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+kgZjtpwCqUI-00000-00000065-00000316 hello guys today we will see what is bit
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00001-00000317-00000503 masking and how it is performed by
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00002-00000504-00000641 bitwise Gates
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00003-00000642-00000941 before we directly go to the bit masking
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00004-00000942-00001283 let us see what is masking masking is a
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00005-00001284-00001450 technique in which
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00006-00001451-00001684 we select or remove specific data from
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00007-00001685-00001973 the given data
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00008-00001973-00002242 in the first image we have extrated an
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00009-00002243-00002483 emoji and how much from the given
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00010-00002484-00002567 picture
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00011-00002568-00002957 and we have selected area on the right
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00012-00002958-00003089 side
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00013-00003090-00003359 whereas in the second image we have
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00014-00003360-00003593 removed the Emoji and
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00015-00003594-00003899 the house from the given picture and we
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00016-00003900-00004151 have got the remaining area
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00017-00004152-00004403 as our data
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00018-00004404-00004553 so
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00019-00004554-00004775 similarly bit masking works in the same
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00020-00004776-00004870 fashion
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00021-00004871-00005165 it selects bits clears
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00022-00005166-00005375 or inverts the bits
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00023-00005376-00005747 and in this example we can see that from
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00024-00005748-00006154 Ax lower byte of ax is retained and
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00025-00006155-00006467 higher byte is set to 1.
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00026-00006468-00006719 similarly in the next example we are
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00027-00006720-00007055 clearing the lower bit of a and your
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00028-00007056-00007360 byte of a and in the last example we are
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00029-00007361-00007895 inverting the lower byte of a
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00030-00007895-00008146 bit masking can be performed by
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00031-00008147-00008501 bit wise gate operations such as big bit
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00032-00008502-00008789 wise and bitwise are are bitwise absor
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00033-00008790-00009053 operation
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00034-00009054-00009449 in or masking you need a new register as
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00035-00009450-00009724 a mask its values are based on the
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00036-00009725-00009953 requirement of your problem for example
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00037-00009954-00010246 in case of or masking if you wish to
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00038-00010247-00010523 retain lower byte of ax and hide the
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00039-00010524-00010817 higher byte we just have a mask which
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00040-00010818-00011171 has once on the higher byte and zeros on
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00041-00011172-00011363 the lower byte
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00042-00011364-00011687 after performing the r operation on VX
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00043-00011688-00012023 and ax we get the lower byte of ax into
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00044-00012024-00012178 the lower byte of
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00045-00012179-00012496 BX whereas the higher byte of ax into
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00046-00012497-00013024 the set to the maximum
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00047-00013025-00013283 in either and masking if we wish to
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00048-00013284-00013535 clean the lower byte of ax and retain
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00049-00013536-00013835 the higher byte we just have a mask
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00050-00013836-00014183 which has once on the higher byte and
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00051-00014184-00014458 zeros on the lower byte after performing
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00052-00014459-00014597 The N operation
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00053-00014597-00014951 on VX and ax we get higher byte of ax
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00054-00014952-00015358 into the higher by term into the
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00055-00015359-00015743 hybrid of BX whereas the lower byte of
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00056-00015744-00016253 BX is set to 0.
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00057-00016254-00016463 in case of Zorb masking if you wish to
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00058-00016464-00016757 invert the lower byte of ax and retain
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00059-00016758-00016979 the higher byte we just have a mask
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00060-00016980-00017279 which has once on the higher byte and
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00061-00017280-00017435 zeros on the lower
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00062-00017436-00017867 after performing end operation on the BX
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00063-00017868-00018179 and ax we have higher byte of ax into
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00064-00018180-00018269 the
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00065-00018270-00018575 higher byte of BX whereas the lower byte
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00066-00018576-00018958 of BX is inverted and we have just
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00067-00018959-00019271 invert of lower byte of ax into the
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00068-00019272-00019799 lower bet of b x
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00069-00019800-00020014 so we start from the activities
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00070-00020015-00020243 so in this activity the problem is to
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00071-00020244-00020519 swap individual pair of bits with each
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00072-00020520-00020621 other
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00073-00020622-00021191 this way
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00074-00021192-00021527 so what is the solution of this it is it
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00075-00021528-00021707 is not being done by a ship today
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00076-00021708-00022085 operations because it is saving the
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00077-00022086-00022414 individual bits so therefore
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00078-00022415-00022678 to solve this activity we first separate
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00079-00022679-00023128 the bits at odd indexes and the bits at
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00080-00023129-00023711 the even indexes so and masking so
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00081-00023712-00024053 this is done by masking at 1010 dashes
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00082-00024054-00024400 through all the locations of o
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00083-00024401-00024730 when we end it with ax it will copy all
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00084-00024731-00025330 values of ax to the order that is of BX
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00085-00025331-00025571 similarly for the values of even indices
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00086-00025572-00025840 we mask 0 1 0 1
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00087-00025841-00026128 throughout all the locations of E
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00088-00026129-00026266 and we have
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00089-00026267-00026399 [Music]
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00090-00026400-00026814 to end it with a and we get the
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00091-00026816-00027240 all values of the even indices
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00092-00027241-00027743 copied at the index of E
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00093-00027744-00027899 no
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00094-00027900-00028217 we have separated
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00095-00028218-00028535 the bits of ax add odd and even an
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00096-00028536-00028768 indices in Step One
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00097-00028769-00029008 and now Step 2 is to
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00098-00029010-00029351 swap them by Shifting the values
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00099-00029352-00029614 and even it assists to order place and
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00100-00029616-00029914 values at or indices to even place
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00101-00029916-00030179 so lastly we use the bitwise or
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00102-00030180-00030568 operation for merging both E and O
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00103-00030569-00030743 in these simple steps we can perform
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00104-00030744-00030996 stepping a bit at
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00105-00030997-00031481 each other
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00106-00031482-00031727 so actually two
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00107-00031727-00031931 this activity is similar to similar to
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00108-00031932-00032152 Activity one we have to snap the two
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00109-00032154-00032608 adjacent bits together
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00110-00032610-00032771 in this way
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00111-00032772-00033107 to solve it we only change the mask to
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00112-00033108-00033377 select two bits of both
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00113-00033378-00033665 o and E
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00114-00033666-00034061 this way 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 and so on
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00115-00034062-00034445 and for the E we have 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00116-00034446-00034673 1 and so on
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00117-00034674-00035068 and then we shift them by two bytes
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00118-00035069-00035411 because we have to slap the two bits so
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00119-00035412-00035735 we will shift o and e to the left and
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00120-00035736-00036162 right as in Activity one by two bits so
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00121-00036163-00036574 in this way we will perform the activity
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00122-00036575-00036809 too the other position is same as active
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00123-00036810-00037187 one
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00124-00037188-00037433 Activity 3 is also similar to active one
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00125-00037434-00037577 and two
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00126-00037578-00037846 we just have to slap four adjacent bit
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00127-00037847-00037990 together
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00128-00037991-00038207 like this
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00129-00038208-00038518 to solve it we change the mask to select
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00130-00038519-00038855 four bits for both o and E and shift
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00131-00038856-00039221 both o and E by 4.
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00132-00039222-00039599 other procedure is same as activity 1.
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00133-00039600-00039802 thanks for watching
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00134-00039803-00040133 and hope you have enjoyed our content
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00135-00040134-00040330 and for more demonstrations
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00136-00040331-00040577 please see our Channel and also
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00137-00040578-00040912 subscribe for upcoming exciting topics
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00138-00040913-00041051 in future
+kgZjtpwCqUI-00139-00041052-00041324 thank you
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00000-00000674-00000899 there's nothing left in your parts to
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00001-00000900-00001166 hold you hostage now your past is where
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00002-00001167-00001466 it belongs behind you are ready to turn
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00003-00001467-00001646 to the future we're going to do three
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00004-00001647-00001967 main exercises in this module I'll start
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00005-00001968-00002134 by examining what you're good at your
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00006-00002135-00002368 strengths and what you are less glad
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00007-00002369-00002650 your weaknesses well also examine the
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00008-00002651-00002864 real opportunities you have and the
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00009-00002865-00003100 potential threats to what you want to
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00010-00003101-00003353 accomplish you've probably recognized
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00011-00003354-00003545 this exercise already it's a SWOT
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00012-00003546-00003790 analysis this is a very important step
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00013-00003792-00004022 in turning your vague aspirations into
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00014-00004022-00004334 concrete realizable goals without doing
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00015-00004335-00004526 this you may find something jeopardizes
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00016-00004527-00004742 your good intentions or you may need to
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00017-00004743-00004958 develop a particular skill or gain
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00018-00004959-00005161 knowledge though you'll need after this
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00019-00005162-00005368 I'll introduce you to the rocket ship
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00020-00005369-00005600 for life before we write our goals down
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00021-00005601-00005759 we need to make sure that you have the
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00022-00005760-00006088 balance you want in life I'm sure that
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00023-00006089-00006295 as you reflected on the recent years in
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00024-00006296-00006559 the previous module that you noticed
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00025-00006561-00006781 something was out of kilter some aspects
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00026-00006783-00006898 of your life wasn't getting enough
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00027-00006900-00007208 attention lost another part usually work
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00028-00007209-00007502 steals all the time in this exercise
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00029-00007503-00007789 you'll prepare for this and plan it into
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00030-00007790-00007994 your goal setting thirdly will write
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00031-00007995-00008224 your goals down and by that I mean you
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00032-00008225-00008419 are going to write your goals down
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00033-00008420-00008699 there's a real power in writing down
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00034-00008700-00008909 your goals rather than leave them
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00035-00008910-00009095 rattling around your head if you're
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00036-00009096-00009299 going to make them happen writing down
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00037-00009300-00009566 your goals forces you to clarify what he
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00038-00009567-00009758 want when you go somewhere whether a
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00039-00009759-00009902 holiday or just a drive to the
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00040-00009903-00010109 countryside or the beach do you just get
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00041-00010110-00010337 in the car and choose roads at random no
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00042-00010338-00010553 you started by deciding on your
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00043-00010554-00010766 destination and considered how to get
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00044-00010767-00010934 there what you would need to take with
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00045-00010935-00011134 you how long and so on and so forth
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00046-00011135-00011389 writing down your goals will help you
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00047-00011390-00011699 choose something specific and what you
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00048-00011700-00012098 want it motivates you to action please
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00049-00012099-00012266 don't go forward by that popular book
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00050-00012267-00012533 the secret by rhonda byrne it's not
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00051-00012534-00012654 enough to think
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00052-00012655-00012866 put them out into the universe and
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00053-00012868-00013131 magically they will happen to you sure
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00054-00013132-00013443 God can and does gift you with things
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00055-00013444-00013731 accomplished I require no effort on your
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00056-00013732-00014001 part but I know that you want to be able
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00057-00014002-00014229 to execute the plans yourself I found
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00058-00014230-00014447 that by writing down my goals and that's
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00059-00014449-00014652 able to review them regularly helps
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00060-00014653-00014865 prompt me on the next most important
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00061-00014866-00015147 action you get to filter opportunities
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00062-00015147-00015378 as you become more successful you will
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00063-00015379-00015618 get more opportunities it's a simple
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00064-00015619-00015837 fact of life the most successful someone
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00065-00015838-00016083 is the more new opportunities happen
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00066-00016084-00016371 along but which ones should you pursue a
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00067-00016372-00016575 well-written goal will help you filter
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00068-00016576-00016854 those which support your goals and those
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00069-00016855-00017112 which might simply distract you it will
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00070-00017113-00017364 help you overcome resistance you get
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00071-00017365-00017652 what you focus on do you procrastinate
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00072-00017653-00017898 do you distract yourself with other of
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00073-00017899-00018066 fun things that give you instant
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00074-00018067-00018276 gratification rather than the hard work
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00075-00018277-00018603 of doing your goal it is going to be
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00076-00018604-00018840 resistance and most of it will be from
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00077-00018841-00019110 you not from other people or the world
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00078-00019111-00019407 you if there is no resistance your God
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00079-00019408-00019536 is probably not going to be that
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00080-00019537-00019743 meaningful having a well-written goal
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00081-00019744-00019992 that you can review easily enables you
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00082-00019993-00020310 to keep focus that's what I'm going to
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00083-00020311-00020667 achieve and that's what I'm going to get
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00084-00020668-00020919 when this is done it reminds you that
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00085-00020920-00021150 the instant gratification you seek now
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00086-00021151-00021534 is worth not getting the long term
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00087-00021535-00021738 gratification from your goal and you'll
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00088-00021739-00021990 be able to see and measure and celebrate
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00089-00021991-00022236 your success remember when I shared with
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00090-00022237-00022469 you about your happy chemicals you get
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00091-00022470-00022692 more dopamine triggered as you make
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00092-00022693-00022950 progress towards your goals that you
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00093-00022951-00023217 have to be able to see and measure that
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00094-00023218-00023454 you are making progress every mile under
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00095-00023455-00023631 your belt is a mild closer to your
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00096-00023632-00023844 destination and celebrate when you hit
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00097-00023845-00024096 those significant milestones your brain
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00098-00024097-00024342 loves to celebrate it makes your whole
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00099-00024343-00024569 body feel good when you celebrate of
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00100-00024570-00024687 course that doesn't mean a bucket of
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00101-00024688-00024858 champagne in celebration which counters
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00102-00024859-00025065 the effect of always happy chemicals let
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00103-00025066-00025167 alone what
+kiYLVmqjXm0-00104-00025168-00025652 due to your liver now celebrate with joy
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00000-00000035-00000196 foreign
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00001-00000197-00000815 [Music]
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00002-00000816-00001000 it had been a while since the great
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00003-00001001-00001241 Tournament of power which had endangered
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00004-00001242-00001433 the existence of Aid of the universes
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00005-00001434-00001643 thanks to the Z Fighters with their
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00006-00001644-00001864 almost perfect teamwork they were able
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00007-00001866-00002081 to win the tournament of power in the
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00008-00002082-00002302 end all the universes that were erased
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00009-00002303-00002896 were brought back with a single wish
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00010-00002897-00003959 [Music]
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00011-00003960-00006011 [Music]
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00012-00006012-00006265 [Music]
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00013-00006266-00006563 months after that event the gods had a
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00014-00006564-00006796 meeting something that they only do in
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00015-00006797-00007025 situations of great importance and after
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00016-00007026-00007228 the almost permanent eraser of eight
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00017-00007229-00007510 universes this was definitely it
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00018-00007511-00007763 seeing how much influence Son Goku has
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00019-00007764-00008039 on the decisions made by Xeno Sama they
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00020-00008040-00008255 came to the conclusion that Son Goku
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00021-00008256-00008374 Must Die
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00022-00008375-00008585 someone who makes senseless decisions
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00023-00008586-00008801 all just because he wants to fight was
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00024-00008802-00008951 something that the gods could not
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00025-00008952-00009124 continue to allow
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00026-00009125-00009424 quintella would tell the others Son Goku
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00027-00009425-00009623 is a threat to the existence of all the
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00028-00009624-00009856 universes we've all seen how trusting
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00029-00009857-00010174 xenosama is of him if Son Goku asks for
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00030-00010175-00010481 another tournament xenosama would listen
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00031-00010482-00010691 Champa would say get to the point
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00032-00010692-00010937 quintella you're not suggesting that we
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00033-00010938-00011123 should kill him if that's what you're
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00034-00011124-00011381 implying count me out I don't feel like
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00035-00011382-00011513 dying today
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00036-00011514-00011819 you sound scared said Vermont Champa
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00037-00011820-00012017 then replied me
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00038-00012018-00012287 scared of a lonely mortal don't be silly
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00039-00012288-00012503 the person who I'm afraid of is the king
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00040-00012504-00012910 of all Zeno sama Enough Said quintilla
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00041-00012911-00013175 Yes I want him dead but it can't be us
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00042-00013176-00013379 who kill him immediately the grand
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00043-00013380-00013594 priest and Zen Osama would know that we
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00044-00013595-00013775 had a hand in it and we don't want that
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00045-00013776-00014021 so everyone has to believe he died of
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00046-00014022-00014194 natural causes
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00047-00014195-00014471 what do you have in mind said Vermont a
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00048-00014472-00014686 while back I went to see beerus in hopes
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00049-00014687-00014903 of finding out the secret to Universe 7
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00050-00014904-00015022 strength
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00051-00015023-00015238 we all saw it in the tournament of power
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00052-00015240-00015491 time and time again they kept breaking
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00053-00015491-00015665 their limits and reaching New Heights
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00054-00015666-00015875 something like that couldn't be achieved
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00055-00015876-00016049 through the means of regular training
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00056-00016050-00016313 especially in such a short time
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00057-00016313-00016547 after talking with beerus and listening
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00058-00016548-00016739 to him going on and on about Earth's
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00059-00016740-00016985 so-called delicious food he mentioned a
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00060-00016986-00017158 place where someone can get 10 years
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00061-00017159-00017453 worth of training in just 10 days
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00062-00017454-00017800 Sidra shouts impossible it's true said
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00063-00017801-00018089 Champa I remember hearing vados talking
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00064-00018090-00018347 about it with wheeze let him finish said
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00065-00018348-00018647 Vermont as I was saying this place does
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00066-00018648-00018833 exist he said it was a different
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00067-00018834-00019055 dimension of some kind while talking
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00068-00019056-00019217 about it he mentioned something that
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00069-00019218-00019444 piqued my interest he said that there is
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00070-00019445-00019661 only one portal that passes from one
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00071-00019662-00019858 side to another and if that entrance was
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00072-00019859-00020093 to be destroyed whoever was in there at
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00073-00020094-00020267 the time will be sealed away for
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00074-00020268-00020363 eternity
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00075-00020364-00020614 the gods can only look on in shock as
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00076-00020615-00020849 they didn't know such a place existed
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00077-00020850-00021064 your plan is to lock him away in that
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00078-00021065-00021244 place said hellis
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00079-00021245-00021527 with an evil smile quintella responded
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00080-00021528-00021814 Yes if we can get him to go there then
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00081-00021815-00022013 it would be a perfect opportunity to
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00082-00022014-00022133 lock him up
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00083-00022134-00022421 for the first time every game talks how
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00084-00022422-00022621 can we get him to enter such a place
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00085-00022622-00022949 rumshi then responded well Son Goku
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00086-00022950-00023164 loves to fight right how about you
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00087-00023165-00023375 challenge him quintella he knows a
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00088-00023376-00023567 battle between Gods will destroy the
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00089-00023568-00023789 Earth that will be your opportunity to
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00090-00023790-00023957 ask him if there is a place that is
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00091-00023958-00024208 strong enough to contain such Force
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00092-00024209-00024514 brilliant said quintella yes that's
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00093-00024515-00024761 exactly what I will do the gods thought
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00094-00024762-00024935 that it was a brilliant and excellent
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00095-00024936-00025186 idea so everyone entrusted this to
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00096-00025187-00025492 quintella before departing quitella
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00097-00025493-00025727 stated do not mention a single word of
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00098-00025727-00025943 this to beerus we've all seen how
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00099-00025944-00026152 attached he is with these mortals we
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00100-00026154-00026314 can't afford for him to get in the way
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00101-00026316-00026681 or far worse tell Zeno sama the gods all
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00102-00026682-00026867 agreed and they all head back to their
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00103-00026868-00027052 respective universes
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00104-00027054-00027281 a few days have passed and we can see
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00105-00027282-00027496 quintella on his way to Earth upon
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00106-00027497-00027695 arriving he immediately sends his son
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00107-00027695-00027845 Goku's key
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00108-00027845-00028120 he then said to himself I can feel son
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00109-00028122-00028349 Goku's key to the north it looks like
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00110-00028350-00028624 Vegeta is there with him what a pain
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00111-00028625-00028883 at godspeed quintella rushed off in that
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00112-00028883-00029135 direction after a few seconds he stopped
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00113-00029136-00029405 and said their key it vanished
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00114-00029406-00029651 while looking up he saw something like a
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00115-00029652-00029861 building hovering in the sky
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00116-00029862-00030118 from a distance he saw an angry Vegeta
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00117-00030119-00030352 fly off in the opposite direction
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00118-00030354-00030643 upon arriving he ran into dende outside
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00119-00030644-00030935 with a smile on his face quitella said
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00120-00030936-00031295 my good sir where can I find Son Goku
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00121-00031295-00031499 I've sensed them somewhere around here
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00122-00031500-00031739 but their key seems to vanish
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00123-00031739-00032002 recognizes a God of destruction when he
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00124-00032004-00032296 sees one dende starts to tremble in fear
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00125-00032297-00032651 he then replies my Lord Son Goku is
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00126-00032652-00032921 training inside Vegeta left a moment ago
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00127-00032922-00033107 saying he'll be back
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00128-00033108-00033424 curious quintella ask if I may ask what
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00129-00033425-00033659 is this place you said Son Goku is
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00130-00033660-00033874 inside but I can't seem to sense him at
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00131-00033875-00033965 all
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00132-00033966-00034312 dende responds my Lord this place is
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00133-00034313-00034577 called the hyperbolic Time Chamber the
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00134-00034578-00034787 Saiyans come here from time to time when
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00135-00034788-00034967 they want to get a lot of training done
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00136-00034968-00035171 in a short period of time
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00137-00035172-00035429 with an inside voice quintella talks to
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00138-00035430-00035740 himself yes I've struck gold he's
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00139-00035741-00035968 already inside I don't have to fight him
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00140-00035969-00036083 after all
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00141-00036084-00036335 after confirming that this is indeed the
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00142-00036336-00036527 place beerus had mentioned he would
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00143-00036528-00036718 destroy the entrance to the room of time
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00144-00036719-00036989 with a blast of energy making the small
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00145-00036990-00037207 point that interconnected them disappear
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00146-00037208-00037481 Goku would not notice as he was far away
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00147-00037482-00037624 from the entrance
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00148-00037625-00037871 on the outside dende was shocked to see
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00149-00037872-00038146 what quitella had done he then said what
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00150-00038147-00038362 have you done that was the only way in
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00151-00038363-00038585 and out he will die in there
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00152-00038586-00038785 feeling pleased with what he had done
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00153-00038786-00039059 quintella responded Yes
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00154-00039060-00039317 I know and now it's time for you to join
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00155-00039318-00039545 the same Faith only you will get yours
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00156-00039546-00039821 much sooner that's it for today's video
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00157-00039822-00040061 guys don't forget to like And subscribe
+kl_ZiVG7SOQ-00158-00040062-00040424 I'll see you in part two
+klIr7qbZLB4-00000-00000019-00000289 like humans and other animals fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00001-00000290-00000580 suffer from diseases and parasites fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00002-00000581-00000800 defenses against disease are specific
+klIr7qbZLB4-00003-00000801-00001082 and nonspecific nonspecific defenses
+klIr7qbZLB4-00004-00001083-00001307 include skin and scales as well as the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00005-00001308-00001514 mucus layer secreted by the epidermis
+klIr7qbZLB4-00006-00001515-00001739 that traps microorganisms and inhibits
+klIr7qbZLB4-00007-00001739-00001810 their growth
+klIr7qbZLB4-00008-00001811-00002096 if pathogens breach these defenses fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00009-00002097-00002321 can develop inflammatory responses that
+klIr7qbZLB4-00010-00002322-00002516 increase the flow of blood to infected
+klIr7qbZLB4-00011-00002517-00002717 areas and deliver white blood cells that
+klIr7qbZLB4-00012-00002718-00002962 attempt to destroy the pathogens
+klIr7qbZLB4-00013-00002963-00003197 specific defenses are specialized
+klIr7qbZLB4-00014-00003198-00003413 responses to particular pathogens
+klIr7qbZLB4-00015-00003414-00003626 recognized by the fish's body that has
+klIr7qbZLB4-00016-00003627-00003922 adapted of immune responses in recent
+klIr7qbZLB4-00017-00003923-00004118 years vaccines have become widely used
+klIr7qbZLB4-00018-00004119-00004367 in aquaculture and ornamental fish for
+klIr7qbZLB4-00019-00004368-00004595 example vaccines for fur ankylosis in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00020-00004596-00004826 farmed salmon and koi herpes virus in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00021-00004827-00005009 koi some commercially important fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00022-00005010-00005815 diseases are VHS it can whirling disease
+klIr7qbZLB4-00023-00005816-00006325 topic disease
+klIr7qbZLB4-00024-00006326-00006603 all fish carry pathogens and parasites
+klIr7qbZLB4-00025-00006604-00006856 usually this is at some cost to the fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00026-00006856-00007110 if the cost is sufficiently high then
+klIr7qbZLB4-00027-00007111-00007291 the impacts can be characterized as a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00028-00007292-00007591 disease however disease in fish is not
+klIr7qbZLB4-00029-00007592-00007828 understood well what is known about fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00030-00007829-00008049 disease often relates to aquaria fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00031-00008050-00008392 and more recently to farmed fish disease
+klIr7qbZLB4-00032-00008393-00008563 is a prime agent affecting fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00033-00008564-00008805 mortality especially when fish are young
+klIr7qbZLB4-00034-00008806-00009094 fish can limit the impacts of pathogens
+klIr7qbZLB4-00035-00009095-00009277 and parasites with behavioral or
+klIr7qbZLB4-00036-00009278-00009487 biochemical means and such fish of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00037-00009488-00009760 reproductive advantages interacting
+klIr7qbZLB4-00038-00009761-00009952 factors result in low-grade infection
+klIr7qbZLB4-00039-00009953-00010239 becoming fatal diseases in particular
+klIr7qbZLB4-00040-00010240-00010416 things that causes stress such as
+klIr7qbZLB4-00041-00010417-00010596 natural droughts or pollution or
+klIr7qbZLB4-00042-00010597-00010807 predators can precipitate outbreak of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00043-00010808-00011044 disease disease can also be particularly
+klIr7qbZLB4-00044-00011045-00011251 problematic when pathogens and parasites
+klIr7qbZLB4-00045-00011252-00011485 carried by introduced species affect
+klIr7qbZLB4-00046-00011486-00011788 native species an introduced species may
+klIr7qbZLB4-00047-00011789-00011985 find invading easier if potential
+klIr7qbZLB4-00048-00011986-00012144 predators and competitors have been
+klIr7qbZLB4-00049-00012145-00012394 decimated by disease pathogens which can
+klIr7qbZLB4-00050-00012395-00012688 cause fish diseases comprise viral
+klIr7qbZLB4-00051-00012689-00012868 infections such as associate
+klIr7qbZLB4-00052-00012869-00013161 lymphosarcoma found in e6 species
+klIr7qbZLB4-00053-00013162-00013444 bacterial infections such as Pseudomonas
+klIr7qbZLB4-00054-00013444-00013657 fluorescens leading to fin rot and fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00055-00013658-00014068 dropsy fungal infections water mold
+klIr7qbZLB4-00056-00014069-00014444 infections such as Supra Lenya SP
+klIr7qbZLB4-00057-00014445-00014786 metazoan parasites such as ko pods
+klIr7qbZLB4-00058-00014787-00015066 unicellular parasites such as egg d
+klIr7qbZLB4-00059-00015068-00015269 after Ria's multi Feelies leading to
+klIr7qbZLB4-00060-00015270-00015522 certain parasites like helmets for
+klIr7qbZLB4-00061-00015523-00016086 example you strong guy lines
+klIr7qbZLB4-00062-00016087-00016611 topic parasites
+klIr7qbZLB4-00063-00016612-00016878 parasites in fish are a common natural
+klIr7qbZLB4-00064-00016879-00017083 occurrence parasites can provide
+klIr7qbZLB4-00065-00017084-00017280 information about host population
+klIr7qbZLB4-00066-00017281-00017558 ecology in fisheries biology for example
+klIr7qbZLB4-00067-00017559-00017784 parasite communities can be used to
+klIr7qbZLB4-00068-00017785-00017989 distinguish distinct populations of the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00069-00017990-00018252 same fish species Co inhabiting a region
+klIr7qbZLB4-00070-00018253-00018489 additionally parasites possess a variety
+klIr7qbZLB4-00071-00018490-00018703 of specialized traits and life history
+klIr7qbZLB4-00072-00018704-00018919 strategies that enable them to colonize
+klIr7qbZLB4-00073-00018920-00019212 hosts understanding these aspects of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00074-00019213-00019434 parasite ecology of interest in their
+klIr7qbZLB4-00075-00019435-00019611 own right can eliminate parasite
+klIr7qbZLB4-00076-00019612-00019902 avoidance strategies employed by hosts
+klIr7qbZLB4-00077-00019903-00020187 usually parasites and pathogens need to
+klIr7qbZLB4-00078-00020188-00020394 avoid killing their hosts since extinct
+klIr7qbZLB4-00079-00020395-00020618 hosts can mean extinct parasites
+klIr7qbZLB4-00080-00020619-00020868 evolutionary constraints may operate so
+klIr7qbZLB4-00081-00020869-00021081 parasites avoid killing their hosts or
+klIr7qbZLB4-00082-00021082-00021264 the natural variability in hosts
+klIr7qbZLB4-00083-00021265-00021492 defensive strategies may suffice to keep
+klIr7qbZLB4-00084-00021493-00021768 host populations viable parasite
+klIr7qbZLB4-00085-00021769-00021945 infections can impair the courtship
+klIr7qbZLB4-00086-00021946-00022131 dance of male three-spined sticklebacks
+klIr7qbZLB4-00087-00022132-00022383 when that happens the females reject
+klIr7qbZLB4-00088-00022384-00022593 them suggesting a strong mechanism for
+klIr7qbZLB4-00089-00022594-00022783 the selection of parasite resistance
+klIr7qbZLB4-00090-00022784-00023011 however not all parasites want to keep
+klIr7qbZLB4-00091-00023012-00023152 their hosts to live and there are
+klIr7qbZLB4-00092-00023153-00023367 parasites with multistage life cycles
+klIr7qbZLB4-00093-00023368-00023517 who go to some trouble to kill their
+klIr7qbZLB4-00094-00023518-00023805 hosts for example some tapeworms make
+klIr7qbZLB4-00095-00023806-00023989 some fish behave in such a way that a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00096-00023990-00024225 predatory bird can catch it the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00097-00024226-00024442 predatory bird is the next host for the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00098-00024443-00024618 parasite in the next stage of its life
+klIr7qbZLB4-00099-00024619-00024725 cycle
+klIr7qbZLB4-00100-00024726-00024964 specifically the tapeworm cysts Assefa
+klIr7qbZLB4-00101-00024965-00025177 liz solidus turns infected three-spined
+klIr7qbZLB4-00102-00025178-00025359 stickleback white and then makes them
+klIr7qbZLB4-00103-00025360-00025539 more buoyant so that they splash along
+klIr7qbZLB4-00104-00025540-00025711 at the surface of the water becoming
+klIr7qbZLB4-00105-00025712-00025912 easy to see and easy to catch for a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00106-00025913-00026131 passing bird parasites can be internal
+klIr7qbZLB4-00107-00026132-00026406 endoparasites or external ectoparasites
+klIr7qbZLB4-00108-00026407-00026664 some internal fish parasites are
+klIr7qbZLB4-00109-00026665-00026862 spectacular such as the full metric
+klIr7qbZLB4-00110-00026863-00027090 nematode flow Metro fasciae T which is
+klIr7qbZLB4-00111-00027091-00027289 parasitic in the ovary of female
+klIr7qbZLB4-00112-00027289-00027477 blacktip grouper the adult female
+klIr7qbZLB4-00113-00027478-00027676 parasite is a red worm which can reach
+klIr7qbZLB4-00114-00027677-00027877 up to 40 centimeters in length for a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00115-00027877-00028062 diameter of only one point six
+klIr7qbZLB4-00116-00028063-00028320 millimeters the males are tiny other
+klIr7qbZLB4-00117-00028321-00028533 internal parasites are found living
+klIr7qbZLB4-00118-00028534-00028789 inside fish gills include insisted adult
+klIr7qbZLB4-00119-00028789-00029011 didymo Zoid tremie toads a few Trico
+klIr7qbZLB4-00120-00029012-00029199 Samoyed nematodes of the genus Hutt
+klIr7qbZLB4-00121-00029200-00029427 Manila including Huff Manila Aussie Cola
+klIr7qbZLB4-00122-00029428-00029608 which lives within the gill bone and the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00123-00029608-00029818 insisted parasitic turbot Larian para
+klIr7qbZLB4-00124-00029819-00029898 vortex
+klIr7qbZLB4-00125-00029899-00030156 various protists in mixers pouria are
+klIr7qbZLB4-00126-00030157-00030378 also parasitic on gills where they form
+klIr7qbZLB4-00127-00030379-00030702 cysts fish gills are also the preferred
+klIr7qbZLB4-00128-00030703-00030912 habitat of many external parasites
+klIr7qbZLB4-00129-00030913-00031135 attach to the gill but living out of it
+klIr7qbZLB4-00130-00031136-00031386 the most common are mono Jeanine's and
+klIr7qbZLB4-00131-00031387-00031578 certain groups of parasitic KO pods
+klIr7qbZLB4-00132-00031579-00031848 which can be extremely numerous other
+klIr7qbZLB4-00133-00031849-00032073 external parasites found on gills are
+klIr7qbZLB4-00134-00032074-00032292 leeches and in seawater larvae of may
+klIr7qbZLB4-00135-00032293-00032616 thea Tysoe pods isopod fish parasites
+klIr7qbZLB4-00136-00032617-00032802 are mostly external and feed on blood
+klIr7qbZLB4-00137-00032803-00033042 the larvae of the nee theity family and
+klIr7qbZLB4-00138-00033043-00033225 adults employed aids have piercing and
+klIr7qbZLB4-00139-00033226-00033402 sucking mouthparts and clawed limbs
+klIr7qbZLB4-00140-00033403-00033617 adapted for clinging on to their hosts
+klIr7qbZLB4-00141-00033618-00033942 samatha execute as a parasite of various
+klIr7qbZLB4-00142-00033943-00034179 marine fish it causes the tongue of the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00143-00034180-00034398 fish to atrophy and takes its place in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00144-00034399-00034521 what is believed to be the first
+klIr7qbZLB4-00145-00034522-00034710 instance discovered of a parasite
+klIr7qbZLB4-00146-00034711-00034929 functionally replacing a host structure
+klIr7qbZLB4-00147-00034930-00035142 in animals other parasitic disorders
+klIr7qbZLB4-00148-00035143-00035388 include gyro dactyl as Salieri's ik the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00149-00035389-00035574 auth theory as multi feelings crypto
+klIr7qbZLB4-00150-00035575-00035787 carry on velvet disease Brooklyn Ella
+klIr7qbZLB4-00151-00035788-00035952 hostilius hole in the head
+klIr7qbZLB4-00152-00035953-00036189 glue juh sera Tony Hsieh Shasta Kudo at
+klIr7qbZLB4-00153-00036190-00036390 their sites tetra capsular DS Briah
+klIr7qbZLB4-00154-00036391-00036645 cemani samantha exiguous leeches
+klIr7qbZLB4-00155-00036646-00036906 nematode flukes carp lice and salmon
+klIr7qbZLB4-00156-00036907-00037206 lice although parasites are generally
+klIr7qbZLB4-00157-00037207-00037413 considered to be harmful the eradication
+klIr7qbZLB4-00158-00037414-00037585 of all parasites would not necessarily
+klIr7qbZLB4-00159-00037586-00037926 be beneficial parasites account for as
+klIr7qbZLB4-00160-00037927-00038082 much as or more than half of life's
+klIr7qbZLB4-00161-00038083-00038283 diversity they perform an important
+klIr7qbZLB4-00162-00038284-00038514 ecological role by weakening pray that
+klIr7qbZLB4-00163-00038515-00038718 ecosystems would take some time to adapt
+klIr7qbZLB4-00164-00038719-00038952 to and without parasites organisms may
+klIr7qbZLB4-00165-00038953-00039153 eventually tend to asexual reproduction
+klIr7qbZLB4-00166-00039154-00039378 diminishing the diversity of sexually
+klIr7qbZLB4-00167-00039379-00039702 dimorphic traits parasites provide an
+klIr7qbZLB4-00168-00039703-00039882 opportunity for the transfer of genetic
+klIr7qbZLB4-00169-00039883-00040224 material between species unware but
+klIr7qbZLB4-00170-00040225-00040398 significant occasions this may
+klIr7qbZLB4-00171-00040399-00040620 facilitate evolutionary changes that
+klIr7qbZLB4-00172-00040621-00040791 would not otherwise occur or that would
+klIr7qbZLB4-00173-00040792-00041055 otherwise take even longer below are
+klIr7qbZLB4-00174-00041056-00041662 some life cycles of fish parasites
+klIr7qbZLB4-00175-00041663-00042009 topic cleaner fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00176-00042010-00042192 you
+klIr7qbZLB4-00177-00042193-00042453 some fish take advantage of cleaner fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00178-00042454-00042649 for the removal of external parasites
+klIr7qbZLB4-00179-00042650-00042893 the best-known of these are the blue
+klIr7qbZLB4-00180-00042894-00043095 street cleaner wrasses of the genus lib
+klIr7qbZLB4-00181-00043096-00043260 rhodes found on coral reefs in the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00182-00043261-00043530 Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean these
+klIr7qbZLB4-00183-00043531-00043773 small fish maintain so-called cleaning
+klIr7qbZLB4-00184-00043774-00044073 stations where other fish known as hosts
+klIr7qbZLB4-00185-00044074-00044277 will congregate and perform specific
+klIr7qbZLB4-00186-00044278-00044445 movements to attract the attention of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00187-00044446-00044718 the cleaner fish cleaning behaviors have
+klIr7qbZLB4-00188-00044719-00044895 been observed in a number of other fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00189-00044896-00045090 groups including an interesting case
+klIr7qbZLB4-00190-00045091-00045290 between two cichlids of the same genus
+klIr7qbZLB4-00191-00045291-00045573 etro plus maculatus the cleaner fish and
+klIr7qbZLB4-00192-00045574-00045783 the much larger Etro plus sura tensest
+klIr7qbZLB4-00193-00045784-00045977 the host more than 40 species of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00194-00045978-00046185 parasites may reside on the skin and
+klIr7qbZLB4-00195-00046186-00046323 internally of the ocean sunfish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00196-00046324-00046554 motivating the fish to seek relief in a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00197-00046555-00046842 number of ways in temperate regions
+klIr7qbZLB4-00198-00046843-00047034 drifting kelp fields Harbor cleaner
+klIr7qbZLB4-00199-00047035-00047220 wrasses and other fish which remove
+klIr7qbZLB4-00200-00047221-00047400 parasites from the skin of visiting
+klIr7qbZLB4-00201-00047401-00047682 sunfish in the tropics the mola will
+klIr7qbZLB4-00202-00047683-00047970 solicit cleaner help from reef fishes by
+klIr7qbZLB4-00203-00047971-00048171 basking on its side at the surface the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00204-00048172-00048387 sunfish also allows seabirds to feed on
+klIr7qbZLB4-00205-00048388-00048660 parasites from their skin sunfish have
+klIr7qbZLB4-00206-00048661-00048827 been reported to breach more than 10
+klIr7qbZLB4-00207-00048828-00049020 feet above the surface possibly as
+klIr7qbZLB4-00208-00049021-00049233 another effort to dislodge parasites on
+klIr7qbZLB4-00209-00049234-00049785 the body
+klIr7qbZLB4-00210-00049786-00050160 topic mass die-offs
+klIr7qbZLB4-00211-00050161-00050342 you
+klIr7qbZLB4-00212-00050343-00050604 some diseases result in mass die-offs
+klIr7qbZLB4-00213-00050605-00050835 one of the more bizarre and recently
+klIr7qbZLB4-00214-00050836-00051062 discovered diseases produces huge fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00215-00051063-00051338 kills in shallow marine waters it is
+klIr7qbZLB4-00216-00051339-00051488 caused by the ambush predator
+klIr7qbZLB4-00217-00051489-00051704 dinoflagellate Pfiesteria Pisgah sita
+klIr7qbZLB4-00218-00051705-00051962 when large numbers of fish like shoaling
+klIr7qbZLB4-00219-00051963-00052190 forage fish are in confined situations
+klIr7qbZLB4-00220-00052191-00052412 such as shallow bays the excretions from
+klIr7qbZLB4-00221-00052413-00052629 the fish encourage this dinoflagellate
+klIr7qbZLB4-00222-00052629-00052844 which is not normally toxic to produce
+klIr7qbZLB4-00223-00052845-00052998 free swimming zua spores
+klIr7qbZLB4-00224-00052999-00053196 if the fish remain in the area
+klIr7qbZLB4-00225-00053197-00053387 continuing to provide nourishment
+klIr7qbZLB4-00226-00053388-00053576 then the zua spores start secreting a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00227-00053577-00053876 neurotoxin this toxin results into fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00228-00053877-00054068 developing bleeding lesions and their
+klIr7qbZLB4-00229-00054069-00054299 skin flakes off in the water the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00230-00054300-00054488 dinoflagellates then eat the blood and
+klIr7qbZLB4-00231-00054489-00054680 flakes of tissue while the affected fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00232-00054681-00054980 die fish kills by this dinoflagellate
+klIr7qbZLB4-00233-00054981-00055134 are common and they may also have been
+klIr7qbZLB4-00234-00055135-00055349 responsible for kills in the past which
+klIr7qbZLB4-00235-00055350-00055511 were thought to have had other causes
+klIr7qbZLB4-00236-00055512-00055730 kills like these can be viewed as
+klIr7qbZLB4-00237-00055731-00055931 natural mechanisms for regulating the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00238-00055932-00056132 population of exceptionally abundant
+klIr7qbZLB4-00239-00056133-00056391 fish the rate at which the kills occur
+klIr7qbZLB4-00240-00056391-00056604 increases as organically polluted land
+klIr7qbZLB4-00241-00056604-00057226 runoff increases
+klIr7qbZLB4-00242-00057227-00057754 topic wild salmon
+klIr7qbZLB4-00243-00057755-00058028 according to Canadian biologist Dorothy
+klIr7qbZLB4-00244-00058029-00058301 Kizer protozoan parasite Hannity Asami
+klIr7qbZLB4-00245-00058302-00058501 Nikola is commonly found in the flesh of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00246-00058502-00058757 salmonids it has been recorded in the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00247-00058758-00058966 field samples of salmon returning to the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00248-00058967-00059195 Queen Charlotte Islands the fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00249-00059196-00059404 responds by walling off the parasitic
+klIr7qbZLB4-00250-00059405-00059585 infection into a number of cysts that
+klIr7qbZLB4-00251-00059586-00059864 contain milky fluid this fluid is an
+klIr7qbZLB4-00252-00059865-00060044 accumulation of a large number of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00253-00060045-00060314 parasites Hennig ouya and other
+klIr7qbZLB4-00254-00060315-00060491 parasites in the mix those poor Ian
+klIr7qbZLB4-00255-00060491-00060698 group have a complex life cycle where
+klIr7qbZLB4-00256-00060699-00060979 the salmon is one of two hosts the fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00257-00060980-00061180 releases the spores after spawning in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00258-00061182-00061405 the henna via case the spores enter a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00259-00061407-00061622 second host most likely an invertebrate
+klIr7qbZLB4-00260-00061623-00061867 in the spawning stream when juvenile
+klIr7qbZLB4-00261-00061869-00062099 salmon out migrate to the Pacific Ocean
+klIr7qbZLB4-00262-00062100-00062264 the second host releases a stage
+klIr7qbZLB4-00263-00062265-00062546 infective to salmon the parasite is then
+klIr7qbZLB4-00264-00062547-00062707 carried in the salmon until the next
+klIr7qbZLB4-00265-00062708-00062972 spawning cycle the mix owes poor Ian's
+klIr7qbZLB4-00266-00062973-00063185 parasite that causes whirling disease in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00267-00063186-00063476 trout has a similar life cycle however
+klIr7qbZLB4-00268-00063477-00063704 as opposed to whirling disease the henna
+klIr7qbZLB4-00269-00063704-00063907 via infestation does not appear to cause
+klIr7qbZLB4-00270-00063908-00064166 disease in the host salmon even heavily
+klIr7qbZLB4-00271-00064166-00064349 infected fish tend to return to spawn
+klIr7qbZLB4-00272-00064350-00064685 successfully according to doctor Kizer a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00273-00064686-00064919 lot of work on henna via Sami Nicola was
+klIr7qbZLB4-00274-00064920-00065104 done by scientists at the Pacific
+klIr7qbZLB4-00275-00065105-00065317 Biological Station in Nanaimo in the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00276-00065319-00065567 mid-1980s in particular an overview
+klIr7qbZLB4-00277-00065568-00065768 report which states that the fish that
+klIr7qbZLB4-00278-00065769-00066007 have the longest freshwater residence
+klIr7qbZLB4-00279-00066008-00066194 time as juveniles have the most
+klIr7qbZLB4-00280-00066195-00066530 noticeable infections hence in order of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00281-00066531-00066734 prevalence coho are most infected
+klIr7qbZLB4-00282-00066735-00066986 followed by sockeye chinook chum and
+klIr7qbZLB4-00283-00066987-00067340 pink as well the report says that at the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00284-00067341-00067535 time the studies were conducted stocks
+klIr7qbZLB4-00285-00067536-00067706 from the middle and upper reaches of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00286-00067707-00067916 large river systems in British Columbia
+klIr7qbZLB4-00287-00067917-00068159 such as Fraser skeena mass and from
+klIr7qbZLB4-00288-00068160-00068348 mainland coastal streams in the southern
+klIr7qbZLB4-00289-00068349-00068615 half of BC are more likely to have a low
+klIr7qbZLB4-00290-00068616-00068894 prevalence of infection the report also
+klIr7qbZLB4-00291-00068895-00069110 states it should be stressed that
+klIr7qbZLB4-00292-00069111-00069376 Hennigan economically deleterious though
+klIr7qbZLB4-00293-00069377-00069563 it is is harmless from the view of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00294-00069564-00069844 Public Health it is strictly a fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00295-00069845-00070094 parasite that cannot live in or affect
+klIr7qbZLB4-00296-00070095-00070503 warm-blooded animals including man
+klIr7qbZLB4-00297-00070504-00070740 according to Klaus shaly molluscan
+klIr7qbZLB4-00298-00070741-00070935 shellfish program specialist with the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00299-00070936-00071201 Canadian Food Inspection Agency Kennedy
+klIr7qbZLB4-00300-00071202-00071468 Asami Nikola as found in southern BC
+klIr7qbZLB4-00301-00071469-00071811 also and in all species of salmon I have
+klIr7qbZLB4-00302-00071812-00072056 previously examined smoked chum salmon
+klIr7qbZLB4-00303-00072057-00072279 sides that were riddled with cysts and
+klIr7qbZLB4-00304-00072280-00072498 some sockeye runs in Berkeley sound
+klIr7qbZLB4-00305-00072499-00072725 southern BC west coast of Vancouver
+klIr7qbZLB4-00306-00072726-00072932 Island are noted for their high
+klIr7qbZLB4-00307-00072933-00073323 incidents of infestation sea lice
+klIr7qbZLB4-00308-00073324-00073556 particularly lepe of theorists al Moniz
+klIr7qbZLB4-00309-00073557-00073751 and a variety of caligo species
+klIr7qbZLB4-00310-00073752-00073998 including Kalecgos clemency and Kalecgos
+klIr7qbZLB4-00311-00073999-00074174 Roger Cressey can cause deadly
+klIr7qbZLB4-00312-00074175-00074418 infestations of both farm-grown and wild
+klIr7qbZLB4-00313-00074419-00074721 salmon sea lice are ectoparasites which
+klIr7qbZLB4-00314-00074722-00074985 feed on mucus blood and skin and migrate
+klIr7qbZLB4-00315-00074986-00075165 and latch onto the skin of wild salmon
+klIr7qbZLB4-00316-00075166-00075407 during free swimming planktonic knobbly
+klIr7qbZLB4-00317-00075408-00075624 and KO potted larval stages which can
+klIr7qbZLB4-00318-00075625-00075771 persist for several days
+klIr7qbZLB4-00319-00075772-00076074 large numbers of highly populated open
+klIr7qbZLB4-00320-00076075-00076232 net salmon farms can create
+klIr7qbZLB4-00321-00076233-00076446 exceptionally large concentrations of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00322-00076447-00076692 sea lice when exposed in river estuaries
+klIr7qbZLB4-00323-00076693-00076884 containing large numbers of open net
+klIr7qbZLB4-00324-00076885-00077081 farms many young wild salmon are
+klIr7qbZLB4-00325-00077082-00077300 infected and do not survive as a result
+klIr7qbZLB4-00326-00077301-00077550 adult salmon may survive otherwise
+klIr7qbZLB4-00327-00077551-00077772 critical numbers of sea lice but small
+klIr7qbZLB4-00328-00077773-00077975 thin-skinned juvenile salmon migrating
+klIr7qbZLB4-00329-00077976-00078234 to sea are highly vulnerable on the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00330-00078235-00078413 Pacific coast of Canada the louse
+klIr7qbZLB4-00331-00078414-00078650 induced mortality of pink salmon in some
+klIr7qbZLB4-00332-00078651-00079362 regions as commonly over 80%
+klIr7qbZLB4-00333-00079363-00079894 topic farmed salmon
+klIr7qbZLB4-00334-00079895-00080278 in 1972 gyro dactyl is Salieri's also
+klIr7qbZLB4-00335-00080279-00080467 called salmon fluke a mono Janine
+klIr7qbZLB4-00336-00080468-00080631 parasite spread from Norwegian
+klIr7qbZLB4-00337-00080632-00080884 hatcheries to wild salmon and devastated
+klIr7qbZLB4-00338-00080885-00081169 some wild salmon populations in 1984
+klIr7qbZLB4-00339-00081170-00081432 infectious salmon anemia is a V was
+klIr7qbZLB4-00340-00081433-00081622 discovered in Norway in an Atlantic
+klIr7qbZLB4-00341-00081623-00081931 salmon hatchery 80% of the fish in the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00342-00081932-00082267 outbreak died is av a viral disease is
+klIr7qbZLB4-00343-00082268-00082468 now a major threat to the viability of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00344-00082469-00082719 Atlantic salmon farming it is now the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00345-00082720-00082926 first of the disease's classified on
+klIr7qbZLB4-00346-00082927-00083106 list one of the European Commission's
+klIr7qbZLB4-00347-00083107-00083337 fish health regime amongst other
+klIr7qbZLB4-00348-00083338-00083518 measures this requires the total
+klIr7qbZLB4-00349-00083519-00083718 eradication of the entire fish stock
+klIr7qbZLB4-00350-00083719-00083890 should an outbreak of the disease be
+klIr7qbZLB4-00351-00083891-00084225 confirmed on any farm is av seriously
+klIr7qbZLB4-00352-00084226-00084450 affects salmon farms in Chile Norway
+klIr7qbZLB4-00353-00084451-00084655 Scotland and Canada causing major
+klIr7qbZLB4-00354-00084656-00084987 economic losses to infected farms as the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00355-00084988-00085222 name implies it causes severe anemia of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00356-00085223-00085522 infected fish unlike mammals the red
+klIr7qbZLB4-00357-00085523-00085762 blood cells of fish have DNA and can
+klIr7qbZLB4-00358-00085763-00086035 become infected with viruses the fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00359-00086036-00086248 developed pale gills and may swim close
+klIr7qbZLB4-00360-00086249-00086456 to the water surface gulping for air
+klIr7qbZLB4-00361-00086457-00086710 however the disease can also develop
+klIr7qbZLB4-00362-00086711-00086896 without the fish showing any external
+klIr7qbZLB4-00363-00086897-00087088 signs of illness the fish maintain a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00364-00087089-00087259 normal appetite and then they suddenly
+klIr7qbZLB4-00365-00087260-00087529 die the disease can progress slowly
+klIr7qbZLB4-00366-00087530-00087724 throughout an infected farm and in the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00367-00087725-00087916 worst cases death rates may approach
+klIr7qbZLB4-00368-00087917-00088222 100% it is also a threat to the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00369-00088223-00088422 dwindling stocks of wild salmon
+klIr7qbZLB4-00370-00088423-00088681 management strategies include developing
+klIr7qbZLB4-00371-00088682-00088867 a vaccine and improving genetic
+klIr7qbZLB4-00372-00088868-00089074 resistance to the disease in the wild
+klIr7qbZLB4-00373-00089075-00089287 diseases and parasites are normally at
+klIr7qbZLB4-00374-00089288-00089506 low levels and kept in check by natural
+klIr7qbZLB4-00375-00089507-00089700 predation on weakened individuals in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00376-00089701-00089938 crowded net pens they can become
+klIr7qbZLB4-00377-00089939-00090231 epidemics diseases and parasites also
+klIr7qbZLB4-00378-00090232-00090424 transfer from farm to wild salmon
+klIr7qbZLB4-00379-00090425-00090697 populations a recent study in British
+klIr7qbZLB4-00380-00090698-00090892 Columbia links the spread of parasitic
+klIr7qbZLB4-00381-00090893-00091147 sea lice from river salmon farms to wild
+klIr7qbZLB4-00382-00091148-00091326 pink salmon in the same River the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00383-00091327-00091593 European Commission 2002 concluded the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00384-00091594-00091780 reduction of wild salmon it abundance
+klIr7qbZLB4-00385-00091781-00091968 has also linked to other factors but
+klIr7qbZLB4-00386-00091969-00092116 there is more and more scientific
+klIr7qbZLB4-00387-00092117-00092325 evidence establishing a direct link
+klIr7qbZLB4-00388-00092326-00092500 between the number of licensed está de
+klIr7qbZLB4-00389-00092501-00092737 Shand the presence of cages in the same
+klIr7qbZLB4-00390-00092738-00093030 estuary it is reported that wild salmon
+klIr7qbZLB4-00391-00093031-00093217 on the west coast of Canada are being
+klIr7qbZLB4-00392-00093218-00093265 driven
+klIr7qbZLB4-00393-00093266-00093438 extinction by sea lice from nearby
+klIr7qbZLB4-00394-00093439-00093742 salmon farms antibiotics and pesticides
+klIr7qbZLB4-00395-00093743-00093981 are often used to control the diseases
+klIr7qbZLB4-00396-00093982-00094573 and parasites
+klIr7qbZLB4-00397-00094574-00095138 topic coral reef fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00398-00095139-00095366 coral reef fish are characterized by
+klIr7qbZLB4-00399-00095367-00095618 high biodiversity as a consequence
+klIr7qbZLB4-00400-00095619-00095819 parasites of coral reef fish show
+klIr7qbZLB4-00401-00095820-00096092 tremendous variety parasites of coral
+klIr7qbZLB4-00402-00096093-00096250 reef fish include nematodes
+klIr7qbZLB4-00403-00096251-00096515 platyhelminthes sess toads de Jeanne ins
+klIr7qbZLB4-00404-00096516-00096743 and mono Jimmy ins leeches parasitic
+klIr7qbZLB4-00405-00096744-00096982 crustaceans such as isopods and ko pods
+klIr7qbZLB4-00406-00096983-00097250 and various microorganisms such as mixes
+klIr7qbZLB4-00407-00097251-00097519 poor dia and microspore IDIA some of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00408-00097520-00097697 these fish parasites have heterogenous
+klIr7qbZLB4-00409-00097698-00097957 life cycles ie they have several hosts
+klIr7qbZLB4-00410-00097958-00098176 among which sharks certain sess toads or
+klIr7qbZLB4-00411-00098177-00098407 mollusks to Jean Ian's the high
+klIr7qbZLB4-00412-00098408-00098644 biodiversity of coral reefs increases
+klIr7qbZLB4-00413-00098645-00098816 the complexity of the interactions
+klIr7qbZLB4-00414-00098817-00099017 between parasites and their various and
+klIr7qbZLB4-00415-00099018-00099311 numerous hosts numerical estimates of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00416-00099312-00099524 parasite biodiversity have shown that
+klIr7qbZLB4-00417-00099525-00099751 certain coral fish species have up to 30
+klIr7qbZLB4-00418-00099752-00100040 species of parasites the mean number of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00419-00100041-00100276 parasites per fish species is about 10
+klIr7qbZLB4-00420-00100277-00100513 this has a consequence in term of Co
+klIr7qbZLB4-00421-00100514-00100726 extinction results obtained for the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00422-00100727-00100967 coral reef fish of New Caledonia suggest
+klIr7qbZLB4-00423-00100968-00101153 that extinction of a coral reef fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00424-00101154-00101344 species of average size would eventually
+klIr7qbZLB4-00425-00101345-00101549 result in the ko extinction of at least
+klIr7qbZLB4-00426-00101550-00102225 10 species of parasites
+klIr7qbZLB4-00427-00102226-00102792 topic aquarium fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00428-00102793-00103039 ornamental fish kept in aquariums are
+klIr7qbZLB4-00429-00103040-00103366 susceptible to numerous diseases in most
+klIr7qbZLB4-00430-00103367-00103552 aquarium tanks the fish are at high
+klIr7qbZLB4-00431-00103553-00103738 concentrations and the volume of water
+klIr7qbZLB4-00432-00103739-00103828 is limited
+klIr7qbZLB4-00433-00103829-00104058 this means that communicable diseases
+klIr7qbZLB4-00434-00104059-00104280 can spread rapidly to most or all fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00435-00104281-00104586 in a tank an improper nitrogen cycle
+klIr7qbZLB4-00436-00104588-00104788 inappropriate aquarium plants and
+klIr7qbZLB4-00437-00104789-00104941 potentially harmful freshwater
+klIr7qbZLB4-00438-00104942-00105151 invertebrates can directly harm or add
+klIr7qbZLB4-00439-00105152-00105352 to the stresses on ornamental fish in a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00440-00105353-00105640 tank despite this many diseases in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00441-00105641-00105861 captive fish can be avoided or prevented
+klIr7qbZLB4-00442-00105863-00106042 through proper water conditions and a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00443-00106043-00106275 well adjusted ecosystem within the tank
+klIr7qbZLB4-00444-00106276-00106555 ammonia poisoning is a common disease in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00445-00106556-00106729 new aquariums especially when
+klIr7qbZLB4-00446-00106730-00107038 immediately stocked to full capacity due
+klIr7qbZLB4-00447-00107039-00107215 to their generally small size and the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00448-00107216-00107422 low cost of replacing diseased or dead
+klIr7qbZLB4-00449-00107423-00107634 aquarium fish the cost of testing and
+klIr7qbZLB4-00450-00107635-00107835 treating diseases is often seen as more
+klIr7qbZLB4-00451-00107836-00108494 trouble than the value of the fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00452-00108495-00109038 topic immune system
+klIr7qbZLB4-00453-00109039-00109325 immune organs vary by type of fish in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00454-00109326-00109583 the jawless fish lampreys and hagfish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00455-00109584-00109914 true lymphoid organs are absent these
+klIr7qbZLB4-00456-00109915-00110135 fish rely on regions of lymphoid tissue
+klIr7qbZLB4-00457-00110136-00110331 within other organs to produce immune
+klIr7qbZLB4-00458-00110332-00110604 cells for example erythrocytes
+klIr7qbZLB4-00459-00110605-00110829 macrophages and plasma cells are
+klIr7qbZLB4-00460-00110830-00111042 produced in the anterior kidney or prone
+klIr7qbZLB4-00461-00111043-00111233 afros and some areas of the gut where
+klIr7qbZLB4-00462-00111234-00111432 granulocytes mature they resemble
+klIr7qbZLB4-00463-00111433-00111658 primitive bone marrow in hagfish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00464-00111659-00111957 cartilaginous fish sharks and rays have
+klIr7qbZLB4-00465-00111958-00112208 a more advanced immune system they have
+klIr7qbZLB4-00466-00112209-00112419 three specialized organs that are unique
+klIr7qbZLB4-00467-00112420-00112626 to chondrichthyes the epicotyl organs
+klIr7qbZLB4-00468-00112627-00112818 lymphoid tissues similar to mammalian
+klIr7qbZLB4-00469-00112819-00113025 bone that surround the gonads the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00470-00113026-00113196 ladings organ within the walls of their
+klIr7qbZLB4-00471-00113197-00113400 esophagus and a spiral valve in their
+klIr7qbZLB4-00472-00113401-00113667 intestine these organs house typical
+klIr7qbZLB4-00473-00113668-00113919 immune cells granulocytes lymphocytes
+klIr7qbZLB4-00474-00113920-00114207 and plasma cells they also possess an
+klIr7qbZLB4-00475-00114208-00114410 identifiable thymus and a well-developed
+klIr7qbZLB4-00476-00114411-00114639 spleen their most important immune organ
+klIr7qbZLB4-00477-00114640-00114855 where various lymphocytes plasma cells
+klIr7qbZLB4-00478-00114856-00115124 and macrophages develop and are stored
+klIr7qbZLB4-00479-00115125-00115401 Kandra Stian fish sturgeons paddlefish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00480-00115402-00115620 and Beshear's possess a major site for
+klIr7qbZLB4-00481-00115621-00115821 the production of granulocytes within a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00482-00115822-00115985 mass that is associated with the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00483-00115986-00116166 meninges membranes surrounding the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00484-00116167-00116340 central nervous system their heart is
+klIr7qbZLB4-00485-00116341-00116505 frequently covered with tissue that
+klIr7qbZLB4-00486-00116506-00116739 contains lymphocytes reticular cells and
+klIr7qbZLB4-00487-00116740-00117035 a small number of macrophages the Kandra
+klIr7qbZLB4-00488-00117036-00117233 Stian kidney is an important hemopoietic
+klIr7qbZLB4-00489-00117234-00117485 organ where erythrocytes granulocytes
+klIr7qbZLB4-00490-00117486-00117840 lymphocytes and macrophages develop like
+klIr7qbZLB4-00491-00117841-00118038 Kandra ste and fish the major immune
+klIr7qbZLB4-00492-00118039-00118259 tissues of bony fish or teleost a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00493-00118260-00118449 include the kidney especially the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00494-00118450-00118632 anterior kidney which houses many
+klIr7qbZLB4-00495-00118633-00118875 different immune cells in addition
+klIr7qbZLB4-00496-00118876-00119142 teleost fish possesseth thymus spleen
+klIr7qbZLB4-00497-00119143-00119313 and scattered immune areas within
+klIr7qbZLB4-00498-00119314-00119619 mucosal tissues eg in the skin gills gut
+klIr7qbZLB4-00499-00119620-00119850 and gonads much like the mammalian
+klIr7qbZLB4-00500-00119851-00120081 immune system teleost erythrocytes
+klIr7qbZLB4-00501-00120082-00120284 neutrophils and granulocytes are
+klIr7qbZLB4-00502-00120285-00120456 believed to reside in the spleen whereas
+klIr7qbZLB4-00503-00120457-00120645 lymphocytes are the major cell type
+klIr7qbZLB4-00504-00120646-00120996 found in the thymus in 2006 a lymphatic
+klIr7qbZLB4-00505-00120997-00121211 system similar to that in mammals was
+klIr7qbZLB4-00506-00121213-00121452 described in one species of teleost fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00507-00121453-00121733 the zebrafish although not confirmed as
+klIr7qbZLB4-00508-00121734-00121950 yet this system presumably will be where
+klIr7qbZLB4-00509-00121951-00122178 naive unstimulated T cells accumulate
+klIr7qbZLB4-00510-00122179-00122863 while waiting to encounter an antigen
+klIr7qbZLB4-00511-00122864-00123515 topic spreading disease and parasites
+klIr7qbZLB4-00512-00123516-00123782 the capture transportation and culture
+klIr7qbZLB4-00513-00123783-00123958 of baitfish can spread damaging
+klIr7qbZLB4-00514-00123959-00124202 organisms between ecosystems endangering
+klIr7qbZLB4-00515-00124203-00124561 them in 2007 several American states
+klIr7qbZLB4-00516-00124563-00124759 including Michigan enacted regulations
+klIr7qbZLB4-00517-00124760-00124960 designed to slow the spread of fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00518-00124961-00125138 diseases including viral hemorrhagic
+klIr7qbZLB4-00519-00125139-00125468 septicemia by bait fish because of the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00520-00125469-00125683 risk of transmitting mixable is cerebral
+klIr7qbZLB4-00521-00125684-00125864 aswer lling disease trout and salmon
+klIr7qbZLB4-00522-00125865-00126170 should not be used as bait anglers may
+klIr7qbZLB4-00523-00126171-00126305 increase the possibility of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00524-00126306-00126527 contamination by emptying bait buckets
+klIr7qbZLB4-00525-00126528-00126722 into fishing venues and collecting or
+klIr7qbZLB4-00526-00126723-00127016 using bait improperly the transportation
+klIr7qbZLB4-00527-00127017-00127229 of fish from one location to another can
+klIr7qbZLB4-00528-00127230-00127411 break the law and cause the introduction
+klIr7qbZLB4-00529-00127413-00127601 of fish and parasites alien to the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00530-00127602-00128179 ecosystem
+klIr7qbZLB4-00531-00128180-00128740 topic eating raw fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00532-00128741-00128923 though not a health concern in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00533-00128924-00129119 thoroughly cooked fish parasites are a
+klIr7qbZLB4-00534-00129120-00129361 concern when human consumers eat raw or
+klIr7qbZLB4-00535-00129362-00129547 lightly preserved fish such as sashimi
+klIr7qbZLB4-00536-00129548-00129973 sushi ceviche and gravlax the popularity
+klIr7qbZLB4-00537-00129974-00130156 of such raw fish dishes makes it
+klIr7qbZLB4-00538-00130157-00130336 important for consumers to be aware of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00539-00130337-00130627 this risk raw fish should be frozen to
+klIr7qbZLB4-00540-00130628-00130834 an internal temperature of minus 20
+klIr7qbZLB4-00541-00130835-00131026 degrees Celsius minus 4 degrees
+klIr7qbZLB4-00542-00131027-00131263 Fahrenheit for at least 7 days to kill
+klIr7qbZLB4-00543-00131264-00131536 parasites it is important to be aware
+klIr7qbZLB4-00544-00131537-00131710 that home freezers may not be cold
+klIr7qbZLB4-00545-00131711-00131918 enough to kill parasites traditionally
+klIr7qbZLB4-00546-00131919-00132082 fish that live all or part of their
+klIr7qbZLB4-00547-00132083-00132271 lives in fresh water were considered
+klIr7qbZLB4-00548-00132272-00132448 unsuitable for sashimi due to the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00549-00132449-00132679 possibility of parasites see sashimi
+klIr7qbZLB4-00550-00132680-00132946 article parasitic infections from
+klIr7qbZLB4-00551-00132947-00133183 freshwater fish are a serious problem in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00552-00133184-00133357 some parts of the world particularly
+klIr7qbZLB4-00553-00133358-00133660 Southeast Asia fish that spend part of
+klIr7qbZLB4-00554-00133661-00133844 their life cycle in salt water like
+klIr7qbZLB4-00555-00133845-00134149 salmon can also be a problem a study in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00556-00134150-00134371 Seattle Washington showed that 100
+klIr7qbZLB4-00557-00134372-00134569 percent of wild salmon had round worm
+klIr7qbZLB4-00558-00134570-00134782 larvae capable of infecting people in
+klIr7qbZLB4-00559-00134783-00135068 the same study farm raised salmon did
+klIr7qbZLB4-00560-00135069-00135277 not have any round worm larvae parasite
+klIr7qbZLB4-00561-00135278-00135508 infection by raw fish as rare in the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00562-00135509-00135733 developed world fewer than 40 cases per
+klIr7qbZLB4-00563-00135734-00135968 year in the US and involves mainly three
+klIr7qbZLB4-00564-00135969-00136204 kinds of parasites clone orcas sinensis
+klIr7qbZLB4-00565-00136205-00136465 a trematode fluke Anisakis a nematode
+klIr7qbZLB4-00566-00136466-00136669 round worm and die phyllo baths reom
+klIr7qbZLB4-00567-00136670-00136939 assess toad tapeworm infection by the
+klIr7qbZLB4-00568-00136940-00137119 fish tapeworm die Philo bathroom
+klIr7qbZLB4-00569-00137120-00137287 lattimer's seen in countries where
+klIr7qbZLB4-00570-00137288-00137527 people eat raw or undercooked fish such
+klIr7qbZLB4-00571-00137528-00137740 as some countries in Asia Eastern Europe
+klIr7qbZLB4-00572-00137741-00137986 Scandinavia Africa and North and South
+klIr7qbZLB4-00573-00137987-00138075 America
+klIr7qbZLB4-00574-00138076-00138313 infection risk of Anisakis is
+klIr7qbZLB4-00575-00138314-00138523 particularly higher in fishes which may
+klIr7qbZLB4-00576-00138524-00138727 live in a river such as salmon shaken
+klIr7qbZLB4-00577-00138728-00139057 salmonidae mackerel Sabah such parasite
+klIr7qbZLB4-00578-00139058-00139268 infections can generally be avoided by
+klIr7qbZLB4-00579-00139269-00139489 boiling burning preserving in salt or
+klIr7qbZLB4-00580-00139490-00139756 vinegar or freezing overnight even
+klIr7qbZLB4-00581-00139757-00139996 Japanese people never eat raw salmon or
+klIr7qbZLB4-00582-00139997-00140233 ikura salmon roe and even if they seem
+klIr7qbZLB4-00583-00140234-00140431 raw these foods are not raw but are
+klIr7qbZLB4-00584-00140432-00140623 frozen overnight to prevent infections
+klIr7qbZLB4-00585-00140624-00140996 from parasites particularly Anisakis
+klIr7qbZLB4-00586-00140997-00141226 below are some life cycles of fish
+klIr7qbZLB4-00587-00141227-00141825 parasites that can infect humans
+klIr7qbZLB4-00588-00141826-00142359 topic see also
+klIr7qbZLB4-00589-00142360-00142713 equals equals notes
+knFlym2qORu-00000-00000051-00000395 space as a 1990 ambient house concept
+knFlym2qORu-00001-00000396-00000626 album by Jimmy kotti under the alias
+knFlym2qORu-00002-00000627-00000931 space originally intended to be the orbs
+knFlym2qORu-00003-00000932-00001181 debut album space was refactored for
+knFlym2qORu-00004-00001182-00001366 release as a solo album following
+knFlym2qORu-00005-00001367-00001651 Cuddy's departure from that group space
+knFlym2qORu-00006-00001652-00001889 was independently released on klf
+knFlym2qORu-00007-00001889-00002123 communications the record label formed
+knFlym2qORu-00008-00002124-00002312 to distribute the work of potties other
+knFlym2qORu-00009-00002313-00002972 project the klf
+knFlym2qORu-00010-00002973-00003249 topic origins
+knFlym2qORu-00011-00003250-00003490 you
+knFlym2qORu-00012-00003490-00003742 space began as a collaboration between
+knFlym2qORu-00013-00003743-00004033 dr. Alex Patterson and Jimmy kotti the
+knFlym2qORu-00014-00004034-00004219 original lineup of the orb it was
+knFlym2qORu-00015-00004220-00004468 according to cut his record label klf
+knFlym2qORu-00016-00004469-00004699 communications to be the orbs debut
+knFlym2qORu-00017-00004700-00004918 album but when cut he left the orb in
+knFlym2qORu-00018-00004919-00005203 early 1990 to concentrate on producing
+knFlym2qORu-00019-00005204-00005440 music as the klf with Bill Drummond
+knFlym2qORu-00020-00005441-00005704 he took the recordings with him reworked
+knFlym2qORu-00021-00005705-00005941 to remove Patterson's contributions the
+knFlym2qORu-00022-00005942-00006130 album was released on the klf
+knFlym2qORu-00023-00006131-00006358 communications label with kotti alone
+knFlym2qORu-00024-00006359-00006589 receiving credit according to kotti it
+knFlym2qORu-00025-00006590-00006904 was a jam all done on Oberheim keyboards
+knFlym2qORu-00026-00006905-00007348 loads of samples were chucked in there
+knFlym2qORu-00027-00007348-00007642 as well I started on Monday morning and
+knFlym2qORu-00028-00007643-00008388 by Friday it was all done
+knFlym2qORu-00029-00008389-00008671 topic composition
+knFlym2qORu-00030-00008672-00008920 you
+knFlym2qORu-00031-00008921-00009145 space takes the listener on a voyage
+knFlym2qORu-00032-00009146-00009358 through the solar system from mercury
+knFlym2qORu-00033-00009359-00009595 outwards with vast distances of empty
+knFlym2qORu-00034-00009596-00009805 space between worlds represented by
+knFlym2qORu-00035-00009806-00010027 periods of minimalist ambience and near
+knFlym2qORu-00036-00010028-00010258 silence synthesizers excerpts from
+knFlym2qORu-00037-00010259-00010453 classical compositions and nursery
+knFlym2qORu-00038-00010454-00010654 rhymes including twinkle twinkle little
+knFlym2qORu-00039-00010655-00010948 star sinusoidal loops and communications
+knFlym2qORu-00040-00010949-00011155 from space flight controllers are among
+knFlym2qORu-00041-00011156-00011350 the sounds used to describe the voyage
+knFlym2qORu-00042-00011351-00011610 this musical interpretation of a
+knFlym2qORu-00043-00011611-00011758 physical journey is also a
+knFlym2qORu-00044-00011759-00011962 characteristic of the early ambient
+knFlym2qORu-00045-00011963-00012166 house recordings the orbs adventures
+knFlym2qORu-00046-00012167-00012367 beyond the ultra world and the klf
+knFlym2qORu-00047-00012368-00012703 chill-out kotti has called space a
+knFlym2qORu-00048-00012704-00013033 record for 14-year old space cadets to
+knFlym2qORu-00049-00013034-00013862 go and take acid - for the first time
+knFlym2qORu-00050-00013863-00014363 topic reviews
+knFlym2qORu-00051-00014365-00014691 Allmusic attributes incredibly sparse
+knFlym2qORu-00052-00014693-00015079 ambience to space with long periods of
+knFlym2qORu-00053-00015080-00015301 near silence and only an occasional
+knFlym2qORu-00054-00015302-00015553 break for Galactic sine waves and
+knFlym2qORu-00055-00015554-00016003 similarly Spacey tones the album s more
+knFlym2qORu-00056-00016004-00016234 important for who's on it than what's in
+knFlym2qORu-00057-00016235-00016528 it they concluded it is worth noting
+knFlym2qORu-00058-00016529-00016711 that demand outstripped supply on
+knFlym2qORu-00059-00016712-00016891 release with the result that numerous
+knFlym2qORu-00060-00016892-00017128 bootleg versions of the CD version are
+knFlym2qORu-00061-00017129-00017724 in circulation
+knFlym2qORu-00062-00017725-00018257 topic tracklisting
+knFlym2qORu-00063-00018258-00018545 space comprises eight contiguous pieces
+knFlym2qORu-00064-00018546-00018776 across two sides of vinyl or one track
+knFlym2qORu-00065-00018777-00019010 of a CD
+knFlym2qORu-00066-00019011-00019679 mercury 153 Venus 210
+knFlym2qORu-00067-00019680-00020803 Mars 824 Jupiter 635 Saturn 247 Uranus
+knFlym2qORu-00068-00020804-00021647 257 Neptune 938 Pluto 357 no durations
+knFlym2qORu-00069-00021648-00021821 are given on the release these are
+knFlym2qORu-00070-00021822-00022040 estimates
+lodelYD5S54-00000-00000000-00000292 all right shoddies I heard your requests
+lodelYD5S54-00001-00000293-00000526 and I'm answering it here's the Barbados
+lodelYD5S54-00002-00000527-00000778 video on my living arrangements how I
+lodelYD5S54-00003-00000779-00000989 set it up and where I live
+lodelYD5S54-00004-00000990-00001169 you ready
+lodelYD5S54-00005-00001170-00001361 all right number one I personally
+lodelYD5S54-00006-00001362-00001601 recommend Airbnb you know honestly I
+lodelYD5S54-00007-00001602-00001751 tried working with the whole realtor
+lodelYD5S54-00008-00001752-00001948 thing that didn't work if you're staying
+lodelYD5S54-00009-00001950-00002165 less than six months I recommend not
+lodelYD5S54-00010-00002166-00002333 even looking into the realtor situation
+lodelYD5S54-00011-00002334-00002608 because right off bat a lot of these
+lodelYD5S54-00012-00002609-00002831 locations will charge you double because
+lodelYD5S54-00013-00002832-00003041 you're staying shorter than six months
+lodelYD5S54-00014-00003042-00003304 yes yes whether it's furnished
+lodelYD5S54-00015-00003305-00003467 unpurnished none of that stuff matters
+lodelYD5S54-00016-00003468-00003629 they're gonna charge you double so the
+lodelYD5S54-00017-00003629-00003845 reason why I say Airbnb is because it's
+lodelYD5S54-00018-00003846-00004013 quick like I can't tell you how much
+lodelYD5S54-00019-00004014-00004163 time I spent going back and forth
+lodelYD5S54-00020-00004164-00004385 between Realtors contacting Realtors
+lodelYD5S54-00021-00004386-00004552 getting in contact with a realtor
+lodelYD5S54-00022-00004553-00004720 getting them to call me back getting
+lodelYD5S54-00023-00004721-00004883 their recommendations for where I can
+lodelYD5S54-00024-00004884-00005056 stay it was just a lot of wasted time
+lodelYD5S54-00025-00005057-00005195 honestly and I feel like you could just
+lodelYD5S54-00026-00005196-00005404 hop on Airbnb plug in where you want to
+lodelYD5S54-00027-00005405-00005668 stay and then you know how much you want
+lodelYD5S54-00028-00005669-00005867 to spend how many number of rooms do you
+lodelYD5S54-00029-00005868-00006149 want Etc and it's just easier I wasted
+lodelYD5S54-00030-00006150-00006311 way too much time dealing with the other
+lodelYD5S54-00031-00006312-00006527 outside Source or other sources so my
+lodelYD5S54-00032-00006528-00006773 personal advice just go Airbnb or the
+lodelYD5S54-00033-00006773-00006953 other one that I mentioned okay so I
+lodelYD5S54-00034-00006954-00007139 mentioned figuring out where you want to
+lodelYD5S54-00035-00007140-00007475 stay okay my personal advice is stay on
+lodelYD5S54-00036-00007476-00007739 the south or the West Coast I like the
+lodelYD5S54-00037-00007740-00007889 south coast and I'm so happy that I
+lodelYD5S54-00038-00007890-00008003 didn't end up staying on the west coast
+lodelYD5S54-00039-00008004-00008231 the west coast is somewhere great to
+lodelYD5S54-00040-00008232-00008441 visit it's the Platinum coast and of
+lodelYD5S54-00041-00008442-00008585 course it depends on who you are and
+lodelYD5S54-00042-00008586-00008746 what type of person you are Etc but I
+lodelYD5S54-00043-00008747-00008987 like City Life I like to see activity
+lodelYD5S54-00044-00008988-00009196 when I step outside of my house I love
+lodelYD5S54-00045-00009197-00009341 that and I especially want to be around
+lodelYD5S54-00046-00009342-00009610 a lot of locals almost everywhere I go
+lodelYD5S54-00047-00009611-00009839 honestly when it comes to the West Coast
+lodelYD5S54-00048-00009840-00010024 it's called the Platinum Coast because
+lodelYD5S54-00049-00010025-00010235 first of all it's more expensive so keep
+lodelYD5S54-00050-00010236-00010403 that in mind that's something to keep in
+lodelYD5S54-00051-00010404-00010505 mind when you're thinking about your
+lodelYD5S54-00052-00010506-00010763 budget Etc it will be more expensive but
+lodelYD5S54-00053-00010764-00011045 you definitely see a lot more tourists
+lodelYD5S54-00054-00011046-00011245 on that side
+lodelYD5S54-00055-00011246-00011578 okay now it is beautiful and they have
+lodelYD5S54-00056-00011579-00011735 it's my understanding some of the best
+lodelYD5S54-00057-00011736-00011945 restaurants are on that side but I don't
+lodelYD5S54-00058-00011946-00012035 know if people are just saying that
+lodelYD5S54-00059-00012036-00012196 because it costs more I don't know you
+lodelYD5S54-00060-00012197-00012377 know sometimes that's the thing but on
+lodelYD5S54-00061-00012378-00012701 the south I found that I saw more
+lodelYD5S54-00062-00012702-00012983 younger people like me more single
+lodelYD5S54-00063-00012984-00013372 people and more local people which is
+lodelYD5S54-00064-00013373-00013625 what I wanted all right so my
+lodelYD5S54-00065-00013626-00013786 recommendation is the South I feel like
+lodelYD5S54-00066-00013787-00014105 it's more accessible to get to different
+lodelYD5S54-00067-00014106-00014333 places like the supermarket or hop on a
+lodelYD5S54-00068-00014334-00014519 zedr if you haven't watched my video
+lodelYD5S54-00069-00014519-00014705 about getting around in Barbados you
+lodelYD5S54-00070-00014706-00014855 should actually watch this one I
+lodelYD5S54-00071-00014856-00015016 mentioned the zedrs like I think New
+lodelYD5S54-00072-00015018-00015215 York Dollar van basically but it's
+lodelYD5S54-00073-00015216-00015358 public transportation cheap
+lodelYD5S54-00074-00015359-00015544 Transportation if you choose to do
+lodelYD5S54-00075-00015545-00015785 public transportation and they do have
+lodelYD5S54-00076-00015786-00015947 them on the Platinum Coast but it's my
+lodelYD5S54-00077-00015947-00016049 understanding that they're more
+lodelYD5S54-00078-00016050-00016300 accessible on the South if I'm incorrect
+lodelYD5S54-00079-00016301-00016486 noted in the comments I don't have a
+lodelYD5S54-00080-00016487-00016613 problem with being corrected y'all
+lodelYD5S54-00081-00016614-00016835 please this is a community sharing is
+lodelYD5S54-00082-00016836-00017080 caring and then I found that a lot of
+lodelYD5S54-00083-00017081-00017350 the events that I was attending were on
+lodelYD5S54-00084-00017351-00017722 the south coast yeah it's it's yeah
+lodelYD5S54-00085-00017723-00018077 a lot of my friends that I made of the
+lodelYD5S54-00086-00018078-00018322 expats were staying on the south cool
+lodelYD5S54-00087-00018323-00018521 honestly I only knew two people on the
+lodelYD5S54-00088-00018522-00018700 west coast let me just summarize it that
+lodelYD5S54-00089-00018701-00018905 way now you do the math hopefully you
+lodelYD5S54-00090-00018906-00019030 guys are enjoying these tips they're
+lodelYD5S54-00091-00019031-00019235 helpful right if they are go ahead and
+lodelYD5S54-00092-00019236-00019372 click the like button unless the
+lodelYD5S54-00093-00019373-00019511 algorithm know that this is a good video
+lodelYD5S54-00094-00019512-00019679 and it shares it with other people
+lodelYD5S54-00095-00019680-00020075 number three ask for a discount so if
+lodelYD5S54-00096-00020076-00020230 we're going with my recommendation of
+lodelYD5S54-00097-00020231-00020422 Airbnb you have a couple of options
+lodelYD5S54-00098-00020423-00020680 right off bat Airbnb will give you a
+lodelYD5S54-00099-00020681-00020867 discount if you're staying long term so
+lodelYD5S54-00100-00020868-00020999 this isn't for my tourists who are
+lodelYD5S54-00101-00021000-00021185 visiting just for a week you're staying
+lodelYD5S54-00102-00021186-00021419 long term that means over I'd say two
+lodelYD5S54-00103-00021420-00021599 months I think the discount usually
+lodelYD5S54-00104-00021600-00021803 kicks in after two or three months it'll
+lodelYD5S54-00105-00021804-00021935 automatically give you a discount
+lodelYD5S54-00106-00021936-00022283 usually but I'm of the mindset of don't
+lodelYD5S54-00107-00022284-00022505 ask for permission ask for forgiveness
+lodelYD5S54-00108-00022506-00022703 so I just asked for another discount why
+lodelYD5S54-00109-00022704-00022841 not it's up to them if they want to say
+lodelYD5S54-00110-00022842-00023050 no you know and the judgment's on you
+lodelYD5S54-00111-00023051-00023255 you know like if it's locals you might
+lodelYD5S54-00112-00023256-00023422 have a different viewpoint on that right
+lodelYD5S54-00113-00023423-00023663 as opposed to some expats that are there
+lodelYD5S54-00114-00023664-00023885 renting their Airbnb but I found that
+lodelYD5S54-00115-00023886-00024077 when I asked most people they were
+lodelYD5S54-00116-00024078-00024263 willing to increase the discount and
+lodelYD5S54-00117-00024264-00024461 even if it's increased by 10 right it's
+lodelYD5S54-00118-00024462-00024683 usually like 20 to 30 if they add an
+lodelYD5S54-00119-00024684-00024983 extra 10 that is great right now there's
+lodelYD5S54-00120-00024984-00025157 a way to ask you definitely don't want
+lodelYD5S54-00121-00025158-00025342 to be like can I get a discount I would
+lodelYD5S54-00122-00025343-00025480 say something like well considering the
+lodelYD5S54-00123-00025481-00025756 fact that this is four to six months if
+lodelYD5S54-00124-00025757-00025912 you're staying for that long would it be
+lodelYD5S54-00125-00025913-00026285 possible to apply a discount of 40 and
+lodelYD5S54-00126-00026286-00026435 then I would sugar coat everything out
+lodelYD5S54-00127-00026436-00026596 the rewards surrounding it like hey
+lodelYD5S54-00128-00026597-00026977 Helen nice to meet you
+lodelYD5S54-00129-00026977-00027257 okay really quick side note growing up
+lodelYD5S54-00130-00027258-00027467 my mom and she's West Indian always used
+lodelYD5S54-00131-00027468-00027658 to pull to me I thought these random
+lodelYD5S54-00132-00027660-00027833 names for any example that she gave so
+lodelYD5S54-00133-00027833-00028108 Tom or dick or Harry and I'm like where
+lodelYD5S54-00134-00028110-00028337 do you get these names from because a
+lodelYD5S54-00135-00028338-00028511 lot of people I knew who were black
+lodelYD5S54-00136-00028512-00028696 African-American did not have these
+lodelYD5S54-00137-00028697-00028895 names but I recently put two and two
+lodelYD5S54-00138-00028895-00029123 together literally yesterday and
+lodelYD5S54-00139-00029124-00029339 realized a lot of folks in the Caribbean
+lodelYD5S54-00140-00029339-00029662 have British names like their names are
+lodelYD5S54-00141-00029663-00029951 Mary Helen like I said Kathleen is my
+lodelYD5S54-00142-00029952-00030107 mom's name Charles you know what I'm
+lodelYD5S54-00143-00030108-00030358 saying names like this and so I was like
+lodelYD5S54-00144-00030360-00030635 oh now I get it why you're using what I
+lodelYD5S54-00145-00030636-00030833 thought were these random names but they
+lodelYD5S54-00146-00030833-00031024 weren't random to you so start out with
+lodelYD5S54-00147-00031025-00031252 hi Helen pleasure to meet you hope
+lodelYD5S54-00148-00031253-00031402 you're having a lovely day and then
+lodelYD5S54-00149-00031403-00031583 continue onward right let me know if
+lodelYD5S54-00150-00031583-00031781 that works for you I would also add in
+lodelYD5S54-00151-00031782-00031967 after my hey Helen hope you're having a
+lodelYD5S54-00152-00031968-00032183 great day I'm in the process of deciding
+lodelYD5S54-00153-00032183-00032393 between a couple of locations I like
+lodelYD5S54-00154-00032394-00032579 yours let's add that in there so she
+lodelYD5S54-00155-00032580-00032717 knows she's not the only one and you
+lodelYD5S54-00156-00032718-00032896 have some Leverage and then continue on
+lodelYD5S54-00157-00032897-00033077 with my suggestion all right another
+lodelYD5S54-00158-00033078-00033287 option for a discount is if you're a
+lodelYD5S54-00159-00033288-00033509 photographer offer to take updated
+lodelYD5S54-00160-00033510-00033737 images for them all right I mean you're
+lodelYD5S54-00161-00033738-00033851 not going to know if they need updated
+lodelYD5S54-00162-00033852-00034062 images sometimes they have new furniture
+lodelYD5S54-00163-00034063-00034277 sometimes you can just see right off bat
+lodelYD5S54-00164-00034278-00034709 that their images are
+lodelYD5S54-00165-00034710-00034937 so go ahead offer your services all
+lodelYD5S54-00166-00034938-00035171 right and offer it for a discount and
+lodelYD5S54-00167-00035172-00035290 then my personal advice if you're going
+lodelYD5S54-00168-00035291-00035429 to be doing photography for their space
+lodelYD5S54-00169-00035430-00035621 as soon as you get in the space take the
+lodelYD5S54-00170-00035622-00035830 pictures so that you can just relax and
+lodelYD5S54-00171-00035831-00035999 enjoy your life after and you don't have
+lodelYD5S54-00172-00036000-00036202 to worry about adjusting things to make
+lodelYD5S54-00173-00036203-00036395 sure they look good for the picture I
+lodelYD5S54-00174-00036396-00036701 told my person to arrange the place and
+lodelYD5S54-00175-00036702-00036911 the way she would like it to look for
+lodelYD5S54-00176-00036912-00037067 the images and then I took the pictures
+lodelYD5S54-00177-00037068-00037301 and then I lived my life
+lodelYD5S54-00178-00037302-00037468 tip number four
+lodelYD5S54-00179-00037469-00037774 this last tip lends itself to once again
+lodelYD5S54-00180-00037775-00038033 getting a more budget-friendly option so
+lodelYD5S54-00181-00038034-00038279 I would definitely say book early book
+lodelYD5S54-00182-00038280-00038440 as early as you can and the thing about
+lodelYD5S54-00183-00038441-00038668 Barbados is it's becoming even more
+lodelYD5S54-00184-00038669-00038885 popular okay so if you can book months
+lodelYD5S54-00185-00038886-00039029 in advance go ahead and do that one
+lodelYD5S54-00186-00039030-00039239 you'll have way more options and two
+lodelYD5S54-00187-00039240-00039455 you'll have way more budget friendly
+lodelYD5S54-00188-00039456-00039712 options whatever your budget is all
+lodelYD5S54-00189-00039713-00039857 right and of course if you're booking an
+lodelYD5S54-00190-00039858-00040109 off season then that's going to be
+lodelYD5S54-00191-00040110-00040289 cheaper as well and I believe their off
+lodelYD5S54-00192-00040290-00040589 season is May to July and it might be in
+lodelYD5S54-00193-00040590-00040780 the fall as well I'm not sure but I know
+lodelYD5S54-00194-00040781-00040955 they're definitely heavy like around I
+lodelYD5S54-00195-00040956-00041189 think February to April or January to
+lodelYD5S54-00196-00041190-00041368 April all right so let me show you guys
+lodelYD5S54-00197-00041369-00041668 what I was saying oh one more thing A
+lodelYD5S54-00198-00041669-00041861 friend had suggested this to me if you
+lodelYD5S54-00199-00041862-00042095 can try some different locations like I
+lodelYD5S54-00200-00042096-00042239 mentioned the south coast and the West
+lodelYD5S54-00201-00042240-00042515 Coast you could definitely spend a week
+lodelYD5S54-00202-00042516-00042671 or a month if you're spending a couple
+lodelYD5S54-00203-00042672-00042868 of months in Barbados on the west coast
+lodelYD5S54-00204-00042869-00043061 just to see how you liked it I did a
+lodelYD5S54-00205-00043062-00043205 weekend there and it was cool with my
+lodelYD5S54-00206-00043206-00043415 friends for my birthday we had a great
+lodelYD5S54-00207-00043416-00043618 time you know of course like I said I
+lodelYD5S54-00208-00043619-00043823 concluded the South was best for me but
+lodelYD5S54-00209-00043824-00044074 at least I got that experience so that's
+lodelYD5S54-00210-00044075-00044207 some advice to you as well as long as
+lodelYD5S54-00211-00044208-00044333 you don't mind picking up yourself and
+lodelYD5S54-00212-00044334-00044489 packing up your stuff again which I
+lodelYD5S54-00213-00044490-00044680 actually don't like so I think I
+lodelYD5S54-00214-00044681-00044789 personally would not move more than
+lodelYD5S54-00215-00044790-00045130 twice but if you don't mind go ahead
+lodelYD5S54-00216-00045131-00045329 now before I continue if this is my
+lodelYD5S54-00217-00045330-00045485 second or third video that you've
+lodelYD5S54-00218-00045486-00045646 watched go ahead and subscribe you might
+lodelYD5S54-00219-00045647-00045923 as well because you enjoy it okay so go
+lodelYD5S54-00220-00045924-00046121 ahead and click that subscribe button
+lodelYD5S54-00221-00046122-00046289 click the notification so you always
+lodelYD5S54-00222-00046290-00046480 know about my videos and when they
+lodelYD5S54-00223-00046481-00046774 Premiere yeah because why not go ahead
+lodelYD5S54-00224-00046775-00046979 click subscribe all right so the first
+lodelYD5S54-00225-00046980-00047183 place I was staying was Cloverly
+lodelYD5S54-00226-00047184-00047435 Cloverly is like this big Community it's
+lodelYD5S54-00227-00047436-00047602 kind of like a apparently it was
+lodelYD5S54-00228-00047603-00047765 supposed to be where older people lived
+lodelYD5S54-00229-00047766-00047957 initially but now it belongs or houses
+lodelYD5S54-00230-00047958-00048190 mostly raw students University students
+lodelYD5S54-00231-00048191-00048389 on one side and then the on the other
+lodelYD5S54-00232-00048390-00048712 side are people who aren't students so I
+lodelYD5S54-00233-00048713-00048965 saw a range of people honestly mostly
+lodelYD5S54-00234-00048966-00049157 families there were some single folks
+lodelYD5S54-00235-00049158-00049336 there as well but I didn't feel out of
+lodelYD5S54-00236-00049337-00049511 place basically because once again
+lodelYD5S54-00237-00049512-00049733 you're getting the mixture of people but
+lodelYD5S54-00238-00049734-00049907 the great thing about Cloverly is it
+lodelYD5S54-00239-00049908-00050105 almost feels like a gated community and
+lodelYD5S54-00240-00050106-00050327 so if you're someone who's like really
+lodelYD5S54-00241-00050328-00050507 hesitant about being in another country
+lodelYD5S54-00242-00050508-00050758 by yourself you know that's like the
+lodelYD5S54-00243-00050759-00050927 safest you can get and Barbados is
+lodelYD5S54-00244-00050928-00051083 pretty safe by the way but that's the
+lodelYD5S54-00245-00051084-00051257 safest you can good they've got security
+lodelYD5S54-00246-00051258-00051526 cameras everywhere people know who you
+lodelYD5S54-00247-00051527-00051646 are because they see you're walking
+lodelYD5S54-00248-00051647-00051814 around it's so safe that people be
+lodelYD5S54-00249-00051815-00052042 jogging at like 12 a.m oh and the great
+lodelYD5S54-00250-00052044-00052204 thing about this area is they also have
+lodelYD5S54-00251-00052205-00052361 restaurants
+lodelYD5S54-00252-00052362-00052499 these people ain't even paying me to say
+lodelYD5S54-00253-00052500-00052591 this
+lodelYD5S54-00254-00052591-00052907 they have restaurants in a section like
+lodelYD5S54-00255-00052908-00053159 in the little Hub they also have I don't
+lodelYD5S54-00256-00053160-00053273 know what it's called like the center of
+lodelYD5S54-00257-00053274-00053404 the community and some pretty good
+lodelYD5S54-00258-00053405-00053573 restaurants actually there's like a
+lodelYD5S54-00259-00053574-00053729 space where you can sit down and eat
+lodelYD5S54-00260-00053729-00053879 kind of where everyone like comes
+lodelYD5S54-00261-00053879-00054166 together they also have Banks yeah two
+lodelYD5S54-00262-00054167-00054376 Banks they have a fitness center and
+lodelYD5S54-00263-00054377-00054641 they have a grocery store which is the
+lodelYD5S54-00264-00054641-00054797 Massey grocery store which is the more
+lodelYD5S54-00265-00054798-00054953 expensive grocery store if you're
+lodelYD5S54-00266-00054954-00055194 watching my video on my grocery shopping
+lodelYD5S54-00267-00055195-00055450 but the great thing is it's accessible
+lodelYD5S54-00268-00055451-00055576 once again and it's like a five minute
+lodelYD5S54-00269-00055577-00055787 walk from most places in Cloverly so I
+lodelYD5S54-00270-00055788-00055985 really like that space Here's a preview
+lodelYD5S54-00271-00055986-00056153 into Myspace and what it looked like
+lodelYD5S54-00272-00056154-00056380 here's the living room most of the
+lodelYD5S54-00273-00056382-00056549 houses are around this size it's my
+lodelYD5S54-00274-00056550-00056680 understanding they're building newer
+lodelYD5S54-00275-00056682-00056885 houses that have a larger space you know
+lodelYD5S54-00276-00056886-00057088 check out what you see on Airbnb this
+lodelYD5S54-00277-00057089-00057221 was my bedroom
+lodelYD5S54-00278-00057222-00057407 and then here's like a little toward and
+lodelYD5S54-00279-00057408-00057521 what it looked like now I really
+lodelYD5S54-00280-00057522-00057773 appreciated having a two bedroom I only
+lodelYD5S54-00281-00057774-00057911 took the space because it aligned with
+lodelYD5S54-00282-00057912-00058073 my budget or what I wanted to spend
+lodelYD5S54-00283-00058074-00058313 rather but having a two bedroom y'all
+lodelYD5S54-00284-00058314-00058475 was so perfect because it gave me an
+lodelYD5S54-00285-00058476-00058666 office space to work in now I did
+lodelYD5S54-00286-00058667-00058882 realize later that I enjoyed working in
+lodelYD5S54-00287-00058883-00059038 their like Central area where the
+lodelYD5S54-00288-00059039-00059230 restaurants were outside more but it was
+lodelYD5S54-00289-00059232-00059447 great to have both options so that's one
+lodelYD5S54-00290-00059448-00059669 space now here's my West Coast space
+lodelYD5S54-00291-00059670-00059854 that I was staying in with my friends
+lodelYD5S54-00292-00059855-00060166 this is it what it looked like these are
+lodelYD5S54-00293-00060167-00060376 the bedrooms this was the downstairs
+lodelYD5S54-00294-00060377-00060641 area where our living room was and we
+lodelYD5S54-00295-00060641-00060971 also ate here the kitchen the outside
+lodelYD5S54-00296-00060972-00061294 pool and yes it was like a much bigger
+lodelYD5S54-00297-00061295-00061432 space of course because I was putting it
+lodelYD5S54-00298-00061433-00061649 with like five other people but it was
+lodelYD5S54-00299-00061650-00061871 lovely yeah I think it was a pretty good
+lodelYD5S54-00300-00061872-00062176 price for vacation vacation homes it
+lodelYD5S54-00301-00062177-00062332 gets pricier when you're staying there
+lodelYD5S54-00302-00062333-00062591 for months and honestly the pricing to
+lodelYD5S54-00303-00062591-00062825 me is comparable to New York pricing so
+lodelYD5S54-00304-00062826-00063071 just be aware just that and then my
+lodelYD5S54-00305-00063072-00063191 final space and I'm showing you all
+lodelYD5S54-00306-00063191-00063382 these spaces because they were highly
+lodelYD5S54-00307-00063383-00063706 requested but to be honest and smart I
+lodelYD5S54-00308-00063707-00063821 didn't want to show them when I was
+lodelYD5S54-00309-00063822-00064030 actually staying here now this space was
+lodelYD5S54-00310-00064032-00064211 actually my favorite space and I'll go
+lodelYD5S54-00311-00064212-00064354 ahead and Link the airbnbs that are
+lodelYD5S54-00312-00064355-00064504 available which I think these last two
+lodelYD5S54-00313-00064505-00064744 are below but this one I really liked
+lodelYD5S54-00314-00064745-00064949 because it felt like a home there was a
+lodelYD5S54-00315-00064950-00065147 pool right outside and it was very close
+lodelYD5S54-00316-00065148-00065459 to hugin Villa which had the beach and
+lodelYD5S54-00317-00065460-00065663 sandals where the beach is and so it was
+lodelYD5S54-00318-00065664-00065776 nice to be able to walk down the street
+lodelYD5S54-00319-00065777-00065975 and stay at the beach there so I
+lodelYD5S54-00320-00065976-00066215 recommend this space the owner was great
+lodelYD5S54-00321-00066216-00066473 very accommodating and yeah and it was
+lodelYD5S54-00322-00066474-00066676 super clean that is my space that I
+lodelYD5S54-00323-00066677-00066832 recommend and I recommend the West Coast
+lodelYD5S54-00324-00066833-00067132 space okay so there you guys have it I
+lodelYD5S54-00325-00067133-00067319 gave you what you've been asking for I
+lodelYD5S54-00326-00067320-00067487 hope this is helpful if you have more
+lodelYD5S54-00327-00067488-00067661 questions let me know I'm happy to
+lodelYD5S54-00328-00067662-00067805 answer them and I always answer all the
+lodelYD5S54-00329-00067806-00067973 questions in the comments all right and
+lodelYD5S54-00330-00067974-00068105 comment below to let me know which
+lodelYD5S54-00331-00068106-00068285 Airbnb you like the best do you think
+lodelYD5S54-00332-00068286-00068453 you'd be staying on the South Coast or
+lodelYD5S54-00333-00068454-00068687 the west coast and which space would you
+lodelYD5S54-00334-00068688-00068861 stay in
+lodelYD5S54-00335-00068862-00069119 did you enjoy that video do you want
+lodelYD5S54-00336-00069120-00069359 some more information on Barbados so you
+lodelYD5S54-00337-00069360-00069611 can make some good decisions go ahead
+lodelYD5S54-00338-00069612-00069785 and watch that video
+lodelYD5S54-00339-00069786-00069905 click
+lodelYD5S54-00340-00069906-00070172 enjoy
+l10Ss0GFUio-00000-00000077-00001576 [Music]
+l10Ss0GFUio-00001-00001577-00001829 - yeah we'll be talking about condos you
+l10Ss0GFUio-00002-00001830-00001997 can see right Wow
+l10Ss0GFUio-00003-00001998-00002243 but in this video is another budget
+l10Ss0GFUio-00004-00002244-00002465 clear video I'm going to be talking
+l10Ss0GFUio-00005-00002466-00002705 about this wood-burning stove I have two
+l10Ss0GFUio-00006-00002706-00002882 here it's what I've been using the last
+l10Ss0GFUio-00007-00002883-00003065 two two big years I think it's big I
+l10Ss0GFUio-00008-00003066-00003290 think a fantastic I really highly
+l10Ss0GFUio-00009-00003290-00003377 recommend it
+l10Ss0GFUio-00010-00003378-00003626 they don't come with color the second
+l10Ss0GFUio-00011-00003627-00003776 one I'm going to show you they I break
+l10Ss0GFUio-00012-00003777-00004220 this one but that wood burning stove
+l10Ss0GFUio-00013-00004221-00004387 paint and a liquid paint
+l10Ss0GFUio-00014-00004388-00004685 yeah so if the stove if you can see it's
+l10Ss0GFUio-00015-00004686-00004838 quite person for that it's other way a
+l10Ss0GFUio-00016-00004839-00005171 lot wait at the Amen it's not that big
+l10Ss0GFUio-00017-00005172-00005443 it's more of them I hunt
+l10Ss0GFUio-00018-00005444-00005654 alright the publisher's bit bigger than
+l10Ss0GFUio-00019-00005655-00005783 my hand but if I thought that powder
+l10Ss0GFUio-00020-00005784-00006152 opportunist Saint work with my hand and
+l10Ss0GFUio-00021-00006153-00006342 [Music]
+l10Ss0GFUio-00022-00006343-00006848 then with my finger so yeah do highly
+l10Ss0GFUio-00023-00006848-00007081 recommend nice as well it's just
+l10Ss0GFUio-00024-00007083-00007303 something I think fantastic piece okay
+l10Ss0GFUio-00025-00007304-00007474 all right I'm not gonna show you this
+l10Ss0GFUio-00026-00007475-00007603 one cuz don't feel fear and I'm not
+l10Ss0GFUio-00027-00007604-00007883 gonna get my muck don't weigh like is
+l10Ss0GFUio-00028-00007884-00008467 like by unit so no I said the same way
+l10Ss0GFUio-00029-00008468-00008770 so choice but alright and then so this
+l10Ss0GFUio-00030-00008771-00008935 is the stove as you can see it's not my
+l10Ss0GFUio-00031-00008936-00009370 big it doesn't come this to collar as I
+l10Ss0GFUio-00032-00009371-00009791 say it comes silver just come facing
+l10Ss0GFUio-00033-00009792-00010001 metal silver or silver it doesn't cost a
+l10Ss0GFUio-00034-00010002-00010019 lot
+l10Ss0GFUio-00035-00010020-00010205 I'll get the price up to go guys I think
+l10Ss0GFUio-00036-00010206-00010414 it's six pound this one here it cost me
+l10Ss0GFUio-00037-00010415-00010808 less than that this one to go but they
+l10Ss0GFUio-00038-00010809-00011066 don't do that one anymore so this one
+l10Ss0GFUio-00039-00011067-00011989 here is six pound and 45 P 6040 5p for
+l10Ss0GFUio-00040-00011990-00012194 stuff it does come with a little Oh itch
+l10Ss0GFUio-00041-00012195-00012463 I don't use it I don't might come they
+l10Ss0GFUio-00042-00012464-00012628 say they caught a meth and that's a bit
+l10Ss0GFUio-00043-00012629-00012887 it's an ephah its billing dish yeah
+l10Ss0GFUio-00044-00012888-00013096 alcohol stove but I don't like it so I
+l10Ss0GFUio-00045-00013097-00013262 thought that I just use them as a
+l10Ss0GFUio-00046-00013263-00013816 wood-burning stove my shine gia goes in
+l10Ss0GFUio-00047-00013818-00014116 here so it don't worry MA so yeah these
+l10Ss0GFUio-00048-00014118-00014572 are Stokes yeah I like it because what I
+l10Ss0GFUio-00049-00014573-00014727 like about it as well
+l10Ss0GFUio-00050-00014728-00015021 it's like some of of common or different
+l10Ss0GFUio-00051-00015022-00015204 parts these this one as you can see it
+l10Ss0GFUio-00052-00015205-00015561 is all on hinges see that's how flat ago
+l10Ss0GFUio-00053-00015562-00015909 because we Steve gleeful at they're all
+l10Ss0GFUio-00054-00015910-00016203 on hinges all these pieces are in hinges
+l10Ss0GFUio-00055-00016204-00016395 the only piece what's not on hinge is a
+l10Ss0GFUio-00056-00016396-00016718 base pad
+l10Ss0GFUio-00057-00016719-00017066 yeah every good stoves whiskey highly
+l10Ss0GFUio-00058-00017067-00017402 recommend don't so I'll leave a link in
+l10Ss0GFUio-00059-00017403-00017552 the description for you guys I do
+l10Ss0GFUio-00060-00017553-00017762 apologize to you guys in America I I
+l10Ss0GFUio-00061-00017763-00018002 work for I'd look for a link but I'm
+l10Ss0GFUio-00062-00018003-00018203 sorry if you can find one police pull it
+l10Ss0GFUio-00063-00018204-00018431 in you please put it in the in your
+l10Ss0GFUio-00064-00018432-00018880 comment and all in it so don't you think
+l10Ss0GFUio-00065-00018881-00019175 on them that's a certain quality
+l10Ss0GFUio-00066-00019176-00019547 recommend um I do use them and they are
+l10Ss0GFUio-00067-00019548-00019814 budget on me so and then I'm gonna close
+l10Ss0GFUio-00068-00019815-00020141 enough so how do you think um we will
+l10Ss0GFUio-00069-00020142-00020561 see you soon guys make so much watching
+l10Ss0GFUio-00070-00020562-00021725 [Music]
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+l6hLmPECq7o-00000-00000003-00000359 relax remember that you can get what you
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+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00000-00000051-00000206 [Music]
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00001-00000208-00000359 if everything you saw
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00002-00000360-00000663 is true the end of the world is far
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00003-00000664-00001062 closer than we'd like
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+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00006-00001544-00001710 when will this cree invasion take place
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00007-00001711-00001887 clint oh
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00008-00001888-00003023 no don't die on me yeah
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00009-00003024-00003214 fools
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00010-00003215-00003447 [Music]
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00011-00003447-00003719 where's nick fury something's never
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00012-00003720-00004063 changed
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00013-00004064-00006391 who's the murderer hobo katie clinton's
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00014-00006392-00006550 [Music]
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00015-00006551-00006798 yeah it's not one of those fun
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00016-00006800-00006983 apocalypses
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00017-00006984-00007581 oh my god
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00018-00007583-00008257 [Music]
+l8eJn8Yv2Lk-00019-00008258-00008570 [Music]
+l8V0keSMGwu-00000-00000012-00000336 the Iraq national football team Arabic
+l8V0keSMGwu-00001-00000337-00000588 almond Katy Iraqi liquor altom
+l8V0keSMGwu-00002-00000589-00000777 represents Iraq in international
+l8V0keSMGwu-00003-00000778-00001035 football the team is known by its fans
+l8V0keSMGwu-00004-00001036-00001311 as you sued Al Rafa Dane Arabic as Al
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+l8V0keSMGwu-00011-00002665-00002925 of Arab Football Association's you AFA
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+l8V0keSMGwu-00015-00003526-00003698 members to have won the continents most
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+l8V0keSMGwu-00017-00003985-00004220 done so in 2007 when they beat Saudi
+l8V0keSMGwu-00018-00004221-00004547 Arabia won 2-0 in the final the triumph
+l8V0keSMGwu-00019-00004548-00004730 has been described as one of football's
+l8V0keSMGwu-00020-00004731-00004925 greatest fairytale victories with the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00021-00004926-00005127 team managing to eliminate competitors
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+l8V0keSMGwu-00023-00005292-00005450 resources on their way to the title
+l8V0keSMGwu-00024-00005451-00005684 bringing joy and unity to the people of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00025-00005685-00005984 their war-torn nation Iraq also achieved
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+l8V0keSMGwu-00027-00006183-00006368 senior competition winning the gold
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+l8V0keSMGwu-00029-00006658-00006981 won 2-0 in the decisive match the team
+l8V0keSMGwu-00030-00006981-00007212 has been awarded the AFC National Team
+l8V0keSMGwu-00031-00007213-00007443 of the Year award twice and the under-20
+l8V0keSMGwu-00032-00007444-00007673 team has won the award once only Japan
+l8V0keSMGwu-00033-00007675-00007877 have won the award on more occasions
+l8V0keSMGwu-00034-00007878-00008343 from 1964 to 1988 Iraq achieved multiple
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+l8V0keSMGwu-00037-00008770-00008985 nations Cup titles and the gold medal at
+l8V0keSMGwu-00038-00008986-00009273 the pan Arab games they added West Asian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00039-00009274-00009486 honors to their cabinet in the 2000s
+l8V0keSMGwu-00040-00009487-00009696 defeating Jordan three to two after
+l8V0keSMGwu-00041-00009697-00009927 extra time to win the 2002 waft
+l8V0keSMGwu-00042-00009928-00010137 championship and beating Syria in a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00043-00010138-00010341 penalty shootout to claim gold at the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00044-00010342-00010605 2005 West Asian Games Iraq have
+l8V0keSMGwu-00045-00010606-00010833 participated in the FIFA World Cup once
+l8V0keSMGwu-00046-00010834-00011061 in 1986 and in the FIFA Confederations
+l8V0keSMGwu-00047-00011062-00011319 Cup once in 2009
+l8V0keSMGwu-00048-00011320-00011508 being eliminated in the group stage both
+l8V0keSMGwu-00049-00011509-00011748 times they reached as far as the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00050-00011749-00011946 quarterfinals in the Olympic Games when
+l8V0keSMGwu-00051-00011947-00012093 it was a senior tournament with the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00052-00012094-00012324 under-23 team going even further in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00053-00012325-00012585 later years the team has been ranked as
+l8V0keSMGwu-00054-00012586-00012827 high as 39th in the FIFA World Rankings
+l8V0keSMGwu-00055-00012828-00013227 which they achieved in October 2004
+l8V0keSMGwu-00056-00013228-00013578 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00057-00013579-00014079 topic history
+l8V0keSMGwu-00058-00014080-00014418 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00059-00014419-00014933 topic early years
+l8V0keSMGwu-00060-00014934-00015281 as early as 1923 an Iraqi team known as
+l8V0keSMGwu-00061-00015282-00015519 Baghdad 11 controlled by the Baghdad
+l8V0keSMGwu-00062-00015519-00015734 Football Association started to play
+l8V0keSMGwu-00063-00015735-00016016 matches against British Army teams the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00064-00016018-00016266 Baghdad FA soon disbanded and it was not
+l8V0keSMGwu-00065-00016266-00016523 until the 8th of October 1948 that the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00066-00016524-00016736 Iraq Football Association was founded
+l8V0keSMGwu-00067-00016737-00017133 the Iraq FA joined FIFA in 1950 and on
+l8V0keSMGwu-00068-00017134-00017427 the 2nd of May 1951 Iraq played their
+l8V0keSMGwu-00069-00017428-00017661 first match a one-to-one draw to a team
+l8V0keSMGwu-00070-00017662-00017955 named Basra 11 Iraq's first ever
+l8V0keSMGwu-00071-00017956-00018158 official international game came in the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00072-00018159-00018440 opening game of the 1957 pan Arab games
+l8V0keSMGwu-00073-00018441-00018689 in Beirut where Iraq drew three to three
+l8V0keSMGwu-00074-00018690-00018962 to Morocco with goals from mo ba ba yura
+l8V0keSMGwu-00075-00018963-00019272 a Shia and Fakhri Muhammad Salman Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00076-00019273-00019433 were eventually knocked out in the group
+l8V0keSMGwu-00077-00019434-00019686 stage of that tournament one of the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00078-00019687-00019883 members of Iraq's first national team
+l8V0keSMGwu-00079-00019884-00020192 was Yura a Shia who in 1954 became the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00080-00020193-00020390 first Iraqi footballer to play abroad
+l8V0keSMGwu-00081-00020391-00020564 and in Europe for English Football
+l8V0keSMGwu-00082-00020565-00020850 League side Bristol Rovers he spent 18
+l8V0keSMGwu-00083-00020851-00021065 months playing for the third team known
+l8V0keSMGwu-00084-00021066-00021267 as the Colts in the reserve team before
+l8V0keSMGwu-00085-00021268-00021653 returning to Iraq in late 1955 in 1962
+l8V0keSMGwu-00086-00021654-00021846 Iraq appointed their first foreign
+l8V0keSMGwu-00087-00021847-00022108 manager Romanian coach Cornell drusen
+l8V0keSMGwu-00088-00022109-00022484 Iraq won their first trophy in 1964 when
+l8V0keSMGwu-00089-00022485-00022683 they hosted and won the Arab nations Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00090-00022684-00022856 winning three and drawing one of their
+l8V0keSMGwu-00091-00022857-00023087 four games the next year they
+l8V0keSMGwu-00092-00023088-00023312 participated in the pan Arab games for
+l8V0keSMGwu-00093-00023313-00023462 the second time but were once again
+l8V0keSMGwu-00094-00023463-00023705 knocked out in the group stage the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00095-00023706-00023894 following year they lost the final of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00096-00023895-00024161 the 1966 Tripoli fair tournament to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00097-00024162-00024368 Morocco but also retained their Arab
+l8V0keSMGwu-00098-00024369-00024539 nations Cup title that year beating
+l8V0keSMGwu-00099-00024540-00024950 Syria two-to-one in the final in 1967
+l8V0keSMGwu-00100-00024951-00025136 Iraq claimed the Tripoli fair tournament
+l8V0keSMGwu-00101-00025137-00025394 title with two wins and one draw and two
+l8V0keSMGwu-00102-00025395-00025547 years later they finished fifth at the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00103-00025548-00025796 John educe T Friendship Cup hosted in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00104-00025797-00026214 Iran in 1972 Iraq hosted and reached the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00105-00026214-00026379 final of the Palestine Cup of Nations
+l8V0keSMGwu-00106-00026380-00026708 losing the decisive match to Egypt that
+l8V0keSMGwu-00107-00026709-00026910 year Iraq also played at their first
+l8V0keSMGwu-00108-00026911-00027140 ever AFC Asian Cup but failed to win a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00109-00027141-00027462 game in the tournament in March 1973
+l8V0keSMGwu-00110-00027463-00027665 Barack played their first ever FIFA
+l8V0keSMGwu-00111-00027666-00027942 World Cup qualifying campaign they
+l8V0keSMGwu-00112-00027943-00028133 finished second in their group a point
+l8V0keSMGwu-00113-00028134-00028242 behind Australia
+l8V0keSMGwu-00114-00028243-00028302 therefore
+l8V0keSMGwu-00115-00028302-00028572 to qualify for the next round in the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00116-00028573-00028818 remaining years of the 1970s Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00117-00028819-00028992 reached the second round of the Asian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00118-00028993-00029316 Games 1974 lost the Palestine Cup of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00119-00029317-00029661 Nations final 1975 lost the Arabian Gulf
+l8V0keSMGwu-00120-00029662-00029973 Cup final 1976 finished fourth at the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00121-00029974-00030330 AFC Asian Cup 1976 lost two consecutive
+l8V0keSMGwu-00122-00030331-00030741 Merdeka tournament finals 1977 and 1978
+l8V0keSMGwu-00123-00030742-00031052 finished fourth in the Asian Games 1978
+l8V0keSMGwu-00124-00031054-00031272 and finally hosted and won the Arabian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00125-00031273-00031725 Gulf Cup 1979 the 1976 Asian Cup would
+l8V0keSMGwu-00126-00031726-00031938 be the last Asian Cup that Iraq appeared
+l8V0keSMGwu-00127-00031939-00032112 in for the next 20 years as they
+l8V0keSMGwu-00128-00032113-00032761 withdrew from the next four editions
+l8V0keSMGwu-00129-00032762-00033417 topic 1980s the golden era
+l8V0keSMGwu-00130-00033418-00033711 the 1980s was arguably Iraq's most
+l8V0keSMGwu-00131-00033712-00033987 successful period in their history they
+l8V0keSMGwu-00132-00033988-00034173 started the decade off disappointingly
+l8V0keSMGwu-00133-00034174-00034350 being knocked out in the first round of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00134-00034351-00034638 qualifiers for the 1982 FIFA World Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00135-00034639-00034947 in 1981 they won the Merdeka tournament
+l8V0keSMGwu-00136-00034948-00035163 for the first time and followed that up
+l8V0keSMGwu-00137-00035164-00035379 by winning the gold medal at the 1982
+l8V0keSMGwu-00138-00035380-00035601 Asian Games meanwhile the reserve team
+l8V0keSMGwu-00139-00035602-00035862 finished third at the 1983 Mara Halim
+l8V0keSMGwu-00140-00035863-00036246 Cup in 1984 Iraq won both the Arabian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00141-00036247-00036432 Gulf Cup and the merlion Cup and the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00142-00036433-00036597 following year they finished fourth at
+l8V0keSMGwu-00143-00036598-00036807 the 1985 Presidents Cup football
+l8V0keSMGwu-00144-00036808-00037113 tournament won the 1985 Arab nations Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00145-00037114-00037362 and also won the gold medal at the 1985
+l8V0keSMGwu-00146-00037363-00037677 pan Arab games after all this success
+l8V0keSMGwu-00147-00037678-00037917 Iraq topped it off by qualifying for the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00148-00037918-00038166 1986 FIFA World Cup with a win over
+l8V0keSMGwu-00149-00038167-00038466 Syria this was the first and last time
+l8V0keSMGwu-00150-00038467-00038669 to date that Iraq have achieved this
+l8V0keSMGwu-00151-00038670-00038937 having finished in a lowly sixth place
+l8V0keSMGwu-00152-00038938-00039237 at the 1986 Arabian Gulf Cup Iraq were
+l8V0keSMGwu-00153-00039238-00039516 unfit seed in the 1986 FIFA World Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00154-00039517-00039711 however Iraq lost all three of their
+l8V0keSMGwu-00155-00039712-00039909 games in the tournament by just one goal
+l8V0keSMGwu-00156-00039910-00040062 and would have drawn the opening game
+l8V0keSMGwu-00157-00040063-00040260 against Paraguay had the referee not
+l8V0keSMGwu-00158-00040261-00040460 disallowed a legitimate Iraqi goal
+l8V0keSMGwu-00159-00040461-00040728 Iraq's only goal in the tournament was
+l8V0keSMGwu-00160-00040729-00040956 scored by Ahmed Roddy the second highest
+l8V0keSMGwu-00161-00040957-00041199 goalscorer in Iraq's history with 62
+l8V0keSMGwu-00162-00041200-00041466 goals behind Hussain Saeed who scored 78
+l8V0keSMGwu-00163-00041467-00041778 goals in the following years Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00164-00041779-00042018 reached the quarterfinals of the 1986
+l8V0keSMGwu-00165-00042019-00042300 Asian Games won the 1988 arabian gulf
+l8V0keSMGwu-00166-00042301-00042486 cup reached the quarterfinals of the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00167-00042487-00042759 1988 Presidents Cup football tournament
+l8V0keSMGwu-00168-00042760-00043008 won the 1988 Arab nations Cup were
+l8V0keSMGwu-00169-00043009-00043227 knocked out at the first round of 1990
+l8V0keSMGwu-00170-00043228-00043449 FIFA World Cup qualification and won the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00171-00043450-00043782 1989 peace and friendship Cup overall
+l8V0keSMGwu-00172-00043783-00044070 Iraq won nine competitions in the 1980s
+l8V0keSMGwu-00173-00044071-00044250 and played in their only ever world cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00174-00044251-00044424 leading many to believe that this was
+l8V0keSMGwu-00175-00044425-00045086 the golden era of Iraqi football
+l8V0keSMGwu-00176-00045087-00045735 topic 1990s the dark era
+l8V0keSMGwu-00177-00045736-00046035 in 1990 Iraq withdrew from the 10th
+l8V0keSMGwu-00178-00046036-00046236 Arabian Gulf Cup after complaining about
+l8V0keSMGwu-00179-00046237-00046395 the referee in their match against the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00180-00046396-00046683 United Arab Emirates following the Iraqi
+l8V0keSMGwu-00181-00046684-00046808 invasion of Kuwait
+l8V0keSMGwu-00182-00046809-00046986 later that year Iraq were kicked out of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00183-00046987-00047160 the tournament and didn't return until
+l8V0keSMGwu-00184-00047161-00047462 2004 they were also banned from the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00185-00047463-00047652 Asian Games and Arab nations Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00186-00047653-00047837 tournaments for the same reason leading
+l8V0keSMGwu-00187-00047838-00047990 them to participate in friendly
+l8V0keSMGwu-00188-00047991-00048377 competitions instead in the 1992 Jordan
+l8V0keSMGwu-00189-00048378-00048587 international tournament Iraq recorded
+l8V0keSMGwu-00190-00048588-00048795 their biggest ever win a 13 to 0
+l8V0keSMGwu-00191-00048796-00049098 demolition of Ethiopia Iraq reached the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00192-00049099-00049323 final of the tournament but lost to 2-0
+l8V0keSMGwu-00193-00049324-00049580 to Jordan the following year Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00194-00049581-00049886 participated in qualifiers for the 1994
+l8V0keSMGwu-00195-00049887-00050061 FIFA World Cup and reached the final
+l8V0keSMGwu-00196-00050062-00050268 round but finished 4th in the group
+l8V0keSMGwu-00197-00050269-00050462 missing out on a World Cup spot by two
+l8V0keSMGwu-00198-00050463-00050736 points by drawing their last game with
+l8V0keSMGwu-00199-00050737-00050976 Japan to 2-2 they denied the Japanese a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00200-00050977-00051176 place in the finals in a match referred
+l8V0keSMGwu-00201-00051177-00051389 to by the Japanese media as the agony of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00202-00051390-00051804 Doha Iraq won both the 1995 Nehru Cup in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00203-00051804-00052046 the 1995 Merdeka tournament and the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00204-00052047-00052240 following year they participated in the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00205-00052241-00052578 1996 AFC Asian Cup their first Asian Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00206-00052579-00052863 campaign for 20 years they reached the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00207-00052864-00053063 quarter-finals but lost to the United
+l8V0keSMGwu-00208-00053064-00053255 Arab Emirates thanks to a golden goal
+l8V0keSMGwu-00209-00053257-00053628 scored by Abdul Rahman Ibrahim in 1996
+l8V0keSMGwu-00210-00053629-00053934 Iraq was ranked 139th in the world which
+l8V0keSMGwu-00211-00053935-00054090 is their worst FIFA ranking in their
+l8V0keSMGwu-00212-00054091-00054363 history Iraq retained their Nehru Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00213-00054364-00054617 title in 1997 and that year they also
+l8V0keSMGwu-00214-00054619-00054921 participated in qualifiers for the 1998
+l8V0keSMGwu-00215-00054922-00055122 FIFA World Cup but were knocked out at
+l8V0keSMGwu-00216-00055123-00055319 the first round following two defeats to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00217-00055320-00055607 Kazakhstan Iraq reached the final of the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00218-00055608-00055913 1999 pan Arab games they were losing for
+l8V0keSMGwu-00219-00055914-00056124 2-0 in the final against Jordan with
+l8V0keSMGwu-00220-00056125-00056306 just 20 minutes of the game remaining
+l8V0keSMGwu-00221-00056307-00056492 but produced a stunning comeback to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00222-00056494-00056712 score four goals in the space of 14
+l8V0keSMGwu-00223-00056713-00056879 minutes to take the game to extra time
+l8V0keSMGwu-00224-00056880-00057084 and eventually a penalty shootout which
+l8V0keSMGwu-00225-00057085-00057329 Iraq lost 3 to 1 to take the silver
+l8V0keSMGwu-00226-00057330-00057731 medal in 1999 Iraq also participated in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00227-00057732-00057926 the international friendship Cup and won
+l8V0keSMGwu-00228-00057927-00058079 the Cup ahead of the United Arab
+l8V0keSMGwu-00229-00058080-00058391 Emirates Estonia and Turkmenistan this
+l8V0keSMGwu-00230-00058392-00058631 period is known as the dark era as O'Dea
+l8V0keSMGwu-00231-00058632-00058890 Hussein the son of Saddam Hussein abused
+l8V0keSMGwu-00232-00058891-00059115 his control of Iraqi football and
+l8V0keSMGwu-00233-00059116-00059253 Richard players who played poorly
+l8V0keSMGwu-00234-00059254-00059432 punishing them by sending them to prison
+l8V0keSMGwu-00235-00059433-00059636 making them bathed in raw sewage and
+l8V0keSMGwu-00236-00059637-00059823 kicked concrete balls and shaving their
+l8V0keSMGwu-00237-00059824-00060501 heads among many other awful punishments
+l8V0keSMGwu-00238-00060502-00061129 topic two thousands champions of Asia
+l8V0keSMGwu-00239-00061130-00061446 Iraq started the 2000s by finishing in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00240-00061447-00061626 third place in the first-ever wolf
+l8V0keSMGwu-00241-00061627-00061848 championship in 2000 while the reserve
+l8V0keSMGwu-00242-00061849-00062010 team finished as runners-up in the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00243-00062011-00062298 independence Cup that year Iraq also
+l8V0keSMGwu-00244-00062299-00062553 played in the 2000 AFC Asian Cup but
+l8V0keSMGwu-00245-00062554-00062651 were knocked out at the quarter-final
+l8V0keSMGwu-00246-00062652-00062942 stage again this time by Japan in a four
+l8V0keSMGwu-00247-00062944-00063216 to one loss Iraq reached the second
+l8V0keSMGwu-00248-00063216-00063438 round of 2002 FIFA World Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00249-00063439-00063636 qualification but lost five of their
+l8V0keSMGwu-00250-00063637-00063819 eight second round games and therefore
+l8V0keSMGwu-00251-00063820-00064088 failed to make the finals Iraq won their
+l8V0keSMGwu-00252-00064089-00064350 first-ever wofe championship in 2002
+l8V0keSMGwu-00253-00064351-00064611 beating Jordan 3 to 2 in the final after
+l8V0keSMGwu-00254-00064612-00064832 extra time despite being two goals down
+l8V0keSMGwu-00255-00064833-00064994 in this game
+l8V0keSMGwu-00256-00064995-00065172 Eunice Mahmud scored his first official
+l8V0keSMGwu-00257-00065173-00065400 goal for Iraq right at the end of normal
+l8V0keSMGwu-00258-00065401-00065574 time to take the match to extra time
+l8V0keSMGwu-00259-00065575-00065784 Mahmud would go on to become a Rock's
+l8V0keSMGwu-00260-00065785-00066153 most capped player ever in 2004 Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00261-00066154-00066354 finished fourth in the waft championship
+l8V0keSMGwu-00262-00066355-00066555 reached the quarterfinals of the AFC
+l8V0keSMGwu-00263-00066556-00066744 Asian Cup were knocked out at the second
+l8V0keSMGwu-00264-00066745-00067038 round of 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifiers
+l8V0keSMGwu-00265-00067039-00067173 and were knocked out in the group stage
+l8V0keSMGwu-00266-00067174-00067563 of the Arabian Gulf Cup in 2004 Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00267-00067564-00067779 were ranked as high as 39th in the world
+l8V0keSMGwu-00268-00067780-00067962 rankings which is their highest ranking
+l8V0keSMGwu-00269-00067963-00068205 position in their history the following
+l8V0keSMGwu-00270-00068206-00068444 year Iraq participated in the West Asian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00271-00068445-00068634 Games for the first time and won the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00272-00068635-00068856 gold medal by beating Syria in the final
+l8V0keSMGwu-00273-00068857-00069066 via a penalty shootout with goalkeeper
+l8V0keSMGwu-00274-00069067-00069267 Nour Sabri saving two penalties in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00275-00069268-00069636 scoring one himself in 2007 Iraq were
+l8V0keSMGwu-00276-00069637-00069782 knocked out at the group stage of the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00277-00069783-00070068 Arabian Gulf Cup the exit from the Gulf
+l8V0keSMGwu-00278-00070069-00070238 Cup happened in very controversial
+l8V0keSMGwu-00279-00070239-00070476 circumstances as Iraq attempted to make
+l8V0keSMGwu-00280-00070477-00070671 an agreement with Saudi Arabia to draw
+l8V0keSMGwu-00281-00070672-00070826 the final game which would put both
+l8V0keSMGwu-00282-00070827-00071031 teams through to the next round the Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00283-00071032-00071250 manager Akram Salman told the Iraqi
+l8V0keSMGwu-00284-00071251-00071430 players not to win the game but the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00285-00071431-00071619 Saudi Arabian players were unaware of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00286-00071620-00071793 any agreement and went on to win the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00287-00071794-00071976 game and knock a rock out of the Cup a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00288-00071977-00072267 few months later Iraq reached the final
+l8V0keSMGwu-00289-00072268-00072504 of the waft championship but lost to 2-1
+l8V0keSMGwu-00290-00072505-00072926 to Iran in July 2007 Iraq led by
+l8V0keSMGwu-00291-00072927-00073101 Brazilian coach Jordan Vieira
+l8V0keSMGwu-00292-00073102-00073359 kicked off their 2007 AFC Asian Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00293-00073360-00073643 campaign the squad was made mainly of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00294-00073644-00073812 players that had finished fourth at the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00295-00073813-00073893 2000
+l8V0keSMGwu-00296-00073894-00074097 or Olympic Games and finished second at
+l8V0keSMGwu-00297-00074098-00074388 the 2006 Asian Games this generation of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00298-00074389-00074568 players became known as the golden
+l8V0keSMGwu-00299-00074569-00074868 generation Jordan Viera only had two
+l8V0keSMGwu-00300-00074869-00075027 months to prepare his team for the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00301-00075028-00075192 tournament and the team suffered from
+l8V0keSMGwu-00302-00075193-00075480 very poor facilities the Iraq FA
+l8V0keSMGwu-00303-00075481-00075624 struggled to provide the team with
+l8V0keSMGwu-00304-00075625-00075804 enough kits for the tournament and each
+l8V0keSMGwu-00305-00075805-00076005 player only had one kit that they had to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00306-00076006-00076140 take around with them everywhere they
+l8V0keSMGwu-00307-00076141-00076193 went
+l8V0keSMGwu-00308-00076194-00076446 midway through the tournament Barak ran
+l8V0keSMGwu-00309-00076447-00076608 out of kits and had to make an emergency
+l8V0keSMGwu-00310-00076609-00076833 order from Umbro for a new set of kits
+l8V0keSMGwu-00311-00076834-00076983 that had a different design to the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00312-00076984-00077289 previous one meanwhile Iraq had not been
+l8V0keSMGwu-00313-00077290-00077484 able to play any previous games in their
+l8V0keSMGwu-00314-00077485-00077679 own country for security reasons and
+l8V0keSMGwu-00315-00077680-00077853 most of the players had had family
+l8V0keSMGwu-00316-00077854-00078102 members killed in the war the team a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00317-00078103-00078315 mixture of Sunnis Shias and Kurds
+l8V0keSMGwu-00318-00078316-00078501 started the tournament with a one to one
+l8V0keSMGwu-00319-00078502-00078726 draw against joint hosts Thailand before
+l8V0keSMGwu-00320-00078727-00078918 producing one of the upsets of the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00321-00078919-00079119 tournament a three to one win over
+l8V0keSMGwu-00322-00079120-00079296 tournament favorites Australia which
+l8V0keSMGwu-00323-00079297-00079497 included a free-kick goal by Nishant
+l8V0keSMGwu-00324-00079498-00079680 Akram whose team consisted of many
+l8V0keSMGwu-00325-00079681-00079962 Premier League players a draw with Oman
+l8V0keSMGwu-00326-00079963-00080121 followed to put Iraq into the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00327-00080122-00080322 quarterfinals where two unis Mahmud
+l8V0keSMGwu-00328-00080323-00080547 goals put Iraq into the semifinals for
+l8V0keSMGwu-00329-00080548-00080781 the second time in their history they
+l8V0keSMGwu-00330-00080782-00080991 produced another big upset by knocking
+l8V0keSMGwu-00331-00080992-00081195 out Asian giants South Korea who had
+l8V0keSMGwu-00332-00081196-00081378 thrashed Iraq three to zero in a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00333-00081379-00081591 pre-tournament friendly in the semis via
+l8V0keSMGwu-00334-00081592-00081804 a penalty shootout in which Nour Sabri
+l8V0keSMGwu-00335-00081805-00082077 made a crucial save after the game a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00336-00082078-00082326 suicide bomber killed 30 football fans
+l8V0keSMGwu-00337-00082327-00082527 who were celebrating the semifinal win
+l8V0keSMGwu-00338-00082528-00082752 over South Korea and this almost led to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00339-00082753-00082923 the Iraqi team withdrawing from the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00340-00082924-00083121 final but they decided to go on in honor
+l8V0keSMGwu-00341-00083122-00083295 of the dead and produced yet another
+l8V0keSMGwu-00342-00083296-00083565 upset by defeating Saudi Arabia won 2-0
+l8V0keSMGwu-00343-00083566-00083763 in the final a game that they dominated
+l8V0keSMGwu-00344-00083764-00083949 from start to finish and that was won by
+l8V0keSMGwu-00345-00083950-00084246 Yunus Mahmud header this tournament win
+l8V0keSMGwu-00346-00084247-00084456 is seen as one of the greatest upsets in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00347-00084457-00084654 international history as a war-torn
+l8V0keSMGwu-00348-00084655-00084876 country became international champions
+l8V0keSMGwu-00349-00084877-00085059 in what is described as one of sports
+l8V0keSMGwu-00350-00085060-00085179 greatest fairy tales
+l8V0keSMGwu-00351-00085180-00085356 the following year despite being the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00352-00085357-00085548 continents champions Iraq failed to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00353-00085549-00085800 advance to the final round of 2010 FIFA
+l8V0keSMGwu-00354-00085801-00086034 World Cup qualifiers as a one 2-0 defeat
+l8V0keSMGwu-00355-00086035-00086253 to Qatar saw them finish and bird in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00356-00086254-00086487 their third round group following this
+l8V0keSMGwu-00357-00086488-00086745 the Iraq FA decided to disband the team
+l8V0keSMGwu-00358-00086746-00086895 but they were soon brought back together
+l8V0keSMGwu-00359-00086896-00087191 for the 2009 Arabian Gulf Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00360-00087192-00087371 Iraq failed to win a game in the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00361-00087372-00087505 tournament though and were knocked out
+l8V0keSMGwu-00362-00087506-00087797 at the group stage a few months later
+l8V0keSMGwu-00363-00087798-00088051 Iraq participated in only their second
+l8V0keSMGwu-00364-00088052-00088312 FIFA tournament ever the 2009 FIFA
+l8V0keSMGwu-00365-00088313-00088525 Confederations Cup which they qualified
+l8V0keSMGwu-00366-00088526-00088806 for by winning the 2007 AFC Asian Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00367-00088807-00089074 they started the tournament with a 0 to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00368-00089075-00089329 0 draw with hosts South Africa before
+l8V0keSMGwu-00369-00089330-00089603 losing to UEFA Euro 2008 winners Spain
+l8V0keSMGwu-00370-00089604-00089846 by a very respectable 1 goal to nil in a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00371-00089847-00089996 match where they were expected to get
+l8V0keSMGwu-00372-00089997-00090337 beaten very easily a 2 2-0 win over New
+l8V0keSMGwu-00373-00090338-00090526 Zealand would have seen Iraq qualify for
+l8V0keSMGwu-00374-00090527-00090709 the semi-finals of the festival of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00375-00090710-00090953 Champions but they drew the game 0 to 0
+l8V0keSMGwu-00376-00090954-00091225 and were knocked out Iraq had similar
+l8V0keSMGwu-00377-00091226-00091393 problems in this tournament with their
+l8V0keSMGwu-00378-00091394-00091547 kits as players were seen wearing
+l8V0keSMGwu-00379-00091548-00091732 different name and number fonts to each
+l8V0keSMGwu-00380-00091733-00091984 other during the different games on the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00381-00091985-00092311 20th of November 2009 the FIFA Emergency
+l8V0keSMGwu-00382-00092312-00092542 Committee suspended the Iraq FA due to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00383-00092543-00092737 government interference the suspension
+l8V0keSMGwu-00384-00092738-00093451 was lifted on the 19th of March 2010
+l8V0keSMGwu-00385-00093452-00094090 topic 2010's ups and downs
+l8V0keSMGwu-00386-00094091-00094381 in both the 2010 waft championship in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00387-00094382-00094633 2010 arabian gulf cup iraq were knocked
+l8V0keSMGwu-00388-00094634-00094810 out in the semifinals while under the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00389-00094811-00095038 management of wolfgang sidqa iraq were
+l8V0keSMGwu-00390-00095039-00095200 knocked out in the quarterfinals of the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00391-00095201-00095479 2011 AFC Asian Cup failing to retain
+l8V0keSMGwu-00392-00095480-00095743 their title after this tournament barack
+l8V0keSMGwu-00393-00095744-00095923 announced the appointment of brazilian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00394-00095924-00096145 football legend Zico as manager of the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00395-00096146-00096328 team and his first tournament in charge
+l8V0keSMGwu-00396-00096329-00096598 was the 2011 Pan Arab games where Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00397-00096599-00096766 were knocked out at the group stage
+l8V0keSMGwu-00398-00096767-00096946 the following year saw Iraq finished
+l8V0keSMGwu-00399-00096947-00097192 third at the 2012 Arab nations Cup and
+l8V0keSMGwu-00400-00097193-00097414 lose the finals of both the 2012 waft
+l8V0keSMGwu-00401-00097415-00097681 championship and 2013 Arabian Gulf Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00402-00097682-00097864 to Syria and the United Arab Emirates
+l8V0keSMGwu-00403-00097865-00098074 respectively after the resignation of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00404-00098075-00098359 Zico Iraq reached the fourth round of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00405-00098360-00098641 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers but
+l8V0keSMGwu-00406-00098642-00098881 finished bottom of their group Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00407-00098882-00099142 decided to send their u23 team to the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00408-00099143-00099385 2014 wofe Championship but they sent
