diff --git "a/data/en110/text/00000011.txt" "b/data/en110/text/00000011.txt"
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+++ "b/data/en110/text/00000011.txt"
@@ -0,0 +1,12933 @@
+q3XfLRXZhgY-00000-00000000-00000351 [Music]
+q3XfLRXZhgY-00001-00000352-00000681 wow
+q3XfLRXZhgY-00002-00000682-00002983 [Applause]
+q3XfLRXZhgY-00003-00002984-00003192 you
+q6DLjYKPROo-00000-00000057-00000125 [Music]
+q6DLjYKPROo-00001-00000126-00000359 hello okay
+q6DLjYKPROo-00002-00000360-00000569 hello I'm Alexis I'm a sophomore from
+q6DLjYKPROo-00003-00000570-00000827 LSC hello I'm Serena and I'm a junior at
+q6DLjYKPROo-00004-00000827-00001054 lse hi I'm Calvin and I'm a junior at
+q6DLjYKPROo-00005-00001055-00001300 lse hi I'm Haley green I'm a junior I go
+q6DLjYKPROo-00006-00001301-00001447 to Lincoln Southeast
+q6DLjYKPROo-00007-00001448-00001687 [Music]
+q6DLjYKPROo-00008-00001688-00001937 and this is our group peace culinary
+q6DLjYKPROo-00009-00001938-00002176 disaster
+q6DLjYKPROo-00010-00002177-00002326 how to burn down kitchens from your
+q6DLjYKPROo-00011-00002327-00002513 parents like their parents before
+q6DLjYKPROo-00012-00002514-00002807 melding countertops and setting fires to
+q6DLjYKPROo-00013-00002808-00003023 the floor it was a simple recipe not
+q6DLjYKPROo-00014-00003024-00003353 hard to mess up just three rules you
+q6DLjYKPROo-00015-00003354-00003497 learn from your parents in the rubble
+q6DLjYKPROo-00016-00003497-00003772 don't start fires you can't contain
+q6DLjYKPROo-00017-00003773-00004103 don't cry unless you expect a river and
+q6DLjYKPROo-00018-00004104-00004433 don't ever burn down the kitchen you
+q6DLjYKPROo-00019-00004434-00004601 started Gathering the ingredients
+q6DLjYKPROo-00020-00004602-00004811 picking up dust bunnies and screaming
+q6DLjYKPROo-00021-00004812-00005117 fights eggs milk and anxiety disorder by
+q6DLjYKPROo-00022-00005118-00005501 13 and worst of all love
+q6DLjYKPROo-00023-00005502-00005722 you gather them next to the mixing bowls
+q6DLjYKPROo-00024-00005723-00005902 the mental issues in one my physical
+q6DLjYKPROo-00025-00005903-00006167 traits in another I know I needed three
+q6DLjYKPROo-00026-00006168-00006431 cups of love you I used to do it out for
+q6DLjYKPROo-00027-00006431-00006725 something a little less real because it
+q6DLjYKPROo-00028-00006726-00006959 was too expensive so you got all your
+q6DLjYKPROo-00029-00006959-00007145 ingredients at the dollar store next to
+q6DLjYKPROo-00030-00007145-00007283 the flickering lights of the white
+q6DLjYKPROo-00031-00007284-00007439 ceiling time and the black Swinging
+q6DLjYKPROo-00032-00007440-00007637 Doors buying them with crumpled dollar
+q6DLjYKPROo-00033-00007638-00007846 bills you had two different sets of
+q6DLjYKPROo-00034-00007847-00008063 genetics with too many flaws but you
+q6DLjYKPROo-00035-00008064-00008278 said we'll give you a smile and bright
+q6DLjYKPROo-00036-00008279-00008483 eyes our fear is inflicted to you
+q6DLjYKPROo-00037-00008484-00008674 effortlessly all of our addictions and
+q6DLjYKPROo-00038-00008675-00008896 emotions for the echo of your lives
+q6DLjYKPROo-00039-00008897-00009364 knocked me down pegs
+q6DLjYKPROo-00040-00009365-00009478 starting off
+q6DLjYKPROo-00041-00009479-00009749 Stu forgot the acne rise to my potential
+q6DLjYKPROo-00042-00009750-00010037 you made me forfeits Perfection garnish
+q6DLjYKPROo-00043-00010038-00010217 with praise you will never learn to
+q6DLjYKPROo-00044-00010218-00010445 taste instead you will only gag on the
+q6DLjYKPROo-00045-00010446-00010667 chunky parts of my brain that cooked a
+q6DLjYKPROo-00046-00010668-00010859 bit too much where you put the heat on
+q6DLjYKPROo-00047-00010860-00011069 high in the ingredients into fat you
+q6DLjYKPROo-00048-00011070-00011363 ended up melting the mixing bowls making
+q6DLjYKPROo-00049-00011364-00011674 the Plastics in the stove the milk and
+q6DLjYKPROo-00050-00011675-00011921 bitterness makes perfectly almost making
+q6DLjYKPROo-00051-00011922-00012167 a paste you put me in the oven let me
+q6DLjYKPROo-00052-00012168-00012371 bake in my insecurities and genetic
+q6DLjYKPROo-00053-00012372-00012623 flaws leaving me with my half-baked
+q6DLjYKPROo-00054-00012624-00012785 humor so now I can't take anything
+q6DLjYKPROo-00055-00012786-00013151 seriously for crying had no more use you
+q6DLjYKPROo-00056-00013152-00013319 left me in the oven too long my
+q6DLjYKPROo-00057-00013319-00013577 self-worth burnt faster than my joy you
+q6DLjYKPROo-00058-00013578-00014086 tried to save me but too little too late
+q6DLjYKPROo-00059-00014087-00014399 me out and try to run me under water but
+q6DLjYKPROo-00060-00014400-00014615 the faucet stopped working you left the
+q6DLjYKPROo-00061-00014616-00014915 oven on to 600 Degrees of isolation the
+q6DLjYKPROo-00062-00014916-00015125 heat kept on building at building and
+q6DLjYKPROo-00063-00015126-00015316 building
+q6DLjYKPROo-00064-00015318-00015503 the oven exploded
+q6DLjYKPROo-00065-00015504-00015793 anger when you see how I turned out
+q6DLjYKPROo-00066-00015794-00016091 thrown against the wall you scraped me
+q6DLjYKPROo-00067-00016091-00016288 back into the bowl and served me to the
+q6DLjYKPROo-00068-00016290-00016541 world on a silver platter but I guess I
+q6DLjYKPROo-00069-00016542-00016697 wasn't the pretty dinner you had molded
+q6DLjYKPROo-00070-00016698-00016913 me to be because suddenly you started
+q6DLjYKPROo-00071-00016914-00017063 complaining to everybody you served me
+q6DLjYKPROo-00072-00017064-00017519 to the eye
+q6DLjYKPROo-00073-00017520-00017735 and that's when you said let's start the
+q6DLjYKPROo-00074-00017736-00017861 recipe
+q6DLjYKPROo-00075-00017862-00018100 but we're almost done kitchen burned
+q6DLjYKPROo-00076-00018101-00018407 down life cooked miserably there's no
+q6DLjYKPROo-00077-00018408-00018730 more ingredients left you can't start
+q6DLjYKPROo-00078-00018731-00018977 over we can't
+q6DLjYKPROo-00079-00018978-00019059 amaze
+q6DLjYKPROo-00080-00019060-00019902 [Music]
+qqb8riKeHuy-00000-00000564-00000886 [Music]
+qqb8riKeHuy-00001-00000888-00001245 so
+qqb8riKeHuy-00002-00001246-00004199 [Music]
+qqb8riKeHuy-00006-00022728-00022951 hmm
+qqb8riKeHuy-00007-00022952-00023545 [Music]
+qqb8riKeHuy-00009-00027891-00028895 [Applause]
+qqb8riKeHuy-00010-00028895-00030399 ugh
+qqb8riKeHuy-00011-00030400-00032257 so
+qqb8riKeHuy-00012-00032258-00032543 [Applause]
+qqb8riKeHuy-00013-00032544-00032772 so
+qqb8riKeHuy-00015-00038663-00040167 foreign
+qqb8riKeHuy-00016-00040168-00041415 so
+qqb8riKeHuy-00017-00041416-00042727 so
+qqb8riKeHuy-00018-00042728-00045607 foreign
+qqb8riKeHuy-00019-00045608-00046733 [Applause]
+qqb8riKeHuy-00020-00046734-00046974 [Music]
+qqb8riKeHuy-00021-00046975-00048830 hmm
+qqb8riKeHuy-00022-00048831-00049495 hmm
+qqb8riKeHuy-00024-00058800-00059227 oh
+qqb8riKeHuy-00025-00059228-00059537 [Music]
+qqb8riKeHuy-00026-00059538-00061087 [Applause]
+qqb8riKeHuy-00027-00061088-00062380 so
+qqb8riKeHuy-00029-00068720-00068978 uh
+qqb8riKeHuy-00031-00072245-00072711 [Music]
+qqb8riKeHuy-00032-00072712-00072920 you
+qr0S40Y21io-00000-00000021-00000224 when you're underwater for months at a
+qr0S40Y21io-00001-00000225-00000580 time you lose all sense of day and night
+qr0S40Y21io-00002-00000581-00000923 and some things are just out of your
+qr0S40Y21io-00003-00000924-00001551 control
+qr0S40Y21io-00004-00001552-00001721 do you really think they'll send
+qr0S40Y21io-00005-00001722-00001970 earthquake no my drill to the bottom of
+qr0S40Y21io-00006-00001971-00002237 the ocean and we don't know what came
+qr0S40Y21io-00007-00002238-00003100 out oh is that true it underwater
+qsXPDcmuRHu-00000-00000270-00001030 foreign
+qsXPDcmuRHu-00001-00001031-00002022 [Music]
+qsXPDcmuRHu-00002-00002023-00003581 [Music]
+qsXPDcmuRHu-00003-00003582-00003882 foreign
+quAuzr84K1k-00000-00000171-00000794 [Music]
+quAuzr84K1k-00001-00000795-00000943 [Music]
+quAuzr84K1k-00002-00000944-00001357 so
+quAuzr84K1k-00003-00001358-00001663 [Music]
+quAuzr84K1k-00004-00001664-00001872 you
+q-InhQl1B_u-00000-00000008-00000231 usually i'm a photographer videographer
+q-InhQl1B_u-00001-00000231-00000551 or a director but today this is my first
+q-InhQl1B_u-00002-00000552-00000774 time to be a gaffer today as a gaffer i
+q-InhQl1B_u-00003-00000775-00000999 just feel like it's pretty boring
+q-InhQl1B_u-00004-00001000-00001262 because this is not my professional i
+q-InhQl1B_u-00005-00001263-00001431 have no idea what should i help and
+q-InhQl1B_u-00006-00001432-00001687 second after i set up all the lights
+q-InhQl1B_u-00007-00001688-00002030 yeah it's directors and dp's job if the
+q-InhQl1B_u-00008-00002032-00002295 video is good that's awesome but if the
+q-InhQl1B_u-00009-00002296-00002526 video is not good
+q-InhQl1B_u-00010-00002527-00002718 i can't help
+q-InhQl1B_u-00011-00002719-00003700 but i hope the video is good
+q-InhQl1B_u-00013-00008647-00008781 perfect
+q-InhQl1B_u-00015-00012366-00012945 [Music]
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00000-00000182-00001174 [Music]
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00001-00001175-00002487 [Music]
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00002-00002488-00002695 i was going to go to law school i was a
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00003-00002696-00002863 political science major planning on law
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00004-00002864-00003015 school i started getting interested in
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00005-00003016-00003335 business like junior senior year and i
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00006-00003336-00003463 eventually went home and i saw my
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00007-00003464-00003638 sister's prototype when i went home for
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00008-00003639-00003886 uh the summer and i saw it as an amazing
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00009-00003887-00004119 opportunity and so i
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00010-00004120-00004238 um
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00011-00004239-00004375 i got really interested in
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00012-00004376-00004551 entrepreneurship and we just
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00013-00004552-00004759 went with it and we kept going and going
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00014-00004760-00004919 and going until we kind of struck gold
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00015-00004920-00005022 with it and
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00016-00005023-00005127 i was never expecting to be an
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00017-00005128-00005934 entrepreneur but here i am
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00018-00005935-00006038 yeah so
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00019-00006039-00006318 the i always really wanted to get an mba
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00020-00006319-00006527 um especially towards the end of you
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00021-00006528-00006663 know being here my undergrad i kind of
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00022-00006664-00006887 got more interested in business
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00023-00006888-00007083 and so i was working on nightcap at the
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00024-00007084-00007391 time and but you know it was very early
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00025-00007392-00007591 and it wasn't big at the time at all and
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00026-00007592-00007791 uh you know i don't want to put all my
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00027-00007792-00008046 eggs in one basket and so i thought that
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00028-00008047-00008231 the mba would help me both manage the
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00029-00008232-00008463 business and also set me up for the
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00030-00008464-00008655 future in life if you know either after
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00031-00008656-00008903 nightcap or if nightcap didn't work out
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00032-00008904-00009095 um i thought the mba would be an awesome
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00033-00009096-00009255 opportunity to you know just do two
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00034-00009256-00009406 things at once and
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00035-00009407-00010031 set myself up for the future
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00036-00010032-00010310 i was able to come here and have my
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00037-00010311-00010478 resume looked at and worked on and
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00038-00010479-00010646 edited and that helped me apply for jobs
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00039-00010647-00010774 before i was really into
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00040-00010775-00010903 entrepreneurship and i was trying to
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00041-00010904-00011031 figure out what i wanted to do and what
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00042-00011032-00011206 internships i could get
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00043-00011207-00011342 the help with the resume it really
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00044-00011343-00012014 really helped me
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00045-00012015-00012183 i found a ton of value here with the
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00046-00012184-00012367 entrepreneurship program
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00047-00012368-00012527 being able to utilize the resources the
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00048-00012528-00012742 pitch competitions helped us fund the
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00049-00012743-00012863 you know fund everything when we were
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00050-00012863-00013038 bootstrapping and really got us started
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00051-00013039-00013183 i don't know if we would be here at this
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00052-00013184-00013327 point without them
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00053-00013328-00013494 the law clinic that was available
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00054-00013495-00013727 through the entrepreneurship college was
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00055-00013728-00013855 a huge help
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00056-00013856-00014015 being able to you know pay for
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00057-00014016-00014166 trademarks and
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00058-00014168-00014366 and just getting legal advice on on
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00059-00014368-00014511 everything from what to put on your
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00060-00014512-00014719 packaging to
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00061-00014719-00015038 filing stuff with the uspto
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00062-00015040-00015230 not having to pay a lawyer for that and
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00063-00015231-00015391 just paying the government fees was an
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00064-00015391-00015558 awesome awesome resource and we also
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00065-00015559-00015799 utilized the the textile center at the
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00066-00015800-00016030 entrepreneurship school and they tested
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00067-00016031-00016207 out all these fabrics stretch out in the
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00068-00016208-00016407 washing machine how many washes will
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00069-00016408-00016671 last you know does the ink stay on it so
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00070-00016672-00016847 that was an amazing opportunity to be
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00071-00016848-00017063 able to have that and you know
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00072-00017064-00017727 just be able to be here and do that
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00073-00017728-00017927 so we did not do very well in the very
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00074-00017928-00018199 beginning took like six months to sell
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00075-00018200-00018327 any of them i mean it was like we
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00076-00018328-00018447 couldn't sell anything the first six
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00077-00018448-00018614 months then it was uh you know it was a
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00078-00018615-00018783 little hard
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00079-00018784-00018943 but we thought that you know we really
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00080-00018944-00019094 believed in our product and we believed
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00081-00019095-00019279 that we could really gain traction and
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00082-00019280-00019391 we were just testing out different
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00083-00019392-00019558 things and eventually we found
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00084-00019559-00019758 you know platforms that really helped us
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00085-00019759-00019927 market it and
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00086-00019928-00020086 it really took off after
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00087-00020087-00020735 eight nine months
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00088-00020736-00020919 for students interested in
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00089-00020920-00021071 entrepreneurship i would say that
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00090-00021072-00021278 college is the time to take risks uh you
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00091-00021279-00021422 know you have a huge support system here
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00092-00021423-00021599 with all the resources
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00093-00021600-00021839 and the second thing is that
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00094-00021840-00022007 not everything works out right away
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00095-00022008-00022127 sometimes you have to test different
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00096-00022128-00022247 things to see what works and what
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00097-00022248-00022358 doesn't
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00098-00022359-00022486 and you know if you see a pathway
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00099-00022487-00022630 forward with your business even if it's
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00100-00022631-00022791 not doing well in the beginning just
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00101-00022792-00022967 keep going at it until you can't you
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00102-00022968-00023175 know see a pathway forward anymore
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00103-00023176-00023358 and i think you know being at fsu helped
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00104-00023359-00024430 me a ton with that
+q_Q1gAYVA9o-00105-00024431-00024640 you
+qAHo96ifEGu-00000-00000601-00001491 [Music]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00001-00001492-00001732 hey
+qAHo96ifEGu-00002-00001734-00002883 [Music]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00003-00002884-00003311 foreign
+qAHo96ifEGu-00004-00003311-00004283 [Music]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00005-00004284-00004845 so
+qAHo96ifEGu-00006-00004846-00005683 [Music]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00007-00005684-00005808 ah
+qAHo96ifEGu-00008-00005809-00007083 [Music]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00009-00007084-00007186 my
+qAHo96ifEGu-00010-00007187-00009883 [Music]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00011-00009884-00010035 hey
+qAHo96ifEGu-00012-00010036-00010965 [Music]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00013-00010966-00011547 [Music]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00014-00011548-00012356 [Music]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00015-00012357-00014068 [Laughter]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00016-00014069-00016883 [Music]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00017-00016884-00017139 so
+qAHo96ifEGu-00018-00017140-00020130 [Music]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00019-00020131-00020643 [Music]
+qAHo96ifEGu-00020-00020644-00020944 hey
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00001-00005730-00006372 [Music]
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00002-00006373-00008623 trending news
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00003-00008624-00009577 a woman so
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00004-00009578-00009742 Yanka
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00006-00014323-00015831 foreign foreign
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00007-00015832-00018136 [Music]
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00009-00024409-00026173 [Applause]
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00010-00026174-00029093 your boat foreign
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00011-00029094-00032002 yes
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00013-00038755-00038973 [Music]
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00015-00042230-00044045 I said foreign
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00016-00044046-00046203 [Music]
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00018-00050316-00050918 um
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00019-00050919-00051880 [Music]
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00021-00057876-00058037 sit
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00022-00058038-00059513 let me know anymore
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00023-00059514-00061894 um
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00024-00061895-00062957 foreign
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00025-00062958-00064571 [Music]
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00026-00064572-00065759 foreign
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00029-00077555-00077935 [Music]
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00030-00077936-00078079 thank you
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00031-00078080-00078186 [Applause]
+qC1vPuoTmKk-00032-00078187-00078801 [Music]
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00000-00000008-00000223 outreach story
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00001-00000224-00000366 mentor
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00002-00000367-00000495 osm
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00003-00000496-00000686 this is a very
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00004-00000687-00000935 basic but i think a workhorse
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00005-00000936-00001079 strategy
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00006-00001080-00001295 that
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00007-00001296-00001491 we would do well to
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00008-00001492-00001918 adopt as our most basic strategy for
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00009-00001919-00002231 onboarding more people to bitcoin cash
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00010-00002232-00002463 right in an earlier uh vlog i talked
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00011-00002464-00002710 about how in bitcoin cash we really we
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00012-00002711-00002871 just need more people
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00013-00002872-00003055 we don't have enough people
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00014-00003056-00003279 um
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00015-00003279-00003551 and to get them you know we're not gonna
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00016-00003552-00003751 get them by doing the same things that
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00017-00003752-00003951 have been done in the past in my humble
