]
+u9Jovzp5c6M-00016-00017887-00018244 i'm gonna say
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00000-00000105-00001070 [Music]
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00001-00001071-00001191 and i'm playing ancient teachers in the
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00002-00001192-00001343 monastery i don't know how it's gonna go
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00003-00001344-00002079 i really don't but we're gonna see
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00004-00002080-00002407 at the end he was carrying people in 2v2
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00005-00002408-00002758 yeah i want to thought you blue balls
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00006-00002759-00003158 because they gave you a debuff
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00007-00003159-00003654 no 1600 and 1800
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00008-00003655-00003783 but you can only the reason why you want
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00009-00003784-00004151 to avoid the blue balls is because
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00010-00004152-00004367 you get a debuff and on a mythic you
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00011-00004368-00004486 actually
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00012-00004487-00004622 can't dispel it you can just spell it
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00013-00004623-00004863 now on heroic and normal i'm pretty sure
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00014-00004864-00005031 quickly after the next uh i have a lot
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00015-00005032-00005295 of damage built up
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00016-00005296-00006151 all right the healing
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00017-00006152-00006367 avoid
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00018-00006368-00006598 i feel like eulon is so freaking awkward
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00019-00006600-00006831 like i like refreshing jade wind
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00020-00006831-00007055 but i swear
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00021-00007056-00007263 it's so awkward to press because i don't
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00022-00007264-00007406 even know what to do with it
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00023-00007408-00007567 half the time most of the time
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00024-00007568-00007719 ninety-nine percent sometimes
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00025-00007720-00007878 on
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00026-00007879-00008070 void you have some d you have a decent
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00027-00008072-00008207 amount of time to get it so we're
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00028-00008208-00008446 stacking up because you get debuffs
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00029-00008447-00008646 and how you clear it is by stacking up
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00030-00008647-00008871 and then it goes away so we get a nice
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00031-00008872-00008991 refreshing jade wind and then you can
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00032-00008992-00009110 actually get a nice che burst here if
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00033-00009111-00009271 they're pretty video anyone that's lined
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00034-00009272-00009414 up boom
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00035-00009415-00009599 not bad
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00036-00009600-00009903 it's not much damage on normal but
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00037-00009904-00010183 it's decent
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00038-00010184-00010342 and yeah you're just extending hots here
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00039-00010343-00010591 for the most part with uh rising mist
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00040-00010592-00010910 and rising sun cake
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00041-00010911-00011238 amenity that i could probably press
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00042-00011239-00011414 pretty soon i'll just press it now for
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00043-00011415-00011567 that enveloping mist go for an essence
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00044-00011568-00011759 font we're doing missed here and then i
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00045-00011760-00011903 can refreshing jada when i extend the
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00046-00011904-00012159 hots into another renewing mist
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00047-00012160-00012319 i got a decent amount of them up so
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00048-00012320-00012551 we're gonna try to keep getting more
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00049-00012552-00012807 rising sun kicks through blackout kicks
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00050-00012808-00012966 uh refresh my ancient teachings to the
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00051-00012967-00013111 monastery i'm just gonna on use here for
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00052-00013112-00013303 fun and just do damage i didn't get it i
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00053-00013304-00013615 did get hit by that that's kind of bad
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00054-00013616-00013766 now it's a good time to i guess to make
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00055-00013768-00013894 mistakes but you just want to get in a
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00056-00013895-00014086 habit of not
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00057-00014087-00014279 making mistakes or at least cleaning it
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00058-00014280-00014407 up
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00059-00014408-00014535 because it doesn't really matter normal
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00060-00014536-00014671 it's like
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00061-00014672-00014830 pretty easy right for the most part for
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00062-00014831-00015015 the most part and i got hit by again all
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00063-00015016-00015503 right all right calm down
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00064-00015504-00015647 i also got a new trinket from the first
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00065-00015647-00015863 boss i don't know how good it is
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00066-00015863-00016111 i'm trying to see how good it feels
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00067-00016112-00016350 i feel like that's the pvp are in me
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00068-00016351-00016455 like
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00069-00016456-00016663 i kind of just see how it feels look at
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00070-00016664-00016886 the healing it does good
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00071-00016887-00017086 who is actually getting pi we take it
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00072-00017087-00017175 you know
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00073-00017176-00017454 uh we'll use it i was giving it to brew
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00074-00017455-00017991 [Laughter]
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00075-00017992-00018119 yeah i'm pretty sure i'm like the most
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00076-00018120-00018822 are people in range getting okay
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00077-00018823-00018975 hella soon
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00078-00018976-00019214 dodging
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00079-00019215-00019383 i got try not to
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00080-00019384-00019694 tunnel so much
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00081-00019695-00020239 i'll fall in order here too
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00082-00020240-00020367 g burst here
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00083-00020368-00020591 refreshing jaded with manatee up
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00084-00020592-00020783 seems pretty good good value i haven't
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00085-00020784-00020999 used revive at once this whole fight
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00086-00021000-00021214 so probably after clearing or just
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00087-00021215-00021383 finish
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00088-00021384-00021743 i just finished
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00089-00021744-00021878 revival oh
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00090-00021879-00022047 tried to save him
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00091-00022048-00022550 tried really hard
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00092-00022551-00022694 first jade wind
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00093-00022695-00022958 touch death
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00094-00022959-00023150 beautiful
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00095-00023151-00023367 anything good oh look i got the thing i
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00096-00023368-00023522 just bought
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00097-00023523-00024855 [Music]
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00098-00024856-00025375 [Music]
+uq6G1xLjAK4-00099-00025376-00025584 foreign
+utdvrprO-vI-00000-00000104-00000318 ranking of liturgical days in the roman
+utdvrprO-vI-00001-00000319-00000551 rite serves two purposes the rank
+utdvrprO-vI-00002-00000552-00000743 indicates some particular points about
+utdvrprO-vI-00003-00000744-00000943 the liturgical manner of celebrating the
+utdvrprO-vI-00004-00000944-00001183 day for instance the mass of a solemnity
+utdvrprO-vI-00005-00001184-00001366 will include recitation or singing of
+utdvrprO-vI-00006-00001367-00001566 the gloria in excelsis and the creed
+utdvrprO-vI-00007-00001567-00001751 that of what is now called in a specific
+utdvrprO-vI-00008-00001752-00001918 technical sense a feast will have the
+utdvrprO-vI-00009-00001919-00002110 gloria but not the creed
+utdvrprO-vI-00010-00002111-00002302 a memorial will have neither although it
+utdvrprO-vI-00011-00002303-00002526 may have proper readings
+utdvrprO-vI-00012-00002527-00002718 the other purpose is to determine which
+utdvrprO-vI-00013-00002719-00002895 mass is to be said when two feasts
+utdvrprO-vI-00014-00002896-00003126 coincide or occur
+utdvrprO-vI-00015-00003127-00003335 on the same day as well as when a feast
+utdvrprO-vI-00016-00003336-00003519 falls on a sunday or certain other
+utdvrprO-vI-00017-00003520-00003983 higher ranking days
+utdvrprO-vI-00018-00003984-00004622 topic ranks
+utdvrprO-vI-00019-00004623-00004806 each day in the catholic liturgical
+utdvrprO-vI-00020-00004807-00004991 calendar has a rank
+utdvrprO-vI-00021-00004992-00005199 the five basic ranks for the ordinary
+utdvrprO-vI-00022-00005200-00005383 form of the roman rite in descending
+utdvrprO-vI-00023-00005384-00005663 order of importance are as follows
+utdvrprO-vI-00024-00005664-00005911 solemnity the highest ranking type of
+utdvrprO-vI-00025-00005912-00006038 feast day
+utdvrprO-vI-00026-00006039-00006222 it commemorates an event in the life of
+utdvrprO-vI-00027-00006223-00006446 jesus or mary or celebrates a saint
+utdvrprO-vI-00028-00006447-00006598 important to the whole church or the
+utdvrprO-vI-00029-00006600-00006759 local community
+utdvrprO-vI-00030-00006759-00006967 the mass of a solemnity has proper
+utdvrprO-vI-00031-00006968-00007151 readings and prayers the gloria and
+utdvrprO-vI-00032-00007152-00007351 crete are recited and occasionally there
+utdvrprO-vI-00033-00007352-00007559 will be use of incense a processional
+utdvrprO-vI-00034-00007559-00007742 hymn and procession and a recessional
+utdvrprO-vI-00035-00007743-00007903 hymn recession
+utdvrprO-vI-00036-00007904-00008142 outside of advent lent and eastertide a
+utdvrprO-vI-00037-00008143-00008327 solemnity falling on a sunday is
+utdvrprO-vI-00038-00008328-00008574 celebrated in place of the sunday
+utdvrprO-vI-00039-00008575-00008735 the equivalent type in the older
+utdvrprO-vI-00040-00008736-00008959 tridentine or extraordinary form of the
+utdvrprO-vI-00041-00008960-00009246 roman rite and the 1962 missile of pope
+utdvrprO-vI-00042-00009247-00009495 street john xxiii would be a i class
+utdvrprO-vI-00043-00009496-00009727 feast solemnities are closely related to
+utdvrprO-vI-00044-00009728-00009967 holy days of obligation because all holy
+utdvrprO-vI-00045-00009968-00010238 days of obligation are also solemnities
+utdvrprO-vI-00046-00010239-00010438 however not all solemnities are holy
+utdvrprO-vI-00047-00010439-00010638 days of obligation for example the
+utdvrprO-vI-00048-00010639-00010871 nativity of the lord jesus christmas is
+utdvrprO-vI-00049-00010872-00011078 a solemnity which is always a holy day
+utdvrprO-vI-00050-00011079-00011295 of obligation whereas the solemnity of
+utdvrprO-vI-00051-00011296-00011606 s-ts peter and paul is usually not a
+utdvrprO-vI-00052-00011607-00011895 holy day of obligation also in certain
+utdvrprO-vI-00053-00011896-00012070 locales certain days which are
+utdvrprO-vI-00054-00012071-00012278 celebrated as feasts or memorials in
+utdvrprO-vI-00055-00012279-00012446 most of the church are celebrated as
+utdvrprO-vI-00056-00012447-00012687 solemnities for example saint patrick's
+utdvrprO-vI-00057-00012688-00012894 day is a solemnity in ireland but is
+utdvrprO-vI-00058-00012895-00013079 normally a memorial for the rest of the
+utdvrprO-vI-00059-00013080-00013247 church our lady of sorrows is a
+utdvrprO-vI-00060-00013247-00013463 solemnity in slovakia whereas it is a
+utdvrprO-vI-00061-00013463-00013735 memorial in all other places
+utdvrprO-vI-00062-00013736-00013999 feast the rank of secondary liturgical
+utdvrprO-vI-00063-00014000-00014207 days including lesser events in the life
+utdvrprO-vI-00064-00014208-00014486 of jesus mary or an apostle theological
+utdvrprO-vI-00065-00014487-00014727 is speaking or for major saints
+utdvrprO-vI-00066-00014728-00014951 the gloria is recited but not the creed
+utdvrprO-vI-00067-00014952-00015086 and there are proper readings and
+utdvrprO-vI-00068-00015087-00015263 prayers for the feast
+utdvrprO-vI-00069-00015263-00015471 a feast pertaining to the lord e.g
+utdvrprO-vI-00070-00015472-00015671 transfiguration falling on a sunday
+utdvrprO-vI-00071-00015672-00015894 during ordinary time replaces the sunday
+utdvrprO-vI-00072-00015895-00016015 liturgy
+utdvrprO-vI-00073-00016016-00016222 the equivalent in the older tridentine
+utdvrprO-vI-00074-00016223-00016439 or extraordinary form of the roman rite
+utdvrprO-vI-00075-00016440-00016727 and the 1962 missal of pope street john
+utdvrprO-vI-00076-00016728-00017047 xxiii would be a two-class feast
+utdvrprO-vI-00077-00017048-00017303 memorial the commemoration of a saint of
+utdvrprO-vI-00078-00017304-00017543 lesser importance many memorials are
+utdvrprO-vI-00079-00017544-00017750 optional or only observed in specific
+utdvrprO-vI-00080-00017751-00018014 dioceses regions or nations
+utdvrprO-vI-00081-00018015-00018191 the equivalent in the tridentine
+utdvrprO-vI-00082-00018192-00018343 extraordinary form would be a
+utdvrprO-vI-00083-00018344-00018550 three-class feast
+utdvrprO-vI-00084-00018551-00018919 seasonal weekday a weekday in a strong
+utdvrprO-vI-00085-00018920-00019199 liturgical season advent christmastide
+utdvrprO-vI-00086-00019200-00019463 lent or eastertide on which no solemnity
+utdvrprO-vI-00087-00019464-00019750 feast or memorial happens to be observed
+utdvrprO-vI-00088-00019751-00019958 the equivalent in the extraordinary form
+utdvrprO-vI-00089-00019959-00020207 would be i2 and iii class ferial days
+utdvrprO-vI-00090-00020208-00020383 and the even older tridentine forms
+utdvrprO-vI-00091-00020384-00020686 would be classified as major ferials
+utdvrprO-vI-00092-00020687-00020967 feria or ferial weekday a weak day in
+utdvrprO-vI-00093-00020968-00021183 ordinary time on which no solemnity
+utdvrprO-vI-00094-00021184-00021455 feast or memorial happens to be observed
+utdvrprO-vI-00095-00021456-00021671 the equivalent in the extraordinary form
+utdvrprO-vI-00096-00021672-00021871 would be iv class ferial and in the
+utdvrprO-vI-00097-00021872-00022063 older tridentine forms would be minor
+utdvrprO-vI-00098-00022064-00022614 ferials
+utdvrprO-vI-00099-00022615-00023183 history
+utdvrprO-vI-00100-00023184-00023375 the ranking of feast days of saints and
+utdvrprO-vI-00101-00023376-00023535 of christian mysteries such as the
+utdvrprO-vI-00102-00023536-00023711 ascension of the lord which had grown
+utdvrprO-vI-00103-00023712-00023878 from an original division between
+utdvrprO-vI-00104-00023879-00024063 doubles and simples developed into a
+utdvrprO-vI-00105-00024064-00024286 more complicated hierarchy of simple
+utdvrprO-vI-00106-00024287-00024494 semi-double and double with feast days
+utdvrprO-vI-00107-00024495-00024686 of the double rite further divided into
+utdvrprO-vI-00108-00024687-00024903 double of the i class double of the two
+utdvrprO-vI-00109-00024904-00025135 class greater double or major double and
+utdvrprO-vI-00110-00025136-00025439 double in order of descending rank what
+utdvrprO-vI-00111-00025440-00025718 the original meaning of the term double
+utdvrprO-vI-00112-00025719-00025943 may have been is not entirely certain
+utdvrprO-vI-00113-00025944-00026102 some think that the greater festivals
+utdvrprO-vI-00114-00026104-00026287 were thus styled because the antiphons
+utdvrprO-vI-00115-00026288-00026567 before and after the psalms were doubled
+utdvrprO-vI-00116-00026568-00026855 i.e twice repeated entire on these days
+utdvrprO-vI-00117-00026856-00027062 others with more probability point to
+utdvrprO-vI-00118-00027063-00027262 the fact that before the 9th century in
+utdvrprO-vI-00119-00027263-00027479 certain places for example at rome it
+utdvrprO-vI-00120-00027480-00027687 was customary on the greater feast days
+utdvrprO-vI-00121-00027688-00027895 to recite two sets of matins the one of
+utdvrprO-vI-00122-00027895-00028095 the feria or weekday the other of the
+utdvrprO-vI-00123-00028095-00028407 festival hence such days were known as
+utdvrprO-vI-00124-00028408-00028518 doubles
+utdvrprO-vI-00125-00028519-00028823 the catholic encyclopedia of 1907 shows
+utdvrprO-vI-00126-00028824-00029007 the incremental crowding of the calendar
+utdvrprO-vI-00127-00029008-00029183 with the following table based on the
+utdvrprO-vI-00128-00029183-00029399 official revisions of the roman breviary
+utdvrprO-vI-00129-00029400-00029935 in 1568 1602 1631 and 1882 and on the
+utdvrprO-vI-00130-00029936-00030199 situation in 1907
+utdvrprO-vI-00131-00030200-00030455 in 1907 when in accordance with the
+utdvrprO-vI-00132-00030456-00030646 rules in force since the time of pope
+utdvrprO-vI-00133-00030647-00030911 pius v feast days of any form of double
+utdvrprO-vI-00134-00030912-00031039 if impeded by
+utdvrprO-vI-00135-00031039-00031158 occurrence
+utdvrprO-vI-00136-00031160-00031351 falling on the same day with a feast day
+utdvrprO-vI-00137-00031352-00031527 of higher class were transferred to
+utdvrprO-vI-00138-00031527-00031758 another day this classification of feast
+utdvrprO-vI-00139-00031760-00031951 days was of great practical importance
+utdvrprO-vI-00140-00031952-00032111 for deciding which feast day to
+utdvrprO-vI-00141-00032112-00032351 celebrate on any particular day
+utdvrprO-vI-00142-00032352-00032574 pope pius xi simplified matters
+utdvrprO-vI-00143-00032575-00032823 considerably in his 1911 reform of the
+utdvrprO-vI-00144-00032824-00032990 roman breviary
+utdvrprO-vI-00145-00032991-00033159 in the case of occurrence the lower
+utdvrprO-vI-00146-00033160-00033318 ranking feast day could become a
+utdvrprO-vI-00147-00033319-00033511 commemoration within the celebration of
+utdvrprO-vI-00148-00033512-00033695 the higher ranking one
+utdvrprO-vI-00149-00033696-00033918 further retouches were made by pope pius
+utdvrprO-vI-00150-00033919-00034374 xii in 1955. pope john xxiii in 1960 and
+utdvrprO-vI-00151-00034375-00034727 pope paul vi in 1969. on farias and many
+utdvrprO-vI-00152-00034728-00034943 feast days of simple rank the celebrant
+utdvrprO-vI-00153-00034944-00035118 was permitted to substitute a mass of
+utdvrprO-vI-00154-00035119-00035335 his own choice such as a votive mass or
+utdvrprO-vI-00155-00035336-00035527 a mass for the dead
+utdvrprO-vI-00156-00035528-00035783 before the reform of pope saint pius xi
+utdvrprO-vI-00157-00035784-00036062 in 1911 ordinary doubles took precedence
+utdvrprO-vI-00158-00036063-00036255 over most of the semi-double sundays
+utdvrprO-vI-00159-00036256-00036455 resulting in many of the sunday masses
+utdvrprO-vI-00160-00036456-00036702 rarely being said while retaining the
+utdvrprO-vI-00161-00036703-00036918 semi-double rite for sundays the reform
+utdvrprO-vI-00162-00036919-00037111 permitted only the most important feast
+utdvrprO-vI-00163-00037112-00037327 days to be celebrated on sunday although
+utdvrprO-vI-00164-00037328-00037511 commemorations were still made until the
+utdvrprO-vI-00165-00037512-00037759 reform of 1960.
+utdvrprO-vI-00166-00037760-00037959 the division into doubles of various
+utdvrprO-vI-00167-00037960-00038190 kinds semi-doubles and simples continued
+utdvrprO-vI-00168-00038191-00038527 until 1955 when pope pius xii abolished
+utdvrprO-vI-00169-00038528-00038711 the rank of semi-double making all the
+utdvrprO-vI-00170-00038712-00038879 previous semi-double simples and
+utdvrprO-vI-00171-00038880-00039071 reducing the previous symbols to a mere
+utdvrprO-vI-00172-00039072-00039246 commemoration in the mass of another
+utdvrprO-vI-00173-00039247-00039439 feast day or of the feria on which they
+utdvrprO-vI-00174-00039440-00039574 fell
+utdvrprO-vI-00175-00039575-00039927 then in 1960 pope john xxiii completely
+utdvrprO-vI-00176-00039928-00040095 ended the ranking of feast days by
+utdvrprO-vI-00177-00040096-00040351 doubles etc replacing it by a ranking
+utdvrprO-vI-00178-00040352-00040551 applied not only to feast days but to
+utdvrprO-vI-00179-00040552-00040855 all liturgical days as i 2 3 and iv
+utdvrprO-vI-00180-00040856-00041023 class days
+utdvrprO-vI-00181-00041024-00041335 the 1969 revision by pope paul vi
+utdvrprO-vI-00182-00041336-00041671 divided feast days into solemnities
+utdvrprO-vI-00183-00041672-00041790 feasts
+utdvrprO-vI-00184-00041791-00041983 and memorials
+utdvrprO-vI-00185-00041984-00042215 corresponding approximately to pope john
+utdvrprO-vI-00186-00042216-00042630 xxiii s i 2 and 3 class feast days
+utdvrprO-vI-00187-00042631-00042871 commemorations were abolished both as a
+utdvrprO-vI-00188-00042872-00043071 rank of liturgical day and is the
+utdvrprO-vI-00189-00043072-00043262 addition of a second presidential
+utdvrprO-vI-00190-00043263-00043502 prayers after the day
+utdvrprO-vI-00191-00043503-00043718 s collect prayer over the offerings and
+utdvrprO-vI-00192-00043719-00043951 prayer after communion at mass
+utdvrprO-vI-00193-00043952-00044087 while some of the memorials are
+utdvrprO-vI-00194-00044088-00044271 considered obligatory others are
+utdvrprO-vI-00195-00044272-00044455 optional permitting a choice on some
+utdvrprO-vI-00196-00044456-00044679 days between two or three memorials or
+utdvrprO-vI-00197-00044680-00044871 between one or more memorials and the
+utdvrprO-vI-00198-00044872-00045071 celebration of the feria
+utdvrprO-vI-00199-00045072-00045262 on a day to which no obligatory
+utdvrprO-vI-00200-00045263-00045471 celebration is assigned the mass may be
+utdvrprO-vI-00201-00045472-00045630 of any saint mentioned in the roman
+utdvrprO-vI-00202-00045631-00045855 martyrology for that day
+utdvrprO-vI-00203-00045856-00046079 this allows priests more flexibility in
+utdvrprO-vI-00204-00046080-00046271 their celebration of mass since they are
+utdvrprO-vI-00205-00046272-00046415 now permitted to choose between the
+utdvrprO-vI-00206-00046416-00046623 memorial masses of saints on most days
+utdvrprO-vI-00207-00046624-00046743 of the year
+utdvrprO-vI-00208-00046744-00046951 before the reforms there was always only
+utdvrprO-vI-00209-00046952-00047174 one memorial and one text for mass per
+utdvrprO-vI-00210-00047175-00047383 day with lesser saints days being merely
+utdvrprO-vI-00211-00047384-00047590 commemorated their own separate masses
+utdvrprO-vI-00212-00047591-00047799 having frequently fallen into disuse and
+utdvrprO-vI-00213-00047800-00047951 only the collect secret and
+utdvrprO-vI-00214-00047952-00048223 post-communion remaining in the missal
+utdvrprO-vI-00215-00048224-00048374 the developments in the ranking of
+utdvrprO-vI-00216-00048375-00048567 feasts according to the roman breviaries
+utdvrprO-vI-00217-00048568-00049086 calendar can be summarized thus
+utdvrprO-vI-00218-00049087-00049646 topic sundays
+utdvrprO-vI-00219-00049647-00049783 topic
+utdvrprO-vI-00220-00049784-00050055 pope john xxiii code of rubrics divided
+utdvrprO-vI-00221-00050056-00050286 sundays into two classes
+utdvrprO-vI-00222-00050287-00050486 sundays of the i-class were the four of
+utdvrprO-vI-00223-00050487-00050671 advent the four of lent the two of
+utdvrprO-vI-00224-00050672-00050943 passiontide easter sunday low sunday and
+utdvrprO-vI-00225-00050944-00051086 pentecost
+utdvrprO-vI-00226-00051087-00051279 no feast whatsoever could replace the
+utdvrprO-vI-00227-00051279-00051470 celebration of these sundays with the
+utdvrprO-vI-00228-00051471-00051623 sole exception of the feast of the
+utdvrprO-vI-00229-00051624-00051814 immaculate conception
+utdvrprO-vI-00230-00051815-00052030 all other sundays were of two class and
+utdvrprO-vI-00231-00052032-00052238 outranked feasts of two class with the
+utdvrprO-vI-00232-00052239-00052399 exception that feasts of the lord
+utdvrprO-vI-00233-00052400-00052582 whether i or two class replaced
+utdvrprO-vI-00234-00052583-00052791 celebration of a two-class sunday on
+utdvrprO-vI-00235-00052791-00053038 which they happened to fall the 1955
+utdvrprO-vI-00236-00053039-00053263 reform of pope pius xii did not have
+utdvrprO-vI-00237-00053264-00053542 this division of sundays into classes
+utdvrprO-vI-00238-00053544-00053742 instead it laid down that the sundays of
+utdvrprO-vI-00239-00053744-00053942 advent and lent and those that follow up
+utdvrprO-vI-00240-00053944-00054207 to low sunday and also pentecost sunday
+utdvrprO-vI-00241-00054208-00054399 are celebrated as doubles of the first
+utdvrprO-vI-00242-00054400-00054623 class and outrank all feasts but when
+utdvrprO-vI-00243-00054624-00054807 feasts of the first class occur on the
+utdvrprO-vI-00244-00054808-00055023 second third or fourth sunday of advent
+utdvrprO-vI-00245-00055024-00055247 masses of the feast are permitted
+utdvrprO-vI-00246-00055248-00055454 sundays previously celebrated in the
+utdvrprO-vI-00247-00055455-00055623 semi-double rite were raised to the
+utdvrprO-vI-00248-00055624-00055759 double rite
+utdvrprO-vI-00249-00055760-00055926 a feast of our lord occurring on a
+utdvrprO-vI-00250-00055927-00056111 sunday per annum was to take the place
+utdvrprO-vI-00251-00056112-00056535 of the sunday
+utdvrprO-vI-00252-00056536-00057038 topic farias
+utdvrprO-vI-00253-00057039-00057182 topic
+utdvrprO-vI-00254-00057183-00057375 in addition to his division of festival
+utdvrprO-vI-00255-00057376-00057630 days and sundays pope john xxiii
+utdvrprO-vI-00256-00057632-00057830 introduced a division of ferias into
+utdvrprO-vI-00257-00057832-00057999 four classes
+utdvrprO-vI-00258-00058000-00058271 first class ferias outranking all feasts
+utdvrprO-vI-00259-00058272-00058454 ash wednesday and all the weekdays of
+utdvrprO-vI-00260-00058455-00058630 holy week
+utdvrprO-vI-00261-00058632-00058863 second class ferias outranking local
+utdvrprO-vI-00262-00058864-00059094 second class feasts ferias of advent
+utdvrprO-vI-00263-00059095-00059350 from the 17th of december to the 23rd of
+utdvrprO-vI-00264-00059351-00059582 december and ember days of advent lent
+utdvrprO-vI-00265-00059583-00059750 in september
+utdvrprO-vI-00266-00059751-00059991 third class ferias ferry is in lent from
+utdvrprO-vI-00267-00059991-00060215 thursday after ash wednesday to saturday
+utdvrprO-vI-00268-00060216-00060415 before the second sunday of the passion
+utdvrprO-vI-00269-00060416-00060630 palm sunday except ember days these
+utdvrprO-vI-00270-00060632-00060871 outranked third class feasts and ferias
+utdvrprO-vI-00271-00060872-00061087 in advent up to the 16th of december
+utdvrprO-vI-00272-00061088-00061279 except ember days these were outranked
+utdvrprO-vI-00273-00061279-00061511 by third class feasts
+utdvrprO-vI-00274-00061512-00061735 fourth class ferias all other fairies
+utdvrprO-vI-00275-00061736-00062030 before that ferias were either major
+utdvrprO-vI-00276-00062032-00062215 or minor
+utdvrprO-vI-00277-00062216-00062382 the major which must have at least a
+utdvrprO-vI-00278-00062383-00062606 commemoration even on the highest feasts
+utdvrprO-vI-00279-00062607-00062799 were those of advent and lent the ember
+utdvrprO-vI-00280-00062800-00063015 days and the monday of regation week the
+utdvrprO-vI-00281-00063016-00063263 others were called minor of the major
+utdvrprO-vI-00282-00063264-00063463 ferias ash wednesday and the days of
+utdvrprO-vI-00283-00063464-00063663 holy week were privileged so that their
+utdvrprO-vI-00284-00063664-00063854 office must be taken no matter what
+utdvrprO-vI-00285-00063855-00064054 feast might occur ember days are four
+utdvrprO-vI-00286-00064055-00064247 separate sets of three days within the
+utdvrprO-vI-00287-00064248-00064511 same week specifically the wednesday
+utdvrprO-vI-00288-00064512-00064799 friday and saturday roughly equidistant
+utdvrprO-vI-00289-00064800-00064942 in the circuit of the year that were
+utdvrprO-vI-00290-00064944-00065126 formerly set aside for fasting and
+utdvrprO-vI-00291-00065127-00065238 prayer
+utdvrprO-vI-00292-00065239-00065438 these days set apart for special prayer
+utdvrprO-vI-00293-00065439-00065638 and fasting were considered especially
+utdvrprO-vI-00294-00065639-00065903 suitable for the ordination of clergy
+utdvrprO-vI-00295-00065904-00066079 the ember days are known in latin as
+utdvrprO-vI-00296-00066080-00066399 quattwar tempora the four seasons are
+utdvrprO-vI-00297-00066400-00066655 jejunia quattwar temperam fasts of the
+utdvrprO-vI-00298-00066656-00066831 four seasons
+utdvrprO-vI-00299-00066832-00066982 they occur in the weeks between the
+utdvrprO-vI-00300-00066983-00067175 third and fourth sundays of advent
+utdvrprO-vI-00301-00067176-00067367 between the first and second sundays of
+utdvrprO-vI-00302-00067368-00067567 lent between pentecost and trinity
+utdvrprO-vI-00303-00067568-00067775 sunday and beginning the first wednesday
+utdvrprO-vI-00304-00067776-00068006 after the exaltation of the holy cross
+utdvrprO-vI-00305-00068007-00068206 september 14 which is between the
+utdvrprO-vI-00306-00068207-00068406 liturgical third and fourth sundays of
+utdvrprO-vI-00307-00068407-00068615 september regation days are in the
+utdvrprO-vI-00308-00068616-00068823 calendar of the western church four days
+utdvrprO-vI-00309-00068824-00068999 traditionally set apart for solemn
+utdvrprO-vI-00310-00069000-00069255 processions to invoke god's mercy
+utdvrprO-vI-00311-00069256-00069526 they are april 25 the major regation or
+utdvrprO-vI-00312-00069527-00069735 greater litanies coinciding with saint
+utdvrprO-vI-00313-00069736-00069894 mark's day but transferred to the
+utdvrprO-vI-00314-00069895-00070103 following tuesday if they fell on easter
+utdvrprO-vI-00315-00070104-00070294 and the three days preceding ascension
+utdvrprO-vI-00316-00070295-00070519 thursday the minor regations or lesser
+utdvrprO-vI-00317-00070520-00070638 litanies
+utdvrprO-vI-00318-00070639-00070815 these are indicated below in the main
+utdvrprO-vI-00319-00070816-00070999 body of the calendar and in the moveable
+utdvrprO-vI-00320-00071000-00071503 feast section
+utdvrprO-vI-00321-00071504-00071935 vigils
+utdvrprO-vI-00322-00071936-00072079 topic
+utdvrprO-vI-00323-00072080-00072311 in early times every feast had a vigil
+utdvrprO-vI-00324-00072312-00072494 but the increase in the number of feasts
+utdvrprO-vI-00325-00072495-00072671 and abuses connected with the evening
+utdvrprO-vI-00326-00072672-00072838 and night service of which the vigils
+utdvrprO-vI-00327-00072839-00073006 originally consisted led to their
+utdvrprO-vI-00328-00073007-00073135 diminishment
+utdvrprO-vI-00329-00073136-00073350 nevertheless the roman rite kept many
+utdvrprO-vI-00330-00073351-00073567 more vigils than other latin liturgical
+utdvrprO-vI-00331-00073568-00073759 rites such as the ambrosian rite and the
+utdvrprO-vI-00332-00073760-00073943 mozarebic rite and if they fell on a
+utdvrprO-vI-00333-00073944-00074135 sunday transferred them to the previous
+utdvrprO-vI-00334-00074136-00074326 saturday in the tridentine calendar
+utdvrprO-vI-00335-00074327-00074575 there were initially 17 vigils excluding
+utdvrprO-vI-00336-00074576-00074775 the vigil of easter on holy saturday
+utdvrprO-vI-00337-00074776-00075079 morning divided into major vigils
+utdvrprO-vI-00338-00075080-00075238 and minor
+utdvrprO-vI-00339-00075239-00075487 or common vigils
+utdvrprO-vI-00340-00075488-00075703 christmas the epiphany in pentecost
+utdvrprO-vI-00341-00075704-00075943 comprised the major vigils the common
+utdvrprO-vI-00342-00075944-00076135 vigils included the ascension of our
+utdvrprO-vI-00343-00076136-00076326 lord saint john the baptist the
+utdvrprO-vI-00344-00076327-00076511 assumption of the blessed virgin mary
+utdvrprO-vI-00345-00076512-00076662 and all saints
+utdvrprO-vI-00346-00076663-00076879 most feasts of the apostles also had
+utdvrprO-vI-00347-00076880-00077191 vigils namely saints andrew thomas james
+utdvrprO-vI-00348-00077192-00077350 simon and jude
+utdvrprO-vI-00349-00077351-00077519 whilst the vigils of the immaculate
+utdvrprO-vI-00350-00077520-00077759 conception saints peter and paul saint
+utdvrprO-vI-00351-00077760-00077967 lawrence saint bartholomew and saint
+utdvrprO-vI-00352-00077968-00078150 matthew remained they soon came to be
+utdvrprO-vI-00353-00078151-00078350 impeded by higher ranking feasts added
+utdvrprO-vI-00354-00078351-00078503 to the calendar and they were instead
+utdvrprO-vI-00355-00078504-00078703 commemorated as part of other masses
+utdvrprO-vI-00356-00078704-00078926 rather than observed in their own right
+utdvrprO-vI-00357-00078927-00079150 the vigil of saint matthias was unique
+utdvrprO-vI-00358-00079151-00079326 in that it was normally commemorated on
+utdvrprO-vI-00359-00079327-00079567 the 23rd of february the feast of saint
+utdvrprO-vI-00360-00079568-00079775 peter damien but in leap years was kept
+utdvrprO-vI-00361-00079776-00080006 on the 24th of february the leap day of
+utdvrprO-vI-00362-00080007-00080206 the roman calendar
+utdvrprO-vI-00363-00080207-00080479 pope pius xii divided vigils into only
+utdvrprO-vI-00364-00080480-00080767 two classes privileged vigils
+utdvrprO-vI-00365-00080768-00081006 christmas and pentecost and common
+utdvrprO-vI-00366-00081007-00081119 vigils
+utdvrprO-vI-00367-00081120-00081326 ascension of our lord assumption of the
+utdvrprO-vI-00368-00081327-00081535 blessed virgin mary saint john the
+utdvrprO-vI-00369-00081536-00081750 baptist saints peter and paul saint
+utdvrprO-vI-00370-00081751-00081871 lawrence
+utdvrprO-vI-00371-00081872-00082087 all other vigils even those in local
+utdvrprO-vI-00372-00082088-00082287 calendars were suppressed
+utdvrprO-vI-00373-00082288-00082487 the vigils of saints peter and paul and
+utdvrprO-vI-00374-00082488-00082687 saint lawrence however continue to be
+utdvrprO-vI-00375-00082688-00082975 impeded by higher ranking feasts
+utdvrprO-vI-00376-00082976-00083326 in pope john xxiii 1960 code of rubrics
+utdvrprO-vI-00377-00083327-00083606 vigils were divided into three classes
+utdvrprO-vI-00378-00083607-00083775 the easter vigil was left out of the
+utdvrprO-vI-00379-00083776-00083982 calculations being celebrated in a
+utdvrprO-vI-00380-00083983-00084231 different way from that of other vigils
+utdvrprO-vI-00381-00084232-00084438 the vigils of christmas and pentecost
+utdvrprO-vI-00382-00084439-00084591 were of the eye class and took
+utdvrprO-vI-00383-00084592-00084799 precedence over any feast
+utdvrprO-vI-00384-00084800-00084991 the two class vigils were those of the
+utdvrprO-vI-00385-00084992-00085182 ascension of our lord the assumption of
+utdvrprO-vI-00386-00085183-00085399 the blessed virgin mary saint john the
+utdvrprO-vI-00387-00085400-00085623 baptist and saints peter and paul they
+utdvrprO-vI-00388-00085624-00085831 took precedence over liturgical days of
+utdvrprO-vI-00389-00085832-00086023 three or iv class
+utdvrprO-vI-00390-00086024-00086223 there was only one three-class vigil
+utdvrprO-vI-00391-00086224-00086382 that of saint lawrence which had
+utdvrprO-vI-00392-00086383-00086631 precedence only over iv class liturgical
+utdvrprO-vI-00393-00086632-00087103 days
+utdvrprO-vI-00394-00087104-00087662 octaves
+utdvrprO-vI-00395-00087663-00087894 the tridentine calendar had many octaves
+utdvrprO-vI-00396-00087895-00088087 without any indication in the calendar
+utdvrprO-vI-00397-00088088-00088262 itself of distinction of rank between
+utdvrprO-vI-00398-00088263-00088455 them apart from the fact that the octave
+utdvrprO-vI-00399-00088456-00088631 day the final day of the octave was
+utdvrprO-vI-00400-00088632-00088791 ranked higher than the days within the
+utdvrprO-vI-00401-00088792-00088903 octave
+utdvrprO-vI-00402-00088904-00089111 several octaves overlapped so that for
+utdvrprO-vI-00403-00089112-00089326 instance on the 29th of december the
+utdvrprO-vI-00404-00089327-00089494 prayer of the saint of the day saint
+utdvrprO-vI-00405-00089495-00089662 thomas beckett was followed by the
+utdvrprO-vI-00406-00089663-00089847 prayers of christmas day of saint
+utdvrprO-vI-00407-00089848-00090062 stephen of saint john the evangelist and
+utdvrprO-vI-00408-00090063-00090231 of the holy innocents
+utdvrprO-vI-00409-00090232-00090431 the situation remains such until the
+utdvrprO-vI-00410-00090432-00090671 reform of pope pius xi to cut down on
+utdvrprO-vI-00411-00090672-00090838 the monotony of repeating the same
+utdvrprO-vI-00412-00090839-00091047 prayers in mass and office every day for
+utdvrprO-vI-00413-00091048-00091294 eight pope pius xi classified the
+utdvrprO-vI-00414-00091295-00091543 octaves as privileged
+utdvrprO-vI-00415-00091544-00091871 common or simple
+utdvrprO-vI-00416-00091872-00092094 the privileged octaves were of three
+utdvrprO-vI-00417-00092095-00092231 ranks
+utdvrprO-vI-00418-00092232-00092423 the first rank belonged to easter and
+utdvrprO-vI-00419-00092424-00092615 pentecost permitting no feast to be
+utdvrprO-vI-00420-00092616-00092791 celebrated during them or even to be
+utdvrprO-vI-00421-00092792-00093015 commemorated until tuesday vespers the
+utdvrprO-vI-00422-00093016-00093223 second to epiphany and corpus christi
+utdvrprO-vI-00423-00093224-00093391 the octave day ranked as a greater
+utdvrprO-vI-00424-00093392-00093574 double the days within the octave as
+utdvrprO-vI-00425-00093575-00093782 semi-doubles giving way only to doubles
+utdvrprO-vI-00426-00093783-00093974 of the i class and on the octave day
+utdvrprO-vI-00427-00093975-00094191 itself only to a double of the i class
+utdvrprO-vI-00428-00094192-00094367 which was celebrated in the entire
+utdvrprO-vI-00429-00094368-00094559 church the third ranked a christmas the
+utdvrprO-vI-00430-00094560-00094735 ascension and the sacred heart these
+utdvrprO-vI-00431-00094736-00094935 gave way to any feast above the level of
+utdvrprO-vI-00432-00094936-00095079 simple
+utdvrprO-vI-00433-00095080-00095238 the common octaves were those of the
+utdvrprO-vI-00434-00095239-00095462 immaculate conception the assumption the
+utdvrprO-vI-00435-00095463-00095671 nativity of saint john the baptist the
+utdvrprO-vI-00436-00095672-00095903 solemnity of saint joseph saints peter
+utdvrprO-vI-00437-00095904-00096103 and paul and all saints as well as
+utdvrprO-vI-00438-00096104-00096318 locally the principal patron saint of a
+utdvrprO-vI-00439-00096319-00096615 church cathedral order town diocese
+utdvrprO-vI-00440-00096616-00096911 province or nation these two gave way to
+utdvrprO-vI-00441-00096912-00097159 any feast above the level of simple
+utdvrprO-vI-00442-00097160-00097294 the difference between them and
+utdvrprO-vI-00443-00097295-00097462 privileged octaves of third rank
+utdvrprO-vI-00444-00097463-00097623 concerned which psalms were said in the
+utdvrprO-vI-00445-00097624-00097806 divine office
+utdvrprO-vI-00446-00097807-00097999 the simple octaves were those of saint
+utdvrprO-vI-00447-00098000-00098206 stephen saint john the evangelist the
+utdvrprO-vI-00448-00098207-00098399 holy innocents saint lawrence the
+utdvrprO-vI-00449-00098400-00098638 nativity of mary and locally secondary
+utdvrprO-vI-00450-00098639-00098759 patrons
+utdvrprO-vI-00451-00098760-00098959 these were all doubles of the two class
+utdvrprO-vI-00452-00098960-00099150 their octave day was a simple and in
+utdvrprO-vI-00453-00099151-00099359 contrast to the situation before pope
+utdvrprO-vI-00454-00099360-00099591 pius xi their mass was not repeated on
+utdvrprO-vI-00455-00099592-00099815 the days within the octave
+utdvrprO-vI-00456-00099816-00100103 in pope pius x a reform only the octaves
+utdvrprO-vI-00457-00100104-00100311 of christmas easter and pentecost were
+utdvrprO-vI-00458-00100312-00100415 kept
+utdvrprO-vI-00459-00100416-00100623 the days within the easter and pentecost
+utdvrprO-vI-00460-00100624-00100823 octaves were raised to double right had
+utdvrprO-vI-00461-00100824-00101031 precedence over all feasts and did not
+utdvrprO-vI-00462-00101032-00101574 admit commemorations
+utdvrprO-vI-00463-00101575-00102135 topic table of precedence
+utdvrprO-vI-00464-00102136-00102279 topic
+utdvrprO-vI-00465-00102280-00102439 solemnities
+utdvrprO-vI-00466-00102440-00102639 paschal triduum
+utdvrprO-vI-00467-00102640-00102782 christmas
+utdvrprO-vI-00468-00102783-00102951 pentecost
+utdvrprO-vI-00469-00102952-00103102 epiphany
+utdvrprO-vI-00470-00103103-00103271 ascension
+utdvrprO-vI-00471-00103272-00103518 sundays of advent and lent
+utdvrprO-vI-00472-00103519-00103766 sundays in the easter season
+utdvrprO-vI-00473-00103767-00103942 ash wednesday
+utdvrprO-vI-00474-00103943-00104166 weekdays of holy week
+utdvrprO-vI-00475-00104167-00104415 weekdays in the easter octave
+utdvrprO-vI-00476-00104416-00104599 solemnities of the lord in the general
+utdvrprO-vI-00477-00104600-00104742 calendar
+utdvrprO-vI-00478-00104743-00104927 all souls day
+utdvrprO-vI-00479-00104928-00105127 proper solemnities
+utdvrprO-vI-00480-00105128-00105263 feasts
+utdvrprO-vI-00481-00105264-00105415 feasts of the lord in the general
+utdvrprO-vI-00482-00105416-00105575 calendar
+utdvrprO-vI-00483-00105576-00105743 sundays of the christmas season and
+utdvrprO-vI-00484-00105744-00105990 sundays in ordinary time
+utdvrprO-vI-00485-00105991-00106190 feasts of the blessed virgin mary and of
+utdvrprO-vI-00486-00106191-00106447 the saints in the general calendar
+utdvrprO-vI-00487-00106448-00106751 proper feasts weekdays of advent from
+utdvrprO-vI-00488-00106752-00107151 december 17 to december 24 inclusive
+utdvrprO-vI-00489-00107152-00107415 days within the octave of christmas
+utdvrprO-vI-00490-00107416-00107599 weekdays of lent
+utdvrprO-vI-00491-00107600-00107758 memorials
+utdvrprO-vI-00492-00107759-00107983 obligatory
+utdvrprO-vI-00493-00107983-00108134 general
+utdvrprO-vI-00494-00108135-00108286 proper
+utdvrprO-vI-00495-00108288-00108486 optional memorials
+utdvrprO-vI-00496-00108488-00108743 weekdays of advent up to december 16
+utdvrprO-vI-00497-00108744-00108895 inclusive
+utdvrprO-vI-00498-00108896-00109071 weekdays of christmas season from
+utdvrprO-vI-00499-00109072-00109286 january 2nd until saturday after
+utdvrprO-vI-00500-00109288-00109439 epiphany
+utdvrprO-vI-00501-00109440-00109639 weekdays of easter season from monday
+utdvrprO-vI-00502-00109640-00109831 after the octave until saturday before
+utdvrprO-vI-00503-00109832-00109983 pentecost
+utdvrprO-vI-00504-00109983-00110478 weekdays in ordinary time
+utdvrprO-vI-00505-00110479-00110607 topic
+utdvrprO-vI-00506-00110608-00111199 see also
+utdvrprO-vI-00507-00111200-00111327 octave
+utdvrprO-vI-00508-00111328-00111534 tridentine calendar
+utdvrprO-vI-00509-00111535-00111902 general roman calendar of 1954
+utdvrprO-vI-00510-00111903-00112263 general roman calendar of pope pius xii
+utdvrprO-vI-00511-00112264-00112623 general roman calendar of 1960
+utdvrprO-vI-00512-00112624-00113215 general roman calendar
+utdvrprO-vI-00513-00113216-00113654 references
+utdvrprO-vI-00514-00113655-00113955 topic
+utporNshkjo-00000-00001255-00001415 have you heard the joke about the little
+utporNshkjo-00001-00001416-00001630 scottish boy who refuses to eat two
+utporNshkjo-00002-00001632-00001902 nasty shriveled prunes on his plate his
+utporNshkjo-00003-00001903-00002118 mother cajoles and pleads
+utporNshkjo-00004-00002119-00002375 finally she tells him as she has many
+utporNshkjo-00005-00002376-00002655 times before that if he doesn't obey her
+utporNshkjo-00006-00002656-00002863 god will be angry
+utporNshkjo-00007-00002864-00003118 usually it works but this time the
+utporNshkjo-00008-00003119-00003422 stubborn child holds out and the mother
+utporNshkjo-00009-00003423-00003790 herself angry sends him straight to bed
+utporNshkjo-00010-00003792-00004038 no sooner does he get there than a storm
+utporNshkjo-00011-00004039-00004247 sets in with lightning and thunder
+utporNshkjo-00012-00004248-00004438 crashing around them
+utporNshkjo-00013-00004439-00004606 feeling contrite and thinking that her
+utporNshkjo-00014-00004607-00004854 child must be terrified the mother
+utporNshkjo-00015-00004855-00005135 sneaks to her son's room to reassure him
+utporNshkjo-00016-00005136-00005383 she opens the door quietly expecting to
+utporNshkjo-00017-00005384-00005631 find him burrowed under the covers
+utporNshkjo-00018-00005632-00005902 but no he is at the window peering out
+utporNshkjo-00019-00005903-00006047 into the night
+utporNshkjo-00020-00006048-00006302 as she watches he shakes his head and
+utporNshkjo-00021-00006303-00006631 says in an incredulous reproving voice
+utporNshkjo-00022-00006631-00007127 such a fuss to make over two prunes
+utporNshkjo-00023-00007128-00007295 in the hebrew bible
+utporNshkjo-00024-00007295-00007519 in the book of first samuel the
+utporNshkjo-00025-00007520-00007703 philistines are battling with god's
+utporNshkjo-00026-00007704-00007959 chosen people the israelites
+utporNshkjo-00027-00007959-00008159 the israelites have a very special
+utporNshkjo-00028-00008159-00008367 object which you might recognize from
+utporNshkjo-00029-00008368-00008639 the movie raiders of the lost ark
+utporNshkjo-00030-00008640-00008878 it is the ark of the covenant a box made
+utporNshkjo-00031-00008879-00009110 of wood covered in gold with sculptured
+utporNshkjo-00032-00009111-00009310 angels on the top and a golden jar
+utporNshkjo-00033-00009311-00009455 inside
+utporNshkjo-00034-00009456-00009663 maybe it contains manna food that
+utporNshkjo-00035-00009664-00009895 dropped from heaven or maybe it contains
+utporNshkjo-00036-00009896-00010127 fragments of stone tablets
+utporNshkjo-00037-00010128-00010374 at any rate the philistines capture it
+utporNshkjo-00038-00010375-00010655 in battle the israelites are angry and
+utporNshkjo-00039-00010656-00010846 god gets angry too
+utporNshkjo-00040-00010847-00011055 no sooner do those philistines cart off
+utporNshkjo-00041-00011056-00011295 the box than plagues befall them a
+utporNshkjo-00042-00011296-00011527 plague of mice for example
+utporNshkjo-00043-00011528-00011823 then the ark is taken from town to town
+utporNshkjo-00044-00011824-00012119 but the men in each town get hemorrhoids
+utporNshkjo-00045-00012120-00012270 which must have been particularly
+utporNshkjo-00046-00012271-00012455 wretched in the days before toilet paper
+utporNshkjo-00047-00012456-00012663 and preparation h
+utporNshkjo-00048-00012664-00012886 you can read the whole story in first
+utporNshkjo-00049-00012887-00013030 samuel 6
+utporNshkjo-00050-00013031-00013255 1-15
+utporNshkjo-00051-00013256-00013591 mice and hemorrhoids such a fuss over a
+utporNshkjo-00052-00013591-00013894 golden box
+utporNshkjo-00053-00013895-00014119 in other stories from the bible both old
+utporNshkjo-00054-00014119-00014271 testament and new
+utporNshkjo-00055-00014272-00014455 god gets angry and does things that
+utporNshkjo-00056-00014456-00014775 strike us as a rather big fuss
+utporNshkjo-00057-00014776-00015030 in second kings for example the prophet
+utporNshkjo-00058-00015031-00015350 elijah gets mad because some kids boys
+utporNshkjo-00059-00015351-00015607 of course are making fun of him and
+utporNshkjo-00060-00015608-00015799 calling him bald head
+utporNshkjo-00061-00015800-00016086 elisha curses them and apparently god is
+utporNshkjo-00062-00016087-00016319 mad too because he sends two female
+utporNshkjo-00063-00016319-00016567 bears out of the woods and they maul and
+utporNshkjo-00064-00016568-00016871 kill 42 of those boys
+utporNshkjo-00065-00016872-00017079 in the book of matthew jesus is
+utporNshkjo-00066-00017080-00017343 traveling along and he sees a fig tree
+utporNshkjo-00067-00017344-00017663 he's hungry so he goes over to it but it
+utporNshkjo-00068-00017664-00017775 is bare
+utporNshkjo-00069-00017776-00017879 because
+utporNshkjo-00070-00017880-00018071 as the writer tells us
+utporNshkjo-00071-00018072-00018255 figs aren't in season
+utporNshkjo-00072-00018256-00018575 so jesus gets angry and curses the tree
+utporNshkjo-00073-00018576-00018950 and it withers and dies on the spot
+utporNshkjo-00074-00018951-00019199 in all of these stories what jumps out
+utporNshkjo-00075-00019200-00019411 at us most is a sense of
+utporNshkjo-00076-00019412-00019583 disproportionality
+utporNshkjo-00077-00019584-00019847 god's reaction seems so out of scale
+utporNshkjo-00078-00019848-00020055 with the transgression
+utporNshkjo-00079-00020056-00020286 that is what makes us laugh at the joke
+utporNshkjo-00080-00020287-00020486 because the little boy notices it when
+utporNshkjo-00081-00020487-00020727 his mom doesn't expect him to
+utporNshkjo-00082-00020728-00020886 and it is what makes biblical
+utporNshkjo-00083-00020887-00021103 literalists squirm about the other
+utporNshkjo-00084-00021104-00021247 stories
+utporNshkjo-00085-00021248-00021486 we expect god not to be the kind of guy
+utporNshkjo-00086-00021487-00021743 who needs anger management classes
+utporNshkjo-00087-00021744-00021950 he shouldn't need to breathe deep and
+utporNshkjo-00088-00021951-00022263 leave the room lest he god forbid do
+utporNshkjo-00089-00022264-00022535 something he will regret
+utporNshkjo-00090-00022536-00022807 mind you if you research these stories
+utporNshkjo-00091-00022808-00023071 you will find all manner of convoluted
+utporNshkjo-00092-00023072-00023367 apologetics arguing that god's reactions
+utporNshkjo-00093-00023368-00023694 were in fact proportionate those 42 lads
+utporNshkjo-00094-00023695-00023878 were crips and bloods carrying
+utporNshkjo-00095-00023879-00024191 switchblades
+utporNshkjo-00096-00024192-00024478 adolescent psychologist laura kastner
+utporNshkjo-00097-00024479-00024663 recently wrote an acclaimed book about
+utporNshkjo-00098-00024664-00024863 parenting during the teen years
+utporNshkjo-00099-00024864-00025127 the book getting to calm is about
+utporNshkjo-00100-00025128-00025335 emotional regulation
+utporNshkjo-00101-00025336-00025542 getting yourself into a modulated
+utporNshkjo-00102-00025543-00025806 sensible mental space so that you can
+utporNshkjo-00103-00025807-00026102 teach self-regulation to your kid whose
+utporNshkjo-00104-00026104-00026439 frontal lobe isn't quite all there yet
+utporNshkjo-00105-00026439-00026614 according to castner
+utporNshkjo-00106-00026616-00026855 calling in the she-bears means that we
+utporNshkjo-00107-00026856-00027079 as parents have failed at our own
+utporNshkjo-00108-00027080-00027262 mission
+utporNshkjo-00109-00027263-00027495 we expect god to be good at emotional
+utporNshkjo-00110-00027495-00027646 regulation
+utporNshkjo-00111-00027647-00027967 even better at it than dr kastner asks
+utporNshkjo-00112-00027968-00028167 parents to be when faced with teens gone
+utporNshkjo-00113-00028168-00028335 haywire
+utporNshkjo-00114-00028336-00028551 if i have to be the adult in the room
+utporNshkjo-00115-00028552-00028823 then god does too after all he should
+utporNshkjo-00116-00028824-00029046 have this stuff mastered
+utporNshkjo-00117-00029047-00029223 another way of saying this is that we
+utporNshkjo-00118-00029224-00029574 expect god to have a very high eq or
+utporNshkjo-00119-00029575-00029774 emotional quotient
+utporNshkjo-00120-00029775-00029999 when this seems to be violated we
+utporNshkjo-00121-00030000-00030287 experience dissonance and we may laugh
+utporNshkjo-00122-00030288-00030446 question our beliefs
+utporNshkjo-00123-00030447-00030718 or make intellectual moves to restore a
+utporNshkjo-00124-00030719-00030999 sense of consistency
+utporNshkjo-00125-00031000-00031214 what doesn't strike us as bizarre in
+utporNshkjo-00126-00031216-00031414 fact what we tend to accept without
+utporNshkjo-00127-00031416-00031646 thought is the storyteller's assumption
+utporNshkjo-00128-00031647-00031870 that god has emotions
+utporNshkjo-00129-00031872-00032127 we don't expect him not to have emotions
+utporNshkjo-00130-00032127-00032351 or that would be the crux of the joke
+utporNshkjo-00131-00032352-00032567 isn't it funny the kid and his mom think
+utporNshkjo-00132-00032568-00032758 that god gets angry
+utporNshkjo-00133-00032760-00032990 no we simply expect him to have a sense
+utporNshkjo-00134-00032991-00033135 of proportion
+utporNshkjo-00135-00033136-00033383 the idea that god has emotion seems so
+utporNshkjo-00136-00033384-00033574 natural that most people who believe in
+utporNshkjo-00137-00033575-00033855 gods never question it the god of the
+utporNshkjo-00138-00033856-00034143 bible gets angry has regrets
+utporNshkjo-00139-00034144-00034279 gets lonely
+utporNshkjo-00140-00034280-00034646 loves has loyalties is jealous
+utporNshkjo-00141-00034647-00034990 feels compassion and is vindictive
+utporNshkjo-00142-00034991-00035255 in the incarnation of jesus he also is
+utporNshkjo-00143-00035256-00035687 afraid and weeps
+utporNshkjo-00144-00035688-00035911 for a psychology nerd like me that is
+utporNshkjo-00145-00035912-00036151 fascinating
+utporNshkjo-00146-00036152-00036335 starting just from abstractions or the
+utporNshkjo-00147-00036336-00036559 evidence of the natural world it isn't a
+utporNshkjo-00148-00036560-00036743 given that whatever force designed the
+utporNshkjo-00149-00036744-00037102 dna code would get mad or sad or jealous
+utporNshkjo-00150-00037103-00037367 or rather i should say it isn't a given
+utporNshkjo-00151-00037368-00037583 in the abstract
+utporNshkjo-00152-00037584-00037767 we will see that once we add a human
+utporNshkjo-00153-00037768-00038015 interpreter the idea that god is loving
+utporNshkjo-00154-00038016-00038343 or angry or lonely becomes as natural as
+utporNshkjo-00155-00038344-00038718 the odd idea that angels have two legs
+utporNshkjo-00156-00038719-00038911 in religion people make guesses about
+utporNshkjo-00157-00038912-00039127 what is real based on highly ambiguous
+utporNshkjo-00158-00039128-00039239 evidence
+utporNshkjo-00159-00039240-00039415 if the evidence weren't ambiguous there
+utporNshkjo-00160-00039416-00039646 wouldn't be so many disagreements there
+utporNshkjo-00161-00039647-00039830 are literally thousands of branches in
+utporNshkjo-00162-00039831-00040007 christianity alone
+utporNshkjo-00163-00040008-00040199 but those same ambiguities that make it
+utporNshkjo-00164-00040200-00040495 so hard to come to agreement about god
+utporNshkjo-00165-00040496-00040751 make religion very interesting from the
+utporNshkjo-00166-00040752-00040967 standpoint of understanding our own
+utporNshkjo-00167-00040968-00041095 psychology
+utporNshkjo-00168-00041096-00041343 in some ways the concept of god is like
+utporNshkjo-00169-00041344-00041502 an ink blot test
+utporNshkjo-00170-00041503-00041662 the blot is there
+utporNshkjo-00171-00041663-00041862 but what you see in it depends on who
+utporNshkjo-00172-00041863-00042007 you are
+utporNshkjo-00173-00042008-00042190 all of us engage in a process that
+utporNshkjo-00174-00042191-00042471 sigmund freud called projection and in
+utporNshkjo-00175-00042472-00042702 fact those inkblot tests are known in
+utporNshkjo-00176-00042703-00042935 the trade as projective tests
+utporNshkjo-00177-00042936-00043199 projection by definition is a matter of
+utporNshkjo-00178-00043200-00043423 mistaking internal realities for
+utporNshkjo-00179-00043424-00043711 external realities if i look at a random
+utporNshkjo-00180-00043712-00044039 ink blot and i see exploding bombs a
+utporNshkjo-00181-00044040-00044295 therapist might wonder if i am angry or
+utporNshkjo-00182-00044296-00044630 worried or living in a war zone
+utporNshkjo-00183-00044631-00044815 projection happens particularly in
+utporNshkjo-00184-00044816-00044990 social situations and when we are faced
+utporNshkjo-00185-00044991-00045151 with ambiguities
+utporNshkjo-00186-00045152-00045415 we are angry so we assume family members
+utporNshkjo-00187-00045416-00045583 are angry at us
+utporNshkjo-00188-00045584-00045815 we feel rejected so we assume our
+utporNshkjo-00189-00045816-00046046 colleagues feel rejecting we are
+utporNshkjo-00190-00046047-00046287 dishonest and so we mistrust the people
+utporNshkjo-00191-00046288-00046479 we deceive
+utporNshkjo-00192-00046480-00046687 how about our images of god
+utporNshkjo-00193-00046688-00046871 which ones come from something outside
+utporNshkjo-00194-00046872-00047046 ourselves and which ones are projections
+utporNshkjo-00195-00047047-00047230 of our own psyches
+utporNshkjo-00196-00047231-00047430 answering this question is a process of
+utporNshkjo-00197-00047431-00047558 elimination
+utporNshkjo-00198-00047559-00047743 to come any closer to knowing what is
+utporNshkjo-00199-00047744-00047983 out there we need to start by scrubbing
+utporNshkjo-00200-00047984-00048311 our god concepts of anthropomorphism of
+utporNshkjo-00201-00048312-00048455 projection
+utporNshkjo-00202-00048456-00048655 we now know quite a bit about the human
+utporNshkjo-00203-00048656-00048935 mind how it constrains our imaginations
+utporNshkjo-00204-00048936-00049190 by forcing information into boxes called
+utporNshkjo-00205-00049191-00049495 ontological categories and what kinds of
+utporNshkjo-00206-00049496-00049767 cognitive errors including projection it
+utporNshkjo-00207-00049768-00049958 is prone to
+utporNshkjo-00208-00049959-00050199 you have probably heard the saying in
+utporNshkjo-00209-00050200-00050462 some ways i am like no other person in
+utporNshkjo-00210-00050463-00050695 some ways i am like some other people
+utporNshkjo-00211-00050696-00050911 and in some ways i am like every other
+utporNshkjo-00212-00050912-00051071 person
+utporNshkjo-00213-00051072-00051342 for anyone who has a god concept all
+utporNshkjo-00214-00051344-00051607 three of these dimensions shape it
+utporNshkjo-00215-00051608-00051807 your image of god is shaped by your
+utporNshkjo-00216-00051808-00052014 personal upbringing and present state of
+utporNshkjo-00217-00052015-00052111 mind
+utporNshkjo-00218-00052112-00052342 if you have more authoritarian parents
+utporNshkjo-00219-00052344-00052519 you are more likely to see god as a
+utporNshkjo-00220-00052520-00052815 strict father if you are lonely you are
+utporNshkjo-00221-00052816-00053094 more likely to see god as wrathful
+utporNshkjo-00222-00053095-00053335 if you feel good about yourself you are
+utporNshkjo-00223-00053336-00053623 more likely to see god as loving
+utporNshkjo-00224-00053624-00053799 research actually demonstrates these
+utporNshkjo-00225-00053800-00053966 things
+utporNshkjo-00226-00053967-00054199 it is also shaped by your culture if
+utporNshkjo-00227-00054200-00054375 your culture is bellicose your god
+utporNshkjo-00228-00054376-00054566 likely approves of war
+utporNshkjo-00229-00054567-00054871 if it accepts homosexuality as a part of
+utporNshkjo-00230-00054872-00055135 a natural spectrum your god is likely to
+utporNshkjo-00231-00055136-00055399 become less disapproving of it
+utporNshkjo-00232-00055400-00055607 conversely if your culture condemns
+utporNshkjo-00233-00055608-00055854 homosexuality that is how your god will
+utporNshkjo-00234-00055855-00056030 think too
+utporNshkjo-00235-00056032-00056254 lastly your god concept is shaped by
+utporNshkjo-00236-00056255-00056415 your species
+utporNshkjo-00237-00056416-00056687 if your species has a mammalian primate
+utporNshkjo-00238-00056688-00056935 homo sapien sapiens mind
+utporNshkjo-00239-00056936-00057223 your god probably does too
+utporNshkjo-00240-00057224-00057382 not that we have a great sample to
+utporNshkjo-00241-00057383-00057542 consider
+utporNshkjo-00242-00057544-00057759 we have in fact one species with god
+utporNshkjo-00243-00057760-00057942 concepts on this planet
+utporNshkjo-00244-00057944-00058150 but what we can say is that across
+utporNshkjo-00245-00058151-00058335 cultures regardless of what physical
+utporNshkjo-00246-00058336-00058519 forms gods may take
+utporNshkjo-00247-00058520-00058838 male or female animal tree
+utporNshkjo-00248-00058839-00058942 spirit
+utporNshkjo-00249-00058944-00059150 these deities have strikingly human
+utporNshkjo-00250-00059151-00059359 psyches
+utporNshkjo-00251-00059360-00059526 this third dimension
+utporNshkjo-00252-00059527-00059679 will be the focus
+utporNshkjo-00253-00059679-00059935 of this series about god's emotions
+utporNshkjo-00254-00059936-00060166 specifically we will be looking at how
+utporNshkjo-00255-00060167-00060423 god's emotions are depicted in the bible
+utporNshkjo-00256-00060424-00060607 what is now known about emotions as
+utporNshkjo-00257-00060608-00060863 physical and social phenomena and how
+utporNshkjo-00258-00060864-00061111 these two interact
+utporNshkjo-00259-00061112-00061366 in the process we may learn something
+utporNshkjo-00260-00061367-00063615 about ourselves
+utporNshkjo-00261-00063616-00063824 you
+utttA0Dps9u-00000-00000006-00000202 pressure is growing on Supreme Court
+utttA0Dps9u-00001-00000204-00000430 Justice Clarence Thomas over a new
+utttA0Dps9u-00002-00000431-00000719 report in propublica it reveals the same
+utttA0Dps9u-00003-00000720-00000935 conservative activists who paid for
+utttA0Dps9u-00004-00000936-00001103 Thomas's vacations and bought his
+utttA0Dps9u-00005-00001104-00001331 mother's home also paid for his Grand
+utttA0Dps9u-00006-00001332-00001589 nephew's private school tuition Jan
+utttA0Dps9u-00007-00001590-00001726 Crawford is at the Supreme Court with
+utttA0Dps9u-00008-00001727-00001943 more on this part of the story Jan good
+utttA0Dps9u-00009-00001944-00002201 morning to you good morning Gail so this
+utttA0Dps9u-00010-00002202-00002447 report alleges that Thomas failed to
+utttA0Dps9u-00011-00002448-00002657 disclose those tuition payments his
+utttA0Dps9u-00012-00002658-00002891 Defenders say the rules don't require it
+utttA0Dps9u-00013-00002892-00003095 but regardless it's yet another example
+utttA0Dps9u-00014-00003096-00003286 of Justice Thomas coming under scrutiny
+utttA0Dps9u-00015-00003288-00003443 for getting help supporting his
+utttA0Dps9u-00016-00003444-00003701 lifestyle and his family
+utttA0Dps9u-00017-00003702-00003929 the report says Harlan Crowe paid
+utttA0Dps9u-00018-00003929-00004090 tuition at boarding schools in Georgia
+utttA0Dps9u-00019-00004092-00004301 and Virginia for the then teenage Grand
+utttA0Dps9u-00020-00004302-00004459 nephew of Justice Clarence Thomas
+utttA0Dps9u-00021-00004460-00004636 Democrats say Thomas should have
+utttA0Dps9u-00022-00004637-00004799 disclosed those payments which went
+utttA0Dps9u-00023-00004800-00004961 directly to the schools and in Georgia
+utttA0Dps9u-00024-00004962-00005152 ran more than six thousand dollars a
+utttA0Dps9u-00025-00005153-00005525 month as a gift any other judge in
+utttA0Dps9u-00026-00005526-00005752 America looking at that set of
+utttA0Dps9u-00027-00005753-00006101 circumstances would realize that that
+utttA0Dps9u-00028-00006102-00006293 Breaks the Rules
+utttA0Dps9u-00029-00006294-00006563 and the court has to address this
+utttA0Dps9u-00030-00006564-00006767 problem Republicans claim is a political
+utttA0Dps9u-00031-00006768-00007025 effort to undermine Thomas this is part
+utttA0Dps9u-00032-00007026-00007355 of a 32-year smear campaign that started
+utttA0Dps9u-00033-00007356-00007577 with his confirmation hearing Thomas's
+utttA0Dps9u-00034-00007578-00007769 Defenders say look at the rules which
+utttA0Dps9u-00035-00007770-00007960 require disclosure of gifts to a son
+utttA0Dps9u-00036-00007961-00008201 daughter stepson or stepdaughter not
+utttA0Dps9u-00037-00008202-00008387 extended family members even though
+utttA0Dps9u-00038-00008388-00008578 Thomas had legal custody of the grand
+utttA0Dps9u-00039-00008579-00008819 nephew in a statement Crow said it's
+utttA0Dps9u-00040-00008820-00009010 disappointing that those with partisan
+utttA0Dps9u-00041-00009011-00009160 political interests would try to turn
+utttA0Dps9u-00042-00009161-00009371 helping at-risk youth with tuition
+utttA0Dps9u-00043-00009372-00009605 assistance into something nefarious or
+utttA0Dps9u-00044-00009606-00009923 political how low can the court go the
+utttA0Dps9u-00045-00009924-00010067 report comes in the wake of a Senate
+utttA0Dps9u-00046-00010068-00010223 Judiciary Committee hearing this week
+utttA0Dps9u-00047-00010224-00010439 that focused in part on earlier reports
+utttA0Dps9u-00048-00010440-00010637 from propublica that Crow paid for
+utttA0Dps9u-00049-00010638-00010835 luxury vacations for the Thomas family
+utttA0Dps9u-00050-00010836-00011009 and brought property from the family
+utttA0Dps9u-00051-00011010-00011221 where Thomas's mother still lives
+utttA0Dps9u-00052-00011222-00011464 Republican senator Lisa murkowski has
+utttA0Dps9u-00053-00011465-00011656 introduced legislation with independent
+utttA0Dps9u-00054-00011657-00011855 Senator Angus King for the court to
+utttA0Dps9u-00055-00011856-00012131 adopt a formal code of conduct you
+utttA0Dps9u-00056-00012132-00012292 create your code of conduct you
+utttA0Dps9u-00057-00012293-00012538 publicize it you share it you post it
+utttA0Dps9u-00058-00012539-00012874 but you create it
+utttA0Dps9u-00059-00012875-00013144 now the court has a more informal code
+utttA0Dps9u-00060-00013145-00013294 of conduct and they say they also follow
+utttA0Dps9u-00061-00013295-00013463 rules that the lower court judges have
+utttA0Dps9u-00062-00013463-00013649 to follow but Senators want something
+utttA0Dps9u-00063-00013650-00013793 with more teeth in it kind of an
+utttA0Dps9u-00064-00013794-00013961 enforcement mechanism where people can
+utttA0Dps9u-00065-00013962-00014129 actually make complaints about the
+utttA0Dps9u-00066-00014130-00014363 justices we have reached out to Justice
+utttA0Dps9u-00067-00014363-00014597 Thomas he had no comment on this
+utttA0Dps9u-00068-00014597-00014855 yeah Jan before you go there's another
+utttA0Dps9u-00069-00014856-00014993 story just this morning in the
+utttA0Dps9u-00070-00014994-00015179 Washington Post it's about his wife
+utttA0Dps9u-00071-00015180-00015371 Jenny that thousands of dollars in
+utttA0Dps9u-00072-00015372-00015605 payments went to her but her name was
+utttA0Dps9u-00073-00015606-00015838 left off the billing records on purpose
+utttA0Dps9u-00074-00015840-00016061 what can you tell us about that well
+utttA0Dps9u-00075-00016062-00016247 Gail I mean this one is different than
+utttA0Dps9u-00076-00016247-00016391 some of the other reports that we've
+utttA0Dps9u-00077-00016392-00016571 seen according to those documents that
+utttA0Dps9u-00078-00016572-00016750 were obtained by The Washington Post in
+utttA0Dps9u-00079-00016751-00017086 2012. Jenny Thomas was paid Consulting
+utttA0Dps9u-00080-00017087-00017344 fees some as high as 80 000 for
+utttA0Dps9u-00081-00017345-00017507 something called by something called the
+utttA0Dps9u-00082-00017508-00017794 judicial education project Now The Man
+utttA0Dps9u-00083-00017795-00017969 Behind the arrangement of all these
+utttA0Dps9u-00084-00017970-00018221 payments was Leonard Leo Leo is one of
+utttA0Dps9u-00085-00018222-00018407 the most influential judicial activists
+utttA0Dps9u-00086-00018408-00018622 in Washington he's been Central to the
+utttA0Dps9u-00087-00018623-00018833 confirmation and campaigning for most of
+utttA0Dps9u-00088-00018834-00019019 the conservative justices currently
+utttA0Dps9u-00089-00019020-00019186 sitting on the court now in those
+utttA0Dps9u-00090-00019187-00019379 documents obtained by the post Leo
+utttA0Dps9u-00091-00019380-00019558 instructed that the paperwork have quote
+utttA0Dps9u-00092-00019559-00019817 no mention of Jenny in a statement to
+utttA0Dps9u-00093-00019818-00020008 the post he defended the Thomases he
+utttA0Dps9u-00094-00020009-00020194 said the reason that her name was left
+utttA0Dps9u-00095-00020195-00020447 off the books was to avoid gossip and to
+utttA0Dps9u-00096-00020448-00020680 protect the privacy of Justice Thomas
+utttA0Dps9u-00097-00020681-00020908 and his wife he also said that Ginny
+utttA0Dps9u-00098-00020909-00021047 Thomas's work didn't involve anything
+utttA0Dps9u-00099-00021048-00021364 with the court or other legal issues the
+utttA0Dps9u-00100-00021365-00021557 Thomas's have not responded to requests
+utttA0Dps9u-00101-00021558-00021821 for comment on that either Gail
+utttA0Dps9u-00102-00021822-00022055 well in an effort to avoid gossip now
+utttA0Dps9u-00103-00022056-00022211 that's all you've got is a whole lot of
+utttA0Dps9u-00104-00022212-00022367 gossip and a whole lot of chatter thank
+utttA0Dps9u-00105-00022368-00022723 you very much Jan thank you
+uwdybrUpRhM-00000-00000050-00000353 budino is a sweet Italian dish usually
+uwdybrUpRhM-00001-00000354-00000524 rich and creamy like a custard or
+uwdybrUpRhM-00002-00000525-00000761 pudding the word originally referred to
+uwdybrUpRhM-00003-00000762-00000994 a type of medieval sausage similar to
+uwdybrUpRhM-00004-00000996-00001283 English pudding budino is the Italian
+uwdybrUpRhM-00005-00001284-00001502 word for custard or pudding it can be
+uwdybrUpRhM-00006-00001503-00001700 thickened with cornstarch or cookies to
+uwdybrUpRhM-00007-00001701-00001895 make it more a souffle or ganache and
+uwdybrUpRhM-00008-00001896-00002039 can be sauced with various flavors
+uwdybrUpRhM-00009-00002039-00002297 including chocolate caramel apple and
+uwdybrUpRhM-00010-00002298-00002560 butterscotch
+uyVGqCFYevM-00000-00000035-00000461 Clark Leonard Hall May 24th 1884 to May
+uyVGqCFYevM-00001-00000462-00000767 10th 1952 was an American psychologist
+uyVGqCFYevM-00002-00000768-00000986 who sought to explain learning and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00003-00000986-00001202 motivation by scientific laws of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00004-00001203-00001474 behavior hull has known for his debate
+uyVGqCFYevM-00005-00001475-00001780 with Edward C Tallman he is also known
+uyVGqCFYevM-00006-00001782-00002134 for his work in drive theory Hall spent
+uyVGqCFYevM-00007-00002135-00002326 the mature part of his career at Yale
+uyVGqCFYevM-00008-00002327-00002549 University where he was recruited by the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00009-00002550-00002795 president and former psychologist James
+uyVGqCFYevM-00010-00002796-00003098 Rowland angel he performed research
+uyVGqCFYevM-00011-00003099-00003299 demonstrating that his theories could
+uyVGqCFYevM-00012-00003300-00003572 predict behavior his most significant
+uyVGqCFYevM-00013-00003572-00003772 works were the Mathematica deductive
+uyVGqCFYevM-00014-00003773-00003906 theory of rote learning
+uyVGqCFYevM-00015-00003907-00004301 19:40 and principles of behavior 1943
+uyVGqCFYevM-00016-00004302-00004556 which established his analysis of animal
+uyVGqCFYevM-00017-00004557-00004706 learning and conditioning as the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00018-00004707-00004906 dominant learning theory of its time
+uyVGqCFYevM-00019-00004907-00005227 polls model as expressed in biological
+uyVGqCFYevM-00020-00005228-00005452 terms organisms suffered deprivation
+uyVGqCFYevM-00021-00005453-00005752 deprivation creates needs needs activate
+uyVGqCFYevM-00022-00005753-00006050 drives drives activate behavior behavior
+uyVGqCFYevM-00023-00006051-00006286 as goal directed achieving the goal has
+uyVGqCFYevM-00024-00006287-00006641 survival value he is perhaps best known
+uyVGqCFYevM-00025-00006642-00006956 for the goal gradient effect or
+uyVGqCFYevM-00026-00006956-00007198 hypothesis wherein organism spend
+uyVGqCFYevM-00027-00007200-00007400 disproportionate amounts of effort in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00028-00007401-00007598 the final stages of attainment of the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00029-00007598-00007870 object of drives due to the lack of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00030-00007872-00008114 popularity of behaviorism in modern
+uyVGqCFYevM-00031-00008115-00008339 contexts it is little referenced today
+uyVGqCFYevM-00032-00008340-00008663 or bracketed as obsolete nonetheless a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00033-00008664-00008888 review of general psychology survey
+uyVGqCFYevM-00034-00008889-00009167 published in 2002 ranked Hall as the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00035-00009168-00009416 twenty-first most cited psychologist of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00036-00009417-00009687 the 20th century
+uyVGqCFYevM-00037-00009688-00010051 you
+uyVGqCFYevM-00038-00010052-00010604 topic background
+uyVGqCFYevM-00039-00010605-00010937 you
+uyVGqCFYevM-00040-00010938-00011464 topic early life
+uyVGqCFYevM-00041-00011465-00011744 hull was born in a log house in Akron
+uyVGqCFYevM-00042-00011745-00012202 New York on May 24th 1884 he was born to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00043-00012203-00012401 a powerful father who was known to have
+uyVGqCFYevM-00044-00012402-00012703 a violent temper his father was largely
+uyVGqCFYevM-00045-00012704-00012965 uneducated and married his mother a shy
+uyVGqCFYevM-00046-00012966-00013240 woman from Connecticut when she was 15
+uyVGqCFYevM-00047-00013241-00013475 Clark's father didn't get a lot of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00048-00013476-00013669 schooling because his father worked a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00049-00013670-00013772 lot as a child
+uyVGqCFYevM-00050-00013772-00013966 so he didn't learn how to read and was
+uyVGqCFYevM-00051-00013968-00014269 eventually taught by his wife at the age
+uyVGqCFYevM-00052-00014270-00014558 of 3 or 4 hull and his family moved to a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00053-00014559-00014878 farm in Michigan here he and his younger
+uyVGqCFYevM-00054-00014879-00015080 brother Wayne helped the farm by
+uyVGqCFYevM-00055-00015081-00015272 performing manual labor and chores
+uyVGqCFYevM-00056-00015272-00015503 around the house Hall was educated at a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00057-00015504-00015755 small one-room school in the village of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00058-00015756-00015988 sickles where there were about 20 to 30
+uyVGqCFYevM-00059-00015990-00016271 people he often missed school to help
+uyVGqCFYevM-00060-00016272-00016532 work on the farm he displayed an early
+uyVGqCFYevM-00061-00016533-00016760 proficiency for mathematics but found
+uyVGqCFYevM-00062-00016761-00017080 grammar a bit difficult when he was 11
+uyVGqCFYevM-00063-00017081-00017315 or 12 he was forcibly converted by a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00064-00017316-00017519 religious group known as the Christian
+uyVGqCFYevM-00065-00017520-00017840 Crusaders this experience caused him to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00066-00017841-00018011 rethink his religious identity
+uyVGqCFYevM-00067-00018012-00018255 eventually renouncing religion entirely
+uyVGqCFYevM-00068-00018256-00018614 at the age of 17 he passed a teacher's
+uyVGqCFYevM-00069-00018615-00018850 examination test and became a teacher in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00070-00018851-00019105 a similar small schoolhouse a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00071-00019106-00019364 combination of his religious crisis and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00072-00019365-00019589 his experience teaching inspired him to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00073-00019590-00019883 seek further education he attended a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00074-00019884-00020066 high school in West Saginaw County
+uyVGqCFYevM-00075-00020067-00020281 living with the superintendent of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00076-00020282-00020539 schools in exchange for household chores
+uyVGqCFYevM-00077-00020540-00020822 polls atheism almost caused the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00078-00020823-00021022 superintendent to kick him out but his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00079-00021023-00021196 wife got him to reconsider
+uyVGqCFYevM-00080-00021197-00021494 after completing high school Hall left
+uyVGqCFYevM-00081-00021495-00021697 the superintendent but kept in contact
+uyVGqCFYevM-00082-00021698-00022003 with him until his death
+uyVGqCFYevM-00083-00022004-00022344 you
+uyVGqCFYevM-00084-00022345-00022902 topic higher education
+uyVGqCFYevM-00085-00022903-00023175 after completing high school Hall went
+uyVGqCFYevM-00086-00023176-00023364 on to study at Alma Academy
+uyVGqCFYevM-00087-00023365-00023652 he continued to excel in mathematics
+uyVGqCFYevM-00088-00023653-00023952 particularly geometry his interest in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00089-00023953-00024183 geometry inspired him to begin thinking
+uyVGqCFYevM-00090-00024184-00024381 about how the mind can create new
+uyVGqCFYevM-00091-00024382-00024552 connections based on what is already
+uyVGqCFYevM-00092-00024553-00024867 known it was during his time at Alma
+uyVGqCFYevM-00093-00024868-00025083 Academy that he read the works of Baruch
+uyVGqCFYevM-00094-00025084-00025319 Spinoza who he admired though ultimately
+uyVGqCFYevM-00095-00025320-00025572 disagreed with as he was about to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00096-00025573-00025820 graduate from the Academy he attended a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00097-00025822-00026031 banquet where the food was contaminated
+uyVGqCFYevM-00098-00026032-00026258 and contracted a near deadly case of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00099-00026260-00026465 typhoid which delayed his return to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00100-00026466-00026775 college many died during that time and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00101-00026776-00027054 Clark himself almost died he was left
+uyVGqCFYevM-00102-00027055-00027297 with permanent amnesia and a general bad
+uyVGqCFYevM-00103-00027298-00027504 memory for names which affected him
+uyVGqCFYevM-00104-00027505-00027698 throughout the rest of his life as
+uyVGqCFYevM-00105-00027699-00027977 Clark's health improved he returned to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00106-00027979-00028170 Alma College where he studied math
+uyVGqCFYevM-00107-00028170-00028392 physics and chemistry intending to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00108-00028393-00028677 become an engineer his intent was to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00109-00028677-00028929 qualify for a mining engineering program
+uyVGqCFYevM-00110-00028930-00029160 at another institution after two years
+uyVGqCFYevM-00111-00029161-00029379 at Alma College Hall moved to Hibbing
+uyVGqCFYevM-00112-00029380-00029568 Minnesota to work as an apprentice
+uyVGqCFYevM-00113-00029569-00029921 mining engineer however after two months
+uyVGqCFYevM-00114-00029922-00030168 he was afflicted by polio which left him
+uyVGqCFYevM-00115-00030169-00030399 paralyzed with one leg causing him to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00116-00030400-00030606 recover at his parents home for a year
+uyVGqCFYevM-00117-00030607-00030804 and forcing him to reconsider his life
+uyVGqCFYevM-00118-00030805-00031080 path he considered becoming a minister
+uyVGqCFYevM-00119-00031081-00031329 of Unitarianism because he found their
+uyVGqCFYevM-00120-00031330-00031646 philosophy focused sermons appealing his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00121-00031647-00031883 love of philosophy eventually led to his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00122-00031885-00032130 interest in psychology which he studied
+uyVGqCFYevM-00123-00032131-00032439 during his recovery he began his journey
+uyVGqCFYevM-00124-00032439-00032625 by reading William James's book
+uyVGqCFYevM-00125-00032626-00032946 principles of psychology he also took a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00126-00032947-00033138 particular interest in the works of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00127-00033139-00033435 Watson and Pavlov a little after he
+uyVGqCFYevM-00128-00033436-00033642 started reading his eyes would become
+uyVGqCFYevM-00129-00033643-00033831 weak and his mother would read to him
+uyVGqCFYevM-00130-00033832-00034038 until his eyes became strong enough for
+uyVGqCFYevM-00131-00034039-00034190 him to read on his own
+uyVGqCFYevM-00132-00034191-00034482 a year later he decided to teach back
+uyVGqCFYevM-00133-00034483-00034704 home in the one-room school which had
+uyVGqCFYevM-00134-00034705-00035013 expanded to two rooms after his two
+uyVGqCFYevM-00135-00035014-00035240 years teaching he married Bertha you see
+uyVGqCFYevM-00136-00035241-00035466 with very little money
+uyVGqCFYevM-00137-00035467-00035691 after marrying Bertha you'd see they
+uyVGqCFYevM-00138-00035692-00035898 both began attending the University of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00139-00035899-00036216 Michigan here he began his formal study
+uyVGqCFYevM-00140-00036217-00036438 of psychology and graduated with his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00141-00036439-00036813 bachelor's degree in 1913 after teaching
+uyVGqCFYevM-00142-00036814-00037059 in Kentucky hull accepted a teaching
+uyVGqCFYevM-00143-00037060-00037263 assistant position at the University of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00144-00037264-00037521 Wisconsin under Joseph Jastrow in order
+uyVGqCFYevM-00145-00037522-00037788 to join their graduate program while
+uyVGqCFYevM-00146-00037789-00038010 taking classes and working he privately
+uyVGqCFYevM-00147-00038011-00038211 worked on research based on the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00148-00038212-00038421 evolution of concepts which he later
+uyVGqCFYevM-00149-00038422-00038703 applied to his dissertation quantitative
+uyVGqCFYevM-00150-00038704-00038978 aspects of the evolution of concepts
+uyVGqCFYevM-00151-00038979-00039261 after graduating he spent some time
+uyVGqCFYevM-00152-00039262-00039462 working as a half-time assistant and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00153-00039463-00039627 eventually teaching as a full-time
+uyVGqCFYevM-00154-00039628-00039813 instructor at the University of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00155-00039814-00040537 Wisconsin before moving on to Yale
+uyVGqCFYevM-00156-00040538-00041058 topic later life
+uyVGqCFYevM-00157-00041059-00041307 in addition to his other teachings he
+uyVGqCFYevM-00158-00041308-00041520 was able to teach a psychological test
+uyVGqCFYevM-00159-00041521-00041805 and measurement course because he loved
+uyVGqCFYevM-00160-00041806-00042030 the mathematical portion of the course
+uyVGqCFYevM-00161-00042031-00042258 he changed the class to aptitude testing
+uyVGqCFYevM-00162-00042259-00042504 which focused on scientific basis of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00163-00042505-00042807 vocational guidance on the side Hall
+uyVGqCFYevM-00164-00042808-00043017 also conducted research to build a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00165-00043018-00043197 machine that could perform all the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00166-00043198-00043412 correlational work for him automatically
+uyVGqCFYevM-00167-00043413-00043692 after teaching the aptitude testing
+uyVGqCFYevM-00168-00043693-00043887 class Hall went on to teaching an
+uyVGqCFYevM-00169-00043888-00044082 introductory class for pre-medical
+uyVGqCFYevM-00170-00044083-00044373 students while teaching this class he
+uyVGqCFYevM-00171-00044374-00044604 particularly took notice of suggestion
+uyVGqCFYevM-00172-00044605-00044912 and hypnosis this was the starting point
+uyVGqCFYevM-00173-00044913-00045111 of his experimental testing in this
+uyVGqCFYevM-00174-00045112-00045300 field in which Hall focused on the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00175-00045301-00045468 quantitative methodology and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00176-00045469-00045804 experimental psychology after 10 years
+uyVGqCFYevM-00177-00045805-00045999 of in-depth research he wrote the book
+uyVGqCFYevM-00178-00046000-00046328 hypnosis and suggestibility in 1933
+uyVGqCFYevM-00179-00046329-00046620 after writing the book he decided to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00180-00046621-00046842 continue an experimental field by
+uyVGqCFYevM-00181-00046843-00047037 teaching this course in addition to the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00182-00047038-00047315 pre medical course Hall had a great
+uyVGqCFYevM-00183-00047316-00047546 desire to teach this course and felt as
+uyVGqCFYevM-00184-00047547-00047754 though this specific type of science was
+uyVGqCFYevM-00185-00047755-00048046 the foundation of true psychology in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00186-00048047-00048348 1929 he was called to the Institute of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00187-00048349-00048567 psychology at Yale University as a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00188-00048568-00048804 research professor of psychology where
+uyVGqCFYevM-00189-00048805-00048984 he worked on the problems concerning
+uyVGqCFYevM-00190-00048985-00049425 systemic behavior theory in 1930 he came
+uyVGqCFYevM-00191-00049426-00049662 to several conclusions about psychology
+uyVGqCFYevM-00192-00049663-00049836 the first was that he believed that
+uyVGqCFYevM-00193-00049837-00050184 psychology as a true natural science the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00194-00050185-00050394 second was that its primary laws are
+uyVGqCFYevM-00195-00050395-00050598 expressed quantitatively by moderate
+uyVGqCFYevM-00196-00050599-00050826 number equations and that all complex
+uyVGqCFYevM-00197-00050827-00051042 behavior are single individuals will be
+uyVGqCFYevM-00198-00051043-00051354 derived as second laws the third was
+uyVGqCFYevM-00199-00051354-00051564 that the primary laws with the behavior
+uyVGqCFYevM-00200-00051565-00051770 based on the condition can also be
+uyVGqCFYevM-00201-00051771-00051983 derived as quantitative laws from the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00202-00051984-00052195 same primary equation he and other
+uyVGqCFYevM-00203-00052196-00052491 psychologists Neal e Miller John Dollard
+uyVGqCFYevM-00204-00052491-00052722 and O H mower looked into these ideas
+uyVGqCFYevM-00205-00052723-00052929 more they sought to understand what
+uyVGqCFYevM-00206-00052929-00053126 underlined conditioned reflex and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00207-00053127-00053301 behavior while also seeking to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00208-00053302-00053513 understand Freud and others like him
+uyVGqCFYevM-00209-00053514-00053807 this eventually led to his work that he
+uyVGqCFYevM-00210-00053808-00054039 is primarily known for principles of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00211-00054040-00054177 behavior
+uyVGqCFYevM-00212-00054178-00054504 during 1929 he began employment with
+uyVGqCFYevM-00213-00054504-00054729 Yale University and retained it until
+uyVGqCFYevM-00214-00054729-00055154 his death he died on May 10th 1952 in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00215-00055155-00055438 New Haven Connecticut
+uyVGqCFYevM-00216-00055439-00055805 you
+uyVGqCFYevM-00217-00055807-00056430 topic research in psychology
+uyVGqCFYevM-00218-00056432-00056710 Hull's primary interest was in theories
+uyVGqCFYevM-00219-00056711-00056914 of learning and behaviors that lead to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00220-00056915-00057187 learning this was the goal of most of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00221-00057188-00057417 his research in the end hull created his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00222-00057419-00057630 own learning theory sometimes referred
+uyVGqCFYevM-00223-00057632-00057895 to as drive theory or systemic behavior
+uyVGqCFYevM-00224-00057896-00058171 theory he also showed interest in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00225-00058172-00058375 hypnosis but this was not his top
+uyVGqCFYevM-00226-00058376-00058600 priority in his work and research life
+uyVGqCFYevM-00227-00058601-00058891 in both his drive theory and hypnosis
+uyVGqCFYevM-00228-00058891-00059089 research Hall made sure that his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00229-00059090-00059295 experiments were under strict control
+uyVGqCFYevM-00230-00059296-00059584 also in his work he emphasized
+uyVGqCFYevM-00231-00059585-00059821 quantitative data so everything could be
+uyVGqCFYevM-00232-00059822-00060091 analyzed more precisely and less open to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00233-00060091-00060313 interpretation than previous Studies on
+uyVGqCFYevM-00234-00060314-00060875 the topics
+uyVGqCFYevM-00235-00060876-00061428 topic aptitude training
+uyVGqCFYevM-00236-00061429-00061706 hull began working in aptitude testing
+uyVGqCFYevM-00237-00061707-00061940 after he began teaching Daniel starches
+uyVGqCFYevM-00238-00061941-00062261 class at the University of Wisconsin his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00239-00062262-00062492 interest in the field was stimulated by
+uyVGqCFYevM-00240-00062493-00062693 his dissatisfaction with contemporary
+uyVGqCFYevM-00241-00062694-00062924 tests believing them to be lacking in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00242-00062925-00063218 procedure and validity his book on the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00243-00063219-00063569 subject aptitude testing 1928 showed his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00244-00063570-00063761 work with analyzing validity and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00245-00063762-00064082 creating scale scores he also created
+uyVGqCFYevM-00246-00064083-00064352 his own tests the Wisconsin lathe test
+uyVGqCFYevM-00247-00064353-00064625 he created a computing machine to lessen
+uyVGqCFYevM-00248-00064626-00064826 the work of producing tables of test
+uyVGqCFYevM-00249-00064827-00065129 correlations the machine interpreted
+uyVGqCFYevM-00250-00065130-00065342 data from punch cards to produce these
+uyVGqCFYevM-00251-00065343-00065565 tables this machine would later
+uyVGqCFYevM-00252-00065566-00065780 influence his theories on behaviorism
+uyVGqCFYevM-00253-00065781-00066098 hull eventually became cynical regarding
+uyVGqCFYevM-00254-00066099-00066305 the future of the field causing him to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00255-00066306-00066563 pursue other interests though no longer
+uyVGqCFYevM-00256-00066564-00066818 doing active research in the field he
+uyVGqCFYevM-00257-00066819-00067016 retained an interest debating Karl
+uyVGqCFYevM-00258-00067017-00067244 Ashley's beliefs on the heritability of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00259-00067245-00067479 intelligence
+uyVGqCFYevM-00260-00067480-00067823 you
+uyVGqCFYevM-00261-00067824-00068338 topic hypnosis
+uyVGqCFYevM-00262-00068339-00068584 Hall is often credited with having begun
+uyVGqCFYevM-00263-00068585-00068917 the modern study of hypnosis he became
+uyVGqCFYevM-00264-00068918-00069106 interested in the field while taking
+uyVGqCFYevM-00265-00069107-00069373 over a pre-medical course on psychology
+uyVGqCFYevM-00266-00069374-00069679 from Jastrow after successfully putting
+uyVGqCFYevM-00267-00069680-00069894 a disturbed student into a trance with a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00268-00069895-00070117 gifted hypnotic crystal he began to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00269-00070118-00070326 research the phenomenon in its medical
+uyVGqCFYevM-00270-00070327-00070621 applications dissatisfied with the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00271-00070622-00070846 unscientific nature of the field Hall
+uyVGqCFYevM-00272-00070847-00071053 sought to bring greater academic rigor
+uyVGqCFYevM-00273-00071054-00071260 through measuring behavior instead of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00274-00071261-00071607 relying on self-report while teaching he
+uyVGqCFYevM-00275-00071608-00071779 encouraged his students to do their
+uyVGqCFYevM-00276-00071780-00071994 research with hypnosis teaching them the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00277-00071995-00072213 techniques involved his work hypnosis
+uyVGqCFYevM-00278-00072214-00072375 and suggestibility
+uyVGqCFYevM-00279-00072376-00072628 19:33 was a rigorous study of the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00280-00072629-00072841 phenomenon using statistical and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00281-00072842-00073144 experimental analysis polls studies
+uyVGqCFYevM-00282-00073145-00073384 demonstrated emphatically once and for
+uyVGqCFYevM-00283-00073385-00073600 all that hypnosis is not related to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00284-00073601-00073918 sleep hypnosis is not sleep it has no
+uyVGqCFYevM-00285-00073919-00074157 special relationship to sleep and the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00286-00074158-00074404 whole concept of sleep when applied to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00287-00074405-00074800 hypnosis obscures the situation his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00288-00074801-00075031 research even goes as far as to say that
