diff --git "a/data/en005/text/00000002.txt" "b/data/en005/text/00000002.txt" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/data/en005/text/00000002.txt" @@ -0,0 +1,9268 @@ +x8iOnvH-x-8-00000-00000024-00000365 The next book that I grabbed was One of Us is Lying....Nope. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00001-00001891-00002343 Hey friends! Welcome back to my channel, The Awkward Book Nerd. It is me, Allana and for this video, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00002-00002343-00002552 I'm doing my Winter Book Haul part 2! +x8iOnvH-x-8-00003-00002572-00003035 So the last one got kind of long while I was filming so I decided to split this up into two parts. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00004-00003035-00003608 And so, the last half of these books that I've got are the books that I got from the Bookoutlet... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00005-00003670-00003792 Holiday sale that they did. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00006-00003792-00004164 I think it was the Black Friday one, or maybe it was just a normal holiday one, I can't remember. And then, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00007-00004243-00004925 The Christmas gifts that I got from family and friends as well. And then also some just random ones that I bought myself because.... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00008-00005007-00005264 treat yourself. So I'm just gonna go ahead and jump right in and get started, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00009-00005264-00005720 so this video won't see super duper long. But, the first book that I got from the bookoutlet sale was, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00010-00005796-00006200 Holding up the Universe by Jennifer Niven. I don't know much about the story. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00011-00006223-00006651 The synopsis was kind of brief, but it sounded really good and sounded like something that was up my alley. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00012-00006651-00007142 So I was like "why not grab it? It's only three dollars" and it's been on my Goodreads TBR for awhile. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00013-00007179-00007631 I honestly went on bookoutlet and a lot of these have been on my Goodreads TBR for a really long time. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00014-00007631-00008066 So that's why I decided to just go ahead and grab them because they were all like pretty cheap and I was like it's a +x8iOnvH-x-8-00015-00008067-00008411 good way to knock out those books off that TBR because it's been awhile. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00016-00008458-00009074 So yeah, this was one of them. The next book I grabbed was, Undercover Princess by Connie Glynn. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00017-00009075-00009413 I think this was a middle grade and it sounded really cool. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00018-00009414-00010022 It was like something about a girl going undercover and in princess Academy or something like that, but it sounded really cute ,again... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00019-00010022-00010170 it's been in my TBR for a really long time. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00020-00010170-00010601 So, I figured it was probably good to just go ahead and get it and read it at some point this year and... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00021-00010627-00010899 honestly, the covers are really beautiful so that also... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00022-00011002-00011408 spurred me to buy it. Plus I love like royalty stories, so I figured this... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00023-00011461-00012041 would hopefully intrigue me like that. Next book I grabbed was, Starry Eyes by Jean Bennett. I loved Alex... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00024-00012106-00012590 Approximately by Jean Bennett and so I figured I would grab Starry Eyes cuz this was the next popular one that she's... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00025-00012628-00012828 written that people love and... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00026-00012834-00013490 again, the synopsis sounded interesting and Jenn Bennett has like a really simplistic writing style that I enjoy, so I figured this would be... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00027-00013491-00013817 a fun read to do, maybe during the summer I'll try and... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00028-00013924-00014543 do it. The next book I have is Don't Forget Me by Victoria Stevens, again, this was on my TBR for a long time... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00029-00014544-00014897 so I decided to grab it. It's about a girl who gets sent to live with her father. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00030-00014897-00015216 I think because her mother either gets sick or her mother dies... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00031-00015216-00015403 I can't remember but, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00032-00015403-00015716 there she kind of learns to deal with her grief and then also like she... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00033-00015736-00016185 accumulates some really good friendships and I love stories like that, so I figured this would be a fun +x8iOnvH-x-8-00034-00016240-00016686 book to check out. The next book I have is Ruling Passions by Alexander Harvey. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00035-00016686-00017235 So this is one of those books where it's like three books in one. She wrote the Drake Chronicle series. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00036-00017235-00017535 And this has the first three books in that series in it. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00037-00017535-00018146 It has Hearts at Stake, Blood Feud, and Out for Blood and I read Hearts at Stakes, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00038-00018147-00018363 like many many years ago when I was in middle school... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00039-00018363-00018713 and so I figured this would be a fun thing to grab. Because, I've definitely +x8iOnvH-x-8-00040-00018730-00019202 wanted to continue the series and finish it and see how it ends and I thought it would be cool. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00041-00019203-00019641 Especially because, the series starts out. It's about a girl named... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00042-00019750-00019909 Solange and... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00043-00019909-00020442 she is the first female vampire born in like a long time and... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00044-00020506-00021282 So because of that, there's like a prophecy that says like the next female vampire that's born becomes queen of the vampires. And so it's... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00045-00021409-00021903 her dealing with that. Plus like she has seven older brothers that like are super... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00046-00021925-00022125 overprotective and don't want to let her out of their sight. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00047-00022125-00022566 And so, that's a thing too and then she has a human best friend who's like quirky and +x8iOnvH-x-8-00048-00022603-00022841 adventurous and so it's kind of like her life. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00049-00022843-00023382 But I like it even more, because each book takes place from...so the first books from her perspective and... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00050-00023404-00023566 then I think the... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00051-00023566-00024233 second book might be from the best friend's perspective or maybe it's from...its either from the best friends perspective or the brothers perspective because... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00052-00024234-00024545 then the rest of the books take place from the rest of the brothers perspectives. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00053-00024545-00025067 I think where they like fall in love with someone or something or some whatever. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00054-00025141-00025436 And I think another book might check back in on her essentially. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00055-00025437-00025727 But I like loved the idea of just like a family... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00056-00025747-00026257 series...a family of vampire series kind of things. So, I definitely want to check out and reread this and see if I... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00057-00026288-00026811 still like it, like I did years ago. Plus, if Ido like it,I want to finish the series. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00058-00026812-00027082 So I figured this would be cool. Plus, again, it was really cheap. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00059-00027082-00027323 So I was like "why not just grab it now while I can". +x8iOnvH-x-8-00060-00027323-00027486 The next book I grabbed was Suddenly, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00061-00027533-00028131 Supernatural by Elizabeth Cody Kimmel, this is also a middle grade. And this is one I read a few years ago as well. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00062-00028132-00028858 I grab to this because, I wanted to see if I still liked it as much as I did years ago. I think my +x8iOnvH-x-8-00063-00028925-00029347 tentative idea for this year is that, some of the books that I read maybe in like middle school... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00064-00029352-00029437 Or when I was younger.... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00065-00029437-00029733 I would love to reread and see if I still enjoy them as much as I did... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00066-00029750-00030154 back then. Just because, it would be fun. Plus, again, I want to get more into middle grade. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00067-00030154-00030354 So I feel like this would be a good jumpstart into that too, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00068-00030355-00030757 rereading the stuff that I loved and then like eventually moving on to stuff that I haven't read yet, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00069-00030773-00031020 but would like to or that intrigues me. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00070-00031020-00031374 The next book I grabbed was Victoria in My Head by Janelle +x8iOnvH-x-8-00071-00031412-00031981 Milanes. This sounded like a fun story. I love music, so anything that has like a music-themed... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00072-00032072-00032649 thinking about around it, I was like "why not?" I don't know much about the synopsis, but I would love to... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00073-00032744-00033052 check it out and see what see if I like it. Okay, the... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00074-00033134-00033484 next book I grabbed was, We Were Beautiful by Heather Hepler. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00075-00033484-00034048 I've actually already read this, I managed to get an e-arc of this last year and I loved it. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00076-00034063-00034402 So, when I saw that they had a paperback copy for sale... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00077-00034402-00035037 I thought it would be a fun thing to get, especially since I did love this this book. It's a nice contemporary.... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00078-00035072-00035267 it does have some like... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00079-00035267-00035646 serious themes, but I did enjoy it a lot and the stories and the characters. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00080-00035660-00036160 So, I definitely recommend this as well. The next book that I grabbed is, One of Us is Next by +x8iOnvH-x-8-00081-00036269-00036469 Karen M. Mcmanus. I... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00082-00036536-00036739 am so excited that I was able to grab this. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00083-00036739-00036919 This was some in the arc table at my job, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00084-00036919-00037276 And so, as soon as I saw I immediately grabbed it and was like, this is mine. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00085-00037276-00037498 I've read One of Us is Lying, which is the... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00086-00037574-00038065 original companion novel to this...like this is the companion novel to that and then I read... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00087-00038129-00038361 Two Can Keep a Secret and I loved both of those reads. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00088-00038362-00038791 So, I'm super excited this and kind of jump back into the world from One of Us is Lying and... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00089-00038825-00039297 just see how the characters are doing. Plus, meet the new characters, that are the main ones in this. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00090-00039359-00039425 And yeah. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00091-00039425-00040010 I'm just super super excited because I love her writing and her storytelling and her mysteries and I loved One of Us is Lying, so exciting! +x8iOnvH-x-8-00092-00040149-00040308 Okay, so the last... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00093-00040308-00040823 few things that I got before I move on to the gifts that I received, I got from rightstufanime. I... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00094-00040917-00041516 love that site. It sells manga and anime and anything related to manga and anime and stuff like that... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00095-00041516-00041906 and so their sales are always the best and I... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00096-00042084-00042326 managed to get a few things over break and... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00097-00042387-00042842 They had a lot of sales happening during... especially like really good sales during winter... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00098-00042843-00043280 and so I managed to get a bundle of manga like a... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00099-00043411-00043937 lot of manga, but one of the ones I'm super proud of I just recently got and they are the, first +x8iOnvH-x-8-00100-00043993-00044291 six volumes of Haiku!!, it's the +x8iOnvH-x-8-00101-00044433-00044600 manga and anime that takes place.. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00102-00044600-00045260 It's like a volleyball themed story where like it's about a boys volleyball team that's like trying to get their school +x8iOnvH-x-8-00103-00045294-00045518 basically famous again through volleyball. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00104-00045639-00046250 In general and I love this story. I binge watched all three seasons of the anime +x8iOnvH-x-8-00105-00046250-00046934 and right now, I'm watching them again because the fourth season comes out this month and so I was like well.... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00106-00046934-00047369 I'm just gonna watch them, so I can get ready and then I bought the manga cuz I was like I would totally love to... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00107-00047386-00047891 read the manga and like see if maybe the story goes a little bit further than the anime for right now. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00108-00047958-00048212 But I love the story. It's so funny, so cute. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00109-00048215-00048854 I love sports anime because like the idea of just like teams and like working together just really like.... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00110-00048921-00049160 makes my heart warm. Alright, so the next few books.... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00111-00049161-00049850 I'm gonna show you are just books that I manage to get as gifts for Christmas. So some from friends and some from family. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00112-00049850-00050402 So the first book I got was, All In by Jennifer Lynn Barnes, I got this from my dad. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00113-00050421-00050984 This is the third book in the Natural Series. I was missing... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00114-00051061-00051419 the third one, I had all...I had the first second and the fourth one, but not the third one. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00115-00051419-00051581 And so I was really like, I really need this. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00116-00051581-00051705 I had it on my Kindle. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00117-00051705-00051858 But I wanted a physical copy, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00118-00051858-00052346 because last year I started rereading them and I was tabbing all of my favorite parts and then I realized... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00119-00052346-00052648 I really want a physical copy of this so I can tab on my parts on there, too. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00120-00052652-00052873 So, that's what I'm gonna plan to do sometime this year, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00121-00052874-00053195 hopefully. The next book I received was, I Want to Be Where You Are by +x8iOnvH-x-8-00122-00053195-00053812 by Kristina Forrest. I got this from my friend Allie from Alliewithbooks. Thank you so much Allie, for getting this for me. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00123-00053813-00054014 I love it so much. This has been on my TBR. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00124-00054014-00054349 I think it was one of my anticipated reads of the year...of 2019, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00125-00054350-00054495 I just didn't get to it, of course. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00126-00054495-00055228 But I'm super excited to check this out at some point this new year. The next book I managed to grab was, Strange Planet by Nathan W +x8iOnvH-x-8-00127-00055248-00055335 Pyle. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00128-00055335-00055386 So... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00129-00055386-00055499 I don't know... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00130-00055499-00055539 if you've seen, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00131-00055539-00056185 these comics like the alien comics...there will be like strips like on Facebook or Twitter and it's like these aliens that... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00132-00056192-00056635 take things super literal, if that makes sense. My dad got me this. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00133-00056636-00057064 I've been waiting all year for them to release this cuz I thought that their comics were so cute. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00134-00057067-00057620 And so my dad got me this for Christmas as well, and I'm so happy because again, they're so cute and I love it. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00135-00057620-00058072 They're funny because the aliens take things like so literal...here +x8iOnvH-x-8-00136-00058073-00058595 if you look at the back, they're hugging and it says "let me absorb, let me absorb" so that's just like... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00137-00058602-00059104 super funny. The next book I got was, volume one of Snow White with the Red Hair. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00138-00059104-00059383 I got this from my dad, again, for Christmas and I... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00139-00059567-00059833 loved this anime. It was so good, and I'm was so sad.. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00140-00059833-00060109 when it ended. I was like, "is this all that they're gonna show me, really?" +x8iOnvH-x-8-00141-00060120-00060454 So, I definitely want to pick up the manga again and try and.... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00142-00060477-00060883 read through it because, it's a really good story and I honestly really did enjoy it. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00143-00060883-00061513 So the next book I got was, Vampire Kisses by Ellen Schreiber. I got this from my dad as well, again, for christmas. I... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00144-00061560-00061757 got to the hardcover because...okay, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00145-00061757-00061927 so when I first start reading the series... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00146-00061927-00062524 I got the first like four or five in these like small mass market editions, which...here I can show you. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00147-00062649-00062896 These like mass-market editions like this and they're... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00148-00062916-00063164 tiny and then as I caught up in the series... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00149-00063170-00063649 the books were still new, so they were coming out like in this size and hardcover. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00150-00063650-00063898 So I have like the last half of the series in hardcover, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00151-00063900-00064420 so I was like, I'd really like to exchange my mass markets out for these ones just... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00152-00064476-00065017 so they match and it's not like a weird height difference on my bookshelf. So super grateful to my dad... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00153-00065017-00065565 for getting me this because I really wanted it. The next book that I got was, Renegades by Marissa Meyers. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00154-00065565-00066059 This was given to me by my friend Kerri from Kerrithebookbelle. Thank you so much Kerri. I love you. I.... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00155-00066148-00066371 have actually been really wanting to check this out because.... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00156-00066442-00066684 I'm intrigued by like the superhero and... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00157-00066784-00067064 super villain kind of theme of this and... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00158-00067132-00067568 I've never read a Marissa Meyer book and I'm not interested in reading like the.... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00159-00067594-00068244 Lunar Chronicles, cuz I'm not a sci-fi person at all. But this sounds super super intriguing and I love superheroes. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00160-00068254-00068643 and super villains, I love that like theme of those stories. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00161-00068653-00069023 So I'd totally love to check this out and see if I enjoy it. The next one... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00162-00069024-00069339 I got was, First and Then by Emma Mills. My friend Chloe from +x8iOnvH-x-8-00163-00069397-00069993 the brunette bibliophile, sent this to me and I'm so excited. She knows that I've been trying to get into more +x8iOnvH-x-8-00164-00069993-00070193 Emma Mills books and I read... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00165-00070225-00070770 one of her stories and I really liked it. And so she has been sending me Emma Mills books now. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00166-00070770-00071084 So I'm thoroughly grateful, Thank You Chloe. I love it so much. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00167-00071091-00071415 I'm super excited to get to this, when I can. All right, to the next two books... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00168-00071415-00071948 I was not expecting to get at all and I'm very thankful for this person for giving me these because I... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00169-00071986-00072468 loved this series growing up. So my friend Laura from, book & cookies... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00170-00072478-00072938 She sent me the first two volumes of the W.I.T.C.H graphic novels. They've been... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00171-00073006-00073328 redone, I think they were being reprinted or whatever. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00172-00073329-00073788 And so, I saw that and I've been wanting to get these and she she sent me both of them. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00173-00073788-00074153 And I'm so grateful to her for them. I loved this like cartoon series... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00174-00074230-00074838 When I was younger and it's such a good series and so I was intrigued to read the graphic novel forms and see... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00175-00074848-00075201 how different or similar they are but...oh my gosh, I'm so excited. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00176-00075280-00075528 Again, I love the series so much. It's so funny, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00177-00075528-00075980 I also love like the romances in this especially in like season 2 when they all got boyfriends, I was like... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00178-00075981-00076181 Oh, this is so cool. So, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00179-00076189-00076335 Yeah, I'm weird. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00180-00076335-00076535 Last book, oh my goodness... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00181-00076663-00077277 When I tell you I wasn't expecting to get this book. I was not expecting to get this book at all and... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00182-00077431-00077765 I'm like crazy crazy thankful to this person, but I... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00183-00077887-00078657 received the illustrated edition of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone and my very good friend Sarah from, Novel Sarah-ndipity sent me this. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00184-00078735-00079238 And, I'm so so grateful to her. You should go check out her channel if you haven't already. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00185-00079239-00079869 She makes awesome videos and awesome tags. She has a cute little pokemon tag that she does which eventually I will... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00186-00079936-00080113 do at some point... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00187-00080113-00080600 soon on my channel. I'm just really bad at tags right now, but I love her so much. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00188-00080601-00080785 I met her a book on last year and... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00189-00080785-00081107 she was one of the ones, where I immediately was like...I want to be your friend. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00190-00081108-00081855 I think we are gonna get along great and I am so happy that we did become friends because she's so awesome. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00191-00081855-00082307 And so sweet, again for this. I like freaked out a little bit obviously, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00192-00082375-00082575 but I saw it was from her and I was like +x8iOnvH-x-8-00193-00082627-00083118 you're gonna make me cry a little bit. But yeah love this, love her. I... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00194-00083263-00083664 You should definitely, check out her channel cuz she makes the super awesome videos. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00195-00083664-00083937 Honestly, you should check out all the peoples channels that I mention on here. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00196-00084025-00084225 Besides my dad. My dad doesn't have a channel. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00197-00084277-00084707 But you should check out their channels and I would also link although down below as well. But... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00198-00084808-00085008 yeah, it's..so awesome. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00199-00085099-00085496 Alright, so that is my Winter Haul part 2 for you all. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00200-00085528-00085731 Hopefully, you enjoyed this video. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00201-00085731-00086339 If you liked it, please like it down below. If you have any comments, whether you liked any of the books... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00202-00086340-00086553 I showed you, whether you've read them already and enjoyed them. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00203-00086553-00086813 Please let me know down below, as well. If you're not good at commenting... +x8iOnvH-x-8-00204-00086814-00087006 I'm gonna go ahead and say leave me an emoji down below. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00205-00087006-00087287 I'm stealing the idea for my friend, Sylwia from Wishfulfillment. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00206-00087288-00087540 And if you want to see more videos from me, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00207-00087540-00087987 Please subscribe down below. If you want to follow me on any of my social medias. They are all down below, +x8iOnvH-x-8-00208-00087987-00088472 I've got Twitter, Goodreads, and Instagram. My Twitter is honestly the one I'm most active on. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00209-00088473-00088737 So if you want to interact with me, follow me on there. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00210-00088744-00089267 And if you want to get updated for when I post new videos, please hit that Bell down below. +x8iOnvH-x-8-00211-00089275-00089529 You are all sunflowers in a world full of weeds! +xrGeX6D5YpU-00000-00000059-00000682 AS THE CREW OF USS ANTIETAM CONDUCT AN UNDERWAY OPERATIONAL TEST TO PREPARE FOR THEIR DEPLOYMENT +xrGeX6D5YpU-00001-00000682-00001253 THEY ALSO ENTERTAIN SOME SPECIAL GUESTS. FAMILY AND FRIENDS GOT TO EXPERIENCE LIFE AT SEA +xrGeX6D5YpU-00002-00001253-00001562 FOR A DAY WITH A FAMILY AND FRIENDS DAY CRUISE. +xrGeX6D5YpU-00003-00001562-00002114 "THEY GET TO SEE US AND SEE WHAT IT IS THAT WE DO AND IT BECOMES A LITTLE BIT MORE REAL. IT'S A +xrGeX6D5YpU-00004-00002114-00002543 LITTLE BIT BETTER FOR THE FAMILIES WHEN WE ARE THOUSANDS OF MILES AWAY FOR THEM TO REALIZE +xrGeX6D5YpU-00005-00002543-00002808 OR PICTURE WHAT IT IS THAT WE DO EVERY DAY." +xrGeX6D5YpU-00006-00002808-00003272 THIS IS A RARE OPPORTUNITY FOR FRIENDS AND FAMILY, BUT IT ALSO PROVED TO BE A SPECIAL +xrGeX6D5YpU-00007-00003272-00003397 OPPORTUNITY FOR SAILORS. +xrGeX6D5YpU-00008-00003397-00003914 "WE DON'T HAVE BARBEQUES EVERYDAY, AND WE DON'T GET TO SPRAY THE FIRE HOSE OFF THE FANTAIL, +xrGeX6D5YpU-00009-00003914-00004339 BUT I MEAN WE DO A LOT OF TRAINING AND SO A LOT OF THAT WORKS OUT WELL." +xrGeX6D5YpU-00010-00004339-00004844 FRIENDS AND FAMILY OF USS ANTIETAM SAILORS CAN ALSO LOOK FORWARD TO AN UPCOMING 'TIGER +xrGeX6D5YpU-00011-00004844-00005544 CRUISE', WHERE LOVED ONES CAN JOIN THEIR SAILORS FOR A FEW DAYS. PETTY OFFICER KIRK PUTNAM. +xrGeX6D5YpU-00012-00005548-00005702 YOKOSUKA NAVAL BASE, JAPAN. +xsMIKD83cSA-00000-00001137-00001321 Asin Dikshu https://youtu.be/XCjiSv83goI +xw3JvU_T6B0-00000-00000015-00000431 And we're back. So this is the first +xw3JvU_T6B0-00001-00000475-00001170 Assignment type that you're going to find in every module, and we call this book club. Now, this is an optional +xw3JvU_T6B0-00002-00001254-00001970 Assignment so why is it here? First, it gives you a chance at extra credit by posting to this discussion board. +xw3JvU_T6B0-00003-00002002-00002285 More importantly, most of us are huge +xw3JvU_T6B0-00004-00002343-00002729 Procrastinators, and if you have to write a book report on a book for college +xw3JvU_T6B0-00005-00002730-00002931 It's very likely that you will start that book +xw3JvU_T6B0-00006-00002961-00003599 way too close to deadline...so instead ...I've built in this incentive of giving you extra credit and +xw3JvU_T6B0-00007-00003661-00004133 Every week we'll take on a couple of chapters in the book that will be +xw3JvU_T6B0-00008-00004150-00004553 The basis for the book report that is due at the middle of the semester. Now +xw3JvU_T6B0-00009-00004553-00004943 We'll have a second book report on another book due at the end of the semester. +xw3JvU_T6B0-00010-00004989-00005441 So what do you need to do right now? First thing--you need to order the book. +xw3JvU_T6B0-00011-00005442-00006030 I don't really care if you order it as a hardcopy or if you order it as a Kindle book +xw3JvU_T6B0-00012-00006037-00006551 The book is Four Essential Keys to Effective Communication in Love Life Work-- +xw3JvU_T6B0-00013-00006622-00007256 Anywhere. It was written by Bento Leale III and it includes a 12-day +xw3JvU_T6B0-00014-00007288-00007748 Communication challenge that we will complete as a required part of this course in the semester. +xw3JvU_T6B0-00015-00007770-00008397 So I want you to go ahead and order that book and I want you to review the table of contents, the preface, and the +xw3JvU_T6B0-00016-00008413-00008757 Introduction. That's probably like four or five pages for this first week. +xw3JvU_T6B0-00017-00008764-00009279 But that lets me know that you have the book and you are on track to complete this book report. +xw3JvU_T6B0-00018-00009343-00009936 After that, I want you to think about what are some of your greatest barriers to being an effective +xw3JvU_T6B0-00019-00009990-00010367 Communicator, and I want you to post those here to this discussion. +xw3JvU_T6B0-00020-00010396-00010911 What are your top three barriers? Make sure it's more than 250 words and remember +xw3JvU_T6B0-00021-00010911-00011636 This is extra credit, so it's much more about quality than it's about quantity. If you don't want to do this assignment, +xw3JvU_T6B0-00022-00011640-00012332 That's fine. Skip it. If you do submit to the discussion board and when you're done ...click Next at the bottom of this page. +xz9W_1OzijA-00000-00000498-00000879 Welcome to the UWA weekly webinars series The Science Exchange. +xz9W_1OzijA-00001-00000879-00001266 Let's welcome our presenter, Dr Sam Illingworth. +xz9W_1OzijA-00002-00001268-00001742 He's a senior lecturer in science communication at UWA. +xz9W_1OzijA-00003-00001742-00002101 His research focuses on using poetry and games +xz9W_1OzijA-00004-00002102-00002497 to help develop dialogue between scientists and non scientists +xz9W_1OzijA-00005-00002496-00003081 find out more about his research by visiting www.samillingworth.com +xz9W_1OzijA-00006-00003081-00003463 and also connect with him on Twitter @SamIllingworth +xz9W_1OzijA-00007-00003462-00003835 Thank you very much, Charlotte for that introduction. +xz9W_1OzijA-00008-00003836-00004368 My name is Sam Illingworth and I'm a senior lecturer +xz9W_1OzijA-00009-00004368-00004869 in science communication here at The University of Western Australia +xz9W_1OzijA-00010-00004869-00005271 I have various facets to my research +xz9W_1OzijA-00011-00005271-00005857 the work that I'm going to be talking to today is about the Poetry of Science. +xz9W_1OzijA-00012-00005867-00006318 As you can see here my email address, Twitter handle and my website. +xz9W_1OzijA-00013-00006324-00006661 Please do feel free to reach out to me. +xz9W_1OzijA-00014-00006661-00007199 Really looking forward to taking questions from you at the end of this talk +xz9W_1OzijA-00015-00007200-00007697 But if you want to follow up with during or after, please do so as well. +xz9W_1OzijA-00016-00007697-00008125 So I've decided to set myself a rather ambitious hypothesis, +xz9W_1OzijA-00017-00008125-00008681 shall we say, and I want to state, that poetry can be used +xz9W_1OzijA-00018-00008681-00009109 to move towards a dialogue model of science, communication +xz9W_1OzijA-00019-00009109-00009537 in which members of the general public not only learn about +xz9W_1OzijA-00020-00009537-00009940 scientific research, but contributes towards its development and governance. +xz9W_1OzijA-00021-00009947-00010183 And what I mean here is that. +xz9W_1OzijA-00022-00010197-00010557 We're looking at Science Communication that isn't just +xz9W_1OzijA-00023-00010557-00011042 people. Working out how others can find out about their +xz9W_1OzijA-00024-00011042-00011569 research and be interested in it, but rather how we can set up +xz9W_1OzijA-00025-00011569-00011974 a two way dialogue in which non scientists and scientists +xz9W_1OzijA-00026-00011974-00012379 interact together to develop new research and to develop new +xz9W_1OzijA-00027-00012379-00012784 research governance. And this is the general area of research +xz9W_1OzijA-00028-00012784-00013148 that myself and Dr Heather Brae at UWA +xz9W_1OzijA-00029-00013148-00013553 are interested in and so the hypothesis I've set myself today. +xz9W_1OzijA-00030-00013735-00014156 Is that poetry can enable us to move towards that dialogue model +xz9W_1OzijA-00031-00014530-00014938 I just want to start off with one of the websites that I host +xz9W_1OzijA-00032-00014938-00015337 which is the poetry of science. I set up this blog about five years ago. +xz9W_1OzijA-00033-00015394-00015916 Every week I read a new piece of scientific research +xz9W_1OzijA-00034-00015916-00016612 and I write a poem about it. The reason for this is to try to +xz9W_1OzijA-00035-00016612-00017047 encourage non scientists to find out more about science. +xz9W_1OzijA-00036-00017047-00017395 obviously science is something that's really relevant and +xz9W_1OzijA-00037-00017395-00018236 important to different aspects of society. But it's also just something that's really cool. +xz9W_1OzijA-00038-00018242-00018604 The problem with some scientific research is that it can become +xz9W_1OzijA-00039-00018604-00018890 quite alienating and quite difficult to understand. +xz9W_1OzijA-00040-00018890-00019302 What I wanted to do with the poetry of science website was to write +xz9W_1OzijA-00041-00019302-00019650 about science in a way that would encourage people to find +xz9W_1OzijA-00042-00019650-00020133 out more about that research. You can see here on the home page, +xz9W_1OzijA-00043-00020137-00020664 three of the latest pieces, fanning the flames is about the +xz9W_1OzijA-00044-00020664-00021315 effect of Land Management Strategies on bushfires in Australia +xz9W_1OzijA-00045-00021331-00021657 Moonlight pollination - I'll talk about in a second +xz9W_1OzijA-00046-00021662-00022098 Giggling guano is this really interesting piece of research +xz9W_1OzijA-00047-00022101-00022688 that Penguin poo has so much nitrous oxide in it that it can +xz9W_1OzijA-00048-00022688-00022941 actually cause you to slightly hallucinate. +xz9W_1OzijA-00049-00022941-00023324 if you're in the fields with hundreds of Penguins +xz9W_1OzijA-00050-00023324-00023723 as you might be if you were an Antarctic researcher +xz9W_1OzijA-00051-00023723-00024088 so that's the premise of the website. It's read a piece of research, +xz9W_1OzijA-00052-00024088-00024387 write about it for a nonspecialist audience, +xz9W_1OzijA-00053-00024387-00024568 hopefully engage them with that. +xz9W_1OzijA-00054-00024571-00025356 So this is a really great piece of research from Richard Walton +xz9W_1OzijA-00055-00025356-00025799 and colleagues at the University of Central London (UCL) +xz9W_1OzijA-00056-00025877-00026440 And basically what it did was it looked at how moths are actually +xz9W_1OzijA-00057-00026440-00026830 a really important pollinator, not only because they can +xz9W_1OzijA-00058-00026830-00027350 pollinate at night, unlike bees, but also because they tend to go +xz9W_1OzijA-00059-00027350-00027566 to rare varieties of Flowers. +xz9W_1OzijA-00060-00027631-00027981 Then bees do as well. Therefore creating a larger pollinator +xz9W_1OzijA-00061-00027981-00028295 landscape. So this is really important and vital research +xz9W_1OzijA-00062-00028295-00028681 that people maybe don't know much about. However, if you were +xz9W_1OzijA-00063-00028681-00029381 presented with this research then you would be presented with this abstract here +xz9W_1OzijA-00064-00029451-00029784 Dramatic declines in diagonal pollinators have created great +xz9W_1OzijA-00065-00029784-00030076 scientific interest in plant pollinator relationships and +xz9W_1OzijA-00066-00030076-00030368 associated pollination services exist. In literature, however, +xz9W_1OzijA-00067-00030368-00030785 is generally focused on diagonal pollinating insect AXA, etc etc. +xz9W_1OzijA-00068-00030785-00031160 This is actually a very well written scientific abstract, +xz9W_1OzijA-00069-00031160-00031769 however for a non specialist or an unscientific audience it can be quite alienating +xz9W_1OzijA-00070-00031769-00032161 So what I wanted to do with my poetry was +xz9W_1OzijA-00071-00032161-00032536 think about introducing people to this concept +xz9W_1OzijA-00072-00032536-00032975 that moths are really important nighttime pollinators +xz9W_1OzijA-00073-00032975-00033520 but in a language that's slightly different to technical scientific jargon +xz9W_1OzijA-00074-00033520-00033861 So this is what I came up with +xz9W_1OzijA-00075-00033861-00034304 Beneath Diana's pale embrace. Two months shimmer in the Starlight. +xz9W_1OzijA-00076-00034372-00034854 Waltzing through Moonbeams as they flicker across the cool +xz9W_1OzijA-00077-00034854-00035068 embrace of noon's forgotten corsage. +xz9W_1OzijA-00078-00035068-00035784 Suffused with smoky Browns, their earthy tones glimmer in the gloom +xz9W_1OzijA-00079-00035784-00036137 belly sticky with the latent gratitude +xz9W_1OzijA-00080-00036137-00036358 of their unexpected hosts. +xz9W_1OzijA-00081-00036446-00036647 Timidly, they retreat into the light, +xz9W_1OzijA-00082-00036647-00037386 their labours veiled by nights curtain as we wait for the dawn +xz9W_1OzijA-00083-00037486-00037924 So this is a slightly different way of presenting that research, +xz9W_1OzijA-00084-00037924-00038523 and what I tend to do with the website as well is +xz9W_1OzijA-00085-00038523-00038922 as well as having the poem. There's also a laypersons or non specialists +xz9W_1OzijA-00086-00038922-00039404 summary underneath. And if you ever do visit my website, which +xz9W_1OzijA-00087-00039404-00039833 I encourage you to do, please don't look at the earlier poetry +xz9W_1OzijA-00088-00039833-00040191 that I used to write, as it's very, very literal +xz9W_1OzijA-00089-00040191-00040514 interpretations of the research with horribly forced rhymes of +xz9W_1OzijA-00090-00040514-00040836 variations and statistics and things. It's not very nice. +xz9W_1OzijA-00091-00040836-00041265 Whereas what I've tried to do recently is have the layperson +xz9W_1OzijA-00092-00041265-00041767 summary, but then also have the poem as a way to try and inspire +xz9W_1OzijA-00093-00041767-00042185 people, or get them thinking about the research in a different way. +xz9W_1OzijA-00094-00042185-00042461 I also have an accompanying podcast called +xz9W_1OzijA-00095-00042461-00042841 the poetry of science, which you can find on all good podcast +xz9W_1OzijA-00096-00042841-00043291 providers. I was heartened this week to find out that my podcast +xz9W_1OzijA-00097-00043291-00043672 is listened to more people than the New York Times poetry +xz9W_1OzijA-00098-00043672-00044018 podcast on certain platforms, which made me feel very good +xz9W_1OzijA-00099-00044018-00044468 about myself. Although I have to say my poetry is nowhere near as +xz9W_1OzijA-00100-00044468-00044814 good as anything that's ever appeared in The New Yorker. +xz9W_1OzijA-00101-00044870-00045035 So please do check that out. +xz9W_1OzijA-00102-00045097-00045608 along with the the blog and what I do with the podcast is I +xz9W_1OzijA-00103-00045608-00046017 tried to introduce a bit more of the science and also bring in +xz9W_1OzijA-00104-00046017-00046358 some poetry from non scientists and non Sam Illingworth people +xz9W_1OzijA-00105-00046358-00046733 that also talk about the research or look at a topic +xz9W_1OzijA-00106-00046733-00047108 that's related to that research in some way, shape or form. +xz9W_1OzijA-00107-00047189-00047642 But going back to my original hypothesis of, to what extent +xz9W_1OzijA-00108-00047642-00047889 can poetry help to develop a +xz9W_1OzijA-00109-00047889-00048330 dialogue model? Is this actually two way communication? I don't know. +xz9W_1OzijA-00110-00048330-00048921 What I'm really doing there is, I'm finding out science that I find to be interesting. +xz9W_1OzijA-00111-00048921-00049390 I'm writing about it in a way that tells other people about it +xz9W_1OzijA-00112-00049290-00050200 but am I creating a Space in which dialogue can take place? I'm not entirely sure. +xz9W_1OzijA-00113-00050200-00050600 I mean similarly to that, I've recently written a book called +xz9W_1OzijA-00114-00050600-00050958 "A Sonnet To Science: scientists and their poetry" +xz9W_1OzijA-00115-00050958-00051520 available on all good book shops and some not so good book shops as well +xz9W_1OzijA-00116-00051520-00052100 and what this book does, was it looked at famous scientists through history +xz9W_1OzijA-00117-00052100-00052924 who wrote poetry and explores how that poetry informed their research +xz9W_1OzijA-00118-00052924-00053300 and informed their lives and practices as well. +xz9W_1OzijA-00119-00053392-00053632 So people like Humphrey Davy. Ada Lovelace. +xz9W_1OzijA-00120-00053639-00054500 Ronald Ross, who was the person who made the discovery between mosquitoes and malaria. +xz9W_1OzijA-00121-00054558-00055200 This was a very interesting book to research as it helped me to further understand +xz9W_1OzijA-00122-00055200-00055700 this duality between science and poetry. +xz9W_1OzijA-00123-00055700-00056130 And that actually they're not necessarily mutually exclusive entities, +xz9W_1OzijA-00124-00056130-00056600 but rather complementary disciplines that help us to better understand +xz9W_1OzijA-00125-00056600-00057068 the world in the way in which we live. But again, is this two way communication? +xz9W_1OzijA-00126-00057068-00057376 If I'm challenging myself, than no, it's not. +xz9W_1OzijA-00127-00057376-00057825 It's me writing a book telling people aren't I great, isn't this interesting science. +xz9W_1OzijA-00128-00057825-00058400 Isn't this interesting poetry. It's not two way dialogue. +xz9W_1OzijA-00129-00058553-00059100 What this led me to think, though, and what this led me to develop was +xz9W_1OzijA-00130-00059100-00059554 a process and a research methodology in which we can use poetry +xz9W_1OzijA-00131-00059554-00060000 to develop dialogue between disparate groups +xz9W_1OzijA-00132-00060000-00060375 So if we think about developing dialogue, why do we want to do that? +xz9W_1OzijA-00133-00060375-00060649 Why do we even want to involve non scientists +xz9W_1OzijA-00134-00060649-00061000 in research governance and in research direction +xz9W_1OzijA-00135-00061076-00061546 well the reason is because if we don't, we're actually ignoring a huge data set. +xz9W_1OzijA-00136-00061546-00062100 Let's think about something like; flood risk mitigation strategies. +xz9W_1OzijA-00137-00062100-00062700 Now if I'm working with a local community group and I tell them +xz9W_1OzijA-00138-00062700-00063000 I'm a scientist, I've looked at your data. This area is going to flood. +xz9W_1OzijA-00139-00063000-00063200 This area is going to flood. This area is going to flood. +xz9W_1OzijA-00140-00063200-00063551 This is what you need to do to stop that from happening. +xz9W_1OzijA-00141-00063613-00064154 Well, that's great, but what about all of the expertise and +xz9W_1OzijA-00142-00064154-00064597 local and tacit knowledge of those local community groups? +xz9W_1OzijA-00143-00064657-00065132 Not only am I ignoring that, but I'm also removing any agency +xz9W_1OzijA-00144-00065132-00065607 from those groups, which means that they are far less likely to +xz9W_1OzijA-00145-00065607-00066043 take up. Any recommendations that I have with them. So what +xz9W_1OzijA-00146-00066043-00066518 we need to be doing more as scientists is working with those +xz9W_1OzijA-00147-00066518-00066914 members of society that are affected by our research and +xz9W_1OzijA-00148-00066914-00067310 asking for their opinions and working with them and treating +xz9W_1OzijA-00149-00067310-00067706 them as experts because they are experts. They're just not +xz9W_1OzijA-00150-00067706-00068179 scientists necessarily. However, what I found, and what others have +xz9W_1OzijA-00151-00068179-00068530 found is that when we bring together scientists and +xz9W_1OzijA-00152-00068530-00068842 nonscientists to start having this two way dialogue: +xz9W_1OzijA-00153-00068895-00069255 we get established, what I call, 'hierarchies of intellect'. +xz9W_1OzijA-00154-00069255-00069656 So this means that, let's say, again, we're talking about flood risk. +xz9W_1OzijA-00155-00069656-00070178 There might be people that are in a community who have been +xz9W_1OzijA-00156-00070178-00070900 living in that area for 50... 60... 70 years and have a lot of expertise with flood risk mitigation strategies. +xz9W_1OzijA-00157-00070900-00071425 However, when we bring them and scientists into a room +xz9W_1OzijA-00158-00071425-00071854 People that are non scientists can maybe feel intimidated or +xz9W_1OzijA-00159-00071854-00072325 can feel that they aren't an expert because they don't have +xz9W_1OzijA-00160-00072325-00072712 the requisite letters after their name, even though actually +xz9W_1OzijA-00161-00072712-00073183 they have a lot of valuable expertise and knowledge to offer +xz9W_1OzijA-00162-00073183-00073827 to that group. So what we need to do is we need to level these +xz9W_1OzijA-00163-00073827-00074299 hierarchies. We need to find a way that can engender dialogue +xz9W_1OzijA-00164-00074299-00074599 and breakdown barriers between scientists and Nonscientists. +xz9W_1OzijA-00165-00074606-00075001 And the methodology that I've proposed and that I've developed +xz9W_1OzijA-00166-00075001-00075500 with colleagues such as Kirsten Jack at Manchester Metropolitan University, +xz9W_1OzijA-00167-00075500-00076300 is to use poetry. And what I mean by this is, it's writing poetry together +xz9W_1OzijA-00168-00076300-00076700 and using that poetry as the foundation of workshops +xz9W_1OzijA-00169-00076700-00076929 and the development of dialogue. +xz9W_1OzijA-00170-00076929-00077267 And it's not about creating aesthetically pleasing poetry, +xz9W_1OzijA-00171-00077267-00077690 although sometimes that might be the case. It doesn't really +xz9W_1OzijA-00172-00077690-00077901 matter what the poetry looks like. +xz9W_1OzijA-00173-00077901-00078432 It's more about using the poetry as a starting point for +xz9W_1OzijA-00174-00078432-00078778 dialogue, and this is really effective for three reasons. +xz9W_1OzijA-00175-00078778-00079162 Reason, number one, it grants permission to the non scientists +xz9W_1OzijA-00176-00079162-00079546 that their voice is worth listening to because when you +xz9W_1OzijA-00177-00079546-00080045 create a poem and read it out, people can't tell you that it's +xz9W_1OzijA-00178-00080045-00080275 wrong or right. It's a poem. +xz9W_1OzijA-00179-00080363-00080853 Number 2 it grants permission to the scientists that they can display +xz9W_1OzijA-00180-00080853-00081344 an element of pathos. Now, scientists from an early age are +xz9W_1OzijA-00181-00081344-00081567 often taught to present cold +xz9W_1OzijA-00182-00081567-00082071 hard facts. And to maybe not display level of emotion. Now +xz9W_1OzijA-00183-00082071-00082427 when you're doing scientific research, it's very important to +xz9W_1OzijA-00184-00082427-00082784 have objectivity. However, I believe that when you're talking +xz9W_1OzijA-00185-00082784-00083140 about the impacts of your research, it's really important +xz9W_1OzijA-00186-00083140-00083536 to display an element of pathos, because otherwise what happens +xz9W_1OzijA-00187-00083536-00083943 is you further widen the disconnect between science and society +xz9W_1OzijA-00188-00083943-00084400 How can you talk about research on global warming and climate change +xz9W_1OzijA-00189-00084400-00084820 without getting angry or upset or frustrated about it? +xz9W_1OzijA-00190-00084820-00085338 And then the third reason is it creates a shared +xz9W_1OzijA-00191-00085338-00085812 sense of vulnerability, by which I mean it creates a safe +xz9W_1OzijA-00192-00085812-00086200 environment in which people can level these hierarchies. +xz9W_1OzijA-00193-00086200-00086631 For example, if you're a non scientist and you see a +xz9W_1OzijA-00194-00086631-00087105 professor stand up and she reads a really, really bad Haiku. +xz9W_1OzijA-00195-00087111-00087452 Then you realize there, oh, maybe they're fallible after +xz9W_1OzijA-00196-00087452-00087906 all, and we can actually exist together on the same level. +xz9W_1OzijA-00197-00087906-00088399 So that's how poetry can be used in this way, and the screenshot +xz9W_1OzijA-00198-00088399-00088930 is from a paper that I wrote like a couple of years ago. +xz9W_1OzijA-00199-00088930-00089550 Which was based on a study that we did in the UK that +xz9W_1OzijA-00200-00089550-00089869 looked at working with underserved and under heard +xz9W_1OzijA-00201-00089869-00090189 audiences in terms of environmental change. +xz9W_1OzijA-00202-00090189-00090588 So this was working with people living with mental health needs. +xz9W_1OzijA-00203-00090588-00090907 People that identified as being refugees and asylum seekers, +xz9W_1OzijA-00204-00090907-00091306 people living with disabilities and we know from other research +xz9W_1OzijA-00205-00091306-00091665 that it's these underserved and in many cases vulnerable +xz9W_1OzijA-00206-00091665-00092064 communities that are going to be the most affected by +xz9W_1OzijA-00207-00092064-00092463 environmental change. However, their voices are very rarely heard. +xz9W_1OzijA-00208-00092463-00092795 So what we wanted to do is we created an environment +xz9W_1OzijA-00209-00092795-00093191 where we went into these various communities, asked them what was +xz9W_1OzijA-00210-00093191-00093551 important to them in terms of environmental change, and then +xz9W_1OzijA-00211-00093551-00094196 wrote poetry with them to try and identify which issues they wanted to find out more about +xz9W_1OzijA-00212-00094196-00094536 then brought in scientists to talk about those issues, +xz9W_1OzijA-00213-00094536-00094842 then collaboratively wrote poetry to further explore why those issues +xz9W_1OzijA-00214-00094842-00095250 were important and what could be done to mitigate those issues in +xz9W_1OzijA-00215-00095250-00095700 that community. To give you an example of this, we worked with +xz9W_1OzijA-00216-00095700-00096200 one community group in Longsite in Manchester which is in an inner city area +xz9W_1OzijA-00217-00096200-00097100 that has constituency which is generally in the lower socioeconomic bracket +xz9W_1OzijA-00218-00097100-00097932 and these were a group of people who identified as living with serious mental health needs. +xz9W_1OzijA-00219-00097932-00098590 And we asked him to write a poem about issues that were important to them. +xz9W_1OzijA-00220-00098590-00098810 It turns out that air pollution was something that was important to them. +xz9W_1OzijA-00221-00098810-00099029 And then we had a discussion about pollution +xz9W_1OzijA-00222-00099029-00099300 and we asked them again to write a poem about air pollution. +xz9W_1OzijA-00223-00099300-00099614 And one of them wrote this poem, and it's just five lines. +xz9W_1OzijA-00224-00099614-00099886 But I just think it's incredibly powerful. +xz9W_1OzijA-00225-00100051-00100221 I've never seen pollution. +xz9W_1OzijA-00226-00100289-00100413 Never noticed it. +xz9W_1OzijA-00227-00100499-00100655 It's always been here. +xz9W_1OzijA-00228-00100723-00100878 But I'm unaware of it. +xz9W_1OzijA-00229-00100951-00101324 Just breathing. It. In. +xz9W_1OzijA-00230-00101657-00102067 And what that demonstrated to me to the scientists to the non scientists +xz9W_1OzijA-00231-00102067-00102511 in the room was how important it is to give voice to these audiences. +xz9W_1OzijA-00232-00102511-00102922 And how poetry is a way to help to engender that dialogue +xz9W_1OzijA-00233-00102922-00103332 and to create a platform in which they can be heard. +xz9W_1OzijA-00234-00103332-00103753 So continuing this, I was involved in another project +xz9W_1OzijA-00235-00103753-00104137 which was looking at using poetry with different groups, +xz9W_1OzijA-00236-00104137-00104564 again across the UK, and this included faith communities and +xz9W_1OzijA-00237-00104564-00105077 what we found was that using poetry as a way to engender +xz9W_1OzijA-00238-00105077-00105461 dialogue in these workshops. Actually, by creating this safe +xz9W_1OzijA-00239-00105461-00105973 space what it did was it showed that these audiences that had +xz9W_1OzijA-00240-00105973-00106315 traditionally been underserved and under heard actually had +xz9W_1OzijA-00241-00106315-00106874 many, many, great solutions and suggestions for how to tackle +xz9W_1OzijA-00242-00106874-00107229 the interdisciplinary problem that +xz9W_1OzijA-00243-00107229-00107702 is anthropogenic climate change. Certainly working with faith +xz9W_1OzijA-00244-00107702-00108140 communities was a very powerful reminder that at the +xz9W_1OzijA-00245-00108140-00108575 central tenet of many faiths is an idea of stewardship of the Earth. +xz9W_1OzijA-00246-00108575-00109031 So even though this may be tensions between scientists +xz9W_1OzijA-00247-00109031-00109475 and Faith Communities, there are a really sensible set of groups to +xz9W_1OzijA-00248-00109475-00109878 work with in terms of developing attitudes and strategies to +xz9W_1OzijA-00249-00109878-00110321 mitigate and adapt to climate change. And we found that poetry +xz9W_1OzijA-00250-00110321-00110764 was a really powerful way of bringing these disparate groups together. +xz9W_1OzijA-00251-00110764-00111167 In one of the workshops we had people from 5 +xz9W_1OzijA-00252-00111167-00111490 different faiths sat round discussing climate change and +xz9W_1OzijA-00253-00111490-00111740 actually coming to the realisation that +xz9W_1OzijA-00254-00111740-00112200 there are many commonality is there for them to explore. +xz9W_1OzijA-00255-00112200-00112547 Is this two way communication? I would say that it is +xz9W_1OzijA-00256-00112547-00113055 because we worked with these communities. We gave voice +xz9W_1OzijA-00257-00113055-00113393 to these communities and ultimately these communities and +xz9W_1OzijA-00258-00113393-00113901 their ideas have since helped us to inform on our practices with +xz9W_1OzijA-00259-00113901-00114408 how we engage the UK public and other public's on climate change. +xz9W_1OzijA-00260-00114408-00114874 You can check out this report online and from the climate +xz9W_1OzijA-00261-00114874-00115254 communications project that was sponsored by NERC and climate +xz9W_1OzijA-00262-00115254-00115747 outreach. The findings from those previous studies went into them +xz9W_1OzijA-00263-00115747-00116480 So in terms of pathos for the scientists which I talked about earlier. +xz9W_1OzijA-00264-00116480-00116982 This is really one of the finer points I want to finish on now. +xz9W_1OzijA-00265-00117164-00117561 There's not many platforms that enable scientists, I don't think, +xz9W_1OzijA-00266-00117561-00118079 to be able to talk about how they feel about their work +xz9W_1OzijA-00267-00118079-00118517 and their research through an artistic lens and a lot of +xz9W_1OzijA-00268-00118517-00118955 scientists find that they can become +xz9W_1OzijA-00269-00118955-00119313 pigeonholed, and you know they've been told Sciences for +xz9W_1OzijA-00270-00119313-00119790 them, but Arts isn't for them, or poetry isn't for them. +xz9W_1OzijA-00271-00119790-00120200 So I've recently set up a science and poetry Journal called 'Consilience'. +xz9W_1OzijA-00272-00120200-00120589 Which is an opportunity for people to write +xz9W_1OzijA-00273-00120589-00121036 poems about science, and it adopts a science peer review +xz9W_1OzijA-00274-00121036-00121528 model. So we accept all poems. We don't desk reject anything +xz9W_1OzijA-00275-00121528-00122109 and we work with the poets using a peer review system to help +xz9W_1OzijA-00276-00122109-00122521 develop their artistic and poetic abilities. So if there's +xz9W_1OzijA-00277-00122521-00122960 any latent poets out there or talented poets out there or not +xz9W_1OzijA-00278-00122960-00123289 talented poets, everybody is welcome. Please do check out +xz9W_1OzijA-00279-00123289-00123729 that website as it's a great way, I think, of helping to +xz9W_1OzijA-00280-00123788-00124152 grant permission to scientists that writing poetry is an +xz9W_1OzijA-00281-00124152-00124517 acceptable way of not only developing dialogue, but better +xz9W_1OzijA-00282-00124517-00124922 understanding the world in the way in which we live. +xz9W_1OzijA-00283-00125038-00125485 So to return to my hypothesis that poetry can be used to move +xz9W_1OzijA-00284-00125485-00125794 towards a dialogue model of science, communication in which +xz9W_1OzijA-00285-00125794-00126138 members of the general public not only learn about scientific +xz9W_1OzijA-00286-00126138-00126379 research, but contributes towards its development and +xz9W_1OzijA-00287-00126379-00126758 governance. I believe this is definitely the case. I think the +xz9W_1OzijA-00288-00126758-00127205 next stage in a lot of the research that I've been doing is +xz9W_1OzijA-00289-00127205-00127492 further implementing the relationship between +xz9W_1OzijA-00290-00127550-00127811 recommendations and policy change, and that's the next +xz9W_1OzijA-00291-00127811-00128171 stage of what we're doing. But I think I've answered that +xz9W_1OzijA-00292-00128171-00128531 hypothesis quite honestly, and if you would like to find out +xz9W_1OzijA-00293-00128531-00128923 more about my work in my research, please drop me a line +xz9W_1OzijA-00294-00128923-00129315 here and now. I would be very happy to take questions. +xz9W_1OzijA-00295-00129315-00129600 Thank you very much for listening. +xz9W_1OzijA-00296-00129760-00130021 Thank you, Sam. That was +xz9W_1OzijA-00297-00130021-00130439 absolutely fascinating. So let's start with what advice would you +xz9W_1OzijA-00298-00130439-00130753 have for aspiring scientists or aspiring poets who are not +xz9W_1OzijA-00299-00130753-00131098 scientists, how would they make this work for them? How would +xz9W_1OzijA-00300-00131098-00131538 they get in touch with you or get in touch with the community? +xz9W_1OzijA-00301-00131538-00132052 In terms of writing poetry? Yes. +xz9W_1OzijA-00302-00132052-00132497 So please my inbox and my Twitter feed are always open, so +xz9W_1OzijA-00303-00132497-00132942 I'm really, really welcoming for people to come and join. +xz9W_1OzijA-00304-00132942-00133350 I think that writing poetry is a really effective way +xz9W_1OzijA-00305-00133350-00133795 of thinking about your science as well. So I find that there's, +xz9W_1OzijA-00306-00133795-00134129 for two reasons. One, there's something called the incubation +xz9W_1OzijA-00307-00134129-00134686 periods, which is, you know, that thing where you're doing some coding, +xz9W_1OzijA-00308-00134686-00134974 or you're doing some research, design and you're completely +xz9W_1OzijA-00309-00134974-00135490 stuck and so you leave it and you go away for like a few hours +xz9W_1OzijA-00310-00135490-00135834 on a walk or whatever and it comes to you. +xz9W_1OzijA-00311-00135836-00136210 So that's a passive way of identifying the incubation +xz9W_1OzijA-00312-00136210-00136546 period. However, poetries are really effective way of actively +xz9W_1OzijA-00313-00136546-00136958 engaging the incubation period, So what I encourage people to do +xz9W_1OzijA-00314-00136958-00137406 is if you get stuck on a particular problem, write a poem +xz9W_1OzijA-00315-00137406-00137519 about it instead. +xz9W_1OzijA-00316-00137587-00137925 Because what it does is it engages a different part of your +xz9W_1OzijA-00317-00137925-00138263 brain and gets you thinking about it in a different way that +xz9W_1OzijA-00318-00138263-00138602 then really helps that to take place. So that's one reason why +xz9W_1OzijA-00319-00138602-00138912 I always encourage people to write poems. The second thing is +xz9W_1OzijA-00320-00138912-00139307 that it helps us to re discover. I think I love of our research, +xz9W_1OzijA-00321-00139307-00139645 doing science is great but we can become so lost +xz9W_1OzijA-00322-00139645-00140040 in miniature of what we do that it's very very easy to +xz9W_1OzijA-00323-00140040-00140435 forget why we fell in love with science in the first place and I +xz9W_1OzijA-00324-00140435-00140745 think writing poems about it is a really powerful way that +xz9W_1OzijA-00325-00140745-00140886 enables us to do that. +xz9W_1OzijA-00326-00140945-00141380 And as I've demonstrated through my own poetry, you don't need to +xz9W_1OzijA-00327-00141380-00141779 be particularly good in order to create something that is at +xz9W_1OzijA-00328-00141779-00142179 least cathartic in that respect. So yeah, I'd encourage people to +xz9W_1OzijA-00329-00142179-00142614 please do start writing poetry. Feel free to email them to make. +xz9W_1OzijA-00330-00142673-00143226 Had to tweet them to me or to join the Consilience organisation as well. +xz9W_1OzijA-00331-00143306-00143669 Perfect great. I mean who doesn't want to activate both sides of +xz9W_1OzijA-00332-00143669-00144002 their brains, so we've got a question from Nick. +xz9W_1OzijA-00333-00144002-00144336 Awesome presentation he says. And also, how did you originally make the +xz9W_1OzijA-00334-00144336-00144608 link between using poetry and science? That's really good +xz9W_1OzijA-00335-00144608-00145073 question. That's a really good question Nick. So basically when +xz9W_1OzijA-00336-00145073-00145412 I transitioned from my background is an atmospheric +xz9W_1OzijA-00337-00145412-00145709 physicist and when I transitioned from physical +xz9W_1OzijA-00338-00145709-00146006 sciences into social sciences, really through science +xz9W_1OzijA-00339-00146006-00146345 communication. I was originally interested in the relationship +xz9W_1OzijA-00340-00146345-00146896 between science and theatre because I used to be a playwright as well. +xz9W_1OzijA-00341-00146973-00147271 But then I kind of realised there. +xz9W_1OzijA-00342-00147382-00147851 As a teenage boy, I wrote a lot of poetry. I thought +xz9W_1OzijA-00343-00147851-00148248 I was Shelley or Byron or something like that and it +xz9W_1OzijA-00344-00148248-00148465 turned out so that I wasn't. +xz9W_1OzijA-00345-00148465-00149008 And then I thought that all this is a really nice way to maybe +xz9W_1OzijA-00346-00149008-00149357 think about communicating science. One of my friends then +xz9W_1OzijA-00347-00149357-00149745 challenged me to actually investigate this, and I've got a +xz9W_1OzijA-00348-00149745-00150172 paper out in the Journal F-1000 which looks at +xz9W_1OzijA-00349-00150172-00150443 how poems could potentially replace the traditional +xz9W_1OzijA-00350-00150443-00150831 scientific abstract. So I gave 50 scientists a prose abstract +xz9W_1OzijA-00351-00150831-00151297 and I gave 50 scientists the poem that I wrote about that +xz9W_1OzijA-00352-00151297-00151530 pros Abstract and ask them to +xz9W_1OzijA-00353-00151538-00151881 rank it in terms of access, ability, interest and +xz9W_1OzijA-00354-00151881-00152267 inspiration and with statistical significance, I am pleased to +xz9W_1OzijA-00355-00152267-00152653 say that on every category the scientists preferred the +xz9W_1OzijA-00356-00152653-00153168 original pros to my poem, which was just an indictment of their +xz9W_1OzijA-00357-00153168-00153597 complete lack of aesthetic taste, I think. But yeah, that +xz9W_1OzijA-00358-00153597-00153897 was how I got started in it, really. +xz9W_1OzijA-00359-00153897-00154278 Jennifer has a question again, +xz9W_1OzijA-00360-00154278-00154662 Fascinating talk. But as a means of engagement with the community +xz9W_1OzijA-00361-00154662-00155046 had his poetry compared to other arts such as music or painting. +xz9W_1OzijA-00362-00155046-00155395 Again, really good question. So every single time +xz9W_1OzijA-00363-00155395-00155778 I write anything about poetry, like in a research journal, +xz9W_1OzijA-00364-00155778-00156232 it's like why? But why are you doing poetry over any other form +xz9W_1OzijA-00365-00156232-00156686 and every single art form is a great way of engaging those +xz9W_1OzijA-00366-00156686-00157000 different groups. I think poetry is just something that I can do. +xz9W_1OzijA-00367-00157008-00157430 I'm not particularly great at drawing, +xz9W_1OzijA-00368-00157430-00157888 so that's why I use it, but I think also it's super accessible. I mean, +xz9W_1OzijA-00369-00157888-00158380 you need a pen and a piece of paper or or laptop, and it +xz9W_1OzijA-00370-00158380-00158697 even transcends language. When I've worked with asylum +xz9W_1OzijA-00371-00158697-00159049 seekers and refugees and people where English, isn't their first +xz9W_1OzijA-00372-00159049-00159366 language. We've basically just used Google translate and then +xz9W_1OzijA-00373-00159366-00159718 written in people's mother tongue. And it's an amazing way +xz9W_1OzijA-00374-00159718-00160034 of giving. You know, giving agency in ownership to those +xz9W_1OzijA-00375-00160034-00160310 communities that they can communicate in a language that +xz9W_1OzijA-00376-00160310-00160799 they feel passionate about and that they're able more freely to talk about. +xz9W_1OzijA-00377-00160858-00161300 It made me revisit my own expectations. We've done +xz9W_1OzijA-00378-00161300-00161706 some of these workshops. I've gone into it with maybe a +xz9W_1OzijA-00379-00161706-00162038 prejudice that this group doesn't have an understanding of +xz9W_1OzijA-00380-00162038-00162407 environmental change. But then, once we've done the poetry and +xz9W_1OzijA-00381-00162407-00162739 we use different languages, it's actually transpired that they +xz9W_1OzijA-00382-00162739-00163182 really do it's just the English was the thing that was holding +xz9W_1OzijA-00383-00163182-00163367 them back from expressing it. +xz9W_1OzijA-00384-00163371-00163771 Quite common to. I've got another question. +xz9W_1OzijA-00385-00163842-00164220 From Linda, do you think we could use poetry to communicate +xz9W_1OzijA-00386-00164220-00164530 the process of science and not just our results? +xz9W_1OzijA-00387-00164623-00164927 Absolutely, that's a great question! Please do email me. +xz9W_1OzijA-00388-00164927-00165265 I'd be very interested to collaborate on how +xz9W_1OzijA-00389-00165265-00165403 to do that. But I think sometimes +xz9W_1OzijA-00390-00165403-00165772 the problem with science, sometimes it is quite opaque. +xz9W_1OzijA-00391-00165772-00166400 I think breaking down these barriers between science and society, +xz9W_1OzijA-00392-00166400-00166847 (remembering that scientists are part of society as well) is really, really important. +xz9W_1OzijA-00393-00166847-00167177 And being as transparent as possible so that. +xz9W_1OzijA-00394-00167238-00167500 When we're working with these communities were saying look, +xz9W_1OzijA-00395-00167500-00167985 we're part of your community as well. I work on climate change. +xz9W_1OzijA-00396-00167985-00168377 I'm affected by climate change as well, right? Like I'm +xz9W_1OzijA-00397-00168377-00168697 part of your community. I'm part of your society. +xz9W_1OzijA-00398-00168699-00169068 I think making science transparent, for example +xz9W_1OzijA-00399-00169068-00169468 through poetry, through art, through sculpture, through dance +xz9W_1OzijA-00400-00169468-00169935 is a really powerful way of us helping to transcend those barriers. +xz9W_1OzijA-00401-00169935-00170437 Moira asked if perhaps we should have light +xz9W_1OzijA-00402-00170437-00170937 relief for assessors. Do you think funding bodies will react +xz9W_1OzijA-00403-00170937-00171200 well to poetry in grant applications? +xz9W_1OzijA-00404-00171200-00171896 I can tell you now that they react terribly to poetry in funding, no, no, they don't. +xz9W_1OzijA-00405-00171896-00172400 I think they act OK to poetry in funding applications. +xz9W_1OzijA-00406-00172400-00172967 I think that with with any arts based approach, you know it's +xz9W_1OzijA-00407-00172967-00173280 interdisciplinary as well, so sometimes there's a danger that +xz9W_1OzijA-00408-00173280-00173600 it can kind of fall between the the gaps. +xz9W_1OzijA-00409-00173600-00174080 So a lot of funding bodies are very keen to talk about interdisciplinary +xz9W_1OzijA-00410-00174080-00174428 research, but certainly from my own experience, when you apply +xz9W_1OzijA-00411-00174428-00174742 for interdisciplinary work in the Sciences or the Social +xz9W_1OzijA-00412-00174742-00175124 Sciences or H umanities, what tends to happen is they say, Oh, +xz9W_1OzijA-00413-00175124-00175507 but that's a science issue, or that's a humanities issue, or +xz9W_1OzijA-00414-00175507-00175681 that's the social science issue. +xz9W_1OzijA-00415-00175689-00176067 But I have definitely included poetry in successful grant +xz9W_1OzijA-00416-00176067-00176193 applications before so. +xz9W_1OzijA-00417-00176264-00176500 I would encourage people to continue doing that. +xz9W_1OzijA-00418-00176500-00176739 Well, that's good to know. +xz9W_1OzijA-00419-00176739-00177077 Brady's got a question saying that there is commonly push +xz9W_1OzijA-00420-00177077-00177377 back from older academics against anything with an +xz9W_1OzijA-00421-00177377-00177827 artistic side. So what advice do you have for people who are +xz9W_1OzijA-00422-00177827-00178239 trying to convince others of using sort of poetry for this +xz9W_1OzijA-00423-00178239-00178682 science communication? I'd say I would say honestly there when +xz9W_1OzijA-00424-00178682-00179055 you scratch the surface, many of those older academics actually +xz9W_1OzijA-00425-00179055-00179428 are really, really interested in the arts, like either they've +xz9W_1OzijA-00426-00179428-00179838 got their own like arts collections or they spend a lot +xz9W_1OzijA-00427-00179838-00180323 of time at the theater or the opera or art museums. And once +xz9W_1OzijA-00428-00180323-00180771 you get past that and you explain to them that look, this +xz9W_1OzijA-00429-00180771-00181256 is actually a way of utilising that interest in a way that can +xz9W_1OzijA-00430-00181256-00181405 help to bring in +xz9W_1OzijA-00431-00181411-00181791 new audiences to discuss science. I think that can +xz9W_1OzijA-00432-00181791-00182003 actually be a real commonality. +xz9W_1OzijA-00433-00182004-00182374 There's always kick back against when you do things that are +xz9W_1OzijA-00434-00182374-00182812 slightly different. You know, I spend a lot of my time +xz9W_1OzijA-00435-00182812-00183250 my research is around using poetry in games. I mean, I spend a lot +xz9W_1OzijA-00436-00183250-00183722 of my time having to defend the fact that what I do is serious +xz9W_1OzijA-00437-00183722-00184148 research. But I think that by speaking in a language that +xz9W_1OzijA-00438-00184148-00184494 those audiences understand, and for example with some older +xz9W_1OzijA-00439-00184494-00184879 academics that might be with regards to grant successes or +xz9W_1OzijA-00440-00184879-00185264 it might be with regards to H indexes or publications +xz9W_1OzijA-00441-00185264-00185688 successes, then that's how you can do that with any audiences +xz9W_1OzijA-00442-00185688-00186073 about working out what language they speak and then developing +xz9W_1OzijA-00443-00186073-00186227 it appropriately for them. +xz9W_1OzijA-00444-00186325-00186939 Elliott's also asking, +xz9W_1OzijA-00445-00186939-00187443 what do you think is the relationship between poetry and truth? +xz9W_1OzijA-00446-00187503-00187987 The relationship between poetry and truth... WOW! +xz9W_1OzijA-00447-00187988-00188379 That's a deep question. OK, so +xz9W_1OzijA-00448-00188379-00188700 I think. Sorry to drop that one one you. No, I think I think +xz9W_1OzijA-00449-00188700-00189146 that with. With with anything right? Like with science, with +xz9W_1OzijA-00450-00189146-00189470 history. With poetry, it's whoever, to some extent, the +xz9W_1OzijA-00451-00189470-00189866 truth is determined by the people who write it. And there's +xz9W_1OzijA-00452-00189866-00190154 always different lenses of truth as well. +xz9W_1OzijA-00453-00190277-00190619 Now, conducting science is attached to a certain privilege, +xz9W_1OzijA-00454-00190619-00191113 like to be able to do science, to be able to do scientific +xz9W_1OzijA-00455-00191113-00191531 research, you have to have certain privileges to be able to +xz9W_1OzijA-00456-00191531-00191949 do that. However, I'd make an argument that anybody can at +xz9W_1OzijA-00457-00191949-00192367 least have access to writing poetry and to doing poetry and +xz9W_1OzijA-00458-00192367-00192861 the truths that you can develop and that you can put forward as +xz9W_1OzijA-00459-00192861-00193438 a poet. Are fundamentally personal to you, but also +xz9W_1OzijA-00460-00193438-00194200 potentially universal as well. So I would say that poetry and truth, +xz9W_1OzijA-00461-00194200-00194733 are very important things to consider, and they offer an +xz9W_1OzijA-00462-00194733-00195176 opportunity for talking about that. Your truth for you as a +xz9W_1OzijA-00463-00195176-00195578 person and use a community, maybe more so than science +xz9W_1OzijA-00464-00195578-00195698 enables as well. +xz9W_1OzijA-00465-00195754-00196103 But again, of course, remembering that poetry is +xz9W_1OzijA-00466-00196103-00196234 very, very subjective. +xz9W_1OzijA-00467-00196345-00196888 Very personal. Probably just one or two last. Once we've got +xz9W_1OzijA-00468-00196888-00197348 one from Vivian who uses poetry, theater and prose as a way of +xz9W_1OzijA-00469-00197348-00197631 interrogating science and society, which seems to go +xz9W_1OzijA-00470-00197631-00197950 beyond communicating just the science. And her question is, +xz9W_1OzijA-00471-00197950-00198339 where do you see this in the wider context of science +xz9W_1OzijA-00472-00198339-00198839 communication? So I think that this many people, there's quite a +xz9W_1OzijA-00473-00198839-00199281 few people doing interesting work around the use of poetry in +xz9W_1OzijA-00474-00199281-00199442 terms of Science Communication. +xz9W_1OzijA-00475-00199504-00200016 I think, part of trying to convince people that +xz9W_1OzijA-00476-00200016-00200400 it's a serious discipline and it's a serious aspect is +xz9W_1OzijA-00477-00200400-00200784 creating platforms in which that can be published, +xz9W_1OzijA-00478-00200784-00201211 and that can be experienced. So I'm also the +xz9W_1OzijA-00479-00201211-00201553 chief executive editor of the Journal Geoscience Communication. +xz9W_1OzijA-00480-00201679-00202111 Which is part of the Copernicus table. So it's a very +xz9W_1OzijA-00481-00202111-00202507 serious Journal. But in that Journal what we do is we +xz9W_1OzijA-00482-00202507-00202831 encourage people to explore these topics. So Vivian had +xz9W_1OzijA-00483-00202831-00203227 research that she was interested in publishing. I'd be really +xz9W_1OzijA-00484-00203227-00203623 happy to talk about that two recent papers I was involved +xz9W_1OzijA-00485-00203623-00203947 with, one with my colleague Doctor Ariana Soldati, which +xz9W_1OzijA-00486-00203947-00204379 looked at all of the poetry that had been written about volcanoes +xz9W_1OzijA-00487-00204379-00204739 since the year 1800 and then performed a qualitative thematic +xz9W_1OzijA-00488-00204739-00205190 analysis. Looking at how that voice had changed and what that +xz9W_1OzijA-00489-00205190-00205556 told us about the relationship between humankind and volcanoes. +xz9W_1OzijA-00490-00205619-00205898 And then another paper I wrote recently +xz9W_1OzijA-00491-00205898-00206335 was looking at 80 different poems about climate change and +xz9W_1OzijA-00492-00206335-00206797 doing a coding analysis of that to tell us how poets interpreted +xz9W_1OzijA-00493-00206797-00207221 the at times esoteric principles of climate change and what that +xz9W_1OzijA-00494-00207221-00207644 in turn could do to help us better communicate science or +xz9W_1OzijA-00495-00207644-00208029 climate change to different audiences. So I think it's about +xz9W_1OzijA-00496-00208029-00208491 creating platforms that help to put this kind of research on a +xz9W_1OzijA-00497-00208491-00208761 similar level as other interdisciplinary studies as +xz9W_1OzijA-00498-00208761-00209263 well, and I'm really happy to talk about Geoscience Communication to anybody. +xz9W_1OzijA-00499-00209358-00209814 Thank you and the last one for today. Can you please let us +xz9W_1OzijA-00500-00209814-00210173 know how you use poetry and games? This is from Joanne. +xz9W_1OzijA-00501-00210236-00210734 OK, I use poetry in games? I think I'm still in the process +xz9W_1OzijA-00502-00210734-00211197 of trying to workout how to use poetry in games. Joanne so my +xz9W_1OzijA-00503-00211197-00211553 other research is basically as a games designer with my +xz9W_1OzijA-00504-00211553-00212016 colleague, Dr Paul Wake and we do a lot of work in working +xz9W_1OzijA-00505-00212016-00212336 with community organisations and working with different Publics in +xz9W_1OzijA-00506-00212336-00212728 designing games that can then be used to engender dialogue around +xz9W_1OzijA-00507-00212728-00213119 a particular topic. So for example, we recently did a game +xz9W_1OzijA-00508-00213119-00213262 called 'Carbon City Zero'. +xz9W_1OzijA-00509-00213265-00213705 Which was done with the climate charity possible in which we +xz9W_1OzijA-00510-00213705-00214025 workshops with a load of activists, community members, +xz9W_1OzijA-00511-00214025-00214344 policymakers, scientists. What was the most important issues +xz9W_1OzijA-00512-00214344-00214825 around becoming the zero carbon city? And then we created a game +xz9W_1OzijA-00513-00214825-00215306 around that. And you can check that workout on a website that +xz9W_1OzijA-00514-00215306-00215650 I'm also the co-director of which is the Manchester Game +xz9W_1OzijA-00515-00215650-00216025 Studies Network. But I'm now that you said that I'm going to +xz9W_1OzijA-00516-00216025-00216432 have to try and workout a way of making a game that involves +xz9W_1OzijA-00517-00216432-00216777 poetry and why haven't done that before. Thank you for bringing +xz9W_1OzijA-00518-00216777-00217058 another aspect to those Venn diagrams together. I appreciate that. +xz9W_1OzijA-00519-00217058-00217530 Something else for you to do in all your spare time. +xz9W_1OzijA-00520-00217629-00217979 Well, we'd like to thank everyone for listening to us +xz9W_1OzijA-00521-00217979-00218364 today and attending, and also if you're watching it later. +xz9W_1OzijA-00522-00218364-00218784 Also very special. Thank you to Sam and to keep the conversation +xz9W_1OzijA-00523-00218784-00219134 going. You can head over to Sam's website, which is +xz9W_1OzijA-00524-00219134-00219414 www.samillingworth.com and is also on Twitter @SamIllingworth +xz9W_1OzijA-00525-00219414-00219834 You can keep up to date with what's happening in +xz9W_1OzijA-00526-00219834-00220148 this space, which is where poetry in science meet. +xz9W_1OzijA-00527-00220205-00220503 UWA has some great courses available on this if that's of +xz9W_1OzijA-00528-00220503-00220774 interest to you. So in the meantime, +xz9W_1OzijA-00529-00220774-00221072 don't forget to catch up with this next week when will have +xz9W_1OzijA-00530-00221072-00221343 another very interesting topic to discuss. +xz9W_1OzijA-00531-00221343-00221478 Thank you very much for your time goodbye. +xzwTazHoIOo-00000-00001106-00001544 So thank you for the opportunity to say hello from the International Center for Tropical +xzwTazHoIOo-00001-00001544-00002014 Agriculture, CIAT, from beautiful Cali, Colombia. +xzwTazHoIOo-00002-00002014-00002535 We are very excited with the GLF global agenda. +xzwTazHoIOo-00003-00002535-00003211 We’ve been a founding member of the platform, and we thank Germany for their fantastic leadership +xzwTazHoIOo-00004-00003211-00003750 on continued support to the agenda, and even more now expanding the platform to really +xzwTazHoIOo-00005-00003750-00004595 make it a global, big event, and action-research for development connected to three challenges +xzwTazHoIOo-00006-00004595-00005344 that we are all facing, all members of GLF are facing, which is landscape restoration, +xzwTazHoIOo-00007-00005344-00005770 climate change, and of course hunger and poverty. +xzwTazHoIOo-00008-00005770-00006390 Now we see this expansion on the platform crucial, because it will involve not only +xzwTazHoIOo-00009-00006390-00006898 the public sector but the private sector, and also it will align us much better to the +xzwTazHoIOo-00010-00006898-00007498 targets, that we are all committed to work on for the sustainable development goals. +xzwTazHoIOo-00011-00007498-00008161 Here at CIAT, globally, Africa, Asia, and in Latin America we just launched a year ago +xzwTazHoIOo-00012-00008161-00008336 a new program on land restoration. +xzwTazHoIOo-00013-00008336-00009081 It’s a global program based on our 40 year capacity on soil fertility work, so we are +xzwTazHoIOo-00014-00009081-00009607 really excited to connect to all of you and to contribute as much as we can to these new +xzwTazHoIOo-00015-00009607-00009707 efforts. +xzwTazHoIOo-00016-00009707-00010172 So again, thank you very much for the opportunity, congratulations to Germany for their leadership, +xzwTazHoIOo-00017-00010172-00010465 and we’re looking forward to seeing you soon. +xzbHonbVd1u-00000-00001328-00002064 hi everyone welcome back to a new video here on my channel if +xzbHonbVd1u-00001-00002064-00002736 you are new to my channel and to this video welcome my name is Zyra and i post mainly art +xzbHonbVd1u-00002-00002736-00003272 and drawing videos and tutorials here and there so if that's something that you're interested in +xzbHonbVd1u-00003-00003272-00003800 then feel free to check out my other videos my channel and of course to subscribe hit +xzbHonbVd1u-00004-00003800-00004496 that notification button so that you get notified when i post new videos here on youtube +xzbHonbVd1u-00005-00005176-00006096 for today's video i am doing a sort of real time process of an illustration that i created for +xzbHonbVd1u-00006-00006096-00006672 the draw this in your style challenge which is basically a challenge that went around instagram +xzbHonbVd1u-00007-00006672-00007416 for a couple years i'm pretty sure it started maybe 2018 to 2019 i'm not entirely sure +xzbHonbVd1u-00008-00007416-00008128 but i did have a post um also participating in this challenge back in 2019 but i also know that +xzbHonbVd1u-00009-00008128-00008952 i was late to the game so it may have started a bit earlier than that. Basically the idea of +xzbHonbVd1u-00010-00008952-00009672 this challenge was for an artist to create an illustration of their own their original art +xzbHonbVd1u-00011-00009672-00010296 and tag it using the hashtag draw this in your style or draw this in your style challenge +xzbHonbVd1u-00012-00010296-00011192 and that allows their followers or anyone who sees their artwork to recreate their illustration or +xzbHonbVd1u-00013-00011192-00011792 their drawing in their own style - in that new artist's own style - so that's pretty much what +xzbHonbVd1u-00014-00011792-00012640 i'm doing i have taken um an illustration this really gorgeous illustration by Rafaela Perasinic +xzbHonbVd1u-00015-00012728-00013432 i will insert their link in the description box down below so you can check out their instagram +xzbHonbVd1u-00016-00013432-00013888 and i believe they also have an etsy shop so i will have those linked in the description +xzbHonbVd1u-00017-00013888-00014872 box, but i have taken their drawing and i am recreating it on my right as you can see using +xzbHonbVd1u-00018-00014872-00015504 my own style or whatever style it is that i'm currently fascinated with at the moment +xzbHonbVd1u-00019-00022808-00023840 so i think that's pretty much the basic rules or the idea behind this art challenge you can use +xzbHonbVd1u-00020-00023840-00024592 whatever media you want and of course i decided to use my good old trusty watercolors and paired +xzbHonbVd1u-00021-00024592-00025560 that with my red pencil, more specifically my venetian red pencil by the brand lyra, i will have +xzbHonbVd1u-00022-00025560-00026256 the materials that i used listed down below some of them might even be linked so that you +xzbHonbVd1u-00023-00026256-00026888 can straight away purchase them if ever you are interested in knowing what art materials i use +xzbHonbVd1u-00024-00026952-00027495 in each video, usually they're listed in every single videos especially my newer ones +xzbHonbVd1u-00025-00027495-00028016 my old ones probably not so much i can't say like if i was very consistent on that +xzbHonbVd1u-00026-00028016-00028432 but with newer videos if ever you're curious as to what art materials i use +xzbHonbVd1u-00027-00028432-00029583 because sometimes they do change they will always be listed in the description box down below +xzbHonbVd1u-00028-00043248-00044032 so i'm hoping that you are still watching and enjoying this video if it has put you in the mood +xzbHonbVd1u-00029-00044032-00044672 to draw definitely grab your own art supplies and continue drawing along with me because we +xzbHonbVd1u-00030-00044672-00045480 still have a long way to go with this video like i said it is a somewhat real-time process so this is +xzbHonbVd1u-00031-00045480-00046144 quite a long video however it's not actually that long and i do refer to it as a somewhat real time +xzbHonbVd1u-00032-00046200-00047184 because i actually did speed up this um video i personally draw really slow especially if um i'm +xzbHonbVd1u-00033-00047184-00048104 just kind of taking my time and i am just doing it for like relaxation therapeutic kind of purposes i +xzbHonbVd1u-00034-00048104-00048824 try not to draw too fast or else i don't know because like everything i feel like that i do +xzbHonbVd1u-00035-00048904-00049568 especially once it starts it starts becoming like work i feel like oh it has to be fast because then +xzbHonbVd1u-00036-00049672-00050360 then you get more out of your day but sometimes you just want to draw and just relax and take +xzbHonbVd1u-00037-00050360-00050976 things slow and so that's what i was doing for this particular video, it was very chill so +xzbHonbVd1u-00038-00051104-00051864 that ended up with a real time video where i was just super slow and +xzbHonbVd1u-00039-00051960-00052808 i was also kind of just pausing every two seconds literally like i had to edit out all of the times +xzbHonbVd1u-00040-00052808-00053384 where my hand wasn't doing anything because sometimes i would create a stroke and then +xzbHonbVd1u-00041-00053544-00054336 i would pause and kind of like assess if if it was correct or something and then and then i would +xzbHonbVd1u-00042-00054336-00055055 paint again so i had to edit those out it was actually a lot of times and even then the +xzbHonbVd1u-00043-00055184-00055664 whole painting process was still a little bit too slow for my taste so i decided to kind of just +xzbHonbVd1u-00044-00055664-00056216 amp it up a little bit speed it up instead of like a hundred percent i just put it to +xzbHonbVd1u-00045-00056216-00056928 a hundred and fifty percent so it's not like a speed paint where everything's going by so fast +xzbHonbVd1u-00046-00056928-00057504 i feel like you can still see every single detail that i add onto this illustration +xzbHonbVd1u-00047-00057504-00058984 you can see like the strokes that i'm making but it's just not super slow if that makes any sense +xzbHonbVd1u-00048-00060864-00061591 and also if you have any suggestions for topics that you might want to hear me talk about in +xzbHonbVd1u-00049-00061591-00062144 videos like this then let me know in the comments down below if you have any questions for me +xzbHonbVd1u-00050-00062240-00063024 then feel free to comment them down below and perhaps i could do like a Q&A in another video +xzbHonbVd1u-00051-00063024-00063504 where i'm also kind of just drawing and it's not like a tutorial video or anything like that +xzbHonbVd1u-00052-00063504-00064176 because i do like posting these kind of videos they're very easy for me to make and they aren't +xzbHonbVd1u-00053-00064176-00064840 as time consuming however the only thing that kind of puts me down with speed faint videos is that +xzbHonbVd1u-00054-00064952-00065712 i know a lot of people want to do or want me to do a commentary or like a voice over so that it's +xzbHonbVd1u-00055-00065712-00066344 not just music and i completely understand that however i just have absolutely no idea what i +xzbHonbVd1u-00056-00066344-00066976 should be talking about because if it's regarding my process honestly i have so many videos +xzbHonbVd1u-00057-00066976-00067480 on how i do things already that i feel like i'm just a broken record and it just sounds +xzbHonbVd1u-00058-00067480-00068032 repetitive to me, it might not sound repetitive to you especially if you're new to my videos but +xzbHonbVd1u-00059-00068136-00068544 that kind of is what puts me off with posting speedpaint videos with +xzbHonbVd1u-00060-00068544-00069176 voice over but yeah, so if you have any questions or any ideas that you would like +xzbHonbVd1u-00061-00069176-00070184 for me to talk about then let me know in the comments down below but yeah i i i need help +xzbHonbVd1u-00062-00071608-00071976 okay i found another thing that i could possibly talk about +xzbHonbVd1u-00063-00071976-00072792 during this video but yes so i created this illustration probably in the beginning of the year +xzbHonbVd1u-00064-00072984-00073416 actually no that's that's completely false because it is now 2022. i feel like i'm still +xzbHonbVd1u-00065-00073416-00074224 thinking like it's 2021, but so i created this earlier in 2021 and you know like i +xzbHonbVd1u-00066-00074224-00074768 filmed it and everything and i actually decided not to post it during the time that i filmed it +xzbHonbVd1u-00067-00074768-00075616 because i wasn't happy with the illustration, like it came out nice um but i felt like +xzbHonbVd1u-00068-00075736-00076856 it was too soft for my personal style and taste because i guess looking back i was a lot more into +xzbHonbVd1u-00069-00076856-00077536 the bolder colors and the way that i colored in the hair for example i was like oh it's +xzbHonbVd1u-00070-00077536-00078240 like that's way too light and there's like not enough contrast so i wasn't happy with it but +xzbHonbVd1u-00071-00078336-00078880 recently i of course like i go through my archives because there's so many videos that i film +xzbHonbVd1u-00072-00078880-00079488 that don't end up getting uploaded so sometimes i go through all of them and then i kind of +xzbHonbVd1u-00073-00079488-00079984 just see like oh okay like maybe i can upload this one like it doesn't look too bad anymore +xzbHonbVd1u-00074-00080072-00080520 so honestly like i don't know what's going on in my head i don't know why i don't upload everything +xzbHonbVd1u-00075-00080520-00081352 that i film but that's just how it is so i thought that this one was actually like it looks really +xzbHonbVd1u-00076-00081352-00082408 nice like months after i painted this i ended up liking it because i guess because i'm embracing +xzbHonbVd1u-00077-00082408-00083400 a softer style so it kind of suits the direction that i'm wanting to go with my art whereas like +xzbHonbVd1u-00078-00083400-00083992 maybe a couple months ago i would have been a bit hesitant with a softer style like this so +xzbHonbVd1u-00079-00084152-00084696 yeah i'm really happy with how this illustration actually turned out i i had fun painting the +xzbHonbVd1u-00080-00084696-00085488 stripes on the shirt even though like it doesn't really look correct if you really think about how +xzbHonbVd1u-00081-00085488-00086320 a striped shirt works but it was just really fun and it's kind of hypnotic in a way i tried my best +xzbHonbVd1u-00082-00086320-00087144 but yeah so that was kind of fun, and you might see later on that i did end up making a mistake +xzbHonbVd1u-00083-00087144-00087832 on the earrings so of course to fix that i ended up using a little bit of gouache um so this one's +xzbHonbVd1u-00084-00087832-00088384 more of a gouache slash watercolor illustration which is usually my illustrations anyway so +xzbHonbVd1u-00085-00092336-00092952 and now we are up to painting the face and the details on the face +xzbHonbVd1u-00086-00092952-00093472 for this illustration and usually if i actually leave it last +xzbHonbVd1u-00087-00093472-00094128 it's the scariest process because i feel like that's the make or break of the illustration +xzbHonbVd1u-00088-00094128-00094688 and i think that's one of the reasons why i wasn't super happy with this um illustration +xzbHonbVd1u-00089-00094824-00095616 by the- like the time that i filmed it because even though i sketched it out first and this kind of +xzbHonbVd1u-00090-00095616-00096136 goes back to the pre- to a previous video where i was saying that sometimes like i sketch things a +xzbHonbVd1u-00091-00096136-00096680 bit too fast and i'm like okay that's good enough whereas like i don't add any details and then +xzbHonbVd1u-00092-00096752-00097416 the drawing kind of suffers towards the end because then i'm left to color and to paint it +xzbHonbVd1u-00093-00097496-00097976 and figure out where certain details go so that's kind of something that i did +xzbHonbVd1u-00094-00097976-00098576 here i just did the sketch like really quickly i didn't really um do it to any sort of detail +xzbHonbVd1u-00095-00098640-00099384 and so when i painted this and decided to add in the details afterwards for the eyes for example +xzbHonbVd1u-00096-00099384-00100088 i find that one eye is just a little bit smaller for my taste and it could have been improved so +xzbHonbVd1u-00097-00100088-00100848 yes if i just focused a little bit more on the details earlier on in the process then perhaps +xzbHonbVd1u-00098-00100936-00101280 this illustration would have been even better than what it currently is but +xzbHonbVd1u-00099-00101360-00101888 even with all of that i'm still really happy with how this turned out i think she looks really cute +xzbHonbVd1u-00100-00101888-00102808 and i feel like i actually captured the features that was simplified in Rafaela's illustration and +xzbHonbVd1u-00101-00102808-00103311 turned it into like my own semi-realistic style like i'm really happy with that i feel like they +xzbHonbVd1u-00102-00103311-00103968 sort of resemble each other so that is going to be it from me and thank +xzbHonbVd1u-00103-00103968-00104483 you so much for watching and i hope to see you in my next one +xAngcxk8Ft0-00000-00000014-00000509 I mean I even have like the Oculus Rift and it's nothing compared to how awesome this was +xAngcxk8Ft0-00001-00000610-00000811 This was ---- I can't even describe it honestly. +xAngcxk8Ft0-00002-00000811-00001028 It's about as real as it gets in VR. +xD1uoqTvylu-00000-00000516-00001029 It's so natural to feel everything we feel, isn't it? +xD1uoqTvylu-00001-00001030-00001375 To share here in this space. +xD1uoqTvylu-00002-00001378-00001870 We see how natural it is for each one of us to feel exactly the same. +xD1uoqTvylu-00003-00001873-00002338 Wanting to hide away and not feeling comfortable and +xD1uoqTvylu-00004-00002340-00002667 disconnected and, everyone feels that +xD1uoqTvylu-00005-00002670-00002956 maybe not today, tomorrow or maybe later. +xD1uoqTvylu-00006-00002966-00003373 But it's just so natural +xD1uoqTvylu-00007-00003383-00003590 we can unite together +xD1uoqTvylu-00008-00003592-00004079 in this space where we just allow ourselves to be as we are. +xD1uoqTvylu-00009-00004081-00004501 And the introduction to open intelligence is very simple. +xD1uoqTvylu-00010-00004512-00004762 If you hear the statement of +xD1uoqTvylu-00011-00004772-00005064 “Stop thinking for a moment” +xD1uoqTvylu-00012-00005075-00005481 in this powerful statement just by listening to that +xD1uoqTvylu-00013-00005483-00005996 you see how you can face open intelligence +xD1uoqTvylu-00014-00006006-00006412 clarity, stability, alertness, ease. +xD1uoqTvylu-00015-00006414-00006754 Just in that instant of introduction. +xD1uoqTvylu-00016-00006764-00007116 Even if it's not so clear for you how to stop thinking for a moment +xD1uoqTvylu-00017-00007118-00007528 just to hear that statement, “Stop thinking for a moment” +xD1uoqTvylu-00018-00007530-00007872 and there you are, open intelligence. +xD1uoqTvylu-00019-00007882-00008210 Open intelligence always present +xD1uoqTvylu-00020-00008211-00008371 always natural to us +xD1uoqTvylu-00021-00008381-00008621 always innate. +xD1uoqTvylu-00022-00008631-00008975 Built-in to all of our thoughts and emotions +xD1uoqTvylu-00023-00008985-00009461 and sensations and everyday life, everyday experience +xD1uoqTvylu-00024-00009463-00009869 today, tomorrow, in the future, in the past, even. +xD1uoqTvylu-00025-00009879-00010379 Open intelligence was, is and will be always present. +xD1uoqTvylu-00026-00010390-00010720 So that's how powerful it is. +xD1uoqTvylu-00027-00010722-00010994 And it's inescapable +xD1uoqTvylu-00028-00011004-00011306 we cannot escape open intelligence. +xD1uoqTvylu-00029-00011316-00011639 We cannot hide from open intelligence. +xD1uoqTvylu-00030-00011642-00012214 And even in our room if we sit alone open intelligence is present. +xD1uoqTvylu-00031-00012214-00012611 So stopping thinking for a moment and then +xD1uoqTvylu-00032-00012613-00012921 everything of course come back +xD1uoqTvylu-00033-00012922-00013234 our thoughts and emotions everything we feel. +xD1uoqTvylu-00034-00013238-00013613 But that's fine too. That's open intelligence as well. +xD1uoqTvylu-00035-00013614-00013766 Whether we +xD1uoqTvylu-00036-00013768-00014117 don't have any thoughts or we have lots of thoughts. +xD1uoqTvylu-00037-00014117-00014579 Whether we have busy mind or it's completely empty or blissful +xD1uoqTvylu-00038-00014580-00014754 out of space. +xD1uoqTvylu-00039-00014764-00015220 Whether it's overwhelmed with emotions and sensations +xD1uoqTvylu-00040-00015221-00015544 or you just feel numb, nothing is happening. +xD1uoqTvylu-00041-00015554-00015803 Open intelligence is equally present +xD1uoqTvylu-00042-00015813-00016234 in all experiences, in all of our data streams. +xD1uoqTvylu-00043-00016236-00016903 So that's how I myself experience that ease of being. +xD1uoqTvylu-00044-00016905-00017086 Ease of being myself +xD1uoqTvylu-00045-00017086-00017559 that comfort that I can allow everything to be as it is. +xD1uoqTvylu-00046-00017561-00017866 That I can listen to that, coming to Open Meetings +xD1uoqTvylu-00047-00017876-00018233 and participating in training and just being with community that +xD1uoqTvylu-00048-00018233-00018569 allows things to be as they are. +xD1uoqTvylu-00049-00018579-00018801 So powerful to be with community. +xD1uoqTvylu-00050-00018811-00019096 Everyone is allowing things to be as they are. +xD1uoqTvylu-00051-00019106-00019447 Everyone is facing everything fully. +xD1uoqTvylu-00052-00019457-00019883 Everyone is taking responsibility for data streams. +xD1uoqTvylu-00053-00019885-00020161 Data streams, it's everything. +xD1uoqTvylu-00054-00020162-00020632 Everything. Nothing is special, you know, all of our thoughts. +xD1uoqTvylu-00055-00020633-00021096 And this thought too. Everything. +xD1uoqTvylu-00056-00021099-00021684 Sensations, emotions, people. People we hate, people we love, open intelligence. +xD1uoqTvylu-00057-00021687-00021986 Open intelligence, it's +xD1uoqTvylu-00058-00021987-00022314 like the space and the sky. +xD1uoqTvylu-00059-00022317-00022592 You know, every data is like +xD1uoqTvylu-00060-00022595-00022996 the color blue and the sky, it's inseparable. +xD1uoqTvylu-00061-00022997-00023446 You cannot find anything there. It doesn’t have independent nature. +xD1uoqTvylu-00062-00023447-00023829 It doesn’t have power to control you +xD1uoqTvylu-00063-00023831-00024308 to force you to do something you don't want to do. +xD1uoqTvylu-00064-00024318-00024586 So that's how powerful we are as human beings. +xD1uoqTvylu-00065-00024596-00025042 We tap into that very powerful intelligence +xD1uoqTvylu-00066-00025046-00025421 which is completely open and always very clear on +xD1uoqTvylu-00067-00025423-00025714 what would be of most benefit to all. +xD1uoqTvylu-00068-00025716-00025962 Always beneficial. +xD1uoqTvylu-00069-00025964-00026162 Always beneficial. +xD1uoqTvylu-00070-00026163-00026859 Always warming the heart with the most beneficial sensations. +xD1uoqTvylu-00071-00026861-00027284 Beneficial experiences. Beneficial thoughts and emotions. +xD1uoqTvylu-00072-00027286-00027528 It can look like everything. It can look +xD1uoqTvylu-00073-00027528-00027845 very negative too. +xD1uoqTvylu-00074-00027846-00028368 And actually that's a good sign where we face everything completely. +xD1uoqTvylu-00075-00028370-00028574 We allow ourselves to +xD1uoqTvylu-00076-00028577-00029160 feel what we feel, to think what we want to think, but we rely on open intelligence. +xD1uoqTvylu-00077-00029161-00029504 We rely on reality as it is. +xD1uoqTvylu-00078-00029514-00029826 Open intelligence is reality as it is +xD1uoqTvylu-00079-00029828-00030057 for the benefit of all. +xD1uoqTvylu-00080-00030058-00030523 So, this is how I came to the Training +xD1uoqTvylu-00081-00030525-00030889 just open to listen, like all of you here today +xD1uoqTvylu-00082-00030891-00031173 and just listening to the statement. And +xD1uoqTvylu-00083-00031175-00031522 the beginning it didn’t make sense to me but I just continued showing up. +xD1uoqTvylu-00084-00031522-00031720 I loved that natural +xD1uoqTvylu-00085-00031720-00032375 way of relating here and how people are just so welcoming everything as it is. +xD1uoqTvylu-00086-00032378-00032818 And gaining confidence for me was +xD1uoqTvylu-00087-00032820-00033028 so easeful in that way +xD1uoqTvylu-00088-00033030-00033317 because the support is always available. +xD1uoqTvylu-00089-00033320-00033477 You see, we have +xD1uoqTvylu-00090-00033478-00033762 the practice of short moments of open intelligence +xD1uoqTvylu-00091-00033764-00034135 repeated many times until it become continuous. +xD1uoqTvylu-00092-00034135-00034363 It’s naturally become continuous +xD1uoqTvylu-00093-00034364-00034597 moment-by-moment. So +xD1uoqTvylu-00094-00034599-00035190 even if you heard a lot about short moments, test how powerful it is, today. +xD1uoqTvylu-00095-00035192-00035607 Expand your power, your potency and power +xD1uoqTvylu-00096-00035608-00036073 your inexhaustible way of being of benefit to everyone in your life. +xD1uoqTvylu-00097-00036074-00036514 Short moment, one short moment whenever you remember to do so +xD1uoqTvylu-00098-00036516-00037012 allowing everything to flow on by just like that. +xD1uoqTvylu-00099-00037014-00037361 You know, feeling like you want to hide away. +xD1uoqTvylu-00100-00037365-00037528 Allowing it to be as it is. +xD1uoqTvylu-00101-00037538-00037826 Short moment, short moment of open intelligence. +xD1uoqTvylu-00102-00037836-00038195 Short moment, but very powerful and potent moment +xD1uoqTvylu-00103-00038197-00038397 for the benefit of all. +xD1uoqTvylu-00104-00038400-00038807 For you to realize how powerful you are +xD1uoqTvylu-00105-00038808-00039096 in a short moment of open intelligence. +xD1uoqTvylu-00106-00039098-00039420 For you to be of benefit to all rather than +xD1uoqTvylu-00107-00039421-00039706 focusing on your data streams. +xD1uoqTvylu-00108-00039708-00040037 And I felt many time disconnected +xD1uoqTvylu-00109-00040039-00040412 from other people or I didn’t know how to relate. +xD1uoqTvylu-00110-00040412-00040930 I thought I have to act in a certain way and to speak in a certain way. +xD1uoqTvylu-00111-00040932-00041107 And then when I heard +xD1uoqTvylu-00112-00041109-00041491 “Short moments, many time” I just gained confidence in that way. +xD1uoqTvylu-00113-00041493-00041772 I can allow myself to feel that way. +xD1uoqTvylu-00114-00041775-00042268 And, not to say anything if I don't have nothing to say too. +xD1uoqTvylu-00115-00042270-00042600 That's also fine. We don’t have to +xD1uoqTvylu-00116-00042603-00042787 you know, design +xD1uoqTvylu-00117-00042789-00043091 every situation or save every situation. +xD1uoqTvylu-00118-00043093-00043553 We can allow ourself to be exactly as we are. +xD1uoqTvylu-00119-00043555-00043961 Allowing the imperfection to be as it is too. +xD1uoqTvylu-00120-00043971-00044304 Thinking that something has to be perfect and then +xD1uoqTvylu-00121-00044306-00044651 it's not the way we wanted it to be. +xD1uoqTvylu-00122-00044652-00044889 Like this data of +xD1uoqTvylu-00123-00044891-00045208 trying to resolve the data stream but it's always coming back to us. +xD1uoqTvylu-00124-00045209-00045519 If it's shame or hatred +xD1uoqTvylu-00125-00045521-00045719 or desire or jealousy. +xD1uoqTvylu-00126-00045720-00046143 All of that. All of that is the display of open intelligence +xD1uoqTvylu-00127-00046143-00046475 the space of space, there is nothing there. +xD1uoqTvylu-00128-00046476-00046721 There is nothing there yet. +xD1uoqTvylu-00129-00046722-00047120 In every data, in every datum there is so much +xD1uoqTvylu-00130-00047122-00047572 potency and power to contribute for the benefit of all +xD1uoqTvylu-00131-00047573-00047938 when left as it is. +xD1uoqTvylu-00132-00047939-00048294 Left as it is. Simply leave it as it is. +xD1uoqTvylu-00133-00048295-00048683 See, for us who are lazy, that's the best. +xD1uoqTvylu-00134-00048685-00048896 We can just allow things to be as they are. +xD1uoqTvylu-00135-00048897-00049219 And for those how are very practical and really +xD1uoqTvylu-00136-00049220-00049455 hard workers and then +xD1uoqTvylu-00137-00049457-00049818 also just to gain that assurance in +xD1uoqTvylu-00138-00049820-00050296 instinctive understanding of what it means to let things be as they are +xD1uoqTvylu-00139-00050298-00050471 to let myself be as I am. +xD1uoqTvylu-00140-00050550-00050810 Like, whatever you feel, it is completely fine. +xD1uoqTvylu-00141-00050812-00051092 I never heard that before this training. +xD1uoqTvylu-00142-00051094-00051528 So it took me a while to just understand that not only intellectually +xD1uoqTvylu-00143-00051532-00051871 but instinctively in my own experiencing. +xD1uoqTvylu-00144-00051872-00052448 Things that I'm facing in my life with my family, with my partner, with friends +xD1uoqTvylu-00145-00052451-00052889 with this person, that person. Just so many people all over the world, right? +xD1uoqTvylu-00146-00052891-00053315 So we can describe all of that but actually all descriptions are +xD1uoqTvylu-00147-00053318-00053526 open intelligence too. +xD1uoqTvylu-00148-00053528-00053995 So we can keep it very simple like, in the moment +xD1uoqTvylu-00149-00053998-00054461 allowing ourselves to be as we are even if we think it's not enough. +xD1uoqTvylu-00150-00054462-00054865 So you see how powerful it is. That energy that we feel +xD1uoqTvylu-00151-00054867-00055131 for the benefit of all can be +xD1uoqTvylu-00152-00055133-00055724 directed exactly to each place, circumstance +xD1uoqTvylu-00153-00055727-00056020 and time exactly for the benefit of all +xD1uoqTvylu-00154-00056022-00056321 when allow it to be as it is. +xD1uoqTvylu-00155-00056532-00056858 So that was only the short moments of open intelligence +xD1uoqTvylu-00156-00056859-00057156 just wanted to elaborate on that bit. And then +xD1uoqTvylu-00157-00057158-00057536 we have the training and the media where we can +xD1uoqTvylu-00158-00057537-00057804 listen to talks and watch videos and +xD1uoqTvylu-00159-00057806-00058303 just hear that over and over again. And each time for me it just sound different +xD1uoqTvylu-00160-00058304-00058650 more open, more comfortable. +xD1uoqTvylu-00161-00058651-00059105 I can allow it to be as it is or now I remember short moment. +xD1uoqTvylu-00162-00059108-00059438 Now I recognize open intelligence. +xD1uoqTvylu-00163-00059440-00059999 And this is how I gain confidence in the power of the Four Mainstays. +xD1uoqTvylu-00164-00060001-00060431 Like going directly to the Four Mainstays where everything looks overwhelming. +xD1uoqTvylu-00165-00060497-00060789 And then we have the trainer which +xD1uoqTvylu-00166-00060791-00061042 always available for us. +xD1uoqTvylu-00167-00061043-00061363 You know, in all circumstances even in the +xD1uoqTvylu-00168-00061364-00061806 space, just thinking about the trainer, knowing that someone is there. +xD1uoqTvylu-00169-00061808-00062125 Coming to Open Meetings and asking questions here. +xD1uoqTvylu-00170-00062129-00062411 And then we have also every Saturday +xD1uoqTvylu-00171-00062413-00062901 a one day Introductory Training where we can just get familiar with our nature. +xD1uoqTvylu-00172-00062901-00063233 With the nature of our mind and be educated +xD1uoqTvylu-00173-00063234-00063835 in the most loving way, the way that we always wished for ourselves to +xD1uoqTvylu-00174-00063837-00064215 be educated, without force. +xD1uoqTvylu-00175-00064217-00064507 No one forces us to be someone else +xD1uoqTvylu-00176-00064508-00064640 or to have different +xD1uoqTvylu-00177-00064643-00065084 kinds of thoughts and emotions, and I felt that way all of my life. +xD1uoqTvylu-00178-00065170-00065473 I was thinking I have to hope +xD1uoqTvylu-00179-00065474-00065761 for some kind of state of +xD1uoqTvylu-00180-00065762-00066068 positive, being positive all the time but +xD1uoqTvylu-00181-00066070-00066648 I was actually positive and still I hope for that more and more. It was inexhaustible! +xD1uoqTvylu-00182-00066650-00067002 You know, just wanting the best experience wanting the +xD1uoqTvylu-00183-00067003-00067502 positive friends wanting my mom always to be positive my +xD1uoqTvylu-00184-00067504-00068011 family, always to be positive. But it's not like that at all. +xD1uoqTvylu-00185-00068014-00068406 In the basis everything is wholly positive +xD1uoqTvylu-00186-00068410-00068785 wholly beneficial. It’s just the way it is +xD1uoqTvylu-00187-00068787-00069185 where we allow things to be as they are. Then we see that everything is just +xD1uoqTvylu-00188-00069187-00069404 pure, pure, pure +xD1uoqTvylu-00189-00069405-00069908 benefit, benefit, benefit repeated many times. +xD1uoqTvylu-00190-00069910-00070277 It's like everything we think is benefit, benefit, benefit. +xD1uoqTvylu-00191-00070281-00070754 Everything we feel, benefit, benefit, benefit. +xD1uoqTvylu-00192-00070756-00071231 So whatever we experience in our life, we +xD1uoqTvylu-00193-00071233-00071459 can allow it to be as it is and +xD1uoqTvylu-00194-00071460-00071913 gain assurance in our beneficial nature +xD1uoqTvylu-00195-00071913-00072094 in +xD1uoqTvylu-00196-00072096-00072253 our beneficial mind +xD1uoqTvylu-00197-00072254-00072626 in this mind that is just like, open like the sky. +xD1uoqTvylu-00198-00072629-00073043 Nothing was never wrong about this mind that we have. +xD1uoqTvylu-00199-00073044-00073331 Nothing was never wrong about it. +xD1uoqTvylu-00200-00073483-00073600 Nothing. +xD1uoqTvylu-00201-00073602-00073779 Any of your experiences +xD1uoqTvylu-00202-00073779-00073967 never was wrong. +xD1uoqTvylu-00203-00073967-00074378 Everything was always perfect, naturally perfect. +xD1uoqTvylu-00204-00074485-00074935 And now you are too, naturally perfect as you are. +xD1uoqTvylu-00205-00074937-00075264 So it's in the community +xD1uoqTvylu-00206-00075264-00075463 and that's the last Mainstay +xD1uoqTvylu-00207-00075473-00075699 the community is +xD1uoqTvylu-00208-00075700-00076241 powerful in that way that we can really gain assurance in +xD1uoqTvylu-00209-00076241-00076388 open intelligence +xD1uoqTvylu-00210-00076389-00076699 in seeing other people that really exemplifying that +xD1uoqTvylu-00211-00076702-00076919 that we can do it too +xD1uoqTvylu-00212-00076921-00077176 that if we feel that we wanna run away +xD1uoqTvylu-00213-00077179-00077411 we can stay put in open intelligence. +xD1uoqTvylu-00214-00077413-00077665 We can take responsibility for our data streams. +xD1uoqTvylu-00215-00077665-00077886 We know where is the go to. +xD1uoqTvylu-00216-00077888-00078147 It's very simple. We know where is the go to. +xD1uoqTvylu-00217-00078150-00078349 We have short moment +xD1uoqTvylu-00218-00078350-00078678 the training, the trainer and the community. +xD1uoqTvylu-00219-00078681-00078892 So not anymore running away +xD1uoqTvylu-00220-00078893-00079284 from our thoughts and emotions. Facing everything fully. +xD1uoqTvylu-00221-00079287-00079699 Facing everything fully with gentleness, too. +xD1uoqTvylu-00222-00079702-00079924 With gentleness too. +xD1uoqTvylu-00223-00079926-00080367 Seeing exactly where we are at and asking for support. +xD1uoqTvylu-00224-00080369-00080623 There is nothing wrong about it. +xD1uoqTvylu-00225-00080625-00080996 It just bring more and more empowerment to your life. +xD1uoqTvylu-00226-00080996-00081630 Empowerment and stability and openness to all people all over the world. +xD1uoqTvylu-00227-00081633-00082191 Seeing that everything we feel everyone has feel too. +xD1uoqTvylu-00228-00082193-00082378 They feel that too. +xD1uoqTvylu-00229-00082379-00082682 And then we open up the perspective of +xD1uoqTvylu-00230-00082685-00082891 being of benefit to all. +xD1uoqTvylu-00231-00082895-00083262 Not in anymore thinking that we have to fix ourselves +xD1uoqTvylu-00232-00083264-00083691 even the appearance, the physical appearance change. +xD1uoqTvylu-00233-00083693-00084144 We're not busy anymore with our highs in mind, we open. +xD1uoqTvylu-00234-00084147-00084485 We widely open. +xD1uoqTvylu-00235-00084487-00084800 Seeing what is needed, we're so alert +xD1uoqTvylu-00236-00084801-00085086 just always of service to everyone +xD1uoqTvylu-00237-00085089-00085551 regardless of circumstance, regardless of our thoughts and emotions. +xD1uoqTvylu-00238-00085553-00085825 How amazing is that? +xD1uoqTvylu-00239-00085826-00086122 That we can contribute our gifts and talents +xD1uoqTvylu-00240-00086126-00086395 that we can be of benefit to all. +xEEojqMLcEY-00000-00000000-00000374 A'udhu Billahi min ash-shaytaan-i'r rajeem +xEEojqMLcEY-00001-00000445-00001545 Do you not consider, [O Muhammad], those who were given a portion of the Scripture? They are invited to the Scripture of Allah that it should arbitrate between them...[3:23] +xEEojqMLcEY-00002-00001591-00002497 ...then a party of them turns away, and they are refusing.[3:23] +xEEojqMLcEY-00003-00002536-00003889 That is because they say, "Never will the Fire touch us except for [a few] numbered days...[3:24] +xEEojqMLcEY-00004-00003889-00004556 ...and [because] they were deluded in their religion by what they were inventing.[3:24] +xEEojqMLcEY-00005-00004589-00006140 So how will it be when We assemble them for a Day about which there is no doubt? +xEEojqMLcEY-00006-00006246-00007074 ...And each soul will be compensated [in full for] what it earned, and they will not be wronged.[3:25] +xEEojqMLcEY-00008-00010579-00012160 ...You honor whom You will and You humble whom You will. In Your hand is [all] good. Indeed, You are over all things competent.[3:26] +xEEojqMLcEY-00009-00012244-00013631 You cause the night to enter the day, and You cause the day to enter the night; and You bring the living out of the dead, and You bring the dead out of the living....[3:27] +xEEojqMLcEY-00010-00013680-00014591 ...And You give provision to whom You will without account.[3:27] +xEEojqMLcEY-00011-00014629-00015830 Let not believers take disbelievers as allies rather than believers...[3:28] +xEEojqMLcEY-00012-00015852-00017172 ...And whoever [of you] does that has nothing with Allah, except when taking precaution against them in prudence...[3:28] +xEEojqMLcEY-00013-00017189-00017564 ...And Allah warns you of Himself...[3:28] +xEEojqMLcEY-00014-00017634-00018427 ...And Allah warns you of Himself, and to Allah is the [final] destination.[3:28] +xEEojqMLcEY-00015-00018488-00020360 Say, "Whether you conceal what is in your breasts or reveal it, Allah knows it. And He knows that which is in the heavens and that which is on the earth. And Allah is over all things competent.[3:29] +xEEojqMLcEY-00016-00020450-00022246 The Day every soul will find what it has done of good present [before it] and what it has done of evil, it will wish that between itself and that [evil]...[3:30] +xEEojqMLcEY-00017-00022361-00023245 ...it will wish that between itself and that [evil] was a great distance...[3:30] +xEEojqMLcEY-00018-00023245-00023845 ...And Allah warns you of Himself, and Allah is Kind to [His] servants.[3:30] +xEEojqMLcEY-00019-00024303-00026127 Say, [O Muhammad], "If you should love Allah, then follow me, [so] Allah will love you and forgive you your sins. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful."[3:31] +xEEojqMLcEY-00020-00026187-00026614 Say, "Obey Allah and the Messenger." ....[3:32] +xEEojqMLcEY-00021-00026678-00028450 Say, "Obey Allah and the Messenger." But if they turn away - then indeed, Allah does not like the disbelievers.[3:32] +xEUann2o2EI-00000-00000358-00001450 Welcome to the capital Hanoi - Vietnam ..! +xEUann2o2EI-00001-00001526-00002614 Trinh Cong Son Walking Street. This is the second walking street in Hanoi. The street is called Musician Trinh Cong Son .. +xEUann2o2EI-00002-00002686-00003694 The street is located near West Lake, Ho Tay Water Park, Sen lagoon, Tà Hồ flower valley. Please explore MY MY NOI - NNC. Best regards ..! +xGMv2NKj6qu-00000-00000144-00000344 You saw people go crazy and dance kinda weird +xGMv2NKj6qu-00001-00000369-00000569 Get loose! Party! +xGMv2NKj6qu-00002-00000569-00000710 No, I won’t dance in front of the camera. +xGMv2NKj6qu-00003-00000770-00001172 Everybody watched it, everybody hyped it … +xGMv2NKj6qu-00004-00001208-00001444 … and we’ll get the bottom of the hype! +xGMv2NKj6qu-00005-00001530-00001772 What was the reason for the „Harlem Shake“ to take off? +xGMv2NKj6qu-00006-00001792-00002234 How did these strange videos become one of the biggest phenomena in internet culture? +xGMv2NKj6qu-00007-00002518-00002778 The Harlem Shake is kind of my favourite meme! +xGMv2NKj6qu-00008-00002806-00003052 It’s like a fun mass hysteria +xGMv2NKj6qu-00009-00003058-00003282 that can compete with ancient greek theatre +xGMv2NKj6qu-00010-00003338-00003728 We’ll investigate the hype of the „Harlem Shake“ on october, 2nd. +xGMv2NKj6qu-00011-00004272-00004688 In 15 MINUTES OF FAME – the new program for internet culture on ZDFinfo +xGMv2NKj6qu-00012-00004724-00005008 Subject of the pilot-episode: the "Harlem Shake" +xGMv2NKj6qu-00013-00005178-00005496 On october, 2nd at 00:30 a.m. on ZDFinfo +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00000-00000546-00000646 Well, welcome, everybody. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00001-00000646-00001239 My name’s Justine Clark and I’m from Parlour but I’m also tonight representing Monash +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00002-00001239-00001941 University, on behalf of my colleague, Naomi Stead, Naomi can’t be with us tonight. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00003-00001941-00002455 So, Monash is the host, the virtual host of this salon. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00004-00002455-00002830 As always, of course, we’d like to begin with an Acknowledgement of Country, to acknowledge +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00005-00002830-00003348 the people of the greater Kulin nations with Traditional Custodians of the land that Monash +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00006-00003348-00003448 University is on. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00007-00003448-00003971 But of course, we are all joining from all across Australia, across the many nations +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00008-00003971-00004556 of Australia and indeed, I’m very pleased we’ve got some people with us internationally. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00009-00004556-00005151 So we also acknowledge the Traditional Custodians of country all across Australia as the many nations, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00010-00005151-00005687 and we recognise their continuing connection to land, waters and culture, and pay our respects +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00011-00005687-00006052 to elders past, present and emerging. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00012-00006052-00006736 And we extend that respect to Indigenous Australians and other Indigenous peoples who +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00013-00006736-00007069 are part of the Parlour community and with us tonight. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00014-00007069-00008037 So, I am now really just going to hand straight over to Alison McFadyen who is my colleague, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00015-00008037-00008765 who has done a huge amount of work with helping us set up the salons and particularly these +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00016-00008765-00009029 online salons with Emma Healy. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00017-00009029-00009603 So, Ali is going to introduce the event tonight. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00018-00009603-00009731 Go, Ali. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00019-00009731-00009831 Thank you, Justine. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00020-00009831-00010290 Hello, everyone, and welcome to our second online Parlour Salon. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00021-00010290-00011067 So the entire salon program is possible because of our support from AWS, our Parlour Partner, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00022-00011067-00011418 and we really value their support, so thank you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00023-00011418-00011829 With the Salons, we wanted to establish a welcoming and fairly informal environment +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00024-00011829-00012497 for people to get together, and the idea of the conversation and exchange is also the +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00025-00012497-00012631 format for these events. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00026-00012631-00013149 So we simply invite these two wonderful women to interview each other or, in the instance +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00027-00013149-00013594 of tonight, maybe more of a storytelling exercise. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00028-00013594-00014259 We also have had some fantastic conversations so far, so I’m really looking forward to +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00029-00014259-00014562 what we hear tonight between Kali and Loata. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00030-00014562-00014662 Then it’s over to you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00031-00014662-00015149 We are going to open up the breakout rooms as part of Zoom where we hope you meet some +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00032-00015149-00015491 new people and exchange stories and simply enjoy each other’s company. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00033-00015491-00015741 We’ll be shuffling these every 15 minutes. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00034-00015741-00016324 So you get to meet a mix of people and we’ll just flag +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00035-00016324-00016838 please bear with us if there’s any technical glitches because we’re still getting used +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00036-00016838-00016988 to the format. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00037-00016988-00017592 And now I’ll hand over to Emma who’s going to introduce the speakers tonight. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00038-00017592-00017692 Thank you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00039-00017692-00017792 Thanks, Ali. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00040-00017792-00018260 So I’m really excited to hear from Loata and Kali tonight. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00041-00018260-00018822 They are people who I call friends and I think they think of me as a friend too. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00042-00018822-00018936 Not sure, hopefully. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00043-00018936-00019469 I met Loata at uni and we work together on the Cakaudrove Womens’ Resource Centre in +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00044-00019469-00019569 Savusavu. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00045-00019569-00019915 And Loata is of Itaukei descent. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00046-00019915-00020452 She’s Indigenous Fijian, but she’s worked across Australia and studied in Australia. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00047-00020452-00021137 So, I’m really interested in both these speakers because they have cross-cultural +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00048-00021137-00021299 experiences that are really interesting. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00049-00021299-00021804 Loata is currently studying, or a researcher, at the University of Canberra, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00050-00021804-00022428 where her research focuses on the intersection of architecture with women’s cultural knowledge. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00051-00022428-00022968 And Kali is Australian-born, but of British descent, and has spent quite a bit of time +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00052-00022968-00023289 in Ahmedabad in India as a teacher. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00053-00023289-00023544 And, are you laughing at my pronunciation? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00054-00023544-00023644 No. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00055-00023644-00023744 I tried. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00056-00023744-00023844 That was great. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00057-00023844-00023944 Well done. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00058-00023944-00024203 I was smiling because you did a good job. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00059-00024203-00024988 She’s almost finished a PhD, very close to finishing her PhD, which explores the significance +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00060-00024988-00025278 of public spaces in informal settlements in India. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00061-00025278-00025860 So, I’m very grateful to Kali for showing up when you’re in the midst of all of that. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00062-00025860-00026149 So, thank you both for being here. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00063-00026149-00026331 So, over to you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00064-00026331-00026558 Oh, one more thing, sorry. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00065-00026558-00026939 If people have questions, and they want to type them into the chat box as they think +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00066-00026939-00027495 of them, I’ll pick out a few at the end to ask Kali and Loata. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00067-00027495-00028308 Can I also just say something about the sound, we really love to have you all visible if +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00068-00028308-00028787 possible, so keep your cameras on if you can, but if we’re having trouble with the sound, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00069-00028787-00029262 the first thing to do is if everyone can just turn the camera off, except Kali and Loata, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00070-00029262-00029568 of course, who we want to see. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00071-00029568-00030236 Because we found last time that that really did help improve the sound quality and if +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00072-00030236-00030883 we end up with it being particularly poor, we will interrupt and arrange a shift to phones. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00073-00030883-00031697 But, first thing if it gets a bit noisy, if it gets a bit hard to hear, turn off your +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00074-00031697-00031797 video. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00075-00031797-00031963 So, sorry. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00076-00031963-00032141 But thanks. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00077-00032141-00032318 Thanks Kali and Loata. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00078-00032318-00032418 Thank you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00079-00032418-00033024 Thanks so much everyone for asking us to be here and introducing us. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00080-00033024-00033491 And thank you also for pairing me with Loata, it’s been so lovely to get to know you just +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00081-00033491-00033591 a little bit. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00082-00033591-00034246 And not only because you’re lovely and interesting, but it’s been really fantastic to see how +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00083-00034246-00034896 our kind of varied architectural experience really aligns over practice and volunteering +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00084-00034896-00035515 and research and how architecture is kind of really impacted our lives in quite a deep +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00085-00035515-00035615 way. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00086-00035615-00036069 So I’m really excited that we’re going to share some stories with you tonight with +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00087-00036069-00036543 all of you, the collective you, that illustrates some of those really important moments in +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00088-00036543-00036643 our experience. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00089-00036643-00037181 So I might start by asking Loata if you could share with us your story, what you’re working +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00090-00037181-00037809 on at the moment and how you came to be doing research and architecture. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00091-00037809-00038128 Okay, hello everyone, bula vinaka, and hello to everyone. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00092-00038128-00038675 Thank you Parlour and friends for having me participate in your online Salon series. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00093-00038675-00038875 I’m a bit nervous. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00094-00038875-00039124 Thank you Emma for the introduction. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00095-00039124-00039562 And Kali, I feel so privileged for sharing this space with you Kali. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00096-00039562-00040082 And so sharing our narrative, our work and our experiences. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00097-00040082-00040755 My story and my current work are all interrelated and it’s situated in Fiji, the country of +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00098-00040755-00040855 my birth. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00099-00040855-00041619 I’m not sure whether many of you know Fiji, so I just thought, okay, because we don’t +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00100-00041619-00041719 have much time. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00101-00041719-00042009 So it’s just to cut it short. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00102-00042009-00042518 I just thought, okay, since we’re architects, talk about the logistics of things. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00103-00042518-00043144 So, traveling from Sydney to Fiji takes about three to four hours flight from Sydney. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00104-00043144-00043721 As soon as you get there you’re greeted with the sunshine, beautiful sunshine all +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00105-00043721-00043821 year around. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00106-00043821-00044555 The ukulele at airport, smiling faces and the relaxing Fiji music, which is my favorite. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00107-00044555-00045149 And then you could either take a half hour flight to the Fiji’s capital, which is Suva, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00108-00045149-00046191 or you catch a three-and-a-half hour scenic trip to Suva, with beautiful coastal views. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00109-00046191-00046584 So these are some of the things that, when I get to Fiji, is some of the things that I +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00110-00046584-00046724 appreciate. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00111-00046724-00047369 Because, like Kali and I were talking about and all the things that we miss about our +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00112-00047369-00047837 love for the ocean and that’s something that I miss living in Sydney. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00113-00047837-00048399 I miss the ocean, the smell of the breezes, the winds and also the smiling faces from +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00114-00048399-00048772 my people, especially from family members. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00115-00048772-00049071 So, these are some of the things that I look forward to. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00116-00049071-00049190 A bit about myself. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00117-00049190-00049860 I grew up in rural Fiji in the 70s with my maternal extended family, completing primary +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00118-00049860-00050269 and secondary education in Taveuni. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00119-00050269-00050846 It’s most often called the Garden Island of Fiji, only leaving the island to attend +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00120-00050846-00051112 tertiary studies in Suva, the Fiji’s capital. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00121-00051112-00051619 So even though I spent more than a decade in Sydney, I’m still an island, rural Fijian +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00122-00051619-00051859 girl at heart. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00123-00051859-00052574 So, most of the time, I guess my traveling back and forth to Fiji, it’s kind of Fiji +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00124-00052574-00053636 keeps drawing me back home every time so I’m always wanting to go back to my island home, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00125-00053636-00054015 which is – from the main Viti Levu, Suva. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00126-00054015-00054405 There’s a bit of island hoping to get to Taveuni. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00127-00054405-00055242 So my work is all situated on where my home is, which is Taveuni. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00128-00055242-00056188 And when we started the project in 2008 with my colleagues, Emma and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00129-00056188-00056835 Lucia, one of the things that we wanted was to experience the travel from how the women +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00130-00056835-00057063 will travel to the islands. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00131-00057063-00057663 So, that’s just so that we can experience the experiences. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00132-00057663-00058177 So this is something that I like to do is actually do island hopping, either I go on +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00133-00058177-00058764 a 12-hour ferry trip, or I go 10 hour by ferry bus, ferry, bus. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00134-00058764-00058990 So it’s a lot of traveling time. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00135-00058990-00059520 So there’s a lot of logistics to get to the island where I’m from and also where +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00136-00059520-00059672 the project is located. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00137-00059672-00060066 I don’t want to overwhelm anyone, so I’ll just keep it brief. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00138-00060066-00060739 And if you have any further questions you can just ask me when we go to our room. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00139-00060739-00061391 For some of you might be thinking, curious to know my professional background. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00140-00061391-00061857 So, I started in the construction industry in 1992. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00141-00061857-00062587 And I moved for the first time to Australia in ‘97, to study architecture in Queensland. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00142-00062587-00063171 And I’ve worked in engineering and architectural practices. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00143-00063171-00064017 And after graduation, I spent three very great years in Sydney working in architectural practices +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00144-00064017-00064554 in Sydney before I became a full-time mum in 2012. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00145-00064554-00065222 But I guess the highlights of my current work is actually developing the women’s project +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00146-00065222-00065822 in my own community, which started in 2007 in my own local community. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00147-00065822-00066372 So, 2008 I was a volunteer with Architects Without Frontiers including my colleagues +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00148-00066372-00066507 as well. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00149-00066507-00067031 And 2015, I became the project coordinator. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00150-00067031-00067802 So I was volunteering, as well as a coordinator, a cultural adviser as well as a local consultant +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00151-00067802-00068191 for this women’s project in Fiji. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00152-00068191-00068949 2016 I decided to join a local architectural firm in Fiji, just to keep an eye on the women’s +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00153-00068949-00069194 project while it was under development. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00154-00069194-00069729 So I’m always surrounded with the women’s project, I’m always keeping an eye on it +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00155-00069729-00070027 just make sure that it’s moving. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00156-00070027-00070591 So, the project actually frames my current work today, which is my research. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00157-00070591-00071393 And 2015 made me realise that I had so many questions that I wanted to answer, so many +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00158-00071393-00071615 questions. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00159-00071615-00072290 So many things that I didn’t understand about my culture as well as how to kind of +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00160-00072290-00072820 find the balance between my culture as well as driving a project within that context. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00161-00072820-00073488 My research thesis is framed around the women’s project, and it’s ongoing development. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00162-00073488-00074032 So I’m examining Indigenous women’s knowledge and the spaces they inhabit, in the Indigenous +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00163-00074032-00074132 Fijian context. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00164-00074132-00074567 There’s a bit of layering in my research, which I can cover later. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00165-00074567-00075519 And I think that covers briefly who I am and I hope some of you a bit, I mean, kind +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00166-00075519-00075689 of get to know me now. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00167-00075689-00076331 And maybe, Kali, I mean, you might want to share something about your journey. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00168-00076331-00076700 And what’s the story, your story? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00169-00076700-00076827 Yeah, thank you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00170-00076827-00077084 That’s such a beautiful story. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00171-00077084-00077846 And I in some ways, although my story is quite different, it overlaps and parallels in really +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00172-00077846-00078041 important kind of moments. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00173-00078041-00078811 I guess I’ll start where I’m at now and work backwards, but at the moment I’m researching +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00174-00078811-00079078 informal settlements in India. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00175-00079078-00079517 And as Emma said, I’m working in a city called Ahmedabad, which is the largest in +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00176-00079517-00080124 the state of Gujarat, and that’s in the northwest of India, bordering Pakistan. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00177-00080124-00081035 Ahmedabad is home to about 8 million people and approximately 728,000 people live in informal +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00178-00081035-00081629 settlements, which I was looking at Australian populations and it’s about twice the size +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00179-00081629-00082088 of Newcastle or the Sunshine Coast to kind of put it into perspective, I find it really +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00180-00082088-00082463 hard to visualise numbers a lot of the time. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00181-00082463-00082999 So informal settlements, if you haven’t heard that kind of term before, are places +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00182-00082999-00083745 where most buildings are constructed by residents themselves on land that’s not formally owned +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00183-00083745-00083902 by those residents. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00184-00083902-00084460 And so I’m looking at the origins and significance of housing typologies and settlement patterns +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00185-00084460-00084786 in two informal settlements. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00186-00084786-00085061 So that means that I am documenting the built environment. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00187-00085061-00085336 I’m looking for spatial patterns. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00188-00085336-00085805 And I’m observing how people use public spaces and places around the home, and then +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00189-00085805-00086333 interviewing people to understand the processes of incremental construction that they’ve +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00190-00086333-00086649 been through to build their house and what it means to them. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00191-00086649-00087187 So that’s kind of similar to your research in a sense, I’m also mainly working with +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00192-00087187-00087304 women. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00193-00087304-00087904 And I was first introduced to informal settlements in Ahmedabad through working for the Anganwadi +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00194-00087904-00088360 project, which is also affiliated with Architects Without Frontiers. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00195-00088360-00088873 And I was also a volunteer with my colleague Nini, and we designed and built a preschool +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00196-00088873-00089225 over there in 2016. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00197-00089225-00089832 And so I worked there for six months, and observed that the built environment was affording +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00198-00089832-00090554 some really important social relationships but just as you said, Loata I also had all +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00199-00090554-00090955 of these questions that I just couldn’t answer through practice. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00200-00090955-00091380 And I also noticed that outsiders to the informal settlement didn’t think that it had any +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00201-00091380-00091480 value. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00202-00091480-00092016 So those questions really founded, I suppose, my research project. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00203-00092016-00092657 And I guess I had to go through that process of transitioning from architect to researcher, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00204-00092657-00092929 but I was always an outsider to the community. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00205-00092929-00093429 Whereas Loata, you’re always an insider, and I was wondering if you could tell us a +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00206-00093429-00093824 little bit about those positions that you’ve had within the community. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00207-00093824-00094379 So you’ve kind of gone from family member to volunteer to architect to researcher, how +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00208-00094379-00094763 has that changed your practice and how has it changed you? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00209-00094763-00095137 How’s it changed me? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00210-00095137-00095322 Yeah. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00211-00095322-00096231 I guess it’s changed me a lot in the way I see things, in the way I observe. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00212-00096231-00097353 And also it’s made me appreciate the women, because I think as an architect, we have clients, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00213-00097353-00097453 right? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00214-00097453-00098399 But as we work with communities, sometimes we have this confusion between who is the +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00215-00098399-00098499 client? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00216-00098499-00098918 Is the client the aid, who provides the money, or is the client the beneficiary who is going +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00217-00098918-00099049 to be the user. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00218-00099049-00099883 So, I find myself struggling with those two because for me it’s so simple. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00219-00099883-00100407 It’s an infrastructure, the user is the client, even though they’re not the one +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00220-00100407-00100765 bringing the money, they’re the ones who’s going to be using the space. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00221-00100765-00101806 So I guess my interest in the processes of it, also trying to define what sort of position +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00222-00101806-00102397 that I need to occupy within the spaces that I’m working within. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00223-00102397-00103516 And so, these spaces I realised that it was complex, you were not just the architect, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00224-00103516-00104107 you were the facilitator, you were the cultural intermediary. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00225-00104107-00104669 And this is one thing that I love about architecture, because architecture, you can encompass all +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00226-00104669-00104850 these different layers. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00227-00104850-00105417 And then you can, kind of, because just like we visualise a project, we also can visualise +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00228-00105417-00105654 these positions that we can occupy. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00229-00105654-00106270 Because, you, we have to understand that when we are consulting with different communities, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00230-00106270-00107190 you are consulting with a different sort of mannerisms, the language you use, all these +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00231-00107190-00107344 things are important. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00232-00107344-00108010 Because when we talk about collaboration, consultation, and then you’re not understanding +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00233-00108010-00108552 the context you’re working within, then how do you define that? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00234-00108552-00108932 And especially in the Fijian context, in the Indigenous women’s context when working +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00235-00108932-00109437 with Indigenous women, especially Fijian women, there’s hierarchical structure there. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00236-00109437-00110226 And there’s a paternalistic framework that underpins, and then there’s religion, and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00237-00110226-00111108 all this stuff and for women, we are not always, I’m not sure how to say this, but for us, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00238-00111108-00111733 women, for Indigenous Fijian women, we always take the supportive role. We always put your +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00239-00111733-00112140 others first and them we become the last thing. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00240-00112140-00112799 So, it’s like when we do designing, developing a women’s project, we need to understand +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00241-00112799-00113302 all these positionings, not only our own positionings, but the positioning of the people who will +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00242-00113302-00113584 be using the spaces that you’re designing for. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00243-00113584-00113783 And then how they would be designing this. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00244-00113783-00114116 How would you design the spaces for these women? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00245-00114116-00114764 And one of the things, one of the experiences that I got is, it’s so easy for organisations +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00246-00114764-00115491 to just say, okay, let’s just take this template and just put it there. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00247-00115491-00116334 But not realising that the templates need to be adopted and adapted to suit the context, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00248-00116334-00116538 especially the user. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00249-00116538-00117194 So, I think two of the things that was important for me was like, I was the insider, like you +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00250-00117194-00117950 said, but also, I felt like an outsider as well, because of my professional positioning. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00251-00117950-00118552 My education. I was no longer accepted as being one of them. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00252-00118552-00118787 So there was this... +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00253-00118787-00118984 I needed to find that position. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00254-00118984-00119699 I needed to find the position so that I’m able to engage with the community and that’s +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00255-00119699-00120433 the reason why my interests within the insider, the outsider, and there’s the in between, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00256-00120433-00120696 which I call that the neutral space that we have to find. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00257-00120696-00121158 That neutral space, when working within these communities, you have to find a neutral space +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00258-00121158-00121924 where we can observe and appreciate and share and just participate with the community at +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00259-00121924-00122024 hand. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00260-00122024-00122508 And I’m sure, Kali, you’ve had these experiences before and within the informal settlements, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00261-00122508-00123040 because I can see you have, you’re nodding, and this is what excites me because I’m +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00262-00123040-00123708 talking about a context, an Indigenous context, and then you work within your context in India. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00263-00123708-00124167 And it seems like most of the time when we’re talking, we’re always, agreeing with it. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00264-00124167-00124383 Yeah, it’s remarkably similar. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00265-00124383-00124879 Because we’ve got all these complex spaces that we are working within and then we’re +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00266-00124879-00125558 trying to, I’m still trying to find a suitable position for me, because as an Indigenous woman, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00267-00125558-00126108 when I go into my community to do research or to do work, I’m always not looked at +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00268-00126108-00126208 as an architect. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00269-00126208-00126770 I’m always looked at as a woman, and I’m always looked at as a daughter, or I’m always +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00270-00126770-00126892 looked at as a sister. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00271-00126892-00127489 Oh, you’re a sister, go in, have a look yourself. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00272-00127489-00127744 And it’s very hard sometimes. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00273-00127744-00128115 But I guess that’s the challenge, and I like it. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00274-00128115-00128215 Yeah. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00275-00128215-00128852 So does that mean that people are not as willing to share with you as an architect when you’re +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00276-00128852-00129317 trying to kind of understand from their perspective what they need from the project? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00277-00129317-00129689 They’re not as willing to kind of give you that information? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00278-00129689-00129936 Oh, I guess... +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00279-00129936-00130144 I don’t know. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00280-00130144-00130799 I just feel like it’s not about not giving that information. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00281-00130799-00131780 It’s just it’s about, like, you have this position that people perceive because as an +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00282-00131780-00132450 architect, even me, I didn’t feel good when I tell people that I was doing architecture. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00283-00132450-00133012 I felt really insecure to say I was doing architecture, but it just felt that I’m +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00284-00133012-00133441 not supposed to be in that space. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00285-00133441-00134165 So, maybe, when we were driving the project, like, you now we were saying, oh, three girls are +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00286-00134165-00134270 driving the project. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00287-00134270-00134379 And this is a Fijian context. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00288-00134379-00134945 I mean, you hardly see a lot of female architects. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00289-00134945-00135487 And these three girls are trying to drive a woman’s project, and that’s even worse! +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00290-00135487-00136030 Because it’s a woman’s project then, and what about, there is a question that goes +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00291-00136030-00136621 that is, okay, if it’s the woman’s project, what about us? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00292-00136621-00137050 But the thing is, it’s really, it’s complex. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00293-00137050-00137150 Yeah. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00294-00137150-00137669 And we’ve talked a little bit about, I guess, transferring ownership as part of that design +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00295-00137669-00138238 process and trying to make that space that you said was kind of a little bit strange +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00296-00138238-00138787 in that context, allow the women who were going to use it to take ownership over it. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00297-00138787-00139128 How did you try to go about doing that? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00298-00139128-00139707 I think the ownership process doesn’t come after the women gain the project. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00299-00139707-00139935 It has to come prior, you know. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00300-00139935-00140061 It’s a process. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00301-00140061-00140161 Yeah. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00302-00140161-00140271 It’s through the process. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00303-00140271-00140858 Like, for instance, when we started the project, we used to meet up with the women and some +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00304-00140858-00141512 of them I used to observe them is, the faces is, oh, what are they going to do with this +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00305-00141512-00141612 stuff? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00306-00141612-00141869 Nothing’s going to come out of it or something. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00307-00141869-00142166 But then we kept moving forward, that’s the thing. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00308-00142166-00142622 We kept moving forward and allowing them to be part of that process, as they allowed them +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00309-00142622-00142722 to. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00310-00142722-00143316 Before, when we started the project, we’d ask a question and there was no answer because +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00311-00143316-00143497 Fiji is a culture of silence for women. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00312-00143497-00143853 We’re part of what ... We listen, we are listeners. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00313-00143853-00144132 That’s what we are, we are listeners. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00314-00144132-00144679 So even trying to get to engage, there was not much conversation, that discussion. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00315-00144679-00145289 But today, if we talk about something and we want their feedback, their engagement in the +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00316-00145289-00145520 process, they will speak up now. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00317-00145520-00145621 Really? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00318-00145621-00145823 That’s amazing. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00319-00145823-00146225 To you only or to everybody? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00320-00146225-00146828 Because now, like one thing with the women’s project it’s given the women a space where +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00321-00146828-00147297 they can come and find ownership in their, like you said ownership. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00322-00147297-00147880 Each process, like how they got the land, that was part of that ownership. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00323-00147880-00148858 When they got agreement from the Indigenous community, that was one milestone. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00324-00148858-00149492 And then the next milestone was when they became invited to be present in other forums, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00325-00149492-00150173 like to be community advisors in a government body or things like that. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00326-00150173-00150479 And then they started getting those sorts of invitations. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00327-00150479-00150930 So these were some little forms of steps of ownership. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00328-00150930-00151449 But then as it grew, and then once the infrastructure stood there, we had a bit of... +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00329-00151449-00151821 We were scared that when the infrastructure came on, and they won’t be able to take +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00330-00151821-00151976 capacity over there. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00331-00151976-00152757 But it just kind of like transitioned to that, and now they are running it and driving it +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00332-00152757-00152998 themselves. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00333-00152998-00153312 And were there any contestations over that space? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00334-00153312-00154144 Did other people try to come into that space or was it safe for the women to kind of own +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00335-00154144-00154398 it, I suppose? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00336-00154398-00155025 I think it’s safe for them. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00337-00155025-00155894 I guess, I look at, when I say safe, I see them as making use of the space as it’s +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00338-00155894-00156127 theirs, you know? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00339-00156127-00157011 And for now, I mean, they’ve just been operating for two years now in the space. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00340-00157011-00158030 Hopefully they’ve got so many ideas now on what they want to do, you know, so yeah. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00341-00158030-00158230 What about India? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00342-00158230-00158433 Like, did you find the same? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00343-00158433-00158845 Now, like with the projects that you’re working on, like were there... +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00344-00158845-00159590 Like you were saying, were there problems with the other communities because you’re +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00345-00159590-00159855 working with the women? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00346-00159855-00160744 Yeah, it really depended on what the project was, the Anganwadi Project is a government… +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00347-00160744-00161652 it’s a preschool, and it’s a government supported project and children are very sacred +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00348-00161652-00162403 in India and so that project was a little smoother in that sense, because it was already +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00349-00162403-00162708 operating, they just needed a space. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00350-00162708-00163069 It was a little tricky sometimes talking to the builders because they weren’t really +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00351-00163069-00163450 used to taking directions from women all the time. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00352-00163450-00163980 But most of the time, with a laugh or a joke or something we could kind of, Gujaratis have +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00353-00163980-00164397 a very good sense of humor so we could kind of make it through. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00354-00164397-00165194 But the things that were a little trickier were probably, as you were saying, the kind +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00355-00165194-00165741 of the way that your position changes and the kind of project that you’re working +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00356-00165741-00166298 on that can really change things. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00357-00166298-00166546 I think you’re frozen, are you still there? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00358-00166546-00167025 Or am I frozen? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00359-00167025-00167147 No? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00360-00167147-00167251 Maybe it’s just Loata. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00361-00167251-00167532 Are you there Loata? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00362-00167532-00167740 We lost you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00363-00167740-00167950 We’ve lost her. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00364-00167950-00168345 Well, last time I spoke to her she had an internet problem but she was able to come +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00365-00168345-00168445 back in. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00366-00168445-00169297 But I’ll tell a story about a project that I guess you could see as a failure, but I +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00367-00169297-00169567 think of this as a success. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00368-00169567-00169787 So I’ll explain why. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00369-00169787-00170679 But, to kind of set the scene, I guess, doing research is quite different to being an architect, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00370-00170679-00170911 I guess. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00371-00170911-00171310 The architectural process, you all know quite well. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00372-00171310-00171665 But with my research project, I’ll give you an idea of a typical day and then I’ll +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00373-00171665-00171935 tell you about this particular incident that happened. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00374-00171935-00172047 So, a typical day. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00375-00172047-00172578 So, I spent about six months in India doing my field work. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00376-00172578-00173348 And I stayed at volunteer accommodation with Manav Sadhna, a local NGO that runs the preschools +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00377-00173348-00173628 that we built and also some community centres. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00378-00173628-00174417 And part of my research was always about giving back to the community as the first thing that +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00379-00174417-00174519 I needed to do. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00380-00174519-00175089 So when I first arrived, I kind of asked Manav Sadhna about where I was needed. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00381-00175089-00175754 And I really took the cues from them, from the communities that needed me and from the +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00382-00175754-00175854 children as well. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00383-00175854-00176342 So I ended up teaching art at a community centre. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00384-00176342-00176903 So a typical day was kind of to wake up in the morning, I lived with four girls in my +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00385-00176903-00177265 volunteer house, so we’d have breakfast, and then whoever was going out to the community +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00386-00177265-00177741 centre would all meet at about eight or so in the morning. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00387-00177741-00178219 And we’d grab a rickshaw up to the north of the city where this particular settlement +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00388-00178219-00178319 was. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00389-00178319-00179064 So, we take the rickshaw, and I guess, India really, when I think about India, its colours +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00390-00179064-00179567 have this burning kind of red color and a burnt orange. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00391-00179567-00180045 And then these pops of really bright colors like the bright yellow of the rickshaw and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00392-00180045-00180738 bright blue of a sari or something like that, so we kind of we travel in the rickshaw, arrive +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00393-00180738-00181013 across the road from the settlement. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00394-00181013-00181563 And in between me in the settlement is a six-lane highway, which I have to try and cross and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00395-00181563-00182060 I don’t know if anyone has been to India but the cars don’t stop for you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00396-00182060-00182510 And in Ahmedabad, they don’t even stop at red lights sometimes. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00397-00182510-00182915 So hopefully there’s someone there and I can kind of join in them or I’ve got other +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00398-00182915-00183400 people with me and we can walk across the road as a pack. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00399-00183400-00183938 So, we get the first, so there’s a break in the traffic and you kind of walk slowly, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00400-00183938-00184380 methodically across to the median and then you get to the next stage. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00401-00184380-00184779 And then the settlement itself, there’s kind of a row of formal buildings along the +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00402-00184779-00185091 road, of houses and shop fronts and things. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00403-00185091-00185520 And then as you move into the settlement, it becomes more and more informal as you go. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00404-00185520-00186167 So some of the land is owned privately, some publicly by the city and some by the state. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00405-00186167-00186688 An the community centre is about a 10-minute walk right at the back of the settlement that’s +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00406-00186688-00186999 continually expanding towards the river. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00407-00186999-00187547 And as I get closer to the community centre, there’s lots of shouts of “Kali didi, Kali +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00408-00187547-00187984 didi”, which means Kali sister, from the kids, and then they start popping out and then they +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00409-00187984-00188402 join me and we all walk to the community centre together. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00410-00188402-00189064 And then the community centre goes from about 8:30 to 11, and we start with an all religion +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00411-00189064-00189712 prayer, and meeting, and then we have an hour for lessons and I teach that it’s grades +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00412-00189712-00190313 one to five, so I teach one of those classes each day. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00413-00190313-00190747 And then, we’d have a little wrap up meeting with the teachers, we’d send the kids home +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00414-00190747-00190882 with a nutritious snack. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00415-00190882-00191497 And then after working at the community centre, I would often go to a preschool nearby and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00416-00191497-00192032 just help out, help them make food or do craft activities, that kind of thing. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00417-00192032-00192860 And in between, I’d take observations of how people were using public spaces, and spaces +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00418-00192860-00193076 in and around the home. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00419-00193076-00193461 And then on my way back, I would usually take a different route throughout the settlement +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00420-00193461-00193704 each time so that I could map it. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00421-00193704-00194203 And when I got home I had a kind of a digital plan of the settlement and I would start filling +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00422-00194203-00194834 it in about which route I took and where the shops were and that kind of thing. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00423-00194834-00195726 And I would take down my field notes and file all my photographs and that kind of thing. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00424-00195726-00196123 And I guess it’s really exhausting because you never get the opportunity to kind of switch +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00425-00196123-00196260 off. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00426-00196260-00196412 And so I was there. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00427-00196412-00196710 I did field work in three different sessions. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00428-00196710-00197271 And the second session went for three and a half months and in about three months in +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00429-00197271-00197766 I was able to do some interviews and I interviewed about 12 women living in the settlement and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00430-00197766-00198424 I had a translator who was a young architecture student, a woman, and she would come with +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00431-00198424-00198761 me and we do interviews with women. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00432-00198761-00199154 And, so the women elected to speak with me. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00433-00199154-00199614 And most of them, I’d built up a really strong relationship over the period that I’d +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00434-00199614-00199994 been there, which is about five months at that point, over two different trips. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00435-00199994-00200464 And it was amazing because it was the first time I’d actually gotten to speak to them +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00436-00200464-00200834 in depth, because my Gujarati isn’t that good. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00437-00200834-00201072 And I could never really ask their opinions. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00438-00201072-00201579 So, that was a really powerful thing to share with them. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00439-00201579-00202199 And through the course of doing interviews, I learned that a lot of the women that I knew +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00440-00202199-00202760 and that were associated with the community centre actually didn’t have a toilet. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00441-00202760-00203399 And you can imagine how devastating that is for someone’s life. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00442-00203399-00203994 And so at this point, I’d been there I was really tired and the architect kind of in +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00443-00203994-00204375 me kicked in and I was like, I can do this. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00444-00204375-00204484 I can get them a toilet. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00445-00204484-00204927 I kind of looked at and I’d got about two and a half weeks left or three weeks left. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00446-00204927-00205480 And so I thought, I don’t have enough money to build everyone a toilet, obviously. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00447-00205480-00205723 But I could probably do one and they didn’t have one. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00448-00205723-00206137 Most of these women worked as rag pickers, which means that they collect trash from the +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00449-00206137-00206388 street. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00450-00206388-00206929 And then they sort it and they sell it to recycling centres for money, and they earn +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00451-00206929-00207067 a few dollars every day. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00452-00207067-00207464 And that’s how they can feed their families. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00453-00207464-00207973 And so I thought, well, they don’t have a bathroom at the community centre that’s +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00454-00207973-00208073 just for them. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00455-00208073-00208611 So maybe I could create one that they could share. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00456-00208611-00209156 So I talked to the NGO about this, and they were kind of like, oh yeah, if you want to, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00457-00209156-00209305 go ahead. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00458-00209305-00209629 So they kind of give me the go ahead. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00459-00209629-00210142 And then I chatted to my friends who were volunteering as well and they said that they +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00460-00210142-00210309 would help me out. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00461-00210309-00210787 So, one of them was American, but she had parents who were born in Ahmedabad, so she +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00462-00210787-00210930 could speak Gujarati. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00463-00210930-00211358 So we met with the women on a Saturday and yeah, I’ve got about two and a half weeks +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00464-00211358-00211581 left at this point. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00465-00211581-00212210 And shared with them the idea, kind of got to know them, shared that the idea of creating +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00466-00212210-00212510 a toilet for them, most of them didn’t have a toilet. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00467-00212510-00213116 And they were all like, yes, that we know we want that, that’s a really good idea. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00468-00213116-00213584 And then we kind of went through some of the problems that might happen. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00469-00213584-00213798 So, how do we keep it clean, maintenance? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00470-00213798-00214263 So we said, okay, we’ll create a cleaning schedule. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00471-00214263-00214652 And then well, how do we make sure that other people don’t come in throughout the night +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00472-00214652-00214827 and that kind of thing? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00473-00214827-00215314 So we said, okay, we’ll have a key and only the women who, work at this place and use +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00474-00215314-00215571 the bathroom will have a key and so okay, great, awesome. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00475-00215571-00215867 We’re going to get this project going. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00476-00215867-00216273 And then the week later, we met again on a Saturday. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00477-00216273-00216830 And my friend Aisha who was translating, and my friend Stephanie from New Zealand were +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00478-00216830-00217406 there, Stephanie is a yoga teacher, she teaches kids yoga. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00479-00217406-00218425 And so we sat down, we were talking about the project and suddenly they were kind of, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00480-00218425-00218576 they were kind of negative about it. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00481-00218576-00218760 And I was like, what? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00482-00218760-00218860 What is going on? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00483-00218860-00218960 What’s happened? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00484-00218960-00219267 They need a toilet, and it seems pretty straightforward and we’d solved the problems. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00485-00219267-00219750 So I said to Aisha, can you ask them, why? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00486-00219750-00220077 Why this is happening, why they feel like this? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00487-00220077-00220592 What’s kind of going on underneath the surface of what they’re saying? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00488-00220592-00220982 And so she talked to them for a little while, and then she translated back and she said, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00489-00220982-00221271 well, they were talking about it over the week. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00490-00221271-00221932 And they thought that if they have the space that was just theirs, just for the women, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00491-00221932-00222558 that the men in their lives, their husbands and brothers and uncles wouldn’t like it +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00492-00222558-00223100 that they had a space that only they could use. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00493-00223100-00223659 And if they had this key and they had this space, then men would take it from them. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00494-00223659-00224417 And if the men started using it, then it would destroy the safety of that space. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00495-00224417-00224882 And if they didn’t give them the key, they would probably be beaten. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00496-00224882-00225414 Or they would incur some kind of violence because of that. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00497-00225414-00226083 And it’s a very emotional story because I was just devastated. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00498-00226083-00226661 I had so many feelings and my stomach just kind of dropped out of my body. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00499-00226661-00227467 It was awful to think that this could happen to them and so I kind of said immediately +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00500-00227467-00227871 well, we won’t do this project, we’ll just stop it. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00501-00227871-00228285 And then I asked Stephanie to take over the session, we still had half an hour left and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00502-00228285-00229061 do some yoga, and then I excuse myself and had a huge cry in a corner away from everyone, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00503-00229061-00229326 because I’ll try and explain how I was feeling. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00504-00229326-00230113 But yes, I was feeling so upset that this is the reality. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00505-00230113-00231052 I was feeling so ashamed and naive that I hadn’t ever thought that this could happen, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00506-00231052-00231817 and ashamed that I was putting forward a solution that could have made their lives worse. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00507-00231817-00232433 But also a little bit proud that I hadn’t let any kind of ego kind of come into play +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00508-00232433-00233098 and that as soon as I realised that that project could have done harm, I stopped it, straightaway. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00509-00233098-00233500 And then, so all of these feelings are kind of swirling around and I’m exhausted from +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00510-00233500-00233791 all of the fieldwork. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00511-00233791-00234092 And then I just said to myself, this is ridiculous. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00512-00234092-00234239 You can’t be here crying. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00513-00234239-00234450 Just pull yourself together and get back in there. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00514-00234450-00234566 So I did. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00515-00234566-00235057 But you could tell I was upset and we did the rest of the yoga class and I was like, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00516-00235057-00235157 okay. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00517-00235157-00235257 It’s okay. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00518-00235257-00235980 And then after the discussion, the women all came up to me in this big circle and they +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00519-00235980-00236876 can’t speak any English and they said, “Sorry, sorry Kali didi”, and I was just completely +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00520-00236876-00237415 bewildered like, why would they apologising to me so I asked Aisha, “Why are they apologising? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00521-00237415-00237603 What’s happening?” +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00522-00237603-00238144 And Aisha translate it back and she said, “Oh, they wanted to say sorry that you couldn’t +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00523-00238144-00238315 do your project.” +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00524-00238315-00239023 And I was just devastated again, because this wasn’t my project. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00525-00239023-00239178 It wasn’t about me. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00526-00239178-00239923 And I tried to explain through Aisha, through translation that I was upset because I could +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00527-00239923-00240487 have caused then harm and they were really confused by that, which just totally set me +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00528-00240487-00240998 off again because I realised that they are never really treated with any empathy. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00529-00240998-00241164 So I’m kind of crying. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00530-00241164-00241701 They’re looking at me like, what is this weirdo doing? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00531-00241701-00241960 Like, honestly, who, what? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00532-00241960-00242314 And my friends are kind of like, “Mate, you need to go home. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00533-00242314-00242694 You’re way too tired to deal with this.” +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00534-00242694-00243423 But anyway, this might seem like a really trivial story but it was a really important +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00535-00243423-00244336 moment that I think kind of encapsulates the transition that I made from architect to researcher +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00536-00244336-00245157 in that, buildings are never just physical objects, they are embedded with social and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00537-00245157-00245377 cultural meaning. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00538-00245377-00245679 There are hierarchies of power at play. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00539-00245679-00246394 And at times a building is not the right thing to do. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00540-00246394-00246929 And I guess I think of it as a success story, because you might well think of it as a failure. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00541-00246929-00247469 But I think of it as a success story because I trusted them. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00542-00247469-00247653 It’s kind of a mark of our relationship. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00543-00247653-00248236 I trusted them to tell me what they needed, or what they didn’t need in this case, and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00544-00248236-00248673 they trusted me not to abuse that situation. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00545-00248673-00249475 So I guess that’s a kind of story about how those positions kind of change and in +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00546-00249475-00249990 contrast to, similar to Loata’s but in contrast, as an outsider and kind of doing that through +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00547-00249990-00250438 translation and kind of a lot of the time realising that everyone thought I was a total +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00548-00250438-00250941 weirdo, but kind of going with it and making jokes about it and kind of being okay with +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00549-00250941-00251041 that. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00550-00251041-00251279 Has Loata made it back? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00551-00251279-00251448 Yes, I’m back. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00552-00251448-00252116 I was just wanting to just ask you a question with your experience. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00553-00252116-00252714 Like, was there any like, I mean, like you said, the toilet is very important because +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00554-00252714-00252894 there was no toilet there. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00555-00252894-00253571 So was there any suggestion that may be a dialogue between the men and the women? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00556-00253571-00253698 Is that a possibility? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00557-00253698-00253944 Or is that something that doesn’t happen? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00558-00253944-00254464 It’s something that I spoke to the NGO staff about a lot. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00559-00254464-00255150 It wasn’t my place, I couldn’t ... particularly as a woman, and then as a foreign woman, I +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00560-00255150-00255317 couldn’t really speak to the men. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00561-00255317-00255777 There are a few men that I had relationship like friendships with, I suppose, and obviously, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00562-00255777-00256198 the community centre staff, but it was very inappropriate for me to try and engage with +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00563-00256198-00256298 them. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00564-00256298-00256835 And I did talk a lot to the NGO staff about the importance of those kinds of cultural +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00565-00256835-00257559 shifts and kind of training for men not to abuse people. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00566-00257559-00258148 But that wasn’t really a place that I could kind of go and the people that I was working +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00567-00258148-00258660 with, it was a very bottom-up approach with children and women. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00568-00258660-00259317 So I didn’t do any kind of top down thing it was all bottom-up. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00569-00259317-00259955 I think maybe we reached our half an hour or did you have another question? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00570-00259955-00260523 We are close to time, or we are over time a little bit, but I think it would be good if there was +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00571-00260523-00260941 something more Loata wanted to end on before we ask… +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00572-00260941-00261594 Oh, have we run out of time? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00573-00261594-00262277 Well, maybe we could leave with just a really quick takeaway. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00574-00262277-00262858 Loata if you have any takeaways at the moment that you’d like to leave everyone with from +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00575-00262858-00263938 your research, just to wrap up. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00576-00263938-00264790 Okay. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00577-00264790-00265676 Just to wrap up is just, I guess as someone who works with the community and hearing from +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00578-00265676-00267092 what Kali’s experiences I guess working with their underlying issues. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00579-00267092-00267910 And also the underlying issues do undermine women’s development within some context, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00580-00267910-00268263 and especially in the Indigenous Fijian context. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00581-00268263-00268840 And I think one of the things that I found even though I was working on this nice cultural +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00582-00268840-00269478 centre, I realised that there are some things that are important. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00583-00269478-00269956 I think that’s what changed me when I went into the village and realised that when we +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00584-00269956-00270527 talk about women, we always seem to be talking about women’s empowerment. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00585-00270527-00271220 But we kind of sometimes forget that we need to look at their well being. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00586-00271220-00271614 And their well being is their homes, their built environment. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00587-00271614-00272463 And, like for toilet incident in the Fijian culture, when I went into the village for +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00588-00272463-00272991 the first time, one of the things that they told me in the mornings when you get up, don’t +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00589-00272991-00273842 go to the toilet because if you stand on the, you know how morning dew, morning dew on the +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00590-00273842-00273942 grass? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00591-00273942-00274042 Yeah. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00592-00274042-00274341 And most of the toilets are just a few metres away from the main home. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00593-00274341-00274924 So they told me make sure you don’t walk on the grass because that’s bad luck. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00594-00274924-00275093 And then I’m thinking to myself, oh my goodness. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00595-00275093-00275815 So if it’s bad luck for me to just step on the morning so I can go to the toilet, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00596-00275815-00276005 then where do I go? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00597-00276005-00276525 So again, there’s the belief system, and the funny thing was, when I was working on +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00598-00276525-00277283 the CWRC project, I did a bit of a design before I went into the village. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00599-00277283-00277421 And then that’s before I heard that story. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00600-00277421-00277690 And then I designed the toilet, outside from the main building. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00601-00277690-00277845 And then they went into the village. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00602-00277845-00278277 And then they said that, you can’t step on the morning dew to go to the toilet. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00603-00278277-00278439 Oh, goodness. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00604-00278439-00279150 So it’s the belief system also, that these are underlying issues, our belief system also +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00605-00279150-00279770 that we have to take into consideration and one of the things is, especially for the elderlies. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00606-00279770-00280420 So, that’s why I think, like what Kali is saying, the toilets are very important. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00607-00280420-00281049 And sometimes I might not be designing a big fancy building, but if I design a toilet, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00608-00281049-00281394 at least it’s kind of uplifting women’s well being. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00609-00281394-00281711 I just want to leave that with everyone. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00610-00281711-00282201 Just when if you think that there’s no project that you can do. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00611-00282201-00283026 Maybe a toilet might be the best thing that you might consider go and help a household +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00612-00283026-00283246 in one community that you might visit. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00613-00283246-00283847 I think that that would be the biggest help for any household, I would think. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00614-00283847-00285132 Yeah we think of it as a basic building typology, but it sounds very complex in cross-cultural situations. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00615-00285132-00285552 We have time for some questions before we go to the breakout rooms. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00616-00285552-00285865 I have lots of questions, but I will... +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00617-00285865-00286345 There’s a few, I think there’s a few in the comments. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00618-00286345-00286926 Nehchal, is that how I say your name? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00619-00286926-00287026 Nehchal. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00620-00287026-00287144 Nehchal, sorry. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00621-00287144-00287290 That’s okay. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00622-00287290-00287480 Had a question for Kali. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00623-00287480-00287746 Did you want to put that to Kali yourself? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00624-00287746-00287846 Yeah, sure. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00625-00287846-00288151 Thanks a lot for the opportunity. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00626-00288151-00288572 This is a really good research, it was really nice to hear about your research in Ahmedabad. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00627-00288572-00289299 And I’m curious to know about if your research includes development of slums? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00628-00289299-00289816 Is it different from the informal settlements that you’re talking about? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00629-00289816-00290506 And also how, according to you, these settlements are getting affected by the pandemic, how +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00630-00290506-00291153 their development is being influenced or will be influenced by the whole pandemic situation, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00631-00291153-00291325 if you could elaborate on that. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00632-00291325-00291584 Oh, thank you Nehchal for those questions. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00633-00291584-00292356 Yes, that’s a really important question about slums versus informal settlements. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00634-00292356-00292938 In India the areas that I’m working in are categorised as slums. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00635-00292938-00293484 But I have a few problems with the term slum because of the negative baggage that it has. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00636-00293484-00294206 So I choose to use the word informal settlement, but a lot of people do use them interchangeably. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00637-00294206-00294458 Slums are defined by what they lack. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00638-00294458-00295406 Whereas I’m trying to find the inherently good stuff about the place and use that as +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00639-00295406-00295741 a way to improve quality of life. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00640-00295741-00296360 So informal settlement just means that the land isn’t formally owned. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00641-00296360-00296970 So it’s still problematic for a lot of boring academic reasons. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00642-00296970-00297514 But it’s a little bit less baggagey than slum. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00643-00297514-00297892 So, that’s that part of the question. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00644-00297892-00298366 The pandemic, yeah, it can potentially be absolutely devastating. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00645-00298366-00299024 And I was a bit panicked, I suppose, when I first heard about it, going through India, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00646-00299024-00299634 the local NGO that I was working with, Manav Sadhna, has been doing an incredible job at +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00647-00299634-00300211 providing food because a lot of the people that live there, that I was working with daily +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00648-00300211-00300750 wage earners, which means that everything that they earned that day is how much food +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00649-00300750-00300870 they can put on the table. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00650-00300870-00301284 So of course, when India went into lockdown, and they’re not allowed to move and leave +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00651-00301284-00301839 their house, that’s obviously really problematic for a lot of people and a lot of people were +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00652-00301839-00302498 saying that, they might die of starvation rather than actually the pandemic. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00653-00302498-00303227 The friends that have internet on their phones I’ve been in touch with and they’re all +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00654-00303227-00303461 okey, so that’s really great. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00655-00303461-00303811 And there are really amazing people supporting on the ground. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00656-00303811-00304136 But other than that, I’m not sure how everyone is. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00657-00304136-00304371 Thank you for your questions. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00658-00304371-00304592 Thanks a lot, ma’am. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00659-00304592-00304702 Thank you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00660-00304702-00304868 Thank you, Kali. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00661-00304868-00305033 Thank you, Nehchal. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00662-00305033-00305432 I also was wondering, there’s a question here from Rutu. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00663-00305432-00305723 Is that the right pronunciation? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00664-00305723-00306008 Yes, Rutu, did you want to ask a question? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00665-00306008-00306502 I thought maybe Loata might be interested in answering this one. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00666-00306502-00307408 If you want to ask it, ask it to Loata yourself Rutu. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00667-00307408-00307731 You’ll have to unmute yourself. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00668-00307731-00307831 Yeah. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00669-00307831-00307931 Hello, everyone. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00670-00307931-00308071 Hi, Kali and hi Loata. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00671-00308071-00308275 I hope I’m pronouncing it correct. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00672-00308275-00308928 I just recently I’ve had a research paper in my curriculum on Indigenous construction. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00673-00308928-00309620 So I noticed that most of them are not aware as an architect or as an architecture student. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00674-00309620-00310197 So I was thinking like, do you think it’s important to have it in our curriculum and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00675-00310197-00310944 as a profession that like you have a project related to the community development? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00676-00310944-00311242 Did you get that? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00677-00311242-00311539 Oh, is Loata gone? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00678-00311539-00311763 She looks frozen. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00679-00311763-00312060 Oh no she’s there. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00680-00312060-00312524 Did you get the question Loata? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00681-00312524-00313499 I don’t know if she can hear. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00682-00313499-00313879 [Loata] Was it a question for me? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00683-00313879-00314401 I think you could answer it if you wanted to. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00684-00314401-00314553 Did you get it or not really? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00685-00314553-00315146 It was around whether there should be more awareness of community Indigenous development +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00686-00315146-00315507 in curriculums and as a profession. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00687-00315507-00316099 Are you there Loata? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00688-00316099-00316838 What do you think, Kali? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00689-00316838-00317280 Short answer, yes. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00690-00317280-00317720 Long answer is a little bit more complicated. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00691-00317720-00318407 I think it’s really important that people who’ve been oppressed or marginalised don’t +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00692-00318407-00318931 exist for us to experiment on. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00693-00318931-00319524 And I think it’s really important as a professional that you treat that job in exactly the same +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00694-00319524-00319886 way that you would any other client. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00695-00319886-00320530 It can be really tempting, I think for students to kind of want to build their experience +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00696-00320530-00320991 quickly and see some of those contexts as a way to do that. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00697-00320991-00321651 But unless they are being supported by a professional, it’s really inappropriate and you can cause +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00698-00321651-00321823 a lot of harm. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00699-00321823-00321933 But short answer, yes. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00700-00321933-00322610 I think it’s really important for us to learn about lots of different ways of being +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00701-00322610-00322963 and lots of different architecture. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00702-00322963-00323201 Yeah. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00703-00323201-00323301 Thank you, Kali. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00704-00323301-00323732 Loata is having trouble getting back on so I might try and help her but I did have a +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00705-00323732-00324079 question for you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00706-00324079-00324226 Sure. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00707-00324226-00324675 I just wondered if you had any tips for people generally who are working in cultures outside +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00708-00324675-00325329 of their own that they’re not familiar with, like a bit of a guideline or – +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00709-00325329-00325429 Yeah. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00710-00325429-00326029 Well, I think the most important thing is the relationship that you build. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00711-00326029-00326699 And in architecture, there’s a lot of focus on the building as an object, this beautiful, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00712-00326699-00327027 shiny, finished object. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00713-00327027-00327591 But in this kind of work, I actually don’t think that that’s very important. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00714-00327591-00327898 And it’s the least important part of it all. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00715-00327898-00328251 And the most important part is the relationship and that takes a lot of time. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00716-00328251-00328561 And it takes a lot of respect. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00717-00328561-00329515 And, like my toilet story, it takes the kind of, you need to listen to the things that +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00718-00329515-00329667 aren’t being said, I suppose. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00719-00329667-00329819 And it’s kind of empathy. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00720-00329819-00330420 I guess, there’s not really any way that you can be prepared for cultural difference +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00721-00330420-00331180 in every setting. There’s no book. You could read all the books in the world and there’d +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00722-00331180-00331555 still be a situation on the ground that is unexpected and you don’t know how to deal +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00723-00331555-00331655 with it. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00724-00331655-00332170 So I think if you start from a position of building trust in those relationships and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00725-00332170-00332715 listening to people and believing them when they say things, you might think it’s silly, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00726-00332715-00332815 but it actually doesn’t matter. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00727-00332815-00333077 You have to believe what they’re saying. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00728-00333077-00333707 So, that would be my biggest piece of advice, I suppose. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00729-00333707-00333807 Great. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00730-00333807-00334276 I think Loata’s in and out. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00731-00334276-00334681 She’s just having trouble connecting. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00732-00334681-00335499 Should we go to breakout rooms Justine or should I try and give her a call on the phone? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00733-00335499-00335957 Maybe we’ll try, maybe just try giving her a call, she was there a second ago. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00734-00335957-00336169 She’s just dropped out again. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00735-00336169-00336617 She has gone for a while, I’ll give her. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00736-00336617-00337164 Has anybody else got a question they’d like to pose while Emma’s doing this? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00737-00337164-00337431 Come on. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00738-00337431-00337831 Come on, Ali. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00739-00337831-00338253 I can’t ask Kali any more questions. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00740-00338253-00338722 But I reckon Charmaine must have a question. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00741-00338722-00338927 How about that? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00742-00338927-00339049 I guess. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00743-00339049-00339410 For people who are unaware, Kelly is my amazing supervisor. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00744-00339410-00339510 No. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00745-00339510-00340047 Yeah, I don’t mean no in that sense. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00746-00340047-00340285 I was looking, there’s so many cool people on this chat. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00747-00340285-00340385 There’s got to be some great questions. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00748-00340385-00341273 There’s Macarena. You are normally first with questions, Macarena, surely. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00749-00341273-00341490 It’s a very good crowd. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00750-00341490-00341725 We do have a question here. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00751-00341725-00342023 It’s just turned up in the chat, but- +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00752-00342023-00342285 I’ve got Loata on speaker. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00753-00342285-00342881 I don’t know if anyone will be able to hear her, but we can try. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00754-00342881-00343403 Okay, so I’m afraid I don’t know how to pronounce your name. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00755-00343403-00343503 Oh. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00756-00343503-00343603 Aoiffe. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00757-00343603-00343703 Aoiffe, yes. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00758-00343703-00343839 Sorry, this is so embarrassing. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00759-00343839-00344127 Aoiffe, I’m very embarrassed about that. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00760-00344127-00344394 But would you like to ask your question please? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00761-00344394-00344953 I was laughing from the moment that you started, I could see your face starting to change and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00762-00344953-00345071 I knew that’s it. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00763-00345071-00345545 I think once upon a time, I did used to know how to pronounce your name and it just evaporated +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00764-00345545-00345645 from my head. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00765-00345645-00345755 Don’t worry, very strange. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00766-00345755-00346088 Yeah, so it is something from the start. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00767-00346088-00346346 Can anyone hear me? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00768-00346346-00346446 Yes. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00769-00346446-00346546 Yes. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00770-00346546-00346646 Right. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00771-00346646-00347346 Okay, well, I think Aoiffe’s got a question for both Loata and Kali. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00772-00347346-00347585 So let’s go to that. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00773-00347585-00347888 Yeah, it’s something that Loata mentioned at the start. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00774-00347888-00348759 Which I think it was just a one liner, but it’s such a huge topic. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00775-00348759-00349298 You said that you were working in the role of not just an architect, but a facilitator. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00776-00349298-00350191 And I think I’ve described a few times to people, what an architect does as being a +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00777-00350191-00350291 facilitator. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00778-00350291-00350930 And I like to think that that’s our job, always, regardless of the project. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00779-00350930-00351549 Obviously, it’s kind of undermined the less involvement we have, depending on the kind +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00780-00351549-00351758 of contractual setup. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00781-00351758-00352474 But, do either of you have kind of thoughts on how architecture can reclaim that role, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00782-00352474-00353199 like the fullness of the architectural role as being a facilitator for the whole project, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00783-00353199-00353634 compared to what a lot of people will see it as now. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00784-00353634-00353858 Is Loata back? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00785-00353858-00354007 Loata, go. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00786-00354007-00354232 Oh my gosh. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00787-00354232-00354661 Can you repeat your question please? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00788-00354661-00354761 Sure. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00789-00354761-00355198 Sorry, I’ll try and be more concise. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00790-00355198-00355552 So, it’s accentuated obviously when you’re working - +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00791-00355552-00355652 Hello. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00792-00355652-00355881 Can you hear me? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00793-00355881-00356754 I’m going to call her, and I’m going to. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00794-00356754-00357058 Anyone hear me? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00795-00357058-00357160 Yes. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00796-00357160-00357401 We can hear you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00797-00357401-00357759 We can hear you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00798-00357759-00357859 Hello. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00799-00357859-00358099 Hello, carry over. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00800-00358099-00358199 Hello. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00801-00358199-00358799 I’m going to ask you the question on the phone. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00802-00358799-00358899 Okay. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00803-00358899-00358999 Okay. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00804-00358999-00359375 So, Aoiffe said when you mentioned that you were working in the context of not just the +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00805-00359375-00359602 architect, but a facilitator. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00806-00359602-00360320 She was wondering if you could elaborate on whether you have any thoughts about how this +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00807-00360320-00360598 shift in perception could be made permanently? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00808-00360598-00361556 Hang on, I’m going to put you on speaker if you’re gone from there. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00809-00361556-00361710 Okay. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00810-00361710-00362163 Can you hear Loata, everyone? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00811-00362163-00362263 Speak. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00812-00362263-00362736 Yeah, your role as facilitation? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00813-00362736-00364420 I guess, understanding the context is the first process that you need to go in as a professional. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00814-00364420-00365720 And I guess facilitation comes with a process of also trying to get yourself, you know, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00815-00365720-00366246 how we come in to a community that that perception is going to be there. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00816-00366254-00366754 But like you said, it’s a permanent thing, but I don’t think you can have in a permanent +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00817-00366766-00367820 thing because every context is different. And it would depend on your process, you as an individual, and how +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00818-00367830-00368200 you allow yourself to engage with the community. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00819-00368200-00369000 Like my process, for me, going back into my community, I had to go through a process of +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00820-00369000-00369500 decolonising myself as a professional. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00821-00369500-00370000 I’m not decolonising my community, I’m decolonising myself. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00822-00370000-00370710 So in my process of self determination, so it has to be a self determining process for +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00823-00370710-00371220 the professional as they go into these sorts of contexts, because they have to try and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00824-00371220-00371700 understand the context and the people that they will be working with. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00825-00371700-00372220 And through that, you’ll be able to then develop your own proces s of facilitation. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00826-00372220-00372400 Yeah. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00827-00372400-00372810 That’s what I think. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00828-00372810-00373620 And I think it’s worked for me and also your sense of, as an architect observing the +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00829-00373620-00373900 environment that you are working within. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00830-00373900-00374420 Like sometimes given our sense of observation, our listening skills. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00831-00374420-00375222 And sometimes you feel like, okay, I have to do this this way, but sometimes it doesn’t +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00832-00375222-00375330 work that way. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00833-00375330-00376000 Because that’s not the way the community that you’re working with works. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00834-00376000-00376300 So you just have to go in and just try it. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00835-00376300-00376910 Like, just like what Kali said, when she went in, she had to go in for a while before she +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00836-00376924-00377224 had been able to have a contact with the women. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00837-00377224-00377750 And that’s the same thing that I felt when the first time I entered into the village. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00838-00377750-00378160 It took me a while, I was trying to force myself onto the community. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00839-00378160-00378380 But it didn’t work. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00840-00378380-00379040 I thought it would work because I was from the community so I look at it as kind of like +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00841-00379040-00379654 your assumed perception and the reality of what’s on the ground. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00842-00379670-00380544 So I guess, a permanent thing, I don’t think you’ll be able to get a permanent thing. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00843-00380544-00381026 I think it’s kind of like a process and each one of us will have to find that process +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00844-00381044-00381464 in how you engage with the community that you work with, especially with projects, but +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00845-00381464-00381660 community projects. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00846-00381660-00381828 Yeah, that makes sense. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00847-00381828-00381950 Thanks, Loata. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00848-00381960-00382300 [Loata] Thank you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00849-00382300-00382606 What do you think? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00850-00382620-00382828 Okay, shall we try the breakout rooms? +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00851-00382846-00383180 Yes. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00852-00383210-00384000 So, for those of you who were here for the last Salon, we are trying to sort of replicate +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00853-00384000-00384500 that chat that we have afterwards where everyone stands around with something to drink and +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00854-00384500-00384800 something to eat and has a chat. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00855-00384800-00385000 Of course, we’ll... +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00856-00385000-00386160 So, what we are going to do is sort of randomly divide you into groups. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00857-00386160-00386760 We understand that not everyone will want to do this, but it really worked quite well +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00858-00386760-00387134 last time, we had a great time, we sort of everyone really got to meet someone they didn’t +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00859-00387160-00387260 know before. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00860-00387260-00387860 I think some new friendships might have started, some other friendships got rekindled. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00861-00387860-00388384 So, if you completely freaked out about the idea of turning up in a Zoom room with people +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00862-00388384-00388560 you don’t know. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00863-00388560-00389160 That’s fine, and we really thank you for coming and you’re very welcome to go back +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00864-00389160-00389460 to your life. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00866-00393569-00393669 And I think what we’re going to do is have a sort of 15 minute session and then we’ll +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00867-00393669-00393769 bring everyone back into the sort of main room and then we’ll send everyone out for +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00868-00393769-00393869 another 15 minutes with someone else with another group of people. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00869-00393869-00393969 But before we do that, I just wanted to tell you about a couple of things that Parlour +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00870-00393969-00394069 has got on. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00871-00394069-00394169 So tomorrow we’ve got our usual Friday lunchtime session light at the end of the tunnel. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00872-00394169-00394269 And this week, it’s called Finding Opportunity. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00873-00394269-00394369 And it’s with Kim Bazeley, who’s here tonight, I was very happy to see Kim. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00874-00394369-00394469 And Tania Davidge. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00875-00394469-00394569 Again, a kind of fairly informal Q&A type session a different format, but they’ve +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00876-00394569-00394669 been really successful. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00877-00394669-00394769 So we hope some of you might come along to that tomorrow. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00878-00394769-00394869 And you’ve probably all been flooded with endless emails from me about a survey that +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00879-00394869-00395415 we’re running, which I do hope you’ve all done and I know it’s long because I +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00880-00395415-00395515 wrote it. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00881-00395515-00395815 It’s really long, it took me a very long time to write. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00882-00395815-00396180 But we think it’s going to provide some really valuable data. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00883-00396180-00396430 We’ve got 1,800 responses so far. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00884-00396430-00396577 So we’re very happy about that. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00885-00396577-00396949 Gill, my colleague who’s also here is going to be doing the whole of data crunching. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00886-00396949-00397378 But if you haven’t done it, please do try and make time. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00887-00397378-00397856 And we’ve got a bit of a gender balance problem, we’ve got a lot of women done it, +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00888-00397856-00398321 we’ve had an increasing number of men taking that survey, but we would like more. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00889-00398321-00398786 So try and strong arm the men in your architectural lives into taking it. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00890-00398786-00399428 Unfortunately, Survey Monkey is actually going to be down tomorrow morning. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00891-00399428-00399916 So I’m exhorting you to take the survey, but you won’t be able to do it until Friday +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00892-00399916-00400016 afternoon. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00893-00400016-00400490 And if you don’t do it tonight, and so as a result, we’re also going to keep it open +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00894-00400490-00400590 till Saturday. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00895-00400590-00401226 And hopefully next week, we won’t bombard you with quite as many emails as we have this +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00896-00401226-00401326 week. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00897-00401326-00401499 But thank you all for coming. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00898-00401499-00402344 It’s really lovely to see that wonderful mosaic of people and Kali says she’s not +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00899-00402344-00403055 freaked out by the chat rooms, but she’s leaving anyway. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00900-00403055-00404099 Anyway, so the lovely hope from Monash I believe is going to magically pop us all into some +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00901-00404099-00404199 chat rooms. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00902-00404199-00404299 So, just- +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00903-00404299-00404494 I just wanted to say quickly, thank you to Kali and Loata. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00904-00404494-00404777 I don’t think I said thank you at the end. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00905-00404777-00404878 Sorry. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00906-00404878-00404979 No +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00907-00404979-00405282 It’s all right. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00908-00405282-00405420 I’m so sorry. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00909-00405420-00405646 Kali and Loata, thank you so much. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00910-00405646-00406206 And I wanted to say to that, both of you I’ve sort of, Kali, I thought you’ve always been +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00911-00406206-00406553 out there with Parlour and I but I haven’t really got to know you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00912-00406553-00407051 And so I’m very happy and Loata, I’ve recently, we’ve just published something. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00913-00407051-00407595 And so I’m very happy that Loata is being drawn into the word of Parlour. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00914-00407595-00408045 And it was a very generous conversation and we really, really appreciated it and I’m +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00915-00408045-00408291 so sorry, I forgot to say thank you. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00916-00408291-00408513 Thank you for having us. +xIUwxB6Gu_u-00917-00408513-00408779 Thank you for having us, yes. +xKnNXCTHyHM-00000-00000010-00000093 WITHHELD PENDING THE +xKnNXCTHyHM-00001-00000093-00000100 WITHHELD PENDING THE +xKnNXCTHyHM-00002-00000100-00000370 WITHHELD PENDING THE NOTIFICATION OF HIS FAMILY +xKnNXCTHyHM-00003-00000370-00000377 WITHHELD PENDING THE NOTIFICATION OF HIS FAMILY +xKnNXCTHyHM-00004-00000377-00000430 WITHHELD PENDING THE NOTIFICATION OF HIS FAMILY MEMBERS. +xKnNXCTHyHM-00005-00000430-00000437 NOTIFICATION OF HIS FAMILY MEMBERS. +xKnNXCTHyHM-00006-00000437-00000540 NOTIFICATION OF HIS FAMILY MEMBERS. >>> PARTS OF THE SOO LINE TRAIL +xKnNXCTHyHM-00007-00000540-00000547 MEMBERS. >>> PARTS OF THE SOO LINE TRAIL +xKnNXCTHyHM-00008-00000547-00000627 MEMBERS. >>> PARTS OF THE SOO LINE TRAIL NEAR REMER HAVE 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CASS COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE +xKnNXCTHyHM-00013-00000920-00000927 TO HEAVY RAINFALL. CASS COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE +xKnNXCTHyHM-00014-00000927-00001077 TO HEAVY RAINFALL. 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SEVERAL LARGE WASHOUTS HAVE DEVELOPED FROM RECENT HEAVY +xKnNXCTHyHM-00025-00001965-00001971 SEVERAL LARGE WASHOUTS HAVE DEVELOPED FROM RECENT HEAVY +xKnNXCTHyHM-00026-00001971-00002122 SEVERAL LARGE WASHOUTS HAVE DEVELOPED FROM RECENT HEAVY RAINFALL AND, AS A RESULT, +xKnNXCTHyHM-00027-00002122-00002128 DEVELOPED FROM RECENT HEAVY RAINFALL AND, AS A RESULT, +xKnNXCTHyHM-00028-00002128-00002285 DEVELOPED FROM RECENT HEAVY RAINFALL AND, AS A RESULT, SEVERAL AREAS OF WASHED OUT +xKnNXCTHyHM-00029-00002285-00002292 RAINFALL AND, AS A RESULT, SEVERAL AREAS OF WASHED OUT +xKnNXCTHyHM-00030-00002292-00002445 RAINFALL AND, AS A RESULT, SEVERAL AREAS OF WASHED OUT TRAIL AND DANGERS WERE FLAGGED +xKnNXCTHyHM-00031-00002445-00002452 SEVERAL AREAS OF WASHED OUT TRAIL AND DANGERS WERE FLAGGED +xKnNXCTHyHM-00032-00002452-00002599 SEVERAL AREAS OF WASHED OUT TRAIL AND DANGERS WERE FLAGGED AND MARKED. +xKnNXCTHyHM-00033-00002599-00002605 TRAIL AND DANGERS WERE FLAGGED AND MARKED. +xKnNXCTHyHM-00034-00002605-00002786 TRAIL AND DANGERS WERE FLAGGED AND MARKED. SOME AREAS OF THE TRAIL ARE +xKnNXCTHyHM-00035-00002786-00002792 AND MARKED. SOME AREAS OF THE TRAIL ARE +xKnNXCTHyHM-00036-00002792-00002916 AND MARKED. SOME AREAS OF THE TRAIL ARE CURRENTLY UNDER WATER. +xKnNXCTHyHM-00037-00002916-00002922 SOME AREAS OF THE TRAIL ARE CURRENTLY UNDER WATER. +xKnNXCTHyHM-00038-00002922-00003069 SOME AREAS OF THE TRAIL ARE CURRENTLY UNDER WATER. EXTREME CAUTION IS ENCOURAGED +xKnNXCTHyHM-00039-00003069-00003076 CURRENTLY UNDER WATER. EXTREME CAUTION IS ENCOURAGED +xKnNXCTHyHM-00040-00003076-00003216 CURRENTLY UNDER WATER. EXTREME CAUTION IS ENCOURAGED WHILE TRAVELING IN THIS AREA. +xKnNXCTHyHM-00041-00003216-00003223 EXTREME CAUTION IS ENCOURAGED WHILE TRAVELING IN THIS AREA. +xKnNXCTHyHM-00042-00003223-00003276 EXTREME CAUTION IS ENCOURAGED WHILE TRAVELING IN THIS AREA. ARRANGEMENTS ARE CURRENTLY BEING +xLvSm2HMJg8-00000-00000000-00002609 Gnome Noises +xMn6XsrOhjU-00000-00000011-00000416 [Music plays] +xMn6XsrOhjU-00001-00000418-00000735 (Gary Murphy) We entered the Green Globe Awards, I guess, just to +xMn6XsrOhjU-00002-00000738-00001022 see how we would go. To see whether +xMn6XsrOhjU-00003-00001036-00001198 what we thought was really good, +xMn6XsrOhjU-00004-00001201-00001455 in fact stacked up against the rest of +xMn6XsrOhjU-00005-00001460-00001795 the community and guess what it did! (Laughs). +xMn6XsrOhjU-00006-00001798-00002206 (Sharyn Hunnisett) Winning not only one but two Green Globe Awards +xMn6XsrOhjU-00007-00002222-00002488 really gave us the recognition and confidence +xMn6XsrOhjU-00008-00002491-00002823 that we are heading down the right path in sustainability. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00009-00002828-00003247 The Floating Solar Farm at the Wyralla Road Sewerage Treatment Plant +xMn6XsrOhjU-00010-00003250-00003544 came about because we simply didn’t have enough space. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00011-00003547-00003846 We spent 18 months looking at different locations +xMn6XsrOhjU-00012-00003848-00004142 that we could install a 99-kilowatt solar farm. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00013-00004145-00004552 It’s our highest use site so we really had to find somewhere to put it +xMn6XsrOhjU-00014-00004554-00004843 and then we realised there was a big pond out the back. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00015-00004846-00005156 So we thought why not use that. So we’re really excited +xMn6XsrOhjU-00016-00005158-00005538 to see that the installation of this Floating Solar Farm +xMn6XsrOhjU-00017-00005540-00005778 is going to happen by the end of 2016. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00018-00005781-00005944 (Kevin Trustum) So here in Lismore, +xMn6XsrOhjU-00019-00005947-00006125 we look at a lot of things differently. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00020-00006128-00006356 So we have a pool car that’s fully electric +xMn6XsrOhjU-00021-00006359-00006523 that’s powered by solar panels. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00022-00006525-00006688 We do composting. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00023-00006691-00007007 We run a Materials Recovery Facility to sort the recyclables, +xMn6XsrOhjU-00024-00007010-00007194 and we also crush the glass to make sand +xMn6XsrOhjU-00025-00007196-00007562 that’s used in quarry products and our roadmaking for council, +xMn6XsrOhjU-00026-00007564-00007751 which closes the loop on glass. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00027-00007753-00007912 And then for our recycling system +xMn6XsrOhjU-00028-00007914-00008156 we allow residents to actually put their plastic bags +xMn6XsrOhjU-00029-00008158-00008388 in their recycling bins which is generally a no-no, +xMn6XsrOhjU-00030-00008390-00008554 it’s later pulled out and recycled. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00031-00008556-00008837 We also have Resource Recovery Collection Satchels. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00032-00008840-00009131 The residents can put mobile phones, household batteries, +xMn6XsrOhjU-00033-00009134-00009403 smoke detectors, X-rays, reading glasses, +xMn6XsrOhjU-00034-00009421-00009592 corks, lots of different things in +xMn6XsrOhjU-00035-00009594-00009820 and they are pulled out and recycled as well. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00036-00009823-00010045 So it really gives households an option to recycle +xMn6XsrOhjU-00037-00010047-00010291 a whole range of products that they couldn’t otherwise. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00038-00010304-00010533 (Gary Murphy) We are focussing on environmental +xMn6XsrOhjU-00039-00010535-00010709 and other sustainability initiatives +xMn6XsrOhjU-00040-00010711-00010950 as part of business as usual. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00041-00010985-00011312 So it’s not just one project, it’s not just +xMn6XsrOhjU-00042-00011323-00011617 the flavour of the month that that’s what we’re going to be doing. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00043-00011623-00011826 We are committed to this process +xMn6XsrOhjU-00044-00011828-00012165 and I guess that integrated approach is why we won. +xMn6XsrOhjU-00045-00012180-00013400 [Music plays] +xMFW8xNBCzk-00000-00000886-00001501 As a scientist, I love questions...the more the better. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00001-00001588-00001756 When I play a question game with my kids, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00002-00001778-00002002 extra points are awarded if the questions are tricky +xMFW8xNBCzk-00003-00002028-00002237 and a special bonus is given if the questions are +xMFW8xNBCzk-00004-00002237-00002387 about something entirely familiar, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00005-00002387-00002607 but with very deep consequences. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00006-00002659-00002937 In fact, I almost always lose the competition, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00007-00002937-00003088 as I find that young children have some +xMFW8xNBCzk-00008-00003088-00003207 of the very best questions. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00009-00003250-00003618 Let me give you some ideas of the kinds of questions I mean. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00010-00003722-00003978 Why is it that I can't put my hand through this table, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00011-00003978-00004158 but I can wave my hand through air? +xMFW8xNBCzk-00012-00004178-00004701 How can it possibly be that steam, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00013-00004721-00004980 water and ice are actually the same thing? +xMFW8xNBCzk-00014-00005045-00005232 They seem to have totally different properties. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00015-00005337-00005436 Just what is fire? +xMFW8xNBCzk-00016-00005552-00005651 And what makes it glow? +xMFW8xNBCzk-00017-00005786-00006002 Essentially, the questions can all be boiled +xMFW8xNBCzk-00018-00006002-00006282 down to what are the ultimate building blocks of reality +xMFW8xNBCzk-00019-00006320-00006511 and what are the rules that govern them? +xMFW8xNBCzk-00020-00006551-00006818 Questions like these have perplexed humanity for as long +xMFW8xNBCzk-00021-00006818-00006911 as we've kept records. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00022-00006950-00007234 And, of course, with questions have come answers, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00023-00007275-00007425 with varying degrees of sensibility, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00024-00007442-00007736 from the four elements of fire, water, air and Earth, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00025-00007736-00007924 to the more modern ideas of chemistry. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00026-00008035-00008232 However, in the last 50 years or so, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00027-00008255-00008430 we have made some very rapid progress. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00028-00008467-00008689 Indeed, our modern understanding of the underpinnings +xMFW8xNBCzk-00029-00008689-00008952 of the universe can explain phenomena from the behavior +xMFW8xNBCzk-00030-00008952-00009147 of atoms, to how stars burn. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00031-00009147-00009397 We have a name for this understanding. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00032-00009428-00009679 It is called the Standard Model of particle physics, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00033-00009679-00009856 or just the Standard Model for short. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00034-00009905-00010148 To understand what goes into the Standard Model, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00035-00010177-00010430 we need to recall some ideas we might have learned in school. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00036-00010499-00010867 If you've ever taken a chemistry class, you've heard that all +xMFW8xNBCzk-00037-00010867-00011154 of the matter of the universe is made of about 100 elements. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00038-00011256-00011476 However, even if you never studied chemistry, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00039-00011476-00011732 you've probably heard that all matter is made of atoms. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00040-00011805-00012044 You've even probably seen this little logo for an atom, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00041-00012070-00012382 which shows a tiny nucleus, with electrons swirling around it. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00042-00012432-00012637 Atoms like these are the smallest examples +xMFW8xNBCzk-00043-00012637-00012869 of the various elements and you could reasonably think of them +xMFW8xNBCzk-00044-00012869-00013199 as the universe's ultimate building blocks However, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00045-00013199-00013392 nearly a century ago, physicists realized +xMFW8xNBCzk-00046-00013392-00013512 that this wasn't the final word. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00047-00013565-00013772 We discovered that the nucleus of the atom was made +xMFW8xNBCzk-00048-00013772-00013928 of varying numbers of two particles, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00049-00013928-00014046 called protons and neutrons. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00050-00014116-00014299 This was a substantial simplification +xMFW8xNBCzk-00051-00014299-00014436 in our understanding of the universe. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00052-00014494-00014775 Rather than 100 chemical elements, we now realized +xMFW8xNBCzk-00053-00014775-00015091 that with a mere three subatomic particles, called protons, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00054-00015091-00015411 neutrons and electrons, we could, in principle at least, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00055-00015411-00015555 construct an entire cosmos. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00056-00015600-00015784 And that is a pretty impressive achievement. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00057-00015874-00016221 However, during the 1940s through the 1960s, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00058-00016227-00016487 physicists discovered many more subatomic particles +xMFW8xNBCzk-00059-00016487-00016665 in experiments using particle accelerators. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00060-00016733-00016940 Rather than the simple model of three particles, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00061-00016940-00017232 literally hundreds of subatomic particles were discovered. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00062-00017289-00017560 Clearly, another simplifying insight was in order. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00063-00017560-00017973 The mid 1960s was when our modern understanding +xMFW8xNBCzk-00064-00017973-00018162 of the subatomic realm began to develop. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00065-00018193-00018437 Physicists realized that the familiar proton +xMFW8xNBCzk-00066-00018437-00018631 and neutron were made of smaller objects still. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00067-00018697-00018882 These smaller objects are called quarks. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00068-00018968-00019181 We now know of six types of quarks. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00069-00019189-00019530 They have kind of silly names, which are: up, down, charm, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00070-00019530-00019704 strange, top and bottom. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00071-00019786-00020062 Up and down quarks are found inside the proton and neutron, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00072-00020105-00020345 while the others are necessary to explain vast number +xMFW8xNBCzk-00073-00020345-00020543 of discoveries made in particle accelerators. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00074-00020644-00020840 In addition to the quarks, there is another class +xMFW8xNBCzk-00075-00020840-00021026 of subatomic particles called leptons. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00076-00021082-00021356 The most familiar lepton is the electron, although it turns +xMFW8xNBCzk-00077-00021356-00021537 out that there are six leptons as well. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00078-00021597-00021814 Three of these leptons have electrical charge. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00079-00021852-00022079 These are the electron, the muon and the tau. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00080-00022158-00022435 The other three are neutrinos, which are electrically neutral. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00081-00022527-00022861 These quarks and leptons include every particle that we know of. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00082-00022921-00023215 The up and down quarks and the electron are the building blocks +xMFW8xNBCzk-00083-00023215-00023299 of the cosmos. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00084-00023339-00023555 The other nine particles have all been observed +xMFW8xNBCzk-00085-00023578-00023666 in our accelerators. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00086-00023753-00024018 However, while the building blocks of nature are important, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00087-00024018-00024169 we have forgotten an important point. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00088-00024235-00024393 This important point is force. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00089-00024452-00024730 Without forces, these particles would wander around the cosmos, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00090-00024730-00024844 not interacting with each other. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00091-00024885-00024961 And that would be bad. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00092-00024992-00025261 If something didn't stick the quarks and leptons together, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00093-00025261-00025513 there would be no atoms and consequently no us. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00094-00025589-00025849 Physicists know of four different forces. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00095-00025899-00026045 The most familiar force is gravity. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00096-00026066-00026343 It keeps us firmly attached to earth and governs the path +xMFW8xNBCzk-00097-00026343-00026531 of the stars and planets in the sky. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00098-00026598-00026829 It turns out that gravity is actually a very weak force +xMFW8xNBCzk-00099-00026848-00027069 and we don't understand how it works in the quantum realm. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00100-00027155-00027412 However, the three other forces are very well understood. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00101-00027428-00027689 The next most familiar force is electromagnetism. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00102-00027752-00028033 Electromagnetism is responsible for electricity and magnetism +xMFW8xNBCzk-00103-00028033-00028331 of course, but it is the reason why light exists and, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00104-00028331-00028464 in the context of building matter, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00105-00028464-00028771 its most important attribute is that it is the force +xMFW8xNBCzk-00106-00028771-00029061 that binds the electrons to atomic nuclei and makes atoms. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00107-00029109-00029276 The electromagnetic force is responsible +xMFW8xNBCzk-00108-00029276-00029413 for all of chemistry. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00109-00029474-00029689 The other two forces are less familiar. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00110-00029707-00030030 The first is the strong nuclear force, and it is this force +xMFW8xNBCzk-00111-00030030-00030300 that ties quarks together inside protons and neutrons +xMFW8xNBCzk-00112-00030330-00030519 and other particles physicists have discovered. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00113-00030598-00030918 The weak force is responsible for some types of radioactivity +xMFW8xNBCzk-00114-00030940-00031127 and plays a role in how the Sun burns. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00115-00031194-00031430 These four forces have very different properties. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00116-00031481-00031766 Gravity and electromagnetism have a very long range, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00117-00031793-00032008 like the gravity from the Sun affecting the path +xMFW8xNBCzk-00118-00032008-00032365 of distant Pluto In contrast, the weak +xMFW8xNBCzk-00119-00032365-00032647 and the strong nuclear forces only have an appreciable effect +xMFW8xNBCzk-00120-00032647-00032882 over distances smaller than the size of a proton. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00121-00032916-00033092 At distances bigger than an atom, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00122-00033092-00033312 these nuclear forces essentially don't exist. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00123-00033376-00033612 This is kind of like Velcro, where if two pieces +xMFW8xNBCzk-00124-00033612-00033835 of Velcro are touching, they are strongly tied together, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00125-00033835-00034097 but when they are pulled apart, they feel no force at all. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00126-00034206-00034431 The strength of the forces is really quite different. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00127-00034525-00034759 If we call the strength of the strong force to be 1 unit +xMFW8xNBCzk-00128-00034759-00035086 of strength, like 1 mile or 1 hour, then the strength +xMFW8xNBCzk-00129-00035086-00035352 of the electromagnetic force is about 100 times smaller. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00130-00035399-00035737 The strength of the weak force is about 100,000 times smaller. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00131-00035794-00035984 And the strength of the puny force of gravity +xMFW8xNBCzk-00132-00035984-00036331 between two particles is a 1 followed by 40 zeros smaller. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00133-00036410-00036621 This weakness of gravity is why we can't study +xMFW8xNBCzk-00134-00036621-00036835 at particle accelerators and is huge mystery. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00135-00036889-00037110 We don't understand why gravity is so much weaker +xMFW8xNBCzk-00136-00037110-00037202 than the other forces. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00137-00037255-00037478 Gravity is currently not part of the Standard Model. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00138-00037530-00037733 How do these forces work? +xMFW8xNBCzk-00139-00037800-00038074 In the realm of the super small, we need to have a different way +xMFW8xNBCzk-00140-00038074-00038189 of thinking of forces. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00141-00038201-00038548 At the quantum scale, forces are caused by exchanging particles. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00142-00038595-00038846 To understand how this works, imagine standing in a boat +xMFW8xNBCzk-00143-00038846-00039012 and having someone throw you a heavy sack. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00144-00039071-00039305 Your boat would move as if it had felt a force. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00145-00039359-00039595 Similarly, if you throw a heavy sack off the boat, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00146-00039615-00039727 the boat would move. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00147-00039758-00039932 All the subatomic forces work +xMFW8xNBCzk-00148-00039932-00040086 by exchanging a different kind of particle. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00149-00040161-00040490 The particles are the gluon for the strong nuclear force, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00150-00040520-00040812 the photon for the electromagnetic force and the W +xMFW8xNBCzk-00151-00040812-00041015 and Z bosons for the weak nuclear force. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00152-00041079-00041334 Physicists speculate about a particle called the graviton +xMFW8xNBCzk-00153-00041340-00041556 for gravity, but this has not been demonstrated. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00154-00041611-00041743 So that's the Standard Model. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00155-00041805-00042040 Twelve particles of matter, governed by three forces +xMFW8xNBCzk-00156-00042067-00042278 that are caused by the exchange of four particles. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00157-00042306-00042560 From these building blocks, with the right recipe, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00158-00042560-00042684 we can build the universe. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00159-00042735-00042985 Experiments with particle accelerators have completed our +xMFW8xNBCzk-00160-00042985-00043246 understanding of the Standard Model with amazing precision. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00161-00043288-00043536 Now I don't want to leave you with the idea +xMFW8xNBCzk-00162-00043536-00043692 that there are no mysteries left to solve. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00163-00043773-00044010 While the Standard Model is the most successful theory ever +xMFW8xNBCzk-00164-00044010-00044225 devised, there are still frontiers to explore. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00165-00044303-00044609 For instance, the Standard Model includes a particle called the +xMFW8xNBCzk-00166-00044609-00044852 Higgs boson which is thought to give mass +xMFW8xNBCzk-00167-00044852-00044972 to the other particles. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00168-00045014-00045279 We still have a lot to learn about the origin of mass. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00169-00045321-00045639 Further, we don't understand why there are twelve matter +xMFW8xNBCzk-00170-00045639-00045912 particles and why the quarks and leptons are different. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00171-00045987-00046170 We don't know why there are four forces +xMFW8xNBCzk-00172-00046170-00046364 and where gravity fits into the picture. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00173-00046409-00046570 There are plenty of mysteries to solve. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00174-00046685-00046808 These are great questions, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00175-00046808-00046966 just like the ones we started this video with. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00176-00047020-00047162 It's an awful lot of fun to think about them. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00177-00047205-00047448 And there's no reason why we scientists should have all +xMFW8xNBCzk-00178-00047448-00047484 the fun. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00179-00047515-00047790 So I invite you to join my colleagues and I +xMFW8xNBCzk-00180-00047813-00047950 by reading up on these ideas. +xMFW8xNBCzk-00181-00047998-00048203 You could become a subatomic adventurer like us, +xMFW8xNBCzk-00182-00048218-00049079 exploring the quantum frontier. +xN1QKwKLM18-00000-00000608-00001057 One of the projects that my organization is best known for is a project called the Red Hook +xN1QKwKLM18-00001-00001057-00001548 Community Justice Center, which is a neighborhood-based court that's located in a very +xN1QKwKLM18-00002-00001548-00001998 low income neighborhood in Brooklyn thats actually home to one of New York's oldest and largest +xN1QKwKLM18-00003-00001998-00002530 public housing developments, and we created a neighborhood-based justice center that hears +xN1QKwKLM18-00004-00002530-00003157 low-level cases originating from the neighborhood-misdemeanor cases primarily but also some +xN1QKwKLM18-00005-00003157-00003750 low-level felonies. And what we're trying to do with Red Hook is really combine punishment and +xN1QKwKLM18-00006-00003750-00004508 help, and so we're linking offenders to very visible community restitution projects, making +xN1QKwKLM18-00007-00004508-00004908 them pay back the neighborhood that they've harmed with their criminal behavior. But we're also +xN1QKwKLM18-00008-00004908-00005435 linking them to the kinds of social service interventions-job training, drug treatment, things +xN1QKwKLM18-00009-00005435-00005976 like that--that, you know that, touchwood, might help them stop a life of kind of repeated +xN1QKwKLM18-00010-00005976-00006083 criminal behavior. +xN1QKwKLM18-00011-00006083-00006590 Every couple of years we do a neighborhood survey where we go out and we knock on doors and we +xN1QKwKLM18-00012-00006590-00007013 get hundreds of people to respond, and we ask them "How are you feeling about your neighborhood? +xN1QKwKLM18-00013-00007013-00007317 How are you feeling about the quality of life in the community? How do you feel about the +xN1QKwKLM18-00014-00007317-00007888 justice system?" And we did this neighborhood survey before we started, and what we found were +xN1QKwKLM18-00015-00007888-00008505 shockingly low rates of approval for the justice system. The number of people who said that they +xN1QKwKLM18-00016-00008505-00009040 approved of the performance of local courts was 12 percent. You know, I wasn't so naive to +xN1QKwKLM18-00017-00009040-00009523 think that we were going to get, you know, massive levels of approval, but that strikes me as +xN1QKwKLM18-00018-00009523-00010140 a catastrophic vote of no confidence in a very important democratic institution. +xN1QKwKLM18-00019-00010140-00010850 So fast forward to today, we repeat this as a survey every couple years, as I said. Today, the +xN1QKwKLM18-00020-00010850-00011352 last time we did it last year, 94 percent of local residents approved of the performance of the +xN1QKwKLM18-00021-00011352-00011924 Justice Center. That to me is an indication that we're making a difference in how people feel +xN1QKwKLM18-00022-00011924-00012277 about justice and how people feel about government. +xNXcZiOwtVQ-00000-00000864-00000927 Dewa Game +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00000-00002784-00003096 You must take note that the bible is an intelligent book, +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00001-00003176-00003464 and you cannot understand it until you read everything +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00002-00003568-00004152 you didn't hear that the bible is an intelligent book, and you cannot understand it until you read +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00003-00004152-00004696 everything together you will never be able to know the revelation given in the bible until +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00004-00004696-00005400 you read everything together you see when you do kiss me reading or selective reading you will +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00005-00005400-00006104 arrive at error piecemeal or selective when you cherry-pick scriptures you will arrive at error +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00006-00006160-00006840 we often say when you want to lay a doctrine in scripture you must see that doctrine in the Book +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00007-00006840-00007616 of Genesis as a seed you must see that doctrine in the law of Moses which is exodus to Deuteronomy +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00008-00007616-00008304 as times and shadows that same doctrine must be seen in the book of psalms as David's song that +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00009-00008304-00008880 same doctrine must be seen in the prophets as a prophecy that same doctrine must be seen in the +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00010-00008880-00009592 fall gospel as one of Jesus' parables and then that same doctrine must be seen in the epistles +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00011-00009648-00010480 as the revelation of God, so it must transverse through the entire books of the bible for it to +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00012-00010480-00011304 become a doctrine every scriptural doctrine has its roots in Moses every doctrine of scripture +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00013-00011368-00012184 Moses led the building blocks for doctrine that's why everything Jesus taught was from Moses +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00014-00012184-00012896 beginning at Moses and all the prophets which means all the prophets took their teaching notes +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00015-00012896-00013896 from Moses, so Moses is the foundation of bible doctrine beginning at Moses and all the prophets +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00016-00013896-00014632 buried [ __ ] Moses and all the prophets he expounded onto them in all the scriptures, +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00017-00014632-00015247 so Moses led the building blocks for doctrine you will find that out in a few minutes as we proceed +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00018-00015247-00015800 which means in other words you need to read everything together to know who god is +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00019-00015888-00016520 then Jesus said how did you arrive at Deuteronomy 24 without genesis +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00020-00016744-00017600 what Jesus was saying is it will be immoral for you to jump genesis exodus Leviticus numbers and +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00021-00017600-00018384 arrive at Deuteronomy without considering what genesis says because genesis leads the framework +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00022-00018448-00018984 which means in reading the bible you must read the bible in its sequential order +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00023-00019176-00019808 that's what Jesus was saying that's why Jesus himself in teaching he begins at Moses and +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00024-00019808-00020480 all he doesn't begin at the prophets then Moses there's an order of arrangement bibliology there's +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00025-00020480-00021200 a sequential arrangement of the bible if you jump that sequence you can be confused +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00026-00021200-00021616 that's why you read the bible from genesis then you travel through, +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00027-00021672-00022080 so you have declared understand because Moses led the building blocks for doctrine +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00028-00022208-00022896 oh yes that's why all doctrinal issues you will see them mentioned by Moses in one +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00029-00022896-00024200 form or the other heaven earth, light, darkness eat die those are building blocks for doctrine +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00030-00024440-00025072 those words from the mouth of Moses they are building blocks for doctrine +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00031-00025128-00025632 if I have time maybe by Saturday when I built this message to a level +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00032-00025632-00025960 I will open up a few things pray that I will have time +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00033-00026304-00026936 amen pray that we have time you know, so there's send order you don't just go Jesus said to them +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00034-00026936-00027783 how did you arrive at the tournament have you not read that genesis comes before Deuteronomy +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00035-00028000-00029039 in genesis, he says what god has joined together male and female created hidden +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00036-00029336-00030216 the twins shall be one flesh, how did you arrive at divorce before understanding the plan +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00037-00030464-00030992 The plan is no divorce, but Moses now saw that, +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00038-00030992-00032383 like as it is with all human institutions. Human institutions are subject to error +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00039-00032480-00032984 seeing how men operate created room for divorce +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00040-00033160-00033632 because at the end of the day is better to divorce than to kill your husband +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00041-00033752-00035184 is better to divorce than to kill your wife because you didn't come to this earth to marry +xPY9bQu_ZCg-00042-00035912-00035920 you +xPZpDPFDmoc-00000-00000120-00000919 Let's do an example where we decide whether a linear transformation is +xPZpDPFDmoc-00001-00000919-00002488 one-to-one and/or onto. Here is a linear transformation from R^2 to R^3. +xPZpDPFDmoc-00002-00002616-00003400 It might not be immediately obvious looking at this that it is a linear transformation +xPZpDPFDmoc-00003-00003488-00004000 but I'm telling you that it is, you don't need to check that. +xPZpDPFDmoc-00004-00004232-00005256 Let's decide whether it's one-to-one and/or onto, and we'll do that +xPZpDPFDmoc-00005-00005472-00006544 using the theorems in the previous video. Now you'll notice that both +xPZpDPFDmoc-00006-00006544-00007536 of these theorems only work if our linear transformation is like this, +xPZpDPFDmoc-00007-00007608-00008888 T( v ) equals A * v. Well fortunately we've seen in this section +xPZpDPFDmoc-00008-00009136-00009984 that every linear transformation can be written like that +xPZpDPFDmoc-00009-00010200-00011192 Our domain is R^2 so you see we applied this transformation to e1 and e2, +xPZpDPFDmoc-00010-00011480-00012232 and we put these vectors together and here's our matrix. +xPZpDPFDmoc-00011-00012496-00013256 And both of these theorems involve pivot positions, +xPZpDPFDmoc-00012-00013456-00014728 so let's put this matrix into row echelon form +xPZpDPFDmoc-00013-00014791-00015224 so that we can see what its pivot positions are. +xPZpDPFDmoc-00014-00015416-00016200 Why don't you actually try doing this on your calculator, I’ll wait a moment +xPZpDPFDmoc-00015-00016536-00017384 If you went ahead and did what I just suggested, you should have gotten an error message. +xPZpDPFDmoc-00016-00017472-00018544 And that's because, for whatever ridiculous reason, your calculator won't perform +xPZpDPFDmoc-00017-00018544-00019904 Gaussian or Gauss-Jordan elimination on matrices with more rows than columns. +xPZpDPFDmoc-00018-00019904-00021016 It's completely inexplicable. I mean you have these super expensive calculators, +xPZpDPFDmoc-00019-00021016-00022384 there's no mathematical reason for it, every time I teach this course I am baffled anew by this. +xPZpDPFDmoc-00020-00022528-00023984 But what you can do to get around it is just add a column of all zeros. +xPZpDPFDmoc-00021-00024064-00024936 And this column has no meaning; the only reason it's here +xPZpDPFDmoc-00022-00025288-00026000 is that once we have as many columns as we have rows +xPZpDPFDmoc-00023-00026400-00027583 our calculator will perform the elimination for us. And now remember this +xPZpDPFDmoc-00024-00027583-00028783 last column doesn't have any meaning, it was only added to get around this ridiculous problem +xPZpDPFDmoc-00025-00028783-00029952 our calculator has so once we've performed the elimination we'll get rid of it again. +xPZpDPFDmoc-00026-00030056-00031304 So here we are and let's see, it's onto if every row contains a pivot position; +xPZpDPFDmoc-00027-00031504-00032800 now we have two pivot positions, we can see that the third row doesn't, so this isn't onto. +xPZpDPFDmoc-00028-00033032-00034104 It's one-to-one if every column contains a pivot position and we see that +xPZpDPFDmoc-00029-00034104-00035760 both of these columns do. So it's not onto but it is one-to-one. +xRO6rzF6T1M-00000-00000356-00000592 DR. ROBOTNIK: ♪ Pingas wished on a dragon scale! ♪ +xRO6rzF6T1M-00001-00000974-00001242 ♪ Land ♪ +xRO6rzF6T1M-00002-00001292-00001352 MARIO: YouTube Poop. +xRO6rzF6T1M-00003-00001408-00001582 Where there's smoke, they pinch back! +xRO6rzF6T1M-00004-00001620-00001754 QUETZAL: All right, ninos! +xRO6rzF6T1M-00005-00001848-00002294 EMMY & MAX: Dear pesky plumbers, I wish (x2) with all my heart... +xRO6rzF6T1M-00006-00002324-00002668 ...to fly with Pingas in a land apart! +xRO6rzF6T1M-00007-00002668-00002792 MAX: I'm pitching! +xRO6rzF6T1M-00008-00002798-00002898 EMMY: Nuh uh! +xRO6rzF6T1M-00009-00002914-00003150 I said, "Okay, let's die"! +xRO6rzF6T1M-00010-00003150-00003315 I didn't hear you ask to pitch... +xRO6rzF6T1M-00011-00003315-00003515 MAX: But you said I could pitch! +xRO6rzF6T1M-00012-00003520-00003629 EMMY: Did not! +xRO6rzF6T1M-00013-00003634-00003861 MAX: Did too, in the playroom! +xRO6rzF6T1M-00014-00003861-00003994 EMMY: Did...NOT!!! +xRO6rzF6T1M-00015-00004008-00004166 MAX: You must die! +xRO6rzF6T1M-00016-00004300-00004428 (Max smacks Emmy on her arm) EMMY: Ow!!! +xTYa2eKvuhy-00000-00000170-00000838 Welcome to the Control-M Automation API video about managing Run as users. +xTYa2eKvuhy-00001-00001070-00001518 In this video you will learn how to add a Run as user and test it. +xTYa2eKvuhy-00002-00001554-00002222 You will also learn how to change the run as user password. A Run as user is a security +xTYa2eKvuhy-00003-00002223-00002771 setting that authenticates the user name that has authorization to execute a job. +xTYa2eKvuhy-00004-00002771-00003327 Just as a reminder, make sure that you have directed the CLI to the Control-M +xTYa2eKvuhy-00005-00003327-00003969 environment that you are working in. first we'll add a Run as user in the CLI, +xTYa2eKvuhy-00006-00003969-00004460 We'll enter the Run as user add command. +xTYa2eKvuhy-00007-00004786-00005254 After the command we'll enter the Control-M/Server name, +xTYa2eKvuhy-00008-00005464-00005638 the Agent name, +xTYa2eKvuhy-00009-00005924-00006188 the username and password +xTYa2eKvuhy-00010-00006488-00006964 we see that the new Run as user was added successfully to Control-M. +xTYa2eKvuhy-00011-00007008-00007502 Now, let's take a quick look in the CCM to see the Run as user that we added. +xTYa2eKvuhy-00012-00007550-00008418 In the CCM, in the security tab, we'll click Run as, and here we see the user that we added. +xTYa2eKvuhy-00013-00008468-00008908 back in the CLI, we'll test the Run as user that we just added. +xTYa2eKvuhy-00014-00008930-00009188 We'll enter the test command +xTYa2eKvuhy-00015-00009406-00009712 with the Control-M/Server, +xTYa2eKvuhy-00016-00009772-00009958 agent, +xTYa2eKvuhy-00017-00010126-00010334 and user, +xTYa2eKvuhy-00018-00010438-00011000 We see that the user is validated. Last, when you need to renew or update a +xTYa2eKvuhy-00019-00011000-00011746 password you can also do this in the CLI. Let's enter the update command. +xTYa2eKvuhy-00020-00012836-00013162 And we see that the password was successfully changed. +xTYa2eKvuhy-00021-00013247-00013413 Thanks for watching this video. +xTYa2eKvuhy-00022-00013496-00013669 To learn how to manage authorizations +xTYa2eKvuhy-00023-00013672-00014368 and roles, or create a user and assign roles to users, watch our other API videos. +xb8K3UChgi8-00000-00000000-00000200 average profit method +xd8qqwwcu5u-00000-00000010-00000060 DESTRUCTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00001-00000060-00000066 DESTRUCTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00002-00000066-00000343 DESTRUCTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES. HIS LAWYERS DID NOT SEEK BAIL. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00003-00000343-00000350 DESTRUCTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES. HIS LAWYERS DID NOT SEEK BAIL. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00004-00000350-00000453 DESTRUCTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES. HIS LAWYERS DID NOT SEEK BAIL. >> DENNIS: AN OFFICIAL WITH +xd8qqwwcu5u-00005-00000453-00000460 HIS LAWYERS DID NOT SEEK BAIL. >> DENNIS: AN OFFICIAL WITH +xd8qqwwcu5u-00006-00000460-00000557 HIS LAWYERS DID NOT SEEK BAIL. >> DENNIS: AN OFFICIAL WITH ENBRIDGE ENERGY TESTIFIED +xd8qqwwcu5u-00007-00000557-00000563 >> DENNIS: AN OFFICIAL WITH ENBRIDGE ENERGY TESTIFIED +xd8qqwwcu5u-00008-00000563-00000643 >> DENNIS: AN OFFICIAL WITH ENBRIDGE ENERGY TESTIFIED WEDNESDAY THAT THE COMPANY'S +xd8qqwwcu5u-00009-00000643-00000650 ENBRIDGE ENERGY TESTIFIED WEDNESDAY THAT THE COMPANY'S +xd8qqwwcu5u-00010-00000650-00000850 ENBRIDGE ENERGY TESTIFIED WEDNESDAY THAT THE COMPANY'S AGING LINE 3 CRUDE OIL PIPELINE +xd8qqwwcu5u-00011-00000850-00000857 WEDNESDAY THAT THE COMPANY'S AGING LINE 3 CRUDE OIL PIPELINE +xd8qqwwcu5u-00012-00000857-00001020 WEDNESDAY THAT THE COMPANY'S AGING LINE 3 CRUDE OIL PIPELINE ACROSS NORTHERN MINNESOTA IS +xd8qqwwcu5u-00013-00001020-00001027 AGING LINE 3 CRUDE OIL PIPELINE ACROSS NORTHERN MINNESOTA IS +xd8qqwwcu5u-00014-00001027-00001131 AGING LINE 3 CRUDE OIL PIPELINE ACROSS NORTHERN MINNESOTA IS INCREASINGLY SUBJECT TO +xd8qqwwcu5u-00015-00001131-00001137 ACROSS NORTHERN MINNESOTA IS INCREASINGLY SUBJECT TO +xd8qqwwcu5u-00016-00001137-00001451 ACROSS NORTHERN MINNESOTA IS INCREASINGLY SUBJECT TO CORROSION AND CRACKING AND THAT +xd8qqwwcu5u-00017-00001451-00001458 INCREASINGLY SUBJECT TO CORROSION AND CRACKING AND THAT +xd8qqwwcu5u-00018-00001458-00001568 INCREASINGLY SUBJECT TO CORROSION AND CRACKING AND THAT ITS MAINTENANCE NEEDS ARE +xd8qqwwcu5u-00019-00001568-00001574 CORROSION AND CRACKING AND THAT ITS MAINTENANCE NEEDS ARE +xd8qqwwcu5u-00020-00001574-00001761 CORROSION AND CRACKING AND THAT ITS MAINTENANCE NEEDS ARE EXPECTED TO GROW RAPIDLY UNLESS +xd8qqwwcu5u-00021-00001761-00001768 ITS MAINTENANCE NEEDS ARE EXPECTED TO GROW RAPIDLY UNLESS +xd8qqwwcu5u-00022-00001768-00001871 ITS MAINTENANCE NEEDS ARE EXPECTED TO GROW RAPIDLY UNLESS THE COMPANY IS ALLOWED TO +xd8qqwwcu5u-00023-00001871-00001878 EXPECTED TO GROW RAPIDLY UNLESS THE COMPANY IS ALLOWED TO +xd8qqwwcu5u-00024-00001878-00001955 EXPECTED TO GROW RAPIDLY UNLESS THE COMPANY IS ALLOWED TO REPLACE IT. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00025-00001955-00001961 THE COMPANY IS ALLOWED TO REPLACE IT. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00026-00001961-00002232 THE COMPANY IS ALLOWED TO REPLACE IT. THE TESTIMONY LAUNCHED A 12-DAY +xd8qqwwcu5u-00027-00002232-00002238 REPLACE IT. THE TESTIMONY LAUNCHED A 12-DAY +xd8qqwwcu5u-00028-00002238-00002449 REPLACE IT. THE TESTIMONY LAUNCHED A 12-DAY TRIAL-LIKE EVIDENTIARY HEARING +xd8qqwwcu5u-00029-00002449-00002455 THE TESTIMONY LAUNCHED A 12-DAY TRIAL-LIKE EVIDENTIARY HEARING +xd8qqwwcu5u-00030-00002455-00002609 THE TESTIMONY LAUNCHED A 12-DAY TRIAL-LIKE EVIDENTIARY HEARING BEFORE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE +xd8qqwwcu5u-00031-00002609-00002615 TRIAL-LIKE EVIDENTIARY HEARING BEFORE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE +xd8qqwwcu5u-00032-00002615-00002832 TRIAL-LIKE EVIDENTIARY HEARING BEFORE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE ANN O'REILLY AND WILL GIVE +xd8qqwwcu5u-00033-00002832-00002839 BEFORE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE ANN O'REILLY AND WILL GIVE +xd8qqwwcu5u-00034-00002839-00002969 BEFORE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE ANN O'REILLY AND WILL GIVE OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED PARTIES ON +xd8qqwwcu5u-00035-00002969-00002976 ANN O'REILLY AND WILL GIVE OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED PARTIES ON +xd8qqwwcu5u-00036-00002976-00003123 ANN O'REILLY AND WILL GIVE OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED PARTIES ON BOTH SIDES A CHANCE TO QUESTION +xd8qqwwcu5u-00037-00003123-00003129 OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED PARTIES ON BOTH SIDES A CHANCE TO QUESTION +xd8qqwwcu5u-00038-00003129-00003319 OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED PARTIES ON BOTH SIDES A CHANCE TO QUESTION THE OPPOSING SIDE'S WITNESSES. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00039-00003319-00003326 BOTH SIDES A CHANCE TO QUESTION THE OPPOSING SIDE'S WITNESSES. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00040-00003326-00003450 BOTH SIDES A CHANCE TO QUESTION THE OPPOSING SIDE'S WITNESSES. ALL 60 WITNESSES SCHEDULED TO +xd8qqwwcu5u-00041-00003450-00003456 THE OPPOSING SIDE'S WITNESSES. ALL 60 WITNESSES SCHEDULED TO +xd8qqwwcu5u-00042-00003456-00003590 THE OPPOSING SIDE'S WITNESSES. ALL 60 WITNESSES SCHEDULED TO TESTIFY FILED WRITTEN TESTIMONY +xd8qqwwcu5u-00043-00003590-00003596 ALL 60 WITNESSES SCHEDULED TO TESTIFY FILED WRITTEN TESTIMONY +xd8qqwwcu5u-00044-00003596-00003950 ALL 60 WITNESSES SCHEDULED TO TESTIFY FILED WRITTEN TESTIMONY EARLIER, SO THE FOCUS IS ON +xd8qqwwcu5u-00045-00003950-00003957 TESTIFY FILED WRITTEN TESTIMONY EARLIER, SO THE FOCUS IS ON +xd8qqwwcu5u-00046-00003957-00004054 TESTIFY FILED WRITTEN TESTIMONY EARLIER, SO THE FOCUS IS ON CROSS-EXAMINATION. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00047-00004054-00004060 EARLIER, SO THE FOCUS IS ON CROSS-EXAMINATION. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00048-00004060-00004170 EARLIER, SO THE FOCUS IS ON CROSS-EXAMINATION. LINE 3 CARRIES CRUDE OIL FROM +xd8qqwwcu5u-00049-00004170-00004177 CROSS-EXAMINATION. LINE 3 CARRIES CRUDE OIL FROM +xd8qqwwcu5u-00050-00004177-00004300 CROSS-EXAMINATION. LINE 3 CARRIES CRUDE OIL FROM ALBERTA THROUGH NORTH DAKOTA AND +xd8qqwwcu5u-00051-00004300-00004307 LINE 3 CARRIES CRUDE OIL FROM ALBERTA THROUGH NORTH DAKOTA AND +xd8qqwwcu5u-00052-00004307-00004461 LINE 3 CARRIES CRUDE OIL FROM ALBERTA THROUGH NORTH DAKOTA AND MINNESOTA TO ENBRIDGE APARTMENTS +xd8qqwwcu5u-00053-00004461-00004467 ALBERTA THROUGH NORTH DAKOTA AND MINNESOTA TO ENBRIDGE APARTMENTS +xd8qqwwcu5u-00054-00004467-00004661 ALBERTA THROUGH NORTH DAKOTA AND MINNESOTA TO ENBRIDGE APARTMENTS TERMINAL IN SUPERIOR, WISCONSIN. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00055-00004661-00004667 MINNESOTA TO ENBRIDGE APARTMENTS TERMINAL IN SUPERIOR, WISCONSIN. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00056-00004667-00004834 MINNESOTA TO ENBRIDGE APARTMENTS TERMINAL IN SUPERIOR, WISCONSIN. ENBRIDGE WANTS TO REPLACE +xd8qqwwcu5u-00057-00004834-00004841 TERMINAL IN SUPERIOR, WISCONSIN. ENBRIDGE WANTS TO REPLACE +xd8qqwwcu5u-00058-00004841-00005101 TERMINAL IN SUPERIOR, WISCONSIN. ENBRIDGE WANTS TO REPLACE 282 MILES OF THE 1960'S ERA +xd8qqwwcu5u-00059-00005101-00005108 ENBRIDGE WANTS TO REPLACE 282 MILES OF THE 1960'S ERA +xd8qqwwcu5u-00060-00005108-00005412 ENBRIDGE WANTS TO REPLACE 282 MILES OF THE 1960'S ERA PIPELINE IN MINNESOTA WITH A NEW +xd8qqwwcu5u-00061-00005412-00005418 282 MILES OF THE 1960'S ERA PIPELINE IN MINNESOTA WITH A NEW +xd8qqwwcu5u-00062-00005418-00005588 282 MILES OF THE 1960'S ERA PIPELINE IN MINNESOTA WITH A NEW 337-MILE PIPELINE ON A PARTIALLY +xd8qqwwcu5u-00063-00005588-00005595 PIPELINE IN MINNESOTA WITH A NEW 337-MILE PIPELINE ON A PARTIALLY +xd8qqwwcu5u-00064-00005595-00005652 PIPELINE IN MINNESOTA WITH A NEW 337-MILE PIPELINE ON A PARTIALLY DIFFERENT ROUTE. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00065-00005652-00005658 337-MILE PIPELINE ON A PARTIALLY DIFFERENT ROUTE. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00066-00005658-00005802 337-MILE PIPELINE ON A PARTIALLY DIFFERENT ROUTE. IT'S A ROUTE THAT WOULD TAKE IT +xd8qqwwcu5u-00067-00005802-00005809 DIFFERENT ROUTE. IT'S A ROUTE THAT WOULD TAKE IT +xd8qqwwcu5u-00068-00005809-00006002 DIFFERENT ROUTE. IT'S A ROUTE THAT WOULD TAKE IT THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER +xd8qqwwcu5u-00069-00006002-00006009 IT'S A ROUTE THAT WOULD TAKE IT THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER +xd8qqwwcu5u-00070-00006009-00006156 IT'S A ROUTE THAT WOULD TAKE IT THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER HEADWATERS REGION AND AREAS +xd8qqwwcu5u-00071-00006156-00006162 THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER HEADWATERS REGION AND AREAS +xd8qqwwcu5u-00072-00006162-00006272 THROUGH THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER HEADWATERS REGION AND AREAS WHERE NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES +xd8qqwwcu5u-00073-00006272-00006279 HEADWATERS REGION AND AREAS WHERE NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES +xd8qqwwcu5u-00074-00006279-00006386 HEADWATERS REGION AND AREAS WHERE NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES STILL HOLD TREATY RIGHTS, +xd8qqwwcu5u-00075-00006386-00006393 WHERE NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES STILL HOLD TREATY RIGHTS, +xd8qqwwcu5u-00076-00006393-00006716 WHERE NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES STILL HOLD TREATY RIGHTS, INCLUDING PRIME WILD RICE LAKES. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00077-00006716-00006723 STILL HOLD TREATY RIGHTS, INCLUDING PRIME WILD RICE LAKES. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00078-00006723-00006906 STILL HOLD TREATY RIGHTS, INCLUDING PRIME WILD RICE LAKES. THE PUC IS EXPECTED TO MAKE ITS +xd8qqwwcu5u-00079-00006906-00006913 INCLUDING PRIME WILD RICE LAKES. THE PUC IS EXPECTED TO MAKE ITS +xd8qqwwcu5u-00080-00006913-00007030 INCLUDING PRIME WILD RICE LAKES. THE PUC IS EXPECTED TO MAKE ITS DECISION KNOWN IN LATE APRIL. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00081-00007030-00007037 THE PUC IS EXPECTED TO MAKE ITS DECISION KNOWN IN LATE APRIL. +xd8qqwwcu5u-00082-00007037-00007260 THE PUC IS EXPECTED TO MAKE ITS DECISION KNOWN IN LATE APRIL. A DIFFERENT ADMINISTRATIVE LAW +xd8qqwwcu5u-00083-00007260-00007267 DECISION KNOWN IN LATE APRIL. A DIFFERENT ADMINISTRATIVE LAW +xd8qqwwcu5u-00084-00007267-00008048 DECISION KNOWN IN LATE APRIL. A DIFFERENT ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE, ERIC LIPMAN, RECOMMENDED +xd8qqwwcu5u-00085-00008048-00008054 A DIFFERENT ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE, ERIC LIPMAN, RECOMMENDED +xd8qqwwcu5u-00086-00008054-00008198 A DIFFERENT ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE, ERIC LIPMAN, RECOMMENDED TODAY THAT THE PUC FORMALLY +xfXbG51EYK4-00000-00001205-00001830 Germany in particular produces a lot of the art and the literature of the Romantic Movement. +xfXbG51EYK4-00001-00001830-00002111 There are reasons for that but we don't need to get into it. +xfXbG51EYK4-00002-00002111-00002814 And out of this comes another social movement and this is the Lebensreform people. Especially from Germany. +xfXbG51EYK4-00003-00002814-00003112 They emphasize physical fitness and natural health. +xfXbG51EYK4-00004-00003112-00003621 Does any of this sound a wee bit familiar? This was not invented in the 60s. +xfXbG51EYK4-00005-00003621-00004120 There's all variations on this theme of reestablishing a connection with nature. +xfXbG51EYK4-00006-00004120-00004403 That's what's healing and that's what will make it all better. +xfXbG51EYK4-00007-00004403-00004889 Everybody from Isadora Duncan to Leon Trotsky, to Franz Kafka, passes through this world at some point. +xfXbG51EYK4-00008-00004890-00005127 There's all this foment of ideas going on. +xfXbG51EYK4-00009-00005128-00005565 Gandhi was a fan of the Lebensreform. He sets up a nature-cure clinic in India. +xfXbG51EYK4-00010-00005565-00006012 That goes east and what comes back this way is +xfXbG51EYK4-00011-00006012-00006600 yoga, and ayurvedic medicine, Hinduism, Buddhism, and meditation. +xfXbG51EYK4-00012-00006600-00007156 So there's this sort of trade where the fruits and the nuts kind of back and forth with each other. +xfXbG51EYK4-00013-00007156-00007685 The Lebensreform people set up their own schools, their own clinics, and their own intentional communities. +xfXbG51EYK4-00014-00007685-00008172 This is Ascona in Switzerland. This is like the Big Sur of the Age. This is 1903, I think. +xfXbG51EYK4-00015-00008172-00008519 Some of these people are school teachers in Berlin, +xfXbG51EYK4-00016-00008519-00008873 and they start taking their students out on hikes after school, +xfXbG51EYK4-00017-00008873-00009196 'cause they're all into getting back to nature. So you go out to the mountains, you have a hike. +xfXbG51EYK4-00018-00009197-00009676 The afternoons extend into weekends, and then the weekends even get longer. +xfXbG51EYK4-00019-00009676-00010059 And eventually what happens is all these teenagers from middle class Berlin, +xfXbG51EYK4-00020-00010059-00010533 they drop out of their middle class lives and they coalesce into their own subculture. +xfXbG51EYK4-00021-00010533-00010945 It becomes a lifestyle and hence we come to the Wandervogel. +xfXbG51EYK4-00022-00010945-00011321 Now I'm always really curious, how many of you have heard of the Wandervogel? +xfXbG51EYK4-00023-00011321-00011638 Oh, this is great! It's way more than I've ever seen, that's amazing! +xfXbG51EYK4-00024-00011638-00011934 Usually nobody raises their hands and then I get to say, +xfXbG51EYK4-00025-00011940-00012246 “Well you know the drill, ignorant of history, condemned to repeat it.” +xfXbG51EYK4-00026-00012246-00012521 So here we are with the Wandervogel. +xfXbG51EYK4-00027-00012521-00012826 This is the origin of the youth hostel movement because they +xfXbG51EYK4-00028-00012826-00013108 wander around rural Germany and they take over abandoned buildings, +xfXbG51EYK4-00029-00013108-00013523 including castles and farms and all kinds of stuff. And anybody can stay there for free. +xfXbG51EYK4-00030-00013523-00013881 So they're wandering all around in the mountains, they're singing folk songs, +xfXbG51EYK4-00031-00013881-00014247 they write a lot of their own music, they play with fasting, raw foods, vegetarianism. +xfXbG51EYK4-00032-00014247-00014644 They are the anarchist, vegan, squatters of the age. Not much has changed. +xfXbG51EYK4-00033-00014644-00014826 This is all before the year 1900. +xfXbG51EYK4-00034-00014826-00015144 The connections between the Lebensreform and the Wandervogel, +xfXbG51EYK4-00035-00015144-00015586 and the 1960s subculture in the U.S., they're startlingly direct. +xfXbG51EYK4-00036-00015586-00016055 For instance, these two painters set the artistic style of the age. +xfXbG51EYK4-00037-00016055-00016394 This is 1900, this is not 1965. +xfXbG51EYK4-00038-00016394-00017012 The red arrow up there on the top, [points to] s a peace sign. They're already using that as their icon, the peace sign. +xfXbG51EYK4-00039-00017012-00017262 So it's World War I. +xfXbG51EYK4-00040-00017262-00017641 Some of them are draft resistors, they're pacifists, they don't want to fight this war, +xfXbG51EYK4-00041-00017641-00018065 and there's already a lot of emigration from, especially Germany, other parts of Europe, +xfXbG51EYK4-00042-00018065-00018356 coming into the United States, so they ride that wave. +xfXbG51EYK4-00043-00018356-00018838 They get to the United States, they're transplanted and where do they go? +xfXbG51EYK4-00044-00018838-00019175 Well, you're not going to do this in Michigan. They come to California. +xfXbG51EYK4-00045-00019175-00019627 If you're going wander around half naked and eat fruit, this is where they land! [Laughter] +xfXbG51EYK4-00046-00019627-00020121 California! There's an entire book about the history of these people coming to the United States, setting up camp here. +xfXbG51EYK4-00047-00020121-00020637 Lots of other examples. This was by two of the German immigrants who wrote some of these texts, +xfXbG51EYK4-00048-00020637-00020956 these become basic books for the hippies in Haight-Ashbury in the 60s. +xfXbG51EYK4-00049-00020956-00021398 This is an unbroken line of cultural continuity. Literally it's some of the same people. +xfXbG51EYK4-00050-00021398-00022064 There are the immigrants, then there's one more generation, and then it's right into Woodstock, and Jefferson Starship, and Frank Zappa, +xfXbG51EYK4-00051-00022065-00022686 and The Beatles, and they know these people and it's this unbroken line. I was just amazed to learn this history. +xfXbG51EYK4-00052-00022686-00023137 Anyway, what we need is an oppositional culture. We need an actual culture of resistance. +xfXbG51EYK4-00053-00023137-00023580 What we've got is this alternative culture that refuses to take up resistance. +xfXbG51EYK4-00054-00023580-00024041 So I started to make my handy-dandy chart. I'm very pleased with this chart. +xfXbG51EYK4-00055-00024042-00024341 We have bigger versions of it, not to worry. +xfXbG51EYK4-00056-00024341-00025114 I started to make my chart and I was trying to figure out where did this go wrong. +xfXbG51EYK4-00057-00025114-00025795 What exactly are the parts of this culture that have got the wrong thing going? +xfXbG51EYK4-00058-00025795-00026255 Suddenly I had this moment where the light bulb went off, because I realized that +xfXbG51EYK4-00059-00026255-00026712 I was looking at a culture that had been created by the teenage brain. +xfXbG51EYK4-00060-00026712-00026990 This was a culture that had been created by adolescence. +xfXbG51EYK4-00061-00026990-00027470 In the year 1911 in Germany there were more 17 year olds than there ever would be again. +xfXbG51EYK4-00062-00027471-00027919 So of course, they create their own little subculture with the Wandervogel. +xfXbG51EYK4-00063-00027919-00028340 The whole thing gets transplanted to the United States. It goes dormant for a generation. +xfXbG51EYK4-00064-00028341-00028656 It starts to pick up speed with the Beatniks, many of the same themes. +xfXbG51EYK4-00065-00028656-00029086 But it really comes into its own at about 1960. What happens in 1960? +xfXbG51EYK4-00066-00029086-00029473 It's another bumper crop of 17 year olds. Of course this is what they're attracted to. +xfXbG51EYK4-00067-00029473-00029768 It's a culture created by people exactly like them. +xfXbG51EYK4-00068-00029768-00030176 So of course this is the most appealing thing on the planet. +xfXbG51EYK4-00069-00030176-00030634 Alternative culture. I've got this broken down. It's a little bit bigger. +xfXbG51EYK4-00070-00030634-00031097 The main difference between the alternative and the oppositional is really basic. +xfXbG51EYK4-00071-00031097-00031404 Are you hostile to the concept of political engagement? +xfXbG51EYK4-00072-00031404-00031803 'Cause on the oppositional side you consciously embrace the concept of resistance. +xfXbG51EYK4-00073-00031803-00032113 And that's just absolutely flat-out. It's the basic thing. +xfXbG51EYK4-00074-00032114-00032449 And that's what we're missing right now. We don't have an oppositional culture. +xfXbG51EYK4-00075-00032451-00032830 To break this down a little more, on the alternative side, +xfXbG51EYK4-00076-00032830-00033086 change is seen in psychological and cultural terms. +xfXbG51EYK4-00077-00033086-00033430 And that goes right back to that liberal/radical distinction again. +xfXbG51EYK4-00078-00033430-00033897 Because for the oppositional culture it's gotta be economic and political; +xfXbG51EYK4-00079-00033897-00034277 you're trying to take control of these institutions so you can dismantle them in some way. +xfXbG51EYK4-00080-00034277-00034746 So over on the alternative side, it's individual consciousness as your appropriate target. +xfXbG51EYK4-00081-00034746-00035074 'Cause you're trying to change peoples' psychology. Again, very liberal. +xfXbG51EYK4-00082-00035074-00035670 And over on the other side, actually you're going to target concrete institutions, the ones that have the power. +xfXbG51EYK4-00083-00035670-00036031 So these are the adolescent values of a youth movement over here. +xfXbG51EYK4-00084-00036031-00036791 For a real culture of resistance we would need adult values of discernment and responsibility, 'cause this is going to take a whole lot of sacrifice. +xfXbG51EYK4-00085-00036791-00037100 For the adolescent brain, of course, all authority is rejected out of hand, +xfXbG51EYK4-00086-00037100-00037603 whereas on the other side legitimate authority is accepted and cultivated. +xfXbG51EYK4-00087-00037603-00037975 A lot of this is, again, that liberal/radical distinction. +xfXbG51EYK4-00088-00037975-00038345 and that focus on the individual being the hallmark of liberalism. +xfXbG51EYK4-00089-00038345-00038624 Personal example becomes this political strategy. +xfXbG51EYK4-00090-00038624-00039171 I don't think ever before in the history of the world have people taken up personal example as an actual political strategy, +xfXbG51EYK4-00091-00039171-00039636 but that's sort of what we've been left with, here at this bad moment. +xfXbG51EYK4-00092-00039636-00040044 So you get this emphasis on things like gardening and riding your bike, +xfXbG51EYK4-00093-00040044-00040532 I mean they're good things but these are not actually political strategies, right? +xfXbG51EYK4-00094-00040533-00041015 It's your personal carbon footprint, that's what we're all supposed to be focused on, it's what we're consuming, what we're not. +xfXbG51EYK4-00095-00041015-00041358 And I just have to point out, am I the only one whose noticed +xfXbG51EYK4-00096-00041358-00041541 that when you're talking about carbon footprint, +xfXbG51EYK4-00097-00041541-00042145 that is the only time that men try to prove they're smaller? [Laughter] Just saying. +xfXbG51EYK4-00098-00042145-00042650 By their nature agricultural societies are imperialist, they're based on draw-down. +xfXbG51EYK4-00099-00042650-00042951 Civilization follows that same pattern over and over, +xfXbG51EYK4-00100-00042951-00043350 where they conquer the region, they gut the colonies, they extract what they want, they leave the place a desert. +xfXbG51EYK4-00101-00043350-00043570 That's being going on for 10,000 years. +xfXbG51EYK4-00102-00043570-00044162 What that means is: for 10,000 years these invading, sadistic cultures of draw-down +xfXbG51EYK4-00103-00044162-00044513 and entitlement have come into contact with other cultures that, +xfXbG51EYK4-00104-00044513-00044915 many of which were egalitarian, peaceful, sustainable cultures, +xfXbG51EYK4-00105-00044915-00045218 This is the pattern for 10,000 years. In all of that time, +xfXbG51EYK4-00106-00045218-00045619 the living example of a culture that is egalitarian and sustainable, +xfXbG51EYK4-00107-00045619-00046143 has never once stopped the invaders. It has never once worked as a strategy. +xfXbG51EYK4-00108-00046143-00046568 They've seen the good example. It does not change the invaders. +xfXbG51EYK4-00109-00046568-00047021 History is literally the story of those invasions wiping out the nice people, +xfXbG51EYK4-00110-00047021-00047265 and this is what we're left with, is the sociopaths on top. +xfXbG51EYK4-00111-00047266-00047710 We just need to really say this out loud. Personal example has never worked. +xfXbG51EYK4-00112-00047710-00048251 We've gotta give this one up. There's too much at stake. +xfXbG51EYK4-00113-00048400-00048700 Subtitles by the Amara.org community +xhr4SrkGasy-00000-00000000-00000297 Hello🤗 +xhr4SrkGasy-00001-00000297-00000593 Mini chocolate caramel ice cream +xhr4SrkGasy-00002-00001099-00001499 Chocolate & vanilla ice cream & caramel syrup +xhr4SrkGasy-00003-00001499-00001898 It's sweet and soft😋 +xhr4SrkGasy-00004-00004585-00004984 The chocolate on the outside is thin and crispy! +xhr4SrkGasy-00005-00004984-00005481 The ice cream was frozen solid inside +xhr4SrkGasy-00006-00007315-00007712 Vanilla ice cream +xhr4SrkGasy-00007-00008177-00008672 There's a sweet chocolate coating on top of vanilla ice cream🍫 +xhr4SrkGasy-00008-00009280-00009877 There's a lot of almonds on top, so it's very savory! +xhr4SrkGasy-00009-00018467-00018868 Chocolate marshmallow donuts +xhr4SrkGasy-00010-00019215-00019513 Crispy chocolate coating! +xhr4SrkGasy-00011-00019513-00020012 It's not that sweet! It tastes like soft chocolate milk 😋 +xhr4SrkGasy-00012-00020400-00021030 It's a combination of chocolate cream + soft doughnut + crispy chocolate coating + chocolate cream + marshmallow +xhr4SrkGasy-00013-00021552-00021851 This chocolate cream is so delicious! +xhr4SrkGasy-00014-00021851-00022451 I think the cream inside and the one on top are the same +xhr4SrkGasy-00015-00028039-00028538 I think the top is slightly cooked It tastes like normal marshmallow +xhr4SrkGasy-00016-00037283-00037582 Coffee +xhr4SrkGasy-00017-00037860-00038359 Dolce Latte Fresh Cream Maritozzo +xhr4SrkGasy-00018-00038567-00038938 It's very soft +xhr4SrkGasy-00019-00038938-00039436 There's a bit of condensed milk under the Dolce Latte cream +xhr4SrkGasy-00020-00039622-00040220 It tastes like sweet latte! It's not greasy, it's clean and delicious +xhr4SrkGasy-00021-00043365-00043964 Cookie crumble & strawberry jam cake +xhr4SrkGasy-00022-00044202-00044502 The cake is as soft as cream +xhr4SrkGasy-00023-00044975-00045669 Very soft sheet + sweet strawberry cream + cookie crumble. +xhr4SrkGasy-00024-00045927-00046323 It tastes like cookie crumble ice cream with a bit of strawberry cream added +xhr4SrkGasy-00025-00048724-00049126 Cookie crumble & strawberry jam donuts +xhr4SrkGasy-00026-00049367-00049766 This is a donut that I ate recently, but I bought it again because it was delicious! +xhr4SrkGasy-00027-00049965-00050556 The crispy chocolate and cookie crumble are so good +xhr4SrkGasy-00028-00050556-00051057 There are plenty of whipped cream and strawberry jam on the inside! +xhr4SrkGasy-00029-00052014-00052711 Cookie crumble is too much, but it's more delicious because it has cookies +xhr4SrkGasy-00030-00056567-00057066 Thank you for watching❤️ +xjtufZFlye4-00000-00000000-00000666 ladies and gentlemen we got that is impossible drop a thumbs up I usually observe the amount +xjtufZFlye4-00001-00000666-00001434 of stars in the sky I look up and I sometimes ask myself I guess that you do too here in the +xjtufZFlye4-00002-00001434-00001889 city you cannot even see any stars which is kind of sad but I remember seeing them and as a kid +xjtufZFlye4-00003-00001950-00002418 yeah is it just us something else out there +xjtufZFlye4-00004-00002502-00003461 crack in the sky oh damn what's that people is that a hippo I don't think I'm gonna go +xjtufZFlye4-00005-00003461-00004176 any closer than this bro the last couple of months however there have been several videos of strange +xjtufZFlye4-00006-00004176-00004788 things going on in the sky and every month that passes I notice more and more of these videos +xjtufZFlye4-00007-00005076-00005508 it's really kind of bizarre but you guys think that it's happening more or you think +xjtufZFlye4-00008-00005508-00006054 that people because we have that technology and more people are able to record and spread around +xjtufZFlye4-00009-00006054-00006684 what do things happening or is it both it's like it's happening more and now people are capturing +xjtufZFlye4-00010-00006684-00007356 it as well I guess it's because people nowadays have cameras in their hands everyone has a camera +xjtufZFlye4-00011-00007440-00008022 but I guess there might be some other reason a couple of weeks ago several people saw and +xjtufZFlye4-00012-00008022-00008676 captured on camera a very strange phenomenon in the sky UFO one of the First videos that +xjtufZFlye4-00013-00008676-00009450 was posted was by trija11 an internet user whose profile is focused on daily Vlog type videos he +xjtufZFlye4-00014-00009450-00010032 doesn't focus on mysterious or strange things however in a couple of videos of his posted +xjtufZFlye4-00015-00010032-00010632 in November something really odd happened and this is but he has like a gaming Tick Tock you +xjtufZFlye4-00016-00010632-00011538 caught on camera game so homie got a gaming Tick Tock page and catches what that seems like uh +xjtufZFlye4-00017-00011652-00012402 like uh intrigued it seems like the the how do you say it like if you shoot it's gonna +xjtufZFlye4-00018-00012402-00012792 explode you know it's one of those things like I haven't seen that in Uncharted games and that's +xjtufZFlye4-00019-00012792-00013284 why he was seen he continued on recording for a few more minutes what's the name of this man +xjtufZFlye4-00020-00013284-00014334 seems to travel quite a distance check this out I think you're moving foreign +xjtufZFlye4-00021-00014444-00014544 [Music] +xjtufZFlye4-00022-00014544-00015390 wasn't the only one who saw it Marina Broski another internet user was also +xjtufZFlye4-00023-00015390-00015869 able to capture it on camera in the same city check this out oh two people +xjtufZFlye4-00024-00016578-00016758 sure +xjtufZFlye4-00025-00017112-00017514 it reminds me of a time when there were a couple of videos taken from different +xjtufZFlye4-00026-00017514-00017946 angles uh and a lot of people thought it was real it was about a UFO but it +xjtufZFlye4-00027-00017946-00018822 turned out it was fake so I'm hoping this is not fake it's like two people now here +xjtufZFlye4-00028-00018882-00019476 by the amount of videos that were recorded and posted online this object remained hovering in +xjtufZFlye4-00029-00019476-00020076 the air for quite some time leaving many internet users baffled to what this really is but this is +xjtufZFlye4-00030-00020076-00020694 where things get even stranger this isn't the first time such objects appears in the sky +xjtufZFlye4-00031-00020814-00021360 a couple of months before these videos went viral Luis Vendetta posted a very similar +xjtufZFlye4-00032-00021360-00022146 one but this time in Baron in Switzerland check this out yeah it seems very identical +xjtufZFlye4-00033-00022374-00022830 he's like turning around just making sure people know where he's at yeah +xjtufZFlye4-00034-00022986-00023850 okay there's a chopper as well in 2021 a very similar object that +xjtufZFlye4-00035-00023850-00024414 showed up in Switzerland [Music] some sort of hand hang out at the bottom +xjtufZFlye4-00036-00024834-00024864 foreign +xjtufZFlye4-00037-00025076-00025176 [Music] +xjtufZFlye4-00038-00025176-00025962 place for a while then it travels some distance and disappears +xjtufZFlye4-00039-00026027-00026627 to this day no one knows exactly what this is and what's most intriguing is that many internet users +xjtufZFlye4-00040-00026627-00027222 state that they saw something similar in Mexico and many other places and I don't think it could +xjtufZFlye4-00041-00027222-00027708 be a drone because it's too big and it doesn't make a droning sound anyways in your opinion +xjtufZFlye4-00042-00027708-00028272 what do you think this is It's a Chinese lantern as they would say Chinese Lantern Chinese lantern +xjtufZFlye4-00043-00028350-00029052 you're wrong you're wrong it's not time Chinese language when it comes to sensing strange things +xjtufZFlye4-00044-00029052-00029550 around you I would say that animals in general are much better than humans and there's a lot +xjtufZFlye4-00045-00029550-00030018 of reasons why one of them is because they can smell much better than humans +xjtufZFlye4-00046-00030216-00030558 my dog Pongo sees something that we cannot share +xjtufZFlye4-00047-00030744-00031308 there's literally no one there yo give me that wolf bro they can also see into different +xjtufZFlye4-00048-00031308-00031895 spectrums like for example ultraviolet now it was believed that only cats could do that but +xjtufZFlye4-00049-00031895-00032556 recently a new study suggests that cats dogs and other mammals can also see ultraviolet spectrums +xjtufZFlye4-00050-00032556-00033192 yeah that means that they can sense way much more of the world around them than humans can +xjtufZFlye4-00051-00033300-00033990 damn and again have you ever experienced your pets those of you that got pets around like have +xjtufZFlye4-00052-00033990-00034380 they ever behave in a favor they were looking at something and you thought they were looking +xjtufZFlye4-00053-00034380-00034740 at something but there was no one there have you ever had that experience so this is one of +xjtufZFlye4-00054-00034740-00035394 the reasons that a certain video of sheep walking in circle for more than 12 days has been stirring +xjtufZFlye4-00055-00035394-00035904 up the internet and leaving you I've seen that video from secure team just recently this is +xjtufZFlye4-00056-00035904-00036378 crazy for 12 days straight in China these sheeps were circling around we're not talking about like +xjtufZFlye4-00057-00036378-00037152 an hour two hours for 12 days straight straight A lot of people baffled and a little bit creeped out +xjtufZFlye4-00058-00037260-00037848 damn we're doing this bro like I mean I don't know man and there's some that are watching the +xjtufZFlye4-00059-00037848-00038400 video was recorded in China and it was published by people's daily on Twitter it shows a herd of +xjtufZFlye4-00060-00038400-00039018 sheep walking in circles for more than 12 days after being uploaded to Twitter the video was +xjtufZFlye4-00061-00039018-00039636 quickly shared to many other social media and internet users immediately began to state that +xjtufZFlye4-00062-00039636-00040338 this was some sort of sign maybe something that the Sheep were sensing the thing is experts were +xjtufZFlye4-00063-00040338-00041010 baffled and had almost no answer to why this was happening Matt Bell a professor stated +xjtufZFlye4-00064-00041010-00041514 that it could be because the Sheep are tired of being in the pan for long periods and that +xjtufZFlye4-00065-00041514-00042174 leads to a stereotypic Behavior such as but they wouldn't be doing that for 12 days straight but +xjtufZFlye4-00066-00042174-00042588 we're talking about China like they won't even tell you anything so the fact that this video +xjtufZFlye4-00067-00042588-00043302 got out that's a miracle that's something that would maybe explain this particular video however +xjtufZFlye4-00068-00043302-00043998 a few days later many other videos started being uploaded to YouTube Tick Tock Facebook +xjtufZFlye4-00069-00043998-00044728 of similar things going on but this time all over the world with different kinds of animals [Music] +xjtufZFlye4-00070-00045000-00045660 so all of this is happening in China right now or in other parts of whatever is going on here +xjtufZFlye4-00071-00045660-00046134 I'm not pretty sure that this is a trend of some sort it could be that these animals are +xjtufZFlye4-00072-00046134-00046596 actually sensing something in your opinion what do you think is really going on here and why is +xjtufZFlye4-00073-00046596-00047196 this herd of sheep walking in circles for more than 12 days overall that is bizarre bro this is +xjtufZFlye4-00074-00047196-00047586 the only video I saw from Sakura team but he's not showing us like a lot of different videos +xjtufZFlye4-00075-00047856-00048156 that is really odd really odd +xjtufZFlye4-00076-00048360-00048726 traveling to the woods with your family to go fishing or having a +xjtufZFlye4-00077-00048726-00049170 good time is one of the best ideas ever during a weekend or a holiday +xjtufZFlye4-00078-00049332-00049920 just so you have an idea fishing is one of the most popular outdoor recreational activities in +xjtufZFlye4-00079-00049920-00050724 the United States alone for instance in 2020 about 55 million Americans went fishing at least once +xjtufZFlye4-00080-00050832-00051432 that's a lot of people going I never I never went have you ever been fishing fishing and when you're +xjtufZFlye4-00081-00051432-00052055 doing such activities there are many things that can occur oh my that's bigger than a basketball +xjtufZFlye4-00082-00052116-00052644 but sometimes the unexpected happens and very rarely oh my God it's bigger +xjtufZFlye4-00083-00052644-00052979 bigger than a hippopotamus what do you mean man it's not even like +xjtufZFlye4-00084-00052979-00053400 bigger than a basketball it's bigger than a hippopotamus man he's captured on camera +xjtufZFlye4-00085-00053466-00053940 and this is the case with this next video that we're about to watch oh check this out +xjtufZFlye4-00086-00054198-00054372 something coming something coming +xjtufZFlye4-00087-00054372-00055434 yo what what's that like what's moving oh [__] what the hell is that +xjtufZFlye4-00088-00055704-00055878 what the hell did I just see +xjtufZFlye4-00089-00057144-00057984 okay so far there's no one there selling peaking Maybe [Music] I'll put the cam down just in case +xjtufZFlye4-00090-00058104-00058746 a man who was returning home from fishing in Ontario Canada is completely surprised by what +xjtufZFlye4-00091-00058746-00059255 he sees in the distance yo I'm in Montreal so Ontario here like I'm like somewhere here uh +xjtufZFlye4-00092-00059255-00059741 you guys don't even see it right now like some I'm somewhere here like in this line here damn +xjtufZFlye4-00093-00059862-00060366 what appears to be large humanoid creature can be seen pacing in the distance +xjtufZFlye4-00094-00060641-00061200 if you take a closer look if we zoom in it appears to be a Sasquatch being +xjtufZFlye4-00095-00061200-00061829 that this creature is very large and very tall hey Bigfoot confirm it's a Sasquatch +xjtufZFlye4-00096-00061908-00062412 but when it comes to Sasquatch signees in Canada there are many of them and this is +xjtufZFlye4-00097-00062412-00063024 where things get really strange many the dude do you know yeah it is oh my God okay +xjtufZFlye4-00098-00063024-00063612 I might I might see a head popping that this looks like such a big thing for such a like +xjtufZFlye4-00099-00063840-00064308 like hauling it down that mountain I'm zoomed in as much as I can on +xjtufZFlye4-00100-00064308-00064716 this thing damn man I wish we had this next video a family was enjoying their +xjtufZFlye4-00101-00064716-00065141 time fishing just next to a river when the mother decided to record this moment +xjtufZFlye4-00102-00065196-00065748 and this is what they caught on camera sometimes I really wish there should be better cameras +xjtufZFlye4-00103-00066704-00066804 [Music] +xjtufZFlye4-00104-00066804-00067170 damn like y'all shouldn't be hanging out like that +xjtufZFlye4-00105-00067530-00067776 supposedly recorded in Burlington Ontario +xjtufZFlye4-00106-00067776-00068232 a family captures what appears to be some sort of humanoid creature +xjtufZFlye4-00107-00068364-00069060 whatever this creature is it's caught by surprise and so is the family what's strange about all this +xjtufZFlye4-00108-00069060-00069720 is that signings like these ones in Canada seem to be a common thing oh [__] this one for instance +xjtufZFlye4-00109-00069720-00070278 yo I was not aware of that but then again like I never went fishing I never go to Woods right +xjtufZFlye4-00110-00070278-00071034 so it's like one of those bra moment that was recorded in Banff National Park a group of people +xjtufZFlye4-00111-00071034-00071748 were touring on a boat when all of a sudden the unexpected happens check this out hello everybody +xjtufZFlye4-00112-00071910-00072786 sounds a little bit loud can everyone hear me all right it seems that the tourists were +xjtufZFlye4-00113-00072786-00073452 going on a ride on Lake Minnewanka the lake is 28 kilometers long and the only Lake in Banff +xjtufZFlye4-00114-00073452-00073908 National Park opened to the public they were enjoying their time like anyone else would +xjtufZFlye4-00115-00073908-00074514 do people were recording the beautiful scenery when all of a sudden they spot what appears to +xjtufZFlye4-00116-00074514-00075246 be at first a bear on the shoreline and this is what happens next I've only seen a bear Express +xjtufZFlye4-00117-00075552-00075852 oh I see it +xjtufZFlye4-00118-00076110-00076518 okay yeah it seems like a beer actually but +xjtufZFlye4-00119-00076818-00077304 man sometimes I wish people that are recording this thing had better cameras like our phones +xjtufZFlye4-00120-00077304-00077874 are not that strong they're strong but like like you know I mean like when you zoom in it's just +xjtufZFlye4-00121-00077874-00078426 at night time when you zoom in it just doesn't work and I understand like no one is gonna be +xjtufZFlye4-00122-00078426-00079050 hanging out like a five kilograms of camera like a massive lens no one is gonna like do +xjtufZFlye4-00123-00079050-00079542 that there are some people but whenever you have that moments like that never occur thank you +xjtufZFlye4-00124-00079806-00080586 did anyone see any features on it +xjtufZFlye4-00125-00080958-00081114 like it wasn't a bear +xjtufZFlye4-00126-00082020-00082728 again what appears to be a tall humanoids figure can be seen in the distance +xjtufZFlye4-00127-00082824-00083400 whatever this thing is everyone in the boat was baffled and tried to get it's really hard to tell +xjtufZFlye4-00128-00083400-00083922 but it looks like that if if that's the person he's wearing the same color of clothing like +xjtufZFlye4-00129-00083922-00084420 from bottom to up right and that's what makes it like kind of bizarre it's like looks like kind +xjtufZFlye4-00130-00084420-00084966 of looks like a bear though the hold of a camera to record it after being published many internet +xjtufZFlye4-00131-00084966-00085536 users suggested that this is a person in a suit that may be the touring company hired however +xjtufZFlye4-00132-00085536-00086178 other internet users disagree and say that this is as legit as it can get but I'm not too sure in +xjtufZFlye4-00133-00086178-00086688 your opinion what do you think about these videos are they yeah either a person wearing the same +xjtufZFlye4-00134-00086688-00087234 suit same color as food or actually a bear because the skin would be the same right you know what I +xjtufZFlye4-00135-00087234-00087744 mean but this could be the shoes you see this hair like Vermont said at the bottom like black so this +xjtufZFlye4-00136-00087744-00088314 could be the shoes this fake or is it the real deal and have you yourself or anyone you know had +xjtufZFlye4-00137-00088314-00089046 any contact with such a creature I mean how would I oh what what how would I have a contact with no +xjtufZFlye4-00138-00089046-00089688 I don't know about you but really strange things sometimes happen to me for example every time I +xjtufZFlye4-00139-00089688-00090372 arrive home I place my car keys in the same spot and the next day sometimes it's not there for some +xjtufZFlye4-00140-00090372-00091056 unexplainable reason things like not being able to find your keys your card or things that you're +xjtufZFlye4-00141-00091056-00091662 pretty sure you left in that exact spot actually occur quite a lot with a lot of people out there +xjtufZFlye4-00142-00091728-00092292 and sometimes we try to find an explanation like maybe my memory is failing or maybe some +xjtufZFlye4-00143-00092292-00092916 sort of anomalies going on but sometimes I'm pretty sure glitch in reality that happens and +xjtufZFlye4-00144-00092916-00093582 things disappear or things change immediately no immediately now what what the hell I'm telling you +xjtufZFlye4-00145-00093582-00094086 right now I see what I needed the thing is most of the times there is a really you what kind of fish +xjtufZFlye4-00146-00094086-00094710 is that I never seen it it kind of is a scorpion normal fish but with claws with like hands right +xjtufZFlye4-00147-00094710-00095232 there you know what I mean good explanation to some of these unexplained things that occur +xjtufZFlye4-00148-00095232-00095974 but sometimes there isn't excuse me what so is he gonna disappear as well [Music] +xjtufZFlye4-00149-00096426-00096894 exactly the case with Serena Beverly who was heading to the park with her family +xjtufZFlye4-00150-00096894-00097206 and saw something that she couldn't quite explain +xjtufZFlye4-00151-00097284-00097732 and she caught it all on camera and this is what she saw [Music] +xjtufZFlye4-00152-00098166-00098376 two heads two-headed deer +xjtufZFlye4-00153-00098720-00098820 [Music] +xjtufZFlye4-00154-00098820-00099624 never thought your watch it'd be just one head now like imagine see it in the wild incredible +xjtufZFlye4-00155-00099624-00100512 how is it still alive what one head in the video we can see clearly what appears to be a two-headed +xjtufZFlye4-00156-00100512-00101166 deer when all of a sudden If You observe closely one of the heads completely disappears +xjtufZFlye4-00157-00101280-00101706 the video amassed millions of views and thousands of comments and people were completely baffled +xjtufZFlye4-00158-00101784-00102360 most people think that it's actually a deer coming from behind the tree While others think +xjtufZFlye4-00159-00102360-00103008 that this is a legit glitch in The Matrix and that the second head either morphs into one or +xjtufZFlye4-00160-00103008-00103800 disappears now here's where things get strange if we zoom in the video and if we slow-mo there's an +xjtufZFlye4-00161-00103800-00104388 opening that we can see between the deer and the tree and if there were a second deer behind the +xjtufZFlye4-00162-00104388-00105111 tree we would be able to see it coming and going from this opening yeah it doesn't happen [Music] +xjtufZFlye4-00163-00105611-00106404 excitable how is it still alive so it does look like legit but why shouldn't be but why didn't +xjtufZFlye4-00164-00106404-00107154 she react after the fact seeing just one head because she reacted to seeing two heads how is it +xjtufZFlye4-00165-00107154-00107628 is it alive but you were clearly seeing one head afterwards and you're telling me she didn't react +xjtufZFlye4-00166-00107628-00108233 glitch in the simulation or something like that something that Serena was not supposed to capture +xjtufZFlye4-00167-00108233-00108972 on camera which he did but I'm not sure what's your take now when it comes to glitch videos +xjtufZFlye4-00168-00108972-00109656 garbanzo 5 and Instagram personality decided to watch an interview and record it on his phone when +xjtufZFlye4-00169-00109656-00110190 all of a sudden he accidentally captured something chilling on camera and this is what he saw +xjtufZFlye4-00170-00110190-00111576 in the video a man appears to spawn from out of note uh is it did it happen like live on a +xjtufZFlye4-00171-00111576-00112272 news channel seems like a news channel but was this video probably added in no way nowhere in +xjtufZFlye4-00172-00112272-00112859 the middle of the live stream now garbanzo 5 published this as possibly a time traveler or +xjtufZFlye4-00173-00112859-00113328 something like that however many internet users argue that this actually is a green +xjtufZFlye4-00174-00113328-00113892 screen effect of some sort however if you watch in the background there is a lady dressing all green +xjtufZFlye4-00175-00113892-00114450 which would mean that she would be glitching if this was indeed some sort of green screen effects +xjtufZFlye4-00176-00114582-00115122 I'm not sure hold up yo that's a good argument that's a good damn argument but +xjtufZFlye4-00177-00115224-00115811 this could be there could have been two videos so the person that we saw walking he could have +xjtufZFlye4-00178-00115811-00116406 been like a transparent video the mov file put on top of that original file I really need to +xjtufZFlye4-00179-00116406-00117198 see the actual like live uh first of all I need to see the live recording of this like an actual +xjtufZFlye4-00180-00117198-00117672 one because this video could have been toyed around with right so live recording and once I +xjtufZFlye4-00181-00117672-00118044 see this then I'll be like okay so at least the live recording is genuine but then it's gonna +xjtufZFlye4-00182-00118044-00118674 be like okay so they did they actually add that person in in that video or no you know what I mean +xjtufZFlye4-00183-00118674-00119285 do you think this is the real deal or is it maybe something else that's going on here +xjtufZFlye4-00184-00119664-00120228 have you ever heard of the hepatia stone a mysterious Egyptian rock that contains micro +xjtufZFlye4-00185-00120228-00120768 mineral compounds not found on Earth nor anywhere else on our solar system +xjtufZFlye4-00186-00120846-00121524 in other words no one knows exactly how or where this rock was formed it's basically an alien Rock +xjtufZFlye4-00187-00121602-00122250 now you would expect that this rock that was found in 1996 in Western Egypt by Ali Barakat +xjtufZFlye4-00188-00122250-00122958 to have some sort of alien special power like Kryptonite but it isn't +xjtufZFlye4-00189-00122958-00123648 however a couple of weeks ago a very strange video surfaced the internet and social media of what's +xjtufZFlye4-00190-00123648-00124194 supposed to be a very strange rock that was also found in Egypt and has some sort of superpower +xjtufZFlye4-00191-00124194-00124914 in one of the videos posted by multiversali on Reddit it shows some of the strange properties +xjtufZFlye4-00192-00124914-00125880 that this rock has check this out Egypt is a mysterious Place say something September 1st 2022 +xjtufZFlye4-00193-00126132-00126383 water bottle see something +xjtufZFlye4-00194-00126809-00127056 the water bottle will move I'm assuming in +xjtufZFlye4-00195-00127056-00127518 the video a man holds a paper with the date supposedly written on it +xjtufZFlye4-00196-00127620-00128435 when he places The Rock next to a water bottle it becomes red what it's a stranger take a look +xjtufZFlye4-00197-00128435-00129330 [Music] okay so if you take it away +xjtufZFlye4-00198-00129330-00131274 will that turn right whoa +xjtufZFlye4-00199-00131496-00132168 God damn when placing a Coca-Cola bottle side by side with The Rock +xjtufZFlye4-00200-00132228-00132864 the bottle simply bursts somehow but it doesn't stop there in other +xjtufZFlye4-00201-00132864-00133248 videos a different type of rock was shown with similar properties +xjtufZFlye4-00202-00133494-00133776 man these rocks got something demonic +xjtufZFlye4-00203-00134070-00134136 Wednesday +xjtufZFlye4-00204-00134394-00134712 February 23rd 2022. +xjtufZFlye4-00205-00135060-00135882 okay so that's the stone the color will change to maybe these videos were all posted they amassed +xjtufZFlye4-00206-00135882-00136326 millions of views and thousands of comments and internet users were completely baffled by it +xjtufZFlye4-00207-00136410-00137076 no one knows exactly how or what is going on here but there are a couple of ideas one of +xjtufZFlye4-00208-00137076-00137790 them being red mercury now if you don't know rad Mercury isn't exactly the same thing as mercury +xjtufZFlye4-00209-00137850-00138576 the origins of red mercury are hazy evidence of it can be found in the work of medieval Alchemist and +xjtufZFlye4-00210-00138576-00139314 philosopher jabir Eben hayen who wrote the most precious elixirs to have been planted on Earth +xjtufZFlye4-00211-00139314-00140256 were hidden in the pyramids in ancient cultures It is believed that this Elixir being red mercury had +xjtufZFlye4-00212-00140256-00141090 special powers cure people and much more the thing is in some of these cultures It is believed that +xjtufZFlye4-00213-00141090-00141822 this red mercury or Elixir was buried together with the pharaoh's mummies inside their tombs +xjtufZFlye4-00214-00142236-00142764 I I really feel like that the pyramids get really into a lot of the parts are +xjtufZFlye4-00215-00142764-00143346 still unexplored maybe yeah unexplored by basically you and me and people that live +xjtufZFlye4-00216-00143346-00143700 around and stuff normal people right like it's unexplored there are areas that people +xjtufZFlye4-00217-00143700-00144222 cannot go but imagine there are still unexplored areas that even the government hasn't explored +xjtufZFlye4-00218-00144222-00145128 I doubt that but I'm my point here is that the pyramids and the history it's just very +xjtufZFlye4-00219-00145128-00145668 bizarre it's like I feel like there's a lot of Treasure of knowledge there that's deep +xjtufZFlye4-00220-00145668-00146418 inside you know interesting on July 2020 similar videos were posted online videos +xjtufZFlye4-00221-00146418-00147090 that showed a supposed Egyptian rock that could do strange things it would boil water +xjtufZFlye4-00222-00147090-00147864 it would match with electric devices saving electricity boys +xjtufZFlye4-00223-00148230-00148464 oh damn oh hey wow +xjtufZFlye4-00224-00148746-00149214 so taking all the electricity oh [__] okay when you bring it close then +xjtufZFlye4-00225-00149454-00149856 you know for the longest amount of time there is there has been a myth where like if a UFO +xjtufZFlye4-00226-00149856-00150324 comes around the power will go uh go out right and we're kind of like feeling the +xjtufZFlye4-00227-00150324-00150804 same way with the stone you don't have absolutely no reflection in a mirror +xjtufZFlye4-00228-00151128-00151578 I don't know if that video is definitely for you yeah this one was fake I don't believe that +xjtufZFlye4-00229-00151656-00151896 he saw that we we reacted to this before +xjtufZFlye4-00230-00152004-00152724 but definitely creepy bizarre whatever you want to call it good at a train whatever it really is +xjtufZFlye4-00231-00152724-00153420 one of the most mysterious videos out there and to this day it hasn't been completely explained +xjtufZFlye4-00232-00153504-00153852 in this video A Man shows so you're telling me like you're posting all of this and the government +xjtufZFlye4-00233-00153852-00154278 hasn't got involved like the first thing the government would do is like come to your house +xjtufZFlye4-00234-00154278-00154866 they will see whatever you got right you know but we're talking Egypt so maybe it's not like +xjtufZFlye4-00235-00154866-00155400 that there if it was in the US you know oh hell yeah you got you got people in suit coming your +xjtufZFlye4-00236-00155400-00155856 way and they would be like FBI open up you know what I mean so there's a rad Mercury that's not +xjtufZFlye4-00237-00155856-00156738 reflect itself on mirror it repels from garlic and the list goes on it's somewhat a vampire substance +xjtufZFlye4-00238-00156810-00157410 however other videos show that normal Mercury does not behave like this in other +xjtufZFlye4-00239-00157410-00157992 words whatever the substance is it looks like Mercury but it's something entirely different +xjtufZFlye4-00240-00158172-00159024 it's a very good editing or it's like yeah man like honestly it's real is it CGI is it +xjtufZFlye4-00241-00159024-00159708 something else what is really going on here now red mercury supposedly does not exist it's just +xjtufZFlye4-00242-00159708-00160434 a bad time story however these videos show the opposite and there are many internet users stating +xjtufZFlye4-00243-00160434-00161190 that this is indeed red mercury okay but still I'm not sure what is red mercury if it exists +xjtufZFlye4-00244-00161190-00161778 or doesn't whatever what is red mercury gonna be used for if it exists let's say what do you think +xjtufZFlye4-00245-00161778-00162546 is really going on here and how do we explain some of these videos yeah what's your take either CGI +xjtufZFlye4-00246-00162624-00163164 let's say okay either real or CGI but I don't think it's CGI I think it's like there's +xjtufZFlye4-00247-00163164-00163632 something in the water they added something in the water and uh you know they just timed it +xjtufZFlye4-00248-00163632-00164130 perfectly and now it's uh showing up with the mirror thing though I think that's likely CGI +xjtufZFlye4-00249-00164478-00164578 um +xjtufZFlye4-00250-00164478-00165366 there are a lot of people out there will tell you they saw something they can't explain the +xjtufZFlye4-00251-00165366-00165792 Ouija board so I will say I'm stupid for drinking uh that knife fell out of that +xjtufZFlye4-00252-00166014-00166086 what +xjtufZFlye4-00253-00166296-00167436 what the hell yo hey yo Ariel no oh he baffled actually I'm uh what just happened and the amount +xjtufZFlye4-00254-00167436-00168060 of people that see these kind of paranormal events just keeps growing and his reaction +xjtufZFlye4-00255-00168060-00168618 seems genuine though he didn't like freak out he didn't scream he freaked out but he didn't +xjtufZFlye4-00256-00168618-00169272 scream he didn't went like all shaky he just watched that he's like yo what the hell just +xjtufZFlye4-00257-00169272-00169848 happened he was processing that you know to me that feels like a genuine reaction honestly +xjtufZFlye4-00258-00169962-00170442 it's not something that's new it's been happening since the dawn of time +xjtufZFlye4-00259-00170502-00171090 however science and experts haven't 100 proven the existence of ghosts and such things +xjtufZFlye4-00260-00171180-00171840 but even so if you take into consideration that almost everyone now has a camera a CCTV and so on +xjtufZFlye4-00261-00171840-00172512 and so forth there might be out there some videos that may prove the existence of a spiritual world +xjtufZFlye4-00262-00172710-00173112 ever believe this [Music] this okay what's happening yeah yeah +xjtufZFlye4-00263-00173394-00173778 that's Voldemort all right we're going we're going back inside yep +xjtufZFlye4-00264-00174018-00174778 what not yeah you got like Spirits walking around like that what's going on [Music] +xjtufZFlye4-00265-00175014-00175182 oh no man that's d +xjtufZFlye4-00266-00175506-00175716 D suck on these nuts +xjtufZFlye4-00267-00176172-00176862 yeah like but don't they have a policy to not show up on cameras and it is the case with this +xjtufZFlye4-00268-00176862-00177336 next video that you're about to watch that was originally posted to 4chan oh yeah and now has +xjtufZFlye4-00269-00177336-00178080 been trending all over yeah boys I seen this clip uh this is truly baffling this is truly +xjtufZFlye4-00270-00178080-00178734 bizarre it's one of those clips that I kind of believe in if if if if if if it's real +xjtufZFlye4-00271-00178734-00179388 if it's real okay I believe it's real if it's real okay let me see in this video a security +xjtufZFlye4-00272-00179388-00180072 guard in sanatorio finocchieto hospital in Buenos Aires claims that an old woman entered +xjtufZFlye4-00273-00180072-00180592 looking for her belongings of a patient that had just died the day before [Music] +xjtufZFlye4-00274-00180684-00181494 is that apparently if this man is not acting like there is a person in front of him he's like taking +xjtufZFlye4-00275-00181494-00181986 notes taking information and the security guard is recording obviously they got they got cameras +xjtufZFlye4-00276-00181986-00182490 they're they're looking at this person they're like yo what what is this bozo doing right and +xjtufZFlye4-00277-00182490-00183114 they don't see it but he says he sees it and took her information and even offered her a wheelchair +xjtufZFlye4-00278-00183246-00183810 and I'll bring a wheelchair do you want to come here okay let me lock this right there +xjtufZFlye4-00279-00183810-00184356 I'll walk you the hola see you soon let me put my notepad down there okay I'm bringing you that Daya +xjtufZFlye4-00280-00184440-00185322 there was absolutely no one there and at one moment he was holding the chair with one +xjtufZFlye4-00281-00185322-00185778 hand and he was not moving the chair like that right like he was not moving the chair he was +xjtufZFlye4-00282-00185778-00186282 just simply holding it and the chair just kind of moved you know to the side that's bizarre though +xjtufZFlye4-00283-00186282-00186954 as though someone really sat down and moved uh the chair with the leg with with her legs you +xjtufZFlye4-00284-00186954-00187572 know information however that she left for him to write was of the deceased person that she had just +xjtufZFlye4-00285-00187572-00188244 mentioned so whatever is going on here it might just be one of the best ghost videos that has been +xjtufZFlye4-00286-00188244-00188856 posted in quite a long time yeah I believe it's real if it's real though like you know what I mean +xjtufZFlye4-00287-00188958-00189462 in the past couple of months several Rivers all over the world have been drying up for +xjtufZFlye4-00288-00189462-00190152 several reasons in some of these Rivers people are finding astonishing things such as dinosaur tracks +xjtufZFlye4-00289-00190152-00190896 and things like that now it's very noticeable and important about the Euphrates river is that in the +xjtufZFlye4-00290-00190896-00191616 past in the distant past it allowed for the growth of some of humankind's earliest civilizations so +xjtufZFlye4-00291-00191616-00192198 this is one of the reasons that the eufreeze river is very important so it is sort of a big deal for +xjtufZFlye4-00292-00192198-00192870 it to dry up not only that there is another side to it which is a more superstitious side of the +xjtufZFlye4-00293-00192870-00193668 story it has been said in certain Legends cultures and tales that Wendy Euphrates River dries up it's +xjtufZFlye4-00294-00193668-00194346 sort of a bad omen so it has been foreseen in the past that it would dry up and that strange +xjtufZFlye4-00295-00194346-00195042 and bizarre things would occur and well in some of these videos I would say that it is what's +xjtufZFlye4-00296-00195042-00195768 going on in one video published to YouTube a man supposedly finds a cave beneath the Euphrates +xjtufZFlye4-00297-00195768-00196536 River oh [__] and he finds what's supposed to be an ancient tomb inside this supposed ancient tomb +xjtufZFlye4-00298-00196536-00196956 you can actually see there are hieroglyphs and things of sort you know don't fall bro +xjtufZFlye4-00299-00197178-00198516 yeah yeah yeah [Music] yeah bro that's shots fired shots fire yo would you actually go I wouldn't I'm +xjtufZFlye4-00300-00198516-00198996 not too sure if this video is the real deal and if this is indeed in the Euphrates River I haven't +xjtufZFlye4-00301-00198996-00199608 found any other source of information on this video yeah imagine it's just like out of nowhere +xjtufZFlye4-00302-00199608-00200016 like wherever he lives and he saw something he's like bruh I'll go inside and I'm gonna +xjtufZFlye4-00303-00200016-00200628 name it if Freddy's bridge I went there bro you know what I mean there is another video that was +xjtufZFlye4-00304-00200628-00201216 supposedly recorded in the Euphrates river of a man who found a cave system and in this Cave +xjtufZFlye4-00305-00201216-00201996 System he can hear strange sounds coming from inside of it check this out check this out okay +xjtufZFlye4-00306-00202424-00202524 [Music] +xjtufZFlye4-00307-00202524-00202710 I think somebody's having an orgasm +xjtufZFlye4-00308-00202998-00203106 [Music] +xjtufZFlye4-00309-00203670-00203994 nothing nothing yet yes +xjtufZFlye4-00310-00204240-00204540 come on give me one of those give me one of those yeah +xjtufZFlye4-00311-00204960-00205194 oh [__] oh okay oh hey +xjtufZFlye4-00312-00205794-00206166 yo you might want to run bruh oh he grabbed something +xjtufZFlye4-00313-00206364-00206921 he grabbed something that's good for defense +xjtufZFlye4-00314-00208014-00208686 it seems like somebody's like in pain oh [__] also that hole isn't that +xjtufZFlye4-00315-00208686-00209238 big it's just like you can fit your hand and bruh I'm not talking about something +xjtufZFlye4-00316-00209238-00209592 else okay I'm actually talking about the cave like y'all are dirty minded man like +xjtufZFlye4-00317-00209921-00210546 just talking about this cave hole bro like he can put his hand inside damn son +xjtufZFlye4-00318-00210912-00211721 whoa okay nice size comparison the video itself is really spooky and it suggests that there might be +xjtufZFlye4-00319-00211721-00212448 something beneath this River after all something maybe out of this world or maybe paranormal +xjtufZFlye4-00320-00212592-00213036 you're so much of our all-over planet is unexplored +xjtufZFlye4-00321-00213192-00213816 or maybe it's the air I'm not pretty sure maybe it's the air because maybe the inside texture uh +xjtufZFlye4-00322-00213816-00214446 what I mean by that is like there might be a Rocks Under uh that are like weird shapes and if the +xjtufZFlye4-00323-00214446-00215010 wind passes through it it hits the walls it hits the rocks and it's just bouncing off and it would +xjtufZFlye4-00324-00215010-00215544 create it would create a weird sound you know it could be that actually you know it's just the air +xjtufZFlye4-00325-00215544-00216090 passing through both of these videos are the real deal or not but they have been stirring up the +xjtufZFlye4-00326-00216090-00216617 internet lately there's a lot of people talking about it so I just want to know your thoughts do +xjtufZFlye4-00327-00216617-00217254 you really think whatever strange things going on under this River and why so what ladies and +xjtufZFlye4-00328-00217254-00217848 gentlemen click on this video on the screen I'm telling you man subscribe and I'll see you +xk9FDTV6mz8-00000-00000000-00000200 A prompt… +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00000-00003166-00003853 what wasn't that +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00001-00004709-00005558 so what I understand if you grind little mistakes +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00002-00006470-00007337 isn't your ship stepper write down things diva special game +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00003-00007847-00010217 since I'm going to be time that's all my die konglish solo so hang about how is +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00004-00010217-00011720 the earth visited was its lifting that I am in bed what is my mission now you +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00005-00011720-00012719 come back and use the photo shoot you can speech every girl okay and you +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00006-00012719-00013336 can explai pasión almost all fries dear you come' book +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00007-00013336-00013882 alright canonic my pasion is that fish is my aide named Eliza +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00008-00014143-00014677 hey that was there for you visit sir +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00009-00015653-00017876 - Thank You Dragon Master Krishna mantra +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00011-00021159-00021843 that day it's a glitch towards there's a fourth and final book with so much +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00012-00021843-00023557 damage to say not yeah it smacks of our nation Angus even you oh yeah this yeah +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00013-00023557-00025651 it's not it's me come visit us Lang we do +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00014-00026756-00028930 Oh cotton onyx it's been less version so it lets hear not so garlic exact sueños +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00015-00030052-00031151 time every switch for Irish mom cook they didn't go priests we're right back +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00016-00031151-00031462 stay down on your bring it on +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00017-00031654-00032326 can you see any videos yet India to me +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00018-00032445-00033455 yeah same right yeah I need a hero I'm worthy that +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00019-00033455-00034174 day thirsty see my dog a new car yeah +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00021-00038562-00040890 Creed pneumatic annex of March at orthogonal can you run that yes about me +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00022-00040890-00041114 SEO +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00023-00043241-00044799 restrict y'all we host an old photo at a frequency mr. Angus I've got this like +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00024-00045063-00045544 seconds it is it cannot be seen in shy scope with you nothing everything out +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00025-00045544-00045771 there up here +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00027-00051888-00052241 traveling cops often +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00028-00052393-00055105 elephant below ha ha I think we got here mana income they +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00029-00055114-00057599 call down here in Vegas by clever guy right so uh you gonna for sure +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00030-00057998-00058322 behind us +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00031-00059847-00060948 stop saying hey guys no alternative is just down here okay +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00032-00061122-00061936 the handshake splendors of the not 60s sorry I just serve at me and I and I'm +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00033-00061936-00062673 from the right oh well shaking him on tip Adam Adam are +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00034-00062673-00063736 ya shovin tip cook me I'm dead not often regard on can do that isn't it son +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00035-00063736-00066555 oh the horn cats cats Amish do feel better yeah shown here are gonna be +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00037-00070591-00071247 clean okay no +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00038-00071886-00073166 judge is for certain Oh chef acquittal market sold before yawns yes +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00039-00073613-00074927 that's mr. drew I not make a box the number is rising zits dude I speak very +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00040-00074927-00075149 sure +xn3gw0ZiyKg-00041-00075945-00076356 you get out Thursday June +y1i9-UlD8kk-00000-00000000-00000114 In just about. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00001-00000261-00000723 Larry Eames: We'll get started in just about two minutes to give people time to filter in, thank you for joining us today. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00002-00009693-00010857 Larry Eames: All right, it is 10:02 and we have a packed agenda today. Well, 10:02 in snowy Colorado, and we have a packed agenda today so let's go ahead and get started. Hello everybody, my name is Larry Eames. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00003-00010896-00011742 Larry Eames: I use he/him as pronouns and welcome to the Help! I'm an Accidental Government Information Librarian webinar series or, as we call it Help! for short. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00004-00011781-00012546 Larry Eames: This series is brought to you by the American library Association's Government Documents Round Table and we have special guests today which we'll talk about a little bit later. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00005-00012609-00012768 Larry Eames: And thank you so much for coming. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00006-00012822-00013800 Larry Eames: You will be muted during this webinar but we encourage you to participate in chat if you don't see a chat window, you can click on the chat icon at the bottom of your screen. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00007-00013821-00014871 Larry Eames: We also encourage you to send questions via the Q and A function throughout today's session. We will save questions for the end but we encourage you to submit them as you think of them. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00008-00014937-00015609 Larry Eames: If there are any technical issues Samantha Hager is on hand to help. Feel free to use chat to get in touch with her. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00009-00015641-00016230 Larry Eames: Worst case scenario, though, do remember that this webinar is being recorded and will be shared, to our YouTube channel later. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00010-00016305-00017637 Larry Eames: So be sure to stay tuned for our spring slate of webinars. If you have topics or ideas that you would like to see presented, please let me know. I'm going to drop a handful of links here in the chat. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00011-00017739-00018990 Larry Eames: for everyone to stay in touch with us, you can shoot me an email, if you have ideas and to see more of our previous webinars You can check out our YouTube channel and if you are a YouTube user please give us a follow. It would be great to have that. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00012-00019044-00019881 Larry Eames: So today's webinar is U.S. and International Election Data and I'm going to turn it over to Charmaine to introduce our speakers. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00013-00019968-00020118 Charmaine Henriques: Hi everybody. can everybody hear me? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00014-00020331-00020433 Charmaine Henriques: Can everybody hear me? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00015-00020457-00020622 Chelsea Nesvig (she/her): Yes, we can okay. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00016-00020748-00021981 Charmaine Henriques: Hi everyone and welcome to the GODORT Help! and PPIRS professional development webinar on domestic and foreign elections, my name is Charmaine Henriques and I'm one of the committee members serving on the PIPPRS Professional Development Committee. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00017-00022275-00023421 Charmaine Henriques: Today we have two wonderful experts who will discuss and show us search strategies and resources for conducting research on domestic and international and foreign elections. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00018-00023574-00024426 Charmaine Henriques: including finding raw and aggregate data. They will speak for 40 minutes, 20 minutes each and there will be an additional 20 minutes left for Q and A. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00019-00024498-00025689 Charmaine Henriques: As Larry said don't forget to put your questions in the chat box. Our US elections speaker is Catherine Morse. Catherine was previously the international documents librarian at Northwestern University Libraries, +y1i9-UlD8kk-00020-00025733-00027369 Charmaine Henriques: And is currently the Government Information, Law and Political Science Librarian at the University of Michigan Libraries. She holds an MLIS from Dominican University in Forest, Illinois and has been a longtime member of GODORT. Catherine served as PPIRS' Member at Large from +y1i9-UlD8kk-00021-00027470-00028335 Charmaine Henriques: 2018 to 2020, and is finishing up her two year term on the membership committee of which she was chair in 2019/2020. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00022-00028410-00029408 Charmaine Henriques: Our second speaker, the foreign election specialist, is Jeremy Darrington. Jeremy received his MLIS at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00023-00029469-00030498 Charmaine Henriques: He is the Politics Librarian at Princeton University. He has served as the PPIRS sectional chair, was the past chair of the review and planning committee and is currently the Chair of the +y1i9-UlD8kk-00024-00030539-00031239 Charmaine Henriques: Marta Lange/SAGE-CQ Press Award Committee, an award he received himself in 2024 for distinguished +y1i9-UlD8kk-00025-00031277-00032295 Charmaine Henriques: contributions to librarianship in political science by an academic librarian. We are very excited and fortunate to have Catherine and Jeremy here with us today. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00026-00032345-00033969 Charmaine Henriques: And, before I turn it over to Catherine, I would also like to mention that the next PPIRS webinar series will happen in April and it will be about international human rights and climate change instruction, so please join us for that one. Catherine go ahead. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00027-00034206-00034347 Catherine Morse: All right, thank you Charmaine. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00028-00034482-00034881 Catherine Morse: Okay, so first I'm going to share the link to my slides. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00029-00035034-00035286 Catherine Morse: And then I'm going to try +y1i9-UlD8kk-00030-00035403-00035547 Catherine Morse: sharing my screen. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00031-00036147-00036531 Catherine Morse: Okay, do you see my slides US elections data? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00032-00036606-00036735 Chelsea Nesvig (she/her): looks good Catherine. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00033-00036744-00038550 Catherine Morse: Excellent! All right, great. So I am Catherine, she/her pronouns and I have been at Michigan for 17 years now, and when I get asked about elections data +y1i9-UlD8kk-00034-00038691-00038832 Catherine Morse: I have a whole +y1i9-UlD8kk-00035-00038970-00040245 Catherine Morse: series of questions, follow up questions that I asked the researcher. It usually starts with somebody saying 'Well I'm interested in finding elections data' and then +y1i9-UlD8kk-00036-00040281-00041130 Catherine Morse: the follow up questions I always ask are kind of like Which election are we talking about? What kind of race? Are we talking about president or we talking about municipal elections? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00037-00041190-00042717 Catherine Morse: And then we need to know what kind of geography: are we talking about presidential elections data at the county level? Are we talking about Congressional election data by district? of course, we would need to know the time period. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00038-00042852-00043821 Catherine Morse: And then, as you talk more to the researcher, you will start to get a sense of if they want election results like numbers counts of who voted for whom. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00039-00043875-00045411 Catherine Morse: Or are they asking for things that would lead you away from results and more to polls. Are they asking for-- 'I am interested in how many evangelical voters voted in a certain way', or how many white women voted in a particular way. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00040-00045555-00046239 Catherine Morse: Those kinds of questions lead us to polls and studies of voter attitudes and identities +y1i9-UlD8kk-00041-00046368-00047046 Catherine Morse: Another thing that we can ask our researchers is what kind of format are you looking for? So if somebody says they want +y1i9-UlD8kk-00042-00047190-00048030 Catherine Morse: to map elections data are they looking for a map that's already made and they just want to see which states are red and which states are blue, or are they looking for +y1i9-UlD8kk-00043-00048102-00049068 Catherine Morse: data that they're going to be incorporating into GIS or geographic information systems? Maybe they need a large data set +y1i9-UlD8kk-00044-00049185-00049695 Catherine Morse: that is going to be compatible for working with GIS. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00045-00049842-00049893 Catherine Morse: Okay. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00046-00050022-00050838 Catherine Morse: So if we are looking for election results, there are many different places you can go for this and lots of different options out there. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00047-00050868-00051837 Catherine Morse: And at first I started listing them all, and then I was afraid that it was going to be like really long and overwhelming, so I narrowed it down. But just know that there's a lot out there. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00048-00052044-00053454 Catherine Morse: Here are some of the ones that I have used before. These are places where you can get Presidential and Congressional election results, these are freely available sources too. So the Clerk of the House +y1i9-UlD8kk-00049-00053562-00053850 Catherine Morse: has a website where you can get +y1i9-UlD8kk-00050-00054015-00056544 Catherine Morse: results for the last 100 years. But these are in PDFs and it may or may not meet your needs. The Federal Election Commission has data and offers it in spreadsheet as well as PDF. And then the American Presidency Project offers a lot of election statistics as well. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00051-00056796-00058053 Catherine Morse: There are subscription resources that you can turn to to find elections data and usually the benefit of why you might turn to some of these resources is if you want to get a lot of data and you're hoping +y1i9-UlD8kk-00052-00058158-00060045 Catherine Morse: to get a spreadsheet in as few clicks as possible. One option out there is CQ Voting and Elections. If your institution subscribes to this product they have a download data section and you can put your +y1i9-UlD8kk-00053-00060204-00062232 Catherine Morse: parameters together, you can request things like presidential data at the county level, you can add all the years and then you can click on the download button. Other places where you can get this data is Data Planet or Statista, as well as others. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00054-00062574-00062754 Catherine Morse: When you need lots of data, +y1i9-UlD8kk-00055-00062855-00063483 Catherine Morse: then I recommend going to the MIT Election Data and Science Lab. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00056-00063663-00063894 Catherine Morse: So let me try +y1i9-UlD8kk-00057-00064002-00064602 Catherine Morse: clicking on this now. Okay, so they do a really nice job of presenting +y1i9-UlD8kk-00058-00064758-00065250 Catherine Morse: long time series of data in a really easy to download format. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00059-00065562-00067041 Catherine Morse: So let's say we were interested in county presidential election returns from 2000 to 2020. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00060-00067164-00067188 Catherine Morse: Okay. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00061-00067386-00068526 Catherine Morse: So just to give you an idea of what this looks like, this kind of tabular data-- if we were to download that this would work well for a user who wants to +y1i9-UlD8kk-00062-00068577-00069621 Catherine Morse: join up a table in GIS if they wanted to add county level presidential election results to some other geographic data they were working with. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00063-00069984-00070944 Catherine Morse: This is what it looks like. So you can see we've got state and county and then a county FIPS number. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00064-00071064-00071730 Catherine Morse: So this makes it really easy to put into GIS or into some kind of mapping program. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00065-00071967-00072033 Catherine Morse: Okay. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00066-00072360-00073179 Catherine Morse: If your institution is an ICPSR Member then ICPSR is a great place to go to get +y1i9-UlD8kk-00067-00073308-00073596 Catherine Morse: to download large sets of election data. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00068-00073836-00074136 Catherine Morse: I will show some of the things that they have. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00069-00074310-00075771 Catherine Morse: Okay, so this is the US Historical Elections Returns Series that ICPSR has. You can get things like candidate name and the constituency totals from 1788 to 1990. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00070-00075984-00076125 Catherine Morse: General Election data from 1950-1990 +y1i9-UlD8kk-00071-00076341-00076473 Catherine Morse: lots of good stuff here. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00072-00077031-00077133 Catherine Morse: All right. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00073-00077598-00078435 Catherine Morse: If you're looking for election information more at the state level there's a lot of interest, I think, in looking at +y1i9-UlD8kk-00074-00078594-00080205 Catherine Morse: direct democracy initiatives and ballot initiatives and referendums. One of the sites I like to go to for that is the IRI Initiative and Referendum Institute. They will provide an overview of +y1i9-UlD8kk-00075-00080337-00081096 Catherine Morse: of what ballot initiatives were up in a particular election by date. And then they also have +y1i9-UlD8kk-00076-00081228-00081999 Catherine Morse: data they make available that gives you the number of initiatives and how many were approved by state and by year. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00077-00082176-00082230 Catherine Morse: . +y1i9-UlD8kk-00078-00082434-00082608 Catherine Morse: I also want to mention. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00079-00082710-00083100 Catherine Morse: How great state websites can be. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00080-00083214-00084027 Catherine Morse: Whatever executive agency within the state that is in charge of elections, and maybe that's the Secretary of State, or maybe there's a different +y1i9-UlD8kk-00081-00084165-00085656 Catherine Morse: name for whoever runs the state's elections, but their website will often be a great place to go to get election results data. I link here to Wikipedia page that links out to state +y1i9-UlD8kk-00082-00085890-00086016 Catherine Morse: election offices. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00083-00086508-00086682 Catherine Morse: That's another great place to go. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00084-00087213-00088119 Catherine Morse: If you are looking for local elections data or city elections, mayoral elections, +y1i9-UlD8kk-00085-00088251-00088587 Catherine Morse: your city clerk's office web page might +y1i9-UlD8kk-00086-00088725-00089133 Catherine Morse: have everything you need. Local newspapers might be doing a good job, covering. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00087-00089289-00090006 Catherine Morse: I also like Ballotpedia. They cover the 100 largest cities that's largest by population. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00088-00090249-00090552 Catherine Morse: And Ballotpedia is also useful for +y1i9-UlD8kk-00089-00090723-00092049 Catherine Morse: if you're looking for school board elections. They cover 470 different school districts so that's the school districts from the 100 largest municipalities and then also +y1i9-UlD8kk-00090-00092172-00092430 Catherine Morse: the largest school districts, in addition to that. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00091-00092580-00092835 Catherine Morse: So this is the page that they have +y1i9-UlD8kk-00092-00092970-00093255 Catherine Morse: devoted to school boards, and they also have +y1i9-UlD8kk-00093-00093384-00094476 Catherine Morse: a page specifically about school board recalls. I thought this was really interesting because that's been a subject that we've seen in the news lately. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00094-00095031-00095238 Catherine Morse: Here are some of the school board +y1i9-UlD8kk-00095-00095400-00096108 Catherine Morse: recall information. And there's Michigan with seven recalls, what do you know? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00096-00096396-00096471 Catherine Morse: Okay. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00097-00097110-00097482 Catherine Morse: Okay, so earlier I mentioned maps. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00098-00097635-00099441 Catherine Morse: Like I said when researchers say 'I'm looking to map election results', then the follow up question I always ask is, 'Are you looking for a pre-made map, or are you working with GIS?' If somebody wants pre-made maps and they want to see red states and blue states, +y1i9-UlD8kk-00099-00099591-00100260 Catherine Morse: the presidential election results map from the American Presidency Project is a great place to go. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00100-00100365-00101133 Catherine Morse: If your institution subscribes to Social Explorer you can get those maps +y1i9-UlD8kk-00101-00101244-00101538 Catherine Morse: covering the period from 1912 to 2020. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00102-00101892-00102342 Catherine Morse: If you have a researcher who is using GIS, +y1i9-UlD8kk-00103-00102485-00102747 Catherine Morse: there are some good places to go. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00104-00102849-00103685 Catherine Morse: The Voting and Election Science team Dataverse is particularly useful. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00105-00103815-00104679 Catherine Morse: What you can get here is both results at different geographies and then also the boundaries, the shape files. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00106-00104802-00105546 Catherine Morse: Both of those things could be of interest. So we can get precincts level election results here +y1i9-UlD8kk-00107-00105870-00106071 Catherine Morse: for the last couple of elections. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00108-00107786-00109259 Catherine Morse: Okay. So if the research question is really about finding data about people's attitudes or voter demographics or polling, then we can turn to some different resources. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00109-00109385-00110814 Catherine Morse: There are these long running studies of voter attitudes and voter behaviors and one of them is the American National Elections Study that has been running since 1948. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00110-00111246-00112191 Catherine Morse: If your institution is an ICPSR member you can access their data through ICPSR if you want, or you can access it from their website. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00111-00112358-00112866 Catherine Morse: You can download a cumulative file that has all the data from 1948 +y1i9-UlD8kk-00112-00112971-00113247 Catherine Morse: to the more recent data or you can do it year by here. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00113-00113391-00114075 Catherine Morse: And they ask questions of their panel things like: +y1i9-UlD8kk-00114-00114195-00114738 Catherine Morse: How much faith do you have an institution? How do you feel about the news? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00115-00114954-00115736 Catherine Morse: How often do you go to church? All sorts of questions. So if the researcher is trying to +y1i9-UlD8kk-00116-00115866-00117192 Catherine Morse: do some research into how people with different kinds of beliefs or different kinds of backgrounds might feel about voting or about a party, this would be a good place to go. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00117-00117768-00117867 Charmaine Henriques: Okay. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00118-00118218-00119601 Catherine Morse: Exit poll data is really important since when you go to vote and you fill out your ballot you're not actually providing any kind of demographic information about yourself. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00119-00119643-00120686 Catherine Morse: Exit polls are one way that we can make those conclusions that this is the candidate that young people voted for or, this is the candidate that women voted for. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00120-00120801-00121440 Catherine Morse: So the Roper Public Opinion Poll Archive is a great place to go for exit poll data. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00121-00121575-00121743 Catherine Morse: Here we are looking at +y1i9-UlD8kk-00122-00121872-00122250 Catherine Morse: a page from their Elections and Presidents page +y1i9-UlD8kk-00123-00122355-00122783 Catherine Morse: Comparing Carter and Mondale with Ford and Dole. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00124-00123600-00124614 Catherine Morse: And some other places, you can go to get polling data would be the Pew Research Center they have a lot of +y1i9-UlD8kk-00125-00124743-00125111 Catherine Morse: interesting stuff about voters and about +y1i9-UlD8kk-00126-00125271-00125955 Catherine Morse: how likely they are to vote, what turnout was, what they feel strongly about. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00127-00126069-00126744 Catherine Morse: And Gallup is another organization that that does a lot of polling in this area, especially about +y1i9-UlD8kk-00128-00126852-00128550 Catherine Morse: attitudes about politics. Questions like "What is the most important issue of the day?" and "Do you think the country is going in the right direction?", "Do you think the economy is going in the right direction?" These are the kinds of polls that we hear about in the news a lot. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00129-00128793-00128928 Catherine Morse: Gallup does those. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00130-00129375-00130203 Catherine Morse: Okay, if a part of the research question is finding data about voter participation +y1i9-UlD8kk-00131-00130347-00131430 Catherine Morse: here are some sites, you can turn to. The United States Elections Project has voter turnout and voter demographics. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00132-00131700-00131790 Catherine Morse: This is what +y1i9-UlD8kk-00133-00131952-00132126 Catherine Morse: that website looks like. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00134-00132393-00132969 Catherine Morse: They have national turnout rates from 1787 to 2018. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00135-00134178-00134997 Catherine Morse: The Census Bureau is another place you can go to get some voting and registration data as well. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00136-00135462-00136344 Catherine Morse: I know a lot of us work on college campuses so I wanted to be sure to include this study, because I think it's really interesting. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00137-00136491-00137760 Catherine Morse: If you have ever wondered what it's like on your own college campus in terms of how how active are students with voting, this study the National Study of Learning Voting and Engagement +y1i9-UlD8kk-00138-00137883-00138672 Catherine Morse: tracks voting on college campuses. This is a screenshot of the executive summary from the 2020 report. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00139-00138831-00140397 Catherine Morse: They found that students were very motivated, there was unprecedented turnout. They had a higher voting yield than in the 2016 election. They also found that younger college students were +y1i9-UlD8kk-00140-00140499-00141483 Catherine Morse: more active with voting than an older college students. I thought that was quite interesting. If your institution is a member +y1i9-UlD8kk-00141-00141531-00143718 Catherine Morse: of this study, a participant in this study, then there might be somebody at your institution that gets a report specifically tailored to your institution. We had a big initiative on our campus in 2020. We had a whole theme semester devoted to democracy and elections. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00142-00143847-00144057 Catherine Morse: We have a student engagement Center +y1i9-UlD8kk-00143-00144201-00145176 Catherine Morse: that was leading a lot of these efforts and the library worked with them and we thought about you know different different ways we could collaborate. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00144-00145317-00145377 Catherine Morse: and +y1i9-UlD8kk-00145-00145491-00146457 Catherine Morse: And I know that the our Student Engagement Center is the liaison for the University Michigan in this study and so +y1i9-UlD8kk-00146-00146622-00148008 Catherine Morse: After the 2020 election was over, I reached out to the Student Engagement Center and I said hey do we have the report yet? and they sent it to me. It was really interesting to see. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00147-00148146-00148494 Catherine Morse: You know it felt really great to read, because I saw how +y1i9-UlD8kk-00148-00148665-00149181 Catherine Morse: participation on our campus had increased over previous elections, and that was +y1i9-UlD8kk-00149-00149304-00149454 Catherine Morse: really nice to see. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00150-00149781-00149841 Catherine Morse: Alright. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00151-00150141-00150738 Catherine Morse: So I think I am close to the end of my time, but I just wanted to say that my +y1i9-UlD8kk-00152-00150849-00152565 Catherine Morse: tip that I really recommend is to look for LibGuides or the way other libraries have put together LibGuides for elections. One of the LibGuides that I use a great deal is Jeremy's elections LibGuide. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00153-00152622-00153954 Catherine Morse: So this is for the Princeton Library voting and elections research guide and I really appreciate how it is organized by the geography of data you might be looking at. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00154-00154005-00154881 Catherine Morse: So that is my That is my tip for you all, if all else fails look for someone's LibGuide and, hopefully, you can find it that way. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00155-00155088-00155535 Catherine Morse: All right, thank you I'm going to stop sharing now and hand it over to you, Jeremy. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00156-00156279-00156777 Jeremy Darrington: All right, let me unmute myself and share my screen here. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00157-00157653-00158049 Jeremy Darrington: All right, can you guys see my slides here? Awesome. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00158-00158175-00158256 Jeremy Darrington: Alright, so. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00159-00158370-00159744 Jeremy Darrington: That was a great presentation from Catherine and you're going to see some clear overlap in the strategies we use, because these are tried and true strategies for for finding elections data and I'm going to try to go through this quickly. Obviously this is going to be +y1i9-UlD8kk-00160-00159885-00160545 Jeremy Darrington: a little bit challenging to do. You know the big challenge with foreign election data international elections is +y1i9-UlD8kk-00161-00160590-00161133 Jeremy Darrington: just the diversity of stuff that's out there, right? A lot of the stuff that Catherine mentioned in terms of +y1i9-UlD8kk-00162-00161220-00162099 Jeremy Darrington: the challenges of trying to find election data is just exacerbated by dealing with stuff outside of the United States. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00163-00162135-00162564 Jeremy Darrington: I often point out when I talk about US elections to people the challenge that federalism brings +y1i9-UlD8kk-00164-00162597-00163641 Jeremy Darrington: in terms of trying to find data everything from decentralized election administration, you know the county or other levels, the great divergence in laws, regulations reporting requirements, etc. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00165-00163818-00164892 Jeremy Darrington: Difficulties are in lining up boundaries to the things that people actually want to find. All that is like present except for maybe the decentralized elections administration part in most countries is not so bad, but. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00166-00164958-00165678 Jeremy Darrington: It's just kind of amped up on steroids, when you deal with foreign elections and makes life a lot harder to deal with. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00167-00165822-00166710 Jeremy Darrington: So then, you get to throw in language barriers, right? Which is just going to make all this much more challenging. And one of the +y1i9-UlD8kk-00168-00166812-00168072 Jeremy Darrington: things that comes up is, one of the big challenges, has to do with just the complexity of electoral systems. At least in the United States we're dealing mostly with one typical election system, one +y1i9-UlD8kk-00169-00168183-00169092 Jeremy Darrington: way of governing voting and the allocation of votes. But you know, there are quite a few different types of electoral systems out there in the world. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00170-00169188-00169935 Jeremy Darrington: And the way to really think about this is, well I'll show you a slide in a minute that outlines what some of these look like, but you really want to think about these in terms of sort of a +y1i9-UlD8kk-00171-00169968-00170856 Jeremy Darrington: continuum of how proportional elections are and that's how well the votes that people cast actually translate into seats for parties that they favor. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00172-00170907-00171708 Jeremy Darrington: And related to that is what we call the level of wasted votes, which is how many votes people cast for parties that don't win any seats in the legislature. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00173-00171804-00172383 Jeremy Darrington: And so, if you have a non proportional system like a typical sort of plurality first pass the post system. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00174-00172419-00173424 Jeremy Darrington: If you have two parties in a single seat district and you vote for your party and 48% of people vote for your party and 52% of people vote for the other party in that district. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00175-00173481-00174150 Jeremy Darrington: Well 48% of the people don't get anything out of their vote, they don't get a party that they care about, a candidate they care about, right? So +y1i9-UlD8kk-00176-00174279-00175107 Jeremy Darrington: different systems have different methods for making those votes be a bit more proportional in terms of translating into actual party support in a legislature. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00177-00175221-00176535 Jeremy Darrington: Now there are other things that play into this and a big one is district magnitude. This is something that's really different than the United States generally, right? Is that in lots of systems, many countries have a parliamentary system. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00178-00176637-00177045 Jeremy Darrington: And in most of those systems outside United States many districts +y1i9-UlD8kk-00179-00177117-00178104 Jeremy Darrington: have more than one seat available in a particular district. So you might have a particular sort of legislative district, and it might award two seats, it might award four seats, +y1i9-UlD8kk-00180-00178200-00179517 Jeremy Darrington: it just depends on the system. So that's going to have an impact on the party support that ends up getting seats in a particular legislative district or legislature at a particular point in time. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00181-00179625-00180411 Jeremy Darrington: Other things that matter are the way the seats are allocated. So when you have a proportional system, you can have different methods for deciding +y1i9-UlD8kk-00182-00180447-00181002 Jeremy Darrington: what percentage of votes at what particular stage in the allocation translates into seats. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00183-00181041-00181386 Jeremy Darrington: That's a little complicated. I'm not going to go into it, but just know there are different methods +y1i9-UlD8kk-00184-00181431-00183048 Jeremy Darrington: for doing that. They can have implications for how many votes translate into seats and how proportional the outcome ends up being. And then because proportional representation means that you're likely to have many more parties represented in your legislature or parliament, +y1i9-UlD8kk-00185-00183162-00183675 Jeremy Darrington: many countries will impose some kind of minimum threshold. So you have to get like 2% of votes for your party +y1i9-UlD8kk-00186-00183720-00184281 Jeremy Darrington: in order to get seats allocated, or maybe 5%. In some places it's really high, like 10%, +y1i9-UlD8kk-00187-00184350-00185040 Jeremy Darrington: which has the effect of reducing fragmentation in terms of how many parties are represented, so you don't end up with like 20 parties in your legislature. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00188-00185130-00186087 Jeremy Darrington: But it then means that you're going to have more wasted votes. Because some people may vote for a party that doesn't pass the threshold they don't get represented in the legislature at all. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00189-00186186-00186672 Jeremy Darrington: A visual cue of what that looks like when you look at electoral systems. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00190-00186729-00187455 Jeremy Darrington: This is is comes from the ACE Electoral Knowledge Project. It's a super great source. I'll show you a bit more about this in a minute. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00191-00187503-00187848 Jeremy Darrington: This is a nice little diagram just to show kind of the complexity involved here that +y1i9-UlD8kk-00192-00187872-00189030 Jeremy Darrington: running from the least proportional systems, these kind of plurality, First-past-the-post, this is typically what we're familiar with an Anglo American elections, you know, whoever wins the most votes in that single seat district wins. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00193-00189138-00189975 Jeremy Darrington: To much more proportional kinds of versions and many things in between all sorts of varieties, for how this is done. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00194-00190158-00191205 Jeremy Darrington: And I'll just as a side note mention that electoral systems terminology is super confusing. It's very jargon-y, it can be really confusing to talk about. Even experts in this area in English +y1i9-UlD8kk-00195-00191238-00192621 Jeremy Darrington: are often confusing each other, because some of the terminology is not super clear. There's a great piece in a recent Oxford handbook on electoral systems that makes a whole argument about terminology. It lays out some of the terminology and +y1i9-UlD8kk-00196-00192729-00194013 Jeremy Darrington: talks about some ways of thinking about , maybe coming up with some better terminology. But the problem is, of course, that a lot of these things have a long, long history and it's hard sometimes to dislodge the jargon once it's already there. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00197-00194304-00194841 Jeremy Darrington: Alright, so this is going to look really familiar from Catherine's presentation, because the kinds of questions that I ask +y1i9-UlD8kk-00198-00194922-00195360 Jeremy Darrington: are the same kinds of questions that she was mentioning. First, what kind of election, are we dealing with? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00199-00195411-00196401 Jeremy Darrington: Is it parliamentary or are we talking presidential elections? That's a big difference. Most countries, especially in Europe, +y1i9-UlD8kk-00200-00196482-00197298 Jeremy Darrington: have parliamentary systems that's the seat of both legislative and executive power. Some places are hybrid have both a parliament and a president. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00201-00197400-00197904 Jeremy Darrington: The level of power differential between those two can vary a lot between different systems. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00202-00198051-00198873 Jeremy Darrington: Also, you have different regional things so sometimes there are regional bodies that may be of interest to people or local municipal elections like Catherine mentioned. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00203-00198903-00199878 Jeremy Darrington: There can also be super national institutions, like the European Parliament which I'm not really going to talk about but add sort of an additional layer of complexity. Probably more relevant, though, +y1i9-UlD8kk-00204-00200007-00200745 Jeremy Darrington: is also to think about what kinds of results people are looking at. I'm only talking about election results here. Like Catherine mentioned, there are lots of other things related to elections. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00205-00200775-00201561 Jeremy Darrington: But I'm not going to get into related to public opinion and other kinds of data. Even just here in terms of election results, +y1i9-UlD8kk-00206-00201621-00201981 Jeremy Darrington: often people think, well, I just want party votes, I just want total votes. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00207-00202071-00203178 Jeremy Darrington: But you may also be interested, not just in in party votes, but maybe people are just mostly interested in party vote shares like what percentage of the vote did particular parties win. That might be a better indication of +y1i9-UlD8kk-00208-00203214-00203724 Jeremy Darrington: broad support, and cleavages in a particular country than just total votes. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00209-00203838-00204417 Jeremy Darrington: But you may also want to know, how did those things translate into seat and control and the act of power in the actual legislature. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00210-00204480-00205962 Jeremy Darrington: So you might look for seat totals by party, you might look for seat shares, like the percentage of sheets that have seats that was a tongue twister that a particular party wins in a legislature. Those are all different things and they will be reported somewhat differently. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00211-00206067-00206688 Jeremy Darrington: Geographic level matters a lot. Are you looking just at the national level, are you interested in the constituency or the district? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00212-00206886-00208046 Jeremy Darrington: Are you interested in breakdowns by sub-national jurisdictions below the constituency? And those are all things to take into consideration. And then, of course, what time period. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00213-00208169-00208719 Jeremy Darrington: I'll just make a note that it's hard enough sometimes to find good election data for some countries +y1i9-UlD8kk-00214-00208796-00209607 Jeremy Darrington: even for the current stuff and going back in time can be really, really difficult sometimes impossible even for well established democracies. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00215-00209703-00210402 Jeremy Darrington: Thinking here like United States-- like Catherine mentioned, we have lots of great data but there's lots of stuff that's just it wasn't preserved. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00216-00210510-00210891 Jeremy Darrington: But even other places, I was working on a question recently for somebody who's interested in +y1i9-UlD8kk-00217-00210951-00211689 Jeremy Darrington: constituency results in France, from the late 19th century to the present. Well, turns out that +y1i9-UlD8kk-00218-00211761-00212519 Jeremy Darrington: they just weren't well documented. They weren't well preserved. There are some historical sources in France for late 19th century early 20th century that report +y1i9-UlD8kk-00219-00212559-00213384 Jeremy Darrington: actual constituency results by candidate name, but not by parties because the party system itself was not well developed and it wasn't generally reported. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00220-00213411-00214626 Jeremy Darrington: There wasn't an electoral body that did it because there are frequent changes of regime and it's not until after World War II the establishment of the fourth republican France that you really get consistent election data that that you can find. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00221-00214806-00215706 Jeremy Darrington: And then, sometimes things happen, right? Fires happen. In France is another good example. Some regional data and some sub national data +y1i9-UlD8kk-00222-00215805-00216651 Jeremy Darrington: has been lost, due to destruction in a major archive. So those kinds of things happen as well. And then, finally, what format, do you want? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00223-00216726-00217356 Jeremy Darrington: Are you just fine with a list of results that's gonna make your life a lot easier, you and your researcher. If you want machine readable format +y1i9-UlD8kk-00224-00217392-00218208 Jeremy Darrington: data there are definitely options, but you may be more limited, especially depending on countries. The developing world is often can be a lot harder. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00225-00218364-00218409 Jeremy Darrington: So. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00226-00218679-00219207 Jeremy Darrington: One other thing I will say is-- let me see if I can flip over to +y1i9-UlD8kk-00227-00219384-00219719 Jeremy Darrington: Can you see my website or my browser? now can anybody see that? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00228-00219846-00219864 Chelsea Nesvig (she/her): Yes +y1i9-UlD8kk-00229-00219933-00219960 Jeremy Darrington: Okay. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00230-00219998-00220137 Jeremy Darrington: I want to make sure we're sharing. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00231-00220296-00221010 Jeremy Darrington: I mentioned here, if you want to get details and I have a lot of these links on on my guide that I'll share. But +y1i9-UlD8kk-00232-00221091-00222009 Jeremy Darrington: this is from this electoral project, the ACE Electoral Project, that lays out the differences in electoral systems. If you want to read more about them their advantages disadvantages things like that. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00233-00222051-00222840 Jeremy Darrington: But for many elections it's also really helpful to get that context, before you go searching make sure you understand what the electoral system is and what the various +y1i9-UlD8kk-00234-00222888-00223560 Jeremy Darrington: key geographies are going to be with are called in their native languages because that's going to be important, as you go searching for that kind of data. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00235-00223683-00224265 Jeremy Darrington: And sometimes just the broader context, right? Because an important thing to keep in mind for you and your researcher, is that +y1i9-UlD8kk-00236-00224310-00224532 Jeremy Darrington: elections in lots of places are pretty shady. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00237-00224598-00225446 Jeremy Darrington: Right, and so there could be cases where there may be election data, may be available even and in a nice machine readable format, but it may be completely bogus. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00238-00225477-00226284 Jeremy Darrington: So, keeping that kind of context in mind is really helpful and there's some good sources that you can use. Obviously you can look at new sources. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00239-00226338-00227286 Jeremy Darrington: Wikipedia is always a good sort of first cut sometimes just to get a little bit of the lay of the land. But Journal of Democracy has a great section they've been tracking since the early 90s. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00240-00227388-00227996 Jeremy Darrington: You know, elections, you get this nice coverage of, just a rundown of what happened in a particular election. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00241-00228054-00228798 Jeremy Darrington: give you a better sense of context which can be sometimes really helpful to understand what was going on, what might be some of the issues or traps that might be there. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00242-00228879-00229994 Jeremy Darrington: The IFES, the International Foundation for Electoral Systems has a lot of really great information as well. They have a whole section dedicated to election FAQs or little primers. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00243-00230082-00230642 Jeremy Darrington: And these are especially useful to get a taste of what's coming up in particular elections. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00244-00230679-00231216 Jeremy Darrington: To see what's going to be at stake, they often have a little infographic that lays out key data about the election. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00245-00231252-00232271 Jeremy Darrington: It will give you a little bit of context, especially about the electoral and legal system, how voting is going to be carried out. And that can provide some useful context as well. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00246-00232389-00233058 Jeremy Darrington: So let me go back to the slides. So thinking about sources (I will keep my eye on time). +y1i9-UlD8kk-00247-00233198-00234396 Jeremy Darrington: Possible places to look for data for elections data because it's such a big world and so many countries right, this could be all over the place, I can only give you this sort of in broad brushstrokes happy to answer questions you know, to the extent that I know anything about it. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00248-00234498-00235191 Jeremy Darrington: A good place often to start, though, especially if you want comparative data is to look at some of the big academic data collections. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00249-00235302-00236337 Jeremy Darrington: Typically, these are are limited, usually to parliamentary Lower House because that's the common denominator from many forms of government across the world, and it makes it much more comparable. So you can get these +y1i9-UlD8kk-00250-00236409-00237321 Jeremy Darrington: results at individual constituency levels across lots of parliament's at one time. A good example of that is the CLEA data set. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00251-00237588-00238059 Jeremy Darrington: This is a big project spin around constituency level elections archive. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00252-00238209-00239139 Jeremy Darrington: They actually have some Upper Chamber stuff but not not nearly as much as the Lower Chamber stuff is kind of the primary source of data in here,because it's the primary source of government for many countries. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00253-00239187-00240153 Jeremy Darrington: You can see the different countries that are covered in here. It's quite a few countries. You get a layout of where they go, some places go back quite far in time historically. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00254-00240219-00240963 Jeremy Darrington: But typically you're looking at after the post war or mid 70s, for many countries that are newer democracies. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00255-00241116-00241809 Jeremy Darrington: You can download this all it's all in data set format and likes data format or other kinds of forums, but you also, if you just want to get a spreadsheet of +y1i9-UlD8kk-00256-00241844-00242559 Jeremy Darrington: One or a couple of elections, you can go in and have this subsetting tool that will let you filter down by country and by time period. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00257-00242598-00243813 Jeremy Darrington: And choose just the election sets that you want, which is pretty nice. That's a nice place to start, if you want broad coverage of lots of countries in a comparable sort of Nice tidy data format. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00258-00243939-00244332 Jeremy Darrington: Now for many places, depending on what you want you're going to need to go beyond that. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00259-00244500-00245136 Jeremy Darrington: And the best place to start, and this was Catherine mentioned like the United States if you go down to the state level. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00260-00245198-00246366 Jeremy Darrington: Same thing here at the country level you're often going to want to look for the official Electoral Commission, which has the responsibility for conducting elections and or reporting election data. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00261-00246507-00247332 Jeremy Darrington: Not every country has one of these, but in contrast to the United States, many countries do have one that cover elections across the entire country which makes life, a little bit easier. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00262-00247413-00248192 Jeremy Darrington: Sometimes another source to look at are government open data sites can be also useful places and I'll show you a couple examples of these. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00263-00248232-00248850 Jeremy Darrington: So just as an example of two electoral commissions, here is one for Australia, they do a really nice job with their elections +y1i9-UlD8kk-00264-00248883-00250173 Jeremy Darrington: and making their election data available. It's just nicely laid out here. You can browse back by time period, and they have all their data available, it's all available in spreadsheets. It's really nice to be able to download it all in one go. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00265-00250319-00251151 Jeremy Darrington: This is a little bit more typical if you're dealing with elections in other countries, that you'll find often they're really good sites especially European countries, obviously, the more developed world. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00266-00251250-00251910 Jeremy Darrington: But they'll be all in the native language, sometimes in some countries they'll have an English language version so it's worth +y1i9-UlD8kk-00267-00251948-00252966 Jeremy Darrington: browsing around but very often the English language version of a government site from other countries is going to be bare bones and won't have all the detailed data that you want. Sometimes you have to just +y1i9-UlD8kk-00268-00253044-00253692 Jeremy Darrington: go through the native language interface, and you know, Google translate will be your friend here to kind of like kludge your way through this. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00269-00253752-00254712 Jeremy Darrington: But you can usually get to the the general area, you need to go and often they have these nice little interactive features, you can visualize data. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00270-00254781-00255648 Jeremy Darrington: But often they have the data just all directly downloadable on some of the better sites, like this one from Germany, you can even get it down here at the individual +y1i9-UlD8kk-00271-00255756-00256056 Jeremy Darrington: region level or province level here in Germany. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00272-00256239-00257256 Jeremy Darrington: Another thing too I'll just mention is this is from Puerto Rico actually, that many places, will have sort of a dedicated if you look at the URL up here. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00273-00257310-00257790 Jeremy Darrington: You can actually link to this from the Election Commission, but when you get into individual elections, they have their own. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00274-00257819-00258708 Jeremy Darrington: sort of unique URL that's dedicated just to a particular election and so that's not uncommon for many different countries if they just set up us a unique website that just +y1i9-UlD8kk-00275-00258753-00259338 Jeremy Darrington: prior to the election will have information about how to register and how to vote for this upcoming election and and have news and data. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00276-00259380-00260004 Jeremy Darrington: News and analysis about what's coming up, and then, after the election they'll actually report the results here, and you can +y1i9-UlD8kk-00277-00260037-00260973 Jeremy Darrington: go through and drill down to whatever level of information they provide. This one, you know being Puerto Rico it's nice because it has it both in Spanish and English versions. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00278-00261165-00261738 Jeremy Darrington: Now, on the open government like I mentioned, even if you can find the data +y1i9-UlD8kk-00279-00261798-00262896 Jeremy Darrington: election by election sometimes these open government sites in some places like France has a really nice open government data site that has a ton of data about elections here that's all pulled together into a nice machine readable format. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00280-00262998-00264411 Jeremy Darrington: And a lot of this goes back a fair way in time, and so you can browse through things like that so sometimes that's a good place to look for as well if you're not finding a major electoral body that presented in a nice data format that's a place to look. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00281-00264579-00265674 Jeremy Darrington: And other places to look on, especially in the machine readable form is independent research centers in a particular country or social science data archives or country statistical agencies. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00282-00265818-00266532 Jeremy Darrington: These can be really, really helpful. As an example, here's the UK data archive. They do a great job on a lot of stuff +y1i9-UlD8kk-00283-00266565-00267666 Jeremy Darrington: snd they have a whole section related just to elections in these election data sets that have been compiled often by researchers, over time. Do sometimes, especially when you look at historical data that can be useful. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00284-00267813-00268170 Jeremy Darrington: Here's an example of a statistical website from Statistics Norway. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00285-00268266-00269109 Jeremy Darrington: which you know we we love our Scandinavian friends, especially they have such great social science data archives and statistical agencies, they put some amazing stuff up. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00286-00269148-00270132 Jeremy Darrington: And this has got this great table it's got all this historical data, you can go and filter your table by exactly what you want, and get it in a nice data format download it, which is super cool. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00287-00270252-00271173 Jeremy Darrington: Other places, especially in developing world is it's hard to come by and often the government websites if they exist won't have any useful information or they'll be broken. That's super common. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00288-00271257-00272076 Jeremy Darrington: So here's an example, this one is this is actually a research center out of a university in India, and this is not uncommon when you're dealing with +y1i9-UlD8kk-00289-00272151-00273165 Jeremy Darrington: election stuff to run into some weird problem you're like 'what on earth is this?' Fortunately, this one that's just like a weird sort of Linux error or something and the actual site works, most of the time. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00290-00273279-00274032 Jeremy Darrington: And so, this is an independent center that has pulled together a lot of elections data going back in time for the +y1i9-UlD8kk-00291-00274167-00274275 Jeremy Darrington: The Lok Sabha +y1i9-UlD8kk-00292-00274395-00275169 Jeremy Darrington: the national parliament in India going back over time, which otherwise has been really, really hard to find for India, so this is, this is a great source. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00293-00275325-00275724 Jeremy Darrington: Other sources that you can look at: don't discount Wikipedia, right? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00294-00275829-00276507 Jeremy Darrington: it's amazing like i'm always surprised at what's in Wikipedia but you know it's particularly useful. I don't ever use it +y1i9-UlD8kk-00295-00276567-00277314 Jeremy Darrington: for the most part for actually getting election data, but I use it, especially, as you know, most of you probably want to do defined data that +y1i9-UlD8kk-00296-00277401-00278523 Jeremy Darrington: you can find official sources. So looking at tables of sources in here and saying Okay, where can I go to find the actual reports and see was there some kind of an official report +y1i9-UlD8kk-00297-00278556-00279558 Jeremy Darrington: or website listed here, where I can actually drill down and get the data in machine readable format. And so these are super great they're also great for finding sometimes these random one off +y1i9-UlD8kk-00298-00279663-00280308 Jeremy Darrington: monographs that were published on a particular election, especially historical that you can leverage for for additional data. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00299-00280596-00281385 Jeremy Darrington: Now outside of those major sources sometimes new sites are going to be your best bet and, especially, many countries. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00300-00281460-00282177 Jeremy Darrington: These often just be at the national level, sometimes they've got nice visualizations for major countries that you can drill down into. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00301-00282231-00282876 Jeremy Darrington: Some of those are the best you're going to do is just to get results in a list format and it won't be machine readable data. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00302-00282951-00284166 Jeremy Darrington: The very best sites are going to look like this one from Ireland, nice visualizations you can drill down at any of these little constituencies and zoom's you in and you can get all the data down here and see the individual candidates, all this is super cool. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00303-00284337-00284985 Jeremy Darrington: So those are they are true even for many developing countries sometimes those will be your best bet in terms of finding that data. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00304-00285099-00285261 Jeremy Darrington: Other types of places, you can go. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00305-00285390-00286644 Jeremy Darrington: Are sort of like hobbyist sites. There are lots of people that are super interested in the elections, especially for particular individual countries that may be your best your bet just do a bunch of searching online, so you find somebody who's maybe been compiling this. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00306-00286749-00287505 Jeremy Darrington: As an example, Adam Carr has been doing this, a long time, and he actually covers stuff across the world, you know. This is not machine readable data, +y1i9-UlD8kk-00307-00287598-00289161 Jeremy Darrington: and usually sits at the national level. Some countries have sub-national stuff but you know there's a ton of stuff in here, and you know you can see, often he has these cool maps, even if you don't get the individual sort of like data. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00308-00289302-00289479 Jeremy Darrington: I went into the map section I didn't mean to do that. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00309-00289635-00290241 Jeremy Darrington: But if you go into the listing here, you can see, the countries that are covered, which country and elections that he covers. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00310-00290286-00291147 Jeremy Darrington: This can be particularly useful for presidential elections. I haven't really talked much about that. Presidential elections are actually a little bit harder to find in general in terms of +y1i9-UlD8kk-00311-00291228-00292161 Jeremy Darrington: the reporting and that's because often many less democratic countries across the world, tend to have presidential systems, and so they haven't been as forthcoming with posting their data. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00312-00292323-00292620 Jeremy Darrington: But you know lots of great sources in here that you can use. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00313-00292827-00293487 Jeremy Darrington: And then the final thing I'll just mention is looking for reference works on elections, and I know I've probably like blown way past my time. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00314-00293682-00294690 Jeremy Darrington: It just to say there are lots of election sources that sometimes you can look at. The last one I'll finish with here is on Dieter Nohlen. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00315-00294753-00295344 Jeremy Darrington: have put together to this really fabulous selection of these massive reference works there like 1000 or 2000 pages long. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00316-00295386-00296571 Jeremy Darrington: Covering election data from different countries all around the world and it took like 20 years to publish these and so it's a super great source, you know if you have them at your library, if you don't I recommend going out buying a copy if you can afford it. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00317-00296685-00297672 Jeremy Darrington: If they're still in print, because these are pretty amazing for many countries will be offering your best bet for both context and data. I know I just realized that I blew way past my time so I'm going to stop. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00318-00297897-00298887 Larry Eames: Well, thank you both very much for sharing your expertise, I know I had my camera off, but I actually went bug eyed at like a couple of these resources, like oh my God that's perfect that's exactly what I've always needed! +y1i9-UlD8kk-00319-00298926-00299361 Larry Eames: And we're seeing a lot of love, especially for Adam Carr and for Wikipedia in the chat and. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00320-00299382-00300291 Larry Eames: Something that I always love about these webinars is the audience is also sharing resources in the chat so if folks are interested in some of those those links are there and. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00321-00300321-00301770 Larry Eames: I'll open things up with a question of Lauris asked that I think was inspired by your presentation Jeremy, but might be more for Catherine. Does Texas still have multiple seat statehouse districts? Apparently, they did in the mid century. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00322-00301905-00302535 Catherine Morse: That really surprised me, I was not aware of that, so I would open it up to anyone, please chime in. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00323-00302679-00303210 Catherine Morse: anybody else is probably more of an expert on Texas legislature than I am. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00324-00303345-00305493 Catherine Morse: I went over to the to the House of Representatives and was looking through their resources and it looks to me like it's one person representing a district, but um yeah I did, that was a really interesting thing I mean that's that's that really that that blows my mind so yeah. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00325-00305496-00306486 Jeremy Darrington: yeah I don't know. I'd have to go research it like Catherine was saying, I don't know mostly like I mentioned, you know, the United States is mostly first past the post kind of system. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00326-00306558-00307278 Jeremy Darrington: But there is increasingly starting to be like different places in the United States that are experimenting with new forms like. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00327-00307305-00307974 Jeremy Darrington: A good example, maybe the most prominent one in recent times in New York city's recent mayoral election, which is ranked choice voting right for the first time, right? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00328-00308070-00308892 Jeremy Darrington: Different places municipalities big cities have been more likely to go that route, over time, I think, San Francisco has done this in the past, or some other places. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00329-00308940-00309750 Jeremy Darrington: Interestingly, you know the Constitution allows states to set the times and determinations for voting in their jurisdiction so actually I think its Maine in the +y1i9-UlD8kk-00330-00309780-00310206 Jeremy Darrington: last couple of years has been experimenting with ranked choice voting in their Congressional district. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00331-00310248-00310899 Jeremy Darrington: which is super interesting, right? But that's pretty different than what we're used to other places. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00332-00310941-00311760 Jeremy Darrington: And so it's really interesting to see that kind of laboratory of democracy happening at the State level, and hopefully more that's going to happen over time, because I think there's a lot of sense that, like. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00333-00311799-00312213 Jeremy Darrington: You know, we need to play around some different systems in the United States and see if we can come up some better outcomes. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00334-00312276-00313356 Larry Eames: yeah absolutely. And Chelsea's noting in the chat that the potential for ranked choice voting there's potential for ranked choice voting in Washington state which, and I moved from Washington and they make a cool change like that. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00335-00313524-00314694 Larry Eames: So I'll you know comment again that chat is open, Q and A is open for folks to participate and ask some questions but I'll ask one of my own to kind of keep the conversation going. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00336-00314742-00315519 Larry Eames: I am always kind of curious to ask like what are people's weirdest questions that they've asked and that kind of extends to +y1i9-UlD8kk-00337-00315549-00317049 Larry Eames: a question that I also like to ask, which is what's like a sleeper source that you love to refer people to that maybe you mentioned in your presentation, maybe you didn't but like your sort of favorite thing to be like Oh, I am so excited that I get to recommend this to you? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00338-00317484-00318528 Catherine Morse: Well, one thing I thought of in this was suggested in the chat as well by Christopher is the David Leip data. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00339-00318585-00319353 Catherine Morse: And that was one of the things I felt like I couldn't include because of time, but I'm really glad he mentioned it, because it is a great source +y1i9-UlD8kk-00340-00319392-00320322 Catherine Morse: for data and he includes the link there in the chat as well if you aren't familiar with it, one thing that's really striking about it is that Liep +y1i9-UlD8kk-00341-00320427-00321624 Catherine Morse: doesn't use the doesn't use red and blue the way that we've all become uese to seeing it. Where red means Republican and blue means Democrat he uses it the other way, so. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00342-00321684-00322578 Catherine Morse: If you're working with a student there's just that, like initial shock, but then you know you can adjust and he's got this whole explanation of why he likes it that way. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00343-00322737-00323532 Jeremy Darrington: yeah the backstory in that I think is that, historically, he started doing those maps before that became a convention which is one of those things actually sparks an interesting conversation with their students right like. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00344-00323559-00324372 Jeremy Darrington: that's not always been the case right that, like red was republican blue is democrat right that's a recent innovation, since like you know kind of the 80s 90s, or whatever and. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00345-00324441-00324981 Jeremy Darrington: You know so it's useful to think about like we could do these different colors entirely, we could do purple and green and see how that shakes things up. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00346-00325080-00326883 Catherine Morse: yeah yeah so that that's one that I that I really like, and you know one nice thing if you purchase data from him is and you're you're able to host data locally in your library is then you have it there and it said and it's always the same, for when you go back to it. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00347-00327015-00328284 Catherine Morse: So that's that would be one that I always turn to because I know it's always going to be the same, whereas so many other interfaces change, and then you got to figure it out. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00348-00328509-00329712 Larry Eames: And sort of similarly Nadine notes that in Canada, that the colors are swapped. Always like a brief moment of like oh right for me when I'm looking at Canadian data and so. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00349-00329769-00330585 Larry Eames: I'll also kind of slide in here, because we did get a question in the chat-- I'm wondering about the timing of availability for US election data how soon +y1i9-UlD8kk-00350-00330609-00331872 Larry Eames: after elections can we usually get data? and then does that depend on state or level of election? and Does it depend on which source you consult also? which I really like all of the different elements of that Thank you Chelsea. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00351-00331932-00333231 Catherine Morse: yeah and that's such an interesting question and it's, one that would have like would have been interesting would we even be wondering this before the 2020 presidential election, which was like a whole thing. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00352-00333348-00334314 Catherine Morse: But like you know a lot of times the the States Board of elections or Secretary of State, they wait until things are like officially. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00353-00334359-00336078 Catherine Morse: Those counts are official and so whatever process that is and so remembering the news in the 2020 cycle, it takes a while before those county certify and then the state certifies and then they would post it so you can get. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00354-00336222-00336798 Catherine Morse: You know preliminary data from the news often that night before you go to bed. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00355-00336936-00337770 Catherine Morse: The night of the election, but the official results will take you know way longer depending on how long it takes your state to certify. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00356-00337929-00339138 Catherine Morse: And then, sometimes states investigate right, and so, then they they will not sometimes I guess very specifically in our most recent election, there were some states that decided to. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00357-00339252-00340131 Catherine Morse: look into it again so yeah that's a very interesting question, and when things are official and when is it done and when is it over. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00358-00340236-00341238 Jeremy Darrington: And it also matters, depending on the kind of data you're looking for right? so the time like individual constituencies or district level results those can come out fairly +y1i9-UlD8kk-00359-00341286-00342474 Jeremy Darrington: fairly fast, and you know, like even the electoral commissions themselves will often report that stuff same night like a provisional results like Catherine has mentioned and then the official reports can take weeks depending on where the state regulation deadlines are for certifying. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00360-00342576-00343485 Jeremy Darrington: But getting data that's down below the constituency level, so if you want to look at like precinct data right or other kinds of geographies that can sometimes take a long time right because. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00361-00343611-00344514 Jeremy Darrington: You know many states don't have any requirement that actually has to be reported from the counties to the state level the like the secretary state or the division of elections office is such a courtesy. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00362-00344604-00344904 Jeremy Darrington: And because the the lectures are governed at the county level. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00363-00344949-00346080 Jeremy Darrington: And so you have to go to the county website to find that official data right and that can take a long time, sometimes to produce sometimes it's never produced in like a machine readable format it just depends on how rural the county has a poor. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00364-00346158-00347580 Jeremy Darrington: How ancient it's electoral systems are with with you know, for an election, the same kind of deal, except that you know it just will depend on you know who's running the election stuff as the central election administrator you're in a better shape, then you know, in a federal system. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00365-00347733-00348780 Larry Eames: Sure, thank you and we also have a question in the Q and A from Brett. Just curious if you hear more from Grad students, undergrads or faculty with questions and how do you respond differently? +y1i9-UlD8kk-00366-00349254-00349794 Jeremy Darrington: On elections data it's all over the place, I get questions from people all around the world, actually. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00367-00349992-00350052 Jeremy Darrington: So. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00368-00350169-00351084 Jeremy Darrington: It just you know it doesn't I the level of researcher doesn't really matter, for me it depends on the research purpose right I think that's something Catherine I both mentioned right like. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00369-00351126-00351993 Jeremy Darrington: What they need is really going to depend on why they're trying to use the data or how they're trying to apply it, and so that's going to govern more of the answer than than other kinds of things. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00370-00352032-00353103 Jeremy Darrington: You know the exception that like you know, maybe a Grad student usually wants to collect data from like they'll come and say, like, I want to collect all this data from everywhere right i'll say like well you know what you might want to scale that back as I can take 15 lifetimes. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00371-00353262-00354369 Jeremy Darrington: And, and so you know it will come down to kind of a conversation about like you know what is it you're trying to compare are those things actually comparable right like we do with foreign election data that becomes way trickier. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00372-00354537-00355620 Jeremy Darrington: And, and then you know, do you need it machine readable format, you know, so your options are going to be way more limited unless you're willing to put into you know enormous amount of time to collect it and, and you know transcribe it yourself. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00373-00355812-00356892 Catherine Morse: One pattern, I see is with undergrads being more likely to think they're asking for results of you know who voted. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00374-00357003-00357942 Catherine Morse: This way in a presidential election by these other demographic indicators, like, I want to know how women voted, I want to know how. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00375-00358017-00359904 Catherine Morse: Hispanics voted, you know evangelical Christians, etc, etc, people who drive hybrid cars, like all sorts of stuff, and so I often have to have that conversation about you know well we're not looking for the results we're looking at exit polls or we're looking at some kind of. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00376-00360057-00361101 Catherine Morse: Like voter attitude, study or other things like that so that's one thing i've noticed, and I think I think, because a lot of the news reporting doesn't make it super clear. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00377-00361155-00362259 Catherine Morse: So you'll see a lot of headlines that's like this group voted this way so um yeah that's that's a moment that I, and I often take of explaining the differences between those two things. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00378-00362382-00362481 Larry Eames: Sure, thank you. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00379-00362517-00362712 Larry Eames: And I think you know we're kind of at. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00380-00362721-00362841 Larry Eames: 11:00 Mountain Time. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00381-00362844-00364251 Larry Eames: Various other top of the hours across the country Brian has given me a great way to wrap things up, thank you for the great presentation will the recording be available? and the answer is yes, this recording will be available on the Help! YouTube and on the +y1i9-UlD8kk-00382-00364374-00365472 Larry Eames: PIPPRS website, which was linked earlier. and I'm also going to take this opportunity to drop a link in the chat. PPIRS does a +y1i9-UlD8kk-00383-00365526-00366285 Larry Eames: survey at the end, so please do let us know what you thought of this webinar and we'll take that +y1i9-UlD8kk-00384-00366348-00368232 Larry Eames: into consideration as we go forward and plan future webinars. So thank you both to our presenters and to PPIRS for helping us at Help! organize all of this, it has been great to to hear from you all and to see the chat being so hopping. +y1i9-UlD8kk-00385-00368424-00368565 Larry Eames: So, have a great day, everyone. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00000-00000096-00000576 One of the most common questions I get as an HVAC contractor in Sacramento is, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00001-00000576-00001240 “Which AC systems are the best?” I see a ton of articles online about this topic - many +y2fkRnm-hzM-00002-00001240-00001728 that someone who’s not even in the HVAC industry wrote! Some compensated blog +y2fkRnm-hzM-00003-00001728-00002272 writer wrote it or gave you a list of top-rated systems. Systems they’ve never even touched. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00004-00002976-00003447 These bloggers are telling people that nationally recognized economy line systems +y2fkRnm-hzM-00005-00003447-00003679 are better than the systems that are truly going to last +y2fkRnm-hzM-00006-00003679-00003864 you a long time. THE BEST BRANDS: +y2fkRnm-hzM-00007-00003864-00004384 Short and sweet, three companies have the best reputation over several decades of manufacturing, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00008-00004496-00004752 in no particular order, they are: • Trane +y2fkRnm-hzM-00009-00004752-00004952 • Carrier • Lennox +y2fkRnm-hzM-00010-00004952-00005520 Now, when I say Trane, I also mean American Standard. And when I say Carrier, I also +y2fkRnm-hzM-00011-00005520-00006232 mean Bryant. Lennox is Lennox. But, American Standard systems are made in the same factories, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00012-00006232-00006944 on the same production lines as Trane systems. Bryant is made in the same factories, on the same +y2fkRnm-hzM-00013-00006944-00007631 assembly lines as Carrier. The difference? The tag on the side of the unit. American Standard +y2fkRnm-hzM-00014-00007631-00008216 does have a different shell around the sides of the outdoor AC unit, but that’s it. I know +y2fkRnm-hzM-00015-00008216-00008720 this because I toured the factory where they make them. I’ve seen the process. (And it’s very cool!) +y2fkRnm-hzM-00016-00008856-00009432 So, the same high voltage contactor that’s in a Carrier is in a Bryant air conditioner. The same +y2fkRnm-hzM-00017-00009432-00010048 inducer motor on a Carrier is in a Bryant furnace. But isn’t Carrier more expensive than Bryant? +y2fkRnm-hzM-00018-00010048-00010640 And isn’t Trane more expensive than American Standard? Until now, I noticed that Bryant was +y2fkRnm-hzM-00019-00010640-00011288 a little cheaper, although they were engineered exactly the same. But now, in 2021, I see a very +y2fkRnm-hzM-00020-00011288-00011840 marginal price difference—the same with American Standard and Trane. Lennox systems are priced +y2fkRnm-hzM-00021-00011840-00012384 right along with these brands as well. So if you get different prices from contractors giving you +y2fkRnm-hzM-00022-00012384-00012991 bids, it’s because of that contractor’s overhead or desired profit margins. Not because one is more +y2fkRnm-hzM-00023-00012991-00013528 expensive than the other to the contractor. Knowing this the list really looks like this, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00024-00013528-00013912 in no particular order: • Trane (or American Standard) +y2fkRnm-hzM-00025-00013912-00014296 • Carrier (or Bryant) • Lennox +y2fkRnm-hzM-00026-00014552-00014991 We sell Trane as our premium line and Coleman or Payne as our economy line. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00027-00015047-00015496 But my goal here is to try to stay as neutral as possible here so you don’t feel like I’m trying to +y2fkRnm-hzM-00028-00015496-00016040 sway you one way or the other. You’ll hear me talk about some brands being better than others, and I +y2fkRnm-hzM-00029-00016040-00016584 mean no offense to anyone or any manufacturer. But you’ve got to take this sort of advice +y2fkRnm-hzM-00030-00016584-00016912 from someone who’s installed all of them at one point or another +y2fkRnm-hzM-00031-00016912-00017400 and serviced the equipment out in the field. Before I list the rest of the systems, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00032-00017400-00017896 I want to mention air conditioning systems come fully assembled at the factory and are ready to +y2fkRnm-hzM-00033-00017896-00018472 work. However, it takes experienced technicians to modify the unit per the manufacturer’s +y2fkRnm-hzM-00034-00018472-00019032 instructions to conform to your specific home’s demands. The last steps of installing it “in the +y2fkRnm-hzM-00035-00019032-00019544 field” and adding whatever additional parts to bring it up to proper building code in your area +y2fkRnm-hzM-00036-00019544-00020040 is up to the contractor you choose. That’s an important point because buying a Trane, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00037-00020040-00020672 Carrier, or Lennox includes buying it from a professional, detail-oriented, reliable contractor +y2fkRnm-hzM-00038-00020672-00020928 https://www.foxfamilyhvac.com/air-conditioner-replacement/ that you trust and are comfortable with +y2fkRnm-hzM-00039-00020928-00021352 bringing it to life. If someone is going to install it for you, but you can’t find +y2fkRnm-hzM-00040-00021352-00021816 them after the install because they sell systems so cheap they’re out of business, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00041-00021952-00022416 or they simply won’t pick up the phone, that’s not going to help you when you need some follow-up. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00042-00022608-00023224 You can buy any system, but if the blower settings, gas pressures, static air pressures, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00043-00023224-00023832 high and low voltage wiring, fuse sizes, a precision refrigerant charge, and airflow, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00044-00023832-00024664 water drainage, gas piping, intake air, exhaust system, thermostats, and other safety codes aren’t +y2fkRnm-hzM-00045-00024664-00025168 set up correctly, you’ll find your new system not lasting nearly as long as it could have. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00046-00025280-00025688 It can be the difference of your system lasting ten years or lasting 20 years. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00047-00026288-00026656 Other brand names in the field would be considered middle-of-the-road type systems. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00048-00026712-00027327 These names, in no particular order, include: • Rheem (or sister brand Ruud) +y2fkRnm-hzM-00049-00027327-00027600 • Amana • Day & Night +y2fkRnm-hzM-00050-00027600-00027832 • Heil • Bosch +y2fkRnm-hzM-00051-00027927-00028608 Why are they mid-tier systems? As a technician, I seem to repair these systems more than the premium +y2fkRnm-hzM-00052-00028608-00029176 names. The repair parts are available just like others, and the warranties are just as +y2fkRnm-hzM-00053-00029176-00029720 strong. That’s never been a problem for me. But, it’s a fact that they break down at some of the +y2fkRnm-hzM-00054-00029720-00030639 most inopportune times. So just keep that in mind. Even more brands perennially end up at the bottom +y2fkRnm-hzM-00055-00030639-00031056 of these lists. In no particular order they are: • Goodman +y2fkRnm-hzM-00056-00031056-00031264 • Daikin • Payne +y2fkRnm-hzM-00057-00031264-00031527 • Coleman • Tempstar +y2fkRnm-hzM-00058-00031527-00031783 • RunTru • York +y2fkRnm-hzM-00059-00031880-00032280 These have the most challenging time breaking the stigma attached to them. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00060-00032352-00032896 They carry this stigma because they are the brands installed on newly built homes in middle America. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00061-00033008-00033656 HVAC contractors will only win their bid to get a large job like a new pre-planned community if +y2fkRnm-hzM-00062-00033656-00034184 they have the lowest bid. So, they have to use the cheapest equipment they can get their hands on. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00063-00034184-00034296 You can find most of these cheaper systems online. They sell to whoever will buy them. And, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00064-00034296-00034928 you’ll see the most cheapest contractors, home flippers, and DIY’ers buying this equipment and +y2fkRnm-hzM-00065-00034928-00035536 trying to install them themselves. This comes back around to it mattering WHO installs your equipment +y2fkRnm-hzM-00066-00035536-00036448 and not entirely about WHAT equipment you buy. If the brand you were thinking of isn’t on +y2fkRnm-hzM-00067-00036448-00036984 this list, it could be that here we are talking about your typical unitary or +y2fkRnm-hzM-00068-00036984-00037720 ducted split systems and package units. Names like Mitsubishi, Fujitsu, Gree, Midea, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00069-00037720-00038256 and others make ductless mini-split systems. We’ll talk about those in another discussion. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00070-00038320-00038824 All of the mid-tier and higher brands typically have three levels of systems they offer. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00071-00038824-00039160 • (Entry-level) A single-stage heating and cooling option +y2fkRnm-hzM-00072-00039216-00039768 • (High quality) A two-stage option • (Most efficient) A variable speed option +y2fkRnm-hzM-00073-00039832-00040456 The single-stage option has the simplest form of technology, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00074-00040514-00041072 is the lowest in price but the lowest in value. While they are UL Listed and safe to +y2fkRnm-hzM-00075-00041072-00041584 put in any home, lower-end models have more vulnerabilities than higher-end equipment. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00076-00041640-00042152 I can’t really say whether a Trane, Carrier or Lennox entry-level system is better than the +y2fkRnm-hzM-00077-00042152-00042648 other. The technology is the same. Heck, the compressors, which are the heart of the air +y2fkRnm-hzM-00078-00042648-00043240 conditioner, are virtually the same. I can say, for my home, I would feel a lot better +y2fkRnm-hzM-00079-00043240-00043728 installing one of these three instead of the mid-tier or lower levels. It’s not because I’m +y2fkRnm-hzM-00080-00043728-00044272 an elitist or anything. The elite products are the higher-end technology variable speed systems. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00081-00044640-00045104 Almost every part of these single-stage systems can be repaired with universal parts. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00082-00045104-00045520 Meaning you don’t necessarily have to go through the distributor to get the replacement +y2fkRnm-hzM-00083-00045520-00046096 part. Single-stage motors, compressors, control boards, pressure switches, and gas +y2fkRnm-hzM-00084-00046096-00046728 valves are everywhere and readily available. Very likely even on your technician’s van right now. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00085-00046832-00047296 Two-stage systems have better technology. They run more efficiently and control the temperature +y2fkRnm-hzM-00086-00047296-00047816 in your house without fluctuating as much. The main feature of a two-stage system is that they +y2fkRnm-hzM-00087-00047816-00048512 all typically run at around 70% capacity in the first stage and 100% capacity in the second stage. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00088-00048592-00048904 These systems will run the majority of the time in the first stage, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00089-00048904-00049232 which is where you start seeing the money savings. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00090-00049232-00049800 Two-stage systems are great for two-story homes that have two thermostats or zoning +y2fkRnm-hzM-00091-00049800-00050080 https://www.foxfamilyhvac.com/thats-not-how-zoning-works/. These systems can be set up to run in the +y2fkRnm-hzM-00092-00050080-00050584 first stage when only one floor is calling for air. The second stage will only come +y2fkRnm-hzM-00093-00050584-00051048 on when both zones are calling for air. This is how I have it set up in my house. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00094-00051232-00051584 I’ll stay with my single stage theme when I say I couldn’t pick which one +y2fkRnm-hzM-00095-00051584-00052240 is best out of the three premium names. Trane, Carrier, and Lennox are battle-tested and have +y2fkRnm-hzM-00096-00052240-00052776 been for decades in this technology. I tell people when it comes to a salesman saying, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00097-00052776-00053584 “oh, but our system is an 18 SEER, not 16 or 17 like the other brand.” I tell my customers not +y2fkRnm-hzM-00098-00053584-00054208 to get too caught up in SEER ratings and focus on the technology. Any two-stage system is going to +y2fkRnm-hzM-00099-00054208-00054832 outperform a single-stage system. The minuscule savings you’ll receive by going with an 18 SEER +y2fkRnm-hzM-00100-00054832-00055967 two-stage over a 17 SEER two-stage is trivial. Two-stage motors and compressors will have to be +y2fkRnm-hzM-00101-00055967-00056360 ordered from the warehouse near your town that distributes your brand of equipment. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00102-00056432-00057120 There aren’t a lot of universal parts available for two-stage systems. Capacitors, contactors, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00103-00057120-00057720 and some other parts are universal. But with higher-end equipment, you see safety components +y2fkRnm-hzM-00104-00057720-00058224 like special pressure switches to protect the furnace or air conditioner from damaging itself. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00105-00058352-00059128 These parts have to come from the factory. With Trane, Carrier, Lennox all the way “down +y2fkRnm-hzM-00106-00059128-00059767 to” Goodman and York, I’ve never really had a hard time getting these replacement parts. At the most, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00107-00059767-00060232 we’ve had to wait for 5 to 10 business days for the part to come directly from the manufacturer. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00108-00060304-00060744 There are always exceptions to this, but, honestly, it would be the same for any brand. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00109-00061176-00061624 When you start dipping into the most efficient tier of equipment, the variable speed systems, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00110-00061624-00062176 you’ll start seeing some noticeable differences. As a Trane dealer, it’s hard for me to say this, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00111-00062604-00063052 sweet variable speed system. They even have the first variable speed package unit +y2fkRnm-hzM-00112-00063164-00063900 Remember how two-stage systems have a 70% and 100% capacity? These are the most expensive units, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00113-00063900-00064564 with technology that is less bulletproof than two-stage technology. But, if you’re a techy or +y2fkRnm-hzM-00114-00064564-00065067 just like the premium life, variable speed stands out because of the comfort levels it can produce. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00115-00065140-00065820 Variable speed systems can adjust their capacity levels from about 25% to 100% in less than 1% +y2fkRnm-hzM-00116-00065820-00066260 intervals at a time. They maintain even lower temperature swings in the house. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00117-00066324-00066716 These systems can keep your home to within a half degree of the temperature you want it. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00118-00066900-00067348 These are the quietest systems too. Because they typically run at a slower speed, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00119-00067348-00067756 they require less energy and create less noise with less vibration. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00120-00068849-00069505 are communicating systems, and ultra-quiet. Lennox and Carrier variable speed systems work +y2fkRnm-hzM-00121-00069505-00070129 with the Amazon Alexa app. Trane doesn’t have that feature as it only works with its Nexia platform. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00122-00070225-00070705 When it comes time to repair these variable speed systems, only their proprietary parts +y2fkRnm-hzM-00123-00070705-00071265 will work. With such intricate technology comes priciness and a higher learning curve for who +y2fkRnm-hzM-00124-00071265-00071833 can actually make the repair for you. Trane, Lennox, Carrier, and other brands with variable +y2fkRnm-hzM-00125-00071833-00072441 speed lines will usually only make these parts available to respected dealers of those brands. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00126-00072505-00072881 The skill it takes to handle inverter-type systems is next level. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00127-00073057-00073657 When it comes to deciding which AC systems are the best, you have three systems perennially +y2fkRnm-hzM-00128-00073657-00074225 at the top of the list. Trane, Carrier, and Lennox. While each of their single-stage and +y2fkRnm-hzM-00129-00074225-00074777 two-stage systems pretty much have the same capabilities, efficiencies, and life spans, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00130-00074777-00075201 it’s the higher-tier variable speed systems where you’ll start seeing the differences. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00131-00075281-00075801 Lennox has pulled away from the field by offering 28 SEER variable speed systems. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00132-00075905-00076297 When you start looking for a vehicle, you pretty much have a brand name in mind. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00133-00076297-00076681 You might get a higher or lower-end model with fewer bells and whistles, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00134-00076681-00077145 but maybe you’ve always felt comfortable driving a GMC truck over a Toyota truck. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00135-00077217-00077609 Let me know what you think about this in the comments below? I see a ton of articles +y2fkRnm-hzM-00136-00077609-00078265 online about this topic - many that someone who isn’t even in the HVAC industry wrote. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00137-00078265-00078680 Some paid blog writer wrote it. You’ve got to take it from someone who actually installs them +y2fkRnm-hzM-00138-00078680-00079177 and services the equipment out in the field. If this is your first time watching our videos, +y2fkRnm-hzM-00139-00079177-00079489 please click subscribe down here on the bottom right, and if you click that little +y2fkRnm-hzM-00140-00079489-00079817 bell next to it, you’ll be notified of all our videos as they come out. +y2fkRnm-hzM-00141-00079873-00080097 Thanks so much for watching, and we’ll see you on the next video. +y2uu761idXo-00000-00000268-00000569 Before the pandemic arrived, +y2uu761idXo-00001-00000572-00000873 our hotel occupancy was very high +y2uu761idXo-00002-00000905-00001334 especially December and Chinese New Year. +y2uu761idXo-00003-00001350-00001599 But when the pandemic came, +y2uu761idXo-00004-00001601-00001893 and I heared the news from my brother, +y2uu761idXo-00005-00001896-00002294 "It's lock down, sister. It's lock down, you have to go, +y2uu761idXo-00006-00002320-00002484 and close the hotel." +y2uu761idXo-00007-00003202-00003727 I called up my team leaders and supervisor and annouced that, +y2uu761idXo-00008-00003729-00004098 “This is a day to close down.” +y2uu761idXo-00009-00004100-00004379 Of course everyone was scared +y2uu761idXo-00010-00004381-00004857 and it was hard for me to decide because Covid was there +y2uu761idXo-00011-00004863-00005159 and I want them to be safe. +y2uu761idXo-00012-00005161-00005534 I told them, "As long as I am here, do not be afraid." +y2uu761idXo-00013-00005537-00006006 As long as the Lord was with us, they didn't have to be afraid +y2uu761idXo-00014-00006011-00006208 and one day we would be back. +y2uu761idXo-00015-00006751-00007106 When they already left and went back to their homes, +y2uu761idXo-00016-00007109-00007313 I stayed in the hotel for a while +y2uu761idXo-00017-00007315-00007602 and checked everything before I went home. +y2uu761idXo-00018-00007605-00007913 I was the last person to stay here. +y2uu761idXo-00019-00008117-00008406 The first two months of the pandemic, we gave aid to our staff. +y2uu761idXo-00020-00008408-00008753 I talked to the chairman and we gave groceries to our staff. +y2uu761idXo-00021-00008756-00008907 They are very happy. +y2uu761idXo-00022-00008910-00009294 Even when the hotel didn't have income yet. +y2uu761idXo-00023-00009300-00009581 During the pandemic there was no work. +y2uu761idXo-00024-00009587-00010314 The pandemic brought us fear especially to my staff. +y2uu761idXo-00025-00010322-00010538 My staff asked me one day, +y2uu761idXo-00026-00010541-00010996 “Ma’am Rose, are you going to open Dela Chambre again?” +y2uu761idXo-00027-00011561-00011953 The reason why I was strong for them +y2uu761idXo-00028-00011966-00012281 is because I should be a good leader +y2uu761idXo-00029-00012294-00012515 who protects my staff. +y2uu761idXo-00030-00012537-00012747 The reason why I am that way, +y2uu761idXo-00031-00012758-00012917 is because I have the Lord. +y2uu761idXo-00032-00012925-00013353 I remember my Bible verse in Isaiah, +y2uu761idXo-00033-00013357-00013689 "God said, so do not fear. +y2uu761idXo-00034-00013697-00013859 I will be with you, +y2uu761idXo-00035-00013882-00014045 do not dismay, +y2uu761idXo-00036-00014047-00014247 I am your Lord. +y2uu761idXo-00037-00014277-00014595 I will give you strength and help you, +y2uu761idXo-00038-00014598-00015144 and I will uphold you in the right hand of my righteousness." +y2uu761idXo-00039-00015146-00015387 That was always on my mind. +y2uu761idXo-00040-00015389-00015494 I had to be strong +y2uu761idXo-00041-00015496-00015912 because there were many people who needed my help +y2uu761idXo-00042-00015920-00016553 like, my staff, (people)in my church and my family. +y2uu761idXo-00043-00016556-00016984 Now I’m happy that Dela Chambre is here and back! +y2uu761idXo-00044-00017500-00017573 That's it! +y2uu761idXo-00045-00017576-00017757 The hotel is open +y2uu761idXo-00046-00017759-00017916 and what I have now +y2uu761idXo-00047-00017921-00018167 are the staff that I had before. +y2uu761idXo-00048-00018169-00018339 They told me one day, +y2uu761idXo-00049-00018343-00018639 "We’re not leaving anyone behind, because this is family." +y2uu761idXo-00050-00018649-00019041 We are very thankful because God heard our prayer. +y2uu761idXo-00051-00019043-00019512 This is it, the hotel is open to show to every guest +y2uu761idXo-00052-00019514-00019815 that this is a Christian hotel. +y2uu761idXo-00053-00019822-00020039 This is a family hotel +y2uu761idXo-00054-00020042-00020449 and I would like them to feel that this is their second home. +y2uu761idXo-00055-00020452-00020709 Whenever they're back in Manila, +y2uu761idXo-00056-00020711-00020974 this is their second home. +y2uu761idXo-00057-00021149-00021750 What did you learn from God during the lockdown? +y3DlLAUnwhE-00000-00000006-00000369 In research we're quite often interested in theory, and in quantitative research +y3DlLAUnwhE-00001-00000369-00001119 we use numbers to either develop or justify the theory. To understand the relationship between +y3DlLAUnwhE-00002-00001119-00001746 theory and data, we need to start by thinking or defining what we mean by the term theory, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00003-00001746-00002277 and we also need to understand a little bit of philosophy to know why and how +y3DlLAUnwhE-00004-00002337-00002838 using numbers to justify theory is a justifiable way of doing research. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00005-00002838-00003828 So theory, first of all, an explanation. Theory is a statement about relationships and How, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00006-00003828-00004452 When, and Why those relationships occur. And it's different from the description, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00007-00004452-00005157 which just explains What happens without the Why question. And typically, when we +y3DlLAUnwhE-00008-00005157-00005817 write research papers, it's easy to say What happens and How. But during the justification, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00009-00005817-00006051 the 'Why' part of the theory that's the hard part. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00010-00006051-00007008 So theory, in Bacharach's presentation, is presented as levels. First, we have X, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00011-00007008-00007761 the theoretical concept here. And when we go from high-level abstraction to lower-level abstraction, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00012-00007761-00008337 we have construct, which is kind of like a more refined version of a concept according to his +y3DlLAUnwhE-00013-00008337-00008853 definition (there are multiple definitions). Then, we have some variables or events that we actually +y3DlLAUnwhE-00014-00008853-00009630 observe. Then, we have relationships, so we make claims about these theoretical concepts and their +y3DlLAUnwhE-00015-00009630-00010206 relationships; based on relationships between the observable variables. Then, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00016-00010206-00010731 we have some kind of boundary conditions and assumptions that are required for this theory +y3DlLAUnwhE-00017-00010731-00011385 to hold. Or we could say that our theory of the CEO gender causing companies to be more +y3DlLAUnwhE-00018-00011385-00012036 profitable is constrained to only countries that are similar to Finland, for example. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00019-00012036-00012669 To understand the relationship between theory and data, let's look at Deephouse's paper. Deephouse's +y3DlLAUnwhE-00020-00012777-00013431 theory is an elaborate description of why firms that differentiate should be more profitable, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00021-00013431-00014211 or why too much differentiation should lead to less profitability. Their data +y3DlLAUnwhE-00022-00014211-00014969 is from banks, and they have 159 banks. They have Return on Assets (ROA) as the dependent variable, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00023-00014969-00015528 and then the sum of deviations of the proportion of 11 asset categories. Basically, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00024-00015594-00016035 what that means is that they calculated what kind of assets the banks held, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00025-00016035-00016659 and then they compared how much different a particular bank was from the industry mean, and +y3DlLAUnwhE-00026-00016659-00017274 that was their measures of strategic deviation. Then they found out the negative correlation. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00027-00017274-00017982 So how is the relationship? How does it work? Can we, based on this small correlation, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00028-00017982-00018765 come up with this elaborate theory? - Of how the strategic deviation or +y3DlLAUnwhE-00029-00018765-00019305 differentiation is related to profitability. Or is it the other way around? Are we using +y3DlLAUnwhE-00030-00019305-00019947 this theory to come up with some kind of data that we use to justify the theory? +y3DlLAUnwhE-00031-00019947-00020631 The second option is correct. You cannot, based on this correlation only, come up +y3DlLAUnwhE-00032-00020631-00021108 with this kind of elaborate theory. Because the correlation only tells that there is a +y3DlLAUnwhE-00033-00021108-00021690 statistical association. It doesn't tell whether it's a causal association or not. Particularly, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00034-00021690-00022206 it doesn't answer the important question of why these two variables are related. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00035-00022206-00022767 So theory typically needs to come from someplace else than the numbers. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00036-00022767-00023454 To understand further the relationship between theory and data, we need to look a bit at the +y3DlLAUnwhE-00037-00023454-00024135 types of reasoning that we do in science. So inductive and deductive reasoning are the two +y3DlLAUnwhE-00038-00024135-00024909 most common forms of reasoning in science. This is a classical example of induction and deduction. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00039-00024909-00025410 So we have the major premise that all men are mortal, the minor premise that Socrates is a man, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00040-00025410-00025674 and then the conclusion that Socrates is mortal. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00041-00025674-00026448 And deductive and inductive reasoning are referred to knowing two of these and then +y3DlLAUnwhE-00042-00026448-00026926 coming up with the third. How do we infer from two of these the third? +y3DlLAUnwhE-00043-00026926-00027552 In deductive reasoning, we know that all men are mortal, we know that Socrates is a man, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00044-00027552-00028054 and then we infer that. Because these two, the major premise and the minor premise, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00045-00028054-00028627 are correct, then Socrates must be mortal. So if these two claims are true, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00046-00028627-00029239 then the conclusion also must be true. So deductive reasoning maintains the +y3DlLAUnwhE-00047-00029239-00029935 truth value. If this is not true, then it also means that either one of these must be false. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00048-00029935-00030736 So, for example, if we observe that Socrates is a man, then we observe that Socrates is not mortal. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00049-00030736-00031582 Then our assumed rule that all men are mortal is incorrect. We can clearly say that if Socrates is +y3DlLAUnwhE-00050-00031582-00032299 a man, Socrates is not mortal. Then all men are not mortal. We can rule out and refute claims +y3DlLAUnwhE-00051-00032299-00032890 using deductive reasoning by observing something that differs from the expected conclusion. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00052-00032890-00033580 Inductive reasoning works the other way around. We observe that Socrates is a man, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00053-00033580-00034390 we observe that Socrates is mortal, and then we infer from that, that all men are mortal. We go +y3DlLAUnwhE-00054-00034390-00034969 from a specific case to a generalization. That's inductive reasoning. Of course, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00055-00034969-00035575 just observing that one man is mortal doesn't mean that all men are mortal. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00056-00035674-00036169 The problem induction is that even if we observe things a thousand times, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00057-00036169-00037078 we can't guarantee that we would observe the same thing in the 1001 case. For +y3DlLAUnwhE-00058-00037078-00037639 example even if all the Swans that you have seen in your life have been white this far, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00059-00037639-00038074 it doesn't mean that all Swans are white. There actually are Black Swan in Australia, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00060-00038074-00038770 so inductive reasoning is not guaranteed to work. There is some debate in philosophy or +y3DlLAUnwhE-00061-00038770-00039220 science and the history of philosophy of science about induction, but the general understanding is +y3DlLAUnwhE-00062-00039220-00039880 that inductive reasoning is useful, although it doesn't always lead to the correct conclusion. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00063-00039979-00040504 Then for completeness I'll also explain abductive reasoning. Abductive reasoning +y3DlLAUnwhE-00064-00040504-00041089 is the case that we know that Socrates is mortal, we know that all men are mortal, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00065-00041089-00041905 and in abductive reasoning we infer the minor premise. So abductive reasoning is reasoning +y3DlLAUnwhE-00066-00041905-00042427 to the best explanation. We are answering the question that we observe that Socrates +y3DlLAUnwhE-00067-00042427-00043051 is mortal. Why could that be the case? We infer that maybe Socrates is a man. This +y3DlLAUnwhE-00068-00043051-00043711 is even weaker than induction, and it's not very commonly used. Except for generating hypotheses +y3DlLAUnwhE-00069-00043711-00044284 in which everything is allowed, basically. As I will explain in a few slides from now. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00070-00044428-00044788 We'll be focusing on inductive and deductive reasoning, and let's take a +y3DlLAUnwhE-00071-00044788-00045703 look at the diagram that I showed you in a few slides from before. We have different levels +y3DlLAUnwhE-00072-00045703-00046123 of abstraction. So we have the theoretical concepts. We typically want to say something +y3DlLAUnwhE-00073-00046123-00046792 about these concepts. We can use the term construct to refer to a theoretical concept. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00074-00046792-00047278 Then we have propositions. So propositions are claims about the relationship between +y3DlLAUnwhE-00075-00047278-00048026 theoretical concepts. For example we can say that companies CEO's gender causes the profitability +y3DlLAUnwhE-00076-00048026-00048625 differences. Profitability difference is the theoretical concept, and then CEO gender is also a +y3DlLAUnwhE-00077-00048625-00049144 theoretical concept. And the relationship between these is a proposition, and the proposition is +y3DlLAUnwhE-00078-00049144-00049630 part of a theory. It's kind of like a statement that summarizes the main claim of the theory. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00079-00049630-00050092 Then we have empirical concepts. So these are some things that we can +y3DlLAUnwhE-00080-00050092-00050710 actually directly measure, and we have a hypothesis. The idea is that if we +y3DlLAUnwhE-00081-00050710-00051241 have a theoretical concept and another theoretical concept, that are related, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00082-00051241-00051954 then we should also have some kind of measures of those theoretical concepts that are related, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00083-00051954-00052408 according to a hypothesis. So we make a statistical hypothesis that we actually test. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00084-00052408-00053062 For example we could say that a doctor's assessment of the CEO's gender, which is +y3DlLAUnwhE-00085-00053062-00053653 directly observable, and return on assets from the profitability +y3DlLAUnwhE-00086-00053653-00054169 report to tax authorities which is directly observable, are related if +y3DlLAUnwhE-00087-00054169-00054610 there is a relationship CEO-gender and profitability. That is our hypothesis. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00088-00054610-00055183 Then we collect actual data. So we have actual observations for actual companies on things +y3DlLAUnwhE-00089-00055183-00055825 that we can observe. And we test whether there's a statistical association. If there is a statistical +y3DlLAUnwhE-00090-00055825-00056197 association, then we can conclude that the hypothesis and proposition are supported. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00091-00056197-00056841 So how do induction and deduction work in this kind of framework. The idea of induction is that +y3DlLAUnwhE-00092-00056841-00057304 we go from a statistical association. And we say that because two things are correlated, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00093-00057304-00058092 then there must be a theoretical relationship. We observe a correlation between CEO gender and +y3DlLAUnwhE-00094-00058092-00058801 profitability, and we infer that the CEO gender or gender difference is the cause +y3DlLAUnwhE-00095-00058801-00059122 of the profitability differences. So that's, we go from a specific +y3DlLAUnwhE-00096-00059122-00059662 observation to a general theory that's inductive reasoning in a research context. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00097-00059662-00060646 Then in deductive reasoning we have a theoretical concept. We define that if +y3DlLAUnwhE-00098-00060646-00061162 these theoretical concepts are related, then the empirical concept should also be related, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00099-00061162-00061876 and then measurement results should also be related. If we observe the measurement result +y3DlLAUnwhE-00100-00061876-00062485 is not what we were expecting based on the deduction, then the theoretical relationship +y3DlLAUnwhE-00101-00062485-00063129 is incorrect. So that's how deduction works. We infer what we should observe, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00102-00063129-00063544 and if we don't, then we say that the proposition is not correct. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00103-00063544-00064144 Of course there are many different ways how this can fail. But the dominant way +y3DlLAUnwhE-00104-00064144-00064747 of doing research is the deductive approach. So we go from theory to measurement results, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00105-00064747-00065161 and then based on the measurement results, we say something about the theory. So that's a +y3DlLAUnwhE-00106-00065161-00065773 general idea. So how is this justified, and is it ever justifiable to do induction in quantitative +y3DlLAUnwhE-00107-00065773-00066442 research. Some people say that inductive reasoning is not justified, but it's not so straightforward. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00108-00066508-00067312 Let's take a look at the Deephouse paper again. So they have a proposition. And the proposition, that +y3DlLAUnwhE-00109-00067312-00067867 we'll be focusing on, is that moderate amounts of strategic similarity increase performance. Then +y3DlLAUnwhE-00110-00067867-00068491 they have a statistical hypothesis. The idea here is that if the theoretical proposition is correct, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00111-00068491-00069160 then we should observe that there's a curvilinear concave down or a U-shape (that first goes up and +y3DlLAUnwhE-00112-00069160-00069670 then goes down) relationship with strategic deviation and return on assets. So these are +y3DlLAUnwhE-00113-00069670-00070234 two variables that they can observe directly, and this is used as a test for the proposition. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00114-00070234-00071014 And then, we finally have the test with data. They have some data from Call Reports, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00115-00071014-00071401 then they calculate the deviation, and they run a regression model; +y3DlLAUnwhE-00116-00071455-00072250 the regression findings can be used to test these statistical hypotheses. It was supported in the +y3DlLAUnwhE-00117-00072250-00072715 paper. Therefore, they conclude that maybe the proposition is true as well. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00118-00072814-00073213 The idea of the proposition is that is a theoretical claim. Then we have +y3DlLAUnwhE-00119-00073213-00073660 a statistical claim derived from the theoretical claim, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00120-00073660-00074347 and finally we have some calculations that actually test the statistical hypothesis. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00121-00074347-00075061 Now the million-dollar question is: can we infer causal theory from a correlation? +y3DlLAUnwhE-00122-00075061-00075739 Let's take a look at some correlation examples to see why that could or could not be the case. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00123-00075739-00076279 So these are correlations from actual observed data. We can see that the correlation between +y3DlLAUnwhE-00124-00076279-00076966 our US spending on science, space, and technology is correlated almost perfectly with suicides by +y3DlLAUnwhE-00125-00076966-00077641 hanging, strangulation, and suffocation, for a 10-year period. Can we make a claim that +y3DlLAUnwhE-00126-00077641-00078427 if US increases spending, then suicides and hanging will increase? Or can we say +y3DlLAUnwhE-00127-00078427-00078970 that US should decrease science spending so that less people will make suicide? +y3DlLAUnwhE-00128-00078970-00079813 That's an implausible claim. That's unlikely to be true. The reason why there is a correlation +y3DlLAUnwhE-00129-00079813-00080333 could be a common cause. For example it could be that the population is growing, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00130-00080333-00080930 and when there is more population, there are more tax dollars, and there is more spending because +y3DlLAUnwhE-00131-00080930-00081251 there are more tax dollars. And also, because there are more people, there are more suicides. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00132-00081251-00081821 Or this could be because of the state of the economy. Let's say that the economy is growing, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00133-00081821-00082238 and both of these are growing as the economy grows or so forth. Or it could be just by +y3DlLAUnwhE-00134-00082238-00082811 chance only. Ten observations, ten years is not that much. If you have large data sets +y3DlLAUnwhE-00135-00082811-00083534 and you keep on data mining those data sets like Tyler Wiggins, who made these graphs, you will +y3DlLAUnwhE-00136-00083534-00084029 find some large correlations. For example, the number of people who drowned by falling into a +y3DlLAUnwhE-00137-00084029-00084848 pool and films where Nicholas Cage was the star also correlated. So claiming causality +y3DlLAUnwhE-00138-00084848-00085484 from this correlation would be ridiculous. Can we ever make a claim based on a correlation? +y3DlLAUnwhE-00139-00085484-00086039 To understand this, we have to understand what is the hypothetic deductive method +y3DlLAUnwhE-00140-00086039-00086801 in science. The hypothetic deductive method differentiates between two contexts. First +y3DlLAUnwhE-00141-00086801-00087629 we have the context of discovery, how we come up with new theories. The context of discovery +y3DlLAUnwhE-00142-00087629-00088172 is how we generate theoretical hypotheses. So in the hypothetical deductive method, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00143-00088172-00088862 the starting point is a hypothesis. It's a guess of what the result could be. So it's +y3DlLAUnwhE-00144-00088862-00089747 a guess that maybe the US spending on space and science actually causes deaths by suffocation and +y3DlLAUnwhE-00145-00089747-00090377 hanging. So it's simply a guess, and it doesn't really matter how we come up with a guess. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00146-00090377-00091082 Then we have the context of justification. How do we justify this claim that spending on +y3DlLAUnwhE-00147-00091082-00092009 space and science actually increases deaths by suffocation and hanging? In hypothetic +y3DlLAUnwhE-00148-00092009-00092744 deductive reasoning or research logic, we apply deductive reasoning. We assume that +y3DlLAUnwhE-00149-00092744-00093656 the hypothesis is true. Then we may assume some other auxiliary hypothesis, and we then +y3DlLAUnwhE-00150-00093776-00094556 deduce what things we should observe if this main hypothesis and the auxiliary hypothesis are true. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00151-00094898-00095705 Then these observable consequences in a research paper are typically presented as a statistical +y3DlLAUnwhE-00152-00095705-00096239 hypothesis. So whereas hypothetic deductive reasoning or the logic of hypothetic deductive +y3DlLAUnwhE-00153-00096239-00096881 research, doesn't really say that the observable consequences must be presented at statistical +y3DlLAUnwhE-00154-00096881-00097778 hypothesis. That is how it's commonly done. A bit confusing thing here is that in the hypothetical +y3DlLAUnwhE-00155-00097778-00098393 deductive method, the hypothesis is the theoretical claim. So that's a hypothesis that we +y3DlLAUnwhE-00156-00098393-00099020 think could be correct. But in practice, when we apply hypothetic deductive reasoning, we use the +y3DlLAUnwhE-00157-00099020-00099626 term hypothesis for the observable consequence. And that can cause some problems, some confusion. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00158-00099770-00100436 We have a hypothesis that we should observe if the theory is correct and if some auxiliary hypotheses +y3DlLAUnwhE-00159-00100436-00101252 that we'll cover later are correct as well. Then, we can test with data. So if our statistical +y3DlLAUnwhE-00160-00101252-00102119 hypothesis is not supported, we don't observe the predicted observation, then we infer that +y3DlLAUnwhE-00161-00102119-00102808 the theory or the actual initial hypothesis must have been incorrect. It's, of course, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00162-00102808-00103708 possible also that the auxiliary hypothesis, one of them is not correct. We don't know, which of +y3DlLAUnwhE-00163-00103708-00104423 the hypothesis is incorrect, and this is referred to as the undetermination problem of science. But +y3DlLAUnwhE-00164-00104423-00105005 that's how we do. We don't observe something; we infer that the theory is probably incorrect. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00165-00105005-00105685 On the other hand if we observe the deduced consequence of the theory, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00166-00105685-00106505 then we can claim that the theoretical proposition could be correct. We can't claim that it's +y3DlLAUnwhE-00167-00106505-00107051 definitely correct because deduction doesn't work that way. We can only refute theories; +y3DlLAUnwhE-00168-00107051-00107756 we can't support theories using deductive reasoning. The support for a theory comes is, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00169-00107756-00108596 when it has been tested over and over, and has survived many severe tests. Then +y3DlLAUnwhE-00170-00108596-00109145 we can say that if this theory can be challenged, then it's probably true. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00171-00109145-00110168 So how it relates to the previous figure. We have induction, and we have deduction. We can actually +y3DlLAUnwhE-00172-00110168-00110966 apply inductive reasoning but only for the context of discovery. So we can make theoretical claims +y3DlLAUnwhE-00173-00110966-00111578 based on correlation. We can see that there is a correlation between the US spending on science +y3DlLAUnwhE-00174-00111578-00112829 and technology and deaths by suicide and hanging. But we can't use the correlation that we used to +y3DlLAUnwhE-00175-00112829-00113429 make an initial guess or initial hypothesis. We can't use that to justify the claim. So, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00176-00113429-00114074 of course, where the initial theory comes from, doesn't matter. What matters is whether we can +y3DlLAUnwhE-00177-00114074-00114827 justify the theory empirically. And inductive reasoning cannot really be used in the context of +y3DlLAUnwhE-00178-00114827-00115604 justification in quantitative research. It would be very unlikely that your observed correlation, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00179-00115604-00116311 that you happen to observe, actually fails the requirements that we need for making +y3DlLAUnwhE-00180-00116311-00117152 causal claims, without it being a result from a research design, that was specifically designed +y3DlLAUnwhE-00181-00117152-00117875 to do that. So deductive logic can be used to justify claims, and inductive logic can be +y3DlLAUnwhE-00182-00117875-00118370 used to come up with claims. But of course, when you come up with a claim, you also have to come +y3DlLAUnwhE-00183-00118370-00118991 up with a justification. Unless it's a paper where you just present a claim. For example, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00184-00118991-00119447 papers in Academic Management Review only present claims and no empirical evidence. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00185-00119447-00120211 Of course in the context of justification we have to have auxiliary hypotheses that are +y3DlLAUnwhE-00186-00120211-00120803 true as well. So here, we would have to have the auxiliary hypothesis. That this empirical concept, +y3DlLAUnwhE-00187-00120803-00121475 let's call it Return on Assets data from the trade register and theoretical concept +y3DlLAUnwhE-00188-00121475-00122059 of performance. We have to have the assumption that this empirical concept is a valid measure +y3DlLAUnwhE-00189-00122059-00122645 of the theoretical concept. And also that this measurement result here is a reliable measure +y3DlLAUnwhE-00190-00122645-00123233 of this empirical concept. And that there are no other causes that cause this statistical +y3DlLAUnwhE-00191-00123233-00123755 association. We have to have these many many different auxiliary hypotheses. If +y3DlLAUnwhE-00192-00123755-00124253 we don't observe something, it could be that the initial proposition is incorrect. Or it +y3DlLAUnwhE-00193-00124253-00124592 could be that the auxiliary hypothesis is incorrect. We don't know which one it is. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00194-00124592-00125158 We conveniently assume that it's always the proposition, but that's not always the case. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00195-00125441-00126251 Finally, you can make claims based on statistics on correlation. So you can make a causal claim +y3DlLAUnwhE-00196-00126251-00127079 based on a correlation. But you cannot justify a causal claim only by a correlation. Sometimes you +y3DlLAUnwhE-00197-00127079-00127631 find interesting correlations in your data, then you start to think about why there is a +y3DlLAUnwhE-00198-00127631-00128204 correlation, and you come up with a theory. That's completely ok as long as you don't present that +y3DlLAUnwhE-00199-00128204-00128864 correlation that made you come up with the theory as evidence for the justification of the theory. +y3DlLAUnwhE-00200-00128864-00129476 So you have to keep the context of discovery and the context of justification separated. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00000-00000028-00000465 Probability Mass Functions +y4CbWhH5_pM-00001-00000465-00000950 Recall from our previous studies in statistics that a random variable +y4CbWhH5_pM-00002-00000950-00001340 is an unknown quantity that is subject to variations +y4CbWhH5_pM-00003-00001340-00001629 due to chance. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00004-00001629-00002088 We may think of a random variable as the result of a random experiment, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00005-00002088-00002464 for example, rolling a die, flipping a coin, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00006-00002464-00002843 or choosing a number from a specified interval, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00007-00002843-00003335 say between 1 and 10, inclusive. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00008-00003335-00003636 Recall also that there are two types of +y4CbWhH5_pM-00009-00003636-00004114 random variables--discrete, where the random variable can take on +y4CbWhH5_pM-00010-00004114-00004442 any value from a countable set of values, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00011-00004442-00004822 so that we can sum over the set of possible values, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00012-00004822-00005279 and continuous, where the random variable can take on +y4CbWhH5_pM-00013-00005279-00005655 any value from an uncountable set of values, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00014-00005655-00006276 so that we cannot sum over the set of possible values. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00015-00006276-00006595 A probability mass function, abbreviated +y4CbWhH5_pM-00016-00006595-00007112 pmf, gives the likelihood that a discrete random variable +y4CbWhH5_pM-00017-00007112-00007568 X is equal to some value and is often the principal way of +y4CbWhH5_pM-00018-00007568-00008075 defining a discrete probability distribution. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00019-00008075-00008492 For a function to be a valid probability mass function, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00020-00008492-00009040 2 conditions must be satisfied: All values must be non-negative, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00021-00009040-00009378 and all values must sum up to +y4CbWhH5_pM-00022-00009378-00009627 1. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00023-00009627-00009913 Thinking of probability as mass +y4CbWhH5_pM-00024-00009913-00010221 can help us avoid mistakes. The concept +y4CbWhH5_pM-00025-00010221-00010787 in probability and statistics that the total probability for all hypothetical +y4CbWhH5_pM-00026-00010787-00011135 outcomes is always the same number,1, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00027-00011135-00011544 is similar to the physics concept of conservation +y4CbWhH5_pM-00028-00011544-00011817 of mass. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00029-00011817-00012262 Let's start with this example of a probability mass function, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00030-00012262-00012617 based on choosing 1, 3, or 7. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00031-00012617-00012961 Note that the values--1, 3, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00032-00012961-00013287 and 7--are all non-negative and +y4CbWhH5_pM-00033-00013287-00013638 the probabilities of the values-- 0.2, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00034-00013638-00013950 0.5, and 0.3--sum +y4CbWhH5_pM-00035-00013950-00014263 up to 1. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00036-00014263-00014563 For our next example, suppose S +y4CbWhH5_pM-00037-00014563-00014952 is the sample space of all outcomes of a single toss +y4CbWhH5_pM-00038-00014952-00015418 a fair coin, and X is the random variable defined +y4CbWhH5_pM-00039-00015418-00015753 on S assigning 0 to tails +y4CbWhH5_pM-00040-00015753-00016200 and 1 to heads. The probability mass function +y4CbWhH5_pM-00041-00016200-00016538 is as follows: F sub X of +y4CbWhH5_pM-00042-00016538-00016868 x is equal to 1/2 if +y4CbWhH5_pM-00043-00016868-00017221 x is either 0 or 1 and +y4CbWhH5_pM-00044-00017221-00017624 0 if x is any number other than +y4CbWhH5_pM-00045-00017624-00017935 0 or 1. This function +y4CbWhH5_pM-00046-00017935-00018295 is a special case of the binomial distribution. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00047-00018295-00018620 Let's look now +y4CbWhH5_pM-00048-00018620-00018935 at the probability mass function of a six- +y4CbWhH5_pM-00049-00018935-00019336 sided fair die. All numbers on the die +y4CbWhH5_pM-00050-00019336-00019820 have an equal chance of appearing on top when the die stops rolling. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00051-00019820-00020138 F sub X of x is +y4CbWhH5_pM-00052-00020138-00020523 equal to 1/6 if x is 1, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00053-00020523-00020881 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 +y4CbWhH5_pM-00054-00020881-00021330 and 0 otherwise. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00055-00021330-00021793 Here's a graphical representation of the probability mass function +y4CbWhH5_pM-00056-00021793-00022216 of a six-sided fair die. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00057-00022216-00022579 For our next example, let's return to the graphics +y4CbWhH5_pM-00058-00022579-00022993 of this presentation's title slide. What we see here +y4CbWhH5_pM-00059-00022993-00023381 is a graphical representation for a six- sided die +y4CbWhH5_pM-00060-00023381-00023743 that is not fair. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00061-00023743-00024148 The probability of rolling each of the six possible numbers-- +y4CbWhH5_pM-00062-00024148-00024554 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6-- +y4CbWhH5_pM-00063-00024554-00024868 is not the same. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00064-00024868-00025133 The probability mass function F +y4CbWhH5_pM-00065-00025133-00025492 sub X of x is equal to .1, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00066-00025492-00025833 if x is equal to either 5 or 6; +y4CbWhH5_pM-00067-00025833-00026231 .16, if x is equal to 1, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00068-00026231-00026537 3, or 4; .32, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00069-00026537-00026923 if x is equal to 2;and 0 +y4CbWhH5_pM-00070-00026923-00027200 otherwise. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00071-00027200-00027645 Next, let's address the question of a continuous random variable. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00072-00027645-00028031 Because we cannot form a sum over an infinite, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00073-00028031-00028533 uncountable set of numbers, we replace the sum used for discrete random +y4CbWhH5_pM-00074-00028533-00028656 variables +y4CbWhH5_pM-00075-00028656-00029049 with an integral over the set of possible values. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00076-00029049-00029397 An integral is a basic tool of calculus, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00077-00029397-00029751 the mathematics of change. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00078-00029751-00030133 We cannot form a probability distribution function +y4CbWhH5_pM-00079-00030133-00030501 for a continuous random variable by assigning +y4CbWhH5_pM-00080-00030501-00030983 a probability that X is exactly equal to each value. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00081-00030983-00031423 Instead, we must use a probability density function, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00082-00031423-00031727 which basically assigns the probability that +y4CbWhH5_pM-00083-00031727-00032145 x is near each value. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00084-00032145-00032400 For a continuous random variable +y4CbWhH5_pM-00085-00032400-00032837 X, the probability that X is any single value +y4CbWhH5_pM-00086-00032837-00033165 is always 0. In other respects, +y4CbWhH5_pM-00087-00033165-00033615 the probability density function of a continuous random variable +y4CbWhH5_pM-00088-00033615-00034013 behaves exactly like the probability mass function +y4CbWhH5_pM-00089-00034013-00034603 of a discrete random variable. The two necessary conditions are fundamentally +y4CbWhH5_pM-00090-00034603-00034824 identical. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00091-00034824-00035150 In closing, a probability mass function +y4CbWhH5_pM-00092-00035150-00035657 (pmf) gives the likelihood that a discrete random variable +y4CbWhH5_pM-00093-00035657-00036014 X is exactly equal to some value +y4CbWhH5_pM-00094-00036014-00036526 and involves a sum. We looked at pmf examples about +y4CbWhH5_pM-00095-00036526-00036888 number choices, coin tosses, and die rolls. +y4CbWhH5_pM-00096-00036888-00037335 A probability density function gives the likelihood that +y4CbWhH5_pM-00097-00037335-00037668 a continuous random variable X is +y4CbWhH5_pM-00098-00037668-00037987 in any set A and involves +y4CbWhH5_pM-00099-00037987-00038074 an integral. +y5sWjnni4UE-00000-00000000-00000200 ROOM CHALLENGE +y5tjSeRMn1A-00000-00000432-00001280 Which language has the most speakers? What language is #1? Simple question, but +y5tjSeRMn1A-00001-00001280-00001607 the answer is not quite so simple. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00002-00001607-00002200 So for one thing, it's, well, how do you define what a language is? Where do you draw the line +y5tjSeRMn1A-00003-00002200-00003000 between languages, versus groups of related languages? So there's a lot of grey area there. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00004-00003000-00003511 And then, of course, how do you measure speakers? Is it native speakers those who +y5tjSeRMn1A-00005-00003584-00004096 learn the language as babies, or is it the total number of speakers? +y5tjSeRMn1A-00006-00004184-00004800 So there's certainly no end to the possible debates and disagreements +y5tjSeRMn1A-00007-00004800-00005296 that could be had if there was a contest for language with the most speakers, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00008-00005424-00006224 and, you know, how the ranking would be laid out. But here are some possible rankings. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00009-00006288-00007544 So here we can see there is a list according to the, well, according to three different possible +y5tjSeRMn1A-00010-00007544-00008280 numbers. We can get the number of first-language speakers, those who learn it as babies, L1. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00011-00008336-00009152 Second-language speakers, those who learn it as children or adults, L2. And then we have the total +y5tjSeRMn1A-00012-00009152-00009680 of anybody who speaks the language, whether learned as a baby or later. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00013-00009752-00010608 So here it is sorted according to total number of speakers. And we see here that, not surprisingly, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00014-00010608-00011272 the #1 language is English. Of course, if we had to pick the most popular language in the world, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00015-00011328-00012304 the language that I'm speaking right now, is English. And that is clearly spoken by the most +y5tjSeRMn1A-00016-00012304-00012784 number of people in the world, here suggested at almost one and a half billion. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00017-00012863-00013384 And then we see #2, although not too far behind, is +y5tjSeRMn1A-00018-00013568-00013896 what is being called Mandarin Chinese. So here it is, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00019-00014128-00014776 this particular form of the language called Chinese. There's a lot of debate about where +y5tjSeRMn1A-00020-00014776-00015304 you draw the line with Chinese, since there are many different languages, or what are usually +y5tjSeRMn1A-00021-00015304-00016088 considered different languages, that are all related within this Sino-Tibetan language family, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00022-00016232-00016552 and they're all written using the Chinese writing system, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00023-00016624-00017224 but they are usually considered to be separate languages, not all part of one Chinese language. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00024-00017224-00017816 Although often they are considered just all put together and called Chinese. In this case, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00025-00017816-00018680 it's referring to Mandarin Chinese the official language of the People's Republic of China. And +y5tjSeRMn1A-00026-00018800-00019728 this is what's also called Standard Chinese. But also this particular list excludes other +y5tjSeRMn1A-00027-00019728-00020312 varieties. So here we see, even with other varieties of Chinese excluded from this count, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00028-00020368-00020928 we still get a count that is quite close to English as a #2. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00029-00021016-00021936 So certainly English and Chinese can be considered to be the #1 and #2 languages in the world when it +y5tjSeRMn1A-00030-00021936-00022680 comes to total number of speakers. When we go off to #3, there's quite a drop off, almost to half, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00031-00022784-00023520 down to only 600 million. And this is where we have Hindi, the language, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00032-00023720-00024544 one of the many languages, of India. Where once again, now we have another issue of exclusion, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00033-00024544-00025144 because we have Urdu, the language of Pakistan, the primary language of Pakistan. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00034-00025232-00025912 And Hindi and Urdu are very close languages. Many would say effectively the same language. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00035-00026032-00026536 But because they are spoken in two separate countries, they're written with different writing +y5tjSeRMn1A-00036-00026536-00027312 systems, there's cultural divide, they're often treated as separate languages, even though, from a +y5tjSeRMn1A-00037-00027312-00027912 purely linguistic point of view, they're similar enough to possibly be considered one language. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00038-00028024-00028783 So and if you actually combine them together, you would see a greater number. But +y5tjSeRMn1A-00039-00028783-00029560 even excluding Urdu, Hindi makes a, you know, comes in clearly as #3. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00040-00029768-00030480 And it is closely followed by Spanish, another one of the great world languages, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00041-00030656-00031392 where it has just slightly less than Hindi in terms of total speakers. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00042-00031472-00031848 Though it's interesting to see the difference between first and second +y5tjSeRMn1A-00043-00031920-00032383 language. You can see that Hindi has a large number of second-language +y5tjSeRMn1A-00044-00032456-00033024 speakers, probably mostly in India, the many other languages, regional languages, within India, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00045-00033024-00033768 but Hindi is one of the most popular for, you know, the lingua franca or common language +y5tjSeRMn1A-00046-00033768-00034360 to be spoken. So in many regions of India, there would be many second-language Hindi speakers. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00047-00034416-00034880 But it's interesting to see, with Spanish, you have actually more first-language speakers, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00048-00035008-00035544 but there's a much smaller number of speakers learning Spanish as a second language. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00049-00035728-00036768 And down in fifth place, we have French. And so this language, you know, a major language, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00050-00036768-00037480 distributed in many parts of the world. But you can see here, the numbers are shrinking rapidly. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00051-00037632-00038152 There's certainly not an even distribution of languages in the world. After you come +y5tjSeRMn1A-00052-00038152-00038688 down to - the first few are very prominent in numbers - and these numbers are rapidly coming +y5tjSeRMn1A-00053-00038688-00039272 down. So already, you know, we're at, this is, French is at about half the level of Spanish. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00054-00039336-00039944 And it's almost exactly matched by what here is listed as Modern Standard Arabic. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00055-00039944-00040392 But here we again have a problem, because you're excluding the Arabic dialects. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00056-00040456-00041288 Well, Modern Standard Arabic is a formal, official dialect or language that is, you know, used for +y5tjSeRMn1A-00057-00041288-00042040 official purposes. But through the Arabic world, it is local Arabic dialects that are spoken. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00058-00042120-00043032 So this number, now, it's now listed as having zero first-language speakers. So speakers in the +y5tjSeRMn1A-00059-00043032-00043864 Arabic world would speak a dialect of Arabic and then learn Standard Arabic as this official shared +y5tjSeRMn1A-00060-00043864-00044464 language. So this language is now listed as being entirely composed of second-language speakers. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00061-00044584-00045144 So you can see the difficulties here in drawing the line between languages. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00062-00045256-00045864 Certainly we could get a different picture if we combined all the Chinese languages, we combined +y5tjSeRMn1A-00063-00045864-00046536 Hindi and Urdu, and we combined Standard Arabic with all local varieties of Arabic. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00064-00046656-00047304 It would give a different picture. Although, since we have within the Arabic world there tends to +y5tjSeRMn1A-00065-00047304-00048008 be this diglossia or sort of a double language situation, where most speakers would have both +y5tjSeRMn1A-00066-00048136-00048832 a local Arabic dialect and standard Arabic, so the number should be something around there. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00067-00049056-00049296 Now, going down the list a bit, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00068-00049384-00050024 we see a few more languages that are roughly of the same order. So we have, you know, 270s, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00069-00050080-00050784 down to 230s. So finishing up the top 10 list are this set of languages with sort of roughly on the +y5tjSeRMn1A-00070-00050856-00051776 same scale. We have Bengali, which is a language related to Hindi and Urdu, in the same language +y5tjSeRMn1A-00071-00051776-00052840 family, but a separate language of India, spoken in eastern India and Bangladesh. We have Russian. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00072-00053104-00053688 And then another of the Latin languages, after Spanish, we have Portuguese. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00073-00053888-00054352 Well, after Spanish and French, Portuguese. And then we have here's Urdu, which was +y5tjSeRMn1A-00074-00054352-00054944 being excluded from the Hindi count, but which also adds 230 million to itself. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00075-00055048-00055576 And then you can see some others coming later, including these are all other, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00076-00055576-00056200 these are very major languages of their own, this second set of 11 to 20, more major +y5tjSeRMn1A-00077-00056200-00056872 languages, and then goes down from there. But still these can be considered certainly +y5tjSeRMn1A-00078-00057024-00057520 giants among languages. Certainly if you look at, I bet you could really take the +y5tjSeRMn1A-00079-00057520-00057976 top hundred languages, and, you know, you could call these the giants. But they're now, you know, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00080-00057976-00058488 dropping below 100 million. You know, by the time you get to #15, you're already below 100 million +y5tjSeRMn1A-00081-00058544-00059176 total speakers. So you can see how these numbers are rapidly dropping off. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00082-00059384-00059696 So that's looking at things by total number of speakers. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00083-00059767-00060576 But now imagine, if we forget about people learning these languages as second language, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00084-00060576-00061288 but only count babies. So this is the baby contest now. It's only babies can compete, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00085-00061391-00062152 and you must learn the language as a baby in order to count for your team. So here we now sort +y5tjSeRMn1A-00086-00062152-00062832 by first-language speakers, and here we see a modified picture. You can see the rank numbers +y5tjSeRMn1A-00087-00062832-00063504 here. These are still ranked by total number, so you can see how this shifts the ranking. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00088-00063567-00064224 If we focus only on first language learners, now we see that Mandarin Chinese is by far the +y5tjSeRMn1A-00089-00064224-00064767 #1 language in the world. This is why these debates can never end. If we look at total +y5tjSeRMn1A-00090-00064767-00065312 number of speakers, we can see English is #1, but if we look by number of native speakers, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00091-00065312-00065984 we can see that Chinese is #1. And it's really quite dominant, like really almost twice, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00092-00066080-00066832 it's almost twice the count for the next-largest language, and much more than twice of English. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00093-00067024-00067416 So next we have, with half of it, Spanish +y5tjSeRMn1A-00094-00067416-00068120 would clearly take the place as #2 among first languages, and English is all the way down at #3. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00095-00068200-00068784 So it's really the second-language English speakers that bring its total up to be #1 total. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00096-00069112-00069680 Then we have Hindi, and we see Bengali here, Bengali, which had been lower down, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00097-00069680-00070296 is now #5 in the list, because it doesn't have a large proportion of second-language speakers, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00098-00070296-00070760 but, yeah, within eastern India and Bangladesh, has a large number of +y5tjSeRMn1A-00099-00070760-00071248 native speakers. This term "native speaker" is another term for first-language speaker, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00100-00071248-00071872 L1, speakers who learn as a baby. Or you could also call them mother-language speakers. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00101-00072024-00072656 We also see that Portuguese, which also has a very small number, relatively, of second-language +y5tjSeRMn1A-00102-00072656-00073344 learners, comes up at #6 if we look only at first-language speakers. And we're already down +y5tjSeRMn1A-00103-00073344-00073872 to 230 million, so, you know, these numbers are coming down quickly when we look compared to the +y5tjSeRMn1A-00104-00073872-00074480 total number of speakers. And, you know, this number is almost entirely in the country of +y5tjSeRMn1A-00105-00074480-00075248 Brazil. So that country, you know, by itself is helping to bring Portuguese up to #6. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00106-00075248-00076368 Then we have a big drop off to #7 here, Russian, down to only 150 million. And then we actually +y5tjSeRMn1A-00107-00076368-00076960 have, well, we have Japanese here, which has a very small number of second-language learners, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00108-00076960-00077824 but here over 100 million native speakers, almost entirely in the country of Japan. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00109-00078032-00078656 And so already we then drop below 100 million, and we get to our first variety of +y5tjSeRMn1A-00110-00078744-00079528 Chinese, Yue Chinese, which is a language of southern China, which includes, most famously, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00111-00079528-00080048 Cantonese. And already they're below 100 million. And you can see these languages, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00112-00080128-00080376 and then Vietnamese as well, with very similar numbers. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00113-00080456-00081136 And you can see these languages have almost no second language learners. They're really what they +y5tjSeRMn1A-00114-00081136-00081592 could be called local or regional languages, although certainly major regional languages, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00115-00081680-00082336 because they have a large number of speakers in an area who speak it, but then very few people +y5tjSeRMn1A-00116-00082424-00083272 learn it. So it's really the the languages that are favored by second-language learners +y5tjSeRMn1A-00117-00083272-00083704 are languages that tend to have, you know, more application over a wider area, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00118-00083880-00084256 whereas local languages tend to be, you know, you're born with it, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00119-00084312-00085032 and there may be a large number of speakers in the area who learn it, but then others don't tend to. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00120-00085184-00085936 And on down from there. You see the next level includes some other major languages. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00121-00085936-00086632 We see French is surprisingly low down. And we see another variety of Chinese as well. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00122-00086752-00087456 And a couple more languages in India. We see Telugu, Tamil, and Gujarati, as well as Urdu here, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00123-00087456-00088384 all languages of India. So India with quite an impressive collection of very +y5tjSeRMn1A-00124-00088480-00089016 large languages that many people don't even hear about. But you have these languages, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00125-00089016-00089784 you know, with over 50 million native speakers, that are well below its #1 language, Hindi. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00126-00090144-00090864 All right, so now let's look at the languages that have the most second-language learners. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00127-00090944-00091600 And this is a very different picture. Whereas with the first language, we're seeing languages that +y5tjSeRMn1A-00128-00091656-00092424 are locally powerful, languages where a large number of speakers are born into that language, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00129-00092424-00092848 learning it, local population, regional population, learning these languages. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00130-00092904-00093312 But with second languages, here there's very different +y5tjSeRMn1A-00131-00093312-00094064 motivations for learning a second language versus learning a first language. These are, you know, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00132-00094064-00094624 these are languages that tend to have more reach, that tend to be maybe more international, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00133-00094688-00095424 that are spoken in more major urban centres, places where many people like to travel to, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00134-00095488-00095896 places that are economically powerful, that attract people. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00135-00096008-00096648 And so, of course, it's no surprise that when we get to second-language learners, by far the #1 +y5tjSeRMn1A-00136-00096776-00097464 language is English. You can see that it has almost four times as many +y5tjSeRMn1A-00137-00097464-00098328 second-language learners as its next largest competitors, you might say. And so being the +y5tjSeRMn1A-00138-00098328-00098816 language that is closest to something that could be called an international language, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00139-00098872-00099272 international lingua franca, or a common language of the world, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00140-00099400-00100048 as disputed as that is, English certainly has the strongest case to make for being a +y5tjSeRMn1A-00141-00100048-00100808 language of the world. And because of that, the value of learning English as a second language +y5tjSeRMn1A-00142-00100936-00101936 is very strong. Learning English, English can be used throughout the world in a wider distribution +y5tjSeRMn1A-00143-00102184-00102656 than any other language. And of course, it's also connected with a lot of centres of +y5tjSeRMn1A-00144-00102735-00103408 wealth, power, economic possibilities, and so on. So it's no surprise that it attracts +y5tjSeRMn1A-00145-00103408-00103968 a very large number of second-language learners. In fact, here, a billion. So +y5tjSeRMn1A-00146-00104144-00104480 there's no question there in the second-language contest. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00147-00104576-00105256 And the next level, we have sort of a set here that are really of a second order below. So we're +y5tjSeRMn1A-00148-00105256-00106000 going down to almost a quarter of the size. But here we have Arabic. Now this can be, this is a +y5tjSeRMn1A-00149-00106000-00106648 little bit misleading, as Arabic, because of course of the unique situation of Arabic as +y5tjSeRMn1A-00150-00106648-00107152 having sort of a double language situation, where you have local Arabic dialects, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00151-00107152-00107664 but also this shared official standard dialect of Arabic shared throughout +y5tjSeRMn1A-00152-00107664-00108256 the Arabic world. So I think it could certainly be disputed whether this would be called a second +y5tjSeRMn1A-00153-00108256-00108880 language. Many Arabic speakers would consider this to be the same language, and perhaps a different +y5tjSeRMn1A-00154-00108952-00109496 version, or a register, or a different application of the same language, possibly. They might not +y5tjSeRMn1A-00155-00109496-00110248 consider it to be a second language. But according to this classification, it is. So this is +y5tjSeRMn1A-00156-00110672-00111016 an official kind of standard version of Arabic that +y5tjSeRMn1A-00157-00111072-00111768 most speakers of Arabic dialects will learn, and for that reason, it's placed #2 on the list. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00158-00111976-00112800 #3 we have Hindi. Now this is, we looked at some of those other languages of India. India, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00159-00112800-00113656 a country with many languages of many speakers, but the most prominent of the languages of +y5tjSeRMn1A-00160-00113656-00114568 India is Hindi. And so many of those speakers of other languages, like Bengali, Telugu, Gujarati, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00161-00114568-00115192 they will be learning Hindi as well for that sort of common-language use, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00162-00115296-00115735 to communicate with more speakers from different regions of India. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00163-00115735-00116416 And so this is a very popular language to learn as a second language. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00164-00116416-00117080 And next at #4 we have Chinese. So by far #1 in native speakers, but only #4 when it comes to +y5tjSeRMn1A-00165-00117080-00117656 second-language speakers. So certainly a popular language to learn. Many of these speakers will be +y5tjSeRMn1A-00166-00117656-00118504 in other regions of China, speaking other Chinese varieties, such as Cantonese. And it will be very +y5tjSeRMn1A-00167-00118504-00119192 useful for them to learn what is called Standard Chinese. Mandarin Chinese, or Standard Chinese, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00168-00119192-00120120 the standard language of the country, so that is of use for any kind of official work within the +y5tjSeRMn1A-00169-00120120-00120728 country, work with other regions of China, making it a very popular second language. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00170-00120896-00121752 And here we see french. French stands out as interesting, with a somewhat lower +y5tjSeRMn1A-00171-00121752-00122224 level of first-language speakers, but we see that French is a very popular language to learn +y5tjSeRMn1A-00172-00122224-00122888 amongst second-language learners. This may be related to its use in many parts of the world, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00173-00122959-00123656 perhaps as a colonial language, and there are many places where it remains an official language, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00174-00123776-00124368 even though there are other native languages more popularly spoken. So French really contains, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00175-00124520-00125328 really has a strong worldwide presence, despite having as native speakers a relatively +y5tjSeRMn1A-00176-00125328-00125840 modest, only 80 million. But it has that global reach with second-language speakers. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00177-00125976-00126616 You also see this with Urdu, and this would be similar dynamics that we looked at with Hindi. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00178-00126680-00127344 So just as Hindi is the primary Indian language, language within the country of India, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00179-00127344-00128064 Urdu - which is a very, very similar language to Hindi, if not the same - is the primary language +y5tjSeRMn1A-00180-00128064-00128888 of Pakistan. So speakers of other languages within Pakistan would certainly do well to learn Urdu +y5tjSeRMn1A-00181-00128888-00129432 in order to do any kind of official work within Pakistan or in other regions of Pakistan. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00182-00129711-00130511 And again, we see similar with Indonesian. Indonesian, in the country of Indonesia, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00183-00130720-00131136 Indonesia includes many different languages, but the official language is this +y5tjSeRMn1A-00184-00131136-00131688 Indonesian which is close to Malay. Again, it can be debated how close. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00185-00131824-00132280 But Indonesian, the official Indonesian language, here excluding Malay. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00186-00132464-00132952 Anytime you have an official language, it becomes something that's popular as a second +y5tjSeRMn1A-00187-00132952-00133600 language. Because if you want to do any kind of official work, government business, major cities, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00188-00133664-00134088 these tend towards using official languages, standard languages, +y5tjSeRMn1A-00189-00134088-00134552 and they become popular targets for second-language learning. You see the same thing +y5tjSeRMn1A-00190-00134552-00135176 with Nigerian Pidgin, which is an interesting, an English-based creole language, sort of mixing +y5tjSeRMn1A-00191-00135256-00135824 of languages. And once again there are many languages within Nigeria, and this would be +y5tjSeRMn1A-00192-00135896-00136712 a shared language for official use within that country. And again on down the list. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00193-00136944-00137728 So this is just one version of the list of most populous world languages. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00194-00137800-00138368 This is compiled by Ethnologue, which is a fairly respected source, and it's recent. But +y5tjSeRMn1A-00195-00138424-00139160 there's certainly, as we looked at, many decisions that have to be made about how you are going to +y5tjSeRMn1A-00196-00139248-00139744 divide languages? How are you going to count speakers? What counts as being a +y5tjSeRMn1A-00197-00139744-00140416 speaker? And so on. So we get a sense of who some of the top contenders are in the world. +y5tjSeRMn1A-00198-00140520-00141552 But of course, there's still the debate as to which language is #1 probably will never end. +yrh-6JUnCPE-00000-00000276-00000594 Now, I am going to film pinwheels for you see +yrh-6JUnCPE-00001-00001168-00001368 Iam going to take a quick picture then go home +yrh-6JUnCPE-00002-00001862-00002062 wait for me +yrh-6JUnCPE-00003-00002454-00002898 This scene like the square near my house +yrh-6JUnCPE-00004-00006034-00006470 Photographing here is not good, filming video here is more beautiful +yrh-6JUnCPE-00005-00006895-00007095 let me film for you +yrh-6JUnCPE-00006-00007095-00007281 ok, let take a picture +yrh-6JUnCPE-00007-00007766-00007966 There are lanterns +yrh-6JUnCPE-00008-00009340-00009540 Frontward are beautiful girls +yrh-6JUnCPE-00009-00009956-00010310 That is a pretty girl who wear a white shirt and have a long hair. +yrh-6JUnCPE-00010-00010408-00010608 She saw us coming so she went away +yrh-6JUnCPE-00011-00010666-00010866 Is the umbrella beautiful? +yrh-6JUnCPE-00012-00011192-00011392 Quickly +yrh-6JUnCPE-00013-00012078-00012278 Pinwheels are rotaring , beautiful. +yrh-6JUnCPE-00014-00012386-00012586 Suddenly, there is a strong wind +yrh-6JUnCPE-00015-00013680-00014174 Visistors are filming. +yrh-6JUnCPE-00016-00014794-00015124 Like we are bootlegging people +yrh-6JUnCPE-00017-00015188-00015388 whatever people do, we film it +yryoqeGrBZ4-00000-00000000-00000610 Welcome to TechSoup Talks. This is Kami Griffiths, and today’s presentation is +yryoqeGrBZ4-00001-00000610-00000910 Creating a Successful Computer Refurbishing Program. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00002-00000919-00001260 We’ve got Pat Furr from Computers for Classrooms +yryoqeGrBZ4-00003-00001260-00001600 and Bruce Buckelew from OTX West. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00004-00001600-00001920 I’d like to introduce both of them and welcome them and thank them +yryoqeGrBZ4-00005-00001920-00002140 for putting together such a great presentation. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00006-00002150-00002530 So Pat can you tell us a little bit, about what you do for Computers for Classrooms? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00007-00002600-00003290 Pat: Thank you Kami. I started the program 19 years ago +yryoqeGrBZ4-00008-00003290-00003729 by realizing that we needed more computers in classrooms. There were very few +yryoqeGrBZ4-00009-00003729-00004340 and so I decided to start the program in my house. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00010-00004340-00004960 So what we’re hoping today is to give you an overview of the things we’ve learned +yryoqeGrBZ4-00011-00004960-00005370 in the last 19 years, so that you’ll be able to learn from that experience +yryoqeGrBZ4-00012-00005380-00006130 and your pathway will be followed more easily than finding out the first time. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00013-00006130-00006320 Kami: Great, thanks Pat. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00014-00006320-00006680 And Bruce, can you tell us about your work at OTX West? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00015-00006680-00007070 Bruce: Yeah, my name is Bruce Buckelew and I’m the founder and director of OTX West. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00016-00007080-00007480 We focus just on the city of Oakland and our mission really is to end the digital divide +yryoqeGrBZ4-00017-00007480-00007970 in Oakland. We provide free computers to Oakland High School and Middle School students +yryoqeGrBZ4-00018-00007970-00008650 in Oakland. And we provide computers to schools and nonprofits for a refurbishing fee. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00019-00008650-00009210 I’ve been doing this about 19 years as well. We became officially an organization, a nonprofit +yryoqeGrBZ4-00020-00009220-00010250 in 1995 and like Pat, a lot of missed steps we hope we can keep you from making. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00021-00010250-00010420 Kami: Great thank you so much. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00022-00010430-00010910 And together, the two of you folks have more than 35 years of experience, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00023-00010910-00011480 so we’re really lucky to have both of them on the call, and so much great information. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00024-00011480-00012000 We have a packed agenda. We’re going to go through these questions rather quickly, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00025-00012000-00012430 so that we have enough time at the end for Q&A. So we’re going to start out by talking about +yryoqeGrBZ4-00026-00012430-00012869 why you’d want to start a program, how to get started, where you can find funding, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00027-00012880-00013430 some special regulations that you might not know about, how do you manage on a small budget, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00028-00013430-00013740 thinking about removing the data and what you need to know there, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00029-00013740-00014140 how do you receive the hardware donations as well as software donations, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00030-00014140-00014680 and what you can think about for tech support, tracking information, and promotion. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00031-00014680-00015290 So I’d like to get started by asking Pat, why would someone want to start a reuse program? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00032-00015290-00015730 Pat: Well there’s a tremendous amount of electronics going out +yryoqeGrBZ4-00033-00015730-00016260 [indistinct] millions of pounds [indistinct] thrown in the landfill. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00034-00016260-00016970 So we see this as a valuable resource and we know our schools have a tremendous shortage. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00035-00016970-00017660 We have again a huge population in the United States that do not own computers +yryoqeGrBZ4-00036-00017660-00018460 or have access to the internet. So what you need to do is really decide what you want to focus on. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00037-00018480-00018910 The more narrow the focus if you’re just getting started the more easily +yryoqeGrBZ4-00038-00018910-00019410 you can put your program together. Are you going to be doing job training? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00039-00019420-00019850 Are you going to have employment opportunities to be able to hire people? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00040-00019850-00020390 What about the environment? What about all those millions of pounds +yryoqeGrBZ4-00041-00020390-00020820 we're keeping out of the landfill or [indistinct]? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00042-00020830-00021360 Many people think recycling first and they don’t think of reusing it. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00043-00021360-00021980 We have a tremendous amount of equipment we can put to use and what we want to do +yryoqeGrBZ4-00044-00021980-00022700 is show you how you can do it on a low budget and do it more easily. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00045-00022800-00023060 Kami: And Bruce did you have anything you wanted to add? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00046-00023060-00023510 Bruce: Two quick things, one is you might want to check to see if there’s already a reuse program +yryoqeGrBZ4-00047-00023520-00023960 in your neighborhood. You know, or in your community that you could volunteer for. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00048-00023960-00024260 You know, learn from them, and then make a decision of whether you really want +yryoqeGrBZ4-00049-00024270-00024770 to start a separate one. If there isn’t, we started our program just in the high school +yryoqeGrBZ4-00050-00024770-00025070 with the idea of getting computers to graduating seniors. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00051-00025070-00026130 So again be as specific as you can in your mission and start with a target. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00052-00026150-00026530 Kami: And just as a transition slide, be as specific as possible. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00053-00026530-00027000 Bruce: Right. Be as specific as you can be and start small. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00054-00027010-00027450 Kami: And what questions Bruce, need to be answered before you get started? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00055-00027450-00027839 Bruce: Well I started with that but you know a good thing I think to do +yryoqeGrBZ4-00056-00027839-00028250 is to identify very specific recipients before you start, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00057-00028250-00028820 particularly before you start collecting anything. We started our program in a high school +yryoqeGrBZ4-00058-00028820-00029520 because it had some donated space that I could use so I could start it basically with no cost. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00059-00029530-00030110 So I became a high school volunteer. I took over a classroom and started working with kids +yryoqeGrBZ4-00060-00030110-00030689 to gather some computers and you know, started very specifically to get computers +yryoqeGrBZ4-00061-00030689-00031170 to graduating seniors and then to put computers in the classrooms in that one school. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00062-00031170-00031730 At that point, you got to watch what you wish for because the demand is really there +yryoqeGrBZ4-00063-00031730-00032439 and it will grow. You know, I think there’s a big thing right at the beginning too to say, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00064-00032439-00032790 are you going to be the technician or do you have a technician partner? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00065-00032790-00033380 Can you do everything that you’ve committed to do? And another big thing +yryoqeGrBZ4-00066-00033380-00033860 is my suggestion is pick either Macs or PCs. Pat and I both do PCs +yryoqeGrBZ4-00067-00033870-00034460 because they’re much easier to work on, there is a MAR program that makes your software legal +yryoqeGrBZ4-00068-00034460-00034940 and it’s an industry not a company. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00069-00034940-00035410 Kami: Just for some people who might not know what MAR is? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00070-00035410-00035880 Bruce: MAR is the Microsoft Authorized Refurbishing Program. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00071-00035880-00036780 The great thing about MAR is that it allows you to legalize every Windows license that you install +yryoqeGrBZ4-00072-00036780-00037250 on a computer. We still think we have a better computer than they have in the store +yryoqeGrBZ4-00073-00037250-00037710 because the MAR program provides us with Windows XP Pro, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00074-00037710-00038450 which is still the most used operating system in the industry. We’re a PC only refurbisher. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00075-00038460-00038900 Kami: And Pat did you have anything that you wanted to add to this slide? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00076-00038900-00039590 Pat: Sure well my background going in was I’d been a teacher. I’d been an elected trustee. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00077-00039590-00040170 I’d had business experience, and I actually went back to get a Masters in Computer Science, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00078-00040190-00040690 but even with all that I didn’t know the hardware part of actually getting these going, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00079-00040690-00041360 so I asked for help. I had other technicians come in and teach me. And I started in my house +yryoqeGrBZ4-00080-00041360-00041910 so it’s free for the program, and then moved it to my barn until the floods came. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00081-00041920-00042430 And then I asked friends and associates for donated space. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00082-00042430-00042920 And you know, in times like this there is a lot of donated commercial space that’s sitting vacant. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00083-00042920-00043500 So it’s actually a good time to get started, you just need to talk to a lot of people to get it. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00084-00043500-00044120 Actually, we do some Macs as we've grown along. I was getting Macs +yryoqeGrBZ4-00085-00044120-00044570 and so I didn’t know what to do with them. So I went to the local Apple-Mac Club, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00086-00044570-00045000 and said gee, I hate to throw these away. But you don’t want to start -- +yryoqeGrBZ4-00087-00045010-00045540 when you’re starting you don’t want to start taking anything that you cannot place +yryoqeGrBZ4-00088-00045540-00046000 or you don’t know where they’re going. So we can’t emphasize that enough. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00089-00046000-00046460 These things grow and have a way of multiplying in spare rooms. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00090-00046460-00046830 So don’t get started unless you know what you’re going to do with it +yryoqeGrBZ4-00091-00046830-00047130 and know where it’s going to end up. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00092-00047160-00047600 Bruce: You know, one final thing too on these slides is you can be focusing +yryoqeGrBZ4-00093-00047600-00047950 on refurbishing a computer but from the beginning you should really think +yryoqeGrBZ4-00094-00047950-00048360 are you going to provide training for the recipient and once they get the computer +yryoqeGrBZ4-00095-00048360-00048920 if they have problems are you going to provide technical support? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00096-00048920-00049380 Kami: Really good, and then we’ll be talking a bit more about tech support a little bit later on +yryoqeGrBZ4-00097-00049380-00050090 in the presentation. I also wanted to ask Pat, how do we get these types of programs funded? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00098-00050240-00051020 Pat: Okay, Bruce and I have different methods of funding so that’s why I think -- +yryoqeGrBZ4-00099-00051030-00051429 and our focus of our programs is somewhat different. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00100-00051429-00052170 I started in the early years [indistinct] local support by various programs, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00101-00052170-00052890 but as we got larger and we had to form a nonprofit and actually hire a staff, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00102-00052890-00053700 we did go ahead and form a nonprofit but we operate on a cost recovery basis +yryoqeGrBZ4-00103-00053700-00054350 which is a great way for you to get started. Bruce and I both have fees that we charge +yryoqeGrBZ4-00104-00054350-00054720 for our computers and that’s what we use to stay in business. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00105-00054720-00055540 Our computer prices actually go from $90 dollars up to $280 for a loaded laptop +yryoqeGrBZ4-00106-00055550-00056420 with lots of good things on it. We do sell to low income families $90 to $135 +yryoqeGrBZ4-00107-00056429-00057240 for a Pentium 4 guarantee and that is enough to cover our expenses. So you need to figure out, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00108-00057240-00057600 even if you’re starting out small and you’re going to do ten computers, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00109-00057610-00058300 if you could sell them for $100 dollars each, $135 each that gives you some seed money +yryoqeGrBZ4-00110-00058300-00058729 to go ahead and cover your expenses. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00111-00058760-00059040 Kami: And Bruce did you want to add something? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00112-00059040-00059490 Bruce: Yeah we determined that we wanted to have free computers for a certain population +yryoqeGrBZ4-00113-00059500-00060010 and then start a social enterprise and charge organizations for other computers. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00114-00060010-00060629 So our schools and nonprofits get our best computers at what you see, $100 to $250. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00115-00060629-00061170 And we also write a lot of grants. So Pat does a complete recovery on her product. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00116-00061170-00062070 And we’re right now about 60/40 grants moving hopefully towards 75% income, 25% grants. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00117-00062079-00062800 Also, when I started I didn’t have any funding. I just did it myself. I got donated space, volunteers, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00118-00062800-00063590 and students. And for the first three or four years, I didn’t have any money. I just did what I could do. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00119-00063590-00064010 The other thing was instead of even thinking about starting a nonprofit, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00120-00064010-00064779 look to become a fiscal agent relationship with an existing nonprofit or a church or somebody else +yryoqeGrBZ4-00121-00064779-00065360 where you can raise money but you don’t have to do all the paperwork of starting a nonprofit. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00122-00065370-00065830 Kami: And one question came through. Someone is asking you, where do you apply for grants? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00123-00065830-00066150 Where does OTX West get their grants from? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00124-00066150-00066720 Bruce: OTX West does have a nice three-year grant from CETF +yryoqeGrBZ4-00125-00066730-00067310 that we’re just about to start the third year of which is causing me some consternation. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00126-00067310-00067890 We also have applied to Zero Divide but haven’t gotten grants from them, local foundations, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00127-00067890-00068440 small foundations. We get a lot of donor directed, just philanthropists that have found us +yryoqeGrBZ4-00128-00068440-00068810 and like what we’re doing and fund us on a regular basis. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00129-00068820-00069370 Stop Waste is our local waste management organization. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00130-00069370-00069910 They have very specific reuse grants. They’re not very big but they’re very straightforward to get +yryoqeGrBZ4-00131-00069910-00070550 that’s in California, at least in the Bay area. So I think quite often, there're small grant possibilities +yryoqeGrBZ4-00132-00070550-00071120 through waste management where they recognize the value of reuse. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00133-00071120-00071600 You know, I do search too. I search and search and search. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00134-00071600-00072170 Kami: And I also wanted to let folks know, this I didn’t mention at the beginning of the presentation +yryoqeGrBZ4-00135-00072170-00072850 a couple of things. There’s a couple of refurbisher guides that were created by Pat and Bruce, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00136-00072850-00073490 and we have those on our website. I sent the link to it in the reminder email this morning. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00137-00073490-00074160 As well as we have this streaming live into Second Life and there’s an audio stream online +yryoqeGrBZ4-00138-00074160-00074850 as well. So if anyone is out there and looking at Tweet Chat you can see an aggregation +yryoqeGrBZ4-00139-00074850-00075370 of Tweets and this happening in Second Life. And I also wanted to let Pat know +yryoqeGrBZ4-00140-00075380-00075660 that I muted her because of the noise of her phone. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00141-00075660-00076340 So Pat if you wouldn’t mind unmuting your line if you had anything else that you wanted to add +yryoqeGrBZ4-00142-00076340-00076630 to the slide before we moved on. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00143-00077110-00077420 Pat, we can’t hear you. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00144-00077870-00078190 There we go. Can you say something Pat? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00145-00078190-00078330 Pat: Can you hear me now okay? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00146-00078330-00078910 Kami: Yes, great thank you, sorry about that. So do you have things about funding? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00147-00078910-00079430 Pat: I just wanted to say I wasn’t very good at writing grants and getting money. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00148-00079440-00080320 So we have a larger area that we service and we actually service all of California. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00149-00080320-00080950 And we’ve also gone to some foreign countries on a limited basis such as laptops for Haiti, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00150-00080950-00081690 and we just sent some to Tanzania and so forth. So we have a slightly different operation +yryoqeGrBZ4-00151-00081690-00082050 than Bruce does because we have a larger geographical area +yryoqeGrBZ4-00152-00082060-00082760 and we’re handling very large quantities here at our 25,000 square foot warehouse. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00153-00082930-00083340 Kami: Well let’s talk about some of those special regulations that people should know about. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00154-00083350-00083570 Bruce can you start us off? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00155-00083570-00083870 Bruce: I can start but I think Pat’s actually better on this than I am. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00156-00083870-00084260 You know, you do need to know the rules and regulations of whatever. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00157-00084260-00084860 Usually there are state rules and local rules about handling hazardous materials. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00158-00084860-00085210 Monitors are considered hazmat. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00159-00085210-00085900 Once you open up a computer the electronics inside can be considered hazmat. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00160-00085900-00086390 But the big thing is just to find out what your local rules are and follow those. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00161-00086390-00087140 Batteries can be a problem. Definitely, monitor glass is a big problem. In the State of California, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00162-00087150-00087930 the state passed a senate bill that funded the correct recycling of monitors. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00163-00087930-00088440 So there is a stream that you can flow into to make sure that your monitors +yryoqeGrBZ4-00164-00088440-00089080 don’t end up in a bad place. There are certified recyclers that handle monitors correctly. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00165-00089080-00089670 All monitors, same as TVs, have lead in the glass and that’s hazardous material. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00166-00089670-00089910 Pat, what have you got? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00167-00089910-00090650 Pat: Okay true. The EPA or DTSC, Department of Toxic Substance Control, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00168-00090650-00091440 the regulations are very strict if you’re here in our area. You need to check where in your area. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00169-00091440-00092310 But if you collect over six monitors, you are required to file for prior authorization +yryoqeGrBZ4-00170-00092320-00092950 to start collecting them and you’re immediately put on the line to have to fill out paperwork +yryoqeGrBZ4-00171-00092950-00093640 and meet certain handling restrictions. If you collect over 200 pounds of e-waste +yryoqeGrBZ4-00172-00093640-00094380 out of these computers, you would need to do this. Now as your program gets larger +yryoqeGrBZ4-00173-00094380-00094870 you may want to part out systems and you would be able to sell the scraps. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00174-00094870-00095400 You’re looking on a slide where this isn’t from us but from our recycler where they’ve collected +yryoqeGrBZ4-00175-00095400-00095900 the copper yolks around monitors and they sell for 40 cents a pound. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00176-00095910-00096720 So as you get larger you are able to go into this area but I can’t impress enough upon you +yryoqeGrBZ4-00177-00096720-00097200 the importance of knowing what the laws are. Sometimes you can’t save monitors +yryoqeGrBZ4-00178-00097200-00097970 for over a year under our regulations. So you can go to your local waste management company, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00179-00097970-00098830 find a recycler in your area, and before you collect anything know what you’re getting into. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00180-00098830-00099250 Kami: Very good. And Bruce did you have any last things before we move onto the next slide? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00181-00099250-00099460 Bruce: You know, Pat always says, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00182-00099460-00099810 make sure you know where the stuff that doesn’t work is going to go before you collect it. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00183-00099820-00100300 If you have a small room that you’re starting in you’ll fill it pretty quick with stuff +yryoqeGrBZ4-00184-00100300-00100800 that people will be happy to give you but it’s not going to have any real value. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00185-00100800-00101180 So you’re going to have to handle it and get rid of it. So don’t worry about saying no +yryoqeGrBZ4-00186-00101190-00101670 at the beginning of things that just become hazardous material for you. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00187-00101670-00102020 Kami: What are some other things to think about before getting started? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00188-00102020-00102320 Pat can you start us off? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00189-00102320-00103009 Pat: Well I think that we went through this pretty well, in fact we just talked about that quite a bit +yryoqeGrBZ4-00190-00103009-00103830 on the last slide. There’s so much out there and when people find out that you’re taking in things +yryoqeGrBZ4-00191-00103830-00104759 for a good cause, they want to give you more and more, so just be really careful. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00192-00104830-00105040 Kami: Bruce do you have anything you’d like to add? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00193-00105040-00105240 Bruce: Nope. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00194-00105240-00105740 Kami: Okay. Well the topic that a lot of you I’m sure are curious about is +yryoqeGrBZ4-00195-00105750-00106230 how can I do this on a small budget? So Bruce can you get us started talking about volunteers? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00196-00106230-00106670 Bruce: Yeah. Volunteers come in all forms and as anybody that’s managed volunteers knows, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00197-00106670-00107270 volunteers can both be a great asset and they can be a lot of work to manage. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00198-00107280-00108209 Our evolution has been we started, when we started in the high school all of our workers +yryoqeGrBZ4-00199-00108209-00108770 were kids, high school kids. That was great because they were getting great experience, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00200-00108770-00109250 I was being able to do a little mentoring of high school kids, and it really worked well. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00201-00109250-00109859 As we were found out, the second group I think besides students is seniors +yryoqeGrBZ4-00202-00109859-00110500 and out of work technicians that there seem to be a lot of, that want to do something productive +yryoqeGrBZ4-00203-00110500-00110970 and want something to put on their résumé as well. We ran into a little bit of a problem +yryoqeGrBZ4-00204-00110970-00111820 as we grew and we got larger, we have a professional now that loads the software +yryoqeGrBZ4-00205-00111820-00112190 and makes sure that everything is finally ready because we found that that person +yryoqeGrBZ4-00206-00112190-00112830 was redoing what volunteers were doing. We have a really, really active volunteer program +yryoqeGrBZ4-00207-00112830-00113170 where people can earn computers which has been very successful. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00208-00113170-00113680 And mostly what our volunteers do in our organization now is they clean everything +yryoqeGrBZ4-00209-00113680-00114280 to a [indistinct] so that everything that goes out has been scrubbed and scrubbed and cleaned +yryoqeGrBZ4-00210-00114300-00115080 and looks like new. You know, if there’s an A+ class we partner with an organization +yryoqeGrBZ4-00211-00115080-00115570 that does A+ training so that while they’re in A+ training they come here +yryoqeGrBZ4-00212-00115570-00116220 and they do various things, either technical or they’ll get a specific job. Like a great job +yryoqeGrBZ4-00213-00116230-00116620 for a volunteer is if you can find one that’s got a lot of time is to deal with all the printer issues +yryoqeGrBZ4-00214-00116620-00117090 that you get. You know, not enough time to go into it here but printers are an issue. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00215-00117090-00117590 People give them to you and you have to decide whether to take them, whether to scrap them +yryoqeGrBZ4-00216-00117590-00118080 or whether to try to refurb them, the same with scanners that we find. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00217-00118090-00118570 And quite often a volunteer will be very good at taking a very specific task and doing that. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00218-00118570-00119100 There’s a lot more in our manual, and I’m sure in Pat’s too. Pat? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00219-00119100-00119780 Pat: Yeah. We have a different philosophy I think than Bruce does +yryoqeGrBZ4-00220-00119780-00120280 in that we have a good-sized part of our program devoted to our volunteers. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00221-00120280-00120759 Again, we let them earn a free computer after spending so many hours here. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00222-00120759-00121200 And we have a volunteer coordinator that supervises them. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00223-00121200-00121840 So our volunteers do our initial triage work with a computer donation. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00224-00121840-00122350 They first of all remove the hard drive after we teach them where they are +yryoqeGrBZ4-00225-00122350-00123180 and then they boot up the computer checking to make sure the power and all the other things +yryoqeGrBZ4-00226-00123180-00123909 that you have to do in triaging your computers. We decide which ones we’re going to keep, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00227-00123920-00124540 which ones are working but probably not going to be worth our time and then which ones don’t work +yryoqeGrBZ4-00228-00124540-00125070 that we take apart. But our volunteers learn a lot by doing this. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00229-00125070-00125770 We don’t have them cleaning computers generally other than some of the disabled folks +yryoqeGrBZ4-00230-00125770-00126559 or some of those with developmental disabilities are perfectly happy cleaning mice and keyboards +yryoqeGrBZ4-00231-00126559-00127350 so they can earn computers. The photo as you see there, the gal in the upper right, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00232-00127359-00127909 her name is Lauren. And she’s blind and brings her guide dog. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00233-00127909-00128409 Lauren isn’t with us after we moved to our newer warehouse because there’s no transportation +yryoqeGrBZ4-00234-00128420-00128940 for her. But she wanted to be a volunteer to help us so she answered our phone. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00235-00128940-00129350 And then after a while we didn’t get many calls in those days +yryoqeGrBZ4-00236-00129350-00130059 so she learned how to part out computers and learned how the torques and the various ways +yryoqeGrBZ4-00237-00130059-00130740 of doing it. And so she said we turned her from a receptionist into a stripper, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00238-00130740-00131380 but she has fun telling that story especially when we we're out in public someplace. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00239-00131380-00132150 But Art at the bottom was in the Navy. He was at Pearl Harbor during World War II. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00240-00132150-00132600 And both Art and Ron in the middle have been with me well over 10 years +yryoqeGrBZ4-00241-00132600-00133110 and they’re volunteers. I do give them raises. I give them percentage raises, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00242-00133110-00133880 and they’ve been very happy. We also do a lot with college classes in getting them to come in. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00243-00133880-00134530 And some of them get course credit for spending a certain amount of time but they’re learning +yryoqeGrBZ4-00244-00134530-00135100 to give back. They’re learning to volunteer. And when I was in computer science, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00245-00135100-00135750 I would have loved to have had the hands on training that we’re able to give our volunteers. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00246-00135750-00136170 Kami: That’s really great. Thank you both. Now I'm going to move on to the next question which is +yryoqeGrBZ4-00247-00136180-00136640 what are the key things to know when removing data? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00248-00136650-00136850 Bruce: Pat? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00249-00136860-00137130 Kami: And I’d like to have Pat get started. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00250-00137170-00137550 Pat: Right. Number one, you have to have a secure facility. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00251-00137550-00138210 Someone shouldn't be able to break in and steal a computer out of your facility wherever it is. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00252-00138410-00138870 You need to think if you’re going to give your computer to someone, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00253-00138870-00139350 what do you want to have happen with the information on that hard drive? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00254-00139350-00139960 You’re not able to generally do it at home. You can’t just erase it and have it disappear. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00255-00139960-00140420 That’s like taking the index out of a book. All the information is still there +yryoqeGrBZ4-00256-00140450-00141050 but those with the proper tools can get it back. So you need to have a secure place. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00257-00141050-00141760 You have to wipe the drives completely. Now we’re not able in the time of this webinar +yryoqeGrBZ4-00258-00141760-00142440 to get into it but both Bruce and I talk about it extensively. We both have manuals, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00259-00142440-00143090 and there are some Microsoft PowerPoints, and it will step by step take you through it. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00260-00143090-00143720 We use software programs to wipe the drives. We have various machines we’ve invented +yryoqeGrBZ4-00261-00143720-00144550 to wipe them. If they’re too small or they have bad sectors on them, we destroy the hard drive. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00262-00144550-00145140 It’s very important. Now as you can see from the photo if you’re starting out +yryoqeGrBZ4-00263-00145140-00145660 a drillpress is a good way to go if you have a holder for the hard drive. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00264-00145660-00146300 It does put out a lot of metal shavings, so you have to have the proper eyewear, goggles, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00265-00146300-00146850 and ability to vacuum up so you don’t contaminate your environment. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00266-00146850-00147450 We’re larger now so we put out about $7,000 dollars for a degausser. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00267-00147460-00148160 It’s a machine we drop the hard drive in and it’s able to wipe it completely. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00268-00148160-00148750 We also do this for like hospitals that want to send a hard drive in for warranty repair. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00269-00148750-00149520 We’re able to degauss it so no information is getting out. But this is very, very important. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00270-00149520-00150020 You do not want to have any information getting off the hard drives. You don’t want to look at +yryoqeGrBZ4-00271-00150020-00150560 what’s on the hard drives because we’ve received some that were evidence +yryoqeGrBZ4-00272-00150560-00151120 in a pornography case and believe me we don’t want to look at anything on that hard drive. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00273-00151130-00151480 It would actually ruin your program. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00274-00151480-00151690 Kami: Bruce do you have anything to add? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00275-00151690-00152200 Bruce: Yeah. We’re a little bit different in that when we get calls from the public, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00276-00152200-00152700 because we both do large pickups from organizations and we take public computers. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00277-00152700-00153040 The public computers when people call in we often will tell them how to download +yryoqeGrBZ4-00278-00153050-00153540 a wipe program so that they can feel assured that they’ve wiped it before they’ve given it to us. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00279-00153540-00153920 We can have the conversation about that. It’s much better than removing the hard drive. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00280-00153920-00154410 And the people who are worried will remove it and that decreases its value for us. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00281-00154410-00154960 With larger organizations our experience is there’s two kinds, the kind that are required +yryoqeGrBZ4-00282-00154970-00155490 by internal policies or law to completely wipe the hard drives on their own premises +yryoqeGrBZ4-00283-00155490-00155980 before they give them to us, and those that want us to wipe. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00284-00155980-00156460 Those that want us to wipe we follow the same procedures that Pat does. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00285-00156460-00157020 Those that have already wiped and can certify that when they give them to us, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00286-00157020-00157220 we don’t rewipe them. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00287-00157230-00157430 Pat: Can I add something there please? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00288-00157430-00157630 Kami: Of course. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00289-00157640-00158260 Pat: I went to an agency. I won’t name it. And they said oh we wiped the hard drives. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00290-00158260-00158890 And I said oh, how did you? And she said well we have this wand. It’s a degaussing wand. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00291-00158890-00159310 And she showed me how she waved it over the top of the computer. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00292-00159310-00159560 Bruce: Ouch! +yryoqeGrBZ4-00293-00159560-00160060 Pat: Well I mean that’s like a wishing stick. I mean, I wish it’s done. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00294-00160060-00160620 So I told her later that she had not wiped the hard drive in fact. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00295-00160620-00161110 But we just assume that none of them have been wiped. We wipe them all. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00296-00161110-00161540 We don’t want to take any chance of anything happening. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00297-00161540-00162380 And I think some of our larger donors appreciate that because you just absolutely want to be sure +yryoqeGrBZ4-00298-00162380-00162650 everything’s taken care of. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00299-00162650-00163010 Bruce: I agree with Pat. I'm just a little lazier than she is. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00300-00163010-00163700 Kami: Well I want to move on to talking about a topic that several people have asked questions. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00301-00163700-00164240 Can you share ways that you receive the hardware donations? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00302-00164250-00164460 Bruce: How do we get them? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00303-00164460-00164660 Kami: Yes. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00304-00164670-00165250 Bruce: For us it’s been very interesting that once we got a little article in a local newspaper +yryoqeGrBZ4-00305-00165250-00165760 it started to pass around. We get in the newspaper once a quarter maybe +yryoqeGrBZ4-00306-00165760-00166180 with some story, some little story. And it gets picked up and people call us. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00307-00166180-00166800 I find that the best and there was a question on the site, absolutely the best +yryoqeGrBZ4-00308-00166800-00167300 is whenever you can get a donation from a large corporation where everything’s the same. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00309-00167300-00167760 That’s the best. PeopleSoft, for instance, before they were bought by Oracle, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00310-00167760-00168420 gave us about 5,000 computers and the good rate was about 95%. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00311-00168420-00169160 Another really good one is any local government agency whether it's county, city, state or federal +yryoqeGrBZ4-00312-00169160-00169770 that are in your area. The feds seem to replace perfectly good computers with new computers +yryoqeGrBZ4-00313-00169770-00170600 just because they have such a long replacement planning cycle. The same with county and state. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00314-00170600-00171080 I think those are great places to start. The hardest are individuals +yryoqeGrBZ4-00315-00171080-00171530 because every computer is different and they’re harder to work on. But on the other hand, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00316-00171530-00171990 you often get really good computers that people want to get rid of just because they’ve got a virus +yryoqeGrBZ4-00317-00171990-00172380 on them and they bought something new. So you don’t want to turn down individuals. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00318-00172380-00173050 The best thing is an organization that will give you 100 computers, 50 computers +yryoqeGrBZ4-00319-00173060-00173300 that are all the same. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00320-00173300-00173560 Pat: We take them all. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00321-00173560-00174160 We’ve developed a method of using a Microsoft program called [indistinct] +yryoqeGrBZ4-00322-00174160-00174840 and using a Linux server -- and again this is stuff we don’t need to get into right now -- +yryoqeGrBZ4-00323-00174840-00175450 but we’ve found a way of taking all kinds of computers and loading them fairly quickly. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00324-00175460-00176290 An earlier slide showed some benches there and we’re able to load like 31 computers at a time. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00325-00176290-00176890 Again, you can look at our slides and manuals and find out, or write to us. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00326-00176890-00177620 We'll tell you how to do it. But right now, this year we’re giving out 1,100 free computers +yryoqeGrBZ4-00327-00177630-00178290 to middle school students as part of a UC research project through UC Santa Cruz. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00328-00178290-00178850 Well those are the kinds of computers that for schools they want matching computers, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00329-00178850-00179530 small print, full print, that all look alike but our public donations they may be all different kinds, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00330-00179530-00180020 but to support free projects they’re tremendous. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00331-00180020-00180230 Kami: There’s a good question on the chat. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00332-00180230-00180740 Someone is curious about this 20 times better than recycling, which brings us to this next slide +yryoqeGrBZ4-00333-00180740-00181010 Pat, if you could go through this a little bit. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00334-00181010-00181670 And we included this as a way for you to justify the environmental impact +yryoqeGrBZ4-00335-00181670-00182010 that computer refurbishing has. So Pat, can you go through this? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00336-00182010-00182500 Pat: Sure. I developed this a couple years ago. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00337-00182510-00183380 the EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, came out with this tool where we could give +yryoqeGrBZ4-00338-00183380-00184110 the environmental benefit of comparing recycled computers, reused computers +yryoqeGrBZ4-00339-00184130-00184860 or computers that went to the landfill and so I did these individually, I took 100 computers, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00340-00184860-00185630 100 CRT monitors and compared the benefits using the EPA calculator. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00341-00185630-00186200 Now the one thing that Jim Lynch has brought out in his past article +yryoqeGrBZ4-00342-00186200-00187450 said that the greatest environmental -- the use of water, of air quality, mining new things +yryoqeGrBZ4-00343-00187450-00188110 is in the initial creation of the computers and monitors. You have to get oil for the plastics. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00344-00188120-00188800 You have to get aluminum and actually gold and other things that go into the computer. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00345-00188800-00189480 Well that initial mining is what really uses so much of our environmental resources. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00346-00189480-00190350 So if you can reuse those computers there’s a tremendous savings over recycling. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00347-00190350-00191090 Now recycling means to take them apart to their component, like the copper I showed +yryoqeGrBZ4-00348-00191090-00191990 in those slides; that is recycling. You separate the plastics and metals, the valuable parts of it, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00349-00191990-00192590 the wire is all separated. You’re not reusing it when you demanufacture it. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00350-00192590-00193200 So the reuse is there’s a tremendous benefit to our environment. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00351-00193200-00193960 And this is a real good tool for you to use to get people to donate to you +yryoqeGrBZ4-00352-00193960-00194540 but we need to educate that it’s so much more important if we reuse first. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00353-00194540-00195040 Eventually everything gets recycled, but the ones that are coming out of service +yryoqeGrBZ4-00354-00195050-00195780 they really have a good life ahead of them that can be used by schools or low-income families. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00355-00195780-00196380 So you can see on here your energy savings. It shows how much electricity, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00356-00196380-00197230 how many households you can power, versus if it’s reused, how much energy savings we have. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00357-00197230-00197780 If you look at the bottom line you can see what the replacement cost savings would be +yryoqeGrBZ4-00358-00197780-00198580 and it’s well over 25 to 1 savings if you’re able to reuse instead of recycling. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00359-00198590-00199050 I think Bruce you show this on a per computer system basis don’t you? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00360-00199050-00199480 Bruce: Right. What we do is we run it on the front of our homepage +yryoqeGrBZ4-00361-00199480-00200050 that instead of manufacturing or buying a new computer, if you use a reused computer +yryoqeGrBZ4-00362-00200050-00200820 you essentially save the environment $670 dollars. That’s the manufacturer’s cost +yryoqeGrBZ4-00363-00200820-00201230 on the environment to create one computer and CRT monitor. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00364-00201240-00201980 So you know, reduce, reuse, recycle; don’t get a new computer. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00365-00201980-00202410 And if you are going to get a new computer make sure that the one that you are getting rid of +yryoqeGrBZ4-00366-00202410-00202950 is reused. And for somebody that’s getting the computer like a school, getting reused computers +yryoqeGrBZ4-00367-00202950-00203540 instead of new computers is really a green way for a school to operate. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00368-00203550-00203960 We figure that we’ve saved the environment about $15 million dollars, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00369-00203960-00204340 Pat probably even more just through reuse. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00370-00204350-00204930 Kami: And that’s really great information so be sure to use some of this language +yryoqeGrBZ4-00371-00204930-00205319 in your own brochures. I’d like to move on to talk about software donations. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00372-00205319-00205769 So how do people go around getting software donations? Pat? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00373-00205869-00206269 Pat: Well, we don’t really encourage software donations. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00374-00206269-00206769 We put new media on all of our computers. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00375-00206769-00207440 We use generally the Microsoft Authorized Refurbishing Licenses +yryoqeGrBZ4-00376-00207450-00208019 because most of our students and schools want Microsoft products. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00377-00208019-00208640 There are other freeware products we can put out there. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00378-00208640-00209380 We can get Microsoft Windows XP and we can get Microsoft Office 2003. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00379-00209380-00210100 Over the years the products change from Microsoft but most schools +yryoqeGrBZ4-00380-00210100-00210760 and educational programs, this is what they’re looking for. We can also put Open Office, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00381-00210760-00211560 which is a free program on for schools since we’re not able to put the Microsoft Office on it. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00382-00211569-00212000 But we don’t encourage donations of software. We do take them +yryoqeGrBZ4-00383-00212000-00212460 but the software donated number one, everything gets wiped off, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00384-00212460-00212950 so you would have to have the original media, the original license, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00385-00212960-00213600 and the donation slip saying that whoever donated this gave you all the rights +yryoqeGrBZ4-00386-00213600-00214200 to the software as well. Because someone could theoretically keep it on their own computers +yryoqeGrBZ4-00387-00214200-00214640 and give you the disc and then you would be in noncompliance +yryoqeGrBZ4-00388-00214640-00215100 and you could be in lots of problems with it. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00389-00215100-00215330 Kami: And Bruce do you have anything to add? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00390-00215330-00215680 Bruce: Yeah we’re the same in terms of we don’t like software donations. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00391-00215680-00216010 We don’t use them because we don’t do one of a kinds. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00392-00216010-00216369 All of our home computers have exactly the same configuration. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00393-00216369-00216869 We’ve spent a lot of time looking for free and open source software +yryoqeGrBZ4-00394-00216869-00217480 so we put really a rich application mix on every computer of free and open source software +yryoqeGrBZ4-00395-00217480-00218019 from Audacity which is a great audio program, the GIMP. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00396-00218019-00218319 There’s a lot of online training that’s available on these programs. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00397-00218330-00218869 We like Open Office. It’s more compatible with the new version of Microsoft Office +yryoqeGrBZ4-00398-00218869-00219510 than old versions of Microsoft Office if you run into the .docx problem all over the place. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00399-00219510-00219810 So we only do XP. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00400-00219819-00220330 It also really helps to have a standardized model so that you only have a few models. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00401-00220330-00220930 We have one for a high school, one for middle school, one for elementary, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00402-00220930-00221469 one for home and one for nonprofit and that’s all we do. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00403-00221469-00221919 Pat: Yeah, we also have one other product that we put out. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00404-00221930-00222680 And we put Linux on some lower end laptops like maybe a nice Dell Pentium III +yryoqeGrBZ4-00405-00222680-00223369 800 megahertz laptop, which is good, but it runs too slow with Windows on it. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00406-00223380-00224030 So we do put Linux on it, Ubuntu Linux. And we can sell those to anyone for $100 dollars. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00407-00224030-00224590 And they get a wireless laptop that will do email, word processing, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00408-00224590-00225000 and web browsing at a decent speed for $100 dollars. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00409-00225000-00225710 So again, we keep trying to find ways of using everything rather than send it out for recycling. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00410-00225719-00226230 We again have standardized loads as Bruce does. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00411-00226230-00226900 Bruce: The other thing we’re really moving towards is the web-based stuff; Google docs. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00412-00226900-00227300 Anybody that hasn’t seen aviary.com, it’s just amazing. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00413-00227300-00227669 There’s online Photoshop now that’s phenomenal. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00414-00227680-00228119 You know, as more and more people with computers are on broadband +yryoqeGrBZ4-00415-00228119-00228440 they can get more and more apps for free off the internet. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00416-00228480-00229010 Kami: That’s a really great point. I do want to talk about and ask Bruce +yryoqeGrBZ4-00417-00229010-00229330 if you support the equipment after it’s distributed. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00418-00229330-00229730 Bruce: You know, there’s two things that we do to support the equipment. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00419-00229730-00230280 The first thing we do and it takes up a lot of our time is we make sure that everybody +yryoqeGrBZ4-00420-00230290-00230680 that gets a computer from us has been through our class. And on our website +yryoqeGrBZ4-00421-00230680-00231130 our manual is downloadable, and if you want a copy it’s in draw format. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00422-00231140-00231619 If anyone wants a copy that they can modify just email me and I can send you one +yryoqeGrBZ4-00423-00231619-00231930 in draw format so you can cut and paste out of it. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00424-00231940-00232569 But we find that support starts with training so we do -- it’s just a three hour training +yryoqeGrBZ4-00425-00232569-00232919 but it’s enough to describe what they’re going to be getting on their computer, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00426-00232919-00233290 how they get support, and how to use it. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00427-00233300-00233969 Then what we do is since we’re Oakland only, we don’t have the wide geography that Pat does, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00428-00233969-00234690 we offer right now free tech support for as long as you have the computer on a drop in basis. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00429-00234700-00235090 So every Tuesday anybody can bring in a computer that they’ve ever gotten from us +yryoqeGrBZ4-00430-00235090-00235630 and we will either fix it or replace it on the spot. We find since we have this one model +yryoqeGrBZ4-00431-00235640-00236069 it’s much easier often to pull the data off somebody’s computer and replace it +yryoqeGrBZ4-00432-00236069-00236950 than it is to try to fix it. So we’ll spend 15 minutes fixing and then we’ll do a replace. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00433-00236950-00237200 We just came to the realization that we didn’t want our computers sitting +yryoqeGrBZ4-00434-00237210-00237530 in anybody’s house not working. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00435-00237530-00238310 Pat: We do something very similar in that we allow drop in any day of the week +yryoqeGrBZ4-00436-00238310-00239040 between 9 and 5 for those that are local. As the computer gets older +yryoqeGrBZ4-00437-00239040-00239510 and newer models come out, we allow them to update for say $30 dollars +yryoqeGrBZ4-00438-00239510-00239850 and it also saves our time with tech support. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00439-00239860-00240340 Sometimes when they have a lot of photographs and so forth, we’ll even just put that in +yryoqeGrBZ4-00440-00240340-00241069 as a secondary hard drive and let them keep all of their data and photos and so forth. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00441-00241080-00241810 So we do a lot and we also do one-on-one showing them why they ended up getting viruses +yryoqeGrBZ4-00442-00241810-00242469 because they were doing LimeWire or something like that, file sharing programs. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00443-00242469-00242919 We do a lot of education when they come in for tech support as well. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00444-00242919-00243550 But it’s word of mouth. We never advertise. We have a constant stream of volunteers +yryoqeGrBZ4-00445-00243550-00244000 and people coming in to get our low cost computers. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00446-00244000-00244350 Kami: That’s a nice Segway into how can you promote your program? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00447-00244350-00244719 You said word of mouth but what are some other ways that you can promote your program? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00448-00244730-00244960 So Bruce can you get us started there? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00449-00244960-00245510 Bruce: Yeah a simple brochure is good you know, something to hand out +yryoqeGrBZ4-00450-00245510-00245740 when somebody asks you about your program for sure. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00451-00245740-00246260 Quite often there’s a local public access television station that you can get on fairly easily. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00452-00246269-00246810 When there’s a school television station they’re always looking for things. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00453-00246810-00247110 That always helps us get the word out about our program. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00454-00247110-00247810 Our promotion is really twofold. One is promote it in communities that we think need our product +yryoqeGrBZ4-00455-00247819-00248440 as well as promoting it you know, with potential donors and we hit both. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00456-00248440-00248869 We also do an email campaign with all the high school and middle school principals +yryoqeGrBZ4-00457-00248880-00249230 since they are our primary target. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00458-00249230-00249840 We try with greater and lesser success to work with immigrant organizations. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00459-00249840-00250300 We work with an organization called IRC in Oakland to make sure +yryoqeGrBZ4-00460-00250300-00250710 that our information is getting to new immigrants. New immigrants are a large population +yryoqeGrBZ4-00461-00250710-00251060 of people that don’t have computers or broadband. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00462-00251060-00251680 There was a question also on the website about lower cost broadband +yryoqeGrBZ4-00463-00251690-00252290 and there’s a couple of things. One is AT&T is generally the cheapest way to start. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00464-00252290-00252990 We find that DSL Extreme and SonicNet provide good service in are a little cheaper. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00465-00252990-00253340 Pat, why don’t you talk more about what you. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00466-00253350-00253880 We have a website for sure and another thing, a thing that we do on our website a lot, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00467-00253880-00254430 anybody’s free to look. We have a gallery that has a combination of things +yryoqeGrBZ4-00468-00254430-00254910 that have been on television about us, videos we’ve made and videos +yryoqeGrBZ4-00469-00254910-00255369 that our students have made when we run digital media classes, digital storytelling, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00470-00255369-00255630 that kind of stuff. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00471-00255630-00256280 Pat: Yeah, Bruce and I are in very different geographical locations +yryoqeGrBZ4-00472-00256280-00256840 and have had different kinds of experiences. He’s in a large city metropolitan area +yryoqeGrBZ4-00473-00256850-00257250 and we’re in a very rural area here in Northern California. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00474-00257250-00257740 So we have different types of clientele and different things available to us. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00475-00257740-00258050 For instance, we can’t very easily get corporate donors +yryoqeGrBZ4-00476-00258050-00258460 because we don’t have any larger corporations in our area. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00477-00258460-00259100 But one thing we have been able to do is like promote different programs we have. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00478-00259100-00260090 For instance after I came out with the reuse recycle brochure that I shared with you earlier, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00479-00260090-00260869 I was able to get on the Sacramento television on Earth Day. And they did quite a nice story +yryoqeGrBZ4-00480-00260880-00261350 from our community in showing the schools where our products were being used. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00481-00261350-00262150 And then you can pick special days like that and use it with your local media +yryoqeGrBZ4-00482-00262150-00262400 and they’re really happy to help you with it. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00483-00262400-00263120 Or if you can get together with your recycler, we have a lot of good drop off days. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00484-00263120-00263910 We have days we offer anyone low income to come in and we will check out their computer +yryoqeGrBZ4-00485-00263910-00264360 for free and diagnose it because a lot of people were given computers. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00486-00264360-00264940 So special days like that you will get coverage in your local media. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00487-00264940-00265660 Bruce is ahead of us in all of these videos and so forth but we recently had a very nice one +yryoqeGrBZ4-00488-00265660-00266380 that was made by a professional videographer wanting to show tell story of reuse +yryoqeGrBZ4-00489-00266380-00266990 and then putting it on Turning Green TV. So both of us you can find out more +yryoqeGrBZ4-00490-00266990-00267290 about our programs or see some videos now. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00491-00267290-00267970 My new website just went up last Friday. This put pressure on me to get it done having this webinar +yryoqeGrBZ4-00492-00267970-00268390 so I got something really good out of it, my new website. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00493-00268390-00268910 Kami: Well we’re so happy that you did. I want to move on to some questions +yryoqeGrBZ4-00494-00268920-00269290 because we have about 12 minutes left. And one question that came through +yryoqeGrBZ4-00495-00269290-00269690 that’s on the topic of outreach is I think more geared towards Bruce. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00496-00269690-00270070 How do you do outreach to government and large corporations so they know you exist? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00497-00270070-00270380 And who at that company would you talk to? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00498-00270380-00270790 Bruce: You know, there’s two ways that we do it. Quite often we’re contacted you know, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00499-00270800-00271150 because somebody has heard about us. So when we do the outreach +yryoqeGrBZ4-00500-00271150-00271790 I've gone through the local congressperson. You know, it seems to be that there’s two people +yryoqeGrBZ4-00501-00271790-00272290 that you need to work with. One is whoever is the worker that’s either on the dock +yryoqeGrBZ4-00502-00272300-00272860 or is responsible for salvage. They need to like you and they need to want to call you +yryoqeGrBZ4-00503-00272860-00273320 and work with you. And the other is the policymaker that says support this program. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00504-00273320-00273670 That’s often the community relations person in an organization. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00505-00273670-00274210 They have to want to get the press let’s say, and they have to want to be a good citizen. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00506-00274210-00274640 Then it often comes down to somebody looking out for you in the salvage yard +yryoqeGrBZ4-00507-00274640-00275360 or in the IT Department that’s responsible for getting computers you know, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00508-00275370-00275690 replacing computers and they know they’re coming and they’ll warn you. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00509-00275690-00276140 We’ve had organizations that lease, because quite often people lease these days +yryoqeGrBZ4-00510-00276140-00276530 and they don’t want to give you -- the computers just go back to the leasing company. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00511-00276530-00276900 But they’ve found that it was worth their while to buy out of the lease +yryoqeGrBZ4-00512-00276900-00277290 and give them to us rather than ship them back to the leasing company. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00513-00277320-00277860 The hard thing about it is these days everybody has a process. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00514-00277860-00278240 Everybody’s doing something with their computers. And the thing that Pat says +yryoqeGrBZ4-00515-00278240-00278860 that I think is so critical is people really confuse in their mind e-recycle with e-reuse +yryoqeGrBZ4-00516-00278860-00279250 and they don’t, very few people really understand the difference. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00517-00279250-00279660 They think they’re being green by calling the recycler and sending it to the recyclers. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00518-00279660-00280170 And there’s such a greener way to do that. Often recyclers I’ve found will work with me +yryoqeGrBZ4-00519-00280170-00280750 if you do a drop day an electronic drop day. Say you take the stuff you can use, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00520-00280750-00281220 we’ll take everything else and that way we can work together. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00521-00281220-00281640 Kami: Good. I want to transition to the next question which is for Pat. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00522-00281640-00282360 It regards questions about your percentage raise for your volunteers and how you can figure that. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00523-00282360-00282680 Pat: I can figure it because I don’t pay them anything. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00524-00282680-00283150 Kami: How do you give them a raise when you’re not giving them anything? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00525-00283160-00283780 Pat: Well they just don’t have to be real good at math. It’s a joke. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00526-00283780-00284410 It really is because they’re getting 15% raises every year or 20% raises, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00527-00284420-00284990 but 20% of zero is still zero but they feel so good they got a 20 percent raise this year. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00528-00284990-00285360 So it’s a fun thing. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00529-00285360-00285920 These people have been coming in for well over, we quit counting at ten years +yryoqeGrBZ4-00530-00285930-00286490 but I have some that have been with me a very long time like the Mac person. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00531-00286490-00287150 And we really -- they believe in the organization and they believe in what we’re doing +yryoqeGrBZ4-00532-00287150-00287470 and they’re willing to give of themselves to do it. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00533-00287470-00287800 Bruce: Yeah, my printer guys spend about $3,500 dollars +yryoqeGrBZ4-00534-00287810-00288070 we figured out the other day. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00535-00288070-00288700 Kami: Well Bruce one question was what’s included in a $250 dollar machine? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00536-00288700-00288910 This would be for both of you. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00537-00288910-00289470 Bruce: The big difference between you know -- our standard configuration for a family +yryoqeGrBZ4-00538-00289470-00290260 is still a high end Pentium III, Windows XP, 384MB of memory, 512k if it’s a little bit slower processor. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00539-00290270-00290930 For a $250 dollar machine it’s a black Dell with at least a GB of memory, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00540-00290930-00291540 at least an 80GB hard drive and a flat screen monitor. We don’t give that many flat screens +yryoqeGrBZ4-00541-00291550-00292020 but we get a lot of schools that really want them. I don’t like them. They’re just fashion, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00542-00292020-00292450 but schools want them for either energy, or mainly just for looks. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00543-00292450-00293050 And so what I started doing was saying if we have to go out and buy refurbished LCD’s +yryoqeGrBZ4-00544-00293050-00293490 we will in order to have a product that meets the needs of our customer. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00545-00293490-00294460 So it’s a Pentium 4, 2.6-gigahertz processor, black, black LCD, new keyboard +yryoqeGrBZ4-00546-00294460-00295070 and new optical mouse. That’s $250 bucks. We also install so we have a tech support group +yryoqeGrBZ4-00547-00295070-00295490 that will go into a school install, lock down, configure printers and networks, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00548-00295490-00295950 so that’s an extra $25 bucks. That’s how we get up to $250. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00549-00295950-00296250 Kami: And Pat, do you have something you’d like to add? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00550-00296260-00297030 Pat: Well we do give Pentium 4’s to families for $135. And if they want a 15-inch LCD +yryoqeGrBZ4-00551-00297030-00297800 we charge $50 dollars for that. But these are all excellent computers and again, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00552-00297800-00298380 they’re guaranteed. They can get the CRT monitor for $135. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00553-00298390-00298970 But in California because the recyclers and collectors can get paid +yryoqeGrBZ4-00554-00298970-00299580 for having the monitors destroyed, we’ve run into a real problem of not having enough monitors +yryoqeGrBZ4-00555-00299580-00300250 to be able to hand out. But these laws all depend on your location and where you are. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00556-00300260-00300830 But for me it’s tragic to see perfectly good equipment when it could be reused. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00557-00300830-00301430 We have a tremendous problem in California with the Hispanic community not having access +yryoqeGrBZ4-00558-00301430-00301970 to technology. And we have special English Spanish computers +yryoqeGrBZ4-00559-00301970-00302460 and we go out and do a proactive, go out to schools and communities +yryoqeGrBZ4-00560-00302460-00303300 to help get them using technology so their education can have a level playing field. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00561-00303310-00303840 Kami: And let’s talk about the programs that are used to wipe the hard drives. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00562-00303840-00304260 Are there any free programs or do you have recommendations for what you use? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00563-00304260-00304910 Bruce: We use Darik’s Boot and Nuke, D-A-R-I-K-S, easy to download, either a CD +yryoqeGrBZ4-00564-00304910-00305320 or a floppy boot, and the program called Kill Disk. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00565-00305330-00306160 One of our technicians made this great bootable Linux CD that has a whole bunch of ways +yryoqeGrBZ4-00566-00306160-00306900 to both recover data and once you’ve recovered the data then you can kill the disk. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00567-00306900-00308020 Pat: Yeah, Darik’s Boot and Nuke is an excellent program. And we actually have used Blancco +yryoqeGrBZ4-00568-00308020-00309060 which is a program that we received that is also very good at wiping hard drives. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00569-00309060-00309680 Kami: Okay another question on Microsoft Security Essentials, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00570-00309680-00310040 have you guys used that before and if so do you have any thoughts on it? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00571-00310050-00310540 Bruce: Yeah I really like it. We just converted over to it. We were using AVG Free, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00572-00310540-00311190 but with AVG on our home computers there’s a borderline legality thing +yryoqeGrBZ4-00573-00311190-00311550 about whether we’re allowed to install it and phone it or you have to put the install file +yryoqeGrBZ4-00574-00311550-00312020 on the computer which is an extra step for the user. But there were some good comparisons +yryoqeGrBZ4-00575-00312020-00312790 on websites I found comparing Security Essentials with AVG Free and Avast! +yryoqeGrBZ4-00576-00312800-00313080 And so we’ve converted over to Security Essentials. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00577-00313080-00313710 Since we only work with one big school district they give us license to the antivirus that they use, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00578-00313720-00314470 so we don’t put either one on those computers. But Essentials works pretty good. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00579-00314470-00315080 Pat: Can I add something real quick? This is a refurbishers group +yryoqeGrBZ4-00580-00315090-00315480 and this has been one of the topics on the refubrishers group. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00581-00315480-00316210 So I heard from Bruce and the others about the success they’ve had with Security Essentials +yryoqeGrBZ4-00582-00316210-00316860 so we’re also going to convert over to that. But the refurbishers group is hosted by Jim Lynch +yryoqeGrBZ4-00583-00316860-00317560 who’s also on the phone call. But I would encourage anyone interested in refurbishing +yryoqeGrBZ4-00584-00317570-00318330 we get lots of good ideas, we share information, and it’s a real good ongoing resource. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00585-00318330-00318880 Kami: Here is another question Pamela had. Do you sell back to businesses? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00586-00318880-00319470 Bruce: We don’t, no. We only sell to you know -- and sell is an interesting thing +yryoqeGrBZ4-00587-00319480-00320030 because this came up in a big conference I was in last week. We charge a refurbishing fee. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00588-00320030-00320850 It’s a fee for refurbishing. It’s not a product that gets taxed. I think Pat does the same thing. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00589-00320860-00321370 We only pay tax if we buy and sell with something that’s more -- +yryoqeGrBZ4-00590-00321370-00322160 where we sell more than what we pay for. But we only go to schools, nonprofits, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00591-00322170-00322410 and low-income individuals. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00592-00322410-00323040 Kami: I want to move on to one more last question. It was a question about laptops +yryoqeGrBZ4-00593-00323040-00323490 being refurbished and the battery or power supply goes bad and catches fire. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00594-00323490-00324060 Who’s liable in those types of cases? Who would like to respond to that? +yryoqeGrBZ4-00595-00324070-00324400 Bruce: Pat would. Pat: [Laughing] +yryoqeGrBZ4-00596-00324400-00325010 Pat: Thanks a lot Bruce. Truthfully, we have never had the problem. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00597-00325010-00325570 I suppose if we would have the problem we would check it out further. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00598-00325580-00326190 Our laptops go out with a 90-day warranty instead of a full year but we will warranty +yryoqeGrBZ4-00599-00326190-00326900 the hard drive and all for longer. But so far, we have not had problems with the batteries. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00600-00326900-00327220 They are tested and they go out with working batteries +yryoqeGrBZ4-00601-00327230-00327700 but they certainly are not guaranteed long term. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00602-00327700-00327920 Kami: Well that’s all that -- oh go ahead Bruce. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00603-00327920-00328330 Bruce: We hate laptops, we really do. They always come back with a spill +yryoqeGrBZ4-00604-00328340-00328700 or something on them, especially when a kid earns them. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00605-00328700-00329800 Pat: We don’t give them to kids. We have maybe high school seniors going to college or adults, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00606-00329800-00330130 but we do not give them out to young children. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00607-00330130-00330550 Bruce: Yeah, and high school seniors going to college are the best targets I think. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00608-00330550-00330910 I’ve given four or five hundred of them out to graduating seniors +yryoqeGrBZ4-00609-00330910-00331240 going to college and that’s the best target. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00610-00331250-00331650 Kami: Excellent. Well we’re going to end there. That’s all the time that we have. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00611-00331650-00331990 But if you have additional questions that we weren’t able to address, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00612-00331990-00332470 please post those to our community forum, the Technology Planning Forum. There’s a link here. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00613-00332480-00333070 So Becky will be sending that out via the chat for you to write down or you’ll also get it +yryoqeGrBZ4-00614-00333070-00333450 in our post event email that I’ll send out in about an hour. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00615-00333450-00333850 If you are new to TechSoup and aren’t sure about all the things that we have to offer, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00616-00333850-00334440 in addition to these webinars we have articles, the community forums, we provide postings +yryoqeGrBZ4-00617-00334440-00334830 of upcoming events and we also have a donated software program. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00618-00334830-00335350 There are a couple of webinars coming up that I’d like to tell you about: Getting Started on Facebook +yryoqeGrBZ4-00619-00335360-00335830 is happening next week. And then there is actually a Twitter one happening the week after that, +yryoqeGrBZ4-00620-00335830-00336140 but I don’t have a description for you. And then in April we’ve got +yryoqeGrBZ4-00621-00336140-00336490 Finding the Perfect Donor Database. Very excited about those. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00622-00336490-00336890 And we’d like to thank Ready Talk. This webinar was made possible by Ready Talk +yryoqeGrBZ4-00623-00336890-00337280 which has donated the use of their system to TechSoup to help us raise awareness +yryoqeGrBZ4-00624-00337280-00337770 of technology throughout the nonprofit sector. Ready Talk helps nonprofits and libraries +yryoqeGrBZ4-00625-00337780-00338230 in the U.S. and Canada reach geographically dispersed areas and increase collaboration +yryoqeGrBZ4-00626-00338230-00338570 through their audio conferencing and web conferencing services. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00627-00338580-00339080 I’d like to again thank Pat and Bruce for such a great presentation and all this great information +yryoqeGrBZ4-00628-00339080-00339540 and for Pat putting together her new website and their refurbisher manuals +yryoqeGrBZ4-00629-00339540-00339880 that they both had to update for this webinar that we have on the TechSoup site. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00630-00339890-00340350 So you guys put in a lot of work for this and I truly appreciate your time and your energy. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00631-00340350-00340580 Bruce: You’re welcome. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00632-00340580-00340880 Kami: Great. So thanks everyone for attending, I hope you learned some new things +yryoqeGrBZ4-00633-00340890-00341350 and please provide us your feedback and fill out the post-event survey +yryoqeGrBZ4-00634-00341350-00341600 that will pop up on your screen as soon as I close this window. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00635-00341600-00342050 So have a great day and we’ll see you again on another webinar. Take care. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00636-00342050-00342260 Bruce: Thanks Kami.Kami: Thank you. +yryoqeGrBZ4-00637-00342260-00342610 Pat: Thank you.Kami: Bye-bye. +yyVhuwUCu30-00000-00000076-00000295 Carolyn Hutter: Thank you, Lucia, and thanks everybody. +yyVhuwUCu30-00001-00000295-00000680 It's really an exciting day and I'm glad to be here. +yyVhuwUCu30-00002-00000680-00001212 So I'm going to be talking today about some recommendations -- can you guys here me in +yyVhuwUCu30-00003-00001212-00001451 the back okay, if that was a concern? +yyVhuwUCu30-00004-00001451-00002005 Okay -- some recommendations on clinical sequencing at scale that were presented at a Future Opportunities +yyVhuwUCu30-00005-00002005-00002659 for Genome Sequencing and Beyond workshop that we held in July 2014. +yyVhuwUCu30-00006-00002659-00003080 And I think Eric really set the stage very well for, "Why are we talking -- why am I +yyVhuwUCu30-00007-00003080-00003251 talking today about recommendations from a workshop a year ago?" +yyVhuwUCu30-00008-00003251-00003351 And that's because that was the workshop that was focused, similar today on CSER, more broadly +yyVhuwUCu30-00009-00003351-00003451 on our Genome Sequencing Program. +yyVhuwUCu30-00010-00003451-00003551 And as CSER is budding off, we actually had a large portion of that matting that focused +yyVhuwUCu30-00011-00003551-00003651 on CSER. +yyVhuwUCu30-00012-00003651-00003751 And, really, the meeting was sort of talking about all four aspects of the Genome Sequencing +yyVhuwUCu30-00013-00003751-00003851 Program at the time. +yyVhuwUCu30-00014-00003851-00003951 And so just as Terry asked you to consider the recommendations from that, I think it's +yyVhuwUCu30-00015-00003951-00004051 important that we consider recommendations from the July meeting related to clinical +yyVhuwUCu30-00016-00004051-00004151 sequencing as well so we're not starting from scratch and really trying to have the discussions +yyVhuwUCu30-00017-00004151-00004251 -- building on discussions and recommendations we've had before. +yyVhuwUCu30-00018-00004251-00004351 So the July workshop, and I'm going to call it in shorthand, because saying -- saying, +yyVhuwUCu30-00019-00004351-00004451 "Future Opportunities for Genome Sequencing Beyond," over and over is hard. +yyVhuwUCu30-00020-00004451-00004551 So the July workshop topics focused on these four areas, genetic architecture of health +yyVhuwUCu30-00021-00004551-00004651 and disease, integrating genomic variant discovery with function, clinical genome sequencing, +yyVhuwUCu30-00022-00004651-00004751 and comparative and evolutionary genomics. +yyVhuwUCu30-00023-00004751-00004851 And, obviously, for today we're going to focus on the clinical genome sequencing and scale. +yyVhuwUCu30-00024-00004851-00004951 In terms of what happened at this particular workshop in this third area, there was sort +yyVhuwUCu30-00025-00004951-00005051 of a number of talks and presentations. +yyVhuwUCu30-00026-00005051-00005151 Dan Roden gave a state of the science talk on clinical sequencing. +yyVhuwUCu30-00027-00005151-00005251 Dan Masys gave what we call sort of a challenge talk, which I think he's going to be expanding +yyVhuwUCu30-00028-00005251-00005351 upon and sort of updating us on today, called, "Not Your Father's--" or, "Your Grandfather's +yyVhuwUCu30-00029-00005351-00005451 PDF." +yyVhuwUCu30-00030-00005451-00005551 I might have the title slightly wrong, but basically coming into the idea of sort of +yyVhuwUCu30-00031-00005551-00005651 really getting an interactive way to have information on clinical decision support. +yyVhuwUCu30-00032-00005651-00005751 Heidi and Sharon led a breakout group. +yyVhuwUCu30-00033-00005751-00005851 Apologies to Sharon that we don't have you at the podium picture, but we wanted to acknowledge +yyVhuwUCu30-00034-00005851-00005951 your involvement in that. +yyVhuwUCu30-00035-00005951-00006051 And then at the end, Jim and Lucia gave a overview of sort of how to -- of scenarios +yyVhuwUCu30-00036-00006051-00006151 and sort of features to think about in sort of moving these recommendations forward. +yyVhuwUCu30-00037-00006151-00006251 Really, I also wanted to call out who was in the breakout group. +yyVhuwUCu30-00038-00006251-00006351 Now, I'm going to note that this list here is who was assigned to be in the breakout +yyVhuwUCu30-00039-00006351-00006451 group, which I think correlates fairly well, but not 100 percent with who actually chose +yyVhuwUCu30-00040-00006451-00006551 to go to that room on the day. +yyVhuwUCu30-00041-00006551-00006651 But anyways, the group of people I think had a really productive and great conversation +yyVhuwUCu30-00042-00006651-00006751 that really helped kind of narrow down and focus some of the recommendations in the area. +yyVhuwUCu30-00043-00006751-00006851 And if you look at this list, you'll see there's a fair amount of overlap with who's in the +yyVhuwUCu30-00044-00006851-00006951 room either on the agenda or help in the -- just generally in the room today, which makes sense +yyVhuwUCu30-00045-00006951-00007051 given that. +yyVhuwUCu30-00046-00007051-00007151 But it's not also a 100 percent overlap in expertise as we're both in some ways more +yyVhuwUCu30-00047-00007151-00007251 focused and also in some ways more expansive into other areas such as LC that we're not +yyVhuwUCu30-00048-00007251-00007351 as much of a focus at the meeting last July. +yyVhuwUCu30-00049-00007351-00007451 Okay, so what came out of this in terms of the recommendations and the things we should +yyVhuwUCu30-00050-00007451-00007551 be thinking about today? +yyVhuwUCu30-00051-00007551-00007651 They really -- after taking all of the information from the discussions, we sort of came away +yyVhuwUCu30-00052-00007651-00007751 and grouped things into five areas. +yyVhuwUCu30-00053-00007751-00007851 I'm not going to read them now because I'm going to highlight, and then we'll go through +yyVhuwUCu30-00054-00007851-00007951 them all one at a time. +yyVhuwUCu30-00055-00007951-00008051 At the end, I'll have the link for the webpage where you can read the full meeting report, +yyVhuwUCu30-00056-00008051-00008151 if you want to see more details on this, or if you're interested in the recommendations +yyVhuwUCu30-00057-00008151-00008251 in the other three areas that I'm not covering at all. +yyVhuwUCu30-00058-00008251-00008351 So, first of all, there was a definite interest in sort of defining clinical contexts, sort +yyVhuwUCu30-00059-00008351-00008451 of the where and when in which genome sequencing can improve patient outcomes. +yyVhuwUCu30-00060-00008451-00008551 This is very much in line with what we're going to talk about at our 11:40 -- I might +yyVhuwUCu30-00061-00008551-00008651 have the time wrong -- section on clinical utility today and, you know, sort of coming +yyVhuwUCu30-00062-00008651-00008751 into this idea of, "How can really -- we really support catalytic research that moves it -- moves +yyVhuwUCu30-00063-00008751-00008851 things forward in this area?" +yyVhuwUCu30-00064-00008851-00008951 When can we think about, again, this, "whether and when genome sequencing tests, testing +yyVhuwUCu30-00065-00008951-00009051 improves health considering clinical utility and other actions?” +yyVhuwUCu30-00066-00009051-00009151 And thinking again -- and this came up in Terry's recommendations, about how do we do +yyVhuwUCu30-00067-00009151-00009251 all of this in the context of really evidence based paradigms? +yyVhuwUCu30-00068-00009251-00009351 There was also a clear message to think about the rule of sequencing not just in clinical +yyVhuwUCu30-00069-00009351-00009451 settings, but in relationship to screening and other aspects in public health. +yyVhuwUCu30-00070-00009451-00009551 The second set of recommendations really came more on the -- technical side. +yyVhuwUCu30-00071-00009551-00009651 And it's not something we're touching as much on today, but it really came into this idea +yyVhuwUCu30-00072-00009651-00009751 of, "How can we come up with robust detection of all clinically relevant variation?" +yyVhuwUCu30-00073-00009751-00009851 And I think this really provocative part that came forward is this idea of doing this more +yyVhuwUCu30-00074-00009851-00009951 in a single test kind of concept. +yyVhuwUCu30-00075-00009951-00010051 And, obviously, this is a lot of the discussion related around the importance of improving +yyVhuwUCu30-00076-00010051-00010151 accuracy while simultaneously decreasing costs and decreasing turnaround time in sort of +yyVhuwUCu30-00077-00010151-00010251 improvements and sequencing and sequencing pipelines. +yyVhuwUCu30-00078-00010251-00010351 But there was also a discussion about, "How do we expand?" and, "How do we think about +yyVhuwUCu30-00079-00010351-00010451 clinical?" +yyVhuwUCu30-00080-00010451-00010551 that goes beyond just DNA sequencing. +yyVhuwUCu30-00081-00010551-00010651 For example, expanding to RNA transcriptome for certain diseases where that might be merited +yyVhuwUCu30-00082-00010651-00010751 and more informative, as well as sort of thinking about and increasing the spectrum of tissues. +yyVhuwUCu30-00083-00010751-00010851 And sort of what is it that we're sequencing in areas that came up where, you know, the +yyVhuwUCu30-00084-00010851-00010951 importance of pushing single sell technologies for clinical care. +yyVhuwUCu30-00085-00010951-00011051 And then also just sort of considering circulating DNA or somatic variation in situations other +yyVhuwUCu30-00086-00011051-00011151 than tumor. +yyVhuwUCu30-00087-00011151-00011251 That might be informative in terms of considering sequencing. +yyVhuwUCu30-00088-00011251-00011351 The next set of recommendations really came into this -- came under what is sort of this +yyVhuwUCu30-00089-00011351-00011451 virtuous cycle concept of sort of thinking about, "How do we leverage clinical sequencing?" +yyVhuwUCu30-00090-00011451-00011551 especially the large amounts of clinical sequencing that are happening outside of NI -- NHGRI +yyVhuwUCu30-00091-00011551-00011651 or even NIH's purview to really come back and inform research use, and also how do we +yyVhuwUCu30-00092-00011651-00011751 get the findings from research use as quickly and efficiently as possible into clinical +yyVhuwUCu30-00093-00011751-00011851 settings? +yyVhuwUCu30-00094-00011851-00011951 So how can the discovery research feed into clinical and back and back? +yyVhuwUCu30-00095-00011951-00012051 And, again, the exemplary studies concept, which really came up throughout the meeting +yyVhuwUCu30-00096-00012051-00012151 quite a bit, was highlighted in this place. +yyVhuwUCu30-00097-00012151-00012251 And thinking about how to use this -- the clinical practice sequence to really come +yyVhuwUCu30-00098-00012251-00012351 up with ways to move forward studies of clinical utility and studies of clinical implementation, +yyVhuwUCu30-00099-00012351-00012451 but also how can we think about influencing key areas that are really central to NHGRI +yyVhuwUCu30-00100-00012451-00012551 and a lot of NHGRI's missions such as data sharing and tools development, and really +yyVhuwUCu30-00101-00012551-00012651 moving this not just in specific examples, but having the information to have broad impact +yyVhuwUCu30-00102-00012651-00012751 from this area. +yyVhuwUCu30-00103-00012751-00012851 The last -- the second to last to the fourth of the recommendations dealing with improving +yyVhuwUCu30-00104-00012851-00012951 approaches for determining pathogenicity, again, aligns very well with one of the sessions +yyVhuwUCu30-00105-00012951-00013051 that we'll be talking about today. +yyVhuwUCu30-00106-00013051-00013151 And it was really talking about, "How do we bring more than just the genome sequence and +yyVhuwUCu30-00107-00013151-00013251 bring in functional and computational data to really make assessments about pathogenicity +yyVhuwUCu30-00108-00013251-00013351 of variance?" +yyVhuwUCu30-00109-00013351-00013451 And a clear message which I think is not unknown to everyone in this room is that we're really +yyVhuwUCu30-00110-00013451-00013551 going to have to expand beyond manual curation. +yyVhuwUCu30-00111-00013551-00013651 As we move to, you know, the entire genome, many, many more people, many more disease +yyVhuwUCu30-00112-00013651-00013751 and health outcomes. +yyVhuwUCu30-00113-00013751-00013851 How do we really do this in efficient and effective manners? +yyVhuwUCu30-00114-00013851-00013951 And also how do we do this with standards, not just for the interpretation of pathogenicity +yyVhuwUCu30-00115-00013951-00014051 but for every aspect from sample acquisition to reporting results with clear standards +yyVhuwUCu30-00116-00014051-00014151 that can apply, not just to the studies we're doing, but really move the -- move the field? +yyVhuwUCu30-00117-00014151-00014251 And then the last set of recommendations fell under identifying effective methods for implementing +yyVhuwUCu30-00118-00014251-00014351 sequence in medical practice. +yyVhuwUCu30-00119-00014351-00014451 And, unsurprisingly, these recommendations line up with things that we'll be doing throughout +yyVhuwUCu30-00120-00014451-00014551 the day today. +yyVhuwUCu30-00121-00014551-00014651 One was coming into developing novel clinical decision support tools, which I think again +yyVhuwUCu30-00122-00014651-00014751 we're going to touch on in the first of the sessions this morning, broadening the population +yyVhuwUCu30-00123-00014751-00014851 impact to consider socioeconomic ancestral clinical settings, which is going to happen +yyVhuwUCu30-00124-00014851-00014951 in the 2:00 session this afternoon, and then finally connecting with professional societies. +yyVhuwUCu30-00125-00014951-00015051 And Katrina's going to give a nice overview of the influence that CSER's had in this third +yyVhuwUCu30-00126-00015051-00015151 area to date. +yyVhuwUCu30-00127-00015151-00015251 But as we think throughout the day, I think it's important to think about opportunities +yyVhuwUCu30-00128-00015251-00015351 in -- to do this more, moving forward. +yyVhuwUCu30-00129-00015351-00015451 So at a very high level, those are the five areas of recommendation. +yyVhuwUCu30-00130-00015451-00015551 And, again, to find out more about the workshop, I direct you to this website that has all +yyVhuwUCu30-00131-00015551-00015651 of the workshop resources. +yyVhuwUCu30-00132-00015651-00015751 Like today, it was video cast so you can see the YouTube videos, you can find the slides +yyVhuwUCu30-00133-00015751-00015851 online, you can read a summary of all the Tweets that happened during the workshop, +yyVhuwUCu30-00134-00015851-00015951 and then also the workshop report itself, which, again, goes into much more detail, +yyVhuwUCu30-00135-00015951-00016051 both about what I talked about today, and about recommendations in the other areas. +yyVhuwUCu30-00136-00016051-00016151 And I'll end with an acknowledgement, I'm not going to read through this, but a lot +yyVhuwUCu30-00137-00016151-00016251 of people who really influenced the workshop -- except to give a special shout out to Adam +yyVhuwUCu30-00138-00016251-00016351 Felsenfeld, who runs the Genome Sequencing Program and really was the key driver for +yyVhuwUCu30-00139-00016351-00016451 the July meeting. +yyVhuwUCu30-00140-00016451-00016551 So that's all I've got. +yyVhuwUCu30-00141-00016551-00016651 Lucia Hindorff: Thank you, Carolyn. +yyVhuwUCu30-00142-00016651-00016751 As you can see, the clinical sequencing is an area where NHGRI is obviously actively +yyVhuwUCu30-00143-00016751-00016851 interested in receiving input. +yyVhuwUCu30-00144-00016851-00016951 We have obviously more time in today's meeting to go into some of the themes that Carolyn +yyVhuwUCu30-00145-00016951-00017051 mentioned more thoroughly. +yyVhuwUCu30-00146-00017051-00017151 But we did cover a lot of really crucial ground in that July workshop. +yyVhuwUCu30-00147-00017151-00017251 So are there any brief questions for Carolyn before we move on? +yyVhuwUCu30-00148-00017251-00017351 Sharon? +yyVhuwUCu30-00149-00017351-00017451 Sharon Terry: You know, more of a comment. +yyVhuwUCu30-00150-00017451-00017551 That was a great summary. +yyVhuwUCu30-00151-00017551-00017651 I would just say on the sequencing technology part, we talked not just about accuracy but +yyVhuwUCu30-00152-00017651-00017751 the fact that we never really discussed that the current exome and genome methods don't +yyVhuwUCu30-00153-00017751-00017851 detect a whole variety of disease alleles. +yyVhuwUCu30-00154-00017851-00017951 Carolyn Hutter: Yes. +yyVhuwUCu30-00155-00017951-00018051 Sharon Terry: So like triplet repeats, telomere disorders, +yyVhuwUCu30-00156-00018051-00018151 I mean, there's -- it gets kind of pushed under the carpet that there's still a lot +yyVhuwUCu30-00157-00018151-00018251 of other types of genetic testing we need to order because our current exome and genome +yyVhuwUCu30-00158-00018251-00018351 methods don't. +yyVhuwUCu30-00159-00018351-00018451 So our idea of single test was really to expand the types of mutations as well as the accuracy. +yyVhuwUCu30-00160-00018451-00018551 Carolyn Hutter: Yeah, no, thanks for pointing that out. +yyVhuwUCu30-00161-00018551-00018651 And -- yeah, and I think there's -- it's -- a lot of things -- when you read this report, +yyVhuwUCu30-00162-00018651-00018751 there's a lot. +yyVhuwUCu30-00163-00018751-00018851 If you unpack all of these recommendations, there's a lot to them. +yyVhuwUCu30-00164-00018851-00018951 And I think what Sharon's highlighting is they're all clinically relevant of this recommendation. +yyVhuwUCu30-00165-00018951-00019051 And, again, even if you focused -- you know, I talked about expanding beyond DNA, but even +yyVhuwUCu30-00166-00019051-00019151 within DNA there's a lot that we're currently not addressing. +yyVhuwUCu30-00167-00019151-00019251 Lucia Hindorff: Laura? +yyVhuwUCu30-00168-00019251-00019351 Female Speaker: So actually I had a question about the all +yyVhuwUCu30-00169-00019351-00019451 clinically relevant. +yyVhuwUCu30-00170-00019451-00019551 Do -- did that mean relevant to any possible disease or condition in a single test or did +yyVhuwUCu30-00171-00019551-00019651 that mean all things that are relevant to the presenting diagnosis or something like +yyVhuwUCu30-00172-00019651-00019751 that? +yyVhuwUCu30-00173-00019751-00019851 Carolyn Hutter: You know, I think that's a -- that's a good +yyVhuwUCu30-00174-00019851-00019951 question that I would put maybe to Sharon and Heidi to see if you guys remember if in +yyVhuwUCu30-00175-00019951-00020051 that sort of concept. +yyVhuwUCu30-00176-00020051-00020151 Heidi Rehm: And we -- oh, go ahead. +yyVhuwUCu30-00177-00020151-00020251 Sharon Terry: No. +yyVhuwUCu30-00178-00020251-00020351 I was going to say you could certainly view it either way. +yyVhuwUCu30-00179-00020351-00020451 I think one of the things, as I mentioned we talked about, is at least clinical geneticists +yyVhuwUCu30-00180-00020451-00020551 still have to be pretty careful about when do you order an exome and a genome versus +yyVhuwUCu30-00181-00020551-00020651 a variety of other much more specific tests that the exome and genome don't actually detect. +yyVhuwUCu30-00182-00020651-00020751 But certainly the idea that at least for a given patient that you would only have to +yyVhuwUCu30-00183-00020751-00020851 order one test was a starting point. +yyVhuwUCu30-00184-00020851-00020951 But we were -- we were reflecting a bit more also on the problem of physicians being fooled +yyVhuwUCu30-00185-00020951-00021051 and thinking by ordering an exome or a genome, they're covering all territory where, in fact, +yyVhuwUCu30-00186-00021051-00021151 we know there are a number of mutation types that are not detected. +yyVhuwUCu30-00187-00021151-00021251 Carolyn Hutter: Yeah. +yyVhuwUCu30-00188-00021251-00021351 Heidi, did you want to add? +yyVhuwUCu30-00189-00021351-00021451 Heidi Rehm: Mainly just to agree with Sharon. +yyVhuwUCu30-00190-00021451-00021551 It was mostly related to the technical limitations and overcoming them so that it -- if you did +yyVhuwUCu30-00191-00021551-00021651 a test, whatever you needed to detect that was relevant could be detected, whether that +yyVhuwUCu30-00192-00021651-00021751 was all the secondary findings because that's what you were after, or it was related to +yyVhuwUCu30-00193-00021751-00021851 an indication. +yyVhuwUCu30-00194-00021851-00021951 Either way. +yyVhuwUCu30-00195-00021951-00022051 Carolyn Hutter: Levi? +yyVhuwUCu30-00196-00022051-00022151 Levi Garraway: So this is kind of more of a comment. +yyVhuwUCu30-00197-00022151-00022251 But the -- it was a great presentation and also reminded me it was a pretty good meeting, +yyVhuwUCu30-00198-00022251-00022351 actually. +yyVhuwUCu30-00199-00022351-00022451 Carolyn Hutter: Yes. +yyVhuwUCu30-00200-00022451-00022551 [laughter] +yyVhuwUCu30-00201-00022551-00022651 Levi Garraway: There was a lot of good material and -- +yyVhuwUCu30-00202-00022651-00022751 Carolyn Hutter: We like to say, "It was a great meeting." +yyVhuwUCu30-00203-00022751-00022851 [laughter] +yyVhuwUCu30-00204-00022851-00022951 Levi Garraway: Well, the reason I say it is because we'll +yyVhuwUCu30-00205-00022951-00023051 -- what we don't want to do is end up redoing that meeting. +yyVhuwUCu30-00206-00023051-00023151 We want to sort of start from that point and kind of move on. +yyVhuwUCu30-00207-00023151-00023251 And so I guess that as you were presenting, I was jotting down some areas where -- in +yyVhuwUCu30-00208-00023251-00023351 the context of Eric's presentation and others' where CSER are -- is obviously different. +yyVhuwUCu30-00209-00023351-00023451 And where the obvious kind of gaps are that CSER's filling that, at least, as far as I +yyVhuwUCu30-00210-00023451-00023551 know, there aren't other efforts. +yyVhuwUCu30-00211-00023551-00023651 And so one was apropos to this conversation, that -- not only the scale but the quality +yyVhuwUCu30-00212-00023651-00023751 of data. +yyVhuwUCu30-00213-00023751-00023851 So, you know, this is the one effort that is looking at a certain scale and a significant +yyVhuwUCu30-00214-00023851-00023951 effort into standards around how you deliver all the clinical relevant data. +yyVhuwUCu30-00215-00023951-00024051 There's the -- of course the frameworks for interpretation, particularly of uncertain +yyVhuwUCu30-00216-00024051-00024151 data. +yyVhuwUCu30-00217-00024151-00024251 I mean, the -- obviously, if you have IGNITE, that data's certain. +yyVhuwUCu30-00218-00024251-00024351 You know, there's a lot of data behind a lot of those variants, and there's not many variants +yyVhuwUCu30-00219-00024351-00024451 that are being returned. +yyVhuwUCu30-00220-00024451-00024551 So this is about uncertain data. +yyVhuwUCu30-00221-00024551-00024651 So that's pretty -- pretty new. +yyVhuwUCu30-00222-00024651-00024751 And then of course there's the LC part. +yyVhuwUCu30-00223-00024751-00024851 I mean, really -- what other effort has the study of the impact of not just sort of what +yyVhuwUCu30-00224-00024851-00024951 are the outcomes, what is the impact of returning on certain data? +yyVhuwUCu30-00225-00024951-00025051 So anyway, I was just throwing out kind of launch points where we can sort of, you know, +yyVhuwUCu30-00226-00025051-00025151 start from where we left off last year which was great. +yyVhuwUCu30-00227-00025151-00025251 There's a lot of good comments in those slides. +yyVhuwUCu30-00228-00025251-00025351 But to sort of get to -- well, so what is -- what's special -- remind ourselves what's +yyVhuwUCu30-00229-00025351-00025451 special about CSER, and so therefore, you know, for the next several years, what should +yyVhuwUCu30-00230-00025451-00025551 we be doing in those -- how can we really innovate in those spaces because, frankly, +yyVhuwUCu30-00231-00025551-00025651 I don't know of any other effort that's innovating in those spaces? +yyVhuwUCu30-00232-00025651-00025751 Carolyn Hutter: Yeah. +yyVhuwUCu30-00233-00025751-00025851 No, and I agree, and I think that you really hit the -- hit on the nose. +yyVhuwUCu30-00234-00025851-00025951 And this is also part of why we started today, both with these recommendations, and Terry +yyVhuwUCu30-00235-00025951-00026051 going over the recommendations from the GM8 meeting as well, because we do want to launch +yyVhuwUCu30-00236-00026051-00026151 off. +yyVhuwUCu30-00237-00026151-00026251 And I may have -- see if Lucia also wants to comment in that, and think about -- you +yyVhuwUCu30-00238-00026251-00026351 know, to me, it's sort of talking about this -- this clinical implementation and where +yyVhuwUCu30-00239-00026351-00026451 is it that -- at that interface where you're really coming in and doing the implementation +yyVhuwUCu30-00240-00026451-00026551 in the clinic that we want to have. +yyVhuwUCu30-00241-00026551-00026651 So Bob? +yyVhuwUCu30-00242-00026651-00026751 Male Speaker: Yeah, I just wanted to follow up on Sharon +yyVhuwUCu30-00243-00026751-00026851 and Heidi's comment and ask a question of NHGRI. +yyVhuwUCu30-00244-00026851-00026951 And that is that -- the inability to detect certain kinds of variance is really a technical +yyVhuwUCu30-00245-00026951-00027051 issue of next generation sequencing. +yyVhuwUCu30-00246-00027051-00027151 And I'm wondering how NHGRI views technology development as part of their job in sequencing, +yyVhuwUCu30-00247-00027151-00027251 or are they going to rely on the juggernauts, commercial and otherwise, that are trying +yyVhuwUCu30-00248-00027251-00027351 to improve their on sequencing? +yyVhuwUCu30-00249-00027351-00027451 Carolyn Hutter: Yes. +yyVhuwUCu30-00250-00027451-00027551 I am very glad that Mike Smith is coming to the microphone and I'm going to hand that +yyVhuwUCu30-00251-00027551-00027651 over to him. +yyVhuwUCu30-00252-00027651-00027751 Male Speaker: So we clearly understand that we need better +yyVhuwUCu30-00253-00027751-00027851 quality. +yyVhuwUCu30-00254-00027851-00027951 We need longer read lengths and just new ways of sequencing. +yyVhuwUCu30-00255-00027951-00028051 And there is a novel nucleic acid sequencing technology development, RFA, on the street. +yyVhuwUCu30-00256-00028051-00028151 Applications are due in about a month. +yyVhuwUCu30-00257-00028151-00028251 There are three application dates over the next three years. +yyVhuwUCu30-00258-00028251-00028351 So, clearly, we know we need better sequencing and new methods. +yyVhuwUCu30-00259-00028351-00028451 Carolyn Hutter: Jeff? +yyVhuwUCu30-00260-00028451-00028551 Male Speaker: Yeah, I just hope -- Sharon's comments in +yyVhuwUCu30-00261-00028551-00028651 particular prompt me to say that it's -- it's useful when we're talking about planning for +yyVhuwUCu30-00262-00028651-00028751 a particular program, to hear what that program needs from other programs in the institute. +yyVhuwUCu30-00263-00028751-00028851 And so we actually get some pushback, even at the level of our council, which surprises +yyVhuwUCu30-00264-00028851-00028951 me. +yyVhuwUCu30-00265-00028951-00029051 But about whether NHGRI should be investing in technology development isn't that -- isn't +yyVhuwUCu30-00266-00029051-00029151 that the private sector's job? +yyVhuwUCu30-00267-00029151-00029251 A lot of us think that, that's not the case, but -- so just let me make the general statement +yyVhuwUCu30-00268-00029251-00029351 then, that if you need things to advance the goals of this program from other parts of +yyVhuwUCu30-00269-00029351-00029451 NHGRI's programs, it would be helpful to hear that. +yyVhuwUCu30-00270-00029451-00029551 Sharon Terry: Well, I guess the one point I make that I've +yyVhuwUCu30-00271-00029551-00029651 made a couple times, I think, to Lucia, is that -- so our grant is in the first round. +yyVhuwUCu30-00272-00029651-00029751 So it -- I don't think it got mentioned that we have two rounds. +yyVhuwUCu30-00273-00029751-00029851 But at least for the group in the first round, I think we forget that the Project Two teams +yyVhuwUCu30-00274-00029851-00029951 were really given -- were at a time where nobody really was thinking, "You could do +yyVhuwUCu30-00275-00029951-00030051 this in real time, sample by sample, report it, get it into an EMR." +yyVhuwUCu30-00276-00030051-00030151 And I think we sometimes discount the work that the Project Two teams did to get us to +yyVhuwUCu30-00277-00030151-00030251 the point where now lot -- thousands of patients are having exome sequencing that was done +yyVhuwUCu30-00278-00030251-00030351 both by those teams and of course by others. +yyVhuwUCu30-00279-00030351-00030451 And so I just raise, I think, if the -- for -- if there's going to be a CSER2, that we +yyVhuwUCu30-00280-00030451-00030551 also want some creativity for the technology aspect of the project as well. +yyVhuwUCu30-00281-00030551-00030651 And I think there's still a lot to be done. +yyVhuwUCu30-00282-00030651-00030751 Lucia Hindorff: That's a really good point, Sharon. +yyVhuwUCu30-00283-00030751-00030851 I think we need to wrap up the session so we can stay on time. +yyVhuwUCu30-00284-00030851-00030951 But thank you all for your feedback. +yyVhuwUCu30-00285-00030951-00031051 Carolyn Hutter: Thanks, everyone. +yyVhuwUCu30-00286-00031051-00031151 Lucia Hindorff: Okay, so you've heard from NHGRI leadership +yyVhuwUCu30-00287-00031151-00031251 and program staff about some of the NHGRI leveled perspectives and I'd like to introduce +yyVhuwUCu30-00288-00031251-00031351 Katrina Goddard now from Kaiser Permanente Northwest and the coacher of the CSER Steering +yyVhuwUCu30-00289-00031351-00031451 Committee to give you the investigator's perspective. +yyVhuwUCu30-00290-00031451-00031551 Katrina, will you bring up your slides here? +yyVhuwUCu30-00291-00031551-00031551 [end of transcript] +y_t9MVWb1t8-00000-00000000-00000200 Creating Query in Libre Base Data Base +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00000-00001291-00001608 VVP presents +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00001-00001792-00002094 "The Memory of the righteous" - Season 01 Episode 0 - Pilot +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00002-00002186-00002458 ideated by +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00003-00003153-00003510 screenplay by +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00004-00003921-00004158 directing and editing +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00005-00005015-00005431 photography by +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00006-00005669-00006049 still photographer +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00007-00006339-00006670 rvm broadcast by +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00008-00006885-00007222 scenography by +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00009-00007531-00007842 music by +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00010-00008218-00008899 Palermo 2011- Southern Sicily- Italy +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00011-00009121-00009195 Is it ok like this for you ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00012-00009199-00009376 Yes it's fine you can leave the beard! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00013-00009926-00009986 Et voil�! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00014-00010013-00010060 Thanks +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00015-00010274-00010340 .... is this all right? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00016-00010406-00010661 Of course here we even accept �cannoli� sweet for payment. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00017-00011677-00011832 Paul... Good morning. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00018-00011870-00012003 Good morning, Father John +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00019-00012062-00012352 Do you have time to cut hair to Nino, our little guest? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00020-00012358-00012563 Sure. Come on, sit down here... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00021-00012571-00012755 ... and I sit here too. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00022-00013047-00013206 and this is today's newspapers? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00023-00013267-00013404 Yes freshly bought it +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00024-00013451-00013636 Then let me check it what it says eh? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00025-00013833-00013927 Are you ok? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00026-00013970-00014045 That's all right +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00027-00014166-00014328 Look here what it says +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00028-00014387-00014692 These are hard times for homosexuals who belong to Catholic faith +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00029-00014737-00015012 In the week approaching Palermo Pride 2011 +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00030-00015063-00015297 the city demonstration event for the gay pride +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00031-00015347-00015770 the Cury of Palermo has banned a vigil prayer for the victims of homophobia +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00032-00015820-00016054 as provided in the church of Saint Lucia in Palermo +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00033-00016095-00016309 next 12th May at 9 pm. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00034-00016516-00016601 Here it is +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00035-00016622-00016946 again the same words on the homophobic diatribes... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00036-00017068-00017229 See father John +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00037-00017276-00017699 the Cury has banned the vigil prayer in memory of the victims of homophobia. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00038-00017801-00018140 It's sorry to see that some people, even from the church, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00039-00018205-00018394 they want us believing... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00040-00018432-00018720 gays and immigrants are not common people. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00041-00018886-00018979 My dear friend +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00042-00019020-00019097 perhaps +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00043-00019140-00019315 this is the reason +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00044-00019334-00019630 I risk to be relocate to another city or maybe not +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00045-00019748-00019924 this I cannot know for sure but +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00046-00019953-00020057 I can say that +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00047-00020129-00020489 I have always fought against such discriminatory words +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00048-00020600-00020732 both when I was secular +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00049-00020785-00021082 and when I wore this robe, with respect +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00050-00021265-00021425 'cause God +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00051-00021477-00021938 never wanted us calling any man impure or profane +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00052-00022105-00022518 and look at the church for luck is changing these days huh +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00053-00022628-00022830 sure in the past even they commit their faults +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00054-00022891-00023059 like so many other religious groups ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00055-00023277-00023388 think about the Jews +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00056-00023448-00023666 who have killed our Lord Jesus Christ +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00057-00023796-00024080 one who preached love for everybody even for enemies +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00058-00024309-00024406 and then ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00059-00024425-00024591 I believe that... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00060-00024620-00024785 we should overcome these things +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00061-00024841-00024982 and go over ... 'cause +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00062-00025023-00025532 we cannot discriminate people neither based on their creed or based on their personal choices. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00063-00025817-00025931 Indeed you're right ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00064-00025953-00026178 we are all Lord's creatures +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00065-00026253-00026483 why should we make standings +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00066-00026570-00026618 huh ?! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00067-00026735-00027150 And then, the church should not treat, we homosexuals, as sick people +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00068-00027246-00027504 sex is a personal choice +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00069-00027540-00027971 that has nothing to do with love because it has not the same connotations indeed +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00070-00028064-00028255 and should be devoted to anyone +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00071-00028265-00028415 and indeed the racists today +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00072-00028454-00028771 should commit to build bridges to our neighbors +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00073-00028849-00028972 and not mental closures ... - Paul +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00074-00028975-00029084 aren't you coming to the parade? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00075-00029090-00029252 Well I'm working ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00076-00029343-00029554 Ok then so I will let you know all right? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00077-00029566-00029730 Right fine. Bye - Bye +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00078-00030247-00030314 What's up '? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00079-00030474-00030602 Father listen to me! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00080-00030675-00030909 ours is a warning +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00081-00030979-00031316 we don't want a church that accepts +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00082-00031377-00031557 gays and lesbians +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00083-00031613-00031813 otherwise there will be troubles +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00084-00032037-00032104 Thanks +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00085-00032954-00033109 Do we reached this level? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00086-00033287-00033419 Listen to me, brother .. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00087-00033457-00033528 Yes +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00088-00033635-00033819 The Cury charged me to tell you +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00089-00033937-00034211 that it would be better for you if you accept a transfer to North +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00090-00034635-00034707 I see +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00091-00034870-00035074 ... be done the will of Lord! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00092-00035138-00035340 may I know the reason at least? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00093-00035395-00035754 Does any brother or any parishioner do they complain about my work here? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00094-00035863-00036103 The Cury does not agree with some of your thinking +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00095-00036240-00036534 and it seems that they have finally figured out who your parents are. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00096-00036589-00036661 What are you talking about? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00097-00036773-00036905 Isn't it a joke? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00098-00036917-00036960 No +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00099-00036990-00037142 ... then please go on.. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00100-00037494-00037576 They are jews +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00101-00037721-00037968 probably you have been kidnapped for ransom +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00102-00038012-00038156 but at the end they left you here +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00103-00038165-00038342 and Parish Priest found you. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00104-00038405-00038486 Jews ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00105-00038649-00038748 Jews +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00106-00038962-00039196 ... at least now I know what my roots are ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00107-00039385-00039492 Brother +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00108-00039587-00039775 Don't worry it 's nothing +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00109-00040000-00040191 ... all these reports together +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00110-00040514-00040635 .. then it's okay ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00111-00040778-00040984 Let's give me time to get ready and +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00112-00041026-00041180 I'll be leaving when you want it +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00113-00041338-00041689 at least may I know where I have been send from saint Mother church? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00114-00041860-00042029 Sure is Chivasso +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00115-00042055-00042160 it's a Turin province. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00116-00042192-00042299 Listen to me John ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00117-00042347-00042584 Here... you have the train ticket, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00118-00042757-00042841 Basically here +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00119-00042907-00043043 too many people +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00120-00043077-00043351 are now aware of your secret +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00121-00043603-00043702 while in North +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00122-00043724-00043956 virtually nobody knows about your history. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00123-00044127-00044220 I recommend you +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00124-00044334-00044444 to be very careful. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00125-00044738-00044796 Chivasso +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00126-00045011-00045188 do not worry Parish priest... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00127-00045318-00045539 I'll move myself with discretion +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00128-00045669-00045871 and... who do I search for? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00129-00046191-00046330 As far as we know +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00130-00046449-00046626 teacher Bocca +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00131-00046687-00046866 knows everything about your roots +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00132-00046908-00046989 indeed +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00133-00047055-00047165 he'll be able to +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00134-00047238-00047551 guide you towards about your ancestors +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00135-00047628-00047757 It 'a consolation +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00136-00047971-00048058 and +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00137-00048444-00048498 you know +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00138-00048632-00048716 sometimes +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00139-00048855-00048976 try to think +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00140-00049046-00049212 a little bit about us +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00141-00049280-00049439 Be done the will of the Lord +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00142-00049480-00049714 Praised be Jesus Christ ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00143-00049973-00050150 always be praised ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00144-00053217-00053436 I bet you are expecting someone from Sicily +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00145-00053459-00053746 Huh... father John, what a pleasure ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00146-00053765-00053876 Pleasure is mine and ...you are? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00147-00053904-00054089 Father Aldo, did u travel well? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00148-00054122-00054507 Well thanks the train was quite comfortable and well detailed +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00149-00054605-00054998 then in fact I expected North with the usual fog and light rain... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00150-00055001-00055125 but look what a nice light ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00151-00055179-00055417 I hope that this can be a good omen ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00152-00056682-00057087 Think that once upon a time, this one was the Littorian house where Mussolini spoke +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00153-00057310-00057737 Dear brother those were dark times where Jews, for example, were discriminated +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00154-00057776-00057982 Really... those old times +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00155-00057994-00058141 This square is beautiful +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00156-00061268-00061701 These narrow streets remind me the county from where I'm coming +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00157-00061704-00061796 Oh really? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00158-00061866-00062096 And Sicily is forever in my heart ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00159-00062177-00062408 It will be interesting to see inside... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00160-00062511-00062591 Nice +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00161-00064284-00064633 You know the immigrants who moved to Piedmont... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00162-00064695-00065001 and that sometimes come to hear our sermons +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00163-00065039-00065388 may not agree speeches about benefits on the people of Israel +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00164-00065452-00065692 so do not ever refer to it, ok ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00165-00065826-00065887 I see +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00166-00065991-00066063 then +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00167-00066133-00066331 I hope in God +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00168-00066364-00066529 will help me to say the right words +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00169-00066561-00066713 to not raise new barriers +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00170-00066887-00067179 also because what I saw in Sicily dear brother Aldo +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00171-00067233-00067331 was unfair enough +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00172-00067443-00067698 many believers and the Cury have prohibited +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00173-00067701-00067969 a procession that was made to commemorate the victims of homophobia +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00174-00068077-00068130 ... so +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00175-00068186-00068337 even though times change +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00176-00068340-00068551 there 's always someone against someone else +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00177-00068592-00068846 for reasons of faith or personal issues. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00178-00068920-00069060 I agree with you +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00179-00069078-00069229 we are all God's children +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00180-00069283-00069510 and many of us are of Jewish descent +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00181-00069513-00069554 Ah ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00182-00069599-00069834 Think at what my grandparents told me... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00183-00069837-00070089 many years ago, centuries before Hitler, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00184-00070136-00070399 in Spain especially in Barcelona +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00185-00070426-00070720 they created 'limpieza de sangre' for converts +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00186-00070763-00071159 to continue marginalizing Jews who had become Christians +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00187-00071201-00071522 while those who do not adjusted to a conversion +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00188-00071606-00071906 were investigated or expelled from the Iberian Peninsula +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00189-00071974-00072185 ... they were even against the Arabs. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00190-00072258-00072413 You're right ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00191-00072446-00072554 I feel now +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00192-00072574-00072777 I would like to continue +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00193-00072741-00072920 this conversation another time if you do not mind +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00194-00072957-00073054 brother Aldo +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00195-00073076-00073266 I would go get some rest now in the room +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00196-00074148-00074206 Brother +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00197-00074268-00074419 this is your room +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00198-00074452-00074537 It 'nice +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00199-00074586-00074739 I like it is pretty, thanks. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00200-00074805-00074939 I wish you good rest ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00201-00074942-00075079 Hello to you too +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00202-00075082-00075182 Hello Hello +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00203-00078750-00078840 See Isabel... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00204-00078924-00079078 all these godless people... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00205-00079171-00079287 or they convert themselves +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00206-00079359-00079580 otherwise they will be expelled from our Holy Empire ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00207-00079664-00079754 I agree with you +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00208-00079821-00080208 but I think we might try to convince them with our Holy Inquisition ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00209-00080278-00080496 Do you remember what pope Pius the IVth claims? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00210-00080656-00080961 "Reconciliation never: never piety ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00211-00081085-00081464 Let's exterminate who submits, and let's exterminate those who resist ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00212-00081528-00081724 Let's persecute them to death ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00213-00081736-00081821 Kill them ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00214-00081868-00081962 Burn them ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00215-00082010-00082211 everything should go to fire and blood !" +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00216-00082296-00082352 Right ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00217-00082355-00082509 Take them to our rooms ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00218-00082702-00082827 Doesn't say the Bible: +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00219-00082854-00083072 �There is neither Jew nor Greek, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00220-00083097-00083333 slave nor free, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00221-00083354-00083569 male nor female, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00222-00083572-00083870 for you are all one in Christ Jesus.� ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00223-00083923-00084129 Limpieza of sangre (cleaning of blood) is very important ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00224-00084192-00084281 Marranos (Pigs) ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00225-00084366-00084595 Jews converts to Christianity +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00226-00084688-00084911 should be monitored continuously +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00227-00085040-00085187 and same should be done for Moriscos, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00228-00085286-00085446 they should be followed carefully ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00229-00085705-00085919 They say that some of them +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00230-00085943-00086300 gather to pray according to their old habits . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00231-00092486-00092542 Father ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00232-00092675-00092715 Yes ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00233-00092804-00093120 Are you the new minister who has come for us now? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00234-00093127-00093225 Father John +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00235-00093228-00093324 Teacher Bocca +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00236-00093331-00093411 Nice to meet you ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00237-00093414-00093521 How are you, all right? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00238-00093521-00093659 Everything is fine thanks . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00239-00093662-00093853 I was on my way... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00240-00093856-00093994 to the church +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00241-00093997-00094260 where some of my friends are waiting for me +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00242-00094337-00094576 if you wants you can come with me so then... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00243-00094590-00094779 Of course so I can start meeting +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00244-00094789-00094997 and knowing... some people of Chivasso +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00245-00095009-00095339 Don't tell me you do not remember that today arrives here teacher Bocca +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00246-00095415-00095646 Ops... no I'd almost forgotten about . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00247-00095764-00095886 You were right to remember it to me, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00248-00095889-00096274 he is one of the few people who remembers the historical Chivasso and not only that ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00249-00096334-00096644 Have you seen meanwhile that Chivasso have added to its ranks +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00250-00096651-00096845 another priest from South? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00251-00096951-00097222 Oh yes, of our people we are few nowadays... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00252-00097225-00097345 shh... is coming the teacher ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00253-00097353-00097415 Good morning +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00254-00097465-00097635 sorry for my delay but +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00255-00097683-00097994 I come by GTT bus, you know at my age ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00256-00098044-00098117 travelling... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00257-00098142-00098305 our age Yes in our age +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00258-00098378-00098665 driving is not very reassuring, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00259-00098678-00098804 I was with father John +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00260-00098824-00099060 indeed I will introducing him to you... please +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00261-00099079-00099164 Peace and well be with you ! Father +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00262-00099167-00099281 Father +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00263-00099417-00099854 we were .. I was carrying father John to visit Chivasso, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00264-00099894-00100096 do you want to join us? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00265-00100108-00100272 Willingly Thank you +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00266-00100352-00100633 Then I am discovering this beautiful city � +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00267-00102068-00102280 As I told u previously, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00268-00102442-00102729 there was the Jewish hospital +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00269-00102732-00103054 where, during the plague of 1400, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00270-00103095-00103482 were admitted many Jewish lepers ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00271-00103485-00103813 here was the Jewish ghetto, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00272-00103820-00104221 if you do manage to imagine for an istant +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00273-00104267-00104553 all without this modern gate, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00274-00104628-00104787 with no elevator, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00275-00104907-00105203 there were under the kosher shops +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00276-00105315-00105861 and here lived the great community in 1400, it was the Jewish ghetto ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00277-00106039-00106330 It 's all very interesting, I thank you teacher, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00278-00106379-00106842 before about Chivasso I knew only the �Summa Angelica� of Blessed Angelo Carletti +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00279-00106928-00107003 and nothing else . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00280-00107059-00107420 Reverend but Chivasso was also the capital of Monferrato ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00281-00107440-00107792 and we had many famous painters like Demetrio Cosola +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00282-00107931-00108135 and even previously we had +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00283-00108145-00108362 Garibaldi who stopped here +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00284-00108379-00108718 as well as one of the first silent cinema, - Ah ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00285-00108765-00108951 did you see the plaque about him? - Yes +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00286-00108954-00109343 if you want to see it then follow me +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00287-00109358-00109573 Let's see the license plaque ! Let's go ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00288-00109840-00110001 Oh how many nice people ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00289-00110007-00110135 Hi mates +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00290-00110138-00110286 Hi - Hi +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00291-00110290-00110416 And who is him? (in dialect) +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00292-00110422-00110623 Father John I introduce you our friend Julian +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00293-00110626-00110728 Oh nice to meet you +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00294-00110731-00110830 Nice to meet you too, father John . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00295-00110828-00110944 We hope that he behave himself well (in dialect) +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00296-00110947-00111102 Everything will be fine . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00297-00111194-00111439 Right as I was telling you this is the plaque +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00298-00111442-00111791 that Chivasso wanted to dedicate to Giuseppe Garibaldi, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00299-00111794-00111938 about his step here . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00300-00111941-00112009 Oh well ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00301-00112101-00112382 ...from what I understood, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00302-00112391-00112840 perhaps Garibaldi, didn't do too well working to unify Italy, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00303-00112866-00113316 before it the South under the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was rich and prosperous +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00304-00113322-00113631 and the first rail station was in Portici +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00305-00113634-00113690 It's true ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00306-00113693-00114152 And even when Mozart stayed in Naples said it was the most beautiful city of the world +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00307-00114141-00114209 It's true ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00308-00114212-00114705 Yeah ... in this I agree with you +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00309-00114723-00115133 indeed the celebrations on these days +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00310-00115197-00115477 for the 150th year of Unity of Italy, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00311-00115480-00115624 I find them a bit exaggerated ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00312-00115681-00116057 because as Massimo D'Azeglio said: +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00313-00116148-00116641 "We have made Italy now, however, we still must make the Italians !" +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00314-00116644-00116733 It 'still relevant . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00315-00116736-00116919 It 'still relevant - He's right -Yes +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00316-00116925-00117189 We must still work to make it a reality. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00317-00117192-00117345 Eh I don't know but ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00318-00117390-00117712 well if you want to follow me let's going +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00319-00117715-00118106 to see the first synagogue that was here... - Ah +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00320-00118109-00118362 very willingly +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00321-00120824-00121034 We are entering into the past of Chivasso... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00322-00121469-00121514 Here it is +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00323-00121599-00121900 Here there was the synagogue back in years . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00324-00122438-00122686 Father John !? -Tell me brother ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00325-00122695-00123064 The Parish Priest said if you can come helping us for confessions +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00326-00123067-00123196 Of course I come right now, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00327-00123211-00123432 well then I salute these dear friends, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00328-00123435-00123781 see you soon and I wait for you at worship services eh? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00329-00123784-00124059 Sure Sure bye +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00330-00125305-00125611 Don't show much interest in the history of Chivasso +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00331-00125663-00125811 and especially about the synagogue +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00332-00125895-00126113 I have yet to introduce yourself to the Parish Priest +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00333-00126265-00126458 and know that you are of Jewish origin +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00334-00126555-00126631 like me +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00335-00126676-00126729 You too ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00336-00126901-00127189 Even I when I choose to become a priest I did not know many things ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00337-00127273-00127427 and now I have some remorse +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00338-00127594-00127716 but things are going like this ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00339-00127778-00128051 I understand and I thank you brother for these words . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00340-00129195-00129295 Hello John +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00341-00129325-00129401 Father +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00342-00129471-00129846 The Parish Priest of Palermo spoke very well of you, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00343-00129940-00130254 I hope you will be fine in the city of your maternal grandparents . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00344-00130264-00130420 I thank you . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00345-00130427-00130755 I'm sure I'll be well here here among you brothers +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00346-00130839-00131040 But I have bad news for you . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00347-00131211-00131377 both your grannie than your auntie ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00348-00131386-00131607 were deported to Poland +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00349-00131634-00131738 during the war +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00350-00131756-00131870 I see +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00351-00132001-00132134 And I who thought that +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00352-00132150-00132431 with this transfer to Chivasso I could +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00353-00132460-00132717 what I can say, I could understand a little more about my roots... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00354-00132777-00133034 Teacher Bocca definitely +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00355-00133049-00133293 he will tell you something more about it ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00356-00133388-00133746 If the providence wants I will meet maybe some other relative . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00357-00138348-00138498 Stop ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00358-00138600-00138887 Do let me in, I must speak with Mr Duke ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00359-00139561-00139655 Yes ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00360-00139664-00139873 how dare you get in such a way? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00361-00140017-00140150 Excuse me Mr. Duke +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00362-00140153-00140294 ... I am Eva of Chivasso, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00363-00140307-00140632 I am the spokesperson for my people who have wrongly kicked out +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00364-00140635-00140874 for having listened to Father Anthony of Cremona . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00365-00140924-00141134 Yes I have let senting you away +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00366-00141142-00141525 to allow the Cardinal Borromeo to find the streets purified +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00367-00141565-00141928 with the aim of reaching the exposition of the Holy Shroud in Turin, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00368-00141989-00142256 where they had made it transfer from Chambery +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00369-00142446-00142918 so giving him the Distinguished to save him the trouble of crossing the Alps ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00370-00143031-00143179 .. and if I correctly remember, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00371-00143182-00143424 praying that the plague did not touch him +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00372-00143550-00143625 Okay +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00373-00143628-00143923 so then if He is gone away may we come back? ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00374-00143991-00144105 We'll think about it ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00375-00144196-00144285 Ok then ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00376-00144293-00144730 if you promise us to stay in your ghetto in via della Misericordia, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00377-00144843-00144956 It's no more a problem ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00378-00145007-00145212 On behalf of my people I thank you . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00379-00145237-00145427 Now let's go back from where you're coming from ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00380-00150952-00151036 Teacher... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00381-00151039-00151296 Oh father John 'morning how are you ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00382-00151299-00151508 Good morning to you, ok thanks and you? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00383-00151547-00151670 Quite well, thanks +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00384-00151702-00151981 I am lucky meeting you now -Oh ... tell me .. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00385-00151984-00152275 Yes, because if you have a little bit of time +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00386-00152287-00152483 I wanted to ask you some things... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00387-00152499-00152787 Tell me if I may help +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00388-00152813-00153365 Behold, I have read some pages of a book dedicated to father Giuseppe Girotti +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00389-00153378-00153561 and these pages impressionated me a lot, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00390-00153583-00153886 are you aware of something about the life of this man? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00391-00153901-00154433 Well I know that he was a great priest and a great Bible scholar, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00392-00154524-00154848 counted among the righteous among the nations +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00393-00154894-00155408 for his sacrifice on behalf of Jews during the Holocaust +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00394-00155411-00155517 I see +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00395-00155533-00156030 In fact I would advise you if you goes to Turin - Yes +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00396-00156093-00156494 Go to the church of San Domenico and then you may be able to know +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00397-00156506-00156797 your two female cousins - My two female cousins? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00398-00156808-00157045 Esther and Ruth Sacerdote +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00399-00157123-00157522 that they are the only two granddaughters of your grandmother Ernesta +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00400-00157577-00158386 who was deported during the Second World War, and who had the shop next to the church . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00401-00158404-00158991 You... teacher you are giving me an other important brick about the life of my family ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00402-00159041-00159452 You cannot imagine how this makes me happy I thank you ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00403-00159492-00159738 My pleasure - But how do you know all these things? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00404-00159752-00160450 'Cause it's years since I am devoting myself to studies about �anusim� and �conversos� and helping the converts +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00405-00160453-00161202 against their willingness to return to their origins through �teshuv�� . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00406-00161205-00161408 Well ... I thank you . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00407-00161656-00162377 Ehm ... excuse me teacher, I have great respect for you ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00408-00162380-00162718 enough to ask you a delicate question for me, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00409-00162807-00163283 You at my place would he leave the church? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00410-00163286-00163813 The return to Judaism is a personal matter, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00411-00163871-00164105 so I cannot give any advice to you ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00412-00164117-00164453 You are right my question was na�ve I am sorry ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00413-00164465-00164979 In fact I salute you 'cause I have to go and I have to catch the bus. - Goodbye +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00414-00164991-00165146 - Goodbye Bye +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00415-00171389-00171810 here on August 29, 1944, he was treacherously arrested Father Giuseppe Girotti for helping the Jews. Deported and died in Dachau April 1, 1944 +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00416-00171838-00172511 Father ... excuse me, is this the church where lived father Giuseppe Girotti? - Please +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00417-00172514-00172734 Yes this is precisely the church of St. Domenico ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00418-00172827-00173205 You may come with me to see the cell where he lived, would you come up? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00419-00173208-00173478 Yeah, it would make me very happy - Let's come then ! - - Thanks +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00420-00179121-00179603 Here we are in the central corridor of the convent where there are many cells of the monks +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00421-00179614-00180270 and father Girotti often secluded himself in this small cell not quite great now I show it to you too huh? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00422-00180297-00180692 - Thanks Here on the right in the small hall ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00423-00181653-00182096 He was an exemplary figure - Sure exactly ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00424-00182099-00182462 He had many problems, this is his little cell, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00425-00182465-00182912 where he also wrote many books, for real, he knew very well the Sacred Scriptures +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00426-00182915-00183638 and he could speak very well even Hebrew language, and he helped many Jews even in their own language +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00427-00183641-00183994 So he had a great culture - Indeed - - Do you see ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00428-00184049-00184239 I found this book in Chivasso, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00429-00184300-00184610 i started reading it and the history of this man touched me very much +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00430-00184649-00185192 I wanted to see this little room where he spent his life for others +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00431-00185355-00185933 He was a person who should be beatified ! - Oh you're right he is worth ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00432-00186116-00186293 He saved many Jews ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00433-00186394-00186883 Yes and he has indeed paid personally for his charity, isn't it? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00434-00187285-00187568 Gimme a dime for my children ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00435-00187674-00187863 Fuck you bloody nigger ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00436-00187996-00188241 Hey . Let's stop it ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00437-00187996-00188245 Help... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00438-00188248-00188430 Police +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00439-00188923-00189107 Do they make pain to you ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00440-00189255-00189520 Are you ok ? - Yes ok but my leg hurts me +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00441-00189523-00189879 why do they have it with me? - The world is full of ignorance and hatred, do not worry +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00442-00189893-00190089 All right? - Yes I'm fine now +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00443-00190137-00190350 Are you sure don't you want a glass of water? - Yes , yes . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00444-00190353-00190611 Thanks agent +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00445-00194592-00194763 Bless me father +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00446-00194901-00195020 May God bless you ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00447-00195301-00195387 Please +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00448-00195858-00196075 Welcome home brother +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00449-00196197-00196351 May I be useful to you? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00450-00196452-00196826 This church father is an Orthodox Church? - Yes +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00451-00197116-00197630 All these icons all these saints are watching us from above +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00452-00197652-00197727 Yes +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00453-00197976-00198447 Who knows what will they think about us eh? - Surely they are means to reach God . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00454-00198614-00198818 I would hope it father +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00455-00198865-00199064 Maybe if you agree we can sit for a while ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00456-00199363-00199610 Yes I need it thanks - Let's come ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00457-00201464-00201912 Tell me if I can help you... Tell me brother +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00458-00201992-00202721 See father, I think that all our symbols, every religion has its own +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00459-00202852-00203192 they have not served us to unify +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00460-00203264-00203665 each one with its own God, we all know that God is the same, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00461-00203668-00203875 we all know that God is the same, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00462-00203946-00204300 the Jews, the Catholics, the Muslims, the Orthodox, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00463-00204358-00204892 however, this did not stop us behaving like animals +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00464-00204924-00205308 however, this did not stop us over the years and we, dear father, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00465-00205425-00205770 what we can do to operate on this land? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00466-00205869-00206069 Why are you father too? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00467-00206178-00206391 Yes I am father as well . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00468-00206647-00207111 I would have preferred that you would not notice it ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00469-00207298-00207707 because I am in confusion ... I have to tell you ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00470-00207942-00208329 I no longer know where am I . - What 's happened? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00471-00208841-00209364 The parish where I was in Sicily .. shortly +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00472-00209499-00209862 they were siding with homophobes +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00473-00209958-00210213 against people who are just asking you +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00474-00210298-00210501 to recognize their rights +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00475-00210633-00210783 and then +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00476-00210845-00211449 and then the women who could not divorce, divorced people who can not get the communion .. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00477-00211808-00212170 Then I discovered that my parents are Jews . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00478-00212335-00212761 My brothers instead of helping me ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00479-00212831-00213030 they sent me here in North +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00480-00213130-00213496 and my confusion increased ... that's all ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00481-00213561-00213815 Well, but is not a big problem... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00482-00213833-00214120 because all the circles converge into the center +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00483-00214308-00214464 and God is One for all ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00484-00214478-00215138 You are wise and you are walking in your path I feel it +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00485-00215208-00215413 in a clear way and I envy yourself, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00486-00215795-00216011 I don't have this clarity myself . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00487-00216199-00216634 Yet there have been many schisms in the past 'cause even in the beginning +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00488-00216692-00216955 Christianity was supposed to be a unique way, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00489-00217016-00217328 but people have forgotten the teachings of Christ +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00490-00217421-00217861 and instead of unifying they divided, rather than making peace they have waged war. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00491-00217898-00218367 Christians fought against Christians Catholics against Orthodox, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00492-00218381-00218741 Orthodox against Catholics even fewer in number . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00493-00219042-00219410 and the only thing that saves us is the faith, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00494-00219531-00219892 but weren't we supposed to be like the salt of the earth? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00495-00220035-00220518 Well we should supposed to do it but we can't act letting Christians lose the love and mercy ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00496-00220550-00220740 because it 's just with it that you can bind us each others ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00497-00220954-00221465 I fear that this salt of the earth has lost all its flavour ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00498-00221586-00222065 So pray to the Lord our God for improving us in best +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00499-00222099-00222404 and make soon the return of Lord Jesus Christ ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00500-00222500-00223057 I'd really like be like this and be done the will of the Lord ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00501-00223142-00223277 Forever and ever be blessed ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00502-00223402-00223810 Father, I don't want stealing more time to you. - No it was a pleasure for me . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00503-00223921-00224177 May I return to visit you? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00504-00224212-00224371 Why not ?!? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00505-00224514-00224931 Now I'm going thank you for these few minutes +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00506-00224967-00225650 and now I am going to get the sunlight hoping it helps me walking a bit better ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00507-00225653-00225781 Let's go with God ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00508-00225784-00225897 Thanks brother . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00509-00229246-00229752 Hey ... hey ... hey ... I am talking to you +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00510-00229769-00230042 Hey... hey - What am I fucking doing in this world ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00511-00230045-00230369 What are you doing? Hey ! What... ? - Leave me alone ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00512-00230394-00230645 Don't you see that I'm doing it over? - Oh ?!? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00513-00230648-00231002 Do you think this is the best way to solve your problems? -But what do you know of my life? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00514-00231005-00231444 I can't go forward anymore, death is the only one liberation for me ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00515-00231447-00231798 Listen I can understand that this can be a liberation but it can also be the last escape. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00516-00231801-00232352 Brother look at me! Listen to me! From what are you running out? -She doesn't want me anymore ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00517-00232441-00232649 I'm alone and I'm afraid. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00518-00232664-00233395 You're right, we are alone in this world looking like these trees, dry, dead, rootless +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00519-00233413-00233699 and sometimes just a bit of wind throw us down. Eh? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00520-00233853-00233997 I let you go .. ok? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00521-00234135-00234343 I have no roots like you, do you know ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00522-00234487-00234688 Oh yeah and why? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00523-00234776-00235185 Because I was born, and I dont' know who my parents are, I have no family, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00524-00235244-00235665 I believed to have find it in the church and a few days ago I found out that I am a Jew . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00525-00235738-00236102 so in my head now there is much confusion as you have in yours . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00526-00236204-00236642 So throw your clothes and go back as a Jew but leave me alone! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00527-00236730-00237154 This would be a possibility but I don't want to increase the evil in the world. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00528-00237279-00237422 Ah is it and why? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00529-00237514-00237868 Because coming back to the religion of my fathers, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00530-00237894-00238330 I should follow many rules, many precepts and at my age it becomes difficult +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00531-00238418-00238688 than or I become a proper Jew otherwise not +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00532-00238785-00239285 and I can tell you that for me is enough to follow now the example of the righteous . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00533-00239430-00239585 And who are the righteous? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00534-00239670-00240102 See, the righteous are those people that, regardless of religion, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00535-00240184-00240614 they make their lives trying to love and help others like themselves . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00536-00240648-00240914 and sometimes even risking their lives . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00537-00240935-00241299 Your words are kind ones but what I can do now ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00538-00241384-00241860 I have no job and the only way of salvation was she, my own lady +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00539-00241967-00242307 even she betrayed me with my best friend ... - I know .. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00540-00242408-00242615 love supports anything +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00541-00242753-00242960 I understand your pain, believe me .. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00542-00243170-00243358 What can I tell you now ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00543-00243370-00243938 That you must be quiet and think about the richness that you have inside yourself ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00544-00243984-00244375 You are healthy and you are free to make up another life . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00545-00244455-00244699 You do speak well almost like a righteous . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00546-00244875-00245327 So you see that is not so hard to help someone feeling better huh? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00547-00245607-00246281 Do as righteous ... I should change many things in my life, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00548-00246453-00247269 Let me say that me, you and people like us should be happy to follow the laws of Noah . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00549-00247346-00247541 And what are the laws of Noah ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00550-00247579-00247827 Simples, clear as all the important things: +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00551-00248044-00248193 "Do not steal ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00552-00248223-00248403 Set up courts and bring offenders to justice ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00553-00248406-00248670 Do not murder even yourself ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00554-00248718-00248931 Do not be sexually immoral ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00555-00248953-00249155 Do not eat a limb removed from a live animal ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00556-00249198-00249349 Do not worship false gods ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00557-00249361-00249563 & Do not curse God ! " +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00558-00250068-00250304 They are even less than the 10 commandments . - Yes +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00559-00250359-00250770 Yes and if we follow these rules anyone can join the circle of the righteous +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00560-00250831-00251329 and have the right to the world to come and this would allow everyone living better +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00561-00251354-00251577 even with themselves eh ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00562-00252085-00252293 I was going to make a nonsense ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00563-00252348-00252514 I just know it ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00564-00252569-00252878 I thank you priest for what you said to me +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00565-00252922-00253283 It's me that I thank you ... for this blessing you gave to me ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00566-00253329-00253647 that I'll bring it in my heart and it will help me in future ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00567-00253807-00253979 take care of yourself ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00568-00253997-00254297 Thanks and good luck . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00569-00259675-00260379 �Open to me the gates of righteousness: I will go into them, and I will praise the LORD� +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00570-00260394-00260547 Are you looking for someone ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00571-00261066-00261429 Yeah .. maybe I'm looking for myself . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00572-00261540-00261787 If it can be useful for you here we have an archive . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00573-00261915-00262264 I have to read books about anusim and conversos +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00574-00262378-00262733 Coincidentally they have given me this booklet, I don't know if this can be of an help to you +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00575-00262736-00262930 but they are well equipped . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00576-00263074-00263378 And where is this library? - Nearby .. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00577-00263394-00263569 Thanks +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00578-00266151-00266334 Good morning - Good morning +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00579-00266346-00266708 So for that book when we will be able to get it? - In this week you will be able to find it for sure . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00580-00266725-00267028 Okay, thank you Bye - Thank you -Good Bye +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00581-00268028-00268200 Good morning, Madame - Good morning +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00582-00268484-00268822 Yes? - I was wondering if in the midst of all these books +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00583-00268875-00269222 do you have something about anusim and conversos ?!? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00584-00269225-00269645 Indeed we are plenty of them like that of Gianluca Solla, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00585-00269648-00269942 no wait I have one much much important ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00586-00269994-00270153 just a moment eh ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00587-00270273-00270423 Ah here it is ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00588-00271143-00271375 Here it is ... Marietti editions - Thanks +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00589-00271400-00271613 don't tell me you are a marrano too? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00590-00271739-00272078 In a certain sense, yes, it might be ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00591-00272201-00272816 'cause I didn't ever met my parents, they abandoned myself newborn due that they were very poor people, you see? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00592-00272880-00273319 From what I have been told I have been raised up in Sicily by priests, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00593-00273380-00273728 but I was born here in Chivasso near Turin, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00594-00273749-00274085 and as I finished in Palermo I don't known for real ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00595-00274139-00274494 We too, me and my daughter we come from far lands, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00596-00274528-00275108 my grandfather ... was ... he was living in Spain in Barcelona . +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00597-00275154-00275430 then he moved first in Sicily +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00598-00275466-00276006 and then when it was the reign of the Inquisition he moved in Turin, - I see +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00599-00276031-00276485 And my parents are from Turin, they had a shop in Chivasso, +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00600-00276498-00276921 a textile shop - a textile shop ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00601-00276924-00277551 and ... Ruth ...Ruth ? - Yes mum !? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00602-00277574-00277870 Let's come for an istant - Yes tell me.. tell me +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00603-00277887-00278308 But don't you think that this guy has a familiar ring? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00604-00278359-00278896 But actually yes, excuse me but which is your last name ? +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00605-00278959-00279455 My name is ... S a- c e r- d o- t e - Oh ! -- Oh ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00606-00279466-00279853 Holy God - Oh well knowing like this what a thrill ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00607-00279856-00280437 finding ourselves like this... what an emotion ! - Oh God ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00608-00280440-00281079 Ruth please... bring me a glass of water - Yes let's sit.. Sit ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00609-00281099-00281234 I feel faint ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00610-00281265-00281542 Sit Mom I will take the water right here ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00611-00281579-00281899 here's the water ! - Thanks +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00612-00281931-00282080 Be careful ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00613-00282305-00282513 Oh God you are my cousin .. +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00614-00282759-00283106 now that I found you we will not be left anymore ! +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00615-00283956-00284326 CONTINUES +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00616-00284985-00285365 MAY BE ... +yAd7BBfQ-CA-00617-00285397-00285780 subtitled by Victor Vegan Productions +yCsPuVi-qGE-00000-00000039-00000420 So one of the questions I've been getting asked a lot lately iss what do I feed +yCsPuVi-qGE-00001-00000420-00000867 my African Cichlids. Stay tuned and I'll show you next +yCsPuVi-qGE-00003-00001278-00001739 Hey YouTube, Brian here again +yCsPuVi-qGE-00004-00001739-00002170 A lot of people ask me what +yCsPuVi-qGE-00005-00002170-00002514 food I feed the African Cichlids and +yCsPuVi-qGE-00006-00002514-00002878 if follow my channel you know that I feed Southern Delight Fish Food in my Fishroom +yCsPuVi-qGE-00007-00002878-00003209 So I'll show you what +yCsPuVi-qGE-00008-00003209-00003500 Southern Delight formulas i feed my fish +yCsPuVi-qGE-00009-00003509-00003822 or African Cichlids I should say +yCsPuVi-qGE-00010-00003822-00004163 before I do that I just wanna make sure everybody knows +yCsPuVi-qGE-00011-00004163-00004516 about a contest going out there you can actually win some Southern Delight fish +yCsPuVi-qGE-00012-00004516-00004569 food +yCsPuVi-qGE-00013-00004569-00004888 being given away by Aquatics Support Systems +yCsPuVi-qGE-00014-00004888-00005248 You all know Jwhiser1302 +yCsPuVi-qGE-00015-00005248-00005730 Jeff Hiser, Captain Awesome, he's got an awesome contest going on right now +yCsPuVi-qGE-00016-00005730-00006159 that I think I love you guys should go over and put an entry in +yCsPuVi-qGE-00017-00006159-00006768 you can win 2 pounds one pound or a bottle +yCsPuVi-qGE-00018-00006768-00007157 those are three prizes it's a really easy contest and just make sure you go +yCsPuVi-qGE-00019-00007157-00007289 over to Jeff's Channel +yCsPuVi-qGE-00020-00007289-00007653 A good buddy of mine do me a favor and +yCsPuVi-qGE-00021-00007653-00008289 enter the contest and have your chance to win some Southern Delight awesome so anyway on +yCsPuVi-qGE-00022-00008289-00008538 to what I feed I'm on the African Cichlids +yCsPuVi-qGE-00023-00008538-00008902 up here, sorry there's not much light in here but +yCsPuVi-qGE-00024-00008902-00009207 is a these other the main two up front +yCsPuVi-qGE-00025-00009207-00009610 the staple is the Veggie Krill this is a +yCsPuVi-qGE-00026-00009610-00009999 a two pellet formula +yCsPuVi-qGE-00027-00009999-00010377 got an algae bite in it and a nutri bite +yCsPuVi-qGE-00028-00010377-00010759 this is a +yCsPuVi-qGE-00029-00010759-00011134 2.5 millimeter Pellet +yCsPuVi-qGE-00030-00011134-00011592 one of the newer things not new Southern Delight but new to me that II've +yCsPuVi-qGE-00031-00011592-00011813 been supplementing lately is +yCsPuVi-qGE-00032-00011813-00012295 the color formula this is a 1.5 Millimeter Pellet +yCsPuVi-qGE-00033-00012295-00012738 and I know while back within the last year there's been +yCsPuVi-qGE-00034-00012738-00013156 there was a lot of craze out there with some other brands +yCsPuVi-qGE-00035-00013156-00013534 have like a color pellet, ultra red pellet things like that so +yCsPuVi-qGE-00036-00013534-00013861 I this would be some similar um +yCsPuVi-qGE-00037-00013861-00014357 not sum thing you would use on every feeding but something I supplement two or three +yCsPuVi-qGE-00038-00014357-00014572 times two or three days a week +yCsPuVi-qGE-00039-00014572-00015079 on this tank so and then something else I'm not feeding right now +yCsPuVi-qGE-00040-00015079-00015556 but some when I was growing our some of these in a grow out tank +yCsPuVi-qGE-00041-00015556-00015912 previously is the a Small Cichlid formula +yCsPuVi-qGE-00042-00015912-00016232 and just like the +yCsPuVi-qGE-00043-00016232-00016550 Vegy Krill and the Red not the red but the color +yCsPuVi-qGE-00044-00016550-00016881 These are also a 2 pellet formula too. +yCsPuVi-qGE-00045-00016881-00017320 so I will show you guys now a feeding +yCsPuVi-qGE-00046-00017320-00017707 I and by the way since I've been using Southern Delight +yCsPuVi-qGE-00047-00017707-00018075 I I have not lost one fish I've noticed growth +yCsPuVi-qGE-00048-00018075-00018440 I've noticed color that's just exceptional +yCsPuVi-qGE-00049-00018440-00018782 the stuff works I stand by it. If you haven't tried it +yCsPuVi-qGE-00050-00018782-00019093 tried it, it's really worth a try so +yCsPuVi-qGE-00052-00019500-00020100 I'm gonna throw in first herr some of the some the +yCsPuVi-qGE-00053-00020103-00020515 Vegy Kril,l one other thing that's a real cool benefit +yCsPuVi-qGE-00054-00020515-00021134 that I'm just surprised that no other fish food has is done yet is the shaker tops +yCsPuVi-qGE-00055-00021134-00021304 makes it really easy to +yCsPuVi-qGE-00056-00021304-00021687 feed put a little and +yCsPuVi-qGE-00057-00021687-00022181 see the fish go nuts for it. absolutely crazy +yCsPuVi-qGE-00058-00022181-00022881 for it they love the stuff +yCsPuVi-qGE-00059-00023228-00023572 and I will also throw in a little bit of the +yCsPuVi-qGE-00060-00023572-00024272 the Color here again, shaker top +yCsPuVi-qGE-00061-00024492-00025192 and they go crazy for that too +yCsPuVi-qGE-00062-00025342-00025747 I just wanna do this quick video to show you guys what I do feel the Africans +yCsPuVi-qGE-00063-00025747-00026054 the other thing too I'll try to remember to link either in an +yCsPuVi-qGE-00064-00026054-00026533 annotation or below, is I did a video while back about Southern Delight +yCsPuVi-qGE-00065-00026533-00026875 showed the comparison on a +yCsPuVi-qGE-00066-00026875-00027220 gravel vac this stuff's got probiotics in it and +yCsPuVi-qGE-00067-00027220-00027627 you really start to notice a difference when you do your tank +yCsPuVi-qGE-00068-00027627-00027688 maintenance +yCsPuVi-qGE-00069-00027688-00028201 and clean the gravel I've only really had to do gravel vacs now once every other week +yCsPuVi-qGE-00070-00028201-00028708 I'm even in this highly Stocked tank you really notice a difference in the +yCsPuVi-qGE-00071-00028708-00028800 amount of stuff +yCsPuVi-qGE-00072-00028800-00029261 coming up you notice a difference with waste +yCsPuVi-qGE-00073-00029261-00029666 you also notice a difference at feeding time with pellet a waste +yCsPuVi-qGE-00074-00029666-00030047 it just doesn't seem like this and I mean you can see that there's something you're obviously +yCsPuVi-qGE-00075-00030047-00030113 but +yCsPuVi-qGE-00076-00030113-00030463 it's not pure red big +yCsPuVi-qGE-00077-00030463-00030802 floating stuff like you would get done something the other +yCsPuVi-qGE-00078-00030802-00031118 foods out there so +yCsPuVi-qGE-00079-00031118-00031532 anyway just my 2 cents just thought you guys would enjoy let me know if you have any +yCsPuVi-qGE-00080-00031532-00031613 questions +yCsPuVi-qGE-00081-00031613-00032076 if you didn't know already Aquatic Support Systems is the exclusive bulk dealer +yCsPuVi-qGE-00082-00032076-00032445 For Southern Delight Fish food they also sell the bottles +yCsPuVi-qGE-00083-00032445-00032797 So if you're interested in it go over to Aquatic +yCsPuVi-qGE-00084-00032797-00033168 Support Systems Facebook page and you can order Mike or Conway +yCsPuVi-qGE-00085-00033168-00033561 the prices are awesome you can buy as much in bulk +yCsPuVi-qGE-00086-00033561-00033872 as you want or just a bottle or two whatever you need +yCsPuVi-qGE-00087-00033872-00034252 tons of different formulas so +yCsPuVi-qGE-00088-00034252-00034708 check that out too so and as always you know make sure you go over to the Aquatic +yCsPuVi-qGE-00089-00034708-00034841 Support Community +yCsPuVi-qGE-00090-00034841-00035225 and join a group on Facebook make sure you check out all the +yCsPuVi-qGE-00091-00035225-00035736 member of Team Aquatic Support on YouTube too I'll link their channels below as well +yCsPuVi-qGE-00092-00035736-00036103 you got Mike, Conway Jeff Shawn, Courtney +yCsPuVi-qGE-00093-00036103-00036521 myself so alright guys, thanks for watching and until next time we'll see ya +yF3s5LHceT0-00000-00000024-00000424 If you have ever wondered about McDonald’s in Japan you’re in the right place. +yF3s5LHceT0-00001-00000424-00000618 This is Inside Japan. +yF3s5LHceT0-00002-00000628-00000816 Most of the burgers have a similar feel to them +yF3s5LHceT0-00003-00000816-00001054 when comparing them to their global counterparts, +yF3s5LHceT0-00004-00001054-00001358 but the most specialized main items from McDonald’s inside Japan are +yF3s5LHceT0-00005-00001358-00001620 the Teriyaki McBurger and the Ebi Filet-O. +yF3s5LHceT0-00006-00001646-00002072 The Teriyaki McBurger is a burger with teriyaki sauce covering the pork patty. +yF3s5LHceT0-00007-00002073-00002434 The Ebi Filet-O is like a Filet-O Fish but instead of fish it’s shrimp mashed together +yF3s5LHceT0-00008-00002434-00002708 to make a fried patty of awesome goodness. +yF3s5LHceT0-00009-00002708-00003034 When it comes to breakfast a lot of it is pretty much the same. +yF3s5LHceT0-00010-00003034-00003420 As far as side items go there is the Shaka Shaka Chicken AKA Shakachiki. +yF3s5LHceT0-00011-00003420-00003920 There are two flavors that come with this chicken: Red Pepper and Cheddar Cheese. +yF3s5LHceT0-00012-00003920-00004363 Chicken McNuggets only come with two sauce choices: Mustard or Barbeque. +yF3s5LHceT0-00013-00004363-00004920 There are times when more flavors are available but that is only for a limited time. +yF3s5LHceT0-00014-00004920-00005104 Something that might throw people off is that the +yF3s5LHceT0-00015-00005104-00005352 ketchup is not automatically given to the customer. +yF3s5LHceT0-00016-00005352-00005531 The customer has to ask for it. +yF3s5LHceT0-00017-00005531-00005764 Here is an interesting random fact. +yF3s5LHceT0-00018-00005764-00006058 In the McDonald’s inside Japan the meals are called sets. +yF3s5LHceT0-00019-00006058-00006339 For example a Happy Meal is called a Happy Set. +yF3s5LHceT0-00020-00006339-00006631 Speaking of Happy Meals, they don’t come in boxes most of the time. +yF3s5LHceT0-00021-00006631-00006823 They are served just like regular meals but +yF3s5LHceT0-00022-00006823-00007185 there are some occasions where special boxes are given. +yF3s5LHceT0-00023-00007186-00007320 Another interesting fact about McDonald’s +yF3s5LHceT0-00024-00007320-00007653 is that Ronald McDonald has a slightly different name in Japan. +yF3s5LHceT0-00025-00007653-00007938 His name in Japan is Donald McDonald. +yF3s5LHceT0-00026-00007938-00008092 This does not only apply to the character +yF3s5LHceT0-00027-00008092-00008450 but to the Donald McDonald House of Charity as well. +yF3s5LHceT0-00028-00008450-00008631 Now we are going to go over drinks. +yF3s5LHceT0-00029-00008631-00008977 The Japanese sizes are smaller than the US sizes for drinks. +yF3s5LHceT0-00030-00008977-00009585 For drinks in Japan a small is 300ml, which is also served in a Happy Meal or Happy Set. +yF3s5LHceT0-00031-00009585-00010122 A medium is 500ml and a large is 650ml. +yF3s5LHceT0-00032-00010122-00010889 In the US a small is 500ml, a medium is 675ml, and a large is 950ml. +yF3s5LHceT0-00033-00010889-00011268 This means a small in the US is the same size as a medium in Japan. +yF3s5LHceT0-00034-00011268-00011596 A medium in the US is a little bigger than a large in Japan. +yF3s5LHceT0-00035-00011596-00012032 And a large in the US is almost the same size as two mediums in Japan. +yF3s5LHceT0-00036-00012032-00012356 Until recently, McDonald’s didn’t accept Visa or Master Card, +yF3s5LHceT0-00037-00012356-00012639 but now they accept many kinds of cards. +yF3s5LHceT0-00038-00012639-00012954 This is most likely because the 2020 Olympics. +yF3s5LHceT0-00039-00012954-00013310 A way to save money is by getting the McDonald’s Japan app +yF3s5LHceT0-00040-00013310-00013860 which can be found in the Google Play Store for android and only in the Japan App Store for iOS. +yF3s5LHceT0-00041-00013932-00014300 The last random fact of this video is about the name McDonald’s. +yF3s5LHceT0-00042-00014300-00014653 For many Japanese people to understand the word McDonald’s it has to be spoken in a +yF3s5LHceT0-00043-00014653-00014952 Japanese accent, Makudonarudo. +yF3s5LHceT0-00044-00014952-00015580 Most Japanese people call it Makku for short unless you are in Kansai where they say Makudo. +yF3s5LHceT0-00045-00015581-00015976 If you have any questions about Japan or about anything in this video feel free to ask in +yF3s5LHceT0-00046-00015976-00016325 the comment section or contact us on Twitter @InsideJapanInfo. +yF3s5LHceT0-00047-00016325-00016774 Also, please visit our website insidejapan.org. +yF3s5LHceT0-00048-00016774-00017068 This was Inside Japan and thank you for watching. +yGm9svNBaZg-00000-00000000-00000200 So today we are going to the Manhattan city again +yHJzLc8iHNM-00000-00000155-00000476 Recreational and commercial stone crab season +yHJzLc8iHNM-00001-00000484-00000847 runs from October 15th through May 15th each year +yHJzLc8iHNM-00002-00000856-00001171 in state and federal waters off the coast of Florida. +yHJzLc8iHNM-00003-00001211-00001531 To harvest a stone crab claw, first measure it +yHJzLc8iHNM-00004-00001536-00001941 from the elbow to the tip of the lower immovable portion of the claw. +yHJzLc8iHNM-00005-00001968-00002319 If the claw is more than 2 and 3/4 inches in length +yHJzLc8iHNM-00006-00002323-00002518 it may be removed from the crab +yHJzLc8iHNM-00007-00002526-00002801 and the crab may then be returned to the water. +yHJzLc8iHNM-00008-00002856-00003099 Care should be taken when removing the claw +yHJzLc8iHNM-00009-00003105-00003396 so as to not permanently injure the crab. +yHJzLc8iHNM-00010-00003412-00003747 "To hold the crab, take both claws. +yHJzLc8iHNM-00011-00003767-00004061 Make sure you have both propotises firmly in hand, +yHJzLc8iHNM-00012-00004101-00004479 and with the right hand I'm just going to make a motion straight down, +yHJzLc8iHNM-00013-00004513-00004721 which is a good break." +yHJzLc8iHNM-00014-00004749-00004987 Stone crabs can regrow their claws, +yHJzLc8iHNM-00015-00004997-00005415 making this Florida delicacy a true renewable resource. +yHJzLc8iHNM-00016-00005472-00005839 To learn more about how to harvest stone crabs and regulations, +yHJzLc8iHNM-00017-00005866-00006232 visit MyFWC.com/Fishing +yHJzLc8iHNM-00018-00006273-00006664 and click on "Recreational" and "Stone Crabs". +yHPluHrUifE-00000-00000066-00000615 Our series of interviews is called "Culture of Charity". +yHPluHrUifE-00001-00000615-00001068 And the very first word in this phrase encourages controversy and different interpretations +yHPluHrUifE-00002-00001068-00001363 for some people - culture, for others - lack of culture. +yHPluHrUifE-00003-00001363-00001722 What is culture for you, Bishop? +yHPluHrUifE-00004-00001722-00002381 Culture has its roots in the Latin word "cultus" as a word and as a concept. +yHPluHrUifE-00005-00002381-00002925 Thus, all world cultures are related to the spiritual life, to God. +yHPluHrUifE-00006-00002925-00003286 Culture is what helps a person to rise. +yHPluHrUifE-00007-00003286-00003867 Culture embraces life and various daily rhythms and styles, but it distinguishes humans from +yHPluHrUifE-00008-00003867-00003967 animals. +yHPluHrUifE-00009-00003967-00004522 And in its height, humans are ever raised to God, and from this place, they radiate, +yHPluHrUifE-00010-00004522-00004935 whether in architecture, song or music, word, history, comprehension, philosophy. +yHPluHrUifE-00011-00004935-00005401 All this that helps us communicate, those means of communication, everything beyond +yHPluHrUifE-00012-00005401-00006106 living survival, simple such animal instincts in a person's life, can be called its spiritual +yHPluHrUifE-00013-00006106-00006292 or cultural life. +yHPluHrUifE-00014-00006292-00006479 Thank you, Bishop. +yHPluHrUifE-00015-00006479-00006873 It is a fascinating correlation between spiritual life and culture itself. +yHPluHrUifE-00016-00006873-00007142 Are there any peculiarities of Ukrainian culture? +yHPluHrUifE-00017-00007142-00007322 Do you recognise them? +yHPluHrUifE-00018-00007322-00007775 Undoubtedly, Ukrainian culture, like other important developed millennial cultures, has +yHPluHrUifE-00019-00007775-00007875 many peculiarities. +yHPluHrUifE-00020-00007875-00008263 We are a rather lyrical, poetic, and aesthetic people. +yHPluHrUifE-00021-00008263-00008725 Narratives and rational logic are preceded by epic and song. +yHPluHrUifE-00022-00008725-00009174 We have aesthetics in embroidery, in Easter eggs, in small details. +yHPluHrUifE-00023-00009174-00009700 There is something that characterises our vision of the world, our certain priorities. +yHPluHrUifE-00024-00009700-00010460 We want to dedicate time to it, and it makes us happy and elated. +yHPluHrUifE-00025-00010460-00011054 By the way, this building of the Sheptytsky Centre, its shape, facade, takes inspiration +yHPluHrUifE-00026-00011054-00011347 from an Easter egg, from details. +yHPluHrUifE-00027-00011347-00012350 If you look at it, you can understand that the German architect wanted to reflect this +yHPluHrUifE-00028-00012350-00012710 feature of Ukrainian culture on the facade of this building. +yHPluHrUifE-00029-00012710-00013106 And no wonder this house is so appealing. +yHPluHrUifE-00030-00013106-00013657 I also recognise some Byzantine ornaments in this building. +yHPluHrUifE-00031-00013657-00013896 It combines both the Byzantine tradition and our Ukrainian embroidered shirt. +yHPluHrUifE-00032-00013896-00014081 What should be the culture of charity? +yHPluHrUifE-00033-00014081-00014581 The culture of charity must be, first and foremost, ubiquitous. +yHPluHrUifE-00034-00014581-00015050 We are called to live a spiritual life, a cultural life even. +yHPluHrUifE-00035-00015050-00015294 What is the essential divine gesture, the gesture of God? +yHPluHrUifE-00036-00015294-00015543 God makes such a gesture against humans (opens His hands). +yHPluHrUifE-00037-00015543-00015818 For Adam and Eve, God reveals everything and gives everything. +yHPluHrUifE-00038-00015818-00016997 What are the human problems? - the fact that a person who can do it (open their arms) and +yHPluHrUifE-00039-00016997-00017744 often does, is tempted to do so (as if taking away, twist or wrist) for themselves. +yHPluHrUifE-00040-00017744-00018280 Adam and Eve had it all and wanted more of it. +yHPluHrUifE-00041-00018280-00018939 When we live like this (with open arms), when we communicate openly, when we share, we prosper +yHPluHrUifE-00042-00018939-00019164 as people, family, friends, community, society, and the world. +yHPluHrUifE-00043-00019164-00019626 When we are all for ourselves and defend ourselves, there are a lot of problems: personal, family, +yHPluHrUifE-00044-00019626-00019726 world, war, etc. +yHPluHrUifE-00045-00019726-00019950 Therefore, charity is one of the forms of this gesture (opens hands) that makes us generous, +yHPluHrUifE-00046-00019950-00020251 that raises our heads and the heads of others when we share and help those who have not +yHPluHrUifE-00047-00020251-00020495 yet had the opportunity, who have not yet had the experience, to open to something new. +yHPluHrUifE-00048-00020495-00020702 How should culture be supported in today's world? +yHPluHrUifE-00049-00020702-00021213 I think that each of us has a chance to develop and improve our personal culture. +yHPluHrUifE-00050-00021213-00021570 I think prayer is vital because prayer lifts us and opens us up. +yHPluHrUifE-00051-00021570-00021887 That is why culture has the word "cultus" at its centre. +yHPluHrUifE-00052-00021887-00022180 We can't be engaged in culture on our own. +yHPluHrUifE-00053-00022180-00023048 Thus, it should be like this (hands up) and like that (hands to the sides). +yHPluHrUifE-00054-00023048-00023556 Culture is carried out in the interpersonal, on such a matrix of communication, listening, +yHPluHrUifE-00055-00023556-00023656 communication, exchange. +yHPluHrUifE-00056-00023656-00024693 That is why the word is crucial, why our Christian culture comes from the Word of God, and why +yHPluHrUifE-00057-00024693-00025212 we call the Son of God the Word. +yHPluHrUifE-00058-00025212-00025956 We can develop the culture of our personal life, our space, our time. +yHPluHrUifE-00059-00025956-00026507 We have this gift, this privilege of creating and creating together. +yHPluHrUifE-00060-00026507-00027102 We can help others create by giving them the means of knowledge, space, time, and material +yHPluHrUifE-00061-00027102-00027289 means to show their creativity. +yHPluHrUifE-00062-00027289-00028102 And it is a highly gratifying thing to be the benefactor who helps others create and +yHPluHrUifE-00063-00028102-00028202 prosper. +yHPluHrUifE-00064-00028202-00028500 How does it benefit those who support culture? +yHPluHrUifE-00065-00028500-00029074 Those who support culture receive God's blessing, receive beauty, receive harmony, receive a +yHPluHrUifE-00066-00029074-00029295 sense of fatherhood or motherhood. +yHPluHrUifE-00067-00029295-00029825 Because those who support culture create, those who support culture are life-giving. +yHPluHrUifE-00068-00029825-00030444 Those who support culture also embrace this culture, this music, this painting, this knowledge, +yHPluHrUifE-00069-00030444-00030916 and therefore great people would support the culture. +yHPluHrUifE-00070-00030916-00031133 Andrei Sheptytskyi. +yHPluHrUifE-00071-00031133-00031780 Today, he reveals himself to Ukraine and the international context as a particularly cultured +yHPluHrUifE-00072-00031780-00032520 person, a particularly profound person, and a person we can talk about with other nations. +yHPluHrUifE-00073-00032520-00032996 He opened up, on the example of the Jews - he defended them. +yHPluHrUifE-00074-00032996-00033573 His house was opened in times of deadly danger, the times of Nazism. +yHPluHrUifE-00075-00033573-00034132 He opened up to the Russians, tried to cultivate this network of communication between Ukrainians +yHPluHrUifE-00076-00034132-00034232 and Poles. +yHPluHrUifE-00077-00034232-00034332 He supported the music. +yHPluHrUifE-00078-00034332-00034772 An excellent CD, "Bridges", with the music of three composers who had the support of +yHPluHrUifE-00079-00034772-00034942 Metropolitan Andrey, was released. +yHPluHrUifE-00080-00034942-00035627 The disc "Bridges" was recently released with works of composers who knew poverty in Siberia +yHPluHrUifE-00081-00035627-00036592 or exile in Vienna or America - Barvinsky, Hnatyshyn and Rudnytsky. +yHPluHrUifE-00082-00036592-00037010 The Metropolitan was behind their work. +yHPluHrUifE-00083-00037010-00037522 Well, there is already a broad knowledge about his role in developing the fine arts of Novakivsky, +yHPluHrUifE-00084-00037522-00037622 Moroz etc. +yHPluHrUifE-00085-00037622-00038018 Metropolitan Andrey supported science and created a Theological Academy for Ukrainians, +yHPluHrUifE-00086-00038018-00038767 which meant to become a Ukrainian university, the Ukrainian Catholic University. +yHPluHrUifE-00087-00038767-00039453 Metropolitan Andrey created a culture of youth communication, and he was the main patron +yHPluHrUifE-00088-00039453-00039553 of "PLAST". +yHPluHrUifE-00089-00039553-00039933 The Metropolitan created a culture of caring for the poor, orphanage hospitals. +yHPluHrUifE-00090-00039933-00040328 Thus, a whole social fabric that raised the lives of hundreds of thousands, if not millions +yHPluHrUifE-00091-00040328-00040447 of people, protected them. +yHPluHrUifE-00092-00040447-00040720 It was the weaving of Metropolitan Andrey's hands. +yHPluHrUifE-00093-00040720-00041253 Today, many people have this opportunity: to build a school or ten schools instead of +yHPluHrUifE-00094-00041253-00041813 buying a yacht or a residence in southern France or Spain. +yHPluHrUifE-00095-00041813-00041969 We need to grow. +yHPluHrUifE-00096-00041969-00042610 We come from the Soviet era, from a traumatic experience when everyone was poor and limited. +yHPluHrUifE-00097-00042610-00043016 Many people still feel such fear or need to get their fill. +yHPluHrUifE-00098-00043016-00043822 It seems that the time has come to share, build, and make this divine gesture of openness +yHPluHrUifE-00099-00043822-00043922 and proposition. +yHPluHrUifE-00100-00043922-00044022 And I see that happening. +yHPluHrUifE-00101-00044022-00044346 Our university is the fruit of such generosity of many, many benefactors. +yHPluHrUifE-00102-00044346-00045095 I see our gentlemen rejoice in their good deeds, and the youth rejoice, and the city +yHPluHrUifE-00103-00045095-00045463 rejoices, and the country is enriched by it. +yHPluHrUifE-00104-00045463-00046072 God willing, Sheptytsky's example and that of some "future Sheptytskys" will multiply. +yHPluHrUifE-00105-00046072-00046682 Ukrainian Catholic University as an educational project has a significant component, even +yHPluHrUifE-00106-00046682-00046834 the Sheptytsky Centre. +yHPluHrUifE-00107-00046834-00047161 We call it an informational and cultural centre. +yHPluHrUifE-00108-00047161-00047288 We also generate content. +yHPluHrUifE-00109-00047288-00047714 They often say that culture has to provide for itself. +yHPluHrUifE-00110-00047714-00048884 Is it necessary for culture to be self-sufficient, self-encompassing, or does it have to be dependent? +yHPluHrUifE-00111-00048884-00049788 Sometimes culture can earn, but earning is such a gesture of this type (moves his hands +yHPluHrUifE-00112-00049788-00050375 towards his chest), and culture must be free to reveal itself fully. +yHPluHrUifE-00113-00050375-00051190 It has to worry less about finances because some things require lots of time, a long dedication, +yHPluHrUifE-00114-00051190-00051397 and a remarkable feat. +yHPluHrUifE-00115-00051397-00051777 People and spaces should be dedicated to it. +yHPluHrUifE-00116-00051777-00052075 Higher things cannot be calculated. +yHPluHrUifE-00117-00052075-00052544 They cannot be the fruit of a strategy and, in particular, a strategy that must have a +yHPluHrUifE-00118-00052544-00052644 positive financial balance. +yHPluHrUifE-00119-00052644-00053097 Therefore, in developed countries, states support culture, education, higher education, +yHPluHrUifE-00120-00053097-00053920 and social activities because these things cannot be at a high level from day to day +yHPluHrUifE-00121-00053920-00054191 if they have to take care of daily bread. +yHPluHrUifE-00122-00054191-00054683 There is an American model when rich people support culture and education. +yHPluHrUifE-00123-00054683-00055299 Can this model be an example for the rest of the world? +yHPluHrUifE-00124-00055299-00055548 Well, to have a culture that rich people support, there must be rich people. +yHPluHrUifE-00125-00055548-00055648 Are there wealthy people all over the world? +yHPluHrUifE-00126-00055648-00055748 Obviously, yes. +yHPluHrUifE-00127-00055748-00055848 Can they support the culture? +yHPluHrUifE-00128-00055848-00055948 This is the question to them. +yHPluHrUifE-00129-00055948-00056382 It is important to understand that America has not always been the largest economy in +yHPluHrUifE-00130-00056382-00056711 the world, protected by the largest army. +yHPluHrUifE-00131-00056711-00057133 Let's look at the end of the XIX century and the beginning of the American breakthrough, +yHPluHrUifE-00132-00057133-00057511 and this is the general dominance in both the positive and negative senses of America +yHPluHrUifE-00133-00057511-00057619 in the XX century. +yHPluHrUifE-00134-00057619-00058216 We will see that American universities were in their beginning stage, and they began to +yHPluHrUifE-00135-00058216-00058316 develop quickly. +yHPluHrUifE-00136-00058316-00058637 They began to grow because the oligarchs started supporting them. +yHPluHrUifE-00137-00058637-00059031 These are the likes of Rockefeller and Carnegie. +yHPluHrUifE-00138-00059031-00059751 As they began to support private universities, America began to move forward very quickly. +yHPluHrUifE-00139-00059751-00060307 Some analysts express such a paradoxically radical thesis that "the quality of higher +yHPluHrUifE-00140-00060307-00060950 education and the power of American universities that had the support of the oligarchs played +yHPluHrUifE-00141-00060950-00061666 almost a greater role in the development of America in the XX century than the institution +yHPluHrUifE-00142-00061666-00061791 of Democrats." +yHPluHrUifE-00143-00061791-00062413 One can argue, but this is one example where oligarchs, wealthy people, and behind them, +yHPluHrUifE-00144-00062413-00062985 even those who were not of the wealthiest class began to see the importance of higher +yHPluHrUifE-00145-00062985-00063730 education and supporting it gave a tremendous boost to the entire country. +yHPluHrUifE-00146-00063730-00064443 And around this developed art, music, ballet, drama, theatre, architecture and other forms +yHPluHrUifE-00147-00064443-00064733 of creativity, and a certain social consciousness, because you cannot have only aesthetic beauty +yHPluHrUifE-00148-00064733-00064833 without the aesthetics of relationships. +yHPluHrUifE-00149-00064833-00065330 You cannot fully enjoy beautiful works of art if human life surrounded by these works +yHPluHrUifE-00150-00065330-00065430 is impoverished. +yHPluHrUifE-00151-00065430-00065614 Our life must be whole. +yHPluHrUifE-00152-00065614-00065906 Culture calls us to integrity, and we are still on a pilgrimage to such understanding +yHPluHrUifE-00153-00065906-00066439 and such action, but I think we have moved on. +yHPluHrUifE-00154-00066439-00066870 Is the category of charity related to the Christian concept of mercy? +yHPluHrUifE-00155-00066870-00067093 Mercy is the mercy of the heart. +yHPluHrUifE-00156-00067093-00067579 It is the warmth, softness and breadth of the human heart, human consciousness, human +yHPluHrUifE-00157-00067579-00067679 perspective. +yHPluHrUifE-00158-00067679-00067906 In Christianity, we profess a triune God. +yHPluHrUifE-00159-00067906-00068225 God is one but in three Persons. +yHPluHrUifE-00160-00068225-00068731 This is a sacrament that cannot be explained. +yHPluHrUifE-00161-00068731-00069057 But what does that mean? +yHPluHrUifE-00162-00069057-00069833 It means that in God, there is openness and division, and there is divine communication. +yHPluHrUifE-00163-00069833-00070713 So, based on the fact that a human is created in the image and likeness of God, we are humans, +yHPluHrUifE-00164-00070713-00071500 and we have this property and ability, this need to communicate, to open up to others. +yHPluHrUifE-00165-00071500-00072143 And it comes from the core of our being, from our heart. +yHPluHrUifE-00166-00072143-00072866 And when there is the mercy of this heart, the breadth of this heart, it cannot but overflow +yHPluHrUifE-00167-00072866-00073436 into action, into a posture that sees the need and responds to it, sees the opportunity +yHPluHrUifE-00168-00073436-00073772 to create, develop something and is realised. +yHPluHrUifE-00169-00073772-00074327 That is why Christ says, "you will be judged according to your deeds." +yHPluHrUifE-00170-00074327-00074717 A tree can be identified by its fruit. +yHPluHrUifE-00171-00074717-00075364 And our spirituality should be reflected in continuous action, and the divine gesture +yHPluHrUifE-00172-00075364-00075637 is open and addressed to another. +yHPluHrUifE-00173-00075637-00075850 I have the following question. +yHPluHrUifE-00174-00075850-00076772 Once, at the beginning of its birth, during the Byzantine Golden Age and the Middle Ages, +yHPluHrUifE-00175-00076772-00077056 the Church was also a cultural phenomenon. +yHPluHrUifE-00176-00077056-00077606 How much cultural phenomena and cultural content does the Church produce today? +yHPluHrUifE-00177-00077606-00078372 I don't know, but today this university attracts the attention of many people all over Ukraine. +yHPluHrUifE-00178-00078372-00078693 The best students come here. +yHPluHrUifE-00179-00078693-00079302 This university is the fruit of the Church, the fruit of spiritual life. +yHPluHrUifE-00180-00079302-00079719 Without the spiritual foundation, the Ukrainian Catholic University would not exist, and there +yHPluHrUifE-00181-00079719-00080660 would not be such a building, such a Church behind us, and such smiles that can be found +yHPluHrUifE-00182-00080660-00080760 here. +yHPluHrUifE-00183-00080760-00081024 Many people think that the Golden Age of the Church is somewhere in the past. +yHPluHrUifE-00184-00081024-00081472 Perhaps this is the case in the European context, in the context of North America. +yHPluHrUifE-00185-00081472-00081942 But few people realise there have never been Christians in the world, and there have never +yHPluHrUifE-00186-00081942-00082269 been as many Catholics in the world as we have today. +yHPluHrUifE-00187-00082269-00082531 The church creates cultures on other continents. +yHPluHrUifE-00188-00082531-00082750 It generates, it leads to literacy. +yHPluHrUifE-00189-00082750-00083158 Many languages ??became written languages, nations became literate when they met with +yHPluHrUifE-00190-00083158-00084175 the Scriptures when missionaries created written works to write down the word of God in that +yHPluHrUifE-00191-00084175-00084605 language, and the process continues. +yHPluHrUifE-00192-00084605-00085889 The Bible is a text that exists in more languages ??than any other text. +yHPluHrUifE-00193-00085889-00086077 And thank God. +yHPluHrUifE-00194-00086077-00087436 Because this is God's letter to us, this is God's word. +yHPluHrUifE-00195-00087436-00088891 So, in different continents, even in those remote places we are not interested in, the +yHPluHrUifE-00196-00088891-00089211 Church is present. +yHPluHrUifE-00197-00089211-00090474 It raises people, and it is where, for example, Mother Teresa was. +yHPluHrUifE-00198-00090474-00090952 It was believed that there is no culture, no life, no future, only despair in those +yHPluHrUifE-00199-00090952-00091052 places. +yHPluHrUifE-00200-00091052-00093713 For instance, a person dies in the streets of Calcutta with their limbs rotting. +yHPluHrUifE-00201-00093713-00094500 Having Christian culture, Mother Teresa understood this human is worthy and deserves healing, +yHPluHrUifE-00202-00094500-00094938 and if the latter is not possible, they deserve a decent death. +yHPluHrUifE-00203-00094938-00095108 This attitude changed India. +yHPluHrUifE-00204-00095108-00095279 Saints change their environment. +yHPluHrUifE-00205-00095279-00095960 The saints were in the past, but they are and will be in the future. +yHPluHrUifE-00206-00095960-00096411 All we need is to open our eyes wider to see them and follow their example. +yHPluHrUifE-00207-00096411-00096714 Can culture have negative connotations and an improper influence? +yHPluHrUifE-00208-00096714-00097300 Since culture is a lifestyle, it can be a good one. +yHPluHrUifE-00209-00097300-00097750 There may be not a healthy lifestyle. +yHPluHrUifE-00210-00097750-00098394 Some cultures and subcultures would exalt violence and glorify rapture. +yHPluHrUifE-00211-00098394-00098973 There is a reconsideration of many things in history, for example, colonialism or slavery, +yHPluHrUifE-00212-00098973-00099455 which allowed certain economies to get rich and gild palaces. +yHPluHrUifE-00213-00099455-00100018 Still, it all happened at the expense of millions of destinies. +yHPluHrUifE-00214-00100018-00100743 True culture has a dose of self-criticism, even repentance, and the ability to comprehend +yHPluHrUifE-00215-00100743-00100902 its priorities and values critically. +yHPluHrUifE-00216-00100902-00101647 There is also a certain contribution to which true Christianity must always return. +yHPluHrUifE-00217-00101647-00102055 It is this posture of humility and repentance. +yHPluHrUifE-00218-00102055-00103550 This is not about self-flagellation and humiliation but about understanding our ability to make +yHPluHrUifE-00219-00103550-00103650 mistakes. +yHPluHrUifE-00220-00103650-00103972 High culture realises its fallibility. +yHPluHrUifE-00221-00103972-00104648 Let us return to the figure of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky. +yHPluHrUifE-00222-00104648-00105000 Which of his ideas of patronage are relevant? +yHPluHrUifE-00223-00105000-00105170 What can we learn from him today? +yHPluHrUifE-00224-00105170-00105956 It seems to me that almost everything that Metropolitan Andrey did and everything he +yHPluHrUifE-00225-00105956-00106146 said is very relevant. +yHPluHrUifE-00226-00106146-00106482 And every year it opens up more and more. +yHPluHrUifE-00227-00106482-00107986 The fact is that nearly half a century after his death, his legacy was blackened and closed, +yHPluHrUifE-00228-00107986-00108086 falsified. +yHPluHrUifE-00229-00108086-00108741 Totalitarianism, in particular communism, was very afraid of his testimony, realising +yHPluHrUifE-00230-00108741-00110370 that it was powerful because it was true. +yHPluHrUifE-00231-00110370-00111338 Obviously, there is no question of literally repeating the steps, words, and gestures that +yHPluHrUifE-00232-00111338-00111939 Metropolitan Andrey created at that time, but they are so close in time and were so +yHPluHrUifE-00233-00111939-00112063 far-sighted that they can inspire us. +yHPluHrUifE-00234-00112063-00114478 This is the interdisciplinarity of Metropolitan Andrey, his clear identity as a Greek Catholic, +yHPluHrUifE-00235-00114478-00115539 a Ukrainian, and a self-determined identity. +yHPluHrUifE-00236-00115539-00117145 Thus, he made a choice and moved from the Latin rite to the Eastern. +yHPluHrUifE-00237-00117145-00118605 He was the son of a Polonized family and became the leader of Ukrainians in the XX century. +yHPluHrUifE-00238-00118605-00119600 His priorities, principles, I would say his humour is very relevant. +yHPluHrUifE-00239-00119600-00121253 He +yHPluHrUifE-00240-00121253-00121771 was smiling, and he could feel the sacrament. +yHPluHrUifE-00241-00121771-00122356 And so, he was great. +yHPluHrUifE-00242-00122356-00124127 He was not an envious man, not a man who was jealous. +yHPluHrUifE-00244-00128922-00130467 Therefore, he could freely move from one language to another, from one cultural context to another, +yHPluHrUifE-00245-00130467-00130898 constantly enriching and building his home. +yHPluHrUifE-00246-00130898-00131322 Thank you very much, Your Beatitude. +yHPluHrUifE-00247-00131322-00132027 On this positive note, we will come to an end. +yHPluHrUifE-00248-00132027-00133595 Thank you for this conversation, for agreeing to take part in our project, "Sheptytsky Scholarship", +yHPluHrUifE-00249-00133595-00134371 supported by the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation I am grateful to the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation +yHPluHrUifE-00250-00134371-00135086 and all of you who organise this program at the Sheptytsky Centre. +yHPluHrUifE-00251-00135086-00137384 I express my sincere appreciation to the fellows who are the first to enter this project, and +yHPluHrUifE-00252-00137384-00139222 I think they will probably be its most powerful speakers. +yHPluHrUifE-00254-00147941-00148906 will be so. +yHPluHrUifE-00259-00178974-00179374 social networks. +yMdT98txmV0-00000-00000186-00000827 When you log into the same account on 2 devices and use it simultaneously, +yMdT98txmV0-00001-00000838-00000972 what will happen? +yMdT98txmV0-00002-00000992-00001398 On 1st device, you add 3 words to word book A +yMdT98txmV0-00003-00001424-00002052 At the same time, on 2nd device, you change your active word book into book B, +yMdT98txmV0-00004-00002072-00002282 and you save 5 words. +yMdT98txmV0-00005-00002616-00002692 What happens? +yMdT98txmV0-00006-00002708-00002904 Our server may get confused, +yMdT98txmV0-00007-00002928-00003302 as it doesn't understand which data you want to save. +yMdT98txmV0-00008-00003324-00003538 It may choose randomly. +yMdT98txmV0-00009-00003554-00003965 So even though you can use your account on multiple devices, +yMdT98txmV0-00010-00003984-00004432 it's not advised that you use them at the same time. +yMg7yFX297E-00000-00000003-00000869 Hello Zwifters, Welcome to this episode of How to Run on Zwift in which we delve into the very +yMg7yFX297E-00001-00000869-00001767 mysterious world of Zwift race timings. So many of you will have done the Zwift half marathon +yMg7yFX297E-00002-00001767-00002349 last weekend. It's now March the 1st so you've had time to recover but have you actually looked +yMg7yFX297E-00003-00002349-00003048 at your race results in Zwift or on Strava? Because you might notice some very odd things. +yMg7yFX297E-00004-00003048-00003722 So here we are, let's start with my particular race result. If I click on this button here, +yMg7yFX297E-00005-00003722-00004476 I'm taken to my race result, which you can see is 89 minutes 36.5 seconds. Now let's +yMg7yFX297E-00006-00004476-00005349 round that up to 37 seconds. So it's actually one hour 29 minutes and 37 seconds. That is my +yMg7yFX297E-00007-00005349-00006513 time for 21.1 kilometres the other day. That's all fine but then we click on this button and it +yMg7yFX297E-00008-00006513-00007236 shows me crossing the line in a time of one hour 29 minutes and 20 seconds. You can see +yMg7yFX297E-00009-00007236-00007908 it there on the screen. Where has that other 17 seconds come from in my race result which +yMg7yFX297E-00010-00007908-00008370 appears literally moments after I cross the line? It flashes up on the screen, +yMg7yFX297E-00011-00008370-00009057 one hour 29 minutes 37 seconds. Seems a bit strange doesn't it? Until we look at the +yMg7yFX297E-00012-00009057-00009693 beginning of the race. Now many of you will have noticed at the beginning of the race you start +yMg7yFX297E-00013-00009693-00010170 running and there's a little section that you run in which has become known as no-man's land, +yMg7yFX297E-00014-00010170-00011025 because the timer and the distance markers do not start clocking up for a little while, and then +yMg7yFX297E-00015-00011025-00011541 they start clocking up. This is a bit weird. Let's just have a look at a video. So what I've done +yMg7yFX297E-00016-00011541-00012204 here is I've recorded a video where I've timed how long it takes from when you start running, +yMg7yFX297E-00017-00012204-00013032 to when the clock starts in Zwift. So you watch this. So here we go. There, three, two, one, we +yMg7yFX297E-00018-00013032-00013737 start running. Now my timer starts going. So we're off and running. We think we're running the half +yMg7yFX297E-00019-00013737-00014676 marathon now. Ten seconds still no timer, still no distance. Look up there. But now we come to this +yMg7yFX297E-00020-00014676-00015462 banner here. 17 seconds and there we go. The timer and the distance start moving. So it's taken 17 +yMg7yFX297E-00021-00015462-00016341 seconds of running before we get the timer and the distance marker to start. 17 seconds. That's a bit +yMg7yFX297E-00022-00016341-00017172 strange isn't it? 17 seconds. If we add 17 seconds to 1 hour 29 minutes and 20 seconds look what we +yMg7yFX297E-00023-00017172-00018060 get. One hour 29 minutes and 37 seconds! So why is that? The other thing to look at. Check this out. +yMg7yFX297E-00024-00018060-00018825 We go back to this screen here and you'll notice a half marathon is actually 21.1 kilometres, +yMg7yFX297E-00025-00018825-00020355 up to 21 point 1. You'll notice, as I cross the line here, I haven't run 21.1 kilometres. +yMg7yFX297E-00026-00020355-00021960 Geeky isn't it? But I love it all! So let's go and have a look at my Strava distance and +yMg7yFX297E-00027-00021960-00022629 time. So Strava tells us that… just ignore the time I'll come to that in a minute, +yMg7yFX297E-00028-00022629-00023358 ignore the time… that Strava has given me. Right look at the distance. So the distance is 21 point +yMg7yFX297E-00029-00023358-00024234 1 3 kilometres. 21 point 13 kilometres. Now you remember here we have 21 point 06 kilometres. +yMg7yFX297E-00030-00024234-00025140 So a difference of point 07 of a kilometre. 70 metres. 70 metres! Now guess what, it just so +yMg7yFX297E-00031-00025140-00025887 happens that at 14 kilometres an hour, which is the pace that I started the race, it takes about +yMg7yFX297E-00032-00025887-00026883 17 seconds to run 70 metres. 17 seconds to run 70 metres. Essentially, what we're saying here is +yMg7yFX297E-00033-00026883-00027898 that the race and the timing of the race and the distance of the race started then. It started when +yMg7yFX297E-00034-00027898-00028504 we started running. So what is this gap? It's ridiculous! Why, why does Zwift have this gap, +yMg7yFX297E-00035-00028504-00029070 when they don't start the timing and they don't start the distance clocks until we go under this +yMg7yFX297E-00036-00029070-00029739 banner here? I have no idea, because it's clear from the race result and from looking at Strava, +yMg7yFX297E-00037-00029739-00030319 that actually the race did start, the timing and the distance did start, when we started running. I +yMg7yFX297E-00038-00030319-00030858 don't understand it. Can anybody please explain it to me? No, you can’t. Can you? You can't +yMg7yFX297E-00039-00030858-00031468 explain it. Okay, there's more though, there is more. Right, now, if we go back to Strava, +yMg7yFX297E-00040-00031468-00032473 you'll see my time is actually 1-hour 29 minutes 47 seconds. An extra 10 seconds on top of my time +yMg7yFX297E-00041-00032473-00033196 that I thought I'd done. So we can explain that if we look at my stats for the end of the race. +yMg7yFX297E-00042-00033196-00033865 You see here that my fastest kilometre was right at the end of the race. 3 minutes 47 +yMg7yFX297E-00043-00033865-00034468 seconds for the final kilometre. That takes us from kilometre 22 kilometres, but then you can +yMg7yFX297E-00044-00034468-00035137 see right at the end of the race is a tiny little section which is very, very slow indeed. And the +yMg7yFX297E-00045-00035137-00035578 way we explain that is because when you cross the finish line you press stop on the treadmill, +yMg7yFX297E-00046-00035578-00036151 it does take a little while for the treadmill to slow down. So you are technically still moving on +yMg7yFX297E-00047-00036151-00036856 the treadmill and Strava is counting that and if I look on my video of the race I can see that the +yMg7yFX297E-00048-00036856-00037678 timer in Zwift doesn't actually stop until it says 1 hour 29 minutes and 47 seconds. So that explains +yMg7yFX297E-00049-00037678-00038530 those 10 seconds. There's one final thing. If we press on this button here, this is my Zwift +yMg7yFX297E-00050-00038530-00039316 Dashboard and the dashboard for the half marathon on the 24th of February says that my time was 1 +yMg7yFX297E-00051-00039316-00040063 hour 45 minutes. Well that's clearly ridiculous. 1 hour 45 minutes is the time from when I stood +yMg7yFX297E-00052-00040063-00040648 on the start line to the time I crossed the finish line, and that may be, well it clearly was, about +yMg7yFX297E-00053-00040648-00041218 eight minutes before the race started. So I'm pretty sure, I don't know for absolute certainty, +yMg7yFX297E-00054-00041218-00041863 but I'm pretty sure that is when you log in and you jump onto the start line of the race, +yMg7yFX297E-00055-00041863-00042457 the Zwift Dashboard starts the timer from then. It starts timing your entire activity time, +yMg7yFX297E-00056-00042457-00043279 not your race time and that's that. Gosh, that was tiring. So if you've ever wondered what's going on +yMg7yFX297E-00057-00043279-00043816 with your race timings on Zwift, then that's a little explanation of what I think is going on. +yMg7yFX297E-00058-00043816-00044275 Thank you very much for watching. We'll see you again for another How to Run on Zwift very soon. +yMg7yFX297E-00059-00044275-00044629 Please do subscribe to the Film My Run YouTube channel if you have a chance, and if you've got +yMg7yFX297E-00060-00044629-00045082 any comments, any questions please do leave them down below. Take care, see you next time. Bye bye. +ypseDbjCtT8-00000-00000042-00000516 it's been a couple of hours since my last video, but what I have for +ypseDbjCtT8-00001-00000516-00001332 you is that my latest short video dropped to 22, is roughly 22 views, +ypseDbjCtT8-00002-00001332-00002112 in literally only a few hours, and while it may have been a few hours to our last +ypseDbjCtT8-00003-00002112-00002664 video, I've had to do if it could be build up with my last two videos which is done. +yp-LlcYtOZy-00000-00000376-00000770 THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE SPOKE AT A RECENT PENTAGON PRESS BRIEF, ABOUT THE NEED FOR A +yp-LlcYtOZy-00001-00000770-00001246 THOROUGH "CULTURAL CHANGE" IN THE MILITARY REGARDING THE PREVENTION OF SEXUAL ASSAULT. +yp-LlcYtOZy-00002-00001246-00001925 "WE NEED CULTURAL CHANGE WHERE EVERY SERVICE MEMBER IS TREATED WITH DIGNITY AND RESPECT, +yp-LlcYtOZy-00003-00001925-00002492 WHERE ALL ALLEGATIONS OF INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR ARE TREATED WITH SERIOUSNESS, WHERE VICTIMS' +yp-LlcYtOZy-00004-00002492-00003222 PRIVACY IS PROTECTED, WHERE BYSTANDERS ARE MOTIVATED TO INTERVENE, AND WHERE OFFENDERS +yp-LlcYtOZy-00005-00003222-00003846 KNOW THAT THEY WILL BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE BY STRONG AND EFFECTIVE SYSTEMS OF JUSTICE." +yp-LlcYtOZy-00006-00003846-00004351 HE ALSO ANNOUNCED MEASURES AIMED AT REFORMING THE MILITARY JUSTICE SYSTEM INCLUDING PROPOSED +yp-LlcYtOZy-00007-00004351-00004800 CHANGES THAT WOULD ELIMINATE THE ABILITY OF COMMANDERS TO CHANGE FINDINGS IN COURT MARTIALS. +yp-LlcYtOZy-00008-00004800-00005080 FROM THE DEFENSE MEDIA ACTIVITY, I'M PETTY OFFICER BRANDIE WILLS. +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00000-00000003-00000629 okay now we're gonna talk about the most important muscles in boxing or any +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00001-00000629-00001059 martial art a lot of people think that those muscles have to do with your +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00002-00001059-00001838 shoulders and your arms and your thorax up here your chests actually no... +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00003-00001838-00002411 footwork and your base which they call it jujitsu and in boxing your base your +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00004-00002411-00002993 your legs are the key component to explosivity because everything comes +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00005-00002993-00003603 from that neural Drive from the leg and transforms itself into your thorax and +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00006-00003603-00004214 your trunk and through your shoulder so let's go over the positioning for +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00007-00004214-00004632 your legs in boxing and then we'll talk about the muscles and the nerves okay so +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00008-00004632-00005202 when you're boxing the base your stance is really important because you don't +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00009-00005202-00005844 want to be off balance to throw power you have to be balanced okay so if +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00010-00005844-00006276 I put both heels together I can't throw a power punch cuz I'm on a tight +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00011-00006276-00006654 rope right now you see I'm on the tight rope trying to throw our right hand and +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00012-00006654-00007363 how can I do that when both heels is on the same axis. go ahead and throw a right hand you see I can't +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00013-00007363-00007756 I'm gonna go this way if I feel a good right hand and turn I'm going to lean +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00014-00007756-00008529 off... got it... okay so I have to give myself a good base so the torque of the glute can go through +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00015-00008529-00008995 and I can feel through I can still generate power without the force +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00016-00008995-00009550 knocking me off balance okay so I have to turn through okay now +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00017-00009550-00009897 what I notice with a lot of times when I get like a new boxer and they want to +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00018-00009897-00010479 clean itself up is they won't turn the knee they won't turn the foot they won't +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00019-00010479-00011080 turn the hip so they throw a right hand like that right so basically what you're +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00020-00011080-00011533 saying is they're keeping their toes or their leg from an anatomical +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00021-00011533-00011944 standpoint that's called external rotation so he's basically holding his +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00022-00011944-00012445 leg out like this he is not turning his knee inward to create that torque +yQ2ZuBy7irY-00023-00012445-00013169 yes you're not creating the torque or the drive from the leg up +ySFToYj6wwE-00000-00000105-00000204 សួស្តីឆ្នាំថ្មី ឆ្នាំខាល ចត្វាស័ក +ySFToYj6wwE-00001-00000204-00000305 ព.ស.២៥៦៦-២០២២ សង្ក្រានឆ្នាំថ្មី ភូមិអង្គរជ័យ , សង្ក្រានឆ្នាំថ្មី +ySFToYj6wwE-00002-00000305-00000405 ភូមិអង្គរជ័យ, Volleyball, Ball, Football, Play Volleyball, Top Hight +ySFToYj6wwE-00003-00000405-00000505 Volleyball Player, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_VZ-m2exJg&t=6s, Football Match, Friendly Match Football,Volleyball, +ySFToYj6wwE-00004-00000505-00000605 Ball, Football, Play Volleyball, Top Hight Volleyball Player, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_VZ-m2exJg&t=6s, +ySFToYj6wwE-00005-00000605-00000705 Football Match, Friendly Match Football,Volleyball, Ball, Football, Play Volleyball, Top Hight +ySFToYj6wwE-00006-00000705-00000805 Volleyball Player, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_VZ-m2exJg&t=6s, Football Match, Friendly Match Football,Volleyball, +ySFToYj6wwE-00007-00000805-00000905 Ball, Football, Play Volleyball, Top Hight Volleyball Player, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_VZ-m2exJg&t=6s, +ySFToYj6wwE-00008-00000905-00001005 Football Match, Friendly Match Football,Volleyball, Ball, Football, Play Volleyball, Top Hight +ySFToYj6wwE-00009-00001005-00001105 Volleyball Player, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_VZ-m2exJg&t=6s, Football Match, Friendly Match Football,Volleyball, +ySFToYj6wwE-00010-00001105-00001205 Ball, Football, Play Volleyball, Top Hight Volleyball Player, +ySFToYj6wwE-00011-00001205-00001305 Golden Bees City Vs Reachsey Football Team,Tb.Khmum Branch. +ySFToYj6wwE-00012-00001305-00001405 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGr5Hb788JfUXnIwmNAvp6A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tSBi1T6vUQ&t=11s +ySFToYj6wwE-00013-00001405-00001505 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlwMFn8ZW_I https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OFDcbmS9f4 +ySFToYj6wwE-00014-00001505-00001605 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fk2eBmIx-48 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4y_ZXWfYKw +ySFToYj6wwE-00015-00001605-00002508 Friendly Match Football, Khmer Love,Golden Bees City Vs Reachsey Football Team,Tb.Khmum +ySFToYj6wwE-00016-00002508-00002717 Branch. +ySFToYj6wwE-00017-00002717-00005023 Friendly Match Football, Khmer Love,Golden Bees City Vs Reachsey Football Team,Tb.Khmum +ySFToYj6wwE-00018-00005023-00005232 Branch. +ySFToYj6wwE-00019-00005232-00006937 Friendly Match Football, Khmer Love, Khmer Love, Khmer Love +yTAc8Uqs4e4-00000-00000048-00000560 i'm removing one ant from this colony in order to apply a harmless pheromone called oleic acid that +yTAc8Uqs4e4-00001-00000560-00001040 will actually make the ant think it's dead. let's watch the ant and see what it does. ants have a +yTAc8Uqs4e4-00002-00001040-00001600 specific place in their colony called a graveyard. after an ant naturally dies, they emit a pheromone +yTAc8Uqs4e4-00003-00001600-00002048 called oleic acid after around two days and the other ants bring it over to the graveyard after +yTAc8Uqs4e4-00004-00002048-00002568 they smell it. so let's see what happens to this ant. looks like he may be volunteering to go into +yTAc8Uqs4e4-00005-00002568-00003192 the graveyard. it's interesting. it looks like he thinks that he needs to be over in the graveyard +yTAc8Uqs4e4-00006-00003192-00003832 area. his chemical senses are telling him to bring the dead thing over to the graveyard, +yTAc8Uqs4e4-00007-00003832-00004584 but it's on him. there he is again. he really just wants to hang out in this graveyard area. +yTAc8Uqs4e4-00008-00004648-00005080 you can see the bulk of the other ones stay over in this area, +yTAc8Uqs4e4-00009-00005080-00005432 but they don't really hang out in this area unless they're bringing a dead ant over. +yTAc8Uqs4e4-00010-00005512-00005856 she eventually cleaned herself off and then joined the normal society again. +yTDyO9DW-M8-00000-00000395-00001001 It's an exciting time to be an educator. +yTDyO9DW-M8-00001-00001115-00001707 Technology, especially the Internet, allows us to help our students to learn +yTDyO9DW-M8-00002-00001707-00002714 in innovative ways. Every day educators are finding and creating new +yTDyO9DW-M8-00003-00002714-00003937 digital media to use in their courses in person and online. With more resources +yTDyO9DW-M8-00004-00003938-00005082 comes new questions. "Can I use all the resources I find online?" +yTDyO9DW-M8-00005-00005104-00006152 "What about rules - can I legally use everything that I find without consequence?"' +yTDyO9DW-M8-00006-00006164-00006580 "What about my original work?" +yTDyO9DW-M8-00007-00006580-00007445 "Can anyone legally use any digital work I create and put online?" +yTDyO9DW-M8-00008-00007458-00008140 If this seems overwhelming, don't worry we're here to help. +yTDyO9DW-M8-00009-00008140-00008780 Chapter three provides educators with the basic information about copyright, +yTDyO9DW-M8-00010-00008780-00009880 fair use, and Creative Commons or "how to legally use and create multimedia for educational purposes." +yTDyO9DW-M8-00011-00010128-00011016 After completing Chapter three, educators will have a +yTDyO9DW-M8-00012-00011016-00012050 foundational understanding of copyright, fair use, and Creative Commons; How and +yTDyO9DW-M8-00013-00012050-00013026 where to select multimedia that can be legally used for their digital content; +yTDyO9DW-M8-00014-00013032-00014066 Understand how to select images that complement their online text; and Finally +yTDyO9DW-M8-00015-00014066-00014813 how to provide proper attribution for selected media. +yTDyO9DW-M8-00016-00014830-00015500 If you're ready to change the digital world to create a culture of respect +yTDyO9DW-M8-00017-00015500-00016462 an attribution, Chapter three is the place for you. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00000-00000254-00000930 The raising number of Internet users and mobile technologies has been amazing in the last decade +yUb-jfy5VQy-00001-00000930-00000982 followed by intense content production made available online. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00002-00000982-00002051 Due to the amount of content we search in the Internet, namely for educational purposes, +yUb-jfy5VQy-00003-00002051-00002754 and the difficulty to organize and classify them for future reference, many tools have emerged for that purpose. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00004-00002754-00003628 Delicious was one of those tools that became popular, created in 2003. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00005-00003628-00004078 But many other tools appeared, with different designs and functionalities. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00006-00004078-00004445 Diigo also aims to select, file and manage favourate resources, +yUb-jfy5VQy-00007-00004445-00004688 generally called «bookmarking». +yUb-jfy5VQy-00008-00004688-00005417 However, it presents advanced functionalities compared to Delicious, since it allows to annotate and highlight. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00009-00005417-00005953 When one makes available content, one usually tag it, with keywords or other references. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00010-00005953-00006418 Thus the systems manage to organize and classify them by categories, +yUb-jfy5VQy-00011-00006418-00006779 according to the tags, which facilitates the search. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00012-00006779-00007225 Vidque is an organizer of videos, with a mosaic look. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00013-00007225-00007784 According to the tags one inserts, it allows a thematic search, seen in lateral menu. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00014-00007784-00008253 SymbalooEdu is a bookmarking tool, +yUb-jfy5VQy-00015-00008253-00008729 one can create buttons associated to links and it allows some graphic freedom. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00016-00008729-00009303 More recently, curation tools have been offered, which beyond sharing +yUb-jfy5VQy-00017-00009303-00009585 allow comments to boobmarkings. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00018-00009585-00009846 Scoop.it is a kind of graphic journal. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00019-00009846-00010244 Scoop means in media jargon hot news. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00020-00010244-00010765 One can follow the Scoop-it from other curators and select their articles to one's own Scoop.it. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00021-00010765-00011255 One can also insert the selected URL directly in Scoop.it. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00022-00011255-00011861 The articles search depends on the tags we provide to the system, which makes an automatic search in the Internet, +yUb-jfy5VQy-00023-00011861-00012232 and alerts us periodically of what is available for us to be selected. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00024-00012232-00013306 One of the most recent tools is Pinterest. A virtual pin board. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00025-00013306-00013944 We can create thematic boards and pin in each of them the links for images and videos we select. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00026-00013944-00014699 We can visit other users pinboards and re-pin some of their items for our boards. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00027-00014699-00015103 It allows comments and microblogging. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00028-00015103-00015490 One can insert the pin-it button in the browser menu +yUb-jfy5VQy-00029-00015490-00015948 and so more easily pin the selected links to include in our boards. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00030-00015948-00016676 Livebinders reproduces the logic of traditional filing, binders in a shelf, but in an online version. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00031-00016676-00017103 It classifies the documents in binders and subbinders, +yUb-jfy5VQy-00032-00017103-00017553 to share them, since it generates an URL by each livebinders. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00033-00017553-00017799 It allows to insert multimedia documents, +yUb-jfy5VQy-00034-00017799-00018273 to embed in website or blog or to upload in Twitter or Facebook. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00035-00018273-00018642 Pearltrees has a much different design from Livebinders, +yUb-jfy5VQy-00036-00018642-00019131 it works in multiple nodes that derive from a central node. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00037-00019131-00019650 It allows a collaborative management in group and allows comments on the links and microblogging. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00038-00019650-00020589 There are other types of tools designed for research purposes, to collect bibliographic references, +yUb-jfy5VQy-00039-00020589-00021033 one of them is Mendeley. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00040-00021033-00021550 These tools, usually need to be installed in the computer. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00041-00021550-00022007 They organize documents by title, auther, journal, keywords. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00042-00022007-00022481 They import and organize pdf. as bibliographic refereneces, +yUb-jfy5VQy-00043-00022481-00023137 allow annotations and bookmarks in pages of articles or publications, and collect citations as well. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00044-00023137-00023494 There are other similar tools such as Zotero and +yUb-jfy5VQy-00045-00023494-00023929 Readcube, which is also +yUb-jfy5VQy-00046-00023929-00024352 an organizer of bibliographic references, +yUb-jfy5VQy-00047-00024352-00024796 which works by drag and drop of documents +yUb-jfy5VQy-00048-00024796-00025243 to the programme. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00049-00025243-00025953 There are countless tools that organize e-content and certainly, many more tools will come up. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00050-00025953-00026353 The video tutorials inserted in this presentation can be watched in the URL of this Prezi. +yUb-jfy5VQy-00051-00026400-00026700 Subtitles by the Amara.org community +yasBSfLmHD0-00000-00000864-00001592 so +yasBSfLmHD0-00001-00002144-00002984 so +yasBSfLmHD0-00002-00005576-00005584 you +ybdzQm58sQo-00000-00000188-00000672 RPC-111 Congratulations! You Are Our Last Customer! +ybdzQm58sQo-00001-00000672-00001024 object class Gamma-Purple +ybdzQm58sQo-00002-00001112-00001382 Registered Phenomena Code: 111 +ybdzQm58sQo-00003-00001382-00001529 Object Class: Gamma-Purple +ybdzQm58sQo-00004-00001529-00002488 Hazards: Visual Hazard, Info-Hazard, Grouped Hazard, Tychokinetic Hazard, Geological Hazard, +ybdzQm58sQo-00005-00002488-00002668 Explosive Hazard +ybdzQm58sQo-00006-00002668-00003375 Containment Protocols: Any manifesting instances of RPC-111 are to be shut down by Authority +ybdzQm58sQo-00007-00003375-00003638 personnel as soon as possible. +ybdzQm58sQo-00008-00003638-00004203 RPC-111 "branding" is to be removed by force from all parts of the surrounding area, and +ybdzQm58sQo-00009-00004203-00004792 the gas station is to remain closed under the premise of a "catastrophic gas leak". +ybdzQm58sQo-00010-00004792-00005353 Nearby gas station employees reported, at any point, to have been peddling RPC-111's +ybdzQm58sQo-00011-00005353-00005757 services are to be administered Class C amnestics immediately. +ybdzQm58sQo-00012-00005757-00006221 All products, receipts, or other documentation obtained by unauthorized personnel are to +ybdzQm58sQo-00013-00006221-00006639 be confiscated by Authority personnel and incinerated immediately. +ybdzQm58sQo-00014-00006639-00007325 In the event of containment failure, all known customers of said RPC-111 instance and all +ybdzQm58sQo-00015-00007325-00007980 individuals within a 150km radius of the location of the instance are to be given Class C amnestics. +ybdzQm58sQo-00016-00007980-00008519 Funding is to be provided to local governments to construct buildings onto the remains of +ybdzQm58sQo-00017-00008519-00008637 RPC-111. +ybdzQm58sQo-00018-00008637-00008957 Any such building must be unable to sell fuel. +ybdzQm58sQo-00019-00008957-00009393 All news articles about the incident are to be kept strictly local and are to be edited +ybdzQm58sQo-00020-00009393-00010003 to report the RPC-111 instance as belonging to the previous chain, before transformation +ybdzQm58sQo-00021-00010003-00010417 into an RPC-111 instance. +ybdzQm58sQo-00022-00010417-00011024 Description: RPC-111 is the collective designation for a small chain of gas stations located +ybdzQm58sQo-00023-00011024-00011341 across the North American continent. +ybdzQm58sQo-00024-00011341-00012034 Each instance of RPC-111 is drastically different in appearance, but identical in function. +ybdzQm58sQo-00025-00012034-00012485 Each instance resembles a gas station belonging to another company chain, except trademark +ybdzQm58sQo-00026-00012485-00013151 branding is replaced by the term "████████." Gas prices at instances of RPC-111 are typically +ybdzQm58sQo-00027-00013151-00013734 cheaper than nearby competing chains by a range of 50¢ to $2.00. +ybdzQm58sQo-00028-00013734-00014235 In addition, each instance has a small store where patrons can buy food and drinks, which +ybdzQm58sQo-00029-00014235-00014701 have no anomalous properties but are known to be quite popular, according to testimony +ybdzQm58sQo-00030-00014701-00015051 from customers of RPC-111. +ybdzQm58sQo-00031-00015051-00015559 The number of RPC-111 instances varies with time, but there are estimated to be an average +ybdzQm58sQo-00032-00015559-00016291 of █ at any given moment, accounting for approximately 0.0██% of all gas stations +ybdzQm58sQo-00033-00016291-00016451 in North America. +ybdzQm58sQo-00034-00016451-00016945 It is currently unknown as to who operates the RPC-111 chain. +ybdzQm58sQo-00035-00016945-00017568 RPC-111 will randomly replace existing gas stations across its area of activity. +ybdzQm58sQo-00036-00017568-00018188 Upon manifestation, all gas stations within a 10km radius of the RPC-111 instance will +ybdzQm58sQo-00037-00018188-00018878 begin to either exhibit fuel dispenser failures, increased gas prices, or purposefully-underperforming +ybdzQm58sQo-00038-00018878-00019068 staff. +ybdzQm58sQo-00039-00019068-00019640 Employees will do this in an attempt to promote RPC-111's services to those dissatisfied with +ybdzQm58sQo-00040-00019640-00020021 the service at the employees' respective gas station. +ybdzQm58sQo-00041-00020021-00020595 The result of this will usually be a massive influx of business transferring over to RPC-111 +ybdzQm58sQo-00042-00020595-00020753 instances. +ybdzQm58sQo-00043-00020753-00021301 RPC-111 instances will also produce anomalous humanoid creatures to staff it, referred to +ybdzQm58sQo-00044-00021301-00021633 as RPC-111-1. +ybdzQm58sQo-00045-00021633-00022087 What happens to the previous employees of the gas station is unknown. +ybdzQm58sQo-00046-00022087-00022764 Instances of RPC-111-1 stand at an average height of 2.12 meters and are visually identical +ybdzQm58sQo-00047-00022764-00023468 to humans, wearing the uniforms of the gas station chain before RPC-111 transformation. +ybdzQm58sQo-00048-00023468-00024213 However, RPC-111-1 instances lack notable facial characteristics, such as hair, ears, +ybdzQm58sQo-00049-00024213-00024334 or noses. +ybdzQm58sQo-00050-00024334-00024923 While RPC-111-1 instances posess eye sockets and a mouth, they are devoid of eyeballs or +ybdzQm58sQo-00051-00024923-00025023 teeth. +ybdzQm58sQo-00052-00025023-00025656 These holes seemingly absorb 99% of incoming light, making them appear pitch black. +ybdzQm58sQo-00053-00025656-00026364 The mouth of RPC-111-1 is fixed in an unmoving and unnaturally-wide smile. +ybdzQm58sQo-00054-00026364-00027094 RPC-111-1 instances seemingly communicate to customers of RPC-111 instances telepathically. +ybdzQm58sQo-00055-00027094-00027550 Prior interviews indicate that these "employees" will frequently coerce attending customers +ybdzQm58sQo-00056-00027550-00028225 to purchase goods from RPC-111 instances, insinuating that they "never have enough stuff" +ybdzQm58sQo-00057-00028225-00028713 and frequently remarking "Where else would they spend that money?" +ybdzQm58sQo-00058-00028713-00029325 RPC-111-1 instances can be easily coerced into Authority possession, however separation +ybdzQm58sQo-00059-00029325-00029950 from RPC-111 for more than one hour will result in their sudden sublimation. +ybdzQm58sQo-00060-00029950-00030694 As such, information gathered from RPC-111-1 instances is extremely scarce. +ybdzQm58sQo-00061-00030694-00031270 RPC-111's most dangerous property comes in the form of a random message sent continuously +ybdzQm58sQo-00062-00031270-00032141 to one of the patrons of the RPC-111 instance (designated RPC-111-2) until they answer it. +ybdzQm58sQo-00063-00032141-00032831 This message takes the form of the typical spam email/text message/phone call, and RPC-111-1 +ybdzQm58sQo-00064-00032831-00033430 instances are even known to acknowledge it in the store with confetti or buzzers. +ybdzQm58sQo-00065-00033430-00034081 The message congratulates RPC-111-2 for being a certain number of customer (matching up +ybdzQm58sQo-00066-00034081-00034662 with the transaction records of the RPC-111 instance) typically between the range of 10th +ybdzQm58sQo-00067-00034662-00034964 customer to 1,000th customer. +ybdzQm58sQo-00068-00034964-00035448 In addition, the message will inform them that they are entitled to a prize, this prize +ybdzQm58sQo-00069-00035448-00036049 being a low-level info-hazard that compels those with knowledge of it to accept it. +ybdzQm58sQo-00070-00036049-00036532 However, this can be resisted with a high enough cognitohazardous resistance. +ybdzQm58sQo-00071-00036532-00037115 This message will continuously be sent until RPC-111-2 explicitly rejects the offer or +ybdzQm58sQo-00072-00037115-00037280 accepts it. +ybdzQm58sQo-00073-00037280-00038015 If RPC-111-2 turns down the prize, RPC-111-2's head will immediately explode. +ybdzQm58sQo-00074-00038015-00038504 It is unknown how this occurs, but it is instantaneous and unable to be prevented. +ybdzQm58sQo-00075-00038504-00039152 If the prize is accepted, the RPC-111 instance will explode with an approximate yield of +ybdzQm58sQo-00076-00039152-00039780 100 kilotons, flattening everything within a 1 km radius and killing any life forms within +ybdzQm58sQo-00077-00039780-00040058 the same range. +ybdzQm58sQo-00078-00040058-00040759 All instances of RPC-111-1 will spontaneously combust and home in on any other gas station +ybdzQm58sQo-00079-00040759-00041458 in a 10 km radius by sprinting at approximately 100 km/h in an attempt to catch the station +ybdzQm58sQo-00080-00041458-00041994 on fire and make it explode with a similar explosive force. +ybdzQm58sQo-00081-00041994-00042671 Whether successful or not, all RPC-111-1 instances will disappear within one hour of their respective +ybdzQm58sQo-00082-00042671-00042969 RPC-111 instance exploding. +ybdzQm58sQo-00083-00042969-00043540 No traces of the RPC-111 instance will exist after two hours of initial detonation. +ybdzQm58sQo-00084-00043540-00044427 RPC-111 has been responsible for approximately ███ fatalities and the loss of ███████ square +ybdzQm58sQo-00085-00044427-00044555 kilometers of land. +ybdzQm58sQo-00086-00044555-00044759 It has additionally contributed to numerous economic fluctuations. +ybdzQm58sQo-00087-00044759-00045275 Since its discovery, ██ gas stations have been converted into RPC-111 instances, and +ybdzQm58sQo-00088-00045275-00045913 █ have been destroyed by ignited RPC-111-1 instances. +ybdzQm58sQo-00089-00045913-00046511 At the current rate of RPC-111 manifestation, gas stations will become so infrequent that +ybdzQm58sQo-00090-00046511-00047106 gas-powered vehicles will become impractical in the United States by the year 2███. +ybdzQm58sQo-00091-00047106-00047718 Addendum 111.1: Interview with captured RPC-111-1 instance +ybdzQm58sQo-00092-00047718-00048647 Foreword: The following is an interview conducted between Lead Researcher Dr. ██████ and +ybdzQm58sQo-00093-00048647-00049344 an RPC-111-1 instance captured from an RPC-111 instance in [DATA EXPUNGED]. +ybdzQm58sQo-00094-00049344-00049915 As RPC-111-1 instances cannot talk, Dr. ██████ wrote down RPC-111-1's telepathic statements. +ybdzQm58sQo-00095-00049915-00050040 <Begin Log> +ybdzQm58sQo-00096-00050040-00050633 Dr. ██████: This is an interrogation of the captured RPC-111-1 instance. +ybdzQm58sQo-00097-00050633-00051181 RPC-111-1— is there a name you'd rather go by? +ybdzQm58sQo-00098-00051181-00051574 The RPC-111-1 instance shakes its head. +ybdzQm58sQo-00099-00051574-00052022 Dr. ██████ writes down, "No, not that I can think of. +ybdzQm58sQo-00100-00052022-00052570 Hopefully this won't take too long, I do have to go back to work, after all!" +ybdzQm58sQo-00101-00052570-00053035 Dr. ██████: RPC-111-1, hopefully you won't mind me asking this question. +ybdzQm58sQo-00102-00053035-00053374 What exactly are you? +ybdzQm58sQo-00103-00053374-00053751 RPC-111-1 tilts its head to the side almost as if confused. +ybdzQm58sQo-00104-00053751-00054216 Dr. ██████ jots down, "Isn't it obvious, Doc? +ybdzQm58sQo-00105-00054216-00054433 I'm you're friendly local ████████ worker! +ybdzQm58sQo-00106-00054433-00054847 I hope you're not thinking that we're trying to poison you or anything." +ybdzQm58sQo-00107-00054847-00055012 Dr. ██████: No, not at all. +ybdzQm58sQo-00108-00055012-00055324 Explain your history at… this company? +ybdzQm58sQo-00109-00055324-00055948 RPC-111-1 leans back in its chair and glances up at the ceiling before sitting up and staring +ybdzQm58sQo-00110-00055948-00056354 Dr. ██████ straight in the eyes. +ybdzQm58sQo-00111-00056354-00056854 Dr. ██████ writes, "Well, I first went to a location over in [DATA EXPUNGED] +ybdzQm58sQo-00112-00056854-00057154 after the BP station there ran out of gas. +ybdzQm58sQo-00113-00057154-00057467 Silly folks over there can't even keep track of their own stock! +ybdzQm58sQo-00114-00057467-00057838 No wonder I immediately fell in love with ████████! Pay practically +ybdzQm58sQo-00115-00057838-00058041 half the price for better service." +ybdzQm58sQo-00116-00058041-00058413 Dr. ██████: Let me stop you right there, RPC-111-1. +ybdzQm58sQo-00117-00058413-00058732 It sounds like you were once a customer? +ybdzQm58sQo-00118-00058732-00059269 RPC-111-1 again tilts its head to the side in confusion and begins convulsing. +ybdzQm58sQo-00119-00059269-00059694 Security grows tense and moves closer to Dr. ██████, but they lower their guard +ybdzQm58sQo-00120-00059694-00060004 two seconds later when RPC-111-1 stops. +ybdzQm58sQo-00121-00060004-00060526 Dr. ██████ jots down, "Of course I was, Doc. +ybdzQm58sQo-00122-00060526-00060972 What, do you think us ████████ workers grow on trees? +ybdzQm58sQo-00123-00060972-00061072 Hahaha!" +ybdzQm58sQo-00124-00061072-00061248 Dr. ██████: I apologize. +ybdzQm58sQo-00125-00061248-00061405 Please, continue. +ybdzQm58sQo-00126-00061405-00062138 RPC-111-1 glances off at the one-way mirror in the room before looking back at Dr. ██████. Dr. +ybdzQm58sQo-00127-00062138-00062627 ██████ writes, "Anyways, I tried the SuperShake and immediately I knew that +ybdzQm58sQo-00128-00062627-00062948 I'd be stopping there every single time I needed to fill up! +ybdzQm58sQo-00129-00062948-00063229 Speaking of, have you bought a SuperShake yet? +ybdzQm58sQo-00130-00063229-00063349 You really should. +ybdzQm58sQo-00131-00063349-00063522 Won't hurt to tryyyy!" +ybdzQm58sQo-00132-00063522-00063922 At this point, RPC-111-1 has started to melt. +ybdzQm58sQo-00133-00063922-00064515 Bits of its forehead are dripping off its chin, however, RPC-111-1's expression remains +ybdzQm58sQo-00134-00064515-00064615 unmoved. +ybdzQm58sQo-00135-00064615-00064894 Dr. ██████: So… what happened after this? +ybdzQm58sQo-00136-00064894-00065227 Not every customer becomes an employee. +ybdzQm58sQo-00137-00065227-00065547 RPC-111-1 begins melting faster. +ybdzQm58sQo-00138-00065547-00065887 As it does this, it places its left arm on the table. +ybdzQm58sQo-00139-00065887-00066289 Its hand is missing three fingers, having already melted off. +ybdzQm58sQo-00140-00066289-00066655 More researchers have entered the room and are frantically trying to scoop up liquid +ybdzQm58sQo-00141-00066655-00067306 parts of RPC-111-1, but it keeps evaporating before they can secure a sample. +ybdzQm58sQo-00142-00067306-00067779 Dr. ██████ scribbles, "Well, I thought about applying for a job. +ybdzQm58sQo-00143-00067779-00068313 I WAS unemployed at the time, and who knows where my next paycheck was gonna come from. +ybdzQm58sQo-00144-00068313-00068643 Luckily, ████████ noticed how many times I was stopping and shopping, +ybdzQm58sQo-00145-00068643-00069024 because you can never have enough stuff, and they offered me a job before I could even +ybdzQm58sQo-00146-00069024-00069241 ask if there were openings!" +ybdzQm58sQo-00147-00069241-00069782 As Dr. ██████ is writing the previous statement down, he begins to put the pen down +ybdzQm58sQo-00148-00069782-00070332 to ask the next question when RPC-111-1 starts twiddling what's left of its thumbs. +ybdzQm58sQo-00149-00070332-00070720 Its left arm suddenly drops off, splashing onto the floor. +ybdzQm58sQo-00150-00070720-00071208 Dr. ██████ immediately picks the pen again and jots down, "Look, I enjoy your +ybdzQm58sQo-00151-00071208-00071550 company, but if you're not going to buy anything, then I need to get back to work." +ybdzQm58sQo-00152-00071550-00071884 Dr. ██████: We only have a few more questions, don't worry. +ybdzQm58sQo-00153-00071884-00072147 Please continue with your background. +ybdzQm58sQo-00154-00072147-00072723 RPC-111-1 starts leaning forward, not of its own volition but because its spine has turned +ybdzQm58sQo-00155-00072723-00072837 to liquid. +ybdzQm58sQo-00156-00072837-00073216 As it hits the table, its head falls off and sits on the table top. +ybdzQm58sQo-00157-00073216-00073495 "I wasn't sure, but they accepted anyways. +ybdzQm58sQo-00158-00073495-00073630 I need to go." +ybdzQm58sQo-00159-00073630-00073823 Dr. ██████: When did you start working at ████████? +ybdzQm58sQo-00160-00073823-00074438 RPC-111-1's body rapidly sublimates. +ybdzQm58sQo-00161-00074438-00074668 Telepathic signals grow slower. +ybdzQm58sQo-00162-00074668-00074855 "E-ffec-tive im-me-di-ate-ly. +ybdzQm58sQo-00163-00074855-00074994 I MUST go im-me-di-ate-ly." +ybdzQm58sQo-00164-00074994-00075330 Dr. ██████: Do you remember anything before working at ████████? +ybdzQm58sQo-00165-00075330-00075914 "No-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o let me-e-e-e-e-e go-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o" +ybdzQm58sQo-00166-00075914-00076535 RPC-111-1 has melted to just a face lying on the table, rapidly evaporating. +ybdzQm58sQo-00167-00076535-00076763 Dr. ██████ asks one more question. +ybdzQm58sQo-00168-00076763-00077050 Dr. ██████: How did you learn you got accepted? +ybdzQm58sQo-00169-00077050-00077720 As RPC-111-1 evaporates into nothing, the final telepathic signals come in intermittently +ybdzQm58sQo-00170-00077720-00078218 as Dr. ██████ writes them down one word at a time. +ybdzQm58sQo-00171-00078218-00078346 "THEY" "SENT" +ybdzQm58sQo-00172-00078346-00078474 "ME" "A" +ybdzQm58sQo-00173-00078474-00078574 "TEXT" +ybdzQm58sQo-00174-00078574-00078674 <End Log> +ybdzQm58sQo-00175-00078674-00079469 Closing Statement: Moments later, the RPC-111 instance that RPC-111-1 originated from detonated. +ybdzQm58sQo-00176-00079469-00080091 Authority personnel were dispatched to stall any ignited RPC-111-1 instances from destroying +ybdzQm58sQo-00177-00080091-00080326 any more gas stations. +ybdzQm58sQo-00178-00080326-00083083 Despite loss of the RPC-111-1 instance, the interview was considered a success by Dr. +ybdzQm58sQo-00179-00083083-00083683 ██████. +yco6pj6HxUI-00000-00000112-00000811 The three main isotopes of carbon are carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. +yco6pj6HxUI-00001-00000811-00001430 Carbon-12 has six protons and six neutrons, carbon-13 has six protons and +yco6pj6HxUI-00002-00001430-00002175 seven neutrons, and carbon-14 has six protons and eight neutrons. Carbon-14 is +yco6pj6HxUI-00003-00002175-00002565 a radioactive isotope and disappears after a hundred thousand years. +yco6pj6HxUI-00004-00002565-00003174 In addition, carbon-12 is much more abundant in nature than carbon-13. Because +yco6pj6HxUI-00005-00003174-00003632 Carbon-12 and carbon-14 have different atomic weights, these isotopes +yco6pj6HxUI-00006-00003632-00004260 are fractionated via a number of different biological processes. The main +yco6pj6HxUI-00007-00004260-00004827 process that fractionates carbon-12 in nature is photosynthesis. Because +yco6pj6HxUI-00008-00004827-00005382 carbon-12 is much lighter than carbon-13, the organic material formed via +yco6pj6HxUI-00009-00005382-00006182 photosynthesis is enriched in carbon-12, and the material from which this organic +yco6pj6HxUI-00010-00006182-00006750 material forms, the atmosphere or the ocean, remains enriched in the other +yco6pj6HxUI-00011-00006750-00007381 isotope, carbon-13. Other processes that fractionate carbon-12 from carbon-13 +yco6pj6HxUI-00012-00007381-00008064 include respiration and the formation of methane. Because biological processes +yco6pj6HxUI-00013-00008064-00008628 operate over time and fractionate carbon-12 and carbon-13, the ratios of +yco6pj6HxUI-00014-00008628-00009075 carbon-12 and carbon-13 in natural materials is changed significantly over +yco6pj6HxUI-00015-00009075-00009668 time, and this fractionation has a number of different applications, as we will see +yco6pj6HxUI-00016-00009668-00010004 later in the module. +yf-wopTsRjA-00000-00000000-00000687 Hello, we will now discuss frequency tables. So frequency table or +yf-wopTsRjA-00001-00000687-00001187 distribution as it might be known as groups data into several categories, +yf-wopTsRjA-00002-00001187-00001863 referred to as classes, sometimes they use the word bins instead of classes, by +yf-wopTsRjA-00003-00001863-00002349 listing all the categories along with the number or frequency of data values +yf-wopTsRjA-00004-00002349-00002790 in each of them. So, for instance, if you're a teacher with a bunch of exam +yf-wopTsRjA-00005-00002790-00003225 scores ranging from anywhere from a thirty to a hundred percent, +yf-wopTsRjA-00006-00003225-00003684 you can't just list every single exam score and how many times it occurred. +yf-wopTsRjA-00007-00003684-00004335 No, you group the data into groups or classes or bins which is the proper +yf-wopTsRjA-00008-00004335-00005052 terminology to use. So the anatomy of a frequency table. So what I have displayed +yf-wopTsRjA-00009-00005052-00005400 would be a frequency table that shows you the age of lottery winners +yf-wopTsRjA-00010-00005400-00005826 from twenty to twenty nine, thirty to thirty nine, and so forth. So the left +yf-wopTsRjA-00011-00005826-00006351 column represents my classes or my bins, then my right column represents +yf-wopTsRjA-00012-00006351-00006818 frequencies. So as you can see from the twenty to twenty nine age range, that +yf-wopTsRjA-00013-00006818-00007484 has a frequency of two. For 70 - 79, there's a frequency of 9. Lower class +yf-wopTsRjA-00014-00007484-00007893 limits are the smallest numbers belonging to each class, so if you look +yf-wopTsRjA-00015-00007893-00008375 at your classes or your bins, you look at the smallest number for that specific +yf-wopTsRjA-00016-00008375-00008910 category. 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, these are called the lower class +yf-wopTsRjA-00017-00008910-00009585 limits. In contrast, the upper class limits are the largest numbers that can +yf-wopTsRjA-00018-00009585-00010059 actually possibly belong to each of the classes. So 29, 39, +yf-wopTsRjA-00019-00010059-00010479 49, 59, 69, and 79. These right-hand numbers, those +yf-wopTsRjA-00020-00010479-00011307 are called the upper class limits. The class width, that is the distance from or +yf-wopTsRjA-00021-00011307-00011736 the difference between the lower class limits of two consecutive classes or the +yf-wopTsRjA-00022-00011736-00012161 upper class limits of two consecutive classes. Like twenty and thirty, there's a +yf-wopTsRjA-00023-00012161-00012665 difference of ten there. Thirty and forty, there's a difference of ten. Forty and +yf-wopTsRjA-00024-00012665-00013091 fifty, there's a difference of ten there. The class width is 10 in this case. +yf-wopTsRjA-00025-00013091-00013497 Remember you look at the lower class limits of two consecutive +yf-wopTsRjA-00026-00013497-00014247 classes and subtract. The class midpoints are found literally you take the lower +yf-wopTsRjA-00027-00014247-00014805 class limit plus the lower class plus the upper class limit and divide by two. +yf-wopTsRjA-00028-00014805-00015340 Lower class limit plus upper class limit divided by two. You're averaging the +yf-wopTsRjA-00029-00015340-00015955 limits of your class or your bin. So 20 plus 29 over two that's where the 24.5 +yf-wopTsRjA-00030-00015955-00016888 came from. The 34.5 came from 30 plus 39 divided by 2 and so forth. Those are +yf-wopTsRjA-00031-00016888-00017569 class midpoints. Class boundaries. See the issue with frequency tables depending on +yf-wopTsRjA-00032-00017569-00017895 how you make them because different textbooks have different preferences, +yf-wopTsRjA-00033-00017895-00018604 notice that my first class cuts off at 29. My next class cuts off (correction - starts) at 30. Well, +yf-wopTsRjA-00034-00018604-00018904 when we're talking about ages using years is fine, but what if we were +yf-wopTsRjA-00035-00018904-00019195 dealing with data where you had something like a 29.5 +yf-wopTsRjA-00036-00019195-00019555 in there. Well what class would 29.5 belong to? +yf-wopTsRjA-00037-00019555-00020059 That's why we have to have class boundaries. So what class boundaries are +yf-wopTsRjA-00038-00020059-00020734 is you literally take your upper class limit of one class, your lower class +yf-wopTsRjA-00039-00020734-00021313 limit of the next class and you average them. So like 29 and 30, you average them +yf-wopTsRjA-00040-00021313-00021876 to get 29.5. 39 and 40, you average them to get 39.5. It's the +yf-wopTsRjA-00041-00021876-00022270 halfway point between the upper class limit of the first class and the upper +yf-wopTsRjA-00042-00022270-00022957 lower class limit of the next class. In general, to find class boundaries, if your +yf-wopTsRjA-00043-00022957-00023556 data consists of whole numbers, so for whole number data. +yf-wopTsRjA-00044-00023920-00024726 You can add or subtract - this is another way to find your boundaries - you can add +yf-wopTsRjA-00045-00024726-00025863 or subtract 0.5 from your limits, from your class limits. That would still get +yf-wopTsRjA-00046-00025863-00026470 you these same data values listed here, these same boundaries listed here. For +yf-wopTsRjA-00047-00026507-00028611 data with one decimal place, you have to add or subtract 0.05 from +yf-wopTsRjA-00048-00028611-00029294 your class limits. So however many decimal points your data go out to, you +yf-wopTsRjA-00049-00029294-00029982 subtract one more decimal place with the 5 at the end, so for no decimal places +yf-wopTsRjA-00050-00029982-00030444 you subtract 0.5. For one decimal place, you subtract 0.05 or +yf-wopTsRjA-00051-00030444-00031034 add to each of the class limits. So it's not really a big deal to be able to +yf-wopTsRjA-00052-00031034-00031431 master finding class boundaries. The important thing is that you're able to +yf-wopTsRjA-00053-00031431-00031877 create your classes Like I said, people have different preferences for how they +yf-wopTsRjA-00054-00031877-00032269 create frequency tables. Just depends on who you're dealing with. +yf-wopTsRjA-00055-00032269-00032883 So with frequency tables, sometimes they'll use what is called interval notation for +yf-wopTsRjA-00056-00032883-00033432 the classes. For instance, if you see 20 to 29 as a class, they may write 20 comma +yf-wopTsRjA-00057-00033432-00033921 29 enclosed within brackets. You've likely seen this before, it is called +yf-wopTsRjA-00058-00033921-00034383 interval notation. It''s the same thing as saying anything from 20 to 29, including +yf-wopTsRjA-00059-00034383-00035130 20 and 29 themselves, is class 1. 30 to 39 you have 30 comma 39 enclosed within +yf-wopTsRjA-00060-00035130-00035700 brackets. It means the same exact thing. Another way we might do this because we +yf-wopTsRjA-00061-00035700-00036165 have to deal with boundary values overlapping with each other. Like you +yf-wopTsRjA-00062-00036165-00036641 know 29 and 30, what do you do with that 29.5, if that was a possible data +yf-wopTsRjA-00063-00036641-00037124 value you'd have. Well one way to do this is to still keep interval notation. +yf-wopTsRjA-00064-00037124-00037782 They say 20 to 29, let's write that as 20 to 30 and the +yf-wopTsRjA-00065-00037782-00038250 next class is 30 to 40. As you can see the upper-class limit of the first class +yf-wopTsRjA-00066-00038250-00038741 and lower class limit of the second class are identical. So what if you have +yf-wopTsRjA-00067-00038741-00039174 an age of 30, where is it supposed to go? So to counter this what they do +yf-wopTsRjA-00068-00039174-00039582 strategically here is they put a bracket around the lower value in each class. +yf-wopTsRjA-00069-00039582-00040101 That means you include that value 20 in the first class and they put a +yf-wopTsRjA-00070-00040101-00040611 parentheses around the upper class limit of each class. What that means is that 30 +yf-wopTsRjA-00071-00040611-00041141 does not belong to the first class but anything smaller than 30, but greater +yf-wopTsRjA-00072-00041141-00041757 than or equal to 20, does. In class 2 this parentheses by the 40. That means 40 does +yf-wopTsRjA-00073-00041757-00042237 not belong to that class, but everything smaller than it does. 40 actually belongs +yf-wopTsRjA-00074-00042237-00042663 to the third class. That's why it has the bracket and so forth. So these are just +yf-wopTsRjA-00075-00042663-00043428 looking at all the various ways these frequency tables can be created. All a +yf-wopTsRjA-00076-00043428-00043833 relative frequency table is is it includes the same class limits, it +yf-wopTsRjA-00077-00043833-00044397 includes a frequency column, but it also calculates the relative frequency which +yf-wopTsRjA-00078-00044397-00044997 is the percentage that something occurs. So it's a percentage frequency or a +yf-wopTsRjA-00079-00044997-00045552 fraction or decimal frequency. So for instance I'm dealing with exam scores, I +yf-wopTsRjA-00080-00045552-00045975 have my classes or bins listed in the first column then I have my frequencies +yf-wopTsRjA-00081-00045975-00046647 listed in the second column. So notice that I have how many students here? It +yf-wopTsRjA-00082-00046647-00047678 looks like I have 35 students, right? Alright so to find the relative frequency +yf-wopTsRjA-00083-00047678-00048183 you look at, okay, class one has a frequency of one. One out of 35 of the +yf-wopTsRjA-00084-00048183-00048810 students or the exam scores belong to class one. One out of 35 is 0.029 +yf-wopTsRjA-00085-00048810-00049845 which is 2.9%. Second class: four out of 35 is 0.114. Move the +yf-wopTsRjA-00086-00049845-00050147 decimal to the right two spots. That's 11.4%. +yf-wopTsRjA-00087-00050147-00051147 Three you have 7 out of 35, that's 0.2, so that's 20%, and so forth. And +yf-wopTsRjA-00088-00051147-00051584 what this last column is is it's called a cumulative frequency. It says okay +yf-wopTsRjA-00089-00051584-00052105 class one your cumulative frequency or total frequency of all the classes is +yf-wopTsRjA-00090-00052105-00052754 2.9%. Everything in class one which is the only class we have. When we get to +yf-wopTsRjA-00091-00052754-00053450 the cumulative frequency for class 2, it includes the total frequencies for class +yf-wopTsRjA-00092-00053450-00053985 one and two. Everything class two and before it. When we get to the cumulative +yf-wopTsRjA-00093-00053985-00054624 frequency in class three, well then we're adding up class 1, 2, and 3. That's +yf-wopTsRjA-00094-00054624-00055101 how cumulative frequency works. It adds up the current class and everything +yf-wopTsRjA-00095-00055101-00055674 before it. So this class for this cumulative frequency includes everything +yf-wopTsRjA-00096-00055674-00056066 from class one, two, three, and four and notice class five you finally get +yf-wopTsRjA-00097-00056066-00056613 to a hundred percent. Depending on how you rounded, depending on how you rounded, +yf-wopTsRjA-00098-00056613-00057557 it might be 99% or it could be 101%, your cumulative frequency. +yf-wopTsRjA-00099-00057557-00057995 Sometimes rounding errors caused us to get slightly different than a hundred +yf-wopTsRjA-00100-00057995-00058589 percent just to warn you. So use the relative frequency distribution of exam +yf-wopTsRjA-00101-00058589-00059175 scores to find the indicated information. Where are the lower class limits?Who are +yf-wopTsRjA-00102-00059175-00059949 they? Remember that is the smallest number in every single class. We have +yf-wopTsRjA-00103-00059949-00061169 five classes. We need five lower class limits. So we have 50, 60, 70, 80, 90. What +yf-wopTsRjA-00104-00061169-00062489 about the upper class limits, the bigger number in each class. So I have 59, 69, 79, +yf-wopTsRjA-00105-00062489-00063441 89, and 99. And the class width, remember that is the difference between the lower +yf-wopTsRjA-00106-00063441-00063927 class limits or the upper class limits of two consecutive classes. What is the +yf-wopTsRjA-00107-00063927-00064398 difference between 50 and 60? 