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00018-00003952-00004119 opinion right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00019-00004120-00004447 i see a lot of efforts in bitcoin cash
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00020-00004448-00004727 uh oriented around
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00021-00004728-00005079 reinforcing existing relationships right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00022-00005080-00005286 there i have nothing to say against that
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00023-00005287-00005470 i mean that's that's fine
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00024-00005471-00005767 but i would like to see um i would like
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00025-00005768-00006063 to see us build an engine
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00026-00006064-00006406 that uh on boards new people
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00027-00006408-00006614 new new people and
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00028-00006615-00006814 you know some some people will say well
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00029-00006815-00007006 we just got to pull projects away from
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00030-00007008-00007342 bsc and ethan et cetera et cetera
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00031-00007343-00007551 and i don't disagree with that but like
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00032-00007552-00007806 also just trying to
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00033-00007808-00007959 just trying to pull people from other
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00034-00007959-00008255 crypto projects is a bit of a zero-sum
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00035-00008256-00008383 game
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00036-00008384-00008503 we need to pull
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00037-00008504-00008846 new people people completely new or
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00038-00008847-00009142 people who are only very very loosely
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00039-00009143-00009599 attached to the crypto space currently
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00040-00009600-00009735 um
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00041-00009736-00009942 because we have to be growing right if
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00042-00009943-00010151 we're not constantly
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00043-00010152-00010351 bringing in new people
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00044-00010352-00010710 uh then we're always reduced to you know
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00045-00010711-00010910 asking the same people to do the same
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00046-00010911-00011078 things right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00047-00011079-00011455 and um and when there are splits
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00048-00011456-00011551 then
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00049-00011552-00011814 we lose people and then
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00050-00011815-00011967 um
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00051-00011968-00012206 you know that stout tends to suggest a
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00052-00012207-00012446 constant downward trajectory which is
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00053-00012447-00012751 absolutely not not good that's not good
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00054-00012752-00012966 so here's the basic strategy we just
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00055-00012967-00013143 need more people
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00056-00013144-00013430 and so we're going to do outreach right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00057-00013431-00013599 we're going to reach out
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00058-00013600-00013838 to new people everywhere in different
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00059-00013840-00014038 places we'll try a bunch of different
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00060-00014040-00014383 strategies you know uh maybe uh you know
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00061-00014384-00014622 youtubers right or a certain kind of
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00062-00014623-00014871 youtubers maybe book authors
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00063-00014872-00014983 maybe
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00064-00014984-00015375 uh people in x uh region you know maybe
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00065-00015376-00015558 sub-saharan africa
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00066-00015559-00015711 uh maybe
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00067-00015712-00016094 uh large corporations in venezuela
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00068-00016095-00016175 right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00069-00016176-00016550 maybe um you know maybe people who are
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00070-00016551-00016791 uh interested in mining maybe people who
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00071-00016792-00017135 read coindesk right there are
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00072-00017136-00017471 there's a long long tail of different
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00073-00017472-00017703 niches right of people
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00074-00017704-00017839 that you know we could even just reach
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00075-00017840-00018047 out to people who are starting who have
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00076-00018048-00018294 registered new businesses in lagos
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00077-00018295-00018550 nigeria for example right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00078-00018551-00018894 people who just bought land right or um
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00079-00018895-00019127 you know or we could reach out to
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00080-00019128-00019519 um new smartphone owners in uh you know
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00081-00019520-00019735 kuala lumpur
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00082-00019736-00019943 they're the you know the list there's so
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00083-00019944-00020150 many different ways so we outreach and
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00084-00020151-00020383 we outreach constantly
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00085-00020384-00020647 and when we outreach
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00086-00020648-00020878 step two is we tell the bitcoin cash
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00087-00020879-00021055 story right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00088-00021056-00021383 so here's where we want to tell
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00089-00021384-00021663 our story why what makes bitcoin cash
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00090-00021664-00021886 special what are our values what are our
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00091-00021887-00022111 principles what's our history
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00092-00022112-00022447 what is uh what makes what sets bitcoin
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00093-00022448-00022783 the cash apart what is the unique value
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00094-00022784-00023030 that bitcoin cash you know as a nation
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00095-00023031-00023239 perhaps offers
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00096-00023240-00023439 to new people
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00097-00023440-00023719 build your prosperity with bitcoin cash
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00098-00023720-00023894 um
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00099-00023895-00024094 we tell a story right and so this is
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00100-00024095-00024327 kind of basically brand marketing at a
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00101-00024328-00024527 certain level right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00102-00024528-00024871 and then um you know we put them into uh
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00103-00024872-00025135 different marketing funnels and whatnot
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00104-00025136-00025294 you know there could be self-study
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00105-00025295-00025575 education you know telegram groups
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00106-00025576-00025918 discords uh subreddits whatever you know
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00107-00025919-00026127 the whole the whole thing you know in an
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00108-00026127-00026343 organized fashion people can be
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00109-00026344-00026623 introduced and educated until they are
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00110-00026624-00026823 literate in bitcoin cash right because
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00111-00026824-00027007 bitcoin cash kind of has its own
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00112-00027008-00027223 language as well as its own principles
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00113-00027224-00027446 and whatnot you know we we talk about
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00114-00027447-00027687 things like the white paper peer-to-peer
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00115-00027688-00027970 electronic cash decentralized
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00116-00027972-00028327 permissionlessness uh self-custody right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00117-00028327-00028446 um
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00118-00028447-00028558 yeah
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00119-00028560-00028662 so
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00120-00028663-00028870 then step three of the strategy is we
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00121-00028872-00029087 mentor them yeah
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00122-00029088-00029390 so you know as people interact with the
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00123-00029391-00029639 ecosystem with the software with the
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00124-00029639-00029846 libraries with the
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00125-00029847-00030158 the fun the t educational funnels uh
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00126-00030160-00030631 with the news etc we um we offer spaces
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00127-00030632-00030862 and we maintain attitudes
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00128-00030863-00031127 uh and dispositions that
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00129-00031127-00031374 support these new people you know not
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00130-00031375-00031623 not that tolerate bad behavior of course
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00131-00031624-00031814 you know i'm i'm
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00132-00031816-00032127 i'm a fan of uh not associating with
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00133-00032127-00032302 people who are
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00134-00032303-00032462 consistently
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00135-00032463-00032695 toxic
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00136-00032695-00032783 but
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00137-00032784-00033071 you know that is friendly and i think um
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00138-00033072-00033287 you know for example you know even it's
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00139-00033288-00033583 amazing that uh you know rbtc until
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00140-00033584-00033783 recently actually
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00141-00033784-00033895 was
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00142-00033896-00034102 really on an upward streak in terms of
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00143-00034103-00034351 people being nice but then i think some
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00144-00034352-00034551 tether
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00145-00034552-00034711 sock puppets or whatever came in there
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00146-00034712-00034911 but anyway it's always a constant
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00147-00034912-00035071 struggle there but
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00148-00035072-00035223 um
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00149-00035224-00035431 mentor right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00150-00035432-00035623 you know people i think there's a you
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00151-00035624-00035774 know i think there's a lot of overlap
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00152-00035775-00036046 between the bitcoin cash space space and
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00153-00036047-00036287 a lot of libertarian spaces and you know
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00154-00036288-00036535 in the libertarian space
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00155-00036536-00036718 people are just like well the market
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00156-00036719-00036911 will take care of it right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00157-00036912-00037071 the market will take care of it don't
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00158-00037072-00037343 bother me with these details right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00159-00037344-00037655 um and you know i've like for decades
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00160-00037656-00037839 been identifying that that that's kind
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00161-00037840-00038151 of a dumb thing to say right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00162-00038152-00038462 because we are the marketplace right and
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00163-00038463-00038662 so like the choices that we make every
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00164-00038663-00038862 day are the choices of the marketplace
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00165-00038863-00038951 so
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00166-00038952-00039167 if we just say ah let somebody else do
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00167-00039168-00039367 it right and then so that's kind of like
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00168-00039368-00039574 the marketplace choosing not to do it
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00169-00039575-00039679 yeah
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00170-00039680-00039918 and likewise um
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00171-00039919-00040183 you know we can't i don't think that you
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00172-00040184-00040351 know those of us who really want to see
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00173-00040352-00040583 bitcoin cash grow
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00174-00040584-00040783 i don't think it's enough for us to say
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00175-00040784-00040958 oh yeah just go to some telegram group
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00176-00040959-00041255 or just put up a thread right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00177-00041256-00041623 i think we have to take a more active
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00178-00041624-00041823 posture than that
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00179-00041824-00042079 we have to you know do a little hand
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00180-00042080-00042239 hand-holding
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00181-00042240-00042487 and uh do a little bit of personalized
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00182-00042488-00042574 um
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00183-00042575-00042758 help with people right
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00184-00042759-00043151 of course you know i'm never a fan of
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00185-00043152-00043302 you know like what i call changing
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00186-00043303-00043639 diapers right like overdoing it
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00187-00043640-00044015 like the the student always has to
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00188-00044016-00044207 you know seek out the teacher
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00189-00044208-00044302 really
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00190-00044303-00044455 um
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00191-00044456-00044687 you know and so when somebody asks like
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00192-00044688-00044990 i'm glad to help right somebody you know
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00193-00044991-00045215 somebody new i'm referring to right i'm
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00194-00045216-00045383 always glad to help or offer some
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00195-00045384-00045607 thoughts or words of encouragement but
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00196-00045608-00045807 like it doesn't makes we it doesn't make
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00197-00045808-00045958 sense for
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00198-00045959-00046295 for us to pursue one-on-one right but to
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00199-00046296-00046551 be available right and that doesn't mean
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00200-00046552-00046783 private conversations either it means
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00201-00046784-00047007 for example being active in reddit
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00202-00047008-00047246 threads and telegram groups and discord
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00203-00047247-00047615 groups and uh discord channels and uh
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00204-00047616-00047874 and for example i created a
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00205-00047875-00048015 forum.bitcoincash.site which is a
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00206-00048016-00048174 discourse forum
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00207-00048175-00048327 uh and that's
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00208-00048328-00048543 i think that's going to be a great place
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00209-00048544-00048695 uh to
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00210-00048696-00048911 mentor people right because it's away
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00211-00048912-00049030 from
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00212-00049031-00049367 the sometimes toxicity of reddit
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00213-00049368-00049695 um and you know telegram groups can
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00214-00049696-00049879 some of them are
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00215-00049880-00050102 just proudly toxic
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00216-00050103-00050383 and even the ones that aren't are
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00217-00050384-00050599 uh you know it's just like a river of
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00218-00050600-00050823 comments right it's the i think the
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00219-00050824-00051046 forum format is a little more suitable
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00220-00051047-00051190 so
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00221-00051191-00051311 so if you're watching this and you're
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00222-00051312-00051607 looking for uh help uh getting started
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00223-00051608-00051902 uh building in bitcoin cash or or using
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00224-00051903-00052054 bitcoin cash you know whatever you want
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00225-00052055-00052246 to do with bitcoin cash you can always
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00226-00052247-00052430 create a new thread
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00227-00052432-00052782 at a new post at uh forum dot bitcoin
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00228-00052783-00053087 cash dot site s-i-t-e
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00229-00053088-00053519 and um and we will help you so anyway uh
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00230-00053520-00053791 osm outreach story mentor this is the
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00231-00053791-00054126 basic strategy uh that i think we should
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00232-00054127-00054359 adopt that i'm gonna be i'm a i'm i mean
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00233-00054360-00054582 i'm developing it i'm adopting it
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00234-00054583-00054887 um and i hope to test it
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00235-00054888-00055030 more thoroughly
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00236-00055032-00055399 uh the rest of the year and uh into 2022
+qGxlyWcXQBg-00237-00055400-00055791 and let's keep building bitcoin cash
+qLO-_26CmBM-00000-00000020-00001400 [Music]
+qLO-_26CmBM-00001-00001401-00001509 [Laughter]
+qLO-_26CmBM-00002-00001510-00002983 [Music]
+qLO-_26CmBM-00003-00002984-00003192 you
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00000-00000144-00001439 [Music]
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00001-00001440-00001647 all right we got more classical
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00002-00001648-00001798 conditioning stuff for you here so now
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00003-00001800-00001998 we're going to look at um let's look at
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00004-00002000-00002231 delay conditioning right so but you turn
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00005-00002232-00002542 on the um the unconditional stimulus the
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00006-00002543-00002758 us you turn it on and as it's going
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00007-00002759-00002918 before you turn it off you turn on the
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00008-00002919-00003142 cs oh trace conditioning what do you do
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00009-00003143-00003303 we're going to turn the uh i'm going to
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00010-00003304-00003406 show you over here we're going to turn
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00011-00003407-00003606 the us on turn it off and then for about
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00012-00003607-00003775 a half a second inter stimulus interval
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00013-00003776-00003967 then we're going to turn the cs on and
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00014-00003968-00004070 then turn it
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00015-00004071-00004247 the last one is backward conditioning
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00016-00004248-00004463 which it is simply about presenting the
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00017-00004464-00004775 cs before the us
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00018-00004776-00004886 i think
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00019-00004887-00005047 csus yes
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00020-00005048-00005286 csvs csus i think i've gotten all of