+uyVGqCFYevM-00289-00075032-00075238 hypnosis as the opposite of sleep
+uyVGqCFYevM-00290-00075239-00075438 because he found that hypnosis gave
+uyVGqCFYevM-00291-00075439-00075646 responses linked to alertness rather
+uyVGqCFYevM-00292-00075647-00075957 than lethargy in wholes research some of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00293-00075958-00076186 his subjects even felt that hypnotism
+uyVGqCFYevM-00294-00076187-00076368 made their sensitivity and alertness
+uyVGqCFYevM-00295-00076369-00076743 better in fact many of whole subjects in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00296-00076744-00076942 hypnotic states did believe that their
+uyVGqCFYevM-00297-00076943-00077224 senses had increased they genuinely
+uyVGqCFYevM-00298-00077225-00077416 thought their senses were better but
+uyVGqCFYevM-00299-00077417-00077556 this was never proven to be a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00300-00077557-00077868 significant result the main question of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00301-00077869-00078112 Hall study was to examine the veracity
+uyVGqCFYevM-00302-00078113-00078328 of the apparently extravagant claims of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00303-00078329-00078525 hypnotists especially regarding
+uyVGqCFYevM-00304-00078526-00078732 extraordinary improvements of cognition
+uyVGqCFYevM-00305-00078733-00079063 or the senses by hypnosis Hall's
+uyVGqCFYevM-00306-00079064-00079297 research indicated that hypnotic states
+uyVGqCFYevM-00307-00079298-00079534 and waking states are the same besides a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00308-00079535-00079810 few simple differences one of these
+uyVGqCFYevM-00309-00079811-00080065 differences is that subjects in hypnotic
+uyVGqCFYevM-00310-00080066-00080272 states respond to suggestions more
+uyVGqCFYevM-00311-00080273-00080568 readily than those in a waking State the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00312-00080569-00080773 only other notable difference as that
+uyVGqCFYevM-00313-00080774-00080974 Hall believed that those in hypnotic
+uyVGqCFYevM-00314-00080975-00081154 states were better able to remember
+uyVGqCFYevM-00315-00081155-00081357 events that had happened far in the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00316-00081358-00081495 subjects past
+uyVGqCFYevM-00317-00081496-00081738 other than those two differences not
+uyVGqCFYevM-00318-00081739-00081957 much differentiated between waking and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00319-00081958-00082157 hypnotic states according to holes
+uyVGqCFYevM-00320-00082158-00082497 controlled studies holes experiments
+uyVGqCFYevM-00321-00082498-00082698 showed the reality of some classical
+uyVGqCFYevM-00322-00082699-00082932 phenomena such as mentally induced pain
+uyVGqCFYevM-00323-00082933-00083142 reduction and apparent inhibition of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00324-00083143-00083255 memory recall
+uyVGqCFYevM-00325-00083256-00083544 however halls work indicated that these
+uyVGqCFYevM-00326-00083545-00083694 effects could be achieved without
+uyVGqCFYevM-00327-00083695-00083940 hypnosis being considered as a distinct
+uyVGqCFYevM-00328-00083941-00084126 state but rather as a result of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00329-00084127-00084342 suggestion and motivation which was a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00330-00084343-00084540 forerunner of the behavioral study of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00331-00084541-00084644 hypnosis
+uyVGqCFYevM-00332-00084645-00084938 similarly moderate increases of certain
+uyVGqCFYevM-00333-00084939-00085169 physical capacities and changes to the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00334-00085170-00085392 threshold of sensory stimulation could
+uyVGqCFYevM-00335-00085393-00085632 be induced psychologically attenuation
+uyVGqCFYevM-00336-00085633-00085847 effects could be especially dramatic
+uyVGqCFYevM-00337-00085848-00086144 after moving to Yale his work in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00338-00086145-00086381 hypnosis quickly encountered resistance
+uyVGqCFYevM-00339-00086382-00086673 the medical schools concern over the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00340-00086674-00086859 dangers of hypnosis caused him to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00341-00086860-00087175 discontinue his research
+uyVGqCFYevM-00342-00087176-00087515 you
+uyVGqCFYevM-00343-00087516-00088020 topic behavior
+uyVGqCFYevM-00344-00088021-00088301 Clark Hall found inspiration for his own
+uyVGqCFYevM-00345-00088302-00088485 theory of learning after learning about
+uyVGqCFYevM-00346-00088486-00088734 Ivan Pavlov's idea of conditional
+uyVGqCFYevM-00347-00088735-00088944 reflexes and Watson's system of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00348-00088945-00089241 behaviorism he also was impacted by
+uyVGqCFYevM-00349-00089242-00089469 Edward Thorndike as he adapted his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00350-00089470-00089661 theory to include and agree with
+uyVGqCFYevM-00351-00089662-00089951 Thorndike's law of effect after Hall
+uyVGqCFYevM-00352-00089952-00090132 discovered his interest in learning
+uyVGqCFYevM-00353-00090133-00090344 theories from Pavlov Watson and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00354-00090345-00090579 Thorndike he dedicated much of his own
+uyVGqCFYevM-00355-00090580-00090794 laboratory work to perfecting his own
+uyVGqCFYevM-00356-00090795-00091155 theory also many experiments concerning
+uyVGqCFYevM-00357-00091156-00091338 his learning theory came from hall
+uyVGqCFYevM-00358-00091339-00091532 students who carried out many different
+uyVGqCFYevM-00359-00091533-00091794 experiments in halls lab after finding
+uyVGqCFYevM-00360-00091795-00091992 inspiration from seminars and lectures
+uyVGqCFYevM-00361-00091993-00092174 in classes that Hall taught
+uyVGqCFYevM-00362-00092175-00092403 quantification was a chief concern of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00363-00092404-00092613 Hall studies and he continued to apply
+uyVGqCFYevM-00364-00092614-00092880 this interest to behaviorism while
+uyVGqCFYevM-00365-00092881-00093111 interested in the work of Watson he was
+uyVGqCFYevM-00366-00093112-00093399 not entirely convinced after listening
+uyVGqCFYevM-00367-00093400-00093636 to lectures by gestalt psychologists
+uyVGqCFYevM-00368-00093637-00093873 Kirk Kafka he began to work towards a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00369-00093874-00094146 neo behaviorism his goal was to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00370-00094147-00094371 determine the laws of behavior and how
+uyVGqCFYevM-00371-00094372-00094551 they can be used to determine future
+uyVGqCFYevM-00372-00094552-00094857 behaviors his work with the computing
+uyVGqCFYevM-00373-00094858-00095057 machine led him to believe a machine
+uyVGqCFYevM-00374-00095058-00095241 could be built to replicate mental
+uyVGqCFYevM-00375-00095242-00095475 processes in his book principles of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00376-00095476-00095669 behavior he developed the following
+uyVGqCFYevM-00377-00095670-00095789 formula
+uyVGqCFYevM-00378-00095790-00096281 ser equals SH R times D times V times K
+uyVGqCFYevM-00379-00096282-00096621 where ser as excitatory potential
+uyVGqCFYevM-00380-00096622-00096810 likelihood that the organism would
+uyVGqCFYevM-00381-00096811-00097125 produce response R to stimulus s s H R
+uyVGqCFYevM-00382-00097126-00097307 as the habit strength derived from
+uyVGqCFYevM-00383-00097308-00097668 previous conditioning trials Diaz drive
+uyVGqCFYevM-00384-00097669-00097956 strength determined by eg the hours of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00385-00097957-00098343 deprivation of food water etc via
+uyVGqCFYevM-00386-00098344-00098634 stimulus intensity dynamism some stimuli
+uyVGqCFYevM-00387-00098635-00098850 will have greater influences than others
+uyVGqCFYevM-00388-00098851-00099106 such as the lighting of a situation and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00389-00099107-00099411 K is incentive how appealing the result
+uyVGqCFYevM-00390-00099412-00099618 of the action as a variety of other
+uyVGqCFYevM-00391-00099619-00099822 factors were gradually added to the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00392-00099823-00100013 formula to account for results not
+uyVGqCFYevM-00393-00100014-00100223 included by this simple function
+uyVGqCFYevM-00394-00100224-00100688 eventually the formula became ser equals
+uyVGqCFYevM-00395-00100689-00101142 V X DX k xj x sh r ir sir
+uyVGqCFYevM-00396-00101143-00101379 soar sir such that I are as react
+uyVGqCFYevM-00397-00101380-00101594 inhibition inhibition caused by
+uyVGqCFYevM-00398-00101595-00101825 continual performance of a behavior that
+uyVGqCFYevM-00399-00101826-00102075 dissipates over time sir as conditioned
+uyVGqCFYevM-00400-00102076-00102285 inhibition inhibition caused by
+uyVGqCFYevM-00401-00102286-00102518 continual performance of a behavior that
+uyVGqCFYevM-00402-00102519-00102774 does not dissipate over time SLRs
+uyVGqCFYevM-00403-00102775-00103016 reaction threshold the smallest amount
+uyVGqCFYevM-00404-00103017-00103173 of reinforcement that will produce
+uyVGqCFYevM-00405-00103174-00103508 learning polo originally intended to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00406-00103509-00103706 make a trilogy of books on behavior
+uyVGqCFYevM-00407-00103707-00103993 explaining social and cognitive behavior
+uyVGqCFYevM-00408-00103994-00104282 instead he focused on continuously
+uyVGqCFYevM-00409-00104283-00104486 revising his original formula as
+uyVGqCFYevM-00410-00104488-00104732 exceptions showed up Hall's emphasis was
+uyVGqCFYevM-00411-00104733-00104997 on experimentation an organized theory
+uyVGqCFYevM-00412-00104998-00105179 of learning and the nature of habits
+uyVGqCFYevM-00413-00105180-00105390 which he argued were associations
+uyVGqCFYevM-00414-00105391-00105638 between a stimulus and a response
+uyVGqCFYevM-00415-00105639-00105906 behaviors were influenced by goals that
+uyVGqCFYevM-00416-00105907-00106227 sought to satisfy primary drives such as
+uyVGqCFYevM-00417-00106228-00106479 hunger thirst sex and the avoidance of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00418-00106480-00106818 pain his systematic behavior theory also
+uyVGqCFYevM-00419-00106819-00107049 known as drive theory is that of a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00420-00107050-00107279 reinforcement system which means that in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00421-00107280-00107504 learning habits are initially formed by
+uyVGqCFYevM-00422-00107505-00107768 reinforcing certain behaviors
+uyVGqCFYevM-00423-00107769-00107973 reinforcement of a response to a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00424-00107974-00108153 behavior supplies an effect that
+uyVGqCFYevM-00425-00108154-00108485 satisfies a need in other words this
+uyVGqCFYevM-00426-00108486-00108702 satisfaction of needs helps create
+uyVGqCFYevM-00427-00108703-00109026 habits out of behaviors specifically
+uyVGqCFYevM-00428-00109027-00109269 holes theory posits that behaviors that
+uyVGqCFYevM-00429-00109270-00109539 satisfy needs later described by Hall as
+uyVGqCFYevM-00430-00109540-00109770 cravings rather than needs reduce these
+uyVGqCFYevM-00431-00109771-00109841 cravings
+uyVGqCFYevM-00432-00109842-00110106 he called this concept drive reduction
+uyVGqCFYevM-00433-00110107-00110343 or drive stimulus reduction other
+uyVGqCFYevM-00434-00110344-00110585 behaviorists found Hall's theories to be
+uyVGqCFYevM-00435-00110586-00110808 too cumbersome for practical use leading
+uyVGqCFYevM-00436-00110808-00111173 to his work to be equipped by Skinner
+uyVGqCFYevM-00437-00111174-00111541 you
+uyVGqCFYevM-00438-00111542-00112083 topic influence
+uyVGqCFYevM-00439-00112083-00112409 in 1936 Hall worked with students and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00440-00112410-00112616 associates and together they started a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00441-00112617-00112838 series of evening seminars that became
+uyVGqCFYevM-00442-00112839-00113118 known as Monday night meetings they
+uyVGqCFYevM-00443-00113119-00113339 would discuss topics such as conditioned
+uyVGqCFYevM-00444-00113340-00113573 reflexes behavior loss and Freud
+uyVGqCFYevM-00445-00113574-00113898 psychoanalysis these meetings became
+uyVGqCFYevM-00446-00113899-00114140 popular with many kinds of people such
+uyVGqCFYevM-00447-00114141-00114386 as psychologists sociologists and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00448-00114387-00114629 anthropologists and sometimes as many as
+uyVGqCFYevM-00449-00114630-00114986 70 people would attend National Academy
+uyVGqCFYevM-00450-00114987-00115262 of Sciences later in life when Hall was
+uyVGqCFYevM-00451-00115263-00115454 in poor health he had the help of his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00452-00115455-00115649 research assistants and volunteers to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00453-00115650-00115976 conduct his experiments he also relied
+uyVGqCFYevM-00454-00115977-00116174 on people to keep him up to date on
+uyVGqCFYevM-00455-00116175-00116339 current discussions on current
+uyVGqCFYevM-00456-00116340-00116561 psychological experiments and theories
+uyVGqCFYevM-00457-00116562-00116745 that he was unable to attend and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00458-00116746-00117081 participate in whole was one of the most
+uyVGqCFYevM-00459-00117082-00117311 frequently cited psychologists during
+uyVGqCFYevM-00460-00117312-00117751 the 1940s and 1950s aptitude testing
+uyVGqCFYevM-00461-00117752-00118079 1928 was a widely quoted textbook in his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00462-00118080-00118310 work hypnosis and suggestibility an
+uyVGqCFYevM-00463-00118311-00118640 experimental approach 1933 was widely
+uyVGqCFYevM-00464-00118641-00119087 studied pols principles of behavior 1943
+uyVGqCFYevM-00465-00119088-00119312 was one of the most widely cited books
+uyVGqCFYevM-00466-00119313-00119624 in psychology in an old handbook of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00467-00119625-00119864 Experimental Psychology his work was
+uyVGqCFYevM-00468-00119865-00120096 mentioned on over 80 pages which was
+uyVGqCFYevM-00469-00120097-00120284 more than all other scientists at the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00470-00120285-00120594 time in previous issues of the Journal
+uyVGqCFYevM-00471-00120595-00120798 of Experimental Psychology and the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00472-00120799-00121071 psychological review over 40% of the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00473-00121072-00121301 bibliographies included one or more of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00474-00121302-00121553 his writings howl advised and inspired a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00475-00121554-00121724 number of graduate students and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00476-00121725-00121925 psychologists that went on to revise his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00477-00121926-00122162 theories and make contributions to the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00478-00122163-00122423 field of psychology some of these
+uyVGqCFYevM-00479-00122424-00122670 important people influenced by Hull were
+uyVGqCFYevM-00480-00122671-00122948 Albert bandura Neal Miller John Dollard
+uyVGqCFYevM-00481-00122949-00123179 Kenneth Spence and Janet Taylor spent
+uyVGqCFYevM-00482-00123180-00123398 John Dollard taught anthropology
+uyVGqCFYevM-00483-00123399-00123686 psychology and sociology at Yale and was
+uyVGqCFYevM-00484-00123687-00123929 interested in studying social class and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00485-00123930-00124226 specific learning experiences Neil
+uyVGqCFYevM-00486-00124227-00124458 Miller studied under Hall at Yale which
+uyVGqCFYevM-00487-00124458-00124773 is where he earned his PhD Miller also
+uyVGqCFYevM-00488-00124774-00125022 founded the laboratory of physiological
+uyVGqCFYevM-00489-00125023-00125271 psychology at Rockefeller University in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00490-00125272-00125445 New York which is where he can
+uyVGqCFYevM-00491-00125446-00125649 did research on animal training and this
+uyVGqCFYevM-00492-00125650-00125870 work helped to develop biofeedback
+uyVGqCFYevM-00493-00125871-00126144 Miller and Dollard collaborated and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00494-00126145-00126351 developed a social learning theory that
+uyVGqCFYevM-00495-00126352-00126507 was successfully applied to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00496-00126508-00126792 psychotherapy and understanding their
+uyVGqCFYevM-00497-00126793-00126983 book social learning and imitation
+uyVGqCFYevM-00498-00126984-00127233 listed the four fundamentals necessary
+uyVGqCFYevM-00499-00127233-00127500 for instrumental learning these were
+uyVGqCFYevM-00500-00127501-00127773 Drive cue response and reward and were
+uyVGqCFYevM-00501-00127774-00127998 based on Hall's drive reduction theory
+uyVGqCFYevM-00502-00127999-00128226 of learning they used a similar
+uyVGqCFYevM-00503-00128227-00128478 construct two wholes theory however they
+uyVGqCFYevM-00504-00128479-00128708 proposed that any strong stimulus could
+uyVGqCFYevM-00505-00128709-00128913 have motivating or drive properties
+uyVGqCFYevM-00506-00128914-00129105 without essentially being tied to the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00507-00129106-00129381 need of that particular organism their
+uyVGqCFYevM-00508-00129382-00129710 book personality and psychotherapy 1950
+uyVGqCFYevM-00509-00129711-00129933 is considered to be a very important
+uyVGqCFYevM-00510-00129933-00130131 book for it combined wholly in learning
+uyVGqCFYevM-00511-00130132-00130365 theory with psychoanalysis and help to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00512-00130366-00130539 lay the foundation of cognitive
+uyVGqCFYevM-00513-00130540-00130745 behavioral therapy
+uyVGqCFYevM-00514-00130746-00130973 Kenneth Spence was one of the most well
+uyVGqCFYevM-00515-00130974-00131168 known of halls graduate students
+uyVGqCFYevM-00516-00131169-00131453 he developed an extended halls neo
+uyVGqCFYevM-00517-00131454-00131687 behaviorist theory into what came to be
+uyVGqCFYevM-00518-00131688-00131855 called the hall Spence theory of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00519-00131856-00132082 conditioning learning and motivation
+uyVGqCFYevM-00520-00132083-00132356 this theory states that people learn
+uyVGqCFYevM-00521-00132357-00132602 stimulus-response associations when a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00522-00132603-00132797 stimulus and response occurred together
+uyVGqCFYevM-00523-00132798-00133064 and reinforcement motivates the person
+uyVGqCFYevM-00524-00133065-00133289 to engage in the behavior and increases
+uyVGqCFYevM-00525-00133290-00133492 the occurrence of the learned behavior
+uyVGqCFYevM-00526-00133493-00133742 Spence contributed to the study of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00527-00133743-00133955 incentive motivation in developing
+uyVGqCFYevM-00528-00133956-00134195 mathematical formulation and equations
+uyVGqCFYevM-00529-00134196-00134507 to describe learning acquisition Spence
+uyVGqCFYevM-00530-00134508-00134744 attributed improvement in performance to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00531-00134745-00134936 motivational factors rather than the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00532-00134937-00135212 habit factors of halls theory he
+uyVGqCFYevM-00533-00135213-00135404 believed that reinforcement was not
+uyVGqCFYevM-00534-00135405-00135605 always necessary for learning to occur
+uyVGqCFYevM-00535-00135606-00135818 and that people can learn through latent
+uyVGqCFYevM-00536-00135819-00136067 learning he also developed a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00537-00136068-00136301 discrimination learning theory his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00538-00136302-00136520 discrimination theory suggests that
+uyVGqCFYevM-00539-00136521-00136724 there are gradients of excitatory and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00540-00136725-00136970 inhibitory potential that are generated
+uyVGqCFYevM-00541-00136971-00137168 around the values of the stimulus that
+uyVGqCFYevM-00542-00137169-00137384 are either reinforced or not janet
+uyVGqCFYevM-00543-00137385-00137600 Taylor Spence began her research while
+uyVGqCFYevM-00544-00137601-00137780 working as a graduate student with
+uyVGqCFYevM-00545-00137781-00138040 Kenneth Spence at the university of iowa
+uyVGqCFYevM-00546-00138041-00138434 kenneth became her husband in 1960 her
+uyVGqCFYevM-00547-00138435-00138644 research was on anxiety and was an
+uyVGqCFYevM-00548-00138645-00138892 extension of the whole Spence hypothesis
+uyVGqCFYevM-00549-00138893-00139211 she studied anxiety as a dispositional
+uyVGqCFYevM-00550-00139212-00139451 trait or drive which is the component of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00551-00139452-00139772 halls motivational theory she predicted
+uyVGqCFYevM-00552-00139773-00139988 that people with higher anxiety levels
+uyVGqCFYevM-00553-00139989-00140174 would show higher levels of eyelid
+uyVGqCFYevM-00554-00140175-00140333 conditioning than those with lower
+uyVGqCFYevM-00555-00140334-00140675 levels of anxiety Spence then developed
+uyVGqCFYevM-00556-00140676-00140840 her own instrument to measure her
+uyVGqCFYevM-00557-00140841-00141128 hypothesis the Taylor manifest anxiety
+uyVGqCFYevM-00558-00141129-00141407 scale her later research focused
+uyVGqCFYevM-00559-00141408-00141641 primarily on elaborating halls drive
+uyVGqCFYevM-00560-00141642-00141815 theory
+uyVGqCFYevM-00561-00141816-00142183 you
+uyVGqCFYevM-00562-00142184-00142802 topic awards and recognition
+uyVGqCFYevM-00563-00142803-00143039 hull has been honored by a number of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00564-00143040-00143342 scientific societies hull was president
+uyVGqCFYevM-00565-00143343-00143494 of the American Psychological
+uyVGqCFYevM-00566-00143495-00144005 Association from 1935 1936 hull was
+uyVGqCFYevM-00567-00144006-00144209 elected into the American Academy of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00568-00144210-00144542 Arts and Sciences in 1935 and also to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00569-00144543-00144737 the National Academy of Arts and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00570-00144738-00145136 Sciences in 1936 whole received the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00571-00145137-00145397 warren medal during 1945 from the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00572-00145398-00145814 Society of experimental psychologists
+uyVGqCFYevM-00573-00145815-00146178 you
+uyVGqCFYevM-00574-00146179-00146748 topic hols legacy
+uyVGqCFYevM-00575-00146749-00147024 Hull's ideas were so appealing in part
+uyVGqCFYevM-00576-00147025-00147216 because of his professional background
+uyVGqCFYevM-00577-00147217-00147498 in engineering he was very good with
+uyVGqCFYevM-00578-00147499-00147720 math and numbers and incorporated his
+uyVGqCFYevM-00579-00147721-00147921 numerical knowledge into the field of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00580-00147922-00148218 psychology he followed the acceptable
+uyVGqCFYevM-00581-00148219-00148440 understanding of psychology at that time
+uyVGqCFYevM-00582-00148441-00148650 and was influenced by the work and the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00583-00148651-00148809 conclusions of the pioneers of
+uyVGqCFYevM-00584-00148810-00149082 behaviorism Edward Thorndike John B
+uyVGqCFYevM-00585-00149083-00149306 Watson and Ivan Pavlov
+uyVGqCFYevM-00586-00149307-00149579 however Hall was able to add his own
+uyVGqCFYevM-00587-00149580-00149816 twist to understanding reinforcement and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00588-00149817-00149994 learning in a way that had never been
+uyVGqCFYevM-00589-00149995-00150198 done before by putting everything in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00590-00150199-00150498 numbers and equations Hall was also
+uyVGqCFYevM-00591-00150499-00150789 influenced by Isaac Newton's work Newton
+uyVGqCFYevM-00592-00150790-00150984 had created his own equations to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00593-00150985-00151206 understand astronomical theories and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00594-00151207-00151419 Hull created his own equations to
+uyVGqCFYevM-00595-00151420-00151647 understand psychological behavioral
+uyVGqCFYevM-00596-00151648-00151908 theories Paul contributed to the
+uyVGqCFYevM-00597-00151909-00152112 motivation domain of psychology
+uyVGqCFYevM-00598-00152113-00152388 he had quantified the drive concept in
+uyVGqCFYevM-00599-00152389-00152598 an equation to prove that habit strength
+uyVGqCFYevM-00600-00152599-00152954 as a function of reinforcement Edward C
+uyVGqCFYevM-00601-00152955-00153186 Tallman was a contemporary of Hull whose
+uyVGqCFYevM-00602-00153187-00153390 theory of learning was proved to be more
+uyVGqCFYevM-00603-00153391-00153612 logical and less complicated than halls
+uyVGqCFYevM-00604-00153613-00153678 work
+uyVGqCFYevM-00605-00153679-00153951 Tolman showed that behavior as goal
+uyVGqCFYevM-00606-00153952-00154173 directed and not controlled by random
+uyVGqCFYevM-00607-00154174-00154485 drives and reinforcement Tallman used
+uyVGqCFYevM-00608-00154486-00154722 maze experiments with rats to show that
+uyVGqCFYevM-00609-00154723-00154944 rats can learn without reinforcement and
+uyVGqCFYevM-00610-00154945-00155141 are better understood as directed by
+uyVGqCFYevM-00611-00155142-00155309 goals and driven by cognitive
+uyVGqCFYevM-00612-00155310-00155649 expectancies this finding provided a
+uyVGqCFYevM-00613-00155650-00155835 serious challenge too much of halls
+uyVGqCFYevM-00614-00155836-00156132 learning theory
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+uz-HMmQSIj0-00039-00010232-00010414 receive sources that you need that we
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+uz-HMmQSIj0-00044-00011215-00011431 the second is the lewis reciprocal
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+uz-HMmQSIj0-00051-00012792-00013063 card the remaining tabs provide library
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+uz-HMmQSIj0-00053-00013280-00013519 writing and publishing your research on
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00054-00013519-00013735 the literature review tab you can find
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00055-00013736-00013943 note-taking apps and reference manager
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00056-00013944-00014135 apps in addition to books that could
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00057-00014136-00014335 help you during your research
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00058-00014336-00014575 on the writing resources tab you can
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00059-00014576-00014807 find books on academic writing in
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00060-00014808-00015086 general and in specific fields on the
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00061-00015087-00015319 publishing resources tab you can find
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00062-00015319-00015494 tools to check journal rankings and
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00063-00015495-00015686 descriptions to choose where to submit
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+uz-HMmQSIj0-00065-00015847-00016055 academic publishing on the grant and
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00066-00016056-00016319 research proposals resources tab you can
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00067-00016319-00016607 find resources for locating writing and
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00068-00016608-00016830 submitting state and federal grants and
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+uz-HMmQSIj0-00070-00017064-00017294 on grant and research proposal writing i
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00071-00017295-00017439 hope this video is helpful in
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00072-00017440-00017663 demonstrating research tools for faculty
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00073-00017664-00017847 you can always ask a librarian if you
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00074-00017848-00018039 have questions or need assistance
+uz-HMmQSIj0-00075-00018040-00018415 remember we're here to help you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00000-00000000-00000199 what are you doing here shouldn't you be
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00001-00000200-00000447 nads deep in some kind of hole right now
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00002-00000448-00000647 i forgot about that line
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00003-00000648-00000815 oh man
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00004-00000816-00000958 what is good all my dudes out there it's
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00005-00000959-00001111 your boy roxell and welcome back to
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00006-00001112-00001295 honey pop i think like the last time i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00007-00001296-00001431 recorded this it was literally the
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00008-00001432-00001591 fourth of july we are going to get right
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00009-00001592-00001879 back into this recap um yeah click up
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00010-00001880-00002055 here if you want to see the last video
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00011-00002056-00002287 you know what let's start with them
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00012-00002288-00002471 see you cube i hope you're making the
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00013-00002472-00002783 most out of this gorgeous day
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00014-00002784-00002958 i mean i'm going to try my best by you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00015-00002959-00003431 know hanging out with you and jesse
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00016-00003432-00003519 yes
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00017-00003520-00003838 cheat day ask away i get a kick out of
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00018-00003839-00004095 answering your questions really are they
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00019-00004096-00004311 that stupid okay favorite app on your
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00020-00004312-00004759 phone friday night category of porn um
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00021-00004760-00004911 i'm trying to think what would be
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00022-00004912-00005143 jessie's favorite answer let's go friday
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00023-00005144-00005302 night i'll make it a point to get
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00024-00005303-00005518 together with the girls for drinks you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00025-00005519-00005702 have to have some kind of social life
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00026-00005703-00006022 right oh my god right you took the words
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00027-00006023-00006311 right out of my mouth yes what can i do
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00028-00006312-00006439 for you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00029-00006440-00006639 answer this question movie genre kind of
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00030-00006640-00006878 weather outdoor activity movie genre
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00031-00006879-00007087 there's nothing like a good documentary
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00032-00007088-00007287 you can learn so much about a subject
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00033-00007288-00007510 you've never even thought about before
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00034-00007511-00007719 that is true
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00035-00007720-00007910 i may have underestimated the cost of
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00036-00007911-00008039 vacationing
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00037-00008040-00008295 things really add up quick
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00038-00008296-00008495 i'm gonna have to try to move twice as
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00039-00008496-00008703 much inventory next month to make up for
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00040-00008704-00008871 it
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00041-00008872-00009023 i'd be happy to help you out how much do
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00042-00009024-00009174 you need i'm sure the government has
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00043-00009175-00009431 programs that can assist you screw that
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00044-00009432-00009767 you can always just take thing
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00045-00009768-00009999 she would hate this this one don't even
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00046-00010000-00010238 think about it i appreciate the offer
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00047-00010239-00010535 but i don't need anyone's help
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00048-00010536-00010751 this woman makes her own money and pays
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00049-00010752-00011006 for her own things thank you very much
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00050-00011007-00011110 okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00051-00011111-00011359 i like that miss independence lolo will
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00052-00011360-00011542 refuse to accept date gifts unless she
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00053-00011543-00011783 has at least 30 passion
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00054-00011784-00011878 okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00055-00011879-00012278 wow you're actually looking at my face
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00056-00012279-00012503 you must have something important to say
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00057-00012504-00012646 yeah exactly
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00058-00012647-00012846 uh sunday morning subject in high school
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00059-00012847-00013102 way to exercise
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00060-00013103-00013343 i don't know
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00061-00013344-00013607 way to exercise exercise
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00062-00013608-00013694 hun
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00063-00013695-00013943 i don't bother with any of that i just
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00064-00013944-00014327 smoked to stay thin
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00065-00014328-00014566 i i doubt that's how it works but okay i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00066-00014568-00014719 can't remember if i've asked you this
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00067-00014719-00015022 before so i'll just ask it shoot if you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00068-00015023-00015238 could have me at any age how old would
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00069-00015240-00015479 you want me to be
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00070-00015480-00015775 20. i like my girls fresh tight knife
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00071-00015776-00016038 jesus 40. if you ask me women age like a
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00072-00016040-00016279 fine wine 30. i prefer ladies with a bit
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00073-00016280-00016463 of experience
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00074-00016464-00016783 it's i would think like uh one of these
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00075-00016784-00016943 two would
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00076-00016944-00017135 um
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00077-00017136-00017279 gotcha oh
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00078-00017280-00017503 that's almost how old i am now you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00079-00017504-00017719 really think i'm still hot
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00080-00017720-00017837 uh
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00081-00017838-00017950 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00082-00017951-00018183 is that is that even a question [__] it
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00083-00018184-00018439 as long as you two sexy beasts are going
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00084-00018440-00018663 you can count me in let's make it happen
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00085-00018664-00018822 then is this where we went last time i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00086-00018823-00018983 don't remember i'm actually pretty good
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00087-00018984-00019255 at golf you know it's one of my many
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00088-00019256-00019447 hidden talents
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00089-00019448-00019758 oh yeah i remember you saying that line
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00090-00019759-00019950 okay so i need to find a passion match
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00091-00019951-00020071 for her
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00092-00020072-00020335 okay already there's a really good move
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00093-00020336-00020511 right here that i don't want to waste
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00094-00020512-00020743 let's switch up and then use this i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00095-00020744-00021039 haven't lost your touch you would bring
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00096-00021040-00021575 this on a date yeah it would oh my god
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00097-00021576-00021728 not this [__] again
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00098-00021729-00021975 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00099-00021976-00022247 [__] everything i guess you've been in
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00100-00022248-00022583 the doghouse long enough if you insist
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00101-00022584-00022950 how could i say no no i won't you go on
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00102-00022951-00023230 i need a smoke break that will not help
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00103-00023231-00023399 you gain your
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00104-00023400-00023703 stamina back i [__] messed up the
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00105-00023704-00024007 line but i don't care go easy on me i'm
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00106-00024008-00024311 no spring chicken if you insist
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00107-00024312-00024414 excellent
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00108-00024415-00024567 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00109-00024568-00024742 oh four moves left i haven't been paying
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00110-00024743-00024991 attention i couldn't
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00111-00024992-00025175 but i will
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00112-00025176-00025399 exactly
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00113-00025400-00025655 lost your side
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00114-00025656-00025967 you know me too well
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00115-00025968-00026214 time out i gotta hit the benches for a
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00116-00026216-00026399 minute
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00117-00026400-00026556 [__]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00118-00026557-00026807 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00119-00026808-00026918 oh
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00120-00026919-00027111 that's it okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00121-00027112-00027407 off to a good start i like it
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00122-00027408-00027702 you never cease to amaze me i mean i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00123-00027704-00027983 have too many times but thank you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00124-00027983-00028199 oh my god lola you know what this
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00125-00028200-00028367 reminds me of
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00126-00028368-00028518 do you remember that one time we got
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00127-00028519-00028662 drunk and made out with each other for
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00128-00028663-00028902 like 30 minutes
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00129-00028904-00029167 one time jesse we've made out at least
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00130-00029168-00029446 half a dozen times
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00131-00029447-00029687 how come i don't remember that because
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00132-00029688-00029974 you were always usually wasted
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00133-00029975-00030158 you start getting pretty handsy once
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00134-00030160-00030390 you're drunk oh really
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00135-00030391-00030567 i can't help it
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00136-00030568-00030807 you know alcohol makes me horny
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00137-00030808-00031046 how come you didn't stop me
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00138-00031047-00031358 uh well i don't know
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00139-00031360-00031535 maybe
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00140-00031536-00031846 maybe i didn't mind it so much
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00141-00031847-00032036 oh shut up you know you loved it
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00142-00032037-00032199 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00143-00032200-00032414 i really want this one to happen i was
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00144-00032416-00032590 wondering when i'd be seeing that sorry
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00145-00032591-00032887 excuse for a face again
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00146-00032888-00032990 yeah
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00147-00032991-00033190 hey where i come from you take what you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00148-00033191-00033439 can get exactly
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00149-00033440-00033623 let's swap this out and then let's give
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00150-00033624-00033887 this to you thanks money is kind of
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00151-00033888-00034199 tight so this helps a lot it's awesome
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00152-00034200-00034415 you've got something to say to me yeah i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00153-00034416-00034487 do
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00154-00034488-00034607 what's your favorite trait to have in a
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00155-00034608-00034831 partner kind of kind of weather a theme
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00156-00034832-00035023 park ride let's go with theme park ride
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00157-00035024-00035262 the only ride that gets my adrenaline
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00158-00035263-00035543 going anymore is that tower that like
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00159-00035544-00035767 drops you really fast
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00160-00035768-00036199 aha i got you okay okay so do that when
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00161-00036200-00036462 you're with suki what's up
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00162-00036463-00036599 uh what's your favorite trait to having
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00163-00036600-00036767 a partner a movie genre you know what
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00164-00036768-00037015 [__] he's gotta have a sense of humor if
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00165-00037016-00037207 i can't make my [__] up jokes it's
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00166-00037208-00037415 never gonna work
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00167-00037416-00037535 i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00168-00037536-00037639 frea
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00169-00037640-00037895 ashley is becoming more and more like my
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00170-00037896-00038246 favorite character here yes i am awesome
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00171-00038247-00038687 oh wait that wasn't your question nope
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00172-00038688-00038911 category porn theme park rides subject
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00173-00038912-00039111 in high school i think this was am i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00174-00039112-00039415 allowed to pick gym class because that's
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00175-00039416-00039655 probably the only class i didn't skip as
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00176-00039656-00039862 often as possible
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00177-00039863-00040087 i hear you on that one all right let's
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00178-00040088-00040374 go hey as long as you're paying
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00179-00040375-00040887 find another line to use
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00180-00040888-00041055 is this how you get all the girls to
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00181-00041056-00041159 fall for you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00182-00041160-00041374 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00183-00041375-00041815 some of them use this one damn well okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00184-00041816-00042083 and then that way it's so
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00185-00042084-00042399 easy you don't mess around do you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00186-00042400-00042735 it took literally nothing that's amazing
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00187-00042736-00042839 damn
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00188-00042840-00043207 well okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00189-00043208-00043590 oh i feel you all right all right for
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00190-00043591-00043774 real thanks
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00191-00043775-00043887 of course
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00192-00043888-00044262 oh thanks
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00193-00044263-00044399 oh wait i should have been giving these
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00194-00044400-00044702 to you shouldn't i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00195-00044703-00044871 hey okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00196-00044872-00045246 all right sometimes just sometimes
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00197-00045247-00045423 or is it all the time
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00198-00045424-00045558 i have a feeling it would be all the
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00199-00045559-00045743 time
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00200-00045744-00045902 but then again i really don't know
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00201-00045903-00046062 because i know i can be an [__]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00202-00046063-00046311 sometimes
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00203-00046312-00046535 honestly is the best policy right my
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00204-00046536-00047015 hero
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00205-00047016-00047415 you look tired i'll give you a break
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00206-00047416-00047718 sure i do okay okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00207-00047719-00048135 i see
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00208-00048136-00048518 wow you survived without me
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00209-00048519-00049007 just barely but we did it
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00210-00049008-00049279 oh come on
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00211-00049280-00049390 gotcha
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00212-00049391-00049511 all right
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00213-00049512-00049783 that's two never had any doubt
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00214-00049784-00050230 nah jk i was actually very doubtful
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00215-00050231-00050471 yeah i thought so
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00216-00050472-00050790 by the way dope kicks nora those are the
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00217-00050791-00050999 new additions right
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00218-00051000-00051230 shh i wish i had that kind of [__]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00219-00051232-00051519 money nah these are knockoffs
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00220-00051520-00051758 oh yeah you want the real deal i can get
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00221-00051759-00051902 you a pair
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00222-00051903-00052182 yo shut the [__] up for real don't be
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00223-00052183-00052366 playing with me like that
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00224-00052367-00052550 yeah i've done some modelling work for
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00225-00052551-00052663 them so
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00226-00052664-00052863 i know people over there
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00227-00052864-00053326 no [__] damn i thank you i owe you one
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00228-00053327-00053487 uh
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00229-00053488-00053782 ashley and don't mention it what are
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00230-00053783-00054030 friends for i scratch your [__] you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00231-00054032-00054238 scratch mine
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00232-00054239-00054471 okay what
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00233-00054472-00054703 i doubt that's the phrase i may have
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00234-00054704-00054982 gotten it wrong but like who knows don't
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00235-00054983-00055159 you just love how clear and bright the
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00236-00055160-00055503 stars look from the island oh yeah
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00237-00055504-00055711 i swear like every time i go to a spot
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00238-00055712-00055879 where there's a lot less light pollution
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00239-00055879-00056111 the first thing i do at night is i look
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00240-00056112-00056342 up and see as many stars as i can wait
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00241-00056344-00056397 what
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00242-00056398-00056799 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00243-00056800-00057079 that's next okay what
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00244-00057079-00057350 just because i'm little doesn't mean i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00245-00057351-00057482 don't like to
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00246-00057483-00057838 eat um so like i have a question what is
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00247-00057839-00058150 your question
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00248-00058151-00058694 which one are you like most guilty of
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00249-00058695-00058903 lust i mean this is me we're talking
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00250-00058904-00059079 about wrath because i don't take [__]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00251-00059079-00059279 from anyone pride after all i am
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00252-00059279-00059663 supremely perfect hell no this one
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00253-00059664-00059807 figures
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00254-00059808-00060063 oh shut up don't act like that isn't you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00255-00060064-00060311 after you [__] your cousin if it
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00256-00060312-00060526 wasn't for this kind of food i'd
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00257-00060527-00060782 definitely be gone by now all right
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00258-00060783-00060975 let's talk about supposed to like ask
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00259-00060976-00061175 you something yeah
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00260-00061176-00061254 okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00261-00061255-00061463 okay what do you think i should do for
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00262-00061464-00061694 my next tattoo
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00263-00061695-00061959 hmm a long snake going down your arm she
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00264-00061960-00062150 does like snakes she says she has a pet
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00265-00062151-00062463 snake a spooky poem on your ankle a big
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00266-00062464-00062671 butterfly in your snake
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00267-00062672-00063030 that's cool i guess are you serious
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00268-00063032-00063182 man i thought for sure it was gonna work
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00269-00063183-00063382 yeah
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00270-00063383-00063591 uh what is your favorite outdoor
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00271-00063591-00063847 activity thing to drink theme park ride
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00272-00063848-00064119 considering i get a star brand like a
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00273-00064120-00064319 million times a day
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00274-00064320-00064482 i'm gonna go with
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00275-00064483-00064694 tea wow
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00276-00064695-00064942 who knew we had such similar tastes all
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00277-00064944-00065142 right let's go as long as i don't have
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00278-00065144-00065375 to like do anything
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00279-00065376-00065567 then i'll go that's awesome trying to
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00280-00065568-00065806 pop my shoulders
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00281-00065807-00065950 that was my elbow
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00282-00065951-00066175 i can't drown myself and water this
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00283-00066176-00066367 shallow
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00284-00066368-00066481 oh well
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00285-00066482-00066623 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00286-00066624-00066806 i'd be impressed if you could drown
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00287-00066807-00066959 yourself
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00288-00066960-00067247 good job
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00289-00067248-00067479 that's amazing
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00290-00067480-00067782 stupid [__] asthma now i can swap
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00291-00067783-00068071 these minus four where is it
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00292-00068072-00068215 why are you like
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00293-00068216-00068282 nice
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00294-00068283-00068447 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00295-00068448-00068735 yeah okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00296-00068736-00069167 passion token stamina this one
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00297-00069168-00069415 what's with the gifts i feel like giving
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00298-00069416-00069606 them to you is that such a problem it's
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00299-00069607-00069975 incredible she went up top
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00300-00069976-00070464 fine
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00301-00070465-00071015 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00302-00071016-00071231 oh my god don't tell me that i just
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00303-00071232-00071711 [__] this up oh
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00304-00071712-00072031 unfortunately
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00305-00072032-00072191 actually it's really fortunate for the
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00306-00072192-00072303 rest of us
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00307-00072304-00072662 we actually really love having you here
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00308-00072663-00073023 god i can't even breathe right with nine
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00309-00073024-00073294 moves left we crushed that one all right
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00310-00073295-00073399 okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00311-00073400-00073679 fine i had an okay time all right
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00312-00073680-00073879 just don't expect me to like
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00313-00073880-00074079 smile
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00314-00074080-00074311 oh come on
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00315-00074312-00074503 okay yeah cool whatever but it would
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00316-00074504-00074799 have been much better if i had a mojito
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00317-00074800-00074999 in my hand
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00318-00075000-00075111 um
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00319-00075112-00075367 i could get in so much trouble
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00320-00075368-00075471 but
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00321-00075472-00075679 maybe i can forget about that id you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00322-00075680-00075911 showed me oh really wait
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00323-00075912-00076038 really
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00324-00076039-00076303 okay that's like [__] cool
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00325-00076304-00076550 you're kind of like awesome
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00326-00076551-00076711 all right
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00327-00076712-00076919 if you say you're old enough to drink
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00328-00076920-00077119 well i guess i'll just have to believe
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00329-00077120-00077238 you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00330-00077239-00077543 yeah well you know
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00331-00077544-00077726 that's not like
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00332-00077727-00078471 the only thing i'm old enough to do
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00333-00078472-00078759 all right let's get one more i yeah i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00334-00078760-00079031 need to see this i need to see this
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00335-00079032-00079231 is this like
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00336-00079232-00079406 sugar baby thing that she was talking
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00337-00079407-00079711 about sarah stevens i sent you a text
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00338-00079712-00079926 hours ago where have you been sarah
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00339-00079927-00080247 stevens okay hi mrs bell rose sorry i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00340-00080248-00080559 forgot that i put my phone on silent
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00341-00080560-00080679 well dear
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00342-00080680-00080838 i'm not paying you to run around the
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00343-00080839-00081150 island ignoring my texts am i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00344-00081151-00081279 no
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00345-00081280-00081575 sorry
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00346-00081576-00081711 honestly
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00347-00081712-00081943 sometimes i question why i continue to
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00348-00081944-00082494 tolerate your behavior
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00349-00082495-00082599 yep
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00350-00082600-00082999 she's definitely her sugar baby
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00351-00083000-00083350 that is super duper pooper delish
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00352-00083351-00083455 okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00353-00083456-00083806 why did you say it like that
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00354-00083807-00084082 let's
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00355-00084083-00084326 see that was
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00356-00084327-00084599 that one was strong what the [__] okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00357-00084600-00084926 uh i forgot what i was gonna ask you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00358-00084927-00085182 oh wait now i remember that's good do
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00359-00085183-00085399 you have any cavities
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00360-00085400-00085526 uh
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00361-00085527-00085623 no
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00362-00085624-00085831 i actually don't oh yeah you kidding my
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00363-00085832-00085991 mouth is a train wreck i might have one
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00364-00085992-00086135 or two i've been meaning to see a
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00365-00086136-00086311 dentist no cavities here my teeth are
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00366-00086312-00086567 perfectly healthy let's see this one oh
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00367-00086568-00086903 okay i was just wondering
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00368-00086904-00087071 how many do you have that's what i'm
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00369-00087072-00087167 wondering
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00370-00087168-00087455 sometimes my friends say i'm annoying
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00371-00087456-00087599 but i'm not
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00372-00087600-00088023 you don't think i'm annoying do you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00373-00088024-00088271 you annoying no way why would anyone say
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00374-00088272-00088462 that you're kind of annoying but your
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00375-00088463-00088759 tits make up for it god damn it you're
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00376-00088760-00088926 probably the most annoying person i've
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00377-00088927-00089031 ever met
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00378-00089032-00089118 uh
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00379-00089119-00089343 i'm tempted to use this one just for the
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00380-00089344-00089416 jokes but
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00381-00089417-00089679 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00382-00089680-00089862 for the jokes
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00383-00089863-00090191 quit joking around you big meeny head
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00384-00090192-00090431 i'm not annoying
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00385-00090432-00090943 i'm not i'm not i'm not
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00386-00090944-00091279 annoying as [__] there's a 15 chance
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00387-00091280-00091423 that sarah will leave behind a broken
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00388-00091424-00091615 heart token whenever a match is directed
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00389-00091616-00091806 at her that is
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00390-00091807-00091950 yeah you're right that is annoying as
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00391-00091951-00092094 [__] okay
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00392-00092095-00092399 i feel like i can talk to you about this
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00393-00092400-00092687 seeing as we're both in one do you know
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00394-00092688-00093143 why i prefer to have sugar relationships
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00395-00093144-00093335 i don't know why because you can get
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00396-00093336-00093518 people way younger than you because
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00397-00093519-00093767 you're guaranteed to get laid it's one
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00398-00093768-00093967 of these two
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00399-00093968-00094199 well there's that part of it
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00400-00094200-00094431 but there's another reason really it's
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00401-00094432-00094647 the simple transactional nature of it
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00402-00094648-00094799 that attracts me
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00403-00094800-00095047 i pay and i get what i want
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00404-00095048-00095206 you don't have to worry about getting
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00405-00095207-00095382 tied up in any of that
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00406-00095383-00095735 emotional nonsense
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00407-00095736-00096015 unsentimental brooks on sentimentality
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00408-00096016-00096199 will do reduce the amount of sentiment
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00409-00096200-00096406 tokens that fall by 20 for the duration
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00410-00096407-00096750 of the date okay looks like we need to
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00411-00096751-00097047 use a date gift to fix that give me some
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00412-00097048-00097223 good conversation
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00413-00097224-00097606 my husband is such a board to talk to
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00414-00097607-00097815 movie genre theme park ride outdoor
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00415-00097816-00098055 activity whoa boy
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00416-00098056-00098262 outdoor activity i'm not what you'd call
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00417-00098263-00098350 an
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00418-00098351-00098543 activity person
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00419-00098544-00098774 i prefer to just lay out in the sun
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00420-00098775-00099023 while the kids run around
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00421-00099024-00099343 okay so that's what i would ask when you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00422-00099344-00099711 are with jesse hey hey i have a question
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00423-00099712-00100111 sure do you like chubby girls
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00424-00100112-00100287 you're saying that because of you i tend
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00425-00100288-00100431 to think girls are prettiest when they
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00426-00100432-00100623 are thin a little chub can be cute but
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00427-00100624-00100791 there's a limit the bigger the better i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00428-00100792-00100894 always say
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00429-00100895-00101255 uh i'm gonna be honest okay good cause
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00430-00101256-00101591 um i tried to lose weight a couple times
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00431-00101592-00101959 but it's way too hard
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00432-00101960-00102174 yeah i'm also trying to lose a bit but
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00433-00102175-00102439 yeah it's it's difficult
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00434-00102440-00102575 nope
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00435-00102576-00102902 just kidding
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00436-00102903-00103199 massage spa let's go
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00437-00103200-00103366 energy drinks
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00438-00103367-00103599 i didn't know we were gonna relax i had
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00439-00103600-00103766 three energy drinks
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00440-00103767-00103910 that actually reminds me i'm gonna go
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00441-00103911-00104286 grab a monster real quick good boy
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00442-00104288-00104463 thank you mommy you know what now that
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00443-00104464-00104639 i'm thinking about it how the hell are
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00444-00104640-00104839 you able to drink three energy drinks in
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00445-00104840-00104999 one sitting
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00446-00105000-00105190 that sounds disgusting like as much as i
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00447-00105191-00105375 love monster i don't think i could have
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00448-00105376-00105647 more than like one like
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00449-00105648-00106327 what my big old butt
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00450-00106328-00106495 all right so she's gonna do that
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00451-00106496-00106671 whenever um
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00452-00106672-00106847 she drops a
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00453-00106848-00107054 one of those tokens that's at least
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00454-00107055-00107231 helpful to know
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00455-00107232-00107358 practically
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00456-00107359-00107534 what else you got
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00457-00107535-00107878 i got one more thing for you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00458-00107879-00108086 wasn't paying attention
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00459-00108088-00108327 [__] [__] i'm all done being mad at
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00460-00108328-00108423 you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00461-00108424-00108807 thank you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00462-00108808-00108975 i mean this would be helpful
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00463-00108976-00109682 i can give this to you good boy
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00464-00109683-00109983 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00465-00109983-00110627 what's this i think you know
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00466-00110628-00111431 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00467-00111432-00111710 three moves left
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00468-00111711-00111983 there isn't really much left to do
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00469-00111983-00112083 come on
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00470-00112083-00112295 oh oh
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00471-00112296-00112599 that's scary oh wait
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00472-00112600-00112758 yes
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00473-00112759-00113134 get it that's four all right i did it
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00474-00113135-00113390 i'm pretty good at dating huh
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00475-00113391-00113543 yeah cause you definitely did all the
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00476-00113544-00113695 work
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00477-00113696-00113951 mrs bell rose can i have my monthly
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00478-00113952-00114310 allowance now please
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00479-00114311-00114710 when i feel you've earned it sarah
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00480-00114711-00115086 but but i've been good how do i earn it
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00481-00115088-00115231 huh huh
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00482-00115232-00115407 oh don't worry
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00483-00115408-00115718 i'll think of something
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00484-00115719-00115895 [Laughter]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00485-00115896-00116151 oh man the sugar baby [__]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00486-00116152-00116295 all right
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00487-00116296-00116527 well we got a lot more to do thank you
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00488-00116528-00116663 all so much for watching if you like
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00489-00116664-00116847 this video smash that like button
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00490-00116848-00117007 subscribe to join the legion and i will
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00491-00117008-00117715 see y'all in the next video
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00492-00117716-00118590 [Music]
+u-yEAU7pmd0-00493-00118591-00118800 you
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00000-00000568-00001247 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00001-00001248-00001383 and um
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00002-00001384-00001679 we are now going to we're very excited
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00003-00001680-00001798 because
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00004-00001800-00001934 we haven't been there but we've really
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00005-00001935-00002199 wanted to be there god go there
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00006-00002200-00002502 go where to be
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00007-00002503-00002671 so that's where we're going to murray is
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00008-00002672-00002966 about three and a half hours away
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00009-00002967-00003319 or take we're only going for four days
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00010-00003320-00003631 yes
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00011-00003632-00003911 we're gonna stay at a cute little lodge
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00012-00003911-00003967 called
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00013-00003968-00004415 red bay lodge yes and
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00014-00004416-00004679 we have our own little cabin we brought
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00015-00004680-00004927 the little pup with us
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00016-00004928-00005406 tell everyone hi kaya hi kaya
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00017-00005407-00005711 but why is it exciting like what
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00018-00005712-00005991 supposed about topo a very beautiful
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00019-00005992-00006118 scenic
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00020-00006119-00006463 place um beautiful water
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00021-00006464-00006751 cliffs cliffs and caves yeah it's got
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00022-00006752-00006895 like crystal clear water
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00023-00006895-00007014 and then they have some things called
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00024-00007015-00007198 like flower pots which are just the
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00025-00007200-00007375 water it's broken down over time and
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00026-00007376-00007446 like
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00027-00007447-00007710 the rock fixtures are like balancing
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00028-00007711-00007839 anyways they're very neat i'm sure we're
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00029-00007840-00007974 going to show you that and then the cave
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00030-00007975-00008087 she's talking about there's a place
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00031-00008088-00008134 called
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00032-00008136-00008407 the grotto that has like a cave with the
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00033-00008408-00008574 water in it that you can go swimming and
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00034-00008575-00008719 stuff so
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00035-00008720-00008895 but it's like crystal clear water
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00036-00008896-00009142 there's also a sunken ship so you can
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00037-00009143-00009206 like
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00038-00009207-00009399 snorkel and stuff if you wanted it's
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00039-00009400-00009535 just gonna be nice to leave
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00040-00009536-00009871 the city for a while yes yeah
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00041-00009872-00010159 to explore someone we've never been um
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00042-00010160-00010319 you will see a dude
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00043-00010320-00010599 in our video his name is adam he is our
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00044-00010600-00010687 best friend
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00045-00010688-00011031 and he's always celebrated my birthday
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00046-00011032-00011206 with me except last year because of the
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00047-00011207-00011319 pandemic
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00048-00011320-00011471 so this year he's going to celebrate
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00049-00011472-00011670 with us again yes
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00050-00011671-00012023 me it's all about me it is all about you
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00051-00012024-00012231 it's your birthday thank you because i'm
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00052-00012232-00012683 wearing an overall it's so adorable
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00053-00012684-00012821 candy
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00054-00012822-00014083 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00055-00014084-00014218 so
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00056-00014219-00015471 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00057-00015472-00017791 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00058-00017792-00018094 hello
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00059-00018095-00018511 it's a little chilly
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00060-00018512-00018719 you're true canadian you need a little
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00061-00018720-00018845 more insulation in your body
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00062-00018846-00019255 [Laughter]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00063-00019256-00019567 we're going to the beach now
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00064-00019568-00019727 we're not going to swim we're just going
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00065-00019728-00021369 to go check out the beach
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00066-00021370-00022656 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00067-00022657-00024927 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00068-00024928-00025367 hi hi what'd you do
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00069-00025368-00025646 drinking coffee what are we doing today
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00070-00025647-00025846 we're going to turbo morning
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00071-00025847-00026118 aren't we until february we're right
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00072-00026119-00026262 outside of tokyo morning
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00073-00026263-00026623 what are you doing today i have no idea
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00074-00026624-00026943 whatever we want to do
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00075-00026944-00027495 bye what are we doing today kaya
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00076-00027495-00027647 what are we doing today
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00077-00027648-00027846 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00078-00027847-00028407 um okay good chat
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00079-00028408-00028687 hello hola is my dog what are we doing
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00080-00028688-00028855 today
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00081-00028856-00029189 i'm imprinting our face with our pillows
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00082-00029189-00029414 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00083-00029416-00029839 okay then well i'm going to do something
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00084-00029839-00029918 today
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00085-00029919-00030246 just saying something not sure what it
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00086-00030247-00030302 is
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00087-00030303-00031258 but something
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00088-00031258-00033359 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00089-00033360-00033759 i'm gonna head to the
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00090-00033760-00036487 is beach 20 minutes we shall see
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00091-00036488-00037150 the
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00092-00037151-00037455 [Laughter]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00093-00037456-00037662 i'm not silly i don't want to go into
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00094-00037663-00037783 this very cold water
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00095-00037784-00037983 so uh we're gonna see the two of them
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00096-00037984-00038111 maybe they're gonna jump in
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00097-00038112-00038271 maybe with the dog i don't know they'll
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00098-00038272-00038518 be quite crazy
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00099-00038519-00038815 we're smart are we the two of us we're
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00100-00038816-00039351 smart aren't we
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00101-00039352-00039727 ready one two
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00102-00039728-00040799 go oh
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00103-00040800-00042055 don't want it i lost myself
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00104-00042056-00043623 let's go
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00106-00047056-00049083 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00107-00049084-00050174 oh
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00108-00050175-00051882 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00109-00051883-00052326 foreign
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00110-00052327-00052711 hey guys hey guys
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00111-00052712-00053454 hello who are you talking to today is
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00112-00053455-00053630 my birthday why are you both not paying
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00113-00053632-00053988 attention to me
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00114-00053989-00054247 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00115-00054248-00054559 um where are you taking me okay there's
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00116-00054560-00054623 a little link
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00117-00054624-00054735 here that defeats the purpose of
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00118-00054736-00054926 kidnapping if we tell you yeah
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00119-00054927-00055254 yeah i think this is the parking
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00120-00055255-00055454 i'm gonna take my sweater off cause i
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00121-00055455-00056082 don't need it in the car
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00122-00056083-00056596 um
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00123-00056597-00059582 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00124-00059583-00059894 today's goal is not to get bitten by a
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00125-00059895-00060030 rattlesnake okay
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00126-00060032-00060326 okay okay that looks good look on you i
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00127-00060327-00060366 know
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00128-00060367-00061126 i'm look i look good as a redhead wait
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00129-00061127-00061479 it's not bad actually what are the rules
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00130-00061479-00061687 if we see a snake
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00131-00061688-00062094 um scream and run
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00132-00062095-00062391 i mean it's not the worst rule what if a
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00133-00062391-00062447 snake
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00134-00062448-00062750 comes towards you it won't what if it
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00135-00062751-00062959 starts to rattle
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00136-00062960-00063094 then it's warning you that means you
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00137-00063095-00063319 need to leave it alone okay so
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00138-00063320-00063542 so don't pick it up don't pick it up
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00139-00063544-00063742 okay peed up to me
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00140-00063744-00064079 don't don't kick pick up
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00141-00064079-00064438 up the snake snake pick up the snake no
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00142-00064439-00064707 that's not what i said
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00143-00064708-00067068 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00144-00067069-00069139 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00145-00069140-00071559 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00146-00071560-00071823 i am here at the grotto until the
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00147-00071824-00071935 morning
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00148-00071936-00072206 i wish it was a very very good day and
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00149-00072207-00072359 then i would my baking soda
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00150-00072360-00072615 probably in the water yes i will go into
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00151-00072616-00072823 that crazy crazy water
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00152-00072824-00073750 for the last name
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00153-00073751-00074055 that's so cool
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00154-00074056-00074438 look up oh that's me
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00155-00074439-00074799 this place is so beautiful
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00156-00074800-00075015 it's very windy today i can't tell i
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00157-00075016-00075975 love it
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00158-00075976-00076294 so what happened adam
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00159-00076295-00076575 nothing happened we did nothing we were
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00160-00076576-00076703 supposed to have dinner
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00161-00076704-00077055 at the lodge restaurant at the brewery
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00162-00077056-00077311 at the well one the breweries they ran
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00163-00077312-00077391 out of food