+l8V0keSMGwu-00409-00099386-00099613 their first team to the 2014 Arabian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00410-00099614-00099820 Gulf Cup where Iraq finished bottom of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00411-00099821-00099982 their group leading to the sacking of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00412-00099983-00100156 Hakim shaker and the appointment of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00413-00100157-00100326 Rajesh ni Sheila's manager
+l8V0keSMGwu-00414-00100327-00100603 despite poor preparations Shen I shall
+l8V0keSMGwu-00415-00100604-00100861 lead Iraq to the semifinals of the 2015
+l8V0keSMGwu-00416-00100862-00101095 AFC Asian Cup before they lost to South
+l8V0keSMGwu-00417-00101096-00101302 Korea and the United Arab Emirates to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00418-00101303-00101548 finish the tournament in floor their run
+l8V0keSMGwu-00419-00101549-00101758 included an amazing three to three draw
+l8V0keSMGwu-00420-00101759-00101944 with Iran in the quarter-final which
+l8V0keSMGwu-00421-00101945-00102150 Iraq then won in a penalty shootout
+l8V0keSMGwu-00422-00102151-00102394 Eunice Mahmud also became the first
+l8V0keSMGwu-00423-00102395-00102601 player to score in four different Asian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00424-00102602-00102918 Cups after this great success Shen I
+l8V0keSMGwu-00425-00102919-00103143 shall returned to managing Qatar SC in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00426-00103144-00103335 Iraq the pointed Akram Salman his
+l8V0keSMGwu-00427-00103336-00103525 manager but he was soon sacked after
+l8V0keSMGwu-00428-00103526-00103792 losing the 2015 Kirin Challenge Cup for
+l8V0keSMGwu-00429-00103793-00104029 2-0 to Japan Yaya
+l8V0keSMGwu-00430-00104030-00104227 Alwyn was appointed and he led Iraq to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00431-00104228-00104464 direct qualification for the 2019 AFC
+l8V0keSMGwu-00432-00104465-00104730 Asian Cup as well as qualification to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00433-00104731-00104983 the third round of 2018 FIFA World Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00434-00104983-00105298 qualifiers despite this he was replaced
+l8V0keSMGwu-00435-00105299-00105505 by Roddy Shen I shall due to rocks poor
+l8V0keSMGwu-00436-00105506-00105808 performances in the qualifiers Iraq were
+l8V0keSMGwu-00437-00105808-00106039 drawn with Thailand Saudi Arabia United
+l8V0keSMGwu-00438-00106040-00106303 Arab Emirates Japan and Australia in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00439-00106304-00106549 their third round group after losing
+l8V0keSMGwu-00440-00106550-00106753 five of their first seven games Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00441-00106754-00106948 were eliminated from the qualification
+l8V0keSMGwu-00442-00106949-00107160 process and rowdy Chanel was sacked
+l8V0keSMGwu-00443-00107161-00107380 replaced by Bassam Kassim
+l8V0keSMGwu-00444-00107381-00107641 Kassem Lederach to the semifinals of the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00445-00107642-00107818 Arabian Gulf Cup where they were knocked
+l8V0keSMGwu-00446-00107819-00108496 out by the United Arab Emirates
+l8V0keSMGwu-00447-00108497-00108991 topic home matches in Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00448-00108992-00109288 a rock played their home games on
+l8V0keSMGwu-00449-00109289-00109540 neutral territory in the 1980s due to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00450-00109541-00109771 the iran-iraq war but still qualified
+l8V0keSMGwu-00451-00109772-00110053 for the 1986 World Cup in Mexico and
+l8V0keSMGwu-00452-00110054-00110326 three Olympic Games Moscow Los Angeles
+l8V0keSMGwu-00453-00110327-00110677 and Seoul in qualification for the 2002
+l8V0keSMGwu-00454-00110678-00110899 World Cup Iraq played at home against
+l8V0keSMGwu-00455-00110900-00111088 Iran for the first time since the war
+l8V0keSMGwu-00456-00111089-00111328 between two nations Bahrain and Thailand
+l8V0keSMGwu-00457-00111329-00111550 in the al-shibh Stadium in Baghdad but
+l8V0keSMGwu-00458-00111551-00111759 Saudi Arabia refused to play against the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00459-00111760-00111922 nation because of the tensions between
+l8V0keSMGwu-00460-00111923-00112090 that country and the regime of Saddam
+l8V0keSMGwu-00461-00112091-00112495 Hussein in 2003 the war in Iraq forced
+l8V0keSMGwu-00462-00112496-00112663 Iraq to play their home matches outside
+l8V0keSMGwu-00463-00112664-00112908 the country for security reasons and so
+l8V0keSMGwu-00464-00112909-00113170 fixtures were held in Jordan Syria Qatar
+l8V0keSMGwu-00465-00113171-00113476 or the UAE due to the Iraq war and
+l8V0keSMGwu-00466-00113477-00113728 post-war events Iraq was unable to host
+l8V0keSMGwu-00467-00113729-00114088 home matches in Iraq in 2009 the Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00468-00114089-00114391 Football Association IFA asked FIFA to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00469-00114392-00114601 end its band imposed on hosting official
+l8V0keSMGwu-00470-00114602-00114901 matches in Iraq Iraq resumed playing on
+l8V0keSMGwu-00471-00114902-00115153 home soil on the 10th of July 2009
+l8V0keSMGwu-00472-00115154-00115393 winning a friendly 3 to 0 against
+l8V0keSMGwu-00473-00115394-00115659 Palestine in franso hariri Stadium Erbil
+l8V0keSMGwu-00474-00115660-00115927 Iraq played the same opponents three
+l8V0keSMGwu-00475-00115928-00116211 days later in algebra min Baghdad this
+l8V0keSMGwu-00476-00116213-00116443 time winning 4 to 0 in front of a crowd
+l8V0keSMGwu-00477-00116444-00116800 of over 50,000 the same month the AFC
+l8V0keSMGwu-00478-00116801-00117009 Executive Committee approved the stadium
+l8V0keSMGwu-00479-00117010-00117190 at Erbil as a venue for matches
+l8V0keSMGwu-00480-00117191-00117397 involving the Iraqi national team and
+l8V0keSMGwu-00481-00117398-00117604 clubs in continental tournaments on the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00482-00117605-00117895 2nd of September 2011 Iraq played a FIFA
+l8V0keSMGwu-00483-00117896-00118099 World Cup qualifier on home ground for
+l8V0keSMGwu-00484-00118100-00118342 the first time in years they played
+l8V0keSMGwu-00485-00118343-00118535 against Jordan in front of a crowd of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00486-00118536-00118765 24,000 people in the franso hariri
+l8V0keSMGwu-00487-00118766-00119122 Stadium in Erbil however on the 23rd of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00488-00119123-00119392 September 2011 FIFA banned Iraq from
+l8V0keSMGwu-00489-00119393-00119557 playing their qualifiers at home yet
+l8V0keSMGwu-00490-00119558-00119770 again due to fears over security and a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00491-00119771-00119953 breach of safety regulations in the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00492-00119954-00120183 match with Jordan the franso hariri
+l8V0keSMGwu-00493-00120184-00120499 stadium went on to host the 2012 AFC Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00494-00120500-00120922 final on the 22nd of March 2013 FIFA
+l8V0keSMGwu-00495-00120923-00121129 lifted the ban on international football
+l8V0keSMGwu-00496-00121130-00121306 friendlies in Iraqi stadiums
+l8V0keSMGwu-00497-00121307-00121576 four days later Iraq played their first
+l8V0keSMGwu-00498-00121577-00121795 international friendly match in Baghdad
+l8V0keSMGwu-00499-00121796-00122068 since 2009 against Syria in front of a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00500-00122069-00122278 crowd of over 50,000 people in the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00501-00122279-00122389 al-shibh Stadium
+l8V0keSMGwu-00502-00122390-00122650 and won the game two-to-one two months
+l8V0keSMGwu-00503-00122651-00122829 later they played another friendly at
+l8V0keSMGwu-00504-00122830-00123040 the al-shibh Stadium this time against
+l8V0keSMGwu-00505-00123041-00123397 Liberia however on the 3rd of July 2013
+l8V0keSMGwu-00506-00123398-00123601 FIFA barred Iraq from hosting
+l8V0keSMGwu-00507-00123602-00123808 international football friendlies due to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00508-00123808-00124011 a massive surge in nationwide violence
+l8V0keSMGwu-00509-00124013-00124177 barely three months after world
+l8V0keSMGwu-00510-00124178-00124396 football's governing body gave Baghdad
+l8V0keSMGwu-00511-00124397-00124789 the go-ahead on the 9th of May 2017 FIFA
+l8V0keSMGwu-00512-00124790-00124969 lifted the ban on international
+l8V0keSMGwu-00513-00124970-00125133 friendlies but only in the cities of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00514-00125134-00125479 Basra Karbala and Erbil Iraq played
+l8V0keSMGwu-00515-00125480-00125665 their first ever international game at
+l8V0keSMGwu-00516-00125666-00125920 the 65,000 cedar Basra Sports City
+l8V0keSMGwu-00517-00125921-00126223 Stadium on the 1st of June 2017 beating
+l8V0keSMGwu-00518-00126224-00126538 Jordan won 2-0 on the 16th of March 2018
+l8V0keSMGwu-00519-00126539-00126769 FIFA announced the lifting of the ban on
+l8V0keSMGwu-00520-00126770-00126958 competitive matches in the cities of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00521-00126958-00127209 Basra Karbala and Erbil it was also
+l8V0keSMGwu-00522-00127210-00127465 announced in early 2018 that Iraq will
+l8V0keSMGwu-00523-00127466-00127696 host the 2018 woth championship in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00524-00127697-00128294 November 2018
+l8V0keSMGwu-00525-00128295-00128785 topic timeline
+l8V0keSMGwu-00526-00128786-00129044 below is a timeline of the various bans
+l8V0keSMGwu-00527-00129045-00129272 imposed by FIFA that prevented Iraq from
+l8V0keSMGwu-00528-00129273-00129997 hosting competitive international games
+l8V0keSMGwu-00529-00129998-00130531 topic supporters
+l8V0keSMGwu-00530-00130532-00130785 Arak national team supporters are known
+l8V0keSMGwu-00531-00130786-00130884 for chanting Oh
+l8V0keSMGwu-00532-00130885-00131176 victorious Baghdad during the Iraqi
+l8V0keSMGwu-00533-00131177-00131518 teams matches always remains high Oh
+l8V0keSMGwu-00534-00131519-00131770 Victoria's Baghdad at lead a muhfuckin
+l8V0keSMGwu-00535-00131771-00131971 swert yeah big dad and to see your
+l8V0keSMGwu-00536-00131972-00132298 eternal glory a victorious Baghdad WF
+l8V0keSMGwu-00537-00132299-00132535 JB's dwell Minh swert yeah big dad a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00538-00132536-00132828 victorious Baghdad a victorious Baghdad
+l8V0keSMGwu-00539-00132829-00133096 Vince wort yeah big dad Minh swert yeah
+l8V0keSMGwu-00540-00133097-00133306 big dad another famous chanda's the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00541-00133307-00133672 second goal is coming HSH yg Al Thani
+l8V0keSMGwu-00542-00133673-00133951 this is usually chanted repeatedly after
+l8V0keSMGwu-00543-00133952-00134140 Iraq score a goal to motivate the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00544-00134141-00134766 players to score another
+l8V0keSMGwu-00545-00134767-00135242 topic colors
+l8V0keSMGwu-00546-00135243-00135518 The Rock's traditional home kit is white
+l8V0keSMGwu-00547-00135519-00135785 with either green or black trimmings the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00548-00135786-00135986 away kit is traditionally green with
+l8V0keSMGwu-00549-00135987-00136507 white trimmings
+l8V0keSMGwu-00550-00136508-00137078 topic previous kit colors
+l8V0keSMGwu-00551-00137079-00137335 topic kit manufacturer the Iraqi
+l8V0keSMGwu-00552-00137336-00137529 national football team kit has
+l8V0keSMGwu-00553-00137530-00137754 previously been manufactured by brands
+l8V0keSMGwu-00554-00137755-00138076 such as Adidas Puma Nike Diadora Jack
+l8V0keSMGwu-00555-00138077-00138346 and Jones lotto Umbro and peak in its
+l8V0keSMGwu-00556-00138347-00138995 current manufacturers Jacko
+l8V0keSMGwu-00557-00138996-00139513 topic team logo
+l8V0keSMGwu-00558-00139514-00139783 unlike most other national teams Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00559-00139784-00139999 kits usually have the country's flag on
+l8V0keSMGwu-00560-00140000-00140122 them rather than the Football
+l8V0keSMGwu-00561-00140123-00140266 Association's logo
+l8V0keSMGwu-00562-00140267-00140443 although the FA's logo has appeared on
+l8V0keSMGwu-00563-00140444-00140802 kits before most recently from 2014-2015
+l8V0keSMGwu-00564-00140803-00141106 however in some cases both the flag and
+l8V0keSMGwu-00565-00141107-00141289 the FA's logo have not featured on the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00566-00141290-00141427 kit and have been replaced with other
+l8V0keSMGwu-00567-00141428-00141910 logos from 1985-1986 the coat of arms of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00568-00141911-00142102 Iraq featured in the center of the kit
+l8V0keSMGwu-00569-00142103-00142300 occasionally only the part of the logo
+l8V0keSMGwu-00570-00142301-00142522 containing the flag was used meanwhile
+l8V0keSMGwu-00571-00142523-00142846 from 2000 to 2002 Iraq mainly used a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00572-00142847-00143032 logo that featured the vertical black
+l8V0keSMGwu-00573-00143033-00143227 white and red bands of the Iraq flag
+l8V0keSMGwu-00574-00143228-00143401 underneath the name Iraq written in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00575-00143402-00143752 Arabic in green text in the 2005 West
+l8V0keSMGwu-00576-00143753-00143995 Asian Games a logo featuring black and
+l8V0keSMGwu-00577-00143996-00144204 white bands underneath a red semicircle
+l8V0keSMGwu-00578-00144205-00144378 featured on the kit with the three stars
+l8V0keSMGwu-00579-00144379-00144568 of the flag shown in the white band in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00580-00144569-00144915 the 2007 waft championship and part of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00581-00144916-00145249 the 2007 AFC Asian Cup Iraq reverted to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00582-00145250-00145428 using the logo that they had used from
+l8V0keSMGwu-00583-00145429-00146099 2000 to 2002
+l8V0keSMGwu-00584-00146100-00146690 topic competition records
+l8V0keSMGwu-00585-00146691-00146907 asterisk draws include knockout matches
+l8V0keSMGwu-00586-00146908-00147554 decided on penalty kicks
+l8V0keSMGwu-00587-00147555-00148078 topic FIFA World Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00588-00148079-00148424 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00589-00148425-00149014 topic fifa confederations cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00590-00149015-00149366 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00591-00149367-00149940 Topic AFC Asian Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00592-00149941-00150288 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00593-00150289-00150858 topic regional competitions
+l8V0keSMGwu-00594-00150859-00151208 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00595-00151209-00151816 topic formerly senior competitions
+l8V0keSMGwu-00596-00151817-00152195 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00597-00152196-00152696 topic matches
+l8V0keSMGwu-00598-00152697-00153035 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00599-00153036-00153548 topic rivalries
+l8V0keSMGwu-00600-00153549-00153794 who ate national football team rocks
+l8V0keSMGwu-00601-00153795-00154010 rivalry with Kuwait as considered as the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00602-00154011-00154223 Arab world's greatest football rivalry
+l8V0keSMGwu-00603-00154224-00154499 of all time the rivalry began in the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00604-00154500-00154750 mid-1970s and it was the decade from
+l8V0keSMGwu-00605-00154751-00155101 1976 until 1986 that saw the golden age
+l8V0keSMGwu-00606-00155102-00155300 of football for arguably the finest
+l8V0keSMGwu-00607-00155301-00155546 teams the region has produced both
+l8V0keSMGwu-00608-00155547-00155704 nations imposed their complete
+l8V0keSMGwu-00609-00155705-00155897 domination on the Gulf region and from
+l8V0keSMGwu-00610-00155898-00156188 the Arabian Gulf Cups inception in 1970
+l8V0keSMGwu-00611-00156189-00156415 until 1990 the tournament was won by
+l8V0keSMGwu-00612-00156416-00156781 only two teams Kuwait seven times 1970
+l8V0keSMGwu-00613-00156782-00157568 1972 1974 1976 1982 1986 1990 and Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00614-00157569-00157997 three times 1979 1984 1988
+l8V0keSMGwu-00615-00157998-00158191 despite Iraq's absence in the first
+l8V0keSMGwu-00616-00158192-00158341 three editions and their withdrawal from
+l8V0keSMGwu-00617-00158342-00158435 two others
+l8V0keSMGwu-00618-00158436-00158626 Iraq and Kuwait took their increasingly
+l8V0keSMGwu-00619-00158627-00158819 bitter rivalry to a new level on the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00620-00158820-00159182 11th of June 1976 the two met in the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00621-00159183-00159410 semi-final of the AFC Asian Cup in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00622-00159411-00159628 Tehran Kuwait took the lead twice but
+l8V0keSMGwu-00623-00159629-00159923 Iraq came roaring back twice and then in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00624-00159924-00160109 the 10th minute of extra time Fatih
+l8V0keSMGwu-00625-00160110-00160396 Kamil scored the winner for Kuwait in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00626-00160397-00160649 1979 the year Iraq clinched their first
+l8V0keSMGwu-00627-00160650-00160862 Arabian Gulf Cup with the help of a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00628-00160863-00161089 three to one win over Kuwait the two met
+l8V0keSMGwu-00629-00161090-00161318 in a qualifier for the 1980 Olympic
+l8V0keSMGwu-00630-00161319-00161561 Games in Moscow both managed to qualify
+l8V0keSMGwu-00631-00161562-00161750 to the Olympic Games and both made it to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00632-00161751-00162001 the quarterfinals there Iraq also
+l8V0keSMGwu-00633-00162002-00162275 qualified for the 1984 Games in Los
+l8V0keSMGwu-00634-00162276-00162671 Angeles in 1988 games in Seoul Iraq won
+l8V0keSMGwu-00635-00162672-00162923 the gold medal at the 1982 Asian Games
+l8V0keSMGwu-00636-00162924-00163193 by defeating Kuwait won 2-0 in the final
+l8V0keSMGwu-00637-00163194-00163465 while Kuwait won the 1980 AFC Asian Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00638-00163466-00163772 which they hosted the nation's also left
+l8V0keSMGwu-00639-00163773-00163990 their mark on the world stage who eight
+l8V0keSMGwu-00640-00163991-00164285 qualified for the 1982 World Cup finals
+l8V0keSMGwu-00641-00164286-00164584 in Spain Iraq matched that in Mexico
+l8V0keSMGwu-00642-00164585-00164876 1986 as Iraq and Kuwait traded Gulf
+l8V0keSMGwu-00643-00164877-00165194 titles in 1988 and 1990 few could have
+l8V0keSMGwu-00644-00165195-00165356 imagined that their rivalry on the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00645-00165357-00165545 football field would be replaced by an
+l8V0keSMGwu-00646-00165546-00165743 altogether more catastrophic one on the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00647-00165744-00165979 battlefield because of the Gulf War
+l8V0keSMGwu-00648-00165980-00166193 football would never be the same again
+l8V0keSMGwu-00649-00166194-00166436 Iraq and Kuwait were in complete
+l8V0keSMGwu-00650-00166437-00166615 avoidance and never met for more than a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00651-00166616-00166826 decade in fact the first footballing
+l8V0keSMGwu-00652-00166827-00166937 meeting of any sort
+l8V0keSMGwu-00653-00166938-00167153 between the countries was in the 2003
+l8V0keSMGwu-00654-00167154-00167342 edition of the Arab Champions League
+l8V0keSMGwu-00655-00167343-00167582 when Iraqi Giants al shorta former
+l8V0keSMGwu-00656-00167583-00167735 winners of the tournament faced off
+l8V0keSMGwu-00657-00167736-00167953 against al Kuwait and drew 2-2 to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00658-00167954-00168224 Kuwait's blues had a relative recovery
+l8V0keSMGwu-00659-00168225-00168503 of sorts winning the Gulf Cup in 1996
+l8V0keSMGwu-00660-00168504-00168785 and 1998 before securing a record 10th
+l8V0keSMGwu-00661-00168786-00169139 title in 2010 Iraqi football because of
+l8V0keSMGwu-00662-00169140-00169328 the torturer in chief Uday Hussein's
+l8V0keSMGwu-00663-00169329-00169511 reign of terror as head of the Football
+l8V0keSMGwu-00664-00169512-00169709 Association would take far longer to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00665-00169710-00169991 recover when it did it was in glorious
+l8V0keSMGwu-00666-00169992-00170201 fashion with the Lions of Mesopotamia
+l8V0keSMGwu-00667-00170202-00170594 winning the 2007 AFC Asian Cup Iran
+l8V0keSMGwu-00668-00170595-00170942 national football team Iraq and Iran are
+l8V0keSMGwu-00669-00170943-00171269 rivals before 2015 the rivalry was not
+l8V0keSMGwu-00670-00171270-00171479 such a football inspired ill feeling
+l8V0keSMGwu-00671-00171480-00171680 between the two but more of geography
+l8V0keSMGwu-00672-00171681-00171986 religion and history Iran and Iraq are
+l8V0keSMGwu-00673-00171987-00172163 neighboring countries sharing a long
+l8V0keSMGwu-00674-00172164-00172463 history in contemporary era especially
+l8V0keSMGwu-00675-00172464-00172643 during the reign of Saddam Hussein the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00676-00172644-00172844 two countries had bad relations and
+l8V0keSMGwu-00677-00172845-00173126 fought the iran-iraq war for 8 years in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00678-00173127-00173402 2001 for the first time in decades an
+l8V0keSMGwu-00679-00173403-00173588 Iran Iraq match was not held at a
+l8V0keSMGwu-00680-00173589-00173783 neutral venue the rivalry between the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00681-00173784-00174047 two teams was escalated after the 2015
+l8V0keSMGwu-00682-00174048-00174362 AFC Asian Cup the two sides faced each
+l8V0keSMGwu-00683-00174363-00174533 other in the quarter-final with Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00684-00174534-00174743 prevailing seven to six on penalties
+l8V0keSMGwu-00685-00174744-00174965 after a sensational three to three draw
+l8V0keSMGwu-00686-00174966-00175178 in Canberra the game was described as
+l8V0keSMGwu-00687-00175179-00175328 one of the best in the tournament's
+l8V0keSMGwu-00688-00175329-00175589 history after the game Iranian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00689-00175590-00175751 supporters voiced their anger at the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00690-00175752-00175949 referees performance even going as far
+l8V0keSMGwu-00691-00175950-00176129 to claim that he should receive a life
+l8V0keSMGwu-00692-00176130-00176306 banned for the sending off of an Iranian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00693-00176307-00176522 player and also launched allegations
+l8V0keSMGwu-00694-00176523-00176750 against Iraqi player Allah Abdul's Zahra
+l8V0keSMGwu-00695-00176751-00176945 claiming he was not qualified to play
+l8V0keSMGwu-00696-00176946-00177161 due to an older doping case six months
+l8V0keSMGwu-00697-00177162-00177359 prior to the competition in an attempt
+l8V0keSMGwu-00698-00177360-00177521 to get Iraq kicked out of the tournament
+l8V0keSMGwu-00699-00177522-00177713 and themselves reinstated into the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00700-00177714-00177929 semi-finals their complaint was rejected
+l8V0keSMGwu-00701-00177930-00178232 by the AFC Iraq eventually finished
+l8V0keSMGwu-00702-00178233-00178382 fourth in the tournament with Iran
+l8V0keSMGwu-00703-00178383-00178568 failing to make the semifinals for the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00704-00178569-00178793 third straight time it took two years
+l8V0keSMGwu-00705-00178794-00179006 for the teams to meet again when Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00706-00179007-00179180 played away from home in a friendly
+l8V0keSMGwu-00707-00179181-00179384 match in Tehran Iraq managed to win
+l8V0keSMGwu-00708-00179385-00179642 again this time a one 2-0 victory to put
+l8V0keSMGwu-00709-00179643-00179831 an end to Iran's two-year unbeaten
+l8V0keSMGwu-00710-00179832-00180029 streak and tensions between the two sets
+l8V0keSMGwu-00711-00180030-00180260 of supporters have never been greater
+l8V0keSMGwu-00712-00180261-00180652 Saudi Arabia national football team Iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00713-00180653-00180865 and Saudi Arabia are often considered to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00714-00180866-00181073 be the two greatest Arab football teams
+l8V0keSMGwu-00715-00181074-00181249 in the Middle East and Asia the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00716-00181250-00181481 beginnings of the footballing rivalry
+l8V0keSMGwu-00717-00181482-00181750 between them dates back to the 1970s but
+l8V0keSMGwu-00718-00181751-00181966 it was only after the 1990s that the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00719-00181967-00182179 great rivalry between two Arab nations
+l8V0keSMGwu-00720-00182180-00182364 truly developed since it was previously
+l8V0keSMGwu-00721-00182365-00182600 overshadowed by Iraq's rivalries with
+l8V0keSMGwu-00722-00182601-00182843 Iran and Kuwait the rivalry has also had
+l8V0keSMGwu-00723-00182844-00183035 elements of historical complicated
+l8V0keSMGwu-00724-00183036-00183311 relations the two countries used to be
+l8V0keSMGwu-00725-00183312-00183502 allies against Iran during the iran-iraq
+l8V0keSMGwu-00726-00183503-00183845 war however after Iraq invaded Kuwait
+l8V0keSMGwu-00727-00183846-00184102 culminating the Gulf War Saudi Arabia
+l8V0keSMGwu-00728-00184103-00184300 and Iraq had hostile relations and
+l8V0keSMGwu-00729-00184301-00184501 football was commonly used to fuel the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00730-00184502-00184697 hatred between two countries competing
+l8V0keSMGwu-00731-00184698-00184954 for Arab pride this made the rivalry
+l8V0keSMGwu-00732-00184955-00185140 emerge as one of the newest rivalries in
+l8V0keSMGwu-00733-00185141-00185423 the continent recent warming relations
+l8V0keSMGwu-00734-00185424-00185636 between Iran and Iraq the former has
+l8V0keSMGwu-00735-00185637-00185810 also had a rivalry with Saudi Arabia
+l8V0keSMGwu-00736-00185811-00186025 further deepens the competition between
+l8V0keSMGwu-00737-00186026-00186245 the two Arab nations despite efforts to
+l8V0keSMGwu-00738-00186246-00186939 improve relations that are still ongoing
+l8V0keSMGwu-00739-00186940-00187554 topic recent results and fixtures
+l8V0keSMGwu-00740-00187555-00188250 win draw loss
+l8V0keSMGwu-00741-00188251-00188779 topic 2017
+l8V0keSMGwu-00742-00188780-00189075 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00743-00189076-00189591 topic 2018
+l8V0keSMGwu-00744-00189592-00189881 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00745-00189882-00190410 topic 2019
+l8V0keSMGwu-00746-00190411-00190747 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00747-00190748-00191301 topic coaching staff
+l8V0keSMGwu-00748-00191302-00191668 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00749-00191669-00192181 topic players
+l8V0keSMGwu-00750-00192182-00192522 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00751-00192523-00193036 topic current squad
+l8V0keSMGwu-00752-00193037-00193318 the following 27 players were called up
+l8V0keSMGwu-00753-00193319-00193632 for the 2019 AFC Asian Cup preliminary
+l8V0keSMGwu-00754-00193633-00194051 match dates the 20th of November 2018
+l8V0keSMGwu-00755-00194052-00194395 opposition Bolivia caps and goals
+l8V0keSMGwu-00756-00194396-00194644 correct as of the 20th of November 2018
+l8V0keSMGwu-00757-00194645-00195311 after the match against Bolivia
+l8V0keSMGwu-00758-00195312-00195850 topic recent call-ups
+l8V0keSMGwu-00759-00195851-00196053 the following players have also been
+l8V0keSMGwu-00760-00196054-00196254 called up to the Iraq squad within the
+l8V0keSMGwu-00761-00196255-00196554 last 12 months retired players are not
+l8V0keSMGwu-00762-00196555-00196710 listed
+l8V0keSMGwu-00763-00196711-00197169 notes sous players suspended inj player
+l8V0keSMGwu-00764-00197170-00197438 withdrew from the squad due to an injury
+l8V0keSMGwu-00765-00197439-00197844 ret retired from the national team WD
+l8V0keSMGwu-00766-00197845-00198027 player withdrew from the squad for non
+l8V0keSMGwu-00767-00198028-00198544 injury related reasons
+l8V0keSMGwu-00768-00198545-00198920 topic previous squads
+l8V0keSMGwu-00769-00198921-00199087 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00770-00199088-00199423 World Cups 1986 FIFA World Cup squad
+l8V0keSMGwu-00771-00199424-00200020 Asian cups 1972 AFC Asian Cup squad 1976
+l8V0keSMGwu-00772-00200021-00200500 AFC Asian Cup squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00773-00200501-00201103 squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup squad 2004 AFC
+l8V0keSMGwu-00774-00201104-00201681 Asian Cup squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup squad
+l8V0keSMGwu-00775-00201682-00202180 2011 AFC Asian Cup squad 2015 AFC Asian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00776-00202181-00202599 Cup squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup squad
+l8V0keSMGwu-00777-00202600-00202879 Confederations cups 2009 FIFA
+l8V0keSMGwu-00778-00202880-00203104 Confederations Cup squad olympic games
+l8V0keSMGwu-00779-00203105-00203569 1980 Olympic Games squad 1984 Olympic
+l8V0keSMGwu-00780-00203570-00203950 Games squad 1988 Olympic Games squad
+l8V0keSMGwu-00781-00203951-00204244 since 1992 the Olympic Games has been
+l8V0keSMGwu-00782-00204245-00204514 part of the under-23 team's record Asian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00783-00204515-00205054 Games 1974 Asian Games squad 1978 Asian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00784-00205055-00205666 Games squad 1982 Asian Games squad 1986
+l8V0keSMGwu-00785-00205667-00205981 Asian Games squad since 2002 the Asian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00786-00205982-00206176 Games has been part of the under-23
+l8V0keSMGwu-00787-00206177-00206469 team's record regional tournaments 2009
+l8V0keSMGwu-00788-00206471-00206884 Arabian Gulf Cup squad 2012 Arab nations
+l8V0keSMGwu-00789-00206885-00207348 Cup squad 2013 Arabian Gulf Cup squad
+l8V0keSMGwu-00790-00207348-00207838 2014 Arabian Gulf Cup squad 2017 Arabian
+l8V0keSMGwu-00791-00207839-00208084 Gulf Cup squad note the 2014 waft
+l8V0keSMGwu-00792-00208085-00208285 championship was part of the under-23
+l8V0keSMGwu-00793-00208286-00208891 team's record
+l8V0keSMGwu-00794-00208892-00209394 topic records
+l8V0keSMGwu-00795-00209394-00209732 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00796-00209733-00210296 topic most capped players
+l8V0keSMGwu-00797-00210296-00210725 as of the 28th of February 2018 players
+l8V0keSMGwu-00798-00210726-00210892 in bold are still available for
+l8V0keSMGwu-00799-00210894-00211419 selection
+l8V0keSMGwu-00800-00211419-00212023 topic all-time top goalscorers
+l8V0keSMGwu-00801-00212023-00212448 as of the 28th of February 2018 players
+l8V0keSMGwu-00802-00212450-00212605 in bold are still available for
+l8V0keSMGwu-00803-00212606-00213078 selection
+l8V0keSMGwu-00804-00213079-00213571 topic honors
+l8V0keSMGwu-00805-00213571-00213911 you
+l8V0keSMGwu-00806-00213912-00214530 Topic AFC competitions
+l8V0keSMGwu-00807-00214531-00215033 AFC Asian Cup champions 2007
+l8V0keSMGwu-00808-00215034-00215578 fourth-place 1976 2015 Asian Games gold
+l8V0keSMGwu-00809-00215579-00215919 medal 1982 4th place
+l8V0keSMGwu-00810-00215921-00216417 1978
+l8V0keSMGwu-00811-00216417-00217038 topic wolf competitions waft
+l8V0keSMGwu-00812-00217039-00217544 championship champions 2002 runners-up
+l8V0keSMGwu-00813-00217544-00218171 2007 2012 third place 2000 2010 fourth
+l8V0keSMGwu-00814-00218173-00218696 place 2004 West Asian Games gold medal
+l8V0keSMGwu-00815-00218698-00219181 2005
+l8V0keSMGwu-00816-00219182-00219801 topic you AFA competitions
+l8V0keSMGwu-00817-00219802-00220382 Arab nations Cup champions 1964 1966
+l8V0keSMGwu-00818-00220383-00221010 1985 1988 third-place 2012 pan Arab
+l8V0keSMGwu-00819-00221011-00221998 games gold medal 1985 silver medal 1999
+l8V0keSMGwu-00820-00222000-00222669 topic AG cff competitions
+l8V0keSMGwu-00821-00222669-00223212 Arabian Gulf Cup champions 1979 1984
+l8V0keSMGwu-00822-00223213-00223854 1988 runners-up 1976 2013 third-place
+l8V0keSMGwu-00823-00223855-00224469 2010 2017-18
+l8V0keSMGwu-00824-00224469-00225000 topic friendly wins
+l8V0keSMGwu-00825-00225001-00225564 all kids cup/champions 20:18 shared UAE
+l8V0keSMGwu-00826-00225565-00226065 International Cup champions 2009 Peace
+l8V0keSMGwu-00827-00226066-00226512 Cup champions 2003 international
+l8V0keSMGwu-00828-00226513-00227108 friendship Cup champions 1999 Nehru Cup
+l8V0keSMGwu-00829-00227109-00227710 champions 1995 1997 Merdeka tournament
+l8V0keSMGwu-00830-00227711-00228231 champions 1981 1995 peace and friendship
+l8V0keSMGwu-00831-00228232-00228884 Cup champions 1989 merlion Cup champions
+l8V0keSMGwu-00832-00228885-00229403 1984 tripoli fair tournament champions
+l8V0keSMGwu-00833-00229404-00229908 1967
+l8V0keSMGwu-00834-00229909-00230426 topic see also
+l8V0keSMGwu-00835-00230427-00230803 Arak national under-23 football team
+l8V0keSMGwu-00836-00230804-00231142 Iraq national under-20 football team
+l8V0keSMGwu-00837-00231144-00231515 Iraq national under-17 football team
+l8V0keSMGwu-00838-00231516-00231869 Iraqi Premier League
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00000-00000000-00000112 hello everyone and welcome back to
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00001-00000114-00000305 another video today I want to do a day
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00002-00000306-00000473 in the life and show you all what I do
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00003-00000474-00000638 it during an average day in the summer
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00004-00000639-00000815 as you can probably tell I'm wearing a s
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00005-00000816-00000944 polo which means that we have
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00006-00000944-00001124 orientation today on Fridays and
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00007-00001125-00001279 transfer and on Tuesdays we have
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00008-00001280-00001420 freshmen for those who that don't know I
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00009-00001421-00001616 work at SJSU associated students
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00010-00001617-00001801 registration solutions the and we table
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00011-00001802-00001991 at the resource fair at freshmen and
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00012-00001992-00002171 transfer orientation and we try to get
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00013-00002172-00002324 people to take sustainable an
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00014-00002325-00002476 alternative forms of transportation to
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00015-00002477-00002615 campus so right now I'm just gonna grab
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00016-00002616-00002780 my stuff and walk to the bus so that I
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00017-00002781-00004629 can go to work
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00018-00004630-00006880 [Music]
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00019-00006881-00007130 so obviously back at my house now it's
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00020-00007131-00007217 around 8 p.m.
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00021-00007218-00007384 Karuna got some Thai food after I got
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00022-00007386-00007589 back but I've got to record it or who's
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00023-00007590-00007751 pretty good it was pretty calm the only
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00024-00007752-00007844 exciting thing that happen with
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00025-00007845-00007979 orientation which songs they were my
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00026-00007980-00008162 favorite things because I got to promote
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00027-00008163-00008294 sustainable transportation which is
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00028-00008295-00008441 something that I really believe in and I
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00029-00008442-00008579 also got to meet some of you guys so
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00030-00008580-00008768 thank you so much to everyone that came
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00031-00008769-00008930 up to me at orientation today and so
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00032-00008931-00009098 that they recognize me from YouTube it
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00033-00009099-00009233 really means a lot to me and I'm really
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00034-00009234-00009455 glad that my videos helped you guys I'm
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00035-00009456-00009563 probably not gonna do anything else
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00036-00009564-00009713 today I'm really just gonna go and put
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00037-00009714-00009869 the dogs for a little bit so I'm gonna
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00038-00009870-00010024 end the video here I hope you all
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00039-00010025-00010288 enjoyed seeing what a day in my life is
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00040-00010289-00010481 like during the summer but I visit super
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00041-00010482-00010673 exciting right now but I'm actually kind
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00042-00010674-00010904 of enjoying how calm it is compared to
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00043-00010905-00011054 how it was during the school year let me
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00044-00011055-00011174 know what you did today down in the
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00045-00011175-00011335 comments below and if you want to help
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00046-00011336-00011513 save the bus that I was riding in this
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00047-00011514-00011674 video click the link down below and you
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00048-00011675-00011837 can get ten free rides just make sure
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00049-00011838-00011966 that you select the clipper option
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00050-00011967-00012199 because the easy fare expires at the end
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00051-00012200-00012320 of the month so y'all so much for
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00052-00012321-00012437 watching that stay awesome and I'll see
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00053-00012438-00012695 you guys soon with a new video goodbye
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00054-00012696-00014435 [Music]
+ltQYiVMLrZc-00055-00014436-00014641 you
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00000-00000020-00000310 attention five points residents this is
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00001-00000311-00000493 a community notification of a new
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00002-00000494-00000726 sexually violent predator in your area
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00003-00000727-00000958 please stay tuned to the following short
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00004-00000959-00001320 program for more information hi i'm
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00005-00001321-00001470 technician ron hackett with the Denver
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00006-00001471-00001672 Police Department the sex offender
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00007-00001673-00001921 registration and compliance unit at BPD
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00008-00001922-00002135 is responsible for the registration
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00009-00002136-00002352 monitoring and tracking of all
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00010-00002353-00002581 registered sex offenders and sexually
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00011-00002582-00002755 violent predators who live in the City
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00012-00002756-00002920 and County of Denver here's a brief
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00013-00002921-00003133 history of sex offender legislation in
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00014-00003134-00003336 Colorado our state laws trickled down
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00015-00003337-00003625 from federal government mandates in 1994
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00016-00003626-00003861 we had the Jacob Wetterling Act which
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00017-00003862-00004056 mandated that states would establish a
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00018-00004057-00004177 sex offender list
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00019-00004178-00004494 Megan's law of 1996 said that the public
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00020-00004495-00004725 would have access to those sex offender
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00021-00004726-00004947 registration lists the Pam listener Act
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00022-00004948-00005196 of 1996 stated that some offenders might
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00023-00005197-00005403 have to have lifetime registrations in
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00024-00005404-00005754 the Adam Walsh act of 2006 unified sex
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00025-00005755-00005994 offender laws across the country in
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00026-00005995-00006210 Colorado the legislature has determined
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00027-00006211-00006384 that sexually violent predators by
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00028-00006385-00006592 definition pose a higher risk to the
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00029-00006593-00006785 community at large and therefore
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00030-00006786-00007038 mandated that upon their release from
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00031-00007039-00007180 the Department of Corrections the
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00032-00007181-00007446 community must be notified sex offender
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00033-00007447-00007645 notification in Colorado happens in two
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00034-00007645-00007855 ways the first is passive and ongoing
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00035-00007856-00008038 through the sex offender registration
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00036-00008039-00008256 process which is a list maintained by
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00037-00008257-00008466 local police departments the second way
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00038-00008467-00008763 is active via community notification for
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00039-00008764-00008923 those offenders determined to be
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00040-00008924-00009130 sexually violent predators by the courts
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00041-00009131-00009337 or by the parole board most sex
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00042-00009338-00009541 offenders in Colorado are supervised by
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00043-00009542-00009733 the criminal justice system in our
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00044-00009734-00009958 communities both sex offenders engage in
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00045-00009959-00010170 crossover behavior which means they may
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00046-00010171-00010408 have been arrested for one type of crime
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00047-00010409-00010671 but be apt to commit another many sex
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00048-00010672-00010824 offenders have no criminal history at
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00049-00010825-00011044 all prior to their arrest there is no
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00050-00011045-00011305 typical sex offender but all tend to be
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00051-00011306-00011589 deceptive manipulative and secretive
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00052-00011590-00011845 80 to 93 percent of sex offenses are
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00053-00011846-00012023 committed by someone known to the victim
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00054-00012024-00012321 sexual deviancy begins in mid to late
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00055-00012322-00012564 adolescence sex offenses are not
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00056-00012565-00012756 impulsive they're usually carefully
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00057-00012757-00012969 planned and most sex offenders are male
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00058-00012970-00013222 the community has a vested interest in
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00059-00013222-00013396 helping offenders to be success
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00060-00013397-00013615 managing the community sex offenders
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00061-00013616-00013786 have the same need for housing and
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00062-00013787-00013999 employment as any other citizen any
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00063-00014000-00014179 citizen who uses sex offender
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00064-00014180-00014394 information to harass threaten or
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00065-00014396-00014659 intimidate an offender will be subject
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00066-00014660-00014794 to criminal prosecution
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00067-00014794-00015031 there are approximately sixteen thousand
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00068-00015032-00015216 five hundred registered sex offenders in
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00069-00015218-00015487 the state of Colorado about 65% of
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00070-00015488-00015676 convicted sex offenders are placed in
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00071-00015677-00015897 the community on probation the remainder
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00072-00015899-00016069 are in the Department of Corrections or
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00073-00016069-00016288 Community Corrections offenders may be
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00074-00016288-00016516 copper one type of offense but be at a
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00075-00016517-00016738 high risk to commit another type crime
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00076-00016739-00016933 of conviction is only one indicator of
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00077-00016934-00017203 risk a sexually violent predator must
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00078-00017204-00017317 register with the Denver Police
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00079-00017318-00017515 Department sex offender registration
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00080-00017516-00017707 unit every three months for the rest of
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00081-00017708-00017905 their life the offender's residents must
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00082-00017906-00018112 be verified quarterly by the Denver
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00083-00018113-00018316 Police Department the full sex offender
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00084-00018317-00018481 registration list is available by
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00085-00018482-00018631 calling the Denver Police Department
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00086-00018632-00018982 identification bureau at seven 209 one
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00087-00018983-00019291 three six seven five six convicted
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00088-00019292-00019438 felons and those with multiple
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00089-00019439-00019768 convictions are posted online at Denver
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00090-00019769-00020158 gov dot org slash police remember
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00091-00020159-00020350 sexually violent predators do not
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00092-00020351-00020557 represent all dangerous sex offenders
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00093-00020558-00020794 the community notification process and
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00094-00020795-00021034 sex offender registration are not a
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00095-00021035-00021361 complete deterrent to sexual assault now
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00096-00021362-00021550 here's a look at the newest sexually
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00097-00021551-00021861 violent predator living in Denver
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00098-00021862-00022093 here's an overview of the registered sex
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00099-00022094-00022291 offenders currently living in Denver
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00100-00022292-00022633 there's 2482 total living within city
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00101-00022634-00022867 limits in Denver police district 6 there
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00102-00022868-00023257 are 500 precinct 612 has 169 registered
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00103-00023258-00023572 sex offenders of those 119 have felony
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00104-00023573-00023758 convictions and 50 have misdemeanor
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00105-00023759-00023856 convictions
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00106-00023857-00024160 John David Gravier is a sexually violent
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00107-00024161-00024361 predator currently living in Denver he's
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00108-00024362-00024691 70 years old and was born on May 18 1949
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00109-00024692-00024958 he's a white male 5 foot 10 inches tall
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00110-00024959-00025244 200 pounds with grey hair and brown eyes
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00111-00025245-00025555 he's currently living at 1901 29th
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00112-00025556-00025774 Street number 24 in the Five Points
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00113-00025775-00026103 neighborhood of Denver schools located
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00114-00026104-00026304 within one mile of the offenders include
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00115-00026305-00026602 University prep school at 2409 Arapaho
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00116-00026602-00026857 Street Kohl Arts and Science Academy at
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00117-00026858-00027130 30 to 40 Humboldt Street Gilliam school
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00118-00027131-00027427 at 2844 Downing Street Cole Middle
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00119-00027427-00027775 School at 1350 East 33rd Avenue Garden
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00120-00027776-00028042 Place Academy at 44 25 Lincoln Street
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00121-00028043-00028389 Gilpin Montessori at 2949 California
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00122-00028391-00028642 Street Annunciation Catholic school at
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00123-00028643-00029056 35 36 Lafayette Street parks located
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00124-00029057-00029295 within 1 mile of the offenders including
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00125-00029295-00029640 landing Park Curtis Park Morrison Park
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00126-00029641-00029970 Williams Park ciencia Park Columbus Park
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00127-00029972-00030189 Franco Park community Plaza Park
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00128-00030191-00030451 Highland gateway Park Sonny Lawson Park
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00129-00030452-00030748 Denver skatepark Cuernavaca Park Stout
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00130-00030749-00030958 Street children's park my Estes Park
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00131-00030958-00031210 Commons park st. Patrick's neighborhood
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00132-00031211-00031554 park st. Charles Place park quick Park
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00133-00031555-00031798 Recreation Center is located within one
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00134-00031799-00032026 mile of this offender in clewd globe
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00135-00032027-00032287 ville rec center at 44 96 Grant Street
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00136-00032288-00032611 Saint Charles rec center at 37 77
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00137-00032612-00032857 Lafayette Street Glenarm rec center at
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00138-00032858-00033148 2800 Glenarm Place 20th Street rec
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00139-00033149-00033484 center at 1011 20th Street bus routes
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00140-00033485-00033694 located within 1 mile of this offender
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00141-00033695-00033877 include route 48
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00142-00033878-00034192 Broadway and Lawrence route 48 29th
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00143-00034193-00034459 Street and Brighton Boulevard a brief
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00144-00034460-00034660 history of charges against this offender
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00145-00034661-00034885 to charges of sexual assault on a child
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00146-00034886-00035233 position of trust victim 15 to 18
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00147-00035234-00035407 currently on parole and registered with
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00148-00035408-00035572 the Denver Police Department On February
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00149-00035573-00036043 14 2022 1901 29th Street number 24 and
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00150-00036044-00036210 the Five Points neighborhood of Denver
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00151-00036211-00036457 passed charges against this offender
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00152-00036458-00036699 include sexual assault on a child
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00153-00036700-00036952 disarming a peace officer third-degree
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00154-00036953-00037212 assault resisting arrest parole
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00155-00037213-00037534 violation John David Gravier has been
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00156-00037535-00037699 determined a sexually violent predator
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00157-00037700-00037868 after meeting the following criteria
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00158-00037869-00038161 criteria one age 18 or older on the date
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00159-00038162-00038395 of the offense or under 18 and tried as
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00160-00038396-00038707 an adult the offender was age 61 at the
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00161-00038708-00038983 time of the offense criteria to the
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00162-00038984-00039121 crime must have been committed on or
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00163-00039122-00039403 after July 1st 1997 and convicted on or
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00164-00039404-00039679 after July 1st 1999 crimes include
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00165-00039680-00039898 sexual assault felony unlawful sexual
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00166-00039899-00040195 contact sexual assault on a child sexual
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00167-00040196-00040377 assault on a child by a person in a
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00168-00040378-00040606 position of trust the offender was
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00169-00040607-00040894 convicted on November 16 2010 for two
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00170-00040895-00041089 charges of sexual assault and a child
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00171-00041090-00041427 position of trust victim 15 to 18
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00172-00041428-00041683 criteria 3 the relationship to the
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00173-00041684-00041881 victim was one of the following victim
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00174-00041882-00042112 was a stranger to the offender or the
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00175-00042113-00042274 offender established or promoted a
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00176-00042275-00042460 relationship with the victim primarily
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00177-00042461-00042681 for the purpose of sexual victimization
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00178-00042682-00042996 the victims were a nine and 13 year old
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00179-00042997-00043249 female the offender was known to the
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00180-00043250-00043587 victims criteria for positive results
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00181-00043588-00043735 are the passing of a risk assessment
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00182-00043736-00043945 instrument administered by probation
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00183-00043946-00044127 parole staff and a qualified treatment
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00184-00044128-00044362 evaluator positive results include an
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00185-00044363-00044527 assessment for the presence of a mental
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00186-00044528-00044758 abnormality a level of denial regarding
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00187-00044759-00044944 the offense treatment appropriateness
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00188-00044945-00045162 and motivation presence of sexual
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00189-00045163-00045427 deviant interests the offender was
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00190-00045428-00045621 evaluated by the douglas county courts
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00191-00045622-00045846 with positive results determining him to
+lv3dCAMWmLc-00193-00050293-00050604 [Music]
+lxfzrTBMs14-00000-00000054-00001183 [Music]
+lxfzrTBMs14-00001-00001184-00001392 you
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00000-00000376-00000671 hi i'm mark brooks from clovis new
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00001-00000672-00000847 mexico so
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00002-00000848-00000966 and uh
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00003-00000967-00001191 over the past few months i've lost 25
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00004-00001192-00001558 pounds from 265 down to 240.
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00005-00001559-00001791 it's all done just by your psychology
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00006-00001792-00002030 how you feel towards food
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00007-00002032-00002223 no use of diet plans no counting
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00008-00002224-00002334 calories
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00009-00002335-00002575 don't not using any weight loss
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00010-00002576-00002910 supplements or
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00011-00002911-00003319 it's just it's all psychology which uh
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00012-00003320-00003631 which um
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00013-00003632-00003815 so i tried and never got much results
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00014-00003815-00004031 you know i used to get i used to get my
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00015-00004032-00004191 weight down to uh
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00016-00004192-00004438 250 the best i could do then
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00017-00004439-00004663 my weight would go back up and so at
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00018-00004664-00004902 least with this psychology plan
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00019-00004903-00005086 i've been able to break that 250 pound
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00020-00005087-00005359 barrier and get it down to 200 240 it
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00021-00005360-00005622 looks like i'm going to keep
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00022-00005623-00005911 going going down and wait if i keep up
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00023-00005912-00006063 my plan
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00024-00006064-00006183 so
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00025-00006184-00006431 because psychology instead of a
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00026-00006431-00006655 counting calories you're simply coping
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00027-00006656-00006919 with a desire to overeat and eat things
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00028-00006920-00007103 you should not eat
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00029-00007104-00007351 yeah for example it's very difficult
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00030-00007352-00007519 during thanksgiving and christmas so
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00031-00007520-00007614 much
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00032-00007615-00007839 food variety attempting food and trees
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00033-00007840-00008039 you know thanksgiving was five days ago
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00034-00008040-00008303 like regaining about two pounds
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00035-00008304-00008510 so i've had to
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00036-00008511-00008678 work on that to get that extra two
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00037-00008679-00008887 pounds off
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00038-00008888-00009087 and uh
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00039-00009088-00009255 yes so
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00040-00009256-00009614 i'll be talking about uh
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00041-00009615-00009783 what you can do what you can do to
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00042-00009784-00009991 prevent uh to help prevent that urge to
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00043-00009992-00010263 overeat for example uh
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00044-00010264-00010542 are you feeling thirsty or hungry
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00045-00010543-00010735 you know you may you may feel thirsty
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00046-00010736-00010878 but you think you're hungry and you'll
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00047-00010879-00011078 end up eating something or snacking on
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00048-00011079-00011231 something where's
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00049-00011232-00011438 a simple solution for that
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00050-00011439-00011646 always stay hydrated of course as long
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00051-00011647-00011823 as you're hydrated you can tell for sure
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00052-00011824-00012135 if you're uh truly hungry or
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00053-00012136-00012231 or not
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00054-00012232-00012438 and so
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00055-00012439-00012527 and that
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00056-00012528-00012735 while you're hydrated listen to your
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00057-00012736-00013015 body how your body feels are you truly
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00058-00013016-00013294 starved if not uh there's no need to eat
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00059-00013295-00013503 maybe i'll wait later to eat maybe i'll
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00060-00013504-00013655 just skip a meal
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00061-00013656-00013863 and maybe have a small snack maybe some
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00062-00013863-00014030 mixed nuts or
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00063-00014031-00014294 fruits and vegetables
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00064-00014295-00014486 just to sustain me until it's time to
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00065-00014487-00014694 have a meal
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00066-00014695-00014847 and
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00067-00014847-00015079 and yeah another point is to eat small
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00068-00015080-00015271 servings to begin with
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00069-00015272-00015503 i have a tendency when i when i'm eating
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00070-00015504-00015775 a meal i want to finish it all clean my
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00071-00015776-00015950 plate off
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00072-00015951-00016175 and if i have too much of a serving what
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00073-00016176-00016415 does that mean i'm over eating i'm going
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00074-00016416-00016655 to gain weight from doing that so
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00075-00016656-00016799 so the solution there is just simply
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00076-00016800-00017047 have a smaller serving to begin with and
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00077-00017048-00017222 i'll clean that off and see how i feel
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00078-00017223-00017367 afterwards if i want to
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00079-00017368-00017558 if i truly need to have anything extra
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00080-00017559-00017807 in seconds after
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00081-00017808-00017991 so
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00082-00017992-00018111 you know
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00083-00018112-00018311 i i tend to eat more vegetables and
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00084-00018312-00018614 fruit and less meat especially beef
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00085-00018615-00018791 i'll eat some salmon you know some
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00086-00018792-00018967 poultry
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00087-00018968-00019263 and uh you want to minimize uh refined
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00088-00019264-00019471 sugar because uh
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00089-00019472-00019686 you eat more complex carbohydrates such
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00090-00019687-00019886 as potatoes and rice
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00091-00019887-00019999 yeah
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00092-00020000-00020214 complex carbohydrate carbohydrates
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00093-00020215-00020503 digest slowly that results in a slow
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00094-00020504-00020839 gradual and healthier supply of
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00095-00020840-00021255 sugar entering the bloodstream so
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00096-00021256-00021358 and
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00097-00021359-00021686 don't use salt if possible if because if
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00098-00021687-00021975 sodium retains water if you
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00099-00021976-00022183 ingest more salt your body has to retain
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00100-00022184-00022375 more water to keep that water the sodium
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00101-00022376-00022567 balance
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00102-00022568-00022758 so
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00103-00022759-00022950 i i don't i don't use salt if possible
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00104-00022951-00023199 in my cooking or maybe just use a
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00105-00023200-00023430 you know spot some spices which will
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00106-00023431-00023655 help add the needed flavor without
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00107-00023656-00023886 having to add salt and
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00108-00023887-00024207 more sodium to me
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00109-00024208-00024350 and so
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00110-00024351-00024511 that's not the everything i can say
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00111-00024512-00024767 about as long as i stick with that plan
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00112-00024768-00024975 don't need to count counties just listen
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00113-00024976-00025103 to my body
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00114-00025104-00025271 how it feels
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00115-00025272-00025455 always stay hydrated so i don't confuse
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00116-00025456-00025646 thirst with hunger
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00117-00025647-00025911 and just feel just how i truly feel do i
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00118-00025912-00026127 really need to eat if not do without or
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00119-00026127-00026287 wait later that's all there is to it
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00120-00026288-00026374 that's
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00121-00026375-00026543 that's been proven very successful for
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00122-00026544-00026670 me
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00123-00026672-00026862 but nonetheless i hope you
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00124-00026863-00027279 found this video very informative and uh
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00125-00027280-00027431 and i would wish you the best look and
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00126-00027432-00027567 uh
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00127-00027568-00027718 and how you how you lose weight like i
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00128-00027719-00028343 did
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00129-00028344-00028446 here's what i'm going to talk about my
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00130-00028447-00028639 channel was about the name of it
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00131-00028639-00028823 musically mark which
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00132-00028824-00029039 i'm also a amateur musician which i do a
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00133-00029039-00029183 lot of playing only going to do
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00134-00029183-00029446 recordings on my uh playing and
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00135-00029447-00029662 add on to my youtube channel
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00136-00029663-00029839 and now this is the holiday season what
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00137-00029839-00029967 will i be doing of course playing
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00138-00029968-00030102 christmas songs
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00139-00030103-00030374 i'll do things like i take this uh
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00140-00030375-00030511 read organ
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00141-00030512-00030695 to walmart
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00142-00030695-00030862 yeah and uh while i'm waiting on a
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00143-00030863-00031046 checkout line i'll play a christmas song
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00144-00031047-00031118 and
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00145-00031119-00031318 record a selfie video which i'll add to
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00146-00031319-00031470 my channel
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00147-00031472-00031646 i've done this before but did not record
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00148-00031647-00031895 a channel so
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00149-00031895-00032031 that's going to be really fun to see
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00150-00032032-00032158 what happens
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00151-00032160-00032462 to see the results as i do that so a
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00152-00032463-00032799 short example
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00153-00032800-00034716 [Music]
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00154-00034717-00034824 [Applause]
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00155-00034825-00036335 [Music]
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00156-00036336-00036518 okay subscribe so you can see more of
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00157-00036519-00036735 this and what else will be doing and as
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00158-00036736-00036902 i continue losing weight i'll uh
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00159-00036903-00037143 consider more
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00160-00037144-00037351 video blogging the uh
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00161-00037352-00037551 bloggings to
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00162-00037552-00037823 demonstrate how to uh explain how how
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00163-00037824-00038102 i'm doing and what else i may be doing
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00164-00038103-00038302 to continue my weight loss success so
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00165-00038303-00040127 again thanks for watching
+lBLbjLxIvCM-00166-00040128-00040336 you
+lCE9kijvjWI-00000-00000064-00000295 security is serious and gaming is
+lCE9kijvjWI-00001-00000296-00000399 playful
+lCE9kijvjWI-00002-00000400-00000655 in the citadel programming lab secure
+lCE9kijvjWI-00003-00000656-00000943 coding becomes playful and you seriously
+lCE9kijvjWI-00004-00000944-00001423 learn cybersecurity by playing
+lCE9kijvjWI-00005-00001424-00001718 we developed a virtual lab the citadel
+lCE9kijvjWI-00006-00001719-00001855 programming lab
+lCE9kijvjWI-00007-00001855-00002134 for secure coding with a secure serious
+lCE9kijvjWI-00008-00002135-00002326 game
+lCE9kijvjWI-00009-00002327-00002567 it's a tower defense game where a flow
+lCE9kijvjWI-00010-00002568-00002942 of vehicle is trying to reach your asset
+lCE9kijvjWI-00011-00002943-00003206 you will need to defend it
+lCE9kijvjWI-00012-00003207-00003479 you have different towers to help you in
+lCE9kijvjWI-00013-00003479-00003895 your defense again these attacks
+lCE9kijvjWI-00014-00003896-00004167 the tower defense game renders tangible
+lCE9kijvjWI-00015-00004168-00004559 attacks that occur in a digital context
+lCE9kijvjWI-00016-00004560-00004831 in the game you activate your towers
+lCE9kijvjWI-00017-00004832-00005143 with your mouse and your keyboard
+lCE9kijvjWI-00018-00005144-00005422 you enter the code names of vehicles to
+lCE9kijvjWI-00019-00005423-00005567 target them
+lCE9kijvjWI-00020-00005568-00006038 but be aware the name can hide an attack
+lCE9kijvjWI-00021-00006039-00006302 you will also use your keyboard to build
+lCE9kijvjWI-00022-00006303-00006559 your digital defense
+lCE9kijvjWI-00023-00006559-00006775 to upgrade your towers you can undertake
+lCE9kijvjWI-00024-00006776-00007175 secure programming tasks
+lCE9kijvjWI-00025-00007176-00007406 the game transforms into a gitlab
+lCE9kijvjWI-00026-00007408-00007542 computer lab
+lCE9kijvjWI-00027-00007543-00007767 where you write secure programs and test
+lCE9kijvjWI-00028-00007768-00007934 your solutions
+lCE9kijvjWI-00029-00007936-00008142 the programming tasks are available in
+lCE9kijvjWI-00030-00008143-00008431 both java and python
+lCE9kijvjWI-00031-00008432-00008831 they're about securing data execution or
+lCE9kijvjWI-00032-00008832-00009055 communications
+lCE9kijvjWI-00033-00009056-00009231 your communication tower is getting
+lCE9kijvjWI-00034-00009232-00009414 hijacked
+lCE9kijvjWI-00035-00009415-00009623 take the programming tasks to strengthen
+lCE9kijvjWI-00036-00009624-00009910 their communication
+lCE9kijvjWI-00037-00009911-00010310 the gameplay explains security processes
+lCE9kijvjWI-00038-00010311-00010519 and through the gameplay game elements
+lCE9kijvjWI-00039-00010520-00010783 lead to the coding
+lCE9kijvjWI-00040-00010784-00011014 the security coding reinforces the game
+lCE9kijvjWI-00041-00011015-00011278 metaphors
+lCE9kijvjWI-00042-00011279-00011591 the cyber security of the game
+lCE9kijvjWI-00043-00011592-00011910 and tasks are aligned to the cyborg
+lCE9kijvjWI-00044-00011911-00012319 the cybersecurity body of knowledge
+lCE9kijvjWI-00045-00012320-00012599 the relations with the knowledge areas
+lCE9kijvjWI-00046-00012600-00012879 and topics of cyborg are made explicit
+lCE9kijvjWI-00047-00012880-00013038 in the lab
+lCE9kijvjWI-00048-00013039-00013366 these links to cyboc map the scope of
+lCE9kijvjWI-00049-00013368-00013751 the learning outcomes of the lab
+lCE9kijvjWI-00050-00013752-00013991 the lab can be self-hosted for the
+lCE9kijvjWI-00051-00013991-00014407 purpose of training or running a course
+lCE9kijvjWI-00052-00014408-00014638 users play and code while learning about
+lCE9kijvjWI-00053-00014640-00014855 cybersecurity
+lCE9kijvjWI-00054-00014856-00015071 they also review code and compete for
+lCE9kijvjWI-00055-00015072-00015327 higher scores
+lCE9kijvjWI-00056-00015328-00015615 the lab teachers can make use of the
+lCE9kijvjWI-00057-00015616-00015863 provided lab sheets
+lCE9kijvjWI-00058-00015863-00016119 they can also access the students coding
+lCE9kijvjWI-00059-00016119-00016350 for potential assessments
+lCE9kijvjWI-00060-00016351-00016703 or direct feedback
+lCE9kijvjWI-00061-00016704-00016943 the development of the game and platform
+lCE9kijvjWI-00062-00016944-00017247 has been supported by risks
+lCE9kijvjWI-00063-00017248-00017407 and csc
+lCE9kijvjWI-00064-00017408-00017663 the cycrus epsrc project
+lCE9kijvjWI-00065-00017664-00017927 and cyborg
+lCE9kijvjWI-00066-00017928-00018158 the gaming platform were developed in
+lCE9kijvjWI-00067-00018159-00018294 scotland
+lCE9kijvjWI-00068-00018295-00018630 jointly at heritage university and the
+lCE9kijvjWI-00069-00018631-00018958 glasgow school of art
+lCE9kijvjWI-00070-00018959-00019039 so
+lCE9kijvjWI-00071-00019040-00019255 get in touch if you want to play
+lCE9kijvjWI-00072-00019256-00019399 if you want to learn
+lCE9kijvjWI-00073-00019400-00019630 or if you want to use the lab in your
+lCE9kijvjWI-00074-00019631-00019871 own teaching
+lCE9kijvjWI-00075-00019872-00020244 thanks for listening
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00000-00000014-00000400 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00001-00000401-00000799 [Laughter]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00002-00000800-00001231 hmm
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00003-00001232-00002927 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00004-00002928-00003747 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00005-00003747-00004090 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00006-00004092-00004484 ready go
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00007-00004485-00006900 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00008-00006901-00007503 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00009-00007504-00009087 done
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00010-00009088-00009497 hmm
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00011-00009498-00009947 [Applause]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00012-00009948-00010183 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00013-00010184-00010477 ready
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00014-00010478-00010614 [Applause]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00015-00010615-00011463 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00016-00011464-00011966 uh
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00017-00011967-00013791 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00018-00013791-00015374 no no no no oh
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00019-00015375-00016863 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00020-00016864-00017828 ready
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00021-00017829-00018879 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00023-00022207-00022871 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00024-00022872-00023293 oh
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00025-00023294-00025806 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00026-00025807-00026100 so
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00028-00029783-00031246 [Music]
+lDt-VSCFK3Q-00029-00031247-00031456 you
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00000-00000046-00000357 anywhere on earth AOA is a calendar
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00001-00000358-00000580 designation which indicates that a
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00002-00000581-00000817 period expires when the date passes
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00003-00000818-00001181 everywhere on earth the last place on
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00004-00001182-00001412 earth where any date exists is on
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00005-00001413-00001751 Howland and Baker islands in the IDL W
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00006-00001752-00001957 time zone the west side of the
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00007-00001959-00002234 International Dateline and so is the
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00008-00002235-00002465 last spot on the globe for any day to
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00009-00002466-00002879 exist therefore the day ends AoE when it
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00010-00002880-00003131 ends on Howland Island the convention
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00011-00003132-00003490 originated in I Triple E 802 point one
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00012-00003492-00003860 six balloting procedures at this point
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00013-00003861-00004247 many I Triple E 802 ballot deadlines are
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00014-00004248-00004572 established as the end of day using AoE
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00015-00004573-00005036 for anywhere on earth as a designation
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00016-00005037-00005320 this means that the deadline has not
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00017-00005321-00005593 passed if anywhere on earth the deadline
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00018-00005594-00005990 date has not yet passed the day's end
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00019-00005991-00006322 AoE occurs at noon coordinated Universal
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00020-00006323-00006673 Time UTC of the following day Howland
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00021-00006675-00006902 and Baker Islands being halfway around
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00022-00006903-00007145 the world from the prime meridian that
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00023-00007145-00007483 is the base reference longitude for UTC
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00024-00007484-00008033 thus in standard notation this is UTC
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00025-00008034-00008392 minus twelve o'clock hour daylight
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00026-00008393-00008732 saving time DST is not applied nor
+lDGJo1mvqyo-00027-00008733-00008972 applicable
+lExBuhDFcDM-00000-00000014-00000265 to find an equation of the line
+lExBuhDFcDM-00001-00000266-00000499 containing the point 6 comma 2 and
+lExBuhDFcDM-00002-00000500-00000808 parallel to the line 3y equals to 2x
+lExBuhDFcDM-00003-00000809-00001150 plus 6 first find the slope from the
+lExBuhDFcDM-00004-00001151-00001532 given equation which has 3 y equals to
+lExBuhDFcDM-00005-00001533-00001743 2x plus 6
+lExBuhDFcDM-00006-00001744-00002059 I'll divide 3 on both the sides which
+lExBuhDFcDM-00007-00002060-00002462 gives us y equals to 2 over 3 times X
+lExBuhDFcDM-00008-00002463-00002891 plus 6 over 3 we found the slope which
+lExBuhDFcDM-00009-00002892-00003233 is 2 over 3 and it will remain the same
+lExBuhDFcDM-00010-00003234-00003481 for the other equation which we'll find
+lExBuhDFcDM-00011-00003482-00003842 out and for that we are using a formula
+lExBuhDFcDM-00012-00003843-00004456 to find an equation we have a point 6
+lExBuhDFcDM-00013-00004457-00004795 comma 2 and the slope will plug in those
+lExBuhDFcDM-00014-00004796-00005309 values and the formula Y minus y1 is 2 m
+lExBuhDFcDM-00015-00005310-00005777 is 2 over 3 and times X minus x1 is 6
+lExBuhDFcDM-00016-00005778-00006266 let's simplify this Y minus 2 equals 2 2
+lExBuhDFcDM-00017-00006267-00006745 over 3 times X minus 4 in our next step
+lExBuhDFcDM-00018-00006747-00006953 we'll add 2 on both the sides which
+lExBuhDFcDM-00019-00006954-00007428 gives us y equals to 2 over 3x minus 2
+lExBuhDFcDM-00020-00007429-00008098 that's the solution and the graph for
+lExBuhDFcDM-00021-00008100-00008423 both the equations will look like that
+lExBuhDFcDM-00022-00008424-00008771 they are parallel to each other
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00000-00001434-00001625 good morning we have general questions
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00001-00001626-00001928 question 1 mark griffin Thank You
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00002-00001929-00002081 presiding officer to ask the Scottish
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00003-00002082-00002317 Government what the impact does of EU
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00004-00002318-00002519 real changes on capital projects and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00005-00002520-00002701 central scotland cabinets a clue John
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00006-00002702-00002917 Swinney the officer advice Parliament
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00007-00002918-00003035 last week that the office of national
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00008-00003036-00003208 statistics is seeking opinion from
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00009-00003209-00003427 eurostat on some points of clarification
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00010-00003428-00003647 relating to their july decision about
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00011-00003647-00003818 the classification of the avenue and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00012-00003819-00004004 west and peripheral route NPD project
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00013-00004004-00004226 this is likely to take some weeks and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00014-00004227-00004442 parallel this college futures trust has
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00015-00004443-00004618 submitted proposals to the earnest in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00016-00004619-00004804 relation to the hub model through which
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00017-00004805-00004958 we are delivering a program of schools
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00018-00004959-00005210 and health projects the onus is likely
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00019-00005211-00005375 to be in a position to respond by later
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00020-00005376-00005624 Tober or November as a result I did not
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00021-00005625-00005795 expect it to be possible for a number of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00022-00005796-00006002 hub projects in the by plane to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00023-00006003-00006163 reach financial close over the coming
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00024-00006164-00006383 weeks sft will continue to engage
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00025-00006384-00006590 closely with project partners to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00026-00006591-00006763 consider the implications for them and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00027-00006764-00006913 the scottish government all of course
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00028-00006914-00007084 keepers the position under cross review
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00029-00007086-00007438 okay like the cabinet's exif that answer
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00030-00007439-00007598 the scottish government approved the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00031-00007598-00007763 merger of a Brinell high school and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00032-00007764-00007952 commonwealth high school with the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00033-00007953-00008095 following condition on the local
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00034-00008097-00008305 authority and I quote to provide the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00035-00008306-00008477 scottish government and the PM councils
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00036-00008478-00008635 of all the skills affected by this
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00037-00008636-00008876 proposal confirmation that funding had
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00038-00008877-00009077 been secured for the new skill along
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00039-00009078-00009212 with a detailed timetable for
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00040-00009213-00009430 development and construction of the new
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00041-00009431-00009694 skill governed that part of the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00042-00009695-00009916 confirmed funding for a new cumbernauld
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00043-00009917-00010108 academy was provided by the scottish
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00044-00010109-00010271 government there was a government
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00045-00010272-00010477 condition of the major proceeding and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00046-00010478-00010666 that the timetable is no put in doubt
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00047-00010667-00010858 due to ashes with the scottish
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00048-00010859-00011021 government funding here there's a
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00049-00011022-00011213 cabinet secretary that the government
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00050-00011214-00011383 has a moral obligation to provide
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00051-00011384-00011569 conventional capital funding for this
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00052-00011570-00012001 particular project cabinet secretary I
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00053-00012002-00012224 we're not gonna agree with mr. Griffin
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00054-00012225-00012397 is that I think the utilization of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00055-00012398-00012805 traditional capital funding is a more
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00056-00012806-00012929 straightforward route for the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00057-00012930-00013076 development of capital infrastructure
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00058-00013077-00013366 and that's why I regret so much the fact
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00059-00013368-00013475 that we've had such substantial
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00060-00013476-00013703 reductions in our capital budget since
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00061-00013704-00013933 the 2010 united kingdom general election
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00062-00013934-00014333 where we are on average operating with
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00063-00014334-00014555 about 1 billion pounds less traditional
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00064-00014556-00014747 capital expenditure than we
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00065-00014747-00014999 had historically so and I think that is
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00066-00015000-00015214 a much more reliable way to fund public
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00067-00015215-00015469 expenditure what we have done to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00068-00015470-00015749 mitigate the effect of that has been to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00069-00015750-00016028 move to the the NPD and hub models and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00070-00016029-00016307 what we are encountering are the very
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00071-00016308-00016538 issues that mr. Griffin fairly races and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00072-00016539-00016874 his question about the the advice on the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00073-00016875-00017216 the ESA rules the government is working
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00074-00017217-00017386 its way through those rules we are
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00075-00017387-00017618 working as diligently as we can with the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00076-00017619-00017764 solid futures trust to resolve these
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00077-00017765-00017986 issues but they are complex matters that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00078-00017987-00018164 have no been referred by the ons to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00079-00018165-00018374 eurostat and i can assure parliament
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00080-00018375-00018550 that i will maintain a very open
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00081-00018551-00018686 dialogue with Parliament and with
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00082-00018687-00018836 stakeholders about how we resolve these
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00083-00018837-00019036 issues I'll speaking us thank you very
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00084-00019037-00019186 much the cabinet secretary has just
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00085-00019187-00019450 referred to the ewp are does the delay
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00086-00019451-00019672 in revising the contract have any impact
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00087-00019673-00019883 at all on the start date for any of the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00088-00019884-00020197 sections of the work on the AWP are on a
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00089-00020198-00020728 social level question to Hugh Hanley to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00090-00020729-00020972 ask the Scottish Government in later
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00091-00020973-00021167 reported uncertainty caused by the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00092-00021168-00021311 transition to the European system
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00093-00021312-00021611 accounts 2010 whether it were in stock
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00094-00021612-00021778 that work should start immediately on
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00095-00021779-00021955 the construction of the new bar head
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00096-00021956-00022124 high school with the Scottish Government
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00097-00022125-00022319 barring any risks and additional
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00098-00022320-00022597 contracts and what contracts amended as
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00099-00022598-00022858 necessary cabinet secretary silly
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00100-00022859-00023030 officer as I advise Parliament last week
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00101-00023031-00023200 and again in my response today to mark
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00102-00023201-00023387 griffin I do not expect it to be
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00103-00023388-00023567 possible for a number of hub projects in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00104-00023568-00023717 the pipeline including Bart head
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00105-00023718-00023912 high school to reach financial close
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00106-00023913-00024112 over the coming weeks while necessary
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00107-00024113-00024236 engagement with the office of national
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00108-00024237-00024497 statistics continues the skies futures
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00109-00024498-00024628 trust will engage closely with all
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00110-00024629-00024790 affected project partners over the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00111-00024791-00025153 coming weeks Hugh Henry then officer the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00112-00025154-00025447 pupils teachers and parents of Bart head
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00113-00025448-00025687 high school are having to cope with a
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00114-00025688-00025949 building that is frankly not fit for
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00115-00025950-00026276 purpose is impacting on the future of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00116-00026277-00026539 these young people now understand the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00117-00026541-00026777 dilemma that the cabinet secretary has
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00118-00026777-00027058 and the difficulties caused by this
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00119-00027059-00027323 decision but you know there is an oak
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00120-00027324-00027496 trees presiding officer where there's a
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00121-00027497-00027764 will there's a way and I'm asking that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00122-00027764-00027983 the cabinet secretary will show some
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00123-00027983-00028118 well too
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00124-00028119-00028270 see that the scottish government with
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00125-00028272-00028489 under ray any additional costs that will
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00126-00028491-00028718 come as a result of this and instruct
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00127-00028719-00028979 the sft should engage and get not what
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00128-00028980-00029254 started immediately cabinet secretary
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00129-00029255-00029630 well I can assure em mr. Henry there is
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00130-00029631-00029858 new absence of will on the part of the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00131-00029858-00030125 government to undertake new school
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00132-00030126-00030389 developments given that over 500 schools
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00133-00030389-00030614 have either been refurbished or rebuilt
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00134-00030614-00030800 under this government's term in office
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00135-00030801-00031094 and so the will is there to take forward
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00136-00031095-00031262 these projects what I have to do is I
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00137-00031263-00031400 have to live within the resources that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00138-00031401-00031517 are available to the Scottish Government
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00139-00031518-00031793 if I'd lived within only the capital
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00140-00031794-00031985 allocations that were available to us
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00141-00031986-00032158 then a whole range of projects and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00142-00032160-00032302 Scotland would not have taken the course
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00143-00032304-00032501 because we were not have used NPD and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00144-00032502-00032732 that's helped to boost the construction
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00145-00032733-00032933 activity within Scotland so much so that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00146-00032934-00033305 in the last 12 months there's been a
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00147-00033306-00033452 twenty-one percent increase in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00148-00033453-00033623 construction activity within Scotland
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00149-00033624-00033785 which has been a fantastic contribution
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00150-00033786-00034019 to economic growth now I can assure mr.
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00151-00034020-00034277 Henley that this issue is at the top of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00152-00034278-00034460 my list of priorities to resolve and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00153-00034461-00034619 there's a huge amount of effort being
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00154-00034620-00034820 undertaken to try to resolve it as
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00155-00034821-00035033 quickly as we possibly can d and I will
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00156-00035034-00035215 of course an advice Parliament of the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00157-00035216-00035360 progress that we make in that respect
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00158-00035361-00035618 Jack built the cabinet's actually told
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00159-00035619-00035813 parliament previously the eight projects
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00160-00035814-00036040 were delayed as a result of a certain
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00161-00036041-00036275 that didn't include barrhead high school
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00162-00036276-00036476 a lady in st. Patrick's high school in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00163-00036477-00036674 my area or cumbernauld high school that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00164-00036675-00036842 we've heard about just now and they're
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00165-00036843-00037061 all clearly caught up in this delay on
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00166-00037062-00037271 the basis of the open dialogue that he
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00167-00037272-00037433 just promised well the cabinet's
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00168-00037434-00037634 actually published the full list of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00169-00037635-00037877 projects affected given that he believes
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00170-00037878-00038108 the delay will be until October or
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00171-00038109-00038342 indeed November cabinet secretary well
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00172-00038343-00038594 I've given comprehensive information to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00173-00038595-00038825 Parliament already in the answers I gave
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00174-00038826-00039008 last week department I've also promised
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00175-00039009-00039137 Parliament that I will make a full
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00176-00039138-00039386 statement once I have more of the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00177-00039387-00039563 information to hand to give Parliament
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00178-00039564-00039785 more clarity about the steps that we can
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00179-00039786-00039971 take in this respect but that the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00180-00039972-00040199 provision of that clarity is not all in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00181-00040200-00040390 my hands it is largely in the hands of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00182-00040391-00040565 the office of national statistics and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00183-00040566-00040940 eurostat so I i refund what I said to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00184-00040941-00041114 pardon last week that i will come to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00185-00041115-00041171 polymer
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00186-00041172-00041396 and through update Parliament in the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00187-00041397-00041645 progress of the projects that are
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00188-00041646-00041897 affected once we have a clearer sense of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00189-00041898-00042107 the wind which this issue is going to be
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00190-00042108-00042443 resolved krishnamurthi Carla Hilton to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00191-00042444-00042590 ask the Scottish Government what recent
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00192-00042591-00042770 discussions that's hard with NHS Fife
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00193-00042771-00042965 regarding maternity services have an
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00194-00042966-00043178 executive shona Robert ministers and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00195-00043179-00043319 government officials regularly meet with
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00196-00043320-00043562 representatives of NHS faith to discuss
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00197-00043563-00043772 matters of importance to local people
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00198-00043773-00044056 including maternity services Carlton I
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00199-00044057-00044255 fight the cabinet secretary for that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00200-00044256-00044441 answer the baby boom in my constituency
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00201-00044442-00044651 of Don fermín is clearly caught NHS
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00202-00044652-00044864 planners by surprise and Addison NHS
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00203-00044865-00045101 five board meeting Scott McLean director
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00204-00045102-00045275 of acute services warned and I caught
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00205-00045276-00045482 this is added significant pressure to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00206-00045483-00045647 maternity services and there is a real
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00207-00045648-00045779 risk that the safety and effectiveness
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00208-00045780-00046010 of the service could be compromised at
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00209-00046011-00046229 these pressures are not addressed yet
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00210-00046230-00046424 despite this very real risk NHS faith
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00211-00046425-00046526 have said they wouldn't review a
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00212-00046527-00046751 maternity services in dunfermline until
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00213-00046752-00046898 a national review has been completed
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00214-00046899-00047069 government were talking about the safety
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00215-00047070-00047252 of moms and babies potentially been
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00216-00047253-00047435 compromised unless action is taken
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00217-00047436-00047621 swiftly well the cabinet secretary
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00218-00047622-00047825 support my call for an argent root and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00219-00047826-00048026 branch review of NHS five maternity
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00220-00048027-00048227 services to ensure the meet the needs of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00221-00048228-00048437 dunfermline and Westlife cabinet
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00222-00048438-00048740 secretary well first of all can I assure
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00223-00048741-00049079 the people of Fife that services are
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00224-00049080-00049771 safe for their use in NHS Fife NHS Fife
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00225-00049772-00050096 have as Carlton rate we said discussed
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00226-00050097-00050492 this matter and of course are looking to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00227-00050493-00050780 refresh the strategy array maternity
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00228-00050781-00050978 services taking into account the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00229-00050979-00051217 increase in the five birth three that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00230-00051219-00051461 Cara Hilton referred to but also the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00231-00051462-00051710 outcome of the maternity and neonatal
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00232-00051711-00052039 services in Scotland and that is under
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00233-00052040-00052333 review at the moment and also to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00234-00052334-00052496 consider the views of local service
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00235-00052497-00052804 users prior to taking any further action
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00236-00052805-00053066 so in the meantime they're not they are
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00237-00053066-00053276 getting on with engaging with the local
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00238-00053277-00053564 community on plans to augment antenatal
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00239-00053565-00053819 and postnatal services on the Queen
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00240-00053820-00053992 Margaret Hospital site so they're
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00241-00053994-00054232 getting on with that but I will make
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00242-00054233-00054331 sure that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00243-00054332-00054661 HS faith are continuing to look at how
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00244-00054662-00054868 they developed the maternity services
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00245-00054869-00055016 but I think it's right and proper that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00246-00055016-00055334 they also look at what their review
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00247-00055335-00055561 recommendations are from the maternity
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00248-00055562-00055766 and neonatal services review that's
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00249-00055766-00055978 taking place nationally question for
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00250-00055979-00056335 clear Adam Thank You presiding officer
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00251-00056336-00056491 to as a Scottish Government twin the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00252-00056492-00056704 ministerial advisory group on child
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00253-00056705-00056996 poverty last mate and what matters were
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00254-00056997-00057178 discussed cabinet check the elise Neal
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00255-00057179-00057365 presiding officer of the ministerial
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00256-00057366-00057544 advisory group and child poverty mate
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00257-00057545-00057691 with officials in Tuesday of this week
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00258-00057692-00057916 and discuss the number of issues related
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00259-00057917-00058204 to child poverty in Scotland including
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00260-00058205-00058348 the ongoing fear of Scotland
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00261-00058349-00058603 conversation and a draft annual report
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00262-00058604-00058807 in child poverty which will be published
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00263-00058808-00059096 later this year the advisory group also
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00264-00059097-00059347 held constructive discussions about the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00265-00059348-00059506 future approach to tackling child
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00266-00059507-00059828 poverty in Scotland clear Adamson thank
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00267-00059829-00059956 the cabinet's actually for his answer
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00268-00059957-00060122 well the cabinet's a tree will be aware
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00269-00060123-00060310 that the UK government has a polished
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00270-00060311-00060574 child poverty targets and plans to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00271-00060575-00060799 redefine the remit of the social
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00272-00060800-00060987 mobility and child poverty Commission
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00273-00060988-00061216 does the cabinet's a two-degree these
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00274-00061217-00061453 are retrograde steps designed to mask
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00275-00061454-00061630 the fact that the UK government will be
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00276-00061631-00061837 pushing even more children and families
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00277-00061838-00062060 into poverty as a result of the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00278-00062061-00062242 nostalgia driven policies such as
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00279-00062243-00062497 cutting tax credits cutting employed
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00280-00062498-00062759 Employment Support Allowance imposing
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00281-00062760-00062968 the benefit cap and the benefit freeze
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00282-00062969-00063244 captain secretary presenting officer as
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00283-00063245-00063385 members will be a wheel the scottish
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00284-00063386-00063553 government does not support the change
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00285-00063554-00063712 is currently being proposed to child
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00286-00063713-00063959 poverty legislation under the UK
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00287-00063960-00064153 government's welfare reform in what bell
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00288-00064154-00064390 i wrote in duncan smith last week
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00289-00064391-00064630 requesting that he amend the bill to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00290-00064631-00064855 repeal all parts of the 2010 act
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00291-00064856-00065023 imposing any duty and scottish ministers
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00292-00065024-00065251 including the duty to appoint a
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00293-00065252-00065447 commissioner to the new social mobility
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00294-00065448-00065716 commission scotland already has in place
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00295-00065717-00065909 an innovative measurement framework
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00296-00065910-00066130 developed in collaboration with the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00297-00066131-00066388 advisory group and Satan's child poverty
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00298-00066389-00066803 strategy for Scotland 2014 17 and that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00299-00066804-00067006 addresses the wide range of drivers of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00300-00067007-00067255 poverty as well as the impacts poverty
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00301-00067256-00067480 has on the lives of children and their
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00302-00067481-00067619 families we will
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00303-00067620-00067781 continue to report against this
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00304-00067782-00068040 framework but well what was stakeholders
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00305-00068041-00068438 to build and improve and proven it the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00306-00068439-00068630 advisory groups advice and input in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00307-00068631-00068849 Tuesday was a welcome start to these
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00308-00068850-00069101 discussions and will continue to be
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00309-00069102-00069323 important as we develop a Scottish
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00310-00069324-00069554 approach to tacking tackling child
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00311-00069555-00069909 poverty question 5 wrote a grant to ask
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00312-00069910-00070082 the Scottish Government what action is
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00313-00070083-00070278 taken to promote emergency life support
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00314-00070279-00070584 training in school cabinet secretary
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00315-00070585-00070901 Robertson as part of the implementation
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00316-00070902-00071099 of the out-of-hospital cardiac erase
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00317-00071100-00071267 strategy the government is working with
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00318-00071268-00071456 stakeholder organizations to develop
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00319-00071457-00071786 ideas and initiatives to increase CPR
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00320-00071787-00072017 training and pleased that the British
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00321-00072018-00072257 Heart Foundation has committed to work
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00322-00072258-00072459 with all secondary schools in Scotland
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00323-00072460-00072710 by 2020 so that they are equipped to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00324-00072711-00072980 teach CPR and public us access
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00325-00072981-00073428 defibrillator awareness Rhoda grin thank
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00326-00073429-00073604 the cabinet secretary for that response
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00327-00073605-00073866 it's also important as well as learning
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00328-00073867-00074105 CPR that young people know where to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00329-00074106-00074385 locate an AED also known as a
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00330-00074386-00074616 defibrillator many communities in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00331-00074617-00074796 Scotland have fundraise to purchase
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00332-00074797-00075086 these ABS can I ask what the Scottish
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00333-00075087-00075240 Government are doing to identify the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00334-00075241-00075510 location of all aedes and ensure that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00335-00075511-00075776 they're all maintained and given young
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00336-00075777-00076049 people's use of modern technology well
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00337-00076050-00076361 they also work with cloud sub AED who
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00338-00076362-00076535 have an app that you can download onto
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00339-00076536-00076712 your mobile phone that will lead you to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00340-00076713-00077024 the nearest AED cabinet sector I'll
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00341-00077025-00077216 certainly look into root a grant
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00342-00077217-00077591 suggestion and as far as the location or
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00343-00077592-00077894 issue is concerned a modern what
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00344-00077895-00078161 Minister for public health is taking
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00345-00078162-00078368 forward work around that because it is
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00346-00078369-00078698 important to say know where the cat is
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00347-00078699-00078899 but also importantly to make sure that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00348-00078900-00079229 those those who are nearest to those
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00349-00079230-00079478 locations who want to be trained are
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00350-00079479-00079785 trained and that the cat is kept in good
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00351-00079786-00080223 order and so I certainly I'm happy to a
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00352-00080224-00080429 key predict that informed of that and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00353-00080430-00080622 give her a bit more detail or I'll ask a
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00354-00080623-00080761 morning what to do so
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00355-00080762-00081061 we're thrown updates I should also just
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00356-00081062-00081325 finally see that you to pay tribute to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00357-00081326-00081466 the communities that have fun needs
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00358-00081467-00081763 around this issue it is an important in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00359-00081764-00082114 addition to the life-saving services
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00360-00082115-00082318 that we have within Scotland and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00361-00082319-00082597 communities have gone out of their way
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00362-00082598-00082957 to make sure that they can develop them
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00363-00082958-00083332 and add to the number of defibrillators
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00364-00083333-00083470 publicly available and i would pay
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00365-00083471-00083686 tribute to their actions coach number
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00366-00083687-00083848 six Gavin Brown thank you for setting
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00367-00083849-00084034 officer to us a Scottish Government what
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00368-00084035-00084289 progress is being made with the Scottish
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00369-00084290-00084517 Business Development Bank cabinet sector
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00370-00084518-00084649 John Swinney so they also good
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00371-00084650-00084751 progresses were meeting the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00372-00084752-00084910 establishment of a business development
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00373-00084911-00085147 bank and we will say that the options
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00374-00085148-00085306 for how the Bible apne and a timetable
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00375-00085307-00085482 for its establishment by the end of this
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00376-00085483-00085711 year as part of the preparations for the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00377-00085712-00085849 establishment of the bank the programme
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00378-00085850-00085963 for government contained the cities of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00379-00085964-00086182 new announcements to continue to support
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00380-00086183-00086425 SMEs including launching a new 40
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00381-00086426-00086635 million pounds SME holding fund this
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00382-00086636-00086850 autumn to provide investment TSM ease
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00383-00086851-00087051 expanding the provision of spaces
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00384-00087052-00087250 financial readiness advice for SMEs and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00385-00087251-00087454 working with our enterprise agency and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00386-00087455-00087673 local authority partners to simplify how
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00387-00087674-00087894 s amis access finance advice and support
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00388-00087895-00088156 Gavin Brown presenting officer this bank
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00389-00088157-00088309 was first announced by the government
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00390-00088310-00088501 well over two years ago so he has an
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00391-00088502-00088737 interesting definition of good progress
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00392-00088738-00089065 can I ask the cabinet secretary and will
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00393-00089066-00089307 the bank be open for business before the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00394-00089308-00089659 dissolution of Parliament well that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00395-00089660-00089848 would be that will be dependent on the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00396-00089849-00089998 notice the government makes towards the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00397-00089999-00090205 end of this year and we will say they're
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00398-00090206-00090355 all of the detail of that stage I would
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00399-00090356-00090529 have thought this might have been an
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00400-00090530-00090763 opportunity for mr. Brown to welcome the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00401-00090764-00090957 launch of the 40 million pound SME
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00402-00090958-00091114 holding fund which is going to give
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00403-00091115-00091300 practical assistance to sm ease in the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00404-00091301-00091471 country and that's part of the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00405-00091472-00091657 preparations for the delivery of the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00406-00091658-00091873 scottish business development bank first
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00407-00091874-00092146 of seven Jackson Carlaw to ask the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00408-00092147-00092281 Scottish Government what the recommended
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00409-00092282-00092419 roots are for people travelling in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00410-00092420-00092590 public transport from Easter em for sure
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00411-00092591-00092734 to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and how
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00412-00092735-00092982 long an average it is anticipated those
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00413-00092983-00093223 roots should take Minister Derek I
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00414-00093224-00093478 travel lane Scotland provides tailored
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00415-00093479-00093667 Johnny planning for anyone traveling to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00416-00093668-00093874 the Queen Elizabeth Elizabeth university
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00417-00093875-00094093 hospitals travelling information takes
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00418-00094094-00094148 account of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00419-00094149-00094361 individuals point of departure and the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00420-00094362-00094538 time of day when they wish to travel the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00421-00094539-00094694 information provided to travelers
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00422-00094695-00094907 includes available alternatives along
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00423-00094908-00095087 with an estimate of how long any journey
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00424-00095088-00095342 will take in addition SPT and greater a
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00425-00095343-00095561 glasgow and clyde health ward have a
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00426-00095562-00095693 great deal of information on the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00427-00095694-00095897 respective websites on how to get to the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00428-00095898-00096221 new hospital I thank the Minister for
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00429-00096222-00096407 that there has been a breakthrough of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00430-00096408-00096635 sorts in as much as parts of East to it
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00431-00096636-00096857 what I live in the umpteenth version of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00432-00096858-00097115 the transport access plan have finally
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00433-00097116-00097268 appeared if only in a series of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00434-00097269-00097538 disembodied boxes in the nether regions
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00435-00097539-00097775 of the map does he appreciate that the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00436-00097776-00097963 primary concern of many regarding the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00437-00097964-00098153 location of the consolidated Glasgow
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00438-00098154-00098396 hospital campus was access to it and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00439-00098397-00098573 that many a nice trem for sure and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00440-00098574-00098750 despite all the years of talking about
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00441-00098751-00098966 an integrated transport pathway feel
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00442-00098967-00099151 utterly overlooked what more can he
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00443-00099152-00099353 insists be done to offer practical
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00444-00099354-00099547 access for patients and visitors alike
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00445-00099548-00099824 Minister well mr. Carla will be aware
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00446-00099825-00100010 that there are a range of options and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00447-00100011-00100142 routes that's right see there's no
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00448-00100143-00100355 direct route but between some bus change
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00449-00100356-00100532 in other interchanges that is possible
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00450-00100533-00100681 to get there with times ranging between
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00451-00100682-00101117 40 minutes and I respect over anoa but
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00452-00101118-00101294 that is that personalized service layer
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00453-00101295-00101537 to support individual passengers as well
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00454-00101538-00101762 as the patient a transport service as
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00455-00101763-00102005 well for patients and a range of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00456-00102006-00102181 information to support people to make
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00457-00102182-00102393 the right public transport connections
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00458-00102394-00102722 question number 8 James Kelly to our
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00459-00102723-00102899 Scottish government for action has been
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00460-00102900-00103115 taken to tackle the shortage in a number
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00461-00103116-00103439 of GPS cabinet secretary / son Dennis
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00462-00103440-00103616 government the number of GPS employed in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00463-00103617-00103804 Scotland has risen by seven percent to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00464-00103805-00104024 nearly 5,000 the highest ever on record
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00465-00104025-00104194 we've also increased investment in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00466-00104195-00104482 primary medical services by over 88
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00467-00104483-00104680 million pounds and there are more GPS
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00468-00104681-00104939 per head of population in Scotland than
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00469-00104940-00105160 in England however I recognize that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00470-00105161-00105361 demand is also increasing that's why
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00471-00105363-00105503 I've recently announced that over the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00472-00105504-00105685 next three years and additional 50
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00473-00105686-00105886 million pounds will be invested to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00474-00105888-00106091 address immediate workload and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00475-00106092-00106316 recruitment issues including putting in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00476-00106317-00106504 place long-term sustainable change
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00477-00106505-00106919 within primary care into Kelly I thank
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00478-00106920-00107078 the cabinet's thank you for that answer
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00479-00107079-00107327 I just hope that the cabinet circuit is
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00480-00107328-00107422 aware of some
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00481-00107423-00107701 freshers at local GPs are what can under
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00482-00107702-00108121 last week one local GP and rather Gwen
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00483-00108122-00108439 told me that local GPs were under so
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00484-00108440-00108633 much pressure that his colleagues were
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00485-00108634-00108913 really no and walking on the over
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00486-00108914-00109165 service with them working under so much
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00487-00109166-00109546 pressure and strain tightly enrolling on
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00488-00109547-00109768 canvas lying in blantyre can ask the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00489-00109769-00109981 cabinet secretary what practical
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00490-00109982-00110194 measures the government are taken to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00491-00110195-00110650 support local GPs cabinet sector well as
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00492-00110651-00111019 I say to James Kelly and my initial
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00493-00111020-00111279 answer that the practical measure we are
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00494-00111280-00111457 taking as our 50 million pound
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00495-00111458-00111684 investment over the next three years and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00496-00111685-00111852 that will do a number of things
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00497-00111853-00112033 addressing immediate work routine
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00498-00112033-00112329 recruitment issues specifically the fund
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00499-00112330-00112501 will increase the number of medical
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00500-00112502-00112791 students choosing to train as GPS it
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00501-00112792-00113028 will encourage those wanting to work in
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00502-00113029-00113340 specifically in deprived areas and of
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00503-00113341-00113484 course we're going to continue with the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00504-00113485-00113685 enhanced returners program supporting
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00505-00113686-00113899 GPS who wish to return to the profession
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00506-00113900-00114133 and develop a program for local GP
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00507-00114133-00114349 leadership and networking so James Kelly
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00508-00114350-00114585 can be assured that we are taking all
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00509-00114586-00114823 the action we can in order to address
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00510-00114824-00114970 some of the issues that he highlighted
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00511-00114971-00115201 Travis Scott the cabinet's actually
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00512-00115202-00115408 mentioned medical students who trained
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00513-00115408-00115597 in Scotland does she is she aware that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00514-00115598-00115774 thirty percent of these students
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00515-00115775-00115921 currently leave Scotland once they
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00516-00115922-00116079 finished the professional training and
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00517-00116080-00116194 would she look at a requirement that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00518-00116195-00116334 they might stay in Scotland once that
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00519-00116335-00116535 training has concluded cabinet secretary
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00520-00116536-00116778 yes we are looking all of those matters
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00521-00116779-00117033 thank you that ends general questions
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00522-00117034-00117210 before we move to first minister's
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00523-00117211-00117427 questions I'm sure members will wish to
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00524-00117428-00117658 join me and welcome to the gallery His
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00525-00117658-00117984 Excellency mr. Patrick Engelberg the
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00526-00117985-00118198 ambassador of Luxembourg to the United
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00527-00118199-00118863 Kingdom
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00528-00118864-00119071 we now move to First Minister's
+lFNwnBE02Zy-00529-00119072-00119364 Questions question 1
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00000-00000200-00000438 hey everybody so there's um sometimes
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00001-00000440-00000647 questions in alex about
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00002-00000648-00000862 the topic that we call
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00003-00000863-00001278 um setting up a one step unit conversion
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00004-00001279-00001495 so these problems can be entered in a
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00005-00001496-00001759 variety of ways and still be correct
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00006-00001760-00001918 and i just want to go over some of the
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00007-00001919-00002167 options with you
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00008-00002168-00002415 so i have some sample problems
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00009-00002416-00002542 and
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00010-00002543-00002718 as with everything in alex they start
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00011-00002719-00002934 out on the easy sort of
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00012-00002935-00003110 easier side of things the next one's a
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00013-00003111-00003254 little more challenging and then the
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00014-00003255-00003686 final one is always the most difficult
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00015-00003688-00003927 so i'm going to start out the same way
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00016-00003928-00004135 and
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00017-00004136-00004415 really we don't have to understand what
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00018-00004416-00004686 the unit is about yet we just need to be
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00019-00004687-00004927 able to use the metric prefixes
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00020-00004928-00005231 and dimensional analysis okay so for
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00021-00005232-00005375 example
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00022-00005376-00005615 here we have this problem where i notice
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00023-00005616-00005838 that the unit that's changing is from
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00024-00005839-00006079 joules to kilojoules
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00025-00006080-00006311 alex teaches this um
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00026-00006312-00006422 using
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00027-00006423-00006687 scientific notation which i think is
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00028-00006688-00006910 kind of confusing for people well
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00029-00006911-00007087 technically it's exponential notation
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00030-00007088-00007351 but anyway i think that format is
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00031-00007352-00007567 confusing to people so
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00032-00007568-00007870 the way that i teach it is to establish
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00033-00007872-00008014 some basic
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00034-00008015-00008455 definitions that don't rely on using
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00035-00008456-00008695 exponential notation
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00036-00008696-00008895 so for the metric system
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00037-00008896-00009135 relationship between the word kilo
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00038-00009136-00009303 and the base unit
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00039-00009304-00009519 um one kilo
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00040-00009520-00009823 of whatever type of unit is always equal
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00041-00009824-00010110 to a thousand of the base
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00042-00010111-00010342 so like for example if
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00043-00010343-00010485 we were doing
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00044-00010486-00010671 [Music]
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00045-00010672-00011095 um a distance as the base i could write
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00046-00011096-00011271 one kilometer
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00047-00011272-00011663 is the same thing as a thousand meters
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00048-00011664-00011903 in alex they'll do it like this they'll
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00049-00011904-00012078 do 10 to the
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00050-00012079-00012510 three meters equals one kilometer
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00051-00012511-00012751 that's exponential notation i think
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00052-00012752-00012958 that's confusing to people so i teach it
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00053-00012959-00013222 this way and as it turns out alex will
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00054-00013223-00013455 accept your answers if you use this
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00055-00013456-00013735 conversion factor
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00056-00013736-00013975 um other definitions for the metric
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00057-00013976-00014311 system that might come up at this point
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00058-00014312-00014566 would be something like um
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00059-00014568-00014766 centimeters you can define that as a
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00060-00014768-00015055 hundred centimeters equals one
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00061-00015056-00015350 meter oh i forgot about
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00062-00015351-00015622 decimeters right and again the base can
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00063-00015623-00015863 change i'm only using meters as an
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00064-00015863-00016063 example but any
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00065-00016063-00016230 any unit can go there
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00066-00016231-00016591 so deci means 10 of them for every one
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00067-00016592-00016799 of the base
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00068-00016800-00016903 um
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00069-00016904-00016999 millie
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00070-00017000-00017167 is a thousand
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00071-00017168-00017375 for one of the base
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00072-00017376-00018479 let's see
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00073-00018480-00018694 um a million
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00074-00018695-00019039 is micro which we use a mu symbol for so
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00075-00019040-00019247 like a million micrometers is the same
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00076-00019248-00019422 as one meter
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00077-00019423-00019743 and a billion
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00078-00019744-00020063 that's nine zeros
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00079-00020064-00020199 um
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00080-00020200-00020471 as nanometers
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00081-00020472-00020663 right so these are the basic metric
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00082-00020664-00020911 prefixes that i think you should know
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00083-00020912-00021167 um it's worth making flash cards and
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00084-00021168-00021375 getting used to them
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00085-00021376-00021543 and so
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00086-00021544-00021694 certainly there are others but these are
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00087-00021695-00021975 the main the most important ones
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00088-00021976-00022214 as it turns out in alex even though the
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00089-00022215-00022527 explanation will give you that funny
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00090-00022528-00022871 um exponential notation and for
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00091-00022872-00023039 you know like for these ones they're all
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00092-00023040-00023327 smaller than the base unit so for those
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00093-00023328-00023503 ones it would tell you to do something
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00094-00023504-00023671 like 10
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00095-00023672-00023855 to the negative one
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00096-00023856-00024222 meters is equivalent to one decimeter
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00097-00024223-00024471 like numerically
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00098-00024472-00024678 these are the same thing we can even say
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00099-00024679-00024839 they're equal right
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00100-00024840-00025094 it's just a matter of whether you are
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00101-00025095-00025407 thinking of this in terms of meter being
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00102-00025408-00025734 1 or in terms of the decimeter being 1.