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00021-00005287-00005683 these backwards possibly hold on
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00022-00005684-00005959 oh cs predicts the onset of the us the
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00023-00005960-00006151 us predicts the enzymes the secrets it's
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00024-00006152-00006391 okay to look things up yes so hold on
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00025-00006392-00006751 let me double check myself here
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00026-00006752-00006903 it's easier just to find this trace
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00027-00006904-00007046 because i'm in the t's no i'm not but
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00028-00007047-00007159 i'll get there all right trash
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00029-00007159-00007334 conditioning i think that was page 74 i
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00030-00007336-00007495 believe because i remember this and
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00031-00007495-00007646 ladies and gentlemen there is more than
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00032-00007647-00007974 one textbook out there um for um you
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00033-00007975-00008159 know behave analysis this is a good one
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00034-00008159-00008255 i'm not gonna tell you what it is but
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00035-00008256-00008414 you can look at it again um because i
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00036-00008415-00008695 don't advertise for this company so um
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00037-00008696-00008831 the us slightly after the start of the
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00038-00008832-00008974 cs i did get all this backwards we're
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00039-00008975-00009383 going to re-record it
+qpLp6tsAOw4-00040-00009384-00009656 all right
+qpcqYBoHzV0-00000-00000120-00003076 [Music]
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00000-00000003-00000722 stroke volume stroke volume sort of
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00001-00000723-00001033 makes complete sense it's the volume of
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00002-00001034-00001415 blood pumped by one ventricle in one
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00003-00001416-00002238 beat so it's a volume pumped
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00004-00002239-00003081 by one ventricle in one beat now look on
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00005-00003082-00003483 here there's a color-coded hint for you
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00006-00003484-00003921 and tell me what how can you calculate
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00007-00003922-00004440 the stroke volume the volume pumped by
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00008-00004441-00004815 one ventricle in one beat well your hint
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00009-00004816-00005385 is end diastolic volume and end systolic
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00010-00005386-00005742 volume and which one how would you use
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00011-00005743-00006056 those to calculate the stroke volume
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00012-00006057-00006281 they have the volume of blood pumped by
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00013-00006282-00006581 one ventricle and one beat will the end
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00014-00006583-00006903 diastolic volume is the maximum amount
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00015-00006904-00007181 of blood that the ventricles can hold
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00016-00007183-00007670 and so end diastolic volume is the big
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00017-00007672-00008055 number the end systolic volume is what's
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00018-00008056-00008459 left over after systole has occurred and
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00019-00008460-00008835 systolic volume and that's your stroke
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00020-00008836-00009132 volume doggies how easy was that that
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00021-00009133-00009492 was super straightforward um I feel like
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00022-00009493-00009614 there's something else that I got really
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00023-00009615-00009792 excited in my brain just a second ago to
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00024-00009793-00010032 like tell you like right this moment I
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00025-00010033-00010596 got excited and now it's gone got
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00026-00010597-00010746 nothing
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00027-00010747-00010966 sort of makes me sad cuz I feel like
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00028-00010967-00011383 there was something else yeah yeah yeah
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00029-00011384-00011755 yeah yeah yeah yeah all right
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00030-00011756-00011999 it was pretty straightforward wasn't it
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00031-00012000-00012370 we can use stroke volume to talk about
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00032-00012371-00012621 our next little object or a little
+qPQCOKV9UeQ-00033-00012622-00013003 measurement which is cardiac output
+qUETBWmYpL4-00000-00000926-00001515 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00001-00001516-00002246 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00002-00002247-00002291 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00003-00002292-00003627 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00004-00003628-00004820 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00005-00004821-00005761 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00006-00005762-00007392 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00007-00007393-00008502 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00008-00008503-00010304 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00009-00010305-00010527 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00010-00010528-00010613 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00011-00010614-00010697 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00012-00010698-00010827 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00013-00010828-00010904 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00014-00010905-00011038 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00015-00011039-00011079 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00016-00011080-00011333 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00017-00011334-00011412 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00018-00011413-00012424 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00019-00012425-00012433 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00020-00012434-00012987 [Laughter]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00021-00012988-00015440 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00022-00015441-00015626 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00023-00015627-00016063 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00025-00020118-00020719 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00026-00020720-00021485 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00027-00021486-00022415 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00028-00022416-00022441 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00029-00022442-00022814 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00030-00022815-00023244 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00031-00023245-00023297 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00032-00023298-00023497 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00033-00023498-00023631 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00034-00023632-00023895 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00035-00023896-00024123 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00036-00024124-00024276 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00037-00024277-00024324 [Applause]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00038-00024325-00025841 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00039-00025842-00027144 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00040-00027145-00028660 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00041-00028661-00030102 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00042-00030104-00031680 [Music]
+qUETBWmYpL4-00043-00031681-00031887 you
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00000-00000000-00000262 it's got you know a week for every or a
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00001-00000263-00000430 page for every week of the course and
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00002-00000431-00000599 then we have dates on each page their
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00003-00000600-00000749 date release I also took off the date
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00004-00000750-00000977 releases on a few of these Pages
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00005-00000977-00001145 um and then an instructor all they need
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00006-00001146-00001397 to do is once they're in there is
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00007-00001398-00001691 write an overview of their course this
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00008-00001692-00001864 is probably a little more advancing with
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00009-00001866-00002032 anybody at our University actually does
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00010-00002034-00002183 but you know write a teaser for what's
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00011-00002184-00002368 going to be happening that week and then
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00012-00002369-00002542 most importantly write the tasks the
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00013-00002543-00002602 students are supposed to be
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00014-00002603-00002873 accomplishing that week and then down
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00015-00002874-00003089 here in the resources section
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00016-00003090-00003269 upload every single file they're going
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00017-00003270-00003467 to need to accomplish those tasks the
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00018-00003468-00003647 videos they'll need and any activities
+qUQOQU0s1Dc-00019-00003647-00003950 they're supposed to accomplish
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00000-00000008-00000302 boom's moving back
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00001-00000303-00001095 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00002-00001096-00001651 all right we're back guys all right
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00003-00001652-00002063 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00004-00002064-00002631 oh okay
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00005-00002632-00003863 fresh off
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00006-00003864-00004263 okay okay stop more
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00007-00004264-00004943 okay okay
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00008-00004944-00006038 oh god oh my god
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00009-00006039-00006559 [Applause]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00010-00006559-00007006 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00011-00007008-00007806 they're coming for my soul oh
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00012-00007808-00008483 my bad guys we're back
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00013-00008484-00009951 okay
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00014-00009952-00010295 they're coming for me they're getting me
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00015-00010296-00010535 oh no they're gonna they're gonna get oh
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00016-00010536-00011006 no
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00017-00011007-00011471 okay stay the [__] back
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00018-00011472-00011903 okay we need more guys we need more guys
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00019-00011904-00012835 all right
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00020-00012836-00014083 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00021-00014084-00014552 what
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00022-00014553-00015486 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00023-00015487-00015797 i
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00024-00015797-00016883 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00025-00016884-00017483 me
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00026-00017484-00018283 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00027-00018284-00019683 apocalypse
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00028-00019684-00020143 oh
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00029-00020144-00022463 what is
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00030-00022464-00022600 this is
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00031-00022601-00023391 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00032-00023392-00023711 okay my dudes are all up here please be
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00033-00023712-00024498 safe for me
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00034-00024499-00025054 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00035-00025055-00026066 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00036-00026067-00026423 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00037-00026424-00027639 how many freaky ones sweetie
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00038-00027639-00029483 okay jesus christ
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00039-00029483-00029758 please
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00040-00029760-00030339 okay oh excuse the freaking
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00041-00030339-00030599 [Applause]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00042-00030600-00032670 okay oh oh oh
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00043-00032672-00032815 this might help just getting with all
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00044-00032816-00033683 these guys
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00045-00033684-00033823 okay
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00046-00033824-00035534 oh my god
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00047-00035535-00036383 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00048-00036384-00036679 guys this may remind you of goosey i
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00049-00036680-00036871 know
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00050-00036872-00039283 you know the gmod dude
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00051-00039284-00039967 oh
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00052-00039968-00040318 i must make an escape
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00053-00040319-00040671 i must make an escape
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00054-00040672-00042083 if i can get to it let me get to it in
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00055-00042084-00042295 time
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00056-00042296-00042511 okay about i'ma probably go in the air
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00057-00042512-00042623 boat
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00058-00042624-00044883 all right here we go here we go boys
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00059-00044884-00045502 oh
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00060-00045503-00046486 okay now we're really making an escape
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00061-00046487-00046871 no why
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00062-00046872-00047262 [__] you i broke the vehicles
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00063-00047263-00047927 break the vehicles i'm out of here
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00064-00047928-00048246 okay
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00065-00048247-00048815 okay i've been to safe world now
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00066-00048816-00049727 wait a minute wait a minute no i'm not
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00067-00049728-00050086 oh god it's the combine oh
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00068-00050087-00050574 oh god oh god
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00069-00050575-00051214 they're not even doing it
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00070-00051215-00051470 they're not even doing anything what the
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00071-00051471-00051630 [__] are you doing
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00072-00051632-00053072 what the [__] are you doing
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00073-00053073-00053342 [Music]
+qV7fDOn9d_Q-00074-00053344-00053551 you
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00000-00000003-00000296 boom what's up Internet Josh miles here
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00001-00000297-00000449 and today we're talking about the
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00002-00000450-00000692 balance of your bio and your personal
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00003-00000693-00001060 brand your 59 second Friday is up next
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00004-00001061-00001663 [Music]
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00005-00001664-00001942 hey welcome back guys it's good to see
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00006-00001943-00002014 you all again
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00007-00002016-00002249 Josh miles here for another 59 second
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00008-00002250-00002452 Friday where we try to unpack a
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00009-00002453-00002642 marketing or personal branding tip in
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00010-00002643-00002891 about a minute sometimes we even get
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00011-00002892-00003206 them close to that not very often today
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00012-00003207-00003461 we're talking about the impact of your
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00013-00003461-00003728 bio on your personal brand that little
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00014-00003729-00003988 thing inside of Instagram or Twitter or
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00015-00003989-00004195 on LinkedIn to talk about who you are
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00016-00004196-00004531 and what you do and what to expect I got
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00017-00004532-00004802 invited to join in in an Arizona State
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00018-00004803-00005027 University class that was taught online
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00019-00005028-00005213 one of the professor's threw out this
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00020-00005214-00005461 idea first you have to write your bio
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00021-00005462-00005699 then you have to live your bio what he
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00022-00005700-00005870 meant by that was he learned from one of
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00023-00005871-00006109 his students this concept of if you list
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00024-00006110-00006338 certain things on your bio those are the
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00025-00006339-00006470 things that you were effectively
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00026-00006470-00006698 promising to the viewer or to the
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00027-00006698-00006992 subscriber about what to expect on your
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00028-00006993-00007184 channel or your platform so that's
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00029-00007184-00007348 definitely something to keep in mind
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00030-00007350-00007526 what am i posting about what kind of
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00031-00007527-00007705 photos am i taking what kinds of
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00032-00007706-00008092 activities am i showing if I list bacon
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00033-00008093-00008426 and coffee and marketing maybe you know
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00034-00008427-00008594 somebody who does that then how much
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00035-00008595-00008837 bacon and coffee are you actually seeing
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00036-00008838-00009077 in my videos maybe not enough based on
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00037-00009078-00009359 his theory as you're writing your bio
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00038-00009360-00009638 are you actually living it out on that
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00039-00009639-00009863 channel and giving enough evidence that
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00040-00009864-00010070 you are who you said you are I hope
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00041-00010071-00010262 that's helpful if you'd like more things
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00042-00010263-00010460 to be thinking about as you're unpacking
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00043-00010461-00010714 your personal brand head over to Josh
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00044-00010715-00011030 miles comm slash brand audit to download
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00045-00011031-00011342 your free personal brand audit checklist
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00046-00011343-00011642 and of course thanks all for watching on
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00047-00011643-00011899 youtube make sure and hit like the end
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00048-00011900-00012098 subscribe and comment down below and let
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00049-00012099-00012320 me know what other topics are you
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00050-00012321-00012488 thinking about for your personal brand
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00051-00012489-00012649 that you think I should cover next
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00052-00012650-00012874 thanks for watching we'll see you next
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00053-00012875-00013111 time
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00054-00013112-00013376 today we're talking about the influence
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00055-00013377-00013781 of note I hope that's helpful if you'd
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00056-00013782-00013976 like more things to think about during
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00057-00013977-00014637 your
+qVg1B1vM1rk-00058-00014638-00015233 [Music]
+qW9Ej3c9Sn0-00000-00000008-00000412 i wonder what's for dinner
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00000-00000000-00000206 guys have talked about
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00001-00000208-00000383 how your shooting will come and go but
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00002-00000384-00000574 the defense kind of has to be a constant
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00003-00000575-00000711 pull out games where you're not hitting
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00004-00000712-00000815 your shots
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00005-00000816-00001054 um could you just i guess illustrate how