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00164-00077392-00077791 so they closed yeah so then we decided
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00165-00077792-00077887 to
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00166-00077888-00078023 come back to the lodge and have dinner
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00167-00078024-00078182 at the restaurant because you know we
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00168-00078183-00078375 each get an entree free it's covered and
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00169-00078376-00078511 then we can just eat all the amazing
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00170-00078512-00078599 food here
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00171-00078600-00078782 because they are world famous fish and
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00172-00078783-00078950 chips but then what happened
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00173-00078951-00079223 but they sold out of those too what else
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00174-00079224-00079359 did they sell out
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00175-00079360-00079903 onion rings onion rings those are gone
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00176-00079904-00080247 and then what else it's um like 11
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00177-00080248-00080343 degrees outside
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00178-00080344-00080694 and windy which means it's cold af
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00179-00080695-00080926 and because it is the end of june and
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00180-00080927-00081062 should be summertime
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00181-00081063-00081262 none of us have appropriate weather for
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00182-00081263-00081406 cold af
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00183-00081407-00081606 appropriate clothes for the weather i
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00184-00081607-00081726 have appropriate that was the
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00185-00081727-00082015 better way of saying that we attempted
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00186-00082016-00082223 it's not that cold
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00187-00082224-00082526 windy it's cold cold
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00188-00082527-00082855 it's cold it's very cold so we decided
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00189-00082856-00082894 to
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00190-00082895-00083079 order takeout from the restaurant and
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00191-00083080-00083215 eat in our lodge
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00192-00083216-00083606 our cabin because why not it's warm here
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00193-00083607-00083823 it's comfortable there's privacy we
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00194-00083824-00083935 order
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00195-00083936-00084231 okay we ordered one uh cheeseburger
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00196-00084232-00084375 bacon cheeseburger
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00197-00084376-00084575 we also ordered uh with the upgraded
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00198-00084576-00084711 poutine
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00199-00084712-00085015 poutine we haven't eaten greek salad we
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00200-00085016-00085062 have a
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00201-00085063-00085382 sunset stuff right we shall see
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00202-00085383-00085735 we have a pound of wings garlic bread
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00203-00085736-00085926 with cheese a caesar salad
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00204-00085927-00086287 with ketchup no no no um
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00205-00086288-00086615 it's like a grilled cheese french fries
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00206-00086616-00086935 gin and tonic seasoning coke and a hell
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00207-00086936-00087103 of booze
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00208-00087104-00087375 in the cabin okay we have booths yes we
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00209-00087376-00087487 have our own booze
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00210-00087488-00087743 so sponsor salad and we have plenty of
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00211-00087744-00087894 snacks too because we went to the sweet
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00212-00087895-00087975 shop
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00213-00087976-00088191 sweet shop yeah and i'm gonna open your
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00214-00088192-00088335 surprise i'm gonna do it with the right
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00215-00088336-00088535 side okay okay bye
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00216-00088536-00088735 and i got a surprise that is the only
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00217-00088736-00088887 present i get to open today because
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00218-00088888-00089079 kimberly didn't buy me a present
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00219-00089080-00089238 today i bought you the whole bag of
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00220-00089239-00089415 sweet shops oh yeah oh
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00221-00089416-00089726 oh oh make some amazing yeah you can
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00222-00089727-00089935 scratch and win a million dollars on
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00223-00089936-00090247 we also have a butt load of
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00224-00090248-00090582 give you like assorted taffys
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00225-00090583-00090935 we have rainbow nerds appropriate
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00226-00090936-00091238 for pride gummy nerds
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00227-00091239-00091431 appropriate which you have never had
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00228-00091432-00091543 before nope
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00229-00091544-00091855 brittle which is delicious salted burger
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00230-00091856-00091967 pecan
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00231-00091968-00092382 chocolate peanut butter fudge
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00232-00092383-00092823 turtles in the tub fudge
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00233-00092824-00093167 cookies and cream some really
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00234-00093168-00093350 interesting mentos
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00235-00093351-00093582 i think it's like strawberry mixture i
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00236-00093583-00093694 don't know what it is
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00237-00093695-00093999 your cute little sour punch
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00238-00094000-00094182 grape thingy that i'm fruit punch
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00239-00094183-00094391 tantrum and lemon
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00240-00094392-00094879 i'm both excited about this
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00241-00094880-00095382 popeyes tasty candy sticks ready
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00242-00095383-00096682 the surprise package
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00243-00096683-00097455 pokemon
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00244-00097456-00097855 okay show each one oh so there is
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00245-00097856-00098159 caramel corn caramel corn turn it so you
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00246-00098160-00098262 can see the corner
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00247-00098263-00098543 that's the that's the exciting part okay
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00248-00098544-00098679 pop rocks
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00249-00098680-00099055 what flavor blue rasp
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00250-00099056-00099271 i was hoping that they would give me
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00251-00099272-00099543 this
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00252-00099544-00099918 airheads orange
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00253-00099919-00100287 unicorn okay is that like a marshmallow
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00254-00100288-00100374 or a lollipop
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00255-00100375-00100806 is it a lollipop okay toy
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00256-00100807-00101118 what the heck is it it's just a it's a
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00257-00101119-00102191 balloon dog yes
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00258-00102192-00102494 we have a sea creature
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00259-00102495-00102766 and two taffy's ooh what flavor taffy's
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00260-00102767-00102910 who knows
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00261-00102911-00103182 this one's beer i think so or salted
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00262-00103183-00103358 caramel and this one was
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00263-00103359-00103531 the banana split banana
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00264-00103532-00103671 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00265-00103672-00103910 now you can go into the tuffy bag
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00266-00103911-00104806 presents thank you
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00267-00104807-00105127 after some massive ordeal of getting our
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00268-00105128-00105199 food
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00269-00105200-00105558 after two hours from the ordering time
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00270-00105559-00105839 um there's no nighttime time to record
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00271-00105840-00106166 must eat faster
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00272-00106167-00106527 um it's pretty underwhelming
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00273-00106528-00106839 but um here's food except kim's because
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00274-00106840-00106999 she specifically asked for nobel prize
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00275-00107000-00107143 to go oh there's no bell pepper and
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00276-00107144-00107286 greek salad but give you bell pepper
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00277-00107288-00107551 anyway and greek salad
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00278-00107552-00107878 okay well this is the food i mean that's
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00279-00107879-00108078 some kind of noodles
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00280-00108079-00108447 veggie sticks this is the greek salad
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00281-00108448-00108671 with bell pepper
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00282-00108672-00108975 a half eaten caesar salad
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00283-00108976-00109295 cheesy bread fries chicken wing chicken
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00284-00109296-00109502 wing hot dogs and baloney
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00285-00109503-00109823 very messy burger and poutine and again
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00286-00109824-00110390 you know thing that's it
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00287-00110391-00110758 good morning it's not as cold today
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00288-00110759-00111007 but it's also because there's sun it was
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00289-00111008-00111190 freezing yesterday
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00290-00111191-00111527 however we are going home
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00291-00111528-00111871 today yeah this is the end of
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00292-00111872-00112492 our road trip i got a wiener dog
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00293-00112493-00112766 [Laughter]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00294-00112767-00113039 did you enjoy yourself i did yes what
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00295-00113040-00113166 was your favorite part of
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00296-00113167-00113407 the trip the morning breakfast in the
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00297-00113408-00113527 sun
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00298-00113528-00113790 and the grotto okay that's kind of like
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00299-00113791-00113966 you don't like the grotto
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00300-00113967-00114215 oh we come 30 well yeah i mean grotto
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00301-00114216-00114358 was pretty epic that's pretty true
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00302-00114359-00114447 that's true
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00303-00114448-00114654 i mean i i will i will let them take
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00304-00114655-00114775 that i'll bow down to that
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00305-00114776-00115039 exactly uh what what part did you hate
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00306-00115040-00115271 most
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00307-00115272-00115583 last night but not being able to eat
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00308-00115583-00115654 until
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00309-00115655-00115983 eight thirty eight thirty yeah well i
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00310-00115983-00116134 love you
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00311-00116135-00116343 and i'm so happy you came to celebrate
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00312-00116344-00116519 my birthday with me happy birthday
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00313-00116520-00116871 hi everybody have a birthday i can't
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00314-00116872-00117327 say topamuri is gorgeous you should
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00315-00117328-00117375 visit
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00316-00117376-00117551 at any point in time that you ever visit
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00317-00117552-00117719 ontario what was your favorite part of
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00318-00117720-00117847 the trip
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00319-00117848-00118166 the ketchup on the car
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00320-00118167-00118278 my favorite part of the trip was
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00321-00118279-00118439 spending time with two of my favorite
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00322-00118440-00118734 people
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00323-00118735-00118958 cringe was the part that you hated most
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00324-00118959-00119310 about the trip dinner last night was a
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00325-00119311-00119573 brutal beast
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00326-00119574-00119734 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00327-00119735-00119999 but i didn't hate it it was just it was
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00328-00120000-00120063 inconvenient
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00329-00120064-00120358 i mean it was salad with peppers italian
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00330-00120359-00120678 dressing was fantastic
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00331-00120679-00120895 i mean we were so sorry at least we had
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00332-00120896-00121086 food options
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00333-00121088-00121407 oh you think you're smart ah
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00334-00121408-00122026 i can't do bang boys
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00335-00122027-00122614 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00336-00122615-00122927 you got to give me all your money i want
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00337-00122928-00123599 the money give me the money
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00338-00123600-00123838 it's time to say goodbye
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00339-00123839-00124383 [Music]
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00340-00124383-00124743 sad faces
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00341-00124744-00125166 thanks for spending my birthday with me
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00342-00125167-00125534 thanks for watching everybody yay
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00343-00125535-00125695 i'll see if we've got a next trip
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00344-00125696-00125886 planning we do but we'll tell you but
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00345-00125888-00126519 okay bye
+u_9Tdt_yoZE-00346-00126520-00127064 don't tell me what to do
+u_Z33aJOqty-00000-00000017-00000281 okay cool hey everybody uh you're here
+u_Z33aJOqty-00001-00000282-00000587 because you are interested in learning
+u_Z33aJOqty-00002-00000588-00000773 the helm code base for various reasons
+u_Z33aJOqty-00003-00000774-00001031 hopefully part of it is to help review
+u_Z33aJOqty-00004-00001032-00001211 pull requests so that you can get the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00005-00001212-00001445 features that you want into Helm that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00006-00001446-00001612 are already in open pull requests and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00007-00001613-00001768 they're probably about
+u_Z33aJOqty-00008-00001769-00002032 there are probably about 300 of the 300
+u_Z33aJOqty-00009-00002034-00002375 something now so so we appreciate uh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00010-00002376-00002609 your interest and your help so I'm Scott
+u_Z33aJOqty-00011-00002610-00002752 Rigby
+u_Z33aJOqty-00012-00002753-00003071 um I am a developer Advocate currently
+u_Z33aJOqty-00013-00003072-00003383 working nowhere and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00014-00003384-00003520 um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00015-00003521-00003809 I I'm a hill maintainer I have been
+u_Z33aJOqty-00016-00003810-00004138 since 2016 or so
+u_Z33aJOqty-00017-00004139-00004343 um when I really started working with
+u_Z33aJOqty-00018-00004344-00004499 the charts repo if any of you remember
+u_Z33aJOqty-00019-00004500-00004709 the stable incubator charts repos that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00020-00004710-00004835 was really a big part of what I
+u_Z33aJOqty-00021-00004836-00004979 initially did
+u_Z33aJOqty-00022-00004980-00005170 um but you know involved in various
+u_Z33aJOqty-00023-00005171-00005452 levels of Helm and uh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00024-00005453-00005783 yeah I'm current angel I'm one of the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00025-00005784-00006047 helm web maintainers
+u_Z33aJOqty-00026-00006048-00006113 um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00027-00006114-00006377 been involved for a couple of years now
+u_Z33aJOqty-00028-00006378-00006545 I don't know time time is a weird
+u_Z33aJOqty-00029-00006545-00006742 construct right now
+u_Z33aJOqty-00030-00006743-00006970 um and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00031-00006972-00007139 point of this time I currently work for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00032-00007140-00007517 red hat and Andy yeah hey everyone Andy
+u_Z33aJOqty-00033-00007518-00007660 block a distinguished architect at Red
+u_Z33aJOqty-00034-00007661-00007841 Hat all with Karina
+u_Z33aJOqty-00035-00007842-00008081 um I have been a chart maintainer for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00036-00008081-00008278 about for a year been in the Care
+u_Z33aJOqty-00037-00008279-00008537 Community for a few years my focus in
+u_Z33aJOqty-00038-00008538-00008842 the project is enhancing and improving
+u_Z33aJOqty-00039-00008843-00009119 oci integration so using
+u_Z33aJOqty-00040-00009120-00009377 oci and storing charts within oci
+u_Z33aJOqty-00041-00009378-00009641 Registries is my primary focus as well
+u_Z33aJOqty-00042-00009642-00009781 as every as well as this General
+u_Z33aJOqty-00043-00009782-00010049 contribution to the project
+u_Z33aJOqty-00044-00010050-00010223 I do want to quickly point out that we
+u_Z33aJOqty-00045-00010224-00010499 have two other maintainers that I can
+u_Z33aJOqty-00046-00010500-00010691 see right now they're in the front row
+u_Z33aJOqty-00047-00010692-00010924 so if you have more questions you can
+u_Z33aJOqty-00048-00010925-00011195 find them later too
+u_Z33aJOqty-00049-00011196-00011431 well she just threw under the bus
+u_Z33aJOqty-00050-00011432-00011681 and Martin if you don't know Martin he
+u_Z33aJOqty-00051-00011682-00011927 was a huge influence on the three to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00052-00011928-00012245 four of migration
+u_Z33aJOqty-00053-00012246-00012610 two to three sorry yeah
+u_Z33aJOqty-00054-00012611-00012833 yeah so um so we're gonna start with it
+u_Z33aJOqty-00055-00012834-00013096 this is just the agenda for today
+u_Z33aJOqty-00056-00013097-00013283 um most of this we're going to go rather
+u_Z33aJOqty-00057-00013284-00013438 quickly through and we're going to focus
+u_Z33aJOqty-00058-00013440-00013733 most of our time on um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00059-00013734-00013907 on exploring the helm code based on
+u_Z33aJOqty-00060-00013908-00014129 depth but it's important to like set up
+u_Z33aJOqty-00061-00014130-00014285 a few of these things a bit and then
+u_Z33aJOqty-00062-00014286-00014488 kind of like help say well then what do
+u_Z33aJOqty-00063-00014490-00014621 you do next um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00064-00014622-00014843 so
+u_Z33aJOqty-00065-00014844-00015316 yeah so uh so what is Helm so Helm is a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00066-00015318-00015485 package manager it sounds like okay
+u_Z33aJOqty-00067-00015486-00015749 every who doesn't wait who who knows
+u_Z33aJOqty-00068-00015750-00016043 what Helm is and who uses Helm already
+u_Z33aJOqty-00069-00016044-00016199 okay when you come to an event like
+u_Z33aJOqty-00070-00016200-00016415 kubecon you never know who's going to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00071-00016416-00016571 show up it might be their first foray
+u_Z33aJOqty-00072-00016572-00016786 into kubernetes let's go ahead and let's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00073-00016787-00016979 start with The Primitives exactly who
+u_Z33aJOqty-00074-00016980-00017279 here has not heard or used Helm raise
+u_Z33aJOqty-00075-00017280-00017458 your hand
+u_Z33aJOqty-00076-00017459-00017717 okay so for the people that are are
+u_Z33aJOqty-00077-00017718-00018022 watching this recording later just be
+u_Z33aJOqty-00078-00018023-00018179 really short about it he'll miss a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00079-00018180-00018455 package manager for kubernetes it helps
+u_Z33aJOqty-00080-00018456-00018677 primarily package applications and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00081-00018678-00018886 allows you to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00082-00018887-00019079 deploy those and it has other lots of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00083-00019080-00019307 Handy features that allows you to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00084-00019308-00019493 basically work with the entire life
+u_Z33aJOqty-00085-00019494-00019699 cycle of an application in kubernetes
+u_Z33aJOqty-00086-00019700-00020069 but yeah it's also like it really is a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00087-00020070-00020250 great way to share
+u_Z33aJOqty-00088-00020251-00020591 and people come to helm for different
+u_Z33aJOqty-00089-00020592-00020872 reasons but um you know one of the one
+u_Z33aJOqty-00090-00020873-00021053 of the reasons that folks come to helm
+u_Z33aJOqty-00091-00021054-00021322 is to to actually learn kubernetes to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00092-00021323-00021485 try to reverse engineer charts to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00093-00021486-00021671 understand what do these manifests even
+u_Z33aJOqty-00094-00021672-00021763 mean
+u_Z33aJOqty-00095-00021764-00022019 and we have a lot of users like that we
+u_Z33aJOqty-00096-00022020-00022247 have other users who are developing
+u_Z33aJOqty-00097-00022248-00022433 their own charts the vast majority of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00098-00022434-00022619 people just say Helm install blonde they
+u_Z33aJOqty-00099-00022620-00022800 never think about it
+u_Z33aJOqty-00100-00022801-00023003 and then we've got people that are
+u_Z33aJOqty-00101-00023004-00023321 helping on the development side on Helm
+u_Z33aJOqty-00102-00023322-00023635 Helm itself like the the binary
+u_Z33aJOqty-00103-00023636-00023921 and the helm tooling so we'll go over
+u_Z33aJOqty-00104-00023922-00024575 some of that in a few
+u_Z33aJOqty-00105-00024576-00024989 so home has been around since 2016 and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00106-00024990-00025314 became a graduated project in 2020
+u_Z33aJOqty-00107-00025315-00025606 and since then once you become a mature
+u_Z33aJOqty-00108-00025607-00025770 graduated project
+u_Z33aJOqty-00109-00025772-00026128 one of the things that happens is you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00110-00026129-00026357 have a lot more users and not as many
+u_Z33aJOqty-00111-00026358-00026681 maintainers so having walking through
+u_Z33aJOqty-00112-00026682-00027011 this PR process as you are
+u_Z33aJOqty-00113-00027012-00027335 anxiously waiting for your pull request
+u_Z33aJOqty-00114-00027336-00027696 to be reviewed and merged
+u_Z33aJOqty-00115-00027697-00027964 it's good to I'm glad you're all here
+u_Z33aJOqty-00116-00027966-00028211 kind of walk through this and help
+u_Z33aJOqty-00117-00028212-00028333 understand
+u_Z33aJOqty-00118-00028333-00028696 that we do need more people to help
+u_Z33aJOqty-00119-00028697-00029087 review and we care about we care about
+u_Z33aJOqty-00120-00029088-00029320 all these pull requests we just time
+u_Z33aJOqty-00121-00029322-00029531 doesn't sit still
+u_Z33aJOqty-00122-00029532-00029729 we're getting there
+u_Z33aJOqty-00123-00029730-00029873 okay cool
+u_Z33aJOqty-00124-00029874-00030070 um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00125-00030072-00030358 yes so uh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00126-00030360-00030574 so like breeze through some of this
+u_Z33aJOqty-00127-00030575-00030724 basically
+u_Z33aJOqty-00128-00030725-00030845 um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00129-00030845-00031102 I think it sounds like okay I'm kind of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00130-00031104-00031270 thinking that maybe if we skip some
+u_Z33aJOqty-00131-00031272-00031420 slides yeah just to skip a couple of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00132-00031422-00031546 these and like jump right into it
+u_Z33aJOqty-00133-00031547-00031696 because everybody here is familiar with
+u_Z33aJOqty-00134-00031697-00031931 Helm and why it matters for kubernetes
+u_Z33aJOqty-00135-00031932-00032249 um will I get to the meat of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00136-00032250-00032429 why we're here
+u_Z33aJOqty-00137-00032430-00032723 um okay so you know that helps allows
+u_Z33aJOqty-00138-00032724-00032849 you to install applications in
+u_Z33aJOqty-00139-00032850-00033029 kubernetes okay let's get to where we
+u_Z33aJOqty-00140-00033030-00033209 are
+u_Z33aJOqty-00141-00033210-00033593 um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00142-00033594-00033779 well I mean this is actually probably
+u_Z33aJOqty-00143-00033780-00034121 pretty good to just to mention to folks
+u_Z33aJOqty-00144-00034122-00034349 like because this election this will
+u_Z33aJOqty-00145-00034350-00034529 help with the introduction to the code
+u_Z33aJOqty-00146-00034530-00034667 base just to talk about the different
+u_Z33aJOqty-00147-00034668-00034846 parts of Helm very briefly or outline
+u_Z33aJOqty-00148-00034847-00035093 them so generally
+u_Z33aJOqty-00149-00035094-00035285 um when we're talking about Helm is a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00150-00035286-00035512 CNC project but it's also a bunch of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00151-00035513-00035746 different things so when people describe
+u_Z33aJOqty-00152-00035747-00036124 Helm they they mean the helm binary that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00153-00036125-00036395 lives in github.com Helm Helm or when
+u_Z33aJOqty-00154-00036396-00036715 you just say how you you use the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00155-00036716-00036952 imperative Helm command that's really
+u_Z33aJOqty-00156-00036953-00037168 what we mean by CLI
+u_Z33aJOqty-00157-00037169-00037468 um uh then there are held charts right
+u_Z33aJOqty-00158-00037469-00037715 and those now are distributed they look
+u_Z33aJOqty-00159-00037716-00037865 they don't live in one place even though
+u_Z33aJOqty-00160-00037866-00038117 they used to live in one repo
+u_Z33aJOqty-00161-00038118-00038218 um now that now they're quite
+u_Z33aJOqty-00162-00038219-00038339 distributed and we generally use
+u_Z33aJOqty-00163-00038340-00038518 artifact have to find them
+u_Z33aJOqty-00164-00038519-00038801 um Helm also uh the other part of Helm
+u_Z33aJOqty-00165-00038802-00039040 is the helm templates themselves and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00166-00039041-00039161 they really
+u_Z33aJOqty-00167-00039162-00039305 um for those who are wondering the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00168-00039306-00039509 templating functionality is
+u_Z33aJOqty-00169-00039510-00039712 if there's anybody wondering um it's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00170-00039713-00039935 primarily for helping people just
+u_Z33aJOqty-00171-00039936-00040079 templatize ammo so you don't have to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00172-00040080-00040246 type all that by hand
+u_Z33aJOqty-00173-00040247-00040552 um and allow some simple options
+u_Z33aJOqty-00174-00040553-00040768 um the helm values are those options
+u_Z33aJOqty-00175-00040769-00041039 that the options file uh as most of you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00176-00041040-00041227 know but we'll still say that real quick
+u_Z33aJOqty-00177-00041228-00041518 releases are the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00178-00041519-00041771 uh when you do a Helm install you can
+u_Z33aJOqty-00179-00041772-00042011 install let's say that not uh bitnami
+u_Z33aJOqty-00180-00042012-00042251 WordPress or any other chart and you can
+u_Z33aJOqty-00181-00042252-00042389 install that multiple times each of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00182-00042390-00042607 those instances is a release
+u_Z33aJOqty-00183-00042608-00042845 and ultimately with error revisions so
+u_Z33aJOqty-00184-00042846-00043037 health keeps track of revisions
+u_Z33aJOqty-00185-00043038-00043265 um those metadators those metadata sorry
+u_Z33aJOqty-00186-00043266-00043451 those revisions are stored in as
+u_Z33aJOqty-00187-00043452-00043696 metadata in secrets with generally
+u_Z33aJOqty-00188-00043697-00043979 within the namespace where the charts
+u_Z33aJOqty-00189-00043980-00044267 deployed so just uh reviewing that for a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00190-00044268-00044429 second because we'll kind of get to some
+u_Z33aJOqty-00191-00044430-00044611 of this in the code base
+u_Z33aJOqty-00192-00044612-00044999 so Helm project is comprised of several
+u_Z33aJOqty-00193-00045000-00045221 different repositories you have the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00194-00045222-00045424 primary home repository where most of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00195-00045425-00045533 you will probably spend most of your
+u_Z33aJOqty-00196-00045534-00045779 time we have Helm www which is going to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00197-00045780-00045983 be where the content of our website live
+u_Z33aJOqty-00198-00045984-00046211 we have a couple different tools that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00199-00046212-00046427 help support the helm
+u_Z33aJOqty-00200-00046428-00046817 um code base one of them is Helm testing
+u_Z33aJOqty-00201-00046818-00047065 which allows you to do some test driven
+u_Z33aJOqty-00202-00047066-00047339 user sanity checking so it does some
+u_Z33aJOqty-00203-00047340-00047512 linting we'll also do some integration
+u_Z33aJOqty-00204-00047513-00047668 testing to make sure that your chart
+u_Z33aJOqty-00205-00047669-00047861 will be deployed successfully to a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00206-00047862-00048077 kubernetes cluster if you're using it
+u_Z33aJOqty-00207-00048078-00048311 within like GitHub actions or your CI
+u_Z33aJOqty-00208-00048312-00048479 you'll potentially spin up a kind
+u_Z33aJOqty-00209-00048480-00048683 cluster as I showed today during the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00210-00048684-00048858 keynote
+u_Z33aJOqty-00211-00048859-00049168 a Helm releaser is going to be where you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00212-00049169-00049468 it helps make a chart release using
+u_Z33aJOqty-00213-00049469-00049637 GitHub so if you're using GitHub there's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00214-00049638-00049811 a automated process that will help you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00215-00049812-00050101 create a git rep a chart repository
+u_Z33aJOqty-00216-00050102-00050435 within GitHub pages easy simple way to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00217-00050436-00050711 get a chart Repository out there we have
+u_Z33aJOqty-00218-00050712-00050951 a number of GitHub actions that help
+u_Z33aJOqty-00219-00050952-00051185 support Helm itself and then we also
+u_Z33aJOqty-00220-00051186-00051311 have chart Museum which is another
+u_Z33aJOqty-00221-00051312-00051514 project that allows you to store your
+u_Z33aJOqty-00222-00051515-00051635 charts so if you didn't want to use
+u_Z33aJOqty-00223-00051636-00051832 GitHub Pages you can go ahead and deploy
+u_Z33aJOqty-00224-00051833-00052037 chart Museum within your organization if
+u_Z33aJOqty-00225-00052038-00052246 you happen to be interested in deploying
+u_Z33aJOqty-00226-00052247-00052787 one and stand that up
+u_Z33aJOqty-00227-00052788-00053026 uh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00228-00053027-00053194 there are many different ways to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00229-00053195-00053429 contribute to helm you don't necessarily
+u_Z33aJOqty-00230-00053429-00053669 have to be a coder but you can go ahead
+u_Z33aJOqty-00231-00053670-00053753 and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00232-00053754-00053957 propose certain things so let's say you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00233-00053958-00054119 had an interesting idea for a new
+u_Z33aJOqty-00234-00054120-00054299 feature let's hear a project manager and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00235-00054300-00054550 you say hey I got I got a team I keep
+u_Z33aJOqty-00236-00054551-00054754 hearing all these issues I can go ahead
+u_Z33aJOqty-00237-00054755-00054916 and create a proposal
+u_Z33aJOqty-00238-00054917-00055103 if you are if you want to then go ahead
+u_Z33aJOqty-00239-00055104-00055409 and perform some changes you can go
+u_Z33aJOqty-00240-00055410-00055630 ahead and create features you can
+u_Z33aJOqty-00241-00055632-00055799 enhance the code base we love that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00242-00055800-00055979 because you know nothing like you know
+u_Z33aJOqty-00243-00055979-00056147 evolving forward
+u_Z33aJOqty-00244-00056148-00056399 if you find a bug because someone have
+u_Z33aJOqty-00245-00056400-00056779 bugs would they it's perfect
+u_Z33aJOqty-00246-00056779-00057004 it's pretty stable it's pretty stable
+u_Z33aJOqty-00247-00057005-00057203 but still if you find a bug you can go
+u_Z33aJOqty-00248-00057204-00057388 ahead and contribute issue a let's do a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00249-00057389-00057538 bug report you can go ahead and fix up
+u_Z33aJOqty-00250-00057539-00057742 like please if you find a bug please fix
+u_Z33aJOqty-00251-00057744-00058013 it we'll get to it or most importantly
+u_Z33aJOqty-00252-00058014-00058241 like any open source projects you can
+u_Z33aJOqty-00253-00058241-00058415 contribute documentation we love
+u_Z33aJOqty-00254-00058416-00058715 documentation it's how others in the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00255-00058716-00058888 community learn about help learn how to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00256-00058889-00059057 use it there are different ways that you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00257-00059058-00059207 can start getting involved in the helm
+u_Z33aJOqty-00258-00059208-00059363 project it doesn't have to just be Golan
+u_Z33aJOqty-00259-00059364-00059549 code
+u_Z33aJOqty-00260-00059550-00059794 and translations we love translations
+u_Z33aJOqty-00261-00059795-00060130 too now that would be amazing if anyone
+u_Z33aJOqty-00262-00060132-00060347 is in you know a fluent speaker of a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00263-00060348-00060544 different language we love to talk to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00264-00060545-00060707 you about going in and helping
+u_Z33aJOqty-00265-00060708-00060869 contribute some different languages
+u_Z33aJOqty-00266-00060870-00061253 because we want to help expand the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00267-00061254-00061492 amount of user base and putting it into
+u_Z33aJOqty-00268-00061494-00061637 their own natural language makes it
+u_Z33aJOqty-00269-00061638-00062297 easier for them to pick it up
+u_Z33aJOqty-00270-00062298-00062453 um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00271-00062454-00062704 I I think I'm going to try to Breeze
+u_Z33aJOqty-00272-00062705-00062849 over some of these so we can really dive
+u_Z33aJOqty-00273-00062850-00063059 into the code base sure let me just talk
+u_Z33aJOqty-00274-00063060-00063250 about hips so basically if you have a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00275-00063251-00063479 new idea or new feature you can create a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00276-00063479-00063688 hip a hip is a Helm Improvement proposal
+u_Z33aJOqty-00277-00063689-00063976 so you can go ahead and propose how to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00278-00063977-00064115 improve the helm code base there are
+u_Z33aJOqty-00279-00064116-00064241 three different types if you go to the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00280-00064241-00064480 next slide it's got yeah
+u_Z33aJOqty-00281-00064482-00064715 basically there's a new feature so you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00282-00064716-00064816 should be ought to have some kind of new
+u_Z33aJOqty-00283-00064817-00065026 implementation to helm there's if you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00284-00065027-00065171 have some kind of information that you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00285-00065172-00065315 want to make it easier for others to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00286-00065316-00065561 understand for him or if it's a way of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00287-00065562-00065771 working with Helm that's another type of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00288-00065772-00065987 hip that you can go ahead and create
+u_Z33aJOqty-00289-00065988-00066238 yeah and they're similar to to uh Pips
+u_Z33aJOqty-00290-00066239-00066449 basically that was part of the you know
+u_Z33aJOqty-00291-00066450-00066593 the inspiration in the python World
+u_Z33aJOqty-00292-00066594-00066905 Python and ultimately an RFC but this is
+u_Z33aJOqty-00293-00066906-00067138 also pretty important when reviewing
+u_Z33aJOqty-00294-00067139-00067373 pull requests because you know often
+u_Z33aJOqty-00295-00067374-00067571 someone's going to open up a pull
+u_Z33aJOqty-00296-00067572-00067859 request with major changes and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00297-00067860-00068032 um generally one of the one of the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00298-00068033-00068255 maintainers will say oh that that looks
+u_Z33aJOqty-00299-00068256-00068405 like a pretty major that looks like a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00300-00068406-00068543 pretty major change have you have you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00301-00068544-00068800 talked with anyone about why you know
+u_Z33aJOqty-00302-00068801-00068963 how this what else would this would
+u_Z33aJOqty-00303-00068964-00069071 affect
+u_Z33aJOqty-00304-00069072-00069275 um Etc and will often suggest that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00305-00069276-00069526 someone open up a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00306-00069527-00070115 an improvement proposal
+u_Z33aJOqty-00307-00070116-00070331 so yeah um I can I can cover this if you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00308-00070332-00070469 know if you want like there's there's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00309-00070470-00070882 really uh several types of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00310-00070883-00071117 roles for people who are actually
+u_Z33aJOqty-00311-00071118-00071356 working on the helm project itself
+u_Z33aJOqty-00312-00071357-00071644 um primarily uh we've got
+u_Z33aJOqty-00313-00071645-00071921 um uh and we'll get to the Y on this for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00314-00071922-00072088 a second but we've got um the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00315-00072089-00072269 sub-project maintainer which is someone
+u_Z33aJOqty-00316-00072270-00072605 who maintains just one uh either repo or
+u_Z33aJOqty-00317-00072606-00072791 set of repos within Helm that comprises
+u_Z33aJOqty-00318-00072792-00073132 a subproject like shark Museum or like
+u_Z33aJOqty-00319-00073133-00073379 um if you're part of the helm or excuse
+u_Z33aJOqty-00320-00073380-00073571 me part of the charts and chart tooling
+u_Z33aJOqty-00321-00073572-00074131 team then uh you may be uh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00322-00074132-00074303 maintaining
+u_Z33aJOqty-00323-00074304-00074537 um several repos like the GitHub actions
+u_Z33aJOqty-00324-00074538-00074753 chart releaser that the GitHub actions
+u_Z33aJOqty-00325-00074754-00074999 wrap start testing Etc so that's that's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00326-00075000-00075167 this project retainer
+u_Z33aJOqty-00327-00075168-00075335 um triage maintainer is one of the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00328-00075336-00075715 things that we've highlighted in uh past
+u_Z33aJOqty-00329-00075716-00076013 uh past project maintainer track talks
+u_Z33aJOqty-00330-00076014-00076144 like this
+u_Z33aJOqty-00331-00076145-00076205 um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00332-00076206-00076571 to say hey we really want folks to uh we
+u_Z33aJOqty-00333-00076572-00076888 want to help people help enable people
+u_Z33aJOqty-00334-00076889-00077212 to help with the pull requests and issue
+u_Z33aJOqty-00335-00077213-00077615 process and so that's what triage is for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00336-00077616-00077806 um you know GitHub has the triage role
+u_Z33aJOqty-00337-00077807-00078035 and what it allows you to do is do
+u_Z33aJOqty-00338-00078036-00078215 things like help with labeling and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00339-00078216-00078497 things that not everyone in the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00340-00078498-00078811 community can do only approve people
+u_Z33aJOqty-00341-00078812-00079265 like run the testing Suite Etc so only
+u_Z33aJOqty-00342-00079266-00079559 only specific people who have shown that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00343-00079560-00079750 they are really interested in this and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00344-00079751-00080009 are trustworthy and they can help just
+u_Z33aJOqty-00345-00080010-00080321 not make a mess of things can
+u_Z33aJOqty-00346-00080322-00080494 start by
+u_Z33aJOqty-00347-00080495-00080681 reviewing pull requests and helping on
+u_Z33aJOqty-00348-00080682-00080903 that side of things and then uh we have
+u_Z33aJOqty-00349-00080904-00081179 open positions for triage maintainers so
+u_Z33aJOqty-00350-00081180-00081388 that's that's really what we're uh the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00351-00081389-00081509 area that we're hoping to grow the most
+u_Z33aJOqty-00352-00081510-00081767 uh we have Helm core maintainer and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00353-00081768-00081881 that's something that people certainly
+u_Z33aJOqty-00354-00081882-00082223 can uh work to especially if you're
+u_Z33aJOqty-00355-00082224-00082469 doing triaging for a long time we'll
+u_Z33aJOqty-00356-00082470-00082649 walk through that later on yeah yeah
+u_Z33aJOqty-00357-00082650-00082781 there's there's different ways to do
+u_Z33aJOqty-00358-00082782-00082894 that but there's basically the core
+u_Z33aJOqty-00359-00082895-00083194 maintainer that's the github.com right
+u_Z33aJOqty-00360-00083195-00083423 and then there's a community manager
+u_Z33aJOqty-00361-00083424-00083675 role I believe right now we have one and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00362-00083676-00084053 that is Karen uh right yay and there's a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00363-00084054-00084215 blog post from a little while back
+u_Z33aJOqty-00364-00084216-00084394 explaining that and what that role is
+u_Z33aJOqty-00365-00084395-00084587 about and then there are org maintainer
+u_Z33aJOqty-00366-00084588-00084706 roles
+u_Z33aJOqty-00367-00084707-00084953 um and those are a handful of people
+u_Z33aJOqty-00368-00084954-00085169 that guide the vision of the helm
+u_Z33aJOqty-00369-00085170-00085282 project and help with things like
+u_Z33aJOqty-00370-00085283-00085511 governance and really it's just a point
+u_Z33aJOqty-00371-00085512-00085775 of escalation mostly for governance for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00372-00085776-00086032 the cncf project
+u_Z33aJOqty-00373-00086033-00086423 okay
+u_Z33aJOqty-00374-00086424-00086676 oh it doesn't mean that I'm gonna talk
+u_Z33aJOqty-00375-00086677-00086981 don't worry I'm getting to it so Helm's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00376-00086982-00087149 primary code base are broken up into
+u_Z33aJOqty-00377-00087150-00087287 several sections and I'm at least going
+u_Z33aJOqty-00378-00087288-00087388 to start with and I'll probably turn it
+u_Z33aJOqty-00379-00087389-00087538 over to Scott who's going to really kind
+u_Z33aJOqty-00380-00087539-00087671 of dive into the different code base
+u_Z33aJOqty-00381-00087672-00087899 first of all like most open source
+u_Z33aJOqty-00382-00087900-00088073 projects you have the dot GitHub folder
+u_Z33aJOqty-00383-00088074-00088175 which is going to contain all your
+u_Z33aJOqty-00384-00088176-00088468 GitHub you know metadata and repository
+u_Z33aJOqty-00385-00088469-00088756 assets we then have the CMD Helm that's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00386-00088757-00088882 going to be where our command line
+u_Z33aJOqty-00387-00088883-00089218 tooling or the command line components
+u_Z33aJOqty-00388-00089219-00089399 are located primarily we have our
+u_Z33aJOqty-00389-00089400-00089567 internal package which is going to be
+u_Z33aJOqty-00390-00089568-00089843 more the internal core capabilities of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00391-00089844-00090221 the helm utility is found you then have
+u_Z33aJOqty-00392-00090222-00090394 our PKG that's going to be where a lot
+u_Z33aJOqty-00393-00090395-00090665 of the SDK is exposed so if you are
+u_Z33aJOqty-00394-00090666-00090850 working with integrating Helm into your
+u_Z33aJOqty-00395-00090851-00090971 own project you're going to be
+u_Z33aJOqty-00396-00090972-00091121 leveraging a lot of the code that is
+u_Z33aJOqty-00397-00091122-00091367 part of the PKG folder we then have two
+u_Z33aJOqty-00398-00091368-00091537 other ancillary
+u_Z33aJOqty-00399-00091538-00091882 parts of the parts of Helm pardon me we
+u_Z33aJOqty-00400-00091883-00092003 have scripts it's going to be some
+u_Z33aJOqty-00401-00092004-00092197 tooling that's available for testing
+u_Z33aJOqty-00402-00092198-00092399 releasing all that's in there and then
+u_Z33aJOqty-00403-00092400-00092585 find types of test data so that helps
+u_Z33aJOqty-00404-00092586-00092771 support testing because everyone loves
+u_Z33aJOqty-00405-00092772-00092885 testing making sure that everything
+u_Z33aJOqty-00406-00092886-00093035 works as we expected how many people
+u_Z33aJOqty-00407-00093036-00093262 actually do tests
+u_Z33aJOqty-00408-00093263-00093412 I want to see more hands I want to see
+u_Z33aJOqty-00409-00093413-00093575 more hands next time next year please
+u_Z33aJOqty-00410-00093576-00093887 more tests thank you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00411-00093888-00094247 well I'll take both
+u_Z33aJOqty-00412-00094248-00094505 you want to walk through some of the uh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00413-00094506-00094793 um absolutely yeah um it's important to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00414-00094794-00095015 note that uh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00415-00095016-00095165 this is something that gets confused a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00416-00095166-00095381 lot and people that are opening PRS and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00417-00095382-00095494 trying to contribute to home they want
+u_Z33aJOqty-00418-00095495-00095638 to you want to capture feature in there
+u_Z33aJOqty-00419-00095639-00095747 or someone else wants to have their
+u_Z33aJOqty-00420-00095748-00095926 feature or you are an honest member
+u_Z33aJOqty-00421-00095927-00096035 who's like
+u_Z33aJOqty-00422-00096036-00096191 there's this PR that's been open for a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00423-00096192-00096394 year what's going on so
+u_Z33aJOqty-00424-00096395-00096694 um sometimes this gets confused so where
+u_Z33aJOqty-00425-00096695-00096893 do you put the actual functionality like
+u_Z33aJOqty-00426-00096894-00097121 where do you put the feature and the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00427-00097122-00097355 most important thing that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00428-00097356-00097559 um well one of the most important things
+u_Z33aJOqty-00429-00097560-00097781 that gets lost often is that we need to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00430-00097782-00097967 support both
+u_Z33aJOqty-00431-00097968-00098194 um both people that are consuming the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00432-00098195-00098662 helm SDK projects uh projects like flux
+u_Z33aJOqty-00433-00098663-00098968 project like Rancher different
+u_Z33aJOqty-00434-00098969-00099215 different projects that are ultimately
+u_Z33aJOqty-00435-00099216-00099431 just using what's under the hood to run
+u_Z33aJOqty-00436-00099432-00099682 Helm not shelling out to the command
+u_Z33aJOqty-00437-00099683-00099994 line the command line uh the actual
+u_Z33aJOqty-00438-00099995-00100403 commands the Cobra commands and they
+u_Z33aJOqty-00439-00100404-00100685 they use the SDK as well so they use the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00440-00100686-00100800 exact same
+u_Z33aJOqty-00441-00100801-00101062 underlying libraries
+u_Z33aJOqty-00442-00101063-00101417 um as as uh as you would if you were a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00443-00101418-00101567 consumer but we need to make sure that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00444-00101568-00101753 when functionality goes into the code
+u_Z33aJOqty-00445-00101754-00102023 base to either fix a bug or improve
+u_Z33aJOqty-00446-00102024-00102359 enhance something that we are thinking
+u_Z33aJOqty-00447-00102360-00102647 about both of those users because
+u_Z33aJOqty-00448-00102648-00102839 the vast majority of users are users
+u_Z33aJOqty-00449-00102840-00103001 that use the command line
+u_Z33aJOqty-00450-00103002-00103151 um when you're you're typing in Helm
+u_Z33aJOqty-00451-00103152-00103408 imperatively or it's maybe in some CI
+u_Z33aJOqty-00452-00103409-00103708 process or something like that but there
+u_Z33aJOqty-00453-00103709-00103858 are a growing number of tools that are
+u_Z33aJOqty-00454-00103859-00104106 using the helm SDK and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00455-00104107-00104351 a lot of you probably rely on those too
+u_Z33aJOqty-00456-00104352-00104608 so it's really critical to make sure
+u_Z33aJOqty-00457-00104609-00104897 that let's say when something
+u_Z33aJOqty-00458-00104898-00105095 when something needs to be fixed and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00459-00105096-00105358 it's not command specific that we look
+u_Z33aJOqty-00460-00105359-00105557 at can that be done in the SDK probably
+u_Z33aJOqty-00461-00105558-00105797 excuse me in the underlying packages
+u_Z33aJOqty-00462-00105798-00106054 usually the answer is it probably should
+u_Z33aJOqty-00463-00106055-00106277 as opposed to say trying to do it just
+u_Z33aJOqty-00464-00106278-00106390 in the command packages because then
+u_Z33aJOqty-00465-00106391-00106504 you're fixing the bug just for the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00466-00106505-00106643 command line and that bug isn't really
+u_Z33aJOqty-00467-00106644-00106936 being taken care of for someone who's a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00468-00106938-00107177 project that's consuming that those same
+u_Z33aJOqty-00469-00107178-00107321 that same functionality there's a good
+u_Z33aJOqty-00470-00107322-00107507 chance that some people some of the you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00471-00107508-00107740 and the audience are consuming it either
+u_Z33aJOqty-00472-00107741-00107921 within your own work or your
+u_Z33aJOqty-00473-00107922-00108107 organization's work
+u_Z33aJOqty-00474-00108108-00108323 yeah
+u_Z33aJOqty-00475-00108324-00108575 um oh and did I actually would you mind
+u_Z33aJOqty-00476-00108576-00109133 going back Ellen um so okay so
+u_Z33aJOqty-00477-00109133-00109349 we all probably we're going to assume a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00478-00109350-00109463 certain level of go knowledge here
+u_Z33aJOqty-00479-00109464-00109619 because we can't cover that in a certain
+u_Z33aJOqty-00480-00109620-00109799 level of kubernetes knowledge
+u_Z33aJOqty-00481-00109800-00110075 um but uh so perhaps the internal
+u_Z33aJOqty-00482-00110076-00110254 package is obvious but just to call it
+u_Z33aJOqty-00483-00110255-00110513 out real fast it is things those are
+u_Z33aJOqty-00484-00110514-00110693 things that are not exposed to the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00485-00110694-00111047 public and we do that so that we can
+u_Z33aJOqty-00486-00111048-00111328 some internal packages so that those can
+u_Z33aJOqty-00487-00111329-00111521 continue to change without breaking our
+u_Z33aJOqty-00488-00111522-00111773 backwards compatibility contract
+u_Z33aJOqty-00489-00111774-00112066 um the uh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00490-00112067-00112199 yeah I think that's actually it and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00491-00112200-00112421 that's on the slide that I wanted to say
+u_Z33aJOqty-00492-00112422-00112577 um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00493-00112578-00112769 yeah these are all we're these are this
+u_Z33aJOqty-00494-00112770-00113008 is where all the automation lives and we
+u_Z33aJOqty-00495-00113009-00113266 do need help with that too at times so
+u_Z33aJOqty-00496-00113267-00113519 just know that it's in there and there's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00497-00113520-00113831 a lot that can we can dig into that but
+u_Z33aJOqty-00498-00113832-00113981 I think it's probably best to kind of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00499-00113982-00114239 like give you an overview of basically
+u_Z33aJOqty-00500-00114240-00114502 where the kinds of where the code for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00501-00114503-00114640 the kinds of pull requests that are open
+u_Z33aJOqty-00502-00114641-00114947 are are really discontinue for the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00503-00114948-00115108 standard with most open source projects
+u_Z33aJOqty-00504-00115109-00115265 we just wanted to emphasize it for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00505-00115266-00115619 completion yeah and and we do have the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00506-00115620-00115840 project Pavilion we have a booth in the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00507-00115841-00116015 project Pavilion in the afternoons and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00508-00116016-00116152 we'll have our laptops there and we can
+u_Z33aJOqty-00509-00116153-00116728 dive further into actual specifics too
+u_Z33aJOqty-00510-00116729-00116927 yeah and so and so this is this is
+u_Z33aJOqty-00511-00116928-00117239 really where um this is an example of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00512-00117240-00117473 um this is really the Cobra packages
+u_Z33aJOqty-00513-00117474-00117634 live so how many people are using cobra
+u_Z33aJOqty-00514-00117635-00117958 in their own in their own projects
+u_Z33aJOqty-00515-00117959-00118223 yeah it's a common common tool that's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00516-00118224-00118493 used in most goaling based projects a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00517-00118494-00118690 lot of projects in kubernetes use it to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00518-00118691-00118949 patrol everything uses it so we're just
+u_Z33aJOqty-00519-00118950-00119099 going ahead and showing that this is
+u_Z33aJOqty-00520-00119100-00119249 where most of this code currently lives
+u_Z33aJOqty-00521-00119250-00119536 and it's a very standard structure
+u_Z33aJOqty-00522-00119538-00119663 um actually would you mind going back
+u_Z33aJOqty-00523-00119664-00119795 one this is just kind of important to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00524-00119796-00120028 say so like this list will keep going
+u_Z33aJOqty-00525-00120029-00120173 down this is just a screenshot of it
+u_Z33aJOqty-00526-00120174-00120281 because you know we didn't want the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00527-00120282-00120616 Internet it's super long yeah yeah it's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00528-00120617-00120910 all of a Helm command so basically when
+u_Z33aJOqty-00529-00120911-00121295 um uh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00530-00121296-00121565 essentially everything every
+u_Z33aJOqty-00531-00121566-00121786 um excuse me inside of the command
+u_Z33aJOqty-00532-00121788-00122015 folder there's a there's a you'll you'll
+u_Z33aJOqty-00533-00122016-00122213 pretty much know where the commands are
+u_Z33aJOqty-00534-00122214-00122423 because they're named after the commands
+u_Z33aJOqty-00535-00122424-00122627 and their sub commands and each of those
+u_Z33aJOqty-00536-00122628-00122890 have a test uh file as well to go with
+u_Z33aJOqty-00537-00122891-00123052 them that might be obvious for most
+u_Z33aJOqty-00538-00123053-00123178 people looking at this but just in case
+u_Z33aJOqty-00539-00123179-00123334 it's not I just wanted to point that out
+u_Z33aJOqty-00540-00123335-00123552 so it can kind of help you understand
+u_Z33aJOqty-00541-00123553-00123857 you know where at least your entry point
+u_Z33aJOqty-00542-00123858-00124336 is for the CLI
+u_Z33aJOqty-00543-00124338-00124775 this is the the no talk internal
+u_Z33aJOqty-00544-00124776-00125075 packages of how much were all of our
+u_Z33aJOqty-00545-00125076-00125308 code that we see that we can change
+u_Z33aJOqty-00546-00125309-00125458 without breaking that backwards
+u_Z33aJOqty-00547-00125459-00125602 compatibility it's all going to be
+u_Z33aJOqty-00548-00125603-00125807 living in here so everything from you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00549-00125808-00125915 know some of the utilities that we
+u_Z33aJOqty-00550-00125916-00126089 leverage some of the file utilities some
+u_Z33aJOqty-00551-00126090-00126286 of the the you something basically just
+u_Z33aJOqty-00552-00126288-00126527 how we do parsing as well as how we
+u_Z33aJOqty-00553-00126528-00126754 resolve packages are in charts because
+u_Z33aJOqty-00554-00126755-00126958 that's really important uh as someone
+u_Z33aJOqty-00555-00126959-00127078 who spent a lot of time on oci
+u_Z33aJOqty-00556-00127079-00127307 integration resolving packages is
+u_Z33aJOqty-00557-00127308-00127895 challenging whether you know it or not
+u_Z33aJOqty-00558-00127896-00128099 illustria is probably worth mentioning
+u_Z33aJOqty-00559-00128100-00128225 there's a few things that are not
+u_Z33aJOqty-00560-00128226-00128483 obvious one is a folder called monocular
+u_Z33aJOqty-00561-00128483-00128671 an internal package called monocular
+u_Z33aJOqty-00562-00128672-00129077 that is uh ultimately the precursor to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00563-00129078-00129371 what artifact hubs API does now so when
+u_Z33aJOqty-00564-00129372-00129539 you do a Helm search
+u_Z33aJOqty-00565-00129540-00129821 it's interact that package is still
+u_Z33aJOqty-00566-00129822-00130186 excuse me interacting now with artifact
+u_Z33aJOqty-00567-00130188-00130349 Hub but you can also
+u_Z33aJOqty-00568-00130350-00130540 if I don't know if anyone has ever tried
+u_Z33aJOqty-00569-00130541-00130763 to do this but you can actually run your
+u_Z33aJOqty-00570-00130764-00130852 own
+u_Z33aJOqty-00571-00130853-00131327 uh monocular compatible API
+u_Z33aJOqty-00572-00131328-00131428 um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00573-00131429-00131627 which ultimately you can either run your
+u_Z33aJOqty-00574-00131628-00131843 own instance of of artifact Hub because
+u_Z33aJOqty-00575-00131844-00131987 it's an open source project you know
+u_Z33aJOqty-00576-00131988-00132095 like let's say you have an air gap
+u_Z33aJOqty-00577-00132096-00132202 environment you want to do something
+u_Z33aJOqty-00578-00132203-00132359 like that you can do that and you can
+u_Z33aJOqty-00579-00132360-00132652 pass either to the SDK or the CLI a path
+u_Z33aJOqty-00580-00132653-00133007 to the URL to the actual Source where
+u_Z33aJOqty-00581-00133008-00133163 you're searching but that's where all of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00582-00133164-00133319 that is and it's just name monocular for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00583-00133320-00133537 historic reasons so it was monocular
+u_Z33aJOqty-00584-00133538-00133925 then Helm Helm Hub and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00585-00133926-00134189 um and now artifact Hub has an API
+u_Z33aJOqty-00586-00134190-00134489 that's compatible with that yeah
+u_Z33aJOqty-00587-00134490-00134657 this is where this is where the meat and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00588-00134658-00134849 potatoes lives this is where going to be
+u_Z33aJOqty-00589-00134850-00135071 the primary code base of the helm
+u_Z33aJOqty-00590-00135072-00135328 project it's going to contain every
+u_Z33aJOqty-00591-00135329-00135514 single package that you probably have
+u_Z33aJOqty-00592-00135515-00135833 interacted with over time or been from
+u_Z33aJOqty-00593-00135834-00135947 um you know how we actually download
+u_Z33aJOqty-00594-00135948-00136139 charts our basic engine of how we're
+u_Z33aJOqty-00595-00136140-00136349 doing templating how we're going in and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00596-00136350-00136487 linking our charts how we're interacting
+u_Z33aJOqty-00597-00136488-00136709 with the kubernetes API and CLI
+u_Z33aJOqty-00598-00136710-00136973 utilities how we're rendering and then
+u_Z33aJOqty-00599-00136974-00137116 my favorite how we're actually
+u_Z33aJOqty-00600-00137117-00137411 performing signing and verification and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00601-00137412-00137933 being the Providence folder
+u_Z33aJOqty-00602-00137934-00138113 and then scripting is going to be where
+u_Z33aJOqty-00603-00138114-00138269 our utilities are going to live this is
+u_Z33aJOqty-00604-00138270-00138514 I mentioned earlier how we go ahead and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00605-00138515-00138731 you know release the software how we're
+u_Z33aJOqty-00606-00138732-00138911 doing our testing we have a lot of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00607-00138912-00139049 utilities that are found inside the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00608-00139050-00139337 scripts folder basic shell scripts but
+u_Z33aJOqty-00609-00139338-00139619 as someone as you see there's me doing
+u_Z33aJOqty-00610-00139620-00139985 the contribution that broke oh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00611-00139986-00140164 um in here a lot going and making sure
+u_Z33aJOqty-00612-00140165-00140351 our tooling is up to date with the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00613-00140352-00140531 latest changes as we continue to evolve
+u_Z33aJOqty-00614-00140532-00140878 the project
+u_Z33aJOqty-00615-00140879-00141137 and then finally testing you need to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00616-00141138-00141425 have good test data we have a lot of the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00617-00141426-00141628 different utilities you know from you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00618-00141629-00141821 know when we spin up we do our testing
+u_Z33aJOqty-00619-00141822-00141989 we have certificates that we gener that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00620-00141990-00142145 we have available so we can do testing
+u_Z33aJOqty-00621-00142146-00142264 so we don't have to generate them on the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00622-00142265-00142457 Fly and have to deal with all the fun
+u_Z33aJOqty-00623-00142458-00142607 that deals with certificates because
+u_Z33aJOqty-00624-00142608-00142781 they continue to change and evolve over
+u_Z33aJOqty-00625-00142782-00142961 time we go ahead and we have some
+u_Z33aJOqty-00626-00142962-00143104 tooling here that's going to allow us to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00627-00143105-00143399 perform some generic testing
+u_Z33aJOqty-00628-00143400-00143585 the test coverage is really high so
+u_Z33aJOqty-00629-00143586-00143813 that's one of the other reasons that you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00630-00143814-00144077 know a Helm project is very very stable
+u_Z33aJOqty-00631-00144078-00144359 software it's not a fast-moving project
+u_Z33aJOqty-00632-00144360-00144604 at this point it's relied on by I guess
+u_Z33aJOqty-00633-00144605-00144737 by everyone in this room it sounds like
+u_Z33aJOqty-00634-00144738-00145019 or most people in the room and a huge
+u_Z33aJOqty-00635-00145020-00145259 percentage of a huge number because
+u_Z33aJOqty-00636-00145260-00145409 she's part of the kubernetes community
+u_Z33aJOqty-00637-00145410-00145678 right and it's so so what I'm saying is
+u_Z33aJOqty-00638-00145679-00145901 that like there are pull requests that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00639-00145902-00146213 are open and sometimes the reason that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00640-00146214-00146333 they stay open is because they don't
+u_Z33aJOqty-00641-00146334-00146447 have tests
+u_Z33aJOqty-00642-00146448-00146645 so that's another thing that people can
+u_Z33aJOqty-00643-00146646-00146878 help do is not only help to review those
+u_Z33aJOqty-00644-00146879-00147257 but even help to give suggestions on you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00645-00147258-00147395 know making sure that any new
+u_Z33aJOqty-00646-00147396-00147599 functionality for pull request has those
+u_Z33aJOqty-00647-00147600-00147766 tests and helping to run those tests too
+u_Z33aJOqty-00648-00147767-00147899 well we'll think about you know when we
+u_Z33aJOqty-00649-00147900-00148199 talk about stable software you know Helm
+u_Z33aJOqty-00650-00148200-00148378 is a big project it's being used by a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00651-00148379-00148583 large community think about a small
+u_Z33aJOqty-00652-00148584-00148697 project you're just getting started you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00653-00148698-00148907 can go ahead and it's a small boat you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00654-00148908-00149033 can go ahead and turn it really easily a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00655-00149034-00149278 nice little dinghy but Helm at this
+u_Z33aJOqty-00656-00149279-00149477 point like kubernetes is a cruise ship
+u_Z33aJOqty-00657-00149478-00149777 it takes a long time to turn that to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00658-00149778-00150089 turn the boat so it may take time for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00659-00150090-00150316 things to get in like any large open
+u_Z33aJOqty-00660-00150317-00150545 source project but you know every little
+u_Z33aJOqty-00661-00150546-00150790 bit you got to start somewhere it just
+u_Z33aJOqty-00662-00150791-00151127 takes a little longer to turn a lot of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00663-00151128-00151414 people depend on Helm not breaking
+u_Z33aJOqty-00664-00151415-00151775 so I definitely want to make sure you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00665-00151776-00151864 don't want it you don't want to ruin
+u_Z33aJOqty-00666-00151865-00152140 everyone's vacation no no we want you to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00667-00152141-00152404 have your weekends right
+u_Z33aJOqty-00668-00152405-00152597 yeah so you don't have to with that this
+u_Z33aJOqty-00669-00152598-00152789 is where that code lives when tests are
+u_Z33aJOqty-00670-00152790-00153059 when tests are uh created all of the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00671-00153060-00153166 data
+u_Z33aJOqty-00672-00153167-00153437 I love this uh flow chart that Andy put
+u_Z33aJOqty-00673-00153438-00153743 together yeah this really talks about if
+u_Z33aJOqty-00674-00153744-00153940 you have a feature if you have a change
+u_Z33aJOqty-00675-00153941-00154325 into the primary Helm repository what
+u_Z33aJOqty-00676-00154326-00154564 does that look like well let's walk
+u_Z33aJOqty-00677-00154565-00154690 through that really fast this is very
+u_Z33aJOqty-00678-00154691-00154889 important and one one thing just so that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00679-00154890-00155069 this is this is a new slide but it
+u_Z33aJOqty-00680-00155070-00155225 really is just a flow chart of what we
+u_Z33aJOqty-00681-00155226-00155543 already have in our pull request process
+u_Z33aJOqty-00682-00155544-00155776 it's basically just visualizing a lot of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00683-00155777-00155902 what we have in our general
+u_Z33aJOqty-00684-00155903-00156113 documentation so if you want to look at
+u_Z33aJOqty-00685-00156114-00156364 the docs behind this we have this all
+u_Z33aJOqty-00686-00156365-00156647 outlined as well and it just starts with
+u_Z33aJOqty-00687-00156648-00156875 got a cool idea I'm going to create that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00688-00156876-00156976 pull request
+u_Z33aJOqty-00689-00156977-00157151 go ahead and hit submit
+u_Z33aJOqty-00690-00157152-00157313 as we mentioned earlier there's going to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00691-00157314-00157547 be there's a triage role that we have in
+u_Z33aJOqty-00692-00157548-00157673 the project they're going to go ahead
+u_Z33aJOqty-00693-00157674-00157883 and review the pull request and they're
+u_Z33aJOqty-00694-00157884-00158147 going to say how kind is it is it big
+u_Z33aJOqty-00695-00158148-00158387 it's a small what kind they're gonna go
+u_Z33aJOqty-00696-00158388-00158590 ahead and usually label it because there
+u_Z33aJOqty-00697-00158591-00158740 are certain rules that the project has
+u_Z33aJOqty-00698-00158741-00158975 based on labels Scott do you want to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00699-00158976-00159149 talk about the different label types and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00700-00159150-00159323 how many reviewers you need to have with
+u_Z33aJOqty-00701-00159324-00159673 certain certain labels
+u_Z33aJOqty-00702-00159674-00159940 the number of lines of code but
+u_Z33aJOqty-00703-00159941-00160240 basically we've got a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00704-00160241-00160475 the helm project has a a bot that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00705-00160476-00160816 assigns sizes to pull requests so if
+u_Z33aJOqty-00706-00160817-00160990 it's you know under a certain number of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00707-00160991-00161351 lines of code it's an extra small if uh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00708-00161352-00161501 if it's a little bit more I forget how
+u_Z33aJOqty-00709-00161502-00161711 many like whatever 30 or 100 yeah I
+u_Z33aJOqty-00710-00161712-00161813 don't know if anyone remembers but but
+u_Z33aJOqty-00711-00161814-00162016 it's basically it's written in our docs
+u_Z33aJOqty-00712-00162017-00162185 um uh you don't actually have to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00713-00162186-00162323 remember because we have a bot to do it
+u_Z33aJOqty-00714-00162324-00162514 for you so which is why I can't remember
+u_Z33aJOqty-00715-00162515-00162725 exactly basically like we've got extra
+u_Z33aJOqty-00716-00162726-00163043 small small medium large extra large and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00717-00163044-00163301 anything above a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00718-00163302-00163631 anything above a small requires two
+u_Z33aJOqty-00719-00163632-00163828 right it is above a small one anyway
+u_Z33aJOqty-00720-00163829-00164123 requirements requires two maintainers uh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00721-00164124-00164290 to sign off on it to approve it in order
+u_Z33aJOqty-00722-00164291-00164440 for that to be
+u_Z33aJOqty-00723-00164441-00164633 um merged so we'll do next is we'll go
+u_Z33aJOqty-00724-00164634-00164885 ahead and we'll um the triage will go in
+u_Z33aJOqty-00725-00164886-00165040 and make her make some reviewers
+u_Z33aJOqty-00726-00165041-00165214 assigned to it because if it's going to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00727-00165215-00165466 be a certain type of pull request our
+u_Z33aJOqty-00728-00165467-00165713 triage team knows who would probably be
+u_Z33aJOqty-00729-00165714-00165863 more applicable like if it's Registries
+u_Z33aJOqty-00730-00165864-00166090 and oci be me if it's going to be
+u_Z33aJOqty-00731-00166091-00166307 documentation it's going to be
+u_Z33aJOqty-00732-00166308-00166595 potentially Scott or Karina like Arena
+u_Z33aJOqty-00733-00166596-00166726 or maybe
+u_Z33aJOqty-00734-00166727-00166937 um so anyone so then after that they're
+u_Z33aJOqty-00735-00166938-00167087 gonna go ahead and perform the review
+u_Z33aJOqty-00736-00167088-00167273 you know does it look good does it not
+u_Z33aJOqty-00737-00167274-00167501 look good are there changes that we need
+u_Z33aJOqty-00738-00167502-00167819 to go back to our um to the user saying
+u_Z33aJOqty-00739-00167820-00168011 you guys should make some changes there
+u_Z33aJOqty-00740-00168012-00168149 is okay
+u_Z33aJOqty-00741-00168150-00168328 otherwise
+u_Z33aJOqty-00742-00168329-00168611 let's go ahead and let's looks good to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00743-00168612-00168833 me and very important depending on the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00744-00168834-00169133 type of pull request and how big it is
+u_Z33aJOqty-00745-00169134-00169463 you have to have agreements from the two
+u_Z33aJOqty-00746-00169464-00169835 commitment core committers and then our
+u_Z33aJOqty-00747-00169836-00169973 core maintainers pardon me and then
+u_Z33aJOqty-00748-00169974-00170243 finally you have two options maybe even
+u_Z33aJOqty-00749-00170244-00170411 though they approved it you can close
+u_Z33aJOqty-00750-00170412-00170614 and say you know what I don't think it's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00751-00170615-00170797 gonna be good for the project it happens
+u_Z33aJOqty-00752-00170798-00171113 otherwise it gets merged
+u_Z33aJOqty-00753-00171114-00171371 think it's like oh God I was going to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00754-00171372-00171533 say I think it's a good time to mention
+u_Z33aJOqty-00755-00171534-00171839 okay if you haven't uh had your PR
+u_Z33aJOqty-00756-00171840-00172109 looked at because that's I know a lot of
+u_Z33aJOqty-00757-00172110-00172349 you how do you get eyes on your pull
+u_Z33aJOqty-00758-00172350-00172702 request to get it approved all right
+u_Z33aJOqty-00759-00172703-00173009 that's usually the big question
+u_Z33aJOqty-00760-00173010-00173147 so if we want to talk about that really
+u_Z33aJOqty-00761-00173148-00173357 quickly because we've got five minutes
+u_Z33aJOqty-00762-00173358-00173566 sure yeah um and and just to be clear
+u_Z33aJOqty-00763-00173567-00173759 we're not going over the rest of the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00764-00173760-00174047 actual uh like merge life cycle and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00765-00174048-00174202 release life cycle Helm because we're
+u_Z33aJOqty-00766-00174203-00174352 focusing primarily on the treasury
+u_Z33aJOqty-00767-00174353-00174587 maintainer role here which
+u_Z33aJOqty-00768-00174588-00174785 um kind of interested if like how many
+u_Z33aJOqty-00769-00174786-00174911 people in this audience are going to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00770-00174912-00175121 maybe uh give that a shot and work work
+u_Z33aJOqty-00771-00175122-00175276 on that um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00772-00175277-00175475 we uh
+u_Z33aJOqty-00773-00175476-00175661 we do sometimes need to be pinged
+u_Z33aJOqty-00774-00175662-00175847 because that is our big the big
+u_Z33aJOqty-00775-00175848-00175990 bottleneck that we keep mentioning is
+u_Z33aJOqty-00776-00175991-00176333 that you know there are fewer Helm
+u_Z33aJOqty-00777-00176334-00176525 maintainers now than there have been for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00778-00176526-00176801 a while so um and you know partly
+u_Z33aJOqty-00779-00176802-00177035 because it is a stable project it's not
+u_Z33aJOqty-00780-00177036-00177226 a fast-moving project anymore
+u_Z33aJOqty-00781-00177227-00177388 it also is because some people have
+u_Z33aJOqty-00782-00177389-00177743 moved on to other other things so
+u_Z33aJOqty-00783-00177744-00177952 um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00784-00177953-00178247 if you're when you're actually working
+u_Z33aJOqty-00785-00178248-00178475 on a pull request or helping to review
+u_Z33aJOqty-00786-00178476-00178678 one one of the things that's really
+u_Z33aJOqty-00787-00178679-00178823 important right now or that's very
+u_Z33aJOqty-00788-00178824-00179147 helpful anyway is to bring those up
+u_Z33aJOqty-00789-00179148-00179326 um at the helm meetings we've got a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00790-00179327-00179525 weekly Helm Dev meeting and you don't
+u_Z33aJOqty-00791-00179526-00179645 necessarily even have to be there in
+u_Z33aJOqty-00792-00179646-00179813 person but even just putting them on the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00793-00179814-00179945 agenda
+u_Z33aJOqty-00794-00179946-00180238 um we will make sure to all get those a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00795-00180239-00180485 lot of times all you need to do is Ping
+u_Z33aJOqty-00796-00180486-00180664 we'll talk at the end how to continue
+u_Z33aJOqty-00797-00180665-00180804 how to get in touch with the community
+u_Z33aJOqty-00798-00180805-00181066 talk to our slack Channel and say hey I
+u_Z33aJOqty-00799-00181067-00181235 can't make it I threw it on the agenda
+u_Z33aJOqty-00800-00181236-00181373 just make sure you go ahead and talk
+u_Z33aJOqty-00801-00181374-00181493 about it here's a quick little overview
+u_Z33aJOqty-00802-00181494-00181637 about it yeah you shouldn't have to it's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00803-00181638-00181901 not an official part of the process but
+u_Z33aJOqty-00804-00181902-00182243 um because there's only so much time
+u_Z33aJOqty-00805-00182244-00182554 right now for for core maintainers to to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00806-00182555-00182795 look at these pull requests and to not
+u_Z33aJOqty-00807-00182796-00182933 just look at them but to actually like
+u_Z33aJOqty-00808-00182934-00183161 go through all the steps to ensure that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00809-00183162-00183359 what needs to happen happens and before
+u_Z33aJOqty-00810-00183360-00183557 they before they get merged
+u_Z33aJOqty-00811-00183558-00183845 um we are at this point relying often on
+u_Z33aJOqty-00812-00183846-00184043 people to be a little bit of a squeaky
+u_Z33aJOqty-00813-00184044-00184223 wheel you know you shouldn't have to be
+u_Z33aJOqty-00814-00184224-00184499 you know uh so you don't have to beg
+u_Z33aJOqty-00815-00184500-00184709 basically so if you want give them a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00816-00184710-00184871 ping if you want to become a hell
+u_Z33aJOqty-00817-00184872-00185387 maintainer yeah we all have aspirations
+u_Z33aJOqty-00818-00185388-00185501 um here are the steps that you need to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00819-00185502-00185693 go through you are a general Community
+u_Z33aJOqty-00820-00185694-00185819 member this could be most of the people
+u_Z33aJOqty-00821-00185820-00185926 here in the audience you're a general
+u_Z33aJOqty-00822-00185927-00186083 Community member
+u_Z33aJOqty-00823-00186084-00186251 you can then first be a pull request
+u_Z33aJOqty-00824-00186252-00186407 reviewer because you're just you don't
+u_Z33aJOqty-00825-00186408-00186575 have to be a maintainer or a triage
+u_Z33aJOqty-00826-00186576-00186766 member you can just say hey I went ahead
+u_Z33aJOqty-00827-00186767-00186964 and reviewed it anyone can do it I
+u_Z33aJOqty-00828-00186965-00187252 pulled it down I tested it what's good
+u_Z33aJOqty-00829-00187253-00187493 then we then Elevate to becoming a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00830-00187494-00187643 treehouse maintainer
+u_Z33aJOqty-00831-00187644-00187876 after you go ahead and you perform the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00832-00187877-00188051 action for a while and you like it and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00833-00188052-00188225 you'd be good at it and the core
+u_Z33aJOqty-00834-00188226-00188375 maintainers really see you're doing a
+u_Z33aJOqty-00835-00188376-00188585 good job they'll put you up for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00836-00188586-00188837 vote to become a core maintainer we have
+u_Z33aJOqty-00837-00188838-00189040 a couple recent votes out there right
+u_Z33aJOqty-00838-00189041-00189233 now so there are people who are becoming
+u_Z33aJOqty-00839-00189234-00189383 core maintainers
+u_Z33aJOqty-00840-00189384-00189593 and then finally you can become a core
+u_Z33aJOqty-00841-00189594-00189766 maintainer I love being a core
+u_Z33aJOqty-00842-00189767-00189911 maintainer it's one of the things that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00843-00189912-00190025 makes me excited to get up in the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00844-00190026-00190121 morning is to be able to look at the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00845-00190122-00190252 code base and look at my email and look
+u_Z33aJOqty-00846-00190253-00190414 at the flood that I have from all the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00847-00190415-00190601 issues pull requests and comments that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00848-00190602-00190787 have come in overnight and then finally
+u_Z33aJOqty-00849-00190788-00191081 is that as Karina mentioned and we have
+u_Z33aJOqty-00850-00191082-00191351 a couple of the higher up governing ones
+u_Z33aJOqty-00851-00191352-00191471 especially if you spend time in the
+u_Z33aJOqty-00852-00191472-00191638 project you become then an org
+u_Z33aJOqty-00853-00191639-00191819 maintainer
+u_Z33aJOqty-00854-00191820-00192059 so finally how do you get engaged with
+u_Z33aJOqty-00855-00192060-00192263 the community we have GitHub that's
+u_Z33aJOqty-00856-00192264-00192376 going to be a primary way to get in
+u_Z33aJOqty-00857-00192377-00192478 touch with the community because you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00858-00192479-00192659 know we're all doing code we comment in
+u_Z33aJOqty-00859-00192660-00192964 there we interact we have a kubernetes
+u_Z33aJOqty-00860-00192965-00193181 slack we are on three different channels
+u_Z33aJOqty-00861-00193182-00193390 we have the two primary ones we work on
+u_Z33aJOqty-00862-00193391-00193709 is going to be Helm users and helmdev
+u_Z33aJOqty-00863-00193710-00193895 and then there is a charge one just for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00864-00193896-00194159 me my legacy purposes we have a weekly
+u_Z33aJOqty-00865-00194160-00194507 call us Thursday at 16 30 UTC and then
+u_Z33aJOqty-00866-00194508-00194728 finally we have our mailing list and you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00867-00194729-00194975 can talk to us there and just like that
+u_Z33aJOqty-00868-00194976-00195154 I think we're dead on time thank you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00869-00195155-00195407 yeah and and please please uh come by
+u_Z33aJOqty-00870-00195408-00195640 the help Booth we will look at the code
+u_Z33aJOqty-00871-00195641-00195857 base with you more in depth than we're
+u_Z33aJOqty-00872-00195858-00196133 able to do in this short session but um
+u_Z33aJOqty-00873-00196134-00196276 but please do that if you're if you're
+u_Z33aJOqty-00874-00196277-00196426 interested of course
+u_Z33aJOqty-00875-00196427-00196673 um don't feel in any way shout out and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00876-00196674-00196787 one thing we are doing we're going to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00877-00196788-00197026 start thinking about doing is our Helm
+u_Z33aJOqty-00878-00197027-00197254 maintainers and core contributors are
+u_Z33aJOqty-00879-00197255-00197525 distributed across the world we had a we
+u_Z33aJOqty-00880-00197526-00197807 had one very very successful session in
+u_Z33aJOqty-00881-00197808-00198028 New York City last summer where we
+u_Z33aJOqty-00882-00198029-00198185 actually went through this process with
+u_Z33aJOqty-00883-00198186-00198401 you we're looking at kicking that back
+u_Z33aJOqty-00884-00198402-00198521 off in a number of different cities
+u_Z33aJOqty-00885-00198522-00198737 coming forward so if you're interested
+u_Z33aJOqty-00886-00198738-00198833 we're going to probably have a few
+u_Z33aJOqty-00887-00198834-00198923 meetups we're probably going to
+u_Z33aJOqty-00888-00198924-00199013 coordinate with some of the community
+u_Z33aJOqty-00889-00199014-00199271 days and kubernetes to try to get out in
+u_Z33aJOqty-00890-00199272-00199433 the community so be on the lookout for
+u_Z33aJOqty-00891-00199434-00199625 that so we can get in you can learn
+u_Z33aJOqty-00892-00199626-00199847 about that if even further after this
+u_Z33aJOqty-00893-00199848-00200140 week here in in Amsterdam so thank you
+u_Z33aJOqty-00894-00200141-00200321 very much for joining us today and
+u_Z33aJOqty-00895-00200322-00200535 looking forward to your contributions
+u_Z33aJOqty-00896-00200536-00201149 [Applause]
+uBDl9HMPTfy-00000-00000041-00001574 [Music]
+uBDl9HMPTfy-00001-00001575-00001903 hmm
+uBDl9HMPTfy-00002-00001904-00003431 [Music]
+uBDl9HMPTfy-00003-00003432-00003922 do
+uBDl9HMPTfy-00004-00003924-00004679 [Music]
+uBDl9HMPTfy-00005-00004680-00005187 so
+uBDl9HMPTfy-00006-00005188-00006567 [Music]
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00001-00005303-00005589 bye
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00003-00009711-00010054 this
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00005-00016128-00017519 so
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00006-00017520-00017957 do
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00007-00017958-00019949 [Music]
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00008-00019950-00021341 [Music]
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00009-00021342-00022030 [Music]
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00010-00022031-00022231 do
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00011-00022232-00023358 [Music]
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00012-00023359-00024630 do
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00013-00024631-00024918 so
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00014-00024919-00025468 [Music]
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00015-00025469-00025668 [Applause]
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00016-00025669-00025974 [Music]
+uCstmC1eHHQ-00017-00025975-00026183 you
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00000-00000000-00000179 hello my name is your thought I work at
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00001-00000180-00000482 no.1 Scandinavia this is episode 7 on
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00002-00000483-00000703 the learn rules framework screencast
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00003-00000704-00000904 series I call Bruce a framework rather
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00004-00000905-00001162 than module though it is a module is a
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00005-00001163-00001607 project but it's also framework so this
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00006-00001607-00001763 screencast in a few more we're going to
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00007-00001764-00001918 look at some practical examples of how
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00008-00001919-00002264 to use rules and compare that to what we
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00009-00002265-00002507 want to get some more flesh on on the
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00010-00002508-00002741 examples we saw during the concert
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00011-00002742-00002875 presentation the previous six
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00012-00002876-00003113 screencasts some of those were quite
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00013-00003114-00003361 strange and awkward and I thought it
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00014-00003363-00003584 might be good to see some real world use
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00015-00003585-00003974 cases of this module and so right and
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00016-00003975-00004268 before going into that I as usual want
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00017-00004269-00004481 to mention the learn drupal library at
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00018-00004482-00004688 node 1 dot SE and this tab up here learn
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00019-00004689-00004919 drupal and we have a lot of screencast
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00020-00004920-00005135 series and exercise series if you want
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00021-00005136-00005249 to learn drupal in particular
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00022-00005250-00005525 configuration and we all have a book
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00023-00005526-00005809 about drupal configuration and it
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00024-00005810-00006002 contains all the essential stuff you
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00025-00006003-00006163 need to know when working with drupal
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00026-00006164-00006418 and then you can continue to learn more
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00027-00006419-00006683 as you specialize on your field so if