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00103-00025735-00025999 so 10 to the negative 1
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00104-00026000-00026295 is the same thing as 0.1
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00105-00026295-00026470 and so if we have 10 to the negative 1
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00106-00026472-00026831 meters we have 0.1 meters that's also
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00107-00026832-00027070 the same thing as one tenth
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00108-00027072-00027239 of a meter
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00109-00027239-00027567 well one tenth of a meter is a decimeter
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00110-00027568-00027727 so that's the logic that they're
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00111-00027727-00027927 applying here okay
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00112-00027927-00028055 so there's a lot of ways to think of
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00113-00028056-00028255 this in my experience
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00114-00028256-00028535 students do the best when they remember
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00115-00028536-00028783 the definitions that i give
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00116-00028783-00029095 in terms of
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00117-00029095-00029470 in terms of the base unit like this
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00118-00029472-00029679 sometimes people can be fairly
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00119-00029680-00029839 comfortable
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00120-00029839-00030207 converting this these big numbers into
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00121-00030208-00030399 exponential notation so that would be 10
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00122-00030400-00030774 to the 6 micrometers and 10 to the 9
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00123-00030775-00030911 nanometers
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00124-00030912-00031102 but i just remember that there's lots of
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00125-00031103-00031358 the small unit in the larger
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00126-00031360-00031631 unit and everything except kilometers is
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00127-00031632-00031823 smaller than the base
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00128-00031824-00032062 okay so to get this answer right
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00129-00032063-00032423 what you have to plug in is some factor
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00130-00032424-00032567 conversion factor
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00131-00032568-00032767 that will change joules
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00132-00032768-00032943 into kilojoules so
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00133-00032944-00033151 what i do is i always write what i'm
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00134-00033152-00033407 trying to get rid of on the bottom
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00135-00033408-00033583 and i write what i'm trying to get to on
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00136-00033584-00033702 the top
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00137-00033703-00033862 then i ask myself okay what's the
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00138-00033863-00034127 relationship between these two units
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00139-00034128-00034359 the answer there is just like one
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00140-00034360-00034639 kilometer is equal to a thousand
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00141-00034640-00034951 uh meters we can say one
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00142-00034952-00035118 kilo
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00143-00035119-00035343 j these are joules but we'll learn that
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00144-00035344-00035543 in chapter five but kilojoules
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00145-00035544-00035679 one kilojoule
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00146-00035680-00035990 is equal to a thousand
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00147-00035991-00036118 joules
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00148-00036119-00036311 you could also
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00149-00036312-00036615 you could also if you wanted to write 1
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00150-00036616-00036999 kilojoule is 10 to the 3 joules those
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00151-00037000-00037118 are equivalent
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00152-00037119-00037455 you could also
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00153-00037456-00037783 do what alex does
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00154-00037784-00037999 and write it as 10 to the negative 3
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00155-00038000-00038190 kilojoules per 1 joule that's the same
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00156-00038191-00038390 thing numerically you have 10 to the 3
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00157-00038391-00038615 in the denominator so if i wanted that
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00158-00038616-00038807 to be in the numerator i just
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00159-00038808-00039111 make it 10 to the negative 3. okay these
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00160-00039112-00039495 are exponent exponent rules essentially
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00161-00039496-00039711 all three of these options when typed
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00162-00039712-00039895 into aleks will give you the credit for
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00163-00039896-00040135 the question so you get to pick
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00164-00040136-00040215 okay
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00165-00040216-00040383 so now going on to the next kind of
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00166-00040384-00040487 question
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00167-00040488-00040599 um
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00168-00040600-00040807 they'll put the unit you're trying to
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00169-00040808-00041015 change into the denominator
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00170-00041016-00041311 so in that situation uh we're going from
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00171-00041312-00041767 grams per milliliters into
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00172-00041768-00042030 times something into grams per liter so
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00173-00042031-00042246 i noticed that milliliters and liters
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00174-00042247-00042543 are the conversion we're using here
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00175-00042544-00042774 so dimensional analysis still works but
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00176-00042775-00043046 instead of putting the
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00177-00043047-00043199 the unit i'm trying to get rid of on the
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00178-00043200-00043311 bottom
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00179-00043312-00043462 because it won't cancel they have to be
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00180-00043463-00043646 across from each other to cancel
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00181-00043647-00043799 i'm going to put it on the top so i'm
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00182-00043800-00043983 going to put milliliters on the top i'm
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00183-00043984-00044087 going to put the thing i'm trying to get
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00184-00044088-00044246 to on the bottom because that's where it
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00185-00044247-00044430 is in the answer
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00186-00044431-00044662 and so the relationship milli
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00187-00044663-00045071 is one of the base to a thousand
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00188-00045072-00045318 milliliters in this case okay
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00189-00045319-00045446 so that's what i could put into there
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00190-00045447-00045679 but again alex will accept other answers
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00191-00045680-00045815 you could put in 10 to the three
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00192-00045816-00046055 milliliters per liter
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00193-00046056-00046262 you could also put in i i don't think
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00194-00046263-00046415 anybody would do this maybe but you
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00195-00046416-00046535 could
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00196-00046536-00046799 uh maybe you would do it i don't know
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00197-00046800-00047015 um you could put it in that way all
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00198-00047016-00047190 right i think the easiest thing to
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00199-00047191-00047367 remember are the whole numbers so a
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00200-00047368-00047590 thousand mils for one liter
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00201-00047591-00047686 okay
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00202-00047687-00047879 now on to the third type of question you
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00203-00047880-00048023 get
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00204-00048024-00048223 this one is
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00205-00048224-00048462 sometimes squared sometimes cubed but
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00206-00048463-00048623 it's always um
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00207-00048624-00048823 we have to use the
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00208-00048824-00049167 the rules for exponents all right and so
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00209-00049168-00049390 i notice we're going from centimeters
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00210-00049391-00049646 cubed to meters cubed
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00211-00049647-00050023 so the mistake people often make is to
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00212-00050024-00050199 just put in
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00213-00050200-00050295 um
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00214-00050296-00050535 centimeters on the bottom and meters on
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00215-00050536-00050735 the top and they would go like this and
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00216-00050736-00050879 they would think they're done
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00217-00050880-00051071 you're not because a centimeter and a
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00218-00051072-00051407 centimeter cubed are not the same thing
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00219-00051408-00051726 so in order to convert
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00220-00051727-00051990 what you need to do is cube the entire
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00221-00051991-00052175 relationship so this
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00222-00052176-00052366 hundred centimeters for a meter is
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00223-00052367-00052511 always a truth
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00224-00052512-00052719 and and all i have to do to make it into
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00225-00052720-00053054 a volume unit is cube the whole thing
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00226-00053055-00053142 okay
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00227-00053144-00053454 so one cubed is just one
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00228-00053455-00053742 my unit gets cubed two so now that's a
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00229-00053744-00053959 meter cubed
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00230-00053960-00054335 um a hundred cubed is not just a hundred
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00231-00054336-00054526 right a hundred cube is a a hundred
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00232-00054527-00054742 times a hundred times a hundred
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00233-00054744-00054847 and so
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00234-00054848-00055047 that's going to give us
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00235-00055048-00055407 a million i think
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00236-00055408-00055535 yep
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00237-00055536-00055654 so
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00238-00055655-00055807 you could write it out if you want to
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00239-00055808-00055975 like this or you could use
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00240-00055976-00056207 scientific notation but now that's
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00241-00056208-00056391 centimeters cubed
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00242-00056391-00056607 all right so now it's a volume
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00243-00056608-00056742 conversion
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00244-00056744-00056830 um
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00245-00056832-00057015 so i could use it this way i could also
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00246-00057016-00057207 write 1 meter cubed
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00247-00057208-00057559 per 10 to the 6 centimeters
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00248-00057560-00057638 cubed
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00249-00057639-00057879 or i could flip it and write 10 to the
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00250-00057879-00058054 negative 6 meters
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00251-00058055-00058335 cubed per 1 centimeter cubed they are
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00252-00058336-00058438 all
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00253-00058439-00058638 correct all of the ones on the bottom
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00254-00058639-00058799 are going to give you the right answer
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00255-00058800-00059135 you can't um well i shouldn't say that i
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00256-00059136-00059342 guess i'm gonna circle in pink the ones
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00257-00059344-00059759 that well
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00258-00059760-00059919 these ones will give you
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00259-00059920-00060111 the credit for the question this one
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00260-00060112-00060342 does not because you have to distribute
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00261-00060344-00060559 the the cube in order to get the factor
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00262-00060560-00060887 correct okay so alex wouldn't accept it
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00263-00060888-00060982 um
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00264-00060983-00061103 if
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00265-00061104-00061247 you don't
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00266-00061248-00061471 cube everything inside the parentheses
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00267-00061472-00061654 the units and the numbers and so that's
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00268-00061655-00061894 the mistake a lot of people are making
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00269-00061895-00062199 so if you're stuck on that topic
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00270-00062200-00062479 hopefully this video helped you
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00271-00062479-00062647 but if not you can always come to office
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00272-00062648-00062750 hours and we can work through it
+lGaYJq6RRHc-00273-00062751-00063051 together
+lHtF841Re5o-00000-00001130-00003134 the other issues regarding the
+lHtF841Re5o-00001-00003135-00003309 self-directed learning project so i
+lHtF841Re5o-00002-00003310-00003744 posted a memo and just a little bit
+lHtF841Re5o-00003-00003745-00004040 about the stl project then it's been
+lHtF841Re5o-00004-00004042-00004179 coming up over and over in the class
+lHtF841Re5o-00005-00004180-00005061 verbally so what's in the boat the name
+lHtF841Re5o-00006-00005062-00005340 name of the name of a to point out the
+lHtF841Re5o-00007-00005341-00005531 fact that the scale project is a to
+lHtF841Re5o-00008-00005532-00005818 deliverable civility project and a
+lHtF841Re5o-00009-00005819-00006272 presentation that you makes the class
+lHtF841Re5o-00010-00006273-00006606 those presentation materials they have
+lHtF841Re5o-00011-00006606-00006803 available to the cost and will be part
+lHtF841Re5o-00012-00006804-00007117 of the final exam for everyone the other
+lHtF841Re5o-00013-00007118-00007445 is mine upgraded components in the stl
+lHtF841Re5o-00014-00007447-00007608 and athletes who have the best it's a
+lHtF841Re5o-00015-00007609-00007926 very quiet amount of radiation project
+lHtF841Re5o-00016-00007927-00008223 and rigid enforcement orientation but
+lHtF841Re5o-00017-00008224-00008617 the details which are the next week are
+lHtF841Re5o-00018-00008618-00008970 very minor stoked for the meeting please
+lHtF841Re5o-00019-00008971-00009183 make sure that your project area of
+lHtF841Re5o-00020-00009184-00009488 coverage is sufficient for this topic
+lHtF841Re5o-00021-00009489-00009806 each other and to discuss what you plan
+lHtF841Re5o-00022-00009807-00009952 to look at in your
+lHtF841Re5o-00023-00009953-00010274 it's recording of the conversation so
+lHtF841Re5o-00024-00010275-00010471 there's full major areas in these courts
+lHtF841Re5o-00025-00010472-00010766 where's the economics and safety is
+lHtF841Re5o-00026-00010767-00011110 operability and his troubleshooting so
+lHtF841Re5o-00027-00011111-00011371 know your area that you should be saving
+lHtF841Re5o-00028-00011372-00011594 on the wastewater or a petroleum
+lHtF841Re5o-00029-00011595-00011924 subsection petroleum refinery may be
+lHtF841Re5o-00030-00011925-00012107 able to focus more heavily on one of
+lHtF841Re5o-00031-00012108-00012317 those sections than the other you chose
+lHtF841Re5o-00032-00012318-00012460 the nuclear reactor we're done for the
+lHtF841Re5o-00033-00012461-00012634 safety section of the quite irrelevant
+lHtF841Re5o-00034-00012635-00012905 and in economics less so because the
+lHtF841Re5o-00035-00012906-00013055 crusted nuclear reactor there's no
+lHtF841Re5o-00036-00013056-00013288 reliable guide information so i wouldn't
+lHtF841Re5o-00037-00013290-00013478 expect you to focus on the denominator
+lHtF841Re5o-00038-00013479-00013688 so the meeting is a purely an
+lHtF841Re5o-00039-00013688-00013975 opportunity for myself or ETA in which
+lHtF841Re5o-00040-00013976-00014261 to just make sure that the balance that
+lHtF841Re5o-00041-00014262-00014630 you're striking a reported okay so i got
+lHtF841Re5o-00042-00014631-00014843 some negative comment saying that the
+lHtF841Re5o-00043-00014844-00015005 feedback was received two lanterns
+lHtF841Re5o-00044-00015006-00015371 useless etc okay yes it was a little
+lHtF841Re5o-00045-00015372-00015566 late but it's not paralyzing the
+lHtF841Re5o-00046-00015566-00015728 meetings were scheduled for next week
+lHtF841Re5o-00047-00015729-00015932 there's no more that you could have done
+lHtF841Re5o-00048-00015933-00016127 that in preparation for the meeting
+lHtF841Re5o-00049-00016128-00016294 whether you include me back yesterday
+lHtF841Re5o-00050-00016295-00016684 way to prior because the music scope and
+lHtF841Re5o-00051-00016685-00016928 the same purity to identify what your
+lHtF841Re5o-00052-00016929-00017111 focus areas are troubleshooting
+lHtF841Re5o-00053-00017112-00017471 cumulative economics safety or two or
+lHtF841Re5o-00054-00017472-00017666 three of those combinations and for me
+lHtF841Re5o-00055-00017667-00017933 to see that you've allocated the work a
+lHtF841Re5o-00056-00017934-00018178 bunch of group members equitable so it's
+lHtF841Re5o-00057-00018179-00018350 not fair to you how it is the small
+lHtF841Re5o-00058-00018351-00018596 piece of works one person said economics
+lHtF841Re5o-00059-00018597-00018905 but then other people get to do this so
+lHtF841Re5o-00060-00018906-00019117 that sort of stuff is not something
+lHtF841Re5o-00061-00019118-00019408 hey other than maybe having a minor but
+lHtF841Re5o-00062-00019409-00019633 repeating ahead of time and allocating
+lHtF841Re5o-00063-00019634-00019849 the word amongst two agreements and talk
+lHtF841Re5o-00064-00019850-00020161 about the scope of your project so how
+lHtF841Re5o-00065-00020162-00020394 to meeting with emotions of your other
+lHtF841Re5o-00066-00020395-00020628 plants that you put an area of your plan
+lHtF841Re5o-00067-00020629-00020911 you can identify with a good
+lHtF841Re5o-00068-00020912-00021097 understanding of the physical principles
+lHtF841Re5o-00069-00021098-00021297 and ethical sheets presumably that's why
+lHtF841Re5o-00070-00021298-00021553 you chose that topic is because your
+lHtF841Re5o-00071-00021554-00021730 group has been interested and has some
+lHtF841Re5o-00072-00021731-00021955 choir understand you know that of that
+lHtF841Re5o-00073-00021956-00022239 flow sheet and then it's a 45 minute
+lHtF841Re5o-00074-00022240-00022700 discussion with the vision myself to
+lHtF841Re5o-00075-00022701-00023109 terms of timing I'm available in the
+lHtF841Re5o-00076-00023110-00023317 afternoons all the way up to about 8
+lHtF841Re5o-00077-00023318-00023575 p.m. so i know that some groups are not
+lHtF841Re5o-00078-00023576-00023902 able to coordinate the times but that's
+lHtF841Re5o-00079-00023903-00024111 my time slots i'm going to need the
+lHtF841Re5o-00080-00024112-00024277 leash and find a pointer type type so
+lHtF841Re5o-00081-00024278-00024447 it's also groupies that are meeting with
+lHtF841Re5o-00082-00024448-00024619 me but you can share donating their time
+lHtF841Re5o-00083-00024620-00024928 in afternoon i'm too late as 8pm and
+lHtF841Re5o-00084-00024929-00025542 then we can propose it tuesday to friday
+lHtF841Re5o-00085-00025543-00026147 any questions or pepper
+lHtF841Re5o-00086-00026148-00026589 okay so let's just then resume where we
+lHtF841Re5o-00087-00026589-00026852 like to party stop speaking about
+lHtF841Re5o-00088-00026854-00027216 flaring octave relief material into
+lHtF841Re5o-00089-00027217-00027449 clearance and we had some interesting
+lHtF841Re5o-00090-00027450-00027672 discussion there on showing what nice
+lHtF841Re5o-00091-00027673-00027895 play games look like and how they wanted
+lHtF841Re5o-00092-00027897-00028332 this general conversation every 36 pages
+lHtF841Re5o-00093-00028333-00028698 is very readable is no technical back on
+lHtF841Re5o-00094-00028699-00028860 that you required understand and i
+lHtF841Re5o-00095-00028861-00029114 highly recommend you read more
+lHtF841Re5o-00096-00029116-00029325 understand for example why we actually
+lHtF841Re5o-00097-00029326-00029552 injects steam into a plank to encourage
+lHtF841Re5o-00098-00029554-00029838 that flame to burn cream its seams with
+lHtF841Re5o-00099-00029839-00030135 Caltrans user to use water injection and
+lHtF841Re5o-00100-00030136-00030468 then it actually does insist total
+lHtF841Re5o-00101-00030469-00030672 tingle on Rose nature are important to
+lHtF841Re5o-00102-00030673-00030954 understand let's finish off the relief
+lHtF841Re5o-00103-00030955-00031152 topic thing before we want to hazard
+lHtF841Re5o-00104-00031152-00031470 operability studies the main issues with
+lHtF841Re5o-00105-00031470-00031791 relief system is on the resizing it so
+lHtF841Re5o-00106-00031792-00031970 that it can handle the flow that's
+lHtF841Re5o-00107-00031972-00032157 required in the worst case conditions
+lHtF841Re5o-00108-00032158-00032483 that's the primary account I want one of
+lHtF841Re5o-00109-00032485-00032619 the primary requirements and then the
+lHtF841Re5o-00110-00032620-00032811 other primary requirement is that it
+lHtF841Re5o-00111-00032812-00033105 will relieve and needed or required
+lHtF841Re5o-00112-00033106-00033426 pressure so we will size that relief
+lHtF841Re5o-00113-00033427-00033675 valve to angle the maximum flow and
+lHtF841Re5o-00114-00033676-00033981 we'll set the relief valve to handle the
+lHtF841Re5o-00115-00033982-00034230 designer pressure suicide / archive and
+lHtF841Re5o-00116-00034231-00034397 butter smell to person
+lHtF841Re5o-00117-00034398-00034799 pressure or the safety relief valve will
+lHtF841Re5o-00118-00034800-00035003 set the tension in the string so that it
+lHtF841Re5o-00119-00035004-00035396 will open at the required pressure we
+lHtF841Re5o-00120-00035397-00035563 bottom islands covered a bunch
+lHtF841Re5o-00121-00035564-00035819 disadvantages of both and sometimes you
+lHtF841Re5o-00122-00035820-00036326 can series they should take a look at a
+lHtF841Re5o-00123-00036327-00036593 bit of the calculations required here my
+lHtF841Re5o-00124-00036594-00036815 depth findings that for some simple
+lHtF841Re5o-00125-00036816-00037132 cases the lead flow if we've got a
+lHtF841Re5o-00126-00037133-00037358 completely filled system over here
+lHtF841Re5o-00127-00037359-00037592 remember this is wider applying relief
+lHtF841Re5o-00128-00037593-00037910 is when we have a closed system and it
+lHtF841Re5o-00129-00037911-00038210 need to now relieved it this case it is
+lHtF841Re5o-00130-00038211-00038414 completely liquid or vapor the flow rate
+lHtF841Re5o-00131-00038415-00038723 outs they simply whatever is coming in
+lHtF841Re5o-00132-00038724-00038906 because it been consistent in tiny
+lHtF841Re5o-00133-00038907-00039254 clothes or systems that they happen to
+lHtF841Re5o-00134-00039255-00039551 me two phases so give the living and the
+lHtF841Re5o-00135-00039552-00039830 gas phase others and is heat input for
+lHtF841Re5o-00136-00039831-00040241 example on fire or from that surrounded
+lHtF841Re5o-00137-00040242-00040571 and we met cube that we didn't get to my
+lHtF841Re5o-00138-00040572-00040829 winter finally and what they expected
+lHtF841Re5o-00139-00040830-00041045 flow out is a function of the heat of
+lHtF841Re5o-00140-00041046-00041375 vaporization ology to be consumed by
+lHtF841Re5o-00141-00041376-00041795 boiling liquid to gas and then GG MPL
+lHtF841Re5o-00142-00041796-00042047 refer to the specific volume of the
+lHtF841Re5o-00143-00042048-00042109 liquid
+lHtF841Re5o-00144-00042110-00042392 so she just in verse on the density of
+lHtF841Re5o-00145-00042393-00043037 the to an accuser and then the final one
+lHtF841Re5o-00146-00043038-00043232 is about a liquid fuel system and
+lHtF841Re5o-00147-00043233-00043436 there's no phase change but you've got
+lHtF841Re5o-00148-00043437-00043658 external means provided there this
+lHtF841Re5o-00149-00043659-00043940 radiation you transfer convection be
+lHtF841Re5o-00150-00043941-00044198 transferred in New easily according to
+lHtF841Re5o-00151-00044199-00044573 them back for revenge
+lHtF841Re5o-00152-00044574-00044838 so the goat face changed you're going to
+lHtF841Re5o-00153-00044839-00045054 discover material and there's a phase
+lHtF841Re5o-00154-00045055-00045273 change occurring be whether there's no
+lHtF841Re5o-00155-00045274-00045423 phase change occurs it's only the
+lHtF841Re5o-00156-00045424-00045726 incapacity there is a base changing Tori
+lHtF841Re5o-00157-00045727-00045978 you're going to remove heat from that
+lHtF841Re5o-00158-00045979-00046176 systematically by boiling and so that's
+lHtF841Re5o-00159-00046177-00046821 the medicalization other key issues
+lHtF841Re5o-00160-00046822-00047151 regarding believe it yeah as we said mr.
+lHtF841Re5o-00161-00047152-00047439 taking the copper Maxine no I'm the
+lHtF841Re5o-00162-00047440-00047801 worst conditions so for example here
+lHtF841Re5o-00163-00047802-00048135 we're looking at anything at the top of
+lHtF841Re5o-00164-00048136-00048363 the column the worst case that could
+lHtF841Re5o-00165-00048364-00048744 occur is when you're sending only feed
+lHtF841Re5o-00166-00048745-00049065 to the column pens paper for a little
+lHtF841Re5o-00167-00049066-00049338 bit going plateau when you're maximizing
+lHtF841Re5o-00168-00049339-00049566 that reboiler duty we're basically
+lHtF841Re5o-00169-00049567-00049806 essential boiling all the liquid up and
+lHtF841Re5o-00170-00049807-00050043 you've lost complete condensation so
+lHtF841Re5o-00171-00050044-00050175 it's actually you're just putting an
+lHtF841Re5o-00172-00050176-00050451 entire Baker Street up into this column
+lHtF841Re5o-00173-00050452-00050910 from old all the inputs so pure vapor
+lHtF841Re5o-00174-00050911-00051144 here pure vapor get your paper coming in
+lHtF841Re5o-00175-00051145-00051371 but all of that pressure buildup in the
+lHtF841Re5o-00176-00051372-00051729 college your worst-case scenario and so
+lHtF841Re5o-00177-00051729-00051951 we sighs I really felt to handle that
+lHtF841Re5o-00178-00051952-00052602 situation on a heat exchanger there as
+lHtF841Re5o-00179-00052603-00052896 well you provide relief not Marlene and
+lHtF841Re5o-00180-00052897-00053223 spoke about that likewise so one of
+lHtF841Re5o-00181-00053224-00053301 those bells
+lHtF841Re5o-00182-00053302-00053642 close on a beach engine rebuilding the
+lHtF841Re5o-00183-00053644-00054102 pressure on the Shelf site i acquire on
+lHtF841Re5o-00184-00054103-00054357 the side outside shell and speaking up
+lHtF841Re5o-00185-00054358-00054554 that fluid there's no way for it to go
+lHtF841Re5o-00186-00054555-00054759 is when your self vaporize community to
+lHtF841Re5o-00187-00054760-00055101 to relieve it so if for example is quite
+lHtF841Re5o-00188-00055102-00055367 a very clear photo but is a multimeter
+lHtF841Re5o-00189-00055369-00055554 innovation the same idea to heat
+lHtF841Re5o-00190-00055554-00055764 exchanger we're providing natural gas
+lHtF841Re5o-00191-00055765-00055995 you see here at the bottom boiling up
+lHtF841Re5o-00192-00055996-00056337 liquid normally that is auto controlling
+lHtF841Re5o-00193-00056338-00056523 it and it's stable and works very well
+lHtF841Re5o-00194-00056524-00056841 but if it was a fire in my house this
+lHtF841Re5o-00195-00056841-00057072 system all the valves are closed so nice
+lHtF841Re5o-00196-00057073-00057438 and she had a close tank like this so
+lHtF841Re5o-00197-00057439-00057774 hit reply it like cute it's liquid and
+lHtF841Re5o-00198-00057775-00058239 gas that flow rate out of that tank
+lHtF841Re5o-00199-00058240-00058488 needs to be site so that it can handle
+lHtF841Re5o-00200-00058489-00058902 it together relief half inch diameter
+lHtF841Re5o-00201-00058903-00059199 and banks it down I'm going to
+lHtF841Re5o-00202-00059200-00059523 computations out of Kevin flooring Emma
+lHtF841Re5o-00203-00059524-00059745 if you had this some people do in the
+lHtF841Re5o-00204-00059746-00060075 roof and you want to step water to
+lHtF841Re5o-00205-00060076-00060387 appropriately taken care of if you have
+lHtF841Re5o-00206-00060388-00060729 a fire in your house also behind a
+lHtF841Re5o-00207-00060729-00060960 church like that but you want that pipe
+lHtF841Re5o-00208-00060961-00061332 to the sides this value property size so
+lHtF841Re5o-00209-00061333-00061557 this time doesn't just explode any comic
+lHtF841Re5o-00210-00061558-00061833 reject I'm and so you want that relief
+lHtF841Re5o-00211-00061834-00062303 valve to open wide enough to to get that
+lHtF841Re5o-00212-00062304-00062654 and stay open for its own
+lHtF841Re5o-00213-00062655-00062991 to relieve the pressure so same idea is
+lHtF841Re5o-00214-00062992-00063325 changing you want your shell side to be
+lHtF841Re5o-00215-00063326-00063582 able to relieved if you have fine
+lHtF841Re5o-00216-00063583-00063778 clothes by to your be exchanged which is
+lHtF841Re5o-00217-00063779-00064036 calling in petrochemical area we haven't
+lHtF841Re5o-00218-00064037-00064216 exchanges right there in between the
+lHtF841Re5o-00219-00064216-00064429 equipment so if we had to have a fire we
+lHtF841Re5o-00220-00064429-00064615 don't want that the exchange to become a
+lHtF841Re5o-00221-00064616-00065055 budget time okay so how do we sighs
+lHtF841Re5o-00222-00065057-00065212 those relief valves once we know the
+lHtF841Re5o-00223-00065213-00065586 flow we anticipate some accident globe
+lHtF841Re5o-00224-00065587-00065913 we use the Ascended equations for close
+lHtF841Re5o-00225-00065914-00066061 to an orifice that you will see a
+lHtF841Re5o-00226-00066062-00066381 beautiful course we just simply
+lHtF841Re5o-00227-00066382-00066565 rearrange it forward cross sectional
+lHtF841Re5o-00228-00066566-00066928 area there and make sure that Ryoga
+lHtF841Re5o-00229-00066929-00067119 sizes it so we have some correction
+lHtF841Re5o-00230-00067120-00067405 factors here in the denominator to make
+lHtF841Re5o-00231-00067406-00067666 sure that we get stretched and fell
+lHtF841Re5o-00232-00067667-00068056 problems on the side so the purpose of
+lHtF841Re5o-00233-00068057-00068250 this causes in for us to go through
+lHtF841Re5o-00234-00068251-00068410 these and apply these calculations but
+lHtF841Re5o-00235-00068411-00068659 it was to recognize that this is there
+lHtF841Re5o-00236-00068660-00068919 is a procedure to do it and the textbook
+lHtF841Re5o-00237-00068920-00069229 and autumn are recommended crawl and low
+lHtF841Re5o-00238-00069230-00069859 bar
+lHtF841Re5o-00239-00069860-00070062 they go through these equations will
+lHtF841Re5o-00240-00070063-00070311 give a number of case studies for
+lHtF841Re5o-00241-00070312-00070543 reusing them so this is something that
+lHtF841Re5o-00242-00070544-00070723 you will use an infusion finger
+lHtF841Re5o-00243-00070724-00070944 excellent reference to to go to its
+lHtF841Re5o-00244-00070945-00071512 mention dr. marks the other the other
+lHtF841Re5o-00245-00071513-00071974 issue here essentially we take an
+lHtF841Re5o-00246-00071975-00072322 occasional rearrangement area the but
+lHtF841Re5o-00247-00072323-00072493 the main issue that I want to talk about
+lHtF841Re5o-00248-00072494-00072898 here is and this one to stress too much
+lHtF841Re5o-00249-00072899-00073336 is that two phase flow almost look for
+lHtF841Re5o-00250-00073337-00073557 the wastage very often does exist in the
+lHtF841Re5o-00251-00073558-00073996 evening so you may reset your relief to
+lHtF841Re5o-00252-00073997-00074221 only the gas or community liquid phase
+lHtF841Re5o-00253-00074222-00074649 but in many cases we've seen that when
+lHtF841Re5o-00254-00074650-00074962 you may have a liquid that we that you
+lHtF841Re5o-00255-00074963-00075385 actually get liquid and gas and then
+lHtF841Re5o-00256-00075386-00075616 your area required for Lee is much
+lHtF841Re5o-00257-00075617-00075892 greater than incorrectly health and in
+lHtF841Re5o-00258-00075893-00076153 pursuing on single phase so there are
+lHtF841Re5o-00259-00076154-00076362 methods to handle and corporations
+lHtF841Re5o-00260-00076363-00076668 multi-phase flow and should always be
+lHtF841Re5o-00261-00076669-00076756 considered
+lHtF841Re5o-00262-00076757-00077317 as Jesus so you resize for the
+lHtF841Re5o-00263-00077318-00077656 excitation to take 12 and we essentially
+lHtF841Re5o-00264-00077657-00078532 oversized area and to acquire this
+lHtF841Re5o-00265-00078533-00078883 information on taking of vaporizations
+lHtF841Re5o-00266-00078884-00079159 that you need to size of LT that our
+lHtF841Re5o-00267-00079160-00079453 school LaMarcus on size experimental
+lHtF841Re5o-00268-00079454-00079720 equipment to do that so small a diabetic
+lHtF841Re5o-00269-00079721-00079939 reactors to simulate with runaway
+lHtF841Re5o-00270-00079940-00080188 reaction would look like how much he
+lHtF841Re5o-00271-00080189-00080425 could be released so if you can get the
+lHtF841Re5o-00272-00080426-00080641 necessary parameters to employ into
+lHtF841Re5o-00273-00080642-00080827 those operations so we do it on a
+lHtF841Re5o-00274-00080828-00080983 smaller scale with it's very little
+lHtF841Re5o-00275-00080984-00081553 hazard and so needless to say this is a
+lHtF841Re5o-00276-00081554-00081940 specialty topic that we wouldn't have a
+lHtF841Re5o-00277-00081941-00082150 person to myself I be totally
+lHtF841Re5o-00278-00082151-00082285 inexperienced that wouldn't consider
+lHtF841Re5o-00279-00082286-00082498 went from qualified to sighs nobody's
+lHtF841Re5o-00280-00082499-00082822 valves if I was in a company and looking
+lHtF841Re5o-00281-00082823-00083092 at this we certainly hire some outside
+lHtF841Re5o-00282-00083093-00084351 the very comfortable
+lHtF841Re5o-00283-00084352-00084590 dr. Molly mentioned that very first a
+lHtF841Re5o-00284-00084591-00084901 study where the company input for a game
+lHtF841Re5o-00285-00084902-00085262 the job to size the valve to to put a
+lHtF841Re5o-00286-00085263-00085514 pipe by posture on the reaction to this
+lHtF841Re5o-00287-00085515-00085781 is a serious and not qualified to do
+lHtF841Re5o-00288-00085782-00086026 that in the same way i wouldn't expect
+lHtF841Re5o-00289-00086027-00086489 new year myself to do this real always
+lHtF841Re5o-00290-00086490-00086645 hire outside people who are comfortable
+lHtF841Re5o-00291-00086646-00087206 exact sizes okay so flesh well that
+lHtF841Re5o-00292-00087207-00087682 reason why don't go engines and the tiny
+lHtF841Re5o-00293-00087683-00088325 nation through that without imagination
+lHtF841Re5o-00294-00088326-00088841 is important okay so look that's that
+lHtF841Re5o-00295-00088842-00089036 covers the coffee from pressure reviews
+lHtF841Re5o-00296-00089037-00089339 and obtained documents section as well
+lHtF841Re5o-00297-00089340-00089672 on the basic control hierarchy the base
+lHtF841Re5o-00298-00089673-00089932 control systems that alarms the safety
+lHtF841Re5o-00299-00089933-00090370 interlocks
+lHtF841Re5o-00300-00090371-00090753 [Applause]
+lHtF841Re5o-00301-00090754-00092369 next actually I do hesitant risks hasn't
+lHtF841Re5o-00302-00092370-00092590 when the slides will just continue
+lHtF841Re5o-00304-00095666-00096065 so hazard analysis and from hazard and
+lHtF841Re5o-00305-00096066-00096386 operability study is the critical part
+lHtF841Re5o-00306-00096387-00096716 of designing when you process or if
+lHtF841Re5o-00307-00096717-00097361 we're redesigning a modified when we
+lHtF841Re5o-00308-00097362-00097556 look alike firstly a checklist and
+lHtF841Re5o-00309-00097557-00097880 ranking usually helpful we working on a
+lHtF841Re5o-00310-00097881-00098135 new process and it hasn't not religious
+lHtF841Re5o-00311-00098136-00098594 studies we also have a real animal
+lHtF841Re5o-00312-00098595-00099200 testing so people are going to complain
+lHtF841Re5o-00313-00099201-00099398 that hazard and operability studies are
+lHtF841Re5o-00314-00099399-00099653 a waste of time I've heard people refer
+lHtF841Re5o-00315-00099654-00099902 to them in traffic in those terms as a
+lHtF841Re5o-00316-00099903-00100220 waste of time there are expensive that
+lHtF841Re5o-00317-00100221-00100508 is true they take a lot of time that was
+lHtF841Re5o-00318-00100509-00100754 too I wouldn't consider a waste of time
+lHtF841Re5o-00319-00100755-00101147 in fact dr. boxes even if you consider a
+lHtF841Re5o-00320-00101148-00101732 value of a new life in zero dollars if
+lHtF841Re5o-00321-00101733-00101897 you consider the value of a new life to
+lHtF841Re5o-00322-00101898-00102224 be zero dollars still the value of a
+lHtF841Re5o-00323-00102225-00102569 foot slaughter of an accident to your
+lHtF841Re5o-00324-00102570-00102952 client lost production and time delays
+lHtF841Re5o-00325-00102953-00103261 are high so the hazard and operability
+lHtF841Re5o-00326-00103263-00103585 study is got two pots to identify
+lHtF841Re5o-00327-00103586-00104039 hazards and to counteract them but then
+lHtF841Re5o-00328-00104040-00104240 there's also the operability side which
+lHtF841Re5o-00329-00104241-00104410 is we'll get to that part of the course
+lHtF841Re5o-00330-00104411-00104610 of next but the operability
+lHtF841Re5o-00331-00104611-00104933 identification or identifying sources
+lHtF841Re5o-00332-00104933-00105275 then will impede operability is also an
+lHtF841Re5o-00333-00105276-00105460 important part because this allows us to
+lHtF841Re5o-00334-00105461-00105743 operate on process in a more continual
+lHtF841Re5o-00335-00105744-00106046 manner with large shutdowns so keeping
+lHtF841Re5o-00336-00106047-00106252 our little on the half number of
+lHtF841Re5o-00337-00106253-00106498 figure out the operability side is part
+lHtF841Re5o-00338-00106499-00106789 of it hazard and operability study so
+lHtF841Re5o-00339-00106790-00107025 it's not purely just cleaning in the
+lHtF841Re5o-00340-00107026-00107305 catastrophic Iran kill people or injure
+lHtF841Re5o-00341-00107306-00107470 them but we're also looking at how to
+lHtF841Re5o-00342-00107471-00107740 maximize throughput through our process
+lHtF841Re5o-00343-00107741-00108127 so it hasn't engineering valued FML
+lHtF841Re5o-00344-00108128-00108619 safeassignment totally open the other
+lHtF841Re5o-00345-00108620-00108946 things remember is sure this looks a
+lHtF841Re5o-00346-00108947-00109231 little bit funny but if you are walking
+lHtF841Re5o-00347-00109232-00109474 around in any chemical plants that you
+lHtF841Re5o-00348-00109475-00109753 would not responsible for building or
+lHtF841Re5o-00349-00109754-00110095 designing which would be most times that
+lHtF841Re5o-00350-00110096-00110455 you walk around any chemical plant your
+lHtF841Re5o-00351-00110456-00110638 standing mixer distillation column will
+lHtF841Re5o-00352-00110639-00110905 say the reactor let me without the group
+lHtF841Re5o-00353-00110906-00111046 ever going to buy tech the other week
+lHtF841Re5o-00354-00111047-00111283 with me standing right next to reactors
+lHtF841Re5o-00355-00111283-00111585 as burning entertain in oxygen would you
+lHtF841Re5o-00356-00111586-00111856 want to assume that those engineers had
+lHtF841Re5o-00357-00111857-00111999 done that has been operability study
+lHtF841Re5o-00358-00112000-00112603 thoroughly you absolutely do so it's not
+lHtF841Re5o-00359-00112604-00112828 just for your own interests it's full
+lHtF841Re5o-00360-00112829-00113044 how people also that I'm going to need
+lHtF841Re5o-00361-00113045-00113160 in their environments and the
+lHtF841Re5o-00362-00113161-00113350 neighborhood around your plants that can
+lHtF841Re5o-00363-00113351-00113719 do this form so let's just take a look
+lHtF841Re5o-00364-00113720-00113899 at at this topic it is important for
+lHtF841Re5o-00365-00113900-00114183 that reason and this got a few terms
+lHtF841Re5o-00366-00114184-00114342 that you need to be very precise about
+lHtF841Re5o-00367-00114343-00114625 the first is the definition of a handle
+lHtF841Re5o-00368-00114626-00114901 so here the hazard is introducing the
+lHtF841Re5o-00369-00114902-00115094 potential for an unsafe
+lHtF841Re5o-00370-00115095-00115397 nation okay so this would be something
+lHtF841Re5o-00371-00115398-00115885 like the burner on your stove at home is
+lHtF841Re5o-00372-00115886-00116303 the murder whether it's gas or electric
+lHtF841Re5o-00373-00116304-00116917 is that it has it
+lHtF841Re5o-00374-00116918-00117247 Brenner I haven't yet does it have the
+lHtF841Re5o-00375-00117248-00117783 potential for unsafe condition so yeah I
+lHtF841Re5o-00376-00117784-00118042 would say the burner itself is 1 hazard
+lHtF841Re5o-00377-00118043-00118900 but if the learner is on it is a hasn't
+lHtF841Re5o-00378-00118901-00119215 introduced the potential so mean on is
+lHtF841Re5o-00379-00119216-00119467 introducing the potential for unsafe I
+lHtF841Re5o-00380-00119468-00119658 said before hands definition the burner
+lHtF841Re5o-00381-00119659-00119968 just being present is not accept it's a
+lHtF841Re5o-00382-00119969-00120214 bit of a triviality but it's important
+lHtF841Re5o-00383-00120215-00120415 when we come to hazard but we work with
+lHtF841Re5o-00384-00120416-00120622 these terms that they're very precise
+lHtF841Re5o-00385-00120623-00120909 meanings so he is shaped by itself
+lHtF841Re5o-00386-00120910-00121117 sitting there idle is not a hazard but
+lHtF841Re5o-00387-00121118-00121375 being on and having fluid flowing
+lHtF841Re5o-00388-00121376-00121570 through and high tension situation is
+lHtF841Re5o-00389-00121571-00121828 potentially hazardous a especially those
+lHtF841Re5o-00390-00121829-00121981 through inflows and temperatures are
+lHtF841Re5o-00391-00121982-00122314 higher than the normal design of the
+lHtF841Re5o-00392-00122315-00122668 unit the risk risk is a little bit of a
+lHtF841Re5o-00393-00122669-00122815 different term and I'll talk about that
+lHtF841Re5o-00394-00122816-00123013 for a minute it isn't too much on the
+lHtF841Re5o-00395-00123014-00123322 slides a lot of time it's an intuitive
+lHtF841Re5o-00396-00123323-00123625 concept that we have the risk is a
+lHtF841Re5o-00397-00123626-00123691 function
+lHtF841Re5o-00398-00123692-00124236 to thank bunnies probability of some
+lHtF841Re5o-00399-00124238-00125370 mandatory x the mag machine on
+lHtF841Re5o-00400-00125371-00125576 but what the risk of flying in an
+lHtF841Re5o-00401-00125577-00125994 aircraft is pretty minimal because the
+lHtF841Re5o-00402-00125995-00126266 probability of the catastrophic failure
+lHtF841Re5o-00403-00126267-00126549 is very very low but when an accident
+lHtF841Re5o-00404-00126550-00126732 does happen you tend to kill everyone in
+lHtF841Re5o-00405-00126733-00127016 the plane how did you find the
+lHtF841Re5o-00406-00127017-00127170 probability of an accident based on
+lHtF841Re5o-00407-00127171-00127553 history yes number of incidents for the
+lHtF841Re5o-00408-00127554-00127760 time for aircraft that would be
+lHtF841Re5o-00409-00127761-00128111 extremely would also something you
+lHtF841Re5o-00410-00128113-00128303 something you would be much harder to
+lHtF841Re5o-00411-00128304-00128523 quantify we'll talk about that so if you
+lHtF841Re5o-00412-00128524-00128733 paint those unknowns but then your
+lHtF841Re5o-00413-00128733-00128986 probabilities I know and you say well
+lHtF841Re5o-00414-00128988-00129297 consider high and super high risk but
+lHtF841Re5o-00415-00129298-00129524 I'm not cost so risky the intuitive
+lHtF841Re5o-00416-00129525-00129914 concept that we can be killed and one
+lHtF841Re5o-00417-00129915-00130115 way that we we tend to work with a given
+lHtF841Re5o-00418-00130116-00130383 load those two definitions of sort of
+lHtF841Re5o-00419-00130383-00130679 two terms in it probability magnitude
+lHtF841Re5o-00420-00130680-00130901 will tend to work with it as follows
+lHtF841Re5o-00421-00130902-00131498 we'll say if I plot for emergency here
+lHtF841Re5o-00422-00131499-00131844 and we'll just simply call it oh and
+lHtF841Re5o-00423-00131845-00132554 high over the ceiling is magnitude and
+lHtF841Re5o-00424-00132555-00132921 we will use also just low low severity
+lHtF841Re5o-00425-00132922-00133695 of magnitude of severity no bye we tend
+lHtF841Re5o-00426-00133696-00134843 to create these 99 grist for it
+lHtF841Re5o-00427-00134844-00135216 so an event here with high severity and
+lHtF841Re5o-00428-00135217-00135450 high probability of occurrence that's
+lHtF841Re5o-00429-00135451-00135858 got extremely high risk so the first
+lHtF841Re5o-00430-00135859-00136041 part of risk is those opposed to
+lHtF841Re5o-00431-00136042-00136473 identify I think it what is let's we can
+lHtF841Re5o-00432-00136474-00136710 easily do that by evaluating probability
+lHtF841Re5o-00433-00136711-00136929 of occurrence and the magnitude of what
+lHtF841Re5o-00434-00136930-00137202 severity of the effect so identifying
+lHtF841Re5o-00435-00137203-00137592 this is not hot we can do that but then
+lHtF841Re5o-00436-00137593-00137777 there's two ways you can deal with them
+lHtF841Re5o-00437-00137778-00138744 one is to eliminate one way is to
+lHtF841Re5o-00438-00138745-00139035 illuminate nervous so simply remove that
+lHtF841Re5o-00439-00139036-00139293 probability down to zero or that
+lHtF841Re5o-00440-00139294-00139635 severity not it's down to zero by
+lHtF841Re5o-00441-00139636-00139797 changing to a totally new design for
+lHtF841Re5o-00442-00139798-00140124 example or modifying the design one way
+lHtF841Re5o-00443-00140125-00140433 another way to control control for it so
+lHtF841Re5o-00444-00140434-00140757 good safety systems around it to prevent
+lHtF841Re5o-00445-00140758-00141009 us from reaching the point where that
+lHtF841Re5o-00446-00141010-00141345 that event occurs and the other way to
+lHtF841Re5o-00447-00141346-00141967 do it simply is to finance your risk
+lHtF841Re5o-00448-00141968-00142657 so you find sure or you sit on your side
+lHtF841Re5o-00449-00142658-00143027 hold that so they may be a risk of the
+lHtF841Re5o-00450-00143028-00143243 lawsuit in your company you need to buy
+lHtF841Re5o-00451-00143244-00143414 insurance for it when you said money
+lHtF841Re5o-00452-00143415-00143618 from her sales inside every year to
+lHtF841Re5o-00453-00143619-00144344 clients and more city in future sorry no
+lHtF841Re5o-00454-00144345-00144620 would you do it for your house right so
+lHtF841Re5o-00455-00144621-00145108 i buy insurance find rooms for the house
+lHtF841Re5o-00456-00145109-00145343 cause for a house it's a standard way of
+lHtF841Re5o-00457-00145344-00145697 dealing with risk is to find it so what
+lHtF841Re5o-00458-00145698-00145931 would you tend to find though is that
+lHtF841Re5o-00459-00145932-00146099 when you've got high risk and high
+lHtF841Re5o-00460-00146100-00146375 probability anyways live in this region
+lHtF841Re5o-00461-00146376-00146788 of the kia p will tend to to learn a cat
+lHtF841Re5o-00462-00146789-00147035 responsible so on this side of the line
+lHtF841Re5o-00463-00147036-00147503 attends eliminate really don't want
+lHtF841Re5o-00464-00147504-00147701 these high probability and high severity
+lHtF841Re5o-00465-00147702-00148253 events from curry in this little region
+lHtF841Re5o-00466-00148254-00148979 will tend to control the risk so i hope
+lHtF841Re5o-00467-00148980-00149270 in this case of very high probability of
+lHtF841Re5o-00468-00149271-00149633 occurrence but with low magnitude so
+lHtF841Re5o-00469-00149634-00149801 this would be for example a motor
+lHtF841Re5o-00470-00149802-00150047 coupling breaking up and shooting metal
+lHtF841Re5o-00471-00150048-00150341 fragments around it does occur quite
+lHtF841Re5o-00472-00150342-00150589 frequently as the severity of it can be
+lHtF841Re5o-00473-00150590-00151169 only fairly low so building a Halloween
+lHtF841Re5o-00474-00151170-00151256 around
+lHtF841Re5o-00475-00151257-00151593 [Music]
+lHtF841Re5o-00476-00151594-00151992 the low injured control it I just ain't
+lHtF841Re5o-00477-00151993-00152443 refinance to buy insurance for insurance
+lHtF841Re5o-00478-00152444-00152755 is appropriate when you've got high
+lHtF841Re5o-00479-00152756-00153043 severity my house running back down is
+lHtF841Re5o-00480-00153044-00153397 very high severity I lose all my money
+lHtF841Re5o-00481-00153398-00153742 that I put into it if I could have
+lHtF841Re5o-00482-00153743-00153922 insurance but the probability of that
+lHtF841Re5o-00483-00153923-00154309 occurring is pretty low my name is Mark
+lHtF841Re5o-00484-00154310-00154972 so in my ability to hide and then in the
+lHtF841Re5o-00485-00154973-00155790 slower area well we simply excited
+lHtF841Re5o-00486-00155791-00156030 this is us getting onto trains aeroplane
+lHtF841Re5o-00487-00156031-00156204 driving cars walking out into the
+lHtF841Re5o-00488-00156205-00156984 streets every day video so so those are
+lHtF841Re5o-00489-00156985-00157221 standard ways of viewing risk so it's
+lHtF841Re5o-00490-00157222-00157419 important to understand this because
+lHtF841Re5o-00491-00157420-00157542 when you get your hazard and operability
+lHtF841Re5o-00492-00157543-00157779 stones every time you identify a major
+lHtF841Re5o-00493-00157780-00158058 hazard we also look at the consequences
+lHtF841Re5o-00494-00158059-00158334 of it and then once you identify the
+lHtF841Re5o-00495-00158335-00158556 consequences we developed an action to
+lHtF841Re5o-00496-00158557-00158853 mitigate that consequence but that level
+lHtF841Re5o-00497-00158854-00159060 of action we take is going to be
+lHtF841Re5o-00498-00159061-00159252 directly proportional to the risk of
+lHtF841Re5o-00499-00159253-00159579 that hazard occurring so coming back to
+lHtF841Re5o-00500-00159580-00159992 leading inverter on in my house that
+lHtF841Re5o-00501-00159993-00160221 probability of me doing that is pretty
+lHtF841Re5o-00502-00160222-00160491 low and so I may not do anything special
+lHtF841Re5o-00503-00160492-00160764 about it but risk events that occur very
+lHtF841Re5o-00504-00160765-00161061 frequently I would certainly want to do
+lHtF841Re5o-00505-00161062-00161298 something about it so you'll see me I
+lHtF841Re5o-00506-00161299-00161490 want you to identify the heavy and its
+lHtF841Re5o-00507-00161491-00161814 catastrophic effect many other the
+lHtF841Re5o-00508-00161815-00162201 effect of that hazard we may take some
+lHtF841Re5o-00509-00162202-00162387 sort of action the way we'll take action
+lHtF841Re5o-00510-00162388-00162647 is depending where we all of the trip
+lHtF841Re5o-00511-00162648-00163023 the type of action or take whether it's
+lHtF841Re5o-00512-00163024-00163161 you to eliminate and
+lHtF841Re5o-00513-00163162-00163454 to control the handed buy insurance for
+lHtF841Re5o-00514-00163455-00163707 it will simply accept that hasn't we're
+lHtF841Re5o-00515-00163708-00164154 depending on the outcome of bed to let
+lHtF841Re5o-00516-00164155-00164406 at least and risks and incident is an
+lHtF841Re5o-00517-00164407-00164676 undesirable event that causes or
+lHtF841Re5o-00518-00164677-00164844 producers and potential for that
+lHtF841Re5o-00519-00164845-00165273 accident so the hazard is having the
+lHtF841Re5o-00520-00165274-00165516 burner on in my house the incident is
+lHtF841Re5o-00521-00165517-00165909 been putting napkins or drying cloth
+lHtF841Re5o-00522-00165910-00166221 near the burner or putting bacon on the
+lHtF841Re5o-00523-00166222-00166395 stove and walking away from it similar
+lHtF841Re5o-00524-00166396-00166749 in effect but that's the incident it may
+lHtF841Re5o-00525-00166750-00167034 not have led to house burning down which
+lHtF841Re5o-00526-00167035-00167163 is what happened to my aunts house
+lHtF841Re5o-00527-00167164-00167370 transportation dollars by cooking making
+lHtF841Re5o-00528-00167371-00167589 and walking away so she got in your
+lHtF841Re5o-00529-00167590-00167895 kitchen so Lucy the religion but that's
+lHtF841Re5o-00530-00167896-00168069 the incident that's the near miss is
+lHtF841Re5o-00531-00168070-00168465 that you're going to has it having a
+lHtF841Re5o-00532-00168466-00168783 burn on the incident is put in your hand
+lHtF841Re5o-00533-00168784-00169086 close to or putting pen pals with life
+lHtF841Re5o-00534-00169087-00169413 and that's why the accident is when that
+lHtF841Re5o-00535-00169414-00169860 near this escalates up something for the
+lHtF841Re5o-00536-00169861-00170123 family environment poverty kill people
+lHtF841Re5o-00537-00170124-00171298 neighbors
+lHtF841Re5o-00538-00171299-00171841 as possible
+lHtF841Re5o-00539-00171842-00172029 very
+lHtF841Re5o-00540-00172030-00172237 okay good question so whether we choose
+lHtF841Re5o-00541-00172238-00172507 model range of mid-range incidents will
+lHtF841Re5o-00542-00172508-00172708 see that in fact my maple bar has a
+lHtF841Re5o-00543-00172709-00172897 procedure we could be evaluated all of
+lHtF841Re5o-00544-00172898-00173131 them so all possibilities on long time
+lHtF841Re5o-00545-00173132-00173437 so we will consider too when the flow is
+lHtF841Re5o-00546-00173438-00173692 too long into our process or the flow is
+lHtF841Re5o-00547-00173693-00173926 too high and will list all the potential
+lHtF841Re5o-00548-00173927-00174127 consequences and forever consequence
+lHtF841Re5o-00549-00174128-00174469 we'll see what the potential what the
+lHtF841Re5o-00550-00174470-00174748 risk is so then the lowest one cremation
+lHtF841Re5o-00551-00174749-00174972 to just do nothing about but the highest
+lHtF841Re5o-00552-00174973-00175201 consequences that cause catastrophic
+lHtF841Re5o-00553-00175202-00175528 damage and and they maybe you can
+lHtF841Re5o-00554-00175529-00175711 probability of that occurring that they
+lHtF841Re5o-00555-00175712-00175996 definitely want to eliminate so that's
+lHtF841Re5o-00556-00175997-00176560 where we hate okay so one way to get
+lHtF841Re5o-00557-00176561-00176959 your list of hazards is to use experts
+lHtF841Re5o-00558-00176960-00177298 and these exercises file checklist which
+lHtF841Re5o-00559-00177299-00177517 are really available and some are not
+lHtF841Re5o-00560-00177518-00177787 filled with some are initiating and
+lHtF841Re5o-00561-00177788-00178012 other safety agency through they will
+lHtF841Re5o-00562-00178013-00178252 you can buy or take these lists of has
+lHtF841Re5o-00563-00178253-00178591 its previous studies but you would need
+lHtF841Re5o-00564-00178592-00178794 to tailor them to your situation
+lHtF841Re5o-00565-00178795-00179014 especially for something and clearly
+lHtF841Re5o-00566-00179015-00179314 nany this is a very good if you're just
+lHtF841Re5o-00567-00179315-00179644 starting off helps you cover all your
+lHtF841Re5o-00568-00179645-00179935 bases that you and especially areas that
+lHtF841Re5o-00569-00179936-00180067 we may not have thought of this being
+lHtF841Re5o-00570-00180068-00180332 received via has
+lHtF841Re5o-00571-00180333-00180630 but as I say it doesn't address a new
+lHtF841Re5o-00572-00180631-00180899 process or unfamiliar equipment and
+lHtF841Re5o-00573-00180900-00181137 often the biggest call back about these
+lHtF841Re5o-00574-00181138-00181299 checklists and during the biggest
+lHtF841Re5o-00575-00181300-00181821 drawback about some very infrequently
+lHtF841Re5o-00576-00181822-00182130 but my consequences they're not covered
+lHtF841Re5o-00577-00182131-00182420 in those chambers because their NHL
+lHtF841Re5o-00578-00182421-00182946 known and well publicized there's also
+lHtF841Re5o-00579-00182947-00183210 checklist that say what in so we can
+lHtF841Re5o-00580-00183211-00183456 purchase tickets online checkers the
+lHtF841Re5o-00581-00183457-00183648 same what if temperature was too high
+lHtF841Re5o-00582-00183649-00183861 water flow was too high go to be the
+lHtF841Re5o-00583-00183862-00184023 landing to the lodge offense these are
+lHtF841Re5o-00584-00184024-00184230 just sense it says your questions they
+lHtF841Re5o-00585-00184231-00184578 never figured you to ask identify the
+lHtF841Re5o-00586-00184579-00185139 resolution passes yours cover girl ok so
+lHtF841Re5o-00587-00185140-00185355 let the first step is to go through go
+lHtF841Re5o-00588-00185356-00185499 through checklists and these can be done
+lHtF841Re5o-00589-00185500-00185781 very early on before you even have a
+lHtF841Re5o-00590-00185782-00186201 design help any level of detail if you
+lHtF841Re5o-00591-00186202-00186360 go through these changes to make sure
+lHtF841Re5o-00592-00186361-00186696 that you're not unsafe design it still
+lHtF841Re5o-00593-00186697-00186969 gives you chance to fix up it picks up
+lHtF841Re5o-00594-00186970-00187167 to the design will choose an alternative
+lHtF841Re5o-00595-00187168-00187454 before restoration to the power and the
+lHtF841Re5o-00596-00187455-00187698 thinking is is quite simple as it
+lHtF841Re5o-00597-00187699-00187995 follows if we looking at
+lHtF841Re5o-00598-00187996-00188229 for all projects that happen in the
+lHtF841Re5o-00599-00188230-00188493 chemical industry or for most most
+lHtF841Re5o-00600-00188494-00189038 projects and all this connection with
+lHtF841Re5o-00601-00189039-00189949 all the states oh it's fine
+lHtF841Re5o-00602-00189950-00190827 what shape they have
+lHtF841Re5o-00603-00190828-00191343 [Music]
+lHtF841Re5o-00605-00194475-00196206 climate ok so the trajectories and the
+lHtF841Re5o-00606-00196207-00196545 curvature that is higher for example
+lHtF841Re5o-00607-00196546-00196857 money I didn't black so these chunk of
+lHtF841Re5o-00608-00196858-00197022 money was the equipment himself so when
+lHtF841Re5o-00609-00197023-00197592 we pay the vendor spent almost no money
+lHtF841Re5o-00610-00197593-00197814 at the beginning of flying to LA CA
+lHtF841Re5o-00611-00197815-00198141 prepend pebble hotel etc then we paid
+lHtF841Re5o-00612-00198142-00198324 you by name we have a few minor
+lHtF841Re5o-00613-00198325-00198666 installation but most projects got more
+lHtF841Re5o-00614-00198667-00198921 in shape and this is the period of time
+lHtF841Re5o-00615-00198922-00199206 you want to do that hazard study and you
+lHtF841Re5o-00616-00199207-00199392 want to go through your checklist there
+lHtF841Re5o-00617-00199393-00199617 because that's is any time gives you
+lHtF841Re5o-00618-00199618-00199845 chance to fix up any of the design
+lHtF841Re5o-00619-00199846-00200013 issues with far more expensive to
+lHtF841Re5o-00620-00200014-00200387 realize that at this point in find a
+lHtF841Re5o-00621-00200388-00200613 material construction that you've chosen
+lHtF841Re5o-00622-00200614-00200931 is going to be prone to corrosion and
+lHtF841Re5o-00623-00200932-00201123 lead to problems and the high
+lHtF841Re5o-00624-00201124-00201318 temperature conditions which you now
+lHtF841Re5o-00625-00201319-00201362 have
+lHtF841Re5o-00626-00201363-00201608 dissipate this at this time you really
+lHtF841Re5o-00627-00201609-00201860 order the equipment the vendors probably
+lHtF841Re5o-00628-00201861-00202028 already started fabricating it for you
+lHtF841Re5o-00629-00202029-00202211 you're going to pay big dollars in
+lHtF841Re5o-00630-00202212-00202448 penalties to change the material
+lHtF841Re5o-00631-00202449-00202691 construction or what's happened at some
+lHtF841Re5o-00632-00202692-00202871 companies they simply just they take
+lHtF841Re5o-00633-00202872-00203033 that equipment that the Navy order the
+lHtF841Re5o-00634-00203034-00203244 correct what happens this is something
+lHtF841Re5o-00635-00203245-00203591 I'm able to change so here you want to
+lHtF841Re5o-00636-00203592-00203966 do your analysis what happens and go to
+lHtF841Re5o-00637-00203967-00204310 these checkers early on you obviously
+lHtF841Re5o-00638-00204311-00204623 take this you don't want to do it near
+lHtF841Re5o-00639-00204624-00204971 the beginning of the project because I
+lHtF841Re5o-00640-00204973-00205127 this particular point in time you're
+lHtF841Re5o-00641-00205128-00205388 still choosing the alternative design
+lHtF841Re5o-00642-00205389-00205592 you haven't got a detailed floor she
+lHtF841Re5o-00643-00205594-00205835 gets American imagine energy balances
+lHtF841Re5o-00644-00205836-00206027 will see that you can't really do it
+lHtF841Re5o-00645-00206028-00206180 hazard and operability study without
+lHtF841Re5o-00646-00206181-00206435 that information so there is a little
+lHtF841Re5o-00647-00206436-00206642 ground strike it's not standing up the
+lHtF841Re5o-00648-00206644-00206930 first thing that you do you do need some
+lHtF841Re5o-00649-00206931-00207656 very detailed information to
+lHtF841Re5o-00650-00207657-00207933 but it's a relative ranking name is it
+lHtF841Re5o-00651-00207934-00208251 is one of these tools to use early on
+lHtF841Re5o-00652-00208252-00208635 I'm so early evaluation of convenient
+lHtF841Re5o-00653-00208636-00208794 project is also used by insurance
+lHtF841Re5o-00654-00208794-00209127 companies to judge what with what they
+lHtF841Re5o-00655-00209128-00209481 deem to be so it's a very well-defined
+lHtF841Re5o-00656-00209482-00209715 procedure and tables will actually go
+lHtF841Re5o-00657-00209716-00210146 through a 10 behavior that he is that
+lHtF841Re5o-00658-00210148-00210546 you use on your own so there has an
+lHtF841Re5o-00659-00210546-00210726 operability study will see later that's
+lHtF841Re5o-00660-00210727-00210900 a group of people and you must have a
+lHtF841Re5o-00661-00210901-00211073 team of people to do that effectively
+lHtF841Re5o-00662-00211073-00211367 this going to relative ranking and
+lHtF841Re5o-00663-00211369-00211605 through these checklists this is
+lHtF841Re5o-00664-00211606-00211791 something that whether I do it would you
+lHtF841Re5o-00665-00211792-00211956 do it or someone else in the class does
+lHtF841Re5o-00666-00211957-00212198 it we should all get turns up to the
+lHtF841Re5o-00667-00212200-00212555 same ranking independent of you judge it
+lHtF841Re5o-00668-00212556-00212763 where's have them operability study
+lHtF841Re5o-00669-00212764-00213006 there has us that I identify will be
+lHtF841Re5o-00670-00213007-00213231 very different to someone else depending
+lHtF841Re5o-00671-00213232-00213396 on their background in their experience
+lHtF841Re5o-00672-00213396-00213648 so it has ups will always be divergent
+lHtF841Re5o-00673-00213648-00213840 if they were done individually but
+lHtF841Re5o-00674-00213841-00214056 relative ranking is there's a safe
+lHtF841Re5o-00675-00214057-00214373 procedure there's a bit of judgments a
+lHtF841Re5o-00676-00214375-00214590 bit of leeway but you should generally
+lHtF841Re5o-00677-00214591-00215025 come up with the same ranking and what
+lHtF841Re5o-00678-00215026-00215298 it does with this this three in Exodus
+lHtF841Re5o-00679-00215298-00215591 14 the valve fire and explosion index
+lHtF841Re5o-00680-00215592-00216002 you can get us in X
+lHtF841Re5o-00681-00216003-00216378 reach and there's the simple ranking as
+lHtF841Re5o-00682-00216379-00216678 well if you're ranking for your area of
+lHtF841Re5o-00683-00216679-00216903 the floor she fidgets considering is
+lHtF841Re5o-00684-00216904-00217119 between 1 to 60 your hazard is
+lHtF841Re5o-00685-00217119-00217425 considered white and then there 661 to
+lHtF841Re5o-00686-00217426-00217842 96 97 to 127 intermediate and it's heavy
+lHtF841Re5o-00687-00217842-00218105 and Sylvia at the end back so what we'll
+lHtF841Re5o-00688-00218106-00218241 do is we'll take our flow sheet and
+lHtF841Re5o-00689-00218242-00218562 divided up into regions that coherent we
+lHtF841Re5o-00690-00218563-00218775 work together so I'll show you an
+lHtF841Re5o-00691-00218776-00219066 example a minute and they will hold a
+lHtF841Re5o-00692-00219067-00219213 ranking for that region of the flow
+lHtF841Re5o-00693-00219214-00219521 sheets and then I bet that gets us a
+lHtF841Re5o-00694-00219523-00219782 sense of what a little hazardous in that
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+lHtF841Re5o-00697-00220392-00220604 need to change the technology in that
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+lHtF841Re5o-00699-00220848-00221037 we don't have to redo the entire phone
+lHtF841Re5o-00700-00221038-00221442 just to reach an accident hi Adam so
+lHtF841Re5o-00701-00221442-00221579 that's one reason why we break up
+lHtF841Re5o-00702-00221580-00221732 approach you don't get the whole thing
+lHtF841Re5o-00703-00221733-00221942 together because unhelpful to say your
+lHtF841Re5o-00704-00221944-00222237 entire plan is hazardous follow health
+lHtF841Re5o-00705-00222238-00222441 essay will know the part where you're
+lHtF841Re5o-00706-00222442-00222717 burning a butane with air that's the
+lHtF841Re5o-00707-00222717-00222869 hazardous part but then once you've got
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+lHtF841Re5o-00709-00223035-00223148 you're dealing with the downstream
+lHtF841Re5o-00710-00223150-00223469 celebrations then at that part of the
+lHtF841Re5o-00711-00223471-00223661 console headings but if you may want to
+lHtF841Re5o-00712-00223662-00224392 look at changing out the positive once
+lHtF841Re5o-00713-00224394-00224675 you have that information and you can
+lHtF841Re5o-00714-00224676-00225161 also go ahead FNS to make well before it
+lHtF841Re5o-00715-00225162-00225365 heads disposes what is my anticipated
+lHtF841Re5o-00716-00225366-00226069 lost all of my business instruction
+lHtF841Re5o-00717-00226071-00226317 and then you can decide well should i
+lHtF841Re5o-00718-00226317-00226580 apply insurance for time college and I'm
+lHtF841Re5o-00719-00226581-00227015 change so let's take a look at our tech
+lHtF841Re5o-00720-00227016-00227306 company in stone creek and echo lake and
+lHtF841Re5o-00721-00227307-00227769 highlight and they take you take liquid
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+lHtF841Re5o-00723-00228309-00228629 going to the library using a trot and
+lHtF841Re5o-00724-00228630-00228798 welcome to look at various industry
+lHtF841Re5o-00725-00228798-00229079 actions and we're nothing we're going to
+lHtF841Re5o-00726-00229080-00229331 using storage in a source is sure that
+lHtF841Re5o-00727-00229332-00229569 yet we look at the flow sheet is liquid
+lHtF841Re5o-00728-00229569-00229894 pretext or in tanks so this is delivered
+lHtF841Re5o-00729-00229896-00230238 by every day it's called in liquid form
+lHtF841Re5o-00730-00230239-00230589 road what is considered I'm really good
+lHtF841Re5o-00731-00230590-00231044 at all the storage in edison close we
+lHtF841Re5o-00732-00231046-00231331 take it through it he's changing it up
+lHtF841Re5o-00733-00231332-00231777 the sea here's our scheme is it apart
+lHtF841Re5o-00734-00231778-00232191 from this monitor is that you take one
+lHtF841Re5o-00735-00232192-00232421 look at four and a divider motivate the
+lHtF841Re5o-00736-00232423-00232719 condensate like my dad this made the
+lHtF841Re5o-00737-00232719-00232917 stream of butane comes through it is
+lHtF841Re5o-00738-00232917-00233163 analyzing it to monitor the same station
+lHtF841Re5o-00739-00233164-00233487 few sample and what you're doing is with
+lHtF841Re5o-00740-00233488-00233766 my neighbor again so atmospheric air
+lHtF841Re5o-00741-00233767-00234119 taken in compressed at a certain
+lHtF841Re5o-00742-00234121-00234329 flooring and fallen for this bus
+lHtF841Re5o-00743-00234330-00234830 flooring and for f2 ganglion
+lHtF841Re5o-00744-00234831-00235116 so we're measuring here the percentage
+lHtF841Re5o-00745-00235117-00235476 you came in here don't want to see the
+lHtF841Re5o-00746-00235477-00235722 explosive limit there is a very is a
+lHtF841Re5o-00747-00235723-00236065 very tight papalote that you want to
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+lHtF841Re5o-00749-00236434-00236817 type of player so this is the regional
+lHtF841Re5o-00750-00236818-00236946 is launched if you're considering and
+lHtF841Re5o-00751-00236947-00237198 evaluating the hazards for if we find
+lHtF841Re5o-00752-00237199-00237412 this plot to be as it is we can look at
+lHtF841Re5o-00753-00237413-00237615 some alternatives to mitigate that
+lHtF841Re5o-00754-00237616-00237894 hasn't we're not considering the reactor
+lHtF841Re5o-00755-00237895-00238110 parts this planet move through a
+lHtF841Re5o-00756-00238111-00238323 separate analysis of this if you found
+lHtF841Re5o-00757-00238324-00238485 that he has a district look at
+lHtF841Re5o-00758-00238486-00238575 alternative
+lHtF841Re5o-00759-00238576-00238857 they're so the approach is very
+lHtF841Re5o-00760-00238858-00239171 straightforward we we use this value
+lHtF841Re5o-00761-00239173-00239498 next procedure and this is it also to
+lHtF841Re5o-00762-00239500-00239873 those are alot calcifies initiation fee
+lHtF841Re5o-00763-00239875-00240156 always start with a base back to 1.0 if
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+lHtF841Re5o-00765-00240369-00240791 degrees so in our case that is true
+lHtF841Re5o-00766-00240792-00241163 reaction put a 0 over they scored zero
+lHtF841Re5o-00767-00241164-00241335 remember we're not looking at the
+lHtF841Re5o-00768-00241336-00241553 reactor we're probably looking at
+lHtF841Re5o-00769-00241554-00241958 vaporizing liquid butane vapor and
+lHtF841Re5o-00770-00241959-00242259 binding on air with position the
+lHtF841Re5o-00771-00242260-00242562 reaction that no interaction takes next
+lHtF841Re5o-00772-00242563-00242703 year this is where you're burning
+lHtF841Re5o-00773-00242704-00243060 meeting absolutely that's going to be an
+lHtF841Re5o-00774-00243061-00243210 exothermic reaction that's not the
+lHtF841Re5o-00775-00243211-00243531 property so exothermic reaction zero
+lHtF841Re5o-00776-00243532-00243735 endothermic reaction you're not have any
+lHtF841Re5o-00777-00243736-00244158 Imperial low close two days and we
+lHtF841Re5o-00778-00244159-00244319 proceeded to go down through the list
+lHtF841Re5o-00779-00244321-00244854 and we get a score of f11 then we come
+lHtF841Re5o-00780-00244855-00245123 to toxic materials is no toxic materials
+lHtF841Re5o-00781-00245125-00245486 here so there that part is going before
+lHtF841Re5o-00782-00245487-00245796 we keep going this operation here of
+lHtF841Re5o-00783-00245796-00246146 them range tank farms upsets always in
+lHtF841Re5o-00784-00246148-00246429 the flammable range yes we are
+lHtF841Re5o-00785-00246430-00246692 level ranges are dust is pressure so
+lHtF841Re5o-00786-00246694-00246909 that pressure constantly becomes a
+lHtF841Re5o-00787-00246910-00247169 figure that's given in the dowel handle
+lHtF841Re5o-00788-00247171-00247428 so dr. Martin see a figure to page 22
+lHtF841Re5o-00789-00247429-00247752 and you score a value of pointing to
+lHtF841Re5o-00790-00247753-00248073 five this is why we say that and if any
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+lHtF841Re5o-00792-00248257-00248481 the same scoring it is a very
+lHtF841Re5o-00793-00248482-00248727 straightforward checkbox procedure that
+lHtF841Re5o-00794-00248728-00249141 you've broken up party of animal
+lHtF841Re5o-00795-00249142-00249506 material called 0.1 based on another
+lHtF841Re5o-00796-00249507-00250059 figure that's the other other non zeros
+lHtF841Re5o-00797-00250060-00250233 here are the kids day as a potential to
+lHtF841Re5o-00798-00250234-00250571 be capable up here in the pumps so when
+lHtF841Re5o-00799-00250573-00250866 you're pumping this liquid mutated this
+lHtF841Re5o-00800-00250867-00251044 potential
+lHtF841Re5o-00801-00251046-00251415 score a point one maybe two going and
+lHtF841Re5o-00802-00251416-00251688 add add up the numbers and then finally
+lHtF841Re5o-00803-00251689-00251925 leave his product of f 1 and 2 so we
+lHtF841Re5o-00804-00251926-00252162 hope that every from these factors down
+lHtF841Re5o-00805-00252163-00252606 over here let's go to 2.75 at one was
+lHtF841Re5o-00806-00252607-00252921 scored over there up here as one so that
+lHtF841Re5o-00807-00252921-00253112 the product of the two get is a score of
+lHtF841Re5o-00808-00253113-00253671 57.8 which really look back at the
+lHtF841Re5o-00809-00253671-00254046 valley next 37-page puts us into a white
+lHtF841Re5o-00810-00254046-00254529 heaven so this planet flow sheet is not
+lHtF841Re5o-00811-00254530-00254939 likely to form us too much trouble from
+lHtF841Re5o-00812-00254940-00255327 hazardous but it's a very crude index we
+lHtF841Re5o-00813-00255328-00255564 haven't put any of the details of what
+lHtF841Re5o-00814-00255565-00255807 we have here mutants glory goes to
+lHtF841Re5o-00815-00255808-00256034 increase and then you get into that
+lHtF841Re5o-00816-00256035-00256341 flammable region and what we will do we
+lHtF841Re5o-00817-00256342-00256469 haven't considered any of those
+lHtF841Re5o-00818-00256471-00256638 transient conditions we've already
+lHtF841Re5o-00819-00256639-00256917 considered the normal operating
+lHtF841Re5o-00820-00256917-00257871 conditions okay so
+lHtF841Re5o-00821-00257873-00258283 yes
+lHtF841Re5o-00822-00258284-00258691 what's an advisor and it is also it is
+lHtF841Re5o-00823-00258692-00259081 also applied of f3 with a material fact
+lHtF841Re5o-00824-00259082-00259402 so zero factor starting at your
+lHtF841Re5o-00825-00259403-00259714 attention to execute items 21 we look at
+lHtF841Re5o-00826-00259715-00259942 out on the table for the to constantly
+lHtF841Re5o-00827-00259942-00260464 history so actually that's interesting
+lHtF841Re5o-00828-00260465-00260656 if we would take the same process to the
+lHtF841Re5o-00829-00260657-00260836 post two different hydrocarbon and they
+lHtF841Re5o-00830-00260837-00261646 push us over so very repeatable and
+lHtF841Re5o-00831-00261646-00261907 consistent that any engineer could
+lHtF841Re5o-00832-00261908-00262336 reproduce so now it's a look at it has
+lHtF841Re5o-00833-00262337-00262726 it has all studies I'll talk about this
+lHtF841Re5o-00834-00262727-00262933 is a bit about this next part what I'd
+lHtF841Re5o-00835-00262934-00263128 like to just do is interview some of
+lHtF841Re5o-00836-00263129-00263595 this terminology and the thinking is
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+lHtF841Re5o-00838-00263897-00264139 node defining the note is a very
+lHtF841Re5o-00839-00264140-00264499 specific part of the hesitance very
+lHtF841Re5o-00840-00264500-00264775 precise life and though is a very
+lHtF841Re5o-00841-00264776-00265027 isolated continent process in this case
+lHtF841Re5o-00842-00265028-00265435 we refer to the portion of my positive
+lHtF841Re5o-00843-00265436-00265645 pumped activists for the team is very
+lHtF841Re5o-00844-00265646-00265972 exact specific you isolate down to a
+lHtF841Re5o-00845-00265973-00266370 very small small region of the functions
+lHtF841Re5o-00846-00266371-00266683 or you know it could be the split itself
+lHtF841Re5o-00847-00266684-00266893 or there was a valve over here it could
+lHtF841Re5o-00848-00266894-00267262 be availed itself for the pump itself so
+lHtF841Re5o-00849-00267263-00267544 let's define download then we consider a
+lHtF841Re5o-00850-00267545-00267993 prolific so we consider flow temperature
+lHtF841Re5o-00851-00267994-00268381 level pressure composition operator
+lHtF841Re5o-00852-00268382-00268750 action sampling for example promotion
+lHtF841Re5o-00853-00268751-00269055 these are parameters
+lHtF841Re5o-00854-00269056-00269349 based on that note of wisdom flowed
+lHtF841Re5o-00855-00269350-00269529 through that fight when the temperature
+lHtF841Re5o-00856-00269530-00269727 threw that party little do not be
+lHtF841Re5o-00857-00269728-00270135 appropriate parameters thanks for that
+lHtF841Re5o-00858-00270136-00270540 full pressure composition yet so we've
+lHtF841Re5o-00859-00270541-00270765 got a note firstly we've got a parameter
+lHtF841Re5o-00860-00270766-00271140 second week and every standard buy goods
+lHtF841Re5o-00861-00271141-00271640 and we assume we know what the safe and
+lHtF841Re5o-00862-00271641-00271896 typical operating condition is and we're
+lHtF841Re5o-00863-00271897-00272091 going to look at our wireless relative
+lHtF841Re5o-00864-00272092-00272322 to levels of the same position to user
+lHtF841Re5o-00865-00272323-00272739 is no survivors for example it's a tight
+lHtF841Re5o-00866-00272740-00273051 little understood as I know a parameter
+lHtF841Re5o-00867-00273052-00273234 this instead of your raise they will
+lHtF841Re5o-00868-00273235-00273546 look I vibrates provide the first I
+lHtF841Re5o-00869-00273547-00274014 wrote is less it certainly applies less
+lHtF841Re5o-00870-00274015-00274269 than the normal value in other words
+lHtF841Re5o-00871-00274270-00274515 it's saying what is going to happen what
+lHtF841Re5o-00872-00274516-00274701 you expect to have the people flow is
+lHtF841Re5o-00873-00274702-00274992 arresting they will look at all
+lHtF841Re5o-00874-00274993-00275214 consequence action we'll talk about that
+lHtF841Re5o-00875-00275215-00275547 next time do you do that and then you go
+lHtF841Re5o-00876-00275548-00275862 to our next time so however it was won
+lHtF841Re5o-00877-00275863-00276135 by the less we're looking more what is
+lHtF841Re5o-00878-00276136-00276296 going to happen what is the course
+lHtF841Re5o-00879-00276297-00276561 consequence and actually thank you to
+lHtF841Re5o-00880-00276562-00276972 see more homophobe or what if we see
+lHtF841Re5o-00881-00276973-00277257 those well what is going to be then to
+lHtF841Re5o-00882-00277258-00277449 the bed what is there to be the
+lHtF841Re5o-00883-00277450-00277842 consequence of reverse so we all can go
+lHtF841Re5o-00884-00277843-00278106 through every by word for every node for
+lHtF841Re5o-00885-00278107-00278403 every parameter and will identify likely
+lHtF841Re5o-00886-00278404-00278546 outcomes
+lHtF841Re5o-00887-00278547-00279034 see how this gets to be along Oh will
+lHtF841Re5o-00888-00279035-00279334 will work through a case I XY secure on
+lHtF841Re5o-00889-00279335-00279634 a five inch apart and we'll give
+lHtF841Re5o-00890-00279635-00279854 ourselves
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00000-00000024-00000279 do you have a secret crush and you can't
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00001-00000280-00000455 seem to muster up the courage to talk to
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00002-00000456-00000695 them in person just yet so you decide
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00003-00000696-00000919 you want to talk to them online first a
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00004-00000919-00001127 few texts here social media comments
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00005-00001128-00001399 there and you're good right
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00006-00001400-00001663 well you may need some tips to get you
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00007-00001664-00001895 started here's some help on how to get
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00008-00001896-00002087 your crush to like you online
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00009-00002088-00002271 number one see if you have mutual
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00010-00002272-00002375 friends
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00011-00002376-00002518 do you have mutual friends with your
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00012-00002519-00002758 crush the great thing about social media
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00013-00002759-00002934 platforms is being able to see who
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00014-00002935-00003142 follows who and who's on whose friend
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00015-00003143-00003375 list so if you give your crush a
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00016-00003376-00003615 friendly follow or add them with a note
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00017-00003615-00003815 saying you go to the same school or are
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00018-00003815-00004031 in the same club then after you're on
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00019-00004032-00004279 their friends list see who else is
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00020-00004280-00004470 odds are the social media site will let
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00021-00004471-00004663 you know what followers or friends you
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00022-00004664-00004799 have in common
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00023-00004800-00004951 if you know this mutual friend well
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00024-00004952-00005135 enough you can reach out and ask them
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00025-00005136-00005263 about your crush
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00026-00005264-00005495 if you trust them go ahead and ask if
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00027-00005496-00005711 they'll be your wingman or maybe if they
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00028-00005712-00005895 can invite your crush out to their next
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00029-00005896-00006118 outing which you'll be invited to as
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00030-00006119-00006206 well
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00031-00006207-00006383 then you can have an easier time getting
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00032-00006384-00006542 to know your crush because your mutual
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00033-00006543-00006759 friend can introduce you to them if
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00034-00006759-00006895 you're not quite comfortable with
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00035-00006895-00007087 admitting who your crush is to your
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00036-00007088-00007295 mutual friend you can always message
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00037-00007295-00007495 your crush asking how they know your
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00038-00007495-00007751 mutual friend it starts a conversation
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00039-00007752-00007942 and it shows you know them too so they
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00040-00007943-00008070 may just trust you more and feel
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00041-00008072-00008335 comfortable messaging you number two get
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00042-00008336-00008503 to know them and show you care about
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00043-00008504-00008735 them have you shown any of your passions
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00044-00008736-00008967 and hobbies through social media posts
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00045-00008968-00009183 well now that they know a bit about you
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00046-00009184-00009359 through your posts find out what they
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00047-00009360-00009606 like to do as well get to know them if
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00048-00009607-00009759 they posted about a movie they really
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00049-00009760-00009974 liked discuss it with them if they
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00050-00009975-00010110 shared a photo of themselves that
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00051-00010111-00010342 reveals a hobby of theirs ask them about
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00052-00010343-00010414 it
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00053-00010415-00010574 get to know your crush a bit by asking
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00054-00010575-00010783 about them their hobbies interests and
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00055-00010784-00010887 passions
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00056-00010888-00011063 if you have something in common run with
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00057-00011064-00011271 it and keep the conversation going
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00058-00011272-00011463 grow it towards more than a shared
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00059-00011464-00011646 interest but a discussion about why you
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00060-00011647-00011791 both love what it is that you're
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00061-00011792-00012031 passionate about what about it to you
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00062-00012032-00012255 makes it your one and only passion
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00063-00012256-00012431 they'll likely share what drew them to
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00064-00012432-00012646 their passions initially too or why they
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00065-00012647-00012871 got into their career or what's going on
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00066-00012872-00013127 lately in their life the point is to not
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00067-00013128-00013279 only get to know them but to show them
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00068-00013280-00013486 you care by listening asking follow-up
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00069-00013487-00013679 questions and expressing your genuine
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00070-00013680-00013951 interest when possible number three find
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00071-00013952-00014103 something interesting you both have in
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00072-00014104-00014375 common similar to point two
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00073-00014376-00014503 do you have something in common with
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00074-00014504-00014679 your crush try to find something
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00075-00014680-00014863 interesting that you both have in common
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00076-00014863-00015015 if you find something more unique that
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00077-00015016-00015215 you have in common even better this will
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00078-00015216-00015375 bring you closer and give you something
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00079-00015376-00015566 personal to talk about you may even
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00080-00015568-00015799 develop a private joke or two which can
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00081-00015800-00015991 bring you closer together once you have
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00082-00015991-00016158 something in common that's unique or
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00083-00016159-00016375 interesting it could set you apart from
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00084-00016376-00016591 their other friends which means they may
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00085-00016592-00016879 bond with you even more number four
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00086-00016880-00017030 post about something that you have in
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00087-00017031-00017183 common with them
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00088-00017184-00017335 okay so now you've gotten to know them
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00089-00017336-00017486 better and you've found out that you
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00090-00017487-00017679 have a few things in common with them
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00091-00017680-00017847 catch their attention more post about
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00092-00017848-00017991 your shared interest
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00093-00017992-00018214 so let's say you both enjoy skiing post
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00094-00018215-00018407 a photo of your latest skiing outing if
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00095-00018408-00018607 they comment on it you can then casually
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00096-00018608-00018822 invite them out to your next ski outing
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00097-00018823-00019030 or maybe you don't get much snow where
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00098-00019031-00019167 you live
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00099-00019168-00019335 how about posting an update on a book by
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00100-00019336-00019535 the author you both love if they comment
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00101-00019536-00019735 on it this is a good sign then you have
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00102-00019736-00019879 an easy way of starting up a
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00103-00019880-00020030 conversation again with them on the
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00104-00020031-00020327 topic you posted about number five
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00105-00020328-00020543 text some open-ended questions
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00106-00020544-00020735 while texting it's a good idea to keep
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00107-00020736-00020871 the conversation going with some
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00108-00020872-00021094 open-ended questions avoid simply yes or
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00109-00021095-00021358 no questions or look out for how they
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00110-00021359-00021583 reply if you notice they don't ever ask
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00111-00021584-00021807 questions back to you it's a likely sign
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00112-00021808-00021991 that they're not that interested
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00113-00021992-00022150 if they only text back brief yes or no
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00114-00022151-00022350 responses they might not be into keeping
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00115-00022351-00022599 the conversation going it shouldn't just
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00116-00022600-00022767 be you who's asking the questions in
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00117-00022768-00022927 your discussions but generally don't
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00118-00022928-00023086 turn away from asking some friendly
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00119-00023087-00023319 questions when they arise who knows the
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00120-00023320-00023494 more you both get to know each other the
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00121-00023495-00023703 more you may start to like each other
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00122-00023704-00023927 whether that be as romantic partners or
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00123-00023928-00024271 friends and number six be genuine and be
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00124-00024272-00024422 yourself
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00125-00024423-00024614 are you your genuine self when you text
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00126-00024615-00024839 your crush it's important not to pretend
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00127-00024840-00025086 you're someone besides your true self
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00128-00025087-00025255 the impression you're trying to give off
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00129-00025256-00025486 should be authentic to who you are once
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00130-00025487-00025662 the conversation starts flowing don't
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00131-00025663-00025894 overthink things and just run with it
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00132-00025895-00026127 ask some questions respond truthfully
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00133-00026127-00026367 and don't worry about seeming perfect
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00134-00026368-00026558 if you make a silly mistake you may just
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00135-00026560-00026767 come across as relatable you'll want a
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00136-00026768-00026974 partner who is compatible with you and
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00137-00026975-00027287 perhaps one day likes you for being you
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00138-00027288-00027487 it's best not to be anyone else besides
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00139-00027488-00027614 yourself
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00140-00027616-00027823 so how will you start a conversation
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00141-00027824-00028023 with your crush online or will you
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00142-00028024-00028223 approach them in person first feel free
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00143-00028224-00028407 to comment down below we hope you
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00144-00028408-00028583 enjoyed this video and if you did don't
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00145-00028583-00028727 forget to click the like button and
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00146-00028727-00028911 share it with a friend subscribe to
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00147-00028912-00029102 psych2go and hit the notification bell
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00148-00029104-00029311 icon for more content like this as
+lHBQeyu3CPc-00149-00029312-00029691 always thanks for watching
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00000-00000048-00000227 the daughters of divine love
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00001-00000228-00000424 congregation a Pontifical and
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00002-00000425-00000628 international order of religious women
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00003-00000629-00000862 was founded by Bishop Godfrey Mary Paul
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00004-00000863-00001012 Okoye CSSP
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00005-00001013-00001385 on July 16th 1969 in Nigeria during the
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00006-00001386-00001685 Nigerian civil war the afro war the
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00007-00001686-00001913 congregation has over 900 sisters
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00008-00001914-00002123 ministering in 15 countries around the
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00009-00002124-00002387 world the members pronounce the public
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00010-00002388-00002573 vows of chastity poverty and obedience
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00011-00002574-00002843 and dedicate themselves to contemplation
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00012-00002844-00003119 and apostolic work the congregation
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00013-00003120-00003340 recognized by their blue veil serves in
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00014-00003342-00003629 the following countries Africa Cameroon
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00015-00003629-00004022 Gabon Kenya Mali Nigeria Sierra Leone
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00016-00004022-00004355 Chad Europe England Germany Italy
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00017-00004356-00004739 Switzerland Belgium Americas Cuba
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00018-00004740-00005297 Jamaica Haiti United States
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00019-00005298-00005845 topic their mission statement
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00020-00005846-00006166 topic our concern for the less
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00021-00006167-00006517 privileged Christ identifies himself
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00022-00006518-00006787 with the poor and the suffering the
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00023-00006788-00006997 Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00024-00006998-00007196 has anointed me to proclaim release to
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00025-00007197-00007465 the captives and recovering of sight to
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00026-00007466-00007642 the blind to set at liberty those who
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00027-00007643-00007906 are oppressed to proclaim the acceptable
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00028-00007906-00008038 year of the Lord
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00029-00008039-00008489 LK 4:18
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00030-00008490-00008789 topic retreat houses and conference
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00031-00008790-00009178 centers
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00032-00009179-00009524 topic in addition to their various other
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00033-00009525-00009781 missionary activities and convents in 15
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00034-00009782-00009853 countries
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00035-00009854-00010058 the sisters operate a retreat house in
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00036-00010059-00010280 conference center near Abuja the capital
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00037-00010281-00010469 of Nigeria which has been used by the
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00038-00010470-00010681 Catholic Bishops Conference of Nigeria
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00039-00010682-00011048 for their meetings divine love retreat
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00040-00011049-00011408 and conference centre ACO a Mac housing
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00041-00011409-00012050 state Subhan lug B Abuja Nigeria
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00042-00012051-00012632 topic external links
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00043-00012633-00012991 Topic official website for the daughters
+lIA1K7l3_WI-00044-00012993-00013264 of divine love
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00000-00000152-00000657 [Music]
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00001-00000658-00001527 [Applause]
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00002-00001528-00001855 it's necessity or it's a part of
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00003-00001855-00002087 business what do you think
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00004-00002088-00002350 should they take as a burden
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00005-00002351-00002463 or not
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00006-00002464-00002702 so again this is a very
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00007-00002703-00002831 situational
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00008-00002832-00002966 answer to this question is very
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00009-00002967-00003126 situational so
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00010-00003127-00003415 if you ask somebody like mr
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00011-00003415-00003638 tata he would be
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00012-00003639-00003831 taking as much loan as possible right
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00013-00003832-00004063 now because he has the cash reserves
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00014-00004064-00004303 with him he knows that he will be able
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00015-00004304-00004438 to pay them off
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00016-00004439-00004615 or he has the assets which he has
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00017-00004616-00004943 already built which he can use it if
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00018-00004944-00005063 need be
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00019-00005064-00005247 but he will still go for the loan he
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00020-00005248-00005454 will not use his own assets
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00021-00005455-00005663 to continue his day-to-day operations
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00022-00005664-00005879 the simple reason being taking a loan
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00023-00005880-00006031 from the bank
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00024-00006032-00006270 is cheaper than using your own cash
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00025-00006271-00006591 reserves but on the other hand if
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00026-00006592-00006775 you're taking a loan to
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00027-00006776-00006927 just because you have to keep your
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00028-00006928-00007159 business running then i would
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00029-00007159-00007463 exercise caution or advice to exercise
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00030-00007464-00007670 questions right now first of all why do
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00031-00007672-00007863 you want to continue your business that
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00032-00007864-00008103 is the question that everybody should
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00033-00008104-00008199 answer
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00034-00008200-00008487 if whether it makes you happy to
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00035-00008488-00008639 run your business
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00036-00008640-00008814 if the answer to that is yes then you
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00037-00008815-00008983 should make all effort to
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00038-00008984-00009103 do that
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00039-00009104-00009423 but you yourself if you're compared or
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00040-00009424-00009574 if you think that
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00041-00009575-00009806 if i stop the business right now what
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00042-00009807-00009991 will people think if that is the
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00043-00009992-00010238 motivating factor then clearly you are
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00044-00010239-00010335 not
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00045-00010336-00010510 doing it for the right reasons i mean
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00046-00010511-00010687 you are not running the business for the
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00047-00010688-00010910 sake of others you you are running you
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00048-00010911-00011055 are you should be running your business
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00049-00011056-00011263 because you want to do it because
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00050-00011264-00011567 there is no other option for you that is
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00051-00011568-00011791 sort of your dna that is what makes you
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00052-00011792-00011887 happy
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00053-00011888-00012038 if that is the only
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00054-00012039-00012270 reason then you should continue
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00055-00012271-00012423 doing your business and
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00056-00012424-00012535 i mean
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00057-00012536-00012807 at least in our country it is very i
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00058-00012808-00012983 don't know it is a
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00059-00012984-00013143 sort of a taboo
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00060-00013144-00013383 or it is considered a bad thing to close
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00061-00013384-00013638 down a business but i don't think it
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00062-00013640-00013838 that way because
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00063-00013840-00014022 see you tried something
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00064-00014023-00014238 and you after
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00065-00014240-00014447 five years ten years you found out that
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00066-00014447-00014591 you don't like it
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00067-00014591-00014671 or
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00068-00014672-00014863 the reasons why you started the business
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00069-00014863-00015086 they don't exist anymore so
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00070-00015087-00015222 there is no
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00071-00015223-00015503 harm or i don't see why anybody should
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00072-00015504-00015735 not change his or her mind
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00073-00015736-00015894 as to why
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00074-00015895-00016007 they should
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00075-00016008-00016230 be continuing with their
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00076-00016231-00016358 burden
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00077-00016359-00016439 so
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00078-00016440-00016583 certainly
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00079-00016584-00016711 taking a loan
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00080-00016712-00016863 to continue
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00081-00016864-00017047 your day-to-day operations is definitely
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00082-00017048-00017294 not a good idea especially
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00083-00017295-00017511 these days third scenario is i mean
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00084-00017512-00017735 you're starting a new business so in my
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00085-00017736-00017879 opinion
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00086-00017880-00018214 this or a situation like this
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00087-00018215-00018630 where there is a very low consumer
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00088-00018631-00018750 sentiment
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00089-00018751-00018958 starting a business right now is the
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00090-00018959-00019071 most
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00091-00019072-00019222 ideal time
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00092-00019223-00019358 the
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00093-00019359-00019567 interest rates are low you will find
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00094-00019568-00019903 good locations for your i mean offices
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00095-00019904-00020127 or shops or whatever you want at a
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00096-00020128-00020391 fairly cheaper rate because people have
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00097-00020392-00020614 a lot of inventory of these of this real
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00098-00020615-00020830 estate which they want to get rid of so
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00099-00020831-00021022 certainly if you i mean and you can play
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00100-00021023-00021263 smart be smart with that also you can
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00101-00021264-00021486 have a three year or five year lease
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00102-00021487-00021686 with them so you can have sort of a
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00103-00021687-00021839 locked in
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00104-00021840-00022135 trend for five years many people are
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00105-00022136-00022319 looking for jobs now
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00106-00022320-00022494 many good people actually
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00107-00022495-00022727 so i mean you can
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00108-00022728-00023094 hire good talent at a reasonably
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00109-00023095-00023391 low salaries or lower salaries
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00110-00023392-00023542 so i'm not saying that you should
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00111-00023543-00023735 squeeze people for
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00112-00023736-00023839 money
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00113-00023840-00023950 but
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00114-00023951-00024127 right now the situation is that people
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00115-00024128-00024367 are ready to lower their prices
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00116-00024368-00024607 so why not take advantage of that
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00117-00024608-00024727 so
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00118-00024728-00024903 certainly starting a business right now
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00119-00024904-00025071 definitely is a good idea
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00120-00025072-00025271 there are some companies which are sort
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00121-00025272-00025494 of in the growth phase so
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00122-00025495-00025694 i mean they are sort of in a sweet spot
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00123-00025695-00025902 right now they have
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00124-00025904-00026143 some cash in hand they have a set
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00125-00026144-00026262 business
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00126-00026263-00026518 and now they can think of expanding so
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00127-00026519-00026783 that too is a i mean that also is a good
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00128-00026783-00027031 scenario to i mean those people can
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00129-00027032-00027183 think of expansion
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00130-00027183-00027495 because their basic survival
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00131-00027495-00027711 needs are sort of catered to or they
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00132-00027712-00027862 know how to
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00133-00027863-00027967 do that
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00134-00027968-00028118 so certainly
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00135-00028119-00028287 these companies should think of
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00136-00028288-00028511 expanding these companies should think
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00137-00028512-00028574 of
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00138-00028575-00028814 expanding their reach by employing more
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00139-00028816-00028902 people
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00140-00028904-00029190 opening more locations being more active
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00141-00029191-00029423 spending on marketing so
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00142-00029424-00029646 building a brand so these companies
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00143-00029647-00029783 should definitely
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00144-00029783-00030039 be concentrating on this and if they
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00145-00030039-00030239 have to take a loan for these activities
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00146-00030239-00030374 then definitely
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00147-00030375-00031214 it is it is advisable
+lIXBYFTfN7k-00148-00031216-00031424 you
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00000-00000063-00000315 espionage or spying is the act of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00001-00000316-00000442 obtaining secret or confidential
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00002-00000443-00000661 information without the permission of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00003-00000662-00000931 the holder of the information spies help
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00004-00000932-00001204 agencies uncover secret information any
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00005-00001205-00001459 individual or spy ring a cooperating
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00006-00001460-00001659 group of spies in the service of a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00007-00001660-00001839 government company or independent
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00008-00001841-00002051 operation can commit espionage the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00009-00002052-00002305 practice is clandestine as it is by
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00010-00002306-00002515 definition unwelcome and in many cases
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00011-00002516-00002839 illegal and punishable by law espionage
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00012-00002840-00003123 is a method of intelligence gathering
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00013-00003124-00003313 which includes information gathering
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00014-00003314-00003561 from public sources espionage is often
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00015-00003563-00003742 part of an institutional effort by a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00016-00003743-00003994 government or commercial concern however
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00017-00003995-00004204 the term tends to be associated with
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00018-00004205-00004396 state spying on potential or actual
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00019-00004397-00004708 enemies for military purposes spying
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00020-00004709-00004888 involving corporations as known as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00021-00004889-00005209 industrial espionage one of the most
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00022-00005210-00005389 effective ways to gather data and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00023-00005390-00005605 information about the enemy or potential
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00024-00005606-00005800 enemy is by infiltrating the enemy's
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00025-00005801-00006046 ranks this is the job of the spy
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00026-00006047-00006304 espionage agent spies can return
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00027-00006305-00006498 information concerning the size and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00028-00006499-00006753 strength of enemy forces they can also
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00029-00006754-00006921 find dissidents within the enemy's
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00030-00006922-00007180 forces and influence them to defect in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00031-00007181-00007413 times of crisis spies steal technology
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00032-00007414-00007737 and sabotage the enemy in various ways
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00033-00007738-00007959 counterintelligence is the practice of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00034-00007960-00008127 thwarted enemy espionage and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00035-00008128-00008341 intelligence gathering almost all
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00036-00008342-00008517 nations have strict laws concerning
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00037-00008518-00008706 espionage and the penalty for being
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00038-00008707-00008983 caught is often severe however the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00039-00008984-00009166 benefits gained through espionage are
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00040-00009167-00009370 often so great that most governments and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00041-00009371-00009612 many large corporations make use of it
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00042-00009613-00009880 information collection techniques used
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00043-00009881-00010066 in the conduct of clandestine human
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00044-00010067-00010252 intelligence include operational
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00045-00010253-00010419 techniques asset recruiting and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00046-00010420-00010796 tradecraft
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00047-00010797-00011300 topic history
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00048-00011301-00011810 topic ancient times
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00049-00011811-00012275 topic medieval
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00050-00012276-00012813 topic early modern history
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00051-00012813-00013341 topic eighteenth-century
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00052-00013341-00013866 topic nineteenth-century
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00053-00013866-00014397 topic twentieth-century
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00054-00014399-00014941 topic 21st century
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00055-00014941-00015408 topic today
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00056-00015409-00015696 today espionage agencies target the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00057-00015697-00015879 illegal drug trade and terrorists as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00058-00015880-00016200 well as state actors since 2008 the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00059-00016201-00016443 United States has charged at least 57
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00060-00016444-00016635 defendants for attempting to spy for
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00061-00016636-00016839 China intelligence services value
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00062-00016840-00016974 certain intelligence collection
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00063-00016975-00017277 techniques over others the former Soviet
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00064-00017278-00017472 Union for example preferred human
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00065-00017473-00017685 sources over research in open sources
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00066-00017686-00017858 while the United States has tended to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00067-00017859-00018063 emphasize technological methods such as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00068-00018064-00018350 SIGINT and I meant in the Soviet Union
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00069-00018351-00018603 both political KGB and military
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00070-00018604-00018825 intelligence grew officers were judged
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00071-00018826-00019304 by the number of agents they recruited
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00072-00019305-00019886 topic targets of espionage
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00073-00019887-00020133 espionage agents are usually trained
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00074-00020134-00020345 experts in a targeted field so they can
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00075-00020346-00020538 differentiate mundane information from
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00076-00020539-00020675 targets of value to their own
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00077-00020676-00020928 organizational development correct
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00078-00020929-00021117 identification of the target at its
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00079-00021118-00021320 execution as the sole purpose of the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00080-00021321-00021530 espionage operation broad areas of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00081-00021531-00021821 espionage targeting expertise include
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00082-00021822-00022116 natural resources strategic production
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00083-00022117-00022314 identification and assessment food
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00084-00022315-00022641 energy materials agents are usually
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00085-00022642-00022839 found among bureaucrats who administer
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00086-00022840-00023075 these resources in their own countries
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00087-00023076-00023339 popular sentiment towards domestic and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00088-00023340-00023547 foreign policies popular middle-class
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00089-00023548-00023867 elites agents often recruited from field
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00090-00023868-00024128 journalistic crews exchange postgraduate
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00091-00024129-00024400 students and sociology researchers
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00092-00024401-00024656 strategic economic strengths production
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00093-00024657-00024905 research manufacture infrastructure
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00094-00024906-00025142 agents recruited from science and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00095-00025143-00025325 technology academia commercial
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00096-00025326-00025533 enterprises and more rarely from among
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00097-00025534-00025830 military technologists military
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00098-00025831-00026039 capability intelligence offensive
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00099-00026041-00026357 defensive maneuver naval air space
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00100-00026358-00026637 agents are trained by military espionage
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00101-00026638-00026868 education facilities and posted to an
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00102-00026869-00027099 area of operation with covert identities
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00103-00027100-00027314 to minimize prosecution
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00104-00027314-00027549 counterintelligence operations targeting
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00105-00027550-00027729 opponents intelligence services
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00106-00027730-00027882 themselves such as breaching
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00107-00027883-00028104 confidentiality of communications and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00108-00028105-00028620 recruiting defectors or moles
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00109-00028622-00029198 topic methods and terminology
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00110-00029199-00029477 although the news media may speak of spy
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00111-00029477-00029777 satellites and the like espionage is not
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00112-00029777-00029972 a synonym for all intelligence gathering
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00113-00029973-00030257 disciplines it is a specific form of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00114-00030258-00030500 human source intelligence human code
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00115-00030501-00030794 breaking crypt analysis or comint
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00116-00030795-00031019 aircraft or satellite photography
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00117-00031020-00031172 I meant and research in open
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00118-00031173-00031408 publications OSI and T are all
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00119-00031410-00031607 intelligence gathering disciplines but
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00120-00031608-00031789 none of them is considered espionage
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00121-00031789-00032093 many human activities such as prisoner
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00122-00032094-00032294 interrogation reports from military
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00123-00032295-00032458 reconnaissance patrols and from
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00124-00032460-00032675 diplomats etc are not considered
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00125-00032676-00032999 espionage espionage is the disclosure of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00126-00033000-00033209 sensitive information classified to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00127-00033210-00033347 people who are not cleared for that
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00128-00033348-00033569 information or access to that sensitive
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00129-00033570-00033848 information unlike other forms of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00130-00033849-00034016 intelligence collection disciplines
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00131-00034017-00034262 espionage usually involves accessing the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00132-00034263-00034457 place where the desired information is
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00133-00034458-00034640 stored or accessing the people who know
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00134-00034641-00034799 the information and will divulge it
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00135-00034800-00035030 through some kind of subterfuge there
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00136-00035031-00035252 are exceptions to physical meetings such
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00137-00035253-00035471 as the Oslo report or the insistence of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00138-00035472-00035633 Robert Hansen in never meeting the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00139-00035634-00035894 people who bought his information the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00140-00035895-00036149 u.s. defines espionage towards itself as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00141-00036150-00036386 the act of obtaining delivering
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00142-00036387-00036653 transmitting communicating or receiving
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00143-00036654-00036878 information about the National Defense
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00144-00036879-00037115 with an intent or reason to believe that
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00145-00037116-00037295 the information may be used to the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00146-00037296-00037508 injury of the United States or to the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00147-00037509-00037847 advantage of any foreign nation Black's
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00148-00037848-00038326 Law Dictionary 1990 defines espionage as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00149-00038327-00038739 gathering transmitting or losing
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00150-00038740-00038973 information related to the national
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00151-00038974-00039339 defense espionage is a violation of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00152-00039340-00039780 United States law 18 USC Section 792 2
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00153-00039781-00040123 798 and article 106 a of the Uniform
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00154-00040124-00040405 Code of Military Justice the United
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00155-00040406-00040602 States like most nations conducts
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00156-00040603-00040792 espionage against other nations under
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00157-00040793-00040995 the control of the national clandestine
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00158-00040996-00041283 service Britain's espionage activities
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00159-00041284-00041421 are controlled by the Secret
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00160-00041422-00041805 Intelligence Service
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00161-00041806-00042410 topic technology and techniques
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00162-00042411-00042931 topic organization
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00163-00042932-00043186 a spy is a person employed to seek out
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00164-00043187-00043383 top-secret information from a source
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00165-00043384-00043621 within the United States intelligence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00166-00043622-00043990 community asset is a more common usage a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00167-00043991-00044233 case officer or special agent who may
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00168-00044234-00044494 have diplomatic status ie official cover
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00169-00044495-00044713 or non official cover supports and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00170-00044714-00044986 directs the human collector cutouts are
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00171-00044987-00045151 couriers who do not know the agent or
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00172-00045152-00045378 case officer but transfer messages a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00173-00045379-00045724 safehouse is a refuge for spies spies
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00174-00045725-00045928 often seek to obtain secret information
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00175-00045929-00046264 from another source in larger networks
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00176-00046265-00046477 the organization can be complex with
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00177-00046478-00046654 many methods to avoid detection
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00178-00046655-00046963 including clandestine cell systems often
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00179-00046964-00047203 the players have never met case officers
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00180-00047204-00047371 are stationed in foreign countries to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00181-00047372-00047581 recruit and to supervise intelligence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00182-00047582-00047800 agents who in turn spy on targets in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00183-00047801-00047932 their countries where they are assigned
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00184-00047933-00048205 a spy need not be a citizen of the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00185-00048206-00048394 target country hence does not
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00186-00048395-00048550 automatically commit treason when
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00187-00048551-00048775 operating within it while the more
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00188-00048776-00048979 common practices to recruit a person
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00189-00048980-00049171 already trusted with access to sensitive
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00190-00049172-00049405 information sometimes a person with a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00191-00049406-00049615 well-prepared synthetic identity cover
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00192-00049616-00049822 background called a legend in tradecraft
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00193-00049823-00050020 may attempt to infiltrate a target
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00194-00050021-00050215 organization
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00195-00050216-00050429 these agents can be moles who are
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00196-00050430-00050599 recruited before they get access to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00197-00050600-00050798 secrets defectors who are recruited
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00198-00050799-00050986 after they get access to secrets and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00199-00050987-00051155 leave their country or defectors in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00200-00051156-00051420 place who get access but do not leave a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00201-00051421-00051635 legend is also employed for an
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00202-00051636-00051844 individual who is not an illegal agent
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00203-00051845-00052036 but as an ordinary citizen who is
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00204-00052037-00052373 relocated for example a protected
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00205-00052374-00052679 witness nevertheless such a non agent
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00206-00052679-00052847 very likely will also have a case
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00207-00052848-00053131 officer who will act as controller as in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00208-00053132-00053344 most if not all synthetic identity
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00209-00053345-00053554 schemes for whatever purpose illegal or
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00210-00053555-00053753 legal the assistance of a controller is
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00211-00053754-00053848 required
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00212-00053849-00054088 spies may also be used to spread
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00213-00054089-00054296 disinformation in the organization in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00214-00054297-00054473 which they are planted such as giving
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00215-00054474-00054635 false reports about their country's
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00216-00054636-00054848 military movements or about a competing
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00217-00054849-00055040 company's ability to bring a product to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00218-00055041-00055090 market
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00219-00055091-00055366 spies may be given other roles that also
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00220-00055367-00055650 require infiltration such as sabotage
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00221-00055651-00055925 many government spy on their allies as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00222-00055926-00056068 well as their enemies although they
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00223-00056069-00056251 typically maintain a policy of not
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00224-00056252-00056506 commenting on this government's also
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00225-00056507-00056704 employ private companies to collect
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00226-00056705-00056944 information on their behalf such as scg
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00227-00056945-00057140 international risk international
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00228-00057141-00057430 intelligence Limited and others many
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00229-00057432-00057647 organizations both national and non
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00230-00057648-00057965 national conduct espionage operations it
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00231-00057966-00058166 should not be assumed that espionage is
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00232-00058166-00058346 always directed at the most secret
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00233-00058347-00058649 operations of a target country national
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00234-00058650-00058835 and terrorist organizations and other
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00235-00058836-00059099 groups are also targets this is because
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00236-00059100-00059242 governments want to retrieve information
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00237-00059244-00059453 that they can use to be proactive in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00238-00059454-00059632 protecting their nation from potential
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00239-00059633-00059944 terrorist attacks communications both
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00240-00059945-00060142 are necessary to espionage and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00241-00060144-00060367 clandestine operations and also a great
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00242-00060369-00060550 vulnerability when the adversary has
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00243-00060551-00060763 sophisticated SIGINT detection and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00244-00060764-00061054 interception capability agents must also
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00245-00061055-00061580 transfer money securely
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00246-00061582-00062202 topic industrial espionage reportedly
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00247-00062203-00062457 Canada is losing 12 billion dollars in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00248-00062458-00062637 German companies are estimated to be
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00249-00062638-00062925 losing about 50 billion euros 87 billion
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00250-00062926-00063116 dollars and 30 thousand jobs to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00251-00063117-00063604 industrial espionage every year
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00252-00063604-00064180 topic agents in espionage
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00253-00064182-00064516 in espionage jargon and agent is the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00254-00064517-00064748 person who does the spying a citizen of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00255-00064749-00064961 one country who is recruited by a second
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00256-00064962-00065147 country to spy on her work against his
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00257-00065148-00065355 own country or a third country in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00258-00065357-00065594 popular usage this term is often
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00259-00065595-00065795 erroneously applied to a member of an
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00260-00065796-00065987 intelligence service who recruits and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00261-00065988-00066191 handles agents in espionage such a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00262-00066192-00066398 person is referred to as an intelligence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00263-00066399-00066626 officer intelligence operative or case
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00264-00066627-00066908 officer there are several types of agent
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00265-00066909-00067262 in use today double agent engages in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00266-00067263-00067457 clandestine activity for two
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00267-00067458-00067703 intelligence or security services or
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00268-00067704-00067955 more in joint operations who provides
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00269-00067956-00068201 information about one or about each to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00270-00068202-00068375 the other and who wittingly withhold
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00271-00068376-00068600 significant information from one on the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00272-00068601-00068771 instructions of the other or is
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00273-00068772-00069008 unwittingly manipulated by one so that
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00274-00069009-00069203 significant facts are withheld from the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00275-00069204-00069530 adversary peddler's fabricators and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00276-00069531-00069728 others who work for themselves rather
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00277-00069729-00069947 than a service are not double agents
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00278-00069948-00070211 because they are not agents the fact
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00279-00070212-00070397 that double agents have an agent
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00280-00070398-00070558 relationship with both sides
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00281-00070559-00070820 distinguishes them from penetrations who
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00282-00070821-00070997 normally are placed with the target
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00283-00070998-00071395 service in a staff or officer capacity
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00284-00071396-00071627 redoubled agent forced to mislead the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00285-00071628-00071831 foreign intelligence service after being
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00286-00071832-00072101 caught as a double agent unwitting
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00287-00072102-00072299 double agent offers or is forced to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00288-00072300-00072500 recruit as a double or redoubled agent
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00289-00072501-00072674 and in the process is recruited by
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00290-00072675-00072833 either a third party intelligence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00291-00072834-00072998 service or his own government without
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00292-00072999-00073160 the knowledge of the intended target
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00293-00073161-00073412 intelligence service or the agent this
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00294-00073413-00073613 can be useful in capturing important
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00295-00073614-00073775 information from an agent that is
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00296-00073776-00073919 attempting to seek allegiance with
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00297-00073920-00074177 another country the double agent usually
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00298-00074178-00074366 has knowledge of both intelligence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00299-00074367-00074585 services and can identify operational
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00300-00074586-00074762 techniques of both thus making third
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00301-00074763-00074924 party recruitment difficult or
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00302-00074925-00075194 impossible the knowledge of operational
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00303-00075195-00075344 techniques can also affect the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00304-00075345-00075509 relationship between the operations
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00305-00075510-00075770 officer or case officer and the agent if
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00306-00075771-00075911 the case is transferred by an
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00307-00075912-00076127 operational targeting officer to a new
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00308-00076128-00076316 operations officer leaving the new
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00309-00076317-00076592 officer vulnerable to attack this type
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00310-00076593-00076784 of transfer may occur when an officer
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00311-00076785-00076970 has completed his term of service or
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00312-00076971-00077246 when his cover is blown triple agent
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00313-00077247-00077541 works for three intelligence services
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00314-00077542-00077769 intelligence agent provides access to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00315-00077770-00077958 sensitive information through the use of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00316-00077959-00078264 special privileges if used in corporate
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00317-00078265-00078390 intelligence gathering
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00318-00078391-00078576 this may include gathering information
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00319-00078577-00078768 of a corporate business venture or stock
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00320-00078769-00079059 portfolio in economic intelligence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00321-00079060-00079293 economic analysts may use their
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00322-00079294-00079515 specialized skills to analyze and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00323-00079516-00079707 interpret economic trends and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00324-00079708-00079944 developments assess and track foreign
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00325-00079945-00080178 financial activities and develop new
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00326-00080179-00080456 econometric and modeling methodologies
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00327-00080457-00080730 this may also include information of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00328-00080731-00081060 trade or tariff access agent provides
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00329-00081061-00081270 access to other potential agents by
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00330-00081271-00081483 providing profiling information that can
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00331-00081484-00081630 help lead to recruitment into an
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00332-00081631-00081897 intelligent service agent of influence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00333-00081898-00082161 provides political influence in an area
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00334-00082162-00082335 of interest possibly including
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00335-00082336-00082500 publications needed to further an
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00336-00082501-00082770 intelligence service agenda the use of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00337-00082771-00082959 the media to print a story to mislead a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00338-00082960-00083181 foreign service into action exposing
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00339-00083182-00083304 their operations while under
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00340-00083305-00083574 surveillance agent provocateur
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00341-00083575-00083748 instigates trouble or provides
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00342-00083749-00083955 information to gather as many people as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00343-00083956-00084251 possible into one location for an arrest
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00344-00084252-00084513 facilities agent provides access to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00345-00084514-00084738 buildings such as garages or offices
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00346-00084739-00085100 used for staging operations resupply etc
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00347-00085101-00085365 principal agent functions as a handler
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00348-00085366-00085548 for an established network of agents
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00349-00085549-00085865 usually considered blue chip
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00350-00085866-00086093 confusion agent provides misleading
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00351-00086094-00086255 information to an enemy intelligence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00352-00086256-00086471 service or attempts to discredit the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00353-00086472-00086734 operations of the target in an operation
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00354-00086735-00087001 sleeper agent recruited to wake up and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00355-00087002-00087205 perform a specific set of tasks or
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00356-00087206-00087382 functions while living undercover in an
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00357-00087383-00087659 area of interest this type of agent is
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00358-00087660-00087860 not the same as a deep-cover operative
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00359-00087861-00088057 who continually contacts a case officer
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00360-00088058-00088375 to file intelligence reports a sleeper
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00361-00088376-00088561 agent is not in contact with anyone
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00362-00088562-00088888 until activated a legal agent lives in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00363-00088889-00089086 another country under false credentials
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00364-00089087-00089263 and does not report to a local station
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00365-00089264-00089546 an unofficial cover operative can be
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00366-00089547-00089792 dubbed in illegal when working in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00367-00089793-00089960 another country without diplomatic
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00368-00089961-00090321 protection
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00369-00090322-00090810 topic law
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00370-00090811-00091033 espionage is a crime under the legal
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00371-00091034-00091270 code of many nations in the United
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00372-00091271-00091456 States it is covered by the Espionage
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00373-00091457-00091843 Act of 1917 the risks of espionage vary
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00374-00091844-00092095 a spy breaking the host country's laws
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00375-00092096-00092314 may be deported imprisoned or even
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00376-00092315-00092551 executed a spy breaking their own
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00377-00092552-00092740 country's laws can be imprisoned for
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00378-00092741-00092989 espionage or and treason which in the US
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00379-00092990-00093163 and some other jurisdictions can only
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00380-00093164-00093349 occur if they take up the arms or AIDS
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00381-00093350-00093490 the enemy against their own country
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00382-00093491-00093748 during wartime or even executed as the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00383-00093749-00094054 Rosenbergs were for example when Aldrich
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00384-00094055-00094282 Ames handed a stack of dossiers of US
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00385-00094283-00094576 Central Intelligence Agency CIA agents
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00386-00094577-00094810 in the Eastern Bloc to his KGB officer
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00387-00094811-00095263 handler the KGB rolled up several
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00388-00095264-00095443 networks and at least 10 people were
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00389-00095444-00095710 secretly shot when Ames was arrested by
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00390-00095711-00095941 the US Federal Bureau of Investigation
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00391-00095942-00096238 FBI he faced life in prison his contact
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00392-00096239-00096457 who had diplomatic immunity was declared
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00393-00096458-00096652 persona non grata and taken to the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00394-00096653-00096916 airport Ames wife was threatened with
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00395-00096917-00097102 life imprisonment if her husband did not
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00396-00097103-00097318 cooperate he did and she was given a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00397-00097319-00097426 5-year sentence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00398-00097427-00097756 hugh frances redmond a CIA officer in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00399-00097757-00098020 china spent 19 years in a Chinese prison
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00400-00098021-00098323 for espionage and died there as he was
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00401-00098324-00098515 operating without diplomatic cover and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00402-00098516-00098749 immunity in United States law treason
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00403-00098750-00099027 espionage and spying are separate crimes
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00404-00099028-00099286 treason and espionage have graduated
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00405-00099287-00099613 punishment levels the United States in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00406-00099614-00099805 World War one passed the Espionage Act
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00407-00099806-00100231 of 1917 over the years many spies such
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00408-00100232-00100482 as the sobel spy ring Robert Lee Johnson
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00409-00100483-00100707 the Rosenberg rein Aldrich Hazen Ames
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00410-00100708-00100960 Robert Philip Hanson Jonathan Pollard
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00411-00100961-00101236 John Anthony Walker James Hall three and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00412-00101237-00101410 others have been prosecuted under this
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00413-00101411-00101729 law
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00414-00101730-00102365 topic history of espionage laws from
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00415-00102366-00102593 ancient times the penalty for espionage
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00416-00102594-00102886 in many countries was execution this was
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00417-00102888-00103088 true right up until the era of World War
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00418-00103089-00103154 two
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00419-00103155-00103397 for example Joseph Jacobs was a Nazi spy
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00420-00103398-00103589 who parachuted into Great Britain in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00421-00103590-00103927 1941 and was executed for espionage in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00422-00103928-00104209 modern times many people convicted of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00423-00104210-00104381 espionage have been given penal
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00424-00104382-00104639 sentences rather than execution for
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00425-00104640-00104843 example Aldrich Hazen Ames as an
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00426-00104844-00105146 American CIA analysts turned KGB mole
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00427-00105147-00105446 who was convicted of espionage in 1994
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00428-00105447-00105608 he is serving a life sentence without
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00429-00105608-00105782 the possibility of parole in the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00430-00105783-00106015 high-security Allenwood US Penitentiary
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00431-00106016-00106331 Ames was formerly a 31 year CIA
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00432-00106332-00106558 counterintelligence officer an analyst
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00433-00106559-00106735 who committed espionage against his
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00434-00106736-00106909 country by spying for the Soviet Union
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00435-00106910-00107219 in Russia so far as it is known Ames
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00436-00107220-00107434 compromised the second largest number of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00437-00107435-00107729 CIA agents second only to Robert Hansen
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00438-00107730-00108197 who is also serving a prison sentence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00439-00108198-00108765 topic use against non spies
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00440-00108766-00109007 espionage laws are also used to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00441-00109008-00109283 prosecute non spies in the United States
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00442-00109283-00109585 the Espionage Act of 1917 was used
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00443-00109586-00109828 against socialist politician Eugene v
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00444-00109829-00110018 Debs at that time the Act had much
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00445-00110019-00110189 stricter guidelines and amongst other
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00446-00110190-00110393 things banned speech against military
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00447-00110394-00110639 recruiting the law was later used to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00448-00110640-00110870 suppress publication of periodicals for
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00449-00110871-00111083 example of father Coughlin in world war
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00450-00111083-00111451 ii in the early 21st century the act was
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00451-00111452-00111668 used to prosecute whistleblowers such as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00452-00111669-00111896 Thomas Andrews Drake John Kiriakou
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00453-00111897-00112121 and Edward Snowden as well as officials
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00454-00112122-00112307 who communicated with journalists for
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00455-00112308-00112499 innocuous reasons such as Stephen
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00456-00112500-00112759 jin-woo Kim as of 2012 India and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00457-00112760-00112960 Pakistan were holding several hundred
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00458-00112961-00113132 prisoners of each other's country for
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00459-00113133-00113338 minor violations like trespass or visa
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00460-00113339-00113558 overstay often with accusations of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00461-00113558-00113851 espionage attached some of these include
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00462-00113852-00114109 cases where Pakistan and India both deny
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00463-00114110-00114308 citizenship to these people leaving them
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00464-00114308-00114688 stateless the BBC reported in 2012 on
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00465-00114689-00114932 one such case that of muhammad idris who
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00466-00114933-00115129 was held under indian police control for
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00467-00115130-00115343 approximately 13 years for overstaying
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00468-00115344-00115579 his 15 day visa by two to three days
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00469-00115580-00115846 after seeing his ill parents in 1999
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00470-00115847-00116152 much of the 13 years was spent in prison
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00471-00116153-00116335 waiting for a hearing and more time was
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00472-00116336-00116507 spent homeless or living with generous
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00473-00116508-00116788 families the Indian people's Union for
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00474-00116789-00116975 civil liberties and human rights law
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00475-00116976-00117241 network both decried his treatment the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00476-00117242-00117488 BBC attributed some of the problems to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00477-00117489-00118035 tensions caused by the Kashmir conflict
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00478-00118036-00118607 topic espionage laws in the UK
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00479-00118608-00118881 espionage is illegal in the UK under the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00480-00118882-00119060 Official Secrets Act of nineteen eleven
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00481-00119061-00119394 in 1920 the UK law under this
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00482-00119395-00119619 legislation considers espionage as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00483-00119620-00119858 concerning those who intend to help an
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00484-00119859-00120093 enemy and deliberately harm the security
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00485-00120094-00120447 of the nation according to mi5 the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00486-00120448-00120648 person commits the offense of spying if
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00487-00120649-00120897 they for any purpose prejudicial to the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00488-00120898-00121172 safety or interests of the state
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00489-00121173-00121407 approaches enters or inspects a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00490-00121408-00121632 prohibited area makes documents such as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00491-00121633-00121857 plans that are intended calculated or
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00492-00121858-00122043 could directly or indirectly be of use
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00493-00122044-00122370 to an enemy or obtains collects records
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00494-00122371-00122619 or publishes or communicates to any
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00495-00122620-00122841 other person any secret official
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00496-00122842-00123147 codeword or password or any sketch plan
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00497-00123148-00123474 model article or note or other document
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00498-00123475-00123720 which is calculated to be or might be or
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00499-00123721-00123924 is intended to be directly or indirectly
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00500-00123925-00124269 useful to an enemy the illegality of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00501-00124270-00124551 espionage also includes any action which
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00502-00124552-00124770 may be considered preparatory to spying
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00503-00124771-00124998 or encouraging or aiding another to spy
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00504-00124999-00125244 an individual convicted of espionage can
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00505-00125245-00125394 be imprisoned for up to fourteen years
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00506-00125395-00125622 in the UK although multiple sentences
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00507-00125623-00125983 can be issued
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00508-00125983-00126274 topic government intelligence laws and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00509-00126275-00126755 its distinction from espionage
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00510-00126756-00126983 government intelligence is very much
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00511-00126983-00127178 distinct from espionage and is not
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00512-00127179-00127376 illegal in the UK providing that the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00513-00127377-00127553 organisations of individuals are
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00514-00127554-00127769 registered often with the ICO and are
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00515-00127770-00127919 acting within the restrictions of the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00516-00127920-00128141 regulation of Investigatory Powers Act
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00517-00128142-00128434 RIBA intelligence is considered legally
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00518-00128435-00128744 as information of all sorts gathered by
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00519-00128745-00128951 a government or organization to guide
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00520-00128952-00129227 its decisions it includes information
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00521-00129228-00129459 that may be both public and private
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00522-00129460-00129733 obtained from many different public or
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00523-00129734-00130055 secret sources it could consist entirely
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00524-00130056-00130280 of information from either publicly
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00525-00130281-00130514 available or secret sources or be a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00526-00130515-00130895 combination of the two however espionage
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00527-00130896-00131135 and intelligence can be linked according
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00528-00131136-00131381 to the mi5 website foreign intelligence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00529-00131382-00131633 officers acting in the UK under
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00530-00131634-00131876 diplomatic cover may enjoy immunity from
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00531-00131877-00131983 prosecution
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00532-00131984-00132272 such persons can only be tried for
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00533-00132273-00132560 spying or indeed any criminal offence if
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00534-00132561-00132820 diplomatic immunity is waived beforehand
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00535-00132821-00133070 those officers operating without
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00536-00133071-00133340 diplomatic cover have no such immunity
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00537-00133341-00133739 from prosecution there are also laws
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00538-00133740-00133871 surrounding government and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00539-00133872-00134042 organizational intelligence and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00540-00134043-00134288 surveillance generally the body involved
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00541-00134289-00134450 should be issued with some form of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00542-00134451-00134588 warrant or permission from the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00543-00134589-00134735 government and should be enacting their
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00544-00134736-00134891 procedures in the interest of protecting
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00545-00134892-00135107 national security or the safety of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00546-00135108-00135362 public citizens those carrying out
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00547-00135363-00135542 intelligence missions should act within
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00548-00135543-00135731 not only Ripa but also the Data
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00549-00135732-00135922 Protection Act and Human Rights Act
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00550-00135923-00136235 however there are spy equipment laws and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00551-00136236-00136421 legal requirements around intelligence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00552-00136422-00136595 methods that vary for each form of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00553-00136596-00136978 intelligence enacted
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00554-00136979-00137530 topic military conflicts
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00555-00137531-00137803 in military conflicts espionage is
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00556-00137804-00138007 considered permissible as many nations
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00557-00138008-00138211 recognize the inevitability of opposing
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00558-00138212-00138424 sides seeking intelligence each about
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00559-00138425-00138664 the dispositions of the other to make
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00560-00138665-00138844 the mission easier and successful
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00561-00138845-00139063 soldiers are agents wear disguises to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00562-00139064-00139222 conceal their true identity from the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00563-00139223-00139435 enemy while penetrating enemy lines for
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00564-00139436-00139702 intelligence gathering however if they
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00565-00139703-00139849 are caught behind enemy lines and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00566-00139850-00140026 disguises they are not entitled to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00567-00140027-00140251 prisoner of war status and subject to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00568-00140252-00140494 prosecution and punishment including
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00569-00140495-00140829 execution The Hague Convention of 1907
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00570-00140830-00141078 addresses the status of wartime spies
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00571-00141079-00141367 specifically within laws and customs of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00572-00141368-00141472 war on land
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00573-00141473-00141892 Haggai V October 18th 1907 chapter 2
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00574-00141893-00142252 spies article 29 states that a person is
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00575-00142253-00142477 considered a spy who acts clandestinely
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00576-00142478-00142732 or on false pretenses infiltrates enemy
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00577-00142733-00142912 lines with the intention of acquiring
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00578-00142913-00143062 intelligence about the enemy and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00579-00143063-00143236 communicate it to the belligerent during
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00580-00143237-00143515 times of war soldiers who penetrate
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00581-00143516-00143731 enemy lines in proper uniforms for the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00582-00143732-00143917 purpose of acquiring intelligence are
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00583-00143918-00144115 not considered spies but are lawful
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00584-00144116-00144292 combatants entitled to be treated as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00585-00144293-00144478 prisoners of war upon capture by the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00586-00144479-00144769 enemy article 30 states that a spy
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00587-00144770-00144988 captured behind enemy lines may only be
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00588-00144989-00145210 punished following a trial however
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00589-00145211-00145480 article 31 provides that if a spy
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00590-00145481-00145690 successfully rejoined his own military
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00591-00145691-00145873 and is then captured by the enemy as a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00592-00145874-00146077 lawful combatant he cannot be punished
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00593-00146078-00146290 for his previous acts of espionage and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00594-00146291-00146467 must be treated as a prisoner of war
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00595-00146468-00146713 note that this provision does not apply
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00596-00146714-00146872 to citizens who committed treason
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00597-00146873-00147019 against their own country or
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00598-00147020-00147205 co-belligerent of that country and may
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00599-00147206-00147424 be captured and prosecuted at any place
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00600-00147425-00147610 or any time regardless whether he
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00601-00147611-00147775 rejoined the military to which he
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00602-00147776-00147964 belongs or not or during or after the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00603-00147965-00148132 war the ones that are excluded from
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00604-00148133-00148306 being treated as spies while behind
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00605-00148307-00148513 enemy lines are escaping prisoners of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00606-00148514-00148714 war and downed Airmen as international
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00607-00148715-00148894 law distinguishes between a disguised
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00608-00148895-00149170 spy and a disguised escaper it is
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00609-00149171-00149338 permissible for these groups to wear
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00610-00149339-00149560 enemy uniforms or civilian clothes in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00611-00149561-00149764 order to facilitate their escape back to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00612-00149765-00149944 friendly lines so long as they do not
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00613-00149945-00150136 attack enemy forces collect military
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00614-00150137-00150343 intelligence or engage in similar
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00615-00150344-00150618 military operations while so disguised
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00616-00150619-00150871 soldiers who are wearing enemy uniforms
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00617-00150872-00150922 are severe
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00618-00150923-00151135 clothes simply for the sake of warmth
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00619-00151136-00151309 along with other purposes rather than
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00620-00151310-00151503 engaging in espionage or similar
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00621-00151504-00151747 military operations while so attired are
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00622-00151748-00151933 also excluded from being treated as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00623-00151934-00152143 unlawful combatants saboteurs are
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00624-00152144-00152302 treated as spies as they to wear
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00625-00152303-00152500 disguises behind enemy lines for the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00626-00152501-00152677 purpose of waging destruction on an
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00627-00152678-00152872 enemy's vital targets in addition to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00628-00152873-00153118 intelligence gathering for example
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00629-00153119-00153340 during world war ii eight german agents
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00630-00153341-00153670 entered the u.s. in june 1942 as part of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00631-00153671-00153931 Operation Pastorius a sabotage mission
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00632-00153932-00154237 against US economic targets two weeks
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00633-00154238-00154426 later all were arrested in civilian
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00634-00154427-00154678 clothes by the FBI thanks to two German
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00635-00154679-00154864 agents betraying the mission to the u.s.