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00006-00001055-00001303 vital that was in this game where
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00007-00001304-00001503 i think you got shot 15 in the second
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00008-00001504-00001695 quarter and the shooting was coming and
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00009-00001696-00001814 going all night
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00010-00001816-00001851 yeah
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00011-00001852-00001982 [Music]
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00012-00001984-00002239 you know when you're getting stops um
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00013-00002240-00002375 that makes up for a lot of different
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00014-00002376-00002558 things i think tonight our shots started
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00015-00002559-00002758 to fall in that third quarter and was
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00016-00002759-00003215 able to get us a nice little lead and um
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00017-00003215-00003359 you know we had to figure out where
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00018-00003360-00003479 we're gonna get our energy from we've
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00019-00003479-00003686 been playing our last six games at home
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00020-00003688-00003879 so we started missing
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00021-00003879-00004054 four or five shots our crowd just you
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00022-00004055-00004222 know trying to get excited for us but
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00023-00004223-00004438 not here in a row you know so we got to
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00024-00004439-00004591 figure out where we get the energy from
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00025-00004592-00004759 and i think we got it from each other
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00026-00004760-00004959 there in that second half and
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00027-00004960-00005167 but the defenses stayed consistent they
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00028-00005168-00005438 shoot 38 from the field
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00029-00005439-00005551 uh
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00030-00005552-00005799 we all rebounded them so that's pretty
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00031-00005800-00006063 that's a solid night and when
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00032-00006064-00006263 they went on an 11-2 run and got to
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00033-00006264-00006470 within two late maybe about three
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00034-00006472-00006670 minutes left two and a half minutes left
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00035-00006672-00006878 um and you were able to kind of take
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00036-00006879-00007078 over and salt it away i mean what were
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00037-00007079-00007319 you able to do in terms of what were you
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00038-00007320-00007478 able to take advantage of to get to your
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00039-00007479-00007639 spot to be able to put this away that
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00040-00007640-00007983 way i just i really think that
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00041-00007984-00008183 i missed too many shots tonight i felt
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00042-00008184-00008374 like i got to my spots but i got to do a
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00043-00008375-00008614 better job
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00044-00008615-00008791 sticking with my fundamentals once i get
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00045-00008792-00008942 there so we don't even have to be in
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00046-00008943-00009295 these positions you know me up 18 16
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00047-00009296-00009535 that could have been 23 24 if i made a
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00048-00009536-00009687 few of those shots so i don't take some
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00049-00009688-00009878 of those but i took a couple bad threes
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00050-00009879-00010142 you know so i feel like if you know i'm
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00051-00010143-00010278 getting to my spot all night getting
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00052-00010279-00010431 downhill that's usually good for our
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00053-00010432-00010535 team and
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00054-00010536-00010735 you know it was in spurts for me tonight
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00055-00010736-00010942 but it was good to see a couple go down
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00056-00010943-00011367 in the fourth and uh it's good to get a
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00057-00011368-00011463 you win
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00058-00011464-00011663 had 39 in the first half and essentially
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00059-00011664-00011863 doubled that in the third
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00060-00011864-00011974 working offense with you guys during
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00061-00011975-00012095 that stretch
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00062-00012096-00012327 um we met i mean like it's a make or
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00063-00012328-00012503 miss league you see a couple threes go
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00064-00012504-00012623 in and
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00065-00012624-00012799 marcus got it going for us knocking down
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00066-00012800-00012983 the midi um
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00067-00012984-00013166 we just started to make shots i got i
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00068-00013168-00013366 made probably five out of my six shots
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00069-00013368-00013607 there in the third you know so
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00070-00013608-00013799 um you know when you when you see the
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00071-00013800-00013943 ball go through the rim it just gives
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00072-00013944-00014086 you a little bit more energy it fired
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00073-00014087-00014255 the bench up which made us better on the
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00074-00014256-00014463 defensive side of the ball so
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00075-00014463-00014551 um
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00076-00014552-00014758 but i just like how we didn't get down
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00077-00014759-00014951 big early
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00078-00014952-00015127 in spite you know even though we shot
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00079-00015128-00015327 bad we stuck with our defense we talked
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00080-00015328-00015550 all night we won one string so that's
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00081-00015551-00016055 that's a step in the right direction
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00082-00016056-00016327 oh yeah
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00083-00016328-00016599 i love kate's game i think he's going to
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00084-00016600-00016750 be a
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00085-00016751-00016950 tough tough cover for a long long time
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00086-00016951-00017094 got to know when he was in high school
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00087-00017095-00017303 so we built a little relationship and to
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00088-00017304-00017430 play
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00089-00017431-00017679 against him in the nba is
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00090-00017680-00017830 sweet we had a lot of conversations
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00091-00017831-00017935 about
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00092-00017936-00018158 being on this level and what it took and
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00093-00018159-00018367 to see him out here battled through some
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00094-00018368-00018535 injuries to start but to come out here
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00095-00018536-00018694 and play aggressive tonight hit some big
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00096-00018695-00018839 shots for him
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00097-00018840-00019039 um i'm happy for him looking forward to
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00098-00019040-00019271 seeing his career
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00099-00019272-00019439 did you guys get into it a little bit
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00100-00019440-00019694 verbally oh yeah of course i mean you
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00101-00019695-00019919 got guys that you known and like i said
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00102-00019920-00020103 this is this is really one of my guys
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00103-00020104-00020311 you know so
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00104-00020312-00020519 um when i'm guarding him i know he's
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00105-00020520-00020599 gonna
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00106-00020600-00020758 come i want him to come with me as best
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00107-00020759-00020935 as he can and when he's guarding me i'm
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00108-00020936-00021094 gonna do the same it's just
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00109-00021095-00021278 that friendly competition it ramps up a
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00110-00021279-00021622 bit when you when you know somebody
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00111-00021623-00021750 what was it like to go from the ball
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00112-00021751-00021911 you've always played with to the olympic
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00113-00021912-00022191 ball and then a new ball
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00114-00022192-00022414 oh it's the same i mean it's just always
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00115-00022415-00022567 an adjustment period i guess when you
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00116-00022568-00022639 first
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00117-00022640-00022958 you know get a feel for it
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00118-00022959-00023199 but after some time using the ball you
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00119-00023200-00023494 just get used to it after a while
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00120-00023495-00023671 some people say it's an issue how do you
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00121-00023672-00023814 feel
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00122-00023815-00024111 i mean i think
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00123-00024112-00024478 i mean for me i can't go i can't talk
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00124-00024479-00024583 for my
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00125-00024584-00024791 peers but for me i mean i just feel the
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00126-00024792-00024919 same
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00127-00024920-00025158 i mean every ball is has to be worn in a
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00128-00025159-00025350 little bit before you get that
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00129-00025351-00025631 that feel and um even with the spaulding
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00130-00025632-00025822 balls it took you know once the newer
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00131-00025823-00025999 balls were tough to play with
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00132-00026000-00026143 because they slipped out your hand a bit
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00133-00026144-00026351 but once you once they got warmed up
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00134-00026352-00026558 they was cool so the the wilson was
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00135-00026560-00026743 still the same
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00136-00026744-00026967 it's a good atmosphere tonight what are
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00137-00026968-00027167 you expected in toronto
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00138-00027168-00027455 ridiculous i'm excited that toronto
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00139-00027456-00027646 is open again and they got their their
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00140-00027647-00027902 team back um it was a rough year for
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00141-00027904-00028055 them being in tampa and moving your
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00142-00028056-00028287 whole organization so
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00143-00028288-00028462 um
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00144-00028463-00028646 it's exciting that you know we get to go
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00145-00028647-00028831 up there and play again that's a that's
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00146-00028832-00029102 a unique fan base and um
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00147-00029104-00029279 you know they're going to be
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00148-00029280-00029470 on their feet all game and bring giving
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00149-00029472-00029614 their team some energy so this is going
+qXnB_Dv2T2E-00150-00029616-00029960 to be a nice test for us that's a good
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00000-00000048-00000356 Greenwich Mean Time GMT is the mean
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00001-00000357-00000574 solar time at the Royal Observatory in
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00002-00000575-00000757 Greenwich London reckoned from midnight
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00003-00000758-00001040 at different times in the past it has
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00004-00001041-00001199 been calculated in different ways
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00005-00001200-00001427 including being calculated from noon as
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00006-00001428-00001619 a consequence it cannot be used to
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00007-00001620-00001871 specify a precise time unless a context
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00008-00001872-00002237 is given English speakers often use GMT
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00009-00002238-00002471 as a synonym for coordinated Universal
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00010-00002472-00002837 Time UTC for navigation it is considered
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00011-00002838-00003077 equivalent to ut1 the modern form of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00012-00003078-00003257 mean solar time at zero degrees
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00013-00003258-00003434 longitude but this meaning can differ
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00014-00003435-00003881 from UTC by up to 0.9 s the term GMT
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00015-00003882-00004052 should not be used for technical
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00016-00004053-00004301 purposes because of Earth's uneven speed
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00017-00004302-00004508 in its elliptical orbit and its axial
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00018-00004509-00004747 tilt noon 12 hours 0 minutes and 0
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00019-00004748-00005063 seconds GMT is rarely the exact moment
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00020-00005064-00005197 the Sun crosses the Greenwich Meridian
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00021-00005198-00005420 and reaches its highest point in the sky
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00022-00005421-00005713 there this event may occur up to 16
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00023-00005714-00005972 minutes before or after noon GMT a
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00024-00005973-00006203 discrepancy calculated by the equation
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00025-00006204-00006511 of time noon GMT as the annual average
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00026-00006512-00006848 ie mean moment of this event which
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00027-00006848-00007162 accounts for the word mean in Greenwich
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00028-00007163-00007526 Mean Time originally astronomers
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00029-00007527-00007759 considered a GMT day to start at noon
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00030-00007760-00007939 while for almost everyone else it
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00031-00007940-00008216 started at midnight to avoid confusion
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00032-00008217-00008446 the name Universal Time was introduced
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00033-00008447-00008724 to denote GMT as counted from midnight
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00034-00008725-00008966 astronomers preferred the old convention
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00035-00008967-00009191 to simplify their observational data so
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00036-00009192-00009328 that each night was logged under a
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00037-00009329-00009619 single calendar date today Universal
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00038-00009620-00009934 Time usually refers to UTC or u t1 the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00039-00009935-00010327 term GMT is especially used by bodies
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00040-00010328-00010523 connected with the United Kingdom such
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00041-00010524-00010780 as the BBC World Service the Royal Navy
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00042-00010781-00011005 the Met Office and others particularly
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00043-00011006-00011188 in Arab countries such as the Middle
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00044-00011189-00011494 East broadcasting Center in OSN it is a
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00045-00011495-00011689 term commonly used in the United Kingdom
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00046-00011690-00011833 and countries of the Commonwealth
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00047-00011834-00012098 including Australia New Zealand South
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00048-00012099-00012391 Africa India Pakistan Bangladesh and
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00049-00012392-00012592 Malaysia and in many other countries of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00050-00012593-00012856 the eastern hemisphere in some countries
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00051-00012857-00013075 the United Kingdom for example Greenwich
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00052-00013076-00013250 Mean Time as the legal time in the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00053-00013251-00013480 winter and the population uses the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00054-00013481-00013788 see GMT and legislation below for
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00055-00013790-00014388 further explanation
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00056-00014390-00014894 topic history
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00057-00014894-00015125 as the United Kingdom grew into an
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00058-00015126-00015311 advanced maritime nation British
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00059-00015312-00015472 Mariners kept at least one chronometer
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00060-00015473-00015769 on GMT to calculate their longitude from
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00061-00015770-00015932 the Greenwich Meridian which was by
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00062-00015933-00016127 convention considered to have longitude
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00063-00016128-00016369 zero degrees internationally adopted in
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00064-00016370-00016562 the International Meridian Conference of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00065-00016563-00016883 1884 synchronization of the chronometer
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00066-00016884-00017153 on GMT did not affect shipboard time
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00067-00017154-00017408 which was still solar time but this
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00068-00017409-00017594 practice combined with Mariners from
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00069-00017595-00017765 other nations drawing from naval
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00070-00017766-00017972 masculine method of lunar distances
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00071-00017973-00018178 based on observations at Greenwich led
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00072-00018179-00018392 to GMT being used worldwide as a
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00073-00018393-00018599 standard time independent of location
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00074-00018600-00018944 most time zones were based upon GMT as
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00075-00018945-00019124 an offset of a number of hours and
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00076-00019125-00019391 possibly half or quarter hours ahead of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00077-00019392-00019978 GMT or behind GMT Greenwich Mean Time
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00078-00019979-00020200 was adopted across the island of Great
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00079-00020201-00020411 Britain by the railway Clearing House in
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00080-00020412-00020711 1847 and by almost all railway companies
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00081-00020712-00020872 by the following year from which the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00082-00020873-00021208 term railway time is derived it was
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00083-00021209-00021443 gradually adopted for other purposes but
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00084-00021444-00021761 a legal case in 1858 held local mean
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00085-00021762-00022087 time to be the official time on the 14th
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00086-00022088-00022364 of May 1880 a letter signed by clerk two
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00087-00022365-00022583 justices appeared in The Times stating
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00088-00022584-00022837 that Greenwich Time is now kept almost