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00028-00006684-00006914 you're a site builder or or configure it
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00029-00006915-00007088 with group of this book it's definitely
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00030-00007089-00007345 what you want to have if you're a coder
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00031-00007347-00007601 for drupal it won't learn drupal coding
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00032-00007602-00007739 you definitely want this book as well
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00033-00007740-00007924 because you shouldn't learn coding
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00034-00007925-00008081 without learning configuration first
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00035-00008081-00008426 you'll bring them to the wheel and while
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00036-00008427-00008860 causing a lot of unnecessary work and if
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00037-00008861-00009323 you're a project manager or femur you
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00038-00009324-00009644 you also want to have this book I guess
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00039-00009645-00009874 if you want to start Drupal because it
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00040-00009875-00010073 covers all the essential stuff that you
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00041-00010074-00010285 should know about but you can skip say
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00042-00010286-00010456 the last half of the book or a third of
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00043-00010457-00010678 the book or so and because it's probably
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00044-00010679-00010853 not that interesting to you if you're a
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00045-00010854-00011171 Drupal customer client and then you
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00046-00011172-00011435 could get this book as well and we say
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00047-00011436-00011692 the first third or something maybe the
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00048-00011693-00012062 first half of the book right so that's
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00049-00012063-00012302 it here's the Sun bauxite we have a new
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00050-00012303-00012503 clean sound box site that I'm using
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00051-00012504-00012767 nothing particular about it and I
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00052-00012768-00012922 thought in this screencast we're going
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00053-00012923-00013074 to mimic somebody
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00054-00013075-00013266 ality found in the login destination
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00055-00013266-00013593 module that allows you to set a page
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00056-00013594-00013794 that you're redirected to when logging
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00057-00013794-00014354 in we're going to do that and and have
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00058-00014355-00014577 administrators be redirected to the
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00059-00014578-00014826 content overview page from the login so
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00060-00014827-00015033 they see any new content posted to the
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00061-00015034-00015263 site and we're going to have regular
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00062-00015265-00015597 visitors and regular users redirected to
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00063-00015597-00015984 the front page and this feature will be
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00064-00015985-00016218 available in the rules bonus pack module
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00065-00016219-00016692 or be as the machine name and some kind
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00066-00016693-00017075 of experimental or sandbox project for
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00067-00017076-00017322 features and functionality concerning
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00068-00017323-00017703 Brooks right i should say this is not a
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00069-00017704-00017952 module intent for live use so even if
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00070-00017953-00018105 you find useful stuff and it don't
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00071-00018106-00018474 depend on it for production sites right
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00072-00018475-00018827 so here is a sandbox side and one have a
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00073-00018828-00019131 some rules acting when you log into the
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00074-00019132-00019400 site I've enabled rules that's the only
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00075-00019401-00019731 module will functional function
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00076-00019732-00019917 providing module I've enabled on this
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00077-00019918-00020222 site rest just like navigation stuff
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00078-00020223-00020655 here so heading over to rules we have no
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00079-00020656-00020985 and no reaction rules right now so I'm
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00080-00020986-00021309 adding a new one and starting at the
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00081-00021310-00021657 event here we can see that down at the
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00082-00021658-00021882 bottom of your user we have an event
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00083-00021883-00022263 called user has logged in as pretty
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00084-00022264-00022434 useful in our case because we want to do
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00085-00022435-00022617 something with some of those loggia i'm
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00086-00022618-00023025 going to call this first rule and login
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00087-00023026-00023447 redirects redirect for administrators
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00088-00023448-00023655 i'm going to give this a tag as well
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00089-00023656-00023787 because that's kind of useful when you
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00090-00023788-00023922 want to export stuff and put it into
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00091-00023923-00024252 module so i'm going to call this and
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00092-00024253-00025125 lower login redirect redirect you okay
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00093-00025126-00025619 save so cool and the most important or
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00094-00025620-00025764 most interesting thing here is the
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00095-00025764-00026003 redirect actions i'm skipping right to
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00096-00026004-00026412 that adding an action it's found on this
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00097-00026413-00026704 system in a section here it says page
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00098-00026705-00027289 redirect selecting that one and checking
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00099-00027289-00027576 which off we should take your it's
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00100-00027577-00027880 called admin / content okay so we should
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00101-00027881-00028536 go to a min / content it should we force
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00102-00028537-00028717 redirect I don't think that's an
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00103-00028718-00028914 appropriate in this case because pretty
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00104-00028915-00029226 often you log in and get this
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00105-00029227-00029520 destination equals and the page you are
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00106-00029521-00029764 at right then and probably don't want to
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00107-00029764-00030004 be redirected to the content or review
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00108-00030005-00030417 page in such a case because you want to
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00109-00030418-00030543 stay in the context that you are when
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00110-00030544-00030771 you logged in on the other end if you go
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00111-00030772-00030996 directly to the login window say @ /
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00112-00030997-00031286 user or user block on the front page and
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00113-00031287-00031711 then you will probably want to be
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00114-00031712-00031908 redirected to the account overview page
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00115-00031909-00032183 so I'm d selecting this force redirect a
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00116-00032184-00032761 pem destination parameter here no I will
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00117-00032762-00033012 not I don't think that's necessary in
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00118-00033013-00033564 this case alright so now this will
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00119-00033565-00033811 happen for everyone logging in that's
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00120-00033812-00033963 not really what I want to do right now
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00121-00033964-00034210 and only administrators should be
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00122-00034211-00034386 redirected so I'm adding a condition
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00123-00034387-00034671 here and done at the bottom and among
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00124-00034672-00034914 the user things again we have user has
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00125-00034915-00035493 roles you could potentially useful at
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00126-00035494-00035832 least in theory use and a condition user
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00127-00035833-00036073 has permission which could be useful in
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00128-00036074-00036333 this case because you might not have the
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00129-00036334-00036670 administrator role in at all sides you
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00130-00036671-00036904 might have other roles as well that also
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00131-00036905-00037158 manage content on your site you won't
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00132-00037159-00037383 have all of these and be redirected to
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00133-00037384-00037579 the content overview page so then you
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00134-00037580-00037798 can check for permission to manage
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00135-00037799-00038026 content for example and redirect those
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00136-00038027-00038289 users when they log in that is not
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00137-00038290-00038551 available in rules standard so and it
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00138-00038552-00038757 might be available at some point in
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00139-00038758-00038923 rules bonus packing with people like it
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00140-00038924-00039279 it might go into the rules core module
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00141-00039280-00039636 okay so let's see what we have
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00142-00039637-00039857 when it comes to use your counselor we
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00143-00039858-00040174 have the account login user we also have
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00144-00040175-00040436 your site current user I think that's a
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00145-00040437-00040777 bad idea I'm going to use the account
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00146-00040778-00041018 instead if we get the signs and the
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00147-00041019-00041321 global acting user we might end up with
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00148-00041322-00041573 the anonymous user that's not yet logged
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00149-00041574-00041839 in i'm not sure because the user becomes
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00150-00041840-00042224 login link in the page load process so
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00151-00042225-00042424 it seems like good idea the account
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00152-00042425-00042877 should be administrator save alright so
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00153-00042878-00043061 once on logs in if their administrators
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00154-00043062-00043280 redirect to the content overview page
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00155-00043281-00043529 let's see if this works switching to
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00156-00043530-00043745 google chrome chrome another browser
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00157-00043746-00044126 here same site and try and log in with
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00158-00044127-00044357 my root account which is an
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00159-00044358-00044582 administrator now this would not have
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00160-00044583-00044852 worked if I was not an administrator if
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00161-00044853-00045082 I didn't have the administrator role
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00162-00045083-00045899 login back let's just double-check that
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00163-00045900-00046592 I have so I have the administrator
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00164-00046593-00046839 account okay so what's going on there
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00165-00046840-00047282 let's log out here and just clear the
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00166-00047283-00048346 cache for sake of it right logging in
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00167-00048347-00049564 again what's up login no so what's
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00168-00049565-00049846 happening here then user has logged in
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00169-00049847-00050135 user estoril administrator page redirect
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00170-00050136-00050455 to admin / content force redirect false
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00171-00050456-00050858 maybe i need this redirect force
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00172-00050859-00051295 redirect so logging out again this is
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00173-00051296-00051829 very fun indeed route yeah okay so I
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00174-00051830-00052010 need the fourth redirect that's kind of
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00175-00052011-00052501 a surprise for me and all right then
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00176-00052502-00052646 that's a lesson from this screencast you
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00177-00052647-00052796 need the force redirect if you want
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00178-00052797-00053111 redirect working on the login probably
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00179-00053112-00053534 there is a hidden destination used when
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00180-00053535-00054166 you login them cool right so let's do
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00181-00054167-00054331 another rule here for people who are not
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00182-00054332-00055072 administrators rules add new room with
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00183-00055073-00055666 login redirect for non administrators
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00184-00055666-00055966 going to give this the same tag because
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00185-00055967-00056187 I want to group them together later on
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00186-00056188-00056486 reactron event same thing here user has
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00187-00056487-00057059 logged in save all right and I want to
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00188-00057060-00057872 redirect to the front page so taking the
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00189-00057873-00058160 system page redirect here and I should
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00190-00058161-00059043 be able to use front like this maybe
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00191-00059044-00059453 worst case i can use a site URL here but
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00192-00059454-00059950 let's see if if frontier works for three
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00193-00059951-00060116 direct yeah we know i should probably
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00194-00060116-00060763 use this one by am okay and i also need
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00195-00060764-00061010 another user account so let's add a user
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00196-00061011-00061894 here going to call it a test user it's
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00197-00061895-00062400 me some time I think no no sneezing too
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00198-00062401-00062741 no administrator trading account Oh
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00199-00062741-00062938 which reminds me we should have a
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00200-00062939-00063099 condition here checking bad we're not
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00201-00063100-00063619 administrators at condition user has
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00202-00063620-00064318 roles account administrator negates so
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00203-00064319-00064535 we check if it's an administrator only
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00204-00064536-00064790 if it's not an administrator we should
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00205-00064791-00065321 do something right you just logged in
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00206-00065322-00065542 and not user or administrator page
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00207-00065543-00065741 redirect front okay so let's see if this
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00208-00065742-00066112 works then log out
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00209-00066113-00066572 test test the right we are so this is
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00210-00066573-00066775 might not be very interesting i was on
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00211-00066776-00067028 the front page already so let's go to
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00212-00067029-00067543 slash user login from here and I'm
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00213-00067544-00067744 redirected to the front page right cool
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00214-00067745-00067978 and that's one of the ways you can use
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00215-00067979-00068356 rules rave a small configuration and you
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00216-00068357-00068563 get some pretty nice functionality on
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00217-00068564-00068797 website in the next screencast we're
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00218-00068798-00068990 looking at sending out messages and
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00219-00068991-00069331 notifications on new comments see you
+uGrmbq39_DQ-00220-00069332-00069619 there bye
+uGLAKFfqYXI-00000-00000016-00000342 do i ditch my friends or ditch my dreams
+uGLAKFfqYXI-00001-00000343-00000703 friends dreams friends dreams
+uGLAKFfqYXI-00002-00000704-00001400 friends wow this is really confusing
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00000-00000023-00000443 ASA gray November 18 1810 to January
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00001-00000444-00000695 30th 1888 is considered the most
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00002-00000696-00000928 important American botanist of the 19th
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00003-00000930-00001225 century his Darwin Jana was considered
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00004-00001226-00001445 an important explanation of how religion
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00005-00001446-00001609 and science were not necessarily
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00006-00001610-00001907 mutually exclusive gray was adamant that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00007-00001907-00002096 a genetic connection must exist between
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00008-00002097-00002260 all members of a species
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00009-00002261-00002518 he was also strongly opposed to the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00010-00002519-00002714 ideas of hybridization within one
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00011-00002715-00002924 generation and special creation in the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00012-00002925-00003113 sense of its not allowing for evolution
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00013-00003114-00003304 as he felt evolution was guided by a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00014-00003305-00003620 creator as a professor of botany at
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00015-00003621-00003806 Harvard University for several decades
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00016-00003807-00004090 gray regularly visited and correspondent
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00017-00004092-00004211 with many of the leading natural
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00018-00004212-00004447 scientists of the era including Charles
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00019-00004448-00004634 Darwin who held great regard for him
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00020-00004635-00004904 gray made several trips to Europe to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00021-00004905-00005069 collaborate with leading European
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00022-00005070-00005276 scientists of the era as well as trips
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00023-00005277-00005408 to the southern and western United
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00024-00005409-00005681 States he also built an extensive
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00025-00005682-00005913 network of specimen collectors a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00026-00005914-00006184 prolific writer he was instrumental in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00027-00006185-00006388 unifying the taxonomic knowledge of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00028-00006389-00006656 plants of North America of Gray's many
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00029-00006656-00006895 works on botany the most popular was his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00030-00006897-00007064 manual of the botany of the northern
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00031-00007065-00007244 United States from New England to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00032-00007245-00007427 Wisconsin and South to Ohio and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00033-00007428-00007634 Pennsylvania inclusive known today
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00034-00007634-00007913 simply as Gray's manual gray was the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00035-00007914-00008108 sole author of the first five editions
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00036-00008109-00008303 of the book and co-author of the sixth
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00037-00008304-00008516 with botanical illustrations by Isaac
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00038-00008517-00008741 Spray further editions have been
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00039-00008742-00008924 published and it remains a standard in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00040-00008925-00009178 the field gray also worked extensively
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00041-00009179-00009383 on the phenomenon that is now called the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00042-00009384-00009698 ASA gray disjunction namely the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00043-00009699-00009908 surprising morphological similarities
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00044-00009909-00010114 between many eastern Asian and eastern
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00045-00010115-00010414 North American plants several structures
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00046-00010415-00010621 geographic features and plants have been
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00047-00010622-00011228 named after gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00048-00011229-00011838 topic early life and education
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00049-00011839-00012099 gray was born in Sukhoi New York on
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00050-00012100-00012413 November 18th 1810 to Moses gray be
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00051-00012414-00012846 February 26 to 1786 then a Tanner and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00052-00012847-00013350 Roxana Howard gray be March 15 1789 born
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00053-00013351-00013557 in the back of his father's tannery gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00054-00013558-00013718 was the eldest of their eight children
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00055-00013719-00013988 Gray's paternal great-grandfather had
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00056-00013990-00014190 arrived in Boston from Northern Ireland
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00057-00014191-00014505 in 1718 Gray's scotch-irish Presbyterian
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00058-00014506-00014685 ancestors had moved to New York from
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00059-00014686-00014877 Massachusetts in Vermont after Shay's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00060-00014878-00015141 rebellion his parents married on July
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00061-00015141-00015488 30th 1809 tanneries needed a lot of wood
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00062-00015490-00015669 to burn and the lumber supply in the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00063-00015669-00015866 area had been shrinking so Gray's father
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00064-00015868-00016071 used his profits to buy farms in the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00065-00016072-00016371 area and in about 1823 sold the tannery
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00066-00016372-00016581 and became a farmer gray was an avid
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00067-00016582-00016836 reader even in his youth he completed
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00068-00016837-00017109 Clinton Grammar School from about 1823
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00069-00017110-00017361 to 1825 in those years reading many
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00070-00017362-00017535 books from the nearby library at
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00071-00017536-00017901 Hamilton College in 1825 he enrolled at
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00072-00017902-00018102 Fairfield Academy switching to its
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00073-00018103-00018327 Fairfield Medical College also known as
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00074-00018328-00018486 the Medical College of the Western
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00075-00018487-00018777 District of Fairfield in autumn 1826 it
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00076-00018778-00019041 was during this time that gray began to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00077-00019042-00019328 mount botanical specimens on a trip to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00078-00019329-00019521 New York City he attempted to meet with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00079-00019522-00019689 John Tory to get assistance in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00080-00019690-00019917 identifying specimens but Tory was not
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00081-00019918-00020115 home so gray left the specimens at
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00082-00020116-00020406 Tory's house Tory was so impressed with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00083-00020407-00020565 Gray's specimens that he began a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00084-00020566-00020862 correspondence with him gray graduated
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00085-00020863-00021194 and became an MD in February 1831 even
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00086-00021195-00021390 though he was not yet 21 years of age
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00087-00021391-00021567 which was a requirement at the time
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00088-00021568-00021843 although gray did open a medical office
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00089-00021844-00022038 in Bridgewater New York where he had
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00090-00022039-00022230 served an apprenticeship with dr. John
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00091-00022231-00022389 Foote Trowbridge while he was in medical
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00092-00022390-00022614 school he never truly practiced medicine
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00093-00022615-00022890 as he enjoyed botany more it was around
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00094-00022891-00023018 this time that he began making
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00095-00023019-00023249 explorations in New York and New Jersey
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00096-00023250-00023613 by autumn 1831 he had essentially given
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00097-00023614-00023802 up his medical practice to devote more
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00098-00023803-00024102 time to botany in 1832 he was hired to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00099-00024103-00024369 teach chemistry mineralogy and botany at
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00100-00024370-00024564 Bartlett's High School in Utica New York
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00101-00024565-00024758 and at Fairfield Medical School
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00102-00024759-00024939 replacing instructors who had died in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00103-00024940-00025215 mid term agreeing to teach for one
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00104-00025216-00025356 year with a break from August to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00105-00025357-00025638 December 1832 gray had to cancel his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00106-00025639-00025875 plans for an expedition to Mexico which
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00107-00025876-00026022 at the time included what is now the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00108-00026023-00026327 southwestern United States gray first
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00109-00026329-00026649 met Tory in person in September 1832 and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00110-00026650-00026850 they went on an expedition to New Jersey
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00111-00026851-00027126 after completing his teaching assignment
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00112-00027127-00027458 in Utica on August 1st 1833 gray became
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00113-00027460-00027645 an assistant to Tory at the College of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00114-00027645-00027843 Physicians and Surgeons in New York City
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00115-00027844-00028155 by this time gray was corresponding and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00116-00028156-00028356 trading specimens with botanists not
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00117-00028357-00028595 just in America but also in Asia Europe
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00118-00028597-00028877 and the Pacific Islands gray held a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00119-00028879-00029157 temporary teaching position in 1834 at
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00120-00029158-00029376 Hamilton College due to funding
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00121-00029377-00029691 shortages in 1835 Gray was obliged to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00122-00029692-00029904 leave his job as Tory's assistant and in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00123-00029905-00030216 February or March 1836 became curator
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00124-00030217-00030435 and librarian at the Lyceum of Natural
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00125-00030436-00030612 History in New York now called the New
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00126-00030613-00030879 York Academy of Sciences he had an
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00127-00030880-00031029 apartment in their new building in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00128-00031030-00031254 Manhattan Tory's attempt to get gray a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00129-00031255-00031452 job at Princeton University was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00130-00031452-00031662 unsuccessful as were other attempts to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00131-00031663-00031835 find him a position in science
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00132-00031836-00032064 despite gray no longer being his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00133-00032064-00032247 assistant Torrey and gray became
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00134-00032248-00032427 lifelong friends and colleagues
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00135-00032427-00032742 Tory's wife Eliza Tory had a profound
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00136-00032743-00032988 impact upon gray and his manners tastes
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00137-00032989-00033438 habits and religious life topic career
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00138-00033439-00033740 in October 1836 gray was selected to be
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00139-00033741-00033906 one of the botanists on the United
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00140-00033907-00034140 States exploring expedition also known
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00141-00034141-00034305 as the Wilks expedition which was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00142-00034306-00034608 supposed to last three years gray began
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00143-00034609-00034779 getting paid well for his work preparing
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00144-00034780-00035019 and planning for this expedition even to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00145-00035020-00035184 the point of loading supplies onto a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00146-00035185-00035321 ship in New York Harbor
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00147-00035322-00035589 however the expedition was fraught with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00148-00035590-00035844 politics bickering turmoil inefficiency
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00149-00035845-00036153 and delays referring to the Secretary of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00150-00036154-00036384 the Navy Malin Dickerson gray wrote of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00151-00036385-00036602 abominable management and stupidity
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00152-00036603-00036843 despite this gray resigned from the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00153-00036844-00037115 Lyceum in April 1837 to devote his time
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00154-00037116-00037452 to the preparations by 1838 the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00155-00037453-00037698 expedition was in utter turmoil the new
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00156-00037699-00037863 state of Michigan was starting its
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00157-00037864-00038046 University and gray applied for a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00158-00038047-00038390 professorship in early 1838 he resigned
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00159-00038391-00038613 from the Wilks expedition on July 10
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00160-00038614-00039027 18:38 on July 17 1838 gray became the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00161-00039028-00039234 very first permanent paid professor at
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00162-00039235-00039441 the newly founded University of Michigan
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00163-00039442-00039594 although in the event he never taught
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00164-00039595-00039894 classes his position was also the first
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00165-00039895-00040089 one devoted solely to botany at any
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00166-00040090-00040331 educational institution in America
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00167-00040332-00040557 appointed professor of botany and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00168-00040558-00040800 zoology gray was dispatched to Europe by
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00169-00040801-00040974 the Regents of the University for the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00170-00040975-00041163 purpose of purchasing a suitable array
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00171-00041164-00041328 of books to form the university's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00172-00041329-00041490 library and equipment such as
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00173-00041491-00041778 microscopes to aid research botanist
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00174-00041779-00041982 Charles F Jenkins states that the main
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00175-00041983-00042156 purpose of this trip was to examine
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00176-00042157-00042377 American flora in Europe's herb areum's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00177-00042378-00042615 gray departed on the packet ship
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00178-00042616-00042891 Philadelphia on November 9th 1838
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00179-00042892-00043068 sailing through the narrows out of New
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00180-00043069-00043281 York Harbor nine days before his 28th
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00181-00043282-00043560 birthday gray in the Regents were both
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00182-00043561-00043737 involved in stocking the University
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00183-00043738-00044100 Library in 1839 the Regents purchased a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00184-00044101-00044316 complete copy of Audubon's the birds of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00185-00044317-00044511 America for the then extraordinary sum
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00186-00044512-00044781 of nine hundred seventy dollars Gray's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00187-00044782-00045009 first stop was in Glasgow visiting
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00188-00045010-00045225 William Hooker who aided and financially
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00189-00045226-00045441 supported many botanists including gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00190-00045442-00045849 On January 16 1839 he arrived in London
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00191-00045850-00046146 and stayed until March 14th he then
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00192-00046147-00046308 spent time in Paris where he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00193-00046309-00046494 collaborated with Joseph de Ken at the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00194-00046495-00046611 Jardin des Plantes
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00195-00046612-00046977 in mid-april 1839 he left Paris for
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00196-00046978-00047169 Italy by way of southern France than
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00197-00047170-00047406 visiting Genoa Rome Florence Venice
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00198-00047407-00047757 Bologna Padua and Trieste after Italy
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00199-00047758-00047958 gray went to Vienna Austria
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00200-00047959-00048186 while in Vienna he spent twelve days
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00201-00048187-00048378 studying specimen collections and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00202-00048379-00048573 gardens with Stefan and liqueur who also
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00203-00048574-00048786 introduced him to other local botanists
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00204-00048787-00049128 in 1840 n liqueur became director of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00205-00049129-00049320 botanical garden of the University of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00206-00049321-00049620 Vienna departing Austria gray went to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00207-00049621-00049833 Munich Zurich and Geneva where he met
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00208-00049834-00050040 the prominent botanist Agustin pyramus
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00209-00050041-00050373 de candolle who died in 1841 gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00210-00050374-00050589 continued extensive collaboration with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00211-00050590-00050793 de candles son Alphonse pyramus de
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00212-00050794-00051096 candolle gray returned to Germany going
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00213-00051097-00051348 to Freiburg tubing in Dresden Halle and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00214-00051349-00051524 then Berlin where he stayed for a month
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00215-00051525-00051789 while in Berlin he spent most of his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00216-00051790-00051966 time in Schoenberg where the region's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00217-00051966-00051999 but
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00218-00052000-00052277 gardens were then located gray then
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00219-00052278-00052461 returned to London by way of Hamburg
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00220-00052462-00052698 gray admitted he just managed some of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00221-00052699-00052829 the book purchasing and that he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00222-00052830-00053040 delegated the actual buying of books to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00223-00053041-00053226 George Palmer Putnam who was then living
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00224-00053227-00053484 in London gray spent a year in Europe
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00225-00053485-00053676 leaving for America from Portsmouth
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00226-00053677-00053898 England aboard the sailing ship Toronto
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00227-00053899-00054219 on October 1st 1839 and arriving back in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00228-00054220-00054510 New York on November 4th gray together
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00229-00054511-00054702 with his agents eventually purchased
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00230-00054703-00055008 about 3700 books for the University of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00231-00055009-00055275 Michigan library the Regents at the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00232-00055276-00055488 University of Michigan were so impressed
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00233-00055489-00055695 by Gray's work in Europe including his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00234-00055696-00056010 spending about $1,500 of his own money
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00235-00056011-00056192 on specimen collections that they
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00236-00056194-00056366 granted him another year's salary that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00237-00056367-00056621 covered him until the summer of 1841
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00238-00056622-00056907 however finances at the University were
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00239-00056908-00057099 so bad that they asked him to resign in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00240-00057100-00057444 April 1840 well he was in Paris at the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00241-00057445-00057570 Jardin des Plantes
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00242-00057571-00057786 gray saw an unnamed dried specimen
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00243-00057787-00058008 collected by andré Michaux and named it
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00244-00058009-00058248 shorty aglaea folia he spent
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00245-00058249-00058422 considerable time and effort over the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00246-00058423-00058667 next 38 years looking for a specimen in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00247-00058669-00058955 the wild the first such expedition was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00248-00058957-00059255 in late June to late July 1841 to an
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00249-00059257-00059441 area near Jefferson Ashe County North
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00250-00059442-00059721 Carolina his further expedition
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00251-00059722-00059907 searching for this species were also
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00252-00059908-00060234 unsuccessful including one in 1876 in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00253-00060235-00060632 may 1877 a North Carolina herb collector
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00254-00060633-00060807 found a specimen but did not know what
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00255-00060808-00061053 it was eighteen months later the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00256-00061054-00061227 collector sent it to Joseph Whipple
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00257-00061228-00061454 kangen who contacted grey telling gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00258-00061455-00061713 that he felt he had found shorty ax Gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00259-00061714-00061914 was ecstatic to confirm this when he saw
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00260-00061915-00062279 the specimen in October 1878 in spring
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00261-00062280-00062610 1879 gray led an expedition in which the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00262-00062611-00062757 collector helped to the spot where
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00263-00062758-00063032 escalade see folia had been found gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00264-00063033-00063228 never saw the species in the wild in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00265-00063229-00063404 bloom but made a final trip to this
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00266-00063405-00064038 region in 1884
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00267-00064039-00064573 topic harvard professor
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00268-00064574-00064813 both gray and Tory were elected to the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00269-00064814-00065062 American Academy of Arts and Sciences in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00270-00065063-00065398 December 1841 gray never returned to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00271-00065399-00065725 teach a course at Michigan in 1833 dr.
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00272-00065726-00065950 Joshua Fisher a resident of Beverly
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00273-00065951-00066184 Massachusetts and a Harvard University
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00274-00066185-00066472 alumnus bequeathed $20,000 to Harvard to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00275-00066473-00066702 endow a chair in Natural History the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00276-00066703-00066916 university allowed the proceeds to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00277-00066917-00067096 accumulate until it could fund a full
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00278-00067097-00067372 year's salary for a professor because of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00279-00067373-00067561 this and a few problems in finding a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00280-00067562-00067756 suitable professor this chair was not
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00281-00067757-00067948 filled until it was formally offered to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00282-00067949-00068358 gray on March 26 1842 the offer was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00283-00068359-00068629 $1,000 per year salary teaching duties
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00284-00068630-00068830 limited to only botany and being
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00285-00068831-00069028 superintendent of Harvard's Botanic
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00286-00069029-00069292 Garden while the salary was low the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00287-00069293-00069481 teaching limitation rare for the time
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00288-00069482-00069646 allowed him plenty of time to do
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00289-00069647-00069843 research and work in the Botanic Garden
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00290-00069844-00070090 after an exchange of letters gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00291-00070091-00070267 accepted this appointment as Fisher
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00292-00070268-00070474 professor of Natural History at Harvard
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00293-00070475-00070729 the formal appointment was made April
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00294-00070730-00071071 30th 1842 gray arrived at Harvard on
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00295-00071072-00071422 July 22nd 1842 and began his duties in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00296-00071423-00071665 September he did not have to teach in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00297-00071666-00071952 the fall of 1842 but began in spring
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00298-00071953-00072226 1843 the first classes he had taught in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00299-00072227-00072511 nine years early in his years at Harvard
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00300-00072512-00072711 grey had to borrow money from his father
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00301-00072712-00072997 soon he was able to repay his father and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00302-00072998-00073177 help his family by supplementing his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00303-00073178-00073351 income giving lectures outside of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00304-00073352-00073501 Harvard including at the Lowell
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00305-00073502-00073771 Institute grey was considered a weak
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00306-00073772-00073954 lecturer but because of his expert
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00307-00073955-00074137 knowledge he was highly regarded by his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00308-00074138-00074413 peers his skills were better suited to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00309-00074414-00074563 teaching advanced rather than
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00310-00074564-00074833 introductory classes he also gained
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00311-00074834-00074986 renowned for his textbooks and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00312-00074987-00075232 high-quality illustrations gray moved
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00313-00075233-00075421 into what became known as the ASA grey
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00314-00075422-00075595 house in the botanic garden in the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00315-00075596-00075982 summer of 1844 it had been built in 1810
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00316-00075983-00076168 for William Dandridge Peck and later
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00317-00076169-00076420 occupied by Thomas Nutt Hall as the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00318-00076421-00076642 demands of teaching collecting selling
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00319-00076643-00076834 specimens taking care of the herbarium
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00320-00076835-00077038 and writing books increased and he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00321-00077039-00077248 himself was not a good illustrator gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00322-00077249-00077467 found it necessary to hire a botanical
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00323-00077468-00077647 illustrator Isaac Sprague who
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00324-00077648-00077833 Illustrated much of Gray's works for
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00325-00077834-00077965 decades to come by June
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00326-00077966-00078214 18:48 many of the specimens from the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00327-00078215-00078400 Wilkes expedition had been damaged or
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00328-00078401-00078706 lost many were still not classified or
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00329-00078707-00078883 published as the mismanagement and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00330-00078884-00079084 bungling that had plagued the expedition
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00331-00079085-00079330 before it ever departed continued while
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00332-00079331-00079570 on a trip to Washington DC that month
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00333-00079571-00079762 with his new bride gray was hired to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00334-00079763-00079960 study the botanical specimens for five
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00335-00079961-00080218 years this included a year in Europe
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00336-00080219-00080431 with his wife using the facilities at
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00337-00080432-00080563 the herbarium Zin Europe
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00338-00080564-00080845 mr. and mrs. gray departed for England
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00339-00080846-00081178 on June 11th 1850 they spent the summer
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00340-00081179-00081412 traveling to Belgium Switzerland Germany
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00341-00081413-00081700 and the Netherlands gray then sat down
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00342-00081701-00081913 to work on the expedition's plant sheets
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00343-00081914-00082126 at the estate of botanist Georg Bentham
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00344-00082127-00082318 whom he had met eleven years earlier and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00345-00082319-00082480 then with William Henry Harvey in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00346-00082481-00082747 Ireland gray returned to England and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00347-00082748-00082921 settled into a routine at the Royal
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00348-00082922-00083230 Botanic Gardens Kew the couple was back
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00349-00083231-00083620 in America on September 4th 1851 in the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00350-00083621-00083809 meantime a dispute had arisen between
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00351-00083810-00084046 Wilkes and a team of Tory and Gray about
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00352-00084047-00084217 the format of the books resulting from
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00353-00084218-00084487 the expedition Gray almost hired his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00354-00084488-00084679 father-in-law to break the contract
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00355-00084680-00084913 this dispute largely centred on the use
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00356-00084914-00085141 of Latin in English Wilkes wanted a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00357-00085142-00085339 literal Latin to English translation
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00358-00085340-00085543 while Tory and gray wanted a looser one
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00359-00085544-00085708 because they felt that technical English
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00360-00085709-00085930 terms were equally incomprehensible to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00361-00085931-00086194 the public much of the work was stymied
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00362-00086195-00086572 or burned in fires in 1855 Tory and grey
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00363-00086573-00086803 contributed a report on the botany of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00364-00086804-00087073 the expedition to volume 2 of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00365-00087074-00087298 reports of explorations and surveys to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00366-00087299-00087481 ascertain the most practicable and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00367-00087482-00087682 economical route for a railroad from the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00368-00087683-00087865 Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00369-00087866-00088081 known as the Pacific Railroad surveys
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00370-00088082-00088330 the report included a catalogue of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00371-00088331-00088540 plants collected along with ten black
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00372-00088541-00088843 and white plates for illustration during
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00373-00088844-00089119 the late summer of 1855 gray made his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00374-00089120-00089350 third trip to Europe this was an
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00375-00089351-00089512 emergency trip to bring his ill
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00376-00089513-00089779 brother-in-law home from Paris gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00377-00089780-00089971 spent only three weeks in London in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00378-00089972-00090154 Paris and on the way back he read the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00379-00090155-00090352 newly published geography botanic
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00380-00090353-00090634 raisonné by Alphonse de candolle this
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00381-00090635-00090811 was a groundbreaking book that for the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00382-00090812-00090970 first time brought together the large
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00383-00090971-00091147 mass of data being collected by the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00384-00091148-00091333 expeditions of the time
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00385-00091334-00091558 the Natural Sciences had become highly
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00386-00091559-00091762 specialized yet this book synthesized
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00387-00091763-00091975 them to explain living organisms within
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00388-00091976-00092146 their environment and why plants were
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00389-00092147-00092335 distributed the way they were all upon a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00390-00092336-00092644 geologic scale gray instantly saw that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00391-00092645-00092893 this brought taxonomic botany into focus
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00392-00092894-00093067 despite grey constantly seeking
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00393-00093068-00093238 collectors and people to help him with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00394-00093239-00093442 the Harvard herbarium in the first 15
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00395-00093443-00093646 years he was at Harvard no graduate
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00396-00093647-00093928 entered botany as a career this changed
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00397-00093929-00094213 in 1858 with the arrival of daniel katie
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00398-00094214-00094396 eden who had graduated from Yale
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00399-00094397-00094678 University in 1857 and came to Harvard
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00400-00094679-00094969 to study with gray even later returned
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00401-00094970-00095173 to Yale to be a botany professor and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00402-00095174-00095389 oversee its herbarium just as graded at
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00403-00095390-00095662 Harvard Daniel even was the grandson of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00404-00095663-00095878 Amos even whose textbooks gray had
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00405-00095879-00096145 studied during his college days even
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00406-00096146-00096334 influenced the teaching style of grey
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00407-00096335-00096532 and both required practical work of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00408-00096533-00096796 their students grey retained the Fisher
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00409-00096797-00097075 post until 1873 while living in the ASA
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00410-00097076-00097384 gray house in 1859 gray was elected a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00411-00097385-00097537 foreign member of the Royal Swedish
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00412-00097538-00097879 Academy of Sciences the National Academy
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00413-00097880-00098104 of Sciences was created by Congress on
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00414-00098105-00098377 March 3rd 1863 and he was one of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00415-00098378-00098794 original 50 members in 1864 gray donated
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00416-00098795-00099124 200-thousand plant specimens in 2,200
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00417-00099125-00099289 books to Harvard with the condition that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00418-00099290-00099553 the herbarium and garden be built this
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00419-00099554-00099724 effectively created the botany
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00420-00099725-00099889 department at Harvard and the gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00421-00099890-00100135 herbarium was named after him he was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00422-00100136-00100294 president of the American Association
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00423-00100295-00100588 for the Advancement of Science in 1872
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00424-00100589-00100810 and of the American Academy of Arts and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00425-00100811-00101296 Sciences 1863 to 1873 grey was also a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00426-00101297-00101532 regent at the Smithsonian Institution in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00427-00101533-00101857 1874 to 1888 and a foreign member of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00428-00101858-00102204 Royal Society of London in 1873 the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00429-00102205-00102547 elements of botany 1836 an introductory
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00430-00102548-00102756 textbook was the first of Gray's many
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00431-00102757-00103048 works in this book gray espoused the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00432-00103049-00103276 idea that botany was useful not only to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00433-00103277-00103569 medicine but also to farmers grey and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00434-00103570-00103747 Torrey published the flora of North
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00435-00103748-00104077 America together in 1838 by the mid
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00436-00104078-00104323 1850s the demands of teaching research
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00437-00104324-00104578 gardening collecting and corresponding
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00438-00104579-00104706 had become so great
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00439-00104707-00104872 and he had become so influential that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00440-00104873-00105108 gray wrote to high school level texts in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00441-00105109-00105388 the late 1850s first lessons in botany
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00442-00105389-00105697 and vegetable physiology 1857 and how
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00443-00105698-00105900 plants grow a simple introduction to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00444-00105901-00106249 structural botany 1858 the publishers
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00445-00106250-00106428 pressured gray to make these two books
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00446-00106429-00106597 none technical enough so that high
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00447-00106598-00106798 school students and non scientists could
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00448-00106799-00107085 understand them as with most scientists
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00449-00107086-00107328 in American academic institutions gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00450-00107329-00107535 found it difficult to concentrate purely
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00451-00107536-00107725 on research grey met physician and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00452-00107726-00107910 botanist George Engelmann in the early
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00453-00107911-00108126 1840s and they remained friends and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00454-00108127-00108404 colleagues until angleman died in 1884
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00455-00108405-00108675 Torrey was an early American supporter
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00456-00108676-00108929 of the natural system of classification
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00457-00108930-00109233 which relies upon geography and a plant
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00458-00109234-00109413 entire structure and as his assistant
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00459-00109414-00109645 Gray was a proponent of this system too
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00460-00109646-00109935 this contrasts with Linnaeus artificial
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00461-00109936-00110131 classification which was designed for
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00462-00110132-00110313 ease of use and focused on readily
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00463-00110314-00110526 observed aspects of a plant particularly
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00464-00110527-00110709 the differences in the flowers
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00465-00110710-00110983 Amos even was also a proponent of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00466-00110983-00111232 artificial system Gray was so impressed
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00467-00111233-00111435 with Wilhelm Nicklaus Suk's Dorf a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00468-00111436-00111598 largely self-taught immigrant from
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00469-00111599-00111808 Germany who specialized in the flora of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00470-00111808-00112026 the Pacific Northwest that he had Suk's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00471-00112027-00112236 Dorf come to Harvard to be his assistant
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00472-00112238-00112425 and named the genus 6th or fiha after
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00473-00112426-00112618 him gray was a leading opponent of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00474-00112619-00112851 scientific Lazzarini a group of mostly
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00475-00112852-00113058 physical scientists who wanted American
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00476-00113059-00113224 academia to mimic the autocratic
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00477-00113225-00113407 academic structures of European
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00478-00113408-00113683 universities a large percentage of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00479-00113683-00113875 original 50 members of the National
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00480-00113876-00114075 Academy of Sciences were Lazar Oni
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00481-00114076-00114378 members the American Academy of Arts and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00482-00114379-00114579 Sciences was opposed to the National
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00483-00114580-00114786 Academy and collectively elected gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00484-00114788-00114966 and his friend colleague and fellow
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00485-00114967-00115183 Charles Darwin supporter William Barton
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00486-00115183-00115485 Rogers to the National Academy Rogers
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00487-00115486-00115686 founded the Massachusetts Institute of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00488-00115688-00115918 Technology this is one of the areas
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00489-00115919-00116071 where gray and his friend and colleague
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00490-00116072-00116334 Lewis a gases were in disagreement the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00491-00116335-00116508 gases was a member of the Lazar Oni
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00492-00116509-00116782 group a gases had come to lecture at the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00493-00116783-00117054 Lowell Institute in 1846 and got hired
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00494-00117055-00117421 by Harvard in 1847 gray befriended him
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00495-00117422-00117576 the way he had been befriended during
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00496-00117577-00117856 his trip to Europe gray abhorred slavery
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00497-00117857-00118104 in his view science proved the unity of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00498-00118105-00118308 all man because all human races can
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00499-00118309-00118468 interbreed and produce fertile offspring
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00500-00118469-00118720 ie all members of a species are
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00501-00118721-00118972 connected genetically he also felt
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00502-00118973-00119226 Christianity taught the unity of man he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00503-00119227-00119419 was not an abolitionist feeling it was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00504-00119420-00119610 more important to preserve the Union yet
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00505-00119611-00119808 he also felt if the South persevered in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00506-00119809-00120003 the conflict every slave should be set
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00507-00120004-00120258 free by use of more force if necessary
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00508-00120259-00120504 however he was not sure what should be
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00509-00120505-00120750 done with the freed slaves this was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00510-00120751-00120958 another area where gray and no gases
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00511-00120958-00121188 disagreed a gases felt each race had
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00512-00121189-00121479 different origins during the American
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00513-00121480-00121720 Civil War gray was a steadfast supporter
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00514-00121721-00121893 of the north in the Republican Party
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00515-00121894-00122257 about February 1861 two months before
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00516-00122258-00122478 the war started gray lost part of his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00517-00122479-00122658 left thumb just above the base of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00518-00122659-00122840 nail in an accident in the garden
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00519-00122841-00123111 despite now being fifty years old he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00520-00123112-00123291 regretted that this accident ended his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00521-00123292-00123675 fighting days after hostilities began he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00522-00123676-00123810 joined a company that guarded the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00523-00123811-00124021 Massachusetts state Arsenal in Cambridge
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00524-00124022-00124311 he also bought war bonds was surprised
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00525-00124312-00124512 more people did not do likewise and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00526-00124513-00124773 supported a 5% tax to support the war
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00527-00124774-00124989 gray regretted not having children
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00528-00124990-00125300 because he had no son descend to the war
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00529-00125301-00125572 gray considered Abraham Lincoln as a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00530-00125573-00125763 second George Washington because of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00531-00125764-00125932 way he managed to preserve the Union
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00532-00125933-00126189 during the war he also predicted that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00533-00126190-00126378 the fate of slavery depended upon the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00534-00126379-00126552 length and bitterness of the war and the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00535-00126553-00126748 longer it lasted the more disastrous it
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00536-00126749-00127029 would be for the south as a corollary he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00537-00127030-00127185 felt that if the South had given up
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00538-00127186-00127338 early in the war they would have had a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00539-00127339-00127553 chance of preserving slavery longer
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00540-00127554-00127803 regarding his botanical endeavors the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00541-00127804-00128001 war sundered his supply of information
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00542-00128002-00128253 and specimens from the south even the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00543-00128254-00128422 southern botanists who supported the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00544-00128423-00128632 north such as Alvin Wentworth Chapman
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00545-00128633-00128808 and Thomas minute Peters were soon
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00546-00128809-00129003 forced to cease communications with gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00547-00129004-00129264 it was during the war that gray first
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00548-00129265-00129426 began to think of retiring from his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00549-00129427-00129609 professorial duties so he could
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00550-00129610-00129823 concentrate on completing flora of North
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00551-00129824-00130093 America Harvard was able to secure
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00552-00130094-00130254 substantial new funding for its
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00553-00130255-00130444 botanical programs in the years after
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00554-00130445-00130672 the war but gray encountered significant
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00555-00130673-00130866 trouble finding a suitable replacement
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00556-00130867-00131154 for his professorial duties the American
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00557-00131155-00131245 University
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00558-00131246-00131419 system had failed to train replacements
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00559-00131420-00131704 for its professors only Harvard and Yale
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00560-00131705-00131926 had botany programs and in the war and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00561-00131927-00132124 pre-war years there had been few botany
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00562-00132125-00132397 students however after the war there was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00563-00132398-00132550 an upswing in the numbers of botany
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00564-00132551-00132832 students gray was grooming Horace Mann
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00565-00132833-00133027 jr. as his replacement but he died of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00566-00133028-00133276 tuberculosis at the age of 24 in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00567-00133277-00133543 November 1868 growing weary of his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00568-00133544-00133759 workload gray and his wife departed on a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00569-00133760-00133975 trip to Britain Egypt for three months
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00570-00133976-00134233 and Switzerland in September 1868
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00571-00134234-00134500 it was during the winter spent in Egypt
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00572-00134501-00134671 that gray first grew his white beard
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00573-00134672-00135058 they returned in autumn 1869 in early
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00574-00135059-00135313 1872 gray tried to resign his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00575-00135314-00135511 professorship and garden duties still
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00576-00135512-00135757 with no replacement for himself he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00577-00135758-00135907 proposed only looking after the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00578-00135908-00136108 herbarium and writing books in exchange
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00579-00136109-00136249 for the rent of the house in which he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00580-00136250-00136435 and his wife lived on the university
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00581-00136436-00136708 grounds due to the way the finances of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00582-00136709-00136888 the funding sources were handled and the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00583-00136889-00137092 lack of a replacement Gray was unable to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00584-00137093-00137431 resign at that time in late 1872 Charles
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00585-00137432-00137593 Sprague Sargent was appointed director
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00586-00137594-00137785 of the botanic garden the newly
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00587-00137786-00137974 constructed Arnold Arboretum and new
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00588-00137975-00138247 botany related buildings this freed up
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00589-00138248-00138574 much of Gray's time also late in 1872
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00590-00138575-00138844 Ignatius Sargent Charles's father and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00591-00138845-00139063 Horatio Hollis Honeywell both agreed to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00592-00139064-00139276 donate five hundred dollars yearly each
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00593-00139277-00139467 to support gray so that he could devote
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00594-00139468-00139633 undivided attention
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00595-00139634-00139888 to completing flora of North America
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00596-00139889-00140095 this is what finally allowed gray to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00597-00140096-00140296 resign his professorship and devote all
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00598-00140297-00140500 his time to research and writing Harvard
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00599-00140501-00140656 had so much trouble finding a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00600-00140657-00140794 replacement for gray that they
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00601-00140795-00140983 considered hiring a European but they
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00602-00140984-00141151 found an American and hired George
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00603-00141152-00141535 Lincoln Goodell in late 1872 geudael had
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00604-00141536-00141712 a medical degree from Harvard and a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00605-00141713-00141999 solid knowledge of botany by late June
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00606-00142000-00142306 1873 Goodell had enough experience that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00607-00142307-00142477 gray was excited to pronounce he had
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00608-00142478-00142759 taught his last class William Gilson
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00609-00142760-00142957 Farlow also had a medical degree from
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00610-00142958-00143245 Harvard and had studied botany he became
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00611-00143246-00143491 Gray's assistant in 1870 after obtaining
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00612-00143492-00143710 his medical degree and then studied in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00613-00143711-00143977 Europe for a few years he returned to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00614-00143978-00144247 Harvard in 1874 and became a botany
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00615-00144248-00144535 professor Serena Watson began helping
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00616-00144536-00144646 gray with taxon
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00617-00144647-00144958 in 1872 and became the herbarium curator
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00618-00144959-00145254 the reorganization of botany at Harvard
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00619-00145255-00145468 in the early 1870s was a major
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00620-00145469-00146090 accomplishment of Gray's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00621-00146091-00146759 topic ASA gray disjunction
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00622-00146760-00147014 gray worked extensively on a phenomenon
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00623-00147015-00147206 that is now called the ASA gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00624-00147207-00147482 disjunction namely the surprising
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00625-00147483-00147701 morphological similarities between many
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00626-00147702-00147917 Eastern Asian and Eastern North American
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00627-00147918-00148226 plants in fact gray felt the flora of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00628-00148227-00148430 eastern North America is more similar to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00629-00148431-00148619 the flora of Japan than it is to the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00630-00148620-00148835 flora of Western North America but more
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00631-00148836-00149041 recent studies have shown this is not so
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00632-00149042-00149321 while gray was not the first botanist to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00633-00149322-00149510 notice this it was first noticed in the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00634-00149511-00149714 early 18th century beginning in the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00635-00149715-00149966 early 1840s he brought scientific focus
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00636-00149967-00150254 to the issue he was the first scientist
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00637-00150255-00150404 in the world to possess the requisite
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00638-00150405-00150599 knowledge set to do so as he had
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00639-00150600-00150773 intimate knowledge of the northeast and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00640-00150774-00150947 southeast United States as well as
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00641-00150948-00151181 eastern Asia due to several contacts he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00642-00151182-00151445 had there the phenomenon involves about
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00643-00151446-00151727 65 Jenner and is not limited to plants
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00644-00151728-00151955 but also includes fungi arachnids
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00645-00151956-00152228 millipedes insects and freshwater fishes
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00646-00152229-00152456 it was believed that each pair of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00647-00152457-00152663 species might be international sister
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00648-00152664-00152855 species but it is now known that this is
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00649-00152856-00153041 not generally the case the species
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00650-00153042-00153251 involved are less closely related to one
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00651-00153252-00153554 another today botanists suggest three
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00652-00153555-00153719 possible causes for the observed
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00653-00153720-00153938 morphological similarity which probably
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00654-00153939-00154136 developed at different times and via
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00655-00154137-00154364 different pathways the species pairs are
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00656-00154365-00154520 one the products of similar
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00657-00154521-00154712 environmental conditions in separate
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00658-00154713-00154931 locations two relics of species that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00659-00154932-00155138 were formerly widely distributed but