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00636-00154865-00155115 under the Hague Convention of 1907 these
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00637-00155116-00155293 Germans were classified as spies and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00638-00155294-00155503 tried by a military tribunal in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00639-00155504-00155902 Washington DC on August 3rd 1942 all
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00640-00155903-00156100 eight were found guilty and sentenced to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00641-00156101-00156129 death
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00642-00156130-00156429 five days later six were executed by
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00643-00156430-00156583 electric chair at the District of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00644-00156584-00156682 Columbia Jail
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00645-00156683-00156915 two who had given evidence against the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00646-00156916-00157093 others had their sentences reduced by
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00647-00157094-00157329 President Franklin D Roosevelt to prison
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00648-00157330-00157653 terms in 1948 they were released by
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00649-00157654-00157873 President Harry s Truman and deported to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00650-00157874-00158106 the American zone of occupied Germany
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00651-00158107-00158443 the u.s. codification of enemy spies as
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00652-00158444-00158677 article 106 of the Uniform Code of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00653-00158678-00158953 Military Justice this provides a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00654-00158954-00159157 mandatory death sentence if a person
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00655-00159158-00159331 captured in the act is proven to be
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00656-00159332-00159640 lurking as a spy or acting as a spy in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00657-00159641-00159852 or about any place vessel or aircraft
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00658-00159853-00160140 within the control or jurisdiction of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00659-00160141-00160372 any of the Armed Forces or in or about
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00660-00160373-00160627 any shipyard any manufacturing or
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00661-00160628-00160882 industrial plant or any other place or
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00662-00160883-00161113 institution engaged in work in aid of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00663-00161114-00161356 the prosecution of the war by the United
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00664-00161357-00161882 States or elsewhere
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00665-00161883-00162412 topic spy fiction
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00666-00162413-00162661 spies have long been favorite topics for
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00667-00162662-00162889 novelists and filmmakers an early
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00668-00162890-00163126 example of espionage literature as Kim
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00669-00163127-00163329 by the English novelist Rudyard Kipling
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00670-00163330-00163501 with a description of the training of an
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00671-00163502-00163672 intelligence agent in the great game
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00672-00163673-00163885 between the UK and Russia in 19th
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00673-00163886-00164154 century Central Asia and even earlier
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00674-00164155-00164401 work was james fenimore cooper's classic
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00675-00164402-00164701 novel the spy written in 1821 about an
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00676-00164702-00164877 American spy in New York during the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00677-00164878-00165196 Revolutionary War during the many 20th
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00678-00165197-00165427 century spy scandals much information
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00679-00165428-00165649 became publicly known about national spy
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00680-00165650-00165874 agencies and dozens of real-life secret
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00681-00165875-00166171 agents these sensational stories peaked
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00682-00166172-00166369 public interest in a profession largely
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00683-00166370-00166554 off-limits to human interest news
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00684-00166555-00166759 reporting a natural consequence of the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00685-00166760-00167028 secrecy inherent in their work to fill
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00686-00167029-00167245 in the blanks the popular conception of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00687-00167246-00167434 the secret agent has been formed largely
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00688-00167435-00167701 by 20th and 21st century fiction and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00689-00167702-00167986 film attractive and sociable real-life
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00690-00167987-00168216 agents such as Valerie Plame find little
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00691-00168217-00168421 employment in serious fiction however
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00692-00168422-00168706 the fictional secret agent is more often
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00693-00168707-00168777 a loner
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00694-00168778-00169002 sometimes amoral an existential hero
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00695-00169003-00169162 operating outside the everyday
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00696-00169163-00169432 constraints of society loner spy
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00697-00169433-00169648 personalities may have been a stereotype
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00698-00169649-00169813 of convenience for authors who already
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00699-00169814-00169987 knew how to write loner private
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00700-00169988-00170185 investigator characters that sold well
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00701-00170186-00170413 from the 1920s to the present Johnny
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00702-00170414-00170611 fedora achieved popularity as a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00703-00170612-00170800 fictional agent of early Cold War
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00704-00170801-00171015 espionage but James Bond is the most
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00705-00171016-00171216 commercially successful of the many spy
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00706-00171217-00171400 characters created by intelligence
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00707-00171401-00171664 insiders during that struggle his less
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00708-00171665-00171922 fantastic rivals include lagares George
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00709-00171923-00172126 Smiley and Harry Palmer as played by
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00710-00172127-00172360 Michael Caine jumping on the spy
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00711-00172361-00172578 bandwagon other writers also started
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00712-00172579-00172771 writing about spy fiction featuring
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00713-00172772-00173026 female spies as protagonists such as the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00714-00173027-00173233 Baroness which has more graphic action
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00715-00173234-00173422 and sex as compared to other novels
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00716-00173423-00173722 featuring male protagonists it also made
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00717-00173723-00173896 its way into the video game world
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00718-00173897-00174076 hence the famous creation of hideo
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00719-00174077-00174348 kojima the Metal Gear Solid series
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00720-00174349-00174568 espionage has also made its way into
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00721-00174569-00174910 comedy depictions the 1960s TV series
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00722-00174911-00175164 get smart portrays an inept spine while
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00723-00175165-00175462 the 1985 movie spies like us depicts a
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00724-00175463-00175660 pair of none too bright men sent to the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00725-00175661-00175776 Soviet Union to in
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00726-00175777-00176082 esta gate a missile topic world war two
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00727-00176083-00176610 1939 to 1945 topic Cold War era 1945 to
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00728-00176611-00176952 1991 Anderson Nicklaus NOC enigma books
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00729-00176953-00177291 2009 post-cold war era Ishmael Jones the
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00730-00177292-00177489 human factor inside the CIA's
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00731-00177490-00177682 dysfunctional intelligence culture
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00732-00177683-00178062 encounter books 2008 rev 2010 Michael
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00733-00178063-00178287 Ross the volunteer the incredible true
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00734-00178288-00178512 story of an Israeli spy on the trail of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00735-00178513-00178701 international terrorists McClelland and
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00736-00178702-00179100 Stewart 2007 rev 2008 jean-marie
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00737-00179101-00179303 Thibeaux dictionary encyclopedia
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00738-00179304-00179571 international day abbreviations signals
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00739-00179572-00179772 at acronym ease our may at our mom on
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00740-00179773-00180015 gender Mary police services during
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00741-00180016-00180285 Sangamon at services secrets francais at
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00742-00180286-00180544 8 Rangers sp1 edge contrast be one edge
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00743-00180545-00180774 services disick or organizations
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00744-00180775-00181011 revolutionaries at terrorist ace paris
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00745-00181012-00181393 l'harmattan 2015 8 to 7 p topic see also
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00746-00181394-00181614 topic references topic works cited
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00747-00181615-00181998 Johnson John 1997 the evolution of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00748-00181999-00182588 British SIGINT 1653 to 1939 London HMSO
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00749-00182589-00183189 oclc 52 million 130,000 886 Winkler
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00750-00183190-00183546 Jonathan Reed July 2009 information
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00751-00183547-00183820 warfare in World War 1 the journal of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00752-00183821-00183957 military history
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00753-00183958-00184744 73 to 845 - 867 joy 10.1 3 5 3 j MH
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00754-00184745-00185021 point zero point zero three - four
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00755-00185022-00185656 issn 1543 to 7700 95 topic further
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00756-00185657-00185907 reading topic external links ala - fili
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00757-00185908-00186157 basic fearless a fascinating story of
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00758-00186158-00186537 secret medieval spies 2017
+lKCjC8ZR2_c-00759-00186538-00186945 history of an espionage in Russia
+lL1QeInLnpY-00001-00006360-00006511 [Laughter]
+lL1QeInLnpY-00003-00009602-00010060 [Applause]
+lL1QeInLnpY-00004-00010061-00011231 [Music]
+lL1QeInLnpY-00005-00011232-00011579 [Applause]
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00000-00000058-00000308 bio-energy with carbon capture and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00001-00000309-00000611 storage becc s is the process of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00002-00000612-00000869 extracting bio energy from biomass and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00003-00000869-00001085 capturing and storing the carbon the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00004-00001086-00001307 carbon in the trees or crops used for
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00005-00001308-00001504 the biomass comes from the greenhouse
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00006-00001505-00001807 gas carbon dioxide co2 which they
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00007-00001809-00001991 extract from the atmosphere whilst
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00008-00001992-00002459 growing as of 2019 most be CCS stores
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00009-00002460-00002635 the carbon temporarily with the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00010-00002636-00002921 bioenergy in the form of a biofuel such
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00011-00002922-00003317 as ethanol by providing aviation biofuel
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00012-00003318-00003560 and reducing the environmental impact of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00013-00003561-00003884 aviation B II CCS may help with climate
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00014-00003885-00004220 change mitigation alternatively the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00015-00004221-00004438 bioenergy could be used in the form of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00016-00004439-00004670 electricity in the co2 stored
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00017-00004671-00004934 permanently by injection into geological
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00018-00004935-00005222 formations there are other non B e CCS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00019-00005223-00005474 forms of carbon dioxide removal in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00020-00005475-00005702 storage that include technologies such
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00021-00005703-00006013 as by oka carbon dioxide air capture and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00022-00006014-00006331 biomass burial and enhanced weathering
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00023-00006332-00006617 according to a recent bio crow report
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00024-00006618-00007028 there is 550,000 tons co2 per year in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00025-00007029-00007376 total B CCS capacity currently operating
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00026-00007377-00007528 divided between three different
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00027-00007529-00007867 facilities as of January 2012 in the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00028-00007868-00008131 IPCC fourth assessment report by the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00029-00008133-00008296 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00030-00008297-00008741 Change IPCC B II CCS was indicated as a
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00031-00008742-00008984 key technology for reaching low carbon
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00032-00008985-00009221 dioxide atmospheric concentration
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00033-00009222-00009556 targets the negative emissions that can
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00034-00009557-00009812 be produced by B EC CS has been
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00035-00009813-00010058 estimated by the Royal Society to be
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00036-00010059-00010442 equivalent to a 50 to 150 ppm decrease
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00037-00010443-00010634 in global atmospheric carbon dioxide
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00038-00010635-00010903 concentrations and according to the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00039-00010904-00011174 International Energy Agency the blue map
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00040-00011175-00011446 climate change mitigation scenario calls
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00041-00011447-00011651 for more than two Giga tons of negative
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00042-00011652-00012005 co2 emissions per year with B CCS in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00043-00012006-00012449 2050 according to Stanford University 10
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00044-00012450-00012706 Giga tons is achievable by this date the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00045-00012707-00012958 Imperial College London the UK Met
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00046-00012959-00013147 Office Hadley Centre for climate
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00047-00013148-00013343 prediction and research the Tyndall
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00048-00013344-00013382 centre
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00049-00013383-00013597 for climate change research the Walker
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00050-00013599-00013832 Institute for climate system research
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00051-00013833-00014041 and the Grantham Institute for climate
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00052-00014043-00014300 change issued a joint report on carbon
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00053-00014301-00014561 dioxide removal technologies as part of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00054-00014562-00014797 the avoid avoiding dangerous climate
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00055-00014799-00015029 change research program stating that
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00056-00015030-00015362 over all of the technologies studied in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00057-00015363-00015672 this report B EC CS has the greatest
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00058-00015674-00015887 maturity and there are no major
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00059-00015888-00016115 practical barriers to its introduction
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00060-00016116-00016517 into today's energy system the presence
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00061-00016518-00016793 of a primary product will support early
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00062-00016794-00017149 deployment according to the OECD
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00063-00017150-00017509 achieving lower concentration targets
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00064-00017510-00017912 450 ppm depends significantly on the use
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00065-00017913-00018449 of B EC CS an alternative to B CSS is
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00066-00018450-00018755 pyrogenic carbon capture and storage py
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00067-00018756-00019175 CCS or by oka which a superior in order
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00068-00019176-00019454 to fix carbon in a more stable way solid
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00069-00019455-00019825 C for longer times carbon dioxide
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00070-00019826-00020057 injected into geologic formations
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00071-00020058-00020237 eventually leaks back into the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00072-00020238-00020497 atmosphere due to seismic activity and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00073-00020498-00020705 natural faults and problems with the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00074-00020706-00021464 seal of the ancient injection pits
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00075-00021465-00022061 topic negative emission
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00076-00022062-00022369 the main appeal of becc s is in its
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00077-00022370-00022613 ability to result in negative emissions
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00078-00022614-00022936 of co2 the capture of carbon dioxide
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00079-00022937-00023236 from bio energy sources effectively
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00080-00023237-00023469 removes co2 from the atmosphere
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00081-00023470-00023761 bioenergy is derived from biomass which
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00082-00023762-00023983 is a renewable energy source and serves
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00083-00023984-00024219 as a carbon sink during its growth
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00084-00024220-00024578 during industrial processes the biomass
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00085-00024579-00024842 combusted or processed REE releases the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00086-00024843-00025225 co2 into the atmosphere the process thus
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00087-00025226-00025460 results in a net zero emission of co2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00088-00025461-00025708 though this may be positively or
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00089-00025710-00025897 negatively altered depending on the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00090-00025898-00026164 carbon emissions associated with biomass
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00091-00026166-00026420 growth transport and processing see
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00092-00026420-00026733 below under environmental considerations
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00093-00026735-00027037 carbon capture and storage CCS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00094-00027038-00027257 technology serves to intercept the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00095-00027258-00027524 release of co2 into the atmosphere and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00096-00027525-00027752 redirect it into geological storage
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00097-00027752-00028220 locations co2 with a biomass origin is
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00098-00028220-00028445 not only released from biomass fuelled
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00099-00028445-00028673 power plants but also during the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00100-00028674-00028880 production of pulp used to make paper
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00101-00028881-00029117 and in the production of biofuels such
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00102-00029118-00029527 as biogas and bioethanol the B II CCS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00103-00029528-00029783 technology can also be employed on such
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00104-00029783-00030020 industrial processes it is argued that
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00105-00030020-00030311 through the B II CCS technology carbon
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00106-00030312-00030514 dioxide is trapped in geologic
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00107-00030516-00030767 formations for very long periods of time
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00108-00030768-00031025 whereas for example a tree only stores
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00109-00031026-00031345 its carbon during its lifetime in its
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00110-00031347-00031682 report on the CCS technology IPCC
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00111-00031683-00031985 projects that more than 99% of carbon
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00112-00031986-00032239 dioxide which is stored through geologic
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00113-00032241-00032483 sequestration is likely to stay in place
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00114-00032483-00032819 for more than 1,000 years while other
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00115-00032820-00033071 types of carbon sinks such as the ocean
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00116-00033072-00033314 trees and soil may involve the risk of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00117-00033315-00033512 adverse feedback loops at increased
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00118-00033513-00033800 temperatures B II CCS technology is
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00119-00033801-00034031 likely to provide a better permanence by
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00120-00034032-00034367 storing co2 in geological formations the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00121-00034368-00034610 amount of co2 that has been released to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00122-00034611-00034835 date is believed to be too much to be
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00123-00034836-00035042 able to be absorbed by conventional
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00124-00035043-00035288 sinks such as trees and soil in order to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00125-00035289-00035471 reach low emission
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00126-00035472-00035768 in addition to the presently accumulated
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00127-00035769-00035993 emissions there will be significant
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00128-00035994-00036209 additional emissions during this century
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00129-00036210-00036452 even in the most ambitious low emission
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00130-00036453-00036857 scenarios the EC CS has therefore been
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00131-00036858-00037115 suggested as a technology to reverse the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00132-00037116-00037304 emission trend and create a global
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00133-00037305-00037649 system of net negative emissions this
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00134-00037650-00037837 implies that the emissions would not
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00135-00037838-00038105 only be zero but negative so that not
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00136-00038106-00038312 only the emissions but the absolute
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00137-00038313-00038567 amount of co2 in the atmosphere would be
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00138-00038568-00039180 reduced
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00139-00039181-00039593 topic application
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00140-00039594-00040127 you
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00141-00040128-00040669 topic cost
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00142-00040670-00040948 the sustainable technical potential for
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00143-00040949-00041227 net negative emissions with ve CCS has
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00144-00041228-00041476 been estimated to 10 GT of co2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00145-00041477-00041713 equivalent annually with an economic
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00146-00041714-00042022 potential of up to 3.5 GT of co2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00147-00042023-00042253 equivalent annually at a cost of less
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00148-00042254-00042622 than 50 euros per tonne and up to 3.9 GT
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00149-00042623-00042892 of co2 equivalent annually at a cost of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00150-00042893-00043114 less than 100 euros per tonne
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00151-00043115-00043444 currently most schematic de CCS systems
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00152-00043445-00043639 are not cost efficient compared to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00153-00043640-00044047 normal CCS the IPCC states that
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00154-00044048-00044365 estimations for B EC CS cost range from
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00155-00044366-00044905 $60 to 250 dollars per ton of co2 on the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00156-00044906-00045283 other hand normal CCS from coal and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00157-00045284-00045547 natural gas processing costs have been
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00158-00045548-00045855 decreasing to less than $35 per tonne
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00159-00045856-00046264 with limited large-scale testing de CCS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00160-00046265-00046462 faces many challenges to be a
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00161-00046463-00047211 financially viable alternative
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00162-00047212-00047792 topic technology
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00163-00047793-00048119 the main technology for co2 capture from
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00164-00048120-00048362 biotic sources generally employs the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00165-00048363-00048533 same technology as carbon dioxide
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00166-00048534-00048830 capture from conventional fossil fuel
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00167-00048831-00049193 sources broadly three different types of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00168-00049194-00049423 technologies exist post combustion
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00169-00049424-00050237 pre-combustion and oxy fuel combustion
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00170-00050238-00050821 topic oxy combustion
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00171-00050822-00051115 oxy fuel combustion has been a common
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00172-00051116-00051352 process in the glass cement and steel
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00173-00051353-00051700 industries it is also a promising
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00174-00051701-00052051 technological approach for CCS in oxy
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00175-00052052-00052279 fuel combustion the main difference from
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00176-00052279-00052528 conventional air firing is that the fuel
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00177-00052529-00052744 is burned in a mixture of o2 and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00178-00052745-00053166 recycled flue gas the o2 is produced by
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00179-00053167-00053407 an air separation unit asou which
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00180-00053408-00053653 removes the atmospheric n 2 from the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00181-00053654-00054004 oxidizer stream by removing the n2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00182-00054004-00054265 upstream of the process a flue gas with
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00183-00054266-00054516 a high concentration of co2 and water
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00184-00054517-00054775 vapor is produced which eliminates the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00185-00054776-00055041 need for a post-combustion capture plant
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00186-00055041-00055321 the water vapor can be removed by
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00187-00055322-00055582 condensation leaving a product stream of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00188-00055583-00055885 relatively high purity co2 which after
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00189-00055886-00056146 subsequent purification and dehydration
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00190-00056147-00056362 can be pumped to a geological storage
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00191-00056363-00056644 site the key challenges of BC CS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00192-00056645-00056896 implementation using oxy combustion
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00193-00056897-00057109 method is associated with combustion
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00194-00057110-00057448 process for the high volatile content
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00195-00057449-00057724 biomass the mill temperature has to be
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00196-00057725-00057922 maintained at low temperature to prevent
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00197-00057923-00058209 the risk of fire and explosion in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00198-00058210-00058505 addition the flame temperature is lower
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00199-00058507-00058783 therefore the concentration of oxygen
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00200-00058784-00059663 needs to be increased up to 27 to 30%
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00201-00059664-00060251 topic pre-combustion
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00202-00060252-00060519 pre-combustion carbon capture refers to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00203-00060520-00060830 the process of capturing co2 before the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00204-00060832-00061185 energy generations it is often composed
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00205-00061186-00061458 of five operating stations oxygen
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00206-00061459-00061745 generation singers generation co2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00207-00061746-00062054 separation co2 compression and power
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00208-00062055-00062433 generation basically the fuel will first
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00209-00062434-00062682 go through a gasification process by
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00210-00062683-00062922 reacting with oxygen to form a stream of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00211-00062923-00063324 CO and h2 which is Singers the products
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00212-00063325-00063498 will then go through a water gas shift
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00213-00063499-00063957 reactor to form co2 and H to the co2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00214-00063958-00064197 that is produced will then be captured
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00215-00064198-00064473 and the h2 which is a clean source will
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00216-00064474-00064677 be used for combustion to generate
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00217-00064678-00065022 energy the process of gasification
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00218-00065023-00065226 combined with Singer's production is
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00219-00065227-00065480 called integrated gasification combined
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00220-00065482-00065928 cycle IGCC normally it would require an
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00221-00065929-00066204 air separation unit asou to serve as the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00222-00066205-00066564 oxygen source however research proves
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00223-00066565-00066791 that with the same flue gas oxygen
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00224-00066792-00067041 gasification has little advantage over
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00225-00067042-00067272 air gasification and they both have a
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00226-00067273-00067494 similar thermal efficiency of roughly
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00227-00067495-00067893 70% using coal is the fuel source thus
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00228-00067894-00068109 the use of a Sioux is not really
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00229-00068110-00068523 necessary in pre-combustion biomass is
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00230-00068524-00068913 considered sulfur free as a fuel for the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00231-00068914-00069210 pre combustion capture however there are
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00232-00069211-00069426 other trace elements in biomass
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00233-00069427-00069666 combustion such as k and na that could
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00234-00069667-00069864 accumulate in the system and finally
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00235-00069865-00070095 cause the degradation of the mechanical
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00236-00070096-00070449 parts thus further developments of the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00237-00070450-00070659 separation techniques for those trace
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00238-00070660-00071001 elements are needed and also after the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00239-00071002-00071361 gasification process co2 takes up to 13
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00240-00071362-00071553 percent to fifteen point three percent
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00241-00071554-00071835 by mass in the single stream for biomass
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00242-00071836-00072096 sources while it is only one point seven
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00243-00072097-00072321 percent to four point four percent for
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00244-00072322-00072648 coal this limit the conversion of co2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00245-00072649-00072927 co2 in the water gas shift and the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00246-00072928-00073161 production rate for h2 will decrease
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00247-00073162-00073274 accordingly
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00248-00073275-00073563 however the thermal efficiency of the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00249-00073564-00073631 pre combi
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00250-00073632-00073888 in capture using biomass resembles that
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00251-00073889-00074329 of coal which is around 62% to 100%
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00252-00074330-00074624 besides some researchers also prove that
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00253-00074625-00074906 instead of using a biomass water slurry
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00254-00074907-00075179 fuel feed using a dry system is more
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00255-00075180-00075371 thermally efficient and also more
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00256-00075372-00076051 practical for biomass
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00257-00076052-00076634 topic post-combustion
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00258-00076635-00076919 in addition to pre-combustion an oxy
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00259-00076920-00077141 fuel combustion technologies post
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00260-00077142-00077321 combustion is a promising technology
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00261-00077322-00077591 which can be used to extract co2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00262-00077592-00077884 emission from biomass fuel resources
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00263-00077885-00078269 during the process co2 is separated from
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00264-00078270-00078500 the other gases in the flue gas stream
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00265-00078501-00078743 after the biomass fuel is burnt and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00266-00078744-00079091 undergoes separation process because it
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00267-00079092-00079319 has the ability to be retrofitted to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00268-00079320-00079568 some existing power plants such as steam
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00269-00079569-00079766 boilers or other newly built power
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00270-00079767-00080063 stations post combustion technology is
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00271-00080064-00080273 considered as a better option than pre
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00272-00080274-00080597 combustion technology according to the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00273-00080598-00080798 fact sheets u.s. consumption of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00274-00080799-00081005 bioenergy with carbon capture and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00275-00081006-00081290 storage released in March 2018 the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00276-00081291-00081548 efficiency of post combustion technology
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00277-00081549-00081812 is expected to be 95 percent while
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00278-00081813-00082040 pre-combustion and oxy combustion
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00279-00082041-00082319 capture co2 at an efficient rate of 85
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00280-00082320-00082669 percent and 80 7.5 percent respectively
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00281-00082670-00082910 development for current post combustion
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00282-00082911-00083153 technologies has not been entirely done
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00283-00083154-00083486 due to several problems one of the major
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00284-00083487-00083705 concerns using this technology to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00285-00083706-00083996 capture carbon dioxide is the parasitic
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00286-00083997-00084320 energy consumption if the capacity of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00287-00084321-00084557 the unit is designed to be small the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00288-00084558-00084758 heat loss to the surrounding is great
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00289-00084759-00084950 enough to cause too many negative
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00290-00084951-00085283 consequences another challenge of post
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00291-00085284-00085541 combustion carbon capture is how to deal
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00292-00085542-00085763 with the mixtures components in the flue
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00293-00085764-00086021 gases from initial biomass materials
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00294-00086022-00086378 after combustion the mixture consists of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00295-00086379-00086660 a high amount of alkali metals halogens
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00296-00086661-00086921 acidic elements and transition metals
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00297-00086922-00087149 which might have negative impacts on the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00298-00087150-00087476 efficiency of the process thus the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00299-00087477-00087707 choice of specific solvents and how to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00300-00087708-00087917 manage the solvent process should be
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00301-00087918-00088382 carefully designed and operated topic
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00302-00088383-00088796 biofuels in becc s biofuels used in becc
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00303-00088797-00089123 s are versatile including solid biofuels
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00304-00089124-00089518 gaseous biofuels and liquid biofuels
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00305-00089519-00089636 biomass
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00306-00089637-00089897 a type of solid biofuels is the main
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00307-00089898-00090313 feedstock for BCC s currently biomass
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00308-00090314-00090590 sources used in B CCS include
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00309-00090591-00090872 agricultural residues and waste forestry
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00310-00090873-00091081 residue and waste industrial and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00311-00091082-00091298 municipal wastes and energy crops
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00312-00091299-00091563 specifically grown for use as fuel
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00313-00091564-00091991 current B CCS projects capture co2 from
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00314-00091992-00092212 ethanol bio refinery plants and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00315-00092213-00092548 municipal solid waste MSW recycling
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00316-00092549-00093132 center
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00317-00093133-00093725 topic current project
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00318-00093726-00094109 up to date there have been 23 bcc s
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00319-00094110-00094298 projects around the world with the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00320-00094299-00094549 majority in north america and europe
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00321-00094550-00094877 today there are only six projects in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00322-00094878-00095201 operation capturing co2 from ethanol bio
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00323-00095202-00095513 refinery plants and MSW recycling
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00324-00095514-00095966 centers five becs s projects have been
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00325-00095967-00096164 cancelled due to the difficulty of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00326-00096165-00096341 obtaining the permission as well as
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00327-00096342-00096674 their economic viability the cancelled
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00328-00096675-00096941 projects include the White Rose CCS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00329-00096942-00097223 project at Selby UK can capture about
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00330-00097224-00097520 two MT co2 per years from Drax power
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00331-00097521-00097781 station and store co2 at the Bunter
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00332-00097782-00098150 sandstone the roof eg cluster project at
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00333-00098151-00098447 Tanzania planned to capture around 5.0
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00334-00098448-00098900 to 7.0 Mt co2 per years and store co2 at
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00335-00098901-00099182 the saline aquifer the Greenville
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00336-00099183-00099509 project at Ohio USA has capacity of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00337-00099510-00099890 capturing one Mt co2 per years the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00338-00099891-00100141 Wooler project was planned to capture
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00339-00100142-00100639 0.75 mt co2 per years at Washington USA
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00340-00100640-00101003 finally the co2 sink project at Katzen
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00341-00101004-00101593 Germany
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00342-00101594-00102194 topic at ethanol plants
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00343-00102195-00102565 Illinois carbon capture and storage LCCs
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00344-00102566-00102817 is one of the milestones being the first
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00345-00102818-00103151 industrial scale be CCS project in the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00346-00103152-00103531 early 21st century located in Decatur
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00347-00103532-00103988 Illinois USA LCCs captures co2 from
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00348-00103989-00104314 Archer Daniels Midland ADM ethanol plant
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00349-00104315-00104675 the captured co2 is then injected under
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00350-00104676-00104897 the DEP's a line formation at Mount
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00351-00104898-00105347 Simon sandstone LCCs consists of two
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00352-00105348-00105671 phases the first being a pilot project
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00353-00105672-00105977 which was implemented from 11 2011
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00354-00105978-00106520 to 11 2014 phase 1 has a capital cost of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00355-00106521-00106901 around 84 million u.s. dollars over the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00356-00106902-00107110 three-year period the technology
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00357-00107111-00107351 successfully captured and sequestered 1
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00358-00107352-00107641 million tonne of co2 from the ADM plant
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00359-00107642-00108028 to the aquifer no leaking of co2 from
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00360-00108029-00108253 the injection zone was found during this
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00361-00108254-00108551 period the project is still being
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00362-00108552-00108821 monitored for future reference the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00363-00108822-00109046 success of phase 1 motivated the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00364-00109047-00109373 deployment of phase 2 bringing LCCs and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00365-00109374-00109823 B II CCS to industrial scale phase 2 has
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00366-00109824-00110236 been in operation since 11 2017 and also
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00367-00110238-00110458 used the same injection zone that Mount
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00368-00110459-00110833 Simon sandstone as phase 1 the capital
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00369-00110834-00111058 cost for second phase is about two
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00370-00111059-00111257 hundred and eight million u.s. dollars
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00371-00111258-00111614 including 141 million US dollar fund
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00372-00111615-00111947 from the Department of Energy phase 2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00373-00111948-00112208 has capturing capacity about three times
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00374-00112208-00112515 larger than the pilot project phase 1
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00375-00112516-00112868 annually LCCs can capture mourned 1
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00376-00112869-00113233 million tonne of co2 with the largest of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00377-00113234-00113582 capturing capacity LCCs is currently the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00378-00113583-00114002 largest B II CCS project in the world in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00379-00114003-00114290 addition to the LCCs project there are
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00380-00114291-00114541 about 3 more projects that capture co2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00381-00114542-00114871 from the ethanol plant at smaller scales
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00382-00114872-00115279 for example our colonic Kansas USA can
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00383-00115280-00115565 capture 0.18 to 0.2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00384-00115566-00115967 9mt co2 per year's OCAP netherlands can
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00385-00115968-00116408 capture about 0.1 to 0.3 mt co2 per
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00386-00116408-00116648 years and husky energy at canada can
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00387-00116649-00117639 capture 0.09 to 0.1 mt co2 per years
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00388-00117640-00118473 topic at MSW recycling centers beside
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00389-00118474-00118754 capturing co2 from the ethanol plants
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00390-00118755-00118983 currently there are two models in Europe
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00391-00118983-00119229 are designed to capture co2 from the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00392-00119230-00119585 processing of municipal solid waste the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00393-00119586-00119841 Clement rate plant at Oslo Norway used
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00394-00119842-00120083 biogenic municipal solid waste to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00395-00120084-00120497 generate 175 gigawatt hours and capture
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00396-00120498-00120959 315 K tonne of co2 each year it uses
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00397-00120960-00121211 absorption technology with akka solution
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00398-00121213-00121440 advanced day means solvent as a co2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00399-00121441-00121613 capture unit
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00400-00121614-00121958 similarly the ARV dua Verna Netherlands
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00401-00121959-00122196 uses the same technology but it captures
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00402-00122197-00122636 less co2 than the previous model ARV do
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00403-00122638-00123035 Ivan generates around 126 gigawatt hours
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00404-00123036-00123333 and only capture 50 K ton of co2 each
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00405-00123333-00123890 year
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00406-00123891-00124346 topic techno economics of becc s and the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00407-00124347-00124976 teslic project the largest and most
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00408-00124977-00125252 detailed techno economic assessment of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00409-00125253-00125564 becc s was carried out by CMC L
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00410-00125565-00125813 innovations in the test bit group techno
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00411-00125814-00126217 economic study of biomass - CCS in 2012
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00412-00126218-00126494 this project recommended the most
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00413-00126495-00126743 promising set of biomass fueled power
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00414-00126744-00126961 generation technologies coupled with
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00415-00126963-00127157 carbon capture and storage
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00416-00127158-00127510 CCS the project outcomes lead to a
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00417-00127511-00128397 detailed biomass CCS roadmap for the UK
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00418-00128398-00128805 topic challenges
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00419-00128806-00129314 you
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00420-00129315-00130014 topic environmental considerations
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00421-00130015-00130310 some of the environmental considerations
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00422-00130311-00130508 and other concerns about the widespread
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00423-00130509-00130821 implementation of becc s are similar to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00424-00130822-00131172 those of CCS however much of the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00425-00131173-00131409 critique towards CCS is that it may
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00426-00131410-00131634 strengthen the dependency on depletable
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00427-00131635-00131850 fossil fuels and environmentally
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00428-00131851-00132162 invasive coal mining this is not the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00429-00132163-00132423 case with B CCS as it relies on
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00430-00132424-00132741 renewable biomass there are however
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00431-00132742-00133002 other considerations which involve B e
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00432-00133003-00133284 CCS and these concerns are related to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00433-00133285-00133637 the possible increased use of biofuels
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00434-00133638-00133926 biomass production is subject to a range
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00435-00133927-00134163 of sustainability constraints such as
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00436-00134164-00134424 scarcity of arable land and freshwater
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00437-00134425-00134730 loss of biodiversity competition with
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00438-00134731-00134967 food production deforestation and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00439-00134968-00135315 scarcity of phosphorus it is important
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00440-00135316-00135555 to make sure that biomass is used in a
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00441-00135556-00135771 way that maximizes both energy and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00442-00135772-00136068 climate benefits there has been
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00443-00136069-00136359 criticism to some suggested B e CCS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00444-00136360-00136575 deployment scenarios where there would
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00445-00136576-00136788 be a very heavy reliance on increased
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00446-00136789-00137070 biomass input large areas of land would
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00447-00137071-00137340 be required to operate B EC CS on an
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00448-00137341-00137691 industrial scale to remove 10 billion
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00449-00137692-00137991 tons of co2 upwards of 300 million
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00450-00137992-00138261 hectares of land area larger than India
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00451-00138262-00138669 would be required as a result B EC CS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00452-00138670-00138876 risks using land that could be better
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00453-00138877-00139062 suited to agriculture and food
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00454-00139063-00139290 production especially in developing
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00455-00139291-00139650 countries these systems may have other
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00456-00139651-00139929 negative side effects there is however
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00457-00139930-00140196 presently no need to expand the use of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00458-00140197-00140427 biofuels in energy or industry
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00459-00140428-00140688 applications to allow for B EC CS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00460-00140689-00140976 deployment there is already today
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00461-00140977-00141180 considerable emissions from point
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00462-00141181-00141486 sources of biomass derived co2 which
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00463-00141487-00141876 could be utilized for B EC CS though in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00464-00141877-00142128 possible future bioenergy system
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00465-00142129-00142359 upscaling scenarios this may be an
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00466-00142360-00142830 important consideration upscaling B CCS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00467-00142831-00143049 would require a sustainable supply of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00468-00143050-00143280 biomass one that does not challenge our
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00469-00143281-00143403 land water
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00470-00143404-00143796 and food security using bioenergy crops
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00471-00143797-00143999 as feedstock will not only cause
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00472-00144000-00144276 sustainability concerns but also require
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00473-00144277-00144516 the use of more fertilizer leading to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00474-00144517-00144812 soil contamination and water pollution
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00475-00144813-00145086 moreover crop yield is generally
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00476-00145087-00145338 subjected to climate condition ie the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00477-00145339-00145590 supply of this bio feedstock can be hard
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00478-00145591-00145935 to control bioenergy sector must also
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00479-00145936-00146148 expand to meet the supply level of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00480-00146149-00146499 biomass expanding bioenergy would
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00481-00146500-00146688 require technical and economic
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00482-00146689-00147306 development accordingly
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00483-00147307-00147916 topic technical challenges
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00484-00147917-00148182 just as other carbon capture and storage
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00485-00148183-00148420 technologies one of the challenges of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00486-00148421-00148732 applying becc s technology is to find
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00487-00148733-00148975 suitable geographic locations to build
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00488-00148976-00149170 combustion plant and to sequester
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00489-00149171-00149590 captured co2 if biomass sources are not
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00490-00149591-00149779 close by the combustion unit
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00491-00149780-00150024 transporting biomass emits co2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00492-00150025-00150344 offsetting the amount of co2 captured by
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00493-00150345-00150832 B CCS B ECC s also faced technical
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00494-00150833-00151063 concerns about efficiency of burning
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00495-00151064-00151441 biomass while each type of biomass has a
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00496-00151442-00151687 different heating value biomass in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00497-00151688-00152029 general is a low quality fuel thermal
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00498-00152030-00152248 conversion of biomass has a typical
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00499-00152249-00152604 efficiency of 20 to 27 percent
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00500-00152605-00152882 coal-fired plant has an efficiency of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00501-00152883-00153269 about 37 percent for comparison B ECC s
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00502-00153270-00153482 also faces a question whether the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00503-00153483-00153826 process is actually energy positive low
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00504-00153827-00154038 energy conversion efficiency energy
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00505-00154039-00154343 intensive biomass supply combined with
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00506-00154344-00154556 the energy required to power the co2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00507-00154557-00154837 capture and storage unit impose energy
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00508-00154838-00155149 penalty on the system this might lead to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00509-00155150-00155896 a low power generation efficiency
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00510-00155897-00156386 topic potential solutions
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00511-00156387-00156904 you
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00512-00156905-00157471 topic alternative biomass sources
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00513-00157472-00157943 you
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00514-00157944-00158649 topic agricultural and forestry residues
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00515-00158650-00158976 globally there are 14 GT of forestry
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00516-00158977-00159312 residue and 4.4 GT residues from crop
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00517-00159313-00159566 production mainly barley wheat corn
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00518-00159567-00159815 sugarcane and rice are generated every
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00519-00159816-00160152 year this is a significant amount of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00520-00160153-00160362 biomass which can be combusted to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00521-00160363-00160638 generate 26 EJ per year and achieve a
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00522-00160639-00161007 2.8 GT of negative co2 emission through
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00523-00161008-00161427 B CCS utilizing residues for carbon
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00524-00161428-00161676 capture will provide social and economic
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00525-00161677-00162033 benefits to rural communities using
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00526-00162034-00162273 waste from crops and forestry is a way
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00527-00162274-00162474 to avoid the ecological and social
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00528-00162475-00163193 challenges of B e CCS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00529-00163194-00163819 topic municipal solid waste
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00530-00163820-00164185 municipal solid waste MSW is one of the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00531-00164186-00164539 newly developed sources of biomass to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00532-00164540-00164906 current be II CCS plants are using MSW
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00533-00164907-00165271 as feedstocks waste collected from daily
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00534-00165272-00165538 life is recycled via incineration waste
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00535-00165539-00165820 treatment process waste goes through
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00536-00165821-00166045 high-temperature thermal treatment and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00537-00166046-00166237 the heat generated from combusting
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00538-00166238-00166441 organic part of waste is used to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00539-00166442-00166856 generate electricity co2 emitted from
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00540-00166857-00167014 this process is captured through
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00541-00167015-00167359 absorption using Maher for every one
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00542-00167360-00167677 kilogram of waste combusted 0.7
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00543-00167678-00167945 kilograms of negative co2 emission is
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00544-00167946-00168316 achieved utilising solid waste also have
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00545-00168317-00168987 other environmental benefits
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00546-00168988-00169704 topic co-firing coal with biomass
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00547-00169705-00170025 there are currently 200 co-firing plants
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00548-00170026-00170330 in the world including 40 in the US
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00549-00170331-00170607 studies showed that by mixing coal with
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00550-00170608-00170850 biomass we could reduce the amount of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00551-00170851-00171261 co2 emitted the concentration of co2 in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00552-00171262-00171492 the flue gas is an important key to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00553-00171493-00171771 determine the efficiency of co2 capture
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00554-00171772-00172182 technology the concentration of co2 in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00555-00172183-00172401 the flue gas from the co-firing power
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00556-00172402-00172644 plant is roughly the same as coal plant
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00557-00172645-00173040 about 15% 1 this means that we can
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00558-00173041-00173457 reduce our reliance on fossil fuel even
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00559-00173458-00173646 though co-firing will have some energy
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00560-00173647-00173883 penalty it still offers higher net
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00561-00173884-00174099 efficiency than the biomass combustion
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00562-00174100-00174513 plants co-firing biomass with coal will
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00563-00174514-00174738 result more energy production with less
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00564-00174739-00175152 input material currently the modern 500
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00565-00175153-00175383 megawatts coal power plant can take up
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00566-00175384-00175671 to 15% biomass without changing the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00567-00175672-00175959 component of the steam boiler this
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00568-00175960-00176193 promising potential allows co-firing
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00569-00176194-00176424 power plant become more favorable than
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00570-00176425-00176850 dedicated bioelectricity it is estimated
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00571-00176851-00177150 that by replacing 25 percent of coal
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00572-00177151-00177414 with biomass at existing power plant in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00573-00177415-00177684 China in the u.s. we can reduce emission
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00574-00177685-00178056 by 1 GT per year the amount of negative
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00575-00178057-00178308 co2 emitted depends on the composition
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00576-00178309-00178749 of coal and biomass 10% biomass can
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00577-00178750-00179195 reduce 0.5 GT co2 per year and with 16%
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00578-00179196-00179601 biomass can achieve zero emission direct
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00579-00179602-00179688 co-firing
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00580-00179689-00180009 20% biomass give us negative emission of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00581-00180010-00180339 minus 26 kilogram co2 per megawatt hour
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00582-00180340-00180809 from 93 kilogram co2 per megawatt hour
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00583-00180810-00181071 biomass co-firing with Cole has
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00584-00181072-00181328 efficiency near those of coal combustion
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00585-00181329-00181596 co-firing can be easily applied to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00586-00181597-00181848 existing coal-fired power plant at low
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00587-00181849-00182187 cost the implementation of co-firing
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00588-00182188-00182448 power plant on the global scale is still
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00589-00182449-00182790 a challenge the biomass resources have
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00590-00182791-00182973 to meet strictly the sustainability
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00591-00182974-00183096 criteria
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00592-00183097-00183300 the co-firing project would need the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00593-00183301-00183522 support in term of economic and policy
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00594-00183523-00183858 from the government's even though
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00595-00183859-00184056 co-firing plant may be an immediate
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00596-00184057-00184304 solution to solve the global warming and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00597-00184305-00184572 climate change issues co-firing still
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00598-00184573-00184739 has some challenges that need to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00599-00184740-00185061 consider due to the moisture content of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00600-00185062-00185286 biomass it will affect the calorific
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00601-00185287-00185634 value of the combustor in addition high
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00602-00185635-00185879 volatile biomass would highly influence
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00603-00185880-00186084 the reaction rate in the temperature of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00604-00186085-00186321 the reactor especially it may lead to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00605-00186322-00187033 the explosion of furnace
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00606-00187034-00187579 topic policy
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00607-00187580-00187844 based on the current Kyoto Protocol
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00608-00187845-00188038 agreement carbon capture and storage
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00609-00188039-00188254 projects are not applicable is an
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00610-00188255-00188464 emission reduction tool to be used for
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00611-00188465-00188744 the Clean Development Mechanism CDM or
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00612-00188745-00189120 for joint implementation G projects
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00613-00189121-00189409 recognizing CCS technologies as an
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00614-00189410-00189646 emission reduction tool is vital for the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00615-00189647-00189877 implementation of such plants as there
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00616-00189878-00190126 is no other financial motivation for the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00617-00190127-00190471 implementation of such systems there has
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00618-00190472-00190750 been growing support to have fossil CCS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00619-00190751-00191100 and B CCS included in the protocol
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00620-00191101-00191347 accounting studies on how this can be
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00621-00191348-00191677 implemented including B CCS have also
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00622-00191678-00191896 been done the existing policy as
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00623-00191897-00192148 outlined in the 2015 Committee on
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00624-00192149-00192356 climate change report promotes the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00625-00192357-00192652 widespread use of B CCS to achieve the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00626-00192653-00192893 net zero emission goal set by the Paris
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00627-00192894-00193249 agreement if carbon taxes were used to
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00628-00193250-00193537 deploy b e CCS then the revenues from
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00629-00193538-00193765 the climate policies are expected to be
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00630-00193766-00194341 approximately 0.3% GDP by 2030 also
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00631-00194342-00194570 there are some future policies that give
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00632-00194571-00194791 incentives to use bio energy such as
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00633-00194792-00195022 renewable energy directive bread and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00634-00195023-00195298 fuel quality directive fq d which
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00635-00195299-00195589 require 20% of total energy consumption
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00636-00195590-00195893 to be based on biomass bio liquids and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00637-00195894-00196324 biogas by 2020 in February 2018 US
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00638-00196325-00196552 Congress significantly increased and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00639-00196553-00196879 extended the section 45 Q tax credit for
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00640-00196880-00197236 sequestration of carbon oxides this has
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00641-00197237-00197456 been a top priority of carbon capture
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00642-00197457-00197788 and sequestration CCS supporters for
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00643-00197789-00198170 several years it increased 25 dollars
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00644-00198171-00198506 and 70 cents to $50 tax credit per tons
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00645-00198507-00198832 of co2 for secure geological storage and
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00646-00198833-00199258 15 dot 30 cents to $35 tax credit per
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00647-00199259-00199501 tonne of co2 used in enhanced oil
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00648-00199502-00200124 recovery
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00649-00200125-00200727 topic future outlook
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00650-00200728-00201024 in the 2014 ampere modeling project
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00651-00201025-00201210 based on eight different integrated
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00652-00201211-00201477 assessment models the future deployment
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00653-00201478-00201735 of becc s is predicted to meet the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00654-00201736-00201984 future two degrees Celsius scenario in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00655-00201985-00202266 the Paris agreement and the overall
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00656-00202267-00202614 situation seems pretty optimistic in the
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00657-00202615-00202893 middle of the 21st century the scale of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00658-00202894-00203187 the BCC s deployment ranges from zero
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00659-00203188-00203628 mount to 1100 mount co2 per year and by
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00660-00203629-00203850 the end of the century the deployment
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00661-00203851-00204342 ranges from 720 mount to 7500 mount co2
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00662-00204343-00204534 per year while most of the models
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00663-00204535-00204798 predict the scale to be within 1,000
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00664-00204799-00205194 mount to 3000 mount by 2100 a research
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00665-00205194-00205428 group from Stanford University has
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00666-00205429-00205635 modelled the technical potential of B
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00667-00205636-00205996 CCS in the u.s. in the year 2020
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00668-00205998-00206271 according to their calculations about
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00669-00206271-00206484 one third of the potential biomass
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00670-00206485-00206690 production in total is located close
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00671-00206691-00206942 enough to the geological storage site
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00672-00206944-00207194 which results in a co2 capturing
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00673-00207196-00207611 capability of 110 mount 120 mount in
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00674-00207612-00207951 February 2019 the pilot of a B CCS
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00675-00207952-00208200 facility went into operation at Drax
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00676-00208201-00208481 Power Station in North Yorkshire England
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00677-00208482-00208796 the aim is to capture one tonne a day of
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00678-00208798-00209637 co2 from its wood combustion generation
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00679-00209638-00210226 topic see also
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00680-00210227-00210640 by Oh sequestration carbon dioxide
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00681-00210641-00211129 removal carbon negative climate change
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00682-00211130-00211461 mitigation scenarios
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00683-00211462-00211755 Engineering list of emerging
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00684-00211756-00212277 technologies low-carbon economy United
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00685-00212278-00212637 Nations Environment Program virgin earth
+lLj0LtWXtuQ-00686-00212638-00212894 challenge
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00000-00000679-00000966 training stage
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00001-00000967-00001470 your destiny will be determined here
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00002-00001471-00002758 ready
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00003-00002759-00003727 hmm
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00004-00003728-00003847 sonic
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00005-00003847-00004647 hurricane
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00006-00004648-00007087 hurricane
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00007-00007088-00007595 sonic
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00008-00007595-00007846 congratulations congratulations
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00009-00007847-00008095 congratulations congratulations
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00010-00008095-00008335 congratulations congratulations
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00011-00008336-00008719 congratulations
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00012-00008720-00008974 congratulations congratulations
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00013-00008975-00009406 congratulations congratulations
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00014-00009407-00010191 thank you all
+lLVy5-Om-dY-00015-00010192-00010400 you
+lpvUXHTU7cg-00000-00000824-00001420 oh oh no it is our second one man
+lpvUXHTU7cg-00001-00001421-00002176 Ultras eagle
+lpvUXHTU7cg-00002-00002177-00002447 yeah I try reaching out to the devs man
+lpvUXHTU7cg-00003-00002448-00002892 tell him that I did a mistake
+lpvUXHTU7cg-00004-00002893-00003107 thank you
+lpvUXHTU7cg-00005-00003108-00003408 foreign
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00000-00000053-00000326 doomsday devices when used in fiction
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00001-00000327-00000526 are capable of destroying anything from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00002-00000527-00000776 a civilization to an entire universe and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00003-00000777-00000983 may be used for the purpose of mutually
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00004-00000984-00001181 assured destruction or as weapons in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00005-00001182-00001428 their own right examples of such devices
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00006-00001429-00001667 include the Death Star from the Star
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00007-00001668-00001959 Wars film franchise the doomsday machine
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00008-00001960-00002171 seen in the original Star Trek
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00009-00002172-00002443 television series or the atomic powered
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00010-00002444-00002624 stone burners from Frank Herbert's dune
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00011-00002625-00003229 franchise
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00012-00003229-00003776 topic overview
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00013-00003777-00004004 planet-killers function in a variety of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00014-00004006-00004293 ways depending on the series weapons
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00015-00004294-00004464 such as the Death Star and the titular
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00016-00004465-00004722 ship in Lex use a directed-energy weapon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00017-00004723-00004920 capable of obliterating a planet in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00018-00004921-00005220 moments in the game Spore the planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00019-00005221-00005412 killer is an antimatter bomb that is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00020-00005413-00005571 inserted in the center of the planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00021-00005572-00005784 causing the planets core to split into
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00022-00005785-00006042 countless fragments other weapons such
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00023-00006043-00006312 as the shadow planet-killer in Babylon 5
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00024-00006313-00006516 and covenant warships in the Halo series
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00025-00006517-00006852 render a planet uninhabitable the shadow
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00026-00006853-00007092 planet-killer does so by firing missiles
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00027-00007093-00007287 which burrow into the planet's core and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00028-00007288-00007523 detonate causing planet-wide volcanic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00029-00007525-00007698 activity which renders the planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00030-00007698-00008013 lifeless covenant warships used plasma
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00031-00008014-00008208 weapons to superheat the surface of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00032-00008209-00008406 planet the crust is turned into a glass
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00033-00008407-00008544 like substance rendering it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00034-00008545-00008865 uninhabitable in Star Blazers missiles
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00035-00008866-00009054 that can destroy a planet and even a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00036-00009055-00009357 star with a single hit exist some
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00037-00009358-00009603 devices can destroy entire star systems
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00038-00009604-00009912 Nova bombs in Andromeda the Sun crusher
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00039-00009913-00010098 and Centrepointe station in the Star
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00040-00010099-00010329 Wars novels and dr. tolian saurons
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00041-00010330-00010548 trilithium torpedo in Star Trek
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00042-00010549-00010782 generations are all capable of causing a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00043-00010783-00011019 supernova obliterating every planet in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00044-00011020-00011343 the solar system
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00045-00011344-00011616 you
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00046-00011617-00012246 topic planet-killers in fiction
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00047-00012247-00012575 you
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00048-00012576-00013449 topic film and television
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00049-00013450-00013938 topic and dromeda
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00050-00013938-00014187 all Commonwealth warships were equipped
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00051-00014188-00014416 with a limited stock ax Nova bomb
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00052-00014418-00014649 warheads for their missiles one of which
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00053-00014650-00014850 is sufficient to cause a star to Nova
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00054-00014851-00015472 thus destroying its planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00055-00015474-00015978 topic Babylon 5
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00056-00015979-00016278 Babylon 5 the lost tales Centauri
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00057-00016279-00016467 superweapons hinted at by a dream
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00058-00016468-00016697 sequence set 30 years in the future that
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00059-00016698-00017061 Sheridan experiences while only NYC is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00060-00017062-00017250 destroyed in the scene it is implied
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00061-00017251-00017619 that all of Earth gets wiped out shadow
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00062-00017620-00018315 planet-killer Vorlon planet-killer
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00063-00018316-00018768 topic Lex
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00064-00018769-00019041 the Lexx capable of entirely destroying
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00065-00019042-00019377 planets the foreshadow predecessor of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00066-00019378-00019641 the mega shadow reduces the surface of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00067-00019642-00019965 BR un n is 2 into molten slag using a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00068-00019966-00020204 large-scale version of the black pak
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00069-00020205-00020586 weapon often seen in the Lexx series the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00070-00020587-00020805 mega shadow annihilates a nostril B
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00071-00020806-00021009 asteroid base in the surrounding field
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00072-00021010-00021333 in a single-shot mantra' drones they
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00073-00021334-00021507 consume all forms of matter including
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00074-00021508-00022050 planets to replicate themselves
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00075-00022051-00022200 you
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00076-00022201-00022718 topic DC Comics
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00077-00022719-00022967 in Justice League crisis on two earths
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00078-00022968-00023264 the quantum eigenstate device QED is a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00079-00023265-00023489 planet killing or possibly universe
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00080-00023490-00023816 killing weapon most cosmic beings and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00081-00023817-00023996 even some heroes or villains have the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00082-00023997-00024202 power to destroy a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00083-00024203-00024446 Superman has demonstrated the strength
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00084-00024447-00024677 to move or destroy multiple planets and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00085-00024678-00024896 once infamously destroyed a solar system
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00086-00024897-00025124 with a sneeze his heat vision also has
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00087-00025125-00025295 vaporized entire planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00088-00025296-00025577 while Superman's depictions vary from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00089-00025578-00025747 author to author these feats have
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00090-00025748-00025933 appeared in every era of the character
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00091-00025935-00026201 golden silver bronze and modern Age of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00092-00026202-00026545 comics in Green Lantern the animated
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00093-00026547-00026741 series the Red Lantern Corps have a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00094-00026742-00026927 large number of cylindrical devices
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00095-00026927-00027104 called liberators that can disintegrate
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00096-00027105-00027661 a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00097-00027662-00028398 topic Stargate sg-1 Stargate Atlantis
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00098-00028399-00028668 a tainted zero-point module can explode
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00099-00028669-00028848 with enough energy to destroy an entire
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00100-00028849-00029199 solar system project Arcturus an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00101-00029200-00029420 abandoned ancient project capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00102-00029422-00029630 extracting energy from our own universe
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00103-00029631-00029877 unlike a normal zero-point module which
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00104-00029877-00030105 draws energy from subspace would create
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00105-00030106-00030270 exotic particles with unpredictable
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00106-00030270-00030468 properties and would overload to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00107-00030469-00030743 actually destroy approximately 5/6 of a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00108-00030744-00031052 solar system the stargates themselves
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00109-00031053-00031274 are composed of Naqada and if caused to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00110-00031275-00031543 detonate would cause considerable damage
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00111-00031544-00031662 anubis's
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00112-00031663-00031862 ancient weapon that charges a Stargate
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00113-00031863-00032081 powerfully enough that it explodes
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00114-00032082-00032427 stated yield of 2 Giga tons of TNT not
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00115-00032427-00032706 enough to kill a planet a wormhole
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00116-00032707-00032912 passing through a star as capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00117-00032913-00033143 introducing super-heavy elements into it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00118-00033144-00033390 thus destabilizing fusion processes and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00119-00033391-00033621 changing possibly catastrophic ly the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00120-00033622-00034008 climates of planets orbiting it P 3 w 4
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00121-00034009-00034251 v 1 has fallen into a black hole an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00122-00034252-00034433 inbound wormhole to its stargate
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00123-00034434-00034614 propagates the gravitational influence
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00124-00034615-00034917 back to the dialing gate initially this
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00125-00034918-00035130 caused time distortion effects near the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00126-00035131-00035474 gate but as P 3 w 4 v 1 got closer to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00127-00035475-00035655 the black hole objects were pulled into
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00128-00035656-00035868 the gate as of Exodus a gate dialing
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00129-00035869-00036089 from a star would exert such a pull that
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00130-00036090-00036255 it could not only remove matter from the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00131-00036256-00036480 star but do so fast enough to cause it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00132-00036481-00036758 to go supernova The effect of dialing
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00133-00036759-00036927 from a planet at this point was not
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00134-00036928-00037251 described the dakara super weapon in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00135-00037252-00037455 temple of dakara can return all matter
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00136-00037456-00037679 in its range to its component molecules
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00137-00037680-00037989 its range is normally limited to dakara
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00138-00037990-00038205 and its surrounding space however the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00139-00038206-00038379 wave will propagate through the wormhole
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00140-00038380-00038580 of an active Stargate unimpeded by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00141-00038581-00038793 either iris or Goa'uld shield technology
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00142-00038794-00039065 and expand on the far side to cover the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00143-00039066-00039156 planet's surface
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00144-00039157-00039365 but unlike dakara itself the wave will
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00145-00039366-00039636 not propagate into orbit ball however
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00146-00039637-00039887 modified the dakara Stargate using a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00147-00039888-00040121 pack of the d h DS correlative update
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00148-00040122-00040320 function to dial every Stargate in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00149-00040321-00040571 galaxy simultaneously turning the weapon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00150-00040572-00040737 from a strategic threat to a galactic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00151-00040738-00040977 scale super weapon against all planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00152-00040978-00041221 within the Milky Way Stargate Network a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00153-00041222-00041535 Tori mark 9 Naqada enhanced nuclear
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00154-00041536-00041784 weapon has a multi Giga ton
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00155-00041785-00042147 yield anubis's mothership powered with
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00156-00042148-00042371 the eye of raw as well as for other eyes
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00157-00042372-00042656 in full circle
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00158-00042657-00042972 the Asgard managed to destroy hala by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00159-00042973-00043158 causing Hollis son to become a black
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00160-00043159-00043217 hole
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00161-00043218-00043506 the Asgard destroyed their home planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00162-00043507-00043763 to commit mass suicide by unknown means
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00163-00043764-00044061 the Ori priors can turn planets into
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00164-00044062-00044289 point singularities black holes to power
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00165-00044290-00044540 their super dates and did so twice the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00166-00044541-00044742 Tokra have been shown to possess
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00167-00044743-00044970 thermonuclear induction explosives
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00168-00044971-00045186 capable of burrowing to a planet's core
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00169-00045187-00045375 and igniting a reaction to which the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00170-00045376-00045576 planet would explode as shown when they
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00171-00045577-00045864 used it to destroy an ETU the devil you
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00172-00045865-00046215 know GAD mere terraforming ship see
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00173-00046216-00046638 Genesis device below
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00174-00046639-00046787 you
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00175-00046788-00047273 topic Star Trek
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00176-00047274-00047597 general ordered 24 see below indicates
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00177-00047598-00047810 that all Federation starships of Cruiser
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00178-00047811-00048020 size or above were capable of being
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00179-00048021-00049021 planet-killers topic the original series
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00180-00049022-00049474 the doomsday machine general ordered 24
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00181-00049475-00049709 Starfleet order for a starship to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00182-00049710-00049966 destroy all life on an entire planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00183-00049967-00050348 Nomad a small spacecraft resulting from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00184-00050349-00050561 the combination of two unrelated craft
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00185-00050562-00050891 that was able to sterilize entire
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00186-00050892-00051341 planetary populations the amoeba a giant
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00187-00051341-00051551 space dwelling single-cell life-form
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00188-00051552-00051766 capable of annihilating an entire solar
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00189-00051767-00052675 system topic the animated series
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00190-00052676-00052939 a space dwelling life-form that consumes
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00191-00052940-00053608 planets for food topic Star Trek The
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00192-00053609-00053986 Next Generation
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00193-00053987-00054248 toxo that a weapon from the future that
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00194-00054249-00054523 would stop all fusion reactions in a Sun
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00195-00054524-00054902 doctor timmikins torpedo intended to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00196-00054903-00055139 rejuvenate a dying Sun but causing it to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00197-00055140-00055804 go Nova instead topic Star Trek Deep
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00198-00055805-00056199 Space nine
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00199-00056200-00056424 a bomb consisting of trilithium TECA
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00200-00056425-00056622 site and protomatter intended to be
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00201-00056623-00056799 detonated in the Bajoran Sun by a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00202-00056800-00057737 changeling topic Star Trek Voyager
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00203-00057738-00058654 species 8472 bioships topic Star Trek
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00204-00058655-00059010 Enterprise
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00205-00059011-00059220 the Xindi superweapon was a mobile
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00206-00059221-00059421 directed-energy weapon that could reduce
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00207-00059422-00060171 a planet to molten rubble topic Star
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00208-00060172-00060738 Trek movies feature a highly advanced
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00209-00060739-00060957 and powerful living machine evolved from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00210-00060958-00061173 the earth space probe Voyager VIII was
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00211-00061174-00061377 capable of destroying the entire surface
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00212-00061378-00061611 of a planet with plasma based torpedo
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00213-00061612-00061916 like devices it was also capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00214-00061917-00062141 using these devices to reduce ships and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00215-00062142-00062346 space stations into digital patterns
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00216-00062347-00062629 destroying the originals in the process
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00217-00062630-00062859 Genesis device a terraforming
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00218-00062860-00063102 experimental device not intended as a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00219-00063103-00063276 weapon but when it was used on an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00220-00063277-00063486 existing biosphere it destroyed it in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00221-00063487-00063750 the process of creating a new one the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00222-00063751-00063987 process left the planet unstable and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00223-00063988-00064342 eventually exploded trilithium torpedo
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00224-00064344-00064644 used by dr. Tully and Sauron in Star
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00225-00064645-00064872 Trek generations to stop all the fusion
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00226-00064873-00065094 reactions in a star causing it to go
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00227-00065095-00065388 Nova much like the tock saw that red
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00228-00065389-00065634 matter a material capable of creating
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00229-00065635-00065919 black holes it could be used as a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00230-00065920-00066132 killer by being injected into a planet's
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00231-00066133-00066342 core creating a black hole that imploded
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00232-00066343-00066543 the planet by consuming it from the core
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00233-00066544-00066858 outward red matter is also potentially
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00234-00066859-00067041 strong enough to consume a star an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00235-00067042-00067278 example of a ship that used this is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00236-00067279-00067572 Spock's ship the jellyfish the Romulan
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00237-00067573-00067815 mining ship Narada also used the supply
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00238-00067816-00068012 on Spock's ship when they captured it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00239-00068013-00068642 Star Trek 2009
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00240-00068643-00069276 topic Star Trek novels Planet cracker
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00241-00069277-00069495 weapons and Sun killer bombs Diane
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00242-00069496-00069959 Duane's novels
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00243-00069960-00070463 topic Star Wars
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00244-00070464-00070755 imperial star destroyer all imperial
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00245-00070756-00070977 star destroyers later re-envisioned as
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00246-00070978-00071184 imperial class star destroyers were
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00247-00071185-00071400 capable of glassing a planet surface
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00248-00071401-00071628 melting the planet's surface later froze
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00249-00071629-00071802 as a glass-like rock although this
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00250-00071803-00072077 method to months and sometimes years
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00251-00072078-00072321 Centrepointe station Star Wars Expanded
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00252-00072322-00072561 Universe an ancient Space Station
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00253-00072562-00072744 capable of moving planets with its
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00254-00072745-00073170 tractor beams galaxies gun EU a gigantic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00255-00073171-00073362 space cannon firing warheads in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00256-00073363-00073581 hyperspace that reverted to normal speed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00257-00073582-00073866 near the target the special chemicals in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00258-00073867-00074094 the warhead reacted in the planets core
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00259-00074095-00074391 destabilizing the planet mass shadow
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00260-00074392-00074646 generator EU used the gravity of a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00261-00074647-00074826 planet to create a quantum singularity
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00262-00074827-00075195 to stabilizing the planet eclipse class
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00263-00075196-00075507 star destroyer EU a super star destroyer
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00264-00075508-00075708 armed with a less powerful version of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00265-00075709-00076011 the Death Star super laser sovereign
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00266-00076012-00076275 class star destroyer EU a less powerful
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00267-00076276-00076686 version of the Eclipse sun crusher EU a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00268-00076687-00076881 star fire sized ship armed with a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00269-00076882-00077109 torpedo capable of making a star goes
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00270-00077110-00077481 supernova world Devastator EU ships
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00271-00077482-00077697 which consume the material of a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00272-00077698-00077901 using the material to create new war
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00273-00077902-00078318 machines utilizes tractor beams Death
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00274-00078319-00078561 Star a moon sized battle station armed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00275-00078562-00078756 with a super laser capable of destroying
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00276-00078757-00079137 an entire planet darth nihilus EU fed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00277-00079138-00079344 off entire planets destroying all life
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00278-00079345-00079701 on them the old republic imperial order
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00279-00079702-00080024 based delta0 also known as BD z EU
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00280-00080025-00080241 consisted of a sustained orbital
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00281-00080242-00080445 bombardment of all biological and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00282-00080446-00080682 technological assets of a planet the end
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00283-00080683-00081003 result is the total glassine of a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00284-00081004-00081146 surface
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00285-00081147-00081359 Starkiller base an imperial base
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00286-00081360-00081560 converted for first-order planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00287-00081561-00081746 converted super weapon capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00288-00081747-00082094 destroying an entire solar system yogin
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00289-00082095-00082361 score EU a Yuuzhan Vong tactic to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00290-00082362-00082610 destroy a planet using a Dovan basel an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00291-00082611-00082826 organism capable of manipulating a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00292-00082827-00083003 planet's gravity deployed in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00293-00083004-00083183 planet's surface to disrupt a moon's
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00294-00083184-00083363 orbit causing it to crash into the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00295-00083364-00083869 planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00296-00083870-00084343 topic Doctor Who
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00297-00084344-00084565 in the dominators the villains of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00298-00084566-00084750 title tried to destroy the peaceful
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00299-00084751-00084961 planet dull kiss as a fuel source for
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00300-00084962-00085131 their fleet by sending a seed device
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00301-00085132-00085461 into the planets core the pirate planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00302-00085462-00085632 materializes around other planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00303-00085633-00085839 destroying them
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00304-00085840-00086061 additionally the Daleks and Time Lords
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00305-00086062-00086238 have both been shown to be capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00306-00086239-00086451 moving planets and would thus be capable
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00307-00086452-00086682 of relocating a planet into a star
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00308-00086683-00086877 Nova black hole or other inhospitable
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00309-00086878-00087198 location that would destroy it image of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00310-00087199-00087387 the findell reveals the Time Lords
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00311-00087388-00087567 trapped the world of the findell fifth
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00312-00087568-00087771 planet of the solar system in a time
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00313-00087772-00088053 loop in the trial of a Time Lord it is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00314-00088054-00088269 revealed the Time Lords devastated Earth
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00315-00088270-00088425 with a fireball and moved it to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00316-00088426-00088761 light-years around 2 million ad Daleks
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00317-00088762-00088908 have also been stated to have been
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00318-00088909-00089118 responsible for the destruction of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00319-00089119-00089364 doctors home planet of Gallifrey planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00320-00089365-00089559 of the Time Lords though at other points
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00321-00089560-00089733 in the series the impression is given
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00322-00089734-00089931 that the world has rather been removed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00323-00089932-00090198 from reality it is later claimed the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00324-00090199-00090384 doctor destroyed his world to end the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00325-00090385-00090576 time war using the moment thinking it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00326-00090577-00090840 would destroy the Daleks the Daleks have
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00327-00090841-00091014 shown themselves to be capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00328-00091015-00091260 destroying planets in asylum of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00329-00091261-00091554 Daleks they destroyed the Dalek Asylum
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00330-00091555-00091764 with an attack from space in the Daleks
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00331-00091765-00091983 master plan the first doctor uses their
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00332-00091984-00092193 weapon the time destructor against them
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00333-00092194-00092376 turning the jungle planet of Campbell
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00334-00092377-00092694 into a desert in journey's end
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00335-00092695-00092961 Davros and the Daleks attempt to destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00336-00092962-00093153 all universes with the reality bomb
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00337-00093154-00093324 which breaks down matter and is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00338-00093325-00093540 transmitted using stolen planets that
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00339-00093541-00093896 include earth in the end of the world
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00340-00093897-00094128 technology is shown holding the earth
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00341-00094129-00094314 together and preventing the Sun from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00342-00094315-00094476 exploding and thus the earth is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00343-00094477-00094677 destroyed simply by deactivating this
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00344-00094678-00094992 technology the TARDIS has also been
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00345-00094993-00095172 found to have the power to destroy the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00346-00095173-00095358 earth as shown in the Doctor Who film
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00347-00095359-00095517 when the eye of Harmony inside the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00348-00095518-00095889 TARDIS is left open too long in the Big
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00349-00095890-00096153 Bang the TARDIS nearly destroys the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00350-00096154-00096375 universe when it explodes by unexplained
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00351-00096376-00096795 means in the Pandorica opens the hand of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00352-00096796-00097032 omega can be used to destroy planets by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00353-00097033-00097266 manipulating stars as demonstrated on
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00354-00097267-00097578 the Dalek homeworld SCARA the osterhagen
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00355-00097579-00097875 key detonates 25 nuclear weapons in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00356-00097876-00098064 strategic points under the Earth's crust
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00357-00098065-00098402 causing it to rip apart only be used if
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00358-00098403-00098682 humanity were suffering unbearably with
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00359-00098683-00098946 no hope or help ever coming
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00360-00098947-00099404 in the stolen earth end journey's end
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00361-00099405-00099780 the tenth planet set in 1986 features
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00362-00099781-00099984 the Z bomb a weapon that could destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00363-00099985-00100260 the earth at a South Pole base there are
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00364-00100261-00100485 apparently others at strategic positions
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00365-00100486-00100710 around the world the general commanding
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00366-00100711-00100902 the base tries to use it to destroy the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00367-00100903-00101133 planet Mondas while its inhabitants the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00368-00101134-00101313 Cybermen tried to use it to destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00369-00101314-00101514 Earth as Mondas is absorbing too much
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00370-00101515-00101664 energy from Earth which eventually
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00371-00101665-00102047 destroys it in remembrance of the Daleks
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00372-00102048-00102321 the doctor explains that the Dalek
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00373-00102322-00102498 mothership has weapons that could crack
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00374-00102499-00103083 this planet like an egg
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00375-00103084-00103641 topic other film and television
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00376-00103642-00103886 in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the galaxy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00377-00103888-00104119 franchise the Vogon constructor fleet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00378-00104120-00104421 demolishes earth as a contractor would
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00379-00104422-00104622 demolish buildings to make way for a new
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00380-00104623-00104952 construct in John Carpenter's sci-fi
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00381-00104953-00105156 film Dark Star intelligent and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00382-00105157-00105410 philosophically capable exponential
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00383-00105411-00105651 thermos stellar bombs are used to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00384-00105652-00105978 destroy unstable planets which might
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00385-00105979-00106299 threaten future colonization in the Mel
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00386-00106300-00106548 Brooks feature film spoof Spaceballs the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00387-00106549-00106782 Spaceballs starship space ball one is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00388-00106783-00107100 capable of transforming into mega made a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00389-00107101-00107355 robot made in the shape of the Statue of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00390-00107356-00107550 Liberty holding a giant vacuum cleaner
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00391-00107551-00107766 which can suck the air from an entire
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00392-00107767-00108045 planet and thus make it uninhabitable in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00393-00108046-00108279 the film The Chronicles of Riddick
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00394-00108280-00108483 the Necromongers call potential recruits
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00395-00108483-00108654 from planets and kill all those who
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00396-00108655-00108852 remain on the surface by executing their
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00397-00108853-00109200 final protocol a series of gravity based
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00398-00109201-00109392 weapons that flattened everything on the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00399-00109393-00109563 surface of the planet save for the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00400-00109564-00109796 series of monuments that produce them
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00401-00109797-00110091 Hugo Drax his space station in Moonraker
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00402-00110092-00110280 which launches Globes filled with
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00403-00110281-00110454 poisonous gas that would have wiped out
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00404-00110455-00110850 mankind q-bomb from Starship Troopers
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00405-00110851-00111231 three Marauder Unicron a robotic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00406-00111232-00111432 predatory planet from the animated
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00407-00111433-00111695 feature film that transformers the movie
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00408-00111696-00111951 Unicron is a rarity among the planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00409-00111952-00112131 killers on this list and that he is one
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00410-00112132-00112320 of the few which is sentient and can act
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00411-00112321-00112650 and think for himself blue harvest a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00412-00112651-00112941 Family Guy episode spoofing the original
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00413-00112942-00113157 Star Wars movie contains a version of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00414-00113158-00113316 the Death Star which is armed with a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00415-00113317-00113642 planet blower-upper gun
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00416-00113643-00113948 in the Futurama episode I dated a robot
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00417-00113949-00114197 fry blows up a planet with a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00418-00114198-00114506 blowing up machine also in Futurama the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00419-00114507-00114713 beast with a billion backs a weapon is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00420-00114714-00114899 used in a duel between bender and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00421-00114900-00115082 another robot Calculon called a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00422-00115083-00115403 planetary Annihilator throughout there
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00423-00115404-00115640 is also numerous references to Professor
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00424-00115641-00115850 Farnsworth doomsday devices which are
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00425-00115851-00116011 hinted at being powerful enough to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00426-00116013-00116339 destroy planets or more in the British
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00427-00116340-00116555 sci-fi series the Tomorrow People an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00428-00116556-00116761 alien race known as the target of a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00429-00116763-00117053 weapon known as a ripper ray which is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00430-00117054-00117259 allegedly capable of destroying a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00431-00117260-00117608 in the Kurt Russell film soldier one
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00432-00117608-00117854 portable explosive device nicknamed a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00433-00117855-00118060 planet killer is used devastating the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00434-00118061-00118391 planet in the Roger Corman film battle
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00435-00118392-00118483 beyond the stars
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00436-00118484-00118721 the evil Sodor's mothership has a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00437-00118722-00118901 killing super weapon called the stellar
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00438-00118902-00119099 converter which seems to have the effect
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00439-00119100-00119260 of superheating the core of the planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00440-00119261-00119477 causing a delayed explosion where it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00441-00119478-00119785 incinerates from the inside out in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00442-00119786-00120029 TV series earth final conflict the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00443-00120030-00120224 Jerome's have a planet killer and have
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00444-00120225-00120431 destroyed thousands of tale on occupied
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00445-00120432-00120680 planets including their homeworld the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00446-00120681-00120851 video archive of all the planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00447-00120852-00121079 destroyed one after another as seen by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00448-00121080-00121271 William Boone but at the time he doesn't
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00449-00121272-00121439 understand what it is until the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00450-00121440-00121636 circumstances are explained to him later
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00451-00121638-00121946 by Dawn in the science fiction feature
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00452-00121947-00122171 film the core project destiny was
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00453-00122172-00122369 designed as a tactical weapon but had
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00454-00122370-00122558 the unforeseen effect of ceasing the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00455-00122558-00122753 rotation of the Earth's magnetic core
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00456-00122754-00122959 causing catastrophe and threatening to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00457-00122960-00123136 end all life on Earth unless the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00458-00123138-00123413 rotation could be restarted in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00459-00123414-00123608 science fiction feature film men in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00460-00123608-00123842 black - Sara Lena's ship is seen making
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00461-00123843-00124058 vengeful blasts on search planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00462-00124058-00124250 causing an icy one to shatter and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00463-00124251-00124538 another to implode the displacement
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00464-00124539-00124783 engine in the TV series Farscape as a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00465-00124784-00125006 device which employs a wormhole to draw
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00466-00125007-00125219 a large mass of fusing plasma from the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00467-00125220-00125410 core of a star and then deploys it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00468-00125411-00125696 against a target the device is described
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00469-00125697-00125927 as being able to destroy a solar system
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00470-00125928-00126203 a major plot of the series is that the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00471-00126204-00126385 knowledge of wormholes contained in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00472-00126386-00126566 head of John Crichton can be used to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00473-00126567-00126743 create a planet killing weapon in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00474-00126744-00126977 Farscape the Peacekeeper Wars Crichton
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00475-00126978-00127038 finally
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00476-00127039-00127227 builds and activates such a weapon to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00477-00127228-00127433 show that it is much worse it is in fact
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00478-00127434-00127743 a galaxy killer under threat of everyone
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00479-00127744-00127908 being consumed by the weapon he
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00480-00127908-00128106 convinces the peacekeepers and scarrans
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00481-00128107-00128336 to pursue peace negotiations in return
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00482-00128338-00128652 for him turning it off in the German TV
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00483-00128653-00128901 series round pay truly a weapon called
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00484-00128902-00129129 overkill was used to destroy an object
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00485-00129130-00129410 the size of a planetoid the explosion
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00486-00129411-00129597 seems to be strong enough to destroy a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00487-00129598-00129924 planet as well blue colored bomb with
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00488-00129925-00130166 small red spheres floating around inside
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00489-00130167-00130401 consisting of a three-dimensional matter
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00490-00130402-00130590 shell and a 9th dimensional matter
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00491-00130591-00131036 inside featured in supernova mm the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00492-00131038-00131259 Soviet Union's doomsday machine in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00493-00131260-00131595 Stanley Kubrick film dr. Strangelove the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00494-00131596-00131823 dr --yj mothership in the animated
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00495-00131824-00132045 feature film titan AE destroyed the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00496-00132046-00132384 planet earth the Megas XLR episode
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00497-00132385-00132621 breakout features a gigantic alien known
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00498-00132622-00133026 as gir kept the planet killer in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00499-00133027-00133242 episode doomsday is tomorrow of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00500-00133243-00133482 series the Bionic Woman Jaime Sommers
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00501-00133483-00133707 attempts to stop a doomsday device set
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00502-00133708-00133908 up by a scientist who wants an end to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00503-00133909-00134124 nuclear weapons testing while she and a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00504-00134125-00134358 Soviet agent race to get the job done a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00505-00134359-00134571 Middle Eastern leader skeptical of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00506-00134572-00134781 claim of such a device proceeds with his
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00507-00134782-00135015 nation's first nuclear weapon test as an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00508-00135016-00135339 atmospheric explosion in Ben 10 alien
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00509-00135340-00135615 force the incursean race has a super
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00510-00135616-00135884 weapon called the incursion conquest ray
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00511-00135885-00136164 which emperor milius uses to destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00512-00136165-00136350 pluto and threatened to use against
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00513-00136351-00136533 earth should princess attea not be
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00514-00136534-00136848 returned when princess attea overthrows
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00515-00136849-00136911 her father
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00516-00136912-00137133 however she plans to use it to destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00517-00137134-00137283 earth though ben and his team are
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00518-00137284-00137568 ultimately able to stop her in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00519-00137569-00137826 french animated TV series once upon a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00520-00137827-00137981 time
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00521-00137982-00138235 space the androids of the planet Yama
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00522-00138236-00138424 use ships that connect themselves to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00523-00138425-00138620 form a much larger one that fires a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00524-00138621-00138833 laser with enough firepower to destroy a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00525-00138834-00139273 planet in space invaders the DoD donut
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00526-00139274-00139459 of destruction is a ring shaped device
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00527-00139460-00139663 which the aliens claim would destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00528-00139664-00139846 earth but leave them unharmed as they
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00529-00139847-00140113 would be in the center of the blast upon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00530-00140114-00140329 activation the device fails to detonate
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00531-00140330-00140512 but instead falls apart having been
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00532-00140513-00140839 improperly assembled the aludium pu-36
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00533-00140840-00141139 explosive space modulator in the classic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00534-00141140-00141462 Bugs Bunny Shorthair devil hare in 1948
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00535-00141463-00141700 Marvin the Martian wanted to use it to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00536-00141701-00141913 blow up earth because as he said it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00537-00141914-00142261 obstructs my view of Venus the explosive
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00538-00142262-00142447 was in the form of a small red stick
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00539-00142448-00142643 that resembled dynamite that was screwed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00540-00142644-00142960 into a large telescope like machine the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00541-00142961-00143221 Sun harvester in Transformers Revenge of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00542-00143222-00143476 the Fallen this is hidden inside one of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00543-00143477-00143677 the pyramids in Egypt and uses the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00544-00143678-00143899 matrix to power up destroying the Sun to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00545-00143900-00144184 turn it into Energon in the tokusatsu
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00546-00144185-00144436 kaiju film Ghidorah the three-headed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00547-00144437-00144571 monster king ghidorah
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00548-00144572-00144784 attacked venus mars on the english dub
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00549-00144785-00144999 leaving the planet uninhabitable a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00550-00145000-00145252 variant version of King Ghidorah from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00551-00145253-00145486 the rebirth of Mothra film trilogy sees
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00552-00145487-00145706 the creature wiping out all dinosaurs on
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00553-00145707-00145915 earth effectively acting as a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00554-00145916-00146132 killer in this respect the life returns
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00555-00146133-00146266 to the planet and is eventually
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00556-00146267-00146614 dominated by humanity King Ghidorah like
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00557-00146615-00146851 Unicron listed above stands out from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00558-00146852-00147040 others on this list for being a living
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00559-00147041-00147241 creature something few other planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00560-00147242-00147433 killers on this list have in common with
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00561-00147434-00147765 it in the British sci-fi series space
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00562-00147766-00148060 1999 season 2 opening episode the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00563-00148061-00148121 metamorph
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00564-00148122-00148331 commander coning orders general order
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00565-00148332-00148564 for which Tony verda she reveals us a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00566-00148565-00148832 coded signal to destroy the place it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00567-00148833-00149120 originated from and subsequently
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00568-00149121-00149296 launches an eagle what the villain of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00569-00149297-00149570 the episode mentor reveals us a robot
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00570-00149571-00149887 device designed to destroy Seiken one
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00571-00149888-00150061 can assume that the Eagle was heavily
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00572-00150062-00150289 equipped with nuclear charges sufficient
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00573-00150290-00150494 enough to at least destroy life on the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00574-00150495-00150808 planet in Green Lantern the animated
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00575-00150809-00151043 series the Red Lantern Corps ship dubbed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00576-00151044-00151249 chard carried giant monolith shaped
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00577-00151250-00151372 devices called
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00578-00151373-00151667 planet-killers that were bombs capable
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00579-00151668-00151985 of destroying entire planets the dark
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00580-00151986-00152183 heart from Justice League Unlimited a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00581-00152184-00152501 WMD from an unknown civilization this
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00582-00152502-00152732 robotic entity is sent to an enemy world
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00583-00152733-00152924 where it will consume any materials
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00584-00152925-00153122 around it until it consumes the entire
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00585-00153123-00153379 planet this war machine was never
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00586-00153380-00153608 deactivated so it continued to consume
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00587-00153609-00153812 planets until it was stopped on earth by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00588-00153813-00154073 the Justice League in the Day the Earth
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00589-00154074-00154343 Stood Still the robot Gort is capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00590-00154344-00154566 destroying the earth according to Klaatu
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00591-00154567-00154868 plan 9 from outer space mentions the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00592-00154869-00155078 soul erinite a weapon so devastating
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00593-00155079-00155306 that if detonated it cut explode the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00594-00155307-00155573 atoms of sunlight and destroy the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00595-00155574-00155804 universe it is implied that humanity
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00596-00155805-00155996 will inevitably discover how to make the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00597-00155997-00156244 soul erinite unless prevented by aliens
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00598-00156245-00156536 the ball an episode of the Disney
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00599-00156537-00156791 animated series wander over yonder
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00600-00156792-00157037 introduces the world Buster abbreviated
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00601-00157038-00157291 as Buster a playful space dwelling puppy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00602-00157292-00157475 who is bigger than a planet and does not
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00603-00157476-00157670 realize that the balls he likes to play
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00604-00157671-00157940 with our inhabited worlds the only
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00605-00157941-00158120 solution for the inhabitants of these
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00606-00158121-00158321 worlds as to colonize the surface of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00607-00158322-00158501 Buster himself which turns out to be
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00608-00158502-00158822 congenial for life in the tick there was
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00609-00158823-00159090 the Galactus parody omnipotence
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00610-00159091-00159339 in the Marvel Cinematic Universe Thanos
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00611-00159340-00159552 acquires the Infinity Gauntlet which has
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00612-00159553-00159738 the power to eradicate half of all
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00613-00159739-00159943 sentient life in the universe once he
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00614-00159944-00160176 acquires all six Infinity stones adds
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00615-00160177-00160350 them to the gauntlet and snaps his
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00616-00160351-00160543 fingers with it as demonstrated in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00617-00160544-00161298 2018 film Avengers infinity war
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00618-00161299-00161799 topic literature
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00619-00161800-00162033 the deplorable word as used in The
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00620-00162034-00162129 Magician's Nephew
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00621-00162130-00162393 by author CS Lewis is a magical curse
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00622-00162394-00162567 which ends all life in the fictional
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00623-00162568-00162735 world of chard except that of the one
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00624-00162736-00163140 who speaks it c omnis i'd obliterators
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00625-00163141-00163338 used by honored mat rays in frank
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00626-00163339-00163641 herbert's chapter house doon 1985 and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00627-00163642-00163827 later sequels by other authors are
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00628-00163828-00163998 capable of combusting the entire
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00629-00163999-00164199 atmosphere of a planet and ultimately
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00630-00164200-00164559 its full surface stone burners a type of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00631-00164560-00164754 nuclear weapon which could potentially
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00632-00164755-00164964 destroy a planet by burning into and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00633-00164965-00165147 destroying a planet's core in the dune
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00634-00165148-00165474 universe Vogon constructor fleets in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00635-00165475-00165741 Hitchhiker's Guide to the galaxy Vogons
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00636-00165742-00165936 civil services are not only able to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00637-00165937-00166164 demolish entire planets but have means
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00638-00166165-00166389 and cost to do so regularly to create
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00639-00166390-00166692 and maintain hyperspace bypasses the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00640-00166693-00166908 earth falls victim to one such fleet in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00641-00166909-00167073 the beginning of the story to make way
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00642-00167074-00167367 for a hyperspace Expressway the radio
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00643-00167368-00167703 book and the 1981 TV series versions of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00644-00167704-00167889 the story referred to demolition beams
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00645-00167890-00168051 though the mechanism is not shown
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00646-00168052-00168366 distinctly in the 2005 film there is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00647-00168367-00168561 also the ultimate weapon designed by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00648-00168562-00168795 hacked are a giant space born computer
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00649-00168796-00169050 it is a very small bomb that when
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00650-00169051-00169233 activated will join the heart of every
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00651-00169234-00169410 major Sun with the heart of every other
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00652-00169411-00169635 major Sun turning the universe into one
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00653-00169636-00169877 gigantic hyperspatial supernova the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00654-00169878-00170109 weapon was designed for a race of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00655-00170110-00170349 extinct aliens but was taken up again by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00656-00170350-00170553 the inhabitants of the planet cricket so
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00657-00170554-00170715 as to wipe out all other life in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00658-00170716-00170913 universe and permit them to be the only
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00659-00170914-00171219 remaining inhabitants also the cricket
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00660-00171220-00171444 battle clubs can destroy major Suns with
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00661-00171445-00171711 their hyper nuclear grenades lastly
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00662-00171712-00171915 although not typically considered part
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00663-00171916-00172137 of the main five book trilogy the short
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00664-00172138-00172338 story young Zaphod plays it safe
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00665-00172339-00172578 mentions Zaphod passing by the doors of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00666-00172579-00172752 rooms filled with chemical and other
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00667-00172753-00172971 agents that could sterilize irradiate
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00668-00172972-00173259 explode etc planet he then remarks that
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00669-00173260-00173477 he is therefore glad he is not a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00670-00173478-00173766 the inhibitor machines from Alastair
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00671-00173767-00173967 Reynolds revelation space series of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00672-00173968-00174195 novels were capable of consuming worlds
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00673-00174196-00174375 over time to convert to copies of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00674-00174376-00174597 themselves or to create weapons capable
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00675-00174598-00174882 of utilizing stars to destroy planets eg
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00676-00174883-00175083 venting stellar core material in a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00677-00175084-00175132 column
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00678-00175133-00175459 to burn away planetary crusts in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00679-00175460-00175773 same series the green fly machines
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00680-00175774-00175986 developed by humans as terraformers
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00681-00175987-00176175 instead go rogue and start eating
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00682-00176176-00176391 planets by reducing them to their atoms
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00683-00176392-00176553 and rebuilding them into more such
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00684-00176554-00176746 machines as well as numerous domes
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00685-00176747-00177046 filled with vegetation the spacer
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00686-00177047-00177288 nuclear reaction intensifier in Isaac
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00687-00177289-00177741 Asimov's robots and Empire 1985 Stephen
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00688-00177742-00177922 Baxter's moon seed a virus like
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00689-00177923-00178171 microscopic object or substance made
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00690-00178172-00178386 from it that transforms substances into
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00691-00178387-00178611 more copies of itself and thus consumes
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00692-00178612-00178835 Venus and then the earth by doing so
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00693-00178836-00179107 Baxter has also employed geomagnetic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00694-00179108-00179337 storms see Sun storm and larger
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00695-00179338-00179572 Universal Constructors see evolution as
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00696-00179573-00179952 planet-killers in Stephen Baxter's zle
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00697-00179953-00180174 sequence the zle have a handgun sized
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00698-00180175-00180414 weapon capable of destroying stars and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00699-00180415-00180706 neutron stars also during their final
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00700-00180707-00181011 war with humanity from 700,000 ad the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00701-00181012-00181219 CLE built giant Dyson shells around
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00702-00181220-00181428 every single star in the Milky Way
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00703-00181429-00181647 this forces the human inhabitants of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00704-00181648-00181953 worlds to flee as the planets freeze the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00705-00181954-00182139 glass cloth built in Terry Pratchett's
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00706-00182140-00182352 Discworld novel thief of time was
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00707-00182353-00182545 effectively a doomsday device although
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00708-00182546-00182751 its intended effect was to permanently
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00709-00182752-00182964 freeze time on an entire world rather
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00710-00182965-00183213 than outright destroying it the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00711-00183214-00183457 neutronium Alchemist Peter F Hamilton's
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00712-00183458-00183769 the Knights don trilogy quantum busters
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00713-00183770-00184020 in Peter F Hamilton's Commonwealth Saga
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00714-00184021-00184543 at least six methods in EE doc Smith's
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00715-00184544-00184991 lensman saga super atomic bombs
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00716-00184992-00185373 rendering a planet loose inertialess and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00717-00185374-00185628 directing it into a star aah
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00718-00185629-00185961 Nutcracker maneuvering to loose planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00719-00185962-00186306 to crush a third ah 'no gasps fear an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00720-00186307-00186553 antimatter planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00721-00186554-00186814 north space planets from other
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00722-00186815-00187039 dimensions which travel at superluminal
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00723-00187040-00187249 speeds and can be used to ramp planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00724-00187250-00187480 or stars creating supernovas there was
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00725-00187481-00187681 even the worrying possibility that these
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00726-00187682-00187888 could cause the Big Crunch in zero time
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00727-00187889-00188311 ah Sunbeam a way of concentrating most
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00728-00188312-00188530 of a sun's energy output into a narrow
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00729-00188531-00188812 beam this one a defensive only weapon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00730-00188813-00189004 against nutcrackers in the gasps fierce
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00731-00189005-00189184 ofthese the end space planet is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00732-00189185-00189373 considered the most lethal as its speed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00733-00189374-00189586 and interdimensional nature leaves no
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00734-00189587-00189748 means to defend against it this
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00735-00189749-00189952 knowledge precipitates the final battle
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00736-00189953-00190279 in children of the lens device ultimate
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00737-00190280-00190582 in the Xenocide mission in Kevin J
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00738-00190583-00190807 Anderson saga of the seven Suns the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00739-00190808-00191008 ongoing war between the Pharos and hide
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00740-00191009-00191200 rogues see entire Suns having their
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00741-00191201-00191515 cores frozen in Orson Scott Card's
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00742-00191516-00191755 Ender's Game the MD molecular disruption
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00743-00191756-00192130 device or little doctor generates a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00744-00192131-00192298 field inside in which it is impossible
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00745-00192299-00192655 for atoms to coexist in a molecule the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00746-00192656-00192886 field propagates in a chain reaction and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00747-00192887-00193111 essentially destroys all matter until it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00748-00193112-00193417 reaches pure space this was intended for
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00749-00193418-00193585 ship-to-ship combat but was eventually
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00750-00193586-00193906 used to destroy an entire planet in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00751-00193907-00194164 Daniel Edwards division Planet eaters
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00752-00194165-00194389 focus gravity onto a planet ripping it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00753-00194390-00194677 apart this technology is used on earth
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00754-00194678-00194911 destroying it utterly several other
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00755-00194912-00195190 planet killers are mentioned in EE
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00756-00195191-00195406 Smith's the Skylark of space series
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00757-00195407-00195604 various planet killers are used or
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00758-00195605-00195892 discussed throwing planets and moons out
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00759-00195893-00196144 of orbit incredibly high-yield atomic or
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00760-00196145-00196312 copper bombs near-instantaneous
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00761-00196313-00196555 dematerialization of physical objects
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00762-00196556-00196753 and the teleporting of close to 50
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00763-00196754-00196942 billion stars in order to wipe out a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00764-00196943-00197194 galaxy-wide alien civilization are all
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00765-00197195-00197521 used in greg bears the forge of god
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00766-00197522-00197749 alien aggressors inject two high mass
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00767-00197750-00197965 weapons made of neutronium and anti
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00768-00197966-00198148 neutronium into the earth which orbit
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00769-00198149-00198304 the Earth's core until they meet and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00770-00198305-00198634 annihilate destroying the planet l ron
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00771-00198635-00198955 Hubbard's Battlefield Earth 1982 planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00772-00198956-00199171 buster tactical nuclear weapons are
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00773-00199172-00199372 teleported to a distant planet where
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00774-00199373-00199546 they are contained in protective force
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00775-00199547-00199744 field that directs the blast into the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00776-00199745-00199888 mined out and somewhat Hollow
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00777-00199889-00200195 planet it first causes apocalyptic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00778-00200196-00200407 volcanic activity as half of the bombs
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00779-00200408-00200620 force breaks the crust and reaches the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00780-00200621-00200782 core and the rest creates such
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00781-00200783-00200938 temperature and pressure that it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00782-00200939-00201148 undergoes nuclear fusion and becomes a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00783-00201149-00201443 star Battlefield Earth also features a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00784-00201444-00201727 device known as the cyclo ultimate bomb
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00785-00201728-00202009 which when activated causes all matter
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00786-00202010-00202186 it touches to break down into hydrogen
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00787-00202187-00202408 atoms technically efficient although
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00788-00202409-00202568 there is no mention of release or
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00789-00202569-00202858 absorption of energy the device featured
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00790-00202859-00203053 at its core a sphere of extremely dense
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00791-00203054-00203284 metal with an atomic number considerably
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00792-00203285-00203503 larger than any listed on any periodic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00793-00203504-00203815 table of elements this device was used
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00794-00203816-00204037 on a moon which was consumed faster than
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00795-00204038-00204214 ships based on that moon could launch
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00796-00204215-00204499 the resulting cloud of hydrogen later
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00797-00204500-00204668 compressed under its own gravity
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00798-00204669-00204979 analogous to a gas giant planet it is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00799-00204980-00205162 implied that it developed electron
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00800-00205163-00205381 degeneracy as it was described as having
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00801-00205382-00205609 an electric field of uncountable
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00802-00205610-00205861 quintillions of mega volts and would
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00803-00205862-00206044 vaporize anything that approached it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00804-00206046-00206231 with an electric arc
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00805-00206232-00206473 in the gore novel series by john norman
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00806-00206475-00206741 specifically tribesmen of gore the alien
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00807-00206742-00206960 curry deploy a weapon apparently housed
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+lPS6EGIT6eA-00809-00207186-00207473 planet if it had been put to use it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00810-00207473-00207619 would have to have rendered the planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00811-00207621-00207844 uninhabitable not only to humans but
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00812-00207846-00208004 also to the priests Kings who were
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00813-00208005-00208255 sheltered deep inside a mountain range
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00814-00208256-00208592 Nova bombs Starship Troopers Andromeda
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00815-00208592-00208946 TV series relativistic projectiles
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00816-00208946-00209189 Charles Pellegrino and Georgia broths
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00817-00209190-00209531 Keys The Killing Star the electron pump
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00818-00209532-00209846 Isaac Asimov's the gods themselves not
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00819-00209846-00210041 precisely a weapon per se the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00820-00210042-00210230 destruction it produces as a side effect
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00821-00210231-00210482 albeit one the creators are aware of and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00822-00210483-00210683 consider acceptable since it will also
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00823-00210684-00210937 produce a great deal of usable energy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00824-00210938-00211238 the Dahak class planetoid of the line
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00825-00211239-00211504 David Webber's heirs of Empire trilogy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00826-00211505-00211757 two of David Webber's books the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00827-00211758-00211937 Armageddon inheritance and the Shiva
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00828-00211938-00212141 option feature inhabited planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00829-00212142-00212360 biospheres destroyed by the impact of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00830-00212361-00212546 asteroids or moons on deliberately
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00831-00212546-00212864 modified intersecting orbits throughout
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00832-00212865-00213113 David Webber's honover series just about
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00833-00213114-00213308 any warship has the potential to wipe
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00834-00213309-00213496 out all higher life on a planet by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00835-00213498-00213662 kinetic bombardment and this has
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00836-00213663-00214064 happened in the past STAAR platforms the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00837-00214065-00214259 blank horizon originally used for
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00838-00214260-00214460 faster-than-light communication by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00839-00214461-00214685 artificially generating a molecule sized
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00840-00214686-00214925 wormhole are capable of focusing over
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00841-00214926-00215146 1,000 kilometres square of a star's
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00842-00215148-00215381 surface output into a beam a little over
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00843-00215382-00215537 two centimetres wide reaching
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00844-00215538-00215807 temperatures in excess of 4.2 billion
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00845-00215808-00216008 degrees which could theoretically cut a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00846-00216009-00216236 planet apart and combust its atmosphere
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00847-00216237-00216494 this is never put into practice however
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00848-00216494-00216748 as the platforms are self-destructed to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00849-00216750-00216911 prevent them from being captured and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00850-00216912-00217181 used against their creators in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00851-00217182-00217415 looking-glass series by John Ringo and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00852-00217416-00217676 Travis s Taylor the alien dream possess
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00853-00217677-00217877 an explosive powerful enough to destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00854-00217878-00218156 planets and the alien black box starship
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00855-00218157-00218360 drive will generate a field capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00856-00218361-00218564 destroying entire star systems if
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00857-00218565-00218888 exposed to high voltage electricity the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00858-00218889-00219071 demo leo is a bomb which can shatter
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00859-00219071-00219275 planets in Brian Herbert's time Webb
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00860-00219276-00219411 Chronicles
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00861-00219412-00219687 the supernovae Mathew Riley's temple a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00862-00219688-00219917 weapon based off a fictional radioactive
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00863-00219919-00220179 element the weapon was described to be
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00864-00220180-00220371 able to destroy 1/3 of the mass of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00865-00220371-00220635 planet the element used as the core of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00866-00220636-00220844 the device is only found rarely in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00867-00220846-00221085 meteorites only one active sample has
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00868-00221086-00221286 ever been found and is being pursued by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00869-00221287-00221490 the American military and several
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00870-00221491-00221817 terrorist organizations ice 9 in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00871-00221817-00222048 novel cat's cradle by Kurt Vonnegut as a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00872-00222048-00222219 solid form of water at ambient
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00873-00222219-00222494 temperature it causes the end of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00874-00222496-00222657 earth when some of it falls into the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00875-00222658-00222858 ocean causing a chain reaction that
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00876-00222859-00223067 transforms all the water on earth into
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00877-00223069-00223437 ice 9 quark bombs in the novel Lord from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00878-00223438-00223671 the planet Earth by Sergei Lukashenko a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00879-00223671-00223935 group of radical cultists from another
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00880-00223936-00224133 planet wanted to destroy Earth with a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00881-00224134-00224294 quark bomb but are foiled by the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00882-00224296-00224661 protagonists the Q bomb a prototype
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00883-00224662-00224862 doomsday device that could destroy the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00884-00224863-00225017 world if triggered in the mouse that
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00885-00225019-00225339 roared a 1955 novel by Irish American
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00886-00225340-00225615 writer Leonard webberley in Chris
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00887-00225616-00225831 Wally's Lam among the star novels a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00888-00225832-00226065 polyvalent fusion bomb is capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00889-00226066-00226269 rendering a planet inhospitable due to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00890-00226269-00226514 radiation if detonated in a solar system
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00891-00226515-00226812 project daybreak was intended to inject
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00892-00226813-00226994 one into the core of a star with an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00893-00226996-00227235 estimated blast radius of several dozen
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00894-00227236-00227562 light-years in M Andrus prongs book
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00895-00227563-00227775 Halley cork and the blue door two forms
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00896-00227776-00228057 of Planet killers are employed in one
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00897-00228058-00228306 case the enemy uses an anti mercury bomb
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00898-00228307-00228477 to destroy half of the planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00899-00228478-00228692 population in order to blind the sensors
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00900-00228694-00228981 of its guardian moon in another Halley
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00901-00228982-00229227 as a personified biomechanical weapon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00902-00229228-00229458 teleports billions of copies of herself
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00903-00229459-00229683 using quantum foam technology to the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00904-00229684-00229902 same exact location in order to convert
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00905-00229903-00230096 herself into a black hole and destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00906-00230098-00230417 the enemies planetary Armada the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00907-00230417-00230676 berserker series is a series of space
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00908-00230677-00230910 opera science fiction short stories and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00909-00230911-00231117 novels by fred saberhagen in which
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00910-00231117-00231366 robotic self-replicating machines intend
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00911-00231367-00231492 to destroy all life
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00912-00231492-00231759 these berserkers named after the human
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00913-00231760-00231963 Berserker warriors of Norse legend are
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00914-00231964-00232155 doomsday weapons left over from an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00915-00232156-00232362 interstellar war between two races of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00916-00232363-00232569 extraterrestrials
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00917-00232569-00232767 in the German science fiction series
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00918-00232767-00232869 Perry Rhodan
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00919-00232869-00233244 the humanoid are qanitin Engl Arkin ides
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00920-00233244-00233456 had the archon bomb which could destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00921-00233457-00233657 an earth-sized planet within hours or
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00922-00233658-00233844 the Lemurians the ancestors of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00923-00233844-00234003 archives and the Terrans had the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00924-00234004-00234198 Armageddon bomb which was similar to the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00925-00234198-00234494 arcon bomb the tyrannical rulers of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00926-00234496-00234731 andromeda galaxy had planet-killers
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00927-00234732-00234912 which could devour whole planets and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00928-00234913-00235181 were referred to as mobis by the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00929-00235182-00235371 fictional characters within the series
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00930-00235371-00235631 in this series weapons with the power to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00931-00235632-00235835 eliminate whole galaxies were mentioned
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00932-00235836-00236151 as well in a hole in space by Larry
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00933-00236152-00236400 Niven monk ships carry a stern facing
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00934-00236401-00236603 device called the hacker off ship which
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00935-00236604-00236787 causes stars to go supernova
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00936-00236788-00237066 the monks use these devices to propel
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00937-00237067-00237276 their ships from star to star unless the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00938-00237277-00237473 star they're visiting has a civilization
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00939-00237475-00237663 that can build a launching laser for
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00940-00237664-00237963 them to use instead hyper net gates in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00941-00237964-00238167 the Lost fleet explode when disrupted
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00942-00238167-00238377 with a yield ranging from insignificant
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00943-00238378-00238563 to supernova level depending on the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00944-00238564-00238788 order in which the gates many tethers
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00945-00238789-00239121 are destroyed the alien enigmas provided
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00946-00239121-00239328 the technology to humans during a large
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00947-00239329-00239553 war hoping that humanity would destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00948-00239554-00239756 itself when the warring factions the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00949-00239757-00239937 Alliance and the syndicate discovered
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00950-00239938-00240110 the gate collapse technique and began
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00951-00240111-00240387 using it on each other in the Shiva
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00952-00240388-00240726 option the bug home hive systems are
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00953-00240727-00240908 neutralized by carpet-bombing they're
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00954-00240909-00241067 inhabited planets with antimatter
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00955-00241069-00241413 munitions in the mortal engines quartet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00956-00241414-00241592 by author fee brief set in a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00957-00241594-00241742 post-apocalyptic world
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00958-00241744-00241946 the Odin device is an ancient orbital
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00959-00241948-00242094 energy weapon capable of destroying
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00960-00242094-00242429 whole cities in a single blast stocker
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00961-00242430-00242633 Fang a main character in the series
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00962-00242634-00242894 plans to use Odin to target volcanoes to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00963-00242896-00243071 plunge the earth into a volcanic winter
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00964-00243073-00243315 to extinguish humanity which she sees as
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00965-00243316-00243533 responsible for all of Earth's problems
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00966-00243534-00243813 the EC Tubbs story little girl lost also
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00967-00243814-00244109 a filmed adaptation was done for us a TV
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00968-00244110-00244382 series Night Gallery presents a scenario
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00969-00244383-00244575 where a researcher working on the atomic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00970-00244576-00244821 weapons in the TV adaptation he is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00971-00244821-00245060 working for the USA in the original for
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00972-00245061-00245241 the British government suffers a nervous
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00973-00245242-00245442 breakdown when his daughter is killed in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00974-00245442-00245700 a car accident in order to keep him
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00975-00245701-00245961 working at his project a psychologist is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00976-00245962-00246138 to keep him in a delusional state
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00977-00246139-00246467 thinking that she is still alive it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00978-00246469-00246657 seems that he is completely fooled by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00979-00246658-00246831 this ruse until the end where it is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00980-00246832-00247026 discovered that his weapon can and is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00981-00247027-00247230 destroy the planet or at least that is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00982-00247231-00247592 implied black small square Stefan
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00983-00247594-00247817 Amesbury Crone Aryan book series has two
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00984-00247819-00248058 versions of Planet Buster's one produced
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00985-00248059-00248253 by the old Imperium burrows into a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00986-00248254-00248466 planets cores and explodes destroying
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00987-00248467-00248733 the planet from the inside out the other
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00988-00248734-00248925 was produced by the Trel called a war
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00989-00248926-00249144 maker creates a wormhole to consume a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00990-00249144-00249344 planet or in some cases whole solar
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00991-00249346-00249617 systems this one was copied by the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00992-00249619-00249852 antagonist ai's and was used against
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00993-00249853-00250454 them destroying their fleet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00994-00250455-00251257 topic games
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00995-00251258-00251801 topic halo series
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00996-00251802-00252084 UNSC Nova bomb a group of nuclear
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00997-00252085-00252294 warheads clustered around a core that
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00998-00252294-00252485 forces the fissionable material together
+lPS6EGIT6eA-00999-00252486-00252821 magnifying the explosion covenant
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01000-00252823-00252996 warships are typically equipped with
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01001-00252996-00253242 plasma weapons used to vitrify commonly
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01002-00253242-00253523 called glassing the surface of a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01003-00253525-00253721 threw on mass bombardment the titular
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01004-00253723-00253971 halo installations themselves only kill
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01005-00253971-00254171 sentient life leaving planets and their
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01006-00254173-00254348 bio spheres as well as any creature
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01007-00254350-00254567 without sufficient biomass to support
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01008-00254569-00254796 the flood otherwise intact however
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01009-00254796-00255042 forerunner and ancient human fleets are
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01010-00255042-00255234 known to possess less selective weapons
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01011-00255235-00255471 capable of inducing stellar collapses it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01012-00255471-00255966 will
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01013-00255967-00256513 topic Starcraft series
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01014-00256514-00256842 protoss motherships are stated to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01015-00256844-00257173 instantly destroy entire planets most
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01016-00257173-00257413 larger Warcraft have purification beams