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00089-00022838-00023021 throughout England but it appears that
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00090-00023022-00023339 Greenwich Time is not legal time for
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00091-00023340-00023584 example our polling booths were opened
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00092-00023585-00024068 say at 8:13 and closed at 4:13 p.m. this
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00093-00024069-00024328 was changed later in 1880 when Greenwich
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00094-00024329-00024521 Mean Time was legally adopted throughout
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00095-00024522-00024818 the island of Great Britain GMT was
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00096-00024819-00025046 adopted on the Isle of Man in 1883
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00097-00025047-00025422 Jersey in 1898 and Guernsey in 1913
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00098-00025423-00025846 Ireland adopted GMT in 1916 supplanting
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00099-00025847-00026131 Dublin mean time hourly time signals
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00100-00026132-00026320 from Greenwich Observatory were first
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00101-00026322-00026608 broadcast on the 5th of February 1924
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00102-00026609-00026758 rendering the time ball at the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00103-00026759-00027046 observatory redundant the daily rotation
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00104-00027047-00027295 of the earth is irregular see delta T
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00105-00027297-00027494 and constantly slows therefore the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00106-00027495-00027692 atomic clocks constitute a much more
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00107-00027693-00027996 stable time base on the 1st of January
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00108-00027997-00028120 1972
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00109-00028122-00028258 GMT was
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00110-00028260-00028448 proceeded as the international civil
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00111-00028449-00028676 time standard by coordinated universal
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00112-00028677-00028919 time maintained by an ensemble of atomic
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00113-00028920-00029195 clocks around the world Universal Time
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00114-00029195-00029543 UT a term introduced in 1928 initially
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00115-00029544-00029720 represented mean time at Greenwich
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00116-00029720-00029879 determined in the traditional way to
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00117-00029880-00030041 accord with the originally defined
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00118-00030042-00030313 universal day from the first of January
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00119-00030314-00030652 1956 as decided by the IAU at Dublin
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00120-00030652-00030895 1955 at the initiative of William
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00121-00030897-00031229 Markowitz this raw form of UT was
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00122-00031230-00031439 relabeled UT 0 and effectively
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00123-00031439-00031789 superseded by refined forms UT 1 UT 0
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00124-00031791-00031970 equalized for the effects of polar
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00125-00031970-00032285 wandering in UT 2 UT 1 further equalized
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00126-00032286-00032501 for annual seasonal variations in earth
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00127-00032502-00032831 rotation rate indeed even the Greenwich
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00128-00032832-00033014 Meridian itself is not quite what it
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00129-00033015-00033308 used to be defined by the center of the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00130-00033309-00033542 transit instrument at the observatory at
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00131-00033543-00033821 Greenwich although that instrument still
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00132-00033822-00034013 survives in working order it is no
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00133-00034014-00034193 longer in use and now the meridian of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00134-00034194-00034397 origin of the world's longitude and time
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00135-00034398-00034619 is not strictly defined in material form
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00136-00034620-00034793 but from a statistical solution
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00137-00034794-00035014 resulting from observations of all-time
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00138-00035015-00035270 determination stations which the be ipm
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00139-00035271-00035480 takes into account when coordinating the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00140-00035481-00035759 world's time signals nevertheless the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00141-00035760-00035951 line in the old observatories courtyard
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00142-00035952-00036155 today differs no more than a few metres
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00143-00036156-00036344 from that imaginary line which is now
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00144-00036345-00037002 the prime meridian of the world
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00145-00037003-00037739 topic ambiguity in the definition of GMT
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00146-00037740-00038037 historically GMT has been used with two
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00147-00038038-00038190 different conventions for numbering
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00148-00038191-00038487 hours the long-standing astronomical
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00149-00038488-00038646 convention dating from the work of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00150-00038647-00038854 Ptolemy was to refer to noon as zero
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00151-00038855-00039174 hours see Julian day this contrasted
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00152-00039175-00039312 with the civil convention of referring
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00153-00039313-00039537 to midnight as zero hours dating from
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00154-00039538-00039604 the Romans
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00155-00039605-00039874 the latter convention was adopted on and
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00156-00039875-00040161 after the 1st of January 1925 for
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00157-00040162-00040374 astronomical purposes resulting in a
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00158-00040375-00040620 discontinuity of 12 hours or half a day
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00159-00040621-00040911 the instant that was designated December
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00160-00040912-00041343 31 point 5 GMT in 1924 almanacs became
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00161-00041344-00041848 january 1.0 GMT in 1925 almanacs the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00162-00041849-00042108 term greenwich mean astronomical time GM
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00163-00042109-00042376 80 was introduced to unambiguously refer
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00164-00042377-00042592 to the previous noon based astronomical
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00165-00042593-00042907 convention for GMT the more specific
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00166-00042908-00043149 terms UT and UT see do not share this
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00167-00043150-00043360 ambiguity always referring to midnight
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00168-00043361-00043969 as 0 hours
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00169-00043970-00044619 topic GMT in legislation
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00170-00044620-00044965 you
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00171-00044966-00045646 topic united kingdom legally the civil
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00172-00045647-00045845 time used in the UK is called still
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00173-00045846-00046077 Greenwich Mean Time without
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00174-00046078-00046255 capitalization according to the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00175-00046256-00046511 interpretation act 1978 with an
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00176-00046512-00046690 exception made for those periods when
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00177-00046691-00046985 the summertime act 1972 orders an hour's
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00178-00046986-00047201 shift for daylight saving the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00179-00047202-00047504 interpretation act 1978 section 9
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00180-00047505-00047717 provides that whenever an expression of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00181-00047718-00047917 time occurs in an act the time referred
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00182-00047918-00048104 to shall unless otherwise specifically
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00183-00048105-00048332 stated be held to be Greenwich Mean Time
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00184-00048333-00048661 under subsection 23 3 the same rule
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00185-00048662-00048862 applies to deeds and other instruments
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00186-00048863-00049217 during the experiment of 1968 to 1971
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00187-00049218-00049436 when the British Isles did not revert to
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00188-00049437-00049601 Greenwich Mean Time during the winter
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00189-00049602-00049789 the all year British summer time was
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00190-00049790-00050149 called British Standard Time BST in the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00191-00050150-00050435 UK UTC plus o is disseminated to the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00192-00050436-00050701 general public in winter and UTC plus 1
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00193-00050702-00051011 in summer BBC radio stations broadcast a
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00194-00051012-00051340 6 pips of the Greenwich Time signal it
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00195-00051341-00051580 is named from its original generation at
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00196-00051582-00051751 the Royal Greenwich Observatory is
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00197-00051752-00051970 aligned to coordinated Universal Time
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00198-00051971-00052171 and called either Greenwich Mean Time or
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00199-00052172-00052366 British summer time as appropriate for
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00200-00052367-00052913 the time of year
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00201-00052914-00053274 topic other countries
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00202-00053275-00053435 you
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00203-00053436-00053660 several countries define their local
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00204-00053661-00053872 time by reference to Greenwich Mean Time
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00205-00053873-00054249 some examples are Belgium decrees of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00206-00054250-00054637 1946 and 1947 set legal time as one hour
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00207-00054638-00055000 ahead of GMT Ireland Standard Time
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00208-00055001-00055336 amendment act 1971 section 1 an
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00209-00055337-00055675 interpretation Act 2005 Part IV Section
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00210-00055676-00056212 18 I Canada interpretation act RSC 1985
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00211-00056213-00056704 C I 21 section 35 1 this refers to
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00212-00056705-00056905 standard time for the several provinces
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00213-00056906-00057148 defining each in relation to Greenwich
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00214-00057149-00057337 Time but does not use the expression
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00215-00057338-00057596 Greenwich Mean Time several provinces
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00216-00057597-00057884 such as Nova Scotia time definition act
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00217-00057885-00058429 RS C 469 s 1 have their own legislation
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00218-00058430-00058603 which specifically mentions either
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00219-00058604-00058957 Greenwich Mean Time or Greenwich means
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00220-00058958-00059544 solar time
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00221-00059545-00060073 topic timezone
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00222-00060074-00060301 Greenwich Mean Time has used a standard
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00223-00060302-00060499 time in the following countries which
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00224-00060500-00060757 also advanced their clock one hour GMT
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00225-00060758-00061126 plus one in summer United Kingdom where
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00226-00061127-00061315 the summer time is called British summer
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00227-00061316-00061699 time BST Republic of Ireland where it is
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00228-00061700-00061890 called Irish Standard Time East
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00229-00061891-00062307 officially changing to GMT in winter
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00230-00062308-00062517 Portugal with the exception of the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00231-00062519-00062758 Azores country subdivisions or dependent
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00232-00062759-00063202 territories Canary Islands Spain Faroe
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00233-00063203-00063405 Islands Greenwich Mean Time has used a
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00234-00063407-00063565 standard time year-round in the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00235-00063566-00063765 following countries in areas
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00236-00063766-00064362 Iceland Burkina Faso The Gambia Ghana
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00237-00064363-00064691 Guinea guinea-bissau
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00238-00064692-00065354 Ivory Coast Liberia Mali Mauritania
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00239-00065355-00065784 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Senegal
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00240-00065785-00066280 Sierra Leone Togo st. Helena Ascension
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00241-00066281-00066931 and Tristan da Cunha to UK
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00242-00066932-00067312 topic discrepancies between legal GMT
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00243-00067313-00067631 and geographical GMT
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00244-00067632-00067869 you
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00245-00067870-00068106 since legal political social and
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00246-00068107-00068310 economic criteria in addition to
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00247-00068311-00068538 physical or geographical criteria are
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00248-00068539-00068766 used in the drawing of time zones actual
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00249-00068767-00068979 time zones do not precisely adhere to
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00250-00068980-00069342 meridian lines the gmt time zone were it
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00251-00069343-00069573 drawn by purely geographical terms would
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00252-00069574-00069768 consist of the area between meridians
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00253-00069769-00070056 seven degrees 30 w and seven degrees 30
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00254-00070057-00070380 e as a result there are european locales
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00255-00070381-00070566 that despite lying in an area with a
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00256-00070567-00070811 physical UTC time use another time zone
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00257-00070812-00071130 UTC plus one in particular conversely
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00258-00071131-00071373 there are european areas that use UTC
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00259-00071374-00071574 even though their physical time zone as
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00260-00071575-00071967 UTC minus one EG most of Portugal or UTC
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00261-00071968-00072204 minus to the westernmost part of Iceland
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00262-00072205-00072516 because the UTC time zone in Europe is
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00263-00072517-00072636 shifted to the west
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00264-00072637-00072840 Lowestoft in the United Kingdom at only
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00265-00072841-00073059 one degree 45 he is the easternmost
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00266-00073060-00073284 settlement in Europe in which UTC is
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00267-00073285-00073521 applied following as a list of the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00268-00073522-00073821 incongruencies countries or parts
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00269-00073822-00074219 thereof west of 22 degrees 30 w physical
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00270-00074220-00074559 UTC minus two that use UTC th e
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00271-00074560-00074778 westernmost part of iceland including
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00272-00074779-00074958 the northwest peninsula and its main
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00273-00074959-00075210 town of ISIF your which is west of 22
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00274-00075211-00075609 degrees 30 w uses UTC bjorg Tanger
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00275-00075610-00075804 iceland as the westernmost point in
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00276-00075805-00076065 which UTC is applied countries or parts
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00277-00076066-00076436 thereof west of 7 degrees 30 w physical
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00278-00076437-00076755 UTC minus 1 that use u Canary Islands
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00279-00076756-00077112 Spain most of portugal including lisbon
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00280-00077113-00077427 poor to Braga Aveiro and Coimbra only
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00281-00077428-00077634 the easternmost part including cities
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00282-00077635-00077871 such as brig Anka and Garda lies east of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00283-00077872-00078126 7 degrees 30 W since the Treaty of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00284-00078127-00078393 Windsor in 1386 the world's oldest
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00285-00078394-00078594 diplomatic alliance Portugal has
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00286-00078595-00078810 maintained close ties to the UK which
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00287-00078811-00079067 possibly explains its choice of UTC
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00288-00079068-00079338 Madeira even further to the west also
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00289-00079339-00079725 employs UTC a more likely explanation is
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00290-00079726-00079968 that during the mid-1970s when Portugal
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00291-00079969-00080190 was on Central European time all year
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00292-00080191-00080370 round it did not begin to get light in
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00293-00080371-00080718 Lisbon in winter until 8:30 western part
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00294-00080719-00080928 of Ireland including the cities of Cork
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00295-00080929-00081126 Limerick and Galway
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00296-00081127-00081363 westernmost tip of Northern Ireland
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00297-00081364-00081546 including the county town of county
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00298-00081547-00081863 fermanagh andis killin extreme westerly
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00299-00081864-00082029 portion of the Outer Hebrides
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00300-00082030-00082257 west of Scotland for instance voters say
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00301-00082258-00082461 an inhabited island and the westernmost
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00302-00082462-00082629 settlement of the island of Great
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00303-00082630-00082986 Britain lies at 7 degrees 54 w if
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00304-00082987-00083229 uninhabited islands or rocks are taken
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00305-00083230-00083436 into account st. kilda west of the Outer
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00306-00083437-00083757 Hebrides at 8 degrees 58 W and rock hall
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00307-00083758-00084137 at 13 degrees 41 w should be included
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00308-00084138-00084407 westernmost island of the Faroe Islands
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00309-00084408-00084624 autonomous region of the Danish kingdom
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00310-00084625-00085010 my kinds Iceland including Reykjavik
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00311-00085011-00085257 northeastern part of Greenland including
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00312-00085258-00085551 Denmark shell countries mostly between
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00313-00085552-00085851 meridians 7 degrees 30 W and 7 degrees
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00314-00085852-00086369 30 e physical UTC that use UTC + 1 Spain
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00315-00086370-00086588 except for the Canary Islands which use
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00316-00086589-00086871 UTC parts of Galicia lie west of 7
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00317-00086872-00087201 degrees 30 W physical UTC minus 1