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00660-00155139-00155330 diversified later three not as
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00661-00155331-00155495 morphologically similar as was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00662-00155496-00155759 previously believed Gray's work in this
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00663-00155760-00155936 area gave significant support to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00664-00155937-00156149 Darwin's theory of evolution and as one
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00665-00156150-00156361 of the hallmarks of Gray's career in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00666-00156362-00156680 1880 David P Penn hello was accepted by
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00667-00156681-00156959 gray as a research assistant Penn hello
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00668-00156960-00157127 aided in Gray's work regarding the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00669-00157128-00157268 distribution of northern hemisphere
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00670-00157269-00157598 plants and in 1882 gray recommended Penn
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00671-00157599-00157832 hello as a lecturer - Sir John Dawson of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00672-00157833-00158042 McGill University in Montreal Quebec
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00673-00158043-00158610 Canada
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00674-00158611-00159115 topic later career
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00675-00159116-00159343 despite no longer having the burden of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00676-00159344-00159559 his professorial and garden duties by
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00677-00159560-00159784 the late 1870s the burden of maintaining
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00678-00159785-00160036 himself as the pillar of American botany
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00679-00160037-00160228 prevented gray from the progress he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00680-00160229-00160432 desired onsen optical flora of North
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00681-00160433-00160651 America the follow unto flora of North
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00682-00160652-00160927 America this burden consisted of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00683-00160928-00161119 fact that other scientists often only
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00684-00161120-00161329 accepted Gray's word on a botanical
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00685-00161330-00161476 matter and the number of incoming
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00686-00161477-00161695 specimens to identify was increasing
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00687-00161696-00161890 vastly numbers had to be assigned to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00688-00161891-00162028 them collectors needed to be
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00689-00162029-00162175 corresponding with and preliminary
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00690-00162176-00162472 papers had to be published by the early
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00691-00162473-00162682 1880s Gray's home was the center of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00692-00162683-00162894 everything to do with botany in America
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00693-00162895-00163186 every aspiring botanist came to see him
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00694-00163187-00163354 even if just to look at him through his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00695-00163355-00163510 window after turning over his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00696-00163511-00163735 non-research duties to Sargent Goodale
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00697-00163736-00164002 Farlow and Watson gray concentrated more
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00698-00164003-00164215 on research and writing especially on
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00699-00164216-00164425 plant taxonomy as well as lecturing
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00700-00164426-00164605 around the country largely promoting
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00701-00164606-00164884 Darwinian ideas many of his lectures
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00702-00164885-00165055 during this time were given at the Yale
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00703-00165056-00165316 Divinity School Liberty Hyde Bailey
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00704-00165317-00165541 worked as Gray's herbarium assistant for
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00705-00165542-00165904 two years during 1883 to 1884 in spring
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00706-00165905-00166183 1887 grey and his wife made their last
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00707-00166184-00166399 trip to Europe this one for six months
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00708-00166400-00166621 from April to October primarily to see
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00709-00166622-00166771 hooker gray received the following
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00710-00166772-00167002 advance degrees honorary degree of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00711-00167003-00167331 Master of Arts 1844 and Doctor of Laws
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00712-00167332-00167605 1875 from Harvard and Doctor of Laws
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00713-00167606-00167878 from Hamilton College New York 1860
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00714-00167879-00168154 McGill University 1884 and the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00715-00168155-00168896 University of Michigan 1887
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00716-00168897-00169187 topic research regarding the American
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00717-00169188-00169574 West
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00718-00169575-00169852 prior to 18 40 b sides what he had
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00719-00169853-00170027 discovered during his trip to europe
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00720-00170028-00170179 grey's knowledge of the flora of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00721-00170180-00170381 american west was limited to what he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00722-00170382-00170554 could learn from Edwin James who had
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00723-00170555-00170728 been on the expedition to the west of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00724-00170729-00170924 major Stephen Harriman long and from
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00725-00170925-00171086 Thomas natal who had been on an
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00726-00171087-00171275 expedition to the Pacific coast with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00727-00171276-00171524 Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth in the latter
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00728-00171525-00171770 half of 1840 Graham at the German
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00729-00171771-00171964 American botanist and physician George
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00730-00171965-00172256 Engelmann in New York City angleman took
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00731-00172257-00172463 frequent trips to explore the American
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00732-00172464-00172622 West in northern Mexico
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00733-00172623-00172864 the two remained close friends and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00734-00172865-00173108 botanical collaborators angleman would
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00735-00173109-00173288 send specimens to gray who had
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00736-00173289-00173488 classified them and act as a sales agent
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00737-00173489-00173774 their collaborations greatly enhanced
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00738-00173775-00173933 botanical knowledge of those areas
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00739-00173934-00174176 another german american botanist
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00740-00174177-00174383 ferdinand lin heimer collaborated with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00741-00174384-00174593 both angleman and gray focusing on
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00742-00174594-00174797 collecting plants in texas hoping to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00743-00174798-00175048 find specimens with no latin names
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00744-00175049-00175279 another long term and productive
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00745-00175280-00175460 collaboration was with Charles Wright
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00746-00175461-00175688 who collected in Texas and New Mexico on
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00747-00175689-00175964 two separate expeditions in 18-49 and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00748-00175965-00176402 1851 to 1852 these trips resulted in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00749-00176403-00176609 publication of the two volume plan D
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00750-00176610-00177056 right II and I in 1852 to 1853 great
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00751-00177057-00177253 raveled to the American West on two
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00752-00177254-00177560 separate occasions the first in 1872 by
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00753-00177561-00177758 train and then again with Joseph Dalton
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00754-00177759-00178169 hooker son of William Hooker in 1877 his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00755-00178170-00178418 wife accompanied him on both trips both
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00756-00178419-00178598 times his goal was botanical research
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00757-00178599-00178789 and he have Italy collected plant
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00758-00178790-00178949 specimens to bring back with him to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00759-00178950-00179195 Harvard on his second trip through the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00760-00179196-00179294 American West
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00761-00179295-00179489 he and hooker reportedly collected over
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00762-00179490-00179795 1,000 specimens greys and hookers
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00763-00179796-00179965 research was reported in their joint
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00764-00179966-00180260 1880 publication the vegetation of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00765-00180261-00180464 Rocky Mountain region and a comparison
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00766-00180465-00180700 with that of other parts of the world
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00767-00180701-00180989 which appeared in volume 6 of Hayden's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00768-00180990-00181228 bulletin of the United States geological
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00769-00181229-00181385 and geophysical survey of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00770-00181386-00181591 territories on both trips he climbed
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00771-00181592-00181840 Gray's peak one of Colorado's many 14
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00772-00181841-00182104 errs his wife climbed Gray's peak with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00773-00182105-00182402 him in 1872 this mountain was named
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00774-00182403-00182612 after grey by the botanist and Explorer
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00775-00182613-00182768 of the Rocky Mountains Charles
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00776-00182769-00182971 Christopher Peary prior to the 8th
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00777-00182972-00183181 70s collecting in the western part of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00778-00183182-00183424 the country required slow horses wagons
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00779-00183425-00183706 and often military escorts but by this
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00780-00183707-00183925 time permanent settlements and railroads
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00781-00183926-00184162 resulted in so many specimens coming in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00782-00184163-00184318 that gray alone could not keep up with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00783-00184319-00184588 them one of the post-war collectors who
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00784-00184589-00184783 worked extensively with gray was John
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00785-00184784-00185005 Gill lemon husband of fellow botanist
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00786-00185006-00185260 Sarah Plummer lemon grey named a new
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00787-00185261-00185485 genus Plummer ax now called Hyman oxys
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00788-00185486-00185929 in Sarah's honor topic relationship with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00789-00185930-00186115 Darwin gray and Joseph Dalton hooker
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00790-00186116-00186319 went to visit Richard Owen at London's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00791-00186320-00186700 Hunterian Museum in January 1839 grey
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00792-00186701-00186910 met Charles Darwin during lunch that day
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00793-00186911-00187009 at Kew Gardens
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00794-00187010-00187297 apparently introduced by hooker Darwin
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00795-00187298-00187507 found a kindred spirit in grey as they
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00796-00187508-00187672 both had an empirical approach to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00797-00187673-00187873 science and first wrote to him in April
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00798-00187874-00188383 1855 during 1855 to 1881 they exchanged
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00799-00188384-00188692 about 300 letters Darwin then wrote to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00800-00188693-00188881 grey requesting information about the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00801-00188882-00189058 distribution of various species of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00802-00189059-00189298 American flowers which gray provided and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00803-00189299-00189472 which was helpful for the development of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00804-00189473-00189703 Darwin's theory this was the beginning
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00805-00189704-00189949 of an extensive lifelong correspondence
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00806-00189950-00190183 grey Darwin and hooker became lifelong
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00807-00190184-00190375 friends and colleagues and gray and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00808-00190376-00190555 Hooker conducted research on Darwin's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00809-00190556-00190834 behalf in 1877 on their rocky mountain
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00810-00190835-00191095 expedition after Hooker returned to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00811-00191096-00191281 England and reported to Darwin on their
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00812-00191282-00191494 adventure Darwin wrote back to grey I
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00813-00191495-00191659 have just heard Prodigy's of your
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00814-00191660-00191911 strength and activity that you run up a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00815-00191912-00192211 mountain like a cat before 1846 grey had
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00816-00192212-00192385 been firmly opposed to the idea of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00817-00192386-00192592 transmutation of species in which
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00818-00192593-00192793 simpler forms naturally become more
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00819-00192794-00192982 complex over time including via
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00820-00192983-00193330 hybridization by the early 1850s grey
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00821-00193331-00193540 had clearly defined his concept that the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00822-00193541-00193758 species is the basic unit of taxonomy
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00823-00193759-00194092 this was partly the result of the 1831
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00824-00194093-00194344 to 1836 voyage during which Darwin
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00825-00194345-00194521 discovered the differentiation of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00826-00194522-00194713 species among the various Galapagos
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00827-00194714-00194998 Islands local geography could produce
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00828-00194999-00195202 variances like in the Galapagos in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00829-00195203-00195403 Hawaii which gray did not get to study
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00830-00195404-00195658 in depth as he had wanted gray was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00831-00195659-00195865 insistent that a genetic connection must
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00832-00195866-00196051 exist between all members of a species
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00833-00196052-00196363 that like be godlike this concept was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00834-00196364-00196600 critical to Darwin's theories gray was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00835-00196601-00196810 also strongly opposed to the ideas of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00836-00196811-00197050 hybridization within one generation and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00837-00197051-00197233 special creation in the sense of it's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00838-00197234-00197422 not allowing for evolution when Darwin
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00839-00197423-00197638 received Alfred Russel Wallace paper
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00840-00197639-00197875 that described natural selection Hooker
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00841-00197876-00198070 and Charles Lyell arranged for a joint
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00842-00198071-00198235 reading of papers by Darwin and Wallace
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00843-00198236-00198579 to the Linnean Society on July 1st 1858
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00844-00198580-00198853 since Darwin had nothing prepared the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00845-00198854-00199114 reading included excerpts from his 1844
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00846-00199115-00199300 essay and from a letter he had sent to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00847-00199301-00199597 ASA gray in July 1857 outlining his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00848-00199598-00199879 theory on the origin of species by that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00849-00199880-00200083 time Darwin had begun writing his book
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00850-00200084-00200230 on the origin of species
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00851-00200231-00200494 the correspondence with grey was thus a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00852-00200495-00200674 key piece of evidence in establishing
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00853-00200675-00200860 Darwin's intellectual priority with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00854-00200861-00201037 respect to the theory of evolution by
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00855-00201038-00201163 natural selection
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00856-00201164-00201424 neither Darwin nor Wallace attended the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00857-00201425-00201631 meeting the papers were published by the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00858-00201632-00201880 Society as on the tendency of species to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00859-00201881-00202072 form varieties and on the perpetuation
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00860-00202073-00202309 of varieties and species by natural
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00861-00202310-00202672 means of selection by summer 1859 it was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00862-00202673-00202864 obvious to gray and others working with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00863-00202865-00203038 Darwin that on the Origin of Species
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00864-00203039-00203245 would be a groundbreaking book Darwin
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00865-00203246-00203440 published on the Origin of Species on
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00866-00203441-00203839 November 24th 1859 the first printing
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00867-00203840-00204148 was 1,250 copies with some having been
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00868-00204149-00204349 sent to America via ship one of those
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00869-00204350-00204637 was for gray Grey's copy arrived just
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00870-00204638-00204826 before Christmas and he read it between
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00871-00204827-00205087 Christmas and New Year's since there was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00872-00205088-00205290 no international copyright law at the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00873-00205291-00205488 time grey work to protect the book from
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00874-00205489-00205791 publishing piracy according to American
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00875-00205792-00205989 law at the time a copyright could only
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00876-00205990-00206209 be secured by an American Edition being
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00877-00206210-00206401 published by an American citizen and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00878-00206402-00206596 royalties were not required to be paid
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00879-00206596-00206857 to the author Gray arranged the first
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00880-00206858-00207042 American edition of on the Origin of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00881-00207044-00207191 Species and was able to negotiate
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00882-00207192-00207535 royalties on Darwin's behalf gray took a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00883-00207536-00207808 5% royalty from the publisher and Darwin
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00884-00207809-00207996 was so grateful for Gray's efforts that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00885-00207998-00208203 he offered gray some of his royalties
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00886-00208204-00208477 Darwin held gray in high esteem he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00887-00208478-00208807 dedicated his book forms of flowers 1877
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00888-00208808-00209059 to grey and he wrote in 1881 there's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00889-00209060-00209221 hardly anyone in the world whose
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00890-00209221-00209431 approbation I value more highly than I
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00891-00209432-00209490 do yours
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00892-00209491-00209683 seeing that unity we perceive in nature
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00893-00209684-00209728 and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00894-00209729-00209959 in the universe regarding all species he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00895-00209960-00210130 felt that they not only had a creator
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00896-00210131-00210337 but have a governor gray and a gaseous
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00897-00210338-00210580 strongly disagreed a gases was adamantly
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00898-00210581-00210787 opposed to the idea of evolution
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00899-00210788-00210916 whereas gray was a staunch supporter
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00900-00210917-00211204 believing in theistic evolution as the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00901-00211205-00211450 debate raged over Darwin's theories the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00902-00211451-00211651 rift between gray and a gases grew
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00903-00211652-00211810 deeper and they were estranged by
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00904-00211811-00212098 December 1863 when gray was elected
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00905-00212098-00212281 president of the American Academy of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00906-00212282-00212500 Arts and Sciences which also marked two
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00907-00212501-00212694 gases increasing isolation within the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00908-00212696-00212962 scientific community gray showed little
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00909-00212963-00213190 interest in scientific politics and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00910-00213191-00213361 resigned from the National Academy of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00911-00213362-00213862 Sciences in 1867 in late 1866 a gases
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00912-00213863-00214075 apologized to gray and the two were at
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00913-00214076-00214269 least civil to one another again gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00914-00214271-00214471 considered by Darwin to be his friend
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00915-00214471-00214663 and best advocate also attempted to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00916-00214664-00214821 convince Darwin in his letters that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00917-00214823-00215044 design was inherent in all forms of life
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00918-00215044-00215305 and to return to his faith Grace on
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00919-00215306-00215517 nature is filled with unmistakable and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00920-00215519-00215734 irresistible indications of design and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00921-00215735-00215934 argued that God himself as the very last
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00922-00215935-00216190 irreducible causal factor and hence the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00923-00216191-00216376 source of all evolutionary change
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00924-00216377-00216559 Darwin agreed that his theories were not
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00925-00216560-00216784 at all necessarily atheistic 'el but was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00926-00216785-00217039 unable to share Gray's belief I feel
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00927-00217040-00217225 most deeply that the whole subject is
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00928-00217226-00217426 too profound for the human intellect a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00929-00217427-00217684 dog might as well speculate on the mind
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00930-00217685-00217969 of Newton he wrote Grey was a Christian
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00931-00217969-00218161 but he was a staunch supporter of Darwin
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00932-00218162-00218398 in America he collected together a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00933-00218398-00218596 number of his own writings to produce an
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00934-00218596-00218784 influential book Darwin iana
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00935-00218785-00219042 1876 these essays argued for a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00936-00219044-00219286 conciliation between Darwinian evolution
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00937-00219287-00219484 and the tenets of theism at a time when
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00938-00219485-00219688 many on both sides perceived the two as
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00939-00219689-00219948 mutually exclusive gray denied that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00940-00219950-00220173 investigation of physical causes stood
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00941-00220175-00220378 opposed to the theological view and the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00942-00220379-00220573 study of the harmonies between mind and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00943-00220573-00220762 nature and thought it most presumable
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00944-00220763-00220960 that an intellectual conception realized
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00945-00220961-00221110 in nature would be realized through
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00946-00221111-00221407 natural agencies the result of all this
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00947-00221408-00221575 is that gray distanced himself from
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00948-00221576-00221887 social Darwinism gray is a critical link
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00949-00221888-00222025 in the history of American
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00950-00222026-00222208 intellectualism and his writings that
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00951-00222209-00222406 explain how religion and science were
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00952-00222407-00222631 not necessarily mutually exclusive have
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00953-00222632-00222754 been considered his supreme
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00954-00222755-00222946 accomplishment thereby providing a way
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00955-00222946-00223084 for believers in creation
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00956-00223085-00223501 to consider Darwin's ideas in 1868 gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00957-00223502-00223675 had a year's leave of absence and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00958-00223676-00223885 visited Darwin in England the first time
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00959-00223886-00224026 they had met since they started their
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00960-00224027-00224319 correspondence Darwin had gray in mind
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00961-00224321-00224523 when he wrote it seems to me absurd to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00962-00224525-00224710 doubt that a man may be an ardent theist
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00963-00224711-00224964 in an evolutionist Darwin dedicated his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00964-00224965-00225235 1877 book the different forms of flowers
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00965-00225236-00225457 on plants of the same species to gray as
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00966-00225458-00225660 a small tribute of respect and affection
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00967-00225661-00225976 one area where Darwin and gray disagreed
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00968-00225977-00226261 was Darwin's theory of pangenesis the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00969-00226262-00226441 greys travelled to Europe again during
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00970-00226442-00226792 1882 1881 including a final visit to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00971-00226792-00227065 down house Darwin's home he spent a year
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00972-00227066-00227335 in Europe this time studying Darwin died
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00973-00227336-00227936 in 1882
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00974-00227937-00228471 topic personal life
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00975-00228473-00228723 gray became engaged to Jane Lathrop
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00976-00228725-00229078 luring of Boston in May 1847 two of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00977-00229079-00229260 Gray's younger brothers George and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00978-00229261-00229441 Joseph were students at Harvard in the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00979-00229442-00229758 late 1840s and lived with gray during
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00980-00229759-00229966 his junior year George caught typhoid
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00981-00229967-00230281 fever in late 1847 and died on january
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00982-00230282-00230567 9th 1848 in the Loring house in Boston
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00983-00230569-00230796 this is part of the reason Grey's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00984-00230798-00231079 marriage was delayed from fall 1847 to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00985-00231080-00231451 spring 1848 gray and Jane Loring married
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00986-00231452-00231637 on May 4th 1848
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00987-00231638-00231865 her parents were Charles Greeley Loring
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00988-00231866-00232071 a member of the Harvard Corporation and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00989-00232073-00232369 a lawyer and Anna Pierce brace Lauri her
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00990-00232369-00232581 family was Unitarian like most faculty
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00991-00232582-00232860 and staff of Harvard at the time both of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00992-00232861-00233041 them kept to their separate religious
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00993-00233042-00233232 denominations yet seemed to have had no
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00994-00233233-00233457 difficulties over it they had no
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00995-00233458-00233665 children Jane Grey accompanied her
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00996-00233666-00233923 husband on most of his expeditions gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00997-00233923-00234117 was a devout Presbyterian and was a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00998-00234119-00234319 member of First Church in Cambridge a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-00999-00234319-00234526 Congregational Church where he served as
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01000-00234527-00234751 a deacon he was also an ardent
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01001-00234752-00234937 empiricist in the tradition of John
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01002-00234938-00235194 Locke and John Stuart Mill when the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01003-00235196-00235356 congregation moved into its present
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01004-00235357-00235683 building in 1872 at 11 Garden Street
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01005-00235684-00235894 Gray planted two kentucky yellow wood
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01006-00235894-00236121 trees clad Rastus kent aquella in front
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01007-00236123-00236380 of the church they stood until October
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01008-00236381-00236942 2014
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01009-00236944-00237421 topic death
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01010-00237421-00237817 on Monday November 28 1887 Gray's hand
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01011-00237817-00238012 and arm became paralyzed while he was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01012-00238013-00238171 coming down the stairs for breakfast
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01013-00238171-00238426 even though the paralysis worsened he
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01014-00238427-00238632 was able to address two letters on
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01015-00238633-00238900 Thursday he lost the ability to speak in
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01016-00238901-00239158 a steady rhythm he lay speechless and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01017-00239159-00239383 quiet for two months and died on January
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01018-00239384-00239728 30th 1888 he was buried at Mount Auburn
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01019-00239729-00240009 cemetery he did not want anything fancy
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01020-00240010-00240202 on his gravestone so his wife had it
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01021-00240203-00240534 engraved with a Crossin ASA gray 1810 to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01022-00240535-00240948 1888 the cemeteries ASA gray garden with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01023-00240950-00241156 a central fountain and numerous unusual
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01024-00241157-00241869 tree varieties is named in his honor
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01025-00241871-00242371 topic legacy
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01026-00242373-00242714 you
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01027-00242715-00243214 topic life work
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01028-00243215-00243508 in addition to the ASA gray disjunction
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01029-00243509-00243766 one of Gray's greatest achievements was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01030-00243767-00243967 the vast network of scientists he built
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01031-00243967-00244144 who all communicated with one another
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01032-00244144-00244432 and exchanged ideas he has considered
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01033-00244433-00244633 the preeminent American botanist of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01034-00244634-00244871 19th century on Gray's 75th birthday
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01035-00244873-00245080 botanists led by editors of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01036-00245081-00245281 botanical Gazette presented gray with a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01037-00245282-00245554 silver vase with the inscription 1810
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01038-00245555-00246034 November 18th 1885 ASA gray in token of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01039-00246035-00246232 the universal esteem of American
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01040-00246233-00246559 botanists an accompanying silver salver
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01041-00246560-00246727 had the inscription bearing the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01042-00246728-00246873 greetings of one hundred and eighty
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01043-00246875-00247098 botanists of North America to ASA gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01044-00247100-00247503 on his 75th birthday November 18th 1885
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01045-00247504-00247821 also received on his 75th birthday was a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01046-00247823-00248380 poem by James Russell Lowell
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01047-00248381-00248879 topic name sakes
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01048-00248880-00249191 grano toxin is named after him William
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01049-00249192-00249365 hooker named the genus gray a-- after
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01050-00249366-00249641 gray the ASA gray award awarded by the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01051-00249642-00249911 American Society of plant taxonomist was
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01052-00249912-00250169 established in 1984 to honor a living
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01053-00250169-00250423 botanist for career achievements gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01054-00250425-00250634 has two namesake buildings at Harvard
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01055-00250635-00250883 University the ASA gray house which is a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01056-00250884-00251096 National Historic Landmark and the gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01057-00251096-00251360 herbarium a residential building is
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01058-00251361-00251525 named after him on the Stony Brook
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01059-00251526-00251831 University campus two mountain peaks are
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01060-00251832-00252019 named after him gray peak in New York
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01061-00252021-00252296 and Grey's Peak in Colorado the latter
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01062-00252296-00252496 is near Tori's peak named after his
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01063-00252498-00252848 mentor and friend John Tory in 2011 the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01064-00252848-00253076 US Postal Service released an ASA gray
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01065-00253077-00253310 first class postage stamp as part of its
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01066-00253311-00253508 American scientist series along with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01067-00253509-00253744 Melvin Calvin Maria NGO pert mayor and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01068-00253746-00254021 severo ochoa this was the third volume
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01069-00254021-00254117 of this series
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01070-00254117-00254369 it features Shore dia Galatia folia a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01071-00254369-00254596 flowering plant that fascinated gray a
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01072-00254598-00254837 street named after a cigar a is home to
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01073-00254838-00255046 the University Commons of the University
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01074-00255048-00255298 of Michigan in Ann Arbor Michigan ASA
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01075-00255300-00255584 gray Park in Lake Helen Florida is named
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01076-00255585-00255802 in his honor
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01077-00255803-00256096 topic works a natural system of botany
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01078-00256096-00256727 American 1837 joy 10.5 962 bhl title
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01079-00256728-00256859 point 7:08
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01080-00256860-00257357 with Tori John 1838 to 1843 a flora of
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01081-00257358-00257692 North America I on to New York Wylie and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01082-00257694-00258046 Putnam joy ten point five nine six to be
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01083-00258048-00258350 HL title point nine four six six with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01084-00258351-00258737 Sullivant William Starling 1848 a manual
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01085-00258738-00258908 of the botany of the northern United
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01086-00258909-00259202 States Boston James Monroe and company
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01087-00259203-00259565 joy ten point five nine six to be HL
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01088-00259566-00259859 title point one zero three nine two with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01089-00259860-00260351 right Charles 1852 to 1853 plan T righty
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01090-00260352-00260591 an ITEX on Oh mio Mexico night one and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01091-00260592-00260894 two Washington DC Smithsonian
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01092-00260894-00261167 Institution first lessons in botany and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01093-00261167-00261442 vegetable physiology New York Iverson
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01094-00261444-00261800 and fini 1857 how plants grow a simple
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01095-00261801-00262031 introduction to structural botany New
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01096-00262032-00262258 York American Book Company eighteen
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01097-00262259-00262487 fifty-eight introduction to structural
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01098-00262488-00262696 and systematic botany and vegetable
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01099-00262697-00263074 physiology New York finian company 1862
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01100-00263075-00263771 joy 10.59 6-2 bhl title 0.39 64 help
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01101-00263772-00264058 plants behave New York Iverson Blakeman
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01102-00264059-00264532 Taylor & Co 1872 Darwin iana essays and
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01103-00264533-00264791 reviews pertaining to Darwinism New York
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01104-00264792-00265319 Appleton and company 1876 joy 10.59 6-2
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01105-00265320-00265589 bhl title point one nine four eight
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01106-00265590-00266272 three LCC and Oh 400 five 631 OCLC seven
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01107-00266273-00266470 hundred seventy four thousand fourteen
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01108-00266471-00266779 synoptic elf Laura of North America New
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01109-00266780-00267187 York American Book Company 1878 to 1897
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01110-00267188-00267638 joy ten point five nine six to bhl title
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01111-00267639-00267938 point one zero eight four seven Gray's
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01112-00267939-00268246 botanical textbook I into New York
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01113-00268247-00268648 American Book Company 1879 joy ten point
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01114-00268649-00268978 five nine six to bhl title point one
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01115-00268979-00269197 three five five with hooker Joseph
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01116-00269198-00269530 Dalton 1880 the vegetation of the Rocky
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01117-00269531-00269738 Mountain region and a comparison with
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01118-00269739-00269901 that of other parts of the world
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01119-00269902-00270130 bulletin of the united states geological
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01120-00270131-00270349 and geographical survey of the
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01121-00270350-00270706 territories washington DC United States
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01122-00270707-00271088 Government Printing Office v11 277
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01123-00271089-00271319 Gray's School and field book of botany
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01124-00271320-00271738 New York American Book Company 1887 joy
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01125-00271739-00272213 10.5 962 bhl title point five five five
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01126-00272214-00272495 eight eight synoptic elf Laura of North
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01127-00272496-00272963 America the gamma petal I i PT 2 & 2 PT
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01128-00272964-00273277 I to end Washington DC Smithsonian
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01129-00273278-00273931 Institution 1888 joy 10.59 62 VHL title
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01130-00273932-00274244 0.15 to zero
+uRFtrw8iGwM-01131-00274245-00274592 equals equals notes
+uVw1tqLvce4-00001-00003568-00004306 so
+uVw1tqLvce4-00002-00004307-00004975 [Music]
+uVw1tqLvce4-00003-00004976-00005184 you
+uWfolXnOUk0-00000-00000057-00000326 the organization of world heritage
+uWfolXnOUk0-00001-00000327-00000797 cities Oh WH C is an international
+uWfolXnOUk0-00002-00000798-00001162 non-profit non-governmental organization
+uWfolXnOUk0-00003-00001163-00001511 of 250 cities in which sites of the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00004-00001512-00001850 UNESCO World Heritage List are located
+uWfolXnOUk0-00005-00001851-00002392 it was founded in 1993 in Fez Morocco
+uWfolXnOUk0-00006-00002393-00002660 during the second international
+uWfolXnOUk0-00007-00002661-00003095 symposium of world heritage cities the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00008-00003096-00003518 headquarters of the owh C are located in
+uWfolXnOUk0-00009-00003519-00004001 Quebec City Quebec Canada all together
+uWfolXnOUk0-00010-00004002-00004520 the 250 member cities of the owh C have
+uWfolXnOUk0-00011-00004521-00005452 a population of more than 130 million
+uWfolXnOUk0-00012-00005453-00006026 topic history
+uWfolXnOUk0-00013-00006027-00006377 during the first international symposium
+uWfolXnOUk0-00014-00006378-00006668 of world heritage cities in Quebec City
+uWfolXnOUk0-00015-00006669-00007118 in 1991 the participating 41 cities
+uWfolXnOUk0-00016-00007119-00007588 adopted the Quebec City Declaration this
+uWfolXnOUk0-00017-00007589-00007886 declaration states the desire to build a
+uWfolXnOUk0-00018-00007887-00008281 network of world heritage cities
+uWfolXnOUk0-00019-00008282-00008611 at the second international symposium of
+uWfolXnOUk0-00020-00008612-00009021 world heritage cities in Fez Morocco the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00021-00009022-00009689 owh Sea was founded in 1993 56
+uWfolXnOUk0-00022-00009690-00009970 participating cities decided on the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00023-00009971-00010233 mission goals and powers of the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00024-00010234-00010599 organization at the founding General
+uWfolXnOUk0-00025-00010600-00010882 Assembly the member cities elected the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00026-00010883-00011082 first Board of Directors and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00027-00011083-00011496 secretary-general since the first
+uWfolXnOUk0-00028-00011497-00011791 General Assembly the member cities have
+uWfolXnOUk0-00029-00011792-00012166 been meeting every two years listed
+uWfolXnOUk0-00030-00012167-00012460 below are the year's locations and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00031-00012461-00012682 topics of the previous General
+uWfolXnOUk0-00032-00012683-00013041 Assemblies
+uWfolXnOUk0-00033-00013041-00013447 1995 bergen norway communication between
+uWfolXnOUk0-00034-00013447-00014022 world heritage cities 1997 Evera
+uWfolXnOUk0-00035-00014023-00014376 portugal tourism and world heritage
+uWfolXnOUk0-00036-00014377-00014919 challenges and opportunities 1999
+uWfolXnOUk0-00037-00014919-00015340 santiago de compostela spain innovation
+uWfolXnOUk0-00038-00015341-00015538 in the management of world heritage
+uWfolXnOUk0-00039-00015538-00016203 cities 2001 puebla mexico prevention and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00040-00016204-00016468 protection measures for world heritage
+uWfolXnOUk0-00041-00016469-00017032 cities in case of disaster 2003 roads
+uWfolXnOUk0-00042-00017033-00017700 greece 2005 cusco peru heritage of
+uWfolXnOUk0-00043-00017701-00018297 humanity heritage with humanity 2007
+uWfolXnOUk0-00044-00018298-00018658 kazan russian federation heritage and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00045-00018659-00019293 economics 2009 Quito Ecuador the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00046-00019294-00019591 revitalization of historic centers how
+uWfolXnOUk0-00047-00019592-00020161 to involve all social actors 2011 Sintra
+uWfolXnOUk0-00048-00020162-00020467 Portugal world heritage cities and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00049-00020468-00021042 climate change 2013 Oaxaca Mexico
+uWfolXnOUk0-00050-00021043-00021684 heritage cities sustainable cities 2015
+uWfolXnOUk0-00051-00021685-00022056 arequipa peru world heritage cities
+uWfolXnOUk0-00052-00022057-00022650 resilence cities 2017 Ahmedabad India
+uWfolXnOUk0-00053-00022651-00023271 world heritage cities 2017 ass Mara
+uWfolXnOUk0-00054-00023272-00023686 Eritrea world heritage cities Africa's
+uWfolXnOUk0-00055-00023687-00024292 modernist city
+uWfolXnOUk0-00056-00024293-00024923 topic organization
+uWfolXnOUk0-00057-00024924-00025310 any city may become a member of the owh
+uWfolXnOUk0-00058-00025311-00025663 see if it possesses the following two
+uWfolXnOUk0-00059-00025664-00026095 characteristics firstly the city has to
+uWfolXnOUk0-00060-00026097-00026360 be the location of a living urban fabric
+uWfolXnOUk0-00061-00026361-00026819 of historic or contemporary interest its
+uWfolXnOUk0-00062-00026820-00027106 outstanding universal value has been
+uWfolXnOUk0-00063-00027107-00027433 recognized by the UNESCO and therefore
+uWfolXnOUk0-00064-00027435-00027632 has been registered in the world
+uWfolXnOUk0-00065-00027633-00028100 heritage list secondly the city has to
+uWfolXnOUk0-00066-00028101-00028631 adhere to the values of the owh C the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00067-00028632-00028886 General Assembly as the Paramount
+uWfolXnOUk0-00068-00028887-00029402 authority of the owh C in it the member
+uWfolXnOUk0-00069-00029402-00029758 cities are represented by their mayor to
+uWfolXnOUk0-00070-00029760-00030008 be able to take part in the General
+uWfolXnOUk0-00071-00030008-00030224 Assembly and have the right to vote the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00072-00030225-00030487 city has to be a member in good standing
+uWfolXnOUk0-00073-00030488-00030911 pay the annual membership fee the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00074-00030912-00031273 General Assembly meets every two years
+uWfolXnOUk0-00075-00031274-00031570 special assemblies may be called by
+uWfolXnOUk0-00076-00031572-00031955 members or the board of directors
+uWfolXnOUk0-00077-00031956-00032198 at the General Assembly the mayor's
+uWfolXnOUk0-00078-00032199-00032492 discuss issues concerning the mission
+uWfolXnOUk0-00079-00032493-00032823 and objectives of the owh see and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00080-00032824-00033116 formulate relevant recommendations to
+uWfolXnOUk0-00081-00033117-00033482 the Board of Directors the assembly
+uWfolXnOUk0-00082-00033483-00033671 guides the activities of the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00083-00033672-00033988 organization studies and approves the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00084-00033989-00034289 organization's work program and controls
+uWfolXnOUk0-00085-00034290-00034693 the financial policy of the organization
+uWfolXnOUk0-00086-00034694-00035057 the Board of Directors consists of eight
+uWfolXnOUk0-00087-00035058-00035327 mayors of members in good standing
+uWfolXnOUk0-00088-00035328-00035654 it is elected by the General Assembly
+uWfolXnOUk0-00089-00035655-00036080 for two years directors may be elected
+uWfolXnOUk0-00090-00036081-00036351 two more times and therefore be
+uWfolXnOUk0-00091-00036352-00036599 directors for a maximum of six
+uWfolXnOUk0-00092-00036600-00037037 consecutive years the board of directors
+uWfolXnOUk0-00093-00037038-00037339 meets at least once a year
+uWfolXnOUk0-00094-00037340-00037700 among its duties are the implementation
+uWfolXnOUk0-00095-00037701-00037946 of the requests formulated and the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00096-00037947-00038204 resolutions adopted by the General
+uWfolXnOUk0-00097-00038205-00038410 Assembly and the planning of the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00098-00038411-00038685 organization's activities according to
+uWfolXnOUk0-00099-00038686-00039152 set up priorities furthermore the Board
+uWfolXnOUk0-00100-00039153-00039435 of Directors examines the financial
+uWfolXnOUk0-00101-00039436-00039746 reports authorizes the annual budget
+uWfolXnOUk0-00102-00039747-00040061 plan prepares budget estimates and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00103-00040062-00040329 proposes their adoption to the General
+uWfolXnOUk0-00104-00040330-00040688 Assembly the Board of Directors also
+uWfolXnOUk0-00105-00040689-00041021 draws up the organization chart the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00106-00041022-00041306 recruiting criteria and standards for
+uWfolXnOUk0-00107-00041307-00041610 the personnel of the General Secretariat
+uWfolXnOUk0-00108-00041611-00041885 and performs any other duty that could
+uWfolXnOUk0-00109-00041886-00042092 be assigned to it by the General
+uWfolXnOUk0-00110-00042093-00042500 Assembly it is empowered to take all the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00111-00042501-00042782 measures required for the administration
+uWfolXnOUk0-00112-00042783-00043004 of the organization and the attainment
+uWfolXnOUk0-00113-00043005-00043323 of its objectives
+uWfolXnOUk0-00114-00043324-00043562 the Board of Directors elects the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00115-00043563-00043911 president of the owh C from among
+uWfolXnOUk0-00116-00043912-00044045 themselves
+uWfolXnOUk0-00117-00044046-00044408 he is the chief executive officer of the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00118-00044409-00044885 owh C and is tasked with the supervision
+uWfolXnOUk0-00119-00044886-00045117 administration and management of the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00120-00045118-00045462 affairs of the organization he
+uWfolXnOUk0-00121-00045463-00045870 represents the owh C at the national and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00122-00045871-00046133 international levels and binds the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00123-00046134-00046560 organization in official acts the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00124-00046561-00046830 general secretariat is headed by the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00125-00046831-00047118 Secretary General who is appointed by
+uWfolXnOUk0-00126-00047119-00047390 the General Assembly for a four-year
+uWfolXnOUk0-00127-00047391-00047796 term he oversees the execution of
+uWfolXnOUk0-00128-00047797-00048048 mandates by the members the day-to-day
+uWfolXnOUk0-00129-00048049-00048396 administration and Personnel Management
+uWfolXnOUk0-00130-00048397-00048783 and hiring he also coordinates the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00131-00048784-00049208 activities of the owh C prepares the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00132-00049209-00049464 budget and the financial reports and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00133-00049465-00049704 ensures that the decisions of the Board
+uWfolXnOUk0-00134-00049705-00049937 of Directors and those of the members
+uWfolXnOUk0-00135-00049938-00050174 taken at the General Assembly are
+uWfolXnOUk0-00136-00050175-00050652 carried out the General Secretariat is
+uWfolXnOUk0-00137-00050653-00050921 supported in its duties by seven
+uWfolXnOUk0-00138-00050922-00051281 regional Secretariat's they are
+uWfolXnOUk0-00139-00051282-00051563 groupings of cities that share cultural
+uWfolXnOUk0-00140-00051564-00051879 linguistic or geographical affinities
+uWfolXnOUk0-00141-00051879-00052262 and/or have the same concerns and needs
+uWfolXnOUk0-00142-00052263-00052682 every member City of the owh C is
+uWfolXnOUk0-00143-00052683-00052884 allowed to be part of one or more
+uWfolXnOUk0-00144-00052885-00053319 regions the members of one region have
+uWfolXnOUk0-00145-00053320-00053526 to choose a city from among themselves
+uWfolXnOUk0-00146-00053527-00053901 as domicile for the regional Secretariat
+uWfolXnOUk0-00147-00053902-00054206 choose a regional coordinator and meet
+uWfolXnOUk0-00148-00054207-00054566 at least once a year they serve as a
+uWfolXnOUk0-00149-00054567-00054819 link between the member cities of their
+uWfolXnOUk0-00150-00054820-00055054 particular region and the General
+uWfolXnOUk0-00151-00055055-00055363 Secretariat
+uWfolXnOUk0-00152-00055364-00055821 the seven regional Secretariat's are
+uWfolXnOUk0-00153-00055822-00056151 Regensburg Germany for the Northwest
+uWfolXnOUk0-00154-00056152-00056429 European region
+uWfolXnOUk0-00155-00056430-00056778 Budapest Hungary for the Central and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00156-00056779-00057095 Eastern European region
+uWfolXnOUk0-00157-00057096-00057477 Cordoba Spain for the South European and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00158-00057478-00057935 Mediterranean region Valparaiso Chile
+uWfolXnOUk0-00159-00057936-00058215 for the Latin American and Caribbean
+uWfolXnOUk0-00160-00058216-00058428 region
+uWfolXnOUk0-00161-00058429-00058796 Kazan Russian Federation for the Euro
+uWfolXnOUk0-00162-00058797-00059387 Asian region Tunis Tunisia for Africa
+uWfolXnOUk0-00163-00059388-00059650 and the Middle East
+uWfolXnOUk0-00164-00059651-00059963 Gyeongju South Korea for the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00165-00059964-00060269 asia-pacific region toh support the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00166-00060270-00060521 General Secretariat the regional
+uWfolXnOUk0-00167-00060522-00060751 Secretariat's assist in producing
+uWfolXnOUk0-00168-00060752-00061067 documents intended for members data
+uWfolXnOUk0-00169-00061068-00061322 collection in the organization of
+uWfolXnOUk0-00170-00061323-00061694 relevant events they aim to make it
+uWfolXnOUk0-00171-00061695-00061934 possible for each member to participate
+uWfolXnOUk0-00172-00061935-00062279 more extensively in the activities of
+uWfolXnOUk0-00173-00062280-00062579 the organization to foster communication
+uWfolXnOUk0-00174-00062580-00062888 in the exchange of information amongst
+uWfolXnOUk0-00175-00062889-00063086 themselves and to promote the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00176-00063087-00063350 development of the organization and its
+uWfolXnOUk0-00177-00063351-00063759 presence and influence to accomplish
+uWfolXnOUk0-00178-00063760-00064043 those aims the regional Secretariat's
+uWfolXnOUk0-00179-00064044-00064337 organized activities intended to promote
+uWfolXnOUk0-00180-00064338-00064768 the organization's values and objectives
+uWfolXnOUk0-00181-00064769-00065284 the owh sea has five official languages
+uWfolXnOUk0-00182-00065285-00065744 English French Spanish Portuguese and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00183-00065745-00066149 Arabic of those English French and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00184-00066150-00066891 Spanish are working languages
+uWfolXnOUk0-00185-00066892-00067466 topic goals
+uWfolXnOUk0-00186-00067467-00067909 during the founding of the owh sea in
+uWfolXnOUk0-00187-00067910-00068246 1993 the member cities defined the goals
+uWfolXnOUk0-00188-00068247-00068498 and mission the organization should have
+uWfolXnOUk0-00189-00068499-00068864 in the future at the fourth General
+uWfolXnOUk0-00190-00068865-00069344 Assembly in Evera Portugal in 1997 the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00191-00069345-00069739 owh sea confirmed the organisation's
+uWfolXnOUk0-00192-00069740-00070001 association with the UNESCO and their
+uWfolXnOUk0-00193-00070002-00070274 joint efforts regarding world heritage
+uWfolXnOUk0-00194-00070275-00070771 cities in the UNESCO owh sea agreement
+uWfolXnOUk0-00195-00070772-00071180 the owh sea aims for the implementation
+uWfolXnOUk0-00196-00071181-00071482 of the world heritage convention
+uWfolXnOUk0-00197-00071483-00071771 convention concerning the protection of
+uWfolXnOUk0-00198-00071772-00072031 the world cultural and natural heritage
+uWfolXnOUk0-00199-00072032-00072571 adopted by the UNESCO in 1972 it
+uWfolXnOUk0-00200-00072572-00072911 encourages cooperation and exchange of
+uWfolXnOUk0-00201-00072912-00073187 information and expertise among its
+uWfolXnOUk0-00202-00073188-00073451 member cities on both regional and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00203-00073452-00073979 international levels the owh sea works
+uWfolXnOUk0-00204-00073980-00074231 in close collaboration with other
+uWfolXnOUk0-00205-00074232-00074528 organizations pursuing similar goals
+uWfolXnOUk0-00206-00074529-00074807 while promoting action likely to support
+uWfolXnOUk0-00207-00074808-00075086 the efforts of cities located in
+uWfolXnOUk0-00208-00075087-00075503 developing countries it assists members
+uWfolXnOUk0-00209-00075504-00075749 to adapt and improve their management
+uWfolXnOUk0-00210-00075750-00076042 methods in relation to the specific
+uWfolXnOUk0-00211-00076043-00076328 requirements of having a site inscribed
+uWfolXnOUk0-00212-00076329-00076705 on the UNESCO World Heritage List
+uWfolXnOUk0-00213-00076706-00077075 moreover the organization ensures better
+uWfolXnOUk0-00214-00077076-00077383 links between research undertaken by
+uWfolXnOUk0-00215-00077384-00077626 specialists and the needs of the local
+uWfolXnOUk0-00216-00077627-00077971 management's in addition the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00217-00077972-00078257 organization intends to help develop a
+uWfolXnOUk0-00218-00078258-00078539 sense of solidarity among its member
+uWfolXnOUk0-00219-00078540-00078848 cities and to sensitize the populations
+uWfolXnOUk0-00220-00078849-00079345 to heritage values and their protection
+uWfolXnOUk0-00221-00079346-00079801 topic tasks and projects the owh sea
+uWfolXnOUk0-00222-00079802-00080123 organizes meetings on international and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00223-00080124-00080344 regional levels
+uWfolXnOUk0-00224-00080345-00080623 in addition to the biennial General
+uWfolXnOUk0-00225-00080624-00080934 Assemblies there are world congresses
+uWfolXnOUk0-00226-00080935-00081382 conferences seminars and workshops all
+uWfolXnOUk0-00227-00081383-00081703 those meetings deal with the challenges
+uWfolXnOUk0-00228-00081704-00081910 in the realm of management and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00229-00081911-00082117 strategies pertaining to the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00230-00082118-00082414 preservation and development of historic
+uWfolXnOUk0-00231-00082415-00082909 cities to accomplish its goals the owh
+uWfolXnOUk0-00232-00082910-00083191 sea additionally offers various
+uWfolXnOUk0-00233-00083192-00083539 activities programs and projects which
+uWfolXnOUk0-00234-00083540-00083755 aim to promote and support the
+uWfolXnOUk0-00235-00083756-00084058 maintenance recognition and development
+uWfolXnOUk0-00236-00084059-00084451 of world heritage current projects
+uWfolXnOUk0-00237-00084452-00084679 include youth on the trail of world
+uWfolXnOUk0-00238-00084680-00085039 heritage city to city the Jean Paul
+uWfolXnOUk0-00239-00085040-00085341 Lallier prize for heritage an
+uWfolXnOUk0-00240-00085342-00085581 international video production
+uWfolXnOUk0-00241-00085582-00085912 competition the solidarity day of world
+uWfolXnOUk0-00242-00085913-00086251 heritage cities mayors and heritage and
+uWfolXnOUk0-00243-00086252-00086929 case studies
+uWfolXnOUk0-00244-00086930-00087566 topic member cities
+uWfolXnOUk0-00245-00087567-00087915 you
+uWfolXnOUk0-00246-00087916-00088475 topic Africa
+uWfolXnOUk0-00247-00088476-00089243 AGGA des niger asmara eritrea Cidade
+uWfolXnOUk0-00248-00089244-00089557 Avella cape verde
+uWfolXnOUk0-00249-00089558-00090248 dakar senegal dodging a moly
+uWfolXnOUk0-00250-00090249-00090644 grand-bassam cote d'ivoire
+uWfolXnOUk0-00251-00090645-00091150 her are Jugal Ethiopia Island of
+uWfolXnOUk0-00252-00091151-00091521 Mozambique Mozambique
+uWfolXnOUk0-00253-00091522-00091909 console Ethiopia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00254-00091910-00092221 lamu Kenya
+uWfolXnOUk0-00255-00092222-00092902 Mombasa Kenya st. Louis Senegal
+uWfolXnOUk0-00256-00092903-00093966 Timbuktu Mali Zanzibar Tanzania
+uWfolXnOUk0-00257-00093967-00094584 topic arab states
+uWfolXnOUk0-00258-00094585-00094907 Aleppo Syria
+uWfolXnOUk0-00259-00094908-00095302 Algiers Algeria
+uWfolXnOUk0-00260-00095303-00095601 basra Syria
+uWfolXnOUk0-00261-00095602-00095925 Cairo Egypt
+uWfolXnOUk0-00262-00095926-00096680 Shane Getti mauritania Damascus Syria
+uWfolXnOUk0-00263-00096681-00097366 essaouira morocco fez morocco
+uWfolXnOUk0-00264-00097367-00097715 des Dames Libya
+uWfolXnOUk0-00265-00097716-00098038 ghardaïa Algeria
+uWfolXnOUk0-00266-00098039-00098424 Kyra one Tunisia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00267-00098425-00098803 Marrakech Morocco
+uWfolXnOUk0-00268-00098804-00099399 Mazz again Algeria Morocco meknes
+uWfolXnOUk0-00269-00099400-00099638 Morocco
+uWfolXnOUk0-00270-00099639-00100621 Sanaa Yemen shibam Yemen soos Tunisia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00271-00100622-00101407 tattooin Morocco Tunis Tunisia this Abed
+uWfolXnOUk0-00272-00101408-00101954 Yemen
+uWfolXnOUk0-00273-00101955-00102611 topic Asia and the Pacific
+uWfolXnOUk0-00274-00102613-00102971 I'd say Indonesia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00275-00102972-00103293 Aker Israel
+uWfolXnOUk0-00276-00103294-00103672 Ahmedabad India
+uWfolXnOUk0-00277-00103673-00104241 han dong South Korea anuradhapura sri
+uWfolXnOUk0-00278-00104242-00104778 lanka are debil Iran
+uWfolXnOUk0-00279-00104779-00105099 BAM a run
+uWfolXnOUk0-00280-00105100-00105426 bhaktapur Nepal
+uWfolXnOUk0-00281-00105427-00105808 bukhara us Becca Stan
+uWfolXnOUk0-00282-00105809-00106163 Chengdu China
+uWfolXnOUk0-00283-00106164-00106520 Denpasar Indonesia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00284-00106521-00107098 Gale Sri Lanka Georgetown Penang
+uWfolXnOUk0-00285-00107099-00107386 Malaysia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00286-00107388-00107728 gianni our Indonesia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00287-00107729-00108149 go Qiang South Korea
+uWfolXnOUk0-00288-00108150-00108883 Gwangju South Korea Gyeongju South Korea
+uWfolXnOUk0-00289-00108883-00109363 happed Chien County South Korea
+uWfolXnOUk0-00290-00109364-00110206 hoi an Vietnam way Vietnam Wasson County
+uWfolXnOUk0-00291-00110207-00110522 South Korea
+uWfolXnOUk0-00292-00110523-00110852 Jerusalem Israel
+uWfolXnOUk0-00293-00110853-00111233 Kaesong North Korea
+uWfolXnOUk0-00294-00111233-00111590 candy Sri Lanka
+uWfolXnOUk0-00295-00111591-00111955 Katmandu Nepal
+uWfolXnOUk0-00296-00111956-00112538 Keva us-pakistan kota tua Jakarta
+uWfolXnOUk0-00297-00112539-00112768 Indonesia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00298-00112769-00113146 cool ensue China
+uWfolXnOUk0-00299-00113147-00113883 Kyoto Japan Lalit poor patent Nepal
+uWfolXnOUk0-00300-00113884-00114674 leave Yuka Fiji lijiang china luang
+uWfolXnOUk0-00301-00114675-00115388 prabang laos macau china Magelang
+uWfolXnOUk0-00302-00115389-00115980 Indonesia Malacca Malaysia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00303-00115981-00116465 mi AG ow Philippines
+uWfolXnOUk0-00304-00116466-00116748 Nara Japan
+uWfolXnOUk0-00305-00116749-00117089 pingyao china
+uWfolXnOUk0-00306-00117090-00117602 samarkand uzbekistan sawahlunto
+uWfolXnOUk0-00307-00117603-00117863 indonesia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00308-00117864-00118254 semarang indonesia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00309-00118255-00118719 chakra Shabs boosts Pakistan
+uWfolXnOUk0-00310-00118720-00119215 shirakawa-go and Goku Yama Japan
+uWfolXnOUk0-00311-00119216-00119996 surakarta Indonesia Suzhou China Tabriz
+uWfolXnOUk0-00312-00119997-00120583 a run Tel Aviv Israel
+uWfolXnOUk0-00313-00120584-00121333 ternate Indonesia vegan Philippines
+uWfolXnOUk0-00314-00121334-00122006 Yogyakarta Indonesia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00315-00122007-00122555 topic Europe
+uWfolXnOUk0-00316-00122556-00122881 Albie France
+uWfolXnOUk0-00317-00122882-00123413 alcalá de Henares spain Amsterdam
+uWfolXnOUk0-00318-00123414-00123709 Netherlands
+uWfolXnOUk0-00319-00123710-00124123 gara do herro is mo Portugal
+uWfolXnOUk0-00320-00124124-00124776 a run was Spain Assisi Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00321-00124777-00125128 Avignon France
+uWfolXnOUk0-00322-00125129-00125458 Avila Spain
+uWfolXnOUk0-00323-00125458-00125784 besa Spain
+uWfolXnOUk0-00324-00125785-00126181 Baku Azerbaijan
+uWfolXnOUk0-00325-00126182-00126708 Bamberg Germany banská staff Nitza
+uWfolXnOUk0-00326-00126708-00126961 Slovakia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00327-00126963-00127333 Barty of slovakia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00328-00127334-00127815 Bath's United Kingdom beamster
+uWfolXnOUk0-00329-00127816-00128076 Netherlands
+uWfolXnOUk0-00330-00128077-00128427 Bharath Albania
+uWfolXnOUk0-00331-00128428-00128737 Bergen Norway
+uWfolXnOUk0-00332-00128738-00129059 Berlin Germany
+uWfolXnOUk0-00333-00129060-00129426 be Artin Romania
+uWfolXnOUk0-00334-00129427-00129751 Bordeaux France
+uWfolXnOUk0-00335-00129752-00130098 Bremen Germany
+uWfolXnOUk0-00336-00130099-00130723 Bruges Belgium Brussels Belgium
+uWfolXnOUk0-00337-00130724-00131070 Budapest Hungary
+uWfolXnOUk0-00338-00131071-00131398 casares Spain
+uWfolXnOUk0-00339-00131399-00131775 Caltagirone a Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00340-00131776-00132249 Capri 'it's an Gervasi Oh Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00341-00132250-00132573 Carcassonne France
+uWfolXnOUk0-00342-00132574-00133138 Catania Italy cesky krumlov czech
+uWfolXnOUk0-00343-00133139-00133354 republic
+uWfolXnOUk0-00344-00133355-00133787 Korra of patmos Greece
+uWfolXnOUk0-00345-00133788-00134121 Coimbra Portugal
+uWfolXnOUk0-00346-00134122-00134449 Cordoba Spain
+uWfolXnOUk0-00347-00134450-00134777 Corfu Greece
+uWfolXnOUk0-00348-00134778-00135107 krakow poland
+uWfolXnOUk0-00349-00135108-00135860 cuenca spain derbent russia Dubrovnik
+uWfolXnOUk0-00350-00135861-00136511 Croatia Edinburgh United Kingdom
+uWfolXnOUk0-00351-00136512-00137290 EJ Mateen Armenia Elvis Portugal Evera
+uWfolXnOUk0-00352-00137291-00137504 Portugal
+uWfolXnOUk0-00353-00137505-00138451 Ferrara Italy Florence Italy Genoa Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00354-00138452-00138872 jeera castor Albania
+uWfolXnOUk0-00355-00138873-00139219 Goslar Germany
+uWfolXnOUk0-00356-00139220-00139576 granada spain
+uWfolXnOUk0-00357-00139577-00139873 Graz Austria
+uWfolXnOUk0-00358-00139874-00140216 gimr raise Portugal
+uWfolXnOUk0-00359-00140217-00140615 hull stacked Austria
+uWfolXnOUk0-00360-00140616-00141052 philosophize Czech Republic
+uWfolXnOUk0-00361-00141053-00141834 Ibiza Spain Istanbul Turkey Karlskrona
+uWfolXnOUk0-00362-00141835-00142051 Sweden
+uWfolXnOUk0-00363-00142052-00142382 Kazan Russia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00364-00142383-00142702 Konya turkey
+uWfolXnOUk0-00365-00142703-00143282 kotor montenegro kutna hora czech
+uWfolXnOUk0-00366-00143283-00143894 republic l'viv ukraine life
+uWfolXnOUk0-00367-00143895-00144386 chaux-de-fonds switzerland la Havre
+uWfolXnOUk0-00368-00144387-00145090 France la local Switzerland Liverpool
+uWfolXnOUk0-00369-00145091-00145567 United Kingdom Luxembourg City
+uWfolXnOUk0-00370-00145568-00146465 Luxembourg lubeck germany lyon france
+uWfolXnOUk0-00371-00146466-00146796 mantua Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00372-00146797-00147594 matera Italy Merida Spain melee Tello in
+uWfolXnOUk0-00373-00147595-00148006 Val D Catania Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00374-00148007-00148283 Modena Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00375-00148284-00148639 Modica Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00376-00148640-00149038 mont san michele France
+uWfolXnOUk0-00377-00149039-00149373 Moscow Russia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00378-00149374-00149949 most are Bosnia and Herzegovina Nancy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00379-00149950-00150179 France
+uWfolXnOUk0-00380-00150180-00150513 Naples Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00381-00150514-00150863 nessebar Bulgaria
+uWfolXnOUk0-00382-00150864-00151579 Noto italy novgorod russia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00383-00151580-00152314 read Macedonia Oh Porto Portugal viedo
+uWfolXnOUk0-00384-00152315-00152644 Spain Paulo
+uWfolXnOUk0-00385-00152645-00152977 solo a Creed Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00386-00152978-00153651 Paris France piensa Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00387-00153652-00153979 Potsdam Germany
+uWfolXnOUk0-00388-00153980-00154367 Prague Czech Republic
+uWfolXnOUk0-00389-00154368-00154694 Provence France
+uWfolXnOUk0-00390-00154695-00155462 quadlin Berg Germany Ragusa Italy Rama
+uWfolXnOUk0-00391-00155463-00155675 Finland
+uWfolXnOUk0-00392-00155676-00156465 Regan's Berg Germany Rhoda's Greece Riga
+uWfolXnOUk0-00393-00156466-00157420 Latvia Rome Italy Rotterdam Netherlands
+uWfolXnOUk0-00394-00157421-00158214 Rose Norway sabio Neda Italy safranbolu
+uWfolXnOUk0-00395-00158215-00158988 Turkey st. Petersburg Russia Salamanca
+uWfolXnOUk0-00396-00158989-00159849 Spain salzburg austria san cristobal de
+uWfolXnOUk0-00397-00159850-00160611 la laguna spain san gimignano Italy San
+uWfolXnOUk0-00398-00160612-00161189 Marino san marino santiago de compostela
+uWfolXnOUk0-00399-00161190-00161781 spain Shaklee Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00400-00161782-00162579 segovia spain siena italy sighisoara
+uWfolXnOUk0-00401-00162580-00163521 romania sintra portugal split croatia
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+uWfolXnOUk0-00405-00165707-00166503 spain tell czech republic Telford United
+uWfolXnOUk0-00406-00166504-00167467 Kingdom Toledo Spain torun poland Trebek
+uWfolXnOUk0-00407-00167468-00167752 Czech Republic
+uWfolXnOUk0-00408-00167753-00168119 TRO gear Croatia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00409-00168120-00168457 ubaydah Spain
+uWfolXnOUk0-00410-00168458-00169191 Irby no Italy Valletta Malta Vatican
+uWfolXnOUk0-00411-00169192-00169542 City Holy See
+uWfolXnOUk0-00412-00169543-00169852 Venice Italy
+uWfolXnOUk0-00413-00169853-00170545 Verona Italy Vicenza Italy Vienna
+uWfolXnOUk0-00414-00170546-00170812 Austria
+uWfolXnOUk0-00415-00170813-00171589 Vilnius Lithuania Visby Sweden Warsaw
+uWfolXnOUk0-00416-00171590-00171828 Poland
+uWfolXnOUk0-00417-00171829-00172599 Weimar Germany Wismar Germany Yaroslavl
+uWfolXnOUk0-00418-00172600-00172840 Russia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00419-00172841-00173196 Yerevan Armenia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00420-00173197-00173852 zammis Poland
+uWfolXnOUk0-00421-00173853-00174451 topic Americas
+uWfolXnOUk0-00422-00174452-00174903 antigua guatemala guatemala
+uWfolXnOUk0-00423-00174904-00175599 arequipa peru Brasilia Brazil
+uWfolXnOUk0-00424-00175600-00176303 Bridgetown Barbados camaguey Cuba
+uWfolXnOUk0-00425-00176304-00176858 Campeche City Mexico cardigan ax
+uWfolXnOUk0-00426-00176859-00177612 Colombia Cienfuegos Cuba colonia del
+uWfolXnOUk0-00427-00177613-00177954 sacramento uruguay
+uWfolXnOUk0-00428-00177955-00178306 Koro Venezuela
+uWfolXnOUk0-00429-00178307-00178640 cuenca ecuador
+uWfolXnOUk0-00430-00178641-00179001 Cusco Peru
+uWfolXnOUk0-00431-00179002-00179352 Diamantina Brazil
+uWfolXnOUk0-00432-00179353-00180093 guess Brazil guanajuato city Mexico
+uWfolXnOUk0-00433-00180094-00181007 Havana Cuba Lima Peru Lunenburg Canada
+uWfolXnOUk0-00434-00181008-00181488 Mexico City Mexico
+uWfolXnOUk0-00435-00181489-00181842 Morelia Mexico
+uWfolXnOUk0-00436-00181843-00182243 wah Hakka City Mexico
+uWfolXnOUk0-00437-00182244-00182606 Olinda Brazil
+uWfolXnOUk0-00438-00182607-00182938 ouro preto Brazil
+uWfolXnOUk0-00439-00182939-00183358 Panama City Panama
+uWfolXnOUk0-00440-00183359-00183944 paramaribo suriname philadelphia united
+uWfolXnOUk0-00441-00183945-00184164 states
+uWfolXnOUk0-00442-00184165-00184481 potosi Bolivia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00443-00184482-00184863 Puebla City Mexico
+uWfolXnOUk0-00444-00184864-00185228 Quebec City Canada
+uWfolXnOUk0-00445-00185229-00185662 we're a tarot City Mexico
+uWfolXnOUk0-00446-00185663-00186399 Quito Ecuador ream its district Peru
+uWfolXnOUk0-00447-00186400-00186969 Salvador da Bahia Brazil San Antonio
+uWfolXnOUk0-00448-00186970-00187437 United States San Miguel de Allende
+uWfolXnOUk0-00449-00187438-00188235 Mexico Santa Cruz de mom pox Colombia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00450-00188236-00188672 Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
+uWfolXnOUk0-00451-00188673-00189479 salut Louise Brazil st. George's Bermuda
+uWfolXnOUk0-00452-00189480-00189801 Sucre Bolivia
+uWfolXnOUk0-00453-00189802-00190583 - locket open Mexico trinidad cuba
+uWfolXnOUk0-00454-00190584-00191336 valparaiso chile Willemstad netherlands
+uWfolXnOUk0-00455-00191337-00191735 Xochimilco Mexico
+uWfolXnOUk0-00456-00191736-00192463 Zach Atticus City Mexico
+uWfolXnOUk0-00457-00192464-00193079 topic see also
+uWfolXnOUk0-00458-00193080-00193646 list of micro regional organizations
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00000-00000000-00000295 hello hi this is a video for
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00001-00000296-00000726 my electric gold card almost complete
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00002-00000727-00001007 basically it's already complete on the
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00003-00001008-00001111 electric
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00004-00001112-00001399 motor but i spent a couple days
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00005-00001400-00001718 maybe almost week to working on
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00006-00001719-00001975 uh dashboard on this one
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00007-00001976-00002183 then you can see in the right side is
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00008-00002184-00002342 the red bar
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00009-00002343-00002599 it's a state of charge display
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00010-00002600-00002758 and
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00011-00002759-00002950 temperature display
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00012-00002951-00003063 and
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00013-00003064-00003295 we have the battery cage
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00014-00003296-00003375 here
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00015-00003376-00003454 the
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00016-00003455-00003703 we use apis
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00017-00003704-00003854 back here
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00018-00003855-00004103 to send the data
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00019-00004104-00004247 calamity
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00020-00004248-00004495 of the rpm speed
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00021-00004496-00004775 uh gfs speed ground speed
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00022-00004776-00004983 uh temperature
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00023-00004984-00005302 and uh set up chart battery everything
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00024-00005303-00005583 center meter by this board let's zoom it
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00025-00005584-00005918 up and this one is the i don't know um
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00026-00005919-00006295 it make a t28p the pd package
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00027-00006296-00006527 and the transmitter is in the back side
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00028-00006528-00006670 which is um
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00029-00006672-00007023 uh radiometric 300 milliwatt
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00030-00007023-00007246 and 144
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00031-00007247-00007663 megahertz send it out and up here is
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00032-00007664-00007783 it's a
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00033-00007784-00007919 mecca
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00034-00007920-00008263 uh 2560
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00035-00008264-00008591 mini board and a gps it's a chinese
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00036-00008592-00008751 bn-180
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00037-00008752-00008855 and
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00038-00008856-00009142 the rest of them is send the data to
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00039-00009143-00009239 here
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00040-00009240-00009399 i have the
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00041-00009400-00009646 internet gateway
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00042-00009647-00009935 but i set it up right here you can see
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00043-00009936-00010127 is received
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00044-00010128-00010495 and still received this is a tremely
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00045-00010496-00010687 sequence
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00046-00010688-00010791 and
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00047-00010792-00010951 we send it on
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00048-00010952-00011231 24 144.39
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00049-00011232-00011495 this icon okay
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00050-00011496-00011719 this is uh equation
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00051-00011720-00012006 and i said every second
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00052-00012007-00012199 it's kind of flooding but
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00053-00012200-00012406 what for the idea is the gold cards is
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00054-00012407-00012759 running fast so it need to have
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00055-00012760-00012927 a lot more
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00056-00012928-00013086 you know
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00057-00013087-00013279 respond time
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00058-00013280-00013383 so
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00059-00013384-00013679 as you can see
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00060-00013680-00013830 this is i get
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00061-00013831-00014083 i made it on the
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00062-00014084-00014238 esp
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00063-00014240-00014519 8266
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00064-00014519-00014822 okay
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00065-00014823-00015063 the rest of them is right here
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00066-00015063-00015255 is the sensor for
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00067-00015256-00015463 the rpm
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00068-00015463-00015863 and you can see
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00069-00015863-00016143 the magnet dominant magnets right here
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00070-00016144-00016319 it's a proximity
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00071-00016319-00016575 and another one is
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00072-00016576-00016750 18
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00073-00016751-00016935 s 20 b
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00074-00016936-00017039 for
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00075-00017040-00017207 the sensor
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00076-00017208-00017335 and wiring
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00077-00017336-00017430 to
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00078-00017431-00017607 right here
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00079-00017608-00017943 so
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00080-00017944-00018222 okay
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00081-00018223-00018471 about that
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00082-00018472-00018622 and uh
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00083-00018623-00018814 you might want to
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00084-00018815-00019039 let me put on the stand
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00085-00019040-00019175 that i'm gonna
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00086-00019176-00019414 test out for the
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00087-00019415-00019671 rpm display
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00088-00019672-00020207 for you you can see
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00089-00020208-00020407 so without
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00090-00020408-00021078 the display
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00091-00021079-00021294 maybe
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00092-00021295-00021478 not really good
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00093-00021479-00021655 let me put
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00094-00021656-00021822 the camera
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00095-00021823-00022014 up here
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00096-00022015-00022439 which is a little bit higher
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00097-00022440-00022622 perfect
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00098-00022623-00022758 okay
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00099-00022759-00022935 a little bit
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00100-00022936-00023175 but it's on the same
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00101-00023176-00023455 card that might be shaking later on
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00102-00023456-00024014 i'm not sure
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00103-00024015-00024142 okay
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00105-00027744-00027895 oh it's about
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00106-00027895-00028046 um
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00107-00028047-00028311 it's almost the