60 minus 50 is ten. 70 +yf-wopTsRjA-00108-00064398-00065466 minus 60 is 10. Ten ten ten is the class width. Class midpoints: remember how we +yf-wopTsRjA-00109-00065466-00065862 said to find these. We said you add up the lower class limit and upper class +yf-wopTsRjA-00110-00065862-00066471 limit of each class and you divide by two. So for class one we're dealing with +yf-wopTsRjA-00111-00066471-00067391 54.5. So I have 54.5. Here's a little hint: +yf-wopTsRjA-00112-00067391-00067920 instead of you averaging every single lower class and upper class limit, you +yf-wopTsRjA-00113-00067920-00068601 can just add 10 to 54.5 to get 64.5, then +yf-wopTsRjA-00114-00068601-00069350 to get 74.5, 84.5, and 94.5. +yf-wopTsRjA-00115-00069350-00069825 You can literally just add the class width and there's your five class +yf-wopTsRjA-00116-00069825-00070563 midpoints. Alright, class boundaries class boundaries. Remember I said if you +yf-wopTsRjA-00117-00070563-00071858 have whole number data, you can literally add or subtract 0.5 from your limits, +yf-wopTsRjA-00118-00071858-00072849 from your class limits. So for instance you literally take 50 and subtract 0.5 +yf-wopTsRjA-00119-00072849-00073629 and you'll get 49.5. So my class boundaries will be a 49.5, +yf-wopTsRjA-00120-00073629-00074657 add 10, 59.5, add 10, 69.5, add 10, +yf-wopTsRjA-00121-00074657-00075480 79.5, add 10, 89.5, add 10, 99.5. +yf-wopTsRjA-00122-00075480-00076011 So notice that these are the boundaries for my classes that began at +yf-wopTsRjA-00123-00076011-00076560 fifty and end at ninety nine, so you have a lower boundary of 49.5 for the very first +yf-wopTsRjA-00124-00076560-00077139 class. Notice your your cap out for the last class, the boundary is 99.5. These +yf-wopTsRjA-00125-00077139-00077513 boundaries, well, they're just that, they're your class +yf-wopTsRjA-00126-00077513-00078536 boundaries. They separate each of your classes both below and above. Next, some +yf-wopTsRjA-00127-00078536-00078926 tips for collecting data, kind of some fun information. Reported data is where +yf-wopTsRjA-00128-00078926-00079286 people are actually asked to give data directly to those collecting it, so I ask +yf-wopTsRjA-00129-00079286-00079769 you what your weight is and you tell me. When data is actually measured those +yf-wopTsRjA-00130-00079769-00080159 actually collecting data actually measure the data themselves, so instead +yf-wopTsRjA-00131-00080159-00080627 of me asking for your weight, I have a scale, and I'm like, "Step on the scale, let +yf-wopTsRjA-00132-00080627-00081044 me get your weight." Of course you should never really ask anyone what their +yf-wopTsRjA-00133-00081044-00081719 weight is, you might get slapped potentially. So I have here the weight of 100 people that +yf-wopTsRjA-00134-00081719-00082067 was collected and the results of the last digit of their weight are shown in +yf-wopTsRjA-00135-00082067-00082607 the table. So last digit of the weight was a zero, I had a frequency of 46. +yf-wopTsRjA-00136-00082607-00083087 One had a frequency of one. Last digit of the weight was a five that's thirty +yf-wopTsRjA-00137-00083087-00083480 people, so that's how all that was distributed. Remember this is the last +yf-wopTsRjA-00138-00083480-00084113 digit of the weight. So notice zero and five had really high frequencies. Do you +yf-wopTsRjA-00139-00084113-00084725 think all those people truly had weights that ended in zero and five? Do you think +yf-wopTsRjA-00140-00084725-00085340 this data was actually measured or was it just recorded? I would say it was +yf-wopTsRjA-00141-00085340-00085847 recorded. I don't think I had a scale and I was weighing all hundred people +yf-wopTsRjA-00142-00085847-00086471 because there are so many people that had a zero and five meaning when you +yf-wopTsRjA-00143-00086471-00086777 ask someone their weight they typically will likely give you some sort +yf-wopTsRjA-00144-00086777-00087545 of nice pretty number. So there's lots of zeros and fives for last digits. So I'd +yf-wopTsRjA-00145-00087545-00087830 say that that is recorded because there's a lot of people that gave you a +yf-wopTsRjA-00146-00087830-00088183 weight that ended in a zero or five because we are just so used to nice +yf-wopTsRjA-00147-00088183-00088856 pretty numbers. I may weigh or someone may weigh 160 pounds or 163 pounds but when +yf-wopTsRjA-00148-00088856-00089342 someone asks me my weight I could tell them 165 or tell them 160 or I could +yf-wopTsRjA-00149-00089342-00089702 totally lie and tell them a totally different number. So is the data accurate? +yf-wopTsRjA-00150-00089702-00090346 No! The data are not accurate in this case, sorry. +zocDhGzEAt0-00000-00000059-00000455 Hi, I'm Ann Marie Buerkle, Acting Chair of the Consumer Product Safety Commission. +zocDhGzEAt0-00001-00000455-00000803 This is National Poison Prevention Week. +zocDhGzEAt0-00002-00000803-00001354 I want to remind all Americans about the dangers of unintentional poisonings and how to keep +zocDhGzEAt0-00003-00001354-00001533 children safe. +zocDhGzEAt0-00004-00001533-00002275 Did you know that about 84% of unintended child poisonings occur in the home? +zocDhGzEAt0-00005-00002275-00002779 That�s why CPSC urges everyone to have a plan for protection. +zocDhGzEAt0-00006-00002779-00003301 First, safeguard medications: Lock them up and keep them out of sight +zocDhGzEAt0-00007-00003301-00003722 and out of reach. +zocDhGzEAt0-00008-00003722-00004057 Keep medicines in their original child-resistant containers. +zocDhGzEAt0-00009-00004057-00004555 Next, laundry packets: Keep laundry packets up and away from +zocDhGzEAt0-00010-00004555-00004683 kids. +zocDhGzEAt0-00011-00004683-00005180 These packets dissolve quickly and release toxic chemicals. +zocDhGzEAt0-00012-00005180-00005522 Third, household cleaners : +zocDhGzEAt0-00013-00005522-00006064 With their bright colors and sweet smells, children may be tempted to drink them. +zocDhGzEAt0-00014-00006064-00006628 Always lock up these poisonous products and keep them out of the reach of children. +zocDhGzEAt0-00015-00006628-00006975 Fourth, carbon monoxide: +zocDhGzEAt0-00016-00006975-00007714 Every home needs to have a working C-O alarm on every level and outside each sleeping area. +zocDhGzEAt0-00017-00007714-00008372 This odorless, colorless gas is poisonous and can kill your family in seconds. +zocDhGzEAt0-00018-00008372-00009129 Lastly, liquid nicotine used in e-cigarettes is highly toxic, even in small doses. +zocDhGzEAt0-00019-00009129-00009847 Keep it in the original child-resistant packaging and out of sight of children. +zocDhGzEAt0-00020-00009847-00010139 Poisons can be found in every room of your home. +zocDhGzEAt0-00021-00010139-00010456 During Poison Prevention Week, take the time. +zocDhGzEAt0-00022-00010456-00010677 Make a plan for protection. +zocDhGzEAt0-00023-00010677-00010879 Keep your family safe! +z1gHAgob-2M-00000-00000064-00001592 three two one welcome to saguaro national park +z1gHAgob-2M-00001-00004256-00005168 are you guys ready let's go today we are at the saguaro national park one +z1gHAgob-2M-00002-00005168-00005592 of three national parks in the state of arizona and in this episode we take you +z1gHAgob-2M-00003-00005592-00006064 with us on a health day adventure to explore this beautiful national park +z1gHAgob-2M-00004-00006392-00006944 this park is located in the southern part of the state near tucson and there are two sections to +z1gHAgob-2M-00005-00006944-00007504 the park the eastern section called the rinkin mountain district and the western section referred +z1gHAgob-2M-00006-00007504-00007968 to as tucson mountain district so make sure that you have the right directions with you +z1gHAgob-2M-00007-00007968-00008384 the latter is the more popular and the one with more saguaro density +z1gHAgob-2M-00008-00008384-00008840 and this is the one that we are exploring on this beautiful sunny day in +z1gHAgob-2M-00009-00008840-00010456 arizona as we entered the park and just like usual we stopped by the visitor center +z1gHAgob-2M-00010-00010456-00011008 to grab a map ask for recommendations and lay out a plan for our day the park ranger +z1gHAgob-2M-00011-00011008-00011480 in duty was very helpful and even gave us some valuable information about the famous +z1gHAgob-2M-00012-00011480-00011888 desert ironwood i understand they gain density as they grow but they can grow +z1gHAgob-2M-00013-00011888-00012360 up 400 years so you know things in the desert they grow forever which is why it's so frail +z1gHAgob-2M-00014-00012360-00012792 because once you knock it down give me the mail it's hard to get it back now that we have a solid +z1gHAgob-2M-00015-00012792-00013447 plan it's time to head to our first stop in the park and that is the desert discovery nature trail +z1gHAgob-2M-00016-00013824-00014456 this trail is only a half mile in and out with a lot of saguaro and a ton of information about +z1gHAgob-2M-00017-00014456-00015208 the ecosystem in the sonoran deserts the trail is paved easily accessible very easy to walk on and +z1gHAgob-2M-00018-00015208-00015744 definitely kids friendly but what i really enjoyed is the amount of information that i got out of +z1gHAgob-2M-00019-00015744-00016344 this very short hike did you guys know that an adult saguaro is generally considered to be about +z1gHAgob-2M-00020-00016344-00017184 125 years of age they can be as old as 175 years of age this is very impressive they weigh 6 +z1gHAgob-2M-00021-00017184-00017912 tons or more and they can be as tall as 50 feet you're going to be hiking among some real giants +z1gHAgob-2M-00022-00017912-00018568 which is quite impressive especially for a tree that thrives in the middle of a real dry land +z1gHAgob-2M-00023-00018872-00019464 next is the bahada loop drive a six mile dirt road in the park that's definitely worth +z1gHAgob-2M-00024-00019464-00019944 driving if you have the time but because we are limited in time we're going to drive +z1gHAgob-2M-00025-00019944-00020600 just a section of it to get to our next stop which is valley view overlook trail right now we are +z1gHAgob-2M-00026-00020600-00021192 on valley view trail it's an easy beautiful trail that you definitely should check out it climbs all +z1gHAgob-2M-00027-00021192-00021920 the way up just a couple of feet to an overlook where you can see vast fields of saguaro it's very +z1gHAgob-2M-00028-00021920-00022464 beautiful now when you start hiking on this trail you will come to an intersection where there is a +z1gHAgob-2M-00029-00022464-00023000 wash called bajada wash trail you can walk on that trail if you want to but if you want to get to the +z1gHAgob-2M-00030-00023000-00023576 overlook you have to continue on the valley view trail and they also call it the wild dog trail +z1gHAgob-2M-00031-00023576-00023984 it's a very beautiful hike definitely check it out if you are in the saguaro national park +z1gHAgob-2M-00032-00024416-00025000 the holes that you usually see on these sawaro especially those that are higher up are usually +z1gHAgob-2M-00033-00025000-00025624 refused for birds owl bats just to provide them with warmth when it's really cold outside +z1gHAgob-2M-00034-00025624-00026783 or to prevent them from absorbing a lot of heat when it's hot outside +z1gHAgob-2M-00035-00027192-00027712 the tree right behind me here is an iron wood they usually grow by desert washes +z1gHAgob-2M-00036-00027712-00028239 they are very dense and very strong we stopped by the visitor center and the park ranger there +z1gHAgob-2M-00037-00028239-00028576 gave us a piece to hold in our hand just to kind of see how it feels +z1gHAgob-2M-00038-00028576-00029144 and we were also told that if you were to use a chainsaw to cut it it would generate some spark +z1gHAgob-2M-00039-00029144-00029704 the seeds of this tree are eaten by animals they are also roasted by american indians and eaten by +z1gHAgob-2M-00040-00029704-00030136 people other than that they are also removed and burned for fuel +z1gHAgob-2M-00041-00030839-00031272 look at this here you can see there's a twist a pretty violent twist because the arm originally +z1gHAgob-2M-00042-00031272-00031727 grew up and as it fell it must have fallen this way which is why you see the twist as +z1gHAgob-2M-00043-00031727-00032016 it comes down and lands on the ground here it seems like it's still growing +z1gHAgob-2M-00044-00032152-00032520 but uh i can't imagine why it would have lost the ability to support it +z1gHAgob-2M-00045-00033120-00033776 we're going to try to name as many plants of the sonoran desert as we can starting with number one +z1gHAgob-2M-00046-00033776-00034464 that is an ocotillo that's another ocotillo that's a teddy bear troyer that's a prickly pear +z1gHAgob-2M-00047-00034464-00035064 plant this one is called something like pencil or pantroya probably pencil choi more pencil troyer +z1gHAgob-2M-00048-00035120-00035560 more pencil troyer defensive choir friendship trying to treasure the floor to spend from troy +z1gHAgob-2M-00049-00035640-00036400 okatio more okatiel saguaro everywhere that's an ironwood over there no one behind me +z1gHAgob-2M-00050-00036400-00036688 i'm pretty sure it's a palo verde that's a mesquite +z1gHAgob-2M-00051-00036784-00037192 saguaro national park also has plenty of bike trails available for you there are a couple of +z1gHAgob-2M-00052-00037192-00037488 trails that are obviously marked for traffic only but if you do come make sure that you're +z1gHAgob-2M-00053-00037488-00037856 aware of the fact that there are little spines and needles around from tactile so make sure you have +z1gHAgob-2M-00054-00037856-00038312 the right tires for the job and talking about spines and needles when you are on these hiking +z1gHAgob-2M-00055-00038312-00038832 trails be very careful because some troyers will jump at you if you're taking photos or +z1gHAgob-2M-00056-00038832-00039400 videos just know where you are standing and it's probably a good idea to pack a tweezer with you +z1gHAgob-2M-00057-00039400-00040048 should anything go wrong i had a little accident myself and i promise you it was not very pleasant +z1gHAgob-2M-00058-00040472-00040904 we chose to finish the day here with a hike on signal hill trail +z1gHAgob-2M-00059-00040904-00041600 it's a beautiful easy trail that takes you to to a mesa or an overlook where you can watch the sunset +z1gHAgob-2M-00060-00041600-00042072 it's one of the most beautiful places here in the national park to watch the sun going down +z1gHAgob-2M-00061-00042072-00042720 and it's a nice walk in history because by the end or at the end of the trail you can spot a lot +z1gHAgob-2M-00062-00042720-00043352 of petroglyphs from when the ho ho come lived or inhabited the area so pretty interesting most of +z1gHAgob-2M-00063-00043352-00043928 these petrol leaves reminds me of the hieroglyphic trail in superstition mountains in in arizona +z1gHAgob-2M-00064-00043928-00044984 but yeah definitely a hike that you should check out very easy very straightforward +z1gHAgob-2M-00065-00047160-00047568 thank you so much for watching and if you found this episode to be +z1gHAgob-2M-00066-00047568-00048120 informative and useful please give it a thumbs up consider subscribing to our channel we are +z1gHAgob-2M-00067-00048120-00049768 trekking pals habiba and alex and we will see you very soon on a new adventure you +z2VpGC7UklY-00000-00000010-00000113 SENT DOWN TO SINGLE A. +z2VpGC7UklY-00001-00000113-00000120 SENT DOWN TO SINGLE A. +z2VpGC7UklY-00002-00000120-00000290 SENT DOWN TO SINGLE A. IN HIS PLACE, JOE MAUER COMING +z2VpGC7UklY-00003-00000290-00000296 SENT DOWN TO SINGLE A. IN HIS PLACE, JOE MAUER COMING +z2VpGC7UklY-00004-00000296-00000577 SENT DOWN TO SINGLE A. IN HIS PLACE, JOE MAUER COMING BACK FROM DL. +z2VpGC7UklY-00005-00000577-00000583 IN HIS PLACE, JOE MAUER COMING BACK FROM DL. +z2VpGC7UklY-00006-00000583-00000707 IN HIS PLACE, JOE MAUER COMING BACK FROM DL. IT'S THAT TIME AGAIN. +z2VpGC7UklY-00007-00000707-00000714 BACK FROM DL. IT'S THAT TIME AGAIN. +z2VpGC7UklY-00008-00000714-00000947 BACK FROM DL. IT'S THAT TIME AGAIN. RAY AND MANDY ARE BACK. +z2VpGC7UklY-00009-00000947-00000954 IT'S THAT TIME AGAIN. RAY AND MANDY ARE BACK. +z2VpGC7UklY-00010-00000954-00001074 IT'S THAT TIME AGAIN. RAY AND MANDY ARE BACK. >> HELLO, AGAIN, EVERYONE. +z2VpGC7UklY-00011-00001074-00001081 RAY AND MANDY ARE BACK. >> HELLO, AGAIN, EVERYONE. +z2VpGC7UklY-00012-00001081-00001227 RAY AND MANDY ARE BACK. >> HELLO, AGAIN, EVERYONE. THIS EVENING, WE'D LIKE TO TALK +z2VpGC7UklY-00013-00001227-00001234 >> HELLO, AGAIN, EVERYONE. THIS EVENING, WE'D LIKE TO TALK +z2VpGC7UklY-00014-00001234-00001337 >> HELLO, AGAIN, EVERYONE. THIS EVENING, WE'D LIKE TO TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT PLASTICS AND +z2VpGC7UklY-00015-00001337-00001344 THIS EVENING, WE'D LIKE TO TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT PLASTICS AND +z2VpGC7UklY-00016-00001344-00001421 THIS EVENING, WE'D LIKE TO TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT PLASTICS AND IMITATION BATES. +z2VpGC7UklY-00017-00001421-00001428 A LITTLE BIT ABOUT PLASTICS AND IMITATION BATES. +z2VpGC7UklY-00018-00001428-00001551 A LITTLE BIT ABOUT PLASTICS AND IMITATION BATES. THERE ARE LOTS OF VARIETIES, AND +z2VpGC7UklY-00019-00001551-00001558 IMITATION BATES. THERE ARE LOTS OF VARIETIES, AND +z2VpGC7UklY-00020-00001558-00001705 IMITATION BATES. THERE ARE LOTS OF VARIETIES, AND WHEN WE GET OUT ON THE LAKE IN +z2VpGC7UklY-00021-00001705-00001711 THERE ARE LOTS OF VARIETIES, AND WHEN WE GET OUT ON THE LAKE IN +z2VpGC7UklY-00022-00001711-00001845 THERE ARE LOTS OF VARIETIES, AND WHEN WE GET OUT ON THE LAKE IN LATER SEGMENTS, WE'RE GOING TO +z2VpGC7UklY-00023-00001845-00001851 WHEN WE GET OUT ON THE LAKE IN LATER SEGMENTS, WE'RE GOING TO +z2VpGC7UklY-00024-00001851-00001958 WHEN WE GET OUT ON THE LAKE IN LATER SEGMENTS, WE'RE GOING TO SHOW YOU HOW TO USE SOME OF +z2VpGC7UklY-00025-00001958-00001965 LATER SEGMENTS, WE'RE GOING TO SHOW YOU HOW TO USE SOME OF +z2VpGC7UklY-00026-00001965-00002218 LATER SEGMENTS, WE'RE GOING TO SHOW YOU HOW TO USE SOME OF THESE, HOW TO RIG THEM UP IN +z2VpGC7UklY-00027-00002218-00002225 SHOW YOU HOW TO USE SOME OF THESE, HOW TO RIG THEM UP IN +z2VpGC7UklY-00028-00002225-00002315 SHOW YOU HOW TO USE SOME OF THESE, HOW TO RIG THEM UP IN DIFFERENT FORMATS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00029-00002315-00002322 THESE, HOW TO RIG THEM UP IN DIFFERENT FORMATS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00030-00002322-00002449 THESE, HOW TO RIG THEM UP IN DIFFERENT FORMATS. BUT THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS +z2VpGC7UklY-00031-00002449-00002455 DIFFERENT FORMATS. BUT THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS +z2VpGC7UklY-00032-00002455-00002595 DIFFERENT FORMATS. BUT THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS YOU CAN BUY NOW THAT REPLACE -- +z2VpGC7UklY-00033-00002595-00002602 BUT THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS YOU CAN BUY NOW THAT REPLACE -- +z2VpGC7UklY-00034-00002602-00002749 BUT THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS YOU CAN BUY NOW THAT REPLACE -- WE'RE NOT PROMOTING JUST GETTING +z2VpGC7UklY-00035-00002749-00002756 YOU CAN BUY NOW THAT REPLACE -- WE'RE NOT PROMOTING JUST GETTING +z2VpGC7UklY-00036-00002756-00002969 YOU CAN BUY NOW THAT REPLACE -- WE'RE NOT PROMOTING JUST GETTING RID OF MINNOWS, NIGHT CRAWLERS +z2VpGC7UklY-00037-00002969-00002976 WE'RE NOT PROMOTING JUST GETTING RID OF MINNOWS, NIGHT CRAWLERS +z2VpGC7UklY-00038-00002976-00003139 WE'RE NOT PROMOTING JUST GETTING RID OF MINNOWS, NIGHT CRAWLERS OR LEECHES, BUT IF YOU WANT TO +z2VpGC7UklY-00039-00003139-00003146 RID OF MINNOWS, NIGHT CRAWLERS OR LEECHES, BUT IF YOU WANT TO +z2VpGC7UklY-00040-00003146-00003236 RID OF MINNOWS, NIGHT CRAWLERS OR LEECHES, BUT IF YOU WANT TO START GETTING INTO PLASTICS, A +z2VpGC7UklY-00041-00003236-00003243 OR LEECHES, BUT IF YOU WANT TO START GETTING INTO PLASTICS, A +z2VpGC7UklY-00042-00003243-00003359 OR LEECHES, BUT IF YOU WANT TO START GETTING INTO PLASTICS, A LOT OF OPTIONS OUT THERE. +z2VpGC7UklY-00043-00003359-00003366 START GETTING INTO PLASTICS, A LOT OF OPTIONS OUT THERE. +z2VpGC7UklY-00044-00003366-00003680 START GETTING INTO PLASTICS, A LOT OF OPTIONS OUT THERE. ONE OF THEM IS GULP, WHICH IS A +z2VpGC7UklY-00045-00003680-00003686 LOT OF OPTIONS OUT THERE. ONE OF THEM IS GULP, WHICH IS A +z2VpGC7UklY-00046-00003686-00003823 LOT OF OPTIONS OUT THERE. ONE OF THEM IS GULP, WHICH IS A PRODUCT ACTUALLY MADE OF REAL +z2VpGC7UklY-00047-00003823-00003830 ONE OF THEM IS GULP, WHICH IS A PRODUCT ACTUALLY MADE OF REAL +z2VpGC7UklY-00048-00003830-00003890 ONE OF THEM IS GULP, WHICH IS A PRODUCT ACTUALLY MADE OF REAL FISH PARTS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00049-00003890-00003897 PRODUCT ACTUALLY MADE OF REAL FISH PARTS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00050-00003897-00004023 PRODUCT ACTUALLY MADE OF REAL FISH PARTS. THIS IS IMITATION LEECH. +z2VpGC7UklY-00051-00004023-00004030 FISH PARTS. THIS IS IMITATION LEECH. +z2VpGC7UklY-00052-00004030-00004204 FISH PARTS. THIS IS IMITATION LEECH. THIS IS IMITATION MINNOW, AND WE +z2VpGC7UklY-00053-00004204-00004210 THIS IS IMITATION LEECH. THIS IS IMITATION MINNOW, AND WE +z2VpGC7UklY-00054-00004210-00004357 THIS IS IMITATION LEECH. THIS IS IMITATION MINNOW, AND WE PUT THIS STUFF ON YOUR HANDS, +z2VpGC7UklY-00055-00004357-00004364 THIS IS IMITATION MINNOW, AND WE PUT THIS STUFF ON YOUR HANDS, +z2VpGC7UklY-00056-00004364-00004521 THIS IS IMITATION MINNOW, AND WE PUT THIS STUFF ON YOUR HANDS, AND YOU SMELL LIKE AN IMITATION +z2VpGC7UklY-00057-00004521-00004527 PUT THIS STUFF ON YOUR HANDS, AND YOU SMELL LIKE AN IMITATION +z2VpGC7UklY-00058-00004527-00004611 PUT THIS STUFF ON YOUR HANDS, AND YOU SMELL LIKE AN IMITATION LEECH YOURSELF. +z2VpGC7UklY-00059-00004611-00004617 AND YOU SMELL LIKE AN IMITATION LEECH YOURSELF. +z2VpGC7UklY-00060-00004617-00004821 AND YOU SMELL LIKE AN IMITATION LEECH YOURSELF. BUT IT'S VERY POPULAR, MADE OF +z2VpGC7UklY-00061-00004821-00004828 LEECH YOURSELF. BUT IT'S VERY POPULAR, MADE OF +z2VpGC7UklY-00062-00004828-00005051 LEECH YOURSELF. BUT IT'S VERY POPULAR, MADE OF REAL FISH PARTS, BIODEGRADABLE, +z2VpGC7UklY-00063-00005051-00005058 BUT IT'S VERY POPULAR, MADE OF REAL FISH PARTS, BIODEGRADABLE, +z2VpGC7UklY-00064-00005058-00005385 BUT IT'S VERY POPULAR, MADE OF REAL FISH PARTS, BIODEGRADABLE, AND IT DOESN'T POLLUTE THE +z2VpGC7UklY-00065-00005385-00005392 REAL FISH PARTS, BIODEGRADABLE, AND IT DOESN'T POLLUTE THE +z2VpGC7UklY-00066-00005392-00005425 REAL FISH PARTS, BIODEGRADABLE, AND IT DOESN'T POLLUTE THE WATER. +z2VpGC7UklY-00067-00005425-00005432 AND IT DOESN'T POLLUTE THE WATER. +z2VpGC7UklY-00068-00005432-00005605 AND IT DOESN'T POLLUTE THE WATER. THERE IS ALSO A PRODUCT MADE FOR +z2VpGC7UklY-00069-00005605-00005612 WATER. THERE IS ALSO A PRODUCT MADE FOR +z2VpGC7UklY-00070-00005612-00005678 WATER. THERE IS ALSO A PRODUCT MADE FOR PANFISH. +z2VpGC7UklY-00071-00005678-00005685 THERE IS ALSO A PRODUCT MADE FOR PANFISH. +z2VpGC7UklY-00072-00005685-00005825 THERE IS ALSO A PRODUCT MADE FOR PANFISH. AND THEY'RE LITTLE NUGGETS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00073-00005825-00005832 PANFISH. AND THEY'RE LITTLE NUGGETS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00074-00005832-00005995 PANFISH. AND THEY'RE LITTLE NUGGETS. THEY ALSO ARE MADE OUT OF ACTUAL +z2VpGC7UklY-00075-00005995-00006002 AND THEY'RE LITTLE NUGGETS. THEY ALSO ARE MADE OUT OF ACTUAL +z2VpGC7UklY-00076-00006002-00006152 AND THEY'RE LITTLE NUGGETS. THEY ALSO ARE MADE OUT OF ACTUAL FISH PARTS, SO THEY WILL BIO +z2VpGC7UklY-00077-00006152-00006159 THEY ALSO ARE MADE OUT OF ACTUAL FISH PARTS, SO THEY WILL BIO +z2VpGC7UklY-00078-00006159-00006289 THEY ALSO ARE MADE OUT OF ACTUAL FISH PARTS, SO THEY WILL BIO DEGRADE IN THE LAKE AND THEY'RE +z2VpGC7UklY-00079-00006289-00006296 FISH PARTS, SO THEY WILL BIO DEGRADE IN THE LAKE AND THEY'RE +z2VpGC7UklY-00080-00006296-00006439 FISH PARTS, SO THEY WILL BIO DEGRADE IN THE LAKE AND THEY'RE NOT HARMFUL TO THE WATER, WHICH +z2VpGC7UklY-00081-00006439-00006446 DEGRADE IN THE LAKE AND THEY'RE NOT HARMFUL TO THE WATER, WHICH +z2VpGC7UklY-00082-00006446-00006556 DEGRADE IN THE LAKE AND THEY'RE NOT HARMFUL TO THE WATER, WHICH IS A REAL PLUS FOR THAT. +z2VpGC7UklY-00083-00006556-00006563 NOT HARMFUL TO THE WATER, WHICH IS A REAL PLUS FOR THAT. +z2VpGC7UklY-00084-00006563-00006706 NOT HARMFUL TO THE WATER, WHICH IS A REAL PLUS FOR THAT. AND THEN YOU CAN BUY THIS +z2VpGC7UklY-00085-00006706-00006713 IS A REAL PLUS FOR THAT. AND THEN YOU CAN BUY THIS +z2VpGC7UklY-00086-00006713-00006833 IS A REAL PLUS FOR THAT. AND THEN YOU CAN BUY THIS PRODUCT IN A VARIETY OF +z2VpGC7UklY-00087-00006833-00006840 AND THEN YOU CAN BUY THIS PRODUCT IN A VARIETY OF +z2VpGC7UklY-00088-00006840-00006973 AND THEN YOU CAN BUY THIS PRODUCT IN A VARIETY OF PACKAGES, A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT +z2VpGC7UklY-00089-00006973-00006980 PRODUCT IN A VARIETY OF PACKAGES, A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT +z2VpGC7UklY-00090-00006980-00007187 PRODUCT IN A VARIETY OF PACKAGES, A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT THINGS FOR BASS, FOR NORTHERNS, +z2VpGC7UklY-00091-00007187-00007193 PACKAGES, A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT THINGS FOR BASS, FOR NORTHERNS, +z2VpGC7UklY-00092-00007193-00007280 PACKAGES, A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT THINGS FOR BASS, FOR NORTHERNS, FOR WALLEYES. +z2VpGC7UklY-00093-00007280-00007287 THINGS FOR BASS, FOR NORTHERNS, FOR WALLEYES. +z2VpGC7UklY-00094-00007287-00007604 THINGS FOR BASS, FOR NORTHERNS, FOR WALLEYES. YOU CAN ALSO BUY SALTED FISH. +z2VpGC7UklY-00095-00007604-00007610 FOR WALLEYES. YOU CAN ALSO BUY SALTED FISH. +z2VpGC7UklY-00096-00007610-00007724 FOR WALLEYES. YOU CAN ALSO BUY SALTED FISH. THESE ARE REAL FISH. +z2VpGC7UklY-00097-00007724-00007731 YOU CAN ALSO BUY SALTED FISH. THESE ARE REAL FISH. +z2VpGC7UklY-00098-00007731-00007847 YOU CAN ALSO BUY SALTED FISH. THESE ARE REAL FISH. THESE ARE FAT HEADS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00099-00007847-00007854 THESE ARE REAL FISH. THESE ARE FAT HEADS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00100-00007854-00008168 THESE ARE REAL FISH. THESE ARE FAT HEADS. YOU CAN BUY THESE, AND INSTEAD +z2VpGC7UklY-00101-00008168-00008174 THESE ARE FAT HEADS. YOU CAN BUY THESE, AND INSTEAD +z2VpGC7UklY-00102-00008174-00008324 THESE ARE FAT HEADS. YOU CAN BUY THESE, AND INSTEAD OF GETTING THE LIVE ONES, IF YOU +z2VpGC7UklY-00103-00008324-00008331 YOU CAN BUY THESE, AND INSTEAD OF GETTING THE LIVE ONES, IF YOU +z2VpGC7UklY-00104-00008331-00008448 YOU CAN BUY THESE, AND INSTEAD OF GETTING THE LIVE ONES, IF YOU WANT TO DO THAT, AND YOU CAN +z2VpGC7UklY-00105-00008448-00008455 OF GETTING THE LIVE ONES, IF YOU WANT TO DO THAT, AND YOU CAN +z2VpGC7UklY-00106-00008455-00008541 OF GETTING THE LIVE ONES, IF YOU WANT TO DO THAT, AND YOU CAN ALSO BUY LITTLE KITS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00107-00008541-00008548 WANT TO DO THAT, AND YOU CAN ALSO BUY LITTLE KITS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00108-00008548-00008838 WANT TO DO THAT, AND YOU CAN ALSO BUY LITTLE KITS. THIS IS A LITTLE CRAPPY KIT. +z2VpGC7UklY-00109-00008838-00008845 ALSO BUY LITTLE KITS. THIS IS A LITTLE CRAPPY KIT. +z2VpGC7UklY-00110-00008845-00009028 ALSO BUY LITTLE KITS. THIS IS A LITTLE CRAPPY KIT. IF YOU'RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH WHAT +z2VpGC7UklY-00111-00009028-00009035 THIS IS A LITTLE CRAPPY KIT. IF YOU'RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH WHAT +z2VpGC7UklY-00112-00009035-00009692 THIS IS A LITTLE CRAPPY KIT. IF YOU'RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH WHAT TO USE, YOU CAN T COMES WITH THS +z2VpGC7UklY-00113-00009692-00009699 IF YOU'RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH WHAT TO USE, YOU CAN T COMES WITH THS +z2VpGC7UklY-00114-00009699-00009846 IF YOU'RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH WHAT TO USE, YOU CAN T COMES WITH THS AND IMITATION BATES, AND IT'S +z2VpGC7UklY-00115-00009846-00009853 TO USE, YOU CAN T COMES WITH THS AND IMITATION BATES, AND IT'S +z2VpGC7UklY-00116-00009853-00010116 TO USE, YOU CAN T COMES WITH THS AND IMITATION BATES, AND IT'S ALL YOU NEAT TO GET STARTED +z2VpGC7UklY-00117-00010116-00010123 AND IMITATION BATES, AND IT'S ALL YOU NEAT TO GET STARTED +z2VpGC7UklY-00118-00010123-00010223 AND IMITATION BATES, AND IT'S ALL YOU NEAT TO GET STARTED MANNED HE OO TO YOU. +z2VpGC7UklY-00119-00010223-00010230 ALL YOU NEAT TO GET STARTED MANNED HE OO TO YOU. +z2VpGC7UklY-00120-00010230-00010620 ALL YOU NEAT TO GET STARTED MANNED HE OO TO YOU. >> PLASTICS, PLASTICS, PLASTICS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00121-00010620-00010627 MANNED HE OO TO YOU. >> PLASTICS, PLASTICS, PLASTICS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00122-00010627-00010774 MANNED HE OO TO YOU. >> PLASTICS, PLASTICS, PLASTICS. MATCH THE HATCH. +z2VpGC7UklY-00123-00010774-00010780 >> PLASTICS, PLASTICS, PLASTICS. MATCH THE HATCH. +z2VpGC7UklY-00124-00010780-00011014 >> PLASTICS, PLASTICS, PLASTICS. MATCH THE HATCH. IF PERCH IS REALLY PREVALENT AND +z2VpGC7UklY-00125-00011014-00011021 MATCH THE HATCH. IF PERCH IS REALLY PREVALENT AND +z2VpGC7UklY-00126-00011021-00011277 MATCH THE HATCH. IF PERCH IS REALLY PREVALENT AND THAT'S WHAT THEY'RE FEEDING YOU, +z2VpGC7UklY-00127-00011277-00011284 IF PERCH IS REALLY PREVALENT AND THAT'S WHAT THEY'RE FEEDING YOU, +z2VpGC7UklY-00128-00011284-00012268 IF PERCH IS REALLY PREVALENT AND THAT'S WHAT THEY'RE FEEDING YOU, ON,YOU CAN GET PERCH COLORED BA. +z2VpGC7UklY-00129-00012268-00012275 THAT'S WHAT THEY'RE FEEDING YOU, ON,YOU CAN GET PERCH COLORED BA. +z2VpGC7UklY-00130-00012275-00012442 THAT'S WHAT THEY'RE FEEDING YOU, ON,YOU CAN GET PERCH COLORED BA. YOU CAN SEE ALL THESE DIFFERENT +z2VpGC7UklY-00131-00012442-00012449 ON,YOU CAN GET PERCH COLORED BA. YOU CAN SEE ALL THESE DIFFERENT +z2VpGC7UklY-00132-00012449-00012582 ON,YOU CAN GET PERCH COLORED BA. YOU CAN SEE ALL THESE DIFFERENT BAITS IN DIFFERENT COLORS, +z2VpGC7UklY-00133-00012582-00012589 YOU CAN SEE ALL THESE DIFFERENT BAITS IN DIFFERENT COLORS, +z2VpGC7UklY-00134-00012589-00012685 YOU CAN SEE ALL THESE DIFFERENT BAITS IN DIFFERENT COLORS, DIFFERENT STYLES. +z2VpGC7UklY-00135-00012685-00012692 BAITS IN DIFFERENT COLORS, DIFFERENT STYLES. +z2VpGC7UklY-00136-00012692-00012819 BAITS IN DIFFERENT COLORS, DIFFERENT STYLES. THEY ALL ACTUALLY KIND OF LOOK +z2VpGC7UklY-00137-00012819-00012826 DIFFERENT STYLES. THEY ALL ACTUALLY KIND OF LOOK +z2VpGC7UklY-00138-00012826-00013106 DIFFERENT STYLES. THEY ALL ACTUALLY KIND OF LOOK LIKE A CRAYFISH SO THERE ARE +z2VpGC7UklY-00139-00013106-00013113 THEY ALL ACTUALLY KIND OF LOOK LIKE A CRAYFISH SO THERE ARE +z2VpGC7UklY-00140-00013113-00013213 THEY ALL ACTUALLY KIND OF LOOK LIKE A CRAYFISH SO THERE ARE MULTIPLE DIFFERENT STYLES YOU +z2VpGC7UklY-00141-00013213-00013219 LIKE A CRAYFISH SO THERE ARE MULTIPLE DIFFERENT STYLES YOU +z2VpGC7UklY-00142-00013219-00013339 LIKE A CRAYFISH SO THERE ARE MULTIPLE DIFFERENT STYLES YOU CAN HAVE AND COVER WITH THEM. +z2VpGC7UklY-00143-00013339-00013346 MULTIPLE DIFFERENT STYLES YOU CAN HAVE AND COVER WITH THEM. +z2VpGC7UklY-00144-00013346-00013436 MULTIPLE DIFFERENT STYLES YOU CAN HAVE AND COVER WITH THEM. ANOTHER ONE, IF YOU DON'T LIKE +z2VpGC7UklY-00145-00013436-00013443 CAN HAVE AND COVER WITH THEM. ANOTHER ONE, IF YOU DON'T LIKE +z2VpGC7UklY-00146-00013443-00013580 CAN HAVE AND COVER WITH THEM. ANOTHER ONE, IF YOU DON'T LIKE TO HANDLE NIGHT CRAWLERS OR +z2VpGC7UklY-00147-00013580-00013586 ANOTHER ONE, IF YOU DON'T LIKE TO HANDLE NIGHT CRAWLERS OR +z2VpGC7UklY-00148-00013586-00013703 ANOTHER ONE, IF YOU DON'T LIKE TO HANDLE NIGHT CRAWLERS OR WORMS, THERE IS ALSO A PLASTIC +z2VpGC7UklY-00149-00013703-00013710 TO HANDLE NIGHT CRAWLERS OR WORMS, THERE IS ALSO A PLASTIC +z2VpGC7UklY-00150-00013710-00013800 TO HANDLE NIGHT CRAWLERS OR WORMS, THERE IS ALSO A PLASTIC VERSION OF THESE. +z2VpGC7UklY-00151-00013800-00013807 WORMS, THERE IS ALSO A PLASTIC VERSION OF THESE. +z2VpGC7UklY-00152-00013807-00013910 WORMS, THERE IS ALSO A PLASTIC VERSION OF THESE. THEY COME IN DIFFERENT COLORS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00153-00013910-00013917 VERSION OF THESE. THEY COME IN DIFFERENT COLORS. +z2VpGC7UklY-00154-00013917-00014033 VERSION OF THESE. THEY COME IN DIFFERENT COLORS. YOU CAN RIG THEM DIFFERENT WAYS, +z2VpGC7UklY-00155-00014033-00014040 THEY COME IN DIFFERENT COLORS. YOU CAN RIG THEM DIFFERENT WAYS, +z2VpGC7UklY-00156-00014040-00014200 THEY COME IN DIFFERENT COLORS. YOU CAN RIG THEM DIFFERENT WAYS, BUT THEY'RE GREAT OVERALL +z2VpGC7UklY-00157-00014200-00014207 YOU CAN RIG THEM DIFFERENT WAYS, BUT THEY'RE GREAT OVERALL +z2VpGC7UklY-00158-00014207-00014497 YOU CAN RIG THEM DIFFERENT WAYS, BUT THEY'RE GREAT OVERALL PLASTIC TO USE FOR MULTIPLE +z2VpGC7UklY-00159-00014497-00014504 BUT THEY'RE GREAT OVERALL PLASTIC TO USE FOR MULTIPLE +z2VpGC7UklY-00160-00014504-00014594 BUT THEY'RE GREAT OVERALL PLASTIC TO USE FOR MULTIPLE SPECIES. +z2VpGC7UklY-00161-00014594-00014601 PLASTIC TO USE FOR MULTIPLE SPECIES. +z2VpGC7UklY-00162-00014601-00014694 PLASTIC TO USE FOR MULTIPLE SPECIES. >> I'M RAY GILDOW WITH THE +z2VpGC7UklY-00163-00014694-00014701 SPECIES. >> I'M RAY GILDOW WITH THE +z2VpGC7UklY-00164-00014701-00014801 SPECIES. >> I'M RAY GILDOW WITH THE NISSWA GUIDES LEAGUE. +z2VpGC7UklY-00165-00014801-00014808 >> I'M RAY GILDOW WITH THE NISSWA GUIDES LEAGUE. +z2VpGC7UklY-00166-00014808-00014944 >> I'M RAY GILDOW WITH THE NISSWA GUIDES LEAGUE. >> AND I'M MANDY MANDY, THE +z2VpGC7UklY-00167-00014944-00014951 NISSWA GUIDES LEAGUE. >> AND I'M MANDY MANDY, THE +z2VpGC7UklY-00168-00014951-00015218 NISSWA GUIDES LEAGUE. >> AND I'M MANDY MANDY, THE BASSING BIOLOGIST. +z3z4g2c0srg-00000-00000046-00000323 Today’s video has been edited to resemble the comic variety show like the Treasure Island channel so don’t be surprised if Kyle seems different than his usual self! +z3z4g2c0srg-00001-00000323-00000506 You can see his back hair looks extremely heavy +z3z4g2c0srg-00002-00000506-00000806 His roots are actually located quite high +z3z4g2c0srg-00003-00000806-00001003 But if you look here, you can see his scar from his hair transplant +z3z4g2c0srg-00004-00001063-00001366 ‘Slick’ cuts are in these days! I’ll show you after +z3z4g2c0srg-00005-00001600-00001810 Hello Mr. Disgusting Hair (Donghyun Kim from Treasure Island) +z3z4g2c0srg-00006-00001810-00001930 How can you call me Mr. Disgusting Hair! +z3z4g2c0srg-00007-00001930-00002086 Wow but you’re seriously so ugly +z3z4g2c0srg-00008-00002086-00002186 (Feeling hurt) +z3z4g2c0srg-00009-00002186-00002386 I’m leaving - No, don’t go! +z3z4g2c0srg-00010-00002386-00002556 You workout but why don’t you get your hair done? +z3z4g2c0srg-00011-00002593-00002756 I’m not here to get scolded.. +z3z4g2c0srg-00012-00002756-00003123 You’re handsome but your hair is at its worst, what are you going to do?! - My hair? +z3z4g2c0srg-00013-00003123-00003343 I’m a patient here so you have to fix me! - Of course! +z3z4g2c0srg-00014-00003343-00003793 Do people know that you had a hair transplant? - Yes, of course! I did it with Hyunsuk Lee +z3z4g2c0srg-00015-00003793-00004086 It might be due to your transplant but your front hair curves to the side a lot +z3z4g2c0srg-00016-00004086-00004263 And your side hair looks very heavy +z3z4g2c0srg-00017-00004303-00004506 It’s not bad but it’s quite curly +z3z4g2c0srg-00018-00004543-00004720 No sideburns +z3z4g2c0srg-00019-00004720-00005060 His back hair roots are located quite high and if you see here on the inside +z3z4g2c0srg-00020-00005060-00005270 You can see his scar from his transplant +z3z4g2c0srg-00021-00005323-00005666 I have twin crowns - Twin crowns? +z3z4g2c0srg-00022-00005666-00005886 The hair at the bottom looks extremely heavy +z3z4g2c0srg-00023-00005886-00006266 Since Minsuk Kang and Hyunsuk Lee didn’t come with you today +z3z4g2c0srg-00024-00006266-00006406 I’ll make them regret it!! +z3z4g2c0srg-00025-00006456-00006606 :OOOO +z3z4g2c0srg-00026-00006606-00006859 I’m going to cut this off! - But I grew this part! +z3z4g2c0srg-00027-00006859-00007033 Nooooo!! +z3z4g2c0srg-00028-00007033-00007229 AHHH! - Please save me!! +z3z4g2c0srg-00029-00007229-00007436 (Angry cutting) +z3z4g2c0srg-00030-00007436-00007646 ‘Slick’ cuts are pretty in these days +z3z4g2c0srg-00031-00007686-00007876 It really hasn’t been that long since it got trendy +z3z4g2c0srg-00032-00007876-00008190 How does it look? - I’ll show you after +z3z4g2c0srg-00033-00008229-00008726 Are there any celebrities who have done slick cuts? - Oh yes +z3z4g2c0srg-00034-00008726-00008833 Who is it? +z3z4g2c0srg-00035-00008833-00008929 Cha Eunwoo +z3z4g2c0srg-00036-00009120-00009600 If you comb your hair straight, it looks fine +z3z4g2c0srg-00037-00009629-00009926 But if your hair gets blown away towards the back, you can see how empty it looks +z3z4g2c0srg-00038-00009970-00010293 So we have to bring it towards the front so that it looks longer +z3z4g2c0srg-00039-00010293-00010513 It’s important to make the hair shape this way +z3z4g2c0srg-00040-00010513-00010833 As I’m behind you… I’m going to destroy everything!!! +z3z4g2c0srg-00041-00010833-00011009 I’ve never seen anyone so aggressive +z3z4g2c0srg-00042-00011009-00011153 What is this line? +z3z4g2c0srg-00043-00011153-00011409 I don’t know, I’m doing it by how it feels (he’s actually doing it properly) - You don’t know?? +z3z4g2c0srg-00044-00011456-00011833 After like 5 minutes, you’re not going to say “let’s shave it all off”, right? +z3z4g2c0srg-00045-00011833-00012033 - 5 minutes later - +z3z4g2c0srg-00046-00012076-00012333 He has a tail and a swirl together +z3z4g2c0srg-00047-00012333-00012586 Noooo my tail :( +z3z4g2c0srg-00048-00012586-00012833 Goodbye tail, it was fun +z3z4g2c0srg-00049-00012833-00013106 Gradation~ - This is a gradation! +z3z4g2c0srg-00050-00013106-00013383 A knife? - I’m going to rip your hair off with this knife +z3z4g2c0srg-00051-00013406-00013513 Stay still +z3z4g2c0srg-00052-00013513-00013686 The benefits of using a knife +z3z4g2c0srg-00053-00013730-00014040 Scissors show the sections through an open/close type of action +z3z4g2c0srg-00054-00014040-00014536 Since knives use the sharp ends, it creates the hair ends to look sharper +z3z4g2c0srg-00055-00014536-00014890 TLDR; knife is better at making the hair texture look sharper +z3z4g2c0srg-00056-00014890-00015353 Lower gradation to make a short neck look longer +z3z4g2c0srg-00057-00015353-00015650 Shaping at the end is done by lining it up from the neckline +z3z4g2c0srg-00058-00015650-00015863 This is the neckline that makes you look handsome +z3z4g2c0srg-00059-00016053-00016173 Oooo +z3z4g2c0srg-00060-00016193-00016353 It’s super smooth! - It’s nice, ya? +z3z4g2c0srg-00061-00017483-00017930 With correction and volume magic, I’ll create this into a trendy hairstyle +z3z4g2c0srg-00062-00017930-00018590 I’m going to correct his curly hair down to its roots so he can go about with ease +z3z4g2c0srg-00063-00018590-00018743 Look at this, do you think this is straight? +z3z4g2c0srg-00064-00018823-00019063 Look at this! Is this straight?? +z3z4g2c0srg-00065-00019063-00019190 No, it’s not! +z3z4g2c0srg-00066-00019243-00019663 We’ll correct the roots and add volume +z3z4g2c0srg-00067-00019740-00020526 People with hair transplants have really sturdy hair that’s typically from the hair at the back which makes it harder to control +z3z4g2c0srg-00068-00020526-00020803 You can just think of it as the back hair being at the front +z3z4g2c0srg-00069-00020823-00021263 Since his roots are not the same +z3z4g2c0srg-00070-00021296-00021619 We’ll need to correct his roots as we’re doing volume magic on his hair +z3z4g2c0srg-00071-00021643-00021913 Look at his hair curving at the front +z3z4g2c0srg-00072-00022293-00022756 First, we corrected his roots, then pressed his hair which is why his hair is straight and shiny! +z3z4g2c0srg-00073-00022756-00022956 That means we’re all done then +z3z4g2c0srg-00074-00022956-00023419 This is a chemical! - My hair is melting!! +z3z4g2c0srg-00075-00023419-00023666 It went inside my mouth T_T - It’s good, right? +z3z4g2c0srg-00076-00023666-00023783 It should taste like bananas +z3z4g2c0srg-00077-00023783-00023883 (Nom nom) +z3z4g2c0srg-00078-00023883-00024036 I think it’s bitter T_T (Do not try this at home) +z3z4g2c0srg-00079-00024059-00024456 Comb through the hair so that the roots can absorb the chemicals +z3z4g2c0srg-00080-00024456-00024909 From here, just drop the sides that you need +z3z4g2c0srg-00081-00024996-00025403 Part it accordingly so that he would be able to style his hair on his own +z3z4g2c0srg-00082-00025480-00025726 Hey Donghyun, we’re almost done! +z3z4g2c0srg-00083-00025800-00025983 Isn’t this too close? +z3z4g2c0srg-00084-00025983-00026223 This is the best angle when you’re getting your hair done +z3z4g2c0srg-00085-00026283-00026560 Proceeding with the cut after drying his hair +z3z4g2c0srg-00086-00026956-00027080 That’s so fascinating +z3z4g2c0srg-00087-00027293-00027456 He’s an alchemist +z3z4g2c0srg-00088-00027619-00027860 Even someone like me can turn out like this! +z3z4g2c0srg-00089-00027993-00028193 Finalizing the texture! +z3z4g2c0srg-00090-00028316-00028750 This is making your texture look strong! +z3z4g2c0srg-00091-00028806-00029086 This is really one of the most trendy hairstyles +z3z4g2c0srg-00092-00029119-00029339 It’s rough and bold! +z3z4g2c0srg-00093-00029380-00029800 This is the ‘Slick’ style that’s in these days +z3z4g2c0srg-00094-00031230-00031393 Who are you?! +z3z4g2c0srg-00095-00031503-00031689 Were you always this person?! +z3z4g2c0srg-00096-00031689-00031930 Are you watching, Minsuk and Hyunsuk?? +z3z4g2c0srg-00097-00031930-00032089 Hahahahaha +z3z4g2c0srg-00098-00032089-00032306 I’m sure you’re regretting not coming here today! +z3z4g2c0srg-00099-00032306-00032560 Even if you came, you guys can’t be like me! -That’s right +z3z4g2c0srg-00100-00032560-00032760 You gotta have strong visuals to begin with! +z3z4g2c0srg-00101-00032760-00032863 (Snorts) +z3z4g2c0srg-00102-00032963-00033150 Why- why are you laughing?! +z3z4g2c0srg-00103-00033226-00033776 Hyunsuk, you can’t even do anything! You don’t have hair! - Yeah, you baldie! +z3z4g2c0srg-00104-00033850-00034050 You’d only bleed! +z3z4g2c0srg-00105-00034166-00034380 Hope to see the 3 of them next time! Bye! +z4emtdn0rGQ-00000-00000059-00000982 rise and shine guys it is what day is it it's Wednesday it is Wednesday and I am parked +z4emtdn0rGQ-00001-00000982-00001743 here outside my gym located inside like my apartment complex drinking my pre-workout +z4emtdn0rGQ-00002-00001743-00002473 so today I'm gonna be doing the Vlog you guys are gonna come with me to work and we're gonna +z4emtdn0rGQ-00003-00002473-00003096 have a blast that's what we're gonna do today but before that I wanted to share with you +z4emtdn0rGQ-00004-00003096-00004237 guys it is my last few days here working in a Fort Myers Naples TV station I my last day +z4emtdn0rGQ-00005-00004237-00005132 is actually Friday I ended up reciting and I'm moving back home and you know after that +z4emtdn0rGQ-00006-00005132-00005898 mixed feelings about it but I'm actually pretty freaking excited and really happy to be back +z4emtdn0rGQ-00007-00005898-00006465 home literally I feel like there's gonna be like a weight lifted off of me and and yeah +z4emtdn0rGQ-00008-00006465-00007248 like I'm so excited but I figured before I leave let me take you guys with me on a day +z4emtdn0rGQ-00009-00007248-00007818 on the job and give you guys like a little kind of like a different site a perspective +z4emtdn0rGQ-00010-00007818-00008446 into the job because the last time I did one of these it was in Georgia and I was an MJ +z4emtdn0rGQ-00011-00008446-00009215 I can't talk it's too early in the morning for me I was an MMG by myself in the streets +z4emtdn0rGQ-00012-00009215-00009589 but now I have a photographer I don't always get them but most of the time I do right now +z4emtdn0rGQ-00013-00009589-00010309 I'm gonna drink my pre-workout and get some exercise in to wake up because I need it +z4emtdn0rGQ-00014-00010309-00010409 [Music] +z4emtdn0rGQ-00015-00010409-00010509 [Music] +z4emtdn0rGQ-00016-00010509-00011042 this is today's a bit I'm giving it comfortable Barbie vibes +z4emtdn0rGQ-00017-00011042-00013936 have some breakfast and then hit the road got my little baby down there oh goodness +z4emtdn0rGQ-00018-00013936-00015574 hey buddy are you sad are you sure I'm leaving to work +z4emtdn0rGQ-00019-00015574-00016341 all right so we are in my office and I'm whispering because people outside so this is a look of +z4emtdn0rGQ-00020-00016341-00016906 my little homeworks theme I'm currently getting ready for my day I already put my face on +z4emtdn0rGQ-00021-00016906-00017525 because I have two live shots today at four and a five and now I'm gonna hit the road +z4emtdn0rGQ-00022-00017525-00017698 because I have to grab some video of a console meaning that they don't make it online so +z4emtdn0rGQ-00023-00017698-00018004 I gotta go do that so then I can play it back and start working on my story and and yeah +z4emtdn0rGQ-00024-00018004-00019128 this is a little quick tour of my little workspace at the bureau because I'm a bureau reporter +z4emtdn0rGQ-00025-00019128-00019876 we do live shots sometimes here pretty neat it looks really cool on here if I have like +z4emtdn0rGQ-00026-00019876-00020275 a little clip like show you guys +z4emtdn0rGQ-00027-00020275-00021429 this is what I got right now uh hit the road all right we are in the car I'm on my way +z4emtdn0rGQ-00028-00021429-00021970 to Naples because right now I'm in Bonita Springs so it's like a 30 minute drive and +z4emtdn0rGQ-00029-00021970-00022529 I'm gonna go to city council got the video that I need and work out of my car and see +z4emtdn0rGQ-00030-00022529-00023292 what else I do for this story um but yeah that is my plan for now and this was a daily +z4emtdn0rGQ-00031-00023292-00023392 life +z4emtdn0rGQ-00032-00023392-00024373 sometimes you have no idea what's next you just go with the flow but it would all work +z4emtdn0rGQ-00033-00024373-00024797 out at the end so that's what matters +z4emtdn0rGQ-00034-00024797-00025888 good news we got the video I am editing this is my work office outside of City Hall I did +z4emtdn0rGQ-00035-00025888-00026828 have a photographer today but he went to get lunch having two computers is extremely important +z4emtdn0rGQ-00036-00026828-00027120 because you can multitask +z4emtdn0rGQ-00037-00027120-00027750 you should have brought you guys Along on a more eventful day today today's low it's +z4emtdn0rGQ-00038-00027750-00028277 easy day but it's a slow day a little bit more obviously honestly like if I had a hectic +z4emtdn0rGQ-00039-00028277-00029280 day I wouldn't be able to film so easy days it is right now it's 2 13 I have my scripts +z4emtdn0rGQ-00040-00029280-00029855 drafted but they are not ready yet I'm turning the camera around +z4emtdn0rGQ-00041-00029855-00030873 so I have my four drafted somewhere here and I have my 555 drafted somewhere there I'm +z4emtdn0rGQ-00042-00030873-00031394 still listening to the meetings and cutting as I go along and hopefully I'll be done soon +z4emtdn0rGQ-00043-00031394-00032516 so I can send the script for approval guys as soon as I said easy day I got called to +z4emtdn0rGQ-00044-00032516-00033169 breaking news Marco Island Police Department investigating well there's a police investigation +z4emtdn0rGQ-00045-00033169-00033911 all right now we gotta head that way so so yeah honestly I'm really excited this is like +z4emtdn0rGQ-00046-00033911-00034666 my last breaking news ever well not ever can never say ever can never say never just for +z4emtdn0rGQ-00047-00034666-00035335 now it's my last one they're great it's a little exciting but the live breaking news +z4emtdn0rGQ-00048-00035335-00035774 could be exciting it could be a pain in the booty but it could be exciting as well um +z4emtdn0rGQ-00049-00035774-00036453 I think this was just like a suspicious package I better something dumb once I get there but +z4emtdn0rGQ-00050-00036453-00036774 I guess we'll figure it out once we get there um and yeah I have my earphones on because +z4emtdn0rGQ-00051-00036774-00037309 your girl is still editing her other story that I might recycle and do tomorrow as you +z4emtdn0rGQ-00052-00037309-00038041 guys can see there is a crime scene tape it's just reports of a suspicious package and there +z4emtdn0rGQ-00053-00038041-00038803 is Bomb Squad and all that good stuff over there staging that's my photographer's car +z4emtdn0rGQ-00054-00038803-00039472 I just did a live shot now at three Marco Island in the area of South Heathwood drive +z4emtdn0rGQ-00055-00039472-00039911 and Mistletoe Court Wing news reporter Jennifer morejon is there live Jennifer what are you +z4emtdn0rGQ-00056-00039911-00040206 seeing right now +z4emtdn0rGQ-00057-00040206-00040597 yeah as you guys can see behind muja Marco Police Department they're blocking off right +z4emtdn0rGQ-00058-00040597-00041355 now is 312 so I'm gonna get ready for the 4 P.M show for another live shot and yeah +z4emtdn0rGQ-00059-00041355-00041941 so I'm gonna write something up because that was a little not nerve breaking but that was +z4emtdn0rGQ-00060-00041941-00042585 a little bit of a lot I haven't done like crazy breaking news live shot in a long time +z4emtdn0rGQ-00061-00042585-00043577 so so yeah I'm gonna put a little script together and and yeah well this investigation is still +z4emtdn0rGQ-00062-00043577-00044082 very much active you can still see the area blocked off because I'm Sweating Bullets another +z4emtdn0rGQ-00063-00044082-00045108 live hit 345 so hot it's literally so hot out here what a way to kind of wrap up my +z4emtdn0rGQ-00064-00045108-00045639 last few days here I'm gonna miss breaking news I feel like I never actually got it here +z4emtdn0rGQ-00065-00045639-00046302 and I never got it never happened really like on my shift but I'm gonna miss it because +z4emtdn0rGQ-00066-00046302-00046584 this has been fun a day I love breaking news honestly honestly I think I like breaking +z4emtdn0rGQ-00067-00046584-00047199 news better than like day turn stories sometimes I like the return stories but breaking news +z4emtdn0rGQ-00068-00047199-00047859 a fast-paced the had living quick on camera running back and forth I've literally been +z4emtdn0rGQ-00069-00047859-00047959 running back and forth like a maniac the police like I think like stopping traffic coming +z4emtdn0rGQ-00070-00047959-00048887 through has probably been like what is wrong with this lady because I have been running +z4emtdn0rGQ-00071-00048887-00049656 this heat like a maniac back and forth Good Times +z4emtdn0rGQ-00072-00049656-00050427 reporter Pro tip especially if you work in a very hot area carry a drive shampoo with +z4emtdn0rGQ-00073-00050427-00051091 you and obviously a hairbrush and I might as well put some perfume markers yeah I smell +z4emtdn0rGQ-00074-00051091-00051837 good but I'll put some cologne on this clone has been in there since 1900s I've had that +z4emtdn0rGQ-00075-00051837-00052480 upper room for so long already smells like alcohol you know how perfume it smells like +z4emtdn0rGQ-00076-00052480-00052883 when it gets old kind of like rubbing alcohol yeah that's kind of probably what it smells +z4emtdn0rGQ-00077-00052883-00053542 like I'm kidding it smells really good all right we're gonna brush his hair for my last +z4emtdn0rGQ-00078-00053542-00053788 live shot 5 P.M +z4emtdn0rGQ-00079-00053788-00055444 how funny today ended up being exciting with you guys these are like my oily areas so this +z4emtdn0rGQ-00080-00055444-00056342 is the area that I'm gonna put some of this +z4emtdn0rGQ-00081-00056342-00057872 my four poor photographer has been out in the sun time poor guy +z4emtdn0rGQ-00082-00057872-00059116 look at the difference in the hair guys +z4emtdn0rGQ-00083-00059116-00060029 carry this carry white bees carry it off be prepared always be prepared if there's one +z4emtdn0rGQ-00084-00060029-00060652 thing I can tell you guys is we prepare to have everything in your bag that's why I carry +z4emtdn0rGQ-00085-00060652-00061266 a ginormous bag with everything that I need vlogging this camera I'm always looking to +z4emtdn0rGQ-00086-00061266-00062045 like the viewfinder I'm looking at myself and not at you guys but straight to you guys +z4emtdn0rGQ-00087-00062045-00062770 all right let me show you guys this hot mess I got going on +z4emtdn0rGQ-00088-00062770-00063423 this is my big bag with everything and +z4emtdn0rGQ-00089-00063423-00063948 see there's still a scene out here +z4emtdn0rGQ-00090-00063948-00064500 and over there we have our competition +z4emtdn0rGQ-00091-00064500-00065067 all right what time is it it is 4 35. +z4emtdn0rGQ-00092-00065067-00065926 so I'm gonna kill some time here in the air before getting down +z4emtdn0rGQ-00093-00065926-00066433 a little video for the memories oh you'll miss me I win I was now Marco Island police +z4emtdn0rGQ-00094-00066433-00066856 and fire rescue are actually clearing up the scene right now they announced a suspicious +z4emtdn0rGQ-00095-00066856-00067382 package was two packages with shoes inside all right it is 5 17. +z4emtdn0rGQ-00096-00067382-00067974 I am on my way finally back to the office out of Marco Island I'm pretty much putting +z4emtdn0rGQ-00097-00067974-00068689 myself in my bag but you know cars I already got two office and it's thundering I'm gonna +z4emtdn0rGQ-00098-00068689-00069458 take all Zumba before it starts raining +z4emtdn0rGQ-00099-00069458-00070779 I'm gonna clock out like my stuff in clock out an early time to go home it is like 6 +z4emtdn0rGQ-00100-00070779-00070879 30. +z4emtdn0rGQ-00101-00070879-00072065 and I have a headache [Music] I'm so tired it's hot and I got a text that some buildings +z4emtdn0rGQ-00102-00072065-00073132 don't have electricity in my apartment complex and I think one of them is mine because I +z4emtdn0rGQ-00103-00073132-00073688 try to look at the camera to see what zimbal is doing and if it wasn't connected so I'm +z4emtdn0rGQ-00104-00073688-00074516 thinking I have no electricity oh nice how fun right good news we have electricity all +z4emtdn0rGQ-00105-00074516-00075213 right guys I just got home I'm gonna take zimba out on his walk and that is pretty much +z4emtdn0rGQ-00106-00075213-00075873 for my work day I really didn't go into details about everything that is expected of me because +z4emtdn0rGQ-00107-00075873-00076856 it's just a lot of stuff another way to explain it but like yeah I hope I gave you a quick +z4emtdn0rGQ-00108-00076856-00077444 little insight oh my God I'm coming I'm coming I'm sorry I hope I give you guys uh gave you +z4emtdn0rGQ-00109-00077444-00077800 guys some quick insight and yeah until next time bye +z4emtdn0rGQ-00110-00077800-00077900 [Music] +z4emtdn0rGQ-00111-00077900-00078000 [Music] +z4emtdn0rGQ-00112-00078000-00078000 thank you +z4SQoKM5jg0-00000-00000469-00001092 South East Asia of Change (SOC) 2014 +z4SQoKM5jg0-00001-00001338-00001481 We'll play a game together +z4SQoKM5jg0-00002-00001481-00001662 The rules are very simple: +z4SQoKM5jg0-00003-00001662-00001961 tell me whatever you think of in 10 seconds +z4SQoKM5jg0-00004-00001973-00002103 Anything will be fine. +z4SQoKM5jg0-00005-00002103-00002300 Your answers will be right +z4SQoKM5jg0-00006-00002300-00002501 Let's find out your answers +z4SQoKM5jg0-00007-00002501-00002633 Whatever that pops up in your head +z4SQoKM5jg0-00008-00002633-00002793 No right or wrong now. +z4SQoKM5jg0-00009-00002793-00002897 Just keep saying +z4SQoKM5jg0-00010-00002897-00002996 Say anything +z4SQoKM5jg0-00011-00002996-00003102 Let's get ready +z4SQoKM5jg0-00012-00003102-00003244 Join us to play this game! +z4SQoKM5jg0-00013-00003244-00003387 1. No standard answer. Ready? +z4SQoKM5jg0-00014-00003387-00003561 2. The more the better. 3, 2, 1...GO! +z4SQoKM5jg0-00015-00003756-00003856 an outdoor stage +z4SQoKM5jg0-00016-00003856-00003934 a door +z4SQoKM5jg0-00017-00003934-00004033 a robot +z4SQoKM5jg0-00018-00004033-00004121 a conference room +z4SQoKM5jg0-00019-00004121-00004194 weight-lifting +z4SQoKM5jg0-00020-00004194-00004267 a badge +z4SQoKM5jg0-00021-00004267-00004385 Eh...what? +z4SQoKM5jg0-00022-00004385-00004718 a rectangular with length 5 to 7 cm +z4SQoKM5jg0-00023-00004718-00004808 a pulley +z4SQoKM5jg0-00024-00004808-00004893 an awkward emoji +z4SQoKM5jg0-00025-00004893-00004967 a steamed bun +z4SQoKM5jg0-00026-00004967-00005078 a person without body +z4SQoKM5jg0-00027-00005078-00005377 the outlines are in 0.5mm line width +z4SQoKM5jg0-00028-00005377-00005467 a court +z4SQoKM5jg0-00029-00005467-00005607 There are two sides +z4SQoKM5jg0-00030-00005607-00005752 a criminal and a prosecutor +z4SQoKM5jg0-00031-00005752-00005917 in front of them is the judge +z4SQoKM5jg0-00032-00005917-00006211 a person doing push-ups +z4SQoKM5jg0-00033-00006216-00006473 it looks like a dog's legs +z4SQoKM5jg0-00034-00006473-00006576 building blocks +z4SQoKM5jg0-00035-00006576-00006729 a bullettin board +z4SQoKM5jg0-00036-00006739-00006864 a seat cover for toilet +z4SQoKM5jg0-00037-00006866-00007057 an egg floating in the air +z4SQoKM5jg0-00038-00007058-00007264 a traditional Chinese mansion +z4SQoKM5jg0-00039-00007264-00007442 the patio is in the front. +z4SQoKM5jg0-00040-00007448-00007560 Good job! +z4SQoKM5jg0-00041-00007564-00007695 Next, we will play it again with the same rules +z4SQoKM5jg0-00042-00007695-00007856 Three, two, GO +z4SQoKM5jg0-00043-00008120-00008208 a conference hall +z4SQoKM5jg0-00044-00008208-00008299 a boomerang +z4SQoKM5jg0-00045-00008299-00008454 the moon and the sun +z4SQoKM5jg0-00046-00008459-00008596 prop the horizontal bar +z4SQoKM5jg0-00047-00008598-00008701 letter "Y" +z4SQoKM5jg0-00048-00008709-00008850 a person with two horns +z4SQoKM5jg0-00049-00008861-00008996 skate shoes +z4SQoKM5jg0-00050-00008998-00009110 ice cream +z4SQoKM5jg0-00051-00009113-00009211 sausage +z4SQoKM5jg0-00052-00009211-00009330 two hot dogs on buns +z4SQoKM5jg0-00053-00009337-00009532 a banana and an egg +z4SQoKM5jg0-00054-00009536-00009669 a banana; a fruit +z4SQoKM5jg0-00055-00009672-00009789 Definetely a banana +z4SQoKM5jg0-00056-00009793-00010054 Maybe I am hungry? I have no idea +z4SQoKM5jg0-00057-00010164-00010290 a telephone receiver +z4SQoKM5jg0-00058-00010290-00010476 a pimple; a mole; a slingshot +z4SQoKM5jg0-00059-00010476-00010578 a kind of snack +z4SQoKM5jg0-00060-00010578-00010761 a cradle +z4SQoKM5jg0-00061-00010761-00011022 the seat cover of a toilet +z4SQoKM5jg0-00062-00011022-00011116 UFO +z4SQoKM5jg0-00063-00011119-00011244 a pacifier +z4SQoKM5jg0-00064-00011244-00011376 Someone doing a hand-stand +z4SQoKM5jg0-00065-00011379-00011499 a telephone set +z4SQoKM5jg0-00066-00011502-00011691 It looks like a pig +z4SQoKM5jg0-00067-00011691-00011822 slap others in the face +z4SQoKM5jg0-00068-00011822-00011897 huh? +z4SQoKM5jg0-00069-00011908-00012127 How do you call that? A hairband! +z4SQoKM5jg0-00070-00012153-00012421 There is a mole below the mouth +z4SQoKM5jg0-00071-00012435-00012753 a clown's mouth, and his nose came off +z4SQoKM5jg0-00072-00012767-00013137 The principle of the lever. Nonsense. A bowl +z4SQoKM5jg0-00073-00013137-00013243 a skateboard +z4SQoKM5jg0-00074-00013244-00013320 a smile +z4SQoKM5jg0-00075-00013321-00013416 a smile; a sad face +z4SQoKM5jg0-00076-00013416-00013490 a smily face +z4SQoKM5jg0-00077-00013490-00013584 a smily face +z4SQoKM5jg0-00078-00013584-00013911 A smile, a smile, a smile... +z4SQoKM5jg0-00079-00013922-00014236 Imagination is my superpower! +z4SQoKM5jg0-00080-00014292-00014397 period +z4SQoKM5jg0-00081-00014802-00015102 正體中文翻譯志工：Kayla 盧奕安 校對：Kate 許芯瑋 更多 DFC 故事請至：www.dfctaiwan.org +z4SQoKM5jg0-00082-00015168-00015612 Imagination from the Heart +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00002-00001878-00002160 Hello my friends +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00003-00002162-00002604 Today I will change gear oil for the car +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00005-00002654-00003094 We use this oil +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00006-00003094-00003411 And we bring these things +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00008-00003534-00004090 Oil Tank Stopper Screwdriver +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00011-00004300-00004740 We isolate the electrodes from the battery +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00013-00005390-00005808 Type of car Hyundai Elantra 2011 +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00016-00006058-00006504 I will open the tank +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00017-00006908-00007320 Open the oil tank stopper +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00020-00008762-00009066 After removing gear oil from the tank +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00022-00009116-00009460 We use a tank sealer +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00038-00014302-00014890 We fasten the tank screw +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00041-00015290-00016086 I will add the oil and check it using the oil scale +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00044-00016528-00016856 This is an oil gauge +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00049-00017938-00018238 This is the first +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00062-00021816-00022060 This is the second +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00074-00024840-00025376 I emptied two liters of hydraulic oil +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00077-00025632-00026022 We check the oil measurement +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00078-00026256-00026394 The measurement is correct +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00079-00026454-00026838 Gear oil takes two liters +z5tVJJgM9hQ-00080-00026886-00027027 good bye +zqn8JeQHAKA-00000-00000579-00001217 John: All throughout high school, and pretty much before that my +zqn8JeQHAKA-00001-00001217-00001362 whole life I'd been doing acting. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00002-00001432-00001697 Started on stage, I was doing a lot of musicals. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00003-00001697-00001814 I was doing a lot of plays. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00004-00001823-00002315 My friend, he is a film director and I kind of got in with him and +zqn8JeQHAKA-00005-00002315-00002557 started working on acting in film. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00006-00002599-00002998 He introduced me to a lot, but I never had the experience behind +zqn8JeQHAKA-00007-00002998-00003112 the camera that I really wanted. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00008-00003130-00003658 I went to school for Business and after about a year of being pretty depressed and +zqn8JeQHAKA-00009-00003658-00004090 not really enjoying what I was going to be learning, what I was doing, I decided to +zqn8JeQHAKA-00010-00004090-00004306 switch my major to Media and Information. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00011-00004380-00004837 From there I found a passion for filming, for audio, for recording, all of that. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00012-00004885-00005405 I am very enthusiastic about my future and I'm a very positive person. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00013-00005444-00005868 I have ambition to work in the film industry, I have ambition to work +zqn8JeQHAKA-00014-00005868-00006284 in the music industry, and I also have ambition to be in business. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00015-00006308-00006980 So right now being 21, I'm trying to kind of maximize my skills and learning +zqn8JeQHAKA-00016-00006980-00007370 abilities, so that by the time I know what I want to do when I'm a little bit older, +zqn8JeQHAKA-00017-00007422-00007722 I think I'll have it all planned out. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00018-00007722-00007828 I'm into a lot of things. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00019-00007828-00007975 I like golfing with my buddies. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00020-00007988-00008218 I like cars, cars are really cool. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00021-00008218-00008350 I really like guitars. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00022-00008353-00008587 I like music, all types of music. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00023-00008587-00008644 I like rap. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00024-00008644-00008713 I like rock. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00025-00008713-00008780 I like grunge. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00026-00008782-00008851 I like punk. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00027-00008920-00009205 I like Naruto a lot, Naruto is really cool. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00028-00009214-00009436 I like skating, skateboarding is really sick. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00029-00009460-00009839 My favorite team is probably Deathwish, I love, they just +zqn8JeQHAKA-00030-00009841-00010038 shred so hard, like, it's insane. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00031-00010162-00010275 Follow your dreams. +zqn8JeQHAKA-00032-00010311-00010395 It's important. +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00000-00000520-00001024 in this special episode of Xylus and Dexter our heroes take a break from their exciting +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00001-00001024-00002088 adventures to read a letter from a fan wow that was bad it a bird it's a plant it's a flaming +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00002-00002088-00002832 piece of shitz i'm sorry to see this but it just isn't funny +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00003-00002936-00004104 it's pissed me off so much at how short it is wtf was that i mean common is there a single drop of +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00004-00004104-00004968 cama deck genius in you that was pathadic too short meant for elementry kids +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00005-00005064-00005904 did you make this yourself little boy be proud of garbage that you could be made in two minutes +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00006-00006032-00006688 the only thing that stooped me from giving you a zero was the graphics +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00007-00006688-00007608 weren't half bad and the guy who talked at the end was cool signed wretchmywolternity +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00008-00008368-00009056 tom where are you what is this crap hey dexter what can i do for you ow dexter you told me this +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00009-00009056-00009528 is going to be successful series oh what are you talking about do you hear what the [__] +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00010-00009528-00010112 they said is this what these [__] think of what we were doing you said this was a sure thing what +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00011-00010112-00010528 kind of [__] is this if you don't fix this i'm going to stuff your head up your [__] and shove +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00012-00010528-00011152 you down the toilet join us next time as xylus and dexter's regularly scheduled adventures continue +zyoRXcsE0Mu-00013-00011208-00012264 in the next exciting episode of the adventures of Xylus and dexter i'll be in my trailer +zzmBL1rSkVU-00000-00000038-00000409 To desire the Holy Spirit is to desire to follow after the heart of God. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00001-00000409-00000911 I am sure by now we have all had some knowledge and understanding to the effect that nobody +zzmBL1rSkVU-00002-00000911-00001672 uses the Holy Spirit for their selfish interests, but on the contrary, He leads us deeper into +zzmBL1rSkVU-00003-00001672-00002164 the heart of the Father and His purposes for our lives if we submit to Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00004-00002164-00002872 The heart of the Father is truth and if we pursue it long enough by simply submitting +zzmBL1rSkVU-00005-00002872-00003370 to the leading of the Spirit of God, we will find that we have always been on the road +zzmBL1rSkVU-00006-00003370-00003699 to our destiny all along. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00007-00003699-00004245 This is what Jesus says about the ministry of the Holy Spirit in John 16:13, "However, +zzmBL1rSkVU-00008-00004245-00004878 when He, the Spirit of truth, has come, He will guide you into all truth; for He will +zzmBL1rSkVU-00009-00004878-00005399 not speak on His own authority, but whatever He hears He will speak; and He will tell you +zzmBL1rSkVU-00010-00005399-00005671 things to come." +zzmBL1rSkVU-00011-00005671-00006322 The Holy Spirit is God in our hearts and spirits, and we cannot claim to belong to the family +zzmBL1rSkVU-00012-00006322-00006692 of God if we do not have Him in our hearts. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00013-00006692-00007452 Otherwise, how else would God chasten us to become Christlike and lead us into our destiny +zzmBL1rSkVU-00014-00007452-00007684 and His purposes and plans for our lives? +zzmBL1rSkVU-00015-00007684-00008488 The Apostle Paul says in Romans 8:9, "But you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, +zzmBL1rSkVU-00016-00008488-00008904 if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00017-00008904-00009731 Now if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he is not His." +zzmBL1rSkVU-00018-00009731-00010277 So we can safely say that one of the proofs of being born again is if the Holy Spirit +zzmBL1rSkVU-00019-00010277-00010999 is the Lord of our lives, because He is the Spirit of Christ and what He hears Jesus say +zzmBL1rSkVU-00020-00010999-00011249 is what He tells us. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00021-00011249-00011617 But it is not enough to just have the Holy Spirit. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00022-00011617-00012089 The Holy Spirit is not supposed to just sit inside your spirit doing nothing. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00023-00012089-00012789 He is supposed to lead and guide you into your destiny and in the process bless and +zzmBL1rSkVU-00024-00012789-00012891 elevate you. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00025-00012891-00013512 So if you are not obeying His promptings and leading in every area of your life, then what +zzmBL1rSkVU-00026-00013512-00013700 good is it for Him to still remain in you? +zzmBL1rSkVU-00027-00013700-00014350 Then you are as good as not having Him at all if you will not obey Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00028-00014350-00015322 The bible says in Romans 8:14, "For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are +zzmBL1rSkVU-00029-00015322-00015629 sons of God." +zzmBL1rSkVU-00030-00015629-00016231 So God recognizes you as belonging to His children when you start following after leading +zzmBL1rSkVU-00031-00016231-00016488 of the Holy Spirit. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00032-00016488-00017065 Now it's one thing to know all these things, but it's another to know and even understand +zzmBL1rSkVU-00033-00017065-00017616 what the Spirit of God is saying at every step of the way in your Christian life, because +zzmBL1rSkVU-00034-00017616-00018436 God is interested even in the minutest detail of our lives. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00035-00018436-00018990 Sensitivity to the Holy Spirit is crucial in your journey with Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00036-00018990-00019382 And this is what we explore today. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00037-00019382-00019998 The key to walking successfully with the Holy Spirit is perceiving rightly what He is saying, +zzmBL1rSkVU-00038-00019998-00020653 trusting wholeheartedly what He instructs you to do, and then obeying fully His instructions. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00039-00020653-00021576 But to do this you will need to cultivate an ever-increasing awareness and sensitivity +zzmBL1rSkVU-00040-00021576-00021957 to Him and His guidance at all times. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00041-00021957-00022340 These are some of the ways we can learn to be sensitive to Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00042-00022340-00022610 The first is to pursue holiness. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00043-00022610-00023391 The reason why we call Him the Holy Spirit is because He is the Spirit of holiness. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00044-00023391-00024040 We cannot willingly decide to wallow in the filth of sin and invite the Holy Spirit of +zzmBL1rSkVU-00045-00024040-00024396 God to come and dwell in it with us. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00046-00024396-00024954 Sin contains too much obstructive tendencies to the flow of the Spirit, so you will do +zzmBL1rSkVU-00047-00024954-00025454 yourself a lot of good by making it a goal to live a holy life if you want to be sensitive +zzmBL1rSkVU-00048-00025454-00025806 to the leading of the Spirit of God. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00049-00025806-00026526 The Spirit of holiness functions effectively in a holy atmosphere so be holy. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00050-00026526-00027174 Remove every activity in your life that does not please Him or edify you, and consecrate +zzmBL1rSkVU-00051-00027174-00027420 yourself more and more. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00052-00027420-00028080 Please repent quickly when He points out error in your behavior, and do not grieve Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00053-00028080-00028589 Also choose occasional fastings as a means to lighten your spirit so you can be sensitive +zzmBL1rSkVU-00054-00028589-00029289 and hear what He is saying or relaying to your spirit much more effectively. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00055-00029289-00029683 The second point is to set your heart to obey and do His will. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00056-00029683-00030408 The will of God for your life I can tell you will be much more glorious than you could +zzmBL1rSkVU-00057-00030408-00030581 ever wish for yourself. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00058-00030581-00030970 God is too good to want evil for anybody. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00059-00030970-00031581 He knows you much more than you know yourself, and He can do a better job at blessing you +zzmBL1rSkVU-00060-00031581-00031977 than you could ever want for yourself. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00061-00031977-00032655 So stop looking at what you will have to give up in order to obey the Spirit of God. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00062-00032655-00033321 Rest assured that if you give up the good for God, you will get the best. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00063-00033321-00033769 There is fulfillment in pursuing your purpose on earth. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00064-00033769-00034394 The Maker of the product knows best what will be good for the product than the product itself. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00065-00034394-00035132 So relinquish your desires and follow after His heart and receive life and peace. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00066-00035132-00035957 Jesus says in Luke 9:24, "For whoever desires to save His life will lose it, but whoever +zzmBL1rSkVU-00067-00035957-00036499 loses His life for My sake will save it." +zzmBL1rSkVU-00068-00036499-00037344 Real peace, joy and fulfillment is at the end of giving up what you think you want or +zzmBL1rSkVU-00069-00037344-00037706 need by following after the leading of the Holy Spirit. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00070-00037706-00038143 Trust God to decorate you and honor you. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00071-00038143-00038738 Walking with Him is not always easy, but it is always glorious. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00072-00038738-00038965 Trust Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00073-00038965-00039419 The third point is to pray a lot in the Spirit. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00074-00039419-00040090 Praying in tongues builds you up in the spirit and makes you strong in Christ. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00075-00040090-00040649 You become sensitive to the Holy Spirit and your spirit aligns with Him when you pray +zzmBL1rSkVU-00076-00040649-00040780 in Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00077-00040780-00040935 That's what builds you up. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00078-00040935-00041525 You associate and commune with Him by speaking His language in the Spirit. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00079-00041525-00042301 The bible says in Jude verse 20, "But you, beloved, building yourselves up on your most +zzmBL1rSkVU-00080-00042301-00042878 holy faith, praying in the Holy Spirit." +zzmBL1rSkVU-00081-00042878-00043541 Because this is how your spirit receives mysteries in the spirit and instructions and even revelation +zzmBL1rSkVU-00082-00043541-00043819 from the Holy Spirit. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00083-00043819-00044519 So praying in the Holy Spirit regularly is very important if you will become sensitive +zzmBL1rSkVU-00084-00044519-00044822 to His guidance and leading. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00085-00044822-00045548 Again the bible says in 1 Corinthians 14:2, "For he who speaks in a tongue does not speak +zzmBL1rSkVU-00086-00045548-00046727 to men but to God, for no one understands him; however, in the spirit he speaks mysteries." +zzmBL1rSkVU-00087-00046727-00047405 So pray more in the Spirit and become sensitive to His voice. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00088-00047405-00047977 The fourth point is to spend your mornings with Him first before you go about your business. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00089-00047977-00048574 This is very crucial as it shows God what you deem the most important things in life; +zzmBL1rSkVU-00090-00048574-00049126 and what ultimately you trust by your actions to be your God. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00091-00049126-00049574 The Holy Spirit wants to take preeminence over everything in your life, because after +zzmBL1rSkVU-00092-00049574-00049974 all, He possesses all knowledge and all power. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00093-00049974-00050768 Give Him your undivided attention and let Him show who really is in control of the universe. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00094-00050768-00051419 Don't ever hurry Him in your morning routines so you can go about your business, for that +zzmBL1rSkVU-00095-00051419-00051770 speaks of a heart that is far from Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00096-00051770-00052344 He seeks a relationship so that He can communicate effectively with you for your own good. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00097-00052344-00053089 Every relationship requires time investment, otherwise it will break down. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00098-00053089-00053679 The time you invest in your relationship with Him tells Him how much you value your relationship +zzmBL1rSkVU-00099-00053679-00053845 with Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00100-00053845-00054398 And this will determine how serious and committed you will be to Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00101-00054398-00055095 So spend quality time every day with Him seeking after His heart and you will be the head and +zzmBL1rSkVU-00102-00055095-00055214 ahead of your peers. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00103-00055214-00055875 After all the bible says in Isaiah 40:31, "But those who wait on the LORD shall renew +zzmBL1rSkVU-00104-00055875-00056534 their strength; they shall mount up with wings like eagles, they shall run and not be weary, +zzmBL1rSkVU-00105-00056534-00056741 they shall walk and not faint." +zzmBL1rSkVU-00106-00056741-00057489 So it is in your waiting on Him that you progress in life and not in your hurriedly rushing +zzmBL1rSkVU-00107-00057489-00057749 through the day doing your own thing. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00108-00057749-00058424 Now I am not in anyway advocating for lateness, but I am asking that you make quality time +zzmBL1rSkVU-00109-00058424-00058816 for Him by adjusting your priorities. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00110-00058816-00059330 If you will learn to put the Holy Spirit first, you will be first in life. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00111-00059330-00059827 The last but not least is to learn to practice His presence. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00112-00059827-00060354 When you get born again, the Holy Spirit moves to make in you His permanent abode as a child +zzmBL1rSkVU-00113-00060354-00060816 of God, unless you decide that you do not need Him anymore. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00114-00060816-00061416 So develop an awareness of His presence with you everywhere you go. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00115-00061416-00062058 Talk regularly to Him throughout your day and listen for His instructions and guidance. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00116-00062058-00062525 Ask Him to direct your path, and listen at all times for what He has to say to you and +zzmBL1rSkVU-00117-00062525-00062665 obey Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00118-00062665-00063002 This is how to practice His presence. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00119-00063002-00063673 You must be conscious of His presence all the time because He is always with you. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00120-00063673-00064275 Learn to thank Him for His instructions, grace and even His presence with you. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00121-00064275-00064766 Worship and praise Him regularly, singing hymns in your heart to Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00122-00064766-00065511 Also sing aloud to Him and glorify His name, and you will maximize your potential in Him. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00123-00065511-00066268 He will give you revelations and direct you to the places where you will win in life. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00124-00066268-00067111 May your walk with the Holy Spirit be ever fruitful and satisfying as you submit to Him +zzmBL1rSkVU-00125-00067111-00067368 fully in all things. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00126-00067368-00067546 God bless you. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00127-00067546-00068057 May the Holy Spirit guide us in our walk with Him in Christ. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00128-00068057-00068800 May He align us to His purposes for our lives and give us rest and fulfillment in our destinies +zzmBL1rSkVU-00129-00068800-00069021 as we submit to Him completely. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00130-00069021-00069648 May we find our lives again even as we give it to the service of others in the body of +zzmBL1rSkVU-00131-00069648-00070438 Christ, and may the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit be glorified in us as we align +zzmBL1rSkVU-00132-00070438-00070934 ourselves with the purpose of heaven for our lives. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00133-00070934-00071114 In Jesus' Mighty name. +zzmBL1rSkVU-00134-00071114-00071164 Amen. +z-6exsBfoYE-00000-00000031-00000231 I told you. It is returned. +z-6exsBfoYE-00001-00000438-00000638 Hello, your computer has virus. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00000-00000010-00000310 ♪ [music] ♪ +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00001-00000612-00000952 Welcome back to the series Sustainable Monetized Websites, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00002-00000972-00001218 a series for online content creators +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00003-00001218-00001342 and content managers +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00004-00001342-00001538 who also handle monetization. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00005-00001575-00001662 I'm Aurora. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00006-00001662-00001962 I work in Policy Education for Publishers at Google. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00007-00002092-00002232 These are my two cohosts, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00008-00002232-00002348 - Organica... - Organica. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00009-00002398-00002495 ...and Monetized. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00010-00002618-00002735 In this episode, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00011-00002735-00002968 we will talk about why it is important +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00012-00002969-00003165 to have good, quality content. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00013-00003222-00003365 Let me start by saying: +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00014-00003395-00003628 provide unique and relevant content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00015-00003629-00003968 that gives users a reason to regularly visit your site. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00016-00004052-00004358 Google may classify pages that have thin content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00017-00004382-00004578 with little or no added value +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00018-00004578-00004695 as low quality. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00019-00004752-00005065 I'll talk about four types of low-quality content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00020-00005065-00005292 that will impact how your site does, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00021-00005318-00005495 both in your organic search +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00022-00005495-00005752 as well as in your monetization strategy. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00023-00005822-00006242 First, automatically generated or auto-generated content. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00024-00006292-00006585 This is programmatically generated content. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00025-00006632-00006995 In cases where its intention is to manipulate search rankings +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00026-00006995-00007125 and not help users, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00027-00007155-00007522 Google may take algorithmic or even manual actions on it. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00028-00007558-00007775 Organica, give us some examples. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00029-00007775-00008005 Text that makes no sense to the reader +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00030-00008005-00008198 but that contains search keywords, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00031-00008236-00008535 low-quality translations by automated tools +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00032-00008535-00008735 with no curation before publishing, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00033-00008764-00008968 stitching or combining content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00034-00008968-00009115 from different web pages +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00035-00009115-00009345 without adding any sufficient value. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00036-00009388-00009635 Second, thin affiliate pages. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00037-00009665-00010008 There are many great sites monetized with affiliate links +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00038-00010009-00010115 that add value. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00039-00010132-00010492 For example, by offering original product reviews, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00040-00010492-00010715 ratings, or product comparisons. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00041-00010755-00010998 If you participate in an affiliate program, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00042-00011025-00011328 make sure you differentiate your site from the rest. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00043-00011380-00011688 Unique, high-quality, and relevant content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00044-00011712-00011895 provides value to users +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00045-00011895-00012112 and distinguishes your site from others, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00046-00012138-00012398 making it more likely to rank well +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00047-00012398-00012548 in Google Search results. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00048-00012608-00012852 However, thin affiliate websites +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00049-00012852-00013115 do not provide additional value for users. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00050-00013158-00013375 These sites are often templates +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00051-00013398-00013638 with replicated or similar content. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00052-00013712-00014058 Thin affiliates create a frustrating user experience, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00053-00014059-00014255 and they're not useful for our users. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00054-00014318-00014648 Thin affiliate sites consisting of content that appears +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00055-00014648-00014872 in many other places on the web +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00056-00014872-00015265 may be negatively perceived by search engines and users alike. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00057-00015338-00015642 What can you do to help your site stand out +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00058-00015642-00015825 and differentiate from others? +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00059-00015868-00015975 Ask yourself: +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00060-00015975-00016298 Why would a user want to visit my site first +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00061-00016299-00016632 rather than visiting the original merchant directly? +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00062-00016735-00016962 Make sure your site adds value +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00063-00016962-00017195 beyond simply republishing content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00064-00017195-00017348 from the original merchant. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00065-00017398-00017628 Avoid making the affiliate program +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00066-00017629-00017888 the central part of the content of your site. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00067-00017952-00018182 Move your unique and exciting features +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00068-00018182-00018315 into the foreground, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00069-00018315-00018668 such as information about price or product category. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00070-00018735-00018928 Ensure your affiliate program +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00071-00018929-00019195 matches the product category of your audience. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00072-00019235-00019388 The story goes this way: +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00073-00019452-00019785 the better the affiliate program fits your site's content, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00074-00019812-00019985 the more value it will add, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00075-00019985-00020258 and thus, the more likely you will be +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00076-00020259-00020425 to make money from the program. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00077-00020562-00020668 Use your website +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00078-00020668-00020922 to build a community among your users. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00079-00020956-00021282 Regularly create unique and valuable content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00080-00021282-00021505 that your frequent users will care about; +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00081-00021532-00021858 this will help build a loyal readership +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00082-00021859-00022102 and can also create a source of information +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00083-00022102-00022302 on the subject you're writing about. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00084-00022462-00022738 Keep your content updated and relevant. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00085-00022772-00022978 Fresh, on-topic information +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00086-00022978-00023138 is more useful to users +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00087-00023139-00023418 and, in turn, is compelling for search engines +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00088-00023419-00023715 to keep up to date in their search results, too. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00089-00023772-00024008 A third type of low-quality content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00090-00024009-00024222 is replicated content from other sources. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00091-00024285-00024432 You can learn more about it +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00092-00024432-00024678 on the replicated or duplicated content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00093-00024679-00024862 and what to do with it episode +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00094-00024862-00024962 in this series. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00095-00025025-00025213 Fourth, doorway pages. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00096-00025244-00025628 These are sites or pages created with minimal unique content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00097-00025668-00025922 meant to focus on specific keywords. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00098-00025972-00026085 They're bad for users +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00099-00026108-00026322 because they don't provide unique value +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00100-00026345-00026726 and end up taking the user to essentially the same destination. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00101-00026798-00027158 Sometimes, they also lead users to intermediate pages +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00102-00027158-00027442 that are not as useful as the final destination. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00103-00027515-00027758 They're made just for search engines +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00104-00027758-00027992 with little or no original content. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00105-00028035-00028228 Search de-prioritizes them. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00106-00028258-00028492 Publisher networks, such as AdSense, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00107-00028492-00028778 have policies requiring original content, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00108-00028805-00029068 and they're generally a waste of everybody's time, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00109-00029095-00029272 including the publisher's time. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00110-00029352-00029718 Organica, give us some examples of doorway pages, please. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00111-00029719-00029952 Having multiple domain names or pages +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00112-00029952-00030208 targeted at specific regions or cities +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00113-00030208-00030422 that funnel users to one page; +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00114-00030495-00030732 pages generated to funnel visitors +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00115-00030732-00031035 into the actual, usable, or relevant portion +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00116-00031035-00031192 of your site or sites. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00117-00031192-00031282 So remember, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00118-00031315-00031445 make sure your site +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00119-00031445-00031688 provides unique and relevant content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00120-00031689-00031795 to your users. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00121-00031838-00032092 Although monetized and organic content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00122-00032092-00032232 work in different ways, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00123-00032255-00032695 sites that don't meet the monetization and organic search guidelines +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00124-00032722-00032962 may be removed from the Search index +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00125-00032962-00033158 and have their ads disabled. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00126-00033235-00033348 In the next episode, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00127-00033368-00033688 we will deep dive into user-generated content +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00128-00033689-00033848 and building your community. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00129-00033888-00034048 Subscribe to this channel +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00130-00034049-00034202 so that you don't miss anything. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00131-00034248-00034495 Don't forget to like and share this video, +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00132-00034512-00034605 and leave a comment +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00133-00034605-00034828 if you have any cool topic suggestions +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00134-00034829-00034962 for future episodes. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00135-00035002-00035122 Until the next time. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00136-00035122-00035225 Goodbye. +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00137-00035225-00035525 ♪ [music] ♪ +z_yZ3UJuu4c-00138-00035942-00036028 [Aurora] Good? +zD1FBR7AdjI-00000-00000027-00000348 My name is Leslie Clarke, and I live in Las Vegas, Nevada. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00001-00000428-00000802 I have been a pretty consistent conservative Republican most of my +zD1FBR7AdjI-00002-00000802-00001292 life till about 10 years ago, when it seemed like politics was really +zD1FBR7AdjI-00003-00001292-00001880 getting polarized and divisive and messy and I stopped paying attention. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00004-00001880-00002191 I didn't even vote in the last two presidential elections. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00005-00002249-00002825 I did, however, notice that Donald Trump had been elected president which +zD1FBR7AdjI-00006-00002825-00003318 I found sort of interesting because he'd always been comic relief to me. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00007-00003478-00003985 But then I went back to not paying attention until earlier this year when +zD1FBR7AdjI-00008-00003985-00004228 the coronavirus started to emerge. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00009-00004267-00004606 I'm 69 years old, and I have mild COPD. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00010-00004666-00004969 And I thought to myself, boy, Leslie, you ought to be paying attention. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00011-00004969-00005290 So I started to watch the president's daily briefings. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00012-00005410-00005950 I was astounded at how undignified he is, how unpresidential. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00013-00005991-00006430 He does these long self-aggrandizing rants that go nowhere. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00014-00006436-00006679 The way he treats the press and other people. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00015-00006706-00006756 Wow. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00016-00006787-00007603 I was amazed, but I hung in there until he suggested that we inject +zD1FBR7AdjI-00017-00007603-00007765 ourselves with disinfectant. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00018-00007789-00007888 That was it for me. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00019-00007953-00008710 And then when I watched that man die on the streets of Minneapolis. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00020-00008733-00009473 And the president did absolutely nothing to bring us together, to hold ourselves +zD1FBR7AdjI-00021-00009479-00009785 as human beings here in this country. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00022-00009821-00010406 He brought nothing but hate, bigotry, and racism and his flaunting of the law. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00023-00010469-00010666 I'm going to vote for Joe Biden. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00024-00010668-00010946 Not because Joe and I have a lot in common. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00025-00010958-00011033 We don't. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00026-00011078-00011318 But I do think he's the better man for the job. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00027-00011351-00011738 And I'll do almost anything to get Trump out of office. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00028-00011788-00012281 I'm embarrassed to be a Republican, I'm somewhat ashamed to be white these days, +zD1FBR7AdjI-00029-00012305-00012491 and I'm embarrassed to be an American. +zD1FBR7AdjI-00030-00012518-00013028 And I don't know if I'll ever forgive the Republican leadership for supporting +zD1FBR7AdjI-00031-00013085-00013418 and allowing him to do this to my party. +zFZCPXMgYyA-00001-00001268-00001604 the project arose out of conversation that Judyth Sacks the +zFZCPXMgYyA-00002-00001604-00001707 previous provost at +zFZCPXMgYyA-00003-00001707-00002077 Macquarie University had when she was chairing some teaching awards at Lunds +zFZCPXMgYyA-00004-00002077-00002211 University in Sweden she thought +zFZCPXMgYyA-00005-00002211-00002738 with conversations with her peers over there +zFZCPXMgYyA-00006-00002738-00003121 the colleagues at Lunds and then it perhaps was time to look at an international +zFZCPXMgYyA-00007-00003121-00003543 project around peer review, peer review as a quality enhancement activity +zFZCPXMgYyA-00008-00003543-00003932 so she came back and she spoke to all the associate Deans +zFZCPXMgYyA-00009-00003932-00004528 at Macquarie University and we put together a funding proposal to +zFZCPXMgYyA-00010-00004528-00004867 at the time was the Australian Learning and Teaching Council but it's now called the +zFZCPXMgYyA-00011-00004867-00004991 Office for Learning and Teaching +zFZCPXMgYyA-00012-00004991-00005382 to fund a project around communication skills around interpersonal +zFZCPXMgYyA-00013-00005382-00005466 relationships +zFZCPXMgYyA-00014-00005466-00005789 around emotions in peer review process +zFZCPXMgYyA-00015-00005789-00006171 to enable staff to be comfortable enough in the process +zFZCPXMgYyA-00016-00006171-00006609 to be able to look on it as a quality enhancement activity +zFZCPXMgYyA-00017-00006609-00007147 as opposed to the usual quality assurance so the project involved four +zFZCPXMgYyA-00018-00007147-00007522 universities Macquarie University and LaTrobe University from Australia +zFZCPXMgYyA-00019-00007522-00008022 as well as Luns University from Sweden in Pretoria University from South +zFZCPXMgYyA-00020-00008022-00008092 Africa +zFZCPXMgYyA-00021-00008092-00008516 those universities each split up to +zFZCPXMgYyA-00022-00008516-00008886 conduct research in their own universities +zFZCPXMgYyA-00023-00008886-00009253 at Macquarie University we engaged around 25 people +zFZCPXMgYyA-00024-00009253-00009811 we looked on those people as co-researchers throughout the entire project +zFZCPXMgYyA-00025-00009811-00010224 so we set up a project approach a research approach +zFZCPXMgYyA-00026-00010224-00010538 that allowed the academics to +zFZCPXMgYyA-00027-00010538-00011031 investigate their own use of peer review in a kind of an action research +zFZCPXMgYyA-00028-00011031-00011430 project very much focused on communication skills and interpersonal +zFZCPXMgYyA-00029-00011430-00011606 skills in the peer review process +zFZCPXMgYyA-00030-00011606-00011945 and from that we developed some resources that we hope will +zFZCPXMgYyA-00031-00011945-00012359 enable all members of the higher education sector to improve their +zFZCPXMgYyA-00032-00012359-00012411 teaching +zFZCPXMgYyA-00033-00012411-00012783 through peer review for me the project developed two +zFZCPXMgYyA-00034-00012783-00013291 really significant outcomes as you know peer review has been +zFZCPXMgYyA-00035-00013291-00013675 used in North America for example for a number of years and it's very well supported +zFZCPXMgYyA-00036-00013675-00014082 there's been a number really interesting projects across Australia as well +zFZCPXMgYyA-00037-00014082-00014613 what's significant about this project is we've managed to develop a really +zFZCPXMgYyA-00038-00014613-00014732 flexible model +zFZCPXMgYyA-00039-00014732-00015179 that can be adapted to institutions across the higher education sector +zFZCPXMgYyA-00040-00015179-00015644 not just in Australia but elsewhere so this comes out both +zFZCPXMgYyA-00041-00015644-00016029 in the peer review volume from Springer in which you'll find +zFZCPXMgYyA-00042-00016029-00016406 a number of chapters on the theoretical basis for peer review that can inform a +zFZCPXMgYyA-00043-00016406-00016706 number of models as well as practical examples +zFZCPXMgYyA-00044-00016706-00017156 also comes out in the freely available resource that are framed around +zFZCPXMgYyA-00045-00017156-00017318 particular questions +zFZCPXMgYyA-00046-00017318-00017695 that you need to ask when developing either a peer review relationship +zFZCPXMgYyA-00047-00017695-00017961 or a peer review system +zFZCPXMgYyA-00048-00017961-00018358 and for me it's that adaptability that flexibility in the model that makes it really significant +zI56nvJUpSk-00000-00000013-00000519 Hey everyone, since next Tuesday, November 27th is #givingtuesday +zI56nvJUpSk-00001-00000604-00001287 For this week's video. I wanted to talk about a local organization called AHIP. So let's get started! +zI56nvJUpSk-00002-00002065-00002345 Hello everyone, welcome to my channel! +zI56nvJUpSk-00003-00002346-00002901 My name is Ashley Jurney, and i'm a realtor and buyer specialist with town in Charlottesville, Virginia. +zI56nvJUpSk-00004-00002950-00003486 You can learn more about us and Charlottesville real estate by visiting our website at TOWNCVILLE.COM +zI56nvJUpSk-00005-00003820-00004361 AHIP believes that everyone should be safe at home. They are a home repair +zI56nvJUpSk-00006-00004423-00005211 Nonprofit, and they work year-round to provide emergency repairs home rehabs and energy efficiency upgrades +zI56nvJUpSk-00007-00005223-00005510 to families in Charlottesville and Albemarle County. +zI56nvJUpSk-00008-00005598-00005798 They are a private 501c3 organization +zI56nvJUpSk-00009-00006019-00006341 serving low-income individuals and families. +zI56nvJUpSk-00010-00006361-00007055 They're a full-service state license class A contractor, an EPA certified lead abatement contractor, and an +zI56nvJUpSk-00011-00007504-00007781 administrative program and construction staff! +zI56nvJUpSk-00012-00007872-00008639 So what does AHIP do? They do small to large home repairs and moderate to comprehensive housing rehabilitation, +zI56nvJUpSk-00013-00008772-00008972 energy efficiency upgrades, +zI56nvJUpSk-00014-00009004-00009354 common rehab, and repair tasks including roofs, HVAC systems, plumbing and electrical systems, +zI56nvJUpSk-00015-00009814-00010400 Flooring steps decks access ramps and wells and septic systems. +zI56nvJUpSk-00016-00010471-00010552 I have volunteered +zI56nvJUpSk-00017-00010552-00010675 with them several times And it's a lot of fun you get to learn how to build stuff +zI56nvJUpSk-00018-00010675-00011162 and if you'd like to know how to volunteer, +zI56nvJUpSk-00019-00011224-00011812 donate, or find out how you can provide a better impact our community.- There is a link in the description. +zI56nvJUpSk-00020-00011928-00012122 Last year they had +zI56nvJUpSk-00021-00012122-00012322 228 individual volunteers +zI56nvJUpSk-00022-00012510-00013288 2427 total volunteer hours that's worth about thirty six thousand three hundred and twenty dollars worth of volunteer hours! +zI56nvJUpSk-00023-00013329-00013437 That's so awesome! +zI56nvJUpSk-00024-00013437-00013919 If you need assistance with repairing your home and you think a hip may be able to help - +zI56nvJUpSk-00025-00013947-00014263 there's a link in the description where you can get some more information. +zI56nvJUpSk-00026-00014345-00014977 Thank you so much for watching my video. I hope that you will choose a hip to donate to on #givingtuesday! +zI56nvJUpSk-00027-00015072-00015619 They are one of my favorite nonprofits in charlottesville. Helping to make people safe at home. +zI56nvJUpSk-00028-00015656-00015816 What could be more important than that? +zI56nvJUpSk-00029-00015816-00016091 If you have not subscribed to my channel +zI56nvJUpSk-00030-00016091-00016570 be sure to do that and turn on notifications so that you're notified whenever I make a new video - +zI56nvJUpSk-00031-00016601-00017398 which is every Wednesday. If you like this video, hit that thumbs up. Thank you again for watching. See you guys next week! +zJG5zIX58gk-00000-00000000-00000827 oh that's different oh yes man that Harmony very nice bass oh my God I +zJG5zIX58gk-00001-00000827-00001368 love that oh my God I love that oh my God Tim yes +zJG5zIX58gk-00002-00002610-00003246 hi guys Yuri here again welcome to YB plays music today I'm going to react to Peter Hollens +zJG5zIX58gk-00003-00003246-00003774 featuring Tim foust with this song The Sound of Silence I have not reacted to their collaborations +zJG5zIX58gk-00004-00003774-00004422 before because I know they have multiple uh collaborations like I think um the Misty Mountains +zJG5zIX58gk-00005-00004422-00005022 is one of them but I haven't seen the video but I'm gonna watch this one I actually have never +zJG5zIX58gk-00006-00005088-00005628 uh heard something about Peter Hollens I believe Tim Faust it has been a while since I've reacted +zJG5zIX58gk-00007-00005628-00006180 to him um let's check it out The Sound of Silence of course we all know that from Simon +zJG5zIX58gk-00008-00006180-00006773 and Garfunkel but a lot of people also know it uh from Disturbed from Pentatonix and such so +zJG5zIX58gk-00009-00006773-00007338 um let's just watch the video before I start reaction I want to talk about the brand Journey +zJG5zIX58gk-00010-00007338-00007830 instruments that makes their own guitars and not just your regular guitars that make travel +zJG5zIX58gk-00011-00007830-00008316 guitars which are collapsible and in some cases they even are made from carbon fiber which is +zJG5zIX58gk-00012-00008316-00008880 just very durable and withstands different weather conditions I have one of those but +zJG5zIX58gk-00013-00008880-00009510 they sent me one of their new products and that is an electric foldable guitar it looks cool it +zJG5zIX58gk-00014-00009510-00010128 sounds great if you guys want a guitar or another instrument buy them use the affiliate Link in the +zJG5zIX58gk-00015-00010128-00010590 description down below it's just it doesn't cost you any more but it just helps me a little bit +zJG5zIX58gk-00016-00010590-00011058 it's just an awesome brand which makes really quality products and the newest guitar from +zJG5zIX58gk-00017-00011058-00011658 them that I I have is only five hundred dollars which is really not that much if you consider uh +zJG5zIX58gk-00018-00011658-00012288 first of all the convenience the compactness the sound and the looks from it then it's really not +zJG5zIX58gk-00019-00012288-00012702 that pricey so use the link in the description down below if you want to buy something and let +zJG5zIX58gk-00020-00012702-00013122 me know if you have ordered something I really want to know what you guys is interested are uh +zJG5zIX58gk-00021-00013122-00013500 when it comes to travel geared and travel guitar because if you are a guitar player +zJG5zIX58gk-00022-00013500-00014088 that likes to travel a lot that is just an amazing solution without any hustling of your +zJG5zIX58gk-00023-00014088-00014676 full sized guitar that said guys let's return to the reaction let's check it out here we go +zJG5zIX58gk-00024-00014880-00015480 hello darkness my old friend okay +zJG5zIX58gk-00025-00015780-00016494 wait I've come to talk with you again okay that's the special effect in the video +zJG5zIX58gk-00026-00018438-00019116 Still Remains it kind of reminds me of the original version of Simon and Garfunkel actually +zJG5zIX58gk-00027-00019116-00019836 the kind of the the High voices and such I think I don't know if it's the same key but it definitely +zJG5zIX58gk-00028-00019836-00020442 could be it sounds similar as the original uh I mean without the instruments of course +zJG5zIX58gk-00029-00021426-00021588 of Silence +zJG5zIX58gk-00030-00022308-00022626 Cobblestone yes +zJG5zIX58gk-00031-00024138-00024684 I think Peter Hollins is doing the High voices here and Tim a little bit below that I mean there +zJG5zIX58gk-00032-00024684-00025488 are multiple voices it's not just their two voices there are multiple layers of them um obviously uh +zJG5zIX58gk-00033-00025488-00026214 there was one uh Harmony that was very noticeably different I think than the original it sounded +zJG5zIX58gk-00034-00026214-00026880 different but not bad uh it sounded actually interesting let's return to that point actually +zJG5zIX58gk-00035-00027150-00027558 right here here that no let's listen to that again +zJG5zIX58gk-00036-00028020-00028092 right here +zJG5zIX58gk-00037-00028158-00028548 that's different +zJG5zIX58gk-00038-00028998-00029592 times I walked alone narrow streets of cobblestone +zJG5zIX58gk-00039-00029832-00029880 release +zJG5zIX58gk-00040-00030780-00030930 my eyes down +zJG5zIX58gk-00041-00031716-00033090 and touch The Sound of Silence and in the naked light I saw ten thousand people maybe more +zJG5zIX58gk-00042-00033228-00033786 people talk yes now I think it's Tim the highest voice +zJG5zIX58gk-00043-00034122-00034926 man that Harmony +zJG5zIX58gk-00044-00035232-00036180 disturb the sound of Silence that is not an easy Arrangement man all the things that are that's +zJG5zIX58gk-00045-00036180-00036798 that are going on in the background they're constantly switching between different [__] +zJG5zIX58gk-00046-00036798-00037416 voices layers it's there is a lot in this it doesn't seem like it because it's just like +zJG5zIX58gk-00047-00037416-00038004 it's acapella but there are so much in this we heard a slide base there from Tim at a certain +zJG5zIX58gk-00048-00038004-00038586 point as well very subtle uh I mean subtle it's it's very noticeable it's not the focus on that +zJG5zIX58gk-00049-00038664-00039762 dead no one did disturb The Sound of Silence my backpack +zJG5zIX58gk-00050-00039762-00040386 very nice place oh my God +zJG5zIX58gk-00051-00041574-00042210 but my words like silence he dropped an octave foreign +zJG5zIX58gk-00052-00044784-00045078 what was for me oh my God +zJG5zIX58gk-00053-00045930-00046212 it's not easy to distinguish their voices +zJG5zIX58gk-00054-00047532-00048276 of Silence I think that might I I will listen to Peter Hollens in a +zJG5zIX58gk-00055-00048276-00049080 moment I think that is quite the conscious decision to end the the song at the sound +zJG5zIX58gk-00056-00049218-00049872 and they just don't say anything because that's the sound of silence because uh they won't end +zJG5zIX58gk-00057-00049872-00050424 it really on silence you think they're going to say of Silence but they don't they just keep it +zJG5zIX58gk-00058-00050424-00051048 real quiet and keep it the silence that is a nice touch at the end there now obviously I said it's +zJG5zIX58gk-00059-00051048-00051702 it's hard to distinguish their voices sometimes in a couple of parts except for like the bass parts +zJG5zIX58gk-00060-00051702-00052367 I mean at least I think so I don't know how low Peter Hollens can can sing if he does bass but I +zJG5zIX58gk-00061-00052367-00052950 know Tim can go that low so I assume he does the base if there is bass let me know if I'm +zJG5zIX58gk-00062-00052950-00053712 wrong in the comment section Down Below guys and it's actually not bad common that I see a cover +zJG5zIX58gk-00063-00053712-00054324 of the original that is based on the original uh like for example the the cover that Pentatonix did +zJG5zIX58gk-00064-00054467-00055014 I thought was more uh based on the Disturbed version listening to a +zJG5zIX58gk-00065-00055014-00055541 couple of The Melodies that they used in there uh it might be a combination but this really +zJG5zIX58gk-00066-00055602-00056412 resembles the original more they really stay true to the Simon and Garfunkel um harmonies I think +zJG5zIX58gk-00067-00056412-00057179 and the voices man I'm glad I got to watch them for the first time together um definitely up for +zJG5zIX58gk-00068-00057179-00057810 more I I really want to see Misty Mountains as well perhaps uh in a later video guys I hope you +zJG5zIX58gk-00069-00057810-00058241 enjoyed my reaction to this one don't forget subscribe like and share the video also don't +zJG5zIX58gk-00070-00058241-00058691 forget to check out some of my other reaction videos I also have music videos and tutorials for +zJG5zIX58gk-00071-00058691-00059154 you guys to check out also don't forget to check out I have a patreon account right now where I +zJG5zIX58gk-00072-00059154-00059820 will post uh like full movies about artists uh full concert about certain artists it depends +zJG5zIX58gk-00073-00059820-00060372 on the suggestions documentaries Disney movies that's all possible over there uh so check out +zJG5zIX58gk-00074-00060372-00060798 the link will be in the description down below so thank you very much and see you guys next time bye +zJG5zIX58gk-00075-00060894-00062010 thank you +zJG5zIX58gk-00076-00062922-00063455 to a lot of people know it from Simon and a lot a lot of people know it from +zJG5zIX58gk-00077-00063455-00064476 Simon and Garf but a lot of people um I don't really that sounded very uh uh but +zJG5zIX58gk-00078-00064476-00065616 it's uh you think it's going they just keep and it's actually one of the less it all depends um +zLpHiYUXUuA-00000-00000340-00000708 Welcome, global supply chainers, to our third live event +zLpHiYUXUuA-00001-00000708-00000822 of SC0x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00002-00000822-00001057 Thank you very much for joining today. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00003-00001057-00001179 My name is Alex Rothkopf. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00004-00001179-00001533 I'm your course lead, and I have invited +zLpHiYUXUuA-00005-00001533-00001866 today Chris Caplice, who's the executive director of the CTL +zLpHiYUXUuA-00006-00001866-00002163 and also your teacher in the past weeks, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00007-00002163-00002411 you have spent a lot of time with him. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00008-00002411-00002574 Thank you very much for joining, Chris. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00009-00002574-00002665 Glad to be here. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00010-00002665-00002770 Glad to be here. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00011-00002770-00003067 I bet you guys are glad to almost be over. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00012-00003067-00003483 Yeah, we're following the final exam and our live event today. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00013-00003483-00003694 I think students are looking forward to that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00014-00003694-00004210 So as usual, we have set up our sli.do account. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00015-00004210-00004566 You can log in at sli.do. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00016-00004566-00005022 Put in the event code, #SC0x-3. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00017-00005022-00005307 And you will have this live feed and the opportunity +zLpHiYUXUuA-00018-00005307-00005575 to interact with us in two ways. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00019-00005575-00005874 On the one hand, you can put up questions to us, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00020-00005874-00006201 and we will pick these questions as we +zLpHiYUXUuA-00021-00006201-00006556 see them fit to our content that we are going to do today. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00022-00006556-00006936 And on the other hand, we are going to put out some polls. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00023-00006936-00007347 I'm running one poll right now about the contents +zLpHiYUXUuA-00024-00007347-00007870 that we have served you with in the last 11 weeks, and we-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00025-00007870-00008170 Before you switch, so for questions, put in a question, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00026-00008170-00008370 but also, we're relying on you guys +zLpHiYUXUuA-00027-00008370-00008575 to upvote the ones that you want to listen to. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00028-00008575-00008821 So if you see a question in there that you like, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00029-00008821-00008959 then upvote it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00030-00008959-00009189 That way we'll know which ones you are of most interest +zLpHiYUXUuA-00031-00009189-00009285 to you all. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00032-00009285-00009335 Yeah, yeah. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00033-00009335-00009453 Absolutely, that's important for us, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00034-00009453-00009599 because then we can see that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00035-00009599-00009678 Prioritize. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00036-00009678-00009768 Yes. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00037-00009768-00010075 It's like a heuristic. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00038-00010075-00010314 So our agenda for today is the welcome, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00039-00010314-00010599 which we just did, and then Chris +zLpHiYUXUuA-00040-00010599-00010845 will do a recap of what we've learned so far +zLpHiYUXUuA-00041-00010845-00011491 and an outlook of how what we've learned in SC0x ties +zLpHiYUXUuA-00042-00011491-00011709 to all the other courses that are upcoming, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00043-00011709-00012142 SC1x, SC2x, SC3x, and SC4x to make the connections clear +zLpHiYUXUuA-00044-00012142-00012394 why we have set up the program the way it is. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00045-00012394-00012748 Afterwards, we have a couple of problems from practice +zLpHiYUXUuA-00046-00012748-00012910 that further should connect what we +zLpHiYUXUuA-00047-00012910-00013582 have done in the course with different problems +zLpHiYUXUuA-00048-00013582-00013831 that you can come up with in transportation logistics, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00049-00013831-00013885 let's say. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00050-00013885-00014128 We're going to go through them step by step, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00051-00014128-00014472 discuss how we apply our methods and see +zLpHiYUXUuA-00052-00014472-00014899 if you have any other questions you just put it on sli.do. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00053-00014899-00015287 So, Chris, I will turn it over to you +zLpHiYUXUuA-00054-00015287-00015775 to discuss with us the learnings that we have. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00055-00015775-00015879 Great. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00056-00015879-00016041 So I hope you guys enjoyed this course. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00057-00016041-00016255 It's the first course that many people +zLpHiYUXUuA-00058-00016255-00016679 take when they go into the micro masters or the SDX sequence. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00059-00016679-00017035 It was actually the fourth class that we created. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00060-00017035-00017383 It was one of the last ones, and the reason why we did it is we +zLpHiYUXUuA-00061-00017383-00017671 found that just like when you come to grad school, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00062-00017671-00017904 usually want to get all your math upfront, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00063-00017904-00018154 because then you're going to have all the tools in your tool +zLpHiYUXUuA-00064-00018154-00018427 belt to be able to solve things as you go forward, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00065-00018427-00018624 and that's the approach we took here. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00066-00018624-00019030 What we also tried to do was weave in hints at least +zLpHiYUXUuA-00067-00019030-00019264 of how these different techniques would +zLpHiYUXUuA-00068-00019264-00019534 be used in both the rest of the courses, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00069-00019534-00019690 as well as in your career and supply +zLpHiYUXUuA-00070-00019690-00020005 chain, because every one of them has a very practical use. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00071-00020005-00020317 I didn't do anything theory for theory's sake. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00072-00020317-00020575 Everything is there to give you the underpinnings. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00073-00020575-00020817 So there are four big things that I +zLpHiYUXUuA-00074-00020817-00021055 hope you learned, and I'm not going to go into equations. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00075-00021055-00021308 I just want to do big picture things. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00076-00021308-00021580 The first that we tried to do is make +zLpHiYUXUuA-00077-00021580-00021913 sure you had a level of mathematical dexterity, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00078-00021913-00022411 because it's a model-based course, and 0x, 1x, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00079-00022411-00022633 and 2x are all model-based. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00080-00022633-00022819 Everything you do in supply chain, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00081-00022819-00023080 whether you're explicitly dealing with a model, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00082-00023080-00023410 or you're just dealing with the results +zLpHiYUXUuA-00083-00023410-00023755 is the result of a mathematical model, network design, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00084-00023755-00023962 procurement, all these things rely +zLpHiYUXUuA-00085-00023962-00024409 on an underlying mathematical formulation of costs, time, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00086-00024409-00024550 some kind of relationships. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00087-00024550-00024850 So I wanted to make sure that you got practice +zLpHiYUXUuA-00088-00024850-00025174 in using functions and using approximations +zLpHiYUXUuA-00089-00025174-00025444 and just getting your hands wet and getting comfortable back +zLpHiYUXUuA-00090-00025444-00025720 with the algebra that you think you didn't need to use again +zLpHiYUXUuA-00091-00025720-00025918 when you learned it in 7th or 8th grade, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00092-00025918-00026101 because you need to have that dexterity. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00093-00026101-00026305 So that's the big takeaway. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00094-00026305-00026476 Hopefully you're getting more comfortable +zLpHiYUXUuA-00095-00026476-00026652 when you see a summation sign, you +zLpHiYUXUuA-00096-00026652-00027024 don't freak out, because it's just notation. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00097-00027024-00027274 The second big thing that we did in the first part of course +zLpHiYUXUuA-00098-00027274-00027499 was optimization, and I took you all the way +zLpHiYUXUuA-00099-00027499-00027856 from unconstrained, classic optimization using calculus, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00100-00027856-00028012 just a little bit, so you understand +zLpHiYUXUuA-00101-00028012-00028363 it's not magic, and then went into constrained. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00102-00028363-00028636 So we did minimum, maximum, first order +zLpHiYUXUuA-00103-00028636-00028877 conditions, and then second order conditions. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00104-00028877-00029058 How do you know you're at the top of a hill +zLpHiYUXUuA-00105-00029058-00029162 right in the dark? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00106-00029162-00029308 And the whole idea is because we're +zLpHiYUXUuA-00107-00029308-00029539 any step you take takes you down. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00108-00029539-00029773 It's the same concept that you used mathematically +zLpHiYUXUuA-00109-00029773-00029932 in our formulations. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00110-00029932-00030100 And then we also went into constrain. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00111-00030100-00030391 This is where we say, OK, you've got an objective function, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00112-00030391-00030598 you want to minimize or maximize, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00113-00030598-00030832 but you're subject to certain constraints. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00114-00030832-00031033 And so how do you work with that, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00115-00031033-00031339 and you saw the amazing result with linear programming +zLpHiYUXUuA-00116-00031339-00031761 that when you have a feasible region that's convex +zLpHiYUXUuA-00117-00031761-00032020 that the solutions are going to be at the corner points, which +zLpHiYUXUuA-00118-00032020-00032302 is an amazing result that hopefully you appreciated, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00119-00032302-00032564 because we rely on that for a lot of problems. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00120-00032564-00032739 In fact, a lot of this stuff, if you +zLpHiYUXUuA-00121-00032739-00033043 go into future grad work you'll find that a lot of the work +zLpHiYUXUuA-00122-00033043-00033340 is to try to convert a complex, say mixed integer +zLpHiYUXUuA-00123-00033340-00033655 linear program or something complex into a linear program, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00124-00033655-00033986 because we know how to solve a linear program very quickly. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00125-00033986-00034339 So as you go into practice or into a higher grad courses +zLpHiYUXUuA-00126-00034339-00034531 or into other studies, you'll see +zLpHiYUXUuA-00127-00034531-00034756 that the problems you're solving are bigger and bigger +zLpHiYUXUuA-00128-00034756-00034981 and bigger, and hopefully, you realize +zLpHiYUXUuA-00129-00034981-00035251 for integer programming or mixed integer programming, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00130-00035251-00035423 the size will kill you. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00131-00035423-00035609 And so there's all these tricks and things +zLpHiYUXUuA-00132-00035609-00035830 you can learn at a higher level how to convert things +zLpHiYUXUuA-00133-00035830-00036040 into a linear program. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00134-00036040-00036268 But everything we did in optimization, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00135-00036268-00036431 we're trying to come up with an answer. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00136-00036431-00036596 It's all prescriptive. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00137-00036596-00036830 So we did unconstrained optimization, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00138-00036830-00036970 which you will use, and I'll talk +zLpHiYUXUuA-00139-00036970-00037243 about that later in SC1x, constrained +zLpHiYUXUuA-00140-00037243-00037531 optimization, which you'll use a lot, especially mixed +zLpHiYUXUuA-00141-00037531-00037735 integer linear programming. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00142-00037735-00037886 Every supply chain uses this. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00143-00037886-00038074 They might not be explicit about it, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00144-00038074-00038269 but when you're deciding where things flow, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00145-00038269-00038521 where things get located, at the bottom of it, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00146-00038521-00038740 it's a mixed integer linear program. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00147-00038740-00039148 And so hopefully, you got a feel for what you can and cannot do +zLpHiYUXUuA-00148-00039148-00039268 with a MILP. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00149-00039268-00039454 The other thing that we added in I say +zLpHiYUXUuA-00150-00039454-00039697 probably three runs ago, two runs go, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00151-00039697-00040099 we added in the section on algorithms and approximations. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00152-00040099-00040462 If any of you are over the age of say 55, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00153-00040462-00040616 and I'm sure there's some of you, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00154-00040616-00040795 you might have remembered a slide rule, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00155-00040795-00041056 but the vast majority of students that certainly I +zLpHiYUXUuA-00156-00041056-00041406 see at MIT or they're on this class don't have a slide rule. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00157-00041406-00041561 Did you ever have a slide rule, Alex? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00158-00041561-00041653 No, not really. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00159-00041653-00041985 I had one in engineering school just to see how it works. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00160-00041985-00042130 But I never worked with it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00161-00042130-00042458 The thing about a slide rule, it's awesome, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00162-00042458-00042742 but it also helps you think about approximations, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00163-00042742-00042985 and so you think of orders of magnitude very clearly. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00164-00042985-00043216 We've lost that skill. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00165-00043216-00043489 I had to use a slide rule my freshman year in high school. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00166-00043489-00043582 But that was it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00167-00043582-00043729 Calculators came in. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00168-00043729-00043966 So we've lost the skill of approximation. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00169-00043966-00044338 That's why I put that in there and did some approximations +zLpHiYUXUuA-00170-00044338-00044788 and used the approximation technique to also illustrate +zLpHiYUXUuA-00171-00044788-00044884 algorithms. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00172-00044884-00045151 So some of the algorithms in network +zLpHiYUXUuA-00173-00045151-00045472 optimization that I talked about, shortest path, traveling +zLpHiYUXUuA-00174-00045472-00045703 salesman problem, vehicle routing problem, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00175-00045703-00046087 these are used every day, and so when you have the exact data, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00176-00046087-00046414 you can use exact algorithms, or maybe heuristics, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00177-00046414-00046654 those approximations, if it's really big. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00178-00046654-00046894 But sometimes, you need to make a decision, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00179-00046894-00047156 and you have very little information. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00180-00047156-00047356 And that's where these approximations come in. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00181-00047356-00047571 I gave you one example using where +zLpHiYUXUuA-00182-00047571-00047822 it's approximation of local routing distances, which +zLpHiYUXUuA-00183-00047822-00047981 is very powerful, and I'll explain why +zLpHiYUXUuA-00184-00047981-00048238 in a few minutes how it's used. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00185-00048238-00048607 But everything we did for that first part of the class +zLpHiYUXUuA-00186-00048607-00048930 was mainly deterministic, but it was also prescriptive. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00187-00048930-00049093 These are techniques that will give you +zLpHiYUXUuA-00188-00049093-00049369 an answer, how many facilities should I have, where should I +zLpHiYUXUuA-00189-00049369-00049768 put them, which things should I do to maximize my revenue +zLpHiYUXUuA-00190-00049768-00049909 or minimize my costs. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00191-00049909-00050098 It gives you an answer. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00192-00050098-00050243 In the second half of the course, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00193-00050243-00050542 we went into more descriptive and predictive things that +zLpHiYUXUuA-00194-00050542-00050773 don't tell you an answer, but they either +zLpHiYUXUuA-00195-00050773-00051172 describe a situation, or they predict an outcome +zLpHiYUXUuA-00196-00051172-00051362 based on some certain inputs. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00197-00051362-00051578 So we went into probability and statistics. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00198-00051578-00051724 Probably the hardest week there was +zLpHiYUXUuA-00199-00051724-00051908 when we did hypothesis testing. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00200-00051908-00052040 There was a lot of stuff there. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00201-00052040-00052273 But I wanted to make sure you got it all, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00202-00052273-00052416 and so we applied it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00203-00052416-00052708 So hopefully you took away how to handle distributions. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00204-00052708-00052897 You'll see the normal distribution +zLpHiYUXUuA-00205-00052897-00053292 throughout your career, Poisson distribution as well, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00206-00053292-00053563 if you get into spare parts and slow moving things, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00207-00053563-00053827 and I introduced triangle distribution, again, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00208-00053827-00054235 a great approximation if you don't have any detailed data. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00209-00054235-00054487 Hopefully, you're comfortable characterizing data. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00210-00054487-00054832 Every project in the 15 years I've been here +zLpHiYUXUuA-00211-00054832-00055159 at MIT, the size of the data sets +zLpHiYUXUuA-00212-00055159-00055474 that students have dealt with to solve research problems has +zLpHiYUXUuA-00213-00055474-00055654 grown by a factor of 100. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00214-00055654-00055810 I mean, it used to be-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00215-00055810-00056038 everything could be done in a spreadsheet, right. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00216-00056038-00056344 And now this is why we teach you in SC4x, SQL +zLpHiYUXUuA-00217-00056344-00056644 and large massive data skills, because you +zLpHiYUXUuA-00218-00056644-00056953 need to be able to deal with and how to characterize +zLpHiYUXUuA-00219-00056953-00057136 large sets of data. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00220-00057136-00057433 Data cleaning is a critical skill, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00221-00057433-00057583 both being able to characterize data +zLpHiYUXUuA-00222-00057583-00057871 through central tendencies, the dispersion, all of that +zLpHiYUXUuA-00223-00057871-00058122 is a very important skill that hopefully you picked up. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00224-00058122-00058322 Then we went through all the hypothesis testing. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00225-00058322-00058554 What do you do with the data, the idea of p values, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00226-00058554-00058804 point estimates, confidence intervals. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00227-00058804-00059164 Hopefully, you got a handle on that, and the way +zLpHiYUXUuA-00228-00059164-00059479 that you'll get better at that is just doing more problems. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00229-00059479-00059841 And so after a while, you see it's very mechanical. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00230-00059841-00060016 That's why we covered a lot of it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00231-00060016-00060192 But once you understand the concepts +zLpHiYUXUuA-00232-00060192-00060413 the mechanics are very straightforward. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00233-00060413-00060661 So when do you use a normal distribution, a z statistic +zLpHiYUXUuA-00234-00060661-00060910 versus a t statistic, and hopefully +zLpHiYUXUuA-00235-00060910-00061253 after through repetition, you'll get comfortable with that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00236-00061253-00061486 Finally, we focused in on the last part, regression +zLpHiYUXUuA-00237-00061486-00061600 and simulation. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00238-00061600-00061854 And these are more predictive techniques. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00239-00061854-00062095 They're going to predict what an outcome will be. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00240-00062095-00062328 They will not tell you what the best solution is. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00241-00062328-00062782 There is no such thing as a prescriptive regression model +zLpHiYUXUuA-00242-00062782-00063017 or a prescriptive simulation. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00243-00063017-00063235 They tell you, given these inputs, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00244-00063235-00063415 here's what you expect the output to be. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00245-00063415-00063586 It won't tell you the best. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00246-00063586-00063763 People really get confused over this, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00247-00063763-00063963 but they're two very separate techniques. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00248-00063963-00064242 And they work well together, but they're separate techniques. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00249-00064242-00064453 On regression, I went through example +zLpHiYUXUuA-00250-00064453-00064822 after example of building a model, ordinary least squares. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00251-00064822-00065023 You'll use this if you do any forecasting. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00252-00065023-00065233 It's widely used in practice. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00253-00065233-00065389 There's a lot of other techniques +zLpHiYUXUuA-00254-00065389-00065686 that you can go into, but ordinary least squares +zLpHiYUXUuA-00255-00065686-00065897 where you have this dependent variable, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00256-00065897-00066148 it's a function of all these independent variables, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00257-00066148-00066307 thinking back to functions. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00258-00066307-00066562 It's used widely in forecasting. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00259-00066562-00066787 I use it in cost analysis. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00260-00066787-00066994 So you'll see that a lot. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00261-00066994-00067307 Simulation is used, mainly, a lot of times +zLpHiYUXUuA-00262-00067307-00067447 within a factory four walls. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00263-00067447-00067758 I've seen a lot of simulations, or within the network design, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00264-00067758-00068080 to see how a certain solution or a certain policy will go. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00265-00068080-00068317 And simulations make a ton of sense +zLpHiYUXUuA-00266-00068317-00068606 if the situation is so complicated, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00267-00068606-00068920 you can't create a nice closed form, analytical solution, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00268-00068920-00069181 or can't solve an optimization model. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00269-00069181-00069407 And it's also really good to do what ifs. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00270-00069407-00069663 What if I changed my delivery policy +zLpHiYUXUuA-00271-00069663-00069919 so that it's every third day instead of every other day? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00272-00069919-00070088 And if you set up your simulation, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00273-00070088-00070366 you can see how that effect will be, and then at the end of it, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00274-00070366-00070612 you say is it any better than my previous solution. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00275-00070612-00070814 That's where you use a hypothesis test. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00276-00070814-00071084 So at the end of a simulation or regression, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00277-00071084-00071350 you're using all of those statistical tests +zLpHiYUXUuA-00278-00071350-00071800 to validate the model and to help give you some insights. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00279-00071800-00072071 We also did queuing theory as well in there, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00280-00072071-00072377 and that kind of fits right in with some of that as well. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00281-00072377-00072619 So I asked students which of the concepts +zLpHiYUXUuA-00282-00072619-00073012 they like most, what was most interesting for them, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00283-00073012-00073396 and it seems to be that your drive +zLpHiYUXUuA-00284-00073396-00073735 for constrained optimization has picked up. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00285-00073735-00074098 That was a picture that we saw also before, more than 2/3 +zLpHiYUXUuA-00286-00074098-00074413 of the answers say well we like constraint optimization. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00287-00074413-00074671 Actually simulation seems to be also very well perceived. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00288-00074671-00074785 Wow. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00289-00074785-00075126 So personally, I'm showing my bias, because I'm more of-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00290-00075126-00075264 it seems like it's like religion. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00291-00075264-00075415 Right, you're one or the other. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00292-00075415-00075586 I tend to be an optimization guy. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00293-00075586-00075904 I cut my teeth on large scale combinatorial optimization, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00294-00075904-00076120 and so that's the biggest tool in my tool belt. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00295-00076120-00076350 I don't know Are you also more optimization? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00296-00076350-00076684 I'm also more optimization based, although I'm also +zLpHiYUXUuA-00297-00076684-00076969 kind of exploring all the big data stuff where we get more +zLpHiYUXUuA-00298-00076969-00077433 into regression analysis, but it's mostly optimization. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00299-00077433-00077689 To be fair, I've been using regression +zLpHiYUXUuA-00300-00077689-00078001 on the side for other projects for gosh, 15 years. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00301-00078001-00078181 Simulation has never been my strong suit, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00302-00078181-00078503 but we have some people here who it's a primary tool. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00303-00078503-00078715 So as you get up to like a PhD level, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00304-00078715-00078931 you find that you generally go to-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00305-00078931-00079228 you find your methodology, and you kind of use that a lot, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00306-00079228-00079387 or you find a domain. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00307-00079387-00079750 But we try to make sure you have at least a taste of everything. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00308-00079750-00079822 That's good. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00309-00079822-00079927 OK. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00310-00079927-00080290 So hypothesis testing is still very much favored. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00311-00080290-00080542 You know what, you use it when you got to use it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00312-00080542-00080732 It's a way of-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00313-00080732-00080940 So if you're working in a warehouse, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00314-00080940-00081124 you're not going to whip out your hypothesis +zLpHiYUXUuA-00315-00081124-00081397 test that often, but if you're doing an analysis +zLpHiYUXUuA-00316-00081397-00081718 to try to justify spending five million dollars on a software +zLpHiYUXUuA-00317-00081718-00082053 system that will improve operations and increase time, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00318-00082053-00082232 yeah, then you might want to do it to say, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00319-00082232-00082474 hey, you know what, this is a solid improvement, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00320-00082474-00082585 or this is not. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00321-00082585-00082767 So you got to pick when to use your tools. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00322-00082767-00082942 And we were to cover that in our programs, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00323-00082942-00083104 to practice a little bit of how we +zLpHiYUXUuA-00324-00083104-00083273 could use hypothesis testing. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00325-00083273-00083428 Yeah. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00326-00083428-00083634 Let me go-- oh, do you have another question? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00327-00083634-00083850 No, we will go to-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00328-00083850-00084175 So you have these big things that you learned +zLpHiYUXUuA-00329-00084175-00084289 in eight weeks of content. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00330-00084289-00084532 A lot of stuff was put in there, and I know that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00331-00084532-00084658 I know I put a lot in there. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00332-00084658-00084793 I did that on purpose. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00333-00084793-00085060 Let me explain how it's going to be used in later courses +zLpHiYUXUuA-00334-00085060-00085351 if you continue on through SC1x to 4x, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00335-00085351-00085730 and continue with the micro master, which I hope you do. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00336-00085730-00085909 In SC1x, you're going to learn all +zLpHiYUXUuA-00337-00085909-00086158 about forecasting demand, managing inventory, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00338-00086158-00086316 and planning transportation. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00339-00086316-00086452 It is the core course. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00340-00086452-00086590 It's the first course I created. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00341-00086590-00086917 It mirrors SCM.260, which I've been teaching here +zLpHiYUXUuA-00342-00086917-00087400 for more than 15 years at MIT, and it's the classic trade offs +zLpHiYUXUuA-00343-00087400-00087898 between demand planning, inventory, and transportation, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00344-00087898-00088069 so having too much and having too little, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00345-00088069-00088247 having a fixed cost and a variable cost. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00346-00088247-00088456 And as soon as you think of that word's trade off, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00347-00088456-00088687 you should be thinking optimization, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00348-00088687-00089048 because you're finding the best under certain situations. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00349-00089048-00089305 So in forecasting demand, we'll do a lot of work +zLpHiYUXUuA-00350-00089305-00089491 with functions. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00351-00089491-00089611 You'll use regression. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00352-00089611-00089758 You'll use statistics to understand +zLpHiYUXUuA-00353-00089758-00090161 the accuracy of your forecasts, and it's all one big function, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00354-00090161-00090442 right, so your demand is going to be a function of maybe +zLpHiYUXUuA-00355-00090442-00090685 some different patterns, a level, a trend, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00356-00090685-00090847 or some kind of seasonality. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00357-00090847-00091036 You'll use all of those regression +zLpHiYUXUuA-00358-00091036-00091420 and statistical tools to come up with a better forecast. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00359-00091420-00091744 For managing inventory, you'll use unconstrained optimization. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00360-00091744-00091939 The classic inventory model is called +zLpHiYUXUuA-00361-00091939-00092167 EOQ, economic order quantity. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00362-00092167-00092290 You'll recognize it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00363-00092290-00092491 You can solve it with a first order condition, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00364-00092491-00092743 and you'll end up with the EOQ formula, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00365-00092743-00093013 but hopefully by taking SC0x, you know where it came from. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00366-00093013-00093334 It's not a magic formula that someone handed down to you, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00367-00093334-00093623 but you'll see how it came about. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00368-00093623-00094022 You also have a lot of minimum costs under uncertainty. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00369-00094022-00094364 So we'll use a lot of statistics there and distributions. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00370-00094364-00094714 We'll use a lot of the normal distribution in the Poisson, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00371-00094714-00094921 because you want to understand, if you +zLpHiYUXUuA-00372-00094921-00095119 have a certain amount of inventory +zLpHiYUXUuA-00373-00095119-00095299 and your demand distribution, which +zLpHiYUXUuA-00374-00095299-00095630 is a stochastic variable, what's the probability +zLpHiYUXUuA-00375-00095630-00095764 that I'll stock out. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00376-00095764-00095999 So you use probabilities a lot. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00377-00095999-00096208 And so the idea is you're going to be figuring out +zLpHiYUXUuA-00378-00096208-00096592 how much inventory to stock such that my probability of stocking +zLpHiYUXUuA-00379-00096592-00096850 out, which is the probability the demand is +zLpHiYUXUuA-00380-00096850-00097273 to the right of your, level is at some level, less than 10%, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00381-00097273-00097354 let's say. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00382-00097354-00097567 So we'll spend a lot of time understanding +zLpHiYUXUuA-00383-00097567-00097825 how you set your inventory replenishment levels +zLpHiYUXUuA-00384-00097825-00098170 based on probabilistic demand. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00385-00098170-00098407 And then in transportation, you'll really +zLpHiYUXUuA-00386-00098407-00098683 look at optimization of time versus cost, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00387-00098683-00098974 and you'll see how the uncertainty in variability +zLpHiYUXUuA-00388-00098974-00099337 and transit time affects the amount of inventory +zLpHiYUXUuA-00389-00099337-00099646 you need to hit a certain level of service. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00390-00099646-00099823 And we'll do a lot of mode selection, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00391-00099823-00100009 understanding how variability is. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00392-00100009-00100147 So we'll really focus in. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00393-00100147-00100372 But the big thing for SC1x is you're +zLpHiYUXUuA-00394-00100372-00100555 going to see at the end of the course, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00395-00100555-00100849 it really boils down to one big equation, the total cost +zLpHiYUXUuA-00396-00100849-00101122 equation and you'll see that forecasting affects +zLpHiYUXUuA-00397-00101122-00101303 the equation in a certain way. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00398-00101303-00101477 Inventory is affected a certain way, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00399-00101477-00101710 and transportation impacts it a certain way. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00400-00101710-00101877 So what you see is how to make the trade +zLpHiYUXUuA-00401-00101877-00102113 offs of all these different levers +zLpHiYUXUuA-00402-00102113-00102321 that you have in your total cost. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00403-00102321-00102602 So SC1x will use all these models. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00404-00102602-00102716 Can I add a question that-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00405-00102716-00102767 Sure. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00406-00102767-00102955 Fits into all the inventory discussion, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00407-00102955-00103261 because Prashan asks, are we going +zLpHiYUXUuA-00408-00103261-00103421 to cover different inventory models, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00409-00103421-00103764 such as a smooth, lumpy, and erratic, intermittent demand, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00410-00103764-00103814 too. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00411-00103814-00104056 So these are more special circumstances +zLpHiYUXUuA-00412-00104056-00104244 that we have in inventory management. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00413-00104244-00104390 Will we cover that in the segments? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00414-00104390-00104672 Well, what Prashan's describing are not really +zLpHiYUXUuA-00415-00104672-00104761 inventory models. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00416-00104761-00104879 They're demand patterns. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00417-00104879-00104956 So yes, we will. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00418-00104956-00105211 We'll cover Croston's method, which really looks +zLpHiYUXUuA-00419-00105211-00105425 at if you have lumpy demand. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00420-00105425-00105599 And when you have lumpy demand-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00421-00105599-00105958 let's say if I have a parts replenishment. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00422-00105958-00106406 I give spare parts out to cars, or manufacturers +zLpHiYUXUuA-00423-00106406-00106517 might order from me. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00424-00106517-00106715 I might get an order occasionally, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00425-00106715-00106944 and the order might be of very different sizes. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00426-00106944-00107128 So if I look at just the average, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00427-00107128-00107386 it doesn't make sense, because there are a lot of time periods +zLpHiYUXUuA-00428-00107386-00107639 where there's no demand, but when it comes in, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00429-00107639-00107819 it might be a big burst. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00430-00107819-00108182 So when you have demand that's very sparse or very +zLpHiYUXUuA-00431-00108182-00108425 consolidated into bursts, then there's +zLpHiYUXUuA-00432-00108425-00108695 different methods you can do. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00433-00108695-00108958 What you'll see is the inventory model, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00434-00108958-00109226 and maybe this is what Prashan was getting at, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00435-00109226-00109643 is you use the inventory model that matches your demand +zLpHiYUXUuA-00436-00109643-00109745 distribution. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00437-00109745-00110141 So if demand is deterministic, there's no variability, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00438-00110141-00110330 then we have one set of models. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00439-00110330-00110717 If it's variable, and it's variable +zLpHiYUXUuA-00440-00110717-00110977 but it's deterministic, I mean, I +zLpHiYUXUuA-00441-00110977-00111240 know where it's going to change, I might use a different model. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00442-00111240-00111455 And so if it's very short period of time, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00443-00111455-00111603 I have a different set of models. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00444-00111603-00111941 So what you'll see is different inventory models +zLpHiYUXUuA-00445-00111941-00112240 are used based on the assumptions of the demand. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00446-00112240-00112357 Hopefully, that makes sense. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00447-00112357-00112534 It'll make more sense if you take SC1x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00448-00112534-00112775 We spend probably three weeks covering +zLpHiYUXUuA-00449-00112775-00112933 these different models. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00450-00112933-00113182 And perhaps a followup to that are we also using +zLpHiYUXUuA-00451-00113182-00113467 different distributions then? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00452-00113467-00113825 So Prashan also asks if we're going to use-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00453-00113825-00114206 I think he had a Poisson. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00454-00114206-00114351 Yeah. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00455-00114351-00114514 And negative binomials. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00456-00114514-00114724 Yeah, so the lion's share, to be honest, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00457-00114724-00115030 and most systems assume normal. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00458-00115030-00115197 We'll obviously cover normal. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00459-00115197-00115445 We'll cover Poisson. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00460-00115445-00115624 I won't go into lognormal. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00461-00115624-00115897 I'll hint at it, and there's different ways you can do it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00462-00115897-00116128 I won't go into any binomial, negative binomial. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00463-00116128-00116488 You can go truncated normals. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00464-00116488-00116784 The inventory modeling pool is very deep. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00465-00116784-00116980 And so there's a lot of depth you can go. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00466-00116980-00117217 We won't go into multi echelon inventory. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00467-00117217-00117394 We touch upon that in later courses. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00468-00117394-00117645 I think we touch it a little bit in SC2x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00469-00117645-00118008 That's a more advanced topic, but the concepts are all +zLpHiYUXUuA-00470-00118008-00118231 the same, and hopefully, the concepts of it, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00471-00118231-00118504 if you change the distribution, all that matters +zLpHiYUXUuA-00472-00118504-00118790 is how you figure out that probability of stocking up. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00473-00118790-00119008 That's the only thing that changes, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00474-00119008-00119266 whether it's a normal, whether it's triangle, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00475-00119266-00119409 whether it's Poisson. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00476-00119409-00119644 All you're doing is it's a different method +zLpHiYUXUuA-00477-00119644-00119910 you plug in to figure out your probability of stocking out +zLpHiYUXUuA-00478-00119910-00120181 or your expected number of units short. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00479-00120181-00120496 That's all that it is, and then it gets mathematical. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00480-00120496-00120691 But we cover most of that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00481-00120691-00120757 All right. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00482-00120757-00120930 Then in SC2x, it's all-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00483-00120930-00121177 if you like mixed integer linear programming, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00484-00121177-00121390 you will love SC2x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00485-00121390-00121567 It's all about design. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00486-00121567-00121719 SC2x is supply chain design. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00487-00121719-00121898 And there are three elements of the flows. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00488-00121898-00122146 You have the physical flow, the information flow, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00489-00122146-00122290 and the financial flow. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00490-00122290-00122446 And so the first half of the course +zLpHiYUXUuA-00491-00122446-00122689 is faced on the physical flow, and that's +zLpHiYUXUuA-00492-00122689-00123025 a network design, network flow analysis, channel design, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00493-00123025-00123389 how does product get from origin to final consumption. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00494-00123389-00123538 And so that includes where should I +zLpHiYUXUuA-00495-00123538-00123692 set up facilities, how many should it +zLpHiYUXUuA-00496-00123692-00124030 be, which facilities should serve which endpoints, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00497-00124030-00124209 how do you flow things through, and it's +zLpHiYUXUuA-00498-00124209-00124553 all a huge mixed integer linear program. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00499-00124553-00124794 And you'll get more skilled on the different techniques, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00500-00124794-00125146 because we go a little deeper than we did in SC0x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00501-00125146-00125593 In fact, we actually explained some things in Excel +zLpHiYUXUuA-00502-00125593-00125954 doing that because SC2x was the second course I created. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00503-00125954-00126203 And so you'll probably be able to do it, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00504-00126203-00126532 even easier if you've gotten comfortable with SAS or ample, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00505-00126532-00126616 to be honest. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00506-00126616-00126896 But I show things in Excel, because I blow up +zLpHiYUXUuA-00507-00126896-00127264 the constraint matrix, because to me, that's how I learned. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00508-00127264-00127424 I learned doing it by hand. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00509-00127424-00127756 And so hopefully, when we go into the details, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00510-00127756-00127948 looking at it in the constrained matrix, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00511-00127948-00128085 that will make more sense to you. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00512-00128085-00128256 But we go into a lot of depth there +zLpHiYUXUuA-00513-00128256-00128533 in mixing integer programming for aggregate scheduling +zLpHiYUXUuA-00514-00128533-00128760 production planning and a lot of different things. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00515-00128760-00129119 We also-- we'll go into finance and other areas. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00516-00129119-00129261 But they're not as model based. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00517-00129261-00129556 And SC2x is kind of like the keystone course. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00518-00129556-00129757 Everything prior to that, 0 and 1, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00519-00129757-00130051 is all very mathematical modeling, halfway through, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00520-00130051-00130316 and then we start getting more qualitative. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00521-00130316-00130507 So we go into the financial aspects, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00522-00130507-00130835 we go into procurement, some other different things. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00523-00130835-00131305 In SC3x, we get in, and the big focus there is we +zLpHiYUXUuA-00524-00131305-00131527 now introduce exogenous factors. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00525-00131527-00131728 Say, OK, here's what the model says, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00526-00131728-00132001 but you've got these state regulations, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00527-00132001-00132166 or you've got a border, or you've +zLpHiYUXUuA-00528-00132166-00132521 got uncertainty this is coming in, so a disruption. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00529-00132521-00132902 So how does the real world influence your models. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00530-00132902-00133195 So we'll introduce system dynamics, which +zLpHiYUXUuA-00531-00133195-00133504 is a mathematical simulation technique that I thought +zLpHiYUXUuA-00532-00133504-00133852 about putting into to 0, but I think it belonged closer +zLpHiYUXUuA-00533-00133852-00133993 to the application. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00534-00133993-00134335 And so system dynamics is an interesting technique. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00535-00134335-00134602 It helps you understand the dynamics of a system, how +zLpHiYUXUuA-00536-00134602-00134834 different entities interact with each other, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00537-00134834-00135100 because that's what the supply chain is. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00538-00135100-00135362 We'll get into risk contracts, you know. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00539-00135362-00135820 So if I have a supplier and say, a manufacturing retailer, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00540-00135820-00136270 and how do they share the risk between how much they order, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00541-00136270-00136441 and for that, we'll leverage some +zLpHiYUXUuA-00542-00136441-00136741 of the stuff we did in SC1x called the news vendor problem. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00543-00136741-00136921 And that will leverage things that you just +zLpHiYUXUuA-00544-00136921-00137350 learned in SC0x, which is probability distributions +zLpHiYUXUuA-00545-00137350-00137616 and unconstrained optimization. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00546-00137616-00138100 SC4x is now we're going to large scale things, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00547-00138100-00138394 and so the big learning from SC4x +zLpHiYUXUuA-00548-00138394-00138631 is how to do this analysis in practice. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00549-00138631-00138892 So instead of doing things just in a spreadsheet, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00550-00138892-00139030 you've got to use SQL. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00551-00139030-00139202 So you have a relational database. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00552-00139202-00139408 So we spend a lot of time understanding +zLpHiYUXUuA-00553-00139408-00139576 why you use relational databases, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00554-00139576-00140032 how to use relational database, because if you get in real life +zLpHiYUXUuA-00555-00140032-00140281 and in real research projects, you'll +zLpHiYUXUuA-00556-00140281-00140602 have millions of records, that even though Excel can handle +zLpHiYUXUuA-00557-00140602-00140771 a lot, it doesn't make sense. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00558-00140771-00141052 There's other tools, and so MySQL, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00559-00141052-00141382 we use that to help you understand how you can handle +zLpHiYUXUuA-00560-00141382-00141745 large scale data, and then also, machine learning, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00561-00141745-00141907 which is kind of, again, something +zLpHiYUXUuA-00562-00141907-00142156 we thought about teaching in 0x, but I think it really +zLpHiYUXUuA-00563-00142156-00142350 hits home when you see the problem +zLpHiYUXUuA-00564-00142350-00142561 of having massive datasets. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00565-00142561-00142735 So kind of in the very last course, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00566-00142735-00143050 we introduce some new math again, but prior to that, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00567-00143050-00143221 you're really using only the stuff +zLpHiYUXUuA-00568-00143221-00143432 that you've learned so far. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00569-00143432-00143833 So SC0x is really setting you up and providing you a foundation +zLpHiYUXUuA-00570-00143833-00143995 for all the SCx courses. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00571-00143995-00144175 Think of it as a tool box. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00572-00144175-00144346 So now you've got all these tools, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00573-00144346-00144565 and you will use all of them throughout your course, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00574-00144565-00144840 not all at the same time, but it's very-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00575-00144840-00145036 I think it's very useful for you to know what's +zLpHiYUXUuA-00576-00145036-00145300 in your tool box, so when you see a problem, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00577-00145300-00145549 you say, you know, that looks like an optimization problem, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00578-00145549-00145763 or that might be best solved by simulation, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00579-00145763-00145909 because what you'll see in practice +zLpHiYUXUuA-00580-00145909-00146149 and in research, the same problem +zLpHiYUXUuA-00581-00146149-00146390 can be approached by many different techniques. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00582-00146390-00146578 And so you've got to pick the one that you're +zLpHiYUXUuA-00583-00146578-00146968 comfortable with and you think gives you the best answer. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00584-00146968-00147028 Make sense? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00585-00147028-00147082 Absolutely. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00586-00147082-00147232 Thank you, Chris. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00587-00147232-00147511 So we have a couple of questions from our learners +zLpHiYUXUuA-00588-00147511-00148006 that are getting more thumbs up, and they all circle +zLpHiYUXUuA-00589-00148006-00148381 around how do we use this methods in practice. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00590-00148381-00148594 So Mo, for example, asks many concepts +zLpHiYUXUuA-00591-00148594-00148834 have been covered during SC0x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00592-00148834-00149161 I can't imagine how to use these models and methods in real life +zLpHiYUXUuA-00593-00149161-00149272 supply chains. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00594-00149272-00149536 The other-- Sahil is asking that this +zLpHiYUXUuA-00595-00149536-00149863 was a great course with lots of problems, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00596-00149863-00150259 lots of practical problems, whether the other courses have +zLpHiYUXUuA-00597-00150259-00150700 similar practical components, are they practically related, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00598-00150700-00150914 and a third one that I just saw is +zLpHiYUXUuA-00599-00150914-00151156 we've gained a good knowledge of on SC0x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00600-00151156-00151357 My question here is how to get the most +zLpHiYUXUuA-00601-00151357-00151664 benefit possible of implementing some of these concepts. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00602-00151664-00151810 So for me there are two components. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00603-00151810-00151866 OK. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00604-00151866-00152215 One is how does that relate to further courses, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00605-00152215-00152443 because we are setting the stage for further courses. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00606-00152443-00152827 I think you have covered that already. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00607-00152827-00153187 The other question is how does that help me in practice. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00608-00153187-00153237 Yeah. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00609-00153237-00153485 And so I'm going to do some examples here. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00610-00153485-00153730 But it depends where you are. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00611-00153730-00154023 I mean to be honest, if you're in a planning group, which +zLpHiYUXUuA-00612-00154023-00154219 a lot of our graduates go into planning groups, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00613-00154219-00154414 whether you're doing demand planning, inventory +zLpHiYUXUuA-00614-00154414-00154738 planning, procurement, where you're doing more +zLpHiYUXUuA-00615-00154738-00155032 strategic kind of analysis. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00616-00155032-00155257 You will use a lot of these techniques. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00617-00155257-00155623 If you're in demand planning, you will use regression. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00618-00155623-00156061 You will use some kind of stochastic modeling +zLpHiYUXUuA-00619-00156061-00156176 without a doubt. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00620-00156176-00156482 If you are in procurement, you're using optimization. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00621-00156482-00156637 It might be hidden, because you might +zLpHiYUXUuA-00622-00156637-00156988 be using a system like Ariba or other systems that +zLpHiYUXUuA-00623-00156988-00157069 are out there. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00624-00157069-00157408 But underlying, you'll know that there's an optimization model, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00625-00157408-00157620 and that's the big thing. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00626-00157620-00157819 What a lot of students complain about sometimes +zLpHiYUXUuA-00627-00157819-00158170 is like, why do I need to learn this math if I've got software +zLpHiYUXUuA-00628-00158170-00158344 that can do it for me. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00629-00158344-00158566 There have been-- there's just so +zLpHiYUXUuA-00630-00158566-00158938 many cases where people think software is magic, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00631-00158938-00159383 and it has limitations of what you can and can't do. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00632-00159383-00159586 And so I think it's exceptionally important, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00633-00159586-00159844 and that's my hallmark here is to make sure you +zLpHiYUXUuA-00634-00159844-00160036 understand the fundamentals. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00635-00160036-00160240 We're not going to teach you necessarily +zLpHiYUXUuA-00636-00160240-00160486 how to use each software tool. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00637-00160486-00160654 We do some in recitations. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00638-00160654-00160991 But all of them sit on the same fundamentals. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00639-00160991-00161264 And as long as you know those fundamentals, in my opinion, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00640-00161264-00161497 it's easier to use one or the other +zLpHiYUXUuA-00641-00161497-00161725 when you understand the strengths, the weaknesses, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00642-00161725-00162064 the limitations of each of these methodologies. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00643-00162064-00162274 So that's why we always go to fundamentals +zLpHiYUXUuA-00644-00162274-00162679 if you want to learn just how to use a certain software, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00645-00162679-00162865 go to YouTube. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00646-00162865-00163106 My gosh, I use that if I want to brush up on something, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00647-00163106-00163522 find a video of someone entering something into SAS or into SAP +zLpHiYUXUuA-00648-00163522-00163720 or to CPLEX, and you'll learn that, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00649-00163720-00163975 but it's dangerous, because you need +zLpHiYUXUuA-00650-00163975-00164335 to understand what things you're standing, on what assumptions +zLpHiYUXUuA-00651-00164335-00164701 you're making when you use that software. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00652-00164701-00164788 OK. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00653-00164788-00165184 So to add some of the practicability of our methods, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00654-00165184-00165768 we have prepared a couple of problems from practice, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00655-00165768-00165988 and I suggest we go just step by step through them. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00656-00165988-00166121 Yeah, sure. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00657-00166121-00166363 So I picked these-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00658-00166363-00166413 Right. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00659-00166413-00166541 We don't-- OK. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00660-00166541-00166991 So what we want to do is we want to present the problem to you +zLpHiYUXUuA-00661-00166991-00167273 and then ask you with a quick poll of how +zLpHiYUXUuA-00662-00167273-00167389 you want to solve them. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00663-00167389-00167807 So dip into the tool belt, and think about well, how would I +zLpHiYUXUuA-00664-00167807-00168011 approach that, which method do you +zLpHiYUXUuA-00665-00168011-00168406 think is most appropriate to solve the problem. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00666-00168406-00168695 And I will open that first poll for the first problem, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00667-00168695-00168890 and you can-- while Chris is presenting it, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00668-00168890-00169151 you can think about how I would tackle that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00669-00169151-00169232 Perfect. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00670-00169232-00169472 All right, so I pick these problems, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00671-00169472-00169652 because these are actually mainly based +zLpHiYUXUuA-00672-00169652-00169994 on work that I've done with companies here, while at MIT. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00673-00169994-00170276 Some resulted in capstone or thesis projects. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00674-00170276-00170616 But every one of them has a company sponsor. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00675-00170616-00170867 So the first one-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00676-00170867-00171039 you want me to just-- you got it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00677-00171039-00171120 OK. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00678-00171120-00171366 Is with a company called CH Robinson. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00679-00171366-00171688 And it's level of service, LOS versus price. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00680-00171688-00171897 And so you can read it, but let me just paraphrase +zLpHiYUXUuA-00681-00171897-00172062 while you're reading along. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00682-00172062-00172350 The situation is that CH Robinson is actually +zLpHiYUXUuA-00683-00172350-00172644 the country's, probably world's largest freight brokerage +zLpHiYUXUuA-00684-00172644-00172725 company. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00685-00172725-00173016 A brokerage company is simply a middleman or a third party +zLpHiYUXUuA-00686-00173016-00173277 between a shipper, someone who has goods to move, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00687-00173277-00173524 and a carrier, so that's someone with a truck. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00688-00173524-00173918 Right, and so they broker the relationship. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00689-00173918-00174195 Sometimes they're called a 3PL or a third party logistics +zLpHiYUXUuA-00690-00174195-00174281 provider. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00691-00174281-00174443 I'll just use brokerage. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00692-00174443-00174645 And one of the lines of business for CHR +zLpHiYUXUuA-00693-00174645-00174840 is that they will completely outsource +zLpHiYUXUuA-00694-00174840-00175077 the management of the transportation department. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00695-00175077-00175467 And so in this role they will select which truckload carriers +zLpHiYUXUuA-00696-00175467-00175926 to use, and they will actually operate that on a daily basis. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00697-00175926-00176199 When they make the selection of which carrier to use, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00698-00176199-00176448 they typically make it some kind of trade-off. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00699-00176448-00176727 Whenever you hear trade-off, you think optimization, right, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00700-00176727-00176883 between price that they have to pay +zLpHiYUXUuA-00701-00176883-00177060 the carrier and the level of service +zLpHiYUXUuA-00702-00177060-00177220 they are going to provide. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00703-00177220-00177543 And so level of service is one of those squishy things +zLpHiYUXUuA-00704-00177543-00177808 that means different things to different people. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00705-00177808-00178158 But in this case, it meant a combination of on time delivery +zLpHiYUXUuA-00706-00178158-00178593 on time pickup, the transit time, the acceptance ratio, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00707-00178593-00178851 the damage ratio, all these kind of things. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00708-00178851-00179166 Acceptance ratio in truckload trucking is this. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00709-00179166-00179527 If I offer a load to a carrier, and they reject it, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00710-00179527-00179701 then that dings against them. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00711-00179701-00179970 And so I look at that percentage that they accept. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00712-00179970-00180169 Contracts in the US are a little weird. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00713-00180169-00180492 So acceptance ratios can be like 90%, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00714-00180492-00180747 but if it starts dipping low, then that's a problem, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00715-00180747-00181014 because then the shipper or the broker in this case +zLpHiYUXUuA-00716-00181014-00181210 has to go and find another carrier. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00717-00181210-00181558 So you try to keep the acceptance ratio very high. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00718-00181558-00181926 You want a carrier to accept all the loads offered to them. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00719-00181926-00182329 And remember, I don't think I talk about truckload carriers-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00720-00182329-00182538 I might a little bit when I do the transportation +zLpHiYUXUuA-00721-00182538-00182673 approximations. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00722-00182673-00183033 Truckload carriers, as opposed to less than truckload, right, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00723-00183033-00183301 or parcel, go from point to point. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00724-00183301-00183447 So a truckload carrier will pick up +zLpHiYUXUuA-00725-00183447-00183639 a load from this manufacturing plant +zLpHiYUXUuA-00726-00183639-00183813 and go deliver straight to a customer's +zLpHiYUXUuA-00727-00183813-00184005 DC, or distribution center. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00728-00184005-00184267 So they go point to point, like a taxicab, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00729-00184267-00184422 as opposed to something that picks up +zLpHiYUXUuA-00730-00184422-00184656 a lot of smaller loads, consolidates, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00731-00184656-00184827 and delivers that way. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00732-00184827-00184969 That's more like a bus. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00733-00184969-00185208 So we're focused on truckload trucking. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00734-00185208-00185492 So CHR does this for a bunch of companies. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00735-00185492-00185617 And they came with a question. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00736-00185617-00185934 And they said, basically, does level of service +zLpHiYUXUuA-00737-00185934-00186414 have any relation to the cost, so the amount that I pay. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00738-00186414-00186639 Because it seems an intuitive thing, if you pay more, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00739-00186639-00186756 you get more. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00740-00186756-00186996 And so that's the question, and say, you know, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00741-00186996-00187158 should we pay more for better service, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00742-00187158-00187377 do we get better service if we pay more, what +zLpHiYUXUuA-00743-00187377-00187509 drives that level of service. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00744-00187509-00187779 Is there something that we can do +zLpHiYUXUuA-00745-00187779-00188016 to improve the level of service that carriers +zLpHiYUXUuA-00746-00188016-00188371 provide us or reduces the cost? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00747-00188371-00188511 So that's the question. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00748-00188511-00188652 So how are we doing? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00749-00188652-00188913 Well, we have about 20 answers. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00750-00188913-00189026 People are still digesting. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00751-00189026-00189132 Oh, come on, you guys. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00752-00189132-00189376 You got to make decisions. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00753-00189376-00190074 But I think some of them have an initial intuition that maybe it +zLpHiYUXUuA-00754-00190074-00190365 is a constrained optimization problem. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00755-00190365-00190746 So you set up an LP or a mixed [INAUDIBLE] LP, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00756-00190746-00191172 or that it may be more something for regression. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00757-00191172-00191433 Think about how different factors +zLpHiYUXUuA-00758-00191433-00191787 that you were talking about to influence the price. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00759-00191787-00191982 So unfortunately, you guys missed them. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00760-00191982-00192279 Only 11% are saying the biggest thing, large scale data +zLpHiYUXUuA-00761-00192279-00192506 analysis, because we were doing a project-- now +zLpHiYUXUuA-00762-00192506-00192573 this is ongoing. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00763-00192573-00192753 We've had a series of projects with CHR. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00764-00192753-00192993 We're doing one right now, looking specifically +zLpHiYUXUuA-00765-00192993-00193374 at the impact of lead time and level of service, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00766-00193374-00193626 and it's massive amounts of records, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00767-00193626-00193842 and so when you-- and the interesting thing, this +zLpHiYUXUuA-00768-00193842-00194166 will be in practice, you'll get data from multiple sources, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00769-00194166-00194538 merging that data, cleaning the data, explaining what the heck +zLpHiYUXUuA-00770-00194538-00194845 they meant with different fields, that's a big time job. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00771-00194845-00195012 I have two students working on this now, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00772-00195012-00195270 and it's taken them weeks to try to understand and get +zLpHiYUXUuA-00773-00195270-00195433 the clean data set. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00774-00195433-00195603 So before I can do any of the analysis +zLpHiYUXUuA-00775-00195603-00195840 that we've done in this course, you've +zLpHiYUXUuA-00776-00195840-00196113 got to make sure the dataset's clean, pristine, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00777-00196113-00196329 and you understand everything that's there. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00778-00196329-00196587 The way we're handling this is mainly going to be regression. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00779-00196587-00196829 I threw a red herring, if you know what that means, when +zLpHiYUXUuA-00780-00196829-00196995 I talked about optimization. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00781-00196995-00197256 But really, what you're doing is you're saying OK, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00782-00197256-00197549 my dependent variable here was cost, cost per load, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00783-00197549-00197907 and my independent variables were the origin region, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00784-00197907-00198297 the destination region, the distance, and then possibly +zLpHiYUXUuA-00785-00198297-00198504 level of service. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00786-00198504-00198795 We also did a series of models, using regression, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00787-00198795-00198987 but it's a different type of regression +zLpHiYUXUuA-00788-00198987-00199292 that looked at the probability that a carrier accepted a load +zLpHiYUXUuA-00789-00199292-00199431 or not, zero one. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00790-00199431-00199581 It's called the binary logit model. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00791-00199581-00199797 It's a little more advanced, but it's a regression. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00792-00199797-00199881 It's the same thing. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00793-00199881-00200016 I have a dependent variable. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00794-00200016-00200241 It just happens to be a 0 or 1. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00795-00200241-00200370 We talked about that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00796-00200370-00200642 Right, so I can't use just ordinary least squares, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00797-00200642-00200825 a slightly different technique, and what +zLpHiYUXUuA-00798-00200825-00201240 factors influenced that a carrier would accept it or not. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00799-00201240-00201467 So we tried to quantify that, and then we +zLpHiYUXUuA-00800-00201467-00201896 used hypothesis testing to see if I have a low cost carrier +zLpHiYUXUuA-00801-00201896-00202082 versus high cost carriers. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00802-00202082-00202220 Is there a substantial difference +zLpHiYUXUuA-00803-00202220-00202382 in their level of service. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00804-00202382-00202650 The punchline is, and this was a surprise to everyone, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00805-00202650-00203144 but we've repeated this results in a lot of different examples, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00806-00203144-00203517 is that level of service and price are not correlated. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00807-00203517-00203738 So paying more doesn't necessarily +zLpHiYUXUuA-00808-00203738-00204046 mean you're going to get better service in truckload trucking. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00809-00204046-00204246 What we found, the interesting insight, and this +zLpHiYUXUuA-00810-00204246-00204431 is why research is so much fun, we +zLpHiYUXUuA-00811-00204431-00204680 found that some of the best performing carriers +zLpHiYUXUuA-00812-00204680-00204833 were the cheapest ones. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00813-00204833-00205160 And to understand why that is, you have to take SC1x, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00814-00205160-00205319 but I'll give you the hint. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00815-00205319-00205757 They tended to be smaller, regional faced carriers +zLpHiYUXUuA-00816-00205757-00205915 that operated within a certain region, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00817-00205915-00206090 instead of what's known as nationals +zLpHiYUXUuA-00818-00206090-00206262 that are operating everywhere. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00819-00206262-00206669 And so what we found is some of these smaller regional carriers +zLpHiYUXUuA-00820-00206669-00206992 offered better service, because they were CH Robinson, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00821-00206992-00207269 or the shipper was a bigger piece of their business, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00822-00207269-00207701 and they tended to operate on a known set, smaller +zLpHiYUXUuA-00823-00207701-00208011 area of the network, and they were working +zLpHiYUXUuA-00824-00208011-00208123 with a very large customer. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00825-00208123-00208436 The nationals, they have to operate everywhere, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00826-00208436-00208665 so they tend to be more expensive, because they +zLpHiYUXUuA-00827-00208665-00208832 have to cover a lot of holes where there +zLpHiYUXUuA-00828-00208832-00209173 isn't a lot of traffic, and their level of service +zLpHiYUXUuA-00829-00209173-00209419 is not as great. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00830-00209419-00209621 So it was kind of an interesting analysis, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00831-00209621-00209825 and we've done this in a bunch of different ways, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00832-00209825-00210285 to understand different factors that influence the cost. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00833-00210285-00210680 You also have to build more of a geographic or a spatial model +zLpHiYUXUuA-00834-00210680-00210946 to understand that if I leave from origin A +zLpHiYUXUuA-00835-00210946-00211292 to B, that's not going to be the same cost as if I leave from B +zLpHiYUXUuA-00836-00211292-00211642 and go to A. That's something we'll talk about SC2x +zLpHiYUXUuA-00837-00211642-00211829 when we talk about network design, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00838-00211829-00212006 because what we found is-- and this +zLpHiYUXUuA-00839-00212006-00212271 is pretty well known in the industry, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00840-00212271-00212444 the it's not symmetric. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00841-00212444-00212583 The cost of going from-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00842-00212583-00212783 I always use this example in the United States-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00843-00212783-00213284 Chicago to Miami is not the same as going from Miami to Chicago. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00844-00213284-00213584 And we'll talk much more about that in SC1x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00845-00213584-00213896 Very interesting results there. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00846-00213896-00214358 So you've related that problem to SC1x and SC2x +zLpHiYUXUuA-00847-00214358-00214621 for transportation network design. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00848-00214621-00215012 Is there also a course that talks +zLpHiYUXUuA-00849-00215012-00215317 about how to manage big data? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00850-00215317-00215465 Do we touch that at some point? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00851-00215465-00215544 We do a little bit. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00852-00215544-00215629 SC4x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00853-00215629-00216065 SC4x, we cover it, but we do enough to make +zLpHiYUXUuA-00854-00216065-00216377 sure you understand how the big systems and supply chains work. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00855-00216377-00216884 There are some great data analysis courses on edX. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00856-00216884-00217079 A new micro masters is coming out +zLpHiYUXUuA-00857-00217079-00217556 from our IDSS that is going to be specifically +zLpHiYUXUuA-00858-00217556-00217806 on large scale data analysis. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00859-00217806-00218075 So there are other very specialized courses, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00860-00218075-00218344 where you can go much deeper into the math for these, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00861-00218344-00218556 but we cover some of this in SC4x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00862-00218556-00218606 OK. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00863-00218606-00219059 So I think that was one question that came up, particularly +zLpHiYUXUuA-00864-00219059-00219409 because that's a hip topic, and everybody thinks about it, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00865-00219409-00219598 and students probably want to know more. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00866-00219598-00219761 So we're doing a little bit about that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00867-00219761-00219811 Yeah. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00868-00219811-00219996 Yeah, we cover that in-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00869-00219996-00220226 so here's the thing, all the techniques you've learned, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00870-00220226-00220492 and when we do data characterisation, that's +zLpHiYUXUuA-00871-00220492-00220607 big data analytics. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00872-00220607-00220877 Just have to be able to do it outside of Excel. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00873-00220877-00221141 So the concepts are the same. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00874-00221141-00221360 Now machine learning is a different animal, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00875-00221360-00221738 and so that's different, because that's where-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00876-00221738-00222110 you know, when we do regression, hopefully we +zLpHiYUXUuA-00877-00222110-00222488 made the point that correlation does not mean causation, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00878-00222488-00222632 but that you want a story. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00879-00222632-00222764 I kind of stress this. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00880-00222764-00222967 So we did something where we did-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00881-00222967-00223163 I think I did a truckload pricing, right, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00882-00223163-00223469 cost is a function of distance, all these other things. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00883-00223469-00223766 And so they had to make sense. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00884-00223766-00223969 I couldn't make my independent variable +zLpHiYUXUuA-00885-00223969-00224306 be the color of the trailer, and you +zLpHiYUXUuA-00886-00224306-00224675 know, or the number of the last digit on the license plate, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00887-00224675-00224992 because let's say there's a correlation there. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00888-00224992-00225131 What am I going to do with that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00889-00225131-00225294 Machine learning is just the opposite. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00890-00225294-00225383 They don't care. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00891-00225383-00225509 You just find correlations. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00892-00225509-00225680 Just you're hunting for correlations, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00893-00225680-00225834 and there's a lot of great techniques +zLpHiYUXUuA-00894-00225834-00226019 and it uncovers things, whether you're +zLpHiYUXUuA-00895-00226019-00226175 supervised or unsupervised. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00896-00226175-00226556 So SC4x is a good course that'll cover some of this, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00897-00226556-00226715 and it's a nice launchpad for you +zLpHiYUXUuA-00898-00226715-00227057 if you want to go deep, because, again, just like inventory +zLpHiYUXUuA-00899-00227057-00227375 theory, machine learning is a deep pool, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00900-00227375-00227681 and the math gets really tricky, really deep, really fast. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00901-00227681-00227941 And lots of different ways to do it, too, right. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00902-00227941-00227991 Right. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00903-00227991-00228158 So there are so many different methods +zLpHiYUXUuA-00904-00228158-00228354 to apply machine learning is such a big pool. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00905-00228354-00228608 Yeah, but you can-- so supervised machine learning-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00906-00228608-00228866 regression is supervised machine learning. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00907-00228866-00229124 So you know, a lot of it's just the names, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00908-00229124-00229316 the labels put on it, but it is a great field, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00909-00229316-00229516 and it's really expanding what we can do. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00910-00229516-00229757 So we'll move to the second problem. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00911-00229757-00230161 I will open up a new poll, and while you're presenting +zLpHiYUXUuA-00912-00230161-00230612 we'll see how students think about that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00913-00230612-00230917 So this is a problem we did with Starbucks about two years back, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00914-00230917-00231495 and this is based on a thesis by [INAUDIBLE]---- +zLpHiYUXUuA-00915-00231495-00231744 "Efficient Supply Chain Design for Highly Perishable Foods." +zLpHiYUXUuA-00916-00231744-00231998 So this is based with Starbucks, and hopefully everybody's +zLpHiYUXUuA-00917-00231998-00232078 heard of Starbucks. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00918-00232078-00232190 I think they're everywhere. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00919-00232190-00232369 They're in Italy now. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00920-00232369-00232504 Quick service restaurant. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00921-00232504-00232705 They mainly service coffee. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00922-00232705-00233009 I mean, they're a coffee shop, but they do other things. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00923-00233009-00233317 But they replenish each store daily from a regional DC +zLpHiYUXUuA-00924-00233317-00233638 and RDC, using a third party distribution company, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00925-00233638-00233821 usually between like 10:00 at night +zLpHiYUXUuA-00926-00233821-00234155 and 4:00 in the morning, when it's closed. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00927-00234155-00234321 But in addition to selling coffee, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00928-00234321-00234648 they've started selling fresh food, not just, you know, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00929-00234648-00234894 stuff that's frozen, but actually freshly +zLpHiYUXUuA-00930-00234894-00235096 produced each day, because they're finding, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00931-00235096-00235293 they want to get more into the afternoon. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00932-00235293-00235435 They want to have like lunch meals +zLpHiYUXUuA-00933-00235435-00235816 and not just be a morning breakfast place. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00934-00235816-00236132 And so the fresh foods are made by a third party. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00935-00236132-00236248 They don't do it themselves. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00936-00236248-00236680 They have different companies located around their network, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00937-00236680-00236896 and they make these sandwiches. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00938-00236896-00237217 These stores will send an order in the afternoon. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00939-00237217-00237444 It gets assembled by, I think, like 8:00 at night. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00940-00237444-00237737 By midnight, it's ready to be distributed. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00941-00237737-00237994 And it has to get to the stores on a daily basis. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00942-00237994-00238315 And so right now, the fresh food component +zLpHiYUXUuA-00943-00238315-00238633 is very small compared to the other products, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00944-00238633-00238813 right, but the question is-- that Starbucks +zLpHiYUXUuA-00945-00238813-00239287 had is how do I flow this fresh food products to its stores? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00946-00239287-00239573 Should I have the supplier, the company +zLpHiYUXUuA-00947-00239573-00239815 that's making these sandwiches and assembling them, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00948-00239815-00240073 should they send it straight from its plant to the Starbucks +zLpHiYUXUuA-00949-00240073-00240364 DC, then it gets combined with the other things getting +zLpHiYUXUuA-00950-00240364-00240498 distributed? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00951-00240498-00240817 Should the supplier send it directly to each of the stores? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00952-00240817-00241171 Should they consider-- when do they consider one distribution +zLpHiYUXUuA-00953-00241171-00241328 channel versus another? +zLpHiYUXUuA-00954-00241328-00241546 So this is the question that Starbucks had, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00955-00241546-00242116 how do I get my fresh food to the stores daily, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00956-00242116-00242517 as efficiently as possible, so that's the question. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00957-00242517-00242935 That's the question, and people are starting to think about it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00958-00242935-00243375 I think we give them perhaps one or two seconds, 16 answers +zLpHiYUXUuA-00959-00243375-00243542 and counting, hopefully. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00960-00243542-00243713 Counting. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00961-00243713-00243863 And so one of the skills, hopefully, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00962-00243863-00244160 you'll learn by doing this is yeah, you have the tools, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00963-00244160-00244448 and I am glad you guys asked the questions when do you use which +zLpHiYUXUuA-00964-00244448-00244781 tool, because that's-- part of the thing is first identifying +zLpHiYUXUuA-00965-00244781-00244931 what the problem is. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00966-00244931-00245238 The second is adding how should I approach the problem. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00967-00245238-00245589 The third is how do I actually solve it, what data do I need, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00968-00245589-00245723 what techniques do I need. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00969-00245723-00245917 So it's kind of steps, identifying +zLpHiYUXUuA-00970-00245917-00246210 what is the problem, what class of problem is it, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00971-00246210-00246398 and then what do I need to actually solve it, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00972-00246398-00246597 because a lot of times you'll identify something +zLpHiYUXUuA-00973-00246597-00246791 say that's an optimization problem, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00974-00246791-00246927 but the data doesn't support it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00975-00246927-00247119 You don't have the data to be able to do that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00976-00247119-00247317 So you've got to find a different approach. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00977-00247317-00247580 And that's why I covered some of those approximation techniques +zLpHiYUXUuA-00978-00247580-00247802 early on in the first half of the course. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00979-00247802-00248031 So 33 answers right now. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00980-00248031-00248342 Constrained optimization is in the lead. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00981-00248342-00248750 So they want to set up a network design problem, I would say, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00982-00248750-00248963 and then there is a second group that is perhaps +zLpHiYUXUuA-00983-00248963-00249233 more concerned about the size of the problem, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00984-00249233-00249519 so they are thinking about algorithms and approximations +zLpHiYUXUuA-00985-00249519-00249773 here and simulations perhaps. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00986-00249773-00249823 Yes. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00987-00249823-00250160 So they-- what we developed was a total cost +zLpHiYUXUuA-00988-00250160-00250688 model of how much time it takes for product to flow, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00989-00250688-00251000 and if it went on one vehicle versus another, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00990-00251000-00251153 and what they found is it's really +zLpHiYUXUuA-00991-00251153-00251439 a function of how much is flowing through the system, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00992-00251439-00251840 so currently, it makes sense, if they were going to deliver +zLpHiYUXUuA-00993-00251840-00252029 straight from that food production plant +zLpHiYUXUuA-00994-00252029-00252209 to each of the stores themselves, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00995-00252209-00252384 they'd have to do a multi stop. +zLpHiYUXUuA-00996-00252384-00252539 They'd have to go to multiple stores, +zLpHiYUXUuA-00997-00252539-00252878 like 15 different stores, to have enough to fill a truck +zLpHiYUXUuA-00998-00252878-00253232 to justify that route, so initially, it probably +zLpHiYUXUuA-00999-00253232-00253652 made sense to go deliver all the fresh food to the Starbucks +zLpHiYUXUuA-01000-00253652-00253940 DC, which adds time, right, and then +zLpHiYUXUuA-01001-00253940-00254501 it gets added on to the other standard deliveries. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01002-00254501-00254780 What that does is that almost adds a day, right, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01003-00254780-00254975 and so what we found out, what we could do, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01004-00254975-00255284 you could try to see can we shift the time, when they start +zLpHiYUXUuA-01005-00255284-00255629 at 8:00 and finish by midnight, can they start at say 4:00 +zLpHiYUXUuA-01006-00255629-00255908 and finish by 8:00, and then we can combine them +zLpHiYUXUuA-01007-00255908-00256104 with that same day. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01008-00256104-00256325 So the challenge they found, once they understood +zLpHiYUXUuA-01009-00256325-00256946 the trade offs was that if I piggyback off the existing +zLpHiYUXUuA-01010-00256946-00257279 deliveries coming in for all the other product, I lose a day. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01011-00257279-00257642 If I go directly, I gain a day, but it's more expensive. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01012-00257642-00257936 And so they did do a constrained optimization, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01013-00257936-00258353 and they actually used some approximations, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01014-00258353-00258608 and so what are we doing here? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01015-00258608-00258825 It's the same approximations that you did. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01016-00258825-00259040 So they're going to a number of stores +zLpHiYUXUuA-01017-00259040-00259319 in a set area of a density of a set density, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01018-00259319-00259560 in Boston is where we did the analysis. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01019-00259560-00259898 So you don't know exactly which routing they're going to use. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01020-00259898-00260058 So you don't use an exact algorithm. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01021-00260058-00260214 You use an approximation. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01022-00260214-00260612 So if I know I have to deliver to 20 stores within this 10 +zLpHiYUXUuA-01023-00260612-00260864 mile area, I know the density. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01024-00260864-00261169 I can figure out the expected local distance. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01025-00261169-00261308 I can figure that cost. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01026-00261308-00261575 So what we did is we used an approximation +zLpHiYUXUuA-01027-00261575-00261892 of the local delivery cost to make that trade off of +zLpHiYUXUuA-01028-00261892-00262130 do I go through existing channel, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01029-00262130-00262415 or do I do a direct fresh channel. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01030-00262415-00262694 And so they found that the current situation +zLpHiYUXUuA-01031-00262694-00263042 for the sample, the pilot that we looked at, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01032-00263042-00263228 it made sense to piggyback. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01033-00263228-00263520 However, as the volume increased, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01034-00263520-00263711 there's a tipping point, when it made sense +zLpHiYUXUuA-01035-00263711-00263921 to go direct to stores with the fresh food. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01036-00263921-00264243 And so we're able to identify how to find that tipping point +zLpHiYUXUuA-01037-00264243-00264504 and when that would happen, because that helps planners. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01038-00264504-00264782 Right, I can start saying, OK, my forecasters say, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01039-00264782-00265130 you know what, forecast, again, a technique for regression, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01040-00265130-00265334 I'm seeing demand increased like this. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01041-00265334-00265547 So therefore I can play an 18 months out +zLpHiYUXUuA-01042-00265547-00265793 I'm probably going to need to have a different distribution +zLpHiYUXUuA-01043-00265793-00265949 model, maybe go direct. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01044-00265949-00266358 So what this pilot, this thesis was able to do, was help them, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01045-00266358-00266819 one, quantify very quickly, what parameters +zLpHiYUXUuA-01046-00266819-00267137 are driving the decision of whether to go direct +zLpHiYUXUuA-01047-00267137-00267383 or to piggyback off of existing, and then, too, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01048-00267383-00267815 what signs to look for to know when you want to make a switch. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01049-00267815-00268000 I'm trying to think what else we did there. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01050-00268000-00268091 I think that was mainly it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01051-00268091-00268175 It was a fun project. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01052-00268175-00268333 It was really nice, and we developed-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01053-00268333-00268439 it was all in Excel. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01054-00268439-00268706 This was totally in Excel, and we handed the project, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01055-00268706-00268929 the spreadsheet off to them, where +zLpHiYUXUuA-01056-00268929-00269159 they can make this decision very quickly, just changing +zLpHiYUXUuA-01057-00269159-00269289 some parameters. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01058-00269289-00269531 The other thing we can do is we can play with this +zLpHiYUXUuA-01059-00269531-00269897 and say OK, what if situations change, what if the density +zLpHiYUXUuA-01060-00269897-00270236 changes, what if the value of the products change, because we +zLpHiYUXUuA-01061-00270236-00270683 also looked at the holding cost of having too much inventory, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01062-00270683-00271016 because one thing you could do is deliver every third day, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01063-00271016-00271277 but then you've got inventory hanging around +zLpHiYUXUuA-01064-00271277-00271499 as opposed to delivering every day. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01065-00271499-00271778 But the trade off is if I deliver more frequently, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01066-00271778-00272286 I have less perishable, less items getting spoiled. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01067-00272286-00272453 I don't have to carry as much inventory, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01068-00272453-00272669 but I'm paying more, that frequent delivery, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01069-00272669-00272951 as the opposite, I deliver less frequent, right, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01070-00272951-00273186 so my transportation costs go down. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01071-00273186-00273389 But my inventory holding costs goes up, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01072-00273389-00273605 and my waste cost might go up, because I +zLpHiYUXUuA-01073-00273605-00273717 might have some things-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01074-00273717-00273929 you know, you don't want to buy the sandwich that's +zLpHiYUXUuA-01075-00273929-00274000 four days old. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01076-00274000-00274075 So you have waste. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01077-00274075-00274208 So there's a trade off there. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01078-00274208-00274406 And we're able to capture those costs +zLpHiYUXUuA-01079-00274406-00274687 and then use an optimization model +zLpHiYUXUuA-01080-00274687-00274979 to figure out the best path. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01081-00274979-00275266 So a lot of techniques that we taught in SC0x +zLpHiYUXUuA-01082-00275266-00275815 used, and we will be doing that in SC1x and SC2x more details. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01083-00275815-00275872 Yes. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01084-00275872-00276159 And dig more into network design problems +zLpHiYUXUuA-01085-00276159-00276478 and how we can actually tackle these problems, right? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01086-00276478-00276672 Right. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01087-00276672-00276884 Want to go to the third problem? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01088-00276884-00277075 Yeah, let's go to third. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01089-00277075-00277261 And while you're talking, I will again +zLpHiYUXUuA-01090-00277261-00277649 open up the polls to see where students are going with it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01091-00277649-00277837 So this seems to be the same problem, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01092-00277837-00277954 but it's a little different. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01093-00277954-00278261 This is Walmart, again, the world's largest retailer. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01094-00278261-00278424 We've done project with them for years. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01095-00278424-00278554 They're a great company. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01096-00278554-00278794 They've innovated and the transportation, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01097-00278794-00279085 logistics base for decades. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01098-00279085-00279295 So they're a large discount retailer. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01099-00279295-00279445 And originally, they were dry goods. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01100-00279445-00279727 They got into grocery in the late '90s, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01101-00279727-00280034 and they are now, certainly in United States, the largest +zLpHiYUXUuA-01102-00280034-00280084 grocer. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01103-00280084-00280354 They might be the world's, but certainly United States, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01104-00280354-00280511 by a large margin. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01105-00280511-00280864 And so as the difference between just being a discounter, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01106-00280864-00281077 where you can put things in drive and trucks. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01107-00281077-00281479 You don't have to worry about a shirt spoiling. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01108-00281479-00281851 For grocery, you have to deliver different product temperatures. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01109-00281851-00282080 And so there are generally three, ambient, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01110-00282080-00282362 which is just room temperature-- dry van-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01111-00282362-00282664 but then there's refrigerated, and then there's frozen. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01112-00282664-00282868 And there's even some in between. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01113-00282868-00283270 So you don't want to have ice cream delivered +zLpHiYUXUuA-01114-00283270-00283492 in a refrigerated truck, and you don't want to have, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01115-00283492-00283826 say, grapes or other fruit delivered in a frozen truck, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01116-00283826-00284042 right, it'll damage the product. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01117-00284042-00284209 So you have these three different types. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01118-00284209-00284458 And traditionally, they would replenish +zLpHiYUXUuA-01119-00284458-00284878 a full truckload of a specific temperature zone to a store. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01120-00284878-00285189 So they're ordering their dry van stuff, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01121-00285189-00285483 their regular dry goods stuff, they have an ambient truck, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01122-00285483-00285625 and they'd have all stuff that can +zLpHiYUXUuA-01123-00285625-00285741 be kept at room temperature. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01124-00285741-00285829 They deliver that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01125-00285829-00286108 They have a full refrigerated truck, and so all the milk, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01126-00286108-00286399 all the dairy, all that stuff gets delivered in one. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01127-00286399-00286621 And so it might be that that truck would have-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01128-00286621-00286888 that refrigerated truck would have to go to two stores +zLpHiYUXUuA-01129-00286888-00286993 to unload. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01130-00286993-00287248 Well, what's happened is they've started +zLpHiYUXUuA-01131-00287248-00287654 a new the format of smaller stores in urban areas, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01132-00287654-00287796 and it was turning out that they'd +zLpHiYUXUuA-01133-00287796-00288015 have to do many multiple stops. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01134-00288015-00288397 It wasn't just one or two to take care of a full truck. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01135-00288397-00288537 It would be three, four, five. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01136-00288537-00288696 And as you start doing that, you start +zLpHiYUXUuA-01137-00288696-00288873 running out of time in the day. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01138-00288873-00289173 And so it starts becoming uneconomical. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01139-00289173-00289332 And so what they've started looking at +zLpHiYUXUuA-01140-00289332-00289548 is multi-temperature trucks. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01141-00289548-00289770 So think about a truck with zones, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01142-00289770-00289944 and they can actually move the sliders. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01143-00289944-00290249 One can be frozen, then refrigerated, then ambient. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01144-00290249-00290649 Right, and so the question is should I use these trucks, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01145-00290649-00290904 they cost a little more, and then +zLpHiYUXUuA-01146-00290904-00291321 the question is if I have these, how should I use them. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01147-00291321-00291597 Should I make it so that I use-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01148-00291597-00291750 the classic trade off is should I +zLpHiYUXUuA-01149-00291750-00292161 have single zone trucks delivered to multiple stores, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01150-00292161-00292491 or should I try to have a multi zoned truck delivered +zLpHiYUXUuA-01151-00292491-00292791 to single stores, or a multi zone truck delivering +zLpHiYUXUuA-01152-00292791-00292890 to multiple stores. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01153-00292890-00293028 And so we're trying to understand +zLpHiYUXUuA-01154-00293028-00293325 which stores get serviced by which type of vehicle, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01155-00293325-00293643 and then how much space do you allocate for that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01156-00293643-00293946 That's the question that Walmart wanted answered. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01157-00293946-00294042 That's interesting. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01158-00294042-00294175 I have never thought about that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01159-00294175-00294472 I'm not a transportation person. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01160-00294472-00294654 I have never thought about trucks +zLpHiYUXUuA-01161-00294654-00294858 with multiple compartments. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01162-00294858-00295006 Are they more expensive if they-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01163-00295006-00295254 They're a little bit more, and they take up some space, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01164-00295254-00295545 because you're taking up space by having these dividers. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01165-00295545-00295996 And anything, and you'll learn this in SC1x, risk pooling. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01166-00295996-00296295 Right, so if I take one big zone, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01167-00296295-00296484 I can store more stuff in one big zone +zLpHiYUXUuA-01168-00296484-00296763 than in three zones that sum up to the same area, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01169-00296763-00297093 because I'll have gaps in each. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01170-00297093-00297279 But yeah, there is a little more expensive, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01171-00297279-00297447 and because the other thing is you're +zLpHiYUXUuA-01172-00297447-00297723 paying for the generator unit even +zLpHiYUXUuA-01173-00297723-00298058 for that ambient that's there, because it takes a generator-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01174-00298058-00298260 or a refrigerator unit. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01175-00298260-00298791 So our students have about 30 replies here, thinking again, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01176-00298791-00299245 constrained optimization, algorithms, and approximations. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01177-00299245-00299625 It's coming in some regression now and simulation, again. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01178-00299625-00299787 Yeah, we thought about simulation. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01179-00299787-00300042 That was our first go to, because we +zLpHiYUXUuA-01180-00300042-00300366 could trade different policies, like every store delivered +zLpHiYUXUuA-01181-00300366-00300468 every day. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01182-00300468-00300582 What would that do? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01183-00300582-00300935 Every store-- and then we'd have to figure out +zLpHiYUXUuA-01184-00300935-00301263 a rule or an algorithm for when to use multi stop, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01185-00301263-00301455 but we could test different policies. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01186-00301455-00301710 We chose not to because we went with +zLpHiYUXUuA-01187-00301710-00302061 the constrained optimization approach for this actually. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01188-00302061-00302304 And so as a mixed integer linear program here, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01189-00302304-00302748 the objective function was the total cost, and the total cost, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01190-00302748-00302886 you can think of it as-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01191-00302886-00303073 for each pallet being delivered. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01192-00303073-00303313 So you look at every store had a fixed demand. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01193-00303313-00303480 So think of your constraints. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01194-00303480-00304068 Store A had certain demand, and we did weekly base buckets, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01195-00304068-00304272 number of pallets frozen, number of pallets +zLpHiYUXUuA-01196-00304272-00304587 refrigerated, number of pallets ambient for each store. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01197-00304587-00304734 You had to meet that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01198-00304734-00305028 And then the question is, my decision variable +zLpHiYUXUuA-01199-00305028-00305500 was the number of pallets assigned to each type of truck. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01200-00305500-00305718 And so we minimize the total cost, which +zLpHiYUXUuA-01201-00305718-00306003 is the transport cost, the stoppage cost, and the holding +zLpHiYUXUuA-01202-00306003-00306069 cost. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01203-00306069-00306300 And you'll learn in SC1x what holding cost is, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01204-00306300-00306837 but essentially the idea is if I buy a week's worth of stuff, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01205-00306837-00307064 and I keep it-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01206-00307064-00307242 and I buy it all at once, and it's there, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01207-00307242-00307606 versus I buy a week's worth, a day's worth of stuff every day, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01208-00307606-00307860 right, you can see there are different inventory levels. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01209-00307860-00308208 So the holding cost is the cost of holding that inventory +zLpHiYUXUuA-01210-00308208-00308400 for a period of time. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01211-00308400-00308733 And what you'll learn is that it's not the total purchase +zLpHiYUXUuA-01212-00308733-00308805 cost. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01213-00308805-00309220 You have to look at what the hurdle rate is, the H or the R +zLpHiYUXUuA-01214-00309220-00309485 that we call it, which is the-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01215-00309485-00309645 what your cost of capital is. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01216-00309645-00309825 So it might be like 20%. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01217-00309825-00310050 And so as you order less frequently, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01218-00310050-00310401 your holding cost or your inventory holding cost goes up. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01219-00310401-00310580 Right, as I order more frequently, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01220-00310580-00310881 my holding cost goes down, but my transportation cost goes up. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01221-00310881-00311139 So you have that trade off of transportation +zLpHiYUXUuA-01222-00311139-00311280 versus inventory. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01223-00311280-00311619 And so what we did has really made a trade off +zLpHiYUXUuA-01224-00311619-00311943 between the different modes, and because some stores +zLpHiYUXUuA-01225-00311943-00312256 if they ordered, if they had a demand that was high enough, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01226-00312256-00312430 then it justified a full truckload. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01227-00312430-00312767 Right, and so this is the model that we use, the mixed integer +zLpHiYUXUuA-01228-00312767-00313056 linear program that determined how to replenish +zLpHiYUXUuA-01229-00313056-00313206 each of the stores. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01230-00313206-00313494 You could could've easily done this also in the simulation. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01231-00313494-00313752 It'd be a cool way to do that as well, where you're +zLpHiYUXUuA-01232-00313752-00313867 testing different policies. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01233-00313867-00314216 But it would not tell you which trucks to use. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01234-00314216-00314358 It will tell you-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01235-00314358-00314852 it'll say, given this policy, here's what you will get. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01236-00314852-00315027 That would actually have been my question, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01237-00315027-00315375 how do you determine-- because there are students-- there are +zLpHiYUXUuA-01238-00315375-00315600 a lot of students asking about simulation, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01239-00315600-00315758 not only simulation for this project +zLpHiYUXUuA-01240-00315758-00315991 but also for the second problem, Starbucks. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01241-00315991-00316206 Why don't you use a simulation? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01242-00316206-00316380 Why do you opt for optimization? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01243-00316380-00316704 You can-- I think we didn't-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01244-00316704-00316953 one thing is that the companies wanted answers, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01245-00316953-00317176 and so it was less of a policy situation. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01246-00317176-00317406 And in fact, for what do you see for both +zLpHiYUXUuA-01247-00317406-00317715 of those situations in practice, what a lot of companies will do +zLpHiYUXUuA-01248-00317715-00317934 is you use both of the tools. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01249-00317934-00318331 Right, so you use a simulation, and you do an optimization, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01250-00318331-00318436 find an optimal solution. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01251-00318436-00318585 Then you simulate how things will +zLpHiYUXUuA-01252-00318585-00318861 look, because in optimization, as you saw, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01253-00318861-00319077 the demand is deterministic. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01254-00319077-00319203 Everything is fixed. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01255-00319203-00319443 And so what you can do is two things. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01256-00319443-00319620 And we'll do this in SC2x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01257-00319620-00319974 I can run the optimization multiple times +zLpHiYUXUuA-01258-00319974-00320460 where I take a random sample of my input variables. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01259-00320460-00320667 And so we do this for network design, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01260-00320667-00320988 and you can see-- so you run the model multiple times based on, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01261-00320988-00321403 essentially a Monte Carlo pull of the data. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01262-00321403-00321567 The other is you have a solution, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01263-00321567-00321873 then you change the domain and see how well does it perform, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01264-00321873-00322140 and you can play with both of those. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01265-00322140-00322296 So we thought about that. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01266-00322296-00322584 And if I had a follow on, maybe I would consider that, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01267-00322584-00322794 but for the simulation, you would +zLpHiYUXUuA-01268-00322794-00322980 have to have an optimization embedded +zLpHiYUXUuA-01269-00322980-00323270 within it, because what the simulation is-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01270-00323270-00323412 what are you simulating, and you'd +zLpHiYUXUuA-01271-00323412-00323643 be simulating demand, right? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01272-00323643-00323920 So if demand changed, you would need to say-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01273-00323920-00324161 what you're doing is you're saying OK, demand for store A +zLpHiYUXUuA-01274-00324161-00324463 is now 10 instead of 20, right? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01275-00324463-00324841 So you need to have an algorithm, a heuristic that +zLpHiYUXUuA-01276-00324841-00325114 says OK, based on these demands, I would use this truck, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01277-00325114-00325237 this truck, this truck. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01278-00325237-00325608 So the simulation is really just simulating the demand. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01279-00325608-00325746 You'd still need a piece in there +zLpHiYUXUuA-01280-00325746-00326071 that is making a decision of what loads to assign +zLpHiYUXUuA-01281-00326071-00326301 to what trucks, to what stores. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01282-00326301-00326511 Also [INAUDIBLE]. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01283-00326511-00326706 This problem [INAUDIBLE]. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01284-00326706-00327010 No, it fed into-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01285-00327010-00327114 Gosh, what did he use? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01286-00327114-00327372 We had a PhD help with this, and he coded it-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01287-00327372-00327499 I want to say CPLEX. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01288-00327499-00327819 He used CPLEX for the optimization. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01289-00327819-00328059 In Excel, we use that as the front, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01290-00328059-00328296 and it called the other thing. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01291-00328296-00328494 What we're finding now is more the-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01292-00328494-00329075 in fact, we're doing this in here in SCM, the courses here. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01293-00329075-00329233 We're teaching Python now. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01294-00329233-00329397 So if you were to go to grad school, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01295-00329397-00329601 learn Python before you come. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01296-00329601-00329710 Any edX courses. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01297-00329710-00329949 There's great Python edX courses. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01298-00329949-00330120 We're finding that for the large data, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01299-00330120-00330306 Python is the language to go to. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01300-00330306-00330519 It's easy to use, and you can-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01301-00330519-00330702 a lot of libraries where you can do a lot +zLpHiYUXUuA-01302-00330702-00330810 of these different things. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01303-00330810-00330951 So if you have free time-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01304-00330951-00331021 It's open source. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01305-00331021-00331122 Yeah, it's open sourced. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01306-00331122-00331245 Learn Python. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01307-00331245-00331413 We're finding it-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01308-00331413-00331851 I stopped coding using C in the early '90s, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01309-00331851-00332256 so learning new languages, but I recommend it +zLpHiYUXUuA-01310-00332256-00332515 if you haven't done it already. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01311-00332515-00332595 So we have-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01312-00332595-00332721 How are we doing on time? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01313-00332721-00332799 Four minutes left. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01314-00332799-00333045 So I would suggest we check with some of the questions that +zLpHiYUXUuA-01315-00333045-00333109 are more general. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01316-00333109-00333159 Sure. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01317-00333159-00333285 If that's OK with you. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01318-00333285-00333511 Yeah. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01319-00333511-00333784 So perhaps we talk shortly about the final exam. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01320-00333784-00333880 Do you want to do that? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01321-00333880-00333982 No, you can. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01322-00333982-00334035 I can. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01323-00334035-00334198 OK. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01324-00334198-00334459 Well, final exam is what you have seen on the midterm. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01325-00334459-00334709 The midterm is essentially the same +zLpHiYUXUuA-01326-00334709-00334918 and reflects what we are going to do in the final. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01327-00334918-00335378 We are going to have three problem sets plus-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01328-00335378-00335685 what is it-- checkbox questions. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01329-00335685-00335944 And end the entire content that we served you +zLpHiYUXUuA-01330-00335944-00336608 with from week one to four, and seven to 10 will be covered. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01331-00336608-00337066 So we are going to ask questions about all of that content +zLpHiYUXUuA-01332-00337066-00337384 to see your proficiency. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01333-00337384-00337603 So it can also just be very specific. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01334-00337603-00338029 It can also be the content of week one through week four. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01335-00338029-00338083 Yes. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01336-00338083-00338267 It's not just the second half of the course. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01337-00338267-00338383 Yes. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01338-00338383-00338638 But other than that, you can expect exactly the same. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01339-00338638-00339113 It's going to be released today and-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01340-00339113-00339168 No, tomorrow. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01341-00339168-00339242 Tomorrow. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01342-00339242-00339399 Today's Tuesday. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01343-00339399-00339637 Tomorrow, it's going to be released tomorrow. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01344-00339637-00339730 Yes. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01345-00339730-00340474 And we leave it open for seven days until December 5th. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01346-00340474-00340835 It will be a timed exam again. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01347-00340835-00341135 So you will have four hours once you open it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01348-00341135-00341311 So you decide when you want to take it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01349-00341311-00341547 But once you open it, the clock is running, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01350-00341547-00341647 and you have four hours. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01351-00341647-00341809 And remember that, if you're taking it +zLpHiYUXUuA-01352-00341809-00342260 on Wednesday in our morning-- so right before the deadline-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01353-00342260-00342571 you need to have four hours before the deadline, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01354-00342571-00342964 because when the deadline hits at December 5, at [INAUDIBLE],, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01355-00342964-00343119 we will close the exam. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01356-00343119-00343336 So you need to account for that with the four hours. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01357-00343649-00343819 Other than that, it's an open book exam, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01358-00343819-00344086 so you can use all the tools that you developed. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01359-00344086-00344257 You can use the videos. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01360-00344257-00344469 You can use the practice problems, if that helps, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01361-00344469-00344692 and you have time to revisit them. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01362-00344692-00344890 You can take a look at your notes. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01363-00344890-00344992 It's open. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01364-00344992-00345199 But it's all your work, so you're not +zLpHiYUXUuA-01365-00345199-00345301 allowed to coordinate. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01366-00345301-00345514 You're not allowed to work in groups. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01367-00345514-00345791 That is absolutely forbidden. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01368-00345791-00345841 All right. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01369-00345841-00346032 I think that should be covering it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01370-00346032-00346196 What other questions do we have? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01371-00346196-00346980 So we have a couple of questions about the course setup. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01372-00346980-00347030 OK. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01373-00347030-00347470 So is it mandatory to take the courses in sequence SC1x and-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01374-00347470-00347543 No. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01375-00347543-00347976 No, it's recommended, because if you take say SC2x +zLpHiYUXUuA-01376-00347976-00348216 without taking 0x, you might be wondering +zLpHiYUXUuA-01377-00348216-00348516 what a mixed integer linear program is. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01378-00348516-00348795 If you're not brushed up on your mathematical dexterity +zLpHiYUXUuA-01379-00348795-00349140 with algebra, you might get tripped up on SC1x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01380-00349140-00349417 Hypothesis testing is used a little later. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01381-00349417-00349689 So no, you can take them out of sequence. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01382-00349689-00349882 We recommend taking them in sequence, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01383-00349882-00350022 but you guys have busy lives. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01384-00350022-00350266 Sometimes people want to take two courses at once. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01385-00350266-00350367 You want to start. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01386-00350367-00350715 So we try to set expectations, and you can always +zLpHiYUXUuA-01387-00350715-00350961 go to the key concept document for the whole course +zLpHiYUXUuA-01388-00350961-00351125 and kind of go through and say, OK, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01389-00351125-00351300 what's going to be covered in this course, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01390-00351300-00351522 am I going to be out of my depth. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01391-00351522-00351882 So we recommend it, but we don't enforce it. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01392-00351882-00351932 All right. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01393-00351932-00352001 Anything else? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01394-00352001-00352108 No, I think we're set. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01395-00352108-00352580 We have a couple of questions left, but time is running out. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01396-00352580-00352729 I think we've covered a lot today. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01397-00352729-00352925 Thank you very much for taking the time, Chris. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01398-00352925-00352975 Thanks. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01399-00352975-00353204 That was really interesting to see all these problems +zLpHiYUXUuA-01400-00353204-00353405 and how we can actually use the tools. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01401-00353405-00353660 I encourage you to take SC1x. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01402-00353660-00353966 To me, it was the first course, and SC1x and 2x +zLpHiYUXUuA-01403-00353966-00354170 are my favorite courses, because they really +zLpHiYUXUuA-01404-00354170-00354412 tie together things, and you'll use them a lot. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01405-00354412-00354560 And SC1x is coming up, right? +zLpHiYUXUuA-01406-00354560-00354623 Yes, it is. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01407-00354623-00354804 It's starting in first week of January. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01408-00354804-00355227 Yeah, so you can sign up and think about-- +zLpHiYUXUuA-01409-00355227-00355427 and see how we think about inventory management, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01410-00355427-00355610 about forecasting, all of that kind of stuff. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01411-00355610-00355733 Yeah, give it a try, even if you don't +zLpHiYUXUuA-01412-00355733-00355871 want to do-- verify the first-- just go +zLpHiYUXUuA-01413-00355871-00355977 for the first couple of weeks. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01414-00355977-00356155 We'll start talking about demand forecasting. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01415-00356155-00356367 You'll start seeing how these models and everything +zLpHiYUXUuA-01416-00356367-00356696 you did, the pain you went through to learn these models, +zLpHiYUXUuA-01417-00356696-00356873 how they're actually used. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01418-00356873-00356999 So thank you very much, guys. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01419-00356999-00357146 The video will be up on our channel +zLpHiYUXUuA-01420-00357146-00357539 if you want to revisit it, and I wish you all the best +zLpHiYUXUuA-01421-00357539-00357663 for the final exam. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01422-00357663-00357741 Good luck, guys. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01423-00357741-00357795 See you soon. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01424-00357795-00357845 Bye. +zLpHiYUXUuA-01425-00357845-00357994 Take care.