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00318-00087202-00087413 whereas there is no Spanish territory
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00319-00087414-00087759 east of 7 degrees 30 e physical UTC plus
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00320-00087760-00088074 1 Spain's time as the direct result of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00321-00088075-00088307 Franco's presidential order published in
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00322-00088308-00088532 Bulletin oficial del estado of the 8th
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00323-00088533-00088791 of March 1940 abandoning Greenwich Mean
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00324-00088792-00088974 Time and advancing clocks one hour
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00325-00088975-00089319 effective 2300 the 16th of March 1940
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00326-00089320-00089553 this is an excellent example of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00327-00089554-00089763 political criteria used in the drawing
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00328-00089764-00089976 of time zones the time change was passed
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00329-00089977-00090255 in consideration of the convenience from
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00330-00090256-00090462 the National time marching and stepped
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00331-00090463-00090609 according to that of other European
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00332-00090610-00090993 countries the presidential order most
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00333-00090994-00091188 likely enacted to be in synchrony with
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00334-00091189-00091401 Germany and Italy with which the Franco
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00335-00091402-00091619 regime was in officially allied included
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00336-00091620-00091815 in its fifth article a provision for its
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00337-00091816-00092021 future phase-out which never took place
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00338-00092022-00092328 due to this political decision Spain is
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00339-00092329-00092505 two hours ahead of its local mean time
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00340-00092506-00092706 during the summer one hour ahead in
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00341-00092707-00092898 winter which possibly explains the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00342-00092899-00093105 notoriously late schedule for which the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00343-00093106-00093393 country is known in Portugal which is a
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00344-00093394-00093630 mere one hour behind Spain the timetable
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00345-00093631-00093885 is quite different most of France
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00346-00093886-00094104 including the cities of Paris Marseille
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00347-00094105-00094371 and Lyon only small parts of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00348-00094372-00094488 alsace-lorraine
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00349-00094489-00094728 Provence or east of seven degrees 30 e
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00350-00094729-00095299 physical UTC plus one Monaco
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00351-00095300-00096240 and Dora Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00352-00096241-00096790 topic see also
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00353-00096791-00097129 coordinated Universal Time Greenwich
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00354-00097130-00097405 Time signal Ruth Belleville the
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00355-00097406-00097597 Greenwich Time lady daughter of John
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00356-00097598-00097786 Henry Belleville who was in business of
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00357-00097787-00098003 daily personal distribution of Greenwich
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00358-00098004-00098341 Mean Time via a watch 24-hour watch
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00359-00098342-00098810 24-hour wristwatch radio clock marine
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00360-00098811-00099061 chronometer synchronized with GMT and
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00361-00099062-00099229 used by ships to calculate their
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00362-00099230-00099547 longitude time in the United Kingdom
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00363-00099548-00099862 swatch internet time alternative decimal
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00364-00099863-00100162 measure of time Western European summer
+qXvYWt1Co-4-00365-00100163-00100610 time equals equals notes
+qYzQisWmyMM-00000-00000023-00000324 [Applause]
+qYzQisWmyMM-00001-00000325-00000419 [Music]
+qYzQisWmyMM-00002-00000420-00000642 [Applause]
+qYzQisWmyMM-00004-00021577-00021722 [Applause]
+qYzQisWmyMM-00005-00021723-00022869 [Music]
+qYzQisWmyMM-00006-00022870-00025210 [Music]
+qYzQisWmyMM-00007-00025211-00026075 oh yeah committee go h i j k m
+qYzQisWmyMM-00008-00026076-00027037 p q r s t u v w x y and z now i know my
+qYzQisWmyMM-00009-00027038-00027447 abcs next time
+qZTotxwXYMI-00000-00001225-00002375 [Music]
+qZTotxwXYMI-00001-00002376-00002487 hello everyone
+qZTotxwXYMI-00002-00002488-00002718 and welcome to this fireside chat with
+qZTotxwXYMI-00003-00002719-00002831 matthew prince
+qZTotxwXYMI-00004-00002832-00003142 the co-founder and ceo of cloudflare
+qZTotxwXYMI-00005-00003143-00003351 my name is joyce hackmay i'm a senior
+qZTotxwXYMI-00006-00003352-00003511 researcher at chatham house
+qZTotxwXYMI-00007-00003511-00003735 a london-based think tank and i'm the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00008-00003736-00004047 co-editor of the journal of cyber policy
+qZTotxwXYMI-00009-00004047-00004303 the unprecedented digital adoption that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00010-00004304-00004422 we have been witnessing
+qZTotxwXYMI-00011-00004423-00004654 since the start of the pandemic has
+qZTotxwXYMI-00012-00004655-00004727 shown how
+qZTotxwXYMI-00013-00004728-00004999 important and indispensable digital
+qZTotxwXYMI-00014-00005000-00005135 technologies are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00015-00005136-00005367 and for the millions of people who have
+qZTotxwXYMI-00016-00005368-00005535 transitioned at speed
+qZTotxwXYMI-00017-00005536-00005775 into a more virtual way of living the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00018-00005776-00005847 benefits
+qZTotxwXYMI-00019-00005848-00006151 as well as the risks abound in this
+qZTotxwXYMI-00020-00006152-00006327 chart we will be focusing on the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00021-00006328-00006559 exponential use of the internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-00022-00006559-00006734 during the pandemic and what the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00023-00006736-00006998 implications of this increased use are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00024-00007000-00007206 in particular from a resilience point of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00025-00007208-00007383 view it has become
+qZTotxwXYMI-00026-00007384-00007639 clearer that this rapid and unplanned
+qZTotxwXYMI-00027-00007640-00007734 for
+qZTotxwXYMI-00028-00007736-00007951 digital adoption has brought new
+qZTotxwXYMI-00029-00007952-00008167 opportunities for cyber attacks
+qZTotxwXYMI-00030-00008168-00008310 whether against critical national
+qZTotxwXYMI-00031-00008311-00008478 infrastructure including
+qZTotxwXYMI-00032-00008479-00008703 health healthcare institutions to small
+qZTotxwXYMI-00033-00008704-00008863 and medium enterprises
+qZTotxwXYMI-00034-00008864-00009046 and attacks against the individual
+qZTotxwXYMI-00035-00009047-00009191 internet users
+qZTotxwXYMI-00036-00009192-00009359 we will look at some of the big
+qZTotxwXYMI-00037-00009360-00009559 cybersecurity trends and lessons that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00038-00009560-00009655 we've learned
+qZTotxwXYMI-00039-00009656-00009959 from this past year asking about what
+qZTotxwXYMI-00040-00009960-00010119 needs to happen to increase
+qZTotxwXYMI-00041-00010120-00010335 the resilience against these attacks
+qZTotxwXYMI-00042-00010336-00010463 what kind of mindset
+qZTotxwXYMI-00043-00010464-00010774 policies and tools are needed um so i'll
+qZTotxwXYMI-00044-00010775-00010959 be taking questions towards the end of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00045-00010960-00011046 this session
+qZTotxwXYMI-00046-00011047-00011255 so please do use the chat function to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00047-00011256-00011351 add those there
+qZTotxwXYMI-00048-00011352-00011623 and i'll try and ask matthew as many as
+qZTotxwXYMI-00049-00011624-00011719 i can
+qZTotxwXYMI-00050-00011720-00011942 uh hi matthew and it's great to have you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00051-00011943-00012119 with us uh today
+qZTotxwXYMI-00052-00012120-00012423 thank you so much brilliant so as
+qZTotxwXYMI-00053-00012424-00012655 uh the ceo of a company that works in
+qZTotxwXYMI-00054-00012656-00012846 over 100 countries
+qZTotxwXYMI-00055-00012847-00013102 which mission is to help build a better
+qZTotxwXYMI-00056-00013103-00013175 internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-00057-00013176-00013358 what are some of the big trends that you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00058-00013359-00013575 have seen in relation to the internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-00059-00013576-00013775 since the start of the pandemic
+qZTotxwXYMI-00060-00013776-00013991 how and how did they impact your work
+qZTotxwXYMI-00061-00013991-00014207 and how did you cope
+qZTotxwXYMI-00062-00014208-00014543 yeah you know this last year has been uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00063-00014544-00014886 a remarkably challenging time for the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00064-00014887-00014935 internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-00065-00014936-00015175 a challenging time for cloudflare but
+qZTotxwXYMI-00066-00015176-00015455 also i think a time that has helped us
+qZTotxwXYMI-00067-00015456-00015694 recognize how important the internet is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00068-00015695-00015775 for keeping
+qZTotxwXYMI-00069-00015776-00015966 keeping people connected and keeping
+qZTotxwXYMI-00070-00015968-00016103 them online
+qZTotxwXYMI-00071-00016104-00016391 this time last year our team was working
+qZTotxwXYMI-00072-00016392-00016479 around the clock
+qZTotxwXYMI-00073-00016480-00016694 scrambling in order to make sure that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00074-00016695-00016807 our systems
+qZTotxwXYMI-00075-00016808-00017022 could continue to cope with what was
+qZTotxwXYMI-00076-00017023-00017239 just unprecedented demand
+qZTotxwXYMI-00077-00017240-00017479 uh for internet access uh over the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00078-00017480-00017727 course of about three weeks
+qZTotxwXYMI-00079-00017728-00018007 uh on a global basis we saw in many
+qZTotxwXYMI-00080-00018008-00018094 places
+qZTotxwXYMI-00081-00018095-00018407 as much as uh as doubling of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00082-00018408-00018694 internet demand and a real shift in when
+qZTotxwXYMI-00083-00018695-00018822 that demand was
+qZTotxwXYMI-00084-00018823-00019135 was being requested and so uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00085-00019136-00019358 the you know the the the late senator
+qZTotxwXYMI-00086-00019359-00019486 ted stevens
+qZTotxwXYMI-00087-00019487-00019671 uh got a lot of flack for saying that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00088-00019672-00019983 the internet is is a series of tubes
+qZTotxwXYMI-00089-00019984-00020271 but as one of the companies that uh that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00090-00020272-00020447 helps make sure the internet continues
+qZTotxwXYMI-00091-00020448-00020535 to flow
+qZTotxwXYMI-00092-00020536-00020758 at some level that analogy is is a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00093-00020759-00020894 pretty good analogy uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00094-00020895-00021055 the internet is at some level just a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00095-00021056-00021294 series of tubes and those tubes have
+qZTotxwXYMI-00096-00021295-00021599 a finite capacity and when
+qZTotxwXYMI-00097-00021600-00021871 when we saw doubling of internet usage
+qZTotxwXYMI-00098-00021872-00022135 in such a short amount of time
+qZTotxwXYMI-00099-00022136-00022422 the internet got to some breaking points
+qZTotxwXYMI-00100-00022423-00022455 and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00101-00022456-00022647 it was only because of the work of a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00102-00022648-00022894 number of of companies working together
+qZTotxwXYMI-00103-00022895-00023127 to make sure that in those choke points
+qZTotxwXYMI-00104-00023128-00023278 in those limited regions
+qZTotxwXYMI-00105-00023279-00023535 uh the internet could continue to to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00106-00023536-00023591 flow
+qZTotxwXYMI-00107-00023592-00023822 um i you know i i think we are still in
+qZTotxwXYMI-00108-00023823-00024055 the middle of a pandemic there's still a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00109-00024056-00024175 lot of people who
+qZTotxwXYMI-00110-00024176-00024391 are are suffering a lot of people who
+qZTotxwXYMI-00111-00024392-00024494 are dying
+qZTotxwXYMI-00112-00024495-00024735 around the world and we need to be very
+qZTotxwXYMI-00113-00024736-00024878 cognizant of that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00114-00024879-00025142 and obviously the superheroes of this
+qZTotxwXYMI-00115-00025143-00025319 period of time have been
+qZTotxwXYMI-00116-00025320-00025447 you know the front line medical
+qZTotxwXYMI-00117-00025448-00025670 responders and the scientists
+qZTotxwXYMI-00118-00025672-00025887 who have you know taken care of the sick
+qZTotxwXYMI-00119-00025888-00026062 and and miraculously
+qZTotxwXYMI-00120-00026063-00026335 uh found vaccines uh that seem very
+qZTotxwXYMI-00121-00026336-00026439 effective
+qZTotxwXYMI-00122-00026439-00026646 uh for for this disease as quickly as
+qZTotxwXYMI-00123-00026647-00026743 possible
+qZTotxwXYMI-00124-00026744-00026943 but you know i think our entire team is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00125-00026944-00027055 proud
+qZTotxwXYMI-00126-00027056-00027239 of the fact that that we have been sort
+qZTotxwXYMI-00127-00027239-00027407 of the faithful sidekick
+qZTotxwXYMI-00128-00027408-00027599 along with that and for those people who
+qZTotxwXYMI-00129-00027600-00027727 could continue
+qZTotxwXYMI-00130-00027727-00028055 to connect uh with with their their work
+qZTotxwXYMI-00131-00028056-00028262 with their loved ones and others in a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00132-00028263-00028390 virtual way
+qZTotxwXYMI-00133-00028391-00028527 uh the fact that the internet has
+qZTotxwXYMI-00134-00028527-00028711 continued to work has has been one of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00135-00028712-00028831 the things that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00136-00028832-00029102 that has has really i think held held a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00137-00029104-00029246 bunch of society together and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00138-00029247-00029495 and i imagine just how much worse this
+qZTotxwXYMI-00139-00029495-00029614 could have been
+qZTotxwXYMI-00140-00029616-00029807 uh had it happened just even 10 years
+qZTotxwXYMI-00141-00029808-00030031 ago when we didn't have technologies
+qZTotxwXYMI-00142-00030032-00030167 like this to be able to connect to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00143-00030168-00030358 connect people reliably together
+qZTotxwXYMI-00144-00030360-00030543 uh and i i think that illustrates how
+qZTotxwXYMI-00145-00030544-00030758 important uh the internet is and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00146-00030760-00030839 hopefully
+qZTotxwXYMI-00147-00030839-00031031 uh will be a lesson that we remember for
+qZTotxwXYMI-00148-00031032-00031423 some time to come
+qZTotxwXYMI-00149-00031424-00031655 thanks matthew you talked about how the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00150-00031656-00031918 internet got to a breaking point and how
+qZTotxwXYMI-00151-00031919-00032079 you know a bunch of companies had to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00152-00032080-00032231 work together to keep it going can you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00153-00032232-00032414 tell us a little bit more about that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00154-00032416-00032646 what were the main essential elements to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00155-00032647-00032718 keep this
+qZTotxwXYMI-00156-00032719-00032943 the internet going and to not break
+qZTotxwXYMI-00157-00032944-00033079 after all this pressure that you talked
+qZTotxwXYMI-00158-00033080-00033174 about
+qZTotxwXYMI-00159-00033175-00033351 sure so you know i think that the place
+qZTotxwXYMI-00160-00033352-00033502 where we you know we saw
+qZTotxwXYMI-00161-00033503-00033774 we saw local challenges around the world
+qZTotxwXYMI-00162-00033775-00033887 so at some level
+qZTotxwXYMI-00163-00033888-00034111 uh just some background on cloudflare so
+qZTotxwXYMI-00164-00034112-00034318 at cloudflare we run a global network
+qZTotxwXYMI-00165-00034319-00034423 that spans
+qZTotxwXYMI-00166-00034424-00034687 more than 200 cities uh worldwide in
+qZTotxwXYMI-00167-00034688-00034855 more than 100 countries
+qZTotxwXYMI-00168-00034856-00035046 and we make sure the internet continues
+qZTotxwXYMI-00169-00035047-00035167 to flow
+qZTotxwXYMI-00170-00035168-00035343 both making sure that the performance is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00171-00035344-00035535 good under normal circumstances
+qZTotxwXYMI-00172-00035536-00035695 and that if there is some sort of cyber
+qZTotxwXYMI-00173-00035696-00035927 attack or cyber event that we're able to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00174-00035928-00036135 stop that um as well and so i think that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00175-00036136-00036230 there have been
+qZTotxwXYMI-00176-00036231-00036527 a number of different stages of of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00177-00036528-00036671 challenges for the internet over the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00178-00036672-00036743 course
+qZTotxwXYMI-00179-00036744-00037007 of the last 15 months um the first was
+qZTotxwXYMI-00180-00037008-00037102 simply a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00181-00037103-00037407 a usage and utilizations uh stage
+qZTotxwXYMI-00182-00037408-00037567 and in in various places around the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00183-00037568-00037799 world where internet infrastructure
+qZTotxwXYMI-00184-00037800-00038007 may not be as built out especially the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00185-00038008-00038174 underlying backbones that connect the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00186-00038175-00038287 internet together
+qZTotxwXYMI-00187-00038288-00038479 uh there were definitely points in time
+qZTotxwXYMI-00188-00038480-00038743 where those metaphorical pipes
+qZTotxwXYMI-00189-00038744-00038951 uh got almost to their their bursting
+qZTotxwXYMI-00190-00038952-00039127 point you can't imagine many
+qZTotxwXYMI-00191-00039128-00039374 public utilities that if all of a sudden
+qZTotxwXYMI-00192-00039375-00039511 they had twice as much
+qZTotxwXYMI-00193-00039512-00039735 much usage overnight would continue to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00194-00039736-00039902 function the sewer system having twice
+qZTotxwXYMI-00195-00039903-00040118 as much usage the electrical grid
+qZTotxwXYMI-00196-00040119-00040302 uh the the freeway system you know they
+qZTotxwXYMI-00197-00040303-00040495 would all come grinding to a halt
+qZTotxwXYMI-00198-00040496-00040711 and the internet largely continued to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00199-00040712-00040879 work although there were places around
+qZTotxwXYMI-00200-00040880-00040951 the world
+qZTotxwXYMI-00201-00040952-00041239 where we really saw strain europe uh was
+qZTotxwXYMI-00202-00041240-00041390 one of those places where
+qZTotxwXYMI-00203-00041391-00041558 a lot of the infrastructure there got
+qZTotxwXYMI-00204-00041559-00041718 right to the edge of its its breaking
+qZTotxwXYMI-00205-00041719-00041774 point
+qZTotxwXYMI-00206-00041775-00041927 and that required companies like
+qZTotxwXYMI-00207-00041928-00042151 cloudflare but also other companies that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00208-00042152-00042199 were were
+qZTotxwXYMI-00209-00042200-00042479 providing what were some non-essential
+qZTotxwXYMI-00210-00042480-00042543 usage
+qZTotxwXYMI-00211-00042544-00042743 usage of the internet so companies like
+qZTotxwXYMI-00212-00042744-00042895 netflix or disney
+qZTotxwXYMI-00213-00042896-00043223 uh which voluntarily decreased their bit
+qZTotxwXYMI-00214-00043224-00043295 rates for
+qZTotxwXYMI-00215-00043296-00043487 streaming in order to make sure they
+qZTotxwXYMI-00216-00043488-00043671 were just literally less bits flowing
+qZTotxwXYMI-00217-00043672-00043718 through
+qZTotxwXYMI-00218-00043719-00043974 through the the proverbial pipes to make
+qZTotxwXYMI-00219-00043975-00044030 sure that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00220-00044031-00044223 that happened and i think what was
+qZTotxwXYMI-00221-00044224-00044415 really rewarding about that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00222-00044416-00044807 uh was to watch as companies that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00223-00044808-00044999 were all involved in making sure the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00224-00045000-00045118 internet worked
+qZTotxwXYMI-00225-00045119-00045390 uh collaborated together in order to do
+qZTotxwXYMI-00226-00045391-00045558 the right thing to make sure that those
+qZTotxwXYMI-00227-00045559-00045687 essential bits
+qZTotxwXYMI-00228-00045688-00045927 that needed to flow uh were were
+qZTotxwXYMI-00229-00045928-00046007 available
+qZTotxwXYMI-00230-00046008-00046199 while still making sure that people
+qZTotxwXYMI-00231-00046200-00046343 could be entertained and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00232-00046344-00046471 and could communicate with their
+qZTotxwXYMI-00233-00046472-00046662 families and friends and and other
+qZTotxwXYMI-00234-00046663-00046790 things and i think that that was
+qZTotxwXYMI-00235-00046791-00046943 that was sort of the first stage of the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00236-00046944-00047158 challenges i think the second stage
+qZTotxwXYMI-00237-00047159-00047374 um which happened sort of starting in
+qZTotxwXYMI-00238-00047375-00047486 mid-summer
+qZTotxwXYMI-00239-00047487-00047758 of last year was that there was then a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00240-00047759-00047902 dramatic uptick
+qZTotxwXYMI-00241-00047903-00048143 in the number of cyber attacks uh that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00242-00048144-00048351 were that were launched at first
+qZTotxwXYMI-00243-00048352-00048599 uh they had the characteristics of you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00244-00048600-00048671 know what we call
+qZTotxwXYMI-00245-00048672-00048951 board kid attacks um cyber attacks uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00246-00048952-00049039 tick up
+qZTotxwXYMI-00247-00049040-00049358 every year as as school lets out uh and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00248-00049359-00049430 kids who
+qZTotxwXYMI-00249-00049431-00049558 are sort of smart and don't have
+qZTotxwXYMI-00250-00049559-00049783 anything better to do uh go home and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00251-00049784-00049990 and uh and literally you know launch
+qZTotxwXYMI-00252-00049991-00050223 cyber attacks to entertain themselves
+qZTotxwXYMI-00253-00050224-00050479 um but unfortunately it shifted uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00254-00050480-00050607 fairly quickly to then
+qZTotxwXYMI-00255-00050608-00050879 targeting um what were uh much more
+qZTotxwXYMI-00256-00050880-00051023 sophisticated attacks