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00108-00028312-00028462 what they call it
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00109-00028463-00028631 almost 8 000
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00110-00028632-00028751 rpm
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00112-00031863-00032046 whoa
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00113-00032047-00032358 okay not bad huh
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00114-00032360-00033287 then i think it's about that
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00115-00033288-00033471 thank you for
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00116-00033472-00033911 watching and this is uh overall
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00117-00033912-00034118 and basically i'm the computer engineer
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00118-00034119-00034199 so
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00119-00034200-00034351 when you have the computer engineer
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00120-00034352-00034567 making the go card it's gonna be like
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00121-00034568-00034751 there's a lot of the display a lot of
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00122-00034752-00034983 information a lot of the uh
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00123-00034984-00035151 a lot of feature
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00124-00035152-00035351 thank you very much for watching
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00125-00035352-00035518 six minutes
+uWCEkU8FLfE-00126-00035519-00035856 have a good day bye
+uWVGLFXvv20-00000-00000000-00000095 hey
+uWVGLFXvv20-00001-00000096-00000447 if you are in this video i bet
+uWVGLFXvv20-00002-00000448-00000711 you're looking for some reliable
+uWVGLFXvv20-00003-00000712-00001070 information about the product t-bird
+uWVGLFXvv20-00004-00001071-00001311 i'm bringing rodriguez and i'll walk you
+uWVGLFXvv20-00005-00001312-00001574 through the essentials everything you
+uWVGLFXvv20-00006-00001575-00001814 must know about this product before
+uWVGLFXvv20-00007-00001816-00002071 actually buy it take care
+uWVGLFXvv20-00008-00002072-00002391 it is only sold on the official website
+uWVGLFXvv20-00009-00002392-00002687 watch out not to be deceived by any fake
+uWVGLFXvv20-00010-00002688-00002942 websites or people
+uWVGLFXvv20-00011-00002943-00003270 over there what is tea burn and
+uWVGLFXvv20-00012-00003271-00003463 does it actually work
+uWVGLFXvv20-00013-00003464-00003719 yeah absolutely it does
+uWVGLFXvv20-00014-00003720-00004070 it is in the flavored powder that you
+uWVGLFXvv20-00015-00004071-00004551 mix to your tea and then you can contain
+uWVGLFXvv20-00016-00004552-00005063 your appetite curbs appetite and speeds
+uWVGLFXvv20-00017-00005064-00005375 up your metabolism check out on the
+uWVGLFXvv20-00018-00005376-00005743 official website the link is right down
+uWVGLFXvv20-00019-00005744-00005959 below here on the description of this
+uWVGLFXvv20-00020-00005960-00006431 video yep look for evidences and for the
+uWVGLFXvv20-00021-00006431-00006695 information about this product with such
+uWVGLFXvv20-00022-00006695-00007070 great properties tbr is the perfect
+uWVGLFXvv20-00023-00007072-00007359 additive for you remember it is only
+uWVGLFXvv20-00024-00007359-00007687 sold on the official website simple take
+uWVGLFXvv20-00025-00007688-00008039 it every single day and soon you'll see
+uWVGLFXvv20-00026-00008040-00008327 awesome results but consider that each
+uWVGLFXvv20-00027-00008328-00008646 person has an unique organism
+uWVGLFXvv20-00028-00008647-00008895 then you need to
+uWVGLFXvv20-00029-00008896-00009151 stick to the rules you need to
+uWVGLFXvv20-00030-00009152-00009478 try to improve you need to aim in their
+uWVGLFXvv20-00031-00009479-00009895 health yeah this additive aims to
+uWVGLFXvv20-00032-00009896-00010287 increase well-being to you it contains
+uWVGLFXvv20-00033-00010288-00010727 appetite and it helps you to lose weight
+uWVGLFXvv20-00034-00010728-00011046 and there's something else you have a 60
+uWVGLFXvv20-00035-00011047-00011399 days guarantee you have this assurance
+uWVGLFXvv20-00036-00011400-00011759 of 60 days if you don't like by any
+uWVGLFXvv20-00037-00011760-00011991 reason not this product or if you don't
+uWVGLFXvv20-00038-00011992-00012359 see actual results they will give you
+uWVGLFXvv20-00039-00012360-00012559 your money back
+uWVGLFXvv20-00040-00012560-00012991 yeah it is t-bird i hope i helped you to
+uWVGLFXvv20-00041-00012991-00013238 look through some different information
+uWVGLFXvv20-00042-00013240-00013455 on this product share
+uWVGLFXvv20-00043-00013456-00013711 like this video because that's our
+uWVGLFXvv20-00044-00013712-00014071 objective to help you to reach out a
+uWVGLFXvv20-00045-00014072-00014368 different life
+uXOemfYki8c-00000-00000048-00002402 [Music]
+uXOemfYki8c-00001-00002403-00003141 [Music]
+uXOemfYki8c-00002-00003142-00003728 [Music]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00000-00000000-00000185 standing
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00001-00000186-00000377 I know some of my [__] you want to play
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00002-00000378-00000653 with me for all these goddamn people
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00003-00000654-00000965 I ain't no [__] kid
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00004-00000966-00001235 do what you're [__] told
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00005-00001236-00001457 I can't stand a stupid BS I can't stand
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00006-00001458-00001780 through this
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00007-00001782-00001926 so I'm saying
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00008-00001927-00002225 [__] isn't it
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00009-00002226-00002417 I'm a [__] 100 degrees Devil's
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00010-00002418-00002639 smiling and [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00011-00002640-00002849 that's the sun I think the summer I'm
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00012-00002850-00003199 about to dog man
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00013-00003200-00003431 I'm too [__] black when I looked
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00014-00003432-00003538 in the mirror I said you good black
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00015-00003539-00003803 [__] boy
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00016-00003804-00003970 it's hot
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00017-00003971-00004133 I started to come out here but
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00018-00004134-00004283 [__] [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00019-00004284-00004486 now I got some shoes to match they shot
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00020-00004487-00004979 in the [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00021-00004980-00005279 man a son on me Nelly's cold down cause
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00022-00005280-00005513 it's so goddamn hot today man you never
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00023-00005514-00005663 said [__] that
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00024-00005664-00005891 we ain't selling [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00025-00005892-00006059 ain't nobody cooking no black one black
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00026-00006060-00006215 one don't cook either
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00027-00006216-00006334 why don't you cook me some I ain't
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00028-00006335-00006545 taking that [__] thing
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00029-00006545-00006725 I'll slap your tooth out your
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00030-00006726-00006970 [__] Mom I'm hungry my stomach
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00031-00006972-00007114 growling and [__] you can't make me a
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00032-00007115-00007351 sandwich
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00033-00007352-00007655 lazy [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00034-00007656-00007859 well you know I ain't lied too
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00035-00007859-00008195 [__] hot it was 106 degrees
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00036-00008196-00008351 I was sitting in front
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00037-00008352-00008939 in front of the fan inside
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00038-00008940-00009142 no my bottom lip Stars chicken man you
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00039-00009143-00009499 don't start shaking them that stroke
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00040-00009500-00009767 you wanna do the [__] hell no I wanna
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00041-00009768-00009935 do no [__] [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00042-00009936-00010091 it's your [__] ass down your
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00043-00010092-00010199 [__] hard to be trying to [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00044-00010200-00010487 something surrounding some [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00045-00010488-00010697 pull your panties up yes
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00046-00010698-00010996 [Applause]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00047-00010997-00011309 I want some [__] 106 [__] degrees
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00048-00011310-00011483 you ain't gonna kill me you're gonna
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00049-00011484-00011633 kill me
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00050-00011634-00011806 and she wants some head want to push my
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00051-00011807-00012059 head [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00052-00012060-00012238 you know 106. you know [__] ain't
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00053-00012239-00012401 agreeing with everybody you know what I
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00054-00012402-00012509 mean
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00055-00012510-00013013 I ain't talking about it man you know
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00056-00013013-00013205 106 my degree each other he's a [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00057-00013206-00013438 you got to be a hungry some I'm a [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00058-00013438-00013649 [Applause]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00059-00013650-00013799 and she looking at you trying to push my
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00060-00013800-00014141 [__] here [__] [__] you doing
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00061-00014141-00014315 what are you doing
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00062-00014316-00014525 an aroma killing you too it's jumping
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00063-00014526-00014675 the [__] you know
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00064-00014676-00014911 why don't you want to take a shower
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00065-00014912-00015155 black wasn't like you you know you want
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00066-00015156-00015401 to get on your woman nerve just say say
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00067-00015402-00015658 you know damn baby you kind of stank
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00068-00015659-00015808 you're a [__] lot
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00069-00015809-00016133 [Applause]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00070-00016134-00016359 I show top lip [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00071-00016360-00016511 [Applause]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00072-00016512-00016703 if you tell black people they stank
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00073-00016704-00016919 black people too clean man
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00074-00016920-00017111 we don't like it by the time you musty
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00075-00017112-00017285 or something like that man you know just
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00076-00017286-00017471 [__] with your woman she come back she
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00077-00017472-00017686 gotta try to hug you damn man what [__]
+uY18OPtQkNQ-00078-00017687-00017918 you doing
+ubsqtEaieAY-00000-00000016-00000247 economic growth historically has been
+ubsqtEaieAY-00001-00000248-00000303 based
+ubsqtEaieAY-00002-00000304-00000638 on both kind of injustices it's been
+ubsqtEaieAY-00003-00000639-00000854 colonial it's been based on the plunder
+ubsqtEaieAY-00004-00000855-00001015 and theft of resources and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00005-00001016-00001350 human bodies but it also perpetuates
+ubsqtEaieAY-00006-00001351-00001655 injustices globally so there's no
+ubsqtEaieAY-00007-00001655-00001734 degrees
+ubsqtEaieAY-00008-00001735-00002471 without addressing injustice
+ubsqtEaieAY-00009-00002472-00002726 hello and welcome to the eco politics
+ubsqtEaieAY-00010-00002727-00002807 podcast
+ubsqtEaieAY-00011-00002808-00003134 season 2 global ecopolitics
+ubsqtEaieAY-00012-00003135-00003335 this is a podcast for university
+ubsqtEaieAY-00013-00003336-00003470 students tackling some of the big
+ubsqtEaieAY-00014-00003471-00003535 questions
+ubsqtEaieAY-00015-00003536-00003719 in the field of global environmental
+ubsqtEaieAY-00016-00003720-00003967 politics i'm ryan katz rosine from the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00017-00003968-00004167 university of ottawa co-host of the show
+ubsqtEaieAY-00018-00004168-00004238 along with
+ubsqtEaieAY-00019-00004239-00004438 peter andre from carleton university
+ubsqtEaieAY-00020-00004439-00004615 although he won't be joining us for this
+ubsqtEaieAY-00021-00004616-00004743 episode
+ubsqtEaieAY-00022-00004744-00004983 and i am very excited for today's
+ubsqtEaieAY-00023-00004984-00005086 episode
+ubsqtEaieAY-00024-00005087-00005279 uh today we'll be speaking about the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00025-00005280-00005511 growth environment relationship
+ubsqtEaieAY-00026-00005512-00005799 or perhaps better known as the growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00027-00005800-00005983 environment debate
+ubsqtEaieAY-00028-00005984-00006151 you would think that this is a settled
+ubsqtEaieAY-00029-00006152-00006351 affair you'd think there would be
+ubsqtEaieAY-00030-00006352-00006639 scientific consensus on the relationship
+ubsqtEaieAY-00031-00006640-00006742 between
+ubsqtEaieAY-00032-00006743-00006975 say the size of a nation's economy and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00033-00006976-00007198 environmental well-being
+ubsqtEaieAY-00034-00007200-00007431 and yet the exact nature of this
+ubsqtEaieAY-00035-00007431-00007614 relationship is the subject of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00036-00007615-00007927 very heated debate particularly within
+ubsqtEaieAY-00037-00007928-00008174 academe we're wondering today how has
+ubsqtEaieAY-00038-00008175-00008335 this come to be what are the various
+ubsqtEaieAY-00039-00008336-00008439 sides of this
+ubsqtEaieAY-00040-00008440-00008703 debate what role does economic growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00041-00008704-00008751 play
+ubsqtEaieAY-00042-00008752-00008999 in the global environment and can it be
+ubsqtEaieAY-00043-00009000-00009174 mobilized to support
+ubsqtEaieAY-00044-00009175-00009367 genuine sustainability or do we need to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00045-00009368-00009510 find ways of living
+ubsqtEaieAY-00046-00009511-00009839 without economic growth to help guide us
+ubsqtEaieAY-00047-00009840-00009942 through this theme
+ubsqtEaieAY-00048-00009943-00010167 we have two experts in the field susan
+ubsqtEaieAY-00049-00010168-00010383 paulson professor of latin american
+ubsqtEaieAY-00050-00010384-00010606 studies at the university of florida
+ubsqtEaieAY-00051-00010607-00010878 and bengi akbaloo who is an assistant
+ubsqtEaieAY-00052-00010879-00010942 professor
+ubsqtEaieAY-00053-00010943-00011206 in geography planning and environment at
+ubsqtEaieAY-00054-00011207-00011367 concordia university
+ubsqtEaieAY-00055-00011368-00011591 my first question is going to be for you
+ubsqtEaieAY-00056-00011592-00011735 susan
+ubsqtEaieAY-00057-00011736-00011967 i mentioned at the outset that there is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00058-00011968-00012159 a growth environment debate
+ubsqtEaieAY-00059-00012160-00012367 i'm wondering where you would place the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00060-00012368-00012535 origins of this
+ubsqtEaieAY-00061-00012536-00012830 debate great question let me start by
+ubsqtEaieAY-00062-00012831-00013007 distinguishing material growth from
+ubsqtEaieAY-00063-00013008-00013143 economic growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00064-00013144-00013358 so we think about material growth as
+ubsqtEaieAY-00065-00013359-00013558 increase in the quantity of matter and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00066-00013559-00013615 energy
+ubsqtEaieAY-00067-00013616-00013838 transformed by human societies that's
+ubsqtEaieAY-00068-00013840-00014007 trees cut down coal burn
+ubsqtEaieAY-00069-00014008-00014238 plants eaten material growth is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00070-00014240-00014494 calculated by thermodynamic measures
+ubsqtEaieAY-00071-00014495-00014758 economic growth refers to monetary value
+ubsqtEaieAY-00072-00014759-00014919 of goods and services exchanged in a
+ubsqtEaieAY-00073-00014919-00015022 given market
+ubsqtEaieAY-00074-00015023-00015191 we measure economic growth with
+ubsqtEaieAY-00075-00015191-00015366 something like gross domestic product
+ubsqtEaieAY-00076-00015368-00015550 gdp
+ubsqtEaieAY-00077-00015551-00015750 in today's world there's a very broad
+ubsqtEaieAY-00078-00015751-00015863 consensus
+ubsqtEaieAY-00079-00015863-00016150 that ongoing material growth is damaging
+ubsqtEaieAY-00080-00016151-00016350 the environment and must be halted in
+ubsqtEaieAY-00081-00016351-00016543 order to sustain earth systems
+ubsqtEaieAY-00082-00016544-00016775 to allow human societies to thrive and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00083-00016776-00016935 even survive
+ubsqtEaieAY-00084-00016936-00017183 in contrast economic growth continues to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00085-00017184-00017430 be widely embraced as beneficial even
+ubsqtEaieAY-00086-00017431-00017647 necessarily and that's the trouble
+ubsqtEaieAY-00087-00017648-00017871 because to date material and economic
+ubsqtEaieAY-00088-00017872-00017991 growth have been
+ubsqtEaieAY-00089-00017992-00018271 intimately married deeply inseparable
+ubsqtEaieAY-00090-00018272-00018455 right and so we think one is great and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00091-00018456-00018558 the other is bad
+ubsqtEaieAY-00092-00018559-00018767 how do we separate them that's the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00093-00018768-00018879 growth environment
+ubsqtEaieAY-00094-00018880-00019150 debate there's actually two problems
+ubsqtEaieAY-00095-00019151-00019222 involved
+ubsqtEaieAY-00096-00019223-00019519 first is that as we mentioned growing
+ubsqtEaieAY-00097-00019520-00019719 economies use more resources and cause
+ubsqtEaieAY-00098-00019720-00019911 more environmental degradation
+ubsqtEaieAY-00099-00019912-00020071 but there's another problem is that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00100-00020072-00020247 mechanisms of growth require
+ubsqtEaieAY-00101-00020248-00020350 exploitation
+ubsqtEaieAY-00102-00020351-00020575 on equal exchange which creates
+ubsqtEaieAY-00103-00020576-00020830 inequality much of the 20th century
+ubsqtEaieAY-00104-00020831-00021086 has been about addressing challenges of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00105-00021087-00021239 inequality and poverty through
+ubsqtEaieAY-00106-00021240-00021383 experiments with what we call
+ubsqtEaieAY-00107-00021384-00021663 inclusive growth figuring out how to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00108-00021664-00021743 grow
+ubsqtEaieAY-00109-00021744-00021991 and and not exclude and hurt some people
+ubsqtEaieAY-00110-00021992-00022135 right and so there's been some notable
+ubsqtEaieAY-00111-00022136-00022199 con
+ubsqtEaieAY-00112-00022200-00022478 successes in communist socialist and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00113-00022479-00022614 capitalist societies
+ubsqtEaieAY-00114-00022615-00022886 however most reverted back to growing
+ubsqtEaieAY-00115-00022887-00023055 inequality starting in the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00116-00023056-00023455 1980s with this inclusive growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00117-00023456-00023783 in limbo 21st century is becoming a
+ubsqtEaieAY-00118-00023784-00023894 scramble towards
+ubsqtEaieAY-00119-00023895-00024150 green growth which is a kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00120-00024151-00024478 hypothetical future system
+ubsqtEaieAY-00121-00024479-00024775 in which we imagine that gdps will still
+ubsqtEaieAY-00122-00024776-00024830 grow
+ubsqtEaieAY-00123-00024831-00025047 while use of material and energy will
+ubsqtEaieAY-00124-00025048-00025167 decrease
+ubsqtEaieAY-00125-00025168-00025367 anyway people are fantasizing about that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00126-00025368-00025550 option
+ubsqtEaieAY-00127-00025551-00025790 so i i'm hearing a couple possible
+ubsqtEaieAY-00128-00025791-00025958 points of origin but i think
+ubsqtEaieAY-00129-00025960-00026239 ultimately you're linking this to some
+ubsqtEaieAY-00130-00026239-00026351 of the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00131-00026352-00026551 debates about how to make growth more
+ubsqtEaieAY-00132-00026552-00026735 inclusive which occurred in the 20th
+ubsqtEaieAY-00133-00026736-00026839 century
+ubsqtEaieAY-00134-00026839-00027062 bengi where would you place the origins
+ubsqtEaieAY-00135-00027063-00027279 of this debate
+ubsqtEaieAY-00136-00027280-00027607 well it's hard to follow susan
+ubsqtEaieAY-00137-00027608-00027943 on her very very i think kind of concise
+ubsqtEaieAY-00138-00027944-00028207 and comprehensive explanation i think
+ubsqtEaieAY-00139-00028208-00028302 the origins
+ubsqtEaieAY-00140-00028304-00028607 are in growth also
+ubsqtEaieAY-00141-00028608-00028879 equated to development and growth also
+ubsqtEaieAY-00142-00028880-00029062 being equated to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00143-00029063-00029343 a sustained increase in human well-being
+ubsqtEaieAY-00144-00029344-00029599 and it's always been a contested idea as
+ubsqtEaieAY-00145-00029600-00029790 susan has said the growth that we've
+ubsqtEaieAY-00146-00029791-00029902 seen and we have
+ubsqtEaieAY-00147-00029904-00030151 been seeing also recently is capitalist
+ubsqtEaieAY-00148-00030152-00030262 growth that is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00149-00030263-00030574 that has a very particular historical uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-00150-00030575-00030702 trajectory and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00151-00030703-00030902 it's been based on annika exchange and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00152-00030903-00031062 it's been based on
+ubsqtEaieAY-00153-00031063-00031302 exploitation of both humans and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00154-00031303-00031479 non-humans it's been based on
+ubsqtEaieAY-00155-00031480-00031831 colonialism so i think
+ubsqtEaieAY-00156-00031832-00032158 there's that kind of contestation to the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00157-00032160-00032287 idea of growth and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00158-00032288-00032558 and its equation to human betterment
+ubsqtEaieAY-00159-00032560-00032758 that's always been a part of the history
+ubsqtEaieAY-00160-00032760-00032911 of capitalist growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00161-00032912-00033287 um but we see this idea of whether girls
+ubsqtEaieAY-00162-00033288-00033455 could be sustainable especially
+ubsqtEaieAY-00163-00033456-00033687 ecologically kind of coming up in
+ubsqtEaieAY-00164-00033688-00033855 different guises
+ubsqtEaieAY-00165-00033856-00034046 throughout the history of capitalism but
+ubsqtEaieAY-00166-00034047-00034190 also throughout the history of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00167-00034191-00034383 economics for instance as a social
+ubsqtEaieAY-00168-00034384-00034590 science so for instance the idea of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00169-00034591-00034783 environmental kuznets curve
+ubsqtEaieAY-00170-00034784-00035095 which has been used to justify kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00171-00035096-00035495 um and to claim uh that growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00172-00035496-00035790 can be sustainable and even if you don't
+ubsqtEaieAY-00173-00035791-00035862 see
+ubsqtEaieAY-00174-00035863-00036135 that kind of economic growth is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00175-00036136-00036390 sustainability right now
+ubsqtEaieAY-00176-00036391-00036607 that just kind of keep growing and it's
+ubsqtEaieAY-00177-00036608-00036702 going to become
+ubsqtEaieAY-00178-00036703-00036918 environmentally sustainable at some
+ubsqtEaieAY-00179-00036919-00037055 point so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00180-00037056-00037335 new technologies also have resource
+ubsqtEaieAY-00181-00037336-00037518 requirements they also have
+ubsqtEaieAY-00182-00037519-00037887 biophysical implications on all of us
+ubsqtEaieAY-00183-00037888-00038095 and what is kind of what makes it even
+ubsqtEaieAY-00184-00038096-00038215 worse is that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00185-00038216-00038374 these resource requirements or
+ubsqtEaieAY-00186-00038375-00038543 biophysical implications
+ubsqtEaieAY-00187-00038544-00038846 have always been unequally distributed
+ubsqtEaieAY-00188-00038847-00038943 so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00189-00038944-00039255 the unsustainability of growth even if
+ubsqtEaieAY-00190-00039256-00039471 it's through new technologies or
+ubsqtEaieAY-00191-00039472-00039790 uh renewable energy it will it is likely
+ubsqtEaieAY-00192-00039791-00039959 to fall onto
+ubsqtEaieAY-00193-00039960-00040207 uh the global cell it is likely to fall
+ubsqtEaieAY-00194-00040208-00040374 onto the marginalized sections of our
+ubsqtEaieAY-00195-00040375-00040462 societies
+ubsqtEaieAY-00196-00040463-00040695 um who have already kind of uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-00197-00040696-00040799 shouldered the burden
+ubsqtEaieAY-00198-00040800-00041246 of growth so far so what is sustainable
+ubsqtEaieAY-00199-00041247-00041543 or if whether or not growth is seen to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00200-00041544-00041718 be sustainable
+ubsqtEaieAY-00201-00041719-00041999 is very much tied to which costs which
+ubsqtEaieAY-00202-00042000-00042199 ecological and social costs
+ubsqtEaieAY-00203-00042200-00042446 of growth are we making visible or can
+ubsqtEaieAY-00204-00042447-00042574 be made visible
+ubsqtEaieAY-00205-00042575-00042735 and that's ultimately a question of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00206-00042736-00042895 politics that's ultimately a question of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00207-00042896-00043174 power relations which costs of growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00208-00043175-00043407 have we seen so far have been made
+ubsqtEaieAY-00209-00043408-00043502 visible
+ubsqtEaieAY-00210-00043503-00043702 have been kind of struggled against so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00211-00043703-00043983 far and what do we kind of define
+ubsqtEaieAY-00212-00043984-00044295 as uh as costs of growth that we find
+ubsqtEaieAY-00213-00044296-00044535 sustainable or unsustainable
+ubsqtEaieAY-00214-00044536-00044807 and it can make us clean up our mess
+ubsqtEaieAY-00215-00044808-00044879 better
+ubsqtEaieAY-00216-00044880-00045151 so that with technological innovation we
+ubsqtEaieAY-00217-00045152-00045223 will find
+ubsqtEaieAY-00218-00045224-00045479 ways to produce things better to produce
+ubsqtEaieAY-00219-00045480-00045558 things more
+ubsqtEaieAY-00220-00045559-00045887 cleanly and we will find also ways to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00221-00045888-00045935 kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00222-00045936-00046223 clean up our pollution or reproduce and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00223-00046224-00046495 regenerate ecosystems for instance
+ubsqtEaieAY-00224-00046496-00046727 that's kind of that sometimes known as
+ubsqtEaieAY-00225-00046728-00046902 the idea of decoupling
+ubsqtEaieAY-00226-00046903-00047174 so this idea that growing gdp growing
+ubsqtEaieAY-00227-00047175-00047302 economic output
+ubsqtEaieAY-00228-00047303-00047783 can be de-linked or can continue without
+ubsqtEaieAY-00229-00047784-00047815 an
+ubsqtEaieAY-00230-00047816-00048030 equal rate of increase in the material
+ubsqtEaieAY-00231-00048031-00048286 and energy that that economy uses
+ubsqtEaieAY-00232-00048287-00048574 so basically we can grow without using
+ubsqtEaieAY-00233-00048575-00048655 so much
+ubsqtEaieAY-00234-00048656-00048967 of materials and energy so the role of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00235-00048968-00049223 technology basically is what the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00236-00049224-00049327 contemporary
+ubsqtEaieAY-00237-00049328-00049543 kind of disagreement on the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00238-00049544-00049686 sustainability of growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00239-00049687-00049958 centers on and i mean we have kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00240-00049959-00050223 the techno optimists or green growthers
+ubsqtEaieAY-00241-00050224-00050279 who say
+ubsqtEaieAY-00242-00050280-00050543 hey we can do this better in the future
+ubsqtEaieAY-00243-00050544-00050639 and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00244-00050640-00050983 on top of that we need growth we need a
+ubsqtEaieAY-00245-00050984-00051111 growing gdp
+ubsqtEaieAY-00246-00051112-00051342 in order to fuel technological
+ubsqtEaieAY-00247-00051344-00051487 innovation so that's another key
+ubsqtEaieAY-00248-00051488-00051575 assumption
+ubsqtEaieAY-00249-00051576-00051823 that we cannot actually kind of find
+ubsqtEaieAY-00250-00051824-00051999 better ways of doing it
+ubsqtEaieAY-00251-00052000-00052311 without growing on the other side
+ubsqtEaieAY-00252-00052312-00052630 we have the critics of green growth or
+ubsqtEaieAY-00253-00052632-00052903 for instance degrowth who criticizes
+ubsqtEaieAY-00254-00052904-00053135 this assumption this techno-optimism
+ubsqtEaieAY-00255-00053136-00053335 sometimes called techno-optimism
+ubsqtEaieAY-00256-00053336-00053663 sometimes called equal modernization
+ubsqtEaieAY-00257-00053664-00053838 saying that hey wait i mean there are
+ubsqtEaieAY-00258-00053839-00054023 many reasons to be skeptical
+ubsqtEaieAY-00259-00054024-00054247 of being so optimistic of what
+ubsqtEaieAY-00260-00054248-00054511 technology can do for us
+ubsqtEaieAY-00261-00054512-00054766 there are different reasons to be
+ubsqtEaieAY-00262-00054767-00054854 skeptical
+ubsqtEaieAY-00263-00054855-00055166 one of them being one of them known as
+ubsqtEaieAY-00264-00055167-00055423 the germans paradox or sometimes known
+ubsqtEaieAY-00265-00055424-00055663 as the rebound effects
+ubsqtEaieAY-00266-00055664-00055991 which basically says that we can become
+ubsqtEaieAY-00267-00055991-00056335 we can find or discover more equal
+ubsqtEaieAY-00268-00056336-00056399 efficient
+ubsqtEaieAY-00269-00056400-00056623 ways of producing things but the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00270-00056624-00056991 adoption of that technology or technique
+ubsqtEaieAY-00271-00056991-00057319 at a larger scale will basically
+ubsqtEaieAY-00272-00057320-00057654 lead to a higher level of resource and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00273-00057655-00057799 energy consumption
+ubsqtEaieAY-00274-00057800-00058063 uh overall so this is kind of this is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00275-00058064-00058279 often traced back to jevons who was
+ubsqtEaieAY-00276-00058279-00058359 looking at
+ubsqtEaieAY-00277-00058360-00058679 uh coal-fired engines in england
+ubsqtEaieAY-00278-00058679-00059007 and basically what jevons observed was
+ubsqtEaieAY-00279-00059008-00059135 that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00280-00059136-00059366 as engines were becoming more efficient
+ubsqtEaieAY-00281-00059367-00059535 so as they were using
+ubsqtEaieAY-00282-00059536-00059823 less coal so as less coal per engine was
+ubsqtEaieAY-00283-00059824-00059991 being used
+ubsqtEaieAY-00284-00059991-00060223 the the technology that efficient
+ubsqtEaieAY-00285-00060224-00060438 technology was also becoming a lot more
+ubsqtEaieAY-00286-00060439-00060582 widespread so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00287-00060583-00060863 overall the use of coal although per
+ubsqtEaieAY-00288-00060864-00060919 engine
+ubsqtEaieAY-00289-00060920-00061166 use of coal was decreasing the aggregate
+ubsqtEaieAY-00290-00061167-00061335 use of coal was increasing
+ubsqtEaieAY-00291-00061336-00061526 so we see that happening in different
+ubsqtEaieAY-00292-00061527-00061742 ways with new technologies
+ubsqtEaieAY-00293-00061744-00061991 all around us as well so new
+ubsqtEaieAY-00294-00061991-00062094 technologies
+ubsqtEaieAY-00295-00062095-00062326 also have resource requirements they
+ubsqtEaieAY-00296-00062327-00062438 also have
+ubsqtEaieAY-00297-00062439-00062799 biophysical implications on all of us
+ubsqtEaieAY-00298-00062800-00063006 and what is kind of what makes it even
+ubsqtEaieAY-00299-00063007-00063223 worse is that these resource
+ubsqtEaieAY-00300-00063224-00063463 requirements or biophysical implications
+ubsqtEaieAY-00301-00063464-00063759 have always been unequally distributed
+ubsqtEaieAY-00302-00063760-00063854 so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00303-00063855-00064166 the unsustainability of growth even if
+ubsqtEaieAY-00304-00064167-00064342 it's through new technologies
+ubsqtEaieAY-00305-00064344-00064654 or renewable energy it will it is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00306-00064655-00064999 likely to fall onto uh the global cells
+ubsqtEaieAY-00307-00065000-00065159 it is likely to fall onto the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00308-00065160-00065375 marginalized sections of our societies
+ubsqtEaieAY-00309-00065376-00065615 um who have already kind of uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-00310-00065616-00065838 shouldered the burden of growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00311-00065839-00066159 so far so what is sustainable
+ubsqtEaieAY-00312-00066160-00066463 or if whether or not growth is seen to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00313-00066464-00066638 be sustainable
+ubsqtEaieAY-00314-00066639-00066919 is very much tied to which costs which
+ubsqtEaieAY-00315-00066920-00067175 ecological and social costs of growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00316-00067176-00067415 are we making visible or can be made
+ubsqtEaieAY-00317-00067416-00067487 visible
+ubsqtEaieAY-00318-00067488-00067655 and that's ultimately a question of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00319-00067656-00067815 politics that's ultimately a question of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00320-00067816-00068087 power relations which costs of growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00321-00068088-00068319 have we seen so far have been made
+ubsqtEaieAY-00322-00068320-00068423 visible
+ubsqtEaieAY-00323-00068424-00068615 have been kind of struggled against so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00324-00068616-00068750 far and what do we
+ubsqtEaieAY-00325-00068751-00069135 kind of define as uh as costs of growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00326-00069136-00069311 that we find sustainable or
+ubsqtEaieAY-00327-00069312-00069559 unsustainable thank you
+ubsqtEaieAY-00328-00069560-00069879 and you raise a number of concepts um
+ubsqtEaieAY-00329-00069880-00070047 which you've done a great job of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00330-00070048-00070215 defining you know the environmental
+ubsqtEaieAY-00331-00070216-00070343 kuznets curve
+ubsqtEaieAY-00332-00070344-00070615 uh the gevins paradox eco-modernism
+ubsqtEaieAY-00333-00070616-00070747 which you sort of equated with
+ubsqtEaieAY-00334-00070748-00070950 techno-optimism as well
+ubsqtEaieAY-00335-00070951-00071223 um and you you conveyed you know you
+ubsqtEaieAY-00336-00071224-00071382 answered my my subsequent questions
+ubsqtEaieAY-00337-00071383-00071462 about uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-00338-00071463-00071679 what i was hoping to ask about you know
+ubsqtEaieAY-00339-00071680-00071894 what exactly is decoupling you know this
+ubsqtEaieAY-00340-00071895-00072150 this idea that's central to this this
+ubsqtEaieAY-00341-00072151-00072335 idea of of an environmental business
+ubsqtEaieAY-00342-00072336-00072438 curve so i'm gonna
+ubsqtEaieAY-00343-00072439-00072726 ask though because you know i i'm
+ubsqtEaieAY-00344-00072727-00072903 thinking of a talk i attended a couple
+ubsqtEaieAY-00345-00072904-00073031 weeks ago with a
+ubsqtEaieAY-00346-00073032-00073279 the ambassador of an unnamed
+ubsqtEaieAY-00347-00073280-00073606 scandinavian country but the claim was
+ubsqtEaieAY-00348-00073607-00073919 we have achieved essentially a
+ubsqtEaieAY-00349-00073920-00074271 a measure of significant decoupling
+ubsqtEaieAY-00350-00074272-00074591 from not just our sort of domestic
+ubsqtEaieAY-00351-00074592-00074831 emissions at a national scale from
+ubsqtEaieAY-00352-00074832-00074926 economic growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00353-00074927-00075247 but we've actually decoupled our
+ubsqtEaieAY-00354-00075248-00075567 impact from the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00355-00075568-00075887 entire consumption-based footprint of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00356-00075888-00076159 the country in other words the claim was
+ubsqtEaieAY-00357-00076160-00076287 we have achieved
+ubsqtEaieAY-00358-00076288-00076582 you know uh absolute decoupling at least
+ubsqtEaieAY-00359-00076583-00076631 in us
+ubsqtEaieAY-00360-00076632-00076831 in a you know territorial scale a
+ubsqtEaieAY-00361-00076832-00077023 national scale
+ubsqtEaieAY-00362-00077024-00077262 and that reminded me that you know we
+ubsqtEaieAY-00363-00077263-00077406 have all kinds of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00364-00077407-00077823 evidence for what we can call decoupling
+ubsqtEaieAY-00365-00077824-00078143 again this decoupling of the impact from
+ubsqtEaieAY-00366-00078144-00078350 economic growth and its environmental
+ubsqtEaieAY-00367-00078351-00078543 impact i take your point bendy that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00368-00078544-00078615 you've given some
+ubsqtEaieAY-00369-00078616-00078791 ideas about why there continues to be
+ubsqtEaieAY-00370-00078792-00078935 skepticism
+ubsqtEaieAY-00371-00078936-00079111 about this concept of decoupling but i'm
+ubsqtEaieAY-00372-00079112-00079303 wondering if susan wants to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00373-00079304-00079655 add in there on why the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00374-00079656-00079879 evidence for it which is presented is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00375-00079880-00079975 not
+ubsqtEaieAY-00376-00079976-00080199 considered sufficient for many people
+ubsqtEaieAY-00377-00080200-00080294 who are critical
+ubsqtEaieAY-00378-00080295-00080647 of green growth i would love to come in
+ubsqtEaieAY-00379-00080648-00080831 ryan on this question
+ubsqtEaieAY-00380-00080832-00081223 um you described this
+ubsqtEaieAY-00381-00081224-00081375 discussion of decoupling by a
+ubsqtEaieAY-00382-00081376-00081543 scandinavian country
+ubsqtEaieAY-00383-00081544-00081815 certainly some countries notably a few
+ubsqtEaieAY-00384-00081816-00081991 scandinavian countries
+ubsqtEaieAY-00385-00081992-00082382 have managed to de-link the pace of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00386-00082383-00082703 growth of their gdp from
+ubsqtEaieAY-00387-00082704-00082918 specific indicators for example growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00388-00082919-00083047 of water use
+ubsqtEaieAY-00389-00083048-00083318 growth of of emission of climate change
+ubsqtEaieAY-00390-00083319-00083503 emissions etc right
+ubsqtEaieAY-00391-00083504-00083926 and so what we see are our unique
+ubsqtEaieAY-00392-00083927-00084238 separations there um
+ubsqtEaieAY-00393-00084239-00084631 some many countries have also managed to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00394-00084632-00084991 reduce the total global footprint
+ubsqtEaieAY-00395-00084992-00085359 per extra dollar of gdp
+ubsqtEaieAY-00396-00085360-00085671 now as benky was explaining
+ubsqtEaieAY-00397-00085672-00085999 as long as things become more efficient
+ubsqtEaieAY-00398-00086000-00086247 in a capitalist competitive system that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00399-00086248-00086423 can actually help
+ubsqtEaieAY-00400-00086424-00086687 growth and so economies will continue
+ubsqtEaieAY-00401-00086688-00086799 growing so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00402-00086800-00087103 even if each extra dollar gdp
+ubsqtEaieAY-00403-00087104-00087382 costs less water or less emissions or
+ubsqtEaieAY-00404-00087383-00087623 less eco footprint overall
+ubsqtEaieAY-00405-00087624-00087799 as long as you grow you're going to have
+ubsqtEaieAY-00406-00087800-00087926 some greater
+ubsqtEaieAY-00407-00087927-00088191 contribution and imagine if you go
+ubsqtEaieAY-00408-00088192-00088375 nowadays people are going
+ubsqtEaieAY-00409-00088376-00088694 three percent a year that adds up and it
+ubsqtEaieAY-00410-00088695-00088911 becomes cumulative so that's a problem
+ubsqtEaieAY-00411-00088912-00089159 i just want to point out you say there's
+ubsqtEaieAY-00412-00089160-00089223 evidence
+ubsqtEaieAY-00413-00089224-00089526 um there's a very strong uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-00414-00089527-00089847 publication called decoupling debunked
+ubsqtEaieAY-00415-00089848-00090023 evidence and arguments against green
+ubsqtEaieAY-00416-00090024-00090238 growth as a sole strategy
+ubsqtEaieAY-00417-00090239-00090550 for sustainability that was published uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-00418-00090551-00090862 in 2019 by climate energy of the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00419-00090863-00091071 european union right
+ubsqtEaieAY-00420-00091072-00091511 and it basically argues that um
+ubsqtEaieAY-00421-00091512-00091759 evidence is overwhelmingly clear that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00422-00091760-00091991 there's no empirical evidence supporting
+ubsqtEaieAY-00423-00091992-00092206 the existence of decoupling of economic
+ubsqtEaieAY-00424-00092207-00092406 growth from environmental pressures on
+ubsqtEaieAY-00425-00092407-00092471 anywhere
+ubsqtEaieAY-00426-00092472-00092711 near the scale needed to deal with
+ubsqtEaieAY-00427-00092712-00092903 environmental breakdown
+ubsqtEaieAY-00428-00092904-00093182 and such decoupling appears unlikely or
+ubsqtEaieAY-00429-00093183-00093359 impossible in the future
+ubsqtEaieAY-00430-00093360-00093623 so basically they said yes attempts to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00431-00093624-00093774 decouple are great
+ubsqtEaieAY-00432-00093775-00094079 but they also need to be
+ubsqtEaieAY-00433-00094080-00094359 accompanied by attempts to reduce the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00434-00094360-00094462 gdp and the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00435-00094463-00094767 consumption altogether so we need both
+ubsqtEaieAY-00436-00094768-00094999 basically is the argument right so what
+ubsqtEaieAY-00437-00095000-00095174 you're talking about is evidence
+ubsqtEaieAY-00438-00095175-00095494 of unique oh look i made one car with
+ubsqtEaieAY-00439-00095495-00095774 less material than we used to but if
+ubsqtEaieAY-00440-00095775-00095950 we're making twice as many cars as we
+ubsqtEaieAY-00441-00095951-00096023 used to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00442-00096024-00096255 the javon's paradox thing it doesn't
+ubsqtEaieAY-00443-00096256-00096423 help us right and so you've got to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00444-00096424-00096503 separate
+ubsqtEaieAY-00445-00096504-00096735 the specific examples of increased
+ubsqtEaieAY-00446-00096736-00096918 efficiency that lead to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00447-00096919-00097223 unique decoupling of a phenomenon to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00448-00097224-00097591 an overall historical impact through the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00449-00097592-00097655 years
+ubsqtEaieAY-00450-00097656-00097982 of whether each country is contributing
+ubsqtEaieAY-00451-00097983-00098206 to more resource use and more emissions
+ubsqtEaieAY-00452-00098207-00098382 in waste or to less
+ubsqtEaieAY-00453-00098383-00098574 and i don't think we have any countries
+ubsqtEaieAY-00454-00098575-00098799 less that are in absolute terms
+ubsqtEaieAY-00455-00098800-00099047 reducing their total use of resources in
+ubsqtEaieAY-00456-00099048-00099159 their missions
+ubsqtEaieAY-00457-00099160-00099294 that we just haven't seen it the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00458-00099295-00099462 empirical evidence says no country has
+ubsqtEaieAY-00459-00099463-00099679 done that yet
+ubsqtEaieAY-00460-00099680-00099887 thanks susan that's a really uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-00461-00099888-00100055 comprehensive answer and i'm going to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00462-00100056-00100111 turn to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00463-00100112-00100343 to bengi in a minute uh for her take but
+ubsqtEaieAY-00464-00100344-00100423 before i do
+ubsqtEaieAY-00465-00100424-00100815 apologies bengi um i want to ask
+ubsqtEaieAY-00466-00100816-00101094 you susan about d growth because bengi
+ubsqtEaieAY-00467-00101095-00101150 did
+ubsqtEaieAY-00468-00101151-00101503 uh bring up the term and you have
+ubsqtEaieAY-00469-00101504-00101791 written a a book called the case for d
+ubsqtEaieAY-00470-00101792-00101959 growth or i should say you co-wrote
+ubsqtEaieAY-00471-00101960-00102206 a book called the case for d growth so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00472-00102207-00102287 i'm wondering
+ubsqtEaieAY-00473-00102288-00102527 if you can just take us back a little
+ubsqtEaieAY-00474-00102528-00102823 bit a few steps to just define
+ubsqtEaieAY-00475-00102824-00103094 what the degrowth movement is about
+ubsqtEaieAY-00476-00103095-00103206 right
+ubsqtEaieAY-00477-00103207-00103478 bengi described that there's been debate
+ubsqtEaieAY-00478-00103479-00103663 about ecological degradation
+ubsqtEaieAY-00479-00103664-00103878 inequality since the emergence of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00480-00103879-00104015 colonial capitalism
+ubsqtEaieAY-00481-00104016-00104206 since the emergence of fossil fuel
+ubsqtEaieAY-00482-00104207-00104439 industrialization all kinds of debate
+ubsqtEaieAY-00483-00104440-00104590 and conflict right
+ubsqtEaieAY-00484-00104591-00104790 together with critique of quite
+ubsqtEaieAY-00485-00104791-00105015 ambiguous impacts of technological
+ubsqtEaieAY-00486-00105016-00105127 innovations
+ubsqtEaieAY-00487-00105128-00105351 so that's something that's been going on
+ubsqtEaieAY-00488-00105352-00105454 um
+ubsqtEaieAY-00489-00105455-00105695 throughout the rise of industrial
+ubsqtEaieAY-00490-00105696-00105799 capitalism
+ubsqtEaieAY-00491-00105800-00106047 in the late 20th century heightened
+ubsqtEaieAY-00492-00106048-00106183 awareness of this
+ubsqtEaieAY-00493-00106183-00106375 especially acute awareness of what was
+ubsqtEaieAY-00494-00106376-00106575 happening in the so-called third world
+ubsqtEaieAY-00495-00106576-00106743 colonized places
+ubsqtEaieAY-00496-00106744-00107054 prompted the emergence in the north of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00497-00107055-00107215 d-growth movements
+ubsqtEaieAY-00498-00107216-00107478 that said hey let's work to make healthy
+ubsqtEaieAY-00499-00107479-00107647 futures in three ways
+ubsqtEaieAY-00500-00107648-00107886 one by decreasing the quantity of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00501-00107888-00107999 material and energy
+ubsqtEaieAY-00502-00108000-00108334 used by wealthy economies two
+ubsqtEaieAY-00503-00108335-00108558 by curbing our cultural and personal
+ubsqtEaieAY-00504-00108559-00108790 obsessions with growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00505-00108791-00109039 and three by reorienting values
+ubsqtEaieAY-00506-00109040-00109239 institutions and worldviews
+ubsqtEaieAY-00507-00109240-00109607 around care and regeneration of humans
+ubsqtEaieAY-00508-00109608-00110039 and other nature sounds good huh
+ubsqtEaieAY-00509-00110040-00110215 you'd be surprised people are so against
+ubsqtEaieAY-00510-00110216-00110423 it it's a scary idea
+ubsqtEaieAY-00511-00110424-00110743 so you know why are we starting to think
+ubsqtEaieAY-00512-00110744-00110831 this way
+ubsqtEaieAY-00513-00110832-00111031 obviously climate change has shifted
+ubsqtEaieAY-00514-00111032-00111231 thinking right revealing that high gdp
+ubsqtEaieAY-00515-00111232-00111302 countries are
+ubsqtEaieAY-00516-00111303-00111607 impacting world ecologies but also
+ubsqtEaieAY-00517-00111608-00111886 post-colonial and decolonial voices and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00518-00111888-00111990 visions
+ubsqtEaieAY-00519-00111991-00112231 have revealed the asymmetrical power
+ubsqtEaieAY-00520-00112232-00112463 relations and relations of knowledge and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00521-00112464-00112534 science
+ubsqtEaieAY-00522-00112535-00112766 that have led to this uneven situation
+ubsqtEaieAY-00523-00112767-00112910 right and really push
+ubsqtEaieAY-00524-00112911-00113086 people from the north that say no no no
+ubsqtEaieAY-00525-00113088-00113271 it's not about helping the poor
+ubsqtEaieAY-00526-00113272-00113383 suffering south
+ubsqtEaieAY-00527-00113383-00113623 it's about cleaning up your own act
+ubsqtEaieAY-00528-00113624-00113695 right so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00529-00113696-00114031 in our new book the case for degrowth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00530-00114032-00114295 we ask how can oecd countries and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00531-00114296-00114399 societies
+ubsqtEaieAY-00532-00114400-00114702 clean up their own act in the sense of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00533-00114703-00114919 establishing environments to support
+ubsqtEaieAY-00534-00114920-00115134 more equitable and sustainable paths to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00535-00115135-00115231 well-being
+ubsqtEaieAY-00536-00115232-00115431 for our own people that don't use
+ubsqtEaieAY-00537-00115432-00115615 everyone else's resource and produce a
+ubsqtEaieAY-00538-00115616-00115783 lot of waste that hurts other people
+ubsqtEaieAY-00539-00115783-00116102 right so here's just a package
+ubsqtEaieAY-00540-00116103-00116375 of different sort of policies that we
+ubsqtEaieAY-00541-00116376-00116439 explore
+ubsqtEaieAY-00542-00116440-00116678 some are green new deals without growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00543-00116679-00116934 reduced working hours guaranteed jobs
+ubsqtEaieAY-00544-00116935-00117158 universal basic incomes and services
+ubsqtEaieAY-00545-00117159-00117358 support of community economies and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00546-00117359-00117543 commons and commoning
+ubsqtEaieAY-00547-00117544-00117839 and reorganization of public finance
+ubsqtEaieAY-00548-00117840-00117943 basically
+ubsqtEaieAY-00549-00117944-00118215 shifting all of these policies away from
+ubsqtEaieAY-00550-00118216-00118383 how can we grow the gdp
+ubsqtEaieAY-00551-00118383-00118719 to how can we enhance well-being right
+ubsqtEaieAY-00552-00118720-00119039 and so that's not so hard um and we've
+ubsqtEaieAY-00553-00119040-00119134 been thrilled
+ubsqtEaieAY-00554-00119135-00119390 during kobit to see that governments
+ubsqtEaieAY-00555-00119391-00119495 across the political
+ubsqtEaieAY-00556-00119496-00119695 spectrum are starting to consider and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00557-00119696-00119854 implement some aspects of these
+ubsqtEaieAY-00558-00119855-00120015 proposals
+ubsqtEaieAY-00559-00120016-00120231 the point is even the best policies
+ubsqtEaieAY-00560-00120232-00120375 can't sustain
+ubsqtEaieAY-00561-00120376-00120590 that the kind of transformation we dream
+ubsqtEaieAY-00562-00120591-00120727 of without really
+ubsqtEaieAY-00563-00120728-00120966 deep social cultural changes changes
+ubsqtEaieAY-00564-00120967-00121127 that we're struggling with in our own
+ubsqtEaieAY-00565-00121128-00121271 hearts and our own lives and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00566-00121272-00121390 relationships
+ubsqtEaieAY-00567-00121391-00121554 which is a quite sort of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00568-00121555-00121710 multi-dimensional journey
+ubsqtEaieAY-00569-00121711-00121975 so we write about some of these right
+ubsqtEaieAY-00570-00121976-00122014 how
+ubsqtEaieAY-00571-00122015-00122286 can i in my life change everyday
+ubsqtEaieAY-00572-00122288-00122558 practices relationships design
+ubsqtEaieAY-00573-00122559-00122790 myth and values that reproduce and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00574-00122791-00122863 accept
+ubsqtEaieAY-00575-00122864-00123071 institutions and social systems in which
+ubsqtEaieAY-00576-00123072-00123207 i'm part of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00577-00123208-00123495 social and political movements and i
+ubsqtEaieAY-00578-00123496-00123575 think
+ubsqtEaieAY-00579-00123576-00123790 the final message i really want to give
+ubsqtEaieAY-00580-00123791-00123951 is that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00581-00123952-00124271 for people working in d growth no one
+ubsqtEaieAY-00582-00124272-00124583 sight or motor of change is privileged
+ubsqtEaieAY-00583-00124583-00124719 it's not like oh my god we've got to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00584-00124720-00124847 have a revolution to take over the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00585-00124848-00125023 government or we've got to change gender
+ubsqtEaieAY-00586-00125024-00125078 roles
+ubsqtEaieAY-00587-00125079-00125319 each one of us can make positive moves
+ubsqtEaieAY-00588-00125320-00125551 on really different fronts
+ubsqtEaieAY-00589-00125552-00125758 and we just have this kind of faith in
+ubsqtEaieAY-00590-00125759-00126007 co-evolution that those moves those
+ubsqtEaieAY-00591-00126008-00126190 those innovations will interact in
+ubsqtEaieAY-00592-00126191-00126319 unpredictable
+ubsqtEaieAY-00593-00126320-00126663 often mysterious ways to lead us towards
+ubsqtEaieAY-00594-00126664-00126895 healthier futures so that's in a
+ubsqtEaieAY-00595-00126896-00126975 nutshell
+ubsqtEaieAY-00596-00126976-00127158 some ways that i'm thinking about d
+ubsqtEaieAY-00597-00127159-00127319 group
+ubsqtEaieAY-00598-00127320-00127566 well that's a very detailed nutshell so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00599-00127567-00127783 thank you susan and i know bengi wants
+ubsqtEaieAY-00600-00127783-00128047 to add in here and i should note that uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-00601-00128048-00128399 bengi has also written a piece on d
+ubsqtEaieAY-00602-00128400-00128654 growth which just came out in a journal
+ubsqtEaieAY-00603-00128655-00128871 called rethinking marxism
+ubsqtEaieAY-00604-00128872-00129134 bengi when you hear susan define d
+ubsqtEaieAY-00605-00129135-00129231 growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00606-00129232-00129375 what comes to your mind how would you
+ubsqtEaieAY-00607-00129376-00129551 add to the discussion
+ubsqtEaieAY-00608-00129552-00129951 when susan defines anything i love it so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00609-00129952-00130310 it's uh it goes without saying but um
+ubsqtEaieAY-00610-00130311-00130663 so i think susan really um kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00611-00130664-00130943 made it clear that degrowth is not about
+ubsqtEaieAY-00612-00130944-00131014 less
+ubsqtEaieAY-00613-00131015-00131239 or it is about less but it is more
+ubsqtEaieAY-00614-00131240-00131359 fundamentally about
+ubsqtEaieAY-00615-00131360-00131702 different so it's about building
+ubsqtEaieAY-00616-00131703-00131959 demanding kind of imagining and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00617-00131960-00132047 constituting
+ubsqtEaieAY-00618-00132048-00132383 and enacting a different kind of economy
+ubsqtEaieAY-00619-00132384-00132543 different kind of relationships an
+ubsqtEaieAY-00620-00132544-00132807 economy that serves different purposes
+ubsqtEaieAY-00621-00132808-00133087 um and organized differently what i
+ubsqtEaieAY-00622-00133088-00133239 would like to add
+ubsqtEaieAY-00623-00133240-00133583 maybe is uh that degrowth also is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00624-00133584-00133975 is kind of um is a strike against
+ubsqtEaieAY-00625-00133976-00134278 the power of the idea of growth uh so it
+ubsqtEaieAY-00626-00134279-00134359 aims to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00627-00134360-00134599 dethrone the idea of growth it's it's
+ubsqtEaieAY-00628-00134600-00134687 automatic
+ubsqtEaieAY-00629-00134688-00134999 kind of equation with better in that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00630-00135000-00135047 sense
+ubsqtEaieAY-00631-00135048-00135366 it's um it's a politics about
+ubsqtEaieAY-00632-00135367-00135663 reclaiming our identities our beings our
+ubsqtEaieAY-00633-00135664-00135823 subjectivities
+ubsqtEaieAY-00634-00135824-00136095 that is outside of this kind of almost
+ubsqtEaieAY-00635-00136096-00136199 automatic
+ubsqtEaieAY-00636-00136200-00136478 uh imperative that we should be growing
+ubsqtEaieAY-00637-00136479-00136543 so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00638-00136544-00136775 it's kind of it's also a call for
+ubsqtEaieAY-00639-00136776-00136871 recovering
+ubsqtEaieAY-00640-00136872-00137214 and rediscovering ourselves as as people
+ubsqtEaieAY-00641-00137215-00137502 who are not only consumers or producers
+ubsqtEaieAY-00642-00137503-00137743 or economic subjects but also
+ubsqtEaieAY-00643-00137744-00138039 citizens and political subjects that can
+ubsqtEaieAY-00644-00138040-00138102 imagine
+ubsqtEaieAY-00645-00138103-00138302 and can mobilize towards things so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00646-00138303-00138431 that's
+ubsqtEaieAY-00647-00138432-00138743 i think uh that's a strong point that's
+ubsqtEaieAY-00648-00138744-00138807 um
+ubsqtEaieAY-00649-00138808-00139071 that needs to uh that also kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00650-00139072-00139135 connects
+ubsqtEaieAY-00651-00139136-00139454 the growth with other um
+ubsqtEaieAY-00652-00139455-00139695 critiques of development for instance
+ubsqtEaieAY-00653-00139696-00139854 that is emerging
+ubsqtEaieAY-00654-00139855-00140175 uh from and that has always been in
+ubsqtEaieAY-00655-00140176-00140454 around but especially is very strongly
+ubsqtEaieAY-00656-00140455-00140559 emerging from
+ubsqtEaieAY-00657-00140560-00140783 from the global cells and from
+ubsqtEaieAY-00658-00140784-00141007 indigenous for instance cosmologies of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00659-00141008-00141214 other ideas of living well that is not
+ubsqtEaieAY-00660-00141215-00141383 necessarily
+ubsqtEaieAY-00661-00141384-00141647 equated to having more material wealth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00662-00141648-00141863 or having economic growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00663-00141864-00142166 the second one the second kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00664-00142167-00142575 um maybe a theme that i want to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00665-00142576-00142790 highlight about the growth is the idea
+ubsqtEaieAY-00666-00142791-00142902 of justice
+ubsqtEaieAY-00667-00142903-00143207 i mean apart from the very um i think
+ubsqtEaieAY-00668-00143208-00143319 misleading
+ubsqtEaieAY-00669-00143320-00143639 um equation of degrowth with uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-00670-00143640-00143783 austerity
+ubsqtEaieAY-00671-00143784-00144102 or or drudgery another equally
+ubsqtEaieAY-00672-00144103-00144423 misleading equation or representation
+ubsqtEaieAY-00673-00144424-00144623 of the growth is that everyone has to do
+ubsqtEaieAY-00674-00144624-00144790 the same thing or it's going to be
+ubsqtEaieAY-00675-00144791-00144887 unjust or
+ubsqtEaieAY-00676-00144888-00145199 undemocratic justice the idea of justice
+ubsqtEaieAY-00677-00145200-00145423 not only kind of justice in the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00678-00145424-00145663 sense of historical injustices that has
+ubsqtEaieAY-00679-00145664-00145799 been associated with
+ubsqtEaieAY-00680-00145800-00145999 with the trajectory of of capitalist
+ubsqtEaieAY-00681-00146000-00146239 growth but justice today as well
+ubsqtEaieAY-00682-00146240-00146519 as is very fundamental to the growth in
+ubsqtEaieAY-00683-00146520-00146639 my opinion or
+ubsqtEaieAY-00684-00146640-00146983 my idea of degrees so um for instance
+ubsqtEaieAY-00685-00146984-00147119 ryan when we were talking about
+ubsqtEaieAY-00686-00147120-00147231 decoupling
+ubsqtEaieAY-00687-00147232-00147535 and this unnamed scandinavian country
+ubsqtEaieAY-00688-00147536-00147759 whose growth has been decoupling from
+ubsqtEaieAY-00689-00147760-00147959 certain environmental impacts
+ubsqtEaieAY-00690-00147960-00148239 mostly coupling studies or measures are
+ubsqtEaieAY-00691-00148240-00148399 focused on
+ubsqtEaieAY-00692-00148400-00148726 production so it kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00693-00148727-00148983 shy skirts away from consumption
+ubsqtEaieAY-00694-00148984-00149126 activities so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00695-00149127-00149399 um most again decoupling or most
+ubsqtEaieAY-00696-00149400-00149654 demonstrations of decoupling
+ubsqtEaieAY-00697-00149655-00150007 kind of excludes what is kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00698-00150008-00150343 both what is imported into that country
+ubsqtEaieAY-00699-00150344-00150526 whatever country we're talking about
+ubsqtEaieAY-00700-00150527-00150831 and the imported goods might have a very
+ubsqtEaieAY-00701-00150832-00151119 detrimental empire environmental impacts
+ubsqtEaieAY-00702-00151120-00151263 when they were produced in a different
+ubsqtEaieAY-00703-00151264-00151335 country
+ubsqtEaieAY-00704-00151336-00151575 so for instance if the global north is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00705-00151576-00151783 buying most of its food stuff
+ubsqtEaieAY-00706-00151784-00152063 from the global cells it's basically
+ubsqtEaieAY-00707-00152064-00152135 kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00708-00152136-00152390 importing the nature of global cells
+ubsqtEaieAY-00709-00152391-00152631 embodied in those who knows food stuff
+ubsqtEaieAY-00710-00152632-00152887 but if you're doing a production-based
+ubsqtEaieAY-00711-00152888-00153031 decoupling study
+ubsqtEaieAY-00712-00153032-00153247 you wouldn't see these impacts so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00713-00153248-00153423 digraph has this idea of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00714-00153424-00153735 kind of both kind of moving towards a
+ubsqtEaieAY-00715-00153736-00153807 more just
+ubsqtEaieAY-00716-00153808-00154095 system within regions within countries
+ubsqtEaieAY-00717-00154096-00154223 but also
+ubsqtEaieAY-00718-00154224-00154495 correcting doing things to correct
+ubsqtEaieAY-00719-00154496-00154711 historical injustices that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00720-00154712-00154990 growth has brought in between global
+ubsqtEaieAY-00721-00154991-00155214 south and north so there's
+ubsqtEaieAY-00722-00155215-00155463 both kind of this notion of justice
+ubsqtEaieAY-00723-00155464-00155599 implied in this idea
+ubsqtEaieAY-00724-00155600-00155983 but also that as as susan also alluded
+ubsqtEaieAY-00725-00155984-00156039 to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00726-00156040-00156278 there are different trajectories that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00727-00156279-00156359 can happen
+ubsqtEaieAY-00728-00156360-00156502 in the growth it doesn't mean that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00729-00156503-00156847 everyone has to in the same way
+ubsqtEaieAY-00730-00156848-00157102 well that might actually that last point
+ubsqtEaieAY-00731-00157103-00157254 bengi might be a good
+ubsqtEaieAY-00732-00157255-00157583 uh segue to the next series of questions
+ubsqtEaieAY-00733-00157584-00157775 that i wanted to ask both of you
+ubsqtEaieAY-00734-00157776-00158039 uh because you know susan for instance
+ubsqtEaieAY-00735-00158040-00158095 uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-00736-00158096-00158343 raised the idea that much of what you
+ubsqtEaieAY-00737-00158344-00158447 were writing about in the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00738-00158448-00158759 in the the book at least uh was about
+ubsqtEaieAY-00739-00158760-00159095 oecd societies cleaning up their own act
+ubsqtEaieAY-00740-00159096-00159166 i think was the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00741-00159167-00159471 the framing that you use um so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00742-00159472-00159687 susan you you are part of a latin
+ubsqtEaieAY-00743-00159688-00159878 american studies department and and you
+ubsqtEaieAY-00744-00159879-00160014 have expertise there
+ubsqtEaieAY-00745-00160015-00160351 and we do often hear criticism about the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00746-00160352-00160614 degrowth movement that it's a philosophy
+ubsqtEaieAY-00747-00160615-00160823 from those and and for those in the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00748-00160824-00161007 global north which doesn't have this
+ubsqtEaieAY-00749-00161008-00161102 sort of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00750-00161103-00161375 purchase in developing countries so i'm
+ubsqtEaieAY-00751-00161376-00161502 wondering if we can
+ubsqtEaieAY-00752-00161503-00161831 talk about the way that d growth finds
+ubsqtEaieAY-00753-00161832-00162039 itself or operates within a in a
+ubsqtEaieAY-00754-00162040-00162166 developing economy
+ubsqtEaieAY-00755-00162167-00162511 context can we sort of interpret a role
+ubsqtEaieAY-00756-00162512-00162647 for degrowth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00757-00162648-00162902 in a sustainable development strategy in
+ubsqtEaieAY-00758-00162903-00163119 the global south
+ubsqtEaieAY-00759-00163120-00163511 yes good question
+ubsqtEaieAY-00760-00163512-00163726 um there's a lot of confusion on this
+ubsqtEaieAY-00761-00163727-00163831 front
+ubsqtEaieAY-00762-00163832-00163983 let me go back a little bit to the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00763-00163984-00164166 nineteen seventies the earliest
+ubsqtEaieAY-00764-00164167-00164423 articulations of dick croissants among
+ubsqtEaieAY-00765-00164424-00164638 gortz ilitch latouche
+ubsqtEaieAY-00766-00164639-00164854 they were very clear about the issues of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00767-00164855-00165014 international justice
+ubsqtEaieAY-00768-00165015-00165366 that bengi uh mentioned and their sort
+ubsqtEaieAY-00769-00165367-00165423 of d
+ubsqtEaieAY-00770-00165424-00165631 colonial concerns led to critical
+ubsqtEaieAY-00771-00165632-00165766 divergences from
+ubsqtEaieAY-00772-00165767-00166031 mainstream development thought right
+ubsqtEaieAY-00773-00166032-00166111 first of all
+ubsqtEaieAY-00774-00166112-00166423 heightened awareness of their and our
+ubsqtEaieAY-00775-00166424-00166614 historical positions at the heart of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00776-00166615-00166831 colonizing growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00777-00166832-00167071 led people like european and u.s
+ubsqtEaieAY-00778-00167072-00167263 thinkers to insist that wealthy
+ubsqtEaieAY-00779-00167264-00167438 countries put their own houses in order
+ubsqtEaieAY-00780-00167439-00167631 before intervening to fix the rest of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00781-00167632-00167695 the world
+ubsqtEaieAY-00782-00167696-00167951 on whose backs we grew as bengi
+ubsqtEaieAY-00783-00167952-00168063 described
+ubsqtEaieAY-00784-00168064-00168238 we're bringing in not only all of our
+ubsqtEaieAY-00785-00168239-00168526 food but of our wood our petroleum our
+ubsqtEaieAY-00786-00168527-00168719 minerals everything we're getting from
+ubsqtEaieAY-00787-00168720-00168895 their bodies and their
+ubsqtEaieAY-00788-00168896-00169135 landscapes right and um yet we're going
+ubsqtEaieAY-00789-00169136-00169263 to go fix them or
+ubsqtEaieAY-00790-00169264-00169463 something like so those are the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00791-00169464-00169678 questions at the at the very roots of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00792-00169679-00169775 degrowth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00793-00169776-00170014 today in our book we criticize these
+ubsqtEaieAY-00794-00170015-00170199 kind of trickle-down and charity
+ubsqtEaieAY-00795-00170200-00170319 discourses
+ubsqtEaieAY-00796-00170320-00170487 that make it seem as if growth of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00797-00170488-00170663 wealthy countries and economies
+ubsqtEaieAY-00798-00170664-00170902 helps the global south right we're
+ubsqtEaieAY-00799-00170903-00171007 giving them jobs
+ubsqtEaieAY-00800-00171008-00171295 right and instead we argue high income
+ubsqtEaieAY-00801-00171296-00171495 countries like my own like u.s would be
+ubsqtEaieAY-00802-00171496-00171543 better
+ubsqtEaieAY-00803-00171544-00171775 off to focus on repaying our ecological
+ubsqtEaieAY-00804-00171776-00171951 debts and reversing
+ubsqtEaieAY-00805-00171952-00172238 the unequal flows of capital but also of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00806-00172239-00172326 resources
+ubsqtEaieAY-00807-00172327-00172599 and waste anyway so for my
+ubsqtEaieAY-00808-00172600-00172823 collaboratives and myself
+ubsqtEaieAY-00809-00172824-00173031 we think about degrowth as aiming to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00810-00173032-00173254 reduce the global impacts of wealthy
+ubsqtEaieAY-00811-00173255-00173511 societies to allow others more autonomy
+ubsqtEaieAY-00812-00173512-00173726 to apply their own resources for their
+ubsqtEaieAY-00813-00173727-00173766 own
+ubsqtEaieAY-00814-00173767-00173966 visions to pursue their own visions of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00815-00173967-00174175 well-being
+ubsqtEaieAY-00816-00174176-00174511 as you mentioned ryan many people
+ubsqtEaieAY-00817-00174512-00174766 don't hear that right they assume that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00818-00174767-00174990 our goal is to impose one model of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00819-00174991-00175199 degrowth on the whole world
+ubsqtEaieAY-00820-00175200-00175447 now i can understand that assumption
+ubsqtEaieAY-00821-00175448-00175647 because we've all lived our entire lives
+ubsqtEaieAY-00822-00175648-00175766 in a world
+ubsqtEaieAY-00823-00175767-00175966 obsessed with imposing growth on
+ubsqtEaieAY-00824-00175967-00176190 everybody right from bretton woods to
+ubsqtEaieAY-00825-00176191-00176359 the world trade organization it was
+ubsqtEaieAY-00826-00176360-00176438 about
+ubsqtEaieAY-00827-00176439-00176759 you know universalizing this model and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00828-00176760-00176959 so people are like well they're just
+ubsqtEaieAY-00829-00176960-00177175 now going to universalize a different
+ubsqtEaieAY-00830-00177176-00177414 model but every day we're practicing
+ubsqtEaieAY-00831-00177415-00177687 unthinking that right um because that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00832-00177688-00177887 kind of assumption leads to preposterous
+ubsqtEaieAY-00833-00177888-00177951 claims
+ubsqtEaieAY-00834-00177952-00178151 that you know we're going to force
+ubsqtEaieAY-00835-00178152-00178359 austerity and deprivation on the world's
+ubsqtEaieAY-00836-00178360-00178535 poorest communities because
+ubsqtEaieAY-00837-00178536-00178711 those rich ones of us have caused
+ubsqtEaieAY-00838-00178712-00178863 climate change
+ubsqtEaieAY-00839-00178864-00179143 and uh you're right ryan mentioned that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00840-00179144-00179326 he hear these sort of indignant people
+ubsqtEaieAY-00841-00179327-00179463 that say well people from the global
+ubsqtEaieAY-00842-00179464-00179631 cell they're going to vehemently resist
+ubsqtEaieAY-00843-00179632-00179823 degrowth that's ridiculous
+ubsqtEaieAY-00844-00179824-00180071 anyway let me tell you so i've been
+ubsqtEaieAY-00845-00180072-00180238 researching
+ubsqtEaieAY-00846-00180239-00180623 and living in the andes and amazon for
+ubsqtEaieAY-00847-00180624-00180878 many decades i spent 15 years living in
+ubsqtEaieAY-00848-00180879-00180966 communities
+ubsqtEaieAY-00849-00180967-00181311 um mostly in the andes
+ubsqtEaieAY-00850-00181312-00181519 researching environmental management
+ubsqtEaieAY-00851-00181520-00181671 right and that's what's actually
+ubsqtEaieAY-00852-00181672-00181847 motivated me to embrace
+ubsqtEaieAY-00853-00181848-00182175 degrowth latin americans who i know
+ubsqtEaieAY-00854-00182176-00182383 desperately want us and canadian
+ubsqtEaieAY-00855-00182384-00182583 companies to stop expanding their
+ubsqtEaieAY-00856-00182584-00182775 extracted ventures right
+ubsqtEaieAY-00857-00182776-00183102 to stop moving with more mines and more
+ubsqtEaieAY-00858-00183103-00183263 petroleum and more egg
+ubsqtEaieAY-00859-00183264-00183423 industries into their bodies and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00860-00183424-00183575 territories right they're not
+ubsqtEaieAY-00861-00183576-00183743 welcoming that in fact they're using
+ubsqtEaieAY-00862-00183744-00183902 their their bodies
+ubsqtEaieAY-00863-00183903-00184151 and their lives to fight against it and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00864-00184152-00184359 people also want us to stop fueling
+ubsqtEaieAY-00865-00184360-00184543 climate change
+ubsqtEaieAY-00866-00184544-00184743 people that claim that people in the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00867-00184744-00184951 global south want more growth i'm not
+ubsqtEaieAY-00868-00184952-00185095 sure they're even talking to them
+ubsqtEaieAY-00869-00185096-00185214 because i'm not hearing
+ubsqtEaieAY-00870-00185215-00185519 a lot of that what we see documented for
+ubsqtEaieAY-00871-00185520-00185702 example in the environmental justice
+ubsqtEaieAY-00872-00185703-00185750 atlas
+ubsqtEaieAY-00873-00185751-00185990 there's now almost four thousand cases
+ubsqtEaieAY-00874-00185991-00186175 of people living with very low incomes
+ubsqtEaieAY-00875-00186176-00186319 who organize to resist
+ubsqtEaieAY-00876-00186320-00186543 economic development mining drilling
+ubsqtEaieAY-00877-00186544-00186766 blogging ranching factories plantations
+ubsqtEaieAY-00878-00186767-00186902 highways
+ubsqtEaieAY-00879-00186903-00187175 um also many latin american thinkers
+ubsqtEaieAY-00880-00187176-00187254 who've really
+ubsqtEaieAY-00881-00187255-00187575 pushed the world to address coloniality
+ubsqtEaieAY-00882-00187576-00187919 to think about how concepts of the world
+ubsqtEaieAY-00883-00187920-00188087 and ideas and values
+ubsqtEaieAY-00884-00188088-00188295 have created disequilibriums and power
+ubsqtEaieAY-00885-00188296-00188526 hierarchies between north and south
+ubsqtEaieAY-00886-00188527-00188743 so in conclusion i'm not saying that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00887-00188744-00188895 people in latin america are
+ubsqtEaieAY-00888-00188896-00189102 loving the word degrowth although we did
+ubsqtEaieAY-00889-00189103-00189199 participate in a
+ubsqtEaieAY-00890-00189200-00189438 wonderful conference recently in mexico
+ubsqtEaieAY-00891-00189439-00189759 that was called description
+ubsqtEaieAY-00892-00189760-00189959 the degrowth organization of mexico
+ubsqtEaieAY-00893-00189960-00190119 hosted a world conference
+ubsqtEaieAY-00894-00190120-00190343 there are people that embrace the world
+ubsqtEaieAY-00895-00190344-00190463 but the word
+ubsqtEaieAY-00896-00190464-00190631 but there's many other people who
+ubsqtEaieAY-00897-00190632-00190807 embrace
+ubsqtEaieAY-00898-00190808-00191078 long-standing traditions of a more
+ubsqtEaieAY-00899-00191079-00191238 harmonious balanced
+ubsqtEaieAY-00900-00191239-00191543 life that's not driven by massive growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-00901-00191544-00191823 so the way i think about it for myself
+ubsqtEaieAY-00902-00191824-00191919 is that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00903-00191920-00192295 for me d growth is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00904-00192296-00192535 for people positioned as colonizers
+ubsqtEaieAY-00905-00192536-00192775 labeled as developed like myself
+ubsqtEaieAY-00906-00192776-00193014 to seek paths that i can follow toward
+ubsqtEaieAY-00907-00193015-00193287 broader healthier global horizons
+ubsqtEaieAY-00908-00193288-00193478 and let other people respect other
+ubsqtEaieAY-00909-00193479-00193599 people to name
+ubsqtEaieAY-00910-00193600-00193871 and shape their own paths that's great
+ubsqtEaieAY-00911-00193872-00193919 susan
+ubsqtEaieAY-00912-00193920-00194223 uh quite a fascinating uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-00913-00194224-00194535 scan a brief one but a scan of of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00914-00194536-00194854 the way that this movement and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00915-00194855-00195135 uh growthism and degrowth are sort of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00916-00195136-00195359 conceptualized in latin america
+ubsqtEaieAY-00917-00195360-00195638 um i want to turn to to bengi because
+ubsqtEaieAY-00918-00195639-00195719 bengi has
+ubsqtEaieAY-00919-00195720-00195871 geographical expertise in turkey's
+ubsqtEaieAY-00920-00195872-00196063 political economy and i know she's based
+ubsqtEaieAY-00921-00196064-00196135 here in
+ubsqtEaieAY-00922-00196136-00196399 canada um so i'm wondering you know i
+ubsqtEaieAY-00923-00196400-00196550 think you've written about
+ubsqtEaieAY-00924-00196551-00196847 some of the the political difficulties
+ubsqtEaieAY-00925-00196848-00197023 that the degrowth movement has faced
+ubsqtEaieAY-00926-00197024-00197263 in turkey and i would imagine you would
+ubsqtEaieAY-00927-00197264-00197399 see a similar
+ubsqtEaieAY-00928-00197400-00197623 type of thing happening here in canada
+ubsqtEaieAY-00929-00197624-00197750 can you touch on that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00930-00197751-00198023 i think i have a quote here from one of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00931-00198024-00198199 your articles uh writing about the d
+ubsqtEaieAY-00932-00198200-00198502 growth movement in in turkey and you you
+ubsqtEaieAY-00933-00198503-00198575 say that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00934-00198576-00198790 imagining and desiring d growth would
+ubsqtEaieAY-00935-00198791-00198926 call for a radical
+ubsqtEaieAY-00936-00198927-00199150 reconfiguration of state society
+ubsqtEaieAY-00937-00199151-00199271 relationships
+ubsqtEaieAY-00938-00199272-00199487 and i think what you're getting at is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00939-00199488-00199711 that this is for the time being
+ubsqtEaieAY-00940-00199712-00199966 is not necessarily a politically
+ubsqtEaieAY-00941-00199967-00200054 palatable
+ubsqtEaieAY-00942-00200055-00200319 uh movement but correct me if i'm wrong
+ubsqtEaieAY-00943-00200320-00200535 you're not wrong
+ubsqtEaieAY-00944-00200536-00200719 i was just thinking when susan was
+ubsqtEaieAY-00945-00200720-00200871 talking that it's it's
+ubsqtEaieAY-00946-00200872-00201166 such a different context than what is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00947-00201167-00201335 the case in turkey and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00948-00201336-00201759 i'm from turkey and a lot of my work
+ubsqtEaieAY-00949-00201760-00201999 and activism and engagement with social
+ubsqtEaieAY-00950-00202000-00202238 and political movements have been
+ubsqtEaieAY-00951-00202239-00202631 mostly in turkey so that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00952-00202632-00202863 observation that you just quoted comes
+ubsqtEaieAY-00953-00202864-00202999 also from
+ubsqtEaieAY-00954-00203000-00203263 an experience and a lived experience and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00955-00203264-00203454 embodied experience but
+ubsqtEaieAY-00956-00203455-00203799 what my my observation or my
+ubsqtEaieAY-00957-00203800-00204159 uh perspective on the success or the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00958-00204160-00204350 potential of the degrowth movement in
+ubsqtEaieAY-00959-00204351-00204471 turkey is
+ubsqtEaieAY-00960-00204472-00204806 uh comes from very much looking at how
+ubsqtEaieAY-00961-00204807-00205086 the state in turkey has historically
+ubsqtEaieAY-00962-00205087-00205406 um you know made itself visible
+ubsqtEaieAY-00963-00205407-00205734 and justified its existence so i don't
+ubsqtEaieAY-00964-00205735-00205790 want to get
+ubsqtEaieAY-00965-00205791-00206055 too theoretical but in kind of looking
+ubsqtEaieAY-00966-00206056-00206142 at the state
+ubsqtEaieAY-00967-00206144-00206414 i use political thinker antonia
+ubsqtEaieAY-00968-00206415-00206551 gramsci's work
+ubsqtEaieAY-00969-00206552-00206838 and very very kind of simply um antonio
+ubsqtEaieAY-00970-00206839-00207079 gramsci says that states do not
+ubsqtEaieAY-00971-00207080-00207351 modern nation states do not only kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00972-00207352-00207406 govern
+ubsqtEaieAY-00973-00207407-00207823 by force by coercion but they try to get
+ubsqtEaieAY-00974-00207823-00208062 legitimacy they try to get consent they
+ubsqtEaieAY-00975-00208063-00208166 they try to get an
+ubsqtEaieAY-00976-00208167-00208414 act of support from the society that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00977-00208415-00208575 they they rule
+ubsqtEaieAY-00978-00208576-00208855 and gramsci also says that one way and
+ubsqtEaieAY-00979-00208856-00209006 one fundamental way
+ubsqtEaieAY-00980-00209007-00209423 of doing that is that the states kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-00981-00209423-00209551 the nation state itself
+ubsqtEaieAY-00982-00209552-00209839 represents itself as a neutral
+ubsqtEaieAY-00983-00209840-00209967 institution
+ubsqtEaieAY-00984-00209967-00210287 that represents uh the collective
+ubsqtEaieAY-00985-00210288-00210479 interest of the kind of the general
+ubsqtEaieAY-00986-00210480-00210655 interest of the society
+ubsqtEaieAY-00987-00210656-00210927 and and gramsci was a marxist and and he
+ubsqtEaieAY-00988-00210928-00211087 kind of doesn't believe that there's any
+ubsqtEaieAY-00989-00211088-00211263 kind of collective interest because the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00990-00211264-00211494 society is fragmented it's always kind
+ubsqtEaieAY-00991-00211496-00211767 of unequal it's never a homogeneous
+ubsqtEaieAY-00992-00211767-00211982 field so there's no one interest that
+ubsqtEaieAY-00993-00211983-00212110 represents
+ubsqtEaieAY-00994-00212111-00212398 all of us um but when she says like the
+ubsqtEaieAY-00995-00212400-00212631 states kind of justify their existence
+ubsqtEaieAY-00996-00212632-00212782 and then kind of get
+ubsqtEaieAY-00997-00212783-00213094 support for their rule by saying hey
+ubsqtEaieAY-00998-00213096-00213342 this society needs this basically so
+ubsqtEaieAY-00999-00213344-00213558 this is our general collective interest
+ubsqtEaieAY-01000-00213559-00213663 and i'm going to
+ubsqtEaieAY-01001-00213664-00213919 fulfill that and by kind of using that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01002-00213919-00213998 idea
+ubsqtEaieAY-01003-00214000-00214287 i look at turkey historically and
+ubsqtEaieAY-01004-00214288-00214463 contemporarily and
+ubsqtEaieAY-01005-00214464-00214719 that kind of general collective interest
+ubsqtEaieAY-01006-00214719-00214967 or the pretense of it has always been
+ubsqtEaieAY-01007-00214967-00215255 uh economic growth or more precisely
+ubsqtEaieAY-01008-00215256-00215375 modernization
+ubsqtEaieAY-01009-00215376-00215567 through economic growth so that's been
+ubsqtEaieAY-01010-00215567-00215863 an idea that the turkey state has always
+ubsqtEaieAY-01011-00215864-00216198 kind of justified its existence over
+ubsqtEaieAY-01012-00216200-00216582 and another kind of aspect of this is
+ubsqtEaieAY-01013-00216583-00216719 that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01014-00216719-00217015 it's not only kind of that a ruling
+ubsqtEaieAY-01015-00217016-00217198 class kind of promises or
+ubsqtEaieAY-01016-00217200-00217551 like imposes maybe an idea of economic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01017-00217552-00217591 growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01018-00217592-00217742 the idea of economic growth or
+ubsqtEaieAY-01019-00217744-00217951 modernization through economic growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01020-00217952-00218151 historically has shaped the turkish
+ubsqtEaieAY-01021-00218152-00218303 society as well
+ubsqtEaieAY-01022-00218304-00218582 so when you look at political parties in
+ubsqtEaieAY-01023-00218583-00218734 the history of kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01024-00218735-00219023 institutional politics in turkey every
+ubsqtEaieAY-01025-00219023-00219198 political movement
+ubsqtEaieAY-01026-00219200-00219534 has some idea of how to modernize
+ubsqtEaieAY-01027-00219535-00219671 through economic growth or
+ubsqtEaieAY-01028-00219671-00219982 how to bring about rapid economic growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01029-00219983-00220055 um
+ubsqtEaieAY-01030-00220056-00220215 so it might be through like state
+ubsqtEaieAY-01031-00220216-00220415 interventionism it might be through
+ubsqtEaieAY-01032-00220416-00220679 more free market policies it might be
+ubsqtEaieAY-01033-00220680-00220839 export oriented or
+ubsqtEaieAY-01034-00220840-00221079 import substituting but everyone
+ubsqtEaieAY-01035-00221080-00221246 subscribes to some
+ubsqtEaieAY-01036-00221248-00221463 so some idea that i mean no one
+ubsqtEaieAY-01037-00221464-00221646 questions the necessity of economic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01038-00221648-00221719 growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01039-00221719-00221951 so there are no kind of alternatives to
+ubsqtEaieAY-01040-00221952-00222119 growth but kind of alternatives of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01041-00222119-00222263 growth like how to do it
+ubsqtEaieAY-01042-00222264-00222534 better and all of the kind of political
+ubsqtEaieAY-01043-00222535-00222679 conflicts around
+ubsqtEaieAY-01044-00222680-00223015 how to ensure kind of economic growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01045-00223016-00223279 uh which way is the best way to ensure
+ubsqtEaieAY-01046-00223280-00223439 economic growth in a way
+ubsqtEaieAY-01047-00223440-00223606 so when you look at kind of the more
+ubsqtEaieAY-01048-00223607-00223782 social movements as well like there's no
+ubsqtEaieAY-01049-00223783-00223879 real
+ubsqtEaieAY-01050-00223880-00224327 radical um challenge to the necessity to
+ubsqtEaieAY-01051-00224328-00224598 the idea to the ideology of economic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01052-00224600-00224679 growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01053-00224680-00224967 uh because of the way that state society
+ubsqtEaieAY-01054-00224967-00225087 relationships
+ubsqtEaieAY-01055-00225088-00225406 have been kind of shaped historically
+ubsqtEaieAY-01056-00225407-00225710 um so one kind of the implication of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01057-00225711-00225782 this
+ubsqtEaieAY-01058-00225783-00226087 uh the kind of most politically i guess
+ubsqtEaieAY-01059-00226088-00226294 relevant implications of the implication
+ubsqtEaieAY-01060-00226296-00226398 of this is that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01061-00226400-00226615 right now in turkey and historically in
+ubsqtEaieAY-01062-00226616-00226703 turkey
+ubsqtEaieAY-01063-00226704-00227023 questioning the idea of growth has been
+ubsqtEaieAY-01064-00227023-00227255 questioning the state is kind of an
+ubsqtEaieAY-01065-00227256-00227375 unpatriotic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01066-00227376-00227727 endeavor so if if you want to question
+ubsqtEaieAY-01067-00227728-00227934 the idea of growth and the necessity of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01068-00227935-00228103 growth i mean you should be ready
+ubsqtEaieAY-01069-00228104-00228327 to challenge everything about the state
+ubsqtEaieAY-01070-00228328-00228423 as well and
+ubsqtEaieAY-01071-00228423-00228742 in that context it's not a coincidence
+ubsqtEaieAY-01072-00228744-00228855 perhaps
+ubsqtEaieAY-01073-00228856-00229263 to observe that the only kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01074-00229264-00229615 social political force that questions
+ubsqtEaieAY-01075-00229616-00229823 lately the necessity of growth and the
+ubsqtEaieAY-01076-00229823-00229942 ideology of growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01077-00229944-00230198 has been the kurdish uh freedom moment
+ubsqtEaieAY-01078-00230200-00230319 who's also
+ubsqtEaieAY-01079-00230319-00230510 kind of questioning the necessity of a
+ubsqtEaieAY-01080-00230511-00230631 nation-state
+ubsqtEaieAY-01081-00230632-00230967 so um that is kind of where my
+ubsqtEaieAY-01082-00230967-00231294 my political pessimism for a de-growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01083-00231296-00231503 movement in turkey comes from
+ubsqtEaieAY-01084-00231504-00231855 so unless what is
+ubsqtEaieAY-01085-00231856-00232158 what kind of constitutes the basis of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01086-00232159-00232375 state society relationships which is
+ubsqtEaieAY-01087-00232376-00232575 very much tied to economic growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01088-00232576-00232871 there will be no way for a kind of a
+ubsqtEaieAY-01089-00232871-00232975 strong
+ubsqtEaieAY-01090-00232976-00233342 um de-growth alliance movement
+ubsqtEaieAY-01091-00233344-00233791 to emerge and to to gain a foothold
+ubsqtEaieAY-01092-00233792-00234103 bengi what you're speaking about there
+ubsqtEaieAY-01093-00234104-00234334 in terms of the you know domestic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01094-00234335-00234439 politics in
+ubsqtEaieAY-01095-00234440-00234791 turkey gets me thinking about one area
+ubsqtEaieAY-01096-00234792-00234958 where my students often get hung up
+ubsqtEaieAY-01097-00234959-00235063 which is around
+ubsqtEaieAY-01098-00235064-00235342 trying to frame the question of green
+ubsqtEaieAY-01099-00235344-00235415 growth and d
+ubsqtEaieAY-01100-00235416-00235758 growth along a traditional left-right
+ubsqtEaieAY-01101-00235759-00235998 political spectrum and i think maybe
+ubsqtEaieAY-01102-00236000-00236087 you'll agree that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01103-00236088-00236351 this is probably an oversimplification
+ubsqtEaieAY-01104-00236352-00236510 because we've you know i know i've seen
+ubsqtEaieAY-01105-00236511-00236591 examples of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01106-00236592-00236887 uh you know marxists who have advocated
+ubsqtEaieAY-01107-00236888-00236958 uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-01108-00236959-00237198 a type of socialist green growth you
+ubsqtEaieAY-01109-00237200-00237279 know
+ubsqtEaieAY-01110-00237280-00237591 um and certainly we we have
+ubsqtEaieAY-01111-00237592-00237934 examples of uh eco-socialists um
+ubsqtEaieAY-01112-00237935-00238246 and other left thinkers who are in favor
+ubsqtEaieAY-01113-00238248-00238351 of the types of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01114-00238352-00238639 uh decoupling and eco modernist or
+ubsqtEaieAY-01115-00238640-00238751 techno
+ubsqtEaieAY-01116-00238752-00239158 uh you know techno optimist perspectives
+ubsqtEaieAY-01117-00239159-00239415 so i guess i'm wondering you know can
+ubsqtEaieAY-01118-00239416-00239503 you
+ubsqtEaieAY-01119-00239504-00239823 bengi touch on how a left-leaning
+ubsqtEaieAY-01120-00239823-00240087 degrowth perspective treats uh some of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01121-00240088-00240215 these questions
+ubsqtEaieAY-01122-00240216-00240487 uh of politics and and moreover you know
+ubsqtEaieAY-01123-00240488-00240655 is there a right-leaning variant of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01124-00240656-00240767 de-growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01125-00240767-00241023 uh maybe that's where neo-malthusianism
+ubsqtEaieAY-01126-00241023-00241119 comes in but
+ubsqtEaieAY-01127-00241119-00241319 where do you see the the left-right