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01017-00257414-00257650 which easily crack open planets and let
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01018-00257651-00257844 the magma do the rest of the work
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01019-00257844-00258187 Terrans bombardment with apocalypse
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01020-00258188-00258460 class nukes FTL capable nukes meant to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01021-00258461-00258784 be launched on mass 1000 is extreme
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01022-00258785-00258994 overkill for wiping out all life on the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01023-00258994-00259237 fortified planet with explosions easily
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01024-00259238-00259504 visible from orbit this appears to leave
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01025-00259505-00259738 little lingering radiation as the planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01026-00259739-00259917 core Hall which was victim to such an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01027-00259919-00260077 attack was cleansed of it and has a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01028-00260078-00260281 population in the billions within a few
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01029-00260282-00260623 decades the mercer class doomsday device
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01030-00260623-00260833 which turns a planet's core against it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01031-00260834-00261021 causing it to explode covering the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01032-00261023-00261623 planet's surface in magma
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01033-00261625-00262332 topic sins of a solar Empire the TECs
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01034-00262333-00262554 Nova LIF cannon is a giant new Claunch
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01035-00262555-00262779 inge railgun capable of wiping out the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01036-00262780-00263007 entire population of a planet in just
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01037-00263008-00263229 one shot with better fortified planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01038-00263230-00263523 only requiring to the intense radiation
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01039-00263524-00263727 of the nukes also makes the planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01040-00263728-00264072 uninhabitable for a long time in sins of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01041-00264073-00264303 a solar Empire rebellion the loyalist
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01042-00264304-00264492 faction of the alien Vasari can
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01043-00264493-00264699 strip-mine an entire planet leaving only
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01044-00264700-00264969 a dead asteroid this Nets the player
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01045-00264970-00265182 ordering the strip mining a large amount
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01046-00265183-00265557 of resources all titans all capitals and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01047-00265558-00265743 some specialized frigates can bomb a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01048-00265744-00265977 planet to destroy a colony and wipe out
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01049-00265978-00266193 its population the technology used
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01050-00266194-00266400 varies between the different races with
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01051-00266401-00266601 the human tech or trader emergency
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01052-00266602-00266853 coalition using nukes the psychic advent
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01053-00266854-00267072 using kinetic bombardment and the alien
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01054-00267073-00267695 Vasari using a beam weapon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01055-00267696-00268240 topic Warhammer 40,000
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01056-00268241-00268434 adlet in the Despoiler ship
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01057-00268435-00268656 planet-killer destroys planets through a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01058-00268657-00268843 concentrated beam that bores through a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01059-00268844-00269022 planet's crust causing a catastrophic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01060-00269023-00269433 eruption of planetary material stamp the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01061-00269434-00269749 necrons gods in their original energy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01062-00269750-00269995 like form they can feed any source of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01063-00269996-00270391 energy heat radiation life etc the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01064-00270392-00270598 nekron world engine has large gauss
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01065-00270599-00270790 weapons that can scour a world of all
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01066-00270791-00271102 life tearin' it highly to devour all
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01067-00271103-00271428 biomass of a planet they conquer the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01068-00271429-00271632 Imperium means of carrying out an order
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01069-00271633-00271971 of exterminate us including virus bombs
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01070-00271972-00272277 these contain a mutating virus called
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01071-00272278-00272515 the life eater virus which causes basic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01072-00272516-00272703 chemical bonds in organic and some
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01073-00272704-00272926 non-organic materials to break causing
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01074-00272927-00273277 these materials to liquefy as the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01075-00273278-00273456 planetary biosphere undergoes
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01076-00273457-00273684 accelerated decomposition the massive
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01077-00273685-00273879 amount of methane gas can be ignited
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01078-00273880-00274045 from orbit creating a planet-wide
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01079-00274046-00274273 firestorm that will often kill anyone
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01080-00274274-00274588 who survived the virus attack cyclonic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01081-00274589-00274801 torpedoes one was used by the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01082-00274802-00275050 Inquisition to destroy Typhon primaries
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01083-00275051-00275307 during Warhammer 40,000 Don of war 2
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01084-00275308-00275658 retribution orbital bombardment the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01085-00275659-00275875 favoured method of the Imperial Navy due
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01086-00275876-00276073 to its lack of authorisation to use the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01087-00276074-00276333 more advanced means the result of an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01088-00276334-00276493 orbital bombardment can range from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01089-00276494-00276721 continents being atomized and oceans
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01090-00276722-00276906 being vaporized to the complete mass
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01091-00276907-00277206 scatter of the planet to black stone
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01092-00277207-00277441 fortresses a type of space station used
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01093-00277442-00277752 by chaos can destroy a planet if used
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01094-00277753-00277980 together three black stone fortresses or
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01095-00277981-00278205 more can destroy a star they were
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01096-00278206-00278437 originally weapons wielded by the Eldar
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01097-00278438-00278631 against the necrons in the stand in a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01098-00278632-00278839 cataclysmic war but were lost and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01099-00278840-00279032 forgotten until millennia later
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01100-00279033-00279255 initially used as imperial space
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01101-00279256-00279504 fortresses the chaos war master abbot
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01102-00279505-00279715 and managed to secure two artifacts to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01103-00279716-00279909 control two fortresses while destroying
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01104-00279910-00280348 the rest topic other games the system
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01105-00280349-00280509 killer as well as the von Neumann
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01106-00280510-00280714 construct random menaces from the sword
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01107-00280715-00281004 of the star series the Annihilator from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01108-00281005-00281251 planetary annihilation it is used by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01109-00281252-00281476 building five massive catalysts on the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01110-00281477-00281617 North Pole of a metal plan
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01111-00281618-00281800 allowing the player to fire a weapon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01112-00281801-00282076 from the planet after a short charging
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01113-00282077-00282271 up sequence the planet will rotate to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01114-00282272-00282475 its target and fire an extremely
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01115-00282476-00282637 powerful beam of energy that goes
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01116-00282638-00282829 straight though the planet and the crust
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01117-00282830-00283048 will turn bright blue and expand outward
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01118-00283049-00283327 before exploding the Annihilator can
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01119-00283328-00283557 destroy any rocky planet regardless of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01120-00283558-00283806 size and can even destroy small planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01121-00283807-00283987 that are being fired at another planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01122-00283988-00284301 it cannot destroy gas giants or stars
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01123-00284302-00284590 ragnerok planetary annihilation a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01124-00284591-00284788 doomsday structure that once built
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01125-00284789-00285006 deploys and drills a hole to the mantle
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01126-00285007-00285163 of a planet for one minute before
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01127-00285164-00285397 dropping an unnamed device into the core
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01128-00285398-00285585 exploding the planet in a fashion
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01129-00285586-00285892 similar to the annihilator planet Buster
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01130-00285893-00286225 in EA's 2008 space simulation game spore
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01131-00286226-00286477 space stage a super weapon feared by all
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01132-00286478-00286696 capable of destroying an entire planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01133-00286697-00286999 with a single blast using it is against
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01134-00287000-00287203 the Galactic code and nearby empires
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01135-00287204-00287371 will consider it to be an act of war
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01136-00287372-00287619 except the Grox who become friendlier
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01137-00287620-00287848 hammer of dawn in the Gears of War
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01138-00287849-00288018 series could wipe out the entire
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01139-00288019-00288333 civilization with a few shots xenon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01140-00288334-00288558 mothership x beyond the frontier
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01141-00288559-00288751 mothership x squared' the threat
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01142-00288752-00288957 heartless Kingdom Hearts series actually
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01143-00288958-00289222 a race of creatures that devour not only
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01144-00289223-00289426 the hearts of men but also of worlds
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01145-00289427-00289663 thus destroying them Micon deep children
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01146-00289664-00289881 the uh twig bomb and the saw mattre from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01147-00289882-00290077 star control to the Omega system
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01148-00290078-00290323 Xenosaga Tiberium in the command &
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01149-00290324-00290521 Conquer franchise slowly eats the earth
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01150-00290522-00290803 turning it into Tiberium atmospheric
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01151-00290804-00290998 deprivation missiles in homeworld are
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01152-00290999-00291247 used by the Titan or Kushan depending on
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01153-00291248-00291408 the player's choice of race while
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01154-00291409-00291598 unknown to them the mothership was held
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01155-00291599-00291778 up by Raiders on the outskirts of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01156-00291779-00292008 system afterwards the northern
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01157-00292009-00292209 hemisphere was blackened and fires were
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01158-00292210-00292498 visible from high orbit in homeworld to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01159-00292499-00292822 the main antagonists the vaygr attempt
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01160-00292823-00293026 to use similar technology in the final
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01161-00293027-00293203 mission one of the missions objectives
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01162-00293204-00293374 is to intercept the missiles before they
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01163-00293375-00293674 reach their target however the planet is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01164-00293675-00293880 not killed after one missile strike each
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01165-00293881-00294100 missile kills approximately half of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01166-00294101-00294295 current surviving population and the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01167-00294296-00294472 mission has failed if too many slipped
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01168-00294473-00294691 by it takes approximately five to fully
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01169-00294692-00294894 depopulate the planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01170-00294895-00295053 the team at motherships in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01171-00295054-00295245 progenitor ship the sajuuk and the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01172-00295246-00295479 ancient planetary bombardment platforms
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01173-00295480-00295691 are also considered as planet-killers
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01174-00295692-00296040 Black Sun Supreme Commander an extremely
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01175-00296041-00296262 powerful laser weapon that utilizes a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01176-00296263-00296481 gate network to target and burn multiple
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01177-00296482-00296763 planets in a single firing fired from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01178-00296764-00297008 the Black Sun facility located in Hawaii
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01179-00297009-00297309 mechanoid motherships rifts Genova in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01180-00297310-00297441 Final Fantasy 7
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01181-00297442-00297669 a parasitic being which drains life from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01182-00297670-00297969 any planet that it lands on described by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01183-00297970-00298200 Vincent Valentine as being heavens dark
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01184-00298201-00298482 arbiter meteor Final Fantasy 7 it should
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01185-00298483-00298635 be noted that the intention of its
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01186-00298636-00298833 caller in the game required the planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01187-00298834-00299121 to survive shiven juggernaut sathanas
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01188-00299122-00299319 could as a group create a gigantic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01189-00299320-00299544 ripple in the subspace field surrounding
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01190-00299545-00299736 a star causing the star to become
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01191-00299737-00299943 unstable and go Nova ostensibly
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01192-00299944-00300141 destroying all planets in the system
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01193-00300142-00300402 free space to shiven super destroyer
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01194-00300403-00300648 Lucifer used three flux cannons which
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01195-00300649-00300861 are more popularly known as beams to a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01196-00300862-00301029 bill to rate the surface of an entire
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01197-00301030-00301329 planet rendering it invulnerable however
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01198-00301330-00301566 in the cutscene the Lucifer used only
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01199-00301567-00301752 one which could release an expansive
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01200-00301753-00301920 blast which could burn away a small
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01201-00301921-00302241 fraction of a planet descent free space
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01202-00302242-00302532 the great war star generator space quest
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01203-00302533-00302751 one stellar converters Master of Orion
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01204-00302752-00303066 to battle at Antares plasma cannons of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01205-00303067-00303267 immense size and power that are capable
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01206-00303268-00303429 of tearing straight through virtually
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01207-00303430-00303663 anything in the line of fire the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01208-00303664-00303810 kilrathi dreadnought sivir
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01209-00303811-00304038 wing commander the secret missions this
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01210-00304039-00304257 warship designed by the kilrathi carried
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01211-00304258-00304440 with it the graviton weapon which could
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01212-00304441-00304635 destroy a planet and all life on its
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01213-00304636-00304830 surface by increasing its gravitational
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01214-00304831-00305289 field 137 times the normal force TCS
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01215-00305290-00305469 behemoth and the Templar Bomb Wing
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01216-00305470-00305736 Commander 3 the TCS behemoth was a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01217-00305737-00305934 super-heavy dreadnought which carried a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01218-00305935-00306150 super laser capable of obliterating any
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01219-00306151-00306351 target ranging from a starship to a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01220-00306352-00306618 planet the latter weapon the Templar
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01221-00306619-00306786 bomb was designed to exploit the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01222-00306787-00307005 instability of a planet's fault line to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01223-00307006-00307173 trigger a super earthquake that would
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01224-00307174-00307368 subsequently dis table eyes a world's
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01225-00307369-00307617 entire tectonic makeup literally shaking
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01226-00307618-00307866 it apart to the point of implosion the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01227-00307867-00308064 Templar bomb could only be launched via
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01228-00308065-00308280 Starfighter and the player must
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01229-00308281-00308460 the kilrathi homeworld of Kilroy by this
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01230-00308461-00308790 means terror star a parody of the death
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01231-00308791-00308970 star although a fully-functional
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01232-00308971-00309165 Starkiller from Galactic Civilizations
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01233-00309166-00309465 the iron helix used to destroy Calliope
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01234-00309466-00309735 if you fail the mission the Nova bomb in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01235-00309736-00309978 XCOM interceptor this was a missile
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01236-00309979-00310152 carried on fighters which rather than
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01237-00310153-00310390 being used against a planet directly was
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01238-00310391-00310595 fired at the star inside the system
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01239-00310596-00310869 according to in-game details the Nova
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01240-00310870-00311073 bomb slowly accelerates to Lightspeed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01241-00311074-00311316 and burrows itself into the core causing
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01242-00311317-00311520 the star to go supernova completely
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01243-00311521-00311760 destroying the whole system after the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01244-00311761-00311982 doomsday weapon built by the aliens as
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01245-00311983-00312174 located on the other side of a black
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01246-00312175-00312372 hole the player is told that it can only
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01247-00312373-00312627 be destroyed with a nova bomb the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01248-00312628-00312801 technology was considered so dangerous
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01249-00312802-00313063 the scientific community asked for all
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01250-00313064-00313218 knowledge of the bomb to be stricken
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01251-00313219-00313414 from records so it would not fall into
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01252-00313415-00313506 the wrong hands
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01253-00313507-00313789 the weak nuclear force decoupler from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01254-00313790-00314169 perfect dark nintendo64 the space colony
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01255-00314170-00314382 Ark saklesh cannon from Sonic Adventure
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01256-00314383-00314614 2 and Shadow the Hedgehog the Alpha
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01257-00314615-00314850 Corps Omega boost the biologic space
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01258-00314851-00315088 labs research station in Metroid Fusion
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01259-00315089-00315300 Game Boy Advance is equipped with a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01260-00315301-00315483 self-destruct system capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01261-00315484-00315660 destroying a planet within its blast
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01262-00315661-00315714 radius
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01263-00315715-00315988 in addition the planet zebes was
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01264-00315989-00316200 equipped with a planetary self-destruct
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01265-00316201-00316425 mechanism in Super Metroid Super
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01266-00316426-00316639 Nintendo Entertainment System the black
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01267-00316640-00316875 egg and Mulligan artifacts star flight
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01268-00316876-00317124 the crest of annihilation Star Ocean the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01269-00317125-00317319 second story this device completely
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01270-00317320-00317547 obliterates a planet but it is allegedly
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01271-00317548-00317713 powerful enough to wipe out the entire
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01272-00317714-00318037 known universe the death egg from Sonic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01273-00318038-00318264 the Hedgehog 2 and Sonic & Knuckles a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01274-00318265-00318498 parody of the death star in a caricature
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01275-00318499-00318792 of dr. Robotnik armed with two ion
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01276-00318793-00319032 cannons supposedly forming the eyes on
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01277-00319033-00319200 the face it is damaged and repaired
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01278-00319201-00319416 throughout the early Sonic the Hedgehog
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01279-00319417-00319687 series the Galactic implosion device
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01280-00319688-00319944 total annihilation the planet Buster
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01281-00319945-00320157 Maximus in the video game Ratchet and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01282-00320158-00320427 Clank a skyscraper sized bomb capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01283-00320428-00320628 reducing an entire planet to subatomic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01284-00320629-00320938 particles there was another device named
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01285-00320939-00321054 the de Planet Iser
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01286-00321055-00321255 referred to as the most powerful laser
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01287-00321256-00321540 ever invented it consisted of a giant
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01288-00321541-00321670 football field-sized
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01289-00321671-00321880 platform with a large rotating laser
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01290-00321881-00322087 cannon on the bottom and a giant red
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01291-00322088-00322359 button on the top it served as an arena
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01292-00322360-00322533 during the final fight with chairman
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01293-00322534-00322816 drek the de planet eyes errs purpose was
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01294-00322817-00323017 to break planets apart so that chairman
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01295-00323018-00323203 drek could harvest choice fragments to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01296-00323204-00323449 assemble into his own new planet the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01297-00323450-00323674 Ragnarok space station is capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01298-00323675-00323859 destroying anything off of the face of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01299-00323860-00324250 the earth Mega Man Zero the moon dagger
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01300-00324251-00324493 from terminal velocity this large
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01301-00324494-00324730 warship is a huge missile that cycles on
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01302-00324731-00324925 the target a flush and transference wave
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01303-00324926-00325107 whose effects are described as similar
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01304-00325108-00325324 to what a sawed-off shotgun causes to a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01305-00325325-00325659 human the TR ihz m-- in the marathon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01306-00325660-00326127 trilogy name literally means early Nova
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01307-00326128-00326418 the void Super Paper Mario this consumes
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01308-00326419-00326655 worlds completely leaving bleak endless
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01309-00326656-00326967 white plains in their place beg begun in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01310-00326968-00327189 Final Fantasy 10 - can be seen
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01311-00327190-00327396 instigating the destruction of Spira in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01312-00327397-00327792 a bad ending smokes destroyed the earth
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01313-00327793-00328020 fatality and grey goo ending mortal
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01314-00328021-00328329 kombat planet busters of sid meier's
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01315-00328330-00328593 alpha centauri destructive power ranges
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01316-00328594-00328785 from destroying a city to a continent
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01317-00328786-00329037 depending on their power source when
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01318-00329038-00329235 used these weapons increased the chance
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01319-00329236-00329427 of the planets native life seeking to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01320-00329428-00329727 annihilate humanity in the novelizations
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01321-00329728-00329973 for gravitational singularity powered
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01322-00329974-00330177 planet busters used by the believers
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01323-00330178-00330465 trigger such an event cannon seed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01324-00330466-00330849 Galaxian three sorcery globe star ocean
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01325-00330850-00331089 the second story disrupts a planet's
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01326-00331090-00331320 expels orbit and causes it to crash into
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01327-00331321-00331677 energy made the USG Ishimura in dead
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01328-00331678-00331911 space a deep space mining vessel that
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01329-00331912-00332094 extracts minerals from a planet by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01330-00332095-00332277 ripping away large chunks of the crust
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01331-00332278-00332475 and the other planet cracker vessels
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01332-00332476-00332565 built after it
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01333-00332566-00332802 the Ishimura herself is said to have
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01334-00332803-00333075 cracked 34 planets during her 62 year
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01335-00333076-00333381 service also the pre Ishimura space
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01336-00333382-00333834 stations used to harvest titan in dead
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01337-00333835-00334050 space 3 it is found out that if the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01338-00334051-00334290 alien Necromorph s markers convert all
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01339-00334291-00334485 the planets life into more Necromorph
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01340-00334486-00334707 mass the planet becomes a brethren moon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01341-00334708-00334944 a sentient planet sized Necromorph that
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01342-00334945-00335103 has the ability of interstellar travel
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01343-00335104-00335352 and the telepathic powers of the markers
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01344-00335353-00335585 who consumes all life on other planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01345-00335586-00335886 the parasite machine that sucks energy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01346-00335887-00336060 from the Earth's core in urban assault
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01347-00336061-00336408 in mass effect mass accelerators are the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01348-00336409-00336639 primary weapon design ranging from small
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01349-00336640-00336879 arms to multi kilometer capital ship
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01350-00336880-00337152 cannons one weapons projectile was
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01351-00337153-00337341 powerful enough for a glancing blow to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01352-00337342-00337560 result in a large rift on a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01353-00337561-00337811 surface comparable to vias Marineris
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01354-00337812-00338163 also various planet grade WMDs are
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01355-00338164-00338388 listed nuclear weapons of varying yield
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01356-00338389-00338577 asteroids and space stations and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01357-00338578-00338916 invasive species mass effect bring down
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01358-00338917-00339129 the sky DLC has a state-sponsored
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01359-00339130-00339351 terrorist group attempt to navigate an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01360-00339352-00339564 asteroid into a human call
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01361-00339565-00339894 Mass Effect 2 arrival DLC offers the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01362-00339895-00340077 penultimate of kinetic weaponry an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01363-00340078-00340203 asteroid equipped with a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01364-00340204-00340395 faster-than-light Drive can match the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01365-00340396-00340587 power of a supernova that's how much
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01366-00340588-00340817 damage it takes to destroy a mass relay
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01367-00340818-00341136 Mass Effect 3 involves disarming an old
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01368-00341137-00341325 turian bomb that was placed on the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01369-00341326-00341567 Krogan homeworld in case of a rebellion
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01370-00341568-00341937 the giant of Babel in Final Fantasy 4 as
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01371-00341938-00342144 teleported to the blue planet earth for
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01372-00342145-00342333 the express purpose of annihilating all
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01373-00342334-00342684 life on the planet in Final Fantasy 5
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01374-00342685-00342903 exdeath unleashes the power of the void
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01375-00342904-00343143 on the world neo exdeath an amalgamation
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01376-00343144-00343305 of ex death and all the creatures
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01377-00343306-00343533 trapped in the rift clearly implies that
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01378-00343534-00343704 the void could destroy all life in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01379-00343705-00344067 universe in Final Fantasy 9 Kuja
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01380-00344068-00344226 destroys everything within his home
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01381-00344227-00344526 planet with the ultima spell capital
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01382-00344527-00344739 vessels in our type have wave cannons
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01383-00344740-00344955 stated to be a hundred million times the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01384-00344956-00345144 power of the standard mass production
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01385-00345145-00345318 fighters and capable of destroying
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01386-00345319-00345594 planets the in-game description
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01387-00345595-00345768 therefore indicates that each of the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01388-00345769-00345963 dozens or hundreds of fighters fielded
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01389-00345964-00346170 in every fleet has a reusable weapon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01390-00346171-00346415 with an output in the low Terra tons
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01391-00346416-00346674 Izanami from the BlazBlue series with
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01392-00346675-00346866 the true blazblue can turn most things
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01393-00346867-00347058 on the planet decipher and render it a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01394-00347059-00347451 husk dinosaur planet which would later
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01395-00347452-00347661 be called Soria in starfox adventures
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01396-00347662-00347889 had a force so powerful to blow the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01397-00347890-00348111 planet apart and kill the entire lylat
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01398-00348112-00348441 system the destroyer is a massive golem
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01399-00348442-00348687 in the Legend of Spyro Don of the Dragon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01400-00348688-00348927 it had the ability to form a wall of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01401-00348928-00349152 fire called the ring of annihilation
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01402-00349153-00349413 once completed the belt of fire would
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01403-00349414-00349599 spread reducing the world into fire and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01404-00349600-00350013 ash in stellaris the apocalypse DLC
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01405-00350014-00350226 allows players to build a colossus a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01406-00350227-00350412 massive spaceship that can destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01407-00350413-00350625 planets or do other things based on what
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01408-00350626-00350886 the player equips it with Oh game
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01409-00350887-00351087 features the Death Star by far the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01410-00351088-00351300 largest ship available that can destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01411-00351301-00351633 moons not Planet gurps spaceships
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01412-00351634-00351834 presents the relativistic kill vehicle
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01413-00351835-00352053 Azrael described as a large AI
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01414-00352054-00352239 controlled missile that impacts its
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01415-00352240-00352434 target with a force of 42 million
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01416-00352435-00352662 megatons enough to trigger an extinction
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01417-00352663-00352775 event
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01418-00352776-00353035 in Kirby Super Star Ultra a warrior
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01419-00353036-00353248 known as Galacta Knight makes his debut
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01420-00353249-00353477 he is referred to as the greatest
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01421-00353478-00353714 warrior in the galaxy and a warrior who
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01422-00353715-00353891 was sealed away because his power was
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01423-00353892-00354059 too great as mentioned by the Galactic
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01424-00354060-00354407 Nova he later appears in Kirby planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01425-00354408-00354590 robobot in which he is summoned by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01426-00354591-00354794 Stardream who says he may end up
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01427-00354795-00355028 destroying a nearby planet or two but
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01428-00355029-00355334 such is life this indicates that Galacta
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01429-00355335-00355529 knight could quite easily destroy up to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01430-00355530-00355847 two planetary bodies at a time void
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01431-00355848-00356099 termina kirby star allies is mentioned
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01432-00356100-00356270 to be the destroyer of worlds on his
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01433-00356271-00356525 splash screen this can be shown to be a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01434-00356526-00356738 valid description when his death causes
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01435-00356739-00357122 a supernova in kirby 64 the crystal
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01436-00357123-00357323 shards Dark Star which is approximately
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01437-00357324-00357581 the same size as the other planets in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01438-00357582-00357803 the game is destroyed by Kirby ribbon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01439-00357804-00358407 and the crystal shards
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01440-00358408-00358968 topic anime and manga
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01441-00358969-00359279 you
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01442-00359280-00359772 topic Dragonball
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01443-00359773-00359994 many characters in the series can
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01444-00359995-00360183 destroy planets with the exception of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01445-00360184-00360495 the untrained human characters Vegeta
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01446-00360496-00360756 destroyed planet are Lea in episode 11
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01447-00360757-00361113 of Dragon Ball Z anime filler Frieza is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01448-00361114-00361335 probably the series most famous planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01449-00361336-00361563 killer destroying both planet Vegeta
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01450-00361564-00361950 Planet Namek and Earth Kid Buu destroyed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01451-00361951-00362187 earth during the climax of Dragon Ball Z
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01452-00362188-00362415 and then destroys multiple other planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01453-00362416-00362679 while trying to find Goku and Vegeta in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01454-00362680-00362985 the Dragon Ball super anime be ruse the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01455-00362986-00363183 god of destruction of seventh universe
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01456-00363184-00363402 destroyed a planet by tapping his finger
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01457-00363403-00363687 on the table in Episode one he destroys
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01458-00363688-00363906 another planet with a ki blast the size
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01459-00363907-00364206 of a golf ball in Episode two burrows
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01460-00364207-00364422 has also destroyed a moon while sleeping
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01461-00364423-00364593 with a key ball coming from his sneeze
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01462-00364594-00364974 in episode 20 son Goku in his Super
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01463-00364975-00365172 Saiyan God form destroyed a lot of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01464-00365173-00365388 planets with a resulting shockwave in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01465-00365389-00365625 Dragon Ball super anime when he collided
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01466-00365626-00365772 his fists with the god of destruction
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01467-00365773-00366159 beerus in episode 12 Champa the god of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01468-00366160-00366384 destruction of 6th universe destroyed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01469-00366385-00366582 several planets with just kicks and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01470-00366583-00366744 punches while chasing his twin brother
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01471-00366745-00366972 beerus who ate their birthday cake in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01472-00366973-00367164 the 6th chapter of Dragon Ball super
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01473-00367165-00367491 manga Vado's destroyed a planet by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01474-00367492-00367725 tapping her scepter in space in the 18th
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01475-00367726-00368097 episode Dragon Ball super anime super
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01476-00368098-00368319 Shenron a planet resembling Saturn in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01477-00368320-00368529 the 41st episode of Dragon Ball super
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01478-00368530-00368904 anime Hamas who destroyed all seven
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01479-00368905-00369135 super Dragon Balls in a flashback of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01480-00369136-00369510 Dragon Ball super anime episode 61 each
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01481-00369511-00369918 of the super Dragon Balls are 37,000 196
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01482-00369919-00370106 kilometres in diameter
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01483-00370107-00370404 Broly the legendary super saiyan was
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01484-00370405-00370596 shown to destroy a planet with ease in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01485-00370597-00370914 the movie King Vegeta destroyed three
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01486-00370915-00371091 planets with a wave of his hand in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01487-00371092-00371439 Dragon Ball Z anime filler as a child
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01488-00371440-00371712 Son Gohan destroys the makyo star a star
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01489-00371713-00371964 or planet that gives garlic junior extra
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01490-00371965-00372580 power in the anime filler
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01491-00372581-00373060 topic kiddy grade
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01492-00373061-00373340 gyeo sort technology has the ability to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01493-00373341-00373555 reconfigure large amounts of matter at
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01494-00373556-00373732 the molecular level thus it can not only
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01495-00373733-00374005 destroy entire planets but make hostile
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01496-00374006-00374208 planets habitable through terraforming
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01497-00374209-00374479 the Deucalion presumably has this
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01498-00374480-00374710 capability as well since it is outfitted
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01499-00374711-00374929 with Geo sort technology but this is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01500-00374930-00375569 never demonstrated in the series
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01501-00375570-00375922 topic Sailor Moon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01502-00375923-00376061 you
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01503-00376062-00376307 one of the outer Senshi Sailor Saturn
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01504-00376308-00376550 can destroy an entire planet by just
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01505-00376551-00376739 dropping her weapon the silence glaive
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01506-00376740-00376943 with the intent to destroy no attack
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01507-00376944-00377324 calling necessary sailor Galaxia is also
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01508-00377325-00377528 able to point at a planet and if she
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01509-00377529-00377711 possesses the will to completely destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01510-00377712-00378071 it the main protagonist Sailor Moon as
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01511-00378072-00378311 neo Queen serenity possesses the power
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01512-00378312-00378527 to destroy an entire solar system
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01513-00378528-00379094 including its star
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01514-00379095-00379585 topic golf force
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01515-00379586-00379819 in the first three Gulf Force movies
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01516-00379820-00380020 both sides the solenoid and paranoid
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01517-00380021-00380212 Axis forces have had both their home
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01518-00380213-00380416 worlds destroyed in a war of mutual
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01519-00380417-00380653 assured destruction they plan on using
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01520-00380654-00380890 the last of their planet destroyers and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01521-00380891-00381076 include the new system destroyers in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01522-00381077-00381672 their final battle plans
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01523-00381673-00382158 topic Gurren Lagann
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01524-00382159-00382440 the main antagonist the anti spiral is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01525-00382441-00382629 shown to have destroyed many planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01526-00382630-00382965 stars and galaxies in the second film
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01527-00382966-00383178 adaptation an entire universe is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01528-00383179-00383397 destroyed in the anti spirals clash with
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01529-00383398-00383607 the similarly powerful super Tengen
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01530-00383608-00384174 Toppa Gurren Lagann
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01531-00384175-00384504 topic Tenchi the movie Tenchi Muyo and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01532-00384505-00384837 love
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01533-00384838-00385068 in the final battle with Kane who is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01534-00385069-00385271 apparently powerful enough to destroy a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01535-00385272-00385553 planet on his own why she decides to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01536-00385554-00385791 have kion make use of a dimensional
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01537-00385792-00386108 cannon in spite of keone's protests that
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01538-00386109-00386273 you shouldn't even use it on the city
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01539-00386274-00386466 because it is made for taking out small
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01540-00386467-00387012 galaxies
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01541-00387013-00387356 topic Space Battleship Yamato Star
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01542-00387357-00387770 Blazers
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01543-00387771-00387923 throughout the series in movies
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01544-00387924-00388103 including rebirth in the recent
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01545-00388104-00388343 live-action film the Yamato Argo and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01546-00388344-00388532 similar battleships in the Earth Defense
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01547-00388533-00388744 Force are armed with a wave motion gun
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01548-00388745-00389060 this weapon of last resort is capable of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01549-00389061-00389282 obliterating entire fleets in one shot
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01550-00389283-00389519 as well as most moon and planetary sized
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01551-00389520-00389801 objects the downside of using this
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01552-00389802-00389945 weapon is that it leaves the ship
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01553-00389946-00390191 defenseless before and after firing due
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01554-00390192-00390368 to the massive amount of energy needed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01555-00390369-00390584 to fire it except in rebirth where the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01556-00390585-00390740 ship could fire six shots without
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01557-00390741-00391022 recharging also included would be the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01558-00391023-00391232 Destler the slot cannon built on the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01559-00391233-00391460 same principle takun compression and the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01560-00391461-00391628 main cannon ends orders dreadnought
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01561-00391629-00391802 which was deployed at the end of season
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01562-00391803-00392171 2
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01563-00392172-00392319 you
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01564-00392320-00392816 topic Eureka 7
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01565-00392817-00393020 at the end of the series it is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01566-00393021-00393205 established that the kur aliens have the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01567-00393206-00393409 ability to engulf a planet and form
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01568-00393410-00393607 their own version of a planetary crust
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01569-00393608-00393791 although they did not exercise it with
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01570-00393792-00393941 the purpose of making a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01571-00393942-00394516 uninhabitable
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01572-00394517-00395322 topic comics
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01573-00395323-00396043 topic DC Comics superboy-prime destroyed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01574-00396044-00396309 earth 15 in countdown to Final Crisis
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01575-00396310-00396670 issue number 24 Superman destroyed
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01576-00396671-00396874 several replica planets in shadows
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01577-00396875-00397141 linger part 2 the long road volume 1
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01578-00397142-00397516 issue number 675 in the alternate
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01579-00397517-00397729 universe in Justice storyline during the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01580-00397730-00397927 final battle against the Green Lantern
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01581-00397928-00398146 Corps at the end of year 2 Superman
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01582-00398147-00398350 killed mojo the living planet by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01583-00398351-00398951 throwing it into the Sun
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01584-00398952-00399460 topic other media
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01585-00399461-00399781 Buster machine 3 aka the black hole bomb
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01586-00399782-00400003 in gun Buster uses the mass of a gas
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01587-00400004-00400264 giant planet specifically Jupiter to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01588-00400265-00400435 create a black hole which ultimately
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01589-00400436-00400612 destroys the center of the Milky Way
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01590-00400613-00400981 galaxy Galactus a being from the Marvel
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01591-00400982-00401086 Comics universe
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01592-00401087-00401320 specifically the Fantastic Four books
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01593-00401321-00401512 consumes planets for their energy in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01594-00401513-00401779 order to sustain himself he is often
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01595-00401780-00401971 aided in this process by one of his
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01596-00401972-00402172 heralds the most famous among them being
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01597-00402173-00402460 the Silver Surfer his name is given to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01598-00402461-00402718 Galactus syndrome his daughter Galacta
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01599-00402719-00402985 is capable of doing the same also there
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01600-00402986-00403168 exists a great number of characters
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01601-00403169-00403492 capable of planet busting in DC Comics
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01602-00403493-00403795 the Warworld as a planet killer as in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01603-00403796-00403954 Marvel there is a great number of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01604-00403955-00404190 characters who can destroy planets in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01605-00404191-00404494 the Marvel Comics universe there exists
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01606-00404495-00404725 the god killer which destroys planets by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01607-00404726-00404878 flying through them without slowing down
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01608-00404879-00405142 presumably as an incidental side-effect
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01609-00405143-00405343 of performing its main function killing
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01610-00405344-00405802 Celestials big venus the big o serpent
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01611-00405803-00406141 era from power rangers or demurred the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01612-00406142-00406403 void hound DC Comics
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01613-00406404-00406598 in getter robo Armageddon the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01614-00406599-00406802 protagonists managed to create a massive
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01615-00406803-00407039 getter beam tomahawk powerful enough to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01616-00407040-00407167 slice through planets
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01617-00407168-00407462 likewise in some getter robo manga an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01618-00407463-00407678 entire fleet of impossibly enormous
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01619-00407679-00407969 getter Emperor's exist these super mecha
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01620-00407970-00408140 are so large they create their own
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01621-00408141-00408350 gravity field that can actually shatter
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01622-00408351-00408683 planets as they pass in van Dredd a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01623-00408684-00408887 special variant of harvest ship can
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01624-00408888-00409076 destroy planets that are not needed by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01625-00409077-00409424 earth anymore in the eek the cat episode
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01626-00409425-00409703 eek versus the flying saucers aliens
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01627-00409704-00409892 called Zolt Ariens threatened to blow up
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01628-00409893-00410110 the earth using a death ray powered by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01629-00410112-00410378 eeks 300 pound girlfriend Annabelle and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01630-00410379-00410549 want to do so because earth obstructs
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01631-00410550-00410966 our view of Uranus in the EXO Squad
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01632-00410967-00411164 episode a night before doomsday an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01633-00411164-00411364 antimatter bomb capable of destroying
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01634-00411366-00411580 all life on Earth as revealed and its
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01635-00411581-00411770 activation by the neo sapien leader
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01636-00411771-00411962 Fayed and dying of Auto mutation
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01637-00411963-00412153 syndrome is prevented in the episode
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01638-00412154-00412507 abandoned hope in chode ng machine volts
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01639-00412508-00412714 v a mag might bomb was planted by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01640-00412716-00412945 general AA slick to destroy the earth in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01641-00412946-00413239 the cartoon invader zim the planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01642-00413241-00413410 jackers tried to feed the earth to their
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01643-00413412-00413632 Sun to keep it from going out
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01644-00413633-00413867 in gun Buster Buster machine number
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01645-00413868-00414085 seven and number 19 work in tandem to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01646-00414087-00414302 destroy an earth-sized life-form and a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01647-00414303-00414532 black hole which it carries in tow in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01648-00414533-00414859 gun Buster sequel series die buster the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01649-00414860-00415064 Android Buster machine number seven
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01650-00415064-00415384 splits the moon Titan in half the Super
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01651-00415385-00415622 Robot mazinkaiser is said to be capable
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01652-00415622-00415802 of blasting a hole right down to a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01653-00415803-00416000 planet's core with a full powered fire
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01654-00416001-00416085 blaster
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01655-00416087-00416485 the vok ii moon beast wars transformers
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01656-00416487-00416737 could only destroy Energon rich worlds
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01657-00416738-00417005 the annihilate tricks from frisky dingo
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01658-00417006-00417232 is designed to launch earth into the Sun
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01659-00417233-00417532 designed being the operative word in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01660-00417533-00417730 end it manages to push earth out of its
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01661-00417731-00417920 orbit into an orbit that is further from
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01662-00417921-00418301 the Sun one foot further the Beast
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01663-00418302-00418634 planet in shadow Raiders the desiccator
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01664-00418635-00418816 in dark rain
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01665-00418817-00419043 the ideon sword capable of slicing a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01666-00419045-00419287 planet in half and the ideon gun capable
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01667-00419288-00419439 of cutting large swaths of destruction
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01668-00419441-00419664 encompassing thousands of ships and
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01669-00419666-00419851 celestial bodies from space runaway
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01670-00419852-00420127 ideon in addition when ultimately
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01671-00420128-00420355 destroyed the resulting force caused by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01672-00420356-00420559 the detonation of its power source could
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01673-00420560-00420850 potentially destroy the universe the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01674-00420851-00421107 planet and system killers engulf force
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01675-00421108-00421354 the dark heart in Justice League
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01676-00421355-00421693 Unlimited in the Macross saga segment of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01677-00421693-00421914 Robo tech when the entire zentradi main
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01678-00421916-00422077 fleet was brought together it could
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01679-00422078-00422266 destroy the entire surface of a planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01680-00422267-00422458 through large bombardments of its energy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01681-00422459-00422797 weapons in Robo tech continuity the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01682-00422797-00422983 neutron s missile is thought to be an
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01683-00422984-00423205 extremely powerful bomb but it turns out
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01684-00423206-00423400 to be a planet killer since it creates
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01685-00423401-00423628 artificial singularities and hence turns
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01686-00423629-00423979 any target into a black hole rave master
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01687-00423980-00424195 describes two powers capable of wiping
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01688-00424196-00424405 out all life the power of etherion
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01689-00424406-00424593 contained in the body of Elly in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01690-00424595-00424849 bean called endless the largely
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01691-00424850-00425092 undescribed cascade missile in sluggy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01692-00425093-00425289 free lance in the science fiction parody
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01693-00425291-00425760 in chapter 24 G o fo t ro n champion of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01694-00425762-00425951 the cosmos
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01695-00425952-00426185 it's designed to destroy a single planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01696-00426185-00426397 but it's theorized that firing it into a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01697-00426399-00426566 star could initiate a chain reaction
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01698-00426567-00426793 capable of destroying all life in the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01699-00426795-00427109 entire universe in the manga keroro
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01700-00427110-00427301 gunso there is a character who is
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01701-00427302-00427481 related to keroro who can destroy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01702-00427482-00427838 planets the colonization industrial
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01703-00427839-00428060 companies wormhole in universal war one
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01704-00428060-00428393 able to split a planet in half the Stila
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01705-00428393-00428588 in the Cobain mythos of french duel
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01706-00428589-00428954 concept band magma the planet Smasher in
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01707-00428955-00429146 the Devin Townsend concept albums
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01708-00429147-00429433 ziltoid the omniscient and Dark Matters
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01709-00429434-00429668 Orion's arm features many weapons
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01710-00429668-00429889 capable of destroying planets including
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01711-00429891-00430145 nickel Dyson beams which used the entire
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01712-00430146-00430358 surface of a dyson sphere as a laser
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01713-00430359-00430595 emitter relativistic impactors of many
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01714-00430596-00430960 kinds RK elec built metric weapons which
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01715-00430962-00431195 disrupt space itself and construction
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01716-00431196-00431410 fleets capable of disassembling planet
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01717-00431412-00432120 sized objects for raw materials
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01718-00432121-00432716 topic secondary literature
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01719-00432717-00432939 in his discussion of the tradition of
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01720-00432939-00433176 apocalyptic cinema Mitchel exemplifies
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01721-00433177-00433401 what the film doomsday machine or escape
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01722-00433402-00433593 from Planet Earth characterizes as a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01723-00433593-00433995 planet Buster as belonging to the class
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01724-00433996-00434337 of doomsday device secondary literature
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01725-00434338-00434634 can also use terms like Planet cracker
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01726-00434635-00435471 or Planet busting super weapon
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01727-00435472-00436043 topic science journalism
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01728-00436044-00436283 in the field of science journalism a
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01729-00436284-00436643 1962 article examined various means to
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01730-00436644-00436938 put an end to the world concentrating on
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01731-00436939-00437295 doomsday bombs as astronomer Phil play
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01732-00437296-00437457 has pointed out the amount of energy
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01733-00437458-00437666 necessary to shatter an earth-sized
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01734-00437667-00437951 planet is extremely large about 2 by
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01735-00437952-00438416 1032 joules about as much energy as the
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01736-00438417-00439060 Sun puts out in a week
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01737-00439061-00439622 topic see also
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01738-00439624-00439957 apocalyptic science-fiction doomsday
+lPS6EGIT6eA-01739-00439958-00440191 device
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00000-00000008-00000530 uh
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00001-00000531-00001998 [Music]
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00002-00001998-00004159 [Music]
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00003-00004160-00004659 my
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00005-00010331-00011991 [Music]
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00006-00011992-00012149 so
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00007-00012150-00014847 [Music]
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00008-00014847-00015209 so
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00010-00018344-00018400 bye
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00012-00021568-00021906 so
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00013-00021907-00023207 [Music]
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00014-00023208-00023406 so
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00015-00023407-00024439 [Music]
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00016-00024440-00024701 so
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00018-00029452-00030313 [Music]
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00020-00039384-00039526 you
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00021-00039527-00041501 [Music]
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00023-00047775-00048346 foreign
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00025-00052472-00052973 hmm
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00027-00058464-00059047 ah
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00028-00059048-00059151 my
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00029-00059152-00061038 [Music]
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00030-00061039-00061404 hmm
+lQzgPkKp2vg-00031-00061404-00063408 [Music]
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00000-00000125-00000367 solutions are springing up all around
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00001-00000368-00000557 welcome back to good news next week
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00002-00000558-00000703 everybody i'm james evan pilato from
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00003-00000704-00000893 media monica calm coming to you on the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00004-00000894-00001136 very first day of spring out on the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00005-00001137-00001298 porch and i had anticipated you know a
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00006-00001299-00001547 big sunny beautiful first day of spring
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00007-00001548-00001735 but like a lot of things we anticipate
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00008-00001736-00001892 the plain ol and they don't always work
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00009-00001893-00002101 that way just because you flip the page
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00010-00002102-00002284 on a calendar doesn't necessarily mean
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00011-00002285-00002434 that everything's going to liquid split
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00012-00002435-00002734 be okay and all going to be sunshine and
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00013-00002735-00003010 lollipops but we do have Frankie out
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00014-00003011-00003206 here we do have our organic potting soil
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00015-00003207-00003347 we will be ready to start planning
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00016-00003347-00003524 things for the spring and again just
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00017-00003525-00003688 like you know I think we thought we'd
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00018-00003689-00003902 flip the calendar on 2017 and all of
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00019-00003903-00004111 that 2016 would go away but of course
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00020-00004112-00004279 that's not the case and it's never that
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00021-00004280-00004460 way we've got to work towards the things
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00022-00004461-00004726 we want and the things that we need
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00023-00004727-00005054 Frank you've got to go you guys but I'm
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00024-00005055-00005195 glad you're here this is good news next
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00025-00005196-00005474 week episode 46 for the week of March
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00026-00005475-00005741 twentieth 2017 again this is listener
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00027-00005742-00005867 supported media I've been online since
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00028-00005868-00006029 nine eleven and five and it's all
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00029-00006030-00006191 brought to you by you and you can
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00030-00006192-00006428 support our work at mediamonarchy.com /
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00031-00006429-00006587 support it's been a couple weeks been
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00032-00006588-00006734 submitted good news next week episode I
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00033-00006734-00006863 just want to hit some of the ways that
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00034-00006864-00007031 we are winning and as we noted in the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00035-00007031-00007210 toggle solutions are springing up all
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00036-00007211-00007417 around and we do have solutions oriented
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00037-00007418-00007727 news interesting thing happened this
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00038-00007728-00007867 morning and it's probably a lot of you
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00039-00007868-00008033 solved this morning first thing you saw
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00040-00008034-00008264 in the news was that old David
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00041-00008265-00008603 Rockefeller it passed away now
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00042-00008604-00008842 coarseness
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00043-00008843-00009109 no one's going to miss it but our buddy
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00044-00009110-00009310 Kevin Roberto and Twitter I think made a
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00045-00009311-00009481 good point so David Rockefellers did I
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00046-00009482-00009613 thought I'd do you ever joined but I
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00047-00009614-00009769 have more important things to care about
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00048-00009770-00009979 these days and that's a great point I
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00049-00009980-00010189 think the man would probably love for us
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00050-00010190-00010396 to revel in depth on the first day of
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00051-00010397-00010531 spring and that's something that would
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00052-00010532-00010821 be very much like the evil emperor that
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00053-00010822-00011155 David Rockefeller resemble to give in to
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00054-00011156-00011554 that dark side they love that hate we're
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00055-00011555-00011638 not going to do it we're going to
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00056-00011639-00011833 continue to look for the positive but of
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00057-00011834-00012226 course he will not be missed people are
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00058-00012227-00012745 cutting the cord as the 2016-2017 TV
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00059-00012746-00013019 season wraps up ad age's reporting that
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00060-00013020-00013297 broadcasters hit new lows just like we
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00061-00013297-00013462 talked about on episode three hundred of
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00062-00013463-00013588 neural next week's a couple weeks ago
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00063-00013588-00013768 people are turning off the TV and
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00064-00013769-00014044 cutting the cord in massive numbers we
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00065-00014044-00014233 like to think in some way it's because
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00066-00014234-00014461 of the alternative media but that's just
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00067-00014462-00014766 one small part of it everybody else is
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00068-00014766-00014988 becoming energized and creating their
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00069-00014990-00015121 own things it's like we'll get to here
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00070-00015122-00015294 in just a moment I've been talking about
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00071-00015295-00015544 all the signs I see in my neighborhood a
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00072-00015544-00015837 little kind of guilty white liberal sign
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00073-00015838-00016234 it's going down or the same website that
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00074-00016235-00016390 brought the story about the Portland
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00075-00016391-00016567 anarchist wrote care they actually have
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00076-00016568-00016900 an article about these tacky tacky ass
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00077-00016901-00017158 yard signs declaring total war on them
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00078-00017159-00017394 now while this can feed into a little
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00079-00017395-00017611 bit more divide and conquer I was just
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00080-00017612-00017853 looking forward to seeing somebody
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00081-00017854-00018003 noticing the same thing I've been
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00082-00018004-00018232 noticing and it's going down basically
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00083-00018233-00018397 has PDFs that you can print up and you
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00084-00018398-00018562 can slap on the face of those yard signs
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00085-00018563-00018712 that basically say hey we've been
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00086-00018713-00018880 fighting the Empire for a long long time
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00087-00018881-00019075 just because you guys been asleep for
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00088-00019076-00019216 the last eight years doesn't mean that
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00089-00019217-00019411 we weren't keeping Obama honest about
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00090-00019412-00019656 all the drone bombing and how's it bush
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00091-00019657-00019930 before him so we'll of course include
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00092-00019931-00020056 that and showing us just like everything
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00093-00020057-00020247 we say in play is always included in the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00094-00020248-00020455 show notes everybody darren in liverpool
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00095-00020456-00020722 noted a radio DJ from west sussex is
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00096-00020723-00021139 vying to become basically his imminent
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00097-00021140-00021283 awesomeness unforgiven what is
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00098-00021284-00021447 ridiculous title would be in a little
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00099-00021448-00021761 tiny unincorporated Italian town
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00100-00021762-00021988 Minnesota truck drivers cat survived
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00101-00021989-00022258 four hundred miles clinging under a semi
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00102-00022259-00022633 that sends out of kaal TV and we have a
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00103-00022634-00022819 huge amount of friends and supporters up
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00104-00022820-00023089 in Minnesota meanwhile over in Chicago
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00105-00023090-00023467 AKA Chirac jon rappoport is for pointing
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00106-00023468-00023694 out the positive yes there is massive
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00107-00023695-00023970 yang and violence and sometimes things
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00108-00023971-00024169 like a breakdown of society in
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00109-00024170-00024525 chicagoland there's also a mat of the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00110-00024526-00024853 massive amount of city gardens urban
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00111-00024854-00025078 gardens community farms that have been
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00112-00025079-00025297 going on in chicago and again that's the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00113-00025298-00025395 way that these things are going to
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00114-00025396-00025518 happen it's not going to happen by
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00115-00025519-00025665 yelling and screaming against the things
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00116-00025666-00025869 that you hate and constantly letting
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00117-00025870-00026031 your enemies live in your head rent-free
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00118-00026032-00026254 it's going to happen by actually you
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00119-00026255-00026442 know put your hands in the dirt which
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00120-00026443-00026793 studies show is actually beneficial in
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00121-00026794-00026945 good for you you need those minerals
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00122-00026947-00027195 living book program offers chance to
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00123-00027197-00027382 learn about cultures our buddy Eric
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00124-00027383-00027537 Moshe points the story out from
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00125-00027538-00027837 Baltimore living book basically is a
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00126-00027838-00028099 human that you can go to Baltimore
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00127-00028100-00028342 library and check them out and they'll
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00128-00028343-00028596 tell you there 15-minute life story and
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00129-00028597-00028732 if you want to learn more about that
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00130-00028733-00028858 then they'll help you get a book off the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00131-00028858-00029023 shelf that then you can go take out like
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00132-00029024-00029208 a normal book but it's a face-to-face
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00133-00029209-00029581 conversation with people meanwhile in
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00134-00029582-00029862 Indonesia uber for taylors empowers
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00135-00029863-00030139 local fashion industry again it's not
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00136-00030139-00030331 about maxtor it's not about uber it's
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00137-00030332-00030468 not about these sort of monolithic
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00138-00030469-00030696 groups it's about the idea and it's
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00139-00030697-00030883 about the decentralization it's about
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00140-00030883-00031099 the localization of these things no one
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00141-00031100-00031287 has to have the monopoly on this you
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00142-00031288-00031495 could start your own uber for Taylor's
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00143-00031495-00031660 oh do you need something six you need
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00144-00031661-00031876 something son I need a super fix from my
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00145-00031877-00032107 other video i wish i can do that do you
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00146-00032108-00032233 know how to do that i haven't you have
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00147-00032233-00032490 to take it somewhere clean the things we
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00148-00032491-00032635 can all figure out for ourselves and
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00149-00032636-00032776 it's not necessarily going to be found
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00150-00032777-00033027 online it might be found with your
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00151-00033028-00033287 actual neighbors living right next door
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00152-00033288-00033471 speaking of neighbors I was actually
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00153-00033472-00033655 watching my neighbor's cat over the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00154-00033656-00033949 weekend and I finally after a couple of
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00155-00033950-00034162 years and periodically looking at Mon
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00156-00034163-00034323 the cat not regularly
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00157-00034324-00034560 any stretch of the imagination I finally
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00158-00034561-00035021 got this very reclusive cat crime out
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00159-00035022-00035223 crawl out from under to the couch and
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00160-00035224-00035451 willingly come to me and let me better I
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00161-00035452-00035655 consider myself some kind of cat
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00162-00035656-00035829 whisperer without that was a huge note
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00163-00035830-00036080 and those are those little small things
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00164-00036081-00036282 that you can do to actually meet and
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00165-00036283-00036474 greet and make connections with your
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00166-00036475-00036699 neighbors [__] falls apart tomorrow who
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00167-00036700-00036855 the hell do you think yours are going to
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00168-00036856-00037143 go to help for or might be worried that
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00169-00037144-00037695 you gave your enemies some of the other
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00170-00037696-00037893 new ways that people are making their
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00171-00037894-00038049 own inventions making their own way
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00172-00038050-00038246 forward a couple in Ireland i believe
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00173-00038247-00038462 created a new safety alarm that they say
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00174-00038463-00038760 is for female joggers as loud as a rock
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00175-00038761-00039048 concert and it basically is on your
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00176-00039049-00039227 wrist like a watch and when you hit that
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00177-00039228-00039471 panic button it makes i think it said is
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00178-00039472-00039708 120 decibels like standing in front of
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00179-00039709-00039873 the speaker at a rock concert which is a
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00180-00039874-00040011 long time music thing i always recommend
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00181-00040012-00040274 i always wear earplugs a concert high
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00182-00040275-00040779 part and it also blacked out messages to
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00183-00040780-00041249 your important emergency contact so
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00184-00041250-00041393 again this doesn't even just have to be
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00185-00041394-00041574 four female joggers hell I might want
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00186-00041575-00041817 one that he's at some point do these are
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00187-00041818-00041949 the kind of things again this didn't
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00188-00041950-00042198 come from some massive corporation this
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00189-00042199-00042455 came from a couple and the dude
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00190-00042456-00042804 accidentally foiled what he thinks was
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00191-00042805-00042971 maybe going to be an assault if you'd
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00192-00042972-00043283 literally ran into the guy and foil the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00193-00043284-00043548 thing so they worked for years creating
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00194-00043549-00043885 this new jogger alarm
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00195-00043886-00044139 I also learned smarting from my buddy
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00196-00044140-00044377 rich of tragedies ho kaam that our
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00197-00044378-00044643 colleague Paul verge of divergent films
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00198-00044644-00044817 who you've seen us talked to in years
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00199-00044818-00045007 past the last time I think it's probably
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00200-00045008-00045202 been well over a year we talked about
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00201-00045203-00045430 how scarred on an episode of navigating
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00202-00045431-00045805 netflix AKA deep focus he's got a new
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00203-00045806-00046008 venture and it's a smart witness there's
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00204-00046009-00046155 a lot of people i told you know i used
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00205-00046156-00046380 to work in in the grocery store and i'm
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00206-00046381-00046660 a big food changes thanks to the help of
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00207-00046661-00046865 my wife Kathy over this last decade-plus
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00208-00046866-00047182 palmer had gotten into the food biz and
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00209-00047183-00047295 he's gotten together with a group of
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00210-00047296-00047476 people to create organic chocolate
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00211-00047477-00047758 snacks called like bikes now not
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00212-00047759-00047895 actually trying to not a paid
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00213-00047896-00048036 endorsement i just heard about it and
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00214-00048037-00048243 when i hear about cool new things my
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00215-00048244-00048414 friends are creating on their own I'm
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00216-00048415-00048586 excited about it I want to share it
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00217-00048587-00048780 that's pretty much a lot of what I've
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00218-00048781-00048927 done throughout my life I'm excited
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00219-00048928-00049189 about sharing news music news and
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00220-00049190-00049474 information and it's delicious organic
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00221-00049475-00049654 well made chocolate snacks that are made
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00222-00049655-00049855 by my friends independently all the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00223-00049856-00050145 better there is an article from zero
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00224-00050146-00050268 hedge and that's how we wrap up this
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00225-00050269-00050430 episode and that's how we kind of get
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00226-00050431-00050730 our title solutions bound to crush the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00227-00050731-00050980 crony to cartels and it is decentralized
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00228-00050981-00051238 and it is local and that house can
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00229-00051239-00051413 happen
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00230-00051414-00051612 if you've been watching the show or been
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00231-00051613-00051787 listening to our ladies morning monarchy
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00232-00051788-00052077 episode we're also new daily DJ sets at
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00233-00052078-00052354 noon I do to live our broadcasts each
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00234-00052354-00052549 and every day Monday through Friday you
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00235-00052550-00052686 can listen all that at mediamonarchy.com
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00236-00052687-00052903 specialism and you don't even have to be
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00237-00052904-00053173 a subscriber or supporter you can get
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00238-00053174-00053466 all that stuff for free now we can't do
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00239-00053467-00053623 this without your support as I've said a
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00240-00053624-00053793 million times equipment-commercial radio
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00241-00053794-00053982 job two summers ago to make media
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00242-00053983-00054180 monarchy my full-time job and I need
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00243-00054182-00054403 your support to continue to do this so I
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00244-00054404-00054516 hope you'll always go to
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00245-00054517-00054750 mediamonarchy.com / support and take the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00246-00054751-00054910 best way that you can give us a little
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00247-00054911-00055200 so we can continue to give a lot I do
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00248-00055201-00055372 want to work on some subscriber only
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00249-00055373-00055600 benefits behind the scenes as of now the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00250-00055601-00055762 only thing you don't get if you're not a
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00251-00055763-00056004 subscriber as their monthly newsletter
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00252-00056004-00056221 like to work on some other things may be
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00253-00056222-00056469 a regular hangout for subscribers that
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00254-00056470-00056737 we could all meetup and chat all those
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00255-00056738-00056919 things are really exciting and we're
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00256-00056920-00057132 only going to do it if we leave the hate
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00257-00057133-00057304 and we leave the division and we leave
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00258-00057304-00057535 around Trump and drawing on that a
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00259-00057536-00057787 janier doesn't none of that's going to
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00260-00057788-00058026 work that's how the Rockefellers have
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00261-00058027-00058341 kept us divided and conquered who will
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00262-00058342-00058540 give us a little precious done little
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00263-00058541-00058672 get all about our very way that
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00264-00058673-00058890 shouldn't going to work anymore I
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00265-00058891-00059154 appreciate you guys being here and it's
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00266-00059155-00059275 a bit like I was going to say if you've
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00267-00059276-00059404 been listening and watching as these
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00268-00059404-00059607 shows lately you know we've got some
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00269-00059608-00059809 family health emergencies my wife's been
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00270-00059810-00060129 out of town for weeks it sucks
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00271-00060129-00060375 I'm trying to hold it together I know
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00272-00060376-00060597 she's got it way worse trying to deal
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00273-00060598-00060812 with health emergencies with your family
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00274-00060813-00061041 so I'm trying to stay strong here so I
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00275-00061041-00061316 can be strong for her and again that's
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00276-00061317-00061601 an analogy in an allegory for all our
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00277-00061602-00061829 other situations and if you don't take
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00278-00061830-00061976 care of yourself internally how are you
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00279-00061977-00062325 getting to be able to share that help so
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00280-00062326-00062492 that's a very impromptu winging it
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00281-00062494-00062694 episode of good news next week I just
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00282-00062695-00062835 wanted to come out here and talk to you
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00283-00062836-00063100 out on the porch and again not the big
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00284-00063101-00063429 sunny beautiful day is hoping thumb that
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00285-00063429-00063563 was going to be I guess that's what i
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00286-00063564-00063716 get for still be enough of the Pacific
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00287-00063717-00063956 Northwest but spring is already
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00288-00063957-00064205 springing and I can see the crocuses and
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00289-00064207-00064410 I can see those lilies already starting
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00290-00064411-00064560 to bloom and already start to sprout us
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00291-00064561-00064694 out of the ground and that's exciting
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00292-00064695-00064986 that makes feel good so let that idea
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00293-00064987-00065229 kind of move us forward I love to hear
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00294-00065229-00065366 from you you can always reach out to me
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00295-00065367-00065594 James at mediamonarchy.com among skype
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00296-00065595-00065799 is media monarchy I'm on wires media
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00297-00065800-00066000 monarchy of course on the tweets that's
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00298-00066001-00066200 probably our most active place as well
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00299-00066201-00066459 we appreciate you here thank you so much
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00300-00066460-00066618 to get them is good news next week
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00301-00066619-00066822 episode 46 for the first day of spring
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00302-00066823-00067188 and the week of March twentieth 2017 i'm
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00303-00067189-00067350 james evan pilato from mediamonarchy.com
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00304-00067351-00067530 thinking so much for watching and
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00305-00067531-00067668 listening and reminding you as always my
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00306-00067669-00067866 friends don't hate the media become the
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00307-00067867-00068169 media take care you're listening to
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00308-00068170-00068586 media monarchy was paying 72 lat 0 since
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00309-00068587-00068901 2005 media monarchy has covered the real
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00310-00068902-00069174 news about politics health technology
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00311-00069175-00069387 and the occult all remixed with music
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00312-00069388-00069488 and media
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00313-00069489-00069822 go to mediamonarchy.com / support and
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00314-00069823-00070037 become a monthly subscriber so you can
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00315-00070038-00070238 help keep independent non-commercial
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00316-00070239-00070400 alternative media growing and growing
+lT0JVLO8Ui0-00317-00070401-00070700 thanks
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00000-00000008-00000223 we now move to first minister's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00001-00000224-00000447 questions question number one joanne
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00002-00000448-00000623 larmont
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00003-00000624-00000839 thank you very much presiding officer to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00004-00000840-00001023 ask the first minister what engagements
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00005-00001024-00001191 he has planned for the rest of the day
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00006-00001192-00001399 first minister hey with permission
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00007-00001400-00001639 presiding officer the this afternoon the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00008-00001639-00001734 government will be making an
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00009-00001735-00001926 announcement and i i want to give the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00010-00001927-00002231 chamber notice of it it is over 20 years
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00011-00002232-00002455 since the poll tax came to an end
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00012-00002456-00002647 and i believe the expanded electoral
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00013-00002648-00002863 rule should not be claimed that could be
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00014-00002864-00003567 used to collect poll tax debts
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00015-00003568-00003735 it is of course within the law for
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00016-00003736-00003927 councils to use current information to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00017-00003928-00004191 assess current council tax liability and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00018-00004192-00004375 given the council tax reduction scheme
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00019-00004376-00004679 protects 500 000 of our poorest citizens
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00020-00004680-00004870 the tax is being applied in a proper and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00021-00004871-00004983 fair way
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00022-00004984-00005135 however the relevance of information
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00023-00005136-00005286 from the current electoral register to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00024-00005287-00005591 position of debts from 25 years ago is
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00025-00005592-00005735 difficult to fathom
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00026-00005736-00005879 through some misguided political
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00027-00005880-00006134 intention the total collected last year
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00028-00006135-00006378 from poll tax debt around scotland was
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00029-00006379-00006623 396 000 pounds
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00030-00006623-00006783 therefore i can announce today it's the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00031-00006784-00007006 government's intention to bring forward
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00032-00007008-00007239 legislation to ensure that councils can
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00033-00007240-00007423 take no further action to recover
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00034-00007423-00007759 ancient poll tax debts after 25 years
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00035-00007759-00007974 it's about time that the poll tax was
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00036-00007975-00009167 finally dead and buried in scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00037-00009168-00009319 i think it would have been helpful first
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00038-00009320-00009527 minister if i had some indication that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00039-00009528-00009767 he intended to make an announcement and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00040-00009768-00010055 i think it may have been
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00041-00010056-00010231 i think the parliament may have been
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00042-00010232-00010478 better served by a statement at some
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00043-00010479-00010646 point during today's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00044-00010647-00010759 business
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00045-00010760-00010991 joanne lamont
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00046-00010992-00011167 i look forward to the first minister's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00047-00011168-00011431 legislative programme and his ending of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00048-00011432-00011638 the underfunding of local government
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00049-00011639-00012167 full stop
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00050-00012168-00012414 but back to first ministers questions
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00051-00012415-00012599 this week we learned that the scottish
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00052-00012600-00012742 government is failing to meet its
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00053-00012743-00012991 targets for cancer waiting times and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00054-00012991-00013247 we're flying in consultants from india
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00055-00013247-00013511 to cover weekend staffing shortages the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00056-00013512-00013686 health service that the first minister
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00057-00013687-00013919 made front and centre of his failed
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00058-00013919-00014279 referendum campaign is facing half a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00059-00014280-00014583 billion pounds worth of cuts that his
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00060-00014584-00014863 government refuses to acknowledge
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00061-00014863-00015103 against that backdrop how is the first
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00062-00015104-00015294 minister's handicap at the gulf coming
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00063-00015295-00015503 along first minister
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00064-00015504-00015750 uh well uh two things the performance
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00065-00015751-00015950 against the 30
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00066-00015951-00016327 day 31 day cancer targets 96.3
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00067-00016328-00016647 a percent around scotland above the 95
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00068-00016648-00017047 the 62-day target is 92.9
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00069-00017048-00017319 which is below target but a significant
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00070-00017320-00017494 improvement not just on the previous
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00071-00017495-00017591 quarter
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00072-00017592-00017839 but also of course in any figure
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00073-00017840-00017999 achieved when the labour party were in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00074-00018000-00018207 power joanne lambert will remember of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00075-00018208-00018486 course that the target was never met in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00076-00018487-00018735 any quarter over the entire time that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00077-00018736-00019086 the labour party were in power 92.9
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00078-00019087-00019199 is of course
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00079-00019200-00019407 short of the target
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00080-00019408-00019719 it is significantly higher than the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00081-00019720-00019950 achievements in either
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00082-00019951-00020207 england or wales but nonetheless we must
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00083-00020208-00020463 strive to meet these cancer targets in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00084-00020464-00020679 full because they're hugely important
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00085-00020680-00020839 for the scottish people
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00086-00020840-00020983 as for the national health service
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00087-00020984-00021143 funding national health service budget
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00088-00021144-00021383 will increase in real terms next year mr
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00089-00021384-00021519 swinney will be announcing budget
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00090-00021520-00021719 proposals for the following year
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00091-00021720-00021999 in terms of his announcement next week
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00092-00022000-00022175 you can be absolutely certain that this
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00093-00022176-00022414 government will redeem its commitment to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00094-00022415-00022591 make sure that the front line national
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00095-00022592-00022758 health service budget continues to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00096-00022759-00022975 increase in real terms something which
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00097-00022976-00023158 was not promised by the labour party
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00098-00023159-00023467 either in 2007 or in the run-up to the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00099-00023468-00023678 2011 election
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00100-00023679-00023911 that means and i suspect it's one of the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00101-00023912-00024111 key reasons why this government is
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00102-00024112-00024311 trusted on the national health service
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00103-00024312-00024550 and the coalition of opposition parties
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00104-00024551-00024839 neither of them are not
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00105-00024840-00025119 do you anomic
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00106-00025120-00025278 the first minister might not be aware
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00107-00025279-00025486 but dr peter benny who's the chair of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00108-00025487-00025790 bma scotland has asked for an honest
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00109-00025791-00026094 public debate that response fails on
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00110-00026095-00026487 every single one of these counts
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00111-00026488-00026711 and reveals a degree of complacency that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00112-00026712-00027007 even i am as i'm astonished by just
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00113-00027008-00027239 weeks before scotland made the decision
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00114-00027239-00027590 just weeks just weeks before scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00115-00027591-00027855 made the decision to vote no the chief
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00116-00027856-00028087 executives of our health boards held
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00117-00028088-00028295 crisis talks with scottish government
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00118-00028295-00028623 officials about the future of the nhs
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00119-00028624-00028870 they warned that half a billion pounds
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00120-00028872-00029174 worth of cuts were coming down the line
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00121-00029175-00029462 after two years of dismissing the daily
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00122-00029463-00029702 warnings of staffing shortages missed
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00123-00029704-00029983 targets and failures in patient care is
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00124-00029983-00030214 the first minister now willing to have
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00125-00030216-00030414 the real debate about the future of our
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00126-00030416-00030646 nhs that his health boards are asking
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00127-00030647-00030895 for or is he or is he going to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00128-00030895-00031102 concentrate his time in the golf course
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00129-00031103-00031383 while we wait for nicola sturgeons
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00130-00031383-00031590 while we wait for nicola sturgeon's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00131-00031591-00031895 coronation before getting back to work
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00132-00031895-00032070 first minister
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00133-00032072-00032367 right on the the two points specifically
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00134-00032368-00032590 the 92.9
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00135-00032591-00032758 performance which we are not complacent
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00136-00032760-00032911 about which is why we're working to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00137-00032912-00033207 bring it up to the 95 and beyond
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00138-00033208-00033574 compares with 84.5
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00139-00033575-00033718 which was the last quarter when the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00140-00033719-00033902 labour party were in office now john
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00141-00033903-00034199 lamont seems surprised and perplexed
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00142-00034200-00034431 that i should mention this i merely say
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00143-00034432-00034646 for the labour party and opposition to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00144-00034647-00035023 say in my view quite rightly that 92.9
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00145-00035024-00035223 achievement of that target is not good
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00146-00035224-00035335 enough
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00147-00035336-00035574 it does seem relevant to point out that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00148-00035575-00035827 the key figure the same figure was
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00149-00035828-00036174 84.5 percent when they left office and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00150-00036175-00036423 of course the health minister of the day
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00151-00036424-00036671 hailed these performances both in cancer
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00152-00036672-00036911 targets and in accident emergency as
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00153-00036912-00037151 great achievements of the labour party
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00154-00037152-00037455 in office if 84.5
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00155-00037456-00037846 was a great achievement how come 92.9
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00156-00037847-00038127 is totally inadequate we work to improve
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00157-00038128-00038359 these things all the time on the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00158-00038360-00038567 question of the budget of the national
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00159-00038568-00038815 health service we can say that the real
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00160-00038816-00038999 term budget of the frontline national
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00161-00039000-00039215 health service will continue to increase
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00162-00039216-00039543 in scotland a commitment not made by the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00163-00039544-00039855 labour party in opposition never mind in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00164-00039856-00040127 government in 2007 and of course a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00165-00040128-00040295 commitment has not been redeemed by the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00166-00040296-00040551 labor party in office in wales facing
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00167-00040552-00040815 the same political and economic
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00168-00040816-00041055 pressures from westminster government so
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00169-00041056-00041246 let me repeat the national health
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00170-00041247-00041471 service budget will continue to increase
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00171-00041472-00041695 in the front line in real terms in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00172-00041696-00042230 scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00173-00042231-00042495 if anyone is surprised and perplexed it
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00174-00042496-00042751 will be people across this country staff
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00175-00042752-00043007 and patients who listen to that answer
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00176-00043008-00043223 and wonder if the first minister ever
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00177-00043224-00043462 understands what's going on in the real
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00178-00043463-00043671 world
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00179-00043672-00044087 his own his own leaked paper says and i
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00180-00044088-00044351 quote there is collective agreement from
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00181-00044352-00044574 the leadership across all the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00182-00044575-00044758 professional management and clinical
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00183-00044759-00045007 groups that planning for immediate
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00184-00045008-00045271 transformational change is necessary and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00185-00045272-00045551 difficult but radical and urgent
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00186-00045552-00045879 decisions need to be made it continues
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00187-00045880-00046087 the status quo and preservation of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00188-00046088-00046335 existing models of care are no longer an
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00189-00046336-00046646 option given the pressing challenges we
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00190-00046647-00046727 face
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00191-00046728-00046871 let me recap
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00192-00046872-00047262 immediate necessary urgent pressing not
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00193-00047263-00047535 my words but those of the people running
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00194-00047536-00047718 our nhs
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00195-00047719-00047927 after two years of dismissing the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00196-00047928-00048190 problems in our health service how long
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00197-00048191-00048446 do the people of scotland have to wait
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00198-00048447-00048671 before the government accepts a scale of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00199-00048672-00048918 the challenge and gets round to fixing
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00200-00048919-00049399 our nhs first minister
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00201-00049400-00049615 let's look at these pressures on the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00202-00049616-00049790 national health service there is the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00203-00049791-00049990 revaluation of pensions through a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00204-00049991-00050255 westminster government decision it is a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00205-00050256-00050495 westminster government decision there's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00206-00050496-00050686 a withdrawal of the national insurance
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00207-00050687-00050927 rebate another westminster government
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00208-00050928-00051199 decision there of course our staff costs
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00209-00051200-00051407 identified as a pressure what are the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00210-00051408-00051630 staff costs particular to the scottish
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00211-00051632-00051894 national health service our decision to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00212-00051895-00052079 pay the nurses and other staff in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00213-00052079-00052270 scotland a pay increase
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00214-00052271-00052471 a pay increase not reflected south of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00215-00052472-00052638 the border where they are now facing
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00216-00052639-00052838 strike action as a result of their
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00217-00052839-00053054 betrayal of national health service
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00218-00053055-00053350 staff all of that indicates to me and i
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00219-00053351-00053559 suspect to the people of scotland that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00220-00053560-00053750 in order to protect and preserve our
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00221-00053751-00053935 national health service we have to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00222-00053936-00054166 control the finances not just the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00223-00054167-00054423 administration of our national health
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00224-00054424-00054599 service the pressures and there are
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00225-00054600-00054799 pressures coming on our health service
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00226-00054800-00055007 are coming on as a consequence of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00227-00055008-00055215 westminster government decisions which
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00228-00055216-00055463 is why it makes the labour party's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00229-00055464-00055750 incredible decision to campaign hand in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00230-00055751-00055942 gloves shoulder to shoulder with a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00231-00055944-00056191 conservative party something which they
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00232-00056191-00056463 will pay a heavy price for in coming
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00233-00056464-00056807 weeks and months
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00234-00056808-00057094 do our moment
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00235-00057095-00057407 scotland's doctors and nhs managers
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00236-00057408-00057759 agree we need action to fix an nhs which
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00237-00057760-00058119 was described by the bma as a car crash
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00238-00058120-00058391 for two years scotland has been on pause
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00239-00058391-00058959 while alex salmond fights his referendum
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00240-00058960-00059047 now
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00241-00059048-00059335 now he's gone part-time with no program
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00242-00059336-00059638 for government and what we see here
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00243-00059639-00059919 is a re-running of the referendum
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00244-00059920-00060207 argument blaming westminster rather than
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00245-00060208-00060438 taking responsibility and running the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00246-00060439-00060742 country
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00247-00060744-00061079 we deserve better we deserve better from
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00248-00061079-00061271 the first minister of scotland than
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00249-00061272-00061630 simply that response there can be no
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00250-00061632-00061942 doubt our health service will come under
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00251-00061944-00062199 even further pressure this winter and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00252-00062200-00062559 action is needed when is this government
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00253-00062560-00062775 going to get back to work and fix our
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00254-00062776-00063079 nhs first minister
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00255-00063079-00063311 national health service budget risen by
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00256-00063312-00063559 three percent in real terms over this
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00257-00063560-00063782 government's term of office over and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00258-00063783-00064071 above inflation in the frontline budget
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00259-00064072-00064238 in wales the national health service
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00260-00064239-00064542 budget has fallen 3.6
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00261-00064544-00064806 in real time mr findlay uh a labour
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00262-00064807-00065023 administration johan lamont seems to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00263-00065024-00065150 shrug away
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00264-00065151-00065366 the indications that we have so many
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00265-00065367-00065535 indications that their decision to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00266-00065536-00065703 campaign shoulder to shoulder with a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00267-00065704-00065935 conservative party is going to cost them
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00268-00065936-00066238 dear the bbc it was right to join the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00269-00066239-00066479 tories according to joanne lamont
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00270-00066480-00066671 unfortunately for joanne lamont that is
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00271-00066672-00066903 not the view of the labour party
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00272-00066904-00067150 supporters in scotland or should i say
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00273-00067151-00067367 former labour's party supporters i've
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00274-00067368-00067463 just been
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00275-00067464-00067606 handed the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00276-00067607-00067847 indications from the latest uh panel
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00277-00067848-00068119 based poll to be released today uh well
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00278-00068120-00068231 i'm not going to read out the whole
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00279-00068232-00068350 thing i like
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00280-00068351-00068526 johnson's benefit because it's very bad
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00281-00068527-00068782 news for the concept of party as well
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00282-00068783-00069087 but a 15-point lead for the snp ahead at
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00283-00069088-00069215 westminster
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00284-00069216-00069447 modesty forbids the trust ratings for
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00285-00069448-00069582 the various political leaders for
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00286-00069583-00069847 mentioning it mine in particular and let
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00287-00069848-00070071 me say all of the unionist party
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00288-00070072-00070287 coalition are negative in terms of trust
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00289-00070288-00070471 that doesn't surprise me nicholas
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00290-00070472-00070711 sturgeon emerges with glowing trust
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00291-00070712-00070950 ratings and i'm sure she'll take forward
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00292-00070951-00071247 the cudgels in the future
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00293-00071248-00071406 ruth davidson
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00294-00071407-00071550 thank you presiding officer to ask the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00295-00071551-00071711 first minister when he'll next meet the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00296-00071712-00071950 prime minister first minister no plans
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00297-00071951-00072238 in the near future ruth davidson
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00298-00072239-00072438 yesterday the prime minister promised to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00299-00072439-00072615 protect health spending for the next
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00300-00072616-00073006 five years a promise
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00301-00073007-00073167 a promise similar to the one he gave
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00302-00073168-00073438 before the 2010 general election
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00303-00073439-00073638 alex salmond made the same promise a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00304-00073639-00073919 year later saying that every penny of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00305-00073920-00074126 extra health spending down south would
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00306-00074127-00074447 be passed to scotland's nhs but here's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00307-00074448-00074567 the difference
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00308-00074568-00074823 the prime minister kept his promise but
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00309-00074824-00075119 the first minister broke his and we know
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00310-00075120-00075271 this
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00311-00075272-00075494 we know this because the independent ifs
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00312-00075495-00075679 crunched the numbers
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00313-00075680-00075926 health spending by the uk government
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00314-00075927-00076247 up 4.4 percent and the same spending by
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00315-00076248-00076638 the scottish government down 1.2 percent
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00316-00076639-00076838 alex hammond has broken his health
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00317-00076839-00077071 promises in the past so what can he do
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00318-00077072-00077279 today to assure the people of scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00319-00077280-00077526 that our nhs won't lose out in the next
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00320-00077527-00077815 five years like it has done in the last
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00321-00077816-00078015 first minister national health service
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00322-00078016-00078199 spending in scotland has increased in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00323-00078200-00078423 real terms and every single penny of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00324-00078424-00078655 consequentials has been put on to the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00325-00078656-00078862 frontline national health service budget
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00326-00078863-00079031 in scotland the reason for the ifs
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00327-00079032-00079271 report is they included sport they
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00328-00079272-00079447 included the commonwealth games
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00329-00079448-00079671 expenditure as ruth davidson might
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00330-00079672-00079862 remember the commonwealth games was a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00331-00079863-00080094 big spending but the health service and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00332-00080095-00080303 sport although interrelated in terms of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00333-00080304-00080503 the effects they can have are hardly the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00334-00080504-00080782 same thing every single penny of health
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00335-00080783-00081031 service consequences has been invested
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00336-00081032-00081206 in the health service in scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00337-00081207-00081438 unfortunately of course we now find the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00338-00081439-00081591 pressures coming on through the back
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00339-00081592-00081823 door from westminster and pensions and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00340-00081824-00081999 national insurance something that the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00341-00082000-00082231 prime minister forgot to mention in his
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00342-00082232-00082550 speech which is perhaps why 500 000
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00343-00082551-00082743 members of the national health service
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00344-00082744-00082967 in england are going on strike as a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00345-00082968-00083175 result of the prime minister and ruth
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00346-00083176-00083382 davidson's lack of care towards the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00347-00083383-00083631 health service staff
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00348-00083632-00083918 davidson
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00349-00083919-00084006 thank you
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00350-00084007-00084150 i thought the first minister might say
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00351-00084151-00084711 that which is why
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00352-00084712-00084935 it's why we phoned the ifs this morning
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00353-00084936-00085126 and we spoke to the report's author who
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00354-00085127-00085375 not only stands by the figure but told
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00355-00085376-00085631 us that he spoke to the snp to explain
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00356-00085632-00085806 why the ifs was right and the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00357-00085807-00085991 government's frantic spin about sport
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00358-00085992-00086118 was way off the mark in fact i'll read
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00359-00086119-00086391 from it now this sub portfolio covers
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00360-00086392-00086591 health only and does not include things
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00361-00086592-00086847 such as sport the commonwealth games etc
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00362-00086848-00087175 which are separate sub portfolios
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00363-00087176-00087359 and here's why this matters
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00364-00087360-00087518 this matters because if the scottish
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00365-00087519-00087694 government had done what they said they
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00366-00087695-00087894 were going to do and match uk health
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00367-00087895-00088303 funding our nhs would have received 700
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00368-00088304-00088567 million pounds more money
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00369-00088568-00088918 700 million pounds that they promised to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00370-00088919-00089182 spend on doctors and nurses cancer care
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00371-00089183-00089438 and a e that instead has been funneled
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00372-00089439-00089711 somewhere else 700 million pounds
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00373-00089712-00089959 promised but never delivered
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00374-00089960-00090175 and this is serious this is serious and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00375-00090176-00090382 it's probably why the health minister
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00376-00090383-00090567 last week stood up and the first
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00377-00090568-00090726 minister this week repeated it and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00378-00090727-00090950 cynically tried to rubbish the ifs's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00379-00090951-00091271 work but here's the problem alex neil
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00380-00091272-00091462 and now alex salmond have made that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00381-00091463-00091623 claim in the full knowledge that it was
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00382-00091624-00091775 wrong and i am happy to release the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00383-00091776-00091950 email that shows it
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00384-00091951-00092150 so the smaller question is why the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00385-00092151-00092311 health secretary and now the first
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00386-00092312-00092518 minister has misled parliament but the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00387-00092519-00092791 bigger one is why this government didn't
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00388-00092792-00093087 give the health service 700 million
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00389-00093088-00093479 pounds that they promised it
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00390-00093480-00093679 well if ruth davidson
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00391-00093680-00093855 had knew the answer then she shouldn't
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00392-00093856-00094182 have repeated the misinformation
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00393-00094183-00094367 the health service budget frontline in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00394-00094368-00094631 scotland has gone up by 3.2 percent in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00395-00094632-00094855 real terms how enough would that be
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00396-00094856-00095094 possible given the seven percent decline
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00397-00095095-00095287 in the scottish government's budget
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00398-00095288-00095543 unless every pound of consequences have
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00399-00095544-00095718 been passed on to the health service in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00400-00095719-00095926 scotland how would it be possible for us
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00401-00095927-00096174 to have improvements across the range of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00402-00096175-00096350 targets in the health service over the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00403-00096351-00096487 period of office how would it be
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00404-00096488-00096647 possible to have more staff in the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00405-00096648-00096879 health service and above all how is it
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00406-00096880-00097047 possible to ensure under these
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00407-00097048-00097223 straightened circumstances that the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00408-00097224-00097374 national health service staff in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00409-00097375-00097606 scotland are at work and not on strike
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00410-00097607-00097887 as they are south of the border if i was
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00411-00097888-00098047 drift davis to the figures i would be
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00412-00098048-00098462 looking at very carefully are the 9120
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00413-00098463-00098662 that's the number of families who are
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00414-00098663-00098847 going to be affected in the single
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00415-00098848-00099015 constituency the tories hold at
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00416-00099016-00099294 westminster by the 12 benefit cuts or
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00417-00099295-00099487 the 5600
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00418-00099488-00099679 people who are going to be affected by
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00419-00099680-00099935 the extraordinary decision to reduce the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00420-00099936-00100167 amount paid to the working poor in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00421-00100168-00100399 scotland people who work for a living
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00422-00100400-00100582 and are now going to be cheated by the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00423-00100583-00100799 conservative party these are the people
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00424-00100800-00100959 that ruth davidson should be worried
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00425-00100960-00101287 about
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00426-00101288-00101711 question 3 will already
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00427-00101712-00101855 to ask the first minister what issues
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00428-00101856-00102006 will be discussed at the next meeting of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00429-00102007-00102199 the cabinet first minister issues of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00430-00102200-00102527 importance to the people of scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00431-00102528-00102742 when the first minister goes
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00432-00102743-00102942 will he please take kenny mccaskill with
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00433-00102943-00103682 him
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00434-00103683-00103871 no
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00435-00103872-00104102 will there any
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00436-00104103-00104415 but surely he's had enough of defending
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00437-00104416-00104582 the justice secretary
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00438-00104583-00104734 the first minister said that he was
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00439-00104735-00105015 comfortable with stopping and searching
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00440-00105016-00105271 policy for children just before the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00441-00105272-00105502 policy was abandoned he rallied to his
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00442-00105503-00105719 defense on the abolition of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00443-00105720-00106015 corroboration before it was put on hold
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00444-00106016-00106295 and he stood on that very spot lecturing
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00445-00106296-00106551 me that was for public safety reasons
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00446-00106552-00106807 the police were armed routinely now
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00447-00106808-00106943 that's gone too
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00448-00106944-00107231 meanwhile kenny mccaskill shrugs with
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00449-00107232-00107495 casual indifference as if justice is
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00450-00107496-00107775 nothing to do with him he's more trouble
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00451-00107776-00107895 than he's worth
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00452-00107896-00108166 now that the referendum is over and to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00453-00108167-00108415 save his successor the bother will he
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00454-00108416-00108615 please just take kenny mccaskill with
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00455-00108616-00108695 him
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00456-00108696-00108878 first minister sorry if over these years
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00457-00108879-00109031 that willy renee believes i've been
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00458-00109032-00109247 lecturing and the lecture depends
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00459-00109248-00109407 not just in a willing teacher but a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00460-00109408-00109615 willing pupil and therefore i've never
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00461-00109616-00109927 tried to uh lecture willie too much i'll
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00462-00109928-00110110 tell you just one reason of the many i
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00463-00110111-00110399 could say about mr mccaskill and that is
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00464-00110400-00110615 as was said by graham pearson on the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00465-00110616-00110799 radio this morning and therefore it must
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00466-00110800-00111166 be correct that crime in scotland a 39
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00467-00111167-00111623 year low a 39 year low that's why this
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00468-00111624-00111902 justice sector is on a high
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00469-00111903-00112390 quest number four kevin stoops
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00470-00112391-00112566 to ask the first minister what action
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00471-00112567-00112734 the scottish government is taking to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00472-00112735-00112975 support people affected by uk government
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00473-00112976-00113175 welfare reform first minister well a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00474-00113176-00113366 range of actions to mitigate mitigate
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00475-00113367-00113551 the impact of uk government welfare
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00476-00113552-00113847 reform we're providing 260 million over
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00477-00113848-00114183 the period 2013 14 to 15 16 to help
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00478-00114183-00114399 those most affected we and our local
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00479-00114400-00114543 government partners have committed a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00480-00114544-00114919 total of 40 million in 2013 14 and 14 15
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00481-00114920-00115110 to fill the gap on funding from the uk
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00482-00115111-00115286 government for council tax benefits
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00483-00115288-00115486 successor arrangements and ensure that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00484-00115488-00115571 over
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00485-00115572-00115902 537 000 vulnerable people in scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00486-00115903-00116063 have been protected from increased
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00487-00116064-00116254 council tax liability we have
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00488-00116255-00116454 established a new scottish welfare fund
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00489-00116455-00116686 with funding of 33 million pounds a year
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00490-00116688-00116871 to replace discretionary elements of the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00491-00116872-00117078 social fund and we have provided seven
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00492-00117079-00117231 million pounds for welfare reform
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00493-00117232-00117399 mitigation in each of the three years
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00494-00117400-00117583 from 2013-14
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00495-00117583-00117847 such advice and support services we will
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00496-00117848-00118039 continue to do what we can within the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00497-00118040-00118183 powers we have to help those most
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00498-00118183-00118351 affected by cuts and changes being
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00499-00118352-00118551 imposed by the westminster government
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00500-00118552-00118790 and perhaps the better solution would be
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00501-00118791-00119007 to bring these powers under the control
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00502-00119008-00119263 of this parliament kevin sure
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00503-00119264-00119439 the deputy first minister has written to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00504-00119440-00119623 the prime minister calling for him to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00505-00119624-00119871 delay the implementation of universal
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00506-00119872-00120095 credit in scotland until the smith
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00507-00120096-00120278 commission has reached its conclusions
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00508-00120279-00120575 and welfare a position i think that all
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00509-00120576-00120799 parties in this parliament could and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00510-00120800-00121023 should support does the first minister
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00511-00121024-00121183 agree with me that this parliament
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00512-00121183-00121343 should have the powers it needs to make
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00513-00121344-00121566 scotland a fairer country including
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00514-00121567-00121823 welfare powers
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00515-00121824-00122071 yeah i mean as the uh deputy first
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00516-00122072-00122199 minister made clearing a letter
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00517-00122200-00122366 yesterday to the prime minister the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00518-00122367-00122551 rollout universal credit undermines the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00519-00122552-00122783 unionist party's vow to divide evolve
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00520-00122783-00122990 for their welfare powers which is made
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00521-00122991-00123239 more urgent by the tory's continuing
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00522-00123240-00123439 attack on welfare which their colleagues
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00523-00123440-00123727 in the labour party now seem to support
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00524-00123728-00124031 so in that context given that vows are
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00525-00124032-00124175 meant to be kept
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00526-00124176-00124383 then surely we can look forward to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00527-00124383-00124647 unanimous support in this chamber as far
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00528-00124648-00124751 as the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00529-00124752-00124975 the letter and the request of the deputy
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00530-00124976-00125319 first minister to the prime minister
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00531-00125320-00125471 jackie bailey
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00532-00125472-00125647 the first minister will recall the joint
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00533-00125648-00125814 approach taken by both labour and the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00534-00125815-00126007 scottish government at the last budget
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00535-00126008-00126214 round to ensure that the bedroom tax was
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00536-00126215-00126423 fully mitigated this year there are
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00537-00126424-00126639 however some cases of people who are
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00538-00126640-00126823 being pursued for arrears from the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00539-00126824-00127039 previous financial year will he make
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00540-00127040-00127278 clear today that local authorities are
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00541-00127279-00127463 allowed to use their current funding
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00542-00127464-00127639 from the scottish government to clear
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00543-00127640-00128007 bedroom tax areas for 2013-14
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00544-00128008-00128247 yeah mr swinney will be addressing this
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00545-00128248-00128519 very point in his budget statement next
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00546-00128520-00128719 week i shall let him do so and i'm sure
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00547-00128720-00129014 that we will stand shoulder to shoulder
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00548-00129015-00129247 with jackie bailly on these issues and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00549-00129248-00129414 i'm sure that once she realizes the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00550-00129415-00129654 benefits of that then she'll realize
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00551-00129655-00129878 also the inescapable logic of an
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00552-00129879-00129983 argument
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00553-00129983-00130223 that not only could this parliament
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00554-00130224-00130414 control welfare but should control
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00555-00130415-00130614 welfare so across the range of other
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00556-00130615-00130790 issues we can provide the same
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00557-00130791-00130975 protection to the people of scotland and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00558-00130976-00131102 particularly the poorest people in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00559-00131103-00131199 scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00560-00131200-00131366 that we are doing on the bedroom tax
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00561-00131367-00131535 wouldn't it be much simpler if we had
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00562-00131536-00131775 these powers in our hands question five
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00563-00131776-00131943 grand pearson
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00564-00131944-00132111 thank you presiding officer to ask the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00565-00132112-00132287 first minister what the government's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00566-00132288-00132519 response is to kosovo's agreement to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00567-00132520-00132711 oppose a policy of allowing police
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00568-00132712-00132951 officers to carry guns whilst carrying
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00569-00132952-00133143 out routine duties first minute well of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00570-00133144-00133295 course i'm aware of cause this position
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00571-00133296-00133431 reported following the meeting at the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00572-00133432-00133566 end of last week police scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00573-00133567-00133743 announced yesterday that they have
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00574-00133744-00133871 reviewed the current position they've
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00575-00133872-00134095 taken to current risk and threat a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00576-00134096-00134254 balance this were recent concerns
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00577-00134255-00134454 expressed by politicians and the public
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00578-00134455-00134639 have decided the standing authority to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00579-00134640-00134814 carry firearms should remain in place
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00580-00134815-00135043 for that small number of officers
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00581-00135044-00135323 275 out of 17
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00582-00135324-00135607 318 officers however the chief constable
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00583-00135608-00135814 has also stated that firearms officers
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00584-00135815-00136023 will now only be deployed to firearms
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00585-00136024-00136247 instance or where there is a threat to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00586-00136248-00136343 life
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00587-00136344-00136463 in pearson
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00588-00136464-00136614 i thank the first minister for that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00589-00136615-00136847 reply given the months of controversy
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00590-00136848-00137007 does the first minister now accept
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00591-00137008-00137239 public concerns around the matter does
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00592-00137240-00137423 he agree parliament was promised a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00593-00137424-00137702 strong scottish police authority
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00594-00137703-00137943 exercising diligence in terms of holding
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00595-00137944-00138135 the chief constable to account through
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00596-00138136-00138287 governance accountability and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00597-00138288-00138527 transparency and that the authorities
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00598-00138528-00138759 should have examined the policy options
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00599-00138760-00138999 to identify the best way forward on this
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00600-00139000-00139287 matter before any decision was taken
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00601-00139288-00139519 does he also agree that in the absence
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00602-00139520-00139759 of that action the justice secretary
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00603-00139760-00139911 should have called on the authority
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00604-00139912-00140175 members to take steps at a much earlier
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00605-00140176-00140471 stage to away justify public concerns
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00606-00140472-00140775 first minister no actually i i i think
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00607-00140776-00141023 the process shows a response of police
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00608-00141024-00141143 service to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00609-00141144-00141431 a political and public concern and i
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00610-00141432-00141566 think that should be applauded and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00611-00141567-00141871 complemented i i actually agree with a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00612-00141872-00142111 great deal of what graham pearson says
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00613-00142112-00142254 on these issues
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00614-00142255-00142414 one trouble i've got
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00615-00142415-00142654 is to try and reconcile what he says now
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00616-00142655-00142854 with what he said in his previous
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00617-00142855-00142975 existence
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00618-00142976-00143311 as head of the sdea
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00619-00143312-00143463 well i think it is quite relevant
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00620-00143464-00143631 because i think there's a lot of common
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00621-00143632-00143727 sense
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00622-00143728-00143983 when he said as head of the sda that he
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00623-00143984-00144190 wanted a standing authority for his
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00624-00144191-00144431 officers that's almost 200 officers in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00625-00144432-00144735 scotland to carry firearms now i make
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00626-00144736-00144911 that point and i'll read the exact quote
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00627-00144912-00145135 if we like in the dead of the night when
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00628-00145136-00145311 we are dealing with those we identify as
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00629-00145312-00145487 the most serious criminals in scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00630-00145488-00145599 sometimes in europe we should have an
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00631-00145600-00145759 emergency situation where firearms
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00632-00145760-00145959 predict to become an issue i think my
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00633-00145960-00146166 officers have the right to be protected
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00634-00146167-00146366 and also have a duty to protect the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00635-00146367-00146647 public i agree with that point i just
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00636-00146648-00146839 find sometimes i find it difficult to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00637-00146840-00147023 reconcile the common sense of that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00638-00147024-00147295 argument back in 2005 with some of the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00639-00147296-00147471 stuff that his colleagues have come out
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00640-00147472-00147631 with in recent weeks
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00641-00147632-00147966 graham pearson
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00642-00147967-00148143 i think in fairness the first minister
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00643-00148144-00148326 must acknowledge there's a great deal of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00644-00148327-00148487 difference between dealing with
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00645-00148488-00148735 organized crime criminals who have
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00646-00148736-00148990 previously been involved in firearms and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00647-00148991-00149247 were suspected of murder there's a great
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00648-00149248-00149383 deal of difference between the threat
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00649-00149384-00149614 that's presented there and an officer
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00650-00149615-00151190 wandering the main streets of our town
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00651-00151191-00151423 that's why i accept and see the logic of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00652-00151424-00151671 the point yes which i've just said in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00653-00151672-00152135 2005 but let me repeat there are 200 of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00654-00152136-00152390 these officers in scotland there are
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00655-00152391-00152507 only
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00656-00152508-00152887 275 in total with standing authority and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00657-00152888-00153135 what graeme pearson has to reconcile is
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00658-00153136-00153471 how is that number of 275 compatible
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00659-00153472-00153711 with 200 officers having standing
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00660-00153712-00154014 authority for that one specific offence
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00661-00154015-00154190 that's why i think the logic and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00662-00154191-00154519 credibility of what he said in 2005 is
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00663-00154520-00154743 very difficult to reconcile with some of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00664-00154744-00154951 the arguments of his of his colleagues
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00665-00154952-00155351 recently
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00666-00155352-00155463 thank you
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00667-00155464-00155639 thank you few of us think that the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00668-00155640-00155823 industrial scale of stop and search or
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00669-00155824-00155999 the distinct policy change on armed
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00670-00156000-00156223 policing were purely and simply an
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00671-00156224-00156439 operational matter and yet the chief
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00672-00156440-00156614 constable with the justice secretary's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00673-00156615-00156847 tacit approval has repeatedly
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00674-00156848-00157054 repeatedly relied on those two little
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00675-00157055-00157302 words to avoid proper scrutiny does the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00676-00157303-00157478 first minister agree with me that it is
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00677-00157479-00157711 time to codify the scope and reach of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00678-00157712-00157878 the chief constables operational
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00679-00157879-00158166 independence first minister no i think
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00680-00158167-00158239 the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00681-00158240-00158407 the process that we've gone through on
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00682-00158408-00158647 this issue has been a very good one and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00683-00158648-00158775 i cannot
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00684-00158776-00159078 well i i think when a police service
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00685-00159079-00159399 it responds to public concern in a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00686-00159400-00159551 constructive way i think there should be
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00687-00159552-00159711 a party for doing that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00688-00159712-00159911 and i would have thought that this
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00689-00159912-00160143 process has come to a conclusion which i
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00690-00160144-00160351 hope and believe that that people think
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00691-00160352-00160687 is is satisfactory and therefore i think
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00692-00160688-00160935 protecting the operational independence
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00693-00160936-00161166 of the chief constable and his ability
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00694-00161167-00161423 to deploy the resources he has to best
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00695-00161424-00161607 effect to keep the people of scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00696-00161608-00161799 safe from harm is something that should
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00697-00161800-00161975 be strongly protected and i would have
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00698-00161976-00162239 thought this process vindicates the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00699-00162240-00162439 argument that we have a police service
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00700-00162440-00162614 in scotland which is held in the highest
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00701-00162615-00162887 regard in public esteem and responds
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00702-00162888-00163087 also to public concern when it's voiced
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00703-00163088-00163302 and what on earth do parliamentarians
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00704-00163303-00163535 expect the police service to do if it's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00705-00163536-00163726 not to listen to parliamentary and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00706-00163727-00163902 public concern and that should be
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00707-00163903-00164166 applauded and complemented not treated
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00708-00164167-00164423 as some sort of retrospective political
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00709-00164424-00164783 argument christine
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00710-00164784-00164926 thank you presiding officer does the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00711-00164927-00165126 first minister agree with me that better
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00712-00165127-00165326 than this is the most important aspect
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00713-00165327-00165590 that 98 percent of scotland's police
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00714-00165591-00165831 force were unarmed and they will remain
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00715-00165832-00166071 unarmed thankfully first minister i
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00716-00166072-00166254 always agree with christine graham
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00717-00166255-00166383 whenever i have the slightest
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00718-00166384-00166623 opportunity to do so and she makes the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00719-00166624-00167019 extraordinary important point that that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00720-00167020-00167431 275 officers it represents uh
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00721-00167432-00167647 less than around two percent of the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00722-00167648-00167895 entire complement of scotland's expanded
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00723-00167896-00168023 police service
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00724-00168024-00168278 and just as we should uh recognize
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00725-00168279-00168447 the sense and logic of christine
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00726-00168448-00168654 graham's point and we should recognize
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00727-00168655-00168854 that that puts this matter into
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00728-00168855-00169047 perspective with its satisfactory
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00729-00169048-00169238 resolution margaret mitchell
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00730-00169239-00169390 in view of the first minister's comments
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00731-00169391-00169543 about listening does he support the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00732-00169544-00169687 introduction of a whistleblower's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00733-00169688-00169871 helpline for police officers and staff
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00734-00169872-00170078 to ensure that concerns about issues
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00735-00170079-00170335 like the policy and arming of police as
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00736-00170336-00170590 well as other ethical concerns since the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00737-00170591-00170775 creation of police scotland can be
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00738-00170776-00171054 raised safely confidentially and taken
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00739-00171055-00171190 seriously
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00740-00171191-00171447 i'm always interested in constructive
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00741-00171448-00171623 suggestions when they they come forward
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00742-00171624-00171775 but again let me repeat i would have
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00743-00171776-00172007 thought this process indicates we have
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00744-00172008-00172159 a listening police service and a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00745-00172160-00172263 listening
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00746-00172264-00172463 chief constable it is worth noting of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00747-00172464-00172702 course that the the record numbers of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00748-00172703-00172975 police officers in scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00749-00172976-00173166 are particularly important seventeen
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00750-00173167-00173375 thousand three hundred and eighteen
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00751-00173376-00173607 officers across scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00752-00173608-00173790 if of course we had followed the same
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00753-00173791-00174063 policies as being pursued in england
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00754-00174064-00174231 that number would have been diminished
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00755-00174232-00174407 dramatically in fact i saw a figure
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00756-00174408-00174575 suggesting that the english police
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00757-00174576-00174847 service has lost more officers than the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00758-00174848-00175078 record total we have in scotland that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00759-00175079-00175254 would seem to me that morale in the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00760-00175255-00175438 scottish police service is excellent
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00761-00175439-00175647 because people are carrying forward
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00762-00175648-00175854 their duty to protect scotland achieving
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00763-00175855-00176135 a 39-year low in recorded crime with
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00764-00176136-00176295 many of their colleagues standing
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00765-00176296-00176478 shoulder to shoulder as opposed to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00766-00176479-00176702 getting their p45s which is happening in
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00767-00176703-00177007 england question six jamidi
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00768-00177008-00177175 thank you presiding officer to ask the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00769-00177176-00177351 first minister what steps the scottish
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00770-00177352-00177526 government is taking to promote and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00771-00177527-00177726 safeguard employment first minister well
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00772-00177727-00177895 a range of initiatives to create jobs
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00773-00177896-00178054 and attracting with investment business
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00774-00178055-00178207 gateway scottish enterprise highlands
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00775-00178208-00178359 and islands enterprise deliver that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00776-00178360-00178583 range of support to startup and expanded
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00777-00178584-00178790 businesses therefore encouraging job
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00778-00178791-00179038 creation a regional selective assistance
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00779-00179039-00179207 awards provide vital support to help
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00780-00179208-00179399 businesses to grow in the year to the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00781-00179400-00179638 31st of march 2014
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00782-00179639-00179895 these offers were off a total of 52.5
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00783-00179896-00180151 million pounds accepted by 117
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00784-00180152-00180359 businesses for projects expected to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00785-00180360-00180587 create or support
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00786-00180588-00180863 6161 jobs we should also remember that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00787-00180864-00181102 despite george osborne's scaremongering
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00788-00181103-00181295 scotland was the top performing area of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00789-00181296-00181511 the united kingdom outside london for
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00790-00181512-00181823 foreign direct investment in 2013.