+qZTotxwXYMI-00257-00051024-00051279 both criminals uh taking advantage of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00258-00051279-00051358 the fact that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00259-00051359-00051550 more people were working at home and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00260-00051551-00051726 therefore didn't have the same
+qZTotxwXYMI-00261-00051727-00051879 kind of protections that their their
+qZTotxwXYMI-00262-00051879-00052087 company might might afford to them
+qZTotxwXYMI-00263-00052088-00052366 and then uh secondly uh in in
+qZTotxwXYMI-00264-00052367-00052519 unfortunately in some cases
+qZTotxwXYMI-00265-00052520-00052759 what appear to be nation state actors uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00266-00052760-00052823 targeting
+qZTotxwXYMI-00267-00052824-00053054 oftentimes healthcare infrastructure in
+qZTotxwXYMI-00268-00053055-00053230 order to embarrass some parts of the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00269-00053232-00053287 world
+qZTotxwXYMI-00270-00053288-00053599 uh presumably uh and and slow the roll
+qZTotxwXYMI-00271-00053600-00053654 out
+qZTotxwXYMI-00272-00053655-00054007 of critical care um we saw that we were
+qZTotxwXYMI-00273-00054008-00054175 super concerned about that we provided
+qZTotxwXYMI-00274-00054176-00054447 our services at no cost to anyone who is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00275-00054448-00054671 experiencing uh those types of attacks
+qZTotxwXYMI-00276-00054672-00054815 and one of the things that we did
+qZTotxwXYMI-00277-00054816-00055111 was actually provide our our services to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00278-00055112-00055238 small businesses
+qZTotxwXYMI-00279-00055239-00055503 uh non-profits other organizations uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00280-00055504-00055542 that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00281-00055544-00055726 had people working from home in order to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00282-00055727-00055887 make sure that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00283-00055888-00056079 uh that they could continue to to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00284-00056079-00056207 operate and we did that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00285-00056208-00056399 at no cost because we knew that it was
+qZTotxwXYMI-00286-00056400-00056566 it was an important thing uh for us to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00287-00056567-00056623 do
+qZTotxwXYMI-00288-00056624-00056871 i think the last stage has been really
+qZTotxwXYMI-00289-00056872-00056966 um in the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00290-00056967-00057303 the beginning of 2021 as uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00291-00057304-00057559 as countries are really rolling out the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00292-00057560-00057726 infrastructure to deliver
+qZTotxwXYMI-00293-00057727-00058038 vaccines uh for their populace
+qZTotxwXYMI-00294-00058039-00058230 again we've seen that this is this
+qZTotxwXYMI-00295-00058232-00058407 requires the internet to be able to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00296-00058408-00058487 coordinate
+qZTotxwXYMI-00297-00058488-00058687 it's something that um that we're that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00298-00058688-00058863 we're keenly aware of we we stepped
+qZTotxwXYMI-00299-00058864-00059054 forward and volunteered our services
+qZTotxwXYMI-00300-00059055-00059319 to provide the infrastructure for any
+qZTotxwXYMI-00301-00059320-00059438 vaccine
+qZTotxwXYMI-00302-00059439-00059599 distribution related services through
+qZTotxwXYMI-00303-00059600-00059782 what we call project fair shot
+qZTotxwXYMI-00304-00059783-00059999 at no cost i think other companies like
+qZTotxwXYMI-00305-00060000-00060247 akamai and google and microsoft
+qZTotxwXYMI-00306-00060248-00060399 have also stepped up to do something
+qZTotxwXYMI-00307-00060400-00060606 similar and i think that that's been an
+qZTotxwXYMI-00308-00060607-00060687 important part
+qZTotxwXYMI-00309-00060688-00060982 of making sure that the vaccine rollout
+qZTotxwXYMI-00310-00060983-00061159 has gone as well as it has in the places
+qZTotxwXYMI-00311-00061160-00061311 around the world where it's been able to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00312-00061312-00061503 to go well but you know we continue to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00313-00061504-00061759 watch with a significant amount of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00314-00061760-00061823 concern
+qZTotxwXYMI-00315-00061824-00062063 uh regions like india uh that are that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00316-00062064-00062142 are obviously still
+qZTotxwXYMI-00317-00062144-00062350 very much suffering and we i think it's
+qZTotxwXYMI-00318-00062351-00062503 important that we recognize
+qZTotxwXYMI-00319-00062504-00062638 that we are still in the middle of a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00320-00062639-00062799 pandemic and it's important for
+qZTotxwXYMI-00321-00062800-00062919 companies like ours
+qZTotxwXYMI-00322-00062920-00063166 government institutions individuals
+qZTotxwXYMI-00323-00063167-00063391 organizations to all be working together
+qZTotxwXYMI-00324-00063391-00063591 in order to deliver the services that we
+qZTotxwXYMI-00325-00063591-00063703 can in order to help
+qZTotxwXYMI-00326-00063704-00064006 hopefully get through this as as a as a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00327-00064007-00064311 as a society globally as quickly as we
+qZTotxwXYMI-00328-00064312-00064519 can
+qZTotxwXYMI-00329-00064520-00064815 uh thank you amazing so just we talked
+qZTotxwXYMI-00330-00064816-00064942 about the uptick in
+qZTotxwXYMI-00331-00064944-00065199 in cyber attacks and we have been seeing
+qZTotxwXYMI-00332-00065200-00065359 an increasing number
+qZTotxwXYMI-00333-00065360-00065559 uh of ransomware attacks specifically
+qZTotxwXYMI-00334-00065560-00065791 against critical national infrastructure
+qZTotxwXYMI-00335-00065792-00065959 including obviously the latest one
+qZTotxwXYMI-00336-00065960-00066159 against the u.s colonial pipe
+qZTotxwXYMI-00337-00066160-00066287 what do you think are some of the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00338-00066288-00066559 elements that are enabling this increase
+qZTotxwXYMI-00339-00066560-00066815 and what is really needed to disrupt
+qZTotxwXYMI-00340-00066816-00066999 this trend
+qZTotxwXYMI-00341-00067000-00067294 yeah i think you know i think there's um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00342-00067295-00067415 i think there's sort of a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00343-00067416-00067671 good news story and a bad news story uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00344-00067672-00067911 here so starting with the bad news story
+qZTotxwXYMI-00345-00067912-00068238 um the bad news is that unfortunately
+qZTotxwXYMI-00346-00068239-00068279 there
+qZTotxwXYMI-00347-00068280-00068606 there remains a lot of um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00348-00068607-00068911 legacy aging infrastructure uh that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00349-00068912-00069006 relies on
+qZTotxwXYMI-00350-00069007-00069319 out-of-date technologies uh that that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00351-00069320-00069463 are relatively easy
+qZTotxwXYMI-00352-00069464-00069703 uh to to compromise and we've seen that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00353-00069704-00069815 with a number
+qZTotxwXYMI-00354-00069816-00070111 of stories here these are not um you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00355-00070112-00070167 know
+qZTotxwXYMI-00356-00070168-00070471 incredibly sophisticated uh attacks
+qZTotxwXYMI-00357-00070472-00070719 um they they are largely exploiting
+qZTotxwXYMI-00358-00070720-00070815 either somebody
+qZTotxwXYMI-00359-00070816-00071111 um inadvertently clicking on a link in
+qZTotxwXYMI-00360-00071112-00071182 an email
+qZTotxwXYMI-00361-00071183-00071582 or having used a not particularly secure
+qZTotxwXYMI-00362-00071583-00071615 uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00363-00071616-00071943 password um and and unfortunately
+qZTotxwXYMI-00364-00071944-00072287 um once an attacker is able to get
+qZTotxwXYMI-00365-00072288-00072662 into some part of of the infrastructure
+qZTotxwXYMI-00366-00072663-00072862 uh that that they are then able to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00367-00072863-00072999 spread out and cause you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-00368-00073000-00073135 significant harm
+qZTotxwXYMI-00369-00073136-00073511 uh to to uh to to organizations and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00370-00073512-00073631 we've seen that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00371-00073632-00073926 uh now in a number of very high profile
+qZTotxwXYMI-00372-00073927-00073967 uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00373-00073968-00074223 incidents that's not changed that's been
+qZTotxwXYMI-00374-00074224-00074294 the case
+qZTotxwXYMI-00375-00074295-00074519 uh for a while and so the question is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00376-00074520-00074638 what is it that has
+qZTotxwXYMI-00377-00074639-00074950 has changed and you know i i think the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00378-00074951-00075150 potentially good news
+qZTotxwXYMI-00379-00075151-00075479 uh around around this is that um i think
+qZTotxwXYMI-00380-00075480-00075526 that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00381-00075527-00075782 that the hackers are under the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00382-00075783-00075975 impression and i think it's a correct
+qZTotxwXYMI-00383-00075976-00076238 uh correct impression that the world is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00384-00076239-00076326 starting to take
+qZTotxwXYMI-00385-00076327-00076511 these sorts of attacks significantly
+qZTotxwXYMI-00386-00076512-00076655 more seriously
+qZTotxwXYMI-00387-00076656-00076967 than uh than than we have in the past
+qZTotxwXYMI-00388-00076968-00077159 and and the hackers sort of understand
+qZTotxwXYMI-00389-00077160-00077279 that if
+qZTotxwXYMI-00390-00077280-00077559 all of a sudden you see crackdowns on
+qZTotxwXYMI-00391-00077560-00077743 this activity around the world
+qZTotxwXYMI-00392-00077744-00077991 then then their days of being able to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00393-00077992-00078199 use the the exploits that they have
+qZTotxwXYMI-00394-00078200-00078479 are are somewhat numbered and in that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00395-00078480-00078559 sense
+qZTotxwXYMI-00396-00078560-00078767 um i think that you are seeing a lot
+qZTotxwXYMI-00397-00078768-00078903 that is getting thrown
+qZTotxwXYMI-00398-00078904-00079262 at sort of the proverbial wall right now
+qZTotxwXYMI-00399-00079263-00079487 uh looking for any sorts of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00400-00079488-00079631 vulnerabilities because i think that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00401-00079632-00079759 there is a sense
+qZTotxwXYMI-00402-00079760-00080023 in the hacking community that uh that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00403-00080024-00080094 that that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00404-00080095-00080447 the window for for this is is is closing
+qZTotxwXYMI-00405-00080448-00080526 over time
+qZTotxwXYMI-00406-00080527-00080719 and the good news is that as we have
+qZTotxwXYMI-00407-00080720-00080879 seen in the past
+qZTotxwXYMI-00408-00080880-00081223 uh actions on a on a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00409-00081224-00081511 inter-government level uh taking actions
+qZTotxwXYMI-00410-00081512-00081638 to control this
+qZTotxwXYMI-00411-00081639-00081982 it has resulted in decreases in in cyber
+qZTotxwXYMI-00412-00081983-00082143 attacks and and hacking
+qZTotxwXYMI-00413-00082144-00082375 uh and so i think that as you see
+qZTotxwXYMI-00414-00082376-00082550 governments around the world start to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00415-00082551-00082694 focus on these issues
+qZTotxwXYMI-00416-00082695-00082911 i'm actually optimistic that we might be
+qZTotxwXYMI-00417-00082912-00083006 seeing the worst
+qZTotxwXYMI-00418-00083007-00083191 of of these attacks and that and that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00419-00083192-00083350 there might be a a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00420-00083351-00083550 sort of optimism outcome on the other
+qZTotxwXYMI-00421-00083551-00083750 side that said
+qZTotxwXYMI-00422-00083751-00083991 we won't get through this until we
+qZTotxwXYMI-00423-00083992-00084118 modernize the way
+qZTotxwXYMI-00424-00084119-00084311 that our critical infrastructure is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00425-00084312-00084543 deployed and the best metaphor
+qZTotxwXYMI-00426-00084544-00084767 that i have for this is that you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-00427-00084768-00084926 once upon a time if you were building
+qZTotxwXYMI-00428-00084927-00084999 boats
+qZTotxwXYMI-00429-00085000-00085223 the way you kept a boat from sinking was
+qZTotxwXYMI-00430-00085224-00085318 you built the hole
+qZTotxwXYMI-00431-00085319-00085671 extremely strong and thick and made sure
+qZTotxwXYMI-00432-00085672-00085799 that you know it was
+qZTotxwXYMI-00433-00085800-00086079 it was impenetrable and that's sort of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00434-00086080-00086238 like people who say you know we need to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00435-00086239-00086415 write perfect software i think the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00436-00086416-00086511 challenge is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00437-00086512-00086823 there can always be one bad weld or one
+qZTotxwXYMI-00438-00086824-00086935 weak rivet
+qZTotxwXYMI-00439-00086936-00087262 that if it's burst in an old school boat
+qZTotxwXYMI-00440-00087263-00087423 once water starts getting in you can
+qZTotxwXYMI-00441-00087424-00087567 sink the entire boat
+qZTotxwXYMI-00442-00087568-00087838 and so what i think the new approach to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00443-00087839-00088038 security and what you know we
+qZTotxwXYMI-00444-00088039-00088294 use ourselves and what our services that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00445-00088295-00088406 we provide to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00446-00088407-00088671 to our customers and to our partners uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00447-00088672-00088711 through
+qZTotxwXYMI-00448-00088712-00088911 through projects like project galileo
+qZTotxwXYMI-00449-00088912-00089031 are what we think of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00450-00089032-00089359 as almost the equivalent of bulkheads in
+qZTotxwXYMI-00451-00089360-00089431 a boat
+qZTotxwXYMI-00452-00089432-00089606 because there is always going to be some
+qZTotxwXYMI-00453-00089607-00089815 vulnerability there will always be some
+qZTotxwXYMI-00454-00089816-00089950 person who accidentally
+qZTotxwXYMI-00455-00089951-00090199 clicks on a link but when that happens
+qZTotxwXYMI-00456-00090200-00090391 what you have to make sure is that the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00457-00090392-00090559 damage that can be done from that is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00458-00090560-00090735 contained so like in a boat
+qZTotxwXYMI-00459-00090736-00090959 if there's one bad rivet that springs a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00460-00090960-00091103 leak if you have bulkheads
+qZTotxwXYMI-00461-00091104-00091262 that doesn't fill the entire boat with
+qZTotxwXYMI-00462-00091263-00091455 water that just fills one one particular
+qZTotxwXYMI-00463-00091456-00091535 bulkhead
+qZTotxwXYMI-00464-00091536-00091750 and it is much less of a of a concern
+qZTotxwXYMI-00465-00091751-00091838 and so i think
+qZTotxwXYMI-00466-00091839-00092182 that move to a new uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00467-00092183-00092399 way of approaching security which is has
+qZTotxwXYMI-00468-00092400-00092575 been known in the industry as a zero
+qZTotxwXYMI-00469-00092576-00092743 trust approach to security
+qZTotxwXYMI-00470-00092744-00092887 i think that's the equivalent of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00471-00092888-00093047 building bulkheads in the boat and i
+qZTotxwXYMI-00472-00093048-00093247 think the good news is that we're seeing
+qZTotxwXYMI-00473-00093248-00093406 more and more companies adopt those
+qZTotxwXYMI-00474-00093407-00093526 sorts of solutions
+qZTotxwXYMI-00475-00093527-00093759 and that that can really help us have a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00476-00093760-00093903 much more secure
+qZTotxwXYMI-00477-00093904-00094318 uh critical infrastructure going forward
+qZTotxwXYMI-00478-00094319-00094567 so some of the uh you know experts when
+qZTotxwXYMI-00479-00094568-00094743 they comment on ransomware attacks and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00480-00094744-00094887 the increase also mention
+qZTotxwXYMI-00481-00094888-00095126 the uh the business model and how it's
+qZTotxwXYMI-00482-00095127-00095255 actually profitable for
+qZTotxwXYMI-00483-00095256-00095447 uh for criminals that you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-00484-00095448-00095623 organizations who are being
+qZTotxwXYMI-00485-00095624-00095935 uh subject to ransomware attacks are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00486-00095936-00096135 sometimes paying the ransom against the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00487-00096136-00096311 advice of law enforcement so if you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00488-00096312-00096471 don't break that cycle
+qZTotxwXYMI-00489-00096472-00096735 you're not really able to break the the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00490-00096736-00096815 ransomware
+qZTotxwXYMI-00491-00096816-00097062 uh you know trend what are your views on
+qZTotxwXYMI-00492-00097063-00097215 this
+qZTotxwXYMI-00493-00097216-00097471 well you know i think that um i mean our
+qZTotxwXYMI-00494-00097472-00097574 advice
+qZTotxwXYMI-00495-00097575-00097871 would always be to not pay uh people who
+qZTotxwXYMI-00496-00097872-00097894 are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00497-00097895-00098047 who are sending you ransomware but
+qZTotxwXYMI-00498-00098048-00098223 that's easy to say
+qZTotxwXYMI-00499-00098224-00098535 you know today it's hard when
+qZTotxwXYMI-00500-00098536-00098799 you you know you need to get your
+qZTotxwXYMI-00501-00098800-00098935 systems online
+qZTotxwXYMI-00502-00098936-00099191 in order to process and and deliver fuel
+qZTotxwXYMI-00503-00099192-00099343 across the you know eastern seaboard of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00504-00099344-00099462 the united states you have to get your
+qZTotxwXYMI-00505-00099463-00099726 systems online in order to deliver
+qZTotxwXYMI-00506-00099727-00100031 um you know critical parts of of the the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00507-00100032-00100391 food and and uh and um agricultural
+qZTotxwXYMI-00508-00100392-00100511 supply chain
+qZTotxwXYMI-00509-00100512-00100831 and so you know i think that um i i
+qZTotxwXYMI-00510-00100832-00101182 i have i have sympathy for the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00511-00101183-00101406 the teams at these at these companies
+qZTotxwXYMI-00512-00101407-00101574 that come under these attacks
+qZTotxwXYMI-00513-00101575-00101862 uh and their their their need to get
+qZTotxwXYMI-00514-00101863-00101967 their systems back
+qZTotxwXYMI-00515-00101968-00102287 online and so i think that um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00516-00102288-00102575 that that it's it is it is important
+qZTotxwXYMI-00517-00102576-00102758 that we break that cycle
+qZTotxwXYMI-00518-00102759-00102975 um but i think it's going to be you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-00519-00102976-00103086 even before
+qZTotxwXYMI-00520-00103088-00103406 uh ransomware you had lots of ways that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00521-00103407-00103682 that criminals were able to you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-00522-00103683-00103815 extort uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00523-00103816-00104006 other other companies and this is sort
+qZTotxwXYMI-00524-00104007-00104182 of the modern equivalent
+qZTotxwXYMI-00525-00104183-00104447 of of you know the guy walking into the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00526-00104448-00104558 store and saying
+qZTotxwXYMI-00527-00104559-00104734 you know you got a great store here
+qZTotxwXYMI-00528-00104735-00104886 shame it shame if it
+qZTotxwXYMI-00529-00104888-00105110 if it burned down um i can make sure
+qZTotxwXYMI-00530-00105111-00105254 that doesn't happen if you you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-00531-00105255-00105534 leave a bag of cash on on on the on the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00532-00105535-00105607 counter so
+qZTotxwXYMI-00533-00105608-00105831 this is a business model that is it
+qZTotxwXYMI-00534-00105832-00106039 extends way beyond and is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00535-00106040-00106375 is way older than uh than than
+qZTotxwXYMI-00536-00106376-00106590 than computers or the internet or or
+qZTotxwXYMI-00537-00106591-00106686 ransomware
+qZTotxwXYMI-00538-00106688-00106895 and so i i think it would be great if we
+qZTotxwXYMI-00539-00106896-00107134 can uh find ways to disrupt
+qZTotxwXYMI-00540-00107135-00107271 uh that business model but
+qZTotxwXYMI-00541-00107272-00107486 foundationally what we should also be
+qZTotxwXYMI-00542-00107488-00107671 doing is working to make sure that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00543-00107672-00107910 that businesses are more secure
+qZTotxwXYMI-00544-00107911-00108086 organizations are more secure
+qZTotxwXYMI-00545-00108088-00108271 and that we have those tools in a way
+qZTotxwXYMI-00546-00108272-00108431 that is easy to use
+qZTotxwXYMI-00547-00108432-00108695 affordable accessible to anyone who's
+qZTotxwXYMI-00548-00108696-00108854 online and that's that's really what our
+qZTotxwXYMI-00549-00108855-00109102 mission is at cloudflare
+qZTotxwXYMI-00550-00109103-00109463 you talked about how a lot of the um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00551-00109464-00109599 you know when you were referring to the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00552-00109600-00109783 bad news you said the legacy
+qZTotxwXYMI-00553-00109783-00109958 infrastructure is actually making all of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00554-00109959-00110207 this or a lot of these attacks happen
+qZTotxwXYMI-00555-00110208-00110454 in the first place and i'm interested in
+qZTotxwXYMI-00556-00110455-00110527 your views
+qZTotxwXYMI-00557-00110528-00110758 as to the tools and tactics that are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00558-00110759-00110910 being used by the perpetrators because
+qZTotxwXYMI-00559-00110911-00111110 what you said suggests that actually
+qZTotxwXYMI-00560-00111111-00111278 they're not very sophisticated
+qZTotxwXYMI-00561-00111279-00111519 they just use legacy or like are made
+qZTotxwXYMI-00562-00111520-00111702 you know benefiting from the legacy or
+qZTotxwXYMI-00563-00111703-00111766 someone
+qZTotxwXYMI-00564-00111767-00111999 the lack of cyber hygiene perhaps within
+qZTotxwXYMI-00565-00112000-00112071 uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00566-00112072-00112310 employees that they are able to do that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00567-00112311-00112486 attacks are you how would you describe
+qZTotxwXYMI-00568-00112488-00112647 the sophistication
+qZTotxwXYMI-00569-00112648-00112934 of uh the level of the perpetrators who
+qZTotxwXYMI-00570-00112935-00113023 are inflicting
+qZTotxwXYMI-00571-00113024-00113190 a lot of harm would you say that they
+qZTotxwXYMI-00572-00113191-00113407 are increasing in sophistication using
+qZTotxwXYMI-00573-00113408-00113647 more emerging technologies should we be
+qZTotxwXYMI-00574-00113648-00113743 worried about how
+qZTotxwXYMI-00575-00113744-00114039 where you know where this might go so i
+qZTotxwXYMI-00576-00114040-00114078 think
+qZTotxwXYMI-00577-00114079-00114423 um so it depends
+qZTotxwXYMI-00578-00114424-00114671 so so it depends on on what the target
+qZTotxwXYMI-00579-00114672-00114734 is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00580-00114735-00114990 uh if you know a lot of people who are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00581-00114991-00115078 in the audience
+qZTotxwXYMI-00582-00115079-00115383 um for for rights gone um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00583-00115383-00115710 have have real reason to worry about
+qZTotxwXYMI-00584-00115711-00116047 very sophisticated uh targeted
+qZTotxwXYMI-00585-00116048-00116351 nation state attacks um and and in those