+ubsqtEaieAY-01128-00241319-00241503 spectrum on this or is it just
+ubsqtEaieAY-01129-00241504-00241782 not worth going there i think you're
+ubsqtEaieAY-01130-00241783-00241879 right in in
+ubsqtEaieAY-01131-00241880-00242263 pointing out that growth versus
+ubsqtEaieAY-01132-00242264-00242430 critique of growth i will say because
+ubsqtEaieAY-01133-00242431-00242679 for me degrowth is necessarily left the
+ubsqtEaieAY-01134-00242680-00242751 way that i
+ubsqtEaieAY-01135-00242752-00242975 understand and and define it and i think
+ubsqtEaieAY-01136-00242976-00243215 susan's definition and understanding as
+ubsqtEaieAY-01137-00243216-00243287 well
+ubsqtEaieAY-01138-00243288-00243591 is precisely a left one because it's a
+ubsqtEaieAY-01139-00243592-00243798 it's also a critique of exploitation
+ubsqtEaieAY-01140-00243800-00243903 it's a critique of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01141-00243904-00244223 colonialism so it's a decolonial
+ubsqtEaieAY-01142-00244223-00244327 anti-capitalist
+ubsqtEaieAY-01143-00244328-00244575 feminist eagles that we are advocating
+ubsqtEaieAY-01144-00244576-00244782 here and i think should be
+ubsqtEaieAY-01145-00244783-00245015 but if we understand the growth a lot
+ubsqtEaieAY-01146-00245016-00245298 more simplistically in the sense of just
+ubsqtEaieAY-01147-00245300-00245598 self-limitation it is true
+ubsqtEaieAY-01148-00245600-00245775 and you're very right that it can be
+ubsqtEaieAY-01149-00245776-00245975 construed as a form of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01150-00245976-00246287 of a new malthusianism and that's very
+ubsqtEaieAY-01151-00246288-00246423 detrimental i
+ubsqtEaieAY-01152-00246423-00246815 think so i think a kind of a discourse
+ubsqtEaieAY-01153-00246816-00246910 of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01154-00246911-00247206 let's say contraction i wouldn't want to
+ubsqtEaieAY-01155-00247207-00247439 call it degrowth but a contraction
+ubsqtEaieAY-01156-00247440-00247751 a limitation is definitely possible from
+ubsqtEaieAY-01157-00247752-00247855 a right uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-01158-00247856-00248198 right wing standpoint so susan
+ubsqtEaieAY-01159-00248200-00248463 where do you uh come in here in terms of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01160-00248464-00248503 this
+ubsqtEaieAY-01161-00248504-00248719 question of uh traditional left-right
+ubsqtEaieAY-01162-00248719-00248894 spectrum
+ubsqtEaieAY-01163-00248896-00249087 yeah i think left-right is really
+ubsqtEaieAY-01164-00249088-00249287 complicated in terms of growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01165-00249288-00249723 and degrowth because is bengi suggested
+ubsqtEaieAY-01166-00249723-00250030 understanding of of generating
+ubsqtEaieAY-01167-00250031-00250271 solidarity to transform for a more
+ubsqtEaieAY-01168-00250271-00250430 equitable world
+ubsqtEaieAY-01169-00250431-00250671 is a movement that has usually taken
+ubsqtEaieAY-01170-00250671-00250846 place on the left
+ubsqtEaieAY-01171-00250848-00251182 however today left-wing positions
+ubsqtEaieAY-01172-00251183-00251406 are very against degrowth for example
+ubsqtEaieAY-01173-00251407-00251519 labor unions
+ubsqtEaieAY-01174-00251519-00251894 on in many fronts are really about
+ubsqtEaieAY-01175-00251896-00252367 getting more cash and more
+ubsqtEaieAY-01176-00252367-00252742 more job security for their people which
+ubsqtEaieAY-01177-00252744-00253055 is construed as pushing economic growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01178-00253056-00253342 right grow the pie to get our union a
+ubsqtEaieAY-01179-00253344-00253471 better deal
+ubsqtEaieAY-01180-00253471-00253791 and liberal feminists are about an
+ubsqtEaieAY-01181-00253792-00254039 opportunity to empower women by getting
+ubsqtEaieAY-01182-00254040-00254319 them into the high production world
+ubsqtEaieAY-01183-00254319-00254510 where they can push the glass ceiling
+ubsqtEaieAY-01184-00254511-00254615 and produce
+ubsqtEaieAY-01185-00254616-00254846 and earn just as much as as the big
+ubsqtEaieAY-01186-00254848-00254958 earning men
+ubsqtEaieAY-01187-00254959-00255239 and so we've got people that might be
+ubsqtEaieAY-01188-00255240-00255463 can suppositions that are considered
+ubsqtEaieAY-01189-00255464-00255519 left
+ubsqtEaieAY-01190-00255519-00255855 political positions which are quite
+ubsqtEaieAY-01191-00255856-00256071 vehemently advocating for economic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01192-00256071-00256310 growth to advance their left
+ubsqtEaieAY-01193-00256311-00256655 interest so for me it's really confusing
+ubsqtEaieAY-01194-00256656-00256871 and i think we need to do a lot of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01195-00256871-00257094 listening on that front
+ubsqtEaieAY-01196-00257096-00257319 so we are ready we are running a little
+ubsqtEaieAY-01197-00257319-00257503 bit short on time so i do want to make
+ubsqtEaieAY-01198-00257504-00257591 sure i get in
+ubsqtEaieAY-01199-00257592-00257894 a question about a growth because this
+ubsqtEaieAY-01200-00257896-00258103 episode is titled growth degrowth a
+ubsqtEaieAY-01201-00258104-00258223 growth and you've already defined the
+ubsqtEaieAY-01202-00258223-00258303 first two
+ubsqtEaieAY-01203-00258304-00258630 terms um a growth i think
+ubsqtEaieAY-01204-00258631-00258887 is typically referring to the idea of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01205-00258888-00259094 growth agnosticism
+ubsqtEaieAY-01206-00259096-00259398 and i'm wondering where you see that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01207-00259400-00259455 fitting in
+ubsqtEaieAY-01208-00259456-00259710 susan i do you know to a certain extent
+ubsqtEaieAY-01209-00259711-00259839 i get the sense that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01210-00259840-00260094 some de-growth scholars or some who
+ubsqtEaieAY-01211-00260096-00260223 identify as as
+ubsqtEaieAY-01212-00260223-00260391 you know advocates of degrowth are in
+ubsqtEaieAY-01213-00260392-00260534 fact agnostic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01214-00260535-00260839 on the question of growth but perhaps
+ubsqtEaieAY-01215-00260840-00260951 you can
+ubsqtEaieAY-01216-00260952-00261191 share your thoughts on that right that's
+ubsqtEaieAY-01217-00261192-00261367 great so first of all i would say i'm
+ubsqtEaieAY-01218-00261367-00261487 agnostic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01219-00261488-00261871 about economic growth gdp growth
+ubsqtEaieAY-01220-00261871-00262215 i'm really concerned about reducing
+ubsqtEaieAY-01221-00262216-00262471 the material and energy used by our
+ubsqtEaieAY-01222-00262472-00262655 societal metabolism every day
+ubsqtEaieAY-01223-00262656-00262871 i think everyone every scientist and
+ubsqtEaieAY-01224-00262872-00263015 most activists in the world agree we
+ubsqtEaieAY-01225-00263016-00263182 have to do that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01226-00263183-00263519 can we do that with or without depending
+ubsqtEaieAY-01227-00263520-00263606 on how we manage
+ubsqtEaieAY-01228-00263607-00263863 money and invent money and pro and do
+ubsqtEaieAY-01229-00263864-00264039 different monetary policies
+ubsqtEaieAY-01230-00264040-00264263 that may or may not connect with how
+ubsqtEaieAY-01231-00264264-00264447 much money flows through the markets
+ubsqtEaieAY-01232-00264448-00264630 right that's not particularly my issue
+ubsqtEaieAY-01233-00264631-00264703 right
+ubsqtEaieAY-01234-00264704-00264975 i want to reduce the use of matter and
+ubsqtEaieAY-01235-00264976-00265023 energy
+ubsqtEaieAY-01236-00265024-00265215 and i want to enhance equitable
+ubsqtEaieAY-01237-00265216-00265463 well-being for humans and other nature
+ubsqtEaieAY-01238-00265464-00265703 if we can do that with or without more
+ubsqtEaieAY-01239-00265704-00265879 flow of cash
+ubsqtEaieAY-01240-00265880-00266223 you know so be it that's not so much a
+ubsqtEaieAY-01241-00266224-00266351 question i have
+ubsqtEaieAY-01242-00266352-00266767 um which actually leads me into just a
+ubsqtEaieAY-01243-00266768-00266943 concluding point that you had
+ubsqtEaieAY-01244-00266944-00267110 mentioned before in our conversation
+ubsqtEaieAY-01245-00267111-00267287 that you wanted to touch on green new
+ubsqtEaieAY-01246-00267288-00267358 deal
+ubsqtEaieAY-01247-00267359-00267534 because i think that is actually the
+ubsqtEaieAY-01248-00267535-00267806 core of this green new deal debate
+ubsqtEaieAY-01249-00267807-00267967 right we're having there's actually a
+ubsqtEaieAY-01250-00267968-00268151 lot of positive political action
+ubsqtEaieAY-01251-00268152-00268319 happening governments in iceland
+ubsqtEaieAY-01252-00268320-00268519 scotland new zealand have publicly
+ubsqtEaieAY-01253-00268520-00268703 pledged that future policies
+ubsqtEaieAY-01254-00268704-00268951 will prioritize well-being rather than
+ubsqtEaieAY-01255-00268952-00269006 economic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01256-00269007-00269343 growth we get the ipcc saying everyone
+ubsqtEaieAY-01257-00269344-00269551 needs to decrease their admission
+ubsqtEaieAY-01258-00269552-00269743 their emissions so that we can manage
+ubsqtEaieAY-01259-00269744-00269927 our shared atmosphere right
+ubsqtEaieAY-01260-00269928-00270103 so these different things are leading up
+ubsqtEaieAY-01261-00270104-00270375 to an idea
+ubsqtEaieAY-01262-00270376-00270647 that's percolating around the world that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01263-00270648-00270734 we can sort of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01264-00270735-00271095 rethink the ecosocial business together
+ubsqtEaieAY-01265-00271096-00271295 and that's what the idea of green new
+ubsqtEaieAY-01266-00271296-00271463 deal is about
+ubsqtEaieAY-01267-00271464-00271806 and one thing i'm seeing is that it
+ubsqtEaieAY-01268-00271807-00271991 connects with left and right for example
+ubsqtEaieAY-01269-00271992-00272110 in europe there's a quite
+ubsqtEaieAY-01270-00272111-00272375 right wing pro market thing called the
+ubsqtEaieAY-01271-00272376-00272534 european green deal
+ubsqtEaieAY-01272-00272535-00272719 which is about investing to produce a
+ubsqtEaieAY-01273-00272720-00272879 whole bunch more windmills
+ubsqtEaieAY-01274-00272880-00273119 and electric cars and stuff like that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01275-00273120-00273255 and then there's something called the
+ubsqtEaieAY-01276-00273256-00273463 green new deal for europe
+ubsqtEaieAY-01277-00273464-00273751 which for example one of the ten pillars
+ubsqtEaieAY-01278-00273752-00273815 is called
+ubsqtEaieAY-01279-00273816-00274110 ending the dogma of endless growth right
+ubsqtEaieAY-01280-00274111-00274379 it's a much more
+ubsqtEaieAY-01281-00274380-00274663 transformative position and in latin
+ubsqtEaieAY-01282-00274664-00274855 america also there's several there's
+ubsqtEaieAY-01283-00274856-00275063 um the economic commission for latin
+ubsqtEaieAY-01284-00275064-00275215 america and the caribbean has this big
+ubsqtEaieAY-01285-00275216-00275367 push which is
+ubsqtEaieAY-01286-00275368-00275558 also you know invest in green
+ubsqtEaieAY-01287-00275559-00275671 technologies
+ubsqtEaieAY-01288-00275672-00275967 but then there's eco-socialdersud which
+ubsqtEaieAY-01289-00275968-00275999 is
+ubsqtEaieAY-01290-00276000-00276327 really this kind of ethnic gender
+ubsqtEaieAY-01291-00276328-00276599 and nature equity movement to create
+ubsqtEaieAY-01292-00276600-00276639 more
+ubsqtEaieAY-01293-00276640-00276847 wholesome worlds right and so there's
+ubsqtEaieAY-01294-00276848-00277030 these really different
+ubsqtEaieAY-01295-00277031-00277375 movements percolating under this banner
+ubsqtEaieAY-01296-00277376-00277534 of green new deal
+ubsqtEaieAY-01297-00277535-00277679 and i think what we're dealing with in
+ubsqtEaieAY-01298-00277680-00277839 the u.s
+ubsqtEaieAY-01299-00277840-00278063 is sort of a compromise that i'm willing
+ubsqtEaieAY-01300-00278064-00278158 to be open
+ubsqtEaieAY-01301-00278159-00278439 for which again it's between left and
+ubsqtEaieAY-01302-00278440-00278575 right
+ubsqtEaieAY-01303-00278576-00278839 between agnostics of producing more cash
+ubsqtEaieAY-01304-00278840-00278927 or more gdp
+ubsqtEaieAY-01305-00278928-00279119 flow because that happens to be an
+ubsqtEaieAY-01306-00279120-00279351 element in our u.s green new deal
+ubsqtEaieAY-01307-00279352-00279639 but the way it's drafted also promotes
+ubsqtEaieAY-01308-00279640-00279823 integral moves towards
+ubsqtEaieAY-01309-00279824-00280082 more sustainable and just
+ubsqtEaieAY-01310-00280083-00280223 socio-ecosystems
+ubsqtEaieAY-01311-00280224-00280487 right and so i can't throw the baby out
+ubsqtEaieAY-01312-00280488-00280655 with the bathwater or i don't want to
+ubsqtEaieAY-01313-00280656-00280839 just because it mentions that we're also
+ubsqtEaieAY-01314-00280840-00281006 going to try to generate more cash with
+ubsqtEaieAY-01315-00281007-00281079 this baby
+ubsqtEaieAY-01316-00281080-00281319 right and so that's one place where my
+ubsqtEaieAY-01317-00281320-00281423 agnosticism
+ubsqtEaieAY-01318-00281424-00281751 about gdp growth can fit in
+ubsqtEaieAY-01319-00281752-00281967 even though i'm not at all agnostic i am
+ubsqtEaieAY-01320-00281968-00282151 totally committed to reducing
+ubsqtEaieAY-01321-00282152-00282382 the matter and energy that's produced by
+ubsqtEaieAY-01322-00282383-00282455 global
+ubsqtEaieAY-01323-00282456-00282719 systems right so that's a little bit on
+ubsqtEaieAY-01324-00282720-00282830 the front of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01325-00282831-00283071 this really valuable conversation is
+ubsqtEaieAY-01326-00283072-00283134 emerging
+ubsqtEaieAY-01327-00283135-00283334 under the banner of green new deals
+ubsqtEaieAY-01328-00283335-00283527 around the world
+ubsqtEaieAY-01329-00283528-00283671 susan that's a really useful
+ubsqtEaieAY-01330-00283672-00283934 clarification regarding what types of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01331-00283935-00284039 growth some in the d
+ubsqtEaieAY-01332-00284040-00284287 growth movement are actually agnostic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01333-00284288-00284487 about and which kinds they are
+ubsqtEaieAY-01334-00284488-00284743 more fundamentally concerned about and
+ubsqtEaieAY-01335-00284744-00284871 you brought in the green new deal
+ubsqtEaieAY-01336-00284872-00285030 without growth i was worried we wouldn't
+ubsqtEaieAY-01337-00285031-00285199 have time for that but you fit it in so
+ubsqtEaieAY-01338-00285200-00285310 i'm gonna turn
+ubsqtEaieAY-01339-00285311-00285551 to bengi for a final question along
+ubsqtEaieAY-01340-00285552-00285743 these lines are you optimistic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01341-00285744-00286023 for the possibilities of a green new
+ubsqtEaieAY-01342-00286024-00286095 deal
+ubsqtEaieAY-01343-00286096-00286391 without growth uh particularly in the
+ubsqtEaieAY-01344-00286392-00286471 context of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01345-00286472-00286630 our present situation getting out of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01346-00286631-00286887 this postcovid recovery
+ubsqtEaieAY-01347-00286888-00287199 i am i guess i'm always
+ubsqtEaieAY-01348-00287200-00287415 optimistic i mean i wouldn't be i guess
+ubsqtEaieAY-01349-00287416-00287630 uh doing any kind of activity no one
+ubsqtEaieAY-01350-00287631-00287663 would
+ubsqtEaieAY-01351-00287664-00287847 be doing any kind of activism if there
+ubsqtEaieAY-01352-00287848-00288071 wasn't any kind of optimism i guess
+ubsqtEaieAY-01353-00288072-00288310 as as everything else it depends on the
+ubsqtEaieAY-01354-00288311-00288543 combination of social forces that will
+ubsqtEaieAY-01355-00288544-00288630 be
+ubsqtEaieAY-01356-00288631-00288863 uh that could be mobilized for a green
+ubsqtEaieAY-01357-00288864-00288934 media
+ubsqtEaieAY-01358-00288935-00289271 without growth and and susan mentioned
+ubsqtEaieAY-01359-00289272-00289527 um a few ways that we could kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01360-00289528-00289630 imagine it
+ubsqtEaieAY-01361-00289631-00290015 i think uh especially about covert 19
+ubsqtEaieAY-01362-00290016-00290439 a lot of debate was pushed out into the
+ubsqtEaieAY-01363-00290440-00290510 open about
+ubsqtEaieAY-01364-00290511-00290782 essential work and essential workers and
+ubsqtEaieAY-01365-00290783-00290823 how
+ubsqtEaieAY-01366-00290824-00291103 essential place they they hold in our
+ubsqtEaieAY-01367-00291104-00291223 societies
+ubsqtEaieAY-01368-00291224-00291558 so that combined with like this renewed
+ubsqtEaieAY-01369-00291559-00291791 interest for instance in universal basic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01370-00291792-00291903 income
+ubsqtEaieAY-01371-00291904-00292239 i think is is kind of changing or
+ubsqtEaieAY-01372-00292240-00292527 at least like airing some ideas that are
+ubsqtEaieAY-01373-00292528-00292710 becoming a lot more common sensible
+ubsqtEaieAY-01374-00292711-00292895 right now that could be
+ubsqtEaieAY-01375-00292896-00293254 uh used to push for uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-01376-00293255-00293430 for a green new deal without growth and
+ubsqtEaieAY-01377-00293431-00293710 and from that i understand
+ubsqtEaieAY-01378-00293711-00293871 a green new deal that doesn't
+ubsqtEaieAY-01379-00293872-00294119 necessarily want to create more
+ubsqtEaieAY-01380-00294120-00294351 to share more but basically rather than
+ubsqtEaieAY-01381-00294352-00294567 creating more jobs for instance
+ubsqtEaieAY-01382-00294568-00294903 pushes for uh sharing the existing jobs
+ubsqtEaieAY-01383-00294904-00295039 more equitably
+ubsqtEaieAY-01384-00295040-00295279 uh or creating more g rather than
+ubsqtEaieAY-01385-00295280-00295391 creating more gdp
+ubsqtEaieAY-01386-00295392-00295710 pushing for a way to kind of share what
+ubsqtEaieAY-01387-00295711-00295982 is already here more equitably
+ubsqtEaieAY-01388-00295983-00296295 and so why i'm optimistic now is
+ubsqtEaieAY-01389-00296296-00296519 first i think there's some ideas that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01390-00296520-00296734 are becoming a lot more common sensical
+ubsqtEaieAY-01391-00296735-00296791 right now
+ubsqtEaieAY-01392-00296792-00297103 in the post-covert situation that could
+ubsqtEaieAY-01393-00297104-00297199 be used
+ubsqtEaieAY-01394-00297200-00297495 about uh to push for such a great new
+ubsqtEaieAY-01395-00297496-00297687 deal and the second one i think
+ubsqtEaieAY-01396-00297688-00298134 is um the kind of the decolonial
+ubsqtEaieAY-01397-00298135-00298375 and indigenous critiques of of green
+ubsqtEaieAY-01398-00298376-00298558 medial that are emerging
+ubsqtEaieAY-01399-00298559-00298751 for instance from red nation or from
+ubsqtEaieAY-01400-00298752-00298863 indigenous groups
+ubsqtEaieAY-01401-00298864-00299175 in uh for instance in so-called canada
+ubsqtEaieAY-01402-00299176-00299279 that are
+ubsqtEaieAY-01403-00299280-00299671 uh very much also kind of
+ubsqtEaieAY-01404-00299672-00299991 putting it in out in the open how
+ubsqtEaieAY-01405-00299992-00300239 how colonial and unjust growth has been
+ubsqtEaieAY-01406-00300240-00300327 and
+ubsqtEaieAY-01407-00300328-00300695 um and and demanding and
+ubsqtEaieAY-01408-00300696-00300910 you know also airing different ideas
+ubsqtEaieAY-01409-00300911-00301006 than
+ubsqtEaieAY-01410-00301007-00301239 than those that are found in that kind
+ubsqtEaieAY-01411-00301240-00301463 of moral mainstream ideas of green new
+ubsqtEaieAY-01412-00301464-00301534 deal
+ubsqtEaieAY-01413-00301535-00301839 so um why i'm optimistic is
+ubsqtEaieAY-01414-00301840-00302079 is because of kind of the i think that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01415-00302080-00302295 the colonial engagement with the green
+ubsqtEaieAY-01416-00302296-00302423 new deal
+ubsqtEaieAY-01417-00302424-00302639 that is engaging with this idea is not
+ubsqtEaieAY-01418-00302640-00302751 throwing the
+ubsqtEaieAY-01419-00302752-00303054 showing the uh the water basically the
+ubsqtEaieAY-01420-00303055-00303175 bath water
+ubsqtEaieAY-01421-00303176-00303558 and also um i think kobe 19 although it
+ubsqtEaieAY-01422-00303559-00303734 has
+ubsqtEaieAY-01423-00303735-00303975 it has been very destructive on many
+ubsqtEaieAY-01424-00303976-00304182 communities i think it has also given
+ubsqtEaieAY-01425-00304183-00304558 us some leverage uh to push with
+ubsqtEaieAY-01426-00304559-00304710 well i'm glad you ended on that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01427-00304711-00304919 optimistic note or at least
+ubsqtEaieAY-01428-00304920-00305287 partially optimistic note as many of our
+ubsqtEaieAY-01429-00305288-00305471 episodes in this second season of the
+ubsqtEaieAY-01430-00305472-00305639 podcast have but uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-01431-00305640-00305847 we have to leave it there unfortunately
+ubsqtEaieAY-01432-00305848-00305982 as we're out of time but i do want to
+ubsqtEaieAY-01433-00305983-00306103 thank you guys
+ubsqtEaieAY-01434-00306104-00306319 both very much this has been a really
+ubsqtEaieAY-01435-00306320-00306454 enlightening discussion
+ubsqtEaieAY-01436-00306455-00306630 i won't try and summarize it because
+ubsqtEaieAY-01437-00306631-00306791 it's been way too nuanced and i wouldn't
+ubsqtEaieAY-01438-00306792-00307023 do it justice but i do thank our two
+ubsqtEaieAY-01439-00307024-00307087 guests again
+ubsqtEaieAY-01440-00307088-00307334 bengi akbaloot and susan paulson thank
+ubsqtEaieAY-01441-00307335-00307471 you for joining us
+ubsqtEaieAY-01442-00307472-00307615 thank you for having us it's been a
+ubsqtEaieAY-01443-00307616-00307854 pleasure it's been a pleasure to talk
+ubsqtEaieAY-01444-00307855-00307919 with you
+ubsqtEaieAY-01445-00307920-00308063 well it's been great to have you and a
+ubsqtEaieAY-01446-00308064-00308279 reminder the podcast is made available
+ubsqtEaieAY-01447-00308280-00308558 under a creative commons license 2.0 uh
+ubsqtEaieAY-01448-00308559-00308734 please share it widely we just ask that
+ubsqtEaieAY-01449-00308735-00308830 you provide
+ubsqtEaieAY-01450-00308831-00308982 appropriate attribution and please
+ubsqtEaieAY-01451-00308983-00309139 follow us on twitter at
+ubsqtEaieAY-01452-00309140-00309430 ecopolitics p that's ecopolitics with a
+ubsqtEaieAY-01453-00309431-00309503 capital p
+ubsqtEaieAY-01454-00309504-00309779 and get in touch our website is at
+ubsqtEaieAY-01455-00309780-00309934 ecopoliticspodcast.ca
+ubsqtEaieAY-01456-00309935-00310134 the global ecopolitics podcast is
+ubsqtEaieAY-01457-00310135-00310303 produced by nicole bedford
+ubsqtEaieAY-01458-00310304-00310430 support with transcription and
+ubsqtEaieAY-01459-00310431-00310663 captioning is provided by kika mueller
+ubsqtEaieAY-01460-00310664-00310863 and adam gibbert helps us with artistic
+ubsqtEaieAY-01461-00310864-00311047 design and digital support
+ubsqtEaieAY-01462-00311048-00311182 thanks again and we'll see you all in
+ubsqtEaieAY-01463-00311183-00312854 our next episode
+ubsqtEaieAY-01464-00312855-00313064 you
+uh3dEegxV8U-00000-00000003-00000193 hi I'm Mike with southeastern pest
+uh3dEegxV8U-00001-00000194-00000413 management in Auburn Alabama I'm a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00002-00000413-00000626 project manager and it's my job to come
+uh3dEegxV8U-00003-00000627-00000800 up with solutions anytime people and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00004-00000801-00000940 animals start to share the same space
+uh3dEegxV8U-00005-00000941-00001172 today we're going to talk about bats a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00006-00001173-00001345 little bit about bats in general but
+uh3dEegxV8U-00007-00001346-00001586 specifically what to do when we have
+uh3dEegxV8U-00008-00001587-00001847 bats in a structure wherever people in
+uh3dEegxV8U-00009-00001848-00002068 bats are or cohabitating we need to come
+uh3dEegxV8U-00010-00002069-00002275 up with a way to get the bats out before
+uh3dEegxV8U-00011-00002276-00002408 we get started trying to get the bats
+uh3dEegxV8U-00012-00002409-00002549 out of the building we need to set up a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00013-00002550-00002800 few parameters so that that we make sure
+uh3dEegxV8U-00014-00002801-00003014 that we get everything done properly we
+uh3dEegxV8U-00015-00003015-00003217 have safety concerns when it comes to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00016-00003218-00003401 bats mostly we're worried about rabies
+uh3dEegxV8U-00017-00003402-00003602 and histoplasmosis these are not going
+uh3dEegxV8U-00018-00003603-00003797 to be a big deal but it is the kind of
+uh3dEegxV8U-00019-00003797-00003997 thing we want to think about also we
+uh3dEegxV8U-00020-00003998-00004147 want to make sure that the building is
+uh3dEegxV8U-00021-00004148-00004336 protected it costs a lot of money to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00022-00004337-00004486 have a building painted and have repairs
+uh3dEegxV8U-00023-00004487-00004663 made so we want to make sure that that's
+uh3dEegxV8U-00024-00004664-00004877 covered also we want to make sure that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00025-00004878-00005081 we get the bats out alive they're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00026-00005082-00005254 beneficial animals in every measurable
+uh3dEegxV8U-00027-00005255-00005452 way they're like the night shift we have
+uh3dEegxV8U-00028-00005453-00005636 birds out during the day eating insects
+uh3dEegxV8U-00029-00005637-00005852 and at night the bats come out leave
+uh3dEegxV8U-00030-00005853-00006056 around dusk and forage heavily on
+uh3dEegxV8U-00031-00006057-00006272 insects so they're beneficial animals
+uh3dEegxV8U-00032-00006273-00006434 there's no point in having them harmed
+uh3dEegxV8U-00033-00006434-00006623 in this procedure so we have a few
+uh3dEegxV8U-00034-00006623-00006788 parameters that we have to stick to to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00035-00006789-00007016 make sure that this is done right the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00036-00007017-00007352 first step is to do a bat watch and that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00037-00007353-00007544 our goal here is to collect information
+uh3dEegxV8U-00038-00007545-00007751 so that we know what we're going to be
+uh3dEegxV8U-00039-00007752-00007889 doing when we move on through the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00040-00007890-00008153 process you'll want to kind of check and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00041-00008154-00008345 see what the sunset time is for your
+uh3dEegxV8U-00042-00008346-00008612 area and be out at the house about that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00043-00008613-00008774 time and be prepared to be there until
+uh3dEegxV8U-00044-00008775-00009005 it's so dark that you can't see do not
+uh3dEegxV8U-00045-00009006-00009152 bring a flashlight or anything like that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00046-00009153-00009320 you need to know the areas that you're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00047-00009321-00009453 going to be looking for ahead of time
+uh3dEegxV8U-00048-00009454-00009689 what we're looking for here is normal
+uh3dEegxV8U-00049-00009690-00009817 bat behavior and we're going to use
+uh3dEegxV8U-00050-00009818-00010006 these patterns of behavior to get the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00051-00010007-00010235 bats out if you do anything to disrupt
+uh3dEegxV8U-00052-00010236-00010414 those patterns of behavior it's going to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00053-00010415-00010577 set us back so leave the flashlight
+uh3dEegxV8U-00054-00010578-00010888 inside and go stake out the house best
+uh3dEegxV8U-00055-00010889-00011042 thing to do is stand on the corner of
+uh3dEegxV8U-00056-00011043-00011213 the house where you can see two sides at
+uh3dEegxV8U-00057-00011214-00011423 the same time it might take more than
+uh3dEegxV8U-00058-00011424-00011585 one person or it might take more than
+uh3dEegxV8U-00059-00011586-00011813 one night but again our goal here is to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00060-00011814-00012078 collect information that we can move on
+uh3dEegxV8U-00061-00012079-00012344 once you're set up just stand still
+uh3dEegxV8U-00062-00012345-00012533 don't make a bunch of noise don't make a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00063-00012534-00012824 bunch of lights and and watch you're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00064-00012825-00012965 looking for places where bats are
+uh3dEegxV8U-00065-00012966-00013178 exiting the building once you've seen an
+uh3dEegxV8U-00066-00013179-00013340 area that bats are coming out of
+uh3dEegxV8U-00067-00013341-00013649 just just designate that a primary area
+uh3dEegxV8U-00068-00013650-00013913 and move on and watch another area by
+uh3dEegxV8U-00069-00013913-00014066 the time you're done whether it's more
+uh3dEegxV8U-00070-00014066-00014240 people at one time or it takes a couple
+uh3dEegxV8U-00071-00014241-00014411 of nights you'll have you'll know all
+uh3dEegxV8U-00072-00014412-00014663 the information you need to proceed so
+uh3dEegxV8U-00073-00014663-00014819 at this point we've designated the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00074-00014819-00015002 primary areas that's any place that a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00075-00015003-00015230 bat is actually coming and going into
+uh3dEegxV8U-00076-00015231-00015401 the structure step two
+uh3dEegxV8U-00077-00015402-00015551 you've already done your bat watch and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00078-00015552-00015674 you know where the bats are coming and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00079-00015675-00015902 going in and out of the structure we
+uh3dEegxV8U-00080-00015903-00016094 want to designate those as primary areas
+uh3dEegxV8U-00081-00016094-00016430 and leave them alone the part of step
+uh3dEegxV8U-00082-00016431-00016562 two that we're looking for is
+uh3dEegxV8U-00083-00016563-00016820 designating secondary areas and these
+uh3dEegxV8U-00084-00016821-00017051 are places where bats are not using to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00085-00017052-00017243 get in and out but they could if they
+uh3dEegxV8U-00086-00017244-00017300 wanted to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00087-00017301-00017507 bats are capable of getting through
+uh3dEegxV8U-00088-00017508-00017663 cracks and gaps as small as one
+uh3dEegxV8U-00089-00017664-00017834 centimeter or about a half an inch and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00090-00017835-00018041 your average home has plenty of places
+uh3dEegxV8U-00091-00018042-00018302 on it that bats you can get in and out
+uh3dEegxV8U-00092-00018303-00018653 so what we want to do is is focus on the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00093-00018654-00018896 secondary areas we don't want to mess
+uh3dEegxV8U-00094-00018897-00019037 with the bats initially we've already
+uh3dEegxV8U-00095-00019038-00019181 figured out where they're coming and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00096-00019182-00019304 going and we're going to hold that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00097-00019305-00019472 information for a little bit longer for
+uh3dEegxV8U-00098-00019473-00019694 these secondary areas we're going to go
+uh3dEegxV8U-00099-00019695-00019853 around the house and seal up anything
+uh3dEegxV8U-00100-00019854-00020075 that could serve as an entrance for the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00101-00020076-00020291 bats to get back in when you run them
+uh3dEegxV8U-00102-00020292-00020435 out of the building I can pretty much
+uh3dEegxV8U-00103-00020436-00020570 guarantee they're going to search that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00104-00020571-00020708 building and try to come up with another
+uh3dEegxV8U-00105-00020709-00020951 way to get back in so if you only want
+uh3dEegxV8U-00106-00020952-00021086 to go through this procedure one time
+uh3dEegxV8U-00107-00021087-00021314 believe me step two is the part that you
+uh3dEegxV8U-00108-00021315-00021518 really need to be focused on this is
+uh3dEegxV8U-00109-00021519-00021665 going to prevent you from having to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00110-00021666-00021845 chase this colony of bats all around the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00111-00021846-00022067 building and a good way to look at it is
+uh3dEegxV8U-00112-00022068-00022343 think of the bats as a symptom of a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00113-00022344-00022577 disease the house itself is what what
+uh3dEegxV8U-00114-00022578-00022784 needs to be fixed if you just treat the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00115-00022785-00022979 symptoms and deal with the bats you're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00116-00022980-00023117 going to deal with this again sometime
+uh3dEegxV8U-00117-00023118-00023339 down the road so we're going to look at
+uh3dEegxV8U-00118-00023340-00023558 what it takes to fix the building and by
+uh3dEegxV8U-00119-00023559-00023744 fixing the disease that we won't have to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00120-00023745-00023987 deal with the bat problem again so now
+uh3dEegxV8U-00121-00023988-00024143 you go out there during the daylight and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00122-00024144-00024323 crawl all over the house you'll probably
+uh3dEegxV8U-00123-00024324-00024449 want to get on the roof because you're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00124-00024450-00024587 going to need to check the ridge vents
+uh3dEegxV8U-00125-00024588-00024722 and make sure that they're tight and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00126-00024723-00024911 there's not a place for a bat to get in
+uh3dEegxV8U-00127-00024912-00025109 you want to check around the chimney and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00128-00025110-00025319 the chimney casing to make sure there's
+uh3dEegxV8U-00129-00025320-00025541 no no gaps greater than a centimeter
+uh3dEegxV8U-00130-00025542-00025814 there you want to check the gable vents
+uh3dEegxV8U-00131-00025814-00026042 if there's dormers and the multiple roof
+uh3dEegxV8U-00132-00026043-00026197 lines that meet together you want to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00133-00026198-00026371 check all the flashing associated with
+uh3dEegxV8U-00134-00026372-00026469 those
+uh3dEegxV8U-00135-00026470-00026622 now again this is this is the most
+uh3dEegxV8U-00136-00026623-00026808 critical step in the whole procedure if
+uh3dEegxV8U-00137-00026808-00027008 you take your time and do this right
+uh3dEegxV8U-00138-00027010-00027174 you're only going to have to go through
+uh3dEegxV8U-00139-00027175-00027387 this one time so you're going to need a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00140-00027388-00027627 stepladder and an extension ladder to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00141-00027627-00027762 get up on the roof and to go cruise
+uh3dEegxV8U-00142-00027763-00027963 around the outside of the house looking
+uh3dEegxV8U-00143-00027964-00028218 for areas that bats can get back in an
+uh3dEegxV8U-00144-00028219-00028479 important point here is this is the big
+uh3dEegxV8U-00145-00028480-00028695 step if you do this right you're good so
+uh3dEegxV8U-00146-00028695-00028902 take your time and look don't just
+uh3dEegxV8U-00147-00028902-00029033 wander around the house and say well
+uh3dEegxV8U-00148-00029035-00029214 this looks pretty good the fascia boards
+uh3dEegxV8U-00149-00029214-00029373 and eaves are tight we won't have a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00150-00029374-00029442 problem
+uh3dEegxV8U-00151-00029443-00029664 use your stepladder and go take your
+uh3dEegxV8U-00152-00029664-00029832 time go around the house slowly and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00153-00029833-00030051 don't just passively look for areas that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00154-00030052-00030320 bats could get in hunt for them search
+uh3dEegxV8U-00155-00030322-00030527 for them what you'll find is the more
+uh3dEegxV8U-00156-00030529-00030702 you look the more you're going to find
+uh3dEegxV8U-00157-00030702-00030945 and you have to get them on so go around
+uh3dEegxV8U-00158-00030945-00031058 the building and make sure that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00159-00031060-00031317 everything is absolutely tight some of
+uh3dEegxV8U-00160-00031318-00031439 the things that you're going to need for
+uh3dEegxV8U-00161-00031441-00031719 this step is some sort of silicone
+uh3dEegxV8U-00162-00031720-00031995 sealant in a caulking gun this works
+uh3dEegxV8U-00163-00031995-00032166 pretty well the advantages here are
+uh3dEegxV8U-00164-00032167-00032391 these products are very very cheap and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00165-00032392-00032637 easy to find one of the things that we
+uh3dEegxV8U-00166-00032638-00033084 use is is a non expanding injectable
+uh3dEegxV8U-00167-00033085-00033309 foam now the advantage here is this
+uh3dEegxV8U-00168-00033310-00033480 stuff is great these guns have
+uh3dEegxV8U-00169-00033481-00033651 adjustable triggers which allow you to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00170-00033652-00033903 very very accurately put the right
+uh3dEegxV8U-00171-00033904-00034071 amount of foam in the right place and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00172-00034072-00034326 some of these products come in in a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00173-00034327-00034506 black or really really dark charcoal
+uh3dEegxV8U-00174-00034507-00034758 gray foam which is very subtle and in
+uh3dEegxV8U-00175-00034759-00035001 shadowed areas it looks great the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00176-00035002-00035190 disadvantage is these are costly and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00177-00035191-00035379 you'll probably spend $50 by the time
+uh3dEegxV8U-00178-00035380-00035607 you order a gun and get one can which
+uh3dEegxV8U-00179-00035608-00035757 should be enough to cover any any
+uh3dEegxV8U-00180-00035758-00036009 residential situation there are
+uh3dEegxV8U-00181-00036010-00036327 alternatives to this product I'm sure
+uh3dEegxV8U-00182-00036328-00036486 you've seen it at Walmart at Lowe's or
+uh3dEegxV8U-00183-00036487-00036819 your you know home supply stores cans of
+uh3dEegxV8U-00184-00036820-00037065 injectable foam they will do the job but
+uh3dEegxV8U-00185-00037066-00037230 be forewarned that the trigger mechanism
+uh3dEegxV8U-00186-00037231-00037488 and the straw that you use to apply them
+uh3dEegxV8U-00187-00037489-00037893 are not very not very ergonomic and the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00188-00037894-00038088 foam is generally a hideous school bus
+uh3dEegxV8U-00189-00038089-00038304 yellow color so you'll wind up with this
+uh3dEegxV8U-00190-00038305-00038499 foam all over your hands all over your
+uh3dEegxV8U-00191-00038500-00038697 house and you'll be able to spot where
+uh3dEegxV8U-00192-00038698-00038850 there were cracks and crevices because
+uh3dEegxV8U-00193-00038851-00038994 where there once was a crack there'll be
+uh3dEegxV8U-00194-00038995-00039297 a big glob of ugly foam so if you have
+uh3dEegxV8U-00195-00039298-00039579 just one or two areas to get to seal up
+uh3dEegxV8U-00196-00039580-00039720 you might want to go with one of these
+uh3dEegxV8U-00197-00039721-00039804 other
+uh3dEegxV8U-00198-00039805-00040035 if you do have you know there's going to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00199-00040036-00040257 be any significant work to be done it's
+uh3dEegxV8U-00200-00040258-00040401 worth going ahead and investing and get
+uh3dEegxV8U-00201-00040402-00040635 you one of these it'll be well worth it
+uh3dEegxV8U-00202-00040636-00040806 it'll be easier on you and it's much
+uh3dEegxV8U-00203-00040807-00041031 tidier after the foam dries of course it
+uh3dEegxV8U-00204-00041032-00041205 can be it can be cut and sanded and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00205-00041206-00041501 painted so that it looks really good
+uh3dEegxV8U-00206-00041502-00041733 take a flashlight when you're doing this
+uh3dEegxV8U-00207-00041734-00041961 second part of the exclusion you're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00208-00041962-00042105 going to need that to really get in
+uh3dEegxV8U-00209-00042106-00042389 there and look anything that goes
+uh3dEegxV8U-00210-00042390-00042651 anywhere take a take a probe or the tip
+uh3dEegxV8U-00211-00042652-00042792 of your snips or whatever and try to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00212-00042793-00042951 stick it in there you can use your pinky
+uh3dEegxV8U-00213-00042952-00043017 if you want
+uh3dEegxV8U-00214-00043018-00043227 remember the threshold is one centimeter
+uh3dEegxV8U-00215-00043228-00043443 about a half an inch if you can get your
+uh3dEegxV8U-00216-00043444-00043608 fingers started up in there you probably
+uh3dEegxV8U-00217-00043609-00043824 need to seal it so take a flashlight
+uh3dEegxV8U-00218-00043825-00044115 take your time and and actively hunt for
+uh3dEegxV8U-00219-00044116-00044328 all these secondary areas if you don't
+uh3dEegxV8U-00220-00044329-00044505 find one and get it sealed up the bats
+uh3dEegxV8U-00221-00044506-00044694 will and you're going to be doing the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00222-00044695-00044946 next step again and again we're ready to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00223-00044947-00045147 go to step three the house is sealed up
+uh3dEegxV8U-00224-00045148-00045354 we've already noted the primary areas
+uh3dEegxV8U-00225-00045355-00045489 where the bats are coming and going and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00226-00045490-00045648 we left them alone until we got the rest
+uh3dEegxV8U-00227-00045649-00045846 of the house tightened up the idea again
+uh3dEegxV8U-00228-00045847-00046002 is we only want to go through this one
+uh3dEegxV8U-00229-00046003-00046245 time so we always address the secondary
+uh3dEegxV8U-00230-00046246-00046452 areas first now we have to figure out
+uh3dEegxV8U-00231-00046453-00046650 what to do with the primary areas these
+uh3dEegxV8U-00232-00046651-00046797 are the ones that we noted before that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00233-00046798-00047091 bats are coming and going we our goal is
+uh3dEegxV8U-00234-00047092-00047343 to get 100% of the bats out and if we
+uh3dEegxV8U-00235-00047344-00047544 leave some inside or trampa Miam they're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00236-00047545-00047679 either going to perish in the structure
+uh3dEegxV8U-00237-00047680-00047892 which is bad or they're going to try to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00238-00047893-00048042 find their way out and a lot of them are
+uh3dEegxV8U-00239-00048043-00048171 going to wind up in the living space of
+uh3dEegxV8U-00240-00048172-00048492 the house so our objective here is to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00241-00048493-00048711 make sure that whatever excluder device
+uh3dEegxV8U-00242-00048712-00048954 or valved that we put up is not going to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00243-00048955-00049125 disrupt the patterns of behavior that we
+uh3dEegxV8U-00244-00049126-00049356 noted when we did a bat watch the bats
+uh3dEegxV8U-00245-00049357-00049575 if they behave normally we can use that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00246-00049576-00049746 to our advantage so we're going to build
+uh3dEegxV8U-00247-00049747-00049974 a one-way valve that allows the bats to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00248-00049975-00050256 leave but not get back in again and over
+uh3dEegxV8U-00249-00050257-00050424 a period of time whether it's a few days
+uh3dEegxV8U-00250-00050425-00050598 or a week depending on the weather
+uh3dEegxV8U-00251-00050599-00050808 we'll have the entire colony out of the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00252-00050809-00051033 structure what we're going to do is
+uh3dEegxV8U-00253-00051034-00051339 build a simple valve what we use most of
+uh3dEegxV8U-00254-00051340-00051612 the time is this bird netting it's a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00255-00051613-00051783 great product it has a lot of advantages
+uh3dEegxV8U-00256-00051784-00052095 in this situation it's relatively stiff
+uh3dEegxV8U-00257-00052096-00052241 so once we have it secured to the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00258-00052242-00052404 structure it stays in the position that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00259-00052404-00052641 we want it to it allows the air to blow
+uh3dEegxV8U-00260-00052641-00052817 through it so it doesn't flip back up
+uh3dEegxV8U-00261-00052819-00053094 over the house and it works really well
+uh3dEegxV8U-00262-00053095-00053184 at
+uh3dEegxV8U-00263-00053185-00053385 allowing the bats to not be traumatized
+uh3dEegxV8U-00264-00053386-00053642 by the procedure and and do what they're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00265-00053644-00053894 supposed to do so if we know the area
+uh3dEegxV8U-00266-00053895-00054054 that the bats are coming out of say a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00267-00054054-00054200 gable vent on the side of the house
+uh3dEegxV8U-00268-00054201-00054423 we're going to take this material your
+uh3dEegxV8U-00269-00054424-00054672 average staple gun or a staple hammer
+uh3dEegxV8U-00270-00054673-00054992 and secure it above and on either side
+uh3dEegxV8U-00271-00054994-00055146 of where the bats are coming out
+uh3dEegxV8U-00272-00055147-00055311 essentially we're just going to make a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00273-00055312-00055560 flap that hangs over the area over the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00274-00055561-00055746 gable vent so the bats can leave
+uh3dEegxV8U-00275-00055747-00055916 normally around dusk they'll come flying
+uh3dEegxV8U-00276-00055917-00056141 out when they encounter this material
+uh3dEegxV8U-00277-00056142-00056330 hanging over the gable vent they're just
+uh3dEegxV8U-00278-00056331-00056499 going to drop out the bottom and they
+uh3dEegxV8U-00279-00056500-00056651 may try to get back in a couple of times
+uh3dEegxV8U-00280-00056652-00056807 but then they're going to give up and go
+uh3dEegxV8U-00281-00056808-00056979 about their normal business they're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00282-00056979-00057092 going to spend the night eating
+uh3dEegxV8U-00283-00057094-00057299 mosquitoes and beetles and when they
+uh3dEegxV8U-00284-00057300-00057528 come back in instead of flying right up
+uh3dEegxV8U-00285-00057529-00057666 into the gable vent they're going to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00286-00057666-00057873 encounter this netting they're not
+uh3dEegxV8U-00287-00057874-00058067 necessarily going to immediately figure
+uh3dEegxV8U-00288-00058069-00058292 out that they have to go down lower and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00289-00058294-00058487 climb up the side of the building
+uh3dEegxV8U-00290-00058488-00058704 to get back in they're going to continue
+uh3dEegxV8U-00291-00058704-00058872 to try to fly right into the gable vent
+uh3dEegxV8U-00292-00058873-00059018 they're going to encounter this valve
+uh3dEegxV8U-00293-00059019-00059216 and after they've scoured your house
+uh3dEegxV8U-00294-00059217-00059387 looking for other ways to get back in
+uh3dEegxV8U-00295-00059388-00059525 and that's not a problem for us because
+uh3dEegxV8U-00296-00059526-00059654 we've already taken care of the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00297-00059655-00059876 secondary areas they're going to give up
+uh3dEegxV8U-00298-00059877-00060129 and go find another place to stay so
+uh3dEegxV8U-00299-00060129-00060356 again the objective with the valve is to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00300-00060357-00060563 create a situation that bats can't get
+uh3dEegxV8U-00301-00060564-00060781 back in again but that the it's
+uh3dEegxV8U-00302-00060782-00060992 unobtrusive enough to allow the bats to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00303-00060993-00061250 behave normally again this bird netting
+uh3dEegxV8U-00304-00061251-00061391 works really well but you might be able
+uh3dEegxV8U-00305-00061392-00061536 to find something around the house that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00306-00061537-00061649 will work just as well
+uh3dEegxV8U-00307-00061650-00061832 an old bedsheet or something like that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00308-00061833-00062063 will probably take care of it make sure
+uh3dEegxV8U-00309-00062064-00062279 that when you secure it that it's that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00310-00062280-00062523 stapled well across the top and on the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00311-00062524-00062685 side so that the bats can't just get
+uh3dEegxV8U-00312-00062686-00062912 right back in and if you have to you can
+uh3dEegxV8U-00313-00062913-00063062 do another bat watch after you have your
+uh3dEegxV8U-00314-00063063-00063266 valves installed go out there again
+uh3dEegxV8U-00315-00063267-00063488 around sunset and watch and make sure
+uh3dEegxV8U-00316-00063489-00063656 the bats are falling out the bottom of
+uh3dEegxV8U-00317-00063657-00063901 it and not crawling back up in the side
+uh3dEegxV8U-00318-00063902-00064175 since all the secondary air areas have
+uh3dEegxV8U-00319-00064176-00064365 already been sealed and the primary
+uh3dEegxV8U-00320-00064366-00064578 areas now have a one-way valve on them
+uh3dEegxV8U-00321-00064579-00064754 the bats have no choice but to go ahead
+uh3dEegxV8U-00322-00064755-00064947 and head out that's their normal
+uh3dEegxV8U-00323-00064948-00065150 behavior to leave at night in forage and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00324-00065151-00065387 we can make that work for us as long as
+uh3dEegxV8U-00325-00065388-00065585 the one-way valve functions properly
+uh3dEegxV8U-00326-00065586-00065894 step four is another bat watch at this
+uh3dEegxV8U-00327-00065895-00066131 point we're over over the worst of it
+uh3dEegxV8U-00328-00066132-00066348 we've treated the primary areas with
+uh3dEegxV8U-00329-00066349-00066568 valves and the secondary areas to see
+uh3dEegxV8U-00330-00066569-00066778 now we need to know for sure how well
+uh3dEegxV8U-00331-00066779-00066976 we've done so do your bat watch just
+uh3dEegxV8U-00332-00066977-00067198 like you did before it's not a bad idea
+uh3dEegxV8U-00333-00067199-00067432 to keep an eye on the entire house our
+uh3dEegxV8U-00334-00067433-00067627 primary focus here is going to be the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00335-00067628-00067807 areas that are valved because we know
+uh3dEegxV8U-00336-00067808-00067918 the bats are going to be coming and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00337-00067919-00068146 going it's been a few days maybe a week
+uh3dEegxV8U-00338-00068147-00068383 depending on whether we need to make
+uh3dEegxV8U-00339-00068384-00068626 sure that the temperature is above 10
+uh3dEegxV8U-00340-00068627-00068797 degrees C or maybe 50 degrees Fahrenheit
+uh3dEegxV8U-00341-00068798-00069037 a good rule of thumb is if it's warm
+uh3dEegxV8U-00342-00069038-00069253 enough for insects to be out is probably
+uh3dEegxV8U-00343-00069254-00069436 warm enough for bats to be out foraging
+uh3dEegxV8U-00344-00069437-00069679 with them so we do a bat watch and our
+uh3dEegxV8U-00345-00069680-00069859 goal here is just to confirm that we've
+uh3dEegxV8U-00346-00069860-00070153 relocated 100% of the colony we can't
+uh3dEegxV8U-00347-00070154-00070330 just assume that an arbitrary period of
+uh3dEegxV8U-00348-00070331-00070498 time like three days or something like
+uh3dEegxV8U-00349-00070499-00070735 that is going to be enough when you do a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00350-00070736-00070972 bat watch to confirm that we've got the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00351-00070973-00071197 the colony out so what you're listening
+uh3dEegxV8U-00352-00071198-00071443 for little audible clicks or echo
+uh3dEegxV8U-00353-00071444-00071734 locations or chirps from the bats or any
+uh3dEegxV8U-00354-00071735-00071893 visible signs of them coming and going
+uh3dEegxV8U-00355-00071894-00072112 if they're still coming out then you
+uh3dEegxV8U-00356-00072113-00072250 need to let it go for a few more days
+uh3dEegxV8U-00357-00072251-00072508 into another bat watch over the first
+uh3dEegxV8U-00358-00072509-00072739 day you'll probably get 70 or 80% of the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00359-00072740-00072991 colony out by the time 2 or 3 days has
+uh3dEegxV8U-00360-00072992-00073225 gone by chances are all of the bats will
+uh3dEegxV8U-00361-00073226-00073444 have had to leave the roost and go out
+uh3dEegxV8U-00362-00073445-00073618 to forage if they haven't been able to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00363-00073619-00073762 get back in then you have a hundred
+uh3dEegxV8U-00364-00073763-00073990 percent control and all the bats are out
+uh3dEegxV8U-00365-00073991-00074290 now you're ready to move on to the last
+uh3dEegxV8U-00366-00074291-00074536 step and that is to take down the valves
+uh3dEegxV8U-00367-00074537-00074767 and the excluder devices and seal them
+uh3dEegxV8U-00368-00074768-00075019 up just like we did in step two you've
+uh3dEegxV8U-00369-00075020-00075145 confirmed that no bats are in the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00370-00075146-00075217 building anymore
+uh3dEegxV8U-00371-00075218-00075403 take the valves and netting all that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00372-00075404-00075670 stuff down and seal it up just like you
+uh3dEegxV8U-00373-00075671-00075931 did at this point if it's a gable vent
+uh3dEegxV8U-00374-00075932-00076081 you're going to take quarter-inch
+uh3dEegxV8U-00375-00076082-00076410 hardware cloth and some heavy snips and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00376-00076411-00076819 your tape measure and cut a rectangular
+uh3dEegxV8U-00377-00076820-00076975 or triangular piece of this hardware
+uh3dEegxV8U-00378-00076976-00077209 cloth and staple it up over the last
+uh3dEegxV8U-00379-00077210-00077473 areas if if the last place they were
+uh3dEegxV8U-00380-00077474-00077731 coming out is just a gap in the eaves or
+uh3dEegxV8U-00381-00077732-00077920 the soffits then go back to your foam
+uh3dEegxV8U-00382-00077921-00078247 gun and seal it up we've talked about
+uh3dEegxV8U-00383-00078248-00078496 the right way to do a bad job and in
+uh3dEegxV8U-00384-00078497-00078667 this case it's physical exclusion
+uh3dEegxV8U-00385-00078668-00078820 encapsulating the building to make
+uh3dEegxV8U-00386-00078821-00079009 absolutely sure that there are no cracks
+uh3dEegxV8U-00387-00079010-00079183 or gaps greater than a centimeter or
+uh3dEegxV8U-00388-00079184-00079402 half an inch for the bats to get back in
+uh3dEegxV8U-00389-00079403-00079606 if you've done that right you're not
+uh3dEegxV8U-00390-00079607-00079735 going to have any back problems in the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00391-00079736-00079771 future
+uh3dEegxV8U-00392-00079772-00079966 now having sat through this
+uh3dEegxV8U-00393-00079967-00080140 I'm sure a certain percentage of you are
+uh3dEegxV8U-00394-00080141-00080362 looking for an easier solution and I
+uh3dEegxV8U-00395-00080363-00080512 want to cover those for just a minute
+uh3dEegxV8U-00396-00080513-00080743 we've talked about what to do when it
+uh3dEegxV8U-00397-00080744-00080929 comes to bats this is what you don't
+uh3dEegxV8U-00398-00080930-00081169 want to do when it comes to bats moth
+uh3dEegxV8U-00399-00081170-00081448 balls are always a big favorite if you
+uh3dEegxV8U-00400-00081449-00081616 get the concentration of naphthalene
+uh3dEegxV8U-00401-00081617-00081823 high enough in the in the air in the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00402-00081824-00082021 Attic to disrupt the bats normal
+uh3dEegxV8U-00403-00082022-00082204 behavior and cause them to leave you're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00404-00082205-00082344 probably not going to want to be in the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00405-00082345-00082611 house yourself so don't use monk balls
+uh3dEegxV8U-00406-00082612-00082875 another two big favorites are lights and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00407-00082876-00083074 fans and we know enough about bat
+uh3dEegxV8U-00408-00083075-00083250 biology to know they don't really like a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00409-00083251-00083437 whole lot of air moving and they don't
+uh3dEegxV8U-00410-00083438-00083731 like to be in a well-lit environment but
+uh3dEegxV8U-00411-00083732-00083875 when it comes to addicts we're talking
+uh3dEegxV8U-00412-00083876-00084130 about microhabitat you know are you
+uh3dEegxV8U-00413-00084131-00084265 going to be able to get enough lights
+uh3dEegxV8U-00414-00084266-00084478 and fans in there to cover all of the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00415-00084479-00084655 areas that a bat might be able to get
+uh3dEegxV8U-00416-00084656-00084931 into and the answer is generally no so
+uh3dEegxV8U-00417-00084932-00085119 skip the light skip the fans and skip
+uh3dEegxV8U-00418-00085120-00085309 the mothballs one other thing people
+uh3dEegxV8U-00419-00085310-00085546 like to do is is assume that a hundred
+uh3dEegxV8U-00420-00085547-00085711 percent of the colony is going to leave
+uh3dEegxV8U-00421-00085712-00085956 at dusk every night that's the kind of
+uh3dEegxV8U-00422-00085957-00086134 assumption that if you make it you're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00423-00086135-00086299 likely to trap a bunch of bats in the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00424-00086300-00086563 building so what what folks like to do
+uh3dEegxV8U-00425-00086564-00086800 is wait till it's dark they wait 30 more
+uh3dEegxV8U-00426-00086801-00086962 minutes they see a bunch of bats coming
+uh3dEegxV8U-00427-00086963-00087156 out of the structure then they get up
+uh3dEegxV8U-00428-00087157-00087298 there when they think the bats are out
+uh3dEegxV8U-00429-00087299-00087511 and seal it up that's not going to work
+uh3dEegxV8U-00430-00087512-00087697 because we don't know if all the bats
+uh3dEegxV8U-00431-00087698-00087841 are out of the structure when it's
+uh3dEegxV8U-00432-00087842-00088036 sealed up and we haven't addressed all
+uh3dEegxV8U-00433-00088037-00088297 of the secondary areas too so one way or
+uh3dEegxV8U-00434-00088298-00088531 another that's just not going to work
+uh3dEegxV8U-00435-00088532-00088759 bat houses are very popular and we
+uh3dEegxV8U-00436-00088760-00088938 encourage people to use bat houses they
+uh3dEegxV8U-00437-00088939-00089116 create habitat for bats and that's a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00438-00089117-00089307 fine thing but there are some rules that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00439-00089308-00089647 go with it the big rule is bats won't
+uh3dEegxV8U-00440-00089648-00089850 leave the comfort of your home to move
+uh3dEegxV8U-00441-00089851-00090040 into the bat house that you nail up in
+uh3dEegxV8U-00442-00090041-00090213 the backyard it's just not going to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00443-00090214-00090426 happen if you want to put up bat houses
+uh3dEegxV8U-00444-00090427-00090598 to create that extra habitat that's
+uh3dEegxV8U-00445-00090599-00090811 great just make sure that they're at
+uh3dEegxV8U-00446-00090812-00091050 least 20 or 30 meters maybe 50 feet away
+uh3dEegxV8U-00447-00091051-00091275 from your house that way if there are
+uh3dEegxV8U-00448-00091276-00091500 accumulations of bat guano then you're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00449-00091501-00091630 not going to smell it it's not going to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00450-00091631-00091863 cause any property damage when we're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00451-00091864-00092001 doing a bad exclusion we need to take
+uh3dEegxV8U-00452-00092002-00092218 into account behavior in biology because
+uh3dEegxV8U-00453-00092219-00092341 these are the patterns and the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00454-00092342-00092488 information that we're going to use to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00455-00092489-00092697 manipulate these bats and get them out
+uh3dEegxV8U-00456-00092698-00092866 bats are mammals
+uh3dEegxV8U-00457-00092867-00093040 they're small they're social animals and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00458-00093041-00093205 usually occur in groups
+uh3dEegxV8U-00459-00093206-00093400 doesn't matter if the colony is ten or a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00460-00093401-00093607 hundred or five hundred bats it's all
+uh3dEegxV8U-00461-00093608-00093754 going to be the same when it comes time
+uh3dEegxV8U-00462-00093755-00094040 to exclude them if you have a bat in the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00463-00094041-00094225 actual living space of your house the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00464-00094226-00094432 best thing to do is close off all of the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00465-00094433-00094588 doors and access for that particular
+uh3dEegxV8U-00466-00094589-00094847 area maybe take a towel and jam it up
+uh3dEegxV8U-00467-00094848-00095032 under the door so that you have him
+uh3dEegxV8U-00468-00095033-00095248 contained if you have an opportunity to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00469-00095249-00095465 open a window in that room then just
+uh3dEegxV8U-00470-00095466-00095617 give it time and chances are that bats
+uh3dEegxV8U-00471-00095618-00095822 going to leave if that doesn't work out
+uh3dEegxV8U-00472-00095823-00095992 call your local pest control company
+uh3dEegxV8U-00473-00095993-00096124 that has wildlife management
+uh3dEegxV8U-00474-00096125-00096328 capabilities and let him come out and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00475-00096329-00096532 get the animal out of your house do not
+uh3dEegxV8U-00476-00096533-00096748 handle the bats you get into a battery
+uh3dEegxV8U-00477-00096749-00096925 location and do an exclusion and get a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00478-00096926-00097111 colony moved but you don't need to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00479-00097112-00097417 handle the individual bats a brief note
+uh3dEegxV8U-00480-00097418-00097579 about timing when it comes to doing a
+uh3dEegxV8U-00481-00097580-00097792 bad exclusion you don't want to do them
+uh3dEegxV8U-00482-00097793-00098015 during June July and August at that
+uh3dEegxV8U-00483-00098016-00098212 point there's juveniles in the colony
+uh3dEegxV8U-00484-00098213-00098459 the babies will have been born but as we
+uh3dEegxV8U-00485-00098460-00098659 know it's a mammal so it requires the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00486-00098660-00098986 nutrition of the parents so if you put
+uh3dEegxV8U-00487-00098987-00099166 up a valve that allows the bats to leave
+uh3dEegxV8U-00488-00099167-00099371 and not get back in it's only going to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00489-00099372-00099523 work on the adult bats that are capable
+uh3dEegxV8U-00490-00099524-00099763 of flying all the juvenile bats are
+uh3dEegxV8U-00491-00099764-00099935 going to remain in the house and perish
+uh3dEegxV8U-00492-00099936-00100156 there so again think about our original
+uh3dEegxV8U-00493-00100157-00100306 parameters one of the things we want to
+uh3dEegxV8U-00494-00100307-00100513 do is protect the structure which means
+uh3dEegxV8U-00495-00100514-00100657 not having a bunch of dead bats in the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00496-00100658-00100912 Attic and protect the people which means
+uh3dEegxV8U-00497-00100913-00101119 allowing them to leave normally and not
+uh3dEegxV8U-00498-00101120-00101275 getting confused and winding up in the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00499-00101276-00101530 living space and also protecting the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00500-00101531-00101755 bats themselves they are beneficials and
+uh3dEegxV8U-00501-00101756-00101885 we want to get a hundred percent of them
+uh3dEegxV8U-00502-00101886-00102076 back into the environment now you're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00503-00102077-00102262 done the bats are out and the house is
+uh3dEegxV8U-00504-00102263-00102398 tight so they're not getting back in
+uh3dEegxV8U-00505-00102399-00102610 again try to bear in mind that this is
+uh3dEegxV8U-00506-00102611-00102848 sort of the generalized version of a bad
+uh3dEegxV8U-00507-00102849-00103057 abatement and since it is more about the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00508-00103058-00103216 building than the bats themselves
+uh3dEegxV8U-00509-00103217-00103390 everyone is going to be a little bit
+uh3dEegxV8U-00510-00103391-00103537 different your house is going to have
+uh3dEegxV8U-00511-00103538-00103700 specifics that need to be dealt with
+uh3dEegxV8U-00512-00103701-00103819 that are different than your neighbor's
+uh3dEegxV8U-00513-00103820-00103984 house and the neighbor on the other side
+uh3dEegxV8U-00514-00103985-00104164 remember to use products in a manner
+uh3dEegxV8U-00515-00104165-00104324 consistent with their label if you're
+uh3dEegxV8U-00516-00104325-00104533 going to use injectable folk foam or
+uh3dEegxV8U-00517-00104534-00104747 silicone sealant make sure you read the
+uh3dEegxV8U-00518-00104748-00104989 label and use them accordingly above all
+uh3dEegxV8U-00519-00104990-00105224 else be safe don't take any chances on
+uh3dEegxV8U-00520-00105225-00105433 ladders or on the rooftop and if you get
+uh3dEegxV8U-00521-00105434-00105562 in a situation where you're not sure
+uh3dEegxV8U-00522-00105563-00105784 what to do call your local pest control
+uh3dEegxV8U-00523-00105785-00106022 company or wildlife and animal control
+uh3dEegxV8U-00524-00106023-00106228 and they'll they'll help you out they'll
+uh3dEegxV8U-00525-00106229-00106486 point you in the right direction
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00000-00000032-00000223 there are five things that makes the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00001-00000224-00000487 supernatural your inheritance
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00002-00000488-00000630 number one
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00003-00000631-00000782 in order to work
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00004-00000783-00000935 in the supernatural
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00005-00000936-00001339 you must be born of god
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00006-00001340-00001543 [Music]
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00007-00001544-00001839 you must be born of god
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00008-00001839-00002079 the reason is because
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00009-00002080-00002239 life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00010-00002240-00002407 and realms
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00011-00002408-00002750 are offsprings of spirits
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00012-00002751-00003087 life does not originate with waters
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00013-00003088-00003343 no matter how intelligent you are
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00014-00003344-00003575 you don't have the capacity to be an
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00015-00003576-00003822 originator of life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00016-00003823-00004006 you can conduct life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00017-00004007-00004222 but the essence of life comes from the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00018-00004223-00004438 realm of the spirit
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00019-00004439-00004591 even though there is a biological
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00020-00004592-00004838 process set in motion for reproduction
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00021-00004839-00004959 to take place
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00022-00004960-00005167 life itself comes from above
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00023-00005168-00005470 that's why you find different people
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00024-00005471-00005711 doing the same thing not everybody has
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00025-00005712-00005902 the same result have you found burying
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00026-00005903-00006038 women before
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00027-00006039-00006263 they carry out all the requirements for
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00028-00006264-00006391 reproduction
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00029-00006392-00006598 but you discover that life does not come
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00030-00006600-00006798 primarily from reproduction
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00031-00006800-00006983 there are custodians in the spirit that
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00032-00006984-00007206 open the gates of life for men to come
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00033-00007208-00007334 into life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00034-00007336-00007606 and god is not the only spirit that
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00035-00007608-00007798 defines the essence of life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00036-00007800-00008055 there is a life that walks in light and
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00037-00008056-00008255 there is also a life that functions in
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00038-00008256-00008510 darkness and so for a man
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00039-00008511-00008663 to participate
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00040-00008664-00008855 in a dimension of life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00041-00008856-00009142 the spirit that rules that realm must
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00042-00009143-00009391 occasion that life in that man and so
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00043-00009392-00009623 there are so there are people today who
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00044-00009624-00009942 are born of evil and wickedness because
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00045-00009943-00010142 the life that operates in them comes
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00046-00010143-00010478 from darkness in john chapter 8 verse 44
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00047-00010479-00010671 jesus looked at the pharisees and he
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00048-00010672-00010983 said you are of your father the devil
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00049-00010984-00011238 and the lust of your father shall do the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00050-00011239-00011527 word father is the word fundus in the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00051-00011528-00011823 hebrew and is the word pata in the greek
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00052-00011824-00011983 fundus means
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00053-00011984-00012287 the progenitor one that provokes and
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00054-00012288-00012614 procures a reality and he also sustains
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00055-00012615-00012751 it
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00056-00012752-00012974 means a nourisher so what jesus was
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00057-00012975-00013191 talking about is that the philosophy and
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00058-00013191-00013422 the ideology of the pharisees was
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00059-00013423-00013743 bettered sustained and nourished by the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00060-00013744-00014022 devil that means the pharisees think
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00061-00014023-00014319 act and do only things that is
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00062-00014319-00014583 obtainable in the realms of the demonic
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00063-00014584-00014758 that is why their wisdom is
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00064-00014759-00014999 self-centered their operations are
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00065-00015000-00015294 wicked because god does not rule their
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00066-00015295-00015599 ecosystem but that is not only the kind
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00067-00015600-00015807 of life that exists there's another kind
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00068-00015808-00016038 of life that exists and the bible said
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00069-00016040-00016207 in john chapter one from verse one to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00070-00016208-00016430 verse four he said in the beginning was
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00071-00016431-00016679 the word he said the word was with god
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00072-00016680-00016871 and the word was god he said the same
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00073-00016872-00017047 was with him in the beginning all things
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00074-00017048-00017247 were made by him and without him was not
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00075-00017248-00017471 anything made that was made he said in
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00076-00017472-00017758 him was life and the life was the light
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00077-00017759-00017999 of man so there is another kind of life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00078-00018000-00018191 that comes from god and that life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00079-00018192-00018486 functions in the crucible of light so
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00080-00018487-00018783 when a man possesses light the power of
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00081-00018784-00019039 that life is activated the reason you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00082-00019040-00019255 are where you are is because you don't
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00083-00019256-00019399 know how to tap into your first
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00084-00019400-00019575 operational modality of that life the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00085-00019576-00019791 moment you come into light that life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00086-00019792-00019999 begins to grow on your inside because
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00087-00020000-00020255 that life is the light of men if you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00088-00020256-00020439 don't have that light life you're
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00089-00020440-00020694 already a victim and this kind of life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00090-00020695-00020830 you don't possess it by going to a
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00091-00020831-00021086 theology school but the first way to tap
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00092-00021087-00021367 into it is to access that life that is
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00093-00021368-00021591 in god and the way you access that life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00094-00021592-00021847 is not by being born of a woman
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00095-00021848-00022071 is by being born again
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00096-00022072-00022239 because your first bet has been
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00097-00022240-00022471 corrupted the moment you come into this
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00098-00022472-00022743 world you came into an evil atmosphere
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00099-00022744-00022894 the world will teach you the ways of
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00100-00022895-00023086 darkness this is why you don't need to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00101-00023087-00023375 train a child to understand the morality
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00102-00023376-00023678 because even the wind is darkened by the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00103-00023679-00023855 prince of this world in ephesians
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00104-00023856-00024094 chapter 2 verse 2 he's called the prince
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00105-00024095-00024358 of the power of the air so long as you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00106-00024359-00024622 breathe this oxygen evil can come into
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00107-00024623-00024927 your soul the words that men speak they
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00108-00024928-00025111 are not sounds
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00109-00025112-00025335 jesus said the words i speak they are
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00110-00025336-00025558 spirit and their life and he went
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00111-00025559-00025743 further to tell us in proverbs he said
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00112-00025744-00025918 life and death is in the power of the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00113-00025919-00026127 talk that means so long as men are
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00114-00026127-00026311 talking life and death is in the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00115-00026312-00026431 atmosphere
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00116-00026432-00026767 and so when a man is born biologically
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00117-00026768-00026990 that enters him even before he goes to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00118-00026991-00027295 school this is why children learn how to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00119-00027295-00027495 lie even before they can write their
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00120-00027495-00027799 name because evil is in the atmosphere
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00121-00027800-00028055 iniquity is in the atmosphere so when
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00122-00028056-00028295 you want to walk in the order of the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00123-00028295-00028527 supernatural biological life is not
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00124-00028527-00028799 enough you need to be born again and
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00125-00028800-00029095 jesus said in john chapter 3 from verse
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00126-00029095-00029399 3 and 8 if he accept a man be born again
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00127-00029400-00029702 he cannot perceive the kingdom because
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00128-00029704-00029951 there's another word in this world
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00129-00029952-00030158 there's another government that supine
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00130-00030160-00030383 poses his powers over this government
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00131-00030383-00030590 that's the supernatural and so jesus
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00132-00030591-00030751 said for you to perceive of the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00133-00030752-00030974 supernatural head you must be born again
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00134-00030975-00031174 i know you have been born before but you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00135-00031175-00031399 must be born again you were born before
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00136-00031400-00031670 biologically but you are born again by
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00137-00031672-00031839 the spirit
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00138-00031839-00031999 when life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00139-00032000-00032183 finishes his protocol
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00140-00032183-00032318 and brings you to a point where you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00141-00032319-00032470 begin to realize
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00142-00032472-00032631 that things are no longer the same with
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00143-00032632-00032815 you then the second requirement is
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00144-00032816-00033271 activated it's called consciousness
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00145-00033272-00033399 because
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00146-00033400-00033574 you cannot master
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00147-00033575-00033871 until you begin to build consciousness
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00148-00033872-00033999 i didn't know
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00149-00034000-00034167 when i come for service
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00150-00034168-00034327 sometimes i'm hoping that god should
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00151-00034328-00034462 impart people
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00152-00034463-00034671 sometimes i'm praying for god to impart
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00153-00034672-00034927 people and one day when god wanted to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00154-00034928-00035023 help me
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00155-00035024-00035246 he took me to the spirit and when i
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00156-00035247-00035495 entered the spiritual i discovered what
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00157-00035496-00035767 we wear there is no flesh
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00158-00035768-00035990 it was in the spiritual i now discover
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00159-00035991-00036190 that there are different clothes there
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00160-00036191-00036446 are different fabrics
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00161-00036447-00036590 in the spirit realm there are certain
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00162-00036591-00036815 angels and certain beings not just
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00163-00036816-00037030 angels even the spirit of judgment made
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00164-00037031-00037479 perfect some of them wear light
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00165-00037480-00037735 the clothes they wear is light
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00166-00037736-00038015 when john met the man that took him on a
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00167-00038016-00038246 tour around heaven in revelation 19
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00168-00038247-00038439 verse 10 he wanted to worship him
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00169-00038440-00038599 because he thought he was an injured and
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00170-00038600-00038799 the man said no worship me not he said
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00171-00038800-00038959 i'm one of your brethren
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00172-00038960-00039095 that's a spirit of just being made
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00173-00039096-00039343 perfect but in that realm he was clothed
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00174-00039344-00039551 with lights like a ninja and so when
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00175-00039552-00039743 john saw him john thought he was a ninja
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00176-00039744-00039902 he said no i'm not an angel i'm your
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00177-00039903-00040127 brother i'm just wearing my celestial
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00178-00040128-00040318 garment
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00179-00040319-00040479 and so when i was carried to the spirit
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00180-00040480-00040718 dream i discovered the clothes i was
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00181-00040719-00040974 wearing in the spirit was fire
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00182-00040975-00041230 from that day my consciousness changed
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00183-00041231-00041430 so i can come to a service from the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00184-00041431-00041590 beginning of the service and start
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00185-00041591-00041815 imparting if i want god to begin to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00186-00041816-00042102 impact people now i will start now
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00187-00042103-00042246 i don't need to pray i don't need to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00188-00042247-00042495 ascend i can stop the keyboard and begin
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00189-00042496-00042671 to impart people the reason is because
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00190-00042672-00042887 when i discovered myself i began to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00191-00042888-00043087 build consciousness so one thing i did
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00192-00043088-00043311 was i knew that anywhere i entered i
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00193-00043312-00043439 bring fire
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00194-00043440-00043646 you can listen to my message even if you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00195-00043647-00043823 don't understand the exaggeration
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00196-00043824-00044039 something will happen to your heart
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00197-00044040-00044351 a budget a bandit was hearing somebody
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00198-00044352-00044527 play my message and when he went to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00199-00044528-00044718 sleep he couldn't sleep
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00200-00044719-00044911 sleep was withdrawn from him and he
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00201-00044912-00045143 started looking for me from all around
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00202-00045144-00045335 the country where is this man and he
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00203-00045336-00045567 came for the service and said please i'm
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00204-00045568-00046004 abandoned
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00205-00046005-00046518 [Music]
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00206-00046519-00046671 when i saw
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00207-00046672-00046815 i'm abandoned
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00208-00046816-00047039 my heart
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00209-00047040-00047151 you are
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00210-00047152-00047351 you are a what i would have called
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00211-00047352-00047535 police immediately
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00212-00047536-00047935 but i didn't have
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00213-00047936-00048167 what did you come here
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00214-00048168-00048374 but this time he didn't come with a gun
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00215-00048375-00048590 he came with his life to surrender
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00216-00048591-00048911 because fire entered his soul fire and
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00217-00048912-00049158 paddy's soul but for that level of fire
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00218-00049159-00049383 to be emitted there was a consciousness
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00219-00049384-00049574 that was built i don't know him i've
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00220-00049575-00049727 never seen him i don't have any contact
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00221-00049728-00050030 with him but the fire that contacted him
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00222-00050031-00050174 dragged him to submit himself to the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00223-00050175-00050439 water until you did i know he's seeking
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00224-00050440-00050543 god
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00225-00050544-00050735 because when you begin to build
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00226-00050736-00050983 consciousness everything life puts on
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00227-00050984-00051230 your inside you begin to conduct it
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00228-00051232-00051446 because it's your consciousness that we
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00229-00051447-00051654 conduct what you carry there are many
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00230-00051655-00051846 people that carry so much of god but
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00231-00051847-00052023 they don't know how to conduct it they
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00232-00052024-00052230 are conscious of the world but they want
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00233-00052232-00052423 to conduct heaven it doesn't work like
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00234-00052424-00052687 that the lord walks with your mind in
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00235-00052688-00053007 ephesians chapter 4 verse 20 he said god
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00236-00053008-00053182 is able to do
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00237-00053183-00053463 that means god is also not able to do
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00238-00053464-00053742 but for god to be able to do he will do
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00239-00053744-00053999 only exceedingly abundantly above what
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00240-00054000-00054319 you ask or think that means the power of
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00241-00054320-00054615 god is limited to your consciousness
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00242-00054616-00054950 if you are thinking fear no matter how
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00243-00054951-00055182 you shout you will not see the glory of
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00244-00055183-00055279 god
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00245-00055279-00055519 because your consciousness is the first
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00246-00055520-00055726 conductor of the dimension of god that
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00247-00055727-00055999 you host this is why the devil doesn't
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00248-00056000-00056238 need to send preachers
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00249-00056239-00056415 he sends systems that create
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00250-00056416-00056566 consciousness
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00251-00056567-00056647 by
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00252-00056648-00056782 a bird
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00253-00056783-00057023 the advert you see is a naked woman they
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00254-00057024-00057175 don't need to come and teach you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00255-00057176-00057471 immorality 101 no if they build the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00256-00057472-00057735 consciousness on your own you will walk
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00257-00057736-00057991 in immorality because they know that the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00258-00057991-00058287 power of your spirit is activated in the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00259-00058288-00058582 direction of your consciousness
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00260-00058583-00058807 the supernatural is a protocol and this
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00261-00058808-00058911 is the map
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00262-00058912-00059111 you begin from life
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00263-00059112-00059366 into consciousness and when you build
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00264-00059367-00059526 consciousness then there is a
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00265-00059527-00059775 commandment for you to believe
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00266-00059776-00060047 because only by faith