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00791-00181824-00181966 i thank the first minister for that
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00792-00181967-00182166 answer in welcoming the thousands of new
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00793-00182167-00182351 jobs that have been created through the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00794-00182352-00182535 support of scottish enterprise does he
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00795-00182536-00182743 agree with me that the uk government
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00796-00182744-00182943 must keep to the vow the solemn pledge
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00797-00182944-00183190 made during the referendum campaign and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00798-00183191-00183431 set forth a clear commitment and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00799-00183432-00183671 timetable to bring job-creating powers
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00800-00183672-00183911 to this parliament so we can maximize
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00801-00183912-00184111 opportunities for the businesses and
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00802-00184112-00184351 communities of scotland first minister
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00803-00184352-00184559 yes i agree with that i mean i i'm
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00804-00184560-00184838 interested in vows and guarantees i
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00805-00184839-00185054 think many people in scotland
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00806-00185055-00185302 do not believe it should take an online
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00807-00185303-00185511 petition to guarantee something that was
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00808-00185512-00185743 guaranteed two weeks ago
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00809-00185744-00185966 and that people who stand surety for
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00810-00185967-00186166 such guarantees risk their personal
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00811-00186167-00186407 reputation you should never put yourself
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00812-00186408-00186726 into a tory trap but the tory trap is
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00813-00186727-00186966 not in job creation or an income tax the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00814-00186967-00187159 tory trap is standing shoulder to
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00815-00187160-00187343 shoulder with them in a referendum
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00816-00187344-00187599 campaign without having any control over
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00817-00187600-00187683 the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00818-00187684-00187911 consequences that is minister's
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00819-00187912-00188063 questions
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00820-00188064-00188278 that is first minister's questions we
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00821-00188279-00188478 now move to members business members who
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00822-00188479-00188735 leave the chamber should do so quickly
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00823-00188736-00188911 and quietly
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00824-00188912-00189175 for a point of order k mctosh thank you
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00825-00189176-00189326 presenting officer from your comments
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00826-00189327-00189575 earlier i suspect you share my concern
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00827-00189576-00189790 that the use of first wizard's questions
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00828-00189791-00189935 to make a parliamentary statement
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00829-00189936-00190143 without giving members from any party
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00830-00190144-00190295 the opportunity to question the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00831-00190296-00190519 government is an abuse of parliamentary
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00832-00190520-00190847 time and is disrespectful to all members
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00833-00190848-00191078 last week we had the odd spectacle of
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00834-00191079-00191335 the first minister opening a debate with
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00835-00191336-00191535 a parliamentary statement that is a
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00836-00191536-00191750 speech delivered without interruption
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00837-00191751-00191902 and then being allowed the opportunity
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00838-00191903-00192078 to close the debate that afternoon
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00839-00192079-00192271 despite it being a two-day debate
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00840-00192272-00192471 presiding officer i know that you share
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00841-00192472-00192702 my desire to build on the democratic
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00842-00192703-00192943 renewal we have seen here in scotland it
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00843-00192944-00193078 is not power
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00844-00193079-00193254 used or wielded by the government of the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00845-00193255-00193438 day that protects democracy but the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00846-00193439-00193687 accountability exercised by this
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00847-00193688-00193878 parliament and presiding officer i'm
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00848-00193879-00194166 sure you also remember like me when snp
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00849-00194167-00194319 front ventures were amongst the most
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00850-00194320-00194502 vocal in holding the government of the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00851-00194503-00194838 day accountable to the parliament of the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00852-00194839-00195023 day do you agree with me that if we do
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00853-00195024-00195271 respect democracy the procedures of this
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00854-00195272-00195511 parliament need to be protected and not
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00855-00195512-00195702 treated as a plaything by those with
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00856-00195703-00196302 power privilege or position
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00857-00196303-00196550 thank you mr macintosh i think i made my
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00858-00196551-00196702 views perfectly clear on the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00859-00196703-00196823 announcement that was made at the
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00860-00196824-00197031 beginning of first minister's questions
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00861-00197032-00197438 uh with relation to the debate last week
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00862-00197439-00197726 the format of the debate was agreed by
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00863-00197727-00197919 the business managers in the business
+lUHWPFoSwOI-00864-00197920-00198184 bureau
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00000-00000023-00000335 Late Antiquity as a periodization used
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00001-00000336-00000542 by historians to describe the time of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00002-00000543-00000746 transition from classical antiquity to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00003-00000747-00000956 the Middle Ages in mainland Europe the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00004-00000957-00001135 Mediterranean world and the Near East
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00005-00001136-00001429 the development of the periodization has
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00006-00001430-00001627 generally been accredited to historian
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00007-00001628-00001847 Peter Brown after the publication of his
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00008-00001848-00002076 seminal work the world of Late Antiquity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00009-00002077-00002441 1971 precise boundaries for the period
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00010-00002442-00002635 are a continuing matter of debate but
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00011-00002636-00002849 Brown proposes a period between the 3rd
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00012-00002850-00003166 and 8th centuries ad generally it can be
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00013-00003167-00003313 thought of as from the end of the Roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00014-00003314-00003663 Empire's crisis of the 3rd century CE
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00015-00003664-00004061 235 to 284 - in the East the Muslim
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00016-00004061-00004363 conquests in the mid 7th century in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00017-00004364-00004556 West the end was earlier with the start
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00018-00004557-00004751 of the early medieval period typically
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00019-00004752-00004972 placed in the 6th century or earlier on
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00020-00004973-00005185 the western edges of the Empire the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00021-00005186-00005404 Roman Empire underwent considerable
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00022-00005405-00005613 social cultural and organizational
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00023-00005614-00005804 changes starting with the reign of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00024-00005805-00006011 Diocletian who began the custom of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00025-00006012-00006191 splitting the Empire into eastern and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00026-00006192-00006359 western halves ruled by multiple
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00027-00006360-00006617 emperors beginning with Constantine the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00028-00006618-00006835 Great Christianity was made legal in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00029-00006836-00007058 Empire and a new capital was founded at
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00030-00007059-00007355 Constantinople migrations of Germanic
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00031-00007356-00007564 tribes disrupted Roman rule from the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00032-00007565-00007802 late 4th century onwards culminating in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00033-00007803-00007988 the eventual collapse of the Empire in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00034-00007989-00008264 the West in 476 replaced by the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00035-00008265-00008519 so-called barbarian kingdoms the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00036-00008520-00008726 resultant cultural fusion of greco-roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00037-00008727-00008981 Germanic and Christian traditions formed
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00038-00008982-00009124 the foundations of the subsequent
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00039-00009125-00009439 culture of Europe the general decline of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00040-00009440-00009667 population technological knowledge and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00041-00009668-00009842 standards of living in Europe during
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00042-00009843-00010021 this period became the archetypal
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00043-00010022-00010241 example of societal collapse for writers
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00044-00010242-00010399 from the Renaissance until recent times
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00045-00010400-00010691 as a result of this decline and the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00046-00010692-00010906 relative scarcity of historical records
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00047-00010907-00011110 from Europe in particular the period
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00048-00011111-00011317 from roughly the early 5th century until
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00049-00011318-00011492 the Carolingian Renaissance or later
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00050-00011493-00011710 still was once deprecatingly referred to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00051-00011711-00012026 as the Dark Ages this term has been
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00052-00012027-00012253 abandoned by historians in historical
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00053-00012254-00012473 scholarship of the last half century the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00054-00012474-00012667 late West Roman Empire the early
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00055-00012668-00012851 Byzantine Empire in the early Middle
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00056-00012852-00013066 Ages are increasingly being unified in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00057-00013067-00013562 the periodization of late antiquity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00058-00013563-00014100 topic terminology
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00059-00014101-00014450 topic the term spat antique literally
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00060-00014451-00014721 laid antiquity has been used by
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00061-00014722-00014930 german-speaking historians since its
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00062-00014931-00015150 popularization by alloys regal in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00063-00015151-00015464 early 20th century it was given currency
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00064-00015465-00015650 in English partly by the writings of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00065-00015651-00015849 Peter Brown who surveyed the world of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00066-00015850-00015953 Late Antiquity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00067-00015954-00016244 1971 revised The Post gibbon view of a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00068-00016245-00016472 stale and ossified classical culture in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00069-00016473-00016686 favour of a vibrant time of renewals and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00070-00016687-00016860 beginnings and who's the making of Late
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00071-00016861-00017049 Antiquity offered a new paradigm of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00072-00017050-00017250 understanding the changes in Western
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00073-00017251-00017439 culture of the time in order to confront
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00074-00017440-00017628 Sir Richard Southern's the making of the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00075-00017629-00017841 Middle Ages the continuities between the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00076-00017842-00018075 later Roman Empire as it was reorganized
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00077-00018076-00018497 by Diocletian R 284 to 305 and the early
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00078-00018498-00018696 Middle Ages are stressed by writers who
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00079-00018697-00018864 wish to emphasize that the seeds of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00080-00018865-00019058 medieval culture were already developing
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00081-00019059-00019236 in the Christianized Empire and that
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00082-00019237-00019406 they continued to do so in the Eastern
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00083-00019407-00019631 Roman Empire or Byzantine Empire at
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00084-00019632-00019817 least until the coming of Islam
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00085-00019818-00020072 concurrently some migrating Germanic
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00086-00020073-00020255 tribes such as the Ostrogoths and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00087-00020256-00020475 Visigoths saw themselves as perpetuating
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00088-00020476-00020850 the Roman tradition while the usage late
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00089-00020851-00021147 antiquity suggests that the social and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00090-00021148-00021330 cultural priorities of classical
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00091-00021331-00021528 antiquity endured throughout Europe into
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00092-00021529-00021747 the Middle Ages the usage of early
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00093-00021748-00022078 Middle Ages or early Byzantine
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00094-00022079-00022302 emphasizes a break with the classical
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00095-00022303-00022637 past and the term migration period tends
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00096-00022638-00022836 to emphasize the disruptions in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00097-00022837-00023052 former Western Roman Empire caused by
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00098-00023053-00023253 the creation of Germanic kingdoms within
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00099-00023254-00023421 her borders beginning with the foetus
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00100-00023422-00023994 with the Goths in Aquitania in 418
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00101-00023995-00024498 topic religion
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00102-00024499-00024804 topic one of the most important
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00103-00024805-00025011 transformations in late antiquity was
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00104-00025012-00025185 the formation and evolution of the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00105-00025186-00025355 Abrahamic religions Christianity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00106-00025356-00025708 rabbinic Judaism and eventually Islam a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00107-00025710-00025932 milestone in the rise of Christianity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00108-00025933-00026127 was the conversion of emperor
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00109-00026127-00026532 constantine the great are 306 to 337 in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00110-00026533-00026799 312 as claimed by his Christian Panna
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00111-00026800-00026970 jurist Eusebius of Caesarea
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00112-00026970-00027147 although the sincerity of his conversion
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00113-00027148-00027426 is debated constantine confirmed the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00114-00027427-00027612 legalization of the religion through the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00115-00027613-00027924 so called Edict of Milan in 313 jointly
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00116-00027925-00028092 issued with his rival in the East
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00117-00028093-00028572 licinia's R 308 to 324 by the late 4th
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00118-00028573-00028818 century Emperor Theodosius the great had
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00119-00028819-00028964 made Christianity the state religion
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00120-00028966-00029241 thereby transforming the classical Roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00121-00029242-00029460 world which Peter Brown characterized as
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00122-00029461-00029676 rustling with the presence of many
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00123-00029677-00029997 divine spirits Constantine the first was
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00124-00029998-00030219 a key figure in many important events in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00125-00030220-00030414 Christian history as he convened and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00126-00030414-00030633 attended the first ecumenical council of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00127-00030633-00030977 bishops at Nicaea in 325 subsidized the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00128-00030979-00031164 building of churches and sanctuaries
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00129-00031164-00031358 such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00130-00031360-00031563 in Jerusalem and involved himself in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00131-00031564-00031776 questions such as the timing of Christ's
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00132-00031777-00031947 resurrection and its relation to the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00133-00031948-00032112 Passover the birth of Christian
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00134-00032113-00032325 monasticism in the deserts of Egypt in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00135-00032326-00032472 the third century which initially
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00136-00032473-00032714 operated outside the Episcopal authority
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00137-00032716-00032862 of the church would become so successful
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00138-00032863-00033096 that by the eighth century it penetrated
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00139-00033097-00033231 the church and became the primary
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00140-00033232-00033552 Christian practice monasticism was not
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00141-00033553-00033720 the only new Christian movement to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00142-00033721-00033918 appear in late antiquity although it had
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00143-00033919-00034164 perhaps the greatest influence other
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00144-00034165-00034299 movements notable for their
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00145-00034300-00034500 unconventional practices include the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00146-00034501-00034743 grazers holy men who ate only grass and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00147-00034744-00034917 chained themselves up the holy full
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00148-00034918-00035127 movement in which acting like a fool was
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00149-00035128-00035313 considered more divine than folly and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00150-00035314-00035475 the Stylites movement where one
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00151-00035476-00035691 practitioner lived atop a 50-foot pole
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00152-00035692-00036033 for forty years late antiquity marks the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00153-00036034-00036207 decline of Roman state religion
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00154-00036208-00036414 circumscribed in degrees by edicts
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00155-00036415-00036642 likely inspired by Christian advisors
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00156-00036643-00036882 such as Eusebius to 4th century emperors
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00157-00036883-00037100 and a period of dynamic religious
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00158-00037101-00037326 experimentation and spirituality with
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00159-00037327-00037515 many syncretic sects some formed
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00160-00037516-00037758 centuries earlier such as Gnosticism or
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00161-00037759-00037883 Neoplatonism and the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00162-00037884-00038102 Chaldean Oracles some novel such as
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00163-00038103-00038375 Hermeticism culminating in the reforms
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00164-00038376-00038627 advocated by Apollonius of Tyana being
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00165-00038628-00038852 adopted by Aurelian and formalized by
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00166-00038853-00039089 Flavius Claudius Juliana's to create an
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00167-00039090-00039302 organised but short-lived pagan state
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00168-00039303-00039470 religion that ensured its underground
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00169-00039471-00039671 survival into the Byzantine Age and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00170-00039672-00039715 beyond
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00171-00039716-00039905 many of the new religions relied on the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00172-00039906-00040109 emergence of the parchment codex bound
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00173-00040110-00040367 book / the papyrus vol and scroll the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00174-00040368-00040562 former allowing for quicker access to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00175-00040563-00040787 key materials and easier portability
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00176-00040788-00040982 than the fragile scroll thus fueling the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00177-00040983-00041260 rise of synoptic exegesis papper ology
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00178-00041261-00041515 notable in this regard is the topic of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00179-00041516-00042011 the 50 Bibles of Constantine
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00180-00042012-00042525 topic lady versus clergy
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00181-00042526-00042824 topic within the recently legitimized
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00182-00042825-00043023 Christian community of the fourth
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00183-00043024-00043194 century a division could be more
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00184-00043195-00043392 distinctly seen between the laity and an
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00185-00043393-00043580 increasingly celibate male leadership
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00186-00043581-00043833 these men presented themselves as
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00187-00043834-00043989 removed from the traditional Roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00188-00043990-00044199 motivations of public and private life
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00189-00044200-00044436 marked by pride ambition and kinship
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00190-00044437-00044592 solidarity and differing from the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00191-00044593-00044850 married pagan leadership unlike later
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00192-00044851-00045123 strictures on priestly celibacy celibacy
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00193-00045124-00045339 in late antique Christianity sometimes
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00194-00045340-00045531 took the form of abstinence from sexual
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00195-00045532-00045747 relations after marriage and it came to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00196-00045748-00045980 be the expected norm for urban clergy
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00197-00045981-00046248 celibate and detached the upper clergy
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00198-00046249-00046449 became an elite equal in prestige to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00199-00046450-00046650 urban notables the potent Deezer dinah
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00200-00046651-00047270 toi Brown 1987 P 270
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00201-00047271-00047797 topic the rise of Islam
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00202-00047798-00048133 topic Islam appeared in the seventh
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00203-00048134-00048322 century and spurred Arab people's to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00204-00048323-00048523 invade the eastern Roman Empire and the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00205-00048524-00048772 sasanian empire of Persia destroying the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00206-00048773-00048982 latter and after conquering all of North
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00207-00048983-00049219 Africa and Visigothic Spain to invade
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00208-00049220-00049411 much of modern France on the rise of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00209-00049412-00049723 Islam two main theses prevail on the one
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00210-00049724-00049915 hand there is the traditional view as
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00211-00049916-00050158 espoused by most historians prior to the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00212-00050159-00050365 second half of the 20th century and by
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00213-00050366-00050665 Muslim scholars this view the so called
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00214-00050666-00051022 out of Arabia thesis holds that Islam as
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00215-00051023-00051253 a phenomenon was a new alien element in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00216-00051254-00051514 the late antique world related to this
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00217-00051515-00051724 is the pyrin thesis according to which
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00218-00051725-00051925 the Arab invasions marked through
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00219-00051926-00052084 conquest and the disruption of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00220-00052085-00052282 Mediterranean trade routes the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00221-00052283-00052501 cataclysmic end of Late Antiquity and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00222-00052502-00052777 the beginning of the Middle Ages on the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00223-00052778-00052936 other hand there is the modern view
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00224-00052937-00053130 associated with scholars in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00225-00053132-00053311 tradition of Peter Brown in which
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00226-00053312-00053500 Islamists seem to be a product of the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00227-00053501-00053773 late antique world not foreign debt this
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00228-00053774-00053983 school suggests that its origin within
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00229-00053984-00054169 the shared cultural horizon of the late
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00230-00054170-00054379 antique world explains the character of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00231-00054379-00054619 Islam and its development such
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00232-00054620-00054829 historians point to similarities with
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00233-00054829-00054988 other late antique religions and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00234-00054989-00055273 philosophies especially Christianity in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00235-00055274-00055530 the prominent role in manifestations of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00236-00055532-00055810 piety in Islam in Islamic asceticism and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00237-00055811-00056110 the role of holy persons in the pattern
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00238-00056111-00056353 of Universalist homogeneous monotheism
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00239-00056354-00056590 tied to worldly and military power in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00240-00056591-00056788 early Islamic engagement with Greek
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00241-00056789-00056974 schools of thought in the apocalypticism
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00242-00056975-00057204 of Islamic theology and in the way the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00243-00057205-00057405 Quran seems to react to contemporary
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00244-00057407-00057613 religious and cultural issues shared by
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00245-00057614-00057874 the late antique world at large further
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00246-00057875-00058075 indication that Arabia and thus the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00247-00058076-00058252 environment in which Islam first
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00248-00058253-00058447 developed was a part of the late antique
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00249-00058448-00058675 world as found in the close economic and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00250-00058676-00058900 military relations between Arabia the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00251-00058901-00059077 Byzantine Empire and the sustain yen
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00252-00059078-00059430 Empire
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00253-00059432-00060029 topic political transformations
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00254-00060030-00060413 topic the late antique period also saw a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00255-00060414-00060575 wholesale transformation of the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00256-00060576-00060791 political and social basis of life in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00257-00060792-00061086 and around the Roman Empire the Roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00258-00061087-00061262 citizen elite in the 2nd and 3rd
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00259-00061263-00061493 centuries under the pressure of Taxation
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00260-00061494-00061659 and the ruinous cost of presenting
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00261-00061660-00061866 spectacular public entertainments in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00262-00061866-00062057 traditional cursus honorum had found
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00263-00062058-00062243 under the Antonin that security could
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00264-00062244-00062405 only be obtained by combining their
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00265-00062406-00062610 established roles in the local town with
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00266-00062611-00062811 new ones as servants and representatives
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00267-00062812-00062993 of a distant emperor in his traveling
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00268-00062994-00063275 Court after Constantine centralized the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00269-00063276-00063431 government in his new capital of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00270-00063432-00063753 Constantinople dedicated in 330 the late
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00271-00063754-00063948 antique upper classes were divided among
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00272-00063949-00064124 those who had access to the faraway
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00273-00064125-00064371 centralized administration in concert
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00274-00064372-00064541 with the great landowners and those who
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00275-00064542-00064740 did not though they were well born and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00276-00064741-00064913 thoroughly educated a classical
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00277-00064914-00065109 education in the election by the Senate
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00278-00065110-00065298 to magistracies was no longer the path
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00279-00065299-00065573 to success room at the top of late
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00280-00065574-00065798 antique society was more bureaucratic
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00281-00065799-00065969 and involved increasingly intricate
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00282-00065970-00066176 channels of access to the Emperor the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00283-00066177-00066368 plain toga that had identified all
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00284-00066369-00066549 members of the Republican Senatorial
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00285-00066550-00066759 class was replaced with the silk court
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00286-00066760-00066960 vestments and jewelry associated with
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00287-00066961-00067260 Byzantine Imperial iconography also
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00288-00067261-00067457 indicative of the times as the fact that
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00289-00067458-00067694 the Imperial Cabinet of Advisors came to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00290-00067695-00067872 be known as the consist aureum are those
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00291-00067873-00068049 who would stand in courtly attendance
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00292-00068050-00068243 upon their seated emperor as distinct
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00293-00068244-00068405 from the informal set of friends and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00294-00068406-00068877 advisers surrounding the Augustus
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00295-00068878-00069377 topic cities
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00296-00069378-00069737 topic the later Roman Empire was in a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00297-00069738-00070052 sense a network of cities archeology now
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00298-00070053-00070286 supplements literary sources to document
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00299-00070287-00070481 the transformation followed by collapse
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00300-00070482-00070769 of cities in the Mediterranean Basin to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00301-00070770-00071045 diagnostic symptoms of decline or as
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00302-00071046-00071318 many historians prefer transformation
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00303-00071319-00071576 our subdivision particularly of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00304-00071577-00071789 expansive formal spaces in both the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00305-00071790-00071966 Domus and the public basilica and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00306-00071967-00072170 encroachment in which artisanal shops
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00307-00072171-00072338 invade the public thoroughfare a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00308-00072339-00072542 transformation that was to result in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00309-00072543-00072836 souq burials within the urban precincts
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00310-00072837-00073028 mark another stage in dissolution of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00311-00073029-00073205 traditional urbanistic discipline
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00312-00073206-00073403 overpowered by the attraction of saintly
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00313-00073404-00073697 shrines and relics in Roman Britain the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00314-00073698-00073883 typical fourth and fifth century layer
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00315-00073884-00074192 of black earth within cities seems to be
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00316-00074193-00074363 a result of increased gardening in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00317-00074364-00074591 formerly urban spaces Rome went from a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00318-00074592-00074831 population of 800,000 in the beginning
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00319-00074832-00075089 of the period to a population of 30,000
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00320-00075090-00075233 by the end of the period the most
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00321-00075234-00075395 precipitous drop coming with the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00322-00075396-00075557 breaking of the aqueducts during the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00323-00075558-00075827 Gothic war a similar though less marked
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00324-00075828-00076031 decline in urban population occurred
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00325-00076032-00076226 later in Constantinople which was
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00326-00076227-00076432 gaining population until the outbreak of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00327-00076433-00076799 plague in 541 in Europe there was also a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00328-00076800-00077032 general decline in urban populations as
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00329-00077033-00077312 a whole the period of late antiquity was
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00330-00077313-00077522 accompanied by an overall population
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00331-00077523-00077714 decline in almost all Europe and a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00332-00077715-00077855 reversion to more of a subsistence
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00333-00077856-00078128 economy long-distance markets
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00334-00078129-00078307 disappeared and there was a reversion to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00335-00078308-00078515 a greater degree of local production and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00336-00078516-00078728 consumption rather than webs of Commerce
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00337-00078729-00079031 and specialized production concurrently
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00338-00079032-00079232 the continuity of the eastern Roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00339-00079233-00079445 Empire at Constantinople meant that the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00340-00079446-00079625 turning point for the Greek East came
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00341-00079626-00079865 later in the 7th century as the eastern
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00342-00079866-00080075 Roman or Byzantine Empire centered
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00343-00080076-00080273 around the Balkans North Africa Egypt
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00344-00080274-00080585 and Carthage and Asia Minor the degree
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00345-00080586-00080768 and extent of discontinuity in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00346-00080769-00080951 smaller cities of the Greek East as a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00347-00080952-00081251 moot subject among historians the urban
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00348-00081252-00081464 continuity of Constantinople as the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00349-00081465-00081680 outstanding example of the Mediterranean
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00350-00081681-00081890 world of the two great cities of lesser
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00351-00081891-00082082 rank Antioch was devastated by the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00352-00082083-00082346 Persian sack of 540 followed by the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00353-00082347-00082646 plague of Justinian 542 onwards and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00354-00082647-00082766 completed by earth
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00355-00082767-00082981 while Alexandria survived its Islamic
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00356-00082982-00083195 transformation to suffer incremental
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00357-00083196-00083375 decline in favor of Cairo in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00358-00083376-00083684 medieval period Justinian's rebuilt his
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00359-00083685-00083909 birthplace in illa I come as Justinian
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00360-00083910-00084128 DiPrima more in a gesture of Imperium
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00361-00084129-00084299 than out of an urbanistic necessity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00362-00084300-00084584 another city was reputed to have been
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00363-00084585-00084872 founded according to procopius panegyric
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00364-00084873-00085175 on Justinian s buildings precisely at
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00365-00085176-00085370 the spot where the general Belisarius
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00366-00085371-00085544 touched Shore in North Africa the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00367-00085545-00085748 miraculous spring that gushed forth to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00368-00085749-00085943 give them water and the rural population
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00369-00085944-00086066 that straightway abandoned their
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00370-00086067-00086276 plowshares for civilized life within the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00371-00086277-00086447 new walls lend a certain taste of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00372-00086448-00086740 unreality to the project
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00373-00086741-00086976 in mainland Greece the inhabitants of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00374-00086977-00087207 Sparta Argos and Corinth abandoned their
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00375-00087208-00087402 cities for fortified sites in nearby
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00376-00087403-00087612 high places the fortified heights of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00377-00087613-00087804 Accra current their typical of Byzantine
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00378-00087805-00088040 urban sites in Greece in Italy
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00379-00088041-00088257 populations that had clustered within
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00380-00088258-00088461 reach of Roman roads began to withdraw
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00381-00088462-00088638 from them as potential avenues of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00382-00088639-00088836 intrusion and to rebuild in typically
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00383-00088837-00089034 constricted fashion around an isolated
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00384-00089035-00089283 fortified promontory or Rocca Cameron
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00385-00089284-00089499 notes similar movement of populations in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00386-00089500-00089688 the Balkans where inhabited centers
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00387-00089689-00089850 contracted and regrouped around a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00388-00089851-00090063 defensible acropolis or were abandoned
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00389-00090064-00090287 in favour of such positions elsewhere in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00390-00090288-00090573 the western Mediterranean the only new
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00391-00090574-00090747 cities known to be founded in Europe
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00392-00090748-00090924 between the 5th and 8th centuries were
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00393-00090925-00091223 the 4 or 5 Visigothic victory cities
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00394-00091224-00091437 rekha police in the province of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00395-00091438-00091626 guadalajara is one the others were
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00396-00091627-00091857 Victoria confounded by Leo vigil which
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00397-00091858-00092007 may survive as the City of Victoria
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00398-00092008-00092277 though a 12th century refoundation for
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00399-00092278-00092446 this city is given in contemporary
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00400-00092447-00092664 sources Lugo attest Lucio in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00401-00092665-00092859 Asturias referred to by Isidore of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00402-00092860-00093075 Seville and O logic is perhaps Allah
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00403-00093076-00093405 gitis founded using Basque labor in 621
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00404-00093406-00093639 by su and ela as a fortification against
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00405-00093640-00093906 the Basques modern Olight all of these
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00406-00093907-00094062 cities were founded for military
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00407-00094063-00094321 purposes and at least recollect Oriya
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00408-00094322-00094527 commando logic is in celebration of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00409-00094528-00094806 victory a possible fifth Visigothic
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00410-00094807-00095034 foundation as bei era perhaps modern
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00411-00095035-00095262 Montoro mentioned is founded by record
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00412-00095263-00095496 in the 15th century geographical account
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00413-00095497-00095835 kitab al rod al Matar the arrival of a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00414-00095836-00096057 highly urbanized Islamic culture in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00415-00096058-00096309 decade following 711 ensured the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00416-00096310-00096531 survival of cities in the Hispania into
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00417-00096532-00096828 the Middle Ages beyond the Mediterranean
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00418-00096829-00097044 world the cities of Gaul withdrew within
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00419-00097045-00097234 a constricted line of defence around a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00420-00097235-00097546 citadel former imperial capitals such as
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00421-00097547-00097746 Cologne and Trier lived on in diminished
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00422-00097747-00097938 form as administrative centers of the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00423-00097939-00098202 Franks in Britain where the break with
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00424-00098203-00098424 Late Antiquity comes earliest in the 5th
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00425-00098425-00098664 in the 6th century most towns cities had
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00426-00098665-00098847 been in rapid decline during the 4th
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00427-00098848-00099009 century during a time of prosperity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00428-00099010-00099234 until the very last decades of the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00429-00099235-00099399 century well before the withdrawal of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00430-00099400-00099573 Roman governors and Garrison's
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00431-00099574-00099753 historians emphasizing urban
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00432-00099754-00099957 continuities with the anglo-saxon period
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00433-00099958-00100075 depend large
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00434-00100076-00100267 the post-roman survival of roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00435-00100268-00100557 toponymy aside from a mere handful of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00436-00100558-00100774 it's continuously inhabited sites like
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00437-00100775-00100990 york and london and possibly Canterbury
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00438-00100991-00101169 however the rapidity and thoroughness
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00439-00101170-00101359 with which its urban life collapsed with
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00440-00101360-00101500 the dissolution of centralized
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00441-00101501-00101688 bureaucracy calls into question the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00442-00101689-00101884 extent to which Roman Britain had ever
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00443-00101885-00102136 become authentically urbanized in Roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00444-00102137-00102384 Britain towns appeared a shade exotic
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00445-00102385-00102703 observes a char loin owing their reason
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00446-00102704-00102882 for being more to the military and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00447-00102883-00103099 administrative needs of Rome than to any
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00448-00103100-00103485 economic virtue the other institutional
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00449-00103486-00103644 power center the Roman villa
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00450-00103645-00103829 did not survive in Britain either
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00451-00103830-00104077 Gilda's lamented the destruction of the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00452-00104078-00104302 28 cities of Britain though not all in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00453-00104303-00104481 his list can be identified with known
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00454-00104482-00104709 Roman sites loin finds no reason to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00455-00104710-00104841 doubt the essential truth of his
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00456-00104842-00105033 statement classical antiquity can
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00457-00105034-00105238 generally be defined as an age of cities
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00458-00105239-00105475 the Greek polis and Roman municipal were
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00459-00105476-00105697 locally organized self-governing bodies
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00460-00105698-00105853 of citizens governed by written
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00461-00105854-00106128 constitutions when Rome came to dominate
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00462-00106129-00106348 the known world local initiative and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00463-00106349-00106546 control were gradually subsumed by the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00464-00106547-00106771 ever growing Imperial bureaucracy by the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00465-00106772-00106996 crisis of the third century the military
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00466-00106997-00107218 political and economic demands made by
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00467-00107219-00107440 the Empire had crushed the Civic spirit
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00468-00107441-00107640 and service in local government came to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00469-00107641-00107835 be an onerous duty often imposed as
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00470-00107836-00108124 punishment harassed urban dwellers fled
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00471-00108125-00108289 to the walled estates of the wealthy to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00472-00108290-00108558 avoid taxes military service famine and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00473-00108559-00108804 disease in the Western Roman Empire
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00474-00108805-00109053 especially many cities destroyed by
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00475-00109054-00109233 invasion or civil war in the third
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00476-00109234-00109519 century could not be rebuilt plague and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00477-00109520-00109708 famine hit the urban class in greater
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00478-00109708-00109903 proportion and thus the people who knew
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00479-00109904-00110082 how to keep Civic services running
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00480-00110083-00110328 perhaps the greatest blow came in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00481-00110329-00110506 wake of the extreme weather events of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00482-00110507-00110904 535 - 536 and subsequent plague of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00483-00110905-00111076 Justinian when the remaining trade
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00484-00111077-00111258 networks ensured the plague spread to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00485-00111259-00111508 the remaining commercial cities the end
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00486-00111508-00111724 of classical antiquity as the end of the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00487-00111725-00111922 polis model and the general decline of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00488-00111923-00112110 cities as a defining feature of late
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00489-00112111-00112452 antiquity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00490-00112453-00112959 topic public building
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00491-00112960-00113269 topic in the cities the strained
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00492-00113270-00113449 economies of Roman over-expansion
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00493-00113450-00113758 arrested growth almost all new public
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00494-00113758-00113977 building in late antiquity came directly
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00495-00113978-00114148 or indirectly from the Emperor's or
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00496-00114149-00114427 Imperial officials attempts were made to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00497-00114428-00114640 maintain what was already there the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00498-00114641-00114913 supply of free grain and oil to 20% of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00499-00114914-00115102 the population of Rome remained intact
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00500-00115103-00115381 the last decades of the fifth century it
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00501-00115382-00115546 was once thought that the elite and rich
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00502-00115547-00115732 had withdrawn to the private luxuries of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00503-00115733-00115956 their numerous villas in town houses
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00504-00115957-00116197 opinion has revised this they
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00505-00116198-00116389 monopolized the higher offices in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00506-00116390-00116599 Imperial administration what they were
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00507-00116600-00116803 removed from was military command by the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00508-00116804-00117088 late third century their focus turned to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00509-00117089-00117271 preserving their vast wealth rather than
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00510-00117272-00117349 fighting for it
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00511-00117350-00117619 the Basilica which functioned as a lock
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00512-00117620-00117808 or tour for Imperial reception of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00513-00117808-00117997 foreign dignitaries became the primary
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00514-00117998-00118195 public building functioned in the 4th
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00515-00118196-00118458 century due to the stress on civic
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00516-00118459-00118678 finances cities spent money on walls
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00517-00118679-00118879 maintaining babs and markets at the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00518-00118880-00119077 expense of amphitheaters temples
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00519-00119078-00119398 libraries porticoes gimnasia concert and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00520-00119399-00119548 lecture halls theaters and other
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00521-00119549-00119863 amenities of public life in any case as
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00522-00119864-00120046 Christianity took over many of these
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00523-00120047-00120220 building which were associated with
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00524-00120221-00120421 pagan cults were neglected in favor of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00525-00120422-00120601 building churches and donating to the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00526-00120602-00120885 poor the Christian Basilica was copied
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00527-00120886-00121075 from the Civic structure with variations
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00528-00121076-00121288 the bishop took the chair in the apse
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00529-00121289-00121489 reserved in secular structures for the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00530-00121490-00121798 magistrate or the Emperor himself as the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00531-00121799-00121981 representative here and now of Christ
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00532-00121982-00122179 Pantocrator the ruler of all his
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00533-00122180-00122463 characteristic late antique icon these
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00534-00122464-00122758 ecclesiastical basilica's eg st. John
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00535-00122758-00123033 Lateran and st. Peter s in Rome were
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00536-00123034-00123346 themselves outdone by Justinian's hiya
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00537-00123347-00123568 Sophia a staggering display of later
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00538-00123569-00123796 Roman Byzantine power and architectural
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00539-00123797-00123936 taste though the building is not
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00540-00123938-00124192 architectural II a basilica in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00541-00124193-00124410 former Western Roman Empire no great
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00542-00124411-00124588 buildings were constructed from the 5th
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00543-00124589-00124891 century a most outstanding example is
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00544-00124892-00125077 the Church of San Vitale in Ravenna
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00545-00125078-00125373 constructed circa 530 at a cost of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00546-00125374-00125731 26,000 gold solid I or 360 pounds of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00547-00125732-00126028 gold the collapse of city life in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00548-00126029-00126193 East was delayed though negatively
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00549-00126194-00126349 affected by the plague in the city
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00550-00126350-00126565 until the seventh century and was result
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00551-00126566-00126809 of Slavic invasions in the Balkans and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00552-00126810-00127078 Persian destructiveness in Anatolia in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00553-00127079-00127410 the six 20s city life continued in Syria
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00554-00127411-00127710 Jordan and Palestine into the 8th in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00555-00127711-00127924 later 6th century Street construction
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00556-00127925-00128101 was still undertaken in case area
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00557-00128102-00128332 maritime ax in Palestine and Odessa was
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00558-00128333-00128500 able to deflect Chasseur Ozai with
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00559-00128501-00128883 massive payments in gold in 540 and 544
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00560-00128884-00129496 before it was overrun in 609
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00561-00129497-00129970 pick sculpture and art
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00562-00129971-00130354 topic as a complicated period bridging
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00563-00130355-00130560 between Roman art and medieval art and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00564-00130561-00130765 Byzantine art the late antique period
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00565-00130766-00130948 saw a transition from the classical
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00566-00130949-00131152 idealized realism tradition largely
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00567-00131153-00131365 influenced by ancient Greek art to the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00568-00131366-00131572 more iconic stylized art of the Middle
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00569-00131573-00131890 Ages unlike classical art late antique
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00570-00131891-00132082 art does not emphasize the beauty and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00571-00132083-00132295 movement of the body but rather hints at
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00572-00132296-00132466 the spiritual reality behind its
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00573-00132467-00132570 subjects
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00574-00132571-00132775 additionally mirroring the rise of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00575-00132776-00132952 Christianity and the collapse of the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00576-00132953-00133150 Western Roman Empire painting and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00577-00133151-00133345 freestanding sculpture gradually fell
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00578-00133346-00133578 from favour in the artistic community
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00579-00133579-00133810 replacing them were greater interests in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00580-00133811-00134011 mosaics architecture and relief
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00581-00134012-00134320 sculpture as the soldier emperors such
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00582-00134321-00134638 as max amoenus tracks are 235 to 8
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00583-00134639-00134821 emerged from the provinces in the 3rd
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00584-00134822-00134986 century they brought with them their own
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00585-00134987-00135217 regional influences and artistic tastes
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00586-00135218-00135481 for example artists jettisoned the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00587-00135482-00135658 classical portrayal of the human body
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00588-00135659-00135868 for one that was more rigid and frontal
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00589-00135869-00136132 this is markedly evident in the combined
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00590-00136133-00136333 porphyry portrait of the four tetrarch's
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00591-00136334-00136579 in Venice with these stubby figures
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00592-00136580-00136762 clutching each other in their swords all
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00593-00136763-00137047 individualism naturalism the ver ISM or
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00594-00137048-00137251 hyper realism of Roman portraiture and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00595-00137252-00137533 Greek idealism diminish the arch of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00596-00137534-00137710 Constantine in Rome which we used
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00597-00137711-00137923 earlier classicizing reliefs together
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00598-00137924-00138112 with ones in the new style shows the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00599-00138113-00138394 contrast especially clearly in nearly
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00600-00138395-00138631 all artistic media simpler shapes were
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00601-00138632-00138838 adopted and once natural designs were
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00602-00138839-00139123 abstracted additionally hierarchy of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00603-00139124-00139297 scale overtook the preeminence of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00604-00139298-00139501 perspective and other classical models
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00605-00139502-00139722 for representing spatial organization
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00606-00139723-00140020 from around 300 early Christian art
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00607-00140021-00140242 began to create new public forms which
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00608-00140243-00140446 now included sculpture previously
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00609-00140447-00140635 distrusted by Christians as it was so
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00610-00140636-00140929 important in pagan worship sarcophagi
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00611-00140930-00141112 carved in relief had already become
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00612-00141113-00141334 highly elaborate and Christian versions
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00613-00141335-00141553 adopted new styles showing a series of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00614-00141554-00141736 different tightly-packed scenes rather
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00615-00141737-00141958 than one overall image usually derived
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00616-00141959-00142150 from Greek history painting as was the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00617-00142151-00142192 norm
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00618-00142193-00142402 soon the scenes were split into two
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00619-00142403-00142669 registers as in the dogmatic sarcophagus
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00620-00142670-00142921 or the sarcophagus of Junius basses the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00621-00142922-00143122 last of these exemplifying a partial
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00622-00143123-00143304 revival of classicism nearly
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00623-00143305-00143514 all of these more abstracted conventions
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00624-00143515-00143661 could be observed in the glittering
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00625-00143662-00143833 mosaics of the era which during this
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00626-00143834-00144022 period moved from being decoration
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00627-00144023-00144208 derivative from painting used on floors
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00628-00144209-00144390 and walls likely to become wet to a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00629-00144391-00144576 major vehicle of religious art in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00630-00144577-00144844 churches the glazed surfaces of the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00631-00144845-00145006 Tesori sparkled in the light and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00632-00145007-00145294 illuminated the basilica churches unlike
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00633-00145295-00145488 their fresco predecessors much more
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00634-00145489-00145689 emphasis was placed on demonstrating a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00635-00145690-00145894 symbolic fact rather than on rendering a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00636-00145895-00146148 realistic scene as time progressed
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00637-00146149-00146323 during the late antique period art
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00638-00146324-00146494 become more concerned with biblical
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00639-00146495-00146700 themes and influenced by interactions of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00640-00146701-00146973 Christianity with the Roman state within
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00641-00146974-00147201 this Christian subcategory of Roman art
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00642-00147202-00147418 dramatic changes were also taking place
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00643-00147419-00147721 in the depiction of Jesus Jesus Christ
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00644-00147722-00147910 had been more commonly depicted as an
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00645-00147911-00148135 itinerant philosopher teacher or as de
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00646-00148136-00148425 Good Shepherd resembling the traditional
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00647-00148426-00148626 iconography of Hermes he was
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00648-00148627-00148822 increasingly given Roman elite status
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00649-00148823-00149037 and shrouded in purple robes like the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00650-00149038-00149218 Emperor's with orb and scepter in hand
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00651-00149219-00149514 as for luxury arts manuscript
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00652-00149515-00149710 illumination on vellum and parchment
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00653-00149711-00149916 emerged from the 5th century with a few
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00654-00149917-00150138 manuscripts of Roman literary classics
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00655-00150139-00150334 like the virgilius Vaticanus and the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00656-00150335-00150528 virgilius Romanus but increasingly
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00657-00150529-00150753 Christian texts of which quadlin Birgit
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00658-00150754-00151116 ala fragment 422 430 is the oldest
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00659-00151117-00151386 survivor carved ivory diptych s' were
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00660-00151387-00151594 used for secular subjects as in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00661-00151595-00151788 Imperial and consular diptych sprees
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00662-00151789-00151981 nted to friends as well as religious
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00663-00151982-00152206 ones both Christian and Pagan they seem
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00664-00152207-00152376 to have been especially a vehicle for
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00665-00152377-00152569 the last group of powerful pagans to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00666-00152570-00152787 resist Christianity as in the late 4th
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00667-00152788-00153048 century somach enoch Komachi diptych
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00668-00153049-00153279 extravagant hoards of silver plate are
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00669-00153280-00153447 especially common from the 4th century
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00670-00153448-00153639 including the Mildenhall treasure
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00671-00153640-00153721 Esquiline
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00672-00153722-00153943 treasure hawks 'no horn and the imperial
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00673-00153944-00154478 miss or 'i'm of Theodosius the first
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00674-00154479-00154990 topic literature
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00675-00154991-00155341 topic in the field of literature late
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00676-00155342-00155545 antiquity is known for the declining use
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00677-00155546-00155740 of classical Greek and Latin and the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00678-00155741-00155944 rise of literary cultures in Syriac
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00679-00155945-00156211 Armenian Georgian at the OP ik Arabic
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00680-00156212-00156490 and Coptic it also marks a shift in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00681-00156491-00156670 literary style with a preference for
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00682-00156671-00156874 encyclopedic works in a dense and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00683-00156875-00157090 elusive style consisting of summaries of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00684-00157091-00157321 earlier works anthologies epitomize
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00685-00157322-00157474 often dressed up in elaborate
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00686-00157475-00157705 allegorical garb eg dan up cheese
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00687-00157706-00157921 mercury I at philology ax the marriage
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00688-00157922-00158149 of mercury and full ology of Martian is
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00689-00158150-00158329 capella and the de arithmetic ax de
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00690-00158330-00158596 musica and de consolation philosophy of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00691-00158597-00158842 boëthius both later key works in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00692-00158843-00159100 medieval education the 4th and 5th
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00693-00159101-00159316 centuries also saw an explosion of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00694-00159317-00159487 Christian literature of which Greek
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00695-00159488-00159657 writers such as Eusebius of Caesarea
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00696-00159658-00159910 basil of Caesarea gregory of nazianzus
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00697-00159911-00160159 and john chrysostom and Latin writers
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00698-00160160-00160369 such as Ambrose of Milan Jerome and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00699-00160370-00160555 Augustine of Hippo are only among the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00700-00160556-00160722 most renowned representatives on the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00701-00160723-00161005 other hand authors such as ami anis
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00702-00161006-00161272 Marcellinus 4th century and procopius of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00703-00161273-00161497 K Surya 6th century were able to keep
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00704-00161498-00161599 the tradition of classical
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00705-00161600-00162039 historiography alive
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00706-00162040-00162519 topic poetry
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00707-00162520-00162855 topic Greek poets of the late antique
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00708-00162856-00163086 period included Antoninus liberalists
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00709-00163087-00163332 Quintus Phineas non-news Romanus the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00710-00163333-00163562 melody stand Paul the silent iary
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00711-00163563-00163875 latin poets included al Sonia's Paulinus
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00712-00163876-00164127 of NOLA Claudian rutila's namazi anise
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00713-00164128-00164427 orient es Cydonia são Paulo Narus corpus
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00714-00164428-00164766 a narrator Jewish poets included yennai
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00715-00164767-00165346 Eliezer Ben killer and Yost Ben Yas
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00716-00165347-00165867 topic basic timeline
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00717-00165868-00166347 topic 285 Emperor Diocletian splits the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00718-00166348-00166524 Roman Empire into eastern and western
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00719-00166525-00166986 Empire's 313 evict of Milan legalized
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00720-00166987-00167190 Christianity throughout the Roman Empire
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00721-00167191-00167370 and thus ended the previous state
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00722-00167371-00167550 sanctioned persecution of Christians
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00723-00167551-00167973 there 378 Battle of Adrianople Roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00724-00167974-00168168 army under eastern Roman Emperor Valens
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00725-00168169-00168585 as defeated by the Germanic tribes 395
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00726-00168586-00168798 Roman Emperor Theodosius the first
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00727-00168799-00169029 outlaws all pagan religions in favor of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00728-00169030-00169455 Christianity 410 Alaric ice-axe Rome for
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00729-00169456-00169929 the first time since 390 BC 451 Battle
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00730-00169930-00170124 of the Catalonian Plains the hunted
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00731-00170125-00170340 Confederation and an alliance of Western
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00732-00170341-00170775 Romans and Visigoths fight to a draw 476
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00733-00170776-00171033 Romulus Augustus last Western Roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00734-00171034-00171264 Emperor is forced to abdicate by o Dicer
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00735-00171265-00171483 a half Hunnish and half Syrian chieftain
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00736-00171484-00171708 of the Germanic Hara li o Dicer returns
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00737-00171709-00171918 the imperial regalia to Eastern Roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00738-00171919-00172173 Emperor Zeno in Constantinople in return
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00739-00172174-00172332 for the title of dukes of Italy
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00740-00172333-00172530 traditionally the most frequently cited
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00741-00172531-00172710 date for the end of the Roman Empire
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00742-00172711-00172929 although the eastern Roman Empire based
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00743-00172930-00173148 in Constantinople would still continue
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00744-00173149-00173634 to exist until 1453 529 the eastern
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00745-00173635-00173808 Roman Emperor Justinian the first
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00746-00173809-00173994 ordered the prominent philosophical
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00747-00173995-00174147 schools of antiquity throughout the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00748-00174148-00174342 eastern Roman Empire including the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00749-00174343-00174588 famous Academy in Athens among others to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00750-00174589-00174852 close down allegedly because Justinian
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00751-00174853-00175029 frowned upon the pagan nature of these
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00752-00175030-00175761 schools 634 the rise of Islam
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00753-00175762-00176276 topic see also
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00754-00176277-00176854 topic Byzantine Empire Peter Brown fall
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00755-00176855-00177173 of the Western Roman Empire early Middle
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00756-00177174-00177918 Ages migration period Roman Persian Wars
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00757-00177919-00178456 topic notes
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00758-00178457-00178847 topic
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00759-00178848-00179370 topic references
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00760-00179371-00179724 topic Perry Anderson passages from
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00761-00179725-00180167 antiquity to feudalism NLB London 1974
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00762-00180168-00180408 Peter Brown the world of Late Antiquity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00763-00180409-00180819 from Marcus Aurelius to Mohammed AD 150
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00764-00180820-00181311 to 750 Thames & Hudson 1989 is B&O three
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00765-00181312-00181601 nine three nine five eight oh three five
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00766-00181602-00181890 Peter Brown authority and the sacred
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00767-00181891-00182091 aspects of the Christianization of the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00768-00182092-00182169 Roman world
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00769-00182170-00182592 routledge 1997 ISBN oh five two one five
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00770-00182593-00182988 nine five five seven six Peter Brown the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00771-00182989-00183198 rise of Western Christendom triumph and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00772-00183199-00183648 diversity 200 1000 ad Blackwell 2003 is
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00773-00183649-00183918 B and O six three one two two one three
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00774-00183919-00184031 eight seven
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00775-00184032-00184383 Hennig form westrom von Han aureus
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00776-00184384-00184743 vicious Tinian coal hammer 2013 is B and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00777-00184744-00184974 nine seven eight three one seven oh two
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00778-00184975-00185250 three two seven six one review in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00779-00185251-00185313 English
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00780-00185314-00185607 Averill Cameron the later Roman Empire
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00781-00185608-00186074 ad 284 to 430 Harvard University Press
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00782-00186075-00186489 1993 is B and O six seven four five one
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00783-00186490-00186615 one nine four eight
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00784-00186616-00186825 Averill Cameron the Mediterranean world
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00785-00186826-00187071 in Late Antiquity ad three hundred
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00786-00187072-00187266 ninety five to seven hundred route Lidge
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00787-00187267-00187590 2011 is B and O four one five oh one
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00788-00187591-00187881 four two one two Averill Cameron at all
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00789-00187882-00188109 editors the Cambridge ancient history
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00790-00188110-00188501 Vols 12 to 14 Cambridge University Press
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00791-00188502-00188940 1997 FF Gillian Clark Late Antiquity a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00792-00188941-00189078 very short introduction
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00793-00189079-00189411 Oxford University Press 2011 is B and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00794-00189412-00189687 nine seven eight oh one nine nine five
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00795-00189688-00190017 four six two oh six john curran pagan
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00796-00190018-00190236 city and christian capital Rome in the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00797-00190237-00190488 fourth century Clarendon press 2000
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00798-00190489-00190755 Peter Denzil Bakker and Werner Heinz
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00799-00190756-00191096 Europa endure spaten deke Primus 2007
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00800-00191097-00191424 Fabio gasps D profile Oh story Co della
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00801-00191425-00191679 lettera a latina Pavia University
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00802-00191680-00192042 Press 2013 ISBN nine seven eight eight
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00803-00192043-00192276 eight nine six seven six four oh nine
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00804-00192277-00192549 one tomas hag Edie
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00805-00192550-00192768 so debate the world of Late Antiquity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00806-00192769-00193094 revisited in symbolise allowances 72
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00807-00193095-00193470 1997 Scott F Johnson Edie the Oxford
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00808-00193471-00193620 Handbook of Late Antiquity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00809-00193621-00194078 Oxford University Press 2012 ISBN 978 Oh
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00810-00194079-00194571 1 9 5 3 3 6 9 3 1 Arnold HM Jones the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00811-00194572-00194987 later Roman Empire 284 to 602 a social
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00812-00194988-00195234 economic and administrative survey Vols
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00813-00195235-00195751 I - University of Oklahoma press 1964
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00814-00195752-00196173 Kitzinger Ernst 1977 Byzantine art in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00815-00196174-00196349 the making main lines of stylistic
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00816-00196350-00196608 development in Mediterranean art 3rd 7th
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00817-00196609-00197031 century Faber & Faber ISBN oh five seven
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00818-00197032-00197385 one one one one five four eight Bertrand
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00819-00197386-00197774 Lankin Rome in late antiquity ad 313 -
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00820-00197775-00198207 600 for route llege 2001 Doug Lee pagans
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00821-00198208-00198393 and Christians in late antiquity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00822-00198394-00198701 a sourcebook route llege 2000 Noel
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00823-00198702-00198960 Lensky ed the Cambridge companion to the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00824-00198961-00199115 age of Constantine Cambridge University
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00825-00199116-00199640 Press 2006 Samuel NC blue and Dominic
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00826-00199641-00199886 Montserrat EDS from Constantine to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00827-00199887-00200106 Julian pagan and Byzantine views a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00828-00200107-00200511 source history route llege 1996 Michael
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00829-00200512-00200721 Moss Eadie the Cambridge companion to
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00830-00200722-00200895 the age of Justinian Cambridge
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00831-00200896-00201287 University Press 2005 Robert Markus the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00832-00201288-00201447 end of ancient Christianity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00833-00201448-00201834 Cambridge University Press 1990 Ramsey
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00834-00201835-00202049 McMullen Christianizing the Roman Empire
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00835-00202050-00202236 ad 100 to 400
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00836-00202237-00202652 Yale University Press 1984 Steven
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00837-00202653-00202841 Mitchell a history of the later Roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00838-00202842-00203425 Empire ad 284 to 641 blackwell 2006
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00839-00203426-00203781 Michael Rostov safe Rev P Fraser the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00840-00203782-00204009 social and economic history of the Roman
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00841-00204010-00204401 Empire Oxford 1979 Johannes Wien and
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00842-00204402-00204701 Edie contested monarchy integrating the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00843-00204702-00204900 Roman Empire in the 4th century AD
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00844-00204901-00205340 Oxford 2015 topic external links topic
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00845-00205341-00205559 new Advent the Fathers of the Church a
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00846-00205560-00205719 Catholic website with English
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00847-00205719-00205916 translations of the early fathers of the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00848-00205917-00206016 church
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00849-00206017-00206235 orb encyclopedias section on Late
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00850-00206236-00206444 Antiquity in the Mediterranean from orb
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00851-00206446-00206640 overview of Late Antiquity from orb
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00852-00206641-00206862 Princeton Stanford working papers in
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00853-00206863-00207054 classics a collaborative forum of
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00854-00207055-00207213 Princeton and Stanford to make the
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00855-00207214-00207360 latest scholarship on the field
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00856-00207361-00207521 available in advance of final
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00857-00207523-00207716 publication
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00858-00207717-00207948 the end of the classical world source
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00859-00207948-00208139 documents from the internet medieval
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00860-00208140-00208394 source book world's of late antiquity
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00861-00208396-00208727 from the University of Pennsylvania age
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00862-00208728-00208979 of spirituality late antique and early
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00863-00208980-00209171 Christian art third to seventh century
+lZ5eFwV0Xwg-00864-00209173-00209558 from the Metropolitan Museum of Art
+lZ-Somh63bI-00000-00000036-00000426 US President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit
+lZ-Somh63bI-00001-00000426-00000597 to China officially the People's
+lZ-Somh63bI-00002-00000598-00000827 Republic of China or PRC was an
+lZ-Somh63bI-00003-00000828-00001011 important strategic and diplomatic
+lZ-Somh63bI-00004-00001011-00001209 overture that marked the culmination of
+lZ-Somh63bI-00005-00001210-00001410 the Nixon administration's resumption of
+lZ-Somh63bI-00006-00001411-00001614 harmonious relations between the United
+lZ-Somh63bI-00007-00001614-00001896 States and China the seven-day official
+lZ-Somh63bI-00008-00001897-00002085 visit to three Chinese cities was the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00009-00002086-00002307 first time a u.s. president had visited
+lZ-Somh63bI-00010-00002308-00002592 the PRC Nixon's arrival in Beijing ended
+lZ-Somh63bI-00011-00002593-00002805 25 years of no communication or
+lZ-Somh63bI-00012-00002806-00002973 diplomatic ties between the two
+lZ-Somh63bI-00013-00002974-00003138 countries and was the key step in
+lZ-Somh63bI-00014-00003139-00003345 normalizing relations between the US and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00015-00003346-00003656 China Nixon visited China to gain more
+lZ-Somh63bI-00016-00003657-00003866 leverage over relations with the Soviet
+lZ-Somh63bI-00017-00003867-00004166 Union when the Communists took over in
+lZ-Somh63bI-00018-00004167-00004412 China in 1949 and exiled the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00019-00004413-00004631 Nationalists to the island of Taiwan the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00020-00004632-00004847 United States allied with and recognized
+lZ-Somh63bI-00021-00004848-00005036 the Republic of China as the sole
+lZ-Somh63bI-00022-00005037-00005268 government of China before his election
+lZ-Somh63bI-00023-00005269-00005555 as president in 1968 former vice
+lZ-Somh63bI-00024-00005556-00005738 president richard nixon hinted at
+lZ-Somh63bI-00025-00005739-00005927 establishing a new relationship with the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00026-00005928-00006254 PRC early in his first term nixon
+lZ-Somh63bI-00027-00006255-00006438 through his National Security Advisor
+lZ-Somh63bI-00028-00006439-00006666 Henry Kissinger sent subtle overtures
+lZ-Somh63bI-00029-00006667-00006888 hinting at warmer relations to the PRC
+lZ-Somh63bI-00030-00006889-00007125 government after a series of these
+lZ-Somh63bI-00031-00007126-00007278 overtures by both countries
+lZ-Somh63bI-00032-00007279-00007445 Kissinger flew on secret diplomatic
+lZ-Somh63bI-00033-00007447-00007788 missions to Beijing in 1971 where he met
+lZ-Somh63bI-00034-00007789-00008090 with premier Jo and Leigh on July 15th
+lZ-Somh63bI-00035-00008091-00008364 1971 the president shocked the world by
+lZ-Somh63bI-00036-00008365-00008559 announcing on live television that he
+lZ-Somh63bI-00037-00008560-00008780 would visit the PRC the following year
+lZ-Somh63bI-00038-00008781-00009111 the week-long visit from February 21st
+lZ-Somh63bI-00039-00009112-00009483 to 28 1972 allowed the American public
+lZ-Somh63bI-00040-00009484-00009654 to view images of China for the first
+lZ-Somh63bI-00041-00009655-00009921 time in over two decades throughout the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00042-00009922-00010083 week the president and his senior
+lZ-Somh63bI-00043-00010084-00010260 advisors engaged in substantive
+lZ-Somh63bI-00044-00010261-00010473 discussions with the PRC leadership
+lZ-Somh63bI-00045-00010474-00010647 including a meeting with Chairman Mao
+lZ-Somh63bI-00046-00010648-00010896 Zedong while first lady Pat Nixon toured
+lZ-Somh63bI-00047-00010897-00011114 schools factories and hospitals in the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00048-00011115-00011346 cities of Beijing Hangzhou and Shanghai
+lZ-Somh63bI-00049-00011347-00011535 with the large American press corps in
+lZ-Somh63bI-00050-00011536-00011880 tow Nixon dubbed his visit the week that
+lZ-Somh63bI-00051-00011881-00012135 changed the world a descriptor that
+lZ-Somh63bI-00052-00012136-00012279 continues to echo in the political
+lZ-Somh63bI-00053-00012280-00012570 lexicon repercussions of the Nixon visit
+lZ-Somh63bI-00054-00012571-00012729 continued to this day while near
+lZ-Somh63bI-00055-00012730-00012944 immediate results included a significant
+lZ-Somh63bI-00056-00012945-00013200 shift in the Cold War balance driving a
+lZ-Somh63bI-00057-00013201-00013394 wedge between the Soviet Union and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00058-00013395-00013595 resulting in significant Soviet
+lZ-Somh63bI-00059-00013596-00013841 concessions to the US the trip spawned
+lZ-Somh63bI-00060-00013843-00014003 China's opening to the world and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00061-00014004-00014175 economic parity with capitalist
+lZ-Somh63bI-00062-00014176-00014489 countries the relationship between China
+lZ-Somh63bI-00063-00014490-00014666 and the US is now one of the most
+lZ-Somh63bI-00064-00014668-00014883 important bilateral relationships in the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00065-00014884-00015119 world and every successive US president
+lZ-Somh63bI-00066-00015120-00015308 with the exception of Jimmy Carter has
+lZ-Somh63bI-00067-00015309-00015594 visited China the trip is consistently
+lZ-Somh63bI-00068-00015594-00015803 ranked by historians scholars and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00069-00015804-00016008 journalists as one of the most important
+lZ-Somh63bI-00070-00016009-00016316 if not the most important visits by a US
+lZ-Somh63bI-00071-00016318-00016644 president anywhere in addition a Nixon
+lZ-Somh63bI-00072-00016645-00016878 to China moment has since become a
+lZ-Somh63bI-00073-00016879-00017047 metaphor for an unexpected
+lZ-Somh63bI-00074-00017048-00017258 uncharacteristic or overly impactful
+lZ-Somh63bI-00075-00017259-00017683 action by a politician
+lZ-Somh63bI-00076-00017684-00018171 topic visit
+lZ-Somh63bI-00077-00018172-00018719 topic historical background
+lZ-Somh63bI-00078-00018720-00018989 improved relations with the Soviet Union
+lZ-Somh63bI-00079-00018990-00019208 and the PRC are often cited as the most
+lZ-Somh63bI-00080-00019209-00019419 successful diplomatic achievements of
+lZ-Somh63bI-00081-00019420-00019722 Nixon's presidency after World War two
+lZ-Somh63bI-00082-00019723-00019947 Americans saw relations between the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00083-00019948-00020119 United States and the Soviet Union
+lZ-Somh63bI-00084-00020120-00020372 deteriorating the Soviets consolidating
+lZ-Somh63bI-00085-00020373-00020570 communist allies over much of Eastern
+lZ-Somh63bI-00086-00020571-00020747 Europe and the potential victory of
+lZ-Somh63bI-00087-00020748-00020945 communist forces in the Chinese Civil
+lZ-Somh63bI-00088-00020946-00021212 War the American ruling class was
+lZ-Somh63bI-00089-00021213-00021375 concerned that communists might dominate
+lZ-Somh63bI-00090-00021376-00021653 schools or labor unions in China from
+lZ-Somh63bI-00091-00021654-00021822 the beginning of the sino-soviet split
+lZ-Somh63bI-00092-00021823-00022139 in 1956 there was a perceived necessity
+lZ-Somh63bI-00093-00022140-00022305 for external allies to counterbalance
+lZ-Somh63bI-00094-00022306-00022628 the power of the USSR while the split
+lZ-Somh63bI-00095-00022629-00022821 was originally motivated in part by
+lZ-Somh63bI-00096-00022822-00023000 mouthes view of the Soviets as too
+lZ-Somh63bI-00097-00023001-00023169 accommodating toward the u.s. eventually
+lZ-Somh63bI-00098-00023170-00023427 he came to view the USSR as the greater
+lZ-Somh63bI-00099-00023428-00023717 threat to China's position the reason
+lZ-Somh63bI-00100-00023718-00023925 for opening up China was for the u.s. to
+lZ-Somh63bI-00101-00023926-00024114 gain more leverage over relations with
+lZ-Somh63bI-00102-00024115-00024386 the Soviet Union resolving the Vietnam
+lZ-Somh63bI-00103-00024387-00024620 War was a particularly important factor
+lZ-Somh63bI-00104-00024621-00024890 National Security Council staffer and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00105-00024891-00025139 later US ambassador to China Winston
+lZ-Somh63bI-00106-00025140-00025409 Lord noted first an opening to China
+lZ-Somh63bI-00107-00025410-00025614 would give us more flexibility on the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00108-00025614-00025877 world scene generally we wouldn't just
+lZ-Somh63bI-00109-00025878-00026090 be dealing with Moscow we could deal
+lZ-Somh63bI-00110-00026091-00026283 with Eastern Europe of course and we
+lZ-Somh63bI-00111-00026283-00026465 could deal with China because the former
+lZ-Somh63bI-00112-00026466-00026683 communist bloc was no longer a bloc
+lZ-Somh63bI-00113-00026684-00026910 Kissinger wanted more flexibility
+lZ-Somh63bI-00114-00026911-00027201 generally secondly by opening relations
+lZ-Somh63bI-00115-00027202-00027362 with China we would catch Russia's
+lZ-Somh63bI-00116-00027363-00027549 attention and get more leverage on them
+lZ-Somh63bI-00117-00027550-00027735 through playing this obvious China card
+lZ-Somh63bI-00118-00027736-00028023 the idea would be to improve relations
+lZ-Somh63bI-00119-00028024-00028236 with Moscow hoping to stir a little bit
+lZ-Somh63bI-00120-00028237-00028329 of its paranoia
+lZ-Somh63bI-00121-00028330-00028527 by dealing with China never getting so
+lZ-Somh63bI-00122-00028527-00028704 engaged with China that we would turn
+lZ-Somh63bI-00123-00028705-00028902 Russia into a hostile enemy but enough
+lZ-Somh63bI-00124-00028902-00029061 to get the attention of the Russians
+lZ-Somh63bI-00125-00029062-00029352 this effort in fact worked dramatically
+lZ-Somh63bI-00126-00029352-00029582 after Kissinger's secret trip to China
+lZ-Somh63bI-00127-00029583-00029864 thirdly Kissinger and Nixon wanted to
+lZ-Somh63bI-00128-00029865-00030156 get help in resolving the Vietnam War by
+lZ-Somh63bI-00129-00030157-00030339 dealing with Russia and with China we
+lZ-Somh63bI-00130-00030339-00030495 hoped to put pressure on Hanoi to
+lZ-Somh63bI-00131-00030495-00030804 negotiate seriously at a maximum we
+lZ-Somh63bI-00132-00030805-00030993 tried to get Russia and China to slow
+lZ-Somh63bI-00133-00030994-00031137 down the provision of aid to North
+lZ-Somh63bI-00134-00031138-00031439 Vietnam somewhat more realistically and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00135-00031440-00031595 at a minimum we sought to persuade
+lZ-Somh63bI-00136-00031596-00031800 Russia and China to encourage Hanoi to
+lZ-Somh63bI-00137-00031801-00032001 make a deal with the United States and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00138-00032002-00032099 give Hanoi assent
+lZ-Somh63bI-00139-00032100-00032285 of isolation because they're too big
+lZ-Somh63bI-00140-00032286-00032561 patrons were dealing with us indeed by
+lZ-Somh63bI-00141-00032562-00032732 their willingness to engage in summit
+lZ-Somh63bI-00142-00032733-00032901 meetings with us with Nixon going to
+lZ-Somh63bI-00143-00032902-00033248 China in February 1972 and to Moscow in
+lZ-Somh63bI-00144-00033249-00033545 May 1972 the Russians and Chinese were
+lZ-Somh63bI-00145-00033546-00033720 beginning to place a higher priority on
+lZ-Somh63bI-00146-00033721-00033908 their bilateral relations with us than
+lZ-Somh63bI-00147-00033909-00034046 on their dealings with their friends in
+lZ-Somh63bI-00148-00034047-00034343 Hanoi one of the main reasons Richard
+lZ-Somh63bI-00149-00034344-00034649 Nixon became the 1952 vice presidential
+lZ-Somh63bI-00150-00034650-00034860 candidate on the Eisenhower ticket was
+lZ-Somh63bI-00151-00034861-00035062 his strong anti-communist stance
+lZ-Somh63bI-00152-00035063-00035426 despite this in 1972 Nixon became the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00153-00035427-00035630 first u.s. president to visit mainland
+lZ-Somh63bI-00154-00035631-00035912 China while in office ulysses s grant
+lZ-Somh63bI-00155-00035913-00036158 visited China on a world tour after
+lZ-Somh63bI-00156-00036159-00036432 leaving office Herbert Hoover lived in
+lZ-Somh63bI-00157-00036433-00036707 China briefly in 1899 before becoming
+lZ-Somh63bI-00158-00036708-00036882 president and could speak Mandarin
+lZ-Somh63bI-00159-00036883-00037161 Dwight Eisenhower made a state visit to
+lZ-Somh63bI-00160-00037162-00037430 Taiwan in 1960 during the period when
+lZ-Somh63bI-00161-00037431-00037595 the United States recognized the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00162-00037596-00037802 Republic of China government in Taipei
+lZ-Somh63bI-00163-00037803-00038340 as the sole government of China
+lZ-Somh63bI-00164-00038341-00038717 readiness
+lZ-Somh63bI-00165-00038718-00039089 in July 1971 President Nixon's National
+lZ-Somh63bI-00166-00039090-00039245 Security Advisor Henry Kissinger
+lZ-Somh63bI-00167-00039246-00039506 secretly visited Beijing during a trip
+lZ-Somh63bI-00168-00039507-00039692 to Pakistan and laid the groundwork for
+lZ-Somh63bI-00169-00039693-00039977 Nixon's visit to China this meeting was
+lZ-Somh63bI-00170-00039978-00040205 arranged and facilitated by Pakistan
+lZ-Somh63bI-00171-00040206-00040388 through its strong diplomatic channels
+lZ-Somh63bI-00172-00040389-00040640 with China transcripts of White House
+lZ-Somh63bI-00173-00040641-00040874 meetings and once confidential documents
+lZ-Somh63bI-00174-00040875-00041057 show Nixon began working to open a
+lZ-Somh63bI-00175-00041058-00041249 channel of communication with Beijing
+lZ-Somh63bI-00176-00041250-00041419 from his first day in the White House
+lZ-Somh63bI-00177-00041420-00041645 for this ambitious goal to be reached
+lZ-Somh63bI-00178-00041646-00041879 President Nixon had carried out a series
+lZ-Somh63bI-00179-00041880-00042074 of carefully calibrated moves through
+lZ-Somh63bI-00180-00042075-00042284 communist China's allies Romania and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00181-00042285-00042715 Pakistan
+lZ-Somh63bI-00182-00042716-00043196 topic traveled to China
+lZ-Somh63bI-00183-00043197-00043436 mr. Nixon his wife and their entourage
+lZ-Somh63bI-00184-00043437-00043702 left the White House on February 17th
+lZ-Somh63bI-00185-00043703-00044009 1972 spending a night in Kaneohe Marine
+lZ-Somh63bI-00186-00044010-00044375 Corps Air Station Oh whoo Hawaii they
+lZ-Somh63bI-00187-00044376-00044564 arrived the next day in Guam at 5:00
+lZ-Somh63bI-00188-00044565-00044624 p.m.
+lZ-Somh63bI-00189-00044625-00044765 where they spent the night at Nimitz
+lZ-Somh63bI-00190-00044766-00044939 Hill the residence of the commander
+lZ-Somh63bI-00191-00044940-00045278 Naval Forces Marianas the next morning
+lZ-Somh63bI-00192-00045279-00045563 February 21st at 7:00 a.m. the Nixon's
+lZ-Somh63bI-00193-00045564-00045833 left Guam for Shanghai after four hours
+lZ-Somh63bI-00194-00045834-00046028 in the air the Nixon's arrived in
+lZ-Somh63bI-00195-00046029-00046310 Shanghai from Shanghai the Nixon's
+lZ-Somh63bI-00196-00046311-00046689 traveled to Beijing
+lZ-Somh63bI-00197-00046690-00047301 topic meeting with MAO from February
+lZ-Somh63bI-00198-00047302-00047697 21st to 28 1972 US President Richard
+lZ-Somh63bI-00199-00047698-00047937 Nixon traveled to Beijing Hangzhou and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00200-00047938-00048252 Shanghai almost as soon as the American
+lZ-Somh63bI-00201-00048253-00048429 president arrived in the Chinese capital
+lZ-Somh63bI-00202-00048430-00048633 Chairman Mao's summoned him for a quick
+lZ-Somh63bI-00203-00048634-00048936 meeting Secretary of State William P
+lZ-Somh63bI-00204-00048937-00049134 Rogers was excluded from this meeting
+lZ-Somh63bI-00205-00049135-00049311 and the only other American present
+lZ-Somh63bI-00206-00049312-00049485 besides Kissinger was Kissinger's
+lZ-Somh63bI-00207-00049486-00049734 assistant Winston Lord to avoid
+lZ-Somh63bI-00208-00049735-00049956 embarrassing Rogers Lord was cropped out
+lZ-Somh63bI-00209-00049957-00050133 of all the official photographs of the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00210-00050134-00050358 meeting they figured that it was
+lZ-Somh63bI-00211-00050359-00050541 humiliating enough that the National
+lZ-Somh63bI-00212-00050542-00050736 Security Advisor was with the president
+lZ-Somh63bI-00213-00050737-00050895 at this historic meeting but the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00214-00050896-00051189 Secretary of State was not to add on top
+lZ-Somh63bI-00215-00051190-00051341 of that the fact that the special
+lZ-Somh63bI-00216-00051342-00051522 assistant to the National Security
+lZ-Somh63bI-00217-00051523-00051732 Advisor was there as a third person but
+lZ-Somh63bI-00218-00051733-00051929 the Secretary of State was not was too
+lZ-Somh63bI-00219-00051930-00052205 much even for them the Chinese clearly
+lZ-Somh63bI-00220-00052207-00052383 must have been puzzled by this but they
+lZ-Somh63bI-00221-00052384-00052598 readily went along with this request
+lZ-Somh63bI-00222-00052599-00052854 although Nixon was in China for a week
+lZ-Somh63bI-00223-00052854-00053025 this would be his only meeting with the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00224-00053026-00053349 top Chinese leader unknown to Nixon and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00225-00053350-00053529 the rest of the American diplomats at
+lZ-Somh63bI-00226-00053529-00053733 the time Mao was in poor health and he
+lZ-Somh63bI-00227-00053734-00053898 had been hospitalized for several weeks
+lZ-Somh63bI-00228-00053899-00054116 up to only nine days before Nixon's
+lZ-Somh63bI-00229-00054117-00054387 arrival nevertheless Mao felt well
+lZ-Somh63bI-00230-00054388-00054576 enough to insist to his officials that
+lZ-Somh63bI-00231-00054577-00054716 he would meet with Nixon upon his
+lZ-Somh63bI-00232-00054717-00054992 arrival upon being introduced to Nixon
+lZ-Somh63bI-00233-00054994-00055185 for the first time Mao speaking through
+lZ-Somh63bI-00234-00055186-00055425 his translator said to Nixon I believe
+lZ-Somh63bI-00235-00055426-00055667 our old friend Chiang kai-shek would not
+lZ-Somh63bI-00236-00055669-00055938 approve of this
+lZ-Somh63bI-00237-00055939-00056127 as an observer of the mound Nixon
+lZ-Somh63bI-00238-00056128-00056415 meeting Lord noted the meeting lasted
+lZ-Somh63bI-00239-00056416-00056652 for about an hour I remember distinctly
+lZ-Somh63bI-00240-00056653-00056847 coming out of the meeting somewhat
+lZ-Somh63bI-00241-00056848-00057057 disappointed I was impressed with the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00242-00057058-00057317 physical impact of Mao it was also clear
+lZ-Somh63bI-00243-00057319-00057516 that this man was tough ruthless and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00244-00057516-00057690 came from a peasant background in
+lZ-Somh63bI-00245-00057691-00057921 contrast to the elegant Mandarin quality
+lZ-Somh63bI-00246-00057922-00058188 of Joe and lei however I thought that
+lZ-Somh63bI-00247-00058189-00058391 the conversation was somewhat episodic
+lZ-Somh63bI-00248-00058392-00058679 and not very full Kissinger had sort of
+lZ-Somh63bI-00249-00058680-00058908 the same reaction as I did Mao was
+lZ-Somh63bI-00250-00058909-00059127 speaking as he usually did in simple
+lZ-Somh63bI-00251-00059128-00059328 brushstrokes whereas we were used to the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00252-00059329-00059496 formal elegant and somewhat lengthy
+lZ-Somh63bI-00253-00059497-00059784 presentations of Joe and Lai Mao would
+lZ-Somh63bI-00254-00059785-00059994 just throw in a few sentences a few
+lZ-Somh63bI-00255-00059995-00060249 brush strokes he went from topic to
+lZ-Somh63bI-00256-00060250-00060561 topic in rather a casual way
+lZ-Somh63bI-00257-00060562-00060755 however as we thought about it and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00258-00060757-00060939 certainly by the end of the trip we
+lZ-Somh63bI-00259-00060940-00061140 realized in fact that Mao had put in a
+lZ-Somh63bI-00260-00061141-00061377 very skillful performance in his
+lZ-Somh63bI-00261-00061378-00061602 understated and unorthodox way he had
+lZ-Somh63bI-00262-00061603-00061779 set forth the main lines of Chinese
+lZ-Somh63bI-00263-00061779-00061986 policy he had made clear the features
+lZ-Somh63bI-00264-00061987-00062172 that he considered very important and
+lZ-Somh63bI-00265-00062173-00062351 that other things could fall into place
+lZ-Somh63bI-00266-00062352-00062640 Mao was self-deprecating even though he
+lZ-Somh63bI-00267-00062641-00062916 had a tremendous ego he had some humor
+lZ-Somh63bI-00268-00062916-00063069 he had gotten through his agenda
+lZ-Somh63bI-00269-00063070-00063240 purposefully even though it seemed
+lZ-Somh63bI-00270-00063241-00063534 casual and episodic he had managed to
+lZ-Somh63bI-00271-00063535-00063753 cover the main points I still don't
+lZ-Somh63bI-00272-00063754-00063879 think that it was one of the great
+lZ-Somh63bI-00273-00063879-00064170 conversations of all time however I
+lZ-Somh63bI-00274-00064171-00064365 think that Mao was much more purposeful
+lZ-Somh63bI-00275-00064366-00064533 and skillful than we gave him credit for
+lZ-Somh63bI-00276-00064534-00064841 at first nixon held many meetings with
+lZ-Somh63bI-00277-00064842-00065049 Chinese premier Joe and lei during the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00278-00065050-00065247 trip which included visits to the Great
+lZ-Somh63bI-00279-00065248-00065553 Wall Hangzhou and Shanghai Nixon's
+lZ-Somh63bI-00280-00065554-00065823 porcelain Swan statue a gift to Mao was
+lZ-Somh63bI-00281-00065824-00066006 presented along the way in gift giving
+lZ-Somh63bI-00282-00066007-00066285 ceremony at the conclusion of his trip
+lZ-Somh63bI-00283-00066286-00066477 the United States and the PRC government
+lZ-Somh63bI-00284-00066478-00066708 issued the Shanghai communique a
+lZ-Somh63bI-00285-00066709-00066897 statement of their foreign policy views
+lZ-Somh63bI-00286-00066898-00067074 in a document that has remained the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00287-00067075-00067275 basis of sino-american bilateral
+lZ-Somh63bI-00288-00067276-00067355 relations
+lZ-Somh63bI-00289-00067356-00067590 Kissinger stated that the u.s. also
+lZ-Somh63bI-00290-00067591-00067800 intended to pull all its forces out of
+lZ-Somh63bI-00291-00067801-00068067 the island of Taiwan in the communicate
+lZ-Somh63bI-00292-00068068-00068265 both nations pledged to work toward the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00293-00068266-00068519 full normalization of diplomatic policy
+lZ-Somh63bI-00294-00068520-00068784 topic results the Chinese agreed to a
+lZ-Somh63bI-00295-00068785-00068943 peaceful settlement of the Taiwan
+lZ-Somh63bI-00296-00068944-00069222 question the statement enabled the US
+lZ-Somh63bI-00297-00069223-00069480 and PRC to temporarily set aside the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00298-00069481-00069645 crucial question obstructing the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00299-00069646-00069855 normalization of relations concerning
+lZ-Somh63bI-00300-00069856-00070056 the political status of Taiwan and to
+lZ-Somh63bI-00301-00070057-00070332 open trade and other contacts however
+lZ-Somh63bI-00302-00070333-00070554 the u.s. continued to maintain official
+lZ-Somh63bI-00303-00070555-00070710 relations with the government of the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00304-00070711-00070932 Republic of China in Taiwan and did not
+lZ-Somh63bI-00305-00070933-00071133 break off until 1979
+lZ-Somh63bI-00306-00071134-00071322 when the US established full diplomatic
+lZ-Somh63bI-00307-00071323-00071685 relations with the PRC while in Shanghai
+lZ-Somh63bI-00308-00071686-00071868 Nixon spoke about what this meant for
+lZ-Somh63bI-00309-00071869-00072069 the two countries in the future this was
+lZ-Somh63bI-00310-00072070-00072207 the week that changed the world
+lZ-Somh63bI-00311-00072208-00072375 as what we have said in that communique
+lZ-Somh63bI-00312-00072376-00072564 is not nearly as important as what we
+lZ-Somh63bI-00313-00072565-00072717 will do in the years ahead to build a
+lZ-Somh63bI-00314-00072718-00073011 bridge across 16,000 miles and 22 years
+lZ-Somh63bI-00315-00073012-00073209 of hostilities which have divided us in
+lZ-Somh63bI-00316-00073210-00073473 the past and what we have said today is
+lZ-Somh63bI-00317-00073474-00073731 that we shall build that bridge Nixon
+lZ-Somh63bI-00318-00073732-00073914 and his aides carefully planned the trip
+lZ-Somh63bI-00319-00073915-00073948 to
+lZ-Somh63bI-00320-00073949-00074104 the biggest possible impact on
+lZ-Somh63bI-00321-00074105-00074292 television audiences in the United
+lZ-Somh63bI-00322-00074293-00074566 States the media coverage of the trip
+lZ-Somh63bI-00323-00074567-00074779 was overwhelmingly positive later
+lZ-Somh63bI-00324-00074780-00074955 interviews with correspondents who
+lZ-Somh63bI-00325-00074956-00075117 traveled with the president show how
+lZ-Somh63bI-00326-00075118-00075285 eager they were to be on the trip which
+lZ-Somh63bI-00327-00075286-00075454 some labelled the most important summit
+lZ-Somh63bI-00328-00075455-00075654 meeting ever Richard Nixon wrote many
+lZ-Somh63bI-00329-00075655-00075782 books about his international
+lZ-Somh63bI-00330-00075783-00076084 contributions and accomplishments beyond
+lZ-Somh63bI-00331-00076085-00076263 peace is the last of his post career
+lZ-Somh63bI-00332-00076264-00076455 volumes addressing the need for the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00333-00076456-00076674 United States in a world transformed by
+lZ-Somh63bI-00334-00076675-00076935 the collapse of the communist bloc John
+lZ-Somh63bI-00335-00076936-00077244 T downy and Richard Victo CIA operatives
+lZ-Somh63bI-00336-00077245-00077416 who were held captive in China from
+lZ-Somh63bI-00337-00077417-00077676 November 1952 were released after
+lZ-Somh63bI-00338-00077677-00077965 Nixon's visit to China topic aftermath
+lZ-Somh63bI-00339-00077966-00078162 Nixon's trip to China was well-planned
+lZ-Somh63bI-00340-00078163-00078448 virtually choreographed his every move
+lZ-Somh63bI-00341-00078449-00078666 was rehearsed the media played a vital
+lZ-Somh63bI-00342-00078667-00078885 role in assuring Americans back home
+lZ-Somh63bI-00343-00078886-00079074 were able to see mix in communicating
+lZ-Somh63bI-00344-00079075-00079205 with Chinese government officials
+lZ-Somh63bI-00345-00079206-00079437 attending dinners and being accorded
+lZ-Somh63bI-00346-00079438-00079643 tours with other people of influence
+lZ-Somh63bI-00347-00079644-00079834 Nixon played the role of an
+lZ-Somh63bI-00348-00079835-00080088 international Statesman Americans paused
+lZ-Somh63bI-00349-00080089-00080296 and observed and garnered respect for
+lZ-Somh63bI-00350-00080297-00080556 Nixon because of this visually televised
+lZ-Somh63bI-00351-00080557-00080775 confirmation citizens were receiving on
+lZ-Somh63bI-00352-00080776-00080982 the daily national news presidential
+lZ-Somh63bI-00353-00080983-00081261 approval ratings rose to almost 56%
+lZ-Somh63bI-00354-00081262-00081450 after his return from a packed week of
+lZ-Somh63bI-00355-00081451-00081618 meetings and photo opportunities
+lZ-Somh63bI-00356-00081619-00081819 American citizens were asked what they
+lZ-Somh63bI-00357-00081820-00081973 thought the impact of this trip would
+lZ-Somh63bI-00358-00081974-00082116 have on the role of the United States
+lZ-Somh63bI-00359-00082117-00082430 internationally in a poll taken in March
+lZ-Somh63bI-00360-00082431-00082728 1972 conducted by Gallup the results
+lZ-Somh63bI-00361-00082729-00082956 stated that more than 50% of the group
+lZ-Somh63bI-00362-00082957-00083136 found the trip effective in terms of
+lZ-Somh63bI-00363-00083137-00083260 improving world peace
+lZ-Somh63bI-00364-00083261-00083418 max Frankel of the New York Times
+lZ-Somh63bI-00365-00083419-00083592 received the Pulitzer Prize for
+lZ-Somh63bI-00366-00083593-00083775 international reporting for his coverage
+lZ-Somh63bI-00367-00083776-00083971 of the event the visit inspired John
+lZ-Somh63bI-00368-00083972-00084330 Adams 1987 opera and Nixon in China it
+lZ-Somh63bI-00369-00084331-00084528 was also the subject of a PBS
+lZ-Somh63bI-00370-00084529-00084778 documentary film American experience
+lZ-Somh63bI-00371-00084779-00085113 Nixon's China game topics see also Nixon
+lZ-Somh63bI-00372-00085114-00085269 goes to China ping-pong diplomacy
+lZ-Somh63bI-00373-00085270-00085518 general China and the United Nations
+lZ-Somh63bI-00374-00085519-00085743 topic references topic further reading
+lZ-Somh63bI-00375-00085744-00086007 burr William 1999 the Kissinger
+lZ-Somh63bI-00376-00086008-00086241 transcripts the new press Dalek Robert
+lZ-Somh63bI-00377-00086242-00086584 2007 Nixon and Kissinger partners in
+lZ-Somh63bI-00378-00086585-00086730 power New York
+lZ-Somh63bI-00379-00086731-00087046 HarperCollins drew Elizabeth 2007
+lZ-Somh63bI-00380-00087047-00087373 Richard M Nixon New York Times books
+lZ-Somh63bI-00381-00087374-00087703 Ladd Lee Eric mm to Nixon's China trip
+lZ-Somh63bI-00382-00087704-00088012 writers Club press 2007 balancing act
+lZ-Somh63bI-00383-00088013-00088216 how Nixon went to China and remained a
+lZ-Somh63bI-00384-00088217-00088561 conservative Macmillan Margaret 2007
+lZ-Somh63bI-00385-00088562-00088795 Nixon and Mao the week that changed the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00386-00088796-00088936 world New York
+lZ-Somh63bI-00387-00088937-00089395 Random House man James 1999 about-face
+lZ-Somh63bI-00388-00089396-00089866 New York Knopf Nixon Richard 1978 RN the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00389-00089867-00090097 memoirs of Richard Nixon New York
+lZ-Somh63bI-00390-00090098-00090499 Grosset & Dunlap Judah Chris 2012 a cold
+lZ-Somh63bI-00391-00090500-00090817 war turning-point Nixon and China 1969
+lZ-Somh63bI-00392-00090818-00091210 to 1972 Baton Rouge Louisiana Louisiana
+lZ-Somh63bI-00393-00091211-00091458 State University Press
+lZ-Somh63bI-00394-00091459-00091882 Tyler Patrick 1999 a great wall six
+lZ-Somh63bI-00395-00091883-00092445 presidents in China public affairs
+lZ-Somh63bI-00396-00092446-00092983 topic external links
+lZ-Somh63bI-00397-00092984-00093226 Nixon's trip to China including the
+lZ-Somh63bI-00398-00093227-00093430 president's recollections documented on
+lZ-Somh63bI-00399-00093431-00093634 White House tapes from the Richard Nixon
+lZ-Somh63bI-00400-00093635-00093964 Presidential Library index of articles
+lZ-Somh63bI-00401-00093965-00094168 on Nixon's foreign policy including
+lZ-Somh63bI-00402-00094169-00094428 China from the Richard Nixon Foundation
+lZ-Somh63bI-00403-00094429-00094729 webcast Nixon in China from the Council
+lZ-Somh63bI-00404-00094730-00095020 on Foreign Relations Nixon's trip to
+lZ-Somh63bI-00405-00095021-00095203 China records now completely
+lZ-Somh63bI-00406-00095204-00095413 Declassified including Kissinger
+lZ-Somh63bI-00407-00095414-00095611 intelligence briefing and assurances on
+lZ-Somh63bI-00408-00095612-00095815 Taiwan from National Security Archive
+lZ-Somh63bI-00409-00095816-00096148 the George Washington University
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00000-00000045-00000233 there are various systems of
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00001-00000234-00000729 romanization of the Armenian alphabet
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00002-00000730-00001364 topic transliteration systems
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00003-00001365-00001963 topic hutchman May 1913
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00004-00001964-00002212 in linguistic literature on classical
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00005-00002213-00002364 armenian the commonly used
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00006-00002365-00002595 transliteration is that of hub shman May
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00007-00002596-00002976 1913 it uses a combining dot above mark
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00008-00002977-00003447 u+ o 307 to express the aspirates T P K
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00009-00003448-00003706 some documents were also published using
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00010-00003707-00004045 a similar Latin Dacia diacritic u+ o 3:1
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00011-00004046-00004189 for a mirrored comma
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00012-00004190-00004425 ' combining above the letter which is
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00013-00004426-00004741 easier to distinguish visually in T CHP
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00014-00004742-00005097 K however the correct support of these
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00015-00005098-00005302 combining diacritics has been poor for
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00016-00005303-00005547 long in the past and was not very common
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00017-00005548-00005779 on many usual applications and computer
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00018-00005780-00005983 fonts or rendering systems so some
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00019-00005984-00006163 documents have been published using as
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00020-00006164-00006363 possible fall backs their spacing
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00021-00006364-00006570 variants such as the modifier letter dot
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00022-00006572-00006852 above u + o - d9 written after the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00023-00006853-00007015 letter instead of above it or the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00024-00007016-00007318 mirrored comma apostrophe u + 201 be
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00025-00007319-00007485 written after the letter instead of
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00026-00007486-00007738 above it or sometimes the spacing Greek
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00027-00007739-00008049 spiritus aspart u + 1 FF e only in
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00028-00008050-00008230 printed versions to make sure that it
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00029-00008231-00008377 will be curly and not shown as a
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00030-00008378-00008599 diagonal wedge or stroke similar to an
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00031-00008600-00008773 accent even though it will often been
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00032-00008774-00008941 incorrectly positioned with Latin
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00033-00008942-00009109 letters for rendering in simple text
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00034-00009110-00009292 renderers on screen even though the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00035-00009293-00009484 armenian spiritus mark originates
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00036-00009485-00009681 semantically from the greek mark but is
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00037-00009682-00009844 positioned differently above the right
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00038-00009845-00010033 side of armenian letters instead of
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00039-00010034-00010237 above the left side of greek letters or
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00040-00010238-00010596 the spacing grave accent u + o 2 CB even
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00041-00010597-00010816 if it is too flat or even the ascii back
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00042-00010817-00011121 quote back clipped u + o o6 o or the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00043-00011122-00011481 ascii ' quote u + oo - 7 when there was
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00044-00011482-00011770 no confusion possible but the preferred
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00045-00011771-00011970 character today is the modifier letter
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00046-00011971-00012249 left half ring u + o to be f it's
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00047-00012250-00012438 combining variant above the letter as
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00048-00012439-00012670 not used see below or the modifier
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00049-00012671-00012931 letter u + o to be D which is the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00050-00012932-00013171 spacing variant of the Dacia diacritic
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00051-00013172-00013360 it is also historically a correct
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00052-00013361-00013552 adaptation to the latin script of the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00053-00013553-00013753 Greek spiritus asper see rough breathing
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00054-00013754-00013941 with the advantage of having excellent
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00055-00013943-00014149 support in many Latin fonts because it
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00056-00014150-00014356 is also a simple mirrored comma a pissed
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00057-00014357-00014638 off but encoded as u plus o 2 BD to
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00058-00014638-00014788 enforce the curly shape of the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00059-00014788-00014994 apostrophe and prohibit it's possible
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00060-00014995-00015250 wedge shape the modifier letter u plus O
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00061-00015251-00015310 2
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00062-00015311-00015508 is often mapped in fonts for fine
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00063-00015509-00015747 typography with the same glyph as the u+
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00064-00015749-00016021 201 be mirrored comma apostrophe and
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00065-00016022-00016147 will often be easier to read
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00066-00016147-00016338 typographically than the very thin half
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00067-00016340-00016537 ring that has to frequently rendered as
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00068-00016538-00016720 a superscript left parenthese or
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00069-00016721-00017035 superscript small letter c + u + o to be
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00070-00017036-00017248 d is used in many english documents
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00071-00017249-00017449 prepared with enhanced typography as one
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00072-00017450-00017644 of the two possible styles for the left
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00073-00017645-00017983 single quotation mark u + 201 be used to
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00074-00017984-00018369 replace the ambiguous ascii ' quote u +
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00075-00018370-00018583 o to be d can also be used within
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00076-00018584-00018796 documents prepared for fine armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00077-00018797-00018967 typography because the armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00078-00018968-00019168 orthography should never use any Latin
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00079-00019169-00019384 style apostrophes for quoting armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00080-00019385-00019726 texts also some ambiguities were not
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00081-00019727-00019876 solved to work with modern vernacular
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00082-00019877-00020137 armenian which has two dialects both
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00083-00020138-00020377 using two possible orthographies besides
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00084-00020378-00020575 the modern orthography is used for
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00085-00020576-00020725 classical armenian in modern
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00086-00020726-00021085 publications
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00087-00021086-00021856 topic be G&P cgn 1981
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00088-00021857-00022298 b/g/n PCG and romanization 1981 uses a
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00089-00022299-00022520 right single quotation mark to express
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00090-00022521-00022955 aspirates t CH t's p k diverging from
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00091-00022956-00023164 the original rough breathing diacritic
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00092-00023165-00023500 this romanization was taken up by I so
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00093-00023501-00023840 1996 and is considered obsolete this
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00094-00023841-00024044 system is a loose transcription and is
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00095-00024045-00024248 not reversible without using dictionary
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00096-00024249-00024461 lookup notably for single armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00097-00024462-00024680 letters romanized into digraphs these
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00098-00024681-00024929 non reversible or ambiguous romanization
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00099-00024930-00025088 czar shown in a red cell in the table
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00100-00025089-00025252 below
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00101-00025253-00025502 some armenian letters have several
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00102-00025503-00025676 romanization x' depending on their
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00103-00025677-00025988 context the armenian vowel letter e
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00104-00025989-00026222 should be romanized as he initially or
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00105-00026223-00026545 after the vowel characters ee ee i io o
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00106-00026547-00026870 uu and oo in all other cases it should
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00107-00026870-00027173 be romanized as he the armenian vowel
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00108-00027174-00027383 letter o Oh should be romanized as
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00109-00027383-00027577 though initially except in the word eel
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00110-00027579-00027788 where it should be romanized as o V in
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00111-00027789-00027986 all other cases it should be romanized
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00112-00027987-00028280 as though the Armenian consonant letter
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00113-00028281-00028538 V V should be romanized yet initially in
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00114-00028539-00028763 isolation or after the vowel characters
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00115-00028764-00029162 ee ee i io o uu and oo in all other
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00116-00029163-00029627 cases it should be romanized as ever
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00117-00029627-00030802 topic iso9000 985 1996 iso 9000 985 1996
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00118-00030804-00030979 is the international standard for
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00119-00030980-00031189 transliteration of the modern Armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00120-00031191-00031511 alphabet like with the BGN PC GN
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00121-00031512-00031727 romanization the right single quotation
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00122-00031727-00031912 mark is used to denote most of the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00123-00031913-00032215 aspirates this system is reversible
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00124-00032216-00032402 because it avoids the use of digraphs
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00125-00032402-00032585 and returns to the hub shman may yay
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00126-00032586-00032795 however some diacritics for vowels are
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00127-00032796-00033122 also modified the aspirate series has
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00128-00033123-00033326 not given fully consistent treatment in
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00129-00033327-00033812 iso 9000 985 while PT c k r romanized
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00130-00033813-00034052 with a quotation mark CC is not an
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00131-00034053-00034244 instead it's an aspirated counterpart
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00132-00034245-00034409 see as notated with an under not
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00133-00034410-00034573 appearing nowhere else in the system
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00134-00034574-00034865 note that in this scheme seat signifying
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00135-00034866-00035051 c collides with the hub shman may a
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00136-00035052-00035308 transliteration where it signifies C
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00137-00035309-00035534 this system is recommended for
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00138-00035535-00035740 international bibliographic text
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00139-00035741-00035924 interchange it is also the base of
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00140-00035925-00036113 simplified romanization z' found to
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00141-00036114-00036323 localize the armenian toponymy of for
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00142-00036324-00036521 transliterating human names where it
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00143-00036522-00036856 works very well with the common iso/iec
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00144-00036857-00037514 8859-1
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00145-00037515-00038162 topic Allah LC 1997
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00146-00038163-00038534 Ola LC romanization 1997 is largely
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00147-00038535-00038867 compatible with VG n P cgn but returns
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00148-00038868-00039062 to expressing aspirates with a left
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00149-00039063-00039260 single quotation mark in fact the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00150-00039261-00039524 modifier letter left half ring u + o to
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00151-00039525-00039869 be f us mark hexadecimal code bo that is
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00152-00039870-00040091 also used to denote a in in Arabic so
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00153-00040092-00040274 some documents may contain either the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00154-00040275-00040472 preferred left half ring or sometimes
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00155-00040473-00040724 the ASCII back quote back quote u + oo
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00156-00040725-00041048 sick so this standard changes the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00157-00041049-00041255 transliteration scheme used between
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00158-00041256-00041477 classical Eastern Armenian and Western
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00159-00041478-00041678 Armenian for the Armenian consonants
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00160-00041679-00041942 represented by swapping the pairs b vs p
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00161-00041943-00042608 g vs k d vs t DZ vs TS + CH vs. j in all
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00162-00042609-00042836 cases and to make this romanization less
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00163-00042837-00043181 ambiguous and reversible a soft sign a
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00164-00043182-00043475 prime us mark hexadecimal code a7 is
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00165-00043476-00043679 inserted between two separate letters
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00166-00043680-00043853 that would otherwise be interpreted as a
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00167-00043854-00044090 digraph in red in the table below no
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00168-00044091-00044249 prime is present in the middle of
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00169-00044250-00044699 romanized digraphs z HK h TS d zi g h +
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00170-00044700-00044962 CH representing a single armenian letter
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00171-00044963-00045257 with the classical armenian orthography
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00172-00045258-00045488 only the vowel represented by e will be
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00173-00045489-00045719 represented by y instead when it is at
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00174-00045720-00045869 the initial position in a name and
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00175-00045870-00046049 followed by another vowel this
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00176-00046050-00046244 difficulty has disappeared in modern
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00177-00046245-00046448 armenian with the reformed orthography
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00178-00046449-00046616 that changed the original armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00179-00046617-00046916 letter in such case with the classical
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00180-00046917-00047117 armenian orthography only the vowel
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00181-00047118-00047360 represented by y will be represented by
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00182-00047361-00047561 h instead when it is at the initial
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00183-00047562-00047768 position of a word or of a radical in a
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00184-00047769-00047954 compound word this difficulty has
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00185-00047955-00048140 disappeared in modern armenian with the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00186-00048141-00048329 reformed orthography that changed the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00187-00048330-00048873 original armenian letter in such case
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00188-00048874-00049399 topic ascii only input methods
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00189-00049400-00049615 on various Armenian websites
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00190-00049616-00049819 non-standard transliterators have
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00191-00049820-00049975 appeared to allow inputting modern
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00192-00049976-00050203 Western or Eastern Armenian text using
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00193-00050204-00050509 ASCII only characters it is not a proper
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00194-00050510-00050692 transliterate er but can be convenient
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00195-00050693-00050872 for users that don't have Armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00196-00050873-00051157 keyboards despite these input methods
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00197-00051158-00051333 are commonly used they are not obeying
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00198-00051334-00051520 to any approved international or
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00199-00051521-00051685 Armenian standard so they are not
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00200-00051686-00051850 recommended for the romanization of
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00201-00051851-00052108 Armenian note that the input methods
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00202-00052109-00052450 recognize the Latin digraphs z h DZ g HT
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00203-00052451-00052849 w shish fo c h RR for classic or Eastern
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00204-00052850-00053377 Armenian and z h d z TZ g h fo CH RR for
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00205-00053378-00053560 Western Armenian but offer no way to
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00206-00053561-00053761 disambiguate words where the digraphs
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00207-00053762-00054046 should not be recognized some Armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00208-00054047-00054229 letters are entered as Latin digraphs
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00209-00054229-00054439 and may also be followed by the input of
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00210-00054440-00054654 an ASCII single quote which acts as the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00211-00054655-00054886 only letter modifier recognized but this
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00212-00054887-00055048 quote does not always mean that the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00213-00055049-00055204 intended Armenian letter should be
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00214-00055204-00055402 aspirated this may be the reverse for
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00215-00055403-00055641 the input CH it is also used as a vowel
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00216-00055642-00055972 modifier due to ambiguities texts must
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00217-00055973-00056164 be corrected by entering an intermediate
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00218-00056165-00056329 dummy character before entering the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00219-00056329-00056503 second Latin letter or quote then
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00220-00056504-00056691 removing the dummy character so that the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00221-00056692-00056878 automatic input converter keeps the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00222-00056879-00057127 Armenian letters distinct topic
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00223-00057128-00057330 transliteration tables some Armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00224-00057332-00057511 letters have very different phonetic
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00225-00057512-00057703 sounds between classical or Eastern
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00226-00057704-00057913 Armenian and Western Armenian so that
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00227-00057914-00058080 the usage of Armenian letters is
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00228-00058082-00058266 different between the two sub branches
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00229-00058267-00058528 of the language this is made visible in
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00230-00058529-00058672 the table below by colouring
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00231-00058673-00058915 transliteration specific to classical or
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00232-00058916-00059125 Eastern Armenian on green background and
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00233-00059126-00059304 those for Western Armenian on blue
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00234-00059305-00059521 background other letters are
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00235-00059522-00059704 transliterated independently of the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00236-00059704-00059791 language branch
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00237-00059791-00059991 however cells with red background
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00238-00059992-00060207 contain transliterations that are
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00239-00060208-00060385 context dependent and may in some cases
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00240-00060386-00060811 create ambiguities only the iso9000 985
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00241-00060812-00061048 and hubsan may a romanization x' do not
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00242-00061049-00061261 use any context dependent ambiguous
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00243-00061262-00061453 digraphs for transcribing simple
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00244-00061454-00061641 armenian letters that are not ligatures
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00245-00061642-00061834 but the former is inconsistent with its
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00246-00061835-00062016 representation of aspirated consonants
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00247-00062017-00062229 and incompatible with all other systems
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00248-00062230-00062491 for a pair of letters note that in the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00249-00062491-00062710 table above the last two columns refer
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00250-00062711-00062785 to digraph
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00251-00062786-00063006 not isolated letters however they are
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00252-00063007-00063166 considered letters in the reformed
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00253-00063166-00063444 orthography however the last column
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00254-00063445-00063634 displays the ligature that is used in
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00255-00063635-00063838 the classical orthography only as an
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00256-00063839-00064041 isolated symbol for the short Armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00257-00064042-00064240 word u meaning then and it's derivations
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00258-00064241-00064479 in a way similar to the ampersand and in
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00259-00064480-00064632 the Latin script in the reformed
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00260-00064633-00064837 orthography it is also used at the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00261-00064838-00065023 middle and the end of words instead of F
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00262-00065024-00065217 the same transliteration to you
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00263-00065219-00065419 classical Armenian or EV reformed
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00264-00065420-00065625 orthography will be used for the letters
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00265-00065626-00065809 this ligature represents when they are
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00266-00065810-00066031 used as digraphs it used to refer to the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00267-00066032-00066238 W consonant now it refers to the V
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00268-00066239-00066544 consonant Armenian script also uses some
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00269-00066545-00066738 other digraphs that are often written as
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00270-00066739-00066957 optional ligatures in lowercase only
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00271-00066958-00067171 five of them are encoded in unicode only
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00272-00067172-00067366 four full round-trip compatibility with
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00273-00067367-00067581 some legacy encodings when present these
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00274-00067582-00067794 ligatures which are purely typographic
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00275-00067795-00067984 and carry no semantic distinction in
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00276-00067985-00068218 normal armenian texts must be romanized
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00277-00068219-00068438 by decomposing their component letters
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00278-00068439-00068668 versatile option for the classical
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00279-00068669-00068854 Eastern Armenian including the most
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00280-00068855-00069069 popular romanization systems to date
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00281-00069070-00069553 ASCII hub shman may EA iso 9000 985 BGN
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00282-00069554-00070009 pc GN alla LC topic see also Armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00283-00070010-00070216 language classical Armenian Western
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00284-00070217-00070407 Armenian Eastern Armenian Armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00285-00070408-00070678 alphabet classical Armenian orthography
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00286-00070679-00070918 Armenian orthography reform list of iso
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00287-00070919-00071181 romanisation x' topic references Antoine
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00288-00071182-00071394 May a and Heinrich Hofmann ultramen
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00289-00071395-00071674 ishes Elementor beck heidelberg 1913
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00290-00071675-00072073 second edition 1980 topic external links
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00291-00072074-00072262 armenian transliteration converter
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00292-00072263-00072443 supports both eastern and western
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00293-00072444-00072675 pronunciations of armenian includes a
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00294-00072676-00072924 spell checker
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00295-00072925-00073180 transliteration of Armenian by Thomas T
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00296-00073181-00073393 Peterson in nab Kohanim a and me Boz
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00297-00073394-00073642 place names database of East Akhil
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00298-00073643-00073851 Institute Institute of the Estonian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00299-00073852-00074149 language a ready macro for visual basic
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00300-00074150-00074413 in Microsoft Word text editor allowing
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00301-00074414-00074614 to automatically replace the Armenian
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00302-00074615-00074791 letters to Latin script using the
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00303-00074792-00074971 versatile option above for the Eastern
+lZ_9u_DxFiU-00304-00074972-00075238 Armenian language
+la_6giCYQdY-00000-00000011-00000311 the sixth amendment amendment V to the
+la_6giCYQdY-00001-00000312-00000530 United States Constitution as the part
+la_6giCYQdY-00002-00000531-00000722 of the United States Bill of Rights that
+la_6giCYQdY-00003-00000723-00000893 sets forth rights related to criminal
+la_6giCYQdY-00004-00000894-00001178 prosecutions the Supreme Court has
+la_6giCYQdY-00005-00001179-00001310 applied the protections of this
+la_6giCYQdY-00006-00001311-00001474 amendment to the states through the Due
+la_6giCYQdY-00007-00001475-00001634 Process Clause of the Fourteenth
+la_6giCYQdY-00008-00001635-00002189 Amendment
+la_6giCYQdY-00009-00002190-00002701 topic text
+la_6giCYQdY-00010-00002702-00002938 in all criminal prosecutions the accused
+la_6giCYQdY-00011-00002939-00003148 shall enjoy the right to a speedy and
+la_6giCYQdY-00012-00003149-00003388 public trial by an impartial jury of the
+la_6giCYQdY-00013-00003389-00003565 state and district wherein the crime
+la_6giCYQdY-00014-00003565-00003742 shall have been committed which district
+la_6giCYQdY-00015-00003743-00003915 shall have been previously ascertained
+la_6giCYQdY-00016-00003917-00004084 by law and to be informed of the nature
+la_6giCYQdY-00017-00004085-00004291 and cause of the accusation to be
+la_6giCYQdY-00018-00004292-00004456 confronted with the witnesses against
+la_6giCYQdY-00019-00004457-00004650 him to have compulsory process for
+la_6giCYQdY-00020-00004651-00004852 obtaining witnesses in his favor and to
+la_6giCYQdY-00021-00004853-00005011 have the assistance of counsel for his
+la_6giCYQdY-00022-00005012-00005579 defense
+la_6giCYQdY-00023-00005580-00006115 topic right secured
+la_6giCYQdY-00024-00006116-00006454 you
+la_6giCYQdY-00025-00006455-00006978 topic speedy trial
+la_6giCYQdY-00026-00006979-00007195 criminal defendants have the right to a
+la_6giCYQdY-00027-00007195-00007659 speedy trial in Barker V Wingo 407 US v
+la_6giCYQdY-00028-00007660-00007995 14 1972 the Supreme Court laid down a
+la_6giCYQdY-00029-00007996-00008230 four-part case-by-case balancing test
+la_6giCYQdY-00030-00008231-00008398 for determining whether the defendant
+la_6giCYQdY-00031-00008399-00008677 speedy trial right has been violated the
+la_6giCYQdY-00032-00008678-00009030 four factors are length of delay a delay
+la_6giCYQdY-00033-00009031-00009187 of a year or more from the date on which
+la_6giCYQdY-00034-00009188-00009523 the speedy trial right attaches the date
+la_6giCYQdY-00035-00009524-00009744 of arrest or indictment whichever first
+la_6giCYQdY-00036-00009745-00009952 occurs was termed presumptively
+la_6giCYQdY-00037-00009953-00010188 prejudicial but the court has never
+la_6giCYQdY-00038-00010189-00010422 explicitly ruled that any absolute time
+la_6giCYQdY-00039-00010423-00010735 limit applies reason for the delay
+la_6giCYQdY-00040-00010736-00010933 the prosecution may not excessively
+la_6giCYQdY-00041-00010934-00011124 delay the trial for its own advantage
+la_6giCYQdY-00042-00011125-00011322 but a trial may be delayed to secure the
+la_6giCYQdY-00043-00011323-00011508 presence of an absent witness or other
+la_6giCYQdY-00044-00011509-00011785 practical considerations eg change of
+la_6giCYQdY-00045-00011786-00012066 venue time and manner in which the
+la_6giCYQdY-00046-00012067-00012285 defendant has asserted his right if a
+la_6giCYQdY-00047-00012286-00012469 defendant agrees to the delay when it
+la_6giCYQdY-00048-00012470-00012678 works to his own benefit he cannot later
+la_6giCYQdY-00049-00012679-00012902 claim that he has been unduly delayed
+la_6giCYQdY-00050-00012903-00013150 degree of prejudice to the defendant
+la_6giCYQdY-00051-00013151-00013394 which the delay has caused in Strunk V
+la_6giCYQdY-00052-00013395-00013944 United States 412 us 434 1973 the
+la_6giCYQdY-00053-00013945-00014100 Supreme Court ruled that if the
+la_6giCYQdY-00054-00014101-00014296 reviewing Court finds that a defendant's
+la_6giCYQdY-00055-00014297-00014497 right to a speedy trial was violated
+la_6giCYQdY-00056-00014497-00014671 then the indictment must be dismissed
+la_6giCYQdY-00057-00014672-00014925 and/or the conviction overturned the
+la_6giCYQdY-00058-00014926-00015109 court held that since the delayed trial
+la_6giCYQdY-00059-00015110-00015303 as the state action which violates the
+la_6giCYQdY-00060-00015304-00015493 defendants rights no other remedy would
+la_6giCYQdY-00061-00015494-00015574 be appropriate
+la_6giCYQdY-00062-00015575-00015841 thus a reversal or dismissal of a
+la_6giCYQdY-00063-00015841-00016056 criminal case on speedy trial grounds
+la_6giCYQdY-00064-00016057-00016258 means that no further prosecution for
+la_6giCYQdY-00065-00016259-00016903 the alleged offense can take place
+la_6giCYQdY-00066-00016904-00017411 topic public trial
+la_6giCYQdY-00067-00017412-00018025 in sheppard v maxwell 384 us 333 1966
+la_6giCYQdY-00068-00018026-00018194 the supreme court ruled that the right
+la_6giCYQdY-00069-00018195-00018442 to a public trial is not absolute in
+la_6giCYQdY-00070-00018443-00018710 cases where excess publicity would serve
+la_6giCYQdY-00071-00018711-00018866 to undermine the defendant's right to
+la_6giCYQdY-00072-00018867-00019097 due process limitations can be put on
+la_6giCYQdY-00073-00019098-00019305 public access to the proceedings
+la_6giCYQdY-00074-00019306-00019561 according to press Enterprise Co V
+la_6giCYQdY-00075-00019562-00020090 Superior Court 478 u.s. 119 86 trials
+la_6giCYQdY-00076-00020091-00020230 can be closed at the behest of the
+la_6giCYQdY-00077-00020231-00020425 government if there s an overriding
+la_6giCYQdY-00078-00020426-00020656 interest based on findings that closure
+la_6giCYQdY-00079-00020657-00020894 is essential to preserve higher values
+la_6giCYQdY-00080-00020895-00021086 and is narrowly tailored to serve that
+la_6giCYQdY-00081-00021087-00021422 interest the accused may also request a
+la_6giCYQdY-00082-00021423-00021625 closure of the trial though it must be
+la_6giCYQdY-00083-00021626-00021781 demonstrated that first there is a
+la_6giCYQdY-00084-00021782-00021958 substantial probability that the
+la_6giCYQdY-00085-00021959-00022156 defendants right to a fair trial will be
+la_6giCYQdY-00086-00022157-00022343 prejudiced by publicity that closure
+la_6giCYQdY-00087-00022344-00022538 would prevent and second reasonable
+la_6giCYQdY-00088-00022539-00022708 alternatives to closure cannot
+la_6giCYQdY-00089-00022709-00022897 adequately protect the defendants right
+la_6giCYQdY-00090-00022898-00023467 to a fair trial
+la_6giCYQdY-00091-00023468-00024005 topic impartial jury
+la_6giCYQdY-00092-00024006-00024236 the right to a jury has always depended
+la_6giCYQdY-00093-00024237-00024422 on the nature of the offense with which
+la_6giCYQdY-00094-00024423-00024710 the defendant is charged petty offenses
+la_6giCYQdY-00095-00024711-00024962 those punishable by imprisonment for no
+la_6giCYQdY-00096-00024963-00025184 more than six months are not covered by
+la_6giCYQdY-00097-00025185-00025444 the jury requirement even wear multiple
+la_6giCYQdY-00098-00025445-00025690 petty offenses are concerned the total
+la_6giCYQdY-00099-00025691-00025897 time of imprisonment possibly exceeding
+la_6giCYQdY-00100-00025898-00026099 six months the right to a jury trial
+la_6giCYQdY-00101-00026100-00026432 does not exist also in the United States
+la_6giCYQdY-00102-00026433-00026660 except for serious offenses such as
+la_6giCYQdY-00103-00026661-00026870 murder minors are usually tried in a
+la_6giCYQdY-00104-00026870-00027035 juvenile court which lessens the
+la_6giCYQdY-00105-00027036-00027239 sentence aloud but forfeits the right to
+la_6giCYQdY-00106-00027239-00027569 a jury originally the Supreme Court held
+la_6giCYQdY-00107-00027570-00027761 that the Sixth Amendment right to a jury
+la_6giCYQdY-00108-00027762-00028039 trial indicated a right to a trial by
+la_6giCYQdY-00109-00028041-00028307 jury as understood and applied at common
+la_6giCYQdY-00110-00028308-00028514 law and includes all the essential
+la_6giCYQdY-00111-00028514-00028712 elements as they were recognized in this
+la_6giCYQdY-00112-00028713-00028955 country in England when the Constitution
+la_6giCYQdY-00113-00028956-00029089 was adopted
+la_6giCYQdY-00114-00029089-00029342 therefore it was held that juries had to
+la_6giCYQdY-00115-00029343-00029527 be composed of twelve persons and that
+la_6giCYQdY-00116-00029529-00029717 verdicts had to be unanimous as was
+la_6giCYQdY-00117-00029718-00030046 customary in England when under the 14th
+la_6giCYQdY-00118-00030047-00030260 amendment the Supreme Court extended the
+la_6giCYQdY-00119-00030261-00030470 right to a trial by jury to defendants
+la_6giCYQdY-00120-00030470-00030670 in state courts it reacts Amin's some of
+la_6giCYQdY-00121-00030672-00030905 the standards it has been held that
+la_6giCYQdY-00122-00030906-00031073 twelve came to be the number of jurors
+la_6giCYQdY-00123-00031074-00031385 by historical accident and that a jury
+la_6giCYQdY-00124-00031386-00031592 of six would be sufficient but anything
+la_6giCYQdY-00125-00031593-00031760 less would deprive the defendant of a
+la_6giCYQdY-00126-00031761-00032014 right to trial by jury the sixth
+la_6giCYQdY-00127-00032016-00032210 amendment mandates unanimity in a
+la_6giCYQdY-00128-00032211-00032464 federal jury trial however the Supreme
+la_6giCYQdY-00129-00032466-00032612 Court has ruled that the Due Process
+la_6giCYQdY-00130-00032613-00032849 Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment while
+la_6giCYQdY-00131-00032850-00033080 requiring States to provide jury trials
+la_6giCYQdY-00132-00033081-00033265 for serious crimes does not incorporate
+la_6giCYQdY-00133-00033266-00033490 all the elements of a jury trial within
+la_6giCYQdY-00134-00033491-00033635 the meaning of the sixth amendment
+la_6giCYQdY-00135-00033636-00033911 thus states are not mandated to require
+la_6giCYQdY-00136-00033912-00034154 jury unanimity unless the jury has only
+la_6giCYQdY-00137-00034155-00034685 six members
+la_6giCYQdY-00138-00034686-00035198 topic impartiality
+la_6giCYQdY-00139-00035199-00035449 the sixth amendment requires juries to
+la_6giCYQdY-00140-00035450-00035690 be impartial impartiality has been
+la_6giCYQdY-00141-00035691-00035885 interpreted as requiring individual
+la_6giCYQdY-00142-00035886-00036158 jurors to be unbiased at voir dear each
+la_6giCYQdY-00143-00036159-00036383 side may question potential jurors to
+la_6giCYQdY-00144-00036384-00036593 determine any bias and challenge them if
+la_6giCYQdY-00145-00036594-00036779 the same is found the court determines
+la_6giCYQdY-00146-00036780-00036943 the validity of these challenges for
+la_6giCYQdY-00147-00036944-00037211 cause defendants may not challenge a
+la_6giCYQdY-00148-00037212-00037390 conviction because a challenge for cause
+la_6giCYQdY-00149-00037391-00037580 was denied incorrectly if they had the
+la_6giCYQdY-00150-00037581-00037796 opportunity to use peremptory challenges
+la_6giCYQdY-00151-00037797-00038233 in pain you Rodriguez V Colorado 2017
+la_6giCYQdY-00152-00038234-00038435 the Supreme Court ruled that the sixth
+la_6giCYQdY-00153-00038436-00038615 amendment requires a court in a criminal
+la_6giCYQdY-00154-00038616-00038827 trial to investigate whether a jury's
+la_6giCYQdY-00155-00038828-00039037 guilty verdict was based on racial bias
+la_6giCYQdY-00156-00039038-00039277 for a guilty verdict to be set aside
+la_6giCYQdY-00157-00039278-00039518 based on the racial bias of a juror the
+la_6giCYQdY-00158-00039519-00039686 defendant must prove that the racial
+la_6giCYQdY-00159-00039687-00039935 bias was a significant motivating factor
+la_6giCYQdY-00160-00039936-00040534 in the jurors vote to convict
+la_6giCYQdY-00161-00040535-00041054 topic venire of juries
+la_6giCYQdY-00162-00041055-00041258 another factor in determining the
+la_6giCYQdY-00163-00041259-00041477 impartiality of the jury as the nature
+la_6giCYQdY-00164-00041478-00041662 of the panel or veneer from which the
+la_6giCYQdY-00165-00041663-00041902 jurors are selected veneers must
+la_6giCYQdY-00166-00041903-00042092 represent a fair cross-section of the
+la_6giCYQdY-00167-00042093-00042254 community the defendant might establish
+la_6giCYQdY-00168-00042255-00042476 that the requirement was violated by
+la_6giCYQdY-00169-00042477-00042646 showing that the allegedly excluded
+la_6giCYQdY-00170-00042647-00042905 group is a distinctive one in the
+la_6giCYQdY-00171-00042906-00043087 community that the representation of
+la_6giCYQdY-00172-00043088-00043301 such a group in veneers is unreasonable
+la_6giCYQdY-00173-00043302-00043486 and unfair in regard to the number of
+la_6giCYQdY-00174-00043487-00043687 persons belonging to such a group and
+la_6giCYQdY-00175-00043688-00043868 that the under-representation is caused
+la_6giCYQdY-00176-00043869-00044057 by a systematic exclusion in the
+la_6giCYQdY-00177-00044058-00044357 selection process thus in Taylor v
+la_6giCYQdY-00178-00044358-00044936 Louisiana 419 u.s. v 22 1975 the Supreme
+la_6giCYQdY-00179-00044937-00045115 Court invalidated a state law that
+la_6giCYQdY-00180-00045116-00045289 exempted women who had not made a
+la_6giCYQdY-00181-00045290-00045485 declaration of willingness to serve from
+la_6giCYQdY-00182-00045486-00045662 jury service while not doing the same
+la_6giCYQdY-00183-00045663-00046167 for men
+la_6giCYQdY-00184-00046168-00046635 topic sentencing
+la_6giCYQdY-00185-00046636-00047199 in Apprendi V New Jersey 530 u.s. 466 mm
+la_6giCYQdY-00186-00047200-00047687 and Blakely V Washington 542 u.s. 296
+la_6giCYQdY-00187-00047688-00047942 2004 the Supreme Court ruled that a
+la_6giCYQdY-00188-00047943-00048146 criminal defendant has a right to a jury
+la_6giCYQdY-00189-00048147-00048351 trial not only on the question of guilt
+la_6giCYQdY-00190-00048352-00048587 or innocence but also regarding any fact
+la_6giCYQdY-00191-00048588-00048740 used to increase the defendant's
+la_6giCYQdY-00192-00048741-00048911 sentence beyond the maximum otherwise
+la_6giCYQdY-00193-00048912-00049101 allowed by statutes or sentencing
+la_6giCYQdY-00194-00049102-00049607 guidelines in Allen v United States 11 -
+la_6giCYQdY-00195-00049608-00049983 9335 2013 the court expanded on Apprendi
+la_6giCYQdY-00196-00049984-00050183 and Blakely by ruling that a defendant's
+la_6giCYQdY-00197-00050184-00050399 right to a jury applies to any fact that
+la_6giCYQdY-00198-00050400-00050561 would increase a defendant's sentence
+la_6giCYQdY-00199-00050562-00050754 beyond the minimum otherwise required by
+la_6giCYQdY-00200-00050755-00051296 statute
+la_6giCYQdY-00201-00051297-00051778 topic vicinage
+la_6giCYQdY-00202-00051779-00052044 article 3 section 2 of the Constitution
+la_6giCYQdY-00203-00052045-00052324 requires defendants be tried by juries
+la_6giCYQdY-00204-00052325-00052486 and in the state in which the crime was
+la_6giCYQdY-00205-00052487-00052714 committed the sixth amendment requires
+la_6giCYQdY-00206-00052715-00052929 the jury to be selected from judicial
+la_6giCYQdY-00207-00052930-00053160 districts ascertained by statute in
+la_6giCYQdY-00208-00053161-00053737 beavers V Henkel 194 u.s. 73 1904 the
+la_6giCYQdY-00209-00053738-00053926 Supreme Court ruled that the place where
+la_6giCYQdY-00210-00053927-00054085 the offense is charged to have occurred
+la_6giCYQdY-00211-00054086-00054342 determines a trials location where
+la_6giCYQdY-00212-00054344-00054511 multiple districts are alleged to have
+la_6giCYQdY-00213-00054512-00054715 been locations of the crime any of them
+la_6giCYQdY-00214-00054716-00055000 may be chosen for the trial in cases of
+la_6giCYQdY-00215-00055001-00055207 offenses not committed in any state for
+la_6giCYQdY-00216-00055208-00055438 example offenses committed at sea the
+la_6giCYQdY-00217-00055439-00055617 place of trial may be determined by the
+la_6giCYQdY-00218-00055619-00056159 Congress
+la_6giCYQdY-00219-00056160-00056712 topic notice of accusation
+la_6giCYQdY-00220-00056713-00056953 a criminal defendant has the right to be
+la_6giCYQdY-00221-00056954-00057121 informed of the nature and cause of the
+la_6giCYQdY-00222-00057122-00057387 accusation against him therefore an
+la_6giCYQdY-00223-00057388-00057534 indictment must allege all the
+la_6giCYQdY-00224-00057535-00057691 ingredients of the crime to such a
+la_6giCYQdY-00225-00057691-00057853 degree of precision that it would allow
+la_6giCYQdY-00226-00057854-00058066 the accused to assert double jeopardy if
+la_6giCYQdY-00227-00058066-00058212 the same charges are brought up in
+la_6giCYQdY-00228-00058213-00058512 subsequent prosecution the Supreme Court
+la_6giCYQdY-00229-00058513-00058875 held in United States v Karl 105 u.s.
+la_6giCYQdY-00230-00058876-00059350 611 1881 that in an indictment
+la_6giCYQdY-00231-00059351-00059578 it is not sufficient to set forth the
+la_6giCYQdY-00232-00059579-00059713 offense in the words of the statute
+la_6giCYQdY-00233-00059714-00059979 unless those words of themselves fully
+la_6giCYQdY-00234-00059980-00060229 directly and expressly without any
+la_6giCYQdY-00235-00060229-00060508 uncertainty or ambiguity set forth all
+la_6giCYQdY-00236-00060509-00060745 the elements necessary to constitute the
+la_6giCYQdY-00237-00060746-00061039 offense intended to be punished vague
+la_6giCYQdY-00238-00061040-00061246 wording even if taken directly from a
+la_6giCYQdY-00239-00061247-00061549 statute does not suffice however the
+la_6giCYQdY-00240-00061550-00061720 government is not required to hand over
+la_6giCYQdY-00241-00061721-00061921 written copies of the indictment free of
+la_6giCYQdY-00242-00061922-00062451 charge
+la_6giCYQdY-00243-00062452-00062962 topic confrontation
+la_6giCYQdY-00244-00062963-00063211 the confrontation Clause relates to the
+la_6giCYQdY-00245-00063212-00063415 common law rule preventing the admission
+la_6giCYQdY-00246-00063416-00063492 of hearsay
+la_6giCYQdY-00247-00063494-00063675 that is to say testimony by one
+la_6giCYQdY-00248-00063676-00063825 witnesses to the statements and
+la_6giCYQdY-00249-00063826-00064029 observations of another person to prove
+la_6giCYQdY-00250-00064030-00064198 that the statement or observation was
+la_6giCYQdY-00251-00064199-00064437 accurate the rationale was that the
+la_6giCYQdY-00252-00064438-00064597 defendant had no opportunity to
+la_6giCYQdY-00253-00064598-00064765 challenge the credibility of and
+la_6giCYQdY-00254-00064766-00064941 cross-examine the person making the
+la_6giCYQdY-00255-00064942-00065199 statements certain exceptions to the
+la_6giCYQdY-00256-00065200-00065376 hearsay rule have been permitted for
+la_6giCYQdY-00257-00065377-00065580 instance admissions by the defendant are
+la_6giCYQdY-00258-00065581-00065793 admissible as our dying declarations
+la_6giCYQdY-00259-00065794-00066247 nevertheless in California v green 399
+la_6giCYQdY-00260-00066248-00066634 u.s. 149 1970 the Supreme Court has held
+la_6giCYQdY-00261-00066635-00066831 that the hearsay rule is not the same as
+la_6giCYQdY-00262-00066832-00067096 the confrontation clause hearsay is
+la_6giCYQdY-00263-00067097-00067303 admissible under certain circumstances
+la_6giCYQdY-00264-00067304-00067662 for example in Bruton V United States
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+la_6giCYQdY-00277-00070519-00070840 36 2004 the Supreme Court increased the
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+la_6giCYQdY-00289-00073636-00074074 melendez-diaz V Massachusetts 557 us
+la_6giCYQdY-00290-00074075-00074343 underscore underscore underscore 2009
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+la_6giCYQdY-00292-00074792-00075057 underscore underscore underscore 2011
+la_6giCYQdY-00293-00075058-00075237 the court ruled that admitting a lab
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+la_6giCYQdY-00297-00075923-00076286 Bryant 562 us underscore under
+la_6giCYQdY-00298-00076287-00076514 or underscore 2011 the court ruled that
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+la_6giCYQdY-00304-00077777-00077972 in ongoing emergency
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+la_6giCYQdY-00307-00078387-00078563 Clause would not require the person
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+la_6giCYQdY-00310-00078912-00079115 into evidence the right to confront and
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+la_6giCYQdY-00321-00081805-00082369 topic compulsory process
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+la_6giCYQdY-00335-00085583-00086139 topic assistance of counsel
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+la_6giCYQdY-00339-00087169-00087411 Supreme Court ruled that in a capital
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+la_6giCYQdY-00348-00089575-00089760 Court ruled that in all federal cases
+la_6giCYQdY-00349-00089761-00089955 counsel would have to be appointed for
+la_6giCYQdY-00350-00089956-00090108 defendants who were too poor to hire
+la_6giCYQdY-00351-00090109-00090510 their own in 1961 the Court extended the
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+la_6giCYQdY-00354-00090964-00091545 Alabama 368 us 52 1961 that counsel had
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+la_6giCYQdY-00357-00091933-00092145 requested even if there was no ignorance
+la_6giCYQdY-00358-00092146-00092480 feeble mindedness illiteracy or the like
+la_6giCYQdY-00359-00092481-00093108 Gideon V Wainwright 372 us 335 1963
+la_6giCYQdY-00360-00093109-00093309 ruled that counsel must be provided to
+la_6giCYQdY-00361-00093310-00093519 indigent defendants in all felony cases
+la_6giCYQdY-00362-00093520-00094070 overruling Betts V Brady 316 u.s. 455
+la_6giCYQdY-00363-00094071-00094353 1942 in which the court ruled that state
+la_6giCYQdY-00364-00094354-00094551 courts had to appoint counsel only when
+la_6giCYQdY-00365-00094552-00094761 the defendant demonstrated special
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+la_6giCYQdY-00367-00095005-00095351 of counsel under Argersinger V Hamlin
+la_6giCYQdY-00368-00095352-00095781 407 u.s. 25 1972 counsel must be
+la_6giCYQdY-00369-00095782-00095964 appointed in any case resulting in a
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+la_6giCYQdY-00373-00096553-00097176 Scott v Illinois 440 u.s. 367 1979 ruled
+la_6giCYQdY-00374-00097177-00097320 that counsel did not need to be
+la_6giCYQdY-00375-00097321-00097743 appointed but in Alabama V Shelton 535
+la_6giCYQdY-00376-00097744-00098088 u.s. 654 2002 the court held that a
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+la_6giCYQdY-00380-00098674-00099153 as stated in Brewer V Williams 430 u.s.