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00267-00060048-00060263 can you command the supernatural
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00268-00060264-00060438 the supernatural does not respond to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00269-00060439-00060591 intelligence
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00270-00060591-00060815 the supernatural does not respond to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00271-00060816-00060982 popular opinion
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00272-00060983-00061366 the supernatural response only to faith
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00273-00061367-00061630 and the faith is your faith not your
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00274-00061632-00061766 pastor's faith
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00275-00061767-00061982 not your general messiah's faith not
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00276-00061983-00062175 your bishop's faith if you want to see
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00277-00062176-00062494 the supernatural you must have the faith
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00278-00062495-00062887 of god jesus was speaking in john 11 40.
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00279-00062888-00063038 he said if thou
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00280-00063039-00063382 wouldest believe thou should see the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00281-00063383-00063663 glory of god that means the supernatural
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00282-00063664-00063935 is at the mercy of your faith the day
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00283-00063936-00064119 your faith comes alive that day you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00284-00064120-00064311 begin to walk in the supernatural if you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00285-00064312-00064550 don't build your faith you will never
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00286-00064551-00064782 see the supernatural it is the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00287-00064783-00065006 supernatural is the fit is faith that
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00288-00065007-00065206 controls the supernatural it's like a
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00289-00065207-00065319 body
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00290-00065320-00065526 the way you can on and off this light
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00291-00065527-00065775 that we that's how faith regulates the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00292-00065776-00066031 supernatural when you find a band of
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00293-00066032-00066182 faith you have found the man of the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00294-00066183-00066463 supernatural in fact you can substitute
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00295-00066464-00066671 the word supernatural for faith both of
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00296-00066672-00066967 them work hand in hand anywhere faith is
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00297-00066968-00067191 at work the supernatural is at work
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00298-00067192-00067359 anywhere faith is withdrawn the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00299-00067360-00067550 supernatural is withdrawn find the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00300-00067551-00067831 scripture it is replete all through the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00301-00067832-00068135 scripture the bible said in mark chapter
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00302-00068136-00068391 11 verse 22 he said when you come before
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00303-00068392-00068687 a mountain don't look up to god
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00304-00068688-00068894 he said look unto your feet
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00305-00068895-00069087 the reason is because the power to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00306-00069088-00069247 remove the mountain has already been
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00307-00069248-00069471 given to you so you can call on god from
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00308-00069472-00069711 morning to night nothing will happen
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00309-00069712-00069903 this is why people who call on the name
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00310-00069904-00070143 of the lord and accuse him and say all
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00311-00070144-00070375 kinds of things don't see the result the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00312-00070376-00070591 problem is not with god he has set to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00313-00070592-00070782 the issue of the mountain two thousand
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00314-00070783-00070982 years ago in christ jesus the problem
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00315-00070983-00071191 has to do with your faith and so he said
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00316-00071192-00071359 when you confront a mountain he said
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00317-00071360-00071559 don't talk to me it says say to the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00318-00071560-00071638 mountain
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00319-00071639-00071903 be thou removed be thou cast away if you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00320-00071904-00072079 do not doubt in your heart he said you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00321-00072080-00072287 shall have whatsoever you say and he
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00322-00072288-00072487 said when thou prayers
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00323-00072488-00072719 he say believe in your heart and if you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00324-00072720-00073038 do not doubt you will have whatsoever
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00325-00073039-00073350 you say that means the ability to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00326-00073351-00073671 possess whatsoever is a product of the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00327-00073672-00073847 kind of faith that you are working in
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00328-00073848-00074038 the reason many people are defeated in
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00329-00074039-00074247 life is because they don't have faith
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00330-00074248-00074447 and the problem is not necessarily a
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00331-00074448-00074638 problem of faith the problem is a
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00332-00074639-00074847 problem of what they hear because faith
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00333-00074848-00075094 comes by hearing and hearing by the word
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00334-00075095-00075406 of god you sit down listen to gossip for
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00335-00075407-00075647 three hours participate in the gossip
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00336-00075648-00075831 and then you stand up you go and lay
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00337-00075832-00076055 down religiously and you begin to make
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00338-00076056-00076294 declaration nothing will happen
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00339-00076295-00076487 because the gossip you hear is the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00340-00076488-00076687 gossip you will produce if you want to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00341-00076688-00076894 see mountains move you must receive
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00342-00076895-00077103 faith-filled words to be able to command
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00343-00077104-00077238 faith-filled reality
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00344-00077239-00077526 they go and stand and malign people they
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00345-00077527-00077782 criticize people they gossip people they
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00346-00077783-00078119 do every evil evil imagination carry out
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00347-00078120-00078326 every evil act and then they show up
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00348-00078327-00078494 they want to command the supernatural
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00349-00078495-00078719 that is called religion
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00350-00078720-00078975 and no matter how pious you do it does
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00351-00078976-00079135 not mean it will work like that you know
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00352-00079136-00079287 many people think jesus was a
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00353-00079288-00079479 sanctimonious person that's why they
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00354-00079480-00079606 think when you become pious and
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00355-00079607-00079847 sanctimonious you are supernatural that
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00356-00079848-00080055 that appearance of islam they will burn
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00357-00080056-00080399 to you like that and destroy you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00358-00080400-00080599 the fourth protocol
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00359-00080600-00080750 in the map
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00360-00080751-00081150 is to act your faith through obedience
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00361-00081151-00081326 no matter how full of faith you are if
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00362-00081327-00081471 you don't act it you will never see the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00363-00081472-00081615 supernatural
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00364-00081616-00081935 the supernatural only respond to actors
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00365-00081936-00082079 that's why the book of acts is called
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00366-00082080-00082303 the acts of the apostles it's not called
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00367-00082304-00082503 the knowings of the apostles they are
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00368-00082504-00082662 the teeth they acted
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00369-00082663-00082847 if you don't put your faith to work you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00370-00082848-00083062 will never see the supernatural in march
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00371-00083063-00083359 16 verse 20 he said they went out
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00372-00083360-00083503 they didn't sit in their room praying
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00373-00083504-00083679 and quoting scriptures they said they
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00374-00083680-00083791 went out
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00375-00083792-00084006 and they said the lord walking with them
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00376-00084007-00084199 confirming the world where signs are one
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00377-00084200-00084382 that's following that means if you don't
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00378-00084383-00084615 act you will never possess
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00379-00084616-00084806 the people who raised the dead they
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00380-00084807-00084935 raised the dead because they were born
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00381-00084936-00085103 so they raised the dead because they
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00382-00085104-00085294 commanded the dead to come to life if
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00383-00085295-00085462 you don't command the dead if you don't
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00384-00085463-00085671 pray for the dead no matter how anointed
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00385-00085672-00085871 you are you will never raise the dead
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00386-00085872-00086062 those who raise creepers don't raise
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00387-00086063-00086231 people's because they were born with
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00388-00086232-00086415 raising or crippled dimension they
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00389-00086416-00086567 raised people because they prayed for
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00390-00086568-00086791 cripples and as they prayed for a long
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00391-00086792-00087055 time cripples began to rise in acts
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00392-00087056-00087311 chapter 14 verse 3 is a long time a
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00393-00087312-00087582 birthday speaking boldly in the lord the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00394-00087583-00087806 lord confirming the words of his grace
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00395-00087807-00088167 granting the signs and wonders be done
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00396-00088168-00088318 by their hands you want to see the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00397-00088319-00088543 supernatural you must act and let me
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00398-00088544-00088767 give you a warning before you start
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00399-00088768-00089031 most times the first 20 attempts will
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00400-00089032-00089238 end the failure
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00401-00089239-00089423 but the reason you will not stop is
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00402-00089424-00089711 because you know that this thing is here
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00403-00089712-00089894 i may not be seeing it now but i will
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00404-00089895-00089991 see it
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00405-00089992-00090199 there used to be a time when i go for
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00406-00090200-00090438 service i will say god is touching one
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00407-00090439-00090543 person
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00408-00090544-00090711 i reduce the number to the various
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00409-00090712-00090967 minimum so that by all means even if the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00410-00090968-00091126 anointing doesn't touch the person
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00411-00091127-00091582 anybody that the usher pushes
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00412-00091583-00091726 and i will shout
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00413-00091727-00091823 now
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00414-00091824-00092103 fire fire i'm feeling the fire on my
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00415-00092104-00092431 inside but no body for us
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00416-00092432-00092599 when i hear one plastic chair maybe
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00417-00092600-00092782 somebody moved back and there's a sound
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00418-00092783-00092950 of plastic i said that's right
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00419-00092951-00093159 that's right they will not say sorry
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00420-00093160-00093559 it's plastic chair nobody is falling
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00421-00093560-00093767 i've gone for meetings before where i
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00422-00093768-00093959 prayed for cripples
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00423-00093960-00094094 on record
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00424-00094095-00094279 when i finish praying
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00425-00094280-00094671 the person becomes more creepy
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00426-00094672-00094903 i will drag the person up
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00427-00094904-00095023 walk now
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00428-00095024-00095238 somehow we try to push
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00429-00095239-00095503 there will be no life when i sweat for a
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00430-00095504-00095591 while
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00431-00095592-00095815 i will not tell them
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00432-00095816-00096006 ah
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00433-00096007-00096126 this thing
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00434-00096127-00096311 is not one day
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00435-00096312-00096494 may the lord don't know your faith
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00436-00096495-00097047 please don't give up
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00437-00097048-00097294 if you are proud
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00438-00097295-00097479 you will do one two three and you will
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00439-00097480-00097655 stop what you have done is that you have
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00440-00097656-00097847 buried your manifestation
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00441-00097848-00097999 the reason is because
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00442-00098000-00098255 when it happens i won't take the glory
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00443-00098256-00098423 so when it doesn't happen i will take
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00444-00098424-00098662 the shame i'm not the one doing it god
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00445-00098663-00098918 is the one doing it i'm only a conductor
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00446-00098919-00099471 i have not mastered conduction yet
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00447-00099472-00099694 many are too afraid to act the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00448-00099695-00100006 supernatural they do not read matthew 10
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00449-00100007-00100191 when the disciples went out they didn't
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00450-00100192-00100318 know it would happen
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00451-00100319-00100455 so when it happened they came back
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00452-00100456-00100767 jubilated that demons were subject to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00453-00100768-00100982 our commands that means they were
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00454-00100983-00101118 shocked
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00455-00101119-00101415 they were shocked that demons obey them
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00456-00101416-00101559 they came back they couldn't contain
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00457-00101560-00101759 their joy they told jesus can you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00458-00101760-00102047 imagine the same way they must obey you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00459-00102048-00102282 they were obeying us and when jesus
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00460-00102283-00102558 prayed hear the strange prayer jesus
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00461-00102559-00102799 prayed jesus didn't say it's because you
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00462-00102800-00103078 have statue he said i thank you father
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00463-00103079-00103254 because you have heard this from the
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00464-00103255-00103502 prudent and you have revealed it to
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00465-00103503-00103751 believes that means the supernatural
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00466-00103752-00103942 it's not for men or stature they
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00467-00103943-00104158 supernaturalize for babes
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00468-00104159-00104471 and that pain is a faith a childlike
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00469-00104472-00104671 faith if you don't have a child like
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00470-00104672-00104919 faith that doesn't fear embarrassment if
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00471-00104920-00105086 you don't have a child like faith that
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00472-00105088-00105399 doesn't fear failure you will never
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00473-00105400-00105741 see the supernatural
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00474-00105742-00106783 [Music]
+uh_LyMDVbWy-00475-00106783-00106991 you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00000-00000044-00001040 [Music]
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00001-00001041-00001601 [Applause]
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00002-00001602-00001907 hello everyone welcome to remote sensing
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00003-00001907-00002147 and Gis for Rural Development
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00004-00002148-00002363 nptel course
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00005-00002364-00002987 this is week 5 lecture one
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00006-00002988-00003281 let us do a recap of
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00007-00003282-00003604 what we have learned in lecture 4
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00008-00003605-00003875 and how it is related to
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00009-00003876-00004270 lecture week five
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00010-00004271-00004697 in lecture 4
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00011-00004698-00004997 we had done an introduction to GIS which
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00012-00004998-00005309 was part one vectors
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00013-00005310-00005531 in lecture week 5
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00014-00005532-00005981 we will be discussing more on rastas
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00015-00005982-00006491 which is the second type of data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00016-00006492-00006653 to be specific
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00017-00006654-00007103 we gave an introduction to GIS like what
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00018-00007104-00007339 is GIS how does GIS
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00019-00007340-00007642 process the data we looked at the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00020-00007643-00007978 flowchart of defining a problem and then
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00021-00007979-00008387 understanding the issues
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00022-00008388-00008860 we also looked at multiple options for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00023-00008861-00009155 GIS software
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00024-00009156-00009323 of which
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00025-00009324-00009833 we will be using qgis
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00026-00009834-00010091 we also looked into the different
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00027-00010092-00010433 versions of qgis
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00028-00010434-00010571 and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00029-00010572-00010955 we will focus mostly on the most stable
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00030-00010956-00011399 version
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00031-00011400-00011891 which is 3.2214 till date
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00032-00011892-00012335 in 2023 early 2023 so this might be
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00033-00012336-00012449 different
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00034-00012450-00012724 when you view this
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00035-00012725-00012910 video
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00036-00012911-00013193 in 2024 2025 depending on the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00037-00013194-00013522 registrations
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00038-00013523-00013715 but always look for the most stable
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00039-00013716-00013847 version
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00040-00013847-00014015 then we went through the process of
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00041-00014016-00014441 downloading the data for the software
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00042-00014441-00014686 and then we ran and install the software
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00043-00014687-00014872 on my machine
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00044-00014873-00015172 which was shared on the screen
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00045-00015173-00015527 once the gis was set up
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00046-00015528-00015893 it was also necessary to understand what
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00047-00015894-00016199 are the different types of data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00048-00016200-00016457 in GIS
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00049-00016458-00016685 then we stopped and looked at
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00050-00016686-00016925 vectors and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00051-00016926-00017165 rasters
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00052-00017166-00017693 we defined that these are the two types
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00053-00017694-00017861 and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00054-00017862-00018191 we went in depth to
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00055-00018192-00018863 vectors in week four
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00056-00018864-00019180 we also looked at qgis tools for Vector
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00057-00019181-00019439 analysis so once we've defined the two
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00058-00019440-00019625 types of data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00059-00019626-00019913 then there are tools that work on vector
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00060-00019914-00020213 and work on assets separately
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00061-00020214-00020507 so we had looked at
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00062-00020508-00020741 the specific tools
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00063-00020742-00021029 in Vector analysis
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00064-00021030-00021658 that are installed in qgis
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00065-00021659-00021893 the tools may be different
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00066-00021894-00022205 in whatever GIS versions or software you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00067-00022206-00022427 use however
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00068-00022428-00022769 we covered the basic tools so you will
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00069-00022770-00023080 definitely come across the same tools
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00070-00023081-00023380 different names would be there
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00071-00023381-00023705 for example buffer would be labeled as
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00072-00023706-00024071 buffer vector or buffer line buffer
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00073-00024072-00024461 polycon Etc buffer is always the same
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00074-00024462-00024719 tool it creates a buffer
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00075-00024720-00024922 around a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00076-00024923-00025319 shape file Point polygon or line
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00077-00025320-00025444 so
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00078-00025445-00025631 the name of the tool might be different
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00079-00025632-00026111 in different softwares as per GIS the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00080-00026112-00026411 application of the tool is same
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00081-00026412-00026651 then we look at applications of GIS
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00082-00026652-00026927 Vector data and Analysis
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00083-00026927-00027149 so we will Define the data we looked at
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00084-00027150-00027329 some tools that can organize and play
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00085-00027330-00027473 with the data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00086-00027474-00027946 and then we jumped into the applications
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00087-00027947-00028355 now how is this link to weak files
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00088-00028356-00028601 we had mentioned that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00089-00028602-00028918 we have two types of data so vector and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00090-00028919-00029020 raster
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00091-00029022-00029273 I had introduced what is a raster but I
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00092-00029274-00029543 didn't get into in-depth discussions
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00093-00029544-00029981 that is what we will accomplish in week
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00094-00029982-00030239 five
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00095-00030239-00030473 it is also necessary to look at the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00096-00030474-00030689 difference between raster and Vector the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00097-00030689-00030874 two types of data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00098-00030875-00031151 some may get confused that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00099-00031152-00031445 it is a full coverage
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00100-00031445-00031733 so is it a vector or a raster coverage
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00101-00031733-00031883 may not
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00102-00031883-00032273 always say it is a raster
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00103-00032274-00032501 and vice versa right so we should be
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00104-00032502-00032639 careful about
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00105-00032639-00032921 what is embedded in the data how the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00106-00032922-00033161 data is represented and that defines
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00107-00033162-00033431 raster or vector
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00108-00033432-00033683 sources of raster data for Rural
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00109-00033684-00033857 Development we will look into some
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00110-00033858-00034049 sources
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00111-00034050-00034265 and then we'll jump into some intro
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00112-00034266-00034465 raster Tools in
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00113-00034466-00034933 qgis platform so there are raster tools
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00114-00034934-00035290 generic and there are raster tools that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00115-00035291-00035489 you could use
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00116-00035490-00035843 throughout the gis Network and specific
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00117-00035844-00036274 to certain softwares
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00118-00036275-00036449 we will have an introduction of the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00119-00036450-00036773 major major raster tools one example is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00120-00036774-00037073 the raster calculator and the masking
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00121-00037074-00037199 tool
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00122-00037200-00037618 these tools are very very important and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00123-00037619-00037895 almost
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00124-00037896-00038183 across the software systems for GIS it
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00125-00038184-00038368 is used
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00126-00038369-00038609 then we'll have some inputs on data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00127-00038610-00038801 storing methodologies
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00128-00038802-00038909 [Music]
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00129-00038910-00039395 throughout I will stress the fact that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00130-00039396-00039802 this is based on qgis software
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00131-00039803-00040162 the recent stable version
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00132-00040163-00040474 and mostly for Rural Development there
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00133-00040475-00040702 are multiple other applications and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00134-00040703-00040930 tools that are more specific for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00135-00040931-00041080 different applications such as
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00136-00041081-00041335 atmospheric science
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00137-00041336-00041539 Transportation
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00138-00041540-00041909 Heritage mapping Etc but we will be
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00139-00041910-00042365 mostly focusing on Rural Development
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00140-00042366-00042617 some case studies May and may come in
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00141-00042618-00042917 and go depending on the piercings
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00142-00042918-00043349 so what is the gis data model
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00143-00043350-00043596 it implies that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00144-00043597-00043865 multi-source data is converted to
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00145-00043866-00044279 digital formats if it has a spatial
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00146-00044280-00044411 location
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00147-00044412-00044729 for example let's take this example of
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00148-00044730-00044921 from the world there will be multiple
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00149-00044922-00045268 layers GIS is about layering one layer
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00150-00045269-00045521 above the other and then drilling down
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00151-00045522-00045779 to take which is the analysis to take
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00152-00045780-00045917 the result
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00153-00045918-00046133 so now comes the point
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00154-00046134-00046343 what are these data all these data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00155-00046344-00046739 should have a particular input which is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00156-00046740-00047111 the data plus the spatial data the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00157-00047112-00047435 spatial location of the data is GIS
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00158-00047436-00047861 right so now since data is organized as
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00159-00047862-00047993 layers
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00160-00047994-00048401 coverages or themes it is same Concepts
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00161-00048402-00048761 but it could be different
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00162-00048762-00049085 types of data so coverage or theme would
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00163-00049086-00049402 be synonymous
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00164-00049403-00049583 but
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00165-00049584-00049751 it has
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00166-00049752-00050086 different data formats it can have data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00167-00050087-00050302 formats so please understand that part
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00168-00050303-00050549 that yes it is synonymous coverage or
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00169-00050550-00050729 theme but it can be different data part
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00170-00050730-00051046 of which there are two types vectors and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00171-00051047-00051232 rasters
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00172-00051233-00051587 however each layer is representing a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00173-00051588-00051814 common theme of the problem
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00174-00051815-00052138 you are looking at rural development and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00175-00052139-00052523 I've said that crop acreage is one very
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00176-00052524-00052792 very important rule Development question
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00177-00052794-00052979 we cannot map
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00178-00052979-00053387 on top of coverage
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00179-00053388-00053638 something in rural India you cannot map
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00180-00053639-00053950 Urban coverage for example
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00181-00053951-00054197 if industrialization has happened yes
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00182-00054198-00054580 but given that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00183-00054582-00054785 it is focusing on
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00184-00054786-00055241 crops you have to concentrate on crops
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00185-00055241-00055499 the common theme is there
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00186-00055500-00055715 layers are integrated using explicit
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00187-00055716-00055894 location on Earth's surface because
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00188-00055895-00056165 Earth location is what ties all this
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00189-00056166-00056447 data together see the data can be spread
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00190-00056448-00056771 different locations why is it on top of
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00191-00056772-00056999 each other is because the location is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00192-00057000-00057094 safe
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00193-00057095-00057299 for one location
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00194-00057300-00057688 you cannot have only one data that is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00195-00057689-00057850 the beauty of GIS you can keep on
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00196-00057851-00058144 starting so it is a comparison if you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00197-00058145-00058403 would like to see in one location you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00198-00058404-00058637 can either build one house which is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00199-00058638-00058913 called a bungalow or a separate house or
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00200-00058914-00059244 you can build an apartment which is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00201-00059245-00059507 vertically tall
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00202-00059508-00059837 if you look at the number of levels this
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00203-00059838-00060035 could have 33 levels and this is only
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00204-00060036-00060323 one level and that is what data will
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00205-00060324-00060526 also give because here in one level
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00206-00060527-00060737 you'll have only
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00207-00060738-00060971 um four to five people living whereas
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00208-00060972-00061175 here every floor you have four to five
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00209-00061176-00061547 people living provided both are the same
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00210-00061548-00061853 um entity okay or the same people you're
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00211-00061854-00062230 taking in terms of age occupation
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00212-00062232-00062530 Etc so that is a common feature so GIS
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00213-00062532-00062735 is on the left which I explained is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00214-00062736-00062921 about a vertical
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00215-00062922-00063257 um staggering of data and then you take
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00216-00063258-00063461 an information out so layers are
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00217-00063462-00063671 integrated using explicit location that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00218-00063672-00063929 is a single location thus geographic
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00219-00063929-00064337 location is the organizing principle the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00220-00064338-00064594 location is organizing principle and now
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00221-00064595-00064949 it doesn't matter if it is raster or a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00222-00064950-00065230 vector which means one floor can be
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00223-00065232-00065411 green in color the other four can be
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00224-00065412-00065723 blue in color and then green and then
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00225-00065724-00065975 red Brown whatever it is so the colors
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00226-00065976-00066311 represent different layers so it doesn't
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00227-00066312-00066587 matter in GIS if
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00228-00066588-00066779 um how many ever different layers come
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00229-00066780-00067031 up as long as your software and your
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00230-00067032-00067241 computer can hold it
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00231-00067242-00067553 so the location is what is key we have
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00232-00067554-00067732 already looked into this in week four
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00233-00067733-00067919 but because we are discussing a raster
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00234-00067920-00068123 I'll just quickly go through this again
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00235-00068124-00068356 in a real world scenario which is given
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00236-00068357-00068788 at the bottom uh you have a lake
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00237-00068789-00068963 um and a river
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00238-00068964-00069185 um or a streamline that brings water to
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00239-00069186-00069473 the lake and you have a grassland around
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00240-00069474-00069767 the grassland you have some marshy lands
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00241-00069768-00070085 and Forest and that has been accurately
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00242-00070086-00070355 depicted as a 2d surface in the bottom
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00243-00070356-00070576 so what you see in the bottom
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00244-00070577-00070876 um is moving my pointer
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00245-00070877-00071231 so what do you see at the bottom is the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00246-00071232-00071705 real life scenario and you do have
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00247-00071706-00072053 um on the top uh the 3D real life world
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00248-00072054-00072305 uh which is being converted to a 2d
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00249-00072306-00072556 surface
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00250-00072557-00072863 so rastas are in grids which is on the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00251-00072864-00073126 top you have divided the real world into
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00252-00073127-00073523 grids the grids are called pixels inside
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00253-00073524-00073769 each one is called a pixel
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00254-00073770-00074063 um so you green you discretize it which
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00255-00074064-00074387 means gridding the surface and then each
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00256-00074388-00074741 Square in the grid is called a pixel it
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00257-00074742-00075071 has a location and a value right the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00258-00075072-00075353 pixel is centered and it knows the size
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00259-00075354-00075599 of the square so if you know the center
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00260-00075600-00075803 and you know the size of the square you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00261-00075804-00076121 can easily draw this size as in from the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00262-00076122-00076397 center what is the distance to the side
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00263-00076398-00076619 of the square so if you know that it is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00264-00076620-00076853 equidistant right from the center you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00265-00076854-00077032 can have equidistant to the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00266-00077033-00077279 perpendiculars to the side so that is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00267-00077280-00077579 how you could definitely create a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00268-00077580-00078088 location a single location for a pixel
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00269-00078089-00078394 however the data is averaged for that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00270-00078395-00078653 location as I clearly said suppose this
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00271-00078654-00078941 entire thing is one pixel this entire
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00272-00078942-00079150 thing may be a one pixel in a satellite
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00273-00079151-00079462 image uh so what it will happen is for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00274-00079463-00079787 it is one location but across that grid
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00275-00079788-00080111 and across the grid what is the land use
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00276-00080112-00080332 land cover the dominant value comes in
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00277-00080333-00080621 as the value the value as given here for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00278-00080622-00080837 example for this one we can say the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00279-00080838-00081119 brown color is dominant so grassland is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00280-00081120-00081299 dominant so it will be brown color in
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00281-00081300-00081400 the value
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00282-00081401-00081617 so satellite image and aerial photos are
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00283-00081618-00081881 already in this format which is gridded
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00284-00081882-00082115 and that is why you called photographs
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00285-00082116-00082625 as pixels right 4K resolution High pixel
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00286-00082626-00082955 high definition these are all terms that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00287-00082956-00083200 say that it has been gridded and each
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00288-00083201-00083417 grid has a value
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00289-00083418-00083819 whereas vectors are linear it is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00290-00083820-00084071 non-continuous it has points lines and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00291-00084072-00084412 polygons and they are called features
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00292-00084413-00084682 with attributes features are the class
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00293-00084683-00085043 House Lake Etc and under the class there
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00294-00085044-00085343 are data and that data or sub columns
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00295-00085344-00085691 are called as attributes
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00296-00085692-00085894 one more representation of the world we
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00297-00085895-00086026 had looked at
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00298-00086027-00086249 um in a raster I'll just only focus on
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00299-00086250-00086573 the raster here so we have a real world
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00300-00086574-00086923 where you have a river and trees houses
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00301-00086924-00087353 uh in a real world which is a 3D mesh
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00302-00087354-00087749 you have discretized it in in
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00303-00087750-00088175 by by forming grids so this has been
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00304-00088176-00088649 divided into rows and columns sorry if
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00305-00088650-00088859 my drawing is not
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00306-00088860-00089279 as good as it should be uh because I'm
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00307-00089280-00089597 using a pointer okay
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00308-00089598-00089861 so you get the idea that each pixel is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00309-00089862-00090161 what is represented here right
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00310-00090162-00090497 and then you uh
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00311-00090498-00090803 you use the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00312-00090804-00091168 value inside the pixel as the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00313-00091169-00091361 the dominant value inside the pixel as
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00314-00091362-00091565 the single value so for here you have
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00315-00091566-00091937 rows and columns uh 0 to 9 0 to 9 it is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00316-00091938-00092279 a grid in square it has each pixel is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00317-00092280-00092567 given here you have one pixel I can
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00318-00092568-00092855 color code it for just to show you uh
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00319-00092856-00093421 the pixel so this is one pixel at a time
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00320-00093422-00093821 and you can use this
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00321-00093822-00094276 yeah so there is one pixel and then you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00322-00094277-00094505 have the graded lines
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00323-00094506-00094738 um what you can do next is you could see
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00324-00094739-00095135 that in the Grid in the pixel what is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00325-00095136-00095338 the dominant value it is taking so for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00326-00095339-00095567 that location what is the dominant value
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00327-00095568-00095837 again the location is not a single point
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00328-00095838-00096161 but across the square across the pixel
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00329-00096162-00096353 uh what is the dominant so here's
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00330-00096354-00096544 nothing nothing which is a Barren land
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00331-00096545-00096815 baron and let's say land is empty uh and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00332-00096816-00097012 then you have houses there's one house
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00333-00097013-00097432 in tilk one house in six and and seven
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00334-00097433-00097715 so six and seven is this one
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00335-00097716-00097979 um whereas this house is at one and two
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00336-00097980-00098350 so uh on the column it is one and then
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00337-00098351-00098668 on the row it is two
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00338-00098669-00098938 so this is how a real life world can be
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00339-00098939-00099232 represented as a raster and then picked
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00340-00099233-00099629 up so how are uh they done again the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00341-00099630-00099917 real world is uh converted to a 2d
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00342-00099918-00100187 surface two types of data is there one
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00343-00100188-00100523 is Vector investor in a vector you have
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00344-00100524-00101021 lines uh polygons and points uh for each
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00345-00101022-00101447 real world scenario whereas in faster
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00346-00101448-00101711 the entire plane has been discretized
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00347-00101712-00102118 into grids and each pixel takes a value
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00348-00102119-00102466 so uh when I go into the differences
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00349-00102467-00102839 between these two I will focus on why so
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00350-00102840-00103247 you have uh pixels as the dominant uh
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00351-00103248-00103565 division of the data whereas features is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00352-00103566-00103732 the definition
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00353-00103733-00104356 of the data in the vectors
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00354-00104357-00104699 how are special elements represented as
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00355-00104700-00104866 rasters
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00356-00104867-00104933 um
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00357-00104933-00105275 stores images as rows and columns image
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00358-00105276-00105586 so the image here has been stored as a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00359-00105588-00105815 row and column as I showed you in the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00360-00105816-00106175 previous slide one and two we had a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00361-00106176-00106486 house so as per the row and and columns
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00362-00106488-00106649 location
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00363-00106650-00106973 um it stores the data as an information
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00364-00106974-00107273 and the location so stores images as
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00365-00107274-00107483 rows and Columns of numbers with a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00366-00107483-00107904 digital value number DN for each cell
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00367-00107905-00108323 is very unique so as I said Row one
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00368-00108324-00108557 um Row 2 in the case example so Row 2
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00369-00108558-00108857 and column one is unique only one pixel
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00370-00108858-00109133 sits there not multiple pixel takes that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00371-00109133-00109247 location
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00372-00109248-00109499 units are usually represented as Square
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00373-00109500-00109828 grade cells that are uniform in size so
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00374-00109829-00110063 always it is square and it should be
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00375-00110064-00110351 uniform you cannot have a green bigger
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00376-00110352-00110681 than red or yellow uh it can be only
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00377-00110682-00111016 when you do a local discretization as
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00378-00111017-00111397 done in hydrological models but for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00379-00111398-00112031 raster data all are same size grids and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00380-00112032-00112373 that is why your green is not bigger
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00381-00112374-00112595 than the blue or the yellow is not
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00382-00112596-00112823 bigger than the green it is the same
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00383-00112824-00113243 size
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00384-00113244-00113513 with this what happens is you have
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00385-00113514-00113681 uniform
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00386-00113682-00114149 spread of the data with equal Excel size
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00387-00114150-00114557 and the dominant land use land cover or
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00388-00114558-00114947 rainfall is taken as a value for it
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00389-00114948-00115223 data is classified as continuous such as
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00390-00115224-00115547 in the image you don't have an image uh
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00391-00115548-00115769 whatever size is it it can be a oval
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00392-00115770-00115978 image it can be a square image rectangle
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00393-00115979-00116416 image A4 whatever size every image has
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00394-00116417-00116771 full coverage you don't see inside an
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00395-00116772-00117095 image a white plain area if that is the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00396-00117096-00117299 case it is called an error
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00397-00117300-00117702 okay so within the frame every single
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00398-00117703-00118025 inch should be or centimeter one of the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00399-00118026-00118360 smaller sizes should be occupied with
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00400-00118361-00118852 data in here image the data is color
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00401-00118853-00119081 uh so it is continuous such as in the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00402-00119082-00119404 image given Below in image here you do
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00403-00119405-00119893 not have any blank spaces
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00404-00119894-00120527 the pink dotted squares are also data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00405-00120528-00120784 it is continuous or thematic which as I
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00406-00120785-00121001 said rainfall land use land cover these
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00407-00121002-00121354 are the themes thematic maps and the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00408-00121355-00121577 data is being applied across
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00409-00121578-00121786 where each cell denotes a feature type
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00410-00121788-00122104 only one feature type but it denotes the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00411-00122105-00122327 entire thing so here the theme is land
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00412-00122328-00122784 use land cover the cell could be River
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00413-00122785-00123173 or a house or a tree based on the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00414-00123174-00123365 feature which is within the which is the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00415-00123366-00123640 data right the dominant data there are
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00416-00123641-00123977 numerous data formats for grids when we
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00417-00123978-00124271 looked at shape files we saw that it is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00418-00124272-00124810 Dot shp.shpx and then other uh data that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00419-00124811-00125158 supports the vector so it's only one
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00420-00125159-00125363 type of forming but in the one type
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00421-00125364-00125663 there are multiple multiples some
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00422-00125664-00126077 files whereas in raster
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00423-00126078-00126336 there are numerous grid
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00424-00126338-00126616 formats how the grid is stored and how
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00425-00126617-00126802 the locations are stored there are
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00426-00126803-00126983 numerous formats
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00427-00126983-00127336 someone may ask why sir for us or you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00428-00127338-00127577 are numerous formats is one of the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00429-00127578-00127834 limitations it has been discussed is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00430-00127835-00128219 that rasters have bigger size and for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00431-00128220-00128383 the bigger size
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00432-00128383-00128681 with evolution of science and technology
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00433-00128682-00128884 with upgradation of technological
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00434-00128885-00129052 interfaces
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00435-00129053-00129358 there is new
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00436-00129359-00129610 formats that are being discovered or
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00437-00129611-00129952 developed why because they want to cut
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00438-00129953-00130193 the image in a particular fashion to
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00439-00130194-00130378 store it effectively and retrieve it
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00440-00130379-00130684 effectively remember that if it is too
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00441-00130685-00130984 big it is difficult to store and also
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00442-00130985-00131254 difficult to retrieve both are important
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00443-00131255-00131464 for spatial analysis storing and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00444-00131465-00131578 retrieving
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00445-00131579-00131977 so to make that faster there are always
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00446-00131978-00132328 upgradation of the formats and that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00447-00132329-00132616 gives rise to a different or multiple
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00448-00132617-00132940 formats for rasters
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00449-00132941-00133240 people would be happier with the simple
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00450-00133241-00133439 shape file so you don't see much
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00451-00133440-00133775 updation but Rascals yes and that is the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00452-00133776-00134045 same reason why initially you could
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00453-00134046-00134383 store only one two images in a pen drive
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00454-00134384-00134789 a floppy disk may have uh two three and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00455-00134790-00135064 a CD-ROM may have
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00456-00135065-00135395 um you know hundreds of files uh images
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00457-00135396-00135781 whereas now a single pen drive can have
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00458-00135782-00136528 multiple multiple GBS of data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00459-00136529-00136745 so now we have known what is a raster
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00460-00136746-00137128 what is a vector
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00461-00137129-00137327 next we will see what are the key
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00462-00137328-00137452 differences
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00463-00137453-00137831 each object is a pixel in a raso
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00464-00137832-00138089 database and has only one
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00465-00138090-00138313 attribute value
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00466-00138314-00138616 one feature so one feature one attribute
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00467-00138617-00138940 is merged here one data only one data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00468-00138941-00139343 per pixel it's not like rainfall is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00469-00139344-00139601 there or not there's just rainfall which
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00470-00139602-00139877 is one or zero for more rainfall right
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00471-00139878-00140093 so rainfall is the team rainfall is the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00472-00140094-00140297 attribute if it is no rainfall it is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00473-00140298-00140549 zero uh but still our color is given for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00474-00140550-00140747 zero which is white
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00475-00140748-00141154 um and then blue could be painful so has
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00476-00141155-00141461 one attribute value example line type is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00477-00141462-00141827 equals to one is one value uh elevation
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00478-00141828-00142013 is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00479-00142014-00142295 how much the land is elevated from the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00480-00142296-00142528 zero level which is the sea level uh and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00481-00142529-00142859 you could see that 830 meters or feet
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00482-00142860-00143243 depending on the data you have one value
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00483-00143244-00143489 for the pixel you don't have a range for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00484-00143490-00144064 a pixel one pixel only takes one value
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00485-00144065-00144419 however in a vector each object each
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00486-00144420-00144677 object which is represented in a GIS
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00487-00144678-00144977 framework in a vector database can have
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00488-00144978-00145266 multiple attribute values
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00489-00145267-00145721 example a county or a District boundary
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00490-00145722-00146116 has attribute information for area
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00491-00146117-00146393 population demographics and many others
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00492-00146394-00146771 so you don't stop with just the district
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00493-00146772-00147064 name or the village name there are
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00494-00147065-00147377 multiple multiple other data that are
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00495-00147378-00147761 stored as I said there are sub headings
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00496-00147762-00148235 the name could be the predominant column
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00497-00148236-00148451 that is holding it here the district
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00498-00148452-00148781 name and within the district you have
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00499-00148782-00149140 multiple attributes that explain the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00500-00149141-00149357 data further sometimes too many
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00501-00149358-00149609 attributes do not explain but spoil the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00502-00149610-00150028 data so be careful about the size and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00503-00150029-00150359 volume relation to the Quality do not
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00504-00150360-00150539 always think that too much data always
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00505-00150540-00150790 explains better too much also has a lot
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00506-00150791-00151290 of errors and issues
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00507-00151291-00151661 Vector definitions so now we have seen
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00508-00151662-00152033 the raster versus Vector one or the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00509-00152034-00152189 other
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00510-00152190-00152416 things that we should discusses the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00511-00152417-00152651 advantages and limitations and how it
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00512-00152652-00152926 Compares between each other in a raster
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00513-00152927-00153275 the most common data format is the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00514-00153276-00153635 raster because most of the Big Data the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00515-00153636-00153904 data that covers the entire planet comes
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00516-00153905-00154216 as rasters easy to perform mathematical
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00517-00154217-00154540 and overlay operations why because for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00518-00154541-00154823 each location you should have data if
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00519-00154824-00155021 the layer is added it's not like oh I
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00520-00155022-00155278 don't have data how am I going to do
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00521-00155279-00155657 analytical mathematical operations since
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00522-00155658-00155921 always it will have data you will have
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00523-00155922-00156371 to use it as continuous data and that is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00524-00156372-00156583 easier for you to do calculations
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00525-00156584-00156904 suppose you have data gaps you don't
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00526-00156905-00157097 have data for that particular location
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00527-00157098-00157390 you are not able to do a calculation
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00528-00157391-00157757 okay so that thing is removed because we
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00529-00157758-00158002 use a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00530-00158003-00158201 continuous data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00531-00158202-00158651 this data is stored in each pixel and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00532-00158652-00158843 each pixel is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00533-00158844-00158952 together
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00534-00158953-00159166 mixed in this
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00535-00159167-00159976 but as to as an entire Freight
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00536-00159977-00160181 satellite information
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00537-00160182-00160433 which is the information procured from
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00538-00160434-00160781 satellites is easily Incorporated in a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00539-00160782-00160925 raster
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00540-00160926-00161278 the satellite coverage is continuous
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00541-00161279-00161626 and based on that property of raster it
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00542-00161627-00161951 is easily incorporated as a raster data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00543-00161952-00162137 format
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00544-00162138-00162449 it does better represent continuous form
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00545-00162450-00162881 data compared to Vector data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00546-00162882-00163235 and Vector advantages are accurate
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00547-00163236-00163619 position is given so you do not play
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00548-00163620-00163835 around saying that oh somewhere in the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00549-00163836-00164201 pixel there is trees either the dominant
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00550-00164202-00164669 is trees or not however in a vector you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00551-00164670-00164839 can add
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00552-00164840-00165197 multi-dimensionality in the same pixel
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00553-00165198-00165431 okay so for example the pixel is your
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00554-00165432-00165594 land
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00555-00165595-00165647 [Music]
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00556-00165648-00165707 um
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00557-00165708-00166013 holding of a farmer the average land
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00558-00166014-00166390 holding is one hectare so let's say that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00559-00166391-00166654 one hectare is one pixel
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00560-00166655-00166966 the farmer might have some issues with
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00561-00166967-00167290 growing a mono crop in the land let's
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00562-00167291-00167633 say he's not going to grow uh he or she
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00563-00167634-00167926 is not going to grow sugar cane but some
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00564-00167927-00168401 Tomatoes some spinach some banana and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00565-00168402-00168623 um maybe drumstick all these are within
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00566-00168624-00169025 that small piece of plant how will that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00567-00169026-00169213 show in uh
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00568-00169214-00169601 Vector is each plant will have a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00569-00169602-00169871 specific location or a polygon
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00570-00169872-00170128 so it will be a point data or a polygon
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00571-00170129-00170440 data whereas for the raster all of this
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00572-00170441-00170764 is one data the dominant data will be
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00573-00170765-00171190 uploaded as a layer okay for that pixel
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00574-00171191-00171419 so that is what the advantages for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00575-00171420-00171731 Vector it is not continuous however for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00576-00171732-00171964 that particular location it is the best
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00577-00171965-00172228 data available
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00578-00172229-00172457 it is the best for the story in discrete
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00579-00172458-00172643 thematic features example roads
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00580-00172644-00172901 shorelines seabed features think about
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00581-00172902-00173461 this if you are going to do a map of the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00582-00173462-00173795 water bodies ocean and rivers the land
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00583-00173796-00174126 is part right you cannot
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00584-00174127-00174497 just show in a raster the lake alone
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00585-00174498-00174701 without the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00586-00174702-00175121 data boundary from rasters uh so you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00587-00175122-00175475 have land and water however in a vector
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00588-00175476-00175654 you don't need this you can just put a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00589-00175655-00175943 boundary and say this location this
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00590-00175944-00176159 boundary is therefore water and that is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00591-00176160-00176543 where it has uh Less storage it's not
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00592-00176544-00176735 continuous so it doesn't have to put
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00593-00176736-00177028 storage everywhere it is compact data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00594-00177029-00177202 storage requirements is there you don't
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00595-00177203-00177352 need big
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00596-00177353-00177413 um
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00597-00177414-00177688 super computers or storage facilities
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00598-00177689-00177893 can associate unlimited number of
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00599-00177894-00178133 attributes for specific features again
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00600-00178134-00178366 I've said this in the last week for not
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00601-00178367-00178583 unlimited depending on your computer's
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00602-00178584-00178938 Speed and Performance power it will give
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00603-00178939-00179213 some number of columns The Columns are
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00604-00179214-00179495 the sub attributes the raster file
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00605-00179496-00179663 formats as I said there are multiple
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00606-00179664-00179933 there's not only one format
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00607-00179934-00180376 um and uh the the often ones are jpeg if
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00608-00180377-00180935 PNG Sid grid IMG image and you could see
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00609-00180936-00181295 that the icon looks like a gridded box
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00610-00181296-00181571 so you see initially you would see like
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00611-00181572-00181907 it's a bar of chocolate but it's not so
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00612-00181908-00182069 if you look at the bar of chocolate it
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00613-00182070-00182423 has lines and then which are vertical
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00614-00182424-00182681 and horizontal thereby giving rows and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00615-00182682-00182963 columns each each chocolate you can
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00616-00182964-00183190 break as a pixel so that is what you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00617-00183191-00183490 could see here the icon for a raster
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00618-00183491-00183888 data is given as a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00619-00183889-00184457 pixel uh or gridded plant
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00620-00184458-00184697 Erector Set is given is different we've
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00621-00184698-00184883 seen this in the previous lecture
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00622-00184884-00185135 special data raster images elevation
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00623-00185136-00185333 grids any data that is stored in terms
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00624-00185334-00185645 of pixels rather than lines points Etc
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00625-00185646-00185878 again another definition you could see
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00626-00185879-00186257 here that the the river line is not a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00627-00186258-00186485 line but a grid a grid grid which is
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00628-00186486-00186851 linked to each other this is the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00629-00186852-00187343 Columbia sloped model for data sometimes
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00630-00187344-00187613 only sometimes there are tables
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00631-00187614-00187811 associated with the raster and it
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00632-00187812-00188152 depends on the data type the dot grid
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00633-00188153-00188663 dot IMG dot jpeg So based on the format
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00634-00188664-00189101 and the size of the class the size of
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00635-00189102-00189664 the data you will have a extension table
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00636-00189665-00189952 so special data is stored
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00637-00189953-00190325 um in a database and I would like to
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00638-00190326-00190625 stress here that in a jio database you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00639-00190626-00190907 can have vectors and rasters together
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00640-00190908-00191171 it's not like you have to separate your
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00641-00191172-00191566 raster separate your vectors however you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00642-00191567-00191797 can have them all in one working
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00643-00191798-00192107 geodatabase as this is there you have a
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00644-00192108-00192328 geodatabase and you can store it in
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00645-00192329-00192664 normal circumstances I have a folder the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00646-00192665-00192911 folder is GIS data and within the folder
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00647-00192912-00193102 there are subfolders for raster or
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00648-00193103-00193481 rivers and then you have a subfolders
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00649-00193482-00193673 for vectors administrator boundaries
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00650-00193674-00193949 River boundaries Etc
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00651-00193950-00194345 so uh there are both limitations and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00652-00194346-00194669 advantages of using raster and Vector so
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00653-00194670-00194854 we cannot say one is better than the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00654-00194855-00195125 other it depends on your problem
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00655-00195126-00195413 statement and GIS tools that you're
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00656-00195414-00195545 going to use
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00657-00195546-00195947 uh so you can always have all these data
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00658-00195948-00196164 in your database folder mingled together
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00659-00196165-00196463 because GIS when you open it it will
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00660-00196464-00196714 tell you what type of data it is for
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00661-00196715-00196978 example if this is being shown it shows
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00662-00196979-00197333 that this is a polygon uh a line and
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00663-00197334-00197561 then a point and then it also shows that
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00664-00197562-00197783 this is a test
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00665-00197784-00198131 with this I would like to conclude uh
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00666-00198132-00198569 today's lecture uh you would also go
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00667-00198570-00198923 back to these forums and manuals if you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00668-00198924-00199175 have difficulties and questions uh the
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00669-00199176-00199426 links are given here so please use them
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00670-00199427-00199685 as much as possible for updating or
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00671-00199686-00199985 brushing up your qgis skills because
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00672-00199986-00200297 that will you'll be using much in this
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00673-00200298-00200393 course
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00674-00200394-00200597 for this I conclude
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00675-00200598-00200706 thank you
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00676-00200707-00202221 [Music]
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00677-00202222-00202553 [Applause]
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00678-00202554-00202707 [Music]
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00679-00202708-00203666 [Applause]
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00680-00203667-00204235 [Applause]
+uhNFYFK8A6Y-00681-00204236-00204760 [Music]