+la_6giCYQdY-00381-00099154-00099531 387 1977 the right to counsel
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+la_6giCYQdY-00398-00103524-00104067 topic self-representation
+la_6giCYQdY-00399-00104068-00104277 a criminal defendant may represent
+la_6giCYQdY-00400-00104278-00104445 himself unless a court deems the
+la_6giCYQdY-00401-00104446-00104619 defendant to be incompetent to waive the
+la_6giCYQdY-00402-00104620-00105008 right to counsel in faretta V California
+la_6giCYQdY-00403-00105008-00105465 422 us 806 1975 the Supreme Court
+la_6giCYQdY-00404-00105466-00105683 recognized a defendant's right to pro se
+la_6giCYQdY-00405-00105684-00105780 representation
+la_6giCYQdY-00406-00105781-00106343 however under gudinas V Moran 509 us 389
+la_6giCYQdY-00407-00106344-00106617 1993 a court that believes the defendant
+la_6giCYQdY-00408-00106618-00106770 is less than fully competent to
+la_6giCYQdY-00409-00106771-00106941 represent himself can require that
+la_6giCYQdY-00410-00106942-00107118 defendant to be represented by counsel
+la_6giCYQdY-00411-00107119-00107448 in Martinez V Court of Appeal of
+la_6giCYQdY-00412-00107449-00107895 California 528 us 152 2000 the Supreme
+la_6giCYQdY-00413-00107896-00108066 Court ruled the right to pro se
+la_6giCYQdY-00414-00108067-00108243 representation did not apply to
+la_6giCYQdY-00415-00108244-00108623 appellate courts in Indiana V Edwards
+la_6giCYQdY-00416-00108624-00109083 554 u.s. 164 2008 the court ruled that a
+la_6giCYQdY-00417-00109083-00109200 criminal defendant could be
+la_6giCYQdY-00418-00109201-00109425 simultaneously competent to stand trial
+la_6giCYQdY-00419-00109426-00109632 but not competent to represent himself
+la_6giCYQdY-00420-00109633-00110258 in bounds V Smith 430 u.s. 817 1977 the
+la_6giCYQdY-00421-00110259-00110384 Supreme Court held that the
+la_6giCYQdY-00422-00110385-00110585 constitutional right of meaningful
+la_6giCYQdY-00423-00110586-00110909 access to the courts can be satisfied by
+la_6giCYQdY-00424-00110910-00111122 counsel or access to legal materials
+la_6giCYQdY-00425-00111123-00111381 bounds has been interpreted by several
+la_6giCYQdY-00426-00111382-00111584 United States courts of appeals to mean
+la_6giCYQdY-00427-00111585-00111747 a pro se defendant does not have a
+la_6giCYQdY-00428-00111748-00111939 constitutional right to access a Prison
+la_6giCYQdY-00429-00111940-00112184 Law Library to research his defense when
+la_6giCYQdY-00430-00112185-00112380 access to the courts has been provided
+la_6giCYQdY-00431-00112381-00113003 through appointed counsel
+la_6giCYQdY-00432-00113004-00113535 topic see also
+la_6giCYQdY-00433-00113536-00113881 trial in absentia United States
+la_6giCYQdY-00434-00113882-00114241 constitutional Criminal Procedure
+lb1R30FJhgY-00000-00000000-00000009 you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00001-00000010-00000254 [Music]
+lb1R30FJhgY-00002-00000256-00000729 live from Las Vegas it's the cube
+lb1R30FJhgY-00003-00000730-00001018 covered Oracle modern customer
+lb1R30FJhgY-00004-00001019-00001210 experience 2017
+lb1R30FJhgY-00005-00001211-00001870 brought to you by Oracle and welcome
+lb1R30FJhgY-00006-00001871-00002053 back and we are here live in Las Vegas
+lb1R30FJhgY-00007-00002054-00002254 demand Abbott Mandalay Bay Convention
+lb1R30FJhgY-00008-00002255-00002500 Center for Oracle's modern CX modern
+lb1R30FJhgY-00009-00002501-00002704 customer experience event part of Oracle
+lb1R30FJhgY-00010-00002705-00002905 marketing cloud I'm John far with Silk'n
+lb1R30FJhgY-00011-00002906-00003121 angle my coach Peter Burris head of
+lb1R30FJhgY-00012-00003122-00003274 research at Wiki bond comm our next
+lb1R30FJhgY-00013-00003275-00003436 guest is Adrian Chang director of
+lb1R30FJhgY-00014-00003436-00003613 customer programs at Oracle marketing
+lb1R30FJhgY-00015-00003614-00003886 cloud also emcee of the marquees and big
+lb1R30FJhgY-00016-00003886-00004084 part of that program congratulations on
+lb1R30FJhgY-00017-00004085-00004246 the success of the Marquis Awards which
+lb1R30FJhgY-00018-00004247-00004390 were giving out last night read your
+lb1R30FJhgY-00019-00004391-00004581 blog posts on site this morning thank
+lb1R30FJhgY-00020-00004582-00004714 great to see you again welcome back to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00021-00004715-00004891 the cube thank you for having me always
+lb1R30FJhgY-00022-00004892-00005080 great to be here and I love modern
+lb1R30FJhgY-00023-00005081-00005247 customer experience and that marketing
+lb1R30FJhgY-00024-00005248-00005410 is a part of it it's really been a great
+lb1R30FJhgY-00025-00005411-00005524 transformation this year the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00026-00005525-00005734 simplification of just narrowing it down
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+lb1R30FJhgY-00028-00005953-00006204 customer experience which encapsulate
+lb1R30FJhgY-00029-00006205-00006438 Sal OTT of stuff quickly review what
+lb1R30FJhgY-00030-00006439-00006592 that is and then let's saw what the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00031-00006593-00006919 Marquis absolutely so you know when I
+lb1R30FJhgY-00032-00006920-00007183 I'll start with the Marquis and so we
+lb1R30FJhgY-00033-00007184-00007389 have a history of celebrating excellence
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+lb1R30FJhgY-00035-00007742-00008094 program has grown tremendously over the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00036-00008095-00008385 past 11 years when I look at the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00037-00008386-00008538 submissions their customers that are
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+lb1R30FJhgY-00039-00008893-00009112 retention and they read these stories
+lb1R30FJhgY-00040-00009113-00009309 all the time and spend weeks preparing
+lb1R30FJhgY-00041-00009310-00009570 the submissions so this event is all
+lb1R30FJhgY-00042-00009571-00009870 about how can we share our intent to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00043-00009871-00009996 help our customers have a good
+lb1R30FJhgY-00044-00009997-00010212 experience as part of Oracle and then
+lb1R30FJhgY-00045-00010213-00010398 how can we help them delight their
+lb1R30FJhgY-00046-00010399-00010626 customers and deliver experiences and
+lb1R30FJhgY-00047-00010627-00010809 create value at every at every
+lb1R30FJhgY-00048-00010810-00010878 touchpoint
+lb1R30FJhgY-00049-00010879-00011062 one of things I really like about the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00050-00011063-00011262 change in the name from modern marketing
+lb1R30FJhgY-00051-00011263-00011458 experience modern customer experience is
+lb1R30FJhgY-00052-00011459-00011880 you move from the process the function
+lb1R30FJhgY-00053-00011881-00012174 to the outcome and the result so how are
+lb1R30FJhgY-00054-00012175-00012411 the Marquis reflecting that
+lb1R30FJhgY-00055-00012412-00012649 absolutely so if you think about where
+lb1R30FJhgY-00056-00012650-00012822 we started so again it was six
+lb1R30FJhgY-00057-00012824-00013186 categories celebrating excellence in b2b
+lb1R30FJhgY-00058-00013187-00013477 marketing in reaching folks behind a
+lb1R30FJhgY-00059-00013478-00013837 single device their laptop computer so
+lb1R30FJhgY-00060-00013838-00014299 cut to 2017 you know the customers
+lb1R30FJhgY-00061-00014300-00014506 preferences their activities are fluid
+lb1R30FJhgY-00062-00014507-00014713 so great marketing requires you to use a
+lb1R30FJhgY-00063-00014713-00014881 series of channels to reach them
+lb1R30FJhgY-00064-00014882-00015109 everywhere and so marketers have to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00065-00015110-00015418 balance brand with action and then also
+lb1R30FJhgY-00066-00015419-00015661 deliver on intent so the markets have
+lb1R30FJhgY-00067-00015662-00016003 had to evolve to think about the habits
+lb1R30FJhgY-00068-00016004-00016228 so the account based marketing team of
+lb1R30FJhgY-00069-00016229-00016420 the year was a new award that we gave
+lb1R30FJhgY-00070-00016421-00016618 out that really represented the intent
+lb1R30FJhgY-00071-00016619-00016834 are people actually doing this we did
+lb1R30FJhgY-00072-00016835-00017041 tons of great stories so we have to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00073-00017042-00017188 balance a bit of the usage of the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00074-00017189-00017416 product and the technology and embracing
+lb1R30FJhgY-00075-00017417-00017557 the new strategies and what's current
+lb1R30FJhgY-00076-00017558-00017848 within the marketplace so the future of
+lb1R30FJhgY-00077-00017849-00018121 marketing as it goes into data that's
+lb1R30FJhgY-00078-00018122-00018334 been the theme here all of our
+lb1R30FJhgY-00079-00018335-00018517 interviews day one and certainly the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00080-00018518-00018682 keynotes even mark her he was giving a
+lb1R30FJhgY-00081-00018683-00018949 great specific example now data is at
+lb1R30FJhgY-00082-00018950-00019153 the heart of it adaptive intelligence is
+lb1R30FJhgY-00083-00019154-00019378 the theme you can see the dots are
+lb1R30FJhgY-00084-00019379-00019582 connecting the the convergence of with
+lb1R30FJhgY-00085-00019583-00019867 Marquis or showing traction are some
+lb1R30FJhgY-00086-00019868-00020043 pretty interesting use cases any
+lb1R30FJhgY-00087-00020044-00020281 notables you'd like to share that kind
+lb1R30FJhgY-00088-00020282-00020491 of highlight that data piece absolutely
+lb1R30FJhgY-00089-00020492-00020854 so our winner for best email campaign
+lb1R30FJhgY-00090-00020855-00021187 was from Jetstar and you know they're an
+lb1R30FJhgY-00091-00021188-00021427 airline in Australia what's great is
+lb1R30FJhgY-00092-00021428-00021787 they have been able to find ways to you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00093-00021788-00021955 so when you get an email about travel
+lb1R30FJhgY-00094-00021956-00022078 sometimes you book it at one particular
+lb1R30FJhgY-00095-00022079-00022347 point and your preferences in your
+lb1R30FJhgY-00096-00022348-00022537 relationship with that airliner may
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+lb1R30FJhgY-00099-00022987-00023254 optimize the information at the time of
+lb1R30FJhgY-00100-00023255-00023596 send sending the weather in curing you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00101-00023597-00023794 to maybe upsell and look at other
+lb1R30FJhgY-00102-00023795-00023953 opportunities to have a pleasant
+lb1R30FJhgY-00103-00023954-00024304 experience that's amazing so Laura Ibsen
+lb1R30FJhgY-00104-00024305-00024664 spent some time talking about how we at
+lb1R30FJhgY-00105-00024665-00024886 Oracle are looking to evolve preferences
+lb1R30FJhgY-00106-00024887-00025183 so going from one to many to one to one
+lb1R30FJhgY-00107-00025184-00025569 and the hallmark which is one to you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00108-00025570-00025794 and I think the Jetstar campaign they
+lb1R30FJhgY-00109-00025795-00025981 use Oracle response is the perfect
+lb1R30FJhgY-00110-00025982-00026218 example of that the first award that we
+lb1R30FJhgY-00111-00026219-00026386 gave out was to Co Vance for account
+lb1R30FJhgY-00112-00026387-00026624 based team of the year and by doing
+lb1R30FJhgY-00113-00026625-00026796 setting up an account based marketing
+lb1R30FJhgY-00114-00026797-00027112 strategy putting it in place getting all
+lb1R30FJhgY-00115-00027113-00027286 the stakeholders in sales in place
+lb1R30FJhgY-00116-00027287-00027505 getting the discipline on the content
+lb1R30FJhgY-00117-00027506-00027664 they were able to increase their
+lb1R30FJhgY-00118-00027664-00028036 engagement with key accounts by a you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00119-00028037-00028243 know a significant margin and they were
+lb1R30FJhgY-00120-00028244-00028468 delighted to be among those and our
+lb1R30FJhgY-00121-00028469-00028657 partners to celebrate it at achievement
+lb1R30FJhgY-00122-00028658-00028845 Adrian I want you to talk about for the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00123-00028847-00028977 folks that are watching who aren't here
+lb1R30FJhgY-00124-00028978-00029139 the buzz in the hallways because the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00125-00029141-00029293 hallways is always a good conversation
+lb1R30FJhgY-00126-00029294-00029401 certainly at the lunch table as well
+lb1R30FJhgY-00127-00029402-00029542 I'll include that technically as the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00128-00029543-00029721 hallway but people are sitting do have
+lb1R30FJhgY-00129-00029722-00029940 AI has been a front and center but it's
+lb1R30FJhgY-00130-00029941-00030304 not being painted over whitewashed oai
+lb1R30FJhgY-00131-00030305-00030439 it's hot so let's jump on the bandwagon
+lb1R30FJhgY-00132-00030439-00030714 there's some real tech involved what has
+lb1R30FJhgY-00133-00030716-00030910 been the reaction from customers and use
+lb1R30FJhgY-00134-00030911-00031186 cases that you hear and always customers
+lb1R30FJhgY-00135-00031187-00031515 are excited about it I think I for a lot
+lb1R30FJhgY-00136-00031516-00031677 of our customers had the opportunity to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00137-00031678-00031920 hear mark heard talk about it where he
+lb1R30FJhgY-00138-00031922-00032133 embraced it and said if you think about
+lb1R30FJhgY-00139-00032134-00032605 AI at the core it's computing done real
+lb1R30FJhgY-00140-00032606-00032877 fast to help people make really rich
+lb1R30FJhgY-00141-00032878-00033193 decisions about what to do next and so I
+lb1R30FJhgY-00142-00033194-00033454 think our customers are still grappling
+lb1R30FJhgY-00143-00033455-00033724 with all the technology and how to get
+lb1R30FJhgY-00144-00033725-00033961 value out of their core platforms how
+lb1R30FJhgY-00145-00033962-00034146 they deliver on their initial objective
+lb1R30FJhgY-00146-00034147-00034435 and then we have a subset of our most
+lb1R30FJhgY-00147-00034436-00034804 mature most excited who are starting to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00148-00034805-00034993 put those data blocks together and start
+lb1R30FJhgY-00149-00034994-00035152 getting more predictive and allow the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00150-00035153-00035389 machine to do the work for you but in
+lb1R30FJhgY-00151-00035390-00035643 order for you to have to even think
+lb1R30FJhgY-00152-00035644-00035860 about it you've got to have great you've
+lb1R30FJhgY-00153-00035861-00036033 got to fill the cup with great data and
+lb1R30FJhgY-00154-00036034-00036223 I think people are still getting there
+lb1R30FJhgY-00155-00036224-00036514 so that the machine isn't biased and you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00156-00036515-00036727 don't make the wrong decision about how
+lb1R30FJhgY-00157-00036728-00036886 to treat your customers so just some
+lb1R30FJhgY-00158-00036887-00037045 notable trending tweets I want to just
+lb1R30FJhgY-00159-00037046-00037183 share with you and again get your
+lb1R30FJhgY-00160-00037184-00037308 reaction because this is speaking to the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00161-00037309-00037602 customer use case great one was from a
+lb1R30FJhgY-00162-00037603-00037804 partner Digitas on the panel mark
+lb1R30FJhgY-00163-00037805-00037962 kudamon wrote according to Digitas if
+lb1R30FJhgY-00164-00037963-00038164 you're not looking to use chat bots and
+lb1R30FJhgY-00165-00038165-00038333 AI you're going
+lb1R30FJhgY-00166-00038334-00038630 be out of business hashtag Mme 17 a
+lb1R30FJhgY-00167-00038631-00038825 little bit of a little legacy there and
+lb1R30FJhgY-00168-00038826-00039029 then hashtag modern CX and the other one
+lb1R30FJhgY-00169-00039030-00039254 is Netflix is a great example of a
+lb1R30FJhgY-00170-00039255-00039500 company creating content combined with
+lb1R30FJhgY-00171-00039501-00039782 powerful AI targeting programs a little
+lb1R30FJhgY-00172-00039783-00040090 bit of a sample of some of the things
+lb1R30FJhgY-00173-00040091-00040373 we're seeing chat box it's a new
+lb1R30FJhgY-00174-00040374-00040631 interface new way to use data Netflix
+lb1R30FJhgY-00175-00040632-00040837 content which modern marketers need
+lb1R30FJhgY-00176-00040838-00041153 content in this platform taking a
+lb1R30FJhgY-00177-00041154-00041405 Netflix approach so kind of begs the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00178-00041406-00041782 question chatbots Netflix kind of modern
+lb1R30FJhgY-00179-00041783-00042239 email old so how do you get a marketer
+lb1R30FJhgY-00180-00042240-00042404 who chicken you to use the reliability
+lb1R30FJhgY-00181-00042405-00042590 of hardened critical infrastructure like
+lb1R30FJhgY-00182-00042591-00042776 email he's not going away anytime soon
+lb1R30FJhgY-00183-00042777-00042996 but it's going to be one dimension of
+lb1R30FJhgY-00184-00042997-00043330 Netflix content marketing binge watching
+lb1R30FJhgY-00185-00043331-00043640 all this content out there Netflix and
+lb1R30FJhgY-00186-00043641-00043762 then chat BOTS for interface your
+lb1R30FJhgY-00187-00043763-00044105 thoughts so my thought is I am so I was
+lb1R30FJhgY-00188-00044106-00044282 in the room when I watched the chat bot
+lb1R30FJhgY-00189-00044283-00044621 piece and I loved the fact of the we
+lb1R30FJhgY-00190-00044622-00044726 could live in a world where you could
+lb1R30FJhgY-00191-00044727-00044885 have a fluid customer experience
+lb1R30FJhgY-00192-00044886-00045185 anywhere you can ask a question I also
+lb1R30FJhgY-00193-00045186-00045371 support our communities where you ask a
+lb1R30FJhgY-00194-00045372-00045584 question and no you're automatically
+lb1R30FJhgY-00195-00045585-00045779 going to get an answer to the algorithm
+lb1R30FJhgY-00196-00045780-00046052 so that delivers on that one to use
+lb1R30FJhgY-00197-00046053-00046294 scenario so I'm super excited about it
+lb1R30FJhgY-00198-00046295-00046586 what I look at the Netflix example even
+lb1R30FJhgY-00199-00046587-00046883 to get the information on what the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00200-00046884-00047117 recommendation engine should be you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00201-00047118-00047351 still need a lot of data and you'll need
+lb1R30FJhgY-00202-00047352-00047537 to know what are the habits of your
+lb1R30FJhgY-00203-00047538-00047780 customers to even land on that decision
+lb1R30FJhgY-00204-00047781-00048131 tree so I love the fact that folks are
+lb1R30FJhgY-00205-00048132-00048311 thinking Netflix I'm thinking content
+lb1R30FJhgY-00206-00048312-00048596 but that chatbot thing oh my goodness
+lb1R30FJhgY-00207-00048597-00048773 when people start doing that I can't
+lb1R30FJhgY-00208-00048774-00048917 wait to see those customers that windows
+lb1R30FJhgY-00209-00048918-00049162 marquees have to do it they have to do
+lb1R30FJhgY-00210-00049163-00049286 it right because one of the one of the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00211-00049287-00049487 great one of the one of the dangers of
+lb1R30FJhgY-00212-00049488-00049973 marketing all these faces is the the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00213-00049974-00050180 idea that it's all about collecting
+lb1R30FJhgY-00214-00050181-00050369 information giving having the customer
+lb1R30FJhgY-00215-00050370-00050570 gives something to me and not giving
+lb1R30FJhgY-00216-00050571-00050734 something valuable in return
+lb1R30FJhgY-00217-00050735-00050881 to live a a challenge that I see with
+lb1R30FJhgY-00218-00050882-00051049 chatbots and I think you agree John is
+lb1R30FJhgY-00219-00051050-00051400 our chatbots going to be used to further
+lb1R30FJhgY-00220-00051401-00051688 automate information collection at the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00221-00051689-00051970 expense of really presenting value the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00222-00051971-00052183 new marketing the modern customer
+lb1R30FJhgY-00223-00052184-00052377 experience has to be focus on are we
+lb1R30FJhgY-00224-00052378-00052530 delivering value to the customer at
+lb1R30FJhgY-00225-00052532-00052897 every single interaction not is the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00226-00052898-00053067 customer doing more for us inside
+lb1R30FJhgY-00227-00053069-00053227 marketing what do you think about that
+lb1R30FJhgY-00228-00053228-00053475 so I agree because if we do not know
+lb1R30FJhgY-00229-00053476-00053737 that we're creating value and art we're
+lb1R30FJhgY-00230-00053738-00054040 not that we're adding friction to the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00231-00054041-00054267 problem you pour that into your
+lb1R30FJhgY-00232-00054269-00054528 algorithm there's going to be bias and
+lb1R30FJhgY-00233-00054529-00054886 and so you can't make a decision about
+lb1R30FJhgY-00234-00054887-00055335 how to feed information into the machine
+lb1R30FJhgY-00235-00055336-00055716 and not have the right information that
+lb1R30FJhgY-00236-00055717-00055924 says we don't have the right region we
+lb1R30FJhgY-00237-00055925-00056107 don't understand the behavior across all
+lb1R30FJhgY-00238-00056108-00056344 products you can have bias in the model
+lb1R30FJhgY-00239-00056345-00056614 at all it has to be complete for you to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00240-00056615-00056794 then look at your customer base
+lb1R30FJhgY-00241-00056795-00057100 holistically yeah we don't want to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00242-00057101-00057376 better automate bad marketing absolutely
+lb1R30FJhgY-00243-00057377-00057571 we want to use these technologies to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00244-00057572-00058009 continuously drive - to use a famous
+lb1R30FJhgY-00245-00058010-00058339 persons parlance a more perfect union
+lb1R30FJhgY-00246-00058340-00058651 between this marketer and the buyer
+lb1R30FJhgY-00247-00058652-00058882 absolutely well you got a great article
+lb1R30FJhgY-00248-00058883-00059170 up on mark tech series this year's
+lb1R30FJhgY-00249-00059171-00059311 winners have gone above and beyond fully
+lb1R30FJhgY-00250-00059312-00059442 leveraged the most innovative marketing
+lb1R30FJhgY-00251-00059444-00059590 technology create customer centric
+lb1R30FJhgY-00252-00059591-00059740 campaigns that deliver outstanding
+lb1R30FJhgY-00253-00059741-00059920 results as lori has been senior vice
+lb1R30FJhgY-00254-00059921-00060061 president general ok that's obviously
+lb1R30FJhgY-00255-00060062-00060244 marketing packaging for the quote you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00256-00060245-00060424 know from PR but what she's getting at
+lb1R30FJhgY-00257-00060425-00060685 is customer centric again this is the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00258-00060686-00060997 theme multitude of technologies now in
+lb1R30FJhgY-00259-00060998-00061222 the platform very interesting our
+lb1R30FJhgY-00260-00061223-00061357 customer is responding well to this
+lb1R30FJhgY-00261-00061358-00061684 platform and are they seeing the the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00262-00061685-00061858 need to stand up things quickly these
+lb1R30FJhgY-00263-00061859-00062122 campaigns absolutely they are finding
+lb1R30FJhgY-00264-00062123-00062482 that there's more pressure to you get
+lb1R30FJhgY-00265-00062483-00062719 interim value they are absolutely buying
+lb1R30FJhgY-00266-00062720-00062995 into the platform message and we have
+lb1R30FJhgY-00267-00062996-00063211 quite a few customers who also were
+lb1R30FJhgY-00268-00063212-00063423 recognized for the use of multiple
+lb1R30FJhgY-00269-00063424-00063748 products and multiple partner related
+lb1R30FJhgY-00270-00063749-00063829 application
+lb1R30FJhgY-00271-00063830-00064024 and so we're actually seeing a nice
+lb1R30FJhgY-00272-00064025-00064393 trend in both to do great marketing part
+lb1R30FJhgY-00273-00064394-00064687 of part of the messaging or part of
+lb1R30FJhgY-00274-00064688-00065011 Laura's talk track from today was people
+lb1R30FJhgY-00275-00065012-00065291 are freaked out about the data but if
+lb1R30FJhgY-00276-00065291-00065510 you find a way to harness it your create
+lb1R30FJhgY-00277-00065511-00065824 experiences where you'll stop chasing
+lb1R30FJhgY-00278-00065825-00066023 the customers they'll start chasing you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00279-00066024-00066191 because you'll find the right way to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00280-00066192-00066365 have the conversation with them and word
+lb1R30FJhgY-00281-00066366-00066580 of mouth gets around - I'm going to ask
+lb1R30FJhgY-00282-00066581-00066799 you to pick your favorite child of the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00283-00066800-00066862 Awards
+lb1R30FJhgY-00284-00066863-00067042 can you was there one that jumps out and
+lb1R30FJhgY-00285-00067043-00067276 without alienating all the winners is
+lb1R30FJhgY-00286-00067277-00067541 there one that you like this is this is
+lb1R30FJhgY-00287-00067542-00067796 a really really hard question for me
+lb1R30FJhgY-00288-00067797-00067999 because as you know I read all the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00289-00068000-00068447 submissions I play a heavy role in
+lb1R30FJhgY-00290-00068448-00068591 writing the speech so it's really here
+lb1R30FJhgY-00291-00068592-00068812 we go the preamble to it not picking one
+lb1R30FJhgY-00292-00068813-00069215 I don't want to pick my favorite child
+lb1R30FJhgY-00293-00069216-00069410 no parent likes to do that I don't like
+lb1R30FJhgY-00294-00069411-00069568 to pick my favorite child this is a
+lb1R30FJhgY-00295-00069569-00069829 really really hard thing okay audience
+lb1R30FJhgY-00296-00069830-00070004 favorite other how are they different
+lb1R30FJhgY-00297-00070005-00070178 this year from last year how about that
+lb1R30FJhgY-00298-00070179-00070424 or is there is there something general
+lb1R30FJhgY-00299-00070425-00070711 that just shows that kind of reinforces
+lb1R30FJhgY-00300-00070712-00070837 some of this customer experience are you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00301-00070838-00071044 are you seeing a progress and how the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00302-00071045-00071338 how the marquees are evolving yeah
+lb1R30FJhgY-00303-00071339-00071524 that's a great question so I'm having to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00304-00071525-00071686 answer that one and so for the first
+lb1R30FJhgY-00305-00071687-00071966 time since 2012 we've brought back the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00306-00071967-00072260 dinner and so having the marquees and
+lb1R30FJhgY-00307-00072261-00072434 our customer celebration it shows our
+lb1R30FJhgY-00308-00072435-00072667 intent as Oracle marketing cloud for our
+lb1R30FJhgY-00309-00072668-00072886 customers as well that we love them want
+lb1R30FJhgY-00310-00072887-00073024 them to have a great week want to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00311-00073025-00073229 celebrate their accomplishments and get
+lb1R30FJhgY-00312-00073230-00073424 other people to the winning circle so
+lb1R30FJhgY-00313-00073425-00073592 being at a table and feeling that energy
+lb1R30FJhgY-00314-00073593-00073762 having getting an opportunity to sit
+lb1R30FJhgY-00315-00073763-00073936 with an executive or sit with a member
+lb1R30FJhgY-00316-00073937-00074137 of the team it's really really great
+lb1R30FJhgY-00317-00074138-00074386 lifto then come to an event with over
+lb1R30FJhgY-00318-00074387-00074648 4,000 people and feel warm and feel
+lb1R30FJhgY-00319-00074649-00074812 included so I think that was an
+lb1R30FJhgY-00320-00074813-00075061 important part that was a huge feel I
+lb1R30FJhgY-00321-00075062-00075323 mentioned that we added the account
+lb1R30FJhgY-00322-00075324-00075586 based team of the Year award again you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00323-00075587-00075773 couldn't be in b2b marketing and hide
+lb1R30FJhgY-00324-00075774-00075961 from account based marketing it's
+lb1R30FJhgY-00325-00075962-00076516 everywhere we also delivered a overall
+lb1R30FJhgY-00326-00076517-00076778 customer experience award so we had to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00327-00076779-00076993 customer related Awards and we created
+lb1R30FJhgY-00328-00076994-00077138 one category
+lb1R30FJhgY-00329-00077139-00077442 and so I personally love the videos so
+lb1R30FJhgY-00330-00077443-00077663 our best video submission categories one
+lb1R30FJhgY-00331-00077664-00077949 where the viewers got to pick and I
+lb1R30FJhgY-00332-00077950-00078162 would say the reaction of Juna for
+lb1R30FJhgY-00333-00078163-00078360 taking home two trophies last night if I
+lb1R30FJhgY-00334-00078361-00078717 had to pick one because that one was had
+lb1R30FJhgY-00335-00078718-00078966 a bit of a moment at juniper Networks
+lb1R30FJhgY-00336-00078967-00079244 you took Ward they went to award last
+lb1R30FJhgY-00337-00079245-00079521 night I love their reaction as well as
+lb1R30FJhgY-00338-00079522-00079894 the reaction of our folks from Brazil
+lb1R30FJhgY-00339-00079895-00080156 you know really really great stories
+lb1R30FJhgY-00340-00080157-00080472 from Debbie and their use of data we
+lb1R30FJhgY-00341-00080473-00080673 also had Christy as our leader of the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00342-00080674-00081075 year who not only led really strong
+lb1R30FJhgY-00343-00081076-00081288 customer experience transformations
+lb1R30FJhgY-00344-00081289-00081549 across marketing sales and service this
+lb1R30FJhgY-00345-00081550-00081831 is the shoe Moton well no that's Kristin
+lb1R30FJhgY-00346-00081832-00082188 Kristin that's yeah that's Kristin at
+lb1R30FJhgY-00347-00082189-00082404 Time Warner I'm talking about Christy as
+lb1R30FJhgY-00348-00082405-00082641 who's also driving oka stainability
+lb1R30FJhgY-00349-00082642-00082878 efforts in Africa there's a really
+lb1R30FJhgY-00350-00082879-00083255 transformational huge huge advocate of
+lb1R30FJhgY-00351-00083256-00083493 Oracle's as was the team at Kenya
+lb1R30FJhgY-00352-00083494-00083688 Airways and so there's some really
+lb1R30FJhgY-00353-00083689-00083880 feel-good moments they're really
+lb1R30FJhgY-00354-00083881-00084044 exciting moments you could feel it
+lb1R30FJhgY-00355-00084045-00084225 people were hugging each other people
+lb1R30FJhgY-00356-00084226-00084450 were laughing people brought their own
+lb1R30FJhgY-00357-00084451-00084762 noise cannons and sparkler who doesn't
+lb1R30FJhgY-00358-00084763-00084855 love an award show
+lb1R30FJhgY-00359-00084856-00084978 who doesn't like giving out great
+lb1R30FJhgY-00360-00084979-00085213 trophies you know we always get the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00361-00085214-00085713 comparison to the Oscars and so this
+lb1R30FJhgY-00362-00085714-00085905 year it felt like the Golden Globe so
+lb1R30FJhgY-00363-00085906-00086193 you handed out the wrong award so you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00364-00086194-00086334 had a couple times on the winner for the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00365-00086335-00086651 wrong winner we actually did not house
+lb1R30FJhgY-00366-00086652-00086829 that but we actually did joke about it
+lb1R30FJhgY-00367-00086830-00087087 we embraced it so Kayla Sullivan helped
+lb1R30FJhgY-00368-00087088-00087351 us with the award distribution and that
+lb1R30FJhgY-00369-00087352-00087579 was fun the the trophy itself is
+lb1R30FJhgY-00370-00087580-00087765 actually made by the same designer makes
+lb1R30FJhgY-00371-00087766-00088001 the Emmy oh and I believe I said that
+lb1R30FJhgY-00372-00088002-00088263 last year but the feel was more like the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00373-00088264-00088523 Golden Globes the you know there was
+lb1R30FJhgY-00374-00088524-00088722 refreshments an opportunity to have it
+lb1R30FJhgY-00375-00088723-00088917 was well done and it looked a great on
+lb1R30FJhgY-00376-00088918-00089160 Lodo's big crowd yeah you you had the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00377-00089161-00089397 jibs and all the cameras great camera
+lb1R30FJhgY-00378-00089398-00089613 angles yeah and we had a drone do with
+lb1R30FJhgY-00379-00089614-00089859 the delivery so we played with enough
+lb1R30FJhgY-00380-00089860-00090192 nice going up on Amazon I would bring
+lb1R30FJhgY-00381-00090193-00090450 your packages by drone absolutely drop
+lb1R30FJhgY-00382-00090451-00090678 it in absolutely so we had one that was
+lb1R30FJhgY-00383-00090679-00090879 delivered via tweet and then we had one
+lb1R30FJhgY-00384-00090880-00091098 that was delivered via drone and so we
+lb1R30FJhgY-00385-00091099-00091302 covered all the risk management pieces
+lb1R30FJhgY-00386-00091303-00091608 in advance and I'm just super happy that
+lb1R30FJhgY-00387-00091609-00091845 envision who partnered with us and
+lb1R30FJhgY-00388-00091846-00092109 hosting and producing the event were
+lb1R30FJhgY-00389-00092110-00092331 able to to get some of these things
+lb1R30FJhgY-00390-00092332-00092583 cleared so our intent was let's be
+lb1R30FJhgY-00391-00092584-00092817 futuristic let's be digital let's be now
+lb1R30FJhgY-00392-00092818-00093000 and they managed to incorporate that
+lb1R30FJhgY-00393-00093001-00093120 into the show for Adrienne
+lb1R30FJhgY-00394-00093121-00093354 congratulations on all the great work of
+lb1R30FJhgY-00395-00093355-00093621 the Marquis and continued success what's
+lb1R30FJhgY-00396-00093622-00093792 next next year what do you guys look I
+lb1R30FJhgY-00397-00093793-00093909 know the process and you're going to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00398-00093910-00094116 have a little fun now relax a little bit
+lb1R30FJhgY-00399-00094117-00094275 but as you look forward to next year's
+lb1R30FJhgY-00400-00094276-00094437 Marquis you're watching you get the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00401-00094438-00094605 submission it's kind of like the College
+lb1R30FJhgY-00402-00094606-00094725 Admissions you want to know who the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00403-00094726-00094914 judge is here he is what are you looking
+lb1R30FJhgY-00404-00094915-00095061 for for next year have you thought about
+lb1R30FJhgY-00405-00095062-00095355 it any ideas just random thoughts you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00406-00095356-00095583 know it's it's a great question and so
+lb1R30FJhgY-00407-00095584-00095913 it takes us about seven months to
+lb1R30FJhgY-00408-00095914-00096114 actually plan to sit down and actually
+lb1R30FJhgY-00409-00096115-00096393 plan our calendar from submission period
+lb1R30FJhgY-00410-00096394-00096771 the content and so we tend to create the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00411-00096772-00097050 categories that are aspirational so we
+lb1R30FJhgY-00412-00097051-00097191 likely will figure out what's the best
+lb1R30FJhgY-00413-00097192-00097557 way to incorporate the trend get them
+lb1R30FJhgY-00414-00097558-00097797 out early to drive the customers to get
+lb1R30FJhgY-00415-00097798-00097989 really excited about what's next we're
+lb1R30FJhgY-00416-00097990-00098223 talking about AI now what will we be
+lb1R30FJhgY-00417-00098224-00098592 talking about in six months and so I'm
+lb1R30FJhgY-00418-00098593-00098742 looking forward to hearing more
+lb1R30FJhgY-00419-00098743-00099018 customers share about the value they're
+lb1R30FJhgY-00420-00099019-00099207 getting for marketing cloud the new
+lb1R30FJhgY-00421-00099208-00099393 channels that they're using how they've
+lb1R30FJhgY-00422-00099394-00099537 overcome barriers within their
+lb1R30FJhgY-00423-00099538-00099825 organizations to do doing great things
+lb1R30FJhgY-00424-00099826-00100101 and really focus on taking these stories
+lb1R30FJhgY-00425-00100102-00100311 and telling them all year about speed
+lb1R30FJhgY-00426-00100312-00100589 and empowerment yes absolutely
+lb1R30FJhgY-00427-00100590-00100782 absolutely Adrienne Chang here in the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00428-00100783-00101007 cube back with the Marquis update and
+lb1R30FJhgY-00429-00101008-00101133 great commentary great to see you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00430-00101134-00101340 looking great lovely outfit love looking
+lb1R30FJhgY-00431-00101341-00101553 good as always thanks for taking the
+lb1R30FJhgY-00432-00101554-00101760 time and take Shannon reelected it took
+lb1R30FJhgY-00433-00101761-00101886 me a while to figure out what that was
+lb1R30FJhgY-00434-00101887-00102195 the flower
+lb1R30FJhgY-00435-00102196-00102429 from here it's like it's good looks good
+lb1R30FJhgY-00436-00102430-00102477 on you
+lb1R30FJhgY-00437-00102478-00102621 Adrian Chang here inside the cube
+lb1R30FJhgY-00438-00102622-00102761 bringing all the marquee action all
+lb1R30FJhgY-00439-00102763-00102918 great coverage is the cube back with
+lb1R30FJhgY-00440-00102919-00103332 more live coverage after the short break
+ldV6g7m8NUu-00000-00000001-00000301 mirror
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00000-00000000-00000200 this Web cast recording is from Saturday
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00001-00000200-00000503 November twelfth 2016 during designers
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00002-00000504-00000767 for learnings education impact day a 12
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00003-00000768-00000956 hour webcast a thon to explore one
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00004-00000957-00001174 important question what impact will you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00005-00001175-00001412 make during this interview we speak with
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00006-00001413-00001582 drew Davidson director and teaching
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00007-00001583-00001730 professor at Carnegie Mellon's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00008-00001730-00001967 entertainment Technology Center we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00009-00001968-00002101 joined the conversation as drew
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00010-00002102-00002300 describes the focus and purpose of the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00011-00002301-00002570 entertainment Technology Center what we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00012-00002571-00002696 do at the entertainment Technology
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00013-00002697-00002872 Center for those who might not know is
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00014-00002873-00003133 it's a graduate program kind of like an
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00015-00003134-00003326 MBA but we focus on the creative
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00016-00003327-00003706 industries so we're curious about video
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00017-00003707-00004006 games film animation virtual reality
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00018-00004007-00004372 mobile you name it we kind of or mixing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00019-00004373-00004495 up all those types of entertainment
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00020-00004496-00004645 technologies but then we're also very
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00021-00004646-00004931 passionate about how to use that breath
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00022-00004932-00005138 of types of technology and media to help
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00023-00005139-00005320 with education and learning or medical
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00024-00005321-00005588 and health or civic engagement nothing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00025-00005589-00005684 wrong with just trying to make something
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00026-00005685-00005951 in engaging and entertaining as well but
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00027-00005952-00006163 uh we find it's very powerful to use it
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00028-00006164-00006377 as a way to sort of support or enhance
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00029-00006378-00006842 or Lisa work with standard teaching and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00030-00006843-00007159 standard uh you know it communication
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00031-00007161-00007459 methods and so the bulk of our
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00032-00007461-00007699 curriculum really focuses around getting
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00033-00007700-00007844 people from different disciplines and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00034-00007845-00008048 when we say interdisciplinary we really
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00035-00008048-00008314 mean people from multiple disciplines so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00036-00008315-00008449 we get about forty percent out of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00037-00008450-00008645 technical backgrounds forty percent of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00038-00008646-00008852 artistic backgrounds and then the middle
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00039-00008853-00009053 we have people from all over whether
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00040-00009054-00009278 they're creative writers or business
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00041-00009279-00009596 majors or theatre people or musicians or
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00042-00009597-00009881 we've had biology majors even in the in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00043-00009882-00010163 the past and the whole point is to put
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00044-00010164-00010292 them together on teams and have them
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00045-00010293-00010478 make stuff together so our focus is sort
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00046-00010479-00010756 of on collaboration skills communication
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00047-00010757-00011126 leadership animation and that's why we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00048-00011127-00011381 find it really important to focus on
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00049-00011382-00011578 these what we call transformational
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00050-00011579-00011849 goals so our students are always making
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00051-00011850-00011987 something but we're trying to challenge
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00052-00011988-00012167 them to think about how to have a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00053-00012168-00012388 positive social impact and how to you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00054-00012389-00012535 know go out into the world and make it a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00055-00012536-00012869 better place ideally and I think you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00056-00012869-00013060 know that kind of started implicitly and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00057-00013061-00013213 it's got much more explicit in our
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00058-00013215-00013332 curriculum
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00059-00013333-00013463 really came from our students on
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00060-00013465-00013665 interest and demand for that in a way
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00061-00013666-00013838 they wanted to do work they want to go
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00062-00013840-00013988 out and make a difference with whatever
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00063-00013988-00014382 job or a career they have and so that's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00064-00014383-00014580 kind of the context within which we work
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00065-00014581-00014787 around the entertainment Technology
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00066-00014788-00015402 Center so this push for social change is
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00067-00015403-00015716 really a really powerful one especially
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00068-00015716-00015987 considering the current global global
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00069-00015988-00016347 affairs and clerical global state so so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00070-00016347-00016611 how how are you then approaching not
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00071-00016612-00016848 only the domestic social issues that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00072-00016849-00017208 need to you know be addressed especially
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00073-00017209-00017376 by the students because what's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00074-00017377-00017493 interesting I find very interesting is
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00075-00017494-00017610 that the students that we teach and now
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00076-00017611-00017802 we talked to you know Millennials X
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00077-00017803-00017961 Generation Y generation however you want
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00078-00017962-00018201 to categorize them generationally I'm
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00079-00018202-00018390 PDA put out a report that says they're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00080-00018391-00018596 really they're a different breed
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00081-00018597-00018855 essentially because the desires that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00082-00018856-00019257 they have are for independence financial
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00083-00019258-00019581 independence social change in advocacy
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00084-00019582-00020016 in a way that is quite unique so how how
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00085-00020017-00020225 are you guys helping the foster and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00086-00020226-00020454 channel those energies those you know
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00087-00020455-00020760 generational energies that are starting
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00088-00020761-00020997 to see a rapid change especially as it
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00089-00020998-00021311 relates to technology and social media
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00090-00021312-00021800 anyway yeah I mean in some ways they
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00091-00021801-00022169 live in the media much more than like I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00092-00022170-00022365 do like the faculty do we're very aware
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00093-00022366-00022725 of it but it you know I remember once
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00094-00022726-00022968 upon a time you needed a map when you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00095-00022969-00023253 traveled you know that kind of havoc
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00096-00023254-00023544 Harry you have you have everything so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00097-00023545-00023700 that they've sort of been much more
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00098-00023701-00023844 immersed throughout their lives and so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00099-00023845-00024066 they're much more naturally literate if
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00100-00024067-00024390 or I think Prince key mark Prince we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00101-00024391-00024630 like to talk about digital natives there
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00102-00024631-00024924 definitely that and so what we try to do
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00103-00024925-00025172 which is interesting in terms of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00104-00025173-00025419 academic context because you mean not
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00105-00025420-00025578 only just talking about the current
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00106-00025579-00025889 social milieu and all that but it's been
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00107-00025891-00026130 interesting having certain i'm sure a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00108-00026131-00026313 lot of us could this would resonate with
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00109-00026314-00026558 is students come to school and they kind
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00110-00026560-00026727 of view themselves as
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00111-00026727-00027051 streamers so they're paying tuition and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00112-00027052-00027189 they want to quote unquote get what they
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00113-00027189-00027417 want because you know the customer's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00114-00027418-00027657 always right and I'm a little grossly
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00115-00027658-00027912 simplified but one of the things that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00116-00027913-00028212 we're fortunate in a lot of ways is with
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00117-00028213-00028445 randy pausch his last lecture he was
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00118-00028447-00028806 very much about we can refer to Randy
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00119-00028807-00029045 and it gives us a little gravitas to her
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00120-00029047-00029295 comments but it really is true is like I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00121-00029295-00029475 tend to like to tell our students if all
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00122-00029476-00029615 you want to do is go do what you want
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00123-00029616-00029898 don't be in school paying tuition then
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00124-00029899-00030083 just go do it it'll be more efficient
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00125-00030085-00030210 route towards that you know if you're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00126-00030211-00030435 coming to school we feel it's our
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00127-00030436-00030624 obligation of it as educators to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00128-00030625-00030780 challenge you in ways with our
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00129-00030781-00030989 curriculum to help you grow to help you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00130-00030991-00031227 learn to help you develop more fully and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00131-00031227-00031362 so that's going to mean you're going to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00132-00031363-00031554 do things that might feel like well if I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00133-00031555-00031739 could only just work with my friends on
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00134-00031741-00031958 the project that I'm interested in as
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00135-00031960-00032082 opposed to we're going to put you on
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00136-00032083-00032387 this project as an educational goal and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00137-00032388-00032601 it's going to be a team that we mix and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00138-00032602-00032739 make sure it's a well mixed team and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00139-00032739-00032976 well-balanced team we find that's very
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00140-00032977-00033135 important in terms of success and we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00141-00033136-00033264 actually have a colleague who's done
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00142-00033265-00033515 some research on how we try to provide
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00143-00033516-00033720 these curricular constraints that help
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00144-00033721-00033981 it foster innovation and creativity and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00145-00033982-00034203 a big part that came out of her research
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00146-00034204-00034446 was the importance of diversity and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00147-00034447-00034620 inclusion in that which I think
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00148-00034621-00035007 resonates a lot right now arm in this
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00149-00035008-00035145 day and age is so like her research
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00150-00035146-00035340 showed that the more diverse teams that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00151-00035341-00035493 we have the more innovative work they do
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00152-00035494-00035787 but a subset of that is the more diverse
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00153-00035788-00036042 teams tend to have more conflict so they
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00154-00036043-00036608 need more you need more constructive
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00155-00036609-00036834 constraints and like helping them have
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00156-00036835-00036942 those become arguments that are
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00157-00036943-00037131 constructive as opposed to fight that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00158-00037132-00037332 become destructive within their realm
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00159-00037333-00037485 and so that's where we try to really
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00160-00037486-00037719 push and help them grow as professionals
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00161-00037720-00037952 and grow as in their creative and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00162-00037953-00038112 innovative skills which is sorta like a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00163-00038113-00038412 muscle that you can learn to use and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00164-00038413-00038637 ideally start applying themselves to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00165-00038638-00038786 these real you know world problems
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00166-00038787-00039168 sometimes it's you scale from just user
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00167-00039169-00039318 interface type problems like do people
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00168-00039319-00039468 understand how to play the game or
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00169-00039469-00039662 interact with the theme ride or
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00170-00039663-00039882 understand the museum installation
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00171-00039883-00040104 you're trying to develop because
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00172-00040105-00040248 always joke with our students because we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00173-00040249-00040410 require playtesting all the time and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00174-00040411-00040664 they'll be like aha nobody we had the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00175-00040665-00040874 wrong group of kid didn't get it at all
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00176-00040875-00041283 and not the kids fault not to blame
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00177-00041284-00041537 uh-huh so you need to go back and work
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00178-00041538-00041802 on a you know the user interface and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00179-00041803-00041973 seeing how the flow of experience works
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00180-00041974-00042152 because in the end what we're trying to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00181-00042153-00042354 challenge our students to do is design
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00182-00042355-00042648 experiences that you and I can have as
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00183-00042649-00042893 you know players or learners or guests
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00184-00042894-00043158 in different types of scenarios and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00185-00043159-00043329 ideally transformational experiences to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00186-00043330-00043490 get us to reflect on our lives and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00187-00043491-00043767 hopefully you know make you know have an
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00188-00043768-00043914 impact on our day in and day out of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00189-00043915-00044310 existence yeah so I mean that really
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00190-00044311-00044495 segues nicely into my next bit here
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00191-00044496-00044915 because in in 2015 so last year you did
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00192-00044916-00045374 a webinar for acct and a title of it was
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00193-00045375-00045651 creative chaos and so you know you're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00194-00045652-00046037 talking about these is a kind of failing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00195-00046038-00046410 failing up right or a rather failing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00196-00046411-00046617 often failing quickly which are kind of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00197-00046618-00046943 these gaming design concepts and not
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00198-00046944-00047171 exclusively obviously game but you know
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00199-00047172-00047436 coming from the arts and in that space
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00200-00047437-00047910 and so located there and in your scheme
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00201-00047911-00048227 you is it shell games which is kind of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00202-00048228-00048512 another piece to the puzzle and I was
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00203-00048513-00048683 really taken by as a game space Kyle I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00204-00048684-00048957 was really taken by shells book the art
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00205-00048958-00049326 of game design and so very first yeah it
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00206-00049327-00049530 is really good a game of lint like a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00207-00049531-00049833 that it's a blends is right it's got 84
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00208-00049834-00049989 lenses and the very first is creating
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00209-00049990-00050160 this existential experience you have to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00210-00050161-00050436 create this crazy experience so could
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00211-00050437-00050786 you kind of tie in that webinar that you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00212-00050787-00051068 did with notions that you are bringing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00213-00051069-00051242 about now especially as it relates
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00214-00051244-00051827 toward social changes sure thing so like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00215-00051828-00052031 at a higher level like the idea of the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00216-00052032-00052280 creative chaos was sort of built on the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00217-00052282-00052529 research I was just mentioning and that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00218-00052530-00052775 was started by a colleague at Carnegie
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00219-00052776-00052935 Mellon's business school at upper school
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00220-00052936-00053144 for business and her expertise is in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00221-00053145-00053363 small group innovation and they like I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00222-00053364-00053490 was saying earlier she just really she
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00223-00053491-00053757 a four-year study across like you know
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00224-00053758-00053910 we're always running semester long
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00225-00053911-00054099 project with teams to four to six and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00226-00054100-00054309 they range from working with external
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00227-00054310-00054516 clients that are either for profit
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00228-00054516-00054786 groups or nonprofit groups to faculty
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00229-00054787-00055071 research and grant at work to students
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00230-00055072-00055353 capitula their own ideas and their big
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00231-00055354-00055572 36 unit classes so students probably
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00232-00055573-00055797 spend 40 to 80 hours a week in these
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00233-00055798-00056013 courses they share an office together a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00234-00056014-00056136 large office where they all sit together
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00235-00056137-00056403 and they have all of the faculty sort of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00236-00056404-00056565 our advisors for all the projects
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00237-00056566-00056673 because we bring our interdisciplinary
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00238-00056674-00056964 expertise to to offer towards everything
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00239-00056965-00057375 they're working on so dr. weingartz
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00240-00057376-00057528 research for about four years looked at
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00241-00057529-00057708 over 60 projects hundreds of students
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00242-00057709-00057948 and really helped us unpack what we were
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00243-00057949-00058098 doing well with our curriculum and how
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00244-00058099-00058391 we can improve supporting sort of like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00245-00058392-00058647 innovative work and like a big big part
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00246-00058648-00058773 of that like I was mentioning is like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00247-00058774-00058983 diverse teams are so important so having
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00248-00058984-00059166 that type of mix we have people from
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00249-00059166-00059267 different backgrounds with different
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00250-00059269-00059589 skills and and you know we were able to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00251-00059590-00059811 unpack the demographic data teams to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00252-00059812-00060015 show that teams that have a nice balance
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00253-00060016-00060189 of women to men tend to do better work
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00254-00060190-00060396 you know statistically and so like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00255-00060397-00060588 there's all kinds of research out there
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00256-00060589-00060714 on diversity and one of the things that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00257-00060715-00060858 we've been pushing even further on is
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00258-00060859-00061134 just being diverse isn't enough you need
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00259-00061135-00061416 to have people feeling included there's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00260-00061416-00061644 this whole part about inclusion that's I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00261-00061645-00061887 think even more important so like the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00262-00061888-00062199 way we talk about it sometimes it can be
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00263-00062200-00062463 easy to feel this sort of temptation of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00264-00062464-00062595 like we're trying to mix a team together
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00265-00062596-00062763 and we're trying to balance all of our
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00266-00062764-00062942 teams we notice we have a team of that's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00267-00062944-00063171 a team with all Chinese students on it
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00268-00063172-00063360 let's swap out a Chinese student throw
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00269-00063361-00063569 American in there it's more diverse EA
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00270-00063570-00063842 but we we tend to call that you know
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00271-00063844-00064032 plus one so now they're actually might
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00272-00064033-00064221 be a little churn because you have to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00273-00064222-00064371 give it supports that person might feel
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00274-00064372-00064572 a little bit on the outside and it
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00275-00064573-00064833 really resonates with me I've had a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00276-00064834-00064986 colleague when we were talking about
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00277-00064987-00065259 this research and she's out in Silicon
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00278-00065260-00065433 Valley and she was the only woman and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00279-00065434-00065625 the only african-american and her
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00280-00065626-00065811 company so she was like gosh the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00281-00065812-00065946 pressure to feel like I'm representing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00282-00065947-00066135 and you know it's hard to feel like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00283-00066136-00066357 she's fit at that company when I had a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00284-00066358-00066534 whole bunch of white guys and some Asian
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00285-00066535-00066726 you know so we were talking about that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00286-00066727-00066855 sort of importance is like what can you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00287-00066856-00066885 do
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00288-00066886-00067028 people feel like they're you know
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00289-00067029-00067272 included and that's just constant
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00290-00067273-00067521 attention and constant communication so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00291-00067522-00067706 it's sort of like an ongoing process
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00292-00067707-00067902 sometimes teams like we solved our
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00293-00067903-00068040 communication everything's great and I'm
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00294-00068041-00068256 like for this week you know something's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00295-00068257-00068382 going to happen as you work together and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00296-00068383-00068490 you're like you're going to just always
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00297-00068491-00068721 have to be you know and I tell us to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00298-00068722-00068913 students on us and someone so sad it's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00299-00068914-00069183 like here's how low the bar is just be
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00300-00069184-00069570 polite if you just be polite you know p
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00301-00069571-00069804 will want to work with you it'll help
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00302-00069805-00070092 build a reputation and it'll put you in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00303-00070093-00070266 good stead and in a weird way I think
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00304-00070267-00070410 that's more true than ever like we're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00305-00070411-00070746 sort of like alluding to earlier you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00306-00070747-00070932 know just it's times we live in right
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00307-00070933-00071163 now on this past election we've been
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00308-00071164-00071391 talking a lot this past week Carney
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00309-00071392-00071487 milne because we have international
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00310-00071488-00071640 students we have minority students and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00311-00071641-00071819 they're very stressed and they're very
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00312-00071820-00072069 scared and we started talking about what
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00313-00072070-00072207 God we're Pittsburgh we're the home of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00314-00072208-00072483 mr. Rogers you know like hello neighbor
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00315-00072484-00072654 how do you be a good neighbor you know
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00316-00072655-00072876 how do you be civil we've been talking a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00317-00072877-00073049 lot about that like how can we get a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00318-00073050-00073341 reject that type of discourse into the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00319-00073342-00073605 public sphere of just at the very
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00320-00073606-00073821 minimum being polite good manners the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00321-00073822-00074004 very best you know what does it mean to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00322-00074005-00074148 be a good neighbor and be there for each
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00323-00074149-00074421 other so building on that is this idea
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00324-00074422-00074673 of like getting into like the same very
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00325-00074674-00074798 question with shell game just like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00326-00074799-00075012 Jesse's really the one who coined the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00327-00075013-00075252 idea of transformational experiences so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00328-00075253-00075459 Jesse shells are distinguished professor
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00329-00075460-00075735 of practice and he runs a studio of over
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00330-00075736-00075927 100 people I do not know how he had does
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00331-00075928-00076230 all this there might be two Jesse's sure
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00332-00076231-00076563 um anyway you know wrote a book on top
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00333-00076564-00076776 of that but he really came up this idea
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00334-00076777-00076956 of like how do we help them think about
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00335-00076957-00077180 designing these experiences that have a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00336-00077181-00077418 goal of having a positive social impact
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00337-00077419-00077709 whether it's educational or civic or you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00338-00077710-00078056 know better for better health um and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00339-00078057-00078345 that became a core tenet to his spin off
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00340-00078346-00078561 shell games which he started oh my
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00341-00078562-00078810 goodness gracious i think over 12 years
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00342-00078811-00079161 ago now it's gonna love life so show
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00343-00079162-00079302 games has been around for a while that's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00344-00079303-00079494 a big part about half of their work is
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00345-00079495-00079665 what they would consider in this
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00346-00079666-00079815 transformational space where the other
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00347-00079816-00080112 half is more towards a straight-up
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00348-00080113-00080235 entertainment
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00349-00080236-00080432 and they do internal projects and client
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00350-00080433-00080763 projects at shell games and so I think
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00351-00080764-00080969 part of what's fun and I think helps
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00352-00080970-00081171 with our students I think a lot of us
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00353-00081172-00081531 could resonate with this is they look to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00354-00081532-00081756 the faculty for our experience because
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00355-00081757-00081953 in some ways if you're a programmer you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00356-00081954-00082248 know more about programming than I do at
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00357-00082249-00082409 this day and age I haven't talked
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00358-00082410-00082832 programming since Godflesh spins for so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00359-00082833-00083004 long you know so like I'm not I'm not
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00360-00083005-00083181 the best person to code review i could
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00361-00083182-00083448 probably mess you up I'm how easily
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00362-00083449-00083697 break your code for but like we are
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00363-00083698-00083835 introduced pre-mixed we do that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00364-00083836-00083988 programmers can sit down and do code
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00365-00083989-00084237 review we have people who do this and do
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00366-00084238-00084417 you know dude and can critique art
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00367-00084418-00084546 really well a lot of our programmers
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00368-00084547-00084744 have never been critiqued they're used
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00369-00084745-00084903 to coming out of that's where like when
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00370-00084904-00085236 my code works I'm done and you know you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00371-00085237-00085365 get through playtesting like what your
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00372-00085366-00085751 game is playable but kids hate it done
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00373-00085752-00086328 gone you know design working and a big
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00374-00086329-00086472 part of all of that that I think is
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00375-00086473-00086706 really important for us in a way that we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00376-00086707-00086898 hope carries forward is in our first
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00377-00086899-00087210 semester of school all of our students
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00378-00087211-00087579 have to take improvisational acting so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00379-00087580-00087885 everybody goes off not to be funny or
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00380-00087886-00088197 better actors but to think about how to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00381-00088198-00088392 share sharing credit sharing space
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00382-00088393-00088718 sharing ideas um and it's a great
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00383-00088719-00088856 brainstorming paradigm with that classic
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00384-00088857-00089013 I mean you hear a lot about it with SNL
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00385-00089014-00089229 from a comedy side the whole yes and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00386-00089230-00089559 thing um yeah so visceral when you're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00387-00089560-00089738 onstage and do a little improv together
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00388-00089739-00090018 when you are not sharing ideas and it's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00389-00090019-00090171 not working the scene isn't coming
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00390-00090172-00090394 together and you feel it faithfully so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00391-00090395-00090624 and we hope that translates to when
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00392-00090625-00090750 you're on a project and you're trying to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00393-00090751-00090918 make this game or the seam and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00394-00090919-00091134 installation or this mobile app that's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00395-00091135-00091353 more important that then your algorithm
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00396-00091354-00091521 that's so clever or your art that you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00397-00091522-00091680 hope so pretty even though the client
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00398-00091681-00091917 doesn't like it so like you how can use
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00399-00091918-00092150 a team work together to focus on what
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00400-00092151-00092292 that important thing is and then we hope
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00401-00092293-00092519 its scales to like cut that important
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00402-00092520-00092681 thing have a positive impact in our
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00403-00092682-00092862 world and then how do you how do you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00404-00092863-00093066 sort of like set aside your ego and flow
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00405-00093067-00093528 into making that type of work amazing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00406-00093529-00093756 so among the many scholars of that I'm
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00407-00093757-00093978 familiar with you you really are working
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00408-00093979-00094322 on some of the most engaging fun
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00409-00094323-00094728 authentic and yes I said fun project
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00410-00094729-00095142 right I think that that really resonate
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00411-00095143-00095403 with learners and really resonate not
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00412-00095404-00095598 only with learners with people in the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00413-00095599-00095805 ways in which they make sense of their
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00414-00095806-00095975 world so I want to talk a little bit
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00415-00095976-00096068 about that I want you to talk a little
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00416-00096069-00096261 bit about those projects you know from
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00417-00096262-00096696 from the place summit to come to you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00418-00096697-00096782 know the stuff that you're doing with
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00419-00096783-00097110 GLS to remake learning at all these
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00420-00097111-00097355 spaces and places that you're engaged in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00421-00097356-00097572 in some capacity whether it be an
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00422-00097573-00097815 advisor or an executive board or cummins
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00423-00097816-00097998 kind of break break down a couple of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00424-00097999-00098150 those little projects that are you or
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00425-00098151-00098474 your gyms that you have been involved in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00426-00098475-00098967 over the years um yeah I'll start with
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00427-00098968-00099074 three big learning that's really
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00428-00099075-00099362 interesting oh wait no real it back well
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00429-00099363-00099672 babies like preface you know and I did
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00430-00099673-00100011 say fun oh yeah fun one of the things we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00431-00100012-00100137 talked a lot about in terms of like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00432-00100138-00100278 unpacking what it means to be fun
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00433-00100279-00100497 because sometimes I can feel so more
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00434-00100498-00100878 amorphous towards useless is a big part
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00435-00100879-00101154 of fun for us is like a level of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00436-00101155-00101325 engagement like it gets into the chick
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00437-00101326-00101580 semi highs idea flow and that type of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00438-00101581-00101829 immersion agement which we believe
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00439-00101830-00102080 really leads to challenge and like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00440-00102081-00102275 having things appropriately challenge so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00441-00102276-00102453 in on educational context it's about
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00442-00102454-00102675 scaffolding content and you know in a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00443-00102676-00102983 game like contents about slowly working
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00444-00102984-00103103 your way through the levels till you get
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00445-00103104-00103272 to the boss fight and if it's a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00446-00103273-00103403 well-designed game or well-designed
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00447-00103404-00103634 learning experience in both cases you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00448-00103635-00103989 develop a mastery just by engaging and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00449-00103990-00104129 so it's that type of challenge and I'm
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00450-00104130-00104393 sure a lot of us if we played games some
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00451-00104394-00104567 games are radically too easy so we get
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00452-00104568-00104738 bored really quickly like a lot of us
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00453-00104739-00105048 adults probably don't play tic-tac-toe
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00454-00105049-00105278 anymore because we got it we understand
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00455-00105279-00105458 let's we have kids they think tix Vic
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00456-00105459-00105597 Toews awesome and they will crack that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00457-00105598-00105959 code if there's a key there's a movie
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00458-00105960-00106197 out there uh you know and then games can
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00459-00106198-00106316 be much too hard you get too frustrated
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00460-00106317-00106529 so it's like that's where you get it to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00461-00106530-00106698 the idea flow and appropriately
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00462-00106699-00106854 challenge and scaffolding
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00463-00106855-00107040 on those things so we really we really
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00464-00107041-00107233 believe like looking towards finding
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00465-00107233-00107403 that sort of sweet spot that is a moving
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00466-00107404-00107758 burial for a lot of people um but then
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00467-00107758-00107958 getting into projects like what's been
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00468-00107958-00108291 really like humbling and awesome at like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00469-00108292-00108397 with the reading make learning and for
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00470-00108398-00108537 those who don't know i think it's remake
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00471-00108538-00108837 learning gorg here in Pittsburgh yes
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00472-00108838-00109069 it's a lot like some of the MacArthur
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00473-00109070-00109222 working when they were trying to set up
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00474-00109223-00109582 hives and cities where we were trying to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00475-00109583-00109807 get together but Mr exists one or I was
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00476-00109808-00109926 surprised i moved here to Pittsburgh
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00477-00109927-00110214 from Austin Texas so not native to the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00478-00110215-00110538 area but it was such a nice sized city
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00479-00110539-00110683 and that it was large enough and had
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00480-00110683-00110826 enough of a history that there's great
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00481-00110827-00111015 cultural institutions as great museums
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00482-00111016-00111348 it's great um theater there's just all
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00483-00111349-00111504 kinds of opportunities and there's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00484-00111505-00111624 something or they care about sports a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00485-00111625-00111759 lot around here I don't know why no
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00486-00111760-00112200 checking something like this he her um
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00487-00112201-00112500 right so you know there's all of that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00488-00112501-00112681 here but it's a small enough city that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00489-00112682-00112768 you can kind of get your head around
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00490-00112769-00112993 everything that's around and people know
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00491-00112994-00113098 each other really well and they
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00492-00113099-00113245 collaborate really well so remake
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00493-00113246-00113487 learning was as the temp to get anybody
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00494-00113488-00113658 who cared about you know the quality of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00495-00113659-00113857 life for kids for K through 12 almost
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00496-00113858-00114268 like K through higher ed who wanted to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00497-00114269-00114486 meet so like directors of museums are
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00498-00114487-00114678 showing up teachers are showing up
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00499-00114679-00114863 superintendents are showing up
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00500-00114864-00115077 professors from college are showing up
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00501-00115078-00115318 people from out of school learning about
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00502-00115319-00115539 maker spaces are showing up and so it
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00503-00115540-00115795 was wonderful Gestalt of people getting
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00504-00115796-00116064 together and it's it's spawned for us so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00505-00116065-00116344 many amazing projects like to that I'll
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00506-00116345-00116574 mention just in passing and it's two of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00507-00116575-00117048 them God dozens but it at one meeting we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00508-00117049-00117195 were doing the screw brainstorming
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00509-00117196-00117544 exercise and Jesse Schell what's in the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00510-00117545-00117697 beginning to and he had the idea that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00511-00117698-00117936 everybody voted on the most so he'd been
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00512-00117937-00118120 invited up to talk about his idea and I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00513-00118121-00118381 was sitting in the back with Jane Warner
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00514-00118382-00118471 who's the director of The Children's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00515-00118472-00118638 Museum and we were both commiserating
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00516-00118639-00118809 cuz we both are I brainstorming ideas
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00517-00118810-00119124 got the least votes we're sorta like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00518-00119125-00119265 joking with each other going yeah look
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00519-00119266-00119419 at us we got the least votes but we both
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00520-00119420-00119577 like Jesse's idea who's talking about
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00521-00119578-00119790 what he called the Dream Factory it
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00522-00119791-00119934 could there be a major base it was
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00523-00119935-00120126 staffed with the facilities and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00524-00120127-00120234 facilitators that kids
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00525-00120235-00120505 could just walk in and like I want to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00526-00120506-00120655 make a robot and people like all right
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00527-00120656-00121027 let's talk about you do that and so that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00528-00121028-00121410 led to us getting together to do have
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00529-00121411-00121594 evolved into it's called the make shop
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00530-00121595-00121807 so a maker space inside the children's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00531-00121808-00122128 museum here in Pittsburgh this was eight
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00532-00122129-00122320 years ago now so the time is fairly
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00533-00122321-00122508 early early enough that it really got
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00534-00122509-00122668 the attention to make magazine and Dale
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00535-00122669-00123070 Dougherty and so a lot of people but
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00536-00123071-00123403 well I was so inspired by was Jane and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00537-00123404-00123553 like no but we didn't have funding for
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00538-00123554-00123649 you we all just thought it was a good
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00539-00123650-00123826 idea and we decided to do a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00540-00123827-00124048 collaboration between Carnegie Mellon
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00541-00124049-00124333 with us the museum and the University of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00542-00124333-00124528 Pittsburgh's childhood learning an out
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00543-00124529-00124822 school out of school environments up
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00544-00124823-00125146 close quick Kevin Crowley's group on the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00545-00125147-00125293 three of us so he was willing to donate
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00546-00125294-00125583 a PhD researcher to study what we were
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00547-00125584-00125944 trying to do the museum carved out some
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00548-00125945-00126130 space and an existing floor they didn't
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00549-00126131-00126250 have any budget but they're like we'll
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00550-00126251-00126534 just kind of put it over here and we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00551-00126535-00126748 donated three students for summer
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00552-00126749-00126976 internships so we started to make sure I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00553-00126977-00127110 would like no funding just like with
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00554-00127111-00127408 people and I'm just by being able to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00555-00127408-00127681 show that kids were showing up and they
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00556-00127682-00127894 were really interested they were just
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00557-00127895-00128104 blew their minds that helped us start
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00558-00128105-00128296 getting funding to help grow it and took
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00559-00128297-00128518 over the museum it's become like they're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00560-00128519-00128724 shining jewel for why people go and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00561-00128725-00128965 Janes been going around like the world
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00562-00128966-00129139 now talking about ways that maker spaces
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00563-00129140-00129424 and other institutions so that was just
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00564-00129425-00129660 a wonderful thing that happened here at
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00565-00129661-00129810 the same time it with remake learning we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00566-00129811-00130260 also met the superintendent of a local
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00567-00130261-00130432 school district Lizabeth forward school
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00568-00130433-00130648 district that is the southernmost
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00569-00130649-00130918 district in Allegheny County and for
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00570-00130919-00131020 those of you who don't know the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00571-00131021-00131245 Pittsburgh area really well when you get
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00572-00131246-00131440 outside of the city limits it gets rural
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00573-00131441-00131662 really quickly and at the time we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00574-00131663-00132064 collaborate mr. Ford was probably I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00575-00132065-00132292 think if not the bottom in the bottom
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00576-00132293-00132484 rankings of the state in terms of school
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00577-00132485-00132657 districts in the Graduate you know their
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00578-00132658-00132862 graduation rates and how their students
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00579-00132863-00133114 were doing the superintendent like we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00580-00133115-00133252 need to get creative we need to try
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00581-00133253-00133615 stuff differently and so we were willing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00582-00133616-00133813 start doing projects together so we went
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00583-00133814-00133990 after grants together to try to get more
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00584-00133991-00134149 technology to try to chain their
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00585-00134150-00134422 teachers it led to like a project where
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00586-00134423-00134608 we help them create a fab lab within the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00587-00134609-00134875 school so sort of like a sort of a more
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00588-00134876-00135040 modernized version of shop so we got
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00589-00135041-00135220 their shop teachers on board and one
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00590-00135221-00135382 shop teacher resigned because he was
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00591-00135383-00135622 like this is not shop you know he was
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00592-00135623-00135874 used to chop saws and all that in this
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00593-00135875-00136048 and we're bringing in 3d printers and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00594-00136049-00136426 CNC routers and stuff like that and so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00595-00136427-00136639 we also were really inspired by the work
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00596-00136640-00136768 that we had done with MacArthur
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00597-00136769-00137002 Foundation in Chicago doing what they
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00598-00137003-00137257 called you media so we help them sort of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00599-00137258-00137386 transform their lab which is we're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00600-00137387-00137578 making a makerspace in a library system
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00601-00137579-00137716 so we did that with their school library
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00602-00137717-00137959 as well and then together we help them
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00603-00137960-00138241 get a small lab the situated median
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00604-00138242-00138433 Learning Labs kind of like connect on
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00605-00138434-00138706 steroids whole idea is to do Bobby
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00606-00138707-00138913 learning exercises at like you take math
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00607-00138914-00139057 class and you get into a small m and you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00608-00139058-00139270 run around and play math games they've
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00609-00139271-00139456 been able to show that it's who do that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00610-00139457-00139672 actually retain the math knowledge
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00611-00139673-00140032 better and then they kind of do group
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00612-00140033-00140197 learning exercises in the small lab and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00613-00140198-00140440 what was really inspiring about that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00614-00140441-00140809 project was a couple things one just by
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00615-00140810-00141034 having our graduate students show up to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00616-00141035-00141232 their school district to chat with the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00617-00141233-00141463 teachers in the students their kids
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00618-00141464-00141642 started talking about going to college
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00619-00141643-00141922 they notice this huge uptick of interest
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00620-00141923-00142204 in school and for a lot of their
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00621-00142205-00142357 students it was the first time they met
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00622-00142358-00142633 somebody from another country what was
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00623-00142634-00142762 really inspiring to is a lot of their
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00624-00142763-00142885 young girls were like I want to be like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00625-00142886-00143071 her you want to be like some of our
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00626-00143072-00143221 female graduate students and they were
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00627-00143222-00143506 getting really inspired so before you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00628-00143507-00143626 even talk about the projects in the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00629-00143627-00143857 education just that just by like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00630-00143858-00144040 inhabiting this namespace happen to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00631-00144041-00144433 inspire students and then we started
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00632-00144434-00144595 trying to make games and what was
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00633-00144596-00144808 fascinating there was it's on the one
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00634-00144809-00144958 hand the superintendent going we're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00635-00144959-00145210 going to do this on the other hand the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00636-00145211-00145348 teachers if you're if you're going to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00637-00145349-00145495 make something the teachers don't think
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00638-00145496-00145654 it's good or it's not working for them
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00639-00145655-00145876 that was that small I was just going to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00640-00145877-00146152 gather dust so probably took us if we do
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00641-00146153-00146350 semester long project so we took a year
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00642-00146351-00146578 in which two projects happen across that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00643-00146579-00146842 year where we work really hard with our
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00644-00146843-00146986 faculty and our graduates
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00645-00146987-00147247 students to make the teachers feel like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00646-00147248-00147502 co-creators in this process so they had
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00647-00147503-00147712 a voice in the design decisions and you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00648-00147713-00147838 know the students as well we want to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00649-00147839-00147928 make sure they thought what was
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00650-00147929-00148123 happening but it probably took a whole
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00651-00148124-00148264 year before the teachers started turning
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00652-00148265-00148459 around and go wait this could be useful
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00653-00148460-00148987 um and so we work really really hard and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00654-00148988-00149266 it was intentionally so to make certain
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00655-00149267-00149449 that the teachers had an input into what
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00656-00149450-00149572 was getting me because we wanted them to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00657-00149573-00149863 use it and have have it have a good
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00658-00149864-00150043 impact for them and now like the small
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00659-00150044-00150223 lab that signed out all the time it's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00660-00150224-00150388 like standing room only anytime anybody
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00661-00150389-00150604 wants to use it but it took like about a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00662-00150605-00150769 year to get the teachers on board
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00663-00150770-00150943 because you know it's like here's more
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00664-00150944-00151093 technology and like oh just add
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00665-00151094-00151477 something else to my plate you know so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00666-00151478-00151648 those two things just coming out of the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00667-00151649-00151933 remake learning show like just a inkling
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00668-00151934-00152185 of it and I think what's awesome that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00669-00152186-00152316 i've seen here and gives me so much hope
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00670-00152317-00152686 for us writ large is this is happening
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00671-00152687-00152899 all over like Pittsburgh not unique in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00672-00152900-00153049 this regard we've seen in Cleveland
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00673-00153050-00153204 we've seen it down in Charlotte you know
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00674-00153205-00153429 we've seen it we've cities are
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00675-00153430-00153553 interconnected and people are doing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00676-00153554-00153741 great stuff everywhere and you know one
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00677-00153742-00153862 of the great things about the internet
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00678-00153863-00153991 it's it's helping people connect to each
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00679-00153992-00154489 other to pull all that up so that's been
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00680-00154490-00154807 awesome in the best idea survive right
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00681-00154808-00155020 the best idea is thrive and survive and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00682-00155021-00155248 move on that's great so there's a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00683-00155249-00155527 question from Nicola palette I'm gonna
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00684-00155528-00155839 open it up a bit before I ask you the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00685-00155840-00156133 final question but um what do you think
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00686-00156134-00156429 is the link between learning design and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00687-00156430-00156841 game design that's kind of basically
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00688-00156842-00157033 tiny playful learning experiences is
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00689-00157034-00157195 what she has here there's no like at all
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00690-00157196-00157708 no I'm joking um I could not say it more
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00691-00157709-00158035 eloquently than James Paul G did in his
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00692-00158036-00158176 book that I still think you know there's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00693-00158177-00158293 a lot of books out there that kind of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00694-00158294-00158479 try to dress this but his book about
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00695-00158480-00158638 what video game teaches about learning
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00696-00158639-00158965 and literacy I still think just some did
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00697-00158966-00159204 that the best it's just so well-written
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00698-00159205-00159364 and it just really encapsulates that and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00699-00159365-00159586 what he gets at is in both cases
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00700-00159587-00159763 learning design and game design a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00701-00159764-00160000 well-designed experience is just in an
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00702-00160001-00160341 in and of itself educational so when
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00703-00160342-00160386 you're playing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00704-00160387-00160584 Super Mario it teaches you how to play
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00705-00160585-00160843 and you get goals and you get you know
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00706-00160844-00161028 and then you learn your skills as you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00707-00161029-00161181 get going and then those skills start
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00708-00161182-00161331 combining together as the levels get
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00709-00161332-00161523 harder in the game gets more difficult
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00710-00161524-00161730 so that you have to raise your game as
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00711-00161731-00161931 it were and in the same way really
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00712-00161932-00162077 well-designed learning experiences
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00713-00162078-00162297 challenge students and help them grow
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00714-00162298-00162423 their knowledge and they build on that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00715-00162424-00162846 learning together and yeah so at the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00716-00162847-00163071 time and he was when he was like real
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00717-00163072-00163233 first work I remember him really talking
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00718-00163234-00163458 about so if you look at school school in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00719-00163459-00163629 and of ourselves not the best design
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00720-00163630-00164007 learning experience as a system he's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00721-00164008-00164214 like teachers within that system I've
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00722-00164215-00164382 made amazed you know it's almost like in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00723-00164383-00164508 spite of that type of system eyes
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00724-00164509-00164697 learning teachers do brilliant learning
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00725-00164698-00164955 design um and one of the my favorite
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00726-00164956-00165135 examples that I still thinks just so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00727-00165136-00165348 evocative is the work that Katie salen
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00728-00165349-00165648 did with the quest to learn schools she
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00729-00165649-00165771 started those in New York I think
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00730-00165772-00165969 there's some in Chicago now the whole
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00731-00165970-00166215 idea was like could they use the idea of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00732-00166216-00166434 game design as a lens for how they
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00733-00166435-00166587 designed the whole learning experience
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00734-00166588-00166890 to a 6 through 12 public school in New
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00735-00166891-00167229 York City so everything sort of taught
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00736-00167230-00167391 with the idea of like building your
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00737-00167392-00167679 skills together two different paths
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00738-00167680-00167874 these levels of learning that were tied
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00739-00167875-00168243 into the scaffold goals they had and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00740-00168244-00168447 also the you know sort of common core
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00741-00168448-00168735 tight I'm experiences and I thought that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00742-00168736-00168957 was just really powerful and showed a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00743-00168958-00169143 lot of what you could do because I know
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00744-00169144-00169307 we talked a lot and I don't think
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00745-00169308-00169497 there's a lot of talk about oh my god
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00746-00169498-00169632 kids are shown gage like this summer
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00747-00169633-00169893 pokemons go boom everybody's playing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00748-00169894-00170100 pokemon go you know so a lot of people
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00749-00170101-00170256 started like you start seeing this
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00750-00170257-00170520 uptick on like a tech blog so if like so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00751-00170521-00170664 pokemon goes really engaging how do I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00752-00170665-00170933 use that to help teach kids something
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00753-00170934-00171309 and what's powerful for me and for
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00754-00171310-00171501 teachers so I've had talks with lots of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00755-00171502-00171756 teachers where sometimes their first
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00756-00171757-00172098 reaction would be you're trying to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00757-00172099-00172329 replace me by creating a game to teach
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00758-00172330-00172440 us that doesn't so you don't need
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00759-00172441-00172560 teachers anymore and I think it's an
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00760-00172561-00172887 exact opposite um games are
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00761-00172888-00173148 complementary and they need that sort of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00762-00173149-00173328 remediation that's or scaffolding around
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00763-00173329-00173559 them so that teachers can help guide and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00764-00173560-00173776 help surface at knowledge otherwise
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00765-00173777-00173974 the whole idea of transference like if
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00766-00173975-00174088 you're playing a math game your math
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00767-00174089-00174343 scores go up but if it's something where
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00768-00174344-00174487 the teacher can connect it because like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00769-00174488-00174616 any type of learning you're connecting
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00770-00174617-00174903 to the kids and what matters to them
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00771-00174904-00175186 across the board and so like teachers
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00772-00175187-00175369 help make that happen and so I think
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00773-00175370-00175504 it's just more important than ever in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00774-00175505-00175825 that regard yeah they feel they felt it
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00775-00175826-00176038 can help fill in those those missing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00776-00176039-00176221 gaps you know Assassin's Creed so some
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00777-00176222-00176344 of the work that I've done in SAS ins
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00778-00176345-00176518 Creed is you know they take creative
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00779-00176519-00176827 liveries and the teachers can help build
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00780-00176828-00177079 the gaps of fact in history right
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00781-00177080-00177304 historical fact and cultural facts where
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00782-00177305-00177457 they maybe to some creative liberties
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00783-00177458-00177799 taken which are perfectly admirable and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00784-00177800-00178078 games because they help create a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00785-00178079-00178357 different type of flow by like we can go
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00786-00178358-00178657 we can go on and on and on arafat let me
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00787-00178658-00178951 let me ask you this final question and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00788-00178952-00179110 if hopefully we have some other people
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00789-00179111-00179257 that have some more questions I'm going
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00790-00179258-00179569 to ask this one now is I'd like you to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00791-00179570-00179887 think about what inspires you and what
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00792-00179888-00180184 has inspired you from your long history
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00793-00180185-00180403 in this space and and doing your work
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00794-00180404-00180613 and then how you're transferring that to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00795-00180614-00180850 the students and putting the students at
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00796-00180851-00181264 the center and mentoring them um it's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00797-00181265-00181453 kind of a two-part question but what
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00798-00181454-00181753 really inspires you or make right so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00799-00181754-00181981 we're toward making an impact right
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00800-00181982-00182086 because that's the main direction that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00801-00182087-00182248 we're asking what impact will you make
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00802-00182249-00182497 so what kind of inspired you kind of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00803-00182498-00182692 historically and then you know how your
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00804-00182693-00182866 how you're transferring that to your
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00805-00182867-00183067 students it's award making the impact
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00806-00183068-00183283 that you desire to make within the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00807-00183284-00183676 educational sphere ok question is five
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00808-00183677-00184195 words or less no o.o thinking about like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00809-00184196-00184495 inspiring like I don't like at a high
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00810-00184496-00184864 level it's like good teachers um I just
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00811-00184865-00185149 remember i tell my my students when I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00812-00185150-00185311 was an undergrad I changed majors eight
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00813-00185312-00185536 times because I was at the University
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00814-00185537-00185683 North Carolina and I was a very good
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00815-00185684-00185818 liberal arts school and I was like I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00816-00185819-00186022 seem to look for the good teachers and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00817-00186023-00186148 like those classes that really got you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00818-00186149-00186469 going in part of that was and you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00819-00186470-00186580 wouldn't see at the time had this great
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00820-00186581-00186727 program i'm not going to get the acronym
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00821-00186728-00187027 right it was like apples it stood for
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00822-00187028-00187144 something so i'm asking
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00823-00187145-00187263 make acronym but it was really about
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00824-00187264-00187479 social service connected to class work
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00825-00187480-00187650 it's like when you're in the when you're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00826-00187651-00187788 taking classes that were connected to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00827-00187789-00188025 the apples program that men you were
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00828-00188026-00188212 doing social work as well and in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00829-00188213-00188325 relation to the work you're doing in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00830-00188326-00188889 class um the thing that really so that
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00831-00188890-00189043 like got me going about how do you make
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00832-00189044-00189225 an impact how do you get involved um
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00833-00189226-00189472 like going way back I remember growing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00834-00189473-00189702 up I you know as a white male a very
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00835-00189703-00189997 privileged life I've had but my parents
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00836-00189998-00190423 were like books are free you can spend
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00837-00190424-00190774 you know your your luck allowance on
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00838-00190775-00190941 other stuff will take you to the library
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00839-00190942-00191088 will buy you a book a week and so I so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00840-00191089-00191331 like they always encouraged me to read
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00841-00191332-00191562 so I think that opened up worlds and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00842-00191563-00191806 what I try to do passing pulling them
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00843-00191807-00191959 both cases what I think what good
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00844-00191960-00192204 teachers do within a context it's like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00845-00192205-00192373 how do you tap into our innate curiosity
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00846-00192374-00192646 I think we're born curious and in some
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00847-00192647-00192847 ways the drudgery of modern life not you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00848-00192848-00193294 know beats curiosity out of us but the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00849-00193295-00193566 thing that I hope to pass on to students
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00850-00193567-00193812 moving forward is like this this passion
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00851-00193813-00194011 to want to make a difference a focus
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00852-00194012-00194170 that helps them sort of look for ways
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00853-00194171-00194328 that they feel like that's attainable as
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00854-00194329-00194640 opposed to they feel hopeless in some
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00855-00194641-00194944 ways um and this idea of like we talked
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00856-00194945-00195112 about is like a litter illiteracy of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00857-00195113-00195351 curiosity like how do you start feeling
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00858-00195352-00195525 really comfortable about things you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00859-00195526-00195723 don't know because you want to learn
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00860-00195724-00195934 particularly with our current crop of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00861-00195935-00196087 students are predicting very long
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00862-00196088-00196278 careers like a decade or two longer than
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00863-00196279-00196711 ours because of cost of living and their
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00864-00196712-00196929 life you know or probably expecting
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00865-00196930-00197269 these little longer than us um so I'm
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00866-00197270-00197490 imagining like if he looked five years
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00867-00197491-00197647 ago and somebody told you that virtual
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00868-00197648-00197797 reality was going to come back I would
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00869-00197798-00198085 have laughed cuz like why but now we're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00870-00198086-00198247 sure I always hot it's the biggest thing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00871-00198248-00198373 but 10 years from now it's gonna be
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00872-00198374-00198588 something else 20 years from now me
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00873-00198589-00198748 something we don't even know about and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00874-00198749-00198915 so our students are going to be
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00875-00198916-00199195 challenged and just unbelievable ways
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00876-00199196-00199372 about doing thing you know having jobs
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00877-00199373-00199522 that don't exist right now doing things
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00878-00199523-00199701 they haven't done before and if they
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00879-00199702-00199851 have that sort of like lifelong learning
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00880-00199852-00200103 skills and a just innate curiosity to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00881-00200104-00200316 understand and explore like their lives
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00882-00200317-00200536 are going to be full and fulfilling
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00883-00200537-00200719 that was why I hope for everyone it's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00884-00200720-00200818 like that you have something where you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00885-00200819-00201085 feel like you're fulfilling just like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00886-00201086-00201298 your needs your passions you know and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00887-00201299-00201481 the world itself like I think there's a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00888-00201482-00201748 lot of things to be said for service
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00889-00201749-00201850 like we're talking about now is like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00890-00201851-00202021 what can we do because I believe
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00891-00202022-00202132 education is the way you make a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00892-00202133-00202379 difference education is the way people
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00893-00202380-00202627 except you know more diverse
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00894-00202628-00202903 perspectives more you know we'd you know
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00895-00202904-00203077 from certain perspectives education
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00896-00203078-00203251 liberalise is people and that's horrible
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00897-00203252-00203500 but I think right I think it broadens
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00898-00203501-00203719 our horizons it opens us up and I so I
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00899-00203720-00203881 believe that's one of the most important
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00900-00203882-00204460 things well fantastic there is one more
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00901-00204461-00204628 question that we've got to ask you and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00902-00204629-00204873 just okay here so they're getting one's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00903-00204875-00205207 got a question about games sorry when we
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00904-00205208-00205381 when we think about games we often think
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00905-00205382-00205654 of platformers like Mario or mobile
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00906-00205655-00205890 games like Angry Birds what kinds of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00907-00205891-00206064 things have you encountered on the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00908-00206065-00206206 fringe that may or may not be
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00909-00206207-00206448 traditional games but might have the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00910-00206450-00206731 ability to build empathy or other kinds
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00911-00206732-00206932 of learning in players and what
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00912-00206933-00207151 strategies might you discuss with your
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00913-00207152-00207387 students that doesn't involve earning
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00914-00207388-00207709 points and badges I'm thinking in my
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00915-00207710-00208044 head yeah and a question in my head so
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00916-00208046-00208294 that's nice games like jingling idea
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00917-00208294-00208609 anyway um yeah because I think what's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00918-00208610-00208780 there couple wraps you could go with
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00919-00208781-00208941 that because I told like the idea of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00920-00208942-00209166 gamification almost makes me vomit in my
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00921-00209167-00209473 mouth sometimes um you know just
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00922-00209473-00209596 assigning points the things and getting
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00923-00209596-00209719 people to be you know chasing after
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00924-00209719-00209953 scores and stuff I was really more
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00925-00209954-00210190 inspired back in the day when we were
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00926-00210191-00210448 doing you media but no Nicole ping Kurds
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00927-00210448-00210631 work at her Digital youth network in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00928-00210632-00210942 Chicago where she talked about so it's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00929-00210944-00211102 out of school program with an inner-city
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00930-00211103-00211336 youth and she had this whole sort of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00931-00211337-00211564 leveling system and you leveled up
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00932-00211565-00211876 through your skills so that like level
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00933-00211877-00212059 twos and then she incentivized peer
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00934-00212060-00212266 mentoring to level two as part of your
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00935-00212267-00212448 job was to help level ones and Level 3's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00936-00212450-00212721 help level twos and so you watched it
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00937-00212723-00212863 just to encourage people to start
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00938-00212864-00213001 helping each other out and I was just
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00939-00213002-00213292 inspired by that but on certain types of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00940-00213292-00213417 games I think they're really interesting
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00941-00213419-00213814 to think about our collaborative type
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00942-00213815-00213883 games
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00943-00213884-00214063 that you see a lot more on board games
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00944-00214064-00214267 and necessarily video games you we're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00945-00214267-00214441 starting to see it a lot now to where
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00946-00214442-00214531 they're sort of cooperative
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00947-00214532-00214834 collaborative games out there like one
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00948-00214835-00215011 that comes to mind is pandemic the board
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00949-00215012-00215221 game which I highly recommend it's a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00950-00215221-00215348 board game where you've played together
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00951-00215350-00215608 against the board and basically an
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00952-00215609-00216025 algorithm of the deck of cards and so it
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00953-00216026-00216198 gets people talking and I love it like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00954-00216200-00216475 them there's like the difficult way to
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00955-00216476-00216610 play and that's where you're not allowed
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00956-00216611-00216904 to talk about your cards so you're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00957-00216905-00217119 really trying to strategize because
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00958-00217121-00217269 usually the easier ways where you talk
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00959-00217271-00217588 and I prefer that because we're we're
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00960-00217589-00217741 all talking together what's our strategy
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00961-00217742-00218019 on the board and so I think that gets at
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00962-00218021-00218271 some sort of like collaborative behavior
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00963-00218273-00218536 like things like mmos and some of the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00964-00218537-00218721 work constant Stein cooler did studying
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00965-00218723-00218935 like World of Warcraft and how people in
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00966-00218936-00219148 groups were enacting the scientific
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00967-00219148-00219396 method to explore the affordances of the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00968-00219398-00219862 game world and the last thing that comes
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00969-00219863-00220102 to mind are some of them unbelievably
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00970-00220103-00220351 complex lot of action role-playing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00971-00220352-00220542 experiences that are being designed a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00972-00220544-00220798 lot of it's coming out of Europe some of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00973-00220798-00221023 the nurses crazy one with Battlestar
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00974-00221023-00221464 Galactica um that what so it got people
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00975-00221465-00221623 together so they're enacting improv
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00976-00221623-00221782 skills where they're black boxing
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00977-00221783-00221980 character stuff they were showing up and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00978-00221981-00222123 getting into character for the weekend
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00979-00222125-00222364 so very communal activity happened and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00980-00222365-00222556 some people are using that type of like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00981-00222557-00222835 mixture of you know improv and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00982-00222836-00223092 performance with some rule sets that are
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00983-00223094-00223204 coming out of like a game type
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00984-00223205-00223426 environment to create things where you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00985-00223427-00223636 explore emotional things like a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00986-00223637-00223821 relationship like we had a group of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00987-00223823-00224014 students for games were changed last
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00988-00224015-00224356 year try to do a game on for the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00989-00224357-00224557 festival that was going to be an
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00990-00224558-00224680 interactive performance where the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00991-00224681-00224980 audience was putting in questions for
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00992-00224981-00225115 one character to ask the other and the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00993-00225116-00225253 whole idea was talking about gun
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00994-00225254-00225637 ownership and gun laws within the states
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00995-00225638-00225811 and so we were trying to use that as a
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00996-00225812-00225996 way to engender conversation and get
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00997-00225998-00226213 people talking and feeling engaged like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00998-00226214-00226405 to have an agency I think that's one of
+lfb-fbSf8PI-00999-00226406-00226567 the most powerful things about games and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01000-00226567-00226746 this is why students and kids find them
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01001-00226748-00226963 so compelling is you feel like you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01002-00226964-00227121 matter when you're playing a game your
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01003-00227123-00227230 actions and your
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01004-00227231-00227386 your abilities you feel like you have
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01005-00227387-00227578 this agency which sometimes school makes
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01006-00227579-00227755 you feel the exact opposite like you
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01007-00227756-00227929 have no agency over your day at no
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01008-00227930-00228223 agency or what are you doing I'm and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01009-00228223-00228367 sometimes life probably makes you feel
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01010-00228367-00228682 the exact opposite but I think that's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01011-00228683-00228910 like developing that muscle those sort
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01012-00228911-00229084 of like programming's not programming
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01013-00229085-00229384 problem solving skills so you feel like
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01014-00229385-00229534 you can tackle challenges that come your
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01015-00229535-00229741 way can solve something you know you can
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01016-00229742-00229879 figure it out you know you can ask for
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01017-00229880-00230011 help to that's another thing that's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01018-00230012-00230167 great learning to play in these
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01019-00230167-00230314 collaborative games it's like you don't
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01020-00230315-00230817 have to do it by yourself fantastic well
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01021-00230819-00230973 we want to thank you so much for taking
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01022-00230975-00231136 the time and spending with us and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01023-00231137-00231301 sharing your you know your wisdom and
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01024-00231302-00231658 your experiences your thing um we will
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01025-00231659-00231880 need to catch up at some point it has
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01026-00231881-00232102 what we seen you in February for the
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01027-00232103-00232315 Frog cub convention yeah that's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01028-00232316-00232546 definitely and and you're doing some
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01029-00232546-00232723 really really neat things so we're going
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01030-00232723-00232869 to appreciate you and thank you so much
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01031-00232871-00233260 and make sure you check out his twitter
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01032-00233261-00233587 feed I posted that and I've so lame it's
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01033-00233588-00233911 wetter I'm just saying it's like repost
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01034-00233912-00234517 Columbus yeah or check out his work at
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01035-00234517-00234865 CMU all right thanks a bunch thanks
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01036-00234866-00235063 everyone here I have a good one takes me
+lfb-fbSf8PI-01037-00235064-00235531 Thank You Jojo thanks Taylor why
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00000-00000011-00000302 the charles pinckney national historic
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00001-00000303-00000461 site as a unit of the united states
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00002-00000462-00000686 national park service preserving a
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00003-00000687-00000858 portion of charles pinckney Snee farm
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00004-00000859-00001162 plantation and country retreat the site
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00005-00001163-00001436 is located at 12:54 Long Point Road
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00006-00001437-00001776 Mount Pleasant South Carolina pink meat
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00007-00001777-00002084 1757 to 1824 was a member of the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00008-00002085-00002264 prominent political family in South
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00009-00002265-00002515 Carolina he fought in the American
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00010-00002516-00002771 Revolutionary War was held for a period
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00011-00002772-00002959 as prisoner in the north and returned to
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00012-00002960-00003269 the state in 1783 he served as a
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00013-00003270-00003374 delegate to the Constitutional
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00014-00003375-00003608 Convention where he contributed to
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00015-00003609-00003770 drafting the United States Constitution
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00016-00003771-00004015 he was elected to three non-consecutive
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00017-00004017-00004256 terms as governor of South Carolina and
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00018-00004257-00004451 as a member of the United States Senate
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00019-00004452-00004733 and the House of Representatives he was
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00020-00004734-00004870 appointed as president Thomas
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00021-00004871-00005104 Jefferson's minister to Spain after he
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00022-00005105-00005225 helped the candidate win the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00023-00005226-00005552 presidential campaign of 1800 the Snee
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00024-00005553-00005779 farm site was designated as a National
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00025-00005780-00006070 Historic Landmark in 1973 and was
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00026-00006071-00006290 designated a National Historic Site in
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00027-00006291-00006884 1988
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00028-00006884-00007373 topic setting
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00029-00007375-00007623 the Charles Pinckney National Historic
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00030-00007623-00007878 Site is located about 10 miles 16
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00031-00007879-00008094 kilometers northeast of Charleston South
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00032-00008095-00008394 Carolina on 25 acres 10 hectares of
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00033-00008395-00008598 Wando neck a peninsula formed at the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00034-00008599-00008772 confluence of the Wando and Cooper
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00035-00008773-00008823 rivers
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00036-00008824-00009111 the site has wooded and swampy areas on
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00037-00009112-00009279 the eastern and western parts of the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00038-00009280-00009495 property and a manicured grassy area
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00039-00009496-00009660 with ornamental plantings around the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00040-00009661-00009924 main house the property includes in
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00041-00009925-00010161 addition to the main house a barn corn
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00042-00010162-00010437 crib and caretakers residence a stone
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00043-00010438-00010662 Cenotaph was erected in the late 20th
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00044-00010663-00010845 century to commemorate Colonel Charles
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00045-00010846-00011058 Pinckney the father of governor Pinckney
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00046-00011059-00011238 who had acquired and developed Snee farm
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00047-00011239-00011544 as a rice and indigo plantation it may
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00048-00011545-00011745 have replaced an historic one installed
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00049-00011746-00012487 by the younger Pinckney about 1785
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00050-00012488-00012815 topic history
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00051-00012816-00012991 you
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00052-00012992-00013228 Snee farm was acquired by Colonel
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00053-00013229-00013522 Charles Pinckney in 1754 he developed
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00054-00013523-00013825 its 715 acres for the commodity crops of
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00055-00013826-00014089 rice and indigo he bequeathed it to his
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00056-00014090-00014406 son Charles who inherited it in 1782 the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00057-00014407-00014666 younger Pinckney used Snee farm is a
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00058-00014666-00014903 working plantation and Country Estate it
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00059-00014904-00015058 was conveniently accessible to
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00060-00015059-00015350 Charleston by boat until about 1816 when
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00061-00015351-00015511 he placed the property in trust to
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00062-00015512-00015788 settle debts the property was acquired
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00063-00015788-00016136 in 1817 by Francis G de leus Lines
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00064-00016137-00016391 who had it surveyed William Mathews
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00065-00016392-00016594 another Low Country planter but the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00066-00016595-00016909 property in 1828 he demolished the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00067-00016910-00017096 existing buildings and had a new main
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00068-00017097-00017291 house built that year apparently on the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00069-00017292-00017524 original site of the first foundations
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00070-00017525-00017800 Mathews also had other plantations and
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00071-00017801-00018128 held a total of 352 slaves indicating
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00072-00018129-00018286 that he owned thousands of acres
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00073-00018287-00018742 he owned Snee farm into 1848 the coastal
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00074-00018743-00018953 cottage at Snee farm is typical of its
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00075-00018954-00019139 time and representative of a vernacular
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00076-00019140-00019346 style for country living although it
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00077-00019347-00019547 also features some refined spaces for
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00078-00019548-00019790 entertaining it is rectangular and
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00079-00019791-00019981 planned with a side gable roof full
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00080-00019982-00020161 width front porch and a brick pier
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00081-00020162-00020405 foundation the interior features
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00082-00020406-00020603 elaborate molding paneling and other
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00083-00020604-00020933 decorative details a slave row of cabins
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00084-00020934-00021155 was built perpendicular to the main road
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00085-00021156-00021452 the 715 acre estate and its outbuildings
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00086-00021453-00021692 remained largely intact until the 1970s
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00087-00021693-00021922 when the owners subdivided it to profit
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00088-00021923-00022153 from development near Charleston the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00089-00022154-00022358 central portion of the historic estate
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00090-00022359-00022586 the house and 28 acres makes up the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00091-00022587-00022828 current site which was purchased in 1988
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00092-00022829-00023080 by preservationist s-- following the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00093-00023081-00023290 passage of enabling legislation by the
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00094-00023291-00023530 United States Congress the National Park
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00095-00023531-00023703 Service purchased the current site
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00096-00023704-00023936 because the site no longer has any
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00097-00023937-00024139 structures associated with the Pinkney's
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00098-00024140-00024334 details of their time on the property
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00099-00024335-00024511 are limited to archaeological and
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00100-00024512-00025112 documentary work
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00101-00025113-00025616 topic photos
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00102-00025617-00025983 you
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00103-00025985-00026537 topic see also
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00104-00026538-00026745 Gullah Geechee cultural heritage
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00105-00026745-00027033 corridor list of national historic
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00106-00027033-00027336 landmarks in South Carolina National
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00107-00027337-00027590 Register of Historic Places listings in
+lhK7EpAwLeQ-00108-00027591-00027875 Charleston South Carolina
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00000-00000319-00000599 this year has been extremely challenging
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00001-00000600-00001031 for me
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00002-00001032-00001574 i am broken
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00003-00001575-00001871 and i am healing
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00004-00001872-00002118 i'm here at the memorial world i wanted
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00005-00002119-00002367 to do something to remember my mom
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00006-00002368-00002631 for some reason i'm having anxiety
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00007-00002632-00002791 obviously it's normal with everything
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00008-00002792-00002983 that's going on right now i think
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00009-00002984-00003175 they're gonna take a break
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00010-00003176-00003286 for a while
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00011-00003288-00003454 you can get through it and if you can
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00012-00003455-00003583 get through it
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00013-00003584-00003751 there's a greater reward on the other
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00014-00003752-00003854 side
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00015-00003855-00004063 just like anybody else you know i'm just
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00016-00004064-00004191 trying to do my little part to try and
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00017-00004192-00004486 save my community
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00018-00004487-00004695 i'm just really excited we're back open
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00019-00004696-00004902 and i am smiling under my incredible
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00020-00004903-00005143 scenes of the day the fans came back
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00021-00005144-00005479 welcome back to the theater
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00022-00005480-00005822 you guys it's been so long
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00023-00005823-00005991 you're looking at yourself in the mirror
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00024-00005992-00006302 and you're just like there i am be your
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00025-00006303-00006678 best never ever ever stop dreaming i
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00026-00006679-00007023 don't care what they tell you
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00027-00007023-00007191 we the jury in the above entitled matter
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00028-00007192-00007398 as to count three find the defendant
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00029-00007400-00007910 guilty
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00030-00007911-00008191 we are not drowning we are fighting we
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00031-00008192-00008423 cannot keep quiet about climate
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00032-00008424-00008559 injustice
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00033-00008560-00008831 no action is too small we just have to
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00034-00008832-00009014 band together as a community and get
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00035-00009015-00009751 people's lives back
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00036-00009752-00010063 even as we grieved we grew that even as
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00037-00010064-00010374 we hurt we hoped that even as we tired
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00038-00010375-00010583 we tried that we'll forever be tied
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00039-00010584-00010948 together victorious
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00040-00010949-00011991 [Music]
+lm8Dxv3LqYy-00041-00011992-00012200 you
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00000-00000000-00000111 like the impossible because the
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00001-00000112-00000342 competition is smaller i go harder
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00002-00000343-00000495 it wasn't easy watch your kids grow up
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00003-00000496-00000695 without their father i said [__] trying
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00004-00000696-00000902 i'm skipping [__] in lunch lines come
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00005-00000903-00001087 to play my name is real g and i'm here
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00006-00001088-00001287 to stay they follow him because i paved
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00007-00001288-00001327 the way
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00008-00001328-00001470 if you don't like you should get paid to
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00009-00001471-00001671 hate my murder this dude going viral
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00010-00001672-00001791 when i came out with blue
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00011-00001792-00001998 i'm rolling on my mission or two money
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00012-00002000-00002175 stick to me i came with the glue she
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00013-00002176-00002391 ain't sneezed but i'm blessing her too
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00014-00002392-00002607 real let me inhale all this d then
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00015-00002608-00002847 exhale all the smoke this is my energy
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00016-00002848-00003063 hit every version i'm dope kamikaze how
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00017-00003064-00003175 my life was twisted
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00018-00003176-00003375 all natural she don't need no filter do
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00019-00003376-00003575 a dash when i'll deliver i'm taking
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00020-00003576-00003727 shots i ain't talking liver
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00021-00003728-00003990 we steady mobbing like i'm hearing put
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00022-00003992-00004095 some hearts on my wrist
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00023-00004096-00005511 titanic [__] we shaking [__] making
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00024-00005512-00005695 so bright born in the 90s i'm used to
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00025-00005696-00005822 these mice ain't nothing new
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00026-00005823-00006038 yeah i'm used to this hype bt man i'm
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00027-00006039-00006222 new to these lights and films cool i got
+m0kCFBlyrAY-00028-00006223-00006968 used to these like
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00000-00000003-00000209 what is up guys karma medic here and
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00001-00000210-00000428 welcome back to another dose so I forgot
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00002-00000429-00000626 to record an intro for part two of the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00003-00000627-00000839 you can abstract reasoning video so here
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00004-00000840-00000994 is karma medic from the future you guys
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00005-00000996-00001139 haven't seen part one already check out
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00006-00001140-00001262 the links in the description and I'll
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00007-00001263-00001427 leave a card somewhere up here watch
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00008-00001428-00001591 that video first before you watch part
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00009-00001592-00001742 two if you haven't seen my abstract
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00010-00001743-00001898 reasoning video from last year I'm sure
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00011-00001898-00002075 you'll find that useful as well if you
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00012-00002076-00002198 guys want to follow me on instagram you
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00013-00002199-00002390 can do so out karma medic don't forget
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00014-00002391-00002537 to like this video and subscribe to my
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00015-00002538-00002723 channel for more you cat content coming
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00016-00002724-00002924 soon and without further ado let's jump
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00017-00002925-00003089 straight to answering questions live on
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00018-00003090-00003329 camera alright we're doing great so far
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00019-00003329-00003533 we're doing great yes I like these
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00020-00003534-00003881 questions so this is do this as this is
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00021-00003882-00004100 to that what do we have here star half
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00022-00004101-00004394 star star two and a half stars becomes
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00023-00004395-00004715 one two three four five shapes maybe two
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00024-00004716-00004916 and a half stars becomes five total
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00025-00004917-00005141 shapes so maybe here we have one two
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00026-00005142-00005393 three four five six seven eight so this
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00027-00005394-00005609 needs to have four stars in it one two
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00028-00005610-00005993 three no one two three four alright so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00029-00005994-00006149 we have a bunch of half stars that make
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00030-00006150-00006406 up so my rule what I think is this is
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00031-00006408-00006569 two and a half stars two and a half
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00032-00006570-00006776 times two is five total shapes one two
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00033-00006777-00006970 three four five so here we have eight
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00034-00006972-00007117 shape so I would expect to see four
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00035-00007118-00007358 stars here so what I see here is one two
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00036-00007359-00007570 and then two halves here in two halves
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00037-00007572-00007767 here that make up a total of four I
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00038-00007768-00008017 think that's correct I don't have a
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00039-00008018-00008306 better rule and I've probably already
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00040-00008307-00008542 spent too much time so if I think I have
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00041-00008543-00008741 a rule I'm gonna go for it let's see if
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00042-00008742-00009106 I got it right correct let's go let's go
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00043-00009107-00009596 all right set a and set B so this is a
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00044-00009597-00009842 very oddly shaped set of patterns okay
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00045-00009843-00010052 so let's look at the gray squares one
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00046-00010053-00010448 four three three four four okay and here
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00047-00010449-00010963 we have 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 case
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00048-00010964-00011398 there's always eight gray things here
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00049-00011399-00011708 okay and we can see that this like
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00050-00011709-00011930 mushroom has the head at the top and the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00051-00011931-00012088 stalk at the bottom for all the ones
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00052-00012089-00012299 here whereas here the mushroom is like
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00053-00012300-00012473 upside down with the head at the bottom
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00054-00012474-00012626 and the thing at the top we have these
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00055-00012627-00012935 encasing lines which are either 1 1 2 3
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00056-00012936-00013024 4
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00057-00013025-00013303 two three four one two three four one
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00058-00013304-00013540 two three four five six seven okay so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00059-00013541-00013641 I'm not gonna worry about that
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00060-00013643-00013915 so look I probably don't have the full
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00061-00013916-00014107 sets of rules here but I believe I have
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00062-00014108-00014356 enough of the rule in order to come up
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00063-00014357-00014599 and answer these questions so this one
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00064-00014600-00014875 here the mushroom is from the top with
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00065-00014876-00015066 the stock down and it has two four six
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00066-00015068-00015301 eight in it so I'm gonna go with B this
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00067-00015302-00015505 one is sideways which doesn't have care
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00068-00015506-00015640 in either A or B so I'm gonna go with
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00069-00015641-00015969 neither this one is upside down similar
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00070-00015971-00016213 to a but it has two four six eight in it
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00071-00016213-00016363 which I know it doesn't have so I'm
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00072-00016363-00016740 gonna go with neither this one here is
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00073-00016741-00017029 the right way up like B and has two four
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00074-00017030-00017352 six eight so I'm gonna go with B and
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00075-00017353-00017587 this one is again similar to be about
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00076-00017588-00017944 two four two four six eight and nine so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00077-00017945-00018043 I'm gonna go with neither
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00078-00018044-00018256 alright so perfect I managed to score
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00079-00018257-00018544 five out of five on this even though I
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00080-00018545-00018778 didn't have the perfect rule so look the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00081-00018779-00018988 actual rule was sent a less than 5
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00082-00018989-00019183 squared dots in the shape sent B 8
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00083-00019184-00019425 squared dots in the upside-down shape so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00084-00019426-00019663 I had to set B rule down quite well but
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00085-00019664-00019843 set a I didn't have it perfect but I
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00086-00019844-00020011 kind of knew what was going on enough to
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00087-00020012-00020161 answer these questions so like I said
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00088-00020162-00020383 before I looked at these shapes I knew
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00089-00020384-00020527 that I probably didn't have the perfect
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00090-00020528-00020764 rule but this is such a time-based test
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00091-00020765-00020997 such a time heavy test that if you think
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00092-00020998-00021139 you have a decent rule if you think you
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00093-00021140-00021316 have at least half of the rule just go
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00094-00021317-00021514 for it you'll probably end up scoring 4
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00095-00021515-00021724 out of 5 or 5 out of 5 which figure
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00096-00021725-00021903 completes the series this should be easy
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00097-00021904-00022114 so there's always five in this dice like
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00098-00022115-00022264 thing let's go one step at a time you
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00099-00022265-00022525 see what's going on top left this arrow
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00100-00022526-00022678 here is pointing top left top right
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00101-00022679-00022906 bottom right bottom left so now we know
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00102-00022907-00023089 that this shape here has to point top
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00103-00023090-00023422 left so nope yes yes yes yes
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00104-00023423-00023625 a is eliminated so look at this one
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00105-00023626-00024264 right down left this is missing one here
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00106-00024265-00024562 right down left right no it's fine so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00107-00024563-00024697 this one needs to point to the top right
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00108-00024698-00025017 top right top right top right nope nope
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00109-00025018-00025228 so I know it has to be one of these two
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00110-00025229-00025425 so look at the middle one down up down
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00111-00025426-00025620 up so now when you speed down these are
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00112-00025622-00025825 both down so I can't eliminate let's
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00113-00025826-00026230 move on to this right no no no it's no
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00114-00026231-00026368 needs to be pointing both
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00115-00026369-00026595 left which is this one so I know it's C
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00116-00026597-00026854 so notice not all the arrows move at 90
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00117-00026855-00027013 degree increments some of them move at
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00118-00027014-00027082 45
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00119-00027083-00027214 but again just notice what's going on
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00120-00027214-00027391 one shape at a time and you should be
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00121-00027392-00027502 able to figure out the pattern quite
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00122-00027502-00027706 easily all right so another set a set B
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00123-00027707-00028145 question 1 diamond 1 square 2 diamonds
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00124-00028147-00028395 rectangle and here 2 diamonds one
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00125-00028397-00028636 rectangle okay so maybe we know that a
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00126-00028637-00028768 diamond is always present with a
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00127-00028769-00028837 rectangle
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00128-00028838-00029023 except it's not here so we know that's
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00129-00029024-00029206 not the case on the right hand side
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00130-00029207-00029558 maybe as this is on the left hand side
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00131-00029560-00029851 mm not really sure what's going on from
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00132-00029852-00030336 a slette me move on to B 3 4 2 3 4 5
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00133-00030337-00030676 okay here we have 4 and triangle 3 on
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00134-00030677-00030913 triangle for no triangle I'm gonna try
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00135-00030914-00031024 and look at it from a bird's eye view
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00136-00031025-00031237 not really like count anything but to
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00137-00031238-00031525 see the overall picture see if anything
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00138-00031526-00031768 comes to light generally I'm getting the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00139-00031769-00032068 vibe that the diamonds are more on the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00140-00032069-00032173 right-hand side here
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00141-00032174-00032326 whereas they're more on the left-hand
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00142-00032327-00032587 side here now clearly this is not the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00143-00032588-00032779 perfect rule because there's this
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00144-00032780-00033214 anomaly here let's see 2 4 6 2 4 6 2 4 6
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00145-00033215-00033457 2 4 2 2 4 6
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00146-00033458-00033921 please beyond here 2 4 5 2 4 5 2 4 5
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00147-00033922-00034270 okay so this is again a great example of
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00148-00034271-00034432 like getting overwhelmed with
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00149-00034433-00034651 information and them trying to confuse
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00150-00034652-00034855 me I was looking at the diamonds I was
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00151-00034856-00034987 looking at the triangles I was looking
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00152-00034988-00035158 at the shapes whereas it was so much
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00153-00035159-00035356 simpler it's just about hard versus even
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00154-00035357-00035509 total number of shapes so which of the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00155-00035510-00035644 following belongs and say hey I know
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00156-00035645-00036073 needs to be even so 2 4 6 boom so these
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00157-00036074-00036298 are must all be odd let's double check
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00158-00036299-00036637 to make sure 2 4 6 so what's the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00159-00036638-00036769 difference between these two then that
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00160-00036770-00036965 would make one of them fit into shape a
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00161-00036966-00037405 and to set a 2 to 2 here there's always
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00162-00037406-00037633 less diamonds than other shapes whereas
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00163-00037634-00037801 here there's always more diamonds than
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00164-00037802-00037951 other shapes so I'm gonna think that
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00165-00037952-00038155 that might also play a role so I'm gonna
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00166-00038156-00038437 go with this one first a % B I want it
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00167-00038438-00038758 to be odd so 3 here 2 4 6 and 3 here so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00168-00038759-00039213 3 3 but I want more diamonds than shapes
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00169-00039214-00039484 so here more diamonds than shapes would
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00170-00039485-00039541 be this one
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00171-00039542-00039775 wait did I do that right here No so for
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00172-00039776-00039949 say I want less diamonds than other
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00173-00039950-00040381 shapes so it'd be this one here set a so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00174-00040382-00040830 again I want less diamonds down shapes
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00175-00040831-00041092 so like this one and I want it to be
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00176-00041093-00041137 even
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00177-00041138-00041521 two four six seven so no two four six
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00178-00041522-00041836 seven so no three two four six and less
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00179-00041837-00042058 diamonds than shapes so that one there
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00180-00042059-00042244 now I want more diamonds in shapes and I
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00181-00042245-00042601 want to be odd so for no 2 4 6 no 2 for
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00182-00042602-00042769 no so it must be this one I don't even
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00183-00042770-00042889 have to check the other ones and then
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00184-00042890-00043330 finally I want less diamonds than shapes
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00185-00043331-00043719 and I want it to be even so nope nope
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00186-00043720-00043846 nope
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00187-00043847-00044149 2 4 6 less diamonds and shapes yes all
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00188-00044150-00044191 right
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00189-00044192-00044434 please be right wow that was a difficult
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00190-00044435-00044680 one I was a proper difficult one let's
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00191-00044681-00045162 see if I got it right
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00192-00045163-00045631 5 on 5 correct let's go now let's see if
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00193-00045632-00045829 I had the actual pattern down correctly
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00194-00045830-00046036 say a even number of shapes and there
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00195-00046037-00046252 are more or equal non diamond shapes and
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00196-00046253-00046462 diamonds so look I got the rule right it
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00197-00046463-00046636 took me a bit of time but I figured it
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00198-00046637-00046876 out very tricky magnified area treatment
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00199-00046877-00047080 let's keep going we're doing well which
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00200-00047081-00047275 figure completes this series nice I love
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00201-00047276-00047458 these ones because they're so simple so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00202-00047459-00047671 black here skips two spaces and goes
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00203-00047672-00047719 there
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00204-00047720-00047935 skips two spaces and goes there skips
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00205-00047936-00048223 two spaces and goes here over here so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00206-00048224-00048358 now I would expect it to be here so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00207-00048359-00048562 black needs to be in the last second to
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00208-00048563-00048751 last one great they knew that I would go
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00209-00048752-00048922 that first so even though I followed
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00210-00048923-00049159 this black square it's resulted in
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00211-00049160-00049291 nothing useful for me because all of
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00212-00049292-00049453 these shapes have the blacks were in the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00213-00049454-00049758 right place so now these stars
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00214-00049759-00050191 right left left blank left left right
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00215-00050192-00050571 double hmm interesting
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00216-00050572-00050875 where are these stars okay I'm not gonna
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00217-00050876-00050983 focus on the stars cuz I'm not sure
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00218-00050984-00051310 what's going on the striped one moves
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00219-00051311-00051691 again two spaces so again two space so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00220-00051691-00051871 they all seem to move two spaces the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00221-00051872-00052114 white one moves to again the cross one
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00222-00052115-00052371 moves to so they all move two spaces so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00223-00052372-00052755 what I want is gray here followed by
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00224-00052757-00052887 black
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00225-00052888-00053105 by striped so gray in the middle
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00226-00053106-00053378 followed by black followed by striped
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00227-00053379-00053631 which is the same as this one and they
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00228-00053632-00053821 have the white and the cross the same
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00229-00053822-00053959 which means now I have to figure out
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00230-00053960-00054105 what's going on with the stars in order
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00231-00054106-00054456 to distinguish these two shapes so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00232-00054457-00054729 bottom left star stays bottom left goes
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00233-00054730-00056446 right maybe two two two two so now I
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00234-00056447-00056607 would expect the bottom I want to go up
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00235-00056608-00056910 does that make sense and the bottom left
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00236-00056911-00057063 want to stay where it is it so it's
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00237-00057064-00057285 rotating like this like that's that's
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00238-00057286-00057537 thing then this is pivoting like that
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00239-00057538-00057711 and that's ting then this is pivoting
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00240-00057712-00057942 exam that's staying so yeah I'd expect
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00241-00057943-00058173 bottom left and top right okay so I
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00242-00058174-00058386 think it's this one wow that's a really
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00243-00058387-00058530 bad description of what's going on with
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00244-00058531-00058782 the Stars and but let's see if I have it
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00245-00058783-00058986 right it was kind of like one moves in
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00246-00058987-00059172 pivots and other one moves in pivots and
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00247-00059173-00059499 the other one moves in pivots it yeah
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00248-00059500-00059640 that's kind of confusing let's see if I
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00249-00059641-00059821 got it right okay I did so let's see if
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00250-00059822-00059971 they can explain it better than me the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00251-00059972-00060123 stars are bit more complicated in each
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00252-00060124-00060330 box only one star moves at a time that's
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00253-00060331-00060462 what I was talking about for example one
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00254-00060463-00060618 to the bottom left stars still in the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00255-00060619-00060790 top right star moves okay cool here's
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00256-00060791-00060922 the description if you want it next
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00257-00060923-00061065 question which figure completes the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00258-00061066-00061248 series black and white black and white
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00259-00061249-00061517 black and white black and white okay
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00260-00061518-00061743 white triangle black triangle white
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00261-00061744-00061996 triangle black triangle black square
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00262-00061997-00062256 white square black square white square
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00263-00062257-00062549 okay so colors are inverting every time
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00264-00062550-00062793 and then also the position of the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00265-00062794-00063069 triangle and the square is flipping from
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00266-00063070-00063354 top to bottom as well so what I want to
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00267-00063355-00063535 see in the final picture is a black
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00268-00063536-00063685 square on the bottom and a white
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00269-00063686-00064407 triangle on top great okay let's try
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00270-00064408-00064857 that again so then yeah okay I can also
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00271-00064858-00065103 see the square is moving down and then
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00272-00065104-00065259 it moves right and then moves up so now
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00273-00065260-00065469 I want to see a black square in the top
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00274-00065470-00065685 left such this one I don't even need to
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00275-00065686-00065787 check anything else
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00276-00065788-00065925 can move on you can see the black square
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00277-00065926-00066111 moves down here and then right and then
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00278-00066112-00066340 UPS and I need it to be left if you know
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00279-00066341-00066549 the pattern based on one object moving
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00280-00066550-00066735 and you know that's it just click it
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00281-00066736-00066819 just move on
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00282-00066820-00066997 next question let's go I know I've said
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00283-00066998-00067167 that a million times but I really want
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00284-00067168-00067309 to like I want to drill that into
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00285-00067310-00067494 everyone who's taking the u-cat it's
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00286-00067495-00067803 such a time constraint test the second
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00287-00067804-00067947 you think you have a pattern the second
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00288-00067948-00068100 you think you know what's going on trust
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00289-00068101-00068422 your gut and go with it set a three to
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00290-00068423-00068610 two for three
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00291-00068611-00068898 something something for three for one so
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00292-00068899-00069135 in set a in the top half there's more
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00293-00069136-00069322 dots than the bottom half so I'm
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00294-00069323-00069472 assuming in set B it's gonna be the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00295-00069473-00069705 opposite which it definitely seems to be
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00296-00069706-00069915 the case so that's what I'm gonna go
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00297-00069916-00070212 with gonna go with four now so this has
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00298-00070213-00070365 more on the top than on the bottom
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00299-00070366-00070560 that's gonna be a this has more on the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00300-00070561-00070785 top than the bottom it's gonna be a this
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00301-00070786-00070950 has more on the bottom than the top it's
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00302-00070951-00071172 gonna be B this has more on the bottom
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00303-00071173-00071353 than the top is gonna be B and this is
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00304-00071354-00071572 the same is gonna be B now having done
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00305-00071573-00071757 this really quickly I think that this
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00306-00071758-00071943 rule is a bit too simple for it to be
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00307-00071944-00072093 like that let's see three out of five
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00308-00072094-00072335 let's see what's going on oh my goodness
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00309-00072336-00072573 the total number of dots in the square
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00310-00072574-00072768 add up to prime numbers and there are
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00311-00072769-00072912 more dots in the top half of the square
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00312-00072913-00073155 the total number of dots add up to
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00313-00073156-00073344 square numbers now look let me say that
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00314-00073345-00073554 that is a really difficult pattern and I
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00315-00073555-00073704 think it would be quite difficult for
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00316-00073705-00073950 someone to figure that out in the short
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00317-00073951-00074088 period of time that you have to figure
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00318-00074089-00074284 these out as long as we found that there
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00319-00074285-00074410 was a difference in the number of
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00320-00074411-00074538 thoughts on the top and bottom half
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00321-00074539-00074700 we've managed to score the majority of
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00322-00074701-00074890 the points and I think that that's fine
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00323-00074891-00075034 all right I'm gonna do one more because
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00324-00075035-00075196 I want to end on a question where I get
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00325-00075197-00075397 a hundred percent so let's see what's
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00326-00075398-00075711 going on here we have two circles and a
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00327-00075712-00075948 triangle in each one the triangle is
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00328-00075949-00076272 rotating 45 degrees each time no no no
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00329-00076273-00076362 okay
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00330-00076363-00076623 and the circles are doing what moving
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00331-00076624-00076892 down moving up moving down moving up and
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00332-00076893-00077198 then moving left and moving right
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00333-00077199-00077544 correct yeah so now you can expect this
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00334-00077545-00077826 arrow to be pointing right down left up
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00335-00077827-00078123 so that is the first three a B or C and
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00336-00078124-00078357 then these dots so let's follow this
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00337-00078358-00078732 black one here it has moved down one
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00338-00078733-00079068 down to one right and so now I'm gonna
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00339-00079069-00079141 expect it to move
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00340-00079142-00079360 the bottom right so I so it's either A
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00341-00079361-00079633 or B and then the other circle over here
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00342-00079634-00080002 has moved up one then up one then left
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00343-00080003-00080200 one so left again which are both of
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00344-00080201-00080305 these and I need to figure out what's
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00345-00080306-00080548 going on with the colors so black gray
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00346-00080549-00080863 black gray so seems like if they're in
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00347-00080864-00081118 the corners they're black if they're not
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00348-00081119-00081451 in the corners they're gray so now I can
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00349-00081452-00081652 expect them to be black which they both
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00350-00081653-00081862 aren't great and then the triangle white
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00351-00081863-00082078 black white black I'm gonna expect it to
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00352-00082079-00082258 be white now so it must be this one all
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00353-00082259-00082399 right guys so that is where I'm gonna
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00354-00082400-00082573 call it for today I've been doing an
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00355-00082574-00082735 abstract reasoning questions for quite a
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00356-00082736-00082939 long time now I hope you guys have
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00357-00082940-00083104 managed to see my thought process in
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00358-00083105-00083275 this video how it is that I'm actually
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00359-00083276-00083497 thinking about the questions and as I go
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00360-00083498-00083644 through them what it is that I'm looking
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00361-00083645-00083860 for what it is that I'm using to exclude
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00362-00083861-00084067 certain answers and just my technique
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00363-00084068-00084229 and general thinking as I do the
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00364-00084230-00084433 questions live on camera if you guys
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00365-00084434-00084604 have enjoyed this video do leave a like
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00366-00084605-00084811 on it do subscribe to the channel to see
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00367-00084812-00085015 more UK count on medical school content
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00368-00085016-00085150 from me share this video with anyone
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00369-00085151-00085321 who's preparing for the you can't I'm
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00370-00085322-00085450 sure that they'll find it very helpful
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00371-00085451-00085639 you have any feedback I'll leave it in a
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00372-00085640-00085726 comment down below
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00373-00085727-00085915 good luck practicing for the UK and I'll
+m2UsL7rY5-g-00374-00085916-00086251 see you in the next video peace
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00000-00000215-00000342 oh
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00001-00000343-00000599 welcome to all of you
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00002-00000600-00000799 can i say good to see you again but but
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00003-00000800-00001023 uh i'm happy to know that you are behind
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00004-00001024-00001399 the screen uh thank you also uh to toshi
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00005-00001400-00001695 for this very impressive video
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00006-00001696-00001782 and
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00007-00001784-00002030 so i hope that you can see my
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00008-00002032-00002310 presentation and i think martin will uh
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00009-00002311-00002510 move on to the next slide
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00010-00002511-00002871 so please do so i will give a short
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00011-00002872-00003142 report about the present state
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00012-00003143-00003438 of chico's stuff what we did
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00013-00003439-00003719 since last year and it's almost one year
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00014-00003720-00003815 that we
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00015-00003815-00004095 were approved by you the chibos
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00016-00004096-00004367 coordinating board as the second chico's
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00017-00004368-00004599 affiliate after um
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00018-00004600-00004822 chico's japan
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00019-00004823-00005095 you all know that uh chico staff is a
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00020-00005096-00005335 basis and forum for chico's related
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00021-00005336-00005518 activities in the
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00022-00005519-00005711 region of germany austria and
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00023-00005712-00006031 switzerland in particular for chigos
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00024-00006032-00006295 related coordinated research and i will
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00025-00006296-00006606 give you some in input on that on the
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00026-00006608-00006831 next couple of slides we started a call
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00027-00006831-00007014 for participation
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00028-00007015-00007110 in
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00029-00007111-00007327 2021
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00030-00007328-00007639 with 19 expressions of interest from all
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00031-00007640-00007998 three countries um i informed you had
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00032-00008000-00008303 informed you about some intermediate
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00033-00008304-00008510 result during our
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00034-00008511-00008759 last coordinating board meeting we have
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00035-00008760-00009151 participation of all uh universities in
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00036-00009152-00009255 in
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00037-00009256-00009510 mostly all universities in this region
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00038-00009511-00009831 but also from research institutions and
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00039-00009832-00010414 national agencies like bkg bev and gfc
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00040-00010415-00010510 next
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00041-00010511-00010751 oh i can i do it there
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00042-00010752-00011078 it's an organization of a roundtable
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00043-00011079-00011446 of our german research foundation
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00044-00011447-00011687 which will take place
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00045-00011688-00011974 this week on thursday and friday in
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00046-00011975-00012359 munich with a participation of about 30
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00047-00012360-00012478 colleagues
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00048-00012479-00012774 and we will discuss coordinated research
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00049-00012775-00013255 proposal to advance chigos
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00050-00013256-00013407 it's good
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00051-00013408-00013486 and
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00052-00013487-00013703 toshi showed that it's a good exchange
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00053-00013704-00013975 in cooperation with chigos japan we
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00054-00013976-00014175 enjoy that very much we have a
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00055-00014176-00014503 presentation of uh chigo star activities
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00056-00014504-00014815 at the chico's japan meeting in march we
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00057-00014816-00015166 are planning to have joint proposal um
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00058-00015168-00015503 funded by our research uh funding
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00059-00015504-00015838 agencies and as to she mentioned if a
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00060-00015840-00016094 clear master student of mine is just
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00061-00016095-00016471 staying at gisi japan which was an
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00062-00016472-00017015 outcome of our previous discussions
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00063-00017016-00017255 we have a regular reporting to chico's
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00064-00017256-00017422 coordinating board to our national
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00065-00017423-00017663 geodetic commissions and i would like to
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00066-00017664-00018047 inform you that during our joint annual
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00067-00018048-00018183 meeting this
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00068-00018184-00018479 happens every five years and the next
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00069-00018480-00018775 one is this year in september there will
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00070-00018776-00018983 also be a joint
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00071-00018984-00019391 meeting on chigos to inform our national
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00072-00019392-00019711 geodetic commissions and to discuss
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00073-00019712-00019950 present outcomes and next activities
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00074-00019951-00020127 with them and of course we will also
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00075-00020128-00020399 participate in the next cheapest days in
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00076-00020400-00020686 munich
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00077-00020687-00020758 so
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00078-00020759-00021022 i already told you about the white paper
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00079-00021023-00021511 on geodesy 2030 meanwhile we developed
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00080-00021512-00021711 an english version which will be
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00081-00021712-00021967 available soon also to the international
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00082-00021968-00022103 community
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00083-00022104-00022271 and
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00084-00022272-00022607 one main line of research is about
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00085-00022608-00022886 geodetic observations and processing
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00086-00022887-00023086 chains
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00087-00023087-00023367 we have geodetic observatories and
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00088-00023368-00023727 networks on one hand and
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00089-00023728-00023863 we have
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00090-00023864-00024135 for example infrastructure of the
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00091-00024136-00024439 satellites please uh keep on um the
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00092-00024440-00024550 example
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00093-00024551-00024750 of grace and grace follow on is given
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00094-00024751-00025022 here so there are huge amounts of data
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00095-00025023-00025383 which need to be processed and analyzed
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00096-00025384-00025743 and in this case we have a close look at
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00097-00025744-00026031 the whole processing chain please please
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00098-00026032-00026167 next
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00099-00026168-00026462 yeah this is a symbolic
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00100-00026463-00026639 schedule for all the things which are
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00101-00026639-00026943 needed from the raw data to the the
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00102-00026944-00027183 final products and we would like to do
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00103-00027183-00027574 it in integrated way next slide please
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00104-00027575-00027831 this also holds for the earth system
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00105-00027832-00028062 processes and
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00106-00028063-00028446 for the related phenomena and
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00107-00028447-00028623 we have
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00108-00028624-00028895 visibility of the impact of the
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00109-00028895-00029174 different processes in several of our
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00110-00029175-00029414 observables and that's the second kind
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00111-00029416-00029718 of integration which we like one which
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00112-00029719-00029935 we would like to look at
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00113-00029936-00030199 next slide please
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00114-00030200-00030295 um
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00115-00030295-00030751 this is all embedded in uh the societal
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00116-00030752-00031118 challenges the societal impact of our
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00117-00031119-00031399 work and here the sustainable
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00118-00031400-00031558 development goals
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00119-00031560-00031879 serve as one really important example
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00120-00031880-00032231 but there are others as well
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00121-00032232-00032446 i do not want to go into detail there
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00122-00032447-00032767 you are all aware that geodesy plays an
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00123-00032768-00032951 important role in
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00124-00032952-00033199 monitoring the sustainable development
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00125-00033200-00033574 goals next slide please
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00126-00033575-00034062 um for round uh table uh discussion uh
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00127-00034063-00034487 concerning a potential dfg research unit
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00128-00034488-00034823 uh we identified as a working title
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00129-00034824-00035118 global geodetic earth system monitoring
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00130-00035119-00035574 2030 integrating methodologies facing
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00131-00035575-00035815 societal challenges
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00132-00035816-00036102 next click please
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00133-00036103-00036351 and our motivation are a couple of
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00134-00036352-00036630 keywords earth system but but also
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00135-00036631-00036871 digital twin then the global geodetic
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00136-00036872-00036967 frame
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00137-00036968-00037327 of reference innovative technologies but
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00138-00037328-00037662 also further development and enhancement
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00139-00037663-00038007 of infrastructure and please show the
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00140-00038008-00038159 final slide
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00141-00038160-00038367 as a whole just click
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00142-00038368-00038630 through the items then we can have a
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00143-00038631-00038918 look at it in total that's it
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00144-00038919-00039167 right this was the final one so we
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00145-00039168-00039511 identified six main topics we want to
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00146-00039512-00039846 have a look at the first one are mainly
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00147-00039847-00040127 about integration the consistent
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00148-00040128-00040359 combination of geometry in terms of
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00149-00040360-00040727 volume and gravity in terms of mass
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00150-00040728-00040990 including temporal variations
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00151-00040991-00041207 the effective combinations of the
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00152-00041208-00041487 different architecture level
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00153-00041488-00041727 of qigos observation
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00154-00041728-00042062 with the main focus on neo and leo
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00155-00042063-00042351 integration but we would also like
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00156-00042352-00042679 to to optimize or to to have studies on
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00157-00042680-00042935 the opsimi optimization of the observing
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00158-00042936-00043287 system including digital simulation on
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00159-00043288-00043646 the um
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00160-00043647-00043958 use of and embedding of innovative
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00161-00043959-00044230 technologies for example quantum
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00162-00044231-00044543 technologies but but also future
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00163-00044544-00044715 geodetic observation
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00164-00044716-00045007 infrastructure um
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00165-00045008-00045135 one
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00166-00045136-00045367 important issue is also the monitoring
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00167-00045368-00045567 of spatial geodetic reference frames
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00168-00045568-00045927 with respect to gravity and geometry in
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00169-00045928-00046239 near real time and we want to have an
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00170-00046240-00046702 interface to other disciplines it's a
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00171-00046703-00047151 methodological setup but of course with
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00172-00047152-00047455 recent developments in view in science
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00173-00047456-00047727 in technology but but also with
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00174-00047728-00048062 applications in various fields and today
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00175-00048063-00048311 just today is the deadline
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00176-00048312-00048686 for project proposals as a preparation
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00177-00048687-00048983 to the meeting on thursday and friday
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00178-00048984-00049167 and i'm sure that i
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00179-00049168-00049335 can give you some
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00180-00049336-00049679 substantial update the next time uh when
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00181-00049680-00049943 i will report to chico's coordinating
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00182-00049944-00050086 board but
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00183-00050087-00050462 we meanwhile we will
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00184-00050463-00050574 discuss
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00185-00050575-00050815 our incomes discuss
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00186-00050816-00051062 in personal meeting on thursday and
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00187-00051063-00051390 friday and then further prepare uh joint
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00188-00051391-00051654 research proposals so that's it from
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00189-00051655-00051982 chico staff at the moment thanks a lot
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00190-00051983-00052223 for listening and i'm happy to answer
+m4hyjd0KZi8-00191-00052224-00052547 your questions
+m4C7Rleel-I-00000-00000006-00000340 in probability theory and related fields
+m4C7Rleel-I-00001-00000341-00000614 a stochastic or random process is a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00002-00000615-00000877 mathematical object usually defined as a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00003-00000878-00001135 collection of random variables
+m4C7Rleel-I-00004-00001136-00001408 historically the random variables were
+m4C7Rleel-I-00005-00001409-00001667 associated with or indexed by a set of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00006-00001668-00001916 numbers usually viewed as points in time
+m4C7Rleel-I-00007-00001917-00002105 giving the interpretation of a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00008-00002106-00002312 stochastic process representing
+m4C7Rleel-I-00009-00002313-00002573 numerical values of some system randomly
+m4C7Rleel-I-00010-00002574-00002818 changing over time such as the growth of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00011-00002819-00003062 a bacterial population and electrical
+m4C7Rleel-I-00012-00003063-00003284 current fluctuating due to thermal noise
+m4C7Rleel-I-00013-00003285-00003583 or the movement of a gas molecule
+m4C7Rleel-I-00014-00003584-00003865 stochastic processes are widely used as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00015-00003867-00004081 mathematical models of systems and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00016-00004082-00004277 phenomena that appear to vary in a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00017-00004278-00004595 random manner they have applications in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00018-00004596-00004852 many disciplines including Sciences such
+m4C7Rleel-I-00019-00004853-00005118 as biology chemistry ecology
+m4C7Rleel-I-00020-00005119-00005356 neuroscience and physics as well as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00021-00005357-00005627 technology and engineering field such as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00022-00005628-00005849 image processing signal processing
+m4C7Rleel-I-00023-00005850-00006113 information theory computer science
+m4C7Rleel-I-00024-00006114-00006420 cryptography and telecommunications
+m4C7Rleel-I-00025-00006422-00006728 furthermore seemingly random changes in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00026-00006729-00006950 financial markets have motivated the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00027-00006951-00007223 extensive use of stochastic processes in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00028-00007223-00007466 finance applications and the study of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00029-00007467-00007694 phenomena have in turn inspired the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00030-00007695-00008002 proposal of new stochastic processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00031-00008003-00008282 examples of such stochastic processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00032-00008283-00008539 include the Wiener process or Brownian
+m4C7Rleel-I-00033-00008540-00008810 motion process used by Louis bachelier
+m4C7Rleel-I-00034-00008811-00009056 to study price changes on the Paris bus
+m4C7Rleel-I-00035-00009057-00009341 and the Poisson process used by a KO
+m4C7Rleel-I-00036-00009342-00009545 lang to study the number of phone calls
+m4C7Rleel-I-00037-00009546-00009817 occurring in a certain period of time
+m4C7Rleel-I-00038-00009818-00010121 these two stochastic processes are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00039-00010122-00010301 considered the most important and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00040-00010302-00010471 central in the theory of stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00041-00010472-00010742 processes and were discovered repeatedly
+m4C7Rleel-I-00042-00010743-00010963 and independently both before and after
+m4C7Rleel-I-00043-00010964-00011183 batch alia and Erlang in different
+m4C7Rleel-I-00044-00011184-00011410 settings and countries the term random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00045-00011411-00011633 function is also used to refer to a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00046-00011634-00011891 stochastic or random process because a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00047-00011892-00012083 stochastic process can also be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00048-00012084-00012310 interpreted as a random element in a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00049-00012311-00012635 function space the terms stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00050-00012636-00012866 process and random process are used
+m4C7Rleel-I-00051-00012866-00013085 interchangeably often with no specific
+m4C7Rleel-I-00052-00013086-00013330 mathematical space for the set the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00053-00013331-00013672 indexes the random variables but often
+m4C7Rleel-I-00054-00013673-00013891 these two terms are used when the random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00055-00013893-00014131 variables are indexed by the integers or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00056-00014132-00014411 an interval of the real line if the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00057-00014412-00014620 random variables are indexed by the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00058-00014621-00014819 Cartesian plane or some higher
+m4C7Rleel-I-00059-00014819-00015055 dimensional Euclidean space then the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00060-00015056-00015256 collection of random variables is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00061-00015257-00015499 usually called a random field instead
+m4C7Rleel-I-00062-00015500-00015824 the values of a stochastic process and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00063-00015825-00016058 not always numbers and can be vectors or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00064-00016059-00016273 other mathematical objects based on
+m4C7Rleel-I-00065-00016274-00016537 their mathematical properties stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00066-00016538-00016753 processes can be divided into various
+m4C7Rleel-I-00067-00016754-00017005 categories which include random walks
+m4C7Rleel-I-00068-00017006-00017119 martingales
+m4C7Rleel-I-00069-00017120-00017453 Markov processes Levy processes Gaussian
+m4C7Rleel-I-00070-00017454-00017689 processes random fields renewal
+m4C7Rleel-I-00071-00017690-00018028 processes and branching processes the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00072-00018029-00018283 study of stochastic processes uses
+m4C7Rleel-I-00073-00018284-00018481 mathematical knowledge and techniques
+m4C7Rleel-I-00074-00018482-00018797 from probability calculus linear algebra
+m4C7Rleel-I-00075-00018798-00019045 set theory and topology as well as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00076-00019046-00019294 branches of mathematical analysis such
+m4C7Rleel-I-00077-00019295-00019574 as real analysis measure theory Fourier
+m4C7Rleel-I-00078-00019575-00019930 analysis and functional analysis the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00079-00019931-00020153 theory of stochastic processes is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00080-00020154-00020308 considered to be an important
+m4C7Rleel-I-00081-00020309-00020515 contribution to mathematics and it
+m4C7Rleel-I-00082-00020516-00020711 continues to be an active topic of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00083-00020712-00020927 research for both theoretical reasons
+m4C7Rleel-I-00084-00020928-00022030 and applications topic introduction
+m4C7Rleel-I-00085-00022031-00022373 the stochastic or random process can be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00086-00022374-00022547 defined as a collection of random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00087-00022548-00022775 variables that is indexed by some
+m4C7Rleel-I-00088-00022776-00022967 mathematical set meaning that each
+m4C7Rleel-I-00089-00022968-00023183 random variable of the stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00090-00023184-00023441 process is uniquely associated with an
+m4C7Rleel-I-00091-00023442-00023759 element in the set the set used to index
+m4C7Rleel-I-00092-00023760-00024014 the random variables is called the index
+m4C7Rleel-I-00093-00024015-00024377 set historically the index set was some
+m4C7Rleel-I-00094-00024378-00024596 subset of the real line such as the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00095-00024597-00024845 natural numbers giving the index set the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00096-00024846-00025151 interpretation of time each random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00097-00025152-00025391 variable in the collection takes values
+m4C7Rleel-I-00098-00025392-00025631 from the same mathematical space known
+m4C7Rleel-I-00099-00025632-00025976 as the state space this state space can
+m4C7Rleel-I-00100-00025977-00026222 be for example the integers the real
+m4C7Rleel-I-00101-00026223-00026842 line or in display style n-dimensional
+m4C7Rleel-I-00102-00026843-00027194 euclidean space an increment is the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00103-00027195-00027443 amount that a stochastic process changes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00104-00027444-00027656 between two index values often
+m4C7Rleel-I-00105-00027657-00027907 interpreted as two points in time a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00106-00027908-00028163 stochastic process can have many
+m4C7Rleel-I-00107-00028164-00028414 outcomes due to its randomness and a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00108-00028416-00028643 single outcome of a stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00109-00028644-00028901 is called among other names a sample
+m4C7Rleel-I-00110-00028902-00029681 function or realization topic plus
+m4C7Rleel-I-00111-00029682-00030039 Suffocation's
+m4C7Rleel-I-00112-00030039-00030312 that stochastic process can be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00113-00030313-00030586 classified in different ways for example
+m4C7Rleel-I-00114-00030587-00030862 by state space its index set all the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00115-00030863-00031107 dependence among the random variables
+m4C7Rleel-I-00116-00031108-00031447 one common way of classification is by
+m4C7Rleel-I-00117-00031448-00031693 the cardinality of the index set in the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00118-00031694-00031951 state space when interpreted as time if
+m4C7Rleel-I-00119-00031952-00032139 the index set of a stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00120-00032141-00032427 has a finite or countable number of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00121-00032429-00032692 elements such as a finite set of numbers
+m4C7Rleel-I-00122-00032693-00032902 the set of integers or the natural
+m4C7Rleel-I-00123-00032903-00033151 numbers then the stochastic process is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00124-00033152-00033478 said to be in discrete time if the index
+m4C7Rleel-I-00125-00033479-00033690 set is some interval of the real line
+m4C7Rleel-I-00126-00033691-00034039 then time is said to be continuous the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00127-00034040-00034276 two types of stochastic processes are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00128-00034277-00034489 respectively referred to as discrete
+m4C7Rleel-I-00129-00034490-00034675 time and continuous time stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00130-00034676-00035005 processes the secrete time stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00131-00035006-00035281 processes are considered easier to study
+m4C7Rleel-I-00132-00035282-00035500 because continuous time processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00133-00035501-00035721 require more advanced mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-00134-00035722-00035899 techniques and knowledge particularly
+m4C7Rleel-I-00135-00035900-00036160 due to the index set being uncountable
+m4C7Rleel-I-00136-00036161-00036465 if the index said is the integers or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00137-00036466-00036679 some subset of them then the stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00138-00036680-00036940 process can also be called a random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00139-00036941-00037168 sequence if the state space is the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00140-00037169-00037393 integers or natural numbers then the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00141-00037394-00037642 stochastic process is called a discrete
+m4C7Rleel-I-00142-00037643-00038002 or integer valued stochastic process if
+m4C7Rleel-I-00143-00038003-00038251 the state space is the real line then
+m4C7Rleel-I-00144-00038252-00038496 the stochastic process is referred to as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00145-00038497-00038737 a real valued stochastic process or a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00146-00038738-00039094 process with continuous state space if
+m4C7Rleel-I-00147-00039095-00039660 the state space is in display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-00148-00039661-00039964 n-dimensional euclidean space then the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00149-00039965-00040392 stochastic process is called a in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00150-00040393-00040792 display style and dimensional vector
+m4C7Rleel-I-00151-00040793-00041346 process or in display style end
+m4C7Rleel-I-00152-00041347-00042467 vector process topic etymology
+m4C7Rleel-I-00153-00042468-00042760 the word stochastic in English was
+m4C7Rleel-I-00154-00042761-00042982 originally used as an adjective with the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00155-00042983-00043230 definition pertaining to conjecturing
+m4C7Rleel-I-00156-00043231-00043486 and stemming from a Greek word meaning
+m4C7Rleel-I-00157-00043487-00043855 to aim at a mark guess and the Oxford
+m4C7Rleel-I-00158-00043856-00044136 English Dictionary gives the year 1660
+m4C7Rleel-I-00159-00044137-00044451 to as its earliest occurrence in his
+m4C7Rleel-I-00160-00044452-00044733 work on probability I ask inject Andy
+m4C7Rleel-I-00161-00044734-00045048 originally published in Latin in 1713
+m4C7Rleel-I-00162-00045049-00045376 Jakob Bernoulli used the phrase ARS
+m4C7Rleel-I-00163-00045377-00045699 conject Andy scythe stochastics which
+m4C7Rleel-I-00164-00045700-00045958 has been translated to the art of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00165-00045959-00046320 conjecturing or stochastics this phrase
+m4C7Rleel-I-00166-00046321-00046579 was used with reference to Bernoulli by
+m4C7Rleel-I-00167-00046580-00046893 Ladislaus board kovitch who in 1917
+m4C7Rleel-I-00168-00046894-00047133 wrote in German the word stochastic with
+m4C7Rleel-I-00169-00047134-00047398 a sense meaning random the term
+m4C7Rleel-I-00170-00047399-00047632 stochastic process first appeared in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00171-00047633-00048093 English in a 1934 paper by Joseph do for
+m4C7Rleel-I-00172-00048094-00048285 the term and a specific mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-00173-00048286-00048657 definition Dube cited another 1934 paper
+m4C7Rleel-I-00174-00048658-00048942 where the term stochastic prose was used
+m4C7Rleel-I-00175-00048943-00049195 in German by Alexander khinchin though
+m4C7Rleel-I-00176-00049196-00049389 the German term had been used earlier
+m4C7Rleel-I-00177-00049390-00049782 for example by Andrey Kolmogorov in 1931
+m4C7Rleel-I-00178-00049783-00050040 early occurrences of the word random in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00179-00050041-00050232 English with its current meaning which
+m4C7Rleel-I-00180-00050233-00050449 relates to chance or luck date back to
+m4C7Rleel-I-00181-00050450-00050733 the 16th century while earlier recorded
+m4C7Rleel-I-00182-00050734-00050998 usages started in the 14th century as a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00183-00050999-00051318 noun meaning impetuosity great speed
+m4C7Rleel-I-00184-00051319-00051626 force or violence in writing running
+m4C7Rleel-I-00185-00051627-00052095 striking etc the word itself comes from
+m4C7Rleel-I-00186-00052096-00052392 a middle French word meaning speed haste
+m4C7Rleel-I-00187-00052394-00052699 and it is probably derived from a French
+m4C7Rleel-I-00188-00052700-00053134 verb meaning to run or to gallop the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00189-00053135-00053319 first written appearance of the term
+m4C7Rleel-I-00190-00053320-00053572 random process predates stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00191-00053573-00053766 process which the oxford english
+m4C7Rleel-I-00192-00053767-00053991 dictionary also gives us a synonym and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00193-00053992-00054229 was used in an article by frances
+m4C7Rleel-I-00194-00054229-00054935 Edgeworth published in 1888
+m4C7Rleel-I-00195-00054936-00055602 topic terminology the definition of a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00196-00055603-00055824 stochastic process varies but a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00197-00055825-00056046 stochastic process is traditionally
+m4C7Rleel-I-00198-00056047-00056216 defined as a collection of random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00199-00056217-00056577 variables indexed by some set the terms
+m4C7Rleel-I-00200-00056578-00056841 random process and stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00201-00056841-00057036 are considered synonyms and are used
+m4C7Rleel-I-00202-00057037-00057273 interchangeably without the index set
+m4C7Rleel-I-00203-00057274-00057592 being precisely specified both
+m4C7Rleel-I-00204-00057594-00057990 collection or family are used while
+m4C7Rleel-I-00205-00057991-00058352 instead of index set sometimes the terms
+m4C7Rleel-I-00206-00058353-00058797 parameter set or parameter space are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00207-00058798-00059190 used the term random function is also
+m4C7Rleel-I-00208-00059191-00059448 used to refer to a stochastic or random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00209-00059449-00059703 process though sometimes it is only used
+m4C7Rleel-I-00210-00059704-00059937 when the stochastic process takes real
+m4C7Rleel-I-00211-00059938-00060288 values this term is also used when the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00212-00060289-00060537 index sets are mathematical spaces other
+m4C7Rleel-I-00213-00060538-00060714 than the real line while the term
+m4C7Rleel-I-00214-00060715-00060969 stochastic process and random process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00215-00060970-00061185 are usually used when the index set
+m4C7Rleel-I-00216-00061186-00061428 interpreted as time and other terms are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00217-00061429-00061677 used such as random field when the index
+m4C7Rleel-I-00218-00061678-00062330 set is n display style n dimensional
+m4C7Rleel-I-00219-00062332-00063050 Euclidean space our n display style are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00220-00063051-00064192 at N or a manifold topic notation
+m4C7Rleel-I-00221-00064194-00064550 a stochastic process can be denoted
+m4C7Rleel-I-00222-00064551-00065653 among other ways by X T T element of T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00223-00065654-00066649 display style XT underscore t mt x t t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00224-00066650-00067223 element of t display style X underscore
+m4C7Rleel-I-00225-00067224-00068063 t underscore t mt x t display style X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00226-00068064-00068939 underscore T X T display style XT or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00227-00068940-00069985 simply as X display style X or X T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00228-00069986-00070871 display style XT although X T display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00229-00070872-00071273 style XT is regarded as an abuse of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00230-00071274-00072062 notation for example X T display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-00231-00072063-00073024 XT or X T display style X underscore T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00232-00073025-00073349 are used to refer to the random variable
+m4C7Rleel-I-00233-00073350-00074024 with the index T display style t and not
+m4C7Rleel-I-00234-00074025-00074363 the entire stochastic process if the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00235-00074364-00075344 index set is T equals 0 infinity display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00236-00075345-00075776 style T equals 0 empty then one can
+m4C7Rleel-I-00237-00075777-00075990 write for example
+m4C7Rleel-I-00238-00075991-00077034 X T t0 display style X underscore t TG e
+m4C7Rleel-I-00239-00077035-00078002 q0 to denote the stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00240-00078003-00078887 topic examples
+m4C7Rleel-I-00241-00078888-00079507 topic Bernoulli process one of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00242-00079508-00079754 simplest stochastic processes is the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00243-00079755-00080005 Bernoulli process which is a sequence of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00244-00080006-00080193 independent and identically distributed
+m4C7Rleel-I-00245-00080194-00080546 iid random variables where each random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00246-00080547-00080788 variable takes either the value one or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00247-00080789-00081341 zero say one with probability P display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00248-00081342-00081946 style P and zero with probability 1
+m4C7Rleel-I-00249-00081947-00082699 minus P display style 1p this process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00250-00082700-00082906 can be linked to repeatedly flipping a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00251-00082907-00083105 coin where the probability of obtaining
+m4C7Rleel-I-00252-00083106-00083786 a head is P display style P and it's
+m4C7Rleel-I-00253-00083787-00084059 value is 1 while the value of a tail is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00254-00084060-00084469 0 in other words a Bernoulli process is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00255-00084470-00084687 a sequence of iid Bernoulli random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00256-00084688-00084947 variables where each coin flip is an
+m4C7Rleel-I-00257-00084948-00085726 example of a Bernoulli trial topic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00258-00085727-00086160 random walk
+m4C7Rleel-I-00259-00086161-00086403 random walks are stochastic processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00260-00086404-00086634 that are usually defined as sums of iid
+m4C7Rleel-I-00261-00086635-00086925 random variables or random vectors in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00262-00086926-00087183 Euclidean space so they are processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00263-00087184-00087486 that change in discrete time but some
+m4C7Rleel-I-00264-00087487-00087753 also use the term to refer to processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00265-00087754-00087930 that change in continuous time
+m4C7Rleel-I-00266-00087931-00088182 particularly the Wiener process used in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00267-00088183-00088397 finance which has led to some confusion
+m4C7Rleel-I-00268-00088398-00088716 resolving in its criticism there are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00269-00088717-00088926 other various types of random walks
+m4C7Rleel-I-00270-00088927-00089181 defined so their state spaces can be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00271-00089182-00089391 other mathematical objects such as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00272-00089392-00089631 lattices and groups and in general they
+m4C7Rleel-I-00273-00089632-00089811 are highly studied and have many
+m4C7Rleel-I-00274-00089812-00090051 applications in different disciplines a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00275-00090052-00090303 classic example of a random walk is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00276-00090304-00090522 known as the simple random walk which is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00277-00090523-00090774 a stochastic process in discrete time
+m4C7Rleel-I-00278-00090775-00090999 with the integers as the state space and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00279-00091000-00091260 is based on a Bernoulli process where
+m4C7Rleel-I-00280-00091261-00091488 each Bernoulli variable takes either the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00281-00091489-00091833 value positive 1 or negative 1 in other
+m4C7Rleel-I-00282-00091834-00092106 words the simple random walk takes place
+m4C7Rleel-I-00283-00092107-00092352 on the integers and its value increases
+m4C7Rleel-I-00284-00092353-00092886 by 1 with probability say P display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00285-00092887-00093240 style P or decreases by 1 with
+m4C7Rleel-I-00286-00093241-00094151 probability 1 minus P display style 1p
+m4C7Rleel-I-00287-00094152-00094473 so index set of this random walk is the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00288-00094474-00094698 natural numbers while its state space is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00289-00094699-00095712 the integers if the P equals 0.5 display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00290-00095713-00096195 style P equals 0.5 this random walk is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00291-00096196-00096987 called a symmetric random walk topic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00292-00096988-00097397 Wiener process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00293-00097398-00097662 the Wiener process is a stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00294-00097663-00097916 process with stationary and independent
+m4C7Rleel-I-00295-00097917-00098109 increments that are normally distributed
+m4C7Rleel-I-00296-00098110-00098468 based on the size of the increments the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00297-00098469-00098712 Wiener process is named after Norbert
+m4C7Rleel-I-00298-00098713-00098931 Wiener who proved its mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-00299-00098932-00099194 existence but the process is also called
+m4C7Rleel-I-00300-00099195-00099407 the Brownian motion process or just
+m4C7Rleel-I-00301-00099408-00099672 Brownian motion due to its historical
+m4C7Rleel-I-00302-00099673-00099869 connection as a model for Brownian
+m4C7Rleel-I-00303-00099870-00100203 movement in liquids playing a central
+m4C7Rleel-I-00304-00100204-00100451 role in the theory of probability the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00305-00100452-00100674 Wiener process is often considered the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00306-00100675-00100905 most important and studied stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00307-00100906-00101100 process with connections to other
+m4C7Rleel-I-00308-00101101-00101462 stochastic processes its index said in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00309-00101463-00101693 state space are the non-negative numbers
+m4C7Rleel-I-00310-00101694-00101961 and real numbers respectively so it has
+m4C7Rleel-I-00311-00101962-00102176 both continuous index set and state
+m4C7Rleel-I-00312-00102177-00102509 space but the process can be defined
+m4C7Rleel-I-00313-00102510-00102803 more generally so its state space can be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00314-00102804-00103418 in display style n-dimensional euclidean
+m4C7Rleel-I-00315-00103419-00103742 space if the mean of any increment is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00316-00103743-00103953 zero then the resulting Wiener or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00317-00103954-00104214 Brownian motion process is said to have
+m4C7Rleel-I-00318-00104215-00104543 zero drift if the mean of the increment
+m4C7Rleel-I-00319-00104544-00104783 for any two point in time is equal to
+m4C7Rleel-I-00320-00104784-00105008 the time difference multiplied by some
+m4C7Rleel-I-00321-00105009-00105648 constant mu display style mu which is a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00322-00105649-00105846 real number then the resulting
+m4C7Rleel-I-00323-00105847-00106153 stochastic process is said to have drift
+m4C7Rleel-I-00324-00106154-00106754 mu displaced I'll Mew almost surely a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00325-00106755-00106995 sample path of a Wiener process is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00326-00106996-00107169 continuous everywhere but nowhere
+m4C7Rleel-I-00327-00107170-00107499 differentiable it can be considered as a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00328-00107500-00107718 continuous version of the simple random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00329-00107719-00108033 walk the process arises as the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00330-00108033-00108266 mathematical limit of other stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00331-00108267-00108503 processes such as certain random walks
+m4C7Rleel-I-00332-00108504-00108765 rescaled which is the subject of dantas
+m4C7Rleel-I-00333-00108766-00108996 theorem or invariance principle also
+m4C7Rleel-I-00334-00108997-00109211 known as the functional central limit
+m4C7Rleel-I-00335-00109213-00109454 theorem the Wiener process is a member
+m4C7Rleel-I-00336-00109455-00109698 of some important families of stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00337-00109699-00109940 processes including Markov processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00338-00109941-00110236 levy processes and Gaussian processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00339-00110238-00110514 the process also has many applications
+m4C7Rleel-I-00340-00110515-00110649 and is the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00341-00110650-00110856 mein stochastic process used in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00342-00110857-00111177 stochastic calculus it plays a central
+m4C7Rleel-I-00343-00111178-00111461 role in quantitative finance where it is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00344-00111463-00111702 used for example in the black schools
+m4C7Rleel-I-00345-00111703-00112068 modern model the process is also used in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00346-00112069-00112308 different fields including the majority
+m4C7Rleel-I-00347-00112308-00112530 of Natural Sciences as well as some
+m4C7Rleel-I-00348-00112531-00112735 branches of social sciences as a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00349-00112736-00112974 mathematical model for various random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00350-00112975-00114090 phenomena topic Poisson process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00351-00114091-00114367 the Poisson process is a stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00352-00114368-00114619 process that has different forms and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00353-00114620-00114922 definitions it can be defined as a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00354-00114923-00115132 counting process which is a stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00355-00115133-00115375 process that represents the random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00356-00115376-00115594 number of points or events up to some
+m4C7Rleel-I-00357-00115595-00115906 time the number of points of the process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00358-00115907-00116098 that are located in the interval from
+m4C7Rleel-I-00359-00116099-00116368 zero to some given time is a Poisson
+m4C7Rleel-I-00360-00116369-00116578 random variable that depends on that
+m4C7Rleel-I-00361-00116579-00116914 time and some parameter this process has
+m4C7Rleel-I-00362-00116915-00117133 the natural numbers as its state space
+m4C7Rleel-I-00363-00117133-00117379 in the non-negative numbers as its index
+m4C7Rleel-I-00364-00117380-00117706 set this process is also called the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00365-00117707-00117960 Poisson counting process since it can be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00366-00117961-00118213 interpreted as an example of a counting
+m4C7Rleel-I-00367-00118214-00118504 process if a Poisson process is defined
+m4C7Rleel-I-00368-00118505-00118732 with a single positive constant then the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00369-00118733-00118990 process is called a homogeneous Poisson
+m4C7Rleel-I-00370-00118991-00119365 process the homogeneous Poisson process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00371-00119366-00119590 is a member of important classes of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00372-00119591-00119827 stochastic processes such as Markov
+m4C7Rleel-I-00373-00119828-00120055 processes and levy processes the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00374-00120056-00120292 homogeneous Poisson process can be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00375-00120293-00120490 defined and generalized in different
+m4C7Rleel-I-00376-00120491-00120805 ways it can be defined such that its
+m4C7Rleel-I-00377-00120806-00121024 index set is the real line and this
+m4C7Rleel-I-00378-00121025-00121276 stochastic process is also called the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00379-00121277-00121594 stationary Poisson process if the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00380-00121595-00121789 parameter constant of the Poisson
+m4C7Rleel-I-00381-00121790-00121978 process is replaced with some
+m4C7Rleel-I-00382-00121979-00122415 non-negative integral function of T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00383-00122416-00122878 display style T the resulting process is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00384-00122879-00123070 called an inhomogeneous or non
+m4C7Rleel-I-00385-00123071-00123313 homogeneous Poisson process where the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00386-00123314-00123520 average density of point of the process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00387-00123521-00123850 is no longer constant survey is a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00388-00123851-00124096 fundamental process in queueing theory
+m4C7Rleel-I-00389-00124097-00124339 the Poisson process is an important
+m4C7Rleel-I-00390-00124340-00124591 process for mathematical models where it
+m4C7Rleel-I-00391-00124592-00124833 finds applications for models of events
+m4C7Rleel-I-00392-00124834-00125038 randomly occurring in certain time
+m4C7Rleel-I-00393-00125039-00125275 windows defined on the real line the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00394-00125276-00125521 Poisson process can be interpreted as a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00395-00125522-00125776 stochastic process among other random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00396-00125777-00126088 objects but then it can be defined on
+m4C7Rleel-I-00397-00126089-00126659 the in display style n-dimensional
+m4C7Rleel-I-00398-00126660-00126916 euclidean space or other mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-00399-00126917-00127191 spaces where it is often interpreted as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00400-00127192-00127279 a random set
+m4C7Rleel-I-00401-00127280-00127522 or a random counting measure instead of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00402-00127523-00127867 a stochastic process in this setting the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00403-00127868-00128136 Poisson process also called the Poisson
+m4C7Rleel-I-00404-00128138-00128344 point process is one of the most
+m4C7Rleel-I-00405-00128345-00128593 important objects in probability theory
+m4C7Rleel-I-00406-00128594-00128824 both for applications and theoretical
+m4C7Rleel-I-00407-00128825-00129121 reasons but it has been remarked that
+m4C7Rleel-I-00408-00129122-00129349 the Poisson process does not receive as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00409-00129350-00129580 much attention as it should partly due
+m4C7Rleel-I-00410-00129581-00129805 to it often being considered just on the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00411-00129806-00130011 real line and not on other mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-00412-00130013-00131596 spaces topic further examples topic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00413-00131597-00132223 markov processes and chains markov
+m4C7Rleel-I-00414-00132224-00132439 processes are stochastic processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00415-00132440-00132637 traditionally in discrete or continuous
+m4C7Rleel-I-00416-00132638-00132934 time that have the markov property which
+m4C7Rleel-I-00417-00132935-00133135 means the next value of the markov
+m4C7Rleel-I-00418-00133136-00133396 process depends on the current value but
+m4C7Rleel-I-00419-00133397-00133603 it is conditionally independent of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00420-00133604-00133780 previous values of the stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00421-00133781-00134155 process in other words the behavior of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00422-00134156-00134326 the process in the future is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00423-00134327-00134521 stochastically independent of its
+m4C7Rleel-I-00424-00134522-00134731 behavior in the past given the current
+m4C7Rleel-I-00425-00134732-00134992 state of the process the Brownian motion
+m4C7Rleel-I-00426-00134993-00135250 process in the Poisson process in one
+m4C7Rleel-I-00427-00135251-00135490 dimension of both examples of Markov
+m4C7Rleel-I-00428-00135491-00135721 processes in continuous-time while
+m4C7Rleel-I-00429-00135722-00135919 random walks on the integers in the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00430-00135920-00136156 gamblers ruin problem are examples of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00431-00136157-00136402 Markov processes in discrete-time a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00432-00136403-00136684 Markov chain is a type of Markov process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00433-00136685-00136921 that has either discrete state space or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00434-00136922-00137161 discrete index set often representing
+m4C7Rleel-I-00435-00137162-00137386 time but the precise definition of a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00436-00137387-00137752 Markov chain varies for example it is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00437-00137753-00137971 common to define a Markov chain as a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00438-00137972-00138217 Markov process in either discrete or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00439-00138218-00138427 continuous time with a countable state
+m4C7Rleel-I-00440-00138428-00138670 space that's regardless of the nature of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00441-00138671-00138892 time but it has been also common to
+m4C7Rleel-I-00442-00138893-00139138 define a Markov chain as having discrete
+m4C7Rleel-I-00443-00139139-00139363 time in either countable or continuous
+m4C7Rleel-I-00444-00139364-00139579 state space that's regardless of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00445-00139580-00139900 state space it has been argued that the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00446-00139901-00140149 first definition of a Markov chain where
+m4C7Rleel-I-00447-00140150-00140371 it has discrete time now tends to be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00448-00140372-00140413 used
+m4C7Rleel-I-00449-00140414-00140626 despite the second definition having
+m4C7Rleel-I-00450-00140627-00140659 been
+m4C7Rleel-I-00451-00140660-00140881 used used by researchers like Joseph
+m4C7Rleel-I-00452-00140882-00141145 Dube and Carl Ichan Markov processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00453-00141146-00141397 form an important class of stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00454-00141398-00141627 processes and have applications in many
+m4C7Rleel-I-00455-00141628-00141982 areas for example they are the basis for
+m4C7Rleel-I-00456-00141983-00142246 a general stochastic simulation method
+m4C7Rleel-I-00457-00142247-00142510 known as Markov chain Monte Carlo which
+m4C7Rleel-I-00458-00142511-00142750 is used for simulating random objects
+m4C7Rleel-I-00459-00142751-00142984 with specific probability distributions
+m4C7Rleel-I-00460-00142985-00143204 and has found application in Bayesian
+m4C7Rleel-I-00461-00143205-00143476 statistics the concept of the Markov
+m4C7Rleel-I-00462-00143477-00143707 property was originally for stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00463-00143708-00143964 processes in continuous in discrete time
+m4C7Rleel-I-00464-00143965-00144169 but the property has been adapted for
+m4C7Rleel-I-00465-00144170-00144646 other index sets such as in display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00466-00144647-00145002 style n-dimensional euclidean space
+m4C7Rleel-I-00467-00145003-00145249 which results in collections of random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00468-00145250-00146007 variables known as Markov random fields
+m4C7Rleel-I-00469-00146008-00146647 topic martingale the martingale is a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00470-00146648-00146845 discrete-time or continuous time
+m4C7Rleel-I-00471-00146846-00147090 stochastic process with the property
+m4C7Rleel-I-00472-00147091-00147298 that at every instant given the current
+m4C7Rleel-I-00473-00147299-00147532 value and all the past values of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00474-00147533-00147796 process the conditional expectation of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00475-00147797-00148018 every future value is equal to the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00476-00148019-00148357 current value in discrete-time if this
+m4C7Rleel-I-00477-00148358-00148585 property holds for the next value then
+m4C7Rleel-I-00478-00148586-00148936 it holds for all future values the exact
+m4C7Rleel-I-00479-00148937-00149154 mathematical definition of a martingale
+m4C7Rleel-I-00480-00149155-00149422 requires two other conditions coupled
+m4C7Rleel-I-00481-00149423-00149620 with the mathematical concept of a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00482-00149621-00149818 filtration which is related to the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00483-00149819-00150022 intuition of increasing available
+m4C7Rleel-I-00484-00150023-00150378 information as time passes martingales
+m4C7Rleel-I-00485-00150379-00150622 are usually defined to be real valued
+m4C7Rleel-I-00486-00150623-00150871 but they can also be complex valued or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00487-00150872-00151102 even more general a symmetric random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00488-00151103-00151312 walk and a wiener process with zero
+m4C7Rleel-I-00489-00151313-00151576 drift are both examples of martingales
+m4C7Rleel-I-00490-00151577-00151779 respectively in discrete and continuous
+m4C7Rleel-I-00491-00151780-00152154 time for a sequence of independent and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00492-00152155-00152625 identically distributed random variables
+m4C7Rleel-I-00493-00152626-00153730 x1 x2 x3 display style X underscore One
+m4C7Rleel-I-00494-00153731-00154143 X underscore two X underscore three dots
+m4C7Rleel-I-00495-00154144-00154414 with zero mean the stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00496-00154415-00154746 formed from the successive partial sums
+m4C7Rleel-I-00497-00154747-00157233 X 1 X 1 plus X 2 X 1 plus X 2 plus X 3
+m4C7Rleel-I-00498-00157234-00157537 display style X underscore 1 X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00499-00157538-00157837 underscore 1 plus X underscore 2 X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00500-00157838-00158176 underscore 1 plus X underscore 2 plus X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00501-00158177-00158548 underscore free dots is a discrete time
+m4C7Rleel-I-00502-00158549-00158917 martingale in this aspect discrete time
+m4C7Rleel-I-00503-00158918-00159148 martingales generalize the idea of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00504-00159149-00159346 partial sums of independent random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00505-00159347-00159628 variables martingales can also be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00506-00159629-00159871 created from stochastic processes by
+m4C7Rleel-I-00507-00159872-00160099 applying some suitable transformations
+m4C7Rleel-I-00508-00160100-00160282 which is the case for the homogeneous
+m4C7Rleel-I-00509-00160283-00160537 Poisson process on the real line
+m4C7Rleel-I-00510-00160538-00160771 resulting in a martingale called the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00511-00160772-00161134 compensated Poisson process martingales
+m4C7Rleel-I-00512-00161135-00161383 can also be built from other martingales
+m4C7Rleel-I-00513-00161384-00161674 for example there are martingales based
+m4C7Rleel-I-00514-00161675-00161860 on the martingale the Wiener process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00515-00161861-00162121 forming continuous-time martingales
+m4C7Rleel-I-00516-00162122-00162382 martingales mathematically formalized
+m4C7Rleel-I-00517-00162383-00162583 the idea of a fair game and they were
+m4C7Rleel-I-00518-00162584-00162784 originally developed to show that it is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00519-00162785-00163114 not possible to win a fair game but now
+m4C7Rleel-I-00520-00163115-00163303 they are used in many areas of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00521-00163304-00163507 probability which is one of the main
+m4C7Rleel-I-00522-00163508-00163825 reasons for studying them many problems
+m4C7Rleel-I-00523-00163826-00164044 in probability have been solved by
+m4C7Rleel-I-00524-00164045-00164275 finding a martingale in the problem and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00525-00164276-00164581 studying it martingales will converge
+m4C7Rleel-I-00526-00164582-00164806 given some conditions on their moments
+m4C7Rleel-I-00527-00164807-00164992 so they are often used to derive
+m4C7Rleel-I-00528-00164993-00165238 convergence results do you largely -
+m4C7Rleel-I-00529-00165239-00165415 martingale convergence theorems
+m4C7Rleel-I-00530-00165416-00165676 martingales have many applications in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00531-00165677-00165908 statistics but it has been remarked
+m4C7Rleel-I-00532-00165909-00166091 it's use and application are not as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00533-00166092-00166286 widespread as it could be in the field
+m4C7Rleel-I-00534-00166287-00166532 of statistics particularly statistical
+m4C7Rleel-I-00535-00166533-00166847 inference they have found applications
+m4C7Rleel-I-00536-00166848-00167090 in areas in probability theory such as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00537-00167091-00167327 queuing theory and palm calculus and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00538-00167328-00167534 other fields such as economics and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00539-00167535-00168704 finance topic levy process levy
+m4C7Rleel-I-00540-00168705-00168926 processes are types of stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00541-00168927-00169126 processes that can be considered as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00542-00169127-00169346 generalizations of random walks in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00543-00169347-00169646 continuous-time these processes have
+m4C7Rleel-I-00544-00169647-00169889 many applications in fields such as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00545-00169890-00170171 finance fluid mechanics physics and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00546-00170172-00170437 biology the main defining
+m4C7Rleel-I-00547-00170438-00170663 characteristics of these processes are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00548-00170664-00170861 their stationarity and independence
+m4C7Rleel-I-00549-00170862-00171026 properties so they were known as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00550-00171027-00171224 processes with stationary and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00551-00171225-00171557 independent increments in other words a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00552-00171558-00172225 stochastic process X display style X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00553-00172226-00172881 is a levy process if 4n display style n
+m4C7Rleel-I-00554-00172882-00174118 non negatives numbers 0 T 1 T n display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00555-00174119-00174565 style 0 l eq t underscore 1 l eq dots l
+m4C7Rleel-I-00556-00174566-00175227 eq t underscore n the corresponding n
+m4C7Rleel-I-00557-00175228-00176354 minus 1 display style n 1 increments X T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00558-00176355-00178785 2 minus X T 1 X T n minus 1 minus X T n
+m4C7Rleel-I-00559-00178786-00179125 display style X underscore t underscore
+m4C7Rleel-I-00560-00179126-00179497 2 X underscore t underscore 1 dots X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00561-00179498-00179851 underscore t underscore n 1 x underscore
+m4C7Rleel-I-00562-00179852-00180247 t underscore n are all independent of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00563-00180248-00180460 each other and the distribution of each
+m4C7Rleel-I-00564-00180461-00180690 increment only depends on the difference
+m4C7Rleel-I-00565-00180691-00180925 in time a levy process can be defined
+m4C7Rleel-I-00566-00180926-00181147 such that its state space is some
+m4C7Rleel-I-00567-00181148-00181404 abstract mathematical space such as a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00568-00181405-00181641 Banach space but the processes are often
+m4C7Rleel-I-00569-00181642-00181876 defined so that they take values in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00570-00181877-00182227 Euclidean space the index set is the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00571-00182228-00182970 non-negative numbers so I equals 0
+m4C7Rleel-I-00572-00182971-00183540 infinity display style I equals 0 empty
+m4C7Rleel-I-00573-00183541-00183888 which gives the interpretation of time
+m4C7Rleel-I-00574-00183889-00184159 important stochastic processes such as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00575-00184160-00184399 the Wiener process the homogeneous
+m4C7Rleel-I-00576-00184400-00184647 Poisson process in one dimension and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00577-00184648-00185372 subordinators are all levy processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00578-00185373-00185712 topic random field
+m4C7Rleel-I-00579-00185713-00186132 a random field is a collection of random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00580-00186133-00186766 variables index by a in display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-00581-00186767-00187071 n-dimensional euclidean space or some
+m4C7Rleel-I-00582-00187072-00187422 manifold in general a random field can
+m4C7Rleel-I-00583-00187423-00187650 be considered an example of a stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00584-00187651-00187926 or random process where the index said
+m4C7Rleel-I-00585-00187927-00188163 is not necessarily a subset of the real
+m4C7Rleel-I-00586-00188164-00188463 line but there is a convention that an
+m4C7Rleel-I-00587-00188464-00188718 index collection of random variables is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00588-00188719-00188961 called a random field when the index has
+m4C7Rleel-I-00589-00188962-00189278 two or more dimensions if the specific
+m4C7Rleel-I-00590-00189279-00189494 definition of a stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00591-00189495-00189791 requires the index set to be a subset of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00592-00189792-00190032 the real line then the random field can
+m4C7Rleel-I-00593-00190033-00190251 be considered as a generalization of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00594-00190252-00191381 stochastic process topic point process a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00595-00191382-00191673 point process is a collection of points
+m4C7Rleel-I-00596-00191674-00191943 randomly located on some mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-00597-00191944-00192440 space such as the real line in display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00598-00192441-00192827 style n dimensional Euclidean space or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00599-00192828-00193046 more abstract spaces
+m4C7Rleel-I-00600-00193047-00193344 sometimes the term point process is not
+m4C7Rleel-I-00601-00193345-00193553 preferred as historically the word
+m4C7Rleel-I-00602-00193554-00193785 process denoted an evolution of some
+m4C7Rleel-I-00603-00193786-00194046 system in time so a point process is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00604-00194047-00194376 also called a random point field there
+m4C7Rleel-I-00605-00194377-00194601 are different interpretations of a point
+m4C7Rleel-I-00606-00194602-00194847 process such a random counting measure
+m4C7Rleel-I-00607-00194848-00195195 or a random set some authors regard a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00608-00195196-00195432 point process and stochastic processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00609-00195433-00195669 to different objects such that a point
+m4C7Rleel-I-00610-00195670-00195902 process is a random object that arises
+m4C7Rleel-I-00611-00195903-00196152 from or is associated with a stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00612-00196153-00196398 process though it has been remarked that
+m4C7Rleel-I-00613-00196399-00196620 the difference between point processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00614-00196621-00196853 and stochastic processes is not clear
+m4C7Rleel-I-00615-00196854-00197097 other authors consider a point process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00616-00197098-00197313 as a stochastic process where the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00617-00197314-00197523 process is indexed by sets of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00618-00197524-00197733 underlying space on which it is defined
+m4C7Rleel-I-00619-00197734-00198170 such as the real line or in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00620-00198171-00198581 display style and dimensional Euclidean
+m4C7Rleel-I-00621-00198582-00198932 space other stochastic processes such as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00622-00198933-00199157 renewal and counting processes are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00623-00199158-00199909 studied in the theory of point processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00624-00199910-00200987 topic definitions topic stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00625-00200988-00201325 process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00626-00201326-00201652 but stochastic process is defined as a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00627-00201653-00201899 collection of random variables defined
+m4C7Rleel-I-00628-00201900-00202696 on a common probability space Omega F P
+m4C7Rleel-I-00629-00202697-00203277 display style Omega Maskull F P where
+m4C7Rleel-I-00630-00203278-00203897 Omega display style Omega is the sample
+m4C7Rleel-I-00631-00203898-00203971 space
+m4C7Rleel-I-00632-00203972-00204316 if display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-00633-00204317-00204958 maskull F is it Sigma display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-00634-00204959-00205802 Sigma algebra and P display style P is a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00635-00205803-00206023 probability measure and the random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00636-00206025-00206576 variables indexed by some set T display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00637-00206577-00206951 style T all take values in the same
+m4C7Rleel-I-00638-00206952-00207540 mathematical space yes display style s
+m4C7Rleel-I-00639-00207541-00207832 which must be measurable with respect to
+m4C7Rleel-I-00640-00207833-00208594 some Sigma display style Sigma algebra
+m4C7Rleel-I-00641-00208594-00209191 Sigma display style Sigma in other words
+m4C7Rleel-I-00642-00209192-00210004 for a given probability space Omega F P
+m4C7Rleel-I-00643-00210005-00210481 displaced our Omega Maskull FP and a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00644-00210482-00211110 measurable space this Sigma display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00645-00211111-00211546 style s Sigma a stochastic process is a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00646-00211546-00212088 collection of it yes display style s
+m4C7Rleel-I-00647-00212089-00212383 valued random variables which can be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00648-00212384-00213466 written as X T T element of T display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00649-00213467-00213969 style xt t mt historically in many
+m4C7Rleel-I-00650-00213971-00214198 problems from the Natural Sciences of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00651-00214198-00215112 point T element of T display style t mt
+m4C7Rleel-I-00652-00215113-00215869 had the meaning of time so X T display
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+m4C7Rleel-I-00655-00216723-00217198 display style T a stochastic process can
+m4C7Rleel-I-00656-00217198-00218176 also be written as X T Omega T element
+m4C7Rleel-I-00657-00218177-00218967 of T display style XT Omega T MT to
+m4C7Rleel-I-00658-00218969-00219148 reflect that it is actually a function
+m4C7Rleel-I-00659-00219148-00219979 of two variables T element of T display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00660-00219980-00220910 style T in T and Omega element of Omega
+m4C7Rleel-I-00661-00220911-00221377 display style Omega in Omega there are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00662-00221378-00221575 others ways to consider a stochastic
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+m4C7Rleel-I-00664-00221828-00222117 considered the traditional one for
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+m4C7Rleel-I-00668-00223423-00224341 where s T display style s caret T is the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00669-00224342-00224821 space of all the possible s display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00670-00224821-00225567 style s valued functions of T element of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00671-00225567-00226207 T display style T in T that map from the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00672-00226208-00227133 set T display style T into the space s
+m4C7Rleel-I-00673-00227134-00228325 display style s topic index set
+m4C7Rleel-I-00674-00228326-00228548 this said
+m4C7Rleel-I-00675-00228550-00229080 tea display style tea is called the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00676-00229081-00229292 index set or parameter set of the
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+m4C7Rleel-I-00678-00229623-00229866 some subset of the real line such as the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00679-00229867-00230088 natural numbers or an interval giving
+m4C7Rleel-I-00680-00230089-00230688 the set T display style T the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00681-00230689-00231012 interpretation of time in addition to
+m4C7Rleel-I-00682-00231013-00231564 these sets the index set T display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-00683-00231565-00231933 T can be other linearly ordered sets or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00684-00231934-00232191 more general mathematical sets such as
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+m4C7Rleel-I-00686-00232867-00233573 caret to or in display style n
+m4C7Rleel-I-00687-00233573-00233844 dimensional Euclidean space where an
+m4C7Rleel-I-00688-00233844-00234654 element T element of T display style t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00689-00234655-00235184 MT can represent a point in space but in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00690-00235185-00235407 general more results and theorems are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00691-00235408-00235641 possible for stochastic processes when
+m4C7Rleel-I-00692-00235642-00236454 the index set is ordered topic state
+m4C7Rleel-I-00693-00236455-00236809 space
+m4C7Rleel-I-00694-00236810-00237252 the mathematical space yes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00695-00237253-00237712 display style s of a stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00696-00237713-00237988 is called its state space its
+m4C7Rleel-I-00697-00237989-00238246 mathematical space can be defined using
+m4C7Rleel-I-00698-00238246-00238839 integers real lines in display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-00699-00238840-00239179 n-dimensional euclidean spaces complex
+m4C7Rleel-I-00700-00239180-00239425 planes or more abstract mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-00701-00239426-00239788 spaces the state space is defined using
+m4C7Rleel-I-00702-00239789-00239950 elements that reflect the different
+m4C7Rleel-I-00703-00239951-00240198 values that the stochastic process can
+m4C7Rleel-I-00704-00240200-00241204 take topic sample function
+m4C7Rleel-I-00705-00241205-00241600 a sample function is a single outcome of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00706-00241601-00241864 a stochastic process so it is formed by
+m4C7Rleel-I-00707-00241865-00242101 taking a single possible value of each
+m4C7Rleel-I-00708-00242102-00242292 random variable of the stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00709-00242294-00243371 process more precisely if X T Omega T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00710-00243373-00244084 element of T display style XT Omega T M
+m4C7Rleel-I-00711-00244085-00244480 T is a stochastic process then for any
+m4C7Rleel-I-00712-00244481-00245269 point Omega element of Omega display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00713-00245269-00246075 style Omega in omega the mapping X Omega
+m4C7Rleel-I-00714-00246076-00246885 T yes display style X cbot Omega T right
+m4C7Rleel-I-00715-00246886-00247288 arrow s he's called a sample function a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00716-00247289-00247760 realization or particularly when T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00717-00247761-00248227 display style T is interpreted as time a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00718-00248228-00248691 sample path of the stochastic process X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00719-00248692-00249798 T Omega T element of T display style XT
+m4C7Rleel-I-00720-00249800-00250319 Omega T in T this means that for a fixed
+m4C7Rleel-I-00721-00250321-00251065 Omega element of Omega display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-00722-00251066-00251482 Omega in Omega there exists a sample
+m4C7Rleel-I-00723-00251483-00251907 function that map's the index set T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00724-00251908-00252416 display style t to the state space
+m4C7Rleel-I-00725-00252417-00252967 yes display stylus other names for a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00726-00252969-00253171 sample function of a stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00727-00253173-00254007 include trajectory path function or path
+m4C7Rleel-I-00728-00254008-00254639 topic increment an increment of a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00729-00254640-00254852 stochastic process is the difference
+m4C7Rleel-I-00730-00254853-00255098 between two random variables of the same
+m4C7Rleel-I-00731-00255098-00255416 stochastic process for a stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00732-00255417-00255665 process with an index set that can be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00733-00255666-00255904 interpreted as time and increment is how
+m4C7Rleel-I-00734-00255905-00256166 much the stochastic process changes over
+m4C7Rleel-I-00735-00256167-00256896 a certain time period for example if X T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00736-00256898-00257800 T element of T display style XT T in T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00737-00257801-00258210 is a stochastic process with state space
+m4C7Rleel-I-00738-00258211-00259023 yes display style s and index set T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00739-00259025-00259787 equals 0 infinity display style T equals
+m4C7Rleel-I-00740-00259788-00260221 0 if T then for any two non-negative
+m4C7Rleel-I-00741-00260223-00261231 numbers T one element of 0 infinity
+m4C7Rleel-I-00742-00261232-00261578 display style T underscore one in 0
+m4C7Rleel-I-00743-00261579-00262785 empty and T 2 element of 0 infinity
+m4C7Rleel-I-00744-00262786-00263126 display style T underscore two in 0
+m4C7Rleel-I-00745-00263127-00264304 empty such that T 1 T 2 display style T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00746-00264305-00264773 underscore 1 le QT underscore 2 the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00747-00264774-00266189 difference X T 2 minus X T 1 display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00748-00266190-00266485 style X underscore t underscore two X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00749-00266486-00267103 underscore t underscore of 1 is a yes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00750-00267104-00267505 display style s valued random variable
+m4C7Rleel-I-00751-00267506-00267869 known as an increment when interested in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00752-00267870-00268321 the increments often the state space s
+m4C7Rleel-I-00753-00268322-00268751 display style s is the real line or the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00754-00268752-00269264 natural numbers but it can be n display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00755-00269265-00269669 style n-dimensional euclidean space or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00756-00269670-00269908 more abstract spaces such as Banach
+m4C7Rleel-I-00757-00269909-00271466 spaces topic further definitions topic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00758-00271467-00271771 law
+m4C7Rleel-I-00759-00271772-00272791 for a stochastic process X Omega s T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00760-00272792-00273167 display style X : Omega right arrow s
+m4C7Rleel-I-00761-00273168-00273556 carat T defined on the probability space
+m4C7Rleel-I-00762-00273557-00274496 Omega F P display style Omega Maskull F
+m4C7Rleel-I-00763-00274497-00275130 P the law of stochastic process X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00764-00275131-00275570 display style X is defined as the image
+m4C7Rleel-I-00765-00275571-00276827 measure mu equals P X minus 1 display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00766-00276828-00277156 style mu equals P Cirque X Charat minus
+m4C7Rleel-I-00767-00277157-00277868 1 where P display style P
+m4C7Rleel-I-00768-00277869-00278203 is a probability measure the symbol
+m4C7Rleel-I-00769-00278204-00278624 display style circ denotes function
+m4C7Rleel-I-00770-00278625-00279443 composition in X minus 1 display style X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00771-00279444-00279827 Charat minus 1 is the pre image of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00772-00279828-00280303 measurable function or equivalently the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00773-00280304-00280909 s/t display style s carat t valued
+m4C7Rleel-I-00774-00280910-00281647 random variable X display style X where
+m4C7Rleel-I-00775-00281648-00282446 s T display style s carat T is the space
+m4C7Rleel-I-00776-00282447-00283042 of all the possible s display style s
+m4C7Rleel-I-00777-00283043-00283819 valued functions of T element of T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00778-00283820-00284279 display style T in T so the law of a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00779-00284280-00284504 stochastic process is a probability
+m4C7Rleel-I-00780-00284505-00284965 measure for a measurable subset be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00781-00284966-00285845 displaced I'll B of s T display style s
+m4C7Rleel-I-00782-00285846-00286469 carrot t the pre image of X display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00783-00286470-00287139 style X gives X -
+m4C7Rleel-I-00784-00287140-00288264 one B equals Omega element of Omega X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00785-00288265-00289119 Omega element of B displaced ilex carrot
+m4C7Rleel-I-00786-00289120-00289515 minus 1 B equals Omega in Omega X Omega
+m4C7Rleel-I-00787-00289516-00290326 in B so the law of a X displaced I'll X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00788-00290327-00291427 can be written as mu B equals P Omega
+m4C7Rleel-I-00789-00291428-00292514 element of Omega X Omega element of B
+m4C7Rleel-I-00790-00292515-00292920 display style mu P equals P Omega in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00791-00292921-00293360 Omega X Omega in B the law of a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00792-00293361-00293637 stochastic process or a random variable
+m4C7Rleel-I-00793-00293638-00293852 is also called the probability law
+m4C7Rleel-I-00794-00293853-00294069 probability distribution or the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00795-00294070-00294884 distribution topic finite dimensional
+m4C7Rleel-I-00796-00294885-00295332 probability distributions
+m4C7Rleel-I-00797-00295333-00295946 for a stochastic process X display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-00798-00295947-00296224 eggs with law
+m4C7Rleel-I-00799-00296225-00296765 new display style new it's finite
+m4C7Rleel-I-00800-00296766-00296993 dimensional distributions that defined
+m4C7Rleel-I-00801-00296994-00299539 as mu T 1 T n equals P X T 1 X T n minus
+m4C7Rleel-I-00802-00299540-00299990 1 display style mu underscore t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00803-00299991-00300272 underscore one dots t underscore n
+m4C7Rleel-I-00804-00300273-00300644 equals P sir X T underscore of one dots
+m4C7Rleel-I-00805-00300645-00301150 X T underscore and carrot minus 1 where
+m4C7Rleel-I-00806-00301151-00301933 N 1 display style and geq 1 he's a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00807-00301934-00302597 counting number in each set T I display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00808-00302598-00302966 style t underscore I is a non-empty
+m4C7Rleel-I-00809-00302967-00303535 finite subset of the index set T display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00810-00303536-00304577 style T so each t I T display still ET
+m4C7Rleel-I-00811-00304578-00304930 underscore like subset T which means
+m4C7Rleel-I-00812-00304931-00305953 that T 1 T n display style t underscore
+m4C7Rleel-I-00813-00305954-00306422 one dots T underscore n is any finite
+m4C7Rleel-I-00814-00306423-00306895 collection of subsets of the index set T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00815-00306896-00307303 display style T for any measurable
+m4C7Rleel-I-00816-00307304-00308091 subset see displaced I'll see a V
+m4C7Rleel-I-00817-00308092-00308705 ehn display style n-fold Cartesian power
+m4C7Rleel-I-00818-00308706-00310128 s n equals s x times s display style s
+m4C7Rleel-I-00819-00310129-00310635 caret n equals s times dots times s the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00820-00310636-00310878 finite dimensional distributions of a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00821-00310879-00311586 stochastic process X display style X can
+m4C7Rleel-I-00822-00311587-00313073 be written as mu T 1 T and C equals P
+m4C7Rleel-I-00823-00313074-00314703 Omega element of Omega X T 1 Omega X T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00824-00314704-00315807 and Omega element of C display style new
+m4C7Rleel-I-00825-00315808-00316113 underscore t underscore 1 dots t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00826-00316114-00316506 underscore NC equals P big big Omega in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00827-00316507-00316857 Omega big X underscore t underscore one
+m4C7Rleel-I-00828-00316858-00317208 Omega dots X underscore t underscore n
+m4C7Rleel-I-00829-00317209-00317649 Omega big in see big big the finite
+m4C7Rleel-I-00830-00317650-00317844 dimensional distributions of a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00831-00317845-00318066 stochastic process satisfied to
+m4C7Rleel-I-00832-00318067-00318267 mathematical conditions known as
+m4C7Rleel-I-00833-00318268-00319040 consistency conditions topic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00834-00319041-00319596 stationarity stationarity is a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00835-00319597-00319821 mathematical property that a stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00836-00319822-00320037 process has when all the random
+m4C7Rleel-I-00837-00320038-00320277 variables of that stochastic process are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00838-00320278-00320592 identically distributed in other words
+m4C7Rleel-I-00839-00320593-00320717 if
+m4C7Rleel-I-00840-00320718-00321259 X display style X is a stationary
+m4C7Rleel-I-00841-00321260-00321732 stochastic process then for any T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00842-00321733-00322475 element of T display style T in T the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00843-00322476-00323153 random variable X T this playstyle X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00844-00323154-00323485 underscore T has the same distribution
+m4C7Rleel-I-00845-00323486-00323953 which means that for any set of and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00846-00323954-00325110 display style n index set values T 1 T n
+m4C7Rleel-I-00847-00325111-00325466 display style t underscore 1 dot t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00848-00325467-00326017 underscore in the corresponding in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00849-00326018-00327140 display style n random variables X T 1
+m4C7Rleel-I-00850-00327141-00327762 x:t in display style x underscore t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00851-00327763-00328026 underscore of 1 dot x underscore t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00852-00328027-00328344 underscore n all have the same
+m4C7Rleel-I-00853-00328345-00328686 probability distribution the index said
+m4C7Rleel-I-00854-00328687-00328935 of a stationary stochastic process is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00855-00328936-00329208 usually interpreted as time so it can be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00856-00329209-00329499 the integers or the real line but the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00857-00329500-00329658 concept of stationarity
+m4C7Rleel-I-00858-00329659-00329913 also exists for point processes and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00859-00329914-00330153 random fields where the index said is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00860-00330154-00330375 not interpreted as time when the index
+m4C7Rleel-I-00861-00330376-00331044 set t display style t can be interpreted
+m4C7Rleel-I-00862-00331045-00331329 as time a stochastic process is said to
+m4C7Rleel-I-00863-00331330-00331572 be stationary if it's finite dimensional
+m4C7Rleel-I-00864-00331573-00331758 distributions are invariant under
+m4C7Rleel-I-00865-00331759-00331923 translations of time
+m4C7Rleel-I-00866-00331924-00332235 this type of stochastic process can be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00867-00332236-00332448 used to describe a physical system that
+m4C7Rleel-I-00868-00332449-00332730 is in steady state but still experiences
+m4C7Rleel-I-00869-00332731-00333098 random fluctuations the intuition behind
+m4C7Rleel-I-00870-00333099-00333372 stationarity is that as time passes the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00871-00333373-00333534 distribution of the stationary
+m4C7Rleel-I-00872-00333535-00333845 stochastic process remains the same a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00873-00333846-00334140 sequence of random variables forms a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00874-00334141-00334377 stationary stochastic process if and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00875-00334378-00334572 only if the random variables are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00876-00334573-00334782 identically distributed a stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00877-00334783-00335019 process with the above definition of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00878-00335020-00335241 stationarity is sometimes said to be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00879-00335242-00335460 strictly stationary but there are other
+m4C7Rleel-I-00880-00335461-00335808 forms of stationarity one example is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00881-00335809-00336018 when a discrete time or continuous time
+m4C7Rleel-I-00882-00336019-00336706 stochastic process X display style X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00883-00336707-00336940 is said to be stationary in the wired
+m4C7Rleel-I-00884-00336941-00337200 sense then the process
+m4C7Rleel-I-00885-00337201-00337782 X display style X has a finite second
+m4C7Rleel-I-00886-00337783-00338580 moment for all T element of T display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00887-00338581-00338979 style T in T and the covariance of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00888-00338980-00339699 two random variables X T display style X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00889-00339700-00340084 underscore T and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00890-00340085-00341056 x t+ h display style X underscore t plus
+m4C7Rleel-I-00891-00341057-00341722 age depends only on the number H display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00892-00341723-00342682 style H for all t element of t display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00893-00342683-00343078 style t in t khinchin introduced the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00894-00343079-00343327 related concept of stationarity in the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00895-00343328-00343495 wide sense which has other names
+m4C7Rleel-I-00896-00343496-00343762 including covariance stationarity or
+m4C7Rleel-I-00897-00343763-00344560 stationarity in the broad sense topic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00898-00344561-00345124 filtration the filtration is an
+m4C7Rleel-I-00899-00345125-00345367 increasing sequence of Sigma algebra is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00900-00345368-00345619 defined in relation to some probability
+m4C7Rleel-I-00901-00345620-00345835 space and an index set that has some
+m4C7Rleel-I-00902-00345836-00346087 total order relation such in the case of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00903-00346088-00346312 the index set being some subset of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00904-00346313-00346621 real numbers more formally if a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00905-00346622-00346882 stochastic process has an index set with
+m4C7Rleel-I-00906-00346883-00347676 a total order then a filtration F T T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00907-00347677-00348181 element of T display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-00908-00348182-00348574 maskull F underscore t underscore t in t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00909-00348575-00349564 on a probability space Omega F P display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00910-00349565-00349681 style Omega
+m4C7Rleel-I-00911-00349682-00350170 maskull FP is a family of sigma-algebra
+m4C7Rleel-I-00912-00350171-00350616 such that if yes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00913-00350617-00351369 if T if display styled Maskull if under
+m4C7Rleel-I-00914-00351370-00351717 school s subsidy math ku F underscore t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00915-00351718-00352578 subsidy math ku F for all as t display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00916-00352579-00353315 style s le QT with teeth yes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00917-00353316-00354167 element of t display style t s in t and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00918-00354168-00354633 display style l eq denotes the total
+m4C7Rleel-I-00919-00354634-00355235 order of the index set t display style t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00920-00355236-00355545 with the concept of a filtration it is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00921-00355546-00355725 possible to study the amount of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00922-00355726-00355914 information contained in a stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00923-00355915-00356732 process X T display style X underscore t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00924-00356733-00357728 at t element of t display style t in T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00925-00357729-00358232 which can be interpreted as time T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00926-00358233-00358680 display style T the intuition behind a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00927-00358681-00359319 filtration F T display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-00928-00359320-00359996 maskull F underscore T is that as time T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00929-00359997-00360423 display style t passes more and more
+m4C7Rleel-I-00930-00360424-00361089 information on X T display style X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00931-00361090-00361500 underscore T is known or available which
+m4C7Rleel-I-00932-00361501-00361668 is captured in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00933-00361669-00362199 if tea display styled mathquill f
+m4C7Rleel-I-00934-00362200-00362592 underscore t resulting in finer and
+m4C7Rleel-I-00935-00362593-00363114 finer partitions of omega display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-00936-00363115-00364235 Omega topic modification the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00937-00364236-00364505 modification of a stochastic process is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00938-00364506-00364737 another stochastic process which is
+m4C7Rleel-I-00939-00364738-00364934 closely related to the original
+m4C7Rleel-I-00940-00364935-00365279 stochastic process more precisely a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00941-00365280-00365878 stochastic process X display style X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00942-00365879-00366465 that has the same index set T display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00943-00366466-00366989 style tea set space yes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00944-00366990-00367427 display style s and probability space
+m4C7Rleel-I-00945-00367428-00368444 Omega if P display style Omega cow FP
+m4C7Rleel-I-00946-00368445-00369075 has another stochastic process Y display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00947-00369076-00369518 style y is said to be a modification of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00948-00369519-00370670 y display style ye4 all t element of t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00949-00370671-00371690 display style t in t the following p x t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00950-00371691-00372412 equals y t equals
+m4C7Rleel-I-00951-00372413-00372868 one display style P X underscore t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00952-00372869-00373347 equals y underscore t equals one holds
+m4C7Rleel-I-00953-00373348-00373612 two stochastic processes that are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00954-00373613-00373819 modifications of each other have the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00955-00373820-00373984 same law and they are said to be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00956-00373985-00374224 stochastically equivalent or equivalent
+m4C7Rleel-I-00957-00374225-00374491 instead of modification the term virgin
+m4C7Rleel-I-00958-00374492-00374725 is also used however some authors use
+m4C7Rleel-I-00959-00374726-00374929 the term virgin wing to stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00960-00374930-00375166 processes have the same finite
+m4C7Rleel-I-00961-00375167-00375388 dimensional distributions but they may
+m4C7Rleel-I-00962-00375389-00375598 be defined on different probability
+m4C7Rleel-I-00963-00375599-00375829 spaces so two processes that are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00964-00375830-00376036 modifications of each other are also
+m4C7Rleel-I-00965-00376037-00376246 versions of each other in the latter
+m4C7Rleel-I-00966-00376247-00376450 sense but not the converse if a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00967-00376451-00376654 continuous-time real valued stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00968-00376655-00376942 process meets certain moment conditions
+m4C7Rleel-I-00969-00376943-00377059 on its increments
+m4C7Rleel-I-00970-00377060-00377296 then the Colnago off continuity theorem
+m4C7Rleel-I-00971-00377297-00377539 says that there exists a modification of
+m4C7Rleel-I-00972-00377540-00377773 this process that has continuous sample
+m4C7Rleel-I-00973-00377774-00377959 pars with probability 1
+m4C7Rleel-I-00974-00377960-00378145 so the stochastic process has a
+m4C7Rleel-I-00975-00378146-00378487 continuous modification or version the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00976-00378488-00378703 theorem can also be generalized to
+m4C7Rleel-I-00977-00378704-00379161 random fields so the index cities in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00978-00379162-00379585 display style n-dimensional euclidean
+m4C7Rleel-I-00979-00379586-00379780 space as well as two stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-00980-00379781-00380008 processes with metric spaces as their
+m4C7Rleel-I-00981-00380009-00381172 state spaces topic indistinguishable two
+m4C7Rleel-I-00982-00381173-00381721 stochastic processes X display style x
+m4C7Rleel-I-00983-00381722-00382507 and y display style Y defined on the
+m4C7Rleel-I-00984-00382508-00383374 same probability space Omega F P display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00985-00383375-00383485 style Omega
+m4C7Rleel-I-00986-00383486-00384132 maskull F P with the same index set T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00987-00384133-00384774 display style T and set space yes
+m4C7Rleel-I-00988-00384775-00385138 display style s I said be
+m4C7Rleel-I-00989-00385139-00385899 indistinguishable if the following P X T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00990-00385900-00387291 equals y T for all T element of T equals
+m4C7Rleel-I-00991-00387292-00387784 one display style P X underscore T
+m4C7Rleel-I-00992-00387785-00388135 equals y underscore t text for all T in
+m4C7Rleel-I-00993-00388136-00389082 T equals one holds if 2x display style X
+m4C7Rleel-I-00994-00389083-00389702 and why this playstyle why our
+m4C7Rleel-I-00995-00389703-00389904 modifications of each other and are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00996-00389905-00390441 almost surely continuous then X display
+m4C7Rleel-I-00997-00390442-00391218 style x and y display style y are
+m4C7Rleel-I-00998-00391219-00392345 indistinguishable topic separable ax t
+m4C7Rleel-I-00999-00392346-00392586 separable ax t is a property of a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01000-00392587-00392826 stochastic process based on its index
+m4C7Rleel-I-01001-00392827-00393033 set in relation to the probability
+m4C7Rleel-I-01002-00393034-00393360 measure the property is assumed so that
+m4C7Rleel-I-01003-00393361-00393597 functionals of stochastic processes or
+m4C7Rleel-I-01004-00393598-00393834 random fields with uncountable index
+m4C7Rleel-I-01005-00393835-00394179 sets can form random variables for a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01006-00394180-00394413 stochastic process to be separable in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01007-00394414-00394662 addition to other conditions its index
+m4C7Rleel-I-01008-00394663-00394893 set must be a separable space which
+m4C7Rleel-I-01009-00394894-00395094 means that the index set has a dense
+m4C7Rleel-I-01010-00395095-00395469 countable subset more precisely a real
+m4C7Rleel-I-01011-00395470-00395649 valued continuous time stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01012-00395650-00396309 process X displaced I legs with a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01013-00396310-00397152 probability space Omega F P display
+m4C7Rleel-I-01014-00397153-00397668 style Omega kal FP is separable if its
+m4C7Rleel-I-01015-00397669-00398352 index set T display style T has a dense
+m4C7Rleel-I-01016-00398353-00399015 countable subset u T this play style
+m4C7Rleel-I-01017-00399016-00399638 Youth subset T and there is a set Omega
+m4C7Rleel-I-01018-00399639-00399839 0
+m4C7Rleel-I-01019-00399840-00400298 Omega display style Omega underscore
+m4C7Rleel-I-01020-00400299-00400876 zero subset Omega of probability zero so
+m4C7Rleel-I-01021-00400877-00401959 P Omega zero equals zero display style P
+m4C7Rleel-I-01022-00401960-00402403 Omega underscore 0 equals 0 such that
+m4C7Rleel-I-01023-00402404-00403115 for every open set G T display style G
+m4C7Rleel-I-01024-00403116-00403878 subset T and every closed set if I
+m4C7Rleel-I-01025-00403879-00404726 equals minus infinity infinity display
+m4C7Rleel-I-01026-00404727-00405034 style F subset textile I equals empty
+m4C7Rleel-I-01027-00405035-00406059 empty the two events X T element of F
+m4C7Rleel-I-01028-00406060-00407069 for all T element of G you display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-01029-00407070-00407549 X underscore t i NF text for all T in G
+m4C7Rleel-I-01030-00407550-00408889 cap U and X T element of F for all T
+m4C7Rleel-I-01031-00408890-00409453 element of G display style X underscore
+m4C7Rleel-I-01032-00409454-00409939 T in F text for all T M G differ from
+m4C7Rleel-I-01033-00409940-00410224 each other and most on a subset of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01034-00410225-00410762 Omega zero display style Omega
+m4C7Rleel-I-01035-00410763-00411118 underscore of zero the definition of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01036-00411120-00411371 separable ax t can also be stated for
+m4C7Rleel-I-01037-00411372-00411641 other index sets and state spaces such
+m4C7Rleel-I-01038-00411642-00411863 as in the case of random fields where
+m4C7Rleel-I-01039-00411864-00412091 the index set as well as the state space
+m4C7Rleel-I-01040-00412092-00412689 can be in display style n-dimensional
+m4C7Rleel-I-01041-00412691-00412999 Euclidean space the concept of separable
+m4C7Rleel-I-01042-00413000-00413203 'ti of a stochastic process was
+m4C7Rleel-I-01043-00413204-00413438 introduced by Joseph Dube where the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01044-00413439-00413684 underlying idea is to make a countable
+m4C7Rleel-I-01045-00413685-00413926 set of points of the index set determine
+m4C7Rleel-I-01046-00413927-00414166 the properties of the stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01047-00414167-00414505 any stochastic process with a countable
+m4C7Rleel-I-01048-00414506-00414751 index set already meets the separable ax
+m4C7Rleel-I-01049-00414752-00414989 T conditions so discrete-time stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01050-00414989-00415367 processes are always separable a theorem
+m4C7Rleel-I-01051-00415368-00415664 by two sometimes known as Dube separable
+m4C7Rleel-I-01052-00415664-00415903 ax T theorem says that any real valued
+m4C7Rleel-I-01053-00415904-00416155 continuous time stochastic process has a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01054-00416156-00416497 separable modification versions of this
+m4C7Rleel-I-01055-00416498-00416722 theorem also exist for more general
+m4C7Rleel-I-01056-00416723-00417010 stochastic processes with index sets and
+m4C7Rleel-I-01057-00417012-00417697 state spaces other than the real line
+m4C7Rleel-I-01058-00417697-00418346 topic independence two stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01059-00418347-00418916 processes X display style X
+m4C7Rleel-I-01060-00418917-00419606 and why display style why defined on the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01061-00419607-00420337 same probability space Omega F P
+m4C7Rleel-I-01062-00420338-00420845 displaced R Omega Maskull FP with the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01063-00420846-00421539 same index set T display style t I said
+m4C7Rleel-I-01064-00421539-00422027 be independent if for all and element of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01065-00422028-00422550 it and display style and in math bound N
+m4C7Rleel-I-01066-00422551-00423602 and for every choice of epochs T 1 T and
+m4C7Rleel-I-01067-00423603-00424193 element of T display style T underscore
+m4C7Rleel-I-01068-00424194-00424689 one L dot T underscore n in T the random
+m4C7Rleel-I-01069-00424689-00426050 vectors X T 1 X T in this play style
+m4C7Rleel-I-01070-00426051-00426414 left X T underscore of one L dots X T
+m4C7Rleel-I-01071-00426414-00427372 underscore end right and y t1
+m4C7Rleel-I-01072-00427373-00428151 why t/n display style left white t
+m4C7Rleel-I-01073-00428152-00428505 underscore one L dots YT underscore n
+m4C7Rleel-I-01074-00428506-00429429 right our independent topic uncorrelated
+m4C7Rleel-I-01075-00429430-00430520 miss to stochastic processes X T display
+m4C7Rleel-I-01076-00430521-00431164 style left X underscore t right and why
+m4C7Rleel-I-01077-00431165-00431682 T display style left y underscore t
+m4C7Rleel-I-01078-00431683-00431760 right
+m4C7Rleel-I-01079-00431760-00432068 I pulled uncorrelated if they're cross
+m4C7Rleel-I-01080-00432069-00434054 covariance okay x y t 1 t 2 equals e x t
+m4C7Rleel-I-01081-00434055-00435927 1 minus mu X T 1 y T 2 minus
+m4C7Rleel-I-01082-00435928-00436821 mu Y T to display style opera tour name
+m4C7Rleel-I-01083-00436822-00437253 K underscore of math BFX math bfy t
+m4C7Rleel-I-01084-00437254-00437559 underscore one t underscore 2 equals
+m4C7Rleel-I-01085-00437560-00437838 opera tour named be left lift xt
+m4C7Rleel-I-01086-00437839-00438110 underscore of one new underscore X T
+m4C7Rleel-I-01087-00438112-00438351 underscore of one right left YTO
+m4C7Rleel-I-01088-00438352-00438605 underscore two new underscore of YT
+m4C7Rleel-I-01089-00438606-00438857 underscore - right right
+m4C7Rleel-I-01090-00438858-00440014 he's 0 for all x formerly X T Y T
+m4C7Rleel-I-01091-00440016-00441941 uncorrelated K X Y T 1 T 2 equals 0 T 1
+m4C7Rleel-I-01092-00441942-00442767 T 2 display star left X underscore t
+m4C7Rleel-I-01093-00442768-00442866 right left
+m4C7Rleel-I-01094-00442867-00443154 y underscore t write text uncorrelated
+m4C7Rleel-I-01095-00443155-00443564 quad iff quad opera don MK underscore of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01096-00443566-00444009 math be FX math BF y t underscore 1 t
+m4C7Rleel-I-01097-00444010-00444204 underscore 2 equals 0
+m4C7Rleel-I-01098-00444205-00444525 quad for all t underscore 1 t underscore
+m4C7Rleel-I-01099-00444526-00445326 2 topic independence implies
+m4C7Rleel-I-01100-00445327-00445714 uncorrelated miss
+m4C7Rleel-I-01101-00445714-00446333 if two stochastic processes X displaced
+m4C7Rleel-I-01102-00446334-00447085 our legs and why this playstyle why
+m4C7Rleel-I-01103-00447085-00447266 independent then they are also
+m4C7Rleel-I-01104-00447267-00448418 uncorrelated topic orthogonality to
+m4C7Rleel-I-01105-00448418-00449117 stochastic processes X T display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-01106-00449118-00449920 left X underscore t right and y t
+m4C7Rleel-I-01107-00449921-00450284 display style left y underscore t right
+m4C7Rleel-I-01108-00450285-00450602 a called orthogonal if their cross
+m4C7Rleel-I-01109-00450603-00452962 correlation x y t1 t2 equals the xt-1
+m4C7Rleel-I-01110-00452963-00453293 yt2
+m4C7Rleel-I-01111-00453293-00453558 display style operable name bar
+m4C7Rleel-I-01112-00453559-00453920 underscore math VFX math BF whitey
+m4C7Rleel-I-01113-00453921-00454245 underscore of won t underscore 2 equals
+m4C7Rleel-I-01114-00454246-00454545 opera tour name e xt underscore of one
+m4C7Rleel-I-01115-00454546-00455016 overlined YT underscore 2 is 0 for all
+m4C7Rleel-I-01116-00455017-00456680 times for Lily X T Y T orthogonal ah X Y
+m4C7Rleel-I-01117-00456681-00458580 T 1 T 2 equals 0 T 1 T 2 display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-01118-00458581-00458858 left X underscore t right left y
+m4C7Rleel-I-01119-00458859-00459174 underscore t write text orthogonal quad
+m4C7Rleel-I-01120-00459175-00459558 iff quad opera tour name underscore math
+m4C7Rleel-I-01121-00459559-00459975 BF x math BF y t underscore one t
+m4C7Rleel-I-01122-00459976-00460262 underscore two equals zero quad for all
+m4C7Rleel-I-01123-00460263-00461133 t underscore 1 t underscore two topic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01124-00461134-00461751 score o code space a scorer code space
+m4C7Rleel-I-01125-00461752-00462018 also written as score odd space is a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01126-00462018-00462255 mathematical space of all the functions
+m4C7Rleel-I-01127-00462256-00462437 that are right continuous with left
+m4C7Rleel-I-01128-00462438-00462668 limits defined on some interval of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01129-00462669-00463481 real lines such as 0 1 display star 0 1
+m4C7Rleel-I-01130-00463482-00464306 or 0 infinity display star zero empty
+m4C7Rleel-I-01131-00464307-00464700 and take values on the real line or on
+m4C7Rleel-I-01132-00464701-00465035 some metric space such functions are
+m4C7Rleel-I-01133-00465036-00465266 known as Cadillac or Cadillac functions
+m4C7Rleel-I-01134-00465267-00465453 based on the acronym of the French
+m4C7Rleel-I-01135-00465454-00465720 expression continue adroid limit a a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01136-00465721-00465945 gauche due to the functions being right
+m4C7Rleel-I-01137-00465946-00466166 continuous with left limits
+m4C7Rleel-I-01138-00466167-00466476 a score Oh Cod function space introduced
+m4C7Rleel-I-01139-00466477-00466745 by Anatoly score Oh Cod is often denoted
+m4C7Rleel-I-01140-00466746-00467427 with the letter D display style D so the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01141-00467428-00467652 function space is also referred to as
+m4C7Rleel-I-01142-00467653-00468357 space D display style D the notation of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01143-00468358-00468600 this function space can also include the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01144-00468601-00468777 interval on which all the CAD lag
+m4C7Rleel-I-01145-00468778-00469439 functions are defined so for example D 0
+m4C7Rleel-I-01146-00469439-00470120 1 display style D 0 1 denotes the space
+m4C7Rleel-I-01147-00470121-00470379 of CAD lag functions defined on the unit
+m4C7Rleel-I-01148-00470380-00471264 interval 0 1 display star zero one score
+m4C7Rleel-I-01149-00471264-00471477 o Cod function spaces are frequently
+m4C7Rleel-I-01150-00471478-00471639 used in the theory of stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01151-00471639-00471879 processes because it often assumed that
+m4C7Rleel-I-01152-00471880-00472089 the sample functions of continuous-time
+m4C7Rleel-I-01153-00472089-00472377 stochastic processes belong to a score
+m4C7Rleel-I-01154-00472378-00472716 oh god space such spaces contain
+m4C7Rleel-I-01155-00472717-00472968 continuous functions which correspond to
+m4C7Rleel-I-01156-00472968-00473225 sample functions of the Wiener process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01157-00473226-00473525 but the space also has functions with
+m4C7Rleel-I-01158-00473526-00473739 discontinuities which means that the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01159-00473739-00473982 sample functions of stochastic processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-01160-00473983-00474189 with jumps such as the Poisson process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01161-00474189-00474477 on the real line are also members of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01162-00474478-00475581 this space topic regularity in the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01163-00475582-00475824 context of mathematical construction of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01164-00475825-00476103 stochastic processes the term regularity
+m4C7Rleel-I-01165-00476104-00476322 is used when discussing and assuming
+m4C7Rleel-I-01166-00476322-00476505 certain conditions for a stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01167-00476506-00476784 process to resolve possible construction
+m4C7Rleel-I-01168-00476785-00477147 issues for example to study stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01169-00477147-00477416 processes with uncountable index sets it
+m4C7Rleel-I-01170-00477417-00477591 is assumed that the stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01171-00477592-00477858 adheres to some type of regularity
+m4C7Rleel-I-01172-00477859-00478080 condition such as the sample functions
+m4C7Rleel-I-01173-00478081-00479587 being continuous topic history
+m4C7Rleel-I-01174-00479588-00480232 topic early probability theory
+m4C7Rleel-I-01175-00480233-00480506 probability theory has its origins in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01176-00480507-00480695 games of chance which have a long
+m4C7Rleel-I-01177-00480696-00480889 history with some games being played
+m4C7Rleel-I-01178-00480891-00481151 thousands of years ago but very little
+m4C7Rleel-I-01179-00481152-00481376 analysis on them was done in terms of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01180-00481377-00481781 probability the year 1654 is often
+m4C7Rleel-I-01181-00481782-00481970 considered the birth of probability
+m4C7Rleel-I-01182-00481971-00482231 theory when French mathematicians Pierre
+m4C7Rleel-I-01183-00482232-00482468 Fermat and Blaise Pascal had a ribbon
+m4C7Rleel-I-01184-00482468-00482741 correspondence on probability motivated
+m4C7Rleel-I-01185-00482742-00483020 by a gambling problem but there was
+m4C7Rleel-I-01186-00483021-00483235 early a mathematical work done on the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01187-00483237-00483455 probability of gambling games such as
+m4C7Rleel-I-01188-00483456-00483754 LIBOR delude Oh le by Gerolamo Cardano
+m4C7Rleel-I-01189-00483755-00484025 written in the 16th century but
+m4C7Rleel-I-01190-00484026-00484334 posthumously published later in 1663
+m4C7Rleel-I-01191-00484335-00484487 after Cardno
+m4C7Rleel-I-01192-00484488-00484781 Jakob Bernoulli wrote ARS conject and II
+m4C7Rleel-I-01193-00484782-00484982 which is considered a significant event
+m4C7Rleel-I-01194-00484983-00485278 in the history of probability theory
+m4C7Rleel-I-01195-00485279-00485504 Bernoulli's book was published also
+m4C7Rleel-I-01196-00485505-00485872 posthumously in 1713 and inspired many
+m4C7Rleel-I-01197-00485874-00486224 mathematicians to study probability but
+m4C7Rleel-I-01198-00486225-00486434 despite some renowned mathematicians
+m4C7Rleel-I-01199-00486435-00486692 contributing to probability theory such
+m4C7Rleel-I-01200-00486693-00487004 as pierre-simon Laplace abraham de Maire
+m4C7Rleel-I-01201-00487005-00487285 Carl Gauss Simeon Poisson and Pavarotti
+m4C7Rleel-I-01202-00487287-00487514 chebyshev most of the mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-01203-00487514-00487727 community did not consider probability
+m4C7Rleel-I-01204-00487728-00487997 theory to be part of mathematics until
+m4C7Rleel-I-01205-00487997-00488828 the 20th century topic statistical
+m4C7Rleel-I-01206-00488829-00489160 mechanics
+m4C7Rleel-I-01207-00489160-00489500 in the physical sciences scientists
+m4C7Rleel-I-01208-00489501-00489716 developed in the 19th century the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01209-00489717-00489875 discipline of statistical mechanics
+m4C7Rleel-I-01210-00489876-00490118 where physical systems such as
+m4C7Rleel-I-01211-00490118-00490343 containers filled with gases can be
+m4C7Rleel-I-01212-00490343-00490583 regarded or treated mathematically as
+m4C7Rleel-I-01213-00490584-00490852 collections of many moving particles
+m4C7Rleel-I-01214-00490853-00491057 although there were attempt to
+m4C7Rleel-I-01215-00491058-00491300 incorporate randomness into statistical
+m4C7Rleel-I-01216-00491301-00491525 physics by some scientists such as
+m4C7Rleel-I-01217-00491526-00491785 rudolph causes most of the work had
+m4C7Rleel-I-01218-00491787-00492152 little or no randomness it's changed in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01219-00492153-00492400 1859 when James Clark Maxwell
+m4C7Rleel-I-01220-00492401-00492650 contributed significantly to the field
+m4C7Rleel-I-01221-00492651-00492887 more specifically to the kinetic theory
+m4C7Rleel-I-01222-00492888-00493114 of gases by presenting work where he
+m4C7Rleel-I-01223-00493116-00493379 assumed the gas particles move in random
+m4C7Rleel-I-01224-00493380-00493691 directions at random velocities the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01225-00493692-00493937 kinetic theory of gases and statistical
+m4C7Rleel-I-01226-00493938-00494156 physics continued to be developed in the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01227-00494157-00494414 second half of the 19th century with
+m4C7Rleel-I-01228-00494414-00494668 work done chiefly by causes Ludwig
+m4C7Rleel-I-01229-00494670-00494903 Boltzmann and Josiah Gibbs which would
+m4C7Rleel-I-01230-00494904-00495095 later have an influence on Albert
+m4C7Rleel-I-01231-00495096-00495296 Einstein's mathematical model for
+m4C7Rleel-I-01232-00495297-00496142 Brownian movement topic measure theory
+m4C7Rleel-I-01233-00496143-00496581 and probability theory
+m4C7Rleel-I-01234-00496582-00496951 in 1900 the International Congress of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01235-00496952-00497206 mathematicians in Paris David Hilbert
+m4C7Rleel-I-01236-00497207-00497355 presented a list of mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-01237-00497356-00497643 problems where his sixth problem asked
+m4C7Rleel-I-01238-00497644-00497863 for a mathematical treatment of physics
+m4C7Rleel-I-01239-00497864-00498214 and probability involving axioms around
+m4C7Rleel-I-01240-00498214-00498414 the start of the 20th century
+m4C7Rleel-I-01241-00498414-00498667 mathematicians developed major theory a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01242-00498668-00498880 branch of mathematics for studying
+m4C7Rleel-I-01243-00498881-00499066 integrals of mathematical functions
+m4C7Rleel-I-01244-00499067-00499291 where two of the founders were French
+m4C7Rleel-I-01245-00499292-00499539 mathematicians Henri lobbies gay and
+m4C7Rleel-I-01246-00499541-00499935 Emile Borel in 1925 another French
+m4C7Rleel-I-01247-00499937-00500185 mathematician Paul Levy published the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01248-00500185-00500425 first probability book that used ideas
+m4C7Rleel-I-01249-00500426-00500743 from major theory in 1920s fundamental
+m4C7Rleel-I-01250-00500743-00500997 contributions to probability theory were
+m4C7Rleel-I-01251-00500998-00501181 made in the Soviet Union by
+m4C7Rleel-I-01252-00501182-00501445 mathematicians such as Sergei Bernstein
+m4C7Rleel-I-01253-00501446-00501768 Alexander Kinchin and Andrey Kolmogorov
+m4C7Rleel-I-01254-00501768-00502170 Cola Gaurav published in 1929 his first
+m4C7Rleel-I-01255-00502171-00502387 attempt at presenting a mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-01256-00502388-00502645 foundation based on major theory for
+m4C7Rleel-I-01257-00502646-00502989 probability theory in the early 1930s
+m4C7Rleel-I-01258-00502989-00503233 Kenshin and Coleman Gaurav set up
+m4C7Rleel-I-01259-00503234-00503470 probability seminars which were attended
+m4C7Rleel-I-01260-00503471-00503739 by researchers such as Eugene Slutsky
+m4C7Rleel-I-01261-00503741-00503968 and Nikolay Smirnoff and qingcheng gave
+m4C7Rleel-I-01262-00503968-00504205 the first mathematical definition of a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01263-00504206-00504427 stochastic process as a set of random
+m4C7Rleel-I-01264-00504428-00505285 variables indexed by the real line topic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01265-00505285-00505822 birth of modern probability theory
+m4C7Rleel-I-01266-00505822-00506260 in 1933 and raycoleman off published in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01267-00506262-00506483 german his book on the foundations of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01268-00506484-00506738 probability theory titled Grunberg riff
+m4C7Rleel-I-01269-00506739-00506975 terroir Charlotte region where Cole
+m4C7Rleel-I-01270-00506976-00507235 Magoo refused major theory to develop an
+m4C7Rleel-I-01271-00507237-00507464 axiomatic framework for probability
+m4C7Rleel-I-01272-00507464-00507785 theory the publication of this book is
+m4C7Rleel-I-01273-00507785-00508016 now widely considered to be the birth of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01274-00508017-00508220 modern probability theory when the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01275-00508221-00508421 theories of probability in stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01276-00508422-00508651 processes became parts of mathematics
+m4C7Rleel-I-01277-00508652-00508922 after the publication of Cole mobile
+m4C7Rleel-I-01278-00508922-00509159 Rob's book further fundamental work on
+m4C7Rleel-I-01279-00509160-00509372 probability theory and statistics
+m4C7Rleel-I-01280-00509372-00509582 processes was done by kim chen and
+m4C7Rleel-I-01281-00509583-00509743 Kolmogorov as well as other
+m4C7Rleel-I-01282-00509745-00509966 mathematicians such as Joseph Dube
+m4C7Rleel-I-01283-00509967-00510074 William feller
+m4C7Rleel-I-01284-00510075-00510335 Maurice fresshe Paul Levy Wolfgang
+m4C7Rleel-I-01285-00510335-00510725 Dublin and Harold Kramer decades later
+m4C7Rleel-I-01286-00510726-00510992 Cramer referred to the 1930s as the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01287-00510993-00511241 heroic period of mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-01288-00511242-00511610 probability theory World War two greatly
+m4C7Rleel-I-01289-00511610-00511768 interrupted the development of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01290-00511770-00512045 probability theory causing for example
+m4C7Rleel-I-01291-00512046-00512279 the migration of feller from Sweden to
+m4C7Rleel-I-01292-00512280-00512497 the United States of America and the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01293-00512499-00512672 death of doebelin considered now a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01294-00512672-00513532 pioneer in stochastic processes topic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01295-00513533-00514177 stochastic processes after World War two
+m4C7Rleel-I-01296-00514178-00514439 after world war ii the study of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01297-00514439-00514618 probability theory and statistics
+m4C7Rleel-I-01298-00514618-00514853 processes gained more attention from
+m4C7Rleel-I-01299-00514854-00515060 mathematicians with significant
+m4C7Rleel-I-01300-00515060-00515279 contributions made in many areas of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01301-00515280-00515510 probability in mathematics as well as
+m4C7Rleel-I-01302-00515510-00515864 the creation of new areas starting in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01303-00515864-00516197 the 1940s psee toe published papers
+m4C7Rleel-I-01304-00516197-00516395 developing the field of stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01305-00516396-00516620 calculus which involves stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01306-00516621-00516821 integrals and stochastic differential
+m4C7Rleel-I-01307-00516822-00517028 equations based on the wiener or
+m4C7Rleel-I-01308-00517029-00517331 Brownian motion process also starting in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01309-00517332-00517589 the 1940s connections were made between
+m4C7Rleel-I-01310-00517589-00517817 stochastic processes particularly
+m4C7Rleel-I-01311-00517818-00517910 martingales
+m4C7Rleel-I-01312-00517910-00518138 and the mathematical field of potential
+m4C7Rleel-I-01313-00518139-00518414 theory with early ideas by shizuka
+m4C7Rleel-I-01314-00518414-00518657 Kootenay and then later work by Joseph
+m4C7Rleel-I-01315-00518658-00518993 Dube further work considered pioneering
+m4C7Rleel-I-01316-00518993-00519068 was done
+m4C7Rleel-I-01317-00519068-00519362 bye Gilbert hunt in the 1950s connecting
+m4C7Rleel-I-01318-00519363-00519602 Markov processes and potential theory
+m4C7Rleel-I-01319-00519603-00519820 which had a significant effect on the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01320-00519821-00520067 theory of levy processes and led to more
+m4C7Rleel-I-01321-00520068-00520292 interest in studying Markov processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-01322-00520293-00520688 with methods developed by Ito in 1953 do
+m4C7Rleel-I-01323-00520689-00520918 published his book stochastic processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-01324-00520919-00521143 which had a strong influence on the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01325-00521144-00521351 theory of stochastic processes and
+m4C7Rleel-I-01326-00521352-00521564 stressed the importance of major theory
+m4C7Rleel-I-01327-00521564-00521888 in probability bube also chiefly
+m4C7Rleel-I-01328-00521889-00522092 developed the theory of martingales
+m4C7Rleel-I-01329-00522093-00522347 with later substantial contributions by
+m4C7Rleel-I-01330-00522347-00522689 Paul Andre Meyer earlier work had been
+m4C7Rleel-I-01331-00522689-00522953 carried out by Sergei Bernstein Paul
+m4C7Rleel-I-01332-00522954-00523193 Levy in jean ville the latter adopting
+m4C7Rleel-I-01333-00523193-00523385 the term martingale for the stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01334-00523385-00523700 process methods from the theory of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01335-00523701-00523960 martingales became popular for solving
+m4C7Rleel-I-01336-00523962-00524300 various probability problems techniques
+m4C7Rleel-I-01337-00524301-00524545 in theory were developed to study Markov
+m4C7Rleel-I-01338-00524546-00524881 processes and then apply to martingales
+m4C7Rleel-I-01339-00524882-00525122 conversely methods from the theory of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01340-00525123-00525341 martingales were established to treat
+m4C7Rleel-I-01341-00525342-00525572 Markov processes other fields of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01342-00525573-00525793 probability were developed and used to
+m4C7Rleel-I-01343-00525794-00526049 study stochastic processes with one main
+m4C7Rleel-I-01344-00526050-00526238 approach being the theory of large
+m4C7Rleel-I-01345-00526239-00526553 deviations the theory has many
+m4C7Rleel-I-01346-00526554-00526781 applications in statistical physics
+m4C7Rleel-I-01347-00526782-00527060 among other fields and has core ideas
+m4C7Rleel-I-01348-00527061-00527443 going back to at least the 1930s later
+m4C7Rleel-I-01349-00527444-00527818 in the 1960s and 1970s fundamental work
+m4C7Rleel-I-01350-00527819-00528065 was done by Alexander Wenzel in the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01351-00528066-00528320 Soviet Union and Monroe D Don sky and
+m4C7Rleel-I-01352-00528321-00528584 Srinivasa Vera tan in the United States
+m4C7Rleel-I-01353-00528585-00528818 of America which would later result in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01354-00528819-00529259 Vera Dan winning the 2007 Abel prize in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01355-00529260-00529592 the 1990s and 2000's the Furies of SRAM
+m4C7Rleel-I-01356-00529593-00529808 loner evolution and rough paths were
+m4C7Rleel-I-01357-00529809-00529978 introduced and developed to study
+m4C7Rleel-I-01358-00529979-00530177 stochastic processes and other
+m4C7Rleel-I-01359-00530178-00530417 mathematical objects in probability
+m4C7Rleel-I-01360-00530418-00530654 theory which respectively resulted in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01361-00530655-00530879 fields medals being awarded to Wendell
+m4C7Rleel-I-01362-00530880-00531191 and Werner in 2008 into martin hara in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01363-00531192-00531479 2014 the theory of stochastic processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-01364-00531480-00531689 still continues to be a focus of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01365-00531690-00531895 research with yearly international
+m4C7Rleel-I-01366-00531896-00532109 conferences on the topic of stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01367-00532110-00532711 processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-01368-00532712-00533089 topic discoveries of specific stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01369-00533090-00533651 processes although kitchen gave
+m4C7Rleel-I-01370-00533652-00533885 mathematical definitions of stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01371-00533886-00534200 processes in the 1930s specific
+m4C7Rleel-I-01372-00534201-00534437 stochastic processes had already been
+m4C7Rleel-I-01373-00534438-00534668 discovered in different settings such as
+m4C7Rleel-I-01374-00534669-00534878 the Brownian motion process and the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01375-00534879-00535199 Poisson process some families of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01376-00535200-00535420 stochastic processes such as point
+m4C7Rleel-I-01377-00535421-00535688 processes or renewal processes have long
+m4C7Rleel-I-01378-00535689-00535910 and complex histories stretching back
+m4C7Rleel-I-01379-00535911-00537080 centuries topic Bernoulli process the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01380-00537081-00537320 Bernoulli process which can serve as a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01381-00537321-00537560 mathematical model for flipping a biased
+m4C7Rleel-I-01382-00537561-00537812 coin is possibly the first stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01383-00537813-00538141 process to have been studied the process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01384-00538142-00538379 is a sequence of independent Bernoulli
+m4C7Rleel-I-01385-00538380-00538580 trials which are named after Jacob
+m4C7Rleel-I-01386-00538581-00538826 Bernoulli who used them to study games
+m4C7Rleel-I-01387-00538827-00538897 of chance
+m4C7Rleel-I-01388-00538898-00539143 including probability problems proposed
+m4C7Rleel-I-01389-00539144-00539470 and studied earlier by Christian Huygens
+m4C7Rleel-I-01390-00539471-00539747 Bernoulli's work including the Bernoulli
+m4C7Rleel-I-01391-00539748-00539968 process were published in his book ARS
+m4C7Rleel-I-01392-00539969-00540854 conject and II in 1713 topic random
+m4C7Rleel-I-01393-00540855-00541140 walks
+m4C7Rleel-I-01394-00541141-00541528 in 1905 Karl Pearson coined the term
+m4C7Rleel-I-01395-00541529-00541717 random walk while posing a problem
+m4C7Rleel-I-01396-00541718-00541960 describing a random walk on the plane
+m4C7Rleel-I-01397-00541961-00542230 which was motivated by an application in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01398-00542231-00542470 biology but such problems involving
+m4C7Rleel-I-01399-00542471-00542710 random walks had already been studied in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01400-00542711-00543043 other fields certain gambling problems
+m4C7Rleel-I-01401-00543044-00543265 that were studied centuries earlier can
+m4C7Rleel-I-01402-00543266-00543460 be considered as problems involving
+m4C7Rleel-I-01403-00543461-00543796 random walks for example the problem
+m4C7Rleel-I-01404-00543797-00544054 known as the gamblers ruin is based on a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01405-00544055-00544327 simple random walk and is an example of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01406-00544328-00544614 a random walk with absorbing barriers
+m4C7Rleel-I-01407-00544615-00544909 Pascal Fermat and humans all gave
+m4C7Rleel-I-01408-00544910-00545137 numerical solutions to this problem
+m4C7Rleel-I-01409-00545138-00545347 without detailing their methods and then
+m4C7Rleel-I-01410-00545348-00545566 more detailed solutions were presented
+m4C7Rleel-I-01411-00545567-00545836 by Jakob Bernoulli and abraham de moivre
+m4C7Rleel-I-01412-00545837-00546396 for random walks in in display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-01413-00546397-00546694 n-dimensional integer lattices george
+m4C7Rleel-I-01414-00546695-00547084 pólya published in 1919 and 1921 work
+m4C7Rleel-I-01415-00547085-00547312 where he studied the probability of a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01416-00547313-00547522 symmetric random walk returning to a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01417-00547523-00547840 previous position in the lattice Polly
+m4C7Rleel-I-01418-00547841-00548047 assured that a symmetric random walk
+m4C7Rleel-I-01419-00548048-00548257 which has an equal probability to
+m4C7Rleel-I-01420-00548258-00548488 advance in any direction in the lattice
+m4C7Rleel-I-01421-00548489-00548719 will return to a previous position in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01422-00548720-00548911 the lattice an infinite number of times
+m4C7Rleel-I-01423-00548912-00549217 with probability 1 in 1 and 2 dimensions
+m4C7Rleel-I-01424-00549218-00549505 but with probability 0 in 3 or higher
+m4C7Rleel-I-01425-00549506-00550565 dimensions topic Wiener process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01426-00550566-00550890 the winner process or Brownian motion
+m4C7Rleel-I-01427-00550891-00551120 process has its origins in different
+m4C7Rleel-I-01428-00551121-00551385 fields including statistics finance and
+m4C7Rleel-I-01429-00551386-00551775 physics in 1880 Thorvald Till wrote a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01430-00551776-00551964 paper on the method of least squares
+m4C7Rleel-I-01431-00551965-00552231 where he used the process to study the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01432-00552232-00552426 errors of a model in time series
+m4C7Rleel-I-01433-00552427-00552770 analysis the work is now considered as
+m4C7Rleel-I-01434-00552771-00552993 an early discovery of the statistical
+m4C7Rleel-I-01435-00552994-00553224 method known as Kalman filtering but the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01436-00553225-00553518 work was largely overlooked it is
+m4C7Rleel-I-01437-00553519-00553728 thought that the ideas in Till's paper
+m4C7Rleel-I-01438-00553729-00553893 were too advanced to have been
+m4C7Rleel-I-01439-00553894-00554133 understood by the broader mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-01440-00554134-00554393 and statistical community at the time
+m4C7Rleel-I-01441-00554394-00554688 the French mathematician Louis bachelier
+m4C7Rleel-I-01442-00554689-00555087 used a wiener process in his 1930 in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01443-00555088-00555306 order to model price changes on the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01444-00555307-00555399 Paris bourse
+m4C7Rleel-I-01445-00555400-00555636 a stop exchange without knowing the work
+m4C7Rleel-I-01446-00555637-00555927 of tiel it has been speculated that
+m4C7Rleel-I-01447-00555928-00556170 batch Aliya drew ideas from the random
+m4C7Rleel-I-01448-00556171-00556404 walk model of Jules regnal but batch
+m4C7Rleel-I-01449-00556405-00556622 Aliyah did not cite him and factually
+m4C7Rleel-I-01450-00556623-00556857 his thesis is now considered pioneering
+m4C7Rleel-I-01451-00556858-00557120 in the field of financial mathematics it
+m4C7Rleel-I-01452-00557121-00557313 is commonly thought that batch aleeah's
+m4C7Rleel-I-01453-00557314-00557514 work gained little attention and was
+m4C7Rleel-I-01454-00557515-00557712 forgotten for decades until it was
+m4C7Rleel-I-01455-00557713-00558000 rediscovered in the 1950s by the Leonard
+m4C7Rleel-I-01456-00558001-00558192 savage and then become more popular
+m4C7Rleel-I-01457-00558193-00558483 after battle his thesis was translated
+m4C7Rleel-I-01458-00558484-00558882 into English in 1964 but the work was
+m4C7Rleel-I-01459-00558883-00559070 never forgotten in the mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-01460-00559071-00559299 community as batch aliyah published a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01461-00559300-00559614 book in 1912 detailing his ideas which
+m4C7Rleel-I-01462-00559615-00559878 was cited by mathematicians including do
+m4C7Rleel-I-01463-00559879-00560190 filler and column ogre off the book
+m4C7Rleel-I-01464-00560191-00560430 continued to be cited but then starting
+m4C7Rleel-I-01465-00560431-00560709 in the 1960s the original thesis by
+m4C7Rleel-I-01466-00560710-00560940 batch alia began to be cited more than
+m4C7Rleel-I-01467-00560941-00561165 his book when economists started citing
+m4C7Rleel-I-01468-00561166-00561507 bachelors work in 1905 Albert Einstein
+m4C7Rleel-I-01469-00561508-00561717 published a paper where he studied the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01470-00561718-00561957 physical observation of Brownian motion
+m4C7Rleel-I-01471-00561958-00562158 or movement to explain the seemingly
+m4C7Rleel-I-01472-00562159-00562404 random movements of particles in liquids
+m4C7Rleel-I-01473-00562405-00562643 by using ideas from the kinetic theory
+m4C7Rleel-I-01474-00562644-00562941 of gases Einstein derived the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01475-00562942-00563133 differential equation known as a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01476-00563134-00563372 diffusion equation for describing the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01477-00563373-00563610 probability of finding a particle in a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01478-00563611-00563820 certain region of space
+m4C7Rleel-I-01479-00563821-00564122 shortly after Einstein's first paper on
+m4C7Rleel-I-01480-00564123-00564343 Brownian movement marian smoluchowski
+m4C7Rleel-I-01481-00564344-00564618 published work where he cited Einstein
+m4C7Rleel-I-01482-00564619-00564795 but wrote that he had independently
+m4C7Rleel-I-01483-00564796-00565035 derived the equivalent results by using
+m4C7Rleel-I-01484-00565036-00565152 a different method
+m4C7Rleel-I-01485-00565153-00565377 Einstein's work as well as experimental
+m4C7Rleel-I-01486-00565378-00565611 results obtained by Jean Peres
+m4C7Rleel-I-01487-00565612-00565841 later inspired Norbert Wiener in the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01488-00565842-00566114 1920s to use a type of magic theory
+m4C7Rleel-I-01489-00566115-00566364 developed by Percy Daniel and Fourier
+m4C7Rleel-I-01490-00566365-00566601 analysis to prove the existence of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01491-00566602-00567316 Wiener process as a mathematical object
+m4C7Rleel-I-01492-00567317-00567802 topic Poisson process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01493-00567803-00568100 the Poisson process is named after
+m4C7Rleel-I-01494-00568101-00568324 Simeon Poisson due to its definition
+m4C7Rleel-I-01495-00568325-00568574 involving the Poisson distribution
+m4C7Rleel-I-01496-00568575-00568818 but Poisson never studied the process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01497-00568819-00569102 there are a number of claims for early
+m4C7Rleel-I-01498-00569103-00569410 users or discoveries of the Poisson
+m4C7Rleel-I-01499-00569411-00569630 process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01500-00569631-00569900 at the beginning of the 20th century the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01501-00569901-00570062 Poisson process would arise
+m4C7Rleel-I-01502-00570063-00570467 independently in different situations in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01503-00570468-00570809 Sweden 1903 Philipp Bloomsbury published
+m4C7Rleel-I-01504-00570810-00571055 a thesis containing work now considered
+m4C7Rleel-I-01505-00571056-00571265 fundamental and pioneering where he
+m4C7Rleel-I-01506-00571266-00571514 proposed to model insurance claims with
+m4C7Rleel-I-01507-00571515-00571763 a homogeneous Poisson process another
+m4C7Rleel-I-01508-00571764-00572051 discovery occurred in Denmark in 1909
+m4C7Rleel-I-01509-00572052-00572387 when a que o lange derived the Poisson
+m4C7Rleel-I-01510-00572388-00572564 distribution when developing a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01511-00572565-00572771 mathematical model for the number of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01512-00572772-00572993 incoming phone calls in a finite time
+m4C7Rleel-I-01513-00572994-00573305 interval Oh Lange was not at the time
+m4C7Rleel-I-01514-00573306-00573524 aware of Poisson Serle ER work and
+m4C7Rleel-I-01515-00573525-00573707 assumed that the number phone calls
+m4C7Rleel-I-01516-00573708-00573929 arriving in each interval of time were
+m4C7Rleel-I-01517-00573930-00574253 independent to each other he then found
+m4C7Rleel-I-01518-00574254-00574463 the limiting case which is effectively
+m4C7Rleel-I-01519-00574464-00574718 recasting the Poisson distribution as a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01520-00574719-00574958 limit of the binomial distribution in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01521-00574959-00575225 1910 Ernest Rutherford and Hans Geiger
+m4C7Rleel-I-01522-00575226-00575471 published experimental results on
+m4C7Rleel-I-01523-00575472-00575822 counting alpha particles motivated by
+m4C7Rleel-I-01524-00575823-00575900 their work
+m4C7Rleel-I-01525-00575901-00576107 Harry Bateman studied the counting
+m4C7Rleel-I-01526-00576108-00576275 problem and derived Poisson
+m4C7Rleel-I-01527-00576276-00576530 probabilities as a solution to a family
+m4C7Rleel-I-01528-00576531-00576767 of differential equations resulting in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01529-00576768-00576971 the independent discovery of the Poisson
+m4C7Rleel-I-01530-00576972-00577316 process after this time there were many
+m4C7Rleel-I-01531-00577317-00577568 studies and applications of the Poisson
+m4C7Rleel-I-01532-00577569-00577784 process but it's early history is
+m4C7Rleel-I-01533-00577785-00578006 complicated which has been explained by
+m4C7Rleel-I-01534-00578007-00578261 the various applications of the process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01535-00578262-00578498 in numerous fields by biologists
+m4C7Rleel-I-01536-00578499-00578744 ecologists engineers and various
+m4C7Rleel-I-01537-00578745-00579533 physical scientists topic Markov
+m4C7Rleel-I-01538-00579534-00579985 processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-01539-00579986-00580213 Koff processes and Markov chains are
+m4C7Rleel-I-01540-00580214-00580459 named after Andrey Markov who studied
+m4C7Rleel-I-01541-00580460-00580800 Markov chains in the early 20th century
+m4C7Rleel-I-01542-00580801-00581068 Markov was interested in studying an
+m4C7Rleel-I-01543-00581069-00581242 extension of independent random
+m4C7Rleel-I-01544-00581243-00581578 sequences in his first paper on Markov
+m4C7Rleel-I-01545-00581579-00581920 chains published in 1906 Markov showed
+m4C7Rleel-I-01546-00581921-00582094 that under certain conditions the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01547-00582095-00582283 average outcomes of the Markov chain
+m4C7Rleel-I-01548-00582284-00582511 would converge to a fixed vector of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01549-00582512-00582733 values so proving a weak law of large
+m4C7Rleel-I-01550-00582734-00582946 numbers without the independence
+m4C7Rleel-I-01551-00582947-00583126 assumption which had been commonly
+m4C7Rleel-I-01552-00583127-00583348 regarded as a requirement for such
+m4C7Rleel-I-01553-00583349-00583705 mathematical laws to hold Markov later
+m4C7Rleel-I-01554-00583706-00583912 used Markov chains to study the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01555-00583913-00584146 distribution of vowels in Eugene Onegin
+m4C7Rleel-I-01556-00584147-00584425 written by Alexander Pushkin and proved
+m4C7Rleel-I-01557-00584426-00584611 the central limit theorem for such
+m4C7Rleel-I-01558-00584612-00584950 chains in 1912 Poincare studied Markov
+m4C7Rleel-I-01559-00584951-00585175 chains on finite groups with an aim to
+m4C7Rleel-I-01560-00585176-00585343 study card shuffling
+m4C7Rleel-I-01561-00585344-00585631 other early uses of Markov chains
+m4C7Rleel-I-01562-00585632-00585898 include a diffusion model introduced by
+m4C7Rleel-I-01563-00585899-00586264 Paul and tatiana ehrenfest in 1907 and a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01564-00586265-00586531 branching process introduced by Francis
+m4C7Rleel-I-01565-00586532-00586876 Galton and Henry William Watson in 1873
+m4C7Rleel-I-01566-00586877-00587221 preceding the work of markov after the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01567-00587222-00587452 work of golfin and Watson it was later
+m4C7Rleel-I-01568-00587453-00587653 revealed that their branching process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01569-00587654-00587860 had been independently discovered and
+m4C7Rleel-I-01570-00587861-00588094 studied around three decades earlier by
+m4C7Rleel-I-01571-00588095-00588571 irony Jules bnm starting in 1928 maurice
+m4C7Rleel-I-01572-00588572-00588799 fresshe became interested in Markov
+m4C7Rleel-I-01573-00588800-00589030 chains eventually resulting in him
+m4C7Rleel-I-01574-00589031-00589354 publishing in 1938 a detailed study on
+m4C7Rleel-I-01575-00589355-00589554 Markov chains Andrey Kolmogorov
+m4C7Rleel-I-01576-00589555-00589915 developed in a 1931 paper a large part
+m4C7Rleel-I-01577-00589916-00590113 of the early theory of continuous-time
+m4C7Rleel-I-01578-00590114-00590488 markov processes Cole Magoo Roth was
+m4C7Rleel-I-01579-00590489-00590733 partly inspired by Louis bachelier is
+m4C7Rleel-I-01580-00590734-00591013 1900 work on fluctuations in the stock
+m4C7Rleel-I-01581-00591014-00591265 market as well as Norbert wieners work
+m4C7Rleel-I-01582-00591266-00591534 on on Stein's model of Brownian movement
+m4C7Rleel-I-01583-00591535-00591820 he introduced and studied a particular
+m4C7Rleel-I-01584-00591821-00592063 set of Markov processes known as
+m4C7Rleel-I-01585-00592064-00592303 diffusion processes where he derived a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01586-00592304-00592540 set of differential equations describing
+m4C7Rleel-I-01587-00592541-00592822 the processes independent of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01588-00592823-00593098 kolmogorov's work Sidney Chapman derived
+m4C7Rleel-I-01589-00593099-00593362 in a 1928 paper in equation
+m4C7Rleel-I-01590-00593363-00593529 now called the Chapman Kolmogorov
+m4C7Rleel-I-01591-00593530-00593772 equation in a less mathematically
+m4C7Rleel-I-01592-00593773-00593986 rigorous way than Kolmogorov while
+m4C7Rleel-I-01593-00593987-00594259 studying Brownian movement the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01594-00594260-00594472 differential equations are now called
+m4C7Rleel-I-01595-00594473-00594679 the Cole nagar off equations or the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01596-00594680-00595002 Kolmogorov Chapman equations other
+m4C7Rleel-I-01597-00595003-00595195 mathematicians who contributed
+m4C7Rleel-I-01598-00595196-00595414 significantly to the foundations of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01599-00595415-00595666 Markov processes include William feller
+m4C7Rleel-I-01600-00595667-00595957 starting in the 1930s and then later
+m4C7Rleel-I-01601-00595958-00596741 Eugene Dinkin starting in the 1950s
+m4C7Rleel-I-01602-00596742-00597445 topic levee processes levy processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-01603-00597446-00597637 such as the Wiener process and the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01604-00597638-00597864 Poisson process on the real line are
+m4C7Rleel-I-01605-00597865-00598087 named after Paul Levy who started
+m4C7Rleel-I-01606-00598088-00598354 studying them in the 1930s but they have
+m4C7Rleel-I-01607-00598355-00598545 connections to infinitely divisible
+m4C7Rleel-I-01608-00598546-00598954 distributions going back to the 1920s in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01609-00598955-00599218 a 1932 paper Cole MacGrath
+m4C7Rleel-I-01610-00599219-00599449 derived a characteristic function for
+m4C7Rleel-I-01611-00599450-00599691 random variables associated with levee
+m4C7Rleel-I-01612-00599692-00600031 processes this result was later derived
+m4C7Rleel-I-01613-00600032-00600256 under more general conditions by levee
+m4C7Rleel-I-01614-00600257-00600589 in 1934 and then Kenshin independently
+m4C7Rleel-I-01615-00600590-00600772 gave an alternative forum for this
+m4C7Rleel-I-01616-00600773-00601170 characteristic function in 1937 in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01617-00601171-00601395 addition to levee khinchin and column
+m4C7Rleel-I-01618-00601396-00601657 magrav early fundamental contributions
+m4C7Rleel-I-01619-00601658-00601876 to the theory of levee processes were
+m4C7Rleel-I-01620-00601877-00602697 made by bruno de Finetti and Keirsey ito
+m4C7Rleel-I-01621-00602698-00603382 topic mathematical construction in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01622-00603383-00603580 mathematics constructions of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01623-00603581-00603808 mathematical objects are needed which is
+m4C7Rleel-I-01624-00603809-00604057 also the case for stochastic processes
+m4C7Rleel-I-01625-00604058-00604305 to prove that they exist mathematically
+m4C7Rleel-I-01626-00604306-00604570 there are two main approaches for
+m4C7Rleel-I-01627-00604571-00604858 constructing a stochastic process one
+m4C7Rleel-I-01628-00604859-00605041 approach involves considering a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01629-00605042-00605295 measurable space of functions defining a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01630-00605296-00605479 suitable measurable mapping from a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01631-00605480-00605695 probability space to this measurable
+m4C7Rleel-I-01632-00605696-00605929 space of functions and then deriving the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01633-00605930-00606130 corresponding finite dimensional
+m4C7Rleel-I-01634-00606131-00606376 distributions another approach involves
+m4C7Rleel-I-01635-00606377-00606535 defining a collection of random
+m4C7Rleel-I-01636-00606536-00606727 variables to have
+m4C7Rleel-I-01637-00606728-00606952 finite-dimensional distributions and
+m4C7Rleel-I-01638-00606953-00607177 then using Colma gaurav's existence
+m4C7Rleel-I-01639-00607178-00607362 theorem to prove a corresponding
+m4C7Rleel-I-01640-00607363-00607708 stochastic process exists this theorem
+m4C7Rleel-I-01641-00607709-00607908 which is an existence theorem for
+m4C7Rleel-I-01642-00607909-00608170 measures on infinite product spaces says
+m4C7Rleel-I-01643-00608171-00608350 that if any finite dimensional
+m4C7Rleel-I-01644-00608351-00608543 distributions satisfy two conditions
+m4C7Rleel-I-01645-00608544-00608847 known as consistency conditions then
+m4C7Rleel-I-01646-00608848-00609076 there exists a stochastic process with
+m4C7Rleel-I-01647-00609077-00609825 those finite dimensional distributions
+m4C7Rleel-I-01648-00609826-00610477 topic construction issues when
+m4C7Rleel-I-01649-00610478-00610681 constructing continuous-time stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01650-00610682-00610889 processes certain mathematical
+m4C7Rleel-I-01651-00610890-00611106 difficulties arise due to the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01652-00611107-00611331 uncountable index sets which do not
+m4C7Rleel-I-01653-00611332-00611689 occur with discrete-time processes one
+m4C7Rleel-I-01654-00611690-00611889 problem is that is it possible to have
+m4C7Rleel-I-01655-00611890-00612135 more than one stochastic process with
+m4C7Rleel-I-01656-00612136-00612316 the same finite dimensional
+m4C7Rleel-I-01657-00612317-00612672 distributions for example both the left
+m4C7Rleel-I-01658-00612673-00612897 continuous modification and the right
+m4C7Rleel-I-01659-00612898-00613104 continuous modification of a Poisson
+m4C7Rleel-I-01660-00613105-00613402 process have the same finite dimensional
+m4C7Rleel-I-01661-00613403-00613687 distributions this means that the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01662-00613688-00613866 distribution of the stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01663-00613867-00614197 does not necessarily specify uniquely
+m4C7Rleel-I-01664-00614198-00614377 the properties of the sample functions
+m4C7Rleel-I-01665-00614378-00614608 of the stochastic process another
+m4C7Rleel-I-01666-00614609-00614787 problem is that functionals of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01667-00614788-00615025 continuous-time process that rely upon
+m4C7Rleel-I-01668-00615026-00615252 an uncountable number of points of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01669-00615253-00615508 index set may not be measurable so the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01670-00615509-00615747 probabilities of certain events may not
+m4C7Rleel-I-01671-00615748-00616116 be well-defined for example the supremum
+m4C7Rleel-I-01672-00616117-00616368 of a stochastic process or random field
+m4C7Rleel-I-01673-00616369-00616635 is not necessarily a well-defined random
+m4C7Rleel-I-01674-00616636-00616908 variable for a continuous-time
+m4C7Rleel-I-01675-00616909-00617495 stochastic process X display style X
+m4C7Rleel-I-01676-00617496-00617812 other characteristics that depend on an
+m4C7Rleel-I-01677-00617813-00618010 uncountable number of points of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01678-00618011-00618752 index set T display style T include a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01679-00618753-00619177 sample function of a stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01680-00619178-00619666 eggs display style X is a continuous
+m4C7Rleel-I-01681-00619667-00620500 function of t element of t display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-01682-00620501-00620920 t in t a sample function of a stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01683-00620921-00621556 process X display style eggs is a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01684-00621557-00622275 bounded function of t element of t
+m4C7Rleel-I-01685-00622276-00622841 display style t in T and a sample
+m4C7Rleel-I-01686-00622842-00623299 function of a stochastic process X
+m4C7Rleel-I-01687-00623300-00623699 display style X is an increasing
+m4C7Rleel-I-01688-00623700-00624493 function of t element of t display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-01689-00624494-00624850 t in t to overcome these two
+m4C7Rleel-I-01690-00624851-00625058 difficulties different assumptions and
+m4C7Rleel-I-01691-00625059-00625847 approaches are possible topic resolving
+m4C7Rleel-I-01692-00625848-00626399 construction issues one approach for
+m4C7Rleel-I-01693-00626400-00626624 avoiding mathematical construction
+m4C7Rleel-I-01694-00626625-00626900 issues of stochastic processes proposed
+m4C7Rleel-I-01695-00626901-00627152 by Joseph Dube is to assume that the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01696-00627153-00627414 stochastic process is separable
+m4C7Rleel-I-01697-00627415-00627674 separable ax T ensures that infinite
+m4C7Rleel-I-01698-00627675-00627899 dimensional distributions determine the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01699-00627900-00628102 properties of sample functions by
+m4C7Rleel-I-01700-00628103-00628318 requiring that sample functions are
+m4C7Rleel-I-01701-00628319-00628529 essentially determined by their values
+m4C7Rleel-I-01702-00628530-00628754 on a dense countable set of points in
+m4C7Rleel-I-01703-00628755-00629047 the index set furthermore if a
+m4C7Rleel-I-01704-00629048-00629260 stochastic process is separable then
+m4C7Rleel-I-01705-00629261-00629518 functionals of an uncountable number of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01706-00629519-00629720 points of the index set are measurable
+m4C7Rleel-I-01707-00629721-00629935 and their probabilities can be studied
+m4C7Rleel-I-01708-00629936-00630193 another approach is possible originally
+m4C7Rleel-I-01709-00630194-00630449 developed by Anatoly skoro called an
+m4C7Rleel-I-01710-00630450-00630677 Android Kolmogorov for a continuous-time
+m4C7Rleel-I-01711-00630678-00630962 stochastic process with any metric space
+m4C7Rleel-I-01712-00630963-00631277 as its state space for the construction
+m4C7Rleel-I-01713-00631278-00631529 of such a stochastic process it is
+m4C7Rleel-I-01714-00631530-00631750 assumed that the sample functions of the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01715-00631751-00631966 stochastic process belong to some
+m4C7Rleel-I-01716-00631967-00632222 suitable function space which is usually
+m4C7Rleel-I-01717-00632223-00632437 the skoro code space consisting of
+m4C7Rleel-I-01718-00632438-00632549 alright continue
+m4C7Rleel-I-01719-00632550-00632885 functions with left limits this approach
+m4C7Rleel-I-01720-00632886-00633122 is now more used in the separable 'ti
+m4C7Rleel-I-01721-00633123-00633329 assumption but such a stochastic process
+m4C7Rleel-I-01722-00633330-00633548 based on this approach will be
+m4C7Rleel-I-01723-00633549-00633770 automatically separable although less
+m4C7Rleel-I-01724-00633771-00634016 used the separable 'ti assumption is
+m4C7Rleel-I-01725-00634017-00634226 considered more general because every
+m4C7Rleel-I-01726-00634227-00634445 stochastic process has a separable
+m4C7Rleel-I-01727-00634446-00634775 version it is also used when it is not
+m4C7Rleel-I-01728-00634776-00634970 possible to construct a stochastic
+m4C7Rleel-I-01729-00634971-00635336 process in a skoro code space for
+m4C7Rleel-I-01730-00635337-00635606 example separable ax T is assumed when
+m4C7Rleel-I-01731-00635607-00635846 constructing and studying random fields
+m4C7Rleel-I-01732-00635847-00636074 where the collection of random variables
+m4C7Rleel-I-01733-00636075-00636308 is now indexed by sets other than the
+m4C7Rleel-I-01734-00636309-00636850 real lines such as in display style
+m4C7Rleel-I-01735-00636851-00637805 n-dimensional euclidean space topic see
+m4C7Rleel-I-01736-00637806-00638588 also equals equals notes