+qZTotxwXYMI-00586-00116352-00116454 cases
+qZTotxwXYMI-00587-00116455-00116790 the goal of the attack is to um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00588-00116791-00117119 be extremely precise uh to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00589-00117120-00117454 um ideally leave no notice that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00590-00117455-00117751 uh that an attack has taken place and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00591-00117752-00117823 then
+qZTotxwXYMI-00592-00117824-00118063 be able to usually for nation state
+qZTotxwXYMI-00593-00118064-00118263 level espionage reasons
+qZTotxwXYMI-00594-00118264-00118583 be able to observe uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00595-00118583-00118927 or or thwart or control how somebody is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00596-00118928-00118983 using
+qZTotxwXYMI-00597-00118983-00119278 uh technology online and so there are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00598-00119279-00119431 very sophisticated
+qZTotxwXYMI-00599-00119432-00119727 actors out there using what are uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00600-00119728-00119839 sophisticated
+qZTotxwXYMI-00601-00119840-00120143 exploits to go after individuals
+qZTotxwXYMI-00602-00120144-00120431 um but but that is that is and and we
+qZTotxwXYMI-00603-00120432-00120607 should worry about that that issue but i
+qZTotxwXYMI-00604-00120608-00120695 think that that is a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00605-00120696-00120919 different issue than something like the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00606-00120920-00121095 colonial pipeline attack
+qZTotxwXYMI-00607-00121096-00121254 in the case of the colonial pipeline
+qZTotxwXYMI-00608-00121255-00121439 attack the goal is to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00609-00121440-00121775 find an organization uh that you can
+qZTotxwXYMI-00610-00121776-00121999 get into and then actually create as
+qZTotxwXYMI-00611-00122000-00122158 much chaos
+qZTotxwXYMI-00612-00122159-00122319 as you can across that organization
+qZTotxwXYMI-00613-00122320-00122439 making it impossible for that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00614-00122440-00122534 organization
+qZTotxwXYMI-00615-00122535-00122878 uh to do uh to do their job and so while
+qZTotxwXYMI-00616-00122879-00123271 it may be possible to use sophisticated
+qZTotxwXYMI-00617-00123272-00123671 very uh targeted uh attacks
+qZTotxwXYMI-00618-00123672-00124031 um the the that tends not to align with
+qZTotxwXYMI-00619-00124032-00124183 the business models
+qZTotxwXYMI-00620-00124183-00124510 of of the of those attackers um because
+qZTotxwXYMI-00621-00124511-00124678 once those attacks are known once
+qZTotxwXYMI-00622-00124679-00124831 they've once they've been
+qZTotxwXYMI-00623-00124832-00125086 uh disclosed they get closed down um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00624-00125088-00125247 relatively quickly
+qZTotxwXYMI-00625-00125248-00125551 and uh and so and so it often is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00626-00125552-00125766 is is something where you know in one
+qZTotxwXYMI-00627-00125767-00125927 case with sophistication you want to be
+qZTotxwXYMI-00628-00125928-00126023 subtle
+qZTotxwXYMI-00629-00126024-00126295 and clandestine in in the case of these
+qZTotxwXYMI-00630-00126296-00126478 ransomware attacks it's it's quite the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00631-00126479-00126558 opposite
+qZTotxwXYMI-00632-00126559-00126807 and so in most of the cases that we're
+qZTotxwXYMI-00633-00126808-00126895 seeing
+qZTotxwXYMI-00634-00126896-00127214 the um the fundamental problem is is a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00635-00127215-00127358 relatively
+qZTotxwXYMI-00636-00127359-00127663 uh is a relatively um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00637-00127664-00127958 uh simplistic type of attack in most of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00638-00127959-00128127 these ransomware um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00639-00128128-00128439 cases and good cyber hygiene is the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00640-00128440-00128623 right thing in order to protect that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00641-00128624-00128783 i think there is a different set of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00642-00128783-00129023 challenges around protecting individuals
+qZTotxwXYMI-00643-00129024-00129231 that might be targeted by sophisticated
+qZTotxwXYMI-00644-00129232-00129390 nation-state level attacks
+qZTotxwXYMI-00645-00129391-00129734 um but but but we shouldn't necessarily
+qZTotxwXYMI-00646-00129735-00130023 uh you know combine those two things
+qZTotxwXYMI-00647-00130024-00130095 into one
+qZTotxwXYMI-00648-00130096-00130239 into one category i think you have to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00649-00130240-00130407 sort of understand what
+qZTotxwXYMI-00650-00130408-00130671 your attack surface is uh and what your
+qZTotxwXYMI-00651-00130672-00130807 risk profile is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00652-00130808-00131007 and hopefully those people who again are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00653-00131008-00131143 in the audience that are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00654-00131144-00131478 uh that are that are thinking about um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00655-00131479-00131727 that they might be targets are already
+qZTotxwXYMI-00656-00131728-00131799 practicing a lot
+qZTotxwXYMI-00657-00131800-00132078 of the of the good hygiene around
+qZTotxwXYMI-00658-00132079-00132223 password security two-factor
+qZTotxwXYMI-00659-00132224-00132335 authentication
+qZTotxwXYMI-00660-00132336-00132535 making sure that um that your devices
+qZTotxwXYMI-00661-00132536-00132639 are up to date
+qZTotxwXYMI-00662-00132640-00132935 uh and practicing other good protections
+qZTotxwXYMI-00663-00132936-00133095 uh because because again i think
+qZTotxwXYMI-00664-00133096-00133263 you do have a a different level of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00665-00133264-00133447 security and different level of threats
+qZTotxwXYMI-00666-00133448-00133663 but for the most part the sort of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00667-00133664-00133831 ransomware attacks that we see in the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00668-00133832-00133902 news
+qZTotxwXYMI-00669-00133903-00134127 are you know start with and and are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00670-00134128-00134295 really facilitated by
+qZTotxwXYMI-00671-00134296-00134583 relatively simple uh attacks that that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00672-00134584-00134695 don't require
+qZTotxwXYMI-00673-00134696-00134902 um you know a level of sophistication
+qZTotxwXYMI-00674-00134903-00135071 that we see in in other parts of the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00675-00135072-00135271 space
+qZTotxwXYMI-00676-00135272-00135471 uh if we look at it's just a kind of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00677-00135472-00135614 like moving to the what
+qZTotxwXYMI-00678-00135615-00135927 what sort of response is available and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00679-00135928-00136014 what countries are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00680-00136015-00136190 doing to deal with those uh with those
+qZTotxwXYMI-00681-00136191-00136439 challenges so if we look at countries
+qZTotxwXYMI-00682-00136440-00136583 around the world we see for example
+qZTotxwXYMI-00683-00136584-00136839 around you know over 140
+qZTotxwXYMI-00684-00136840-00137095 and maybe 148 now countries have adopted
+qZTotxwXYMI-00685-00137096-00137271 cyber security strategies
+qZTotxwXYMI-00686-00137272-00137535 uh some of them for the very first time
+qZTotxwXYMI-00687-00137536-00137735 we see an increased amount of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00688-00137736-00138007 public private initiatives on cyber
+qZTotxwXYMI-00689-00138008-00138183 security and generally more talks and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00690-00138184-00138366 policy circuits about the importance of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00691-00138367-00138519 cyber security
+qZTotxwXYMI-00692-00138520-00138695 so as someone who works around the world
+qZTotxwXYMI-00693-00138696-00138863 would you say that we have reached the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00694-00138864-00139054 needed level of awareness
+qZTotxwXYMI-00695-00139055-00139223 at the government level to be able to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00696-00139224-00139375 deal with these challenges or do you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00697-00139376-00139559 think this is still confined
+qZTotxwXYMI-00698-00139560-00139871 to a small a number of countries
+qZTotxwXYMI-00699-00139872-00140095 well again i think it goes back to what
+qZTotxwXYMI-00700-00140096-00140223 might be the good news
+qZTotxwXYMI-00701-00140224-00140502 uh of out of what feels like a really
+qZTotxwXYMI-00702-00140503-00140566 bad
+qZTotxwXYMI-00703-00140567-00140775 uh series of events over over the last
+qZTotxwXYMI-00704-00140776-00140878 several months
+qZTotxwXYMI-00705-00140879-00141166 and that is that i think that there is a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00706-00141167-00141414 growing awareness around governments
+qZTotxwXYMI-00707-00141415-00141783 that this is a extremely destructive
+qZTotxwXYMI-00708-00141784-00142095 uh and disruptive uh type of attack
+qZTotxwXYMI-00709-00142096-00142190 which which can
+qZTotxwXYMI-00710-00142191-00142463 which can risk critical infrastructure
+qZTotxwXYMI-00711-00142464-00142502 and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00712-00142503-00142790 risk the health and well-being of of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00713-00142791-00142951 citizens and so
+qZTotxwXYMI-00714-00142952-00143239 and i think in part because uh a number
+qZTotxwXYMI-00715-00143240-00143463 of cyber attackers are concerned
+qZTotxwXYMI-00716-00143464-00143639 about government efforts to crack down
+qZTotxwXYMI-00717-00143640-00143839 on this that that we are that that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00718-00143840-00143983 actually is driving
+qZTotxwXYMI-00719-00143984-00144271 more of them to try to cause as much
+qZTotxwXYMI-00720-00144272-00144335 harm
+qZTotxwXYMI-00721-00144336-00144519 in in the short term as possible we have
+qZTotxwXYMI-00722-00144520-00144751 seen even you know just in the last uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00723-00144752-00144854 several months
+qZTotxwXYMI-00724-00144855-00145231 a dramatic uptick in in both the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00725-00145232-00145543 ransomware cyber locker attacks but also
+qZTotxwXYMI-00726-00145544-00145654 ddos
+qZTotxwXYMI-00727-00145655-00145966 ransoms um as well and it feels almost
+qZTotxwXYMI-00728-00145967-00146278 like a a level of of just
+qZTotxwXYMI-00729-00146279-00146654 almost um uh sort of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00730-00146655-00146983 sort of almost energy before
+qZTotxwXYMI-00731-00146984-00147223 uh before sort of a coming a coming
+qZTotxwXYMI-00732-00147224-00147335 crackdown
+qZTotxwXYMI-00733-00147336-00147663 on uh on on what's there so i do think
+qZTotxwXYMI-00734-00147664-00147790 that governments are increasingly
+qZTotxwXYMI-00735-00147791-00147911 recognizing this
+qZTotxwXYMI-00736-00147912-00148159 as as a concern i do think that they are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00737-00148160-00148239 are um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00738-00148240-00148399 are are starting to think about how to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00739-00148400-00148559 crack down on it one of the things
+qZTotxwXYMI-00740-00148560-00148647 though that i think is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00741-00148648-00148966 is incredibly important uh and and and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00742-00148967-00149183 and critical for this audience to be
+qZTotxwXYMI-00743-00149184-00149302 thinking about
+qZTotxwXYMI-00744-00149303-00149535 is that there's a there will be a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00745-00149536-00149654 temptation
+qZTotxwXYMI-00746-00149655-00149863 uh as governments around the world start
+qZTotxwXYMI-00747-00149864-00150047 to think about how to control
+qZTotxwXYMI-00748-00150048-00150366 cyber security for them to lump in
+qZTotxwXYMI-00749-00150367-00150671 other things such as journalism that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00750-00150672-00150783 they don't like
+qZTotxwXYMI-00751-00150784-00151095 or you know dissident behavior there and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00752-00151096-00151159 try to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00753-00151160-00151326 lump thing what we've seen time and time
+qZTotxwXYMI-00754-00151327-00151511 and time again is that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00755-00151512-00151783 sort of the cyber attacker who who shuts
+qZTotxwXYMI-00756-00151784-00151847 down
+qZTotxwXYMI-00757-00151848-00152166 uh you know a pipeline by by infecting a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00758-00152167-00152247 computer
+qZTotxwXYMI-00759-00152248-00152511 gets lumped into the same category as a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00760-00152512-00152775 group that is protesting in the streets
+qZTotxwXYMI-00761-00152776-00152959 over government corruption and i think
+qZTotxwXYMI-00762-00152960-00153166 that it's important for this community
+qZTotxwXYMI-00763-00153167-00153399 to be watching very carefully as
+qZTotxwXYMI-00764-00153400-00153543 governments take action
+qZTotxwXYMI-00765-00153544-00153854 and very rarely because again we have to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00766-00153855-00153959 make sure
+qZTotxwXYMI-00767-00153960-00154159 that the internet continues to live up
+qZTotxwXYMI-00768-00154160-00154375 to its ideals and as we
+qZTotxwXYMI-00769-00154376-00154599 uh as we enact as there is government
+qZTotxwXYMI-00770-00154600-00154799 action to try to control
+qZTotxwXYMI-00771-00154800-00155119 uh what what uh how cyber attacks uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00772-00155120-00155231 work online and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00773-00155232-00155511 and and and keep them in in place that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00774-00155512-00155599 that doesn't slip
+qZTotxwXYMI-00775-00155600-00155895 into uh other censorship or other um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00776-00155896-00156119 ways that that governments might want to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00777-00156120-00156295 control how how the internet works and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00778-00156296-00156454 how speech is uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00779-00156455-00156711 is delivered online so you're talking
+qZTotxwXYMI-00780-00156712-00156887 about undesirable content and what some
+qZTotxwXYMI-00781-00156888-00156966 governments are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00782-00156967-00157095 doing and we have a question from the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00783-00157096-00157311 audience here saying that cloudflare
+qZTotxwXYMI-00784-00157312-00157583 took a bold step in 2019 in removing a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00785-00157584-00157647 chan
+qZTotxwXYMI-00786-00157648-00157831 can you talk about how and why you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00787-00157832-00157966 reached that decision
+qZTotxwXYMI-00788-00157967-00158126 and whether it's still realistic for
+qZTotxwXYMI-00789-00158127-00158287 infrastructure providers to say that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00790-00158288-00158495 they have no responsibility for content
+qZTotxwXYMI-00791-00158496-00158678 related issues
+qZTotxwXYMI-00792-00158679-00158919 yeah i don't think that um i don't think
+qZTotxwXYMI-00793-00158920-00158990 that we or
+qZTotxwXYMI-00794-00158991-00159135 anyone else would say that we don't have
+qZTotxwXYMI-00795-00159136-00159335 any responsibility i think the question
+qZTotxwXYMI-00796-00159336-00159654 is just where that responsibility
+qZTotxwXYMI-00797-00159655-00160087 lies so today about one in six
+qZTotxwXYMI-00798-00160088-00160375 websites online relies on relies on
+qZTotxwXYMI-00799-00160376-00160495 cloudflare
+qZTotxwXYMI-00800-00160496-00160678 but we are we are the network provider
+qZTotxwXYMI-00801-00160679-00160878 that sits behind them um you know if you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00802-00160879-00161039 think about the responsibility for
+qZTotxwXYMI-00803-00161040-00161119 content
+qZTotxwXYMI-00804-00161120-00161278 which is which is published online you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00805-00161279-00161454 know the ultimate responsibility
+qZTotxwXYMI-00806-00161455-00161687 is with the individual who publishes
+qZTotxwXYMI-00807-00161688-00161799 that content
+qZTotxwXYMI-00808-00161800-00162143 uh then maybe on but below that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00809-00162144-00162311 might be the platform whether that's
+qZTotxwXYMI-00810-00162312-00162447 facebook or twitter
+qZTotxwXYMI-00811-00162448-00162711 or shopify or any of any of the other
+qZTotxwXYMI-00812-00162712-00162887 other platforms that are out there
+qZTotxwXYMI-00813-00162888-00163183 that sit there below that is the actual
+qZTotxwXYMI-00814-00163184-00163319 hosting provider
+qZTotxwXYMI-00815-00163320-00163543 uh that is is below it and then below
+qZTotxwXYMI-00816-00163544-00163678 that would be someone like us like the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00817-00163679-00163799 network provider
+qZTotxwXYMI-00818-00163800-00163902 and then there's infrastructure that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00819-00163903-00164087 sits even below that like the dns
+qZTotxwXYMI-00820-00164088-00164271 provider or the registrar
+qZTotxwXYMI-00821-00164272-00164566 and what i think is is important is that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00822-00164567-00164726 as we think about
+qZTotxwXYMI-00823-00164727-00164943 what the different roles are um the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00824-00164944-00165031 answer is not
+qZTotxwXYMI-00825-00165032-00165231 that you don't have any responsibility
+qZTotxwXYMI-00826-00165232-00165399 but you want to be very careful so
+qZTotxwXYMI-00827-00165400-00165743 for instance if we terminate some piece
+qZTotxwXYMI-00828-00165744-00165847 of content
+qZTotxwXYMI-00829-00165848-00166031 uh which is which is flowing through our
+qZTotxwXYMI-00830-00166032-00166238 network but it's also flowing through a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00831-00166239-00166383 particular hosting provider or a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00832-00166384-00166566 particular platform that sits on top of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00833-00166567-00166607 it
+qZTotxwXYMI-00834-00166608-00166854 we're effectively taking away the agency
+qZTotxwXYMI-00835-00166855-00167038 of those organizations that sit on top
+qZTotxwXYMI-00836-00167039-00167119 of us
+qZTotxwXYMI-00837-00167120-00167351 in order to make decisions that are
+qZTotxwXYMI-00838-00167352-00167543 aligned with whatever their own
+qZTotxwXYMI-00839-00167544-00167775 abuse policies are their own principles
+qZTotxwXYMI-00840-00167776-00167999 are and so i think the further that you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00841-00168000-00168135 go down in the stack
+qZTotxwXYMI-00842-00168136-00168414 the more careful and more deliberate you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00843-00168415-00168511 have to be
+qZTotxwXYMI-00844-00168512-00168751 in making those those decisions in the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00845-00168752-00168887 case of h-chan
+qZTotxwXYMI-00846-00168888-00169054 you know i think that it was one of the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00847-00169055-00169207 rare times
+qZTotxwXYMI-00848-00169208-00169487 where we had individuals that were
+qZTotxwXYMI-00849-00169488-00169638 acting in a way that was
+qZTotxwXYMI-00850-00169639-00169854 that was um completely outside of the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00851-00169855-00169943 values
+qZTotxwXYMI-00852-00169944-00170287 of society we had a platform that was
+qZTotxwXYMI-00853-00170288-00170431 specifically designed
+qZTotxwXYMI-00854-00170432-00170695 to be lawless not responsible to either
+qZTotxwXYMI-00855-00170696-00170895 the the laws or norms
+qZTotxwXYMI-00856-00170896-00171151 of of any any societies around the world
+qZTotxwXYMI-00857-00171152-00171375 and actively trying to thwart
+qZTotxwXYMI-00858-00171376-00171575 the efforts of law enforcement as they
+qZTotxwXYMI-00859-00171576-00171799 as they invested crimes that were um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00860-00171800-00172143 in part uh uh um uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00861-00172144-00172390 at least announced on on the platform
+qZTotxwXYMI-00862-00172391-00172583 you had a hosting provider
+qZTotxwXYMI-00863-00172584-00172854 that was actually again specifically set
+qZTotxwXYMI-00864-00172855-00172902 up
+qZTotxwXYMI-00865-00172903-00173126 to be outside of the reach of any of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00866-00173127-00173319 society's norms or laws
+qZTotxwXYMI-00867-00173320-00173447 and then you had us that were sitting
+qZTotxwXYMI-00868-00173448-00173663 below it and so i think in the ideal
+qZTotxwXYMI-00869-00173664-00173863 case you would have individuals taking
+qZTotxwXYMI-00870-00173864-00174063 responsibility for the content that they
+qZTotxwXYMI-00871-00174064-00174135 create
+qZTotxwXYMI-00872-00174136-00174311 uh if that doesn't happen you would then
+qZTotxwXYMI-00873-00174312-00174478 you would have the underlying platforms
+qZTotxwXYMI-00874-00174479-00174623 take that responsibility if that doesn't
+qZTotxwXYMI-00875-00174624-00174678 happen
+qZTotxwXYMI-00876-00174679-00174783 then the host should take that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00877-00174784-00174975 responsibility and in the rare cases
+qZTotxwXYMI-00878-00174976-00175166 where none of those four organizations
+qZTotxwXYMI-00879-00175167-00175399 are willing to take responsibility then
+qZTotxwXYMI-00880-00175400-00175511 sometimes that's going to fall to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00881-00175512-00175631 cloudflare in order to take that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00882-00175632-00175719 responsibility
+qZTotxwXYMI-00883-00175720-00175935 uh and and do that we want to make that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00884-00175936-00176023 something that is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00885-00176024-00176223 is rare uh we want to make that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00886-00176224-00176423 something that um you know we
+qZTotxwXYMI-00887-00176424-00176719 we do very deliberately um that that of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00888-00176720-00176871 course then means that there are times
+qZTotxwXYMI-00889-00176872-00177023 when there's content that flows through
+qZTotxwXYMI-00890-00177024-00177151 our network that we're
+qZTotxwXYMI-00891-00177152-00177359 not proud of and that we that we don't
+qZTotxwXYMI-00892-00177360-00177535 that we don't personally like
+qZTotxwXYMI-00893-00177536-00177766 but we think that it's important to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00894-00177767-00177959 really delineate those different lines
+qZTotxwXYMI-00895-00177960-00178126 in the technology stack
+qZTotxwXYMI-00896-00178127-00178375 and and make sure that the underlying
+qZTotxwXYMI-00897-00178376-00178614 internet itself the network itself
+qZTotxwXYMI-00898-00178615-00178975 is not being used as a way of censoring
+qZTotxwXYMI-00899-00178976-00179183 uh what content is online because that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00900-00179184-00179326 that obviously creates
+qZTotxwXYMI-00901-00179327-00179590 enormous challenges and enormous risks
+qZTotxwXYMI-00902-00179591-00179638 uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00903-00179639-00179783 for a lot of the reasons that i was
+qZTotxwXYMI-00904-00179784-00179902 talking about before in terms of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00905-00179903-00180102 governments regulating
+qZTotxwXYMI-00906-00180103-00180423 activity on the internet so just
+qZTotxwXYMI-00907-00180424-00180590 kind of staying on this topic what do
+qZTotxwXYMI-00908-00180591-00180775 you think are the likely scenarios that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00909-00180776-00180847 we might
+qZTotxwXYMI-00910-00180848-00181063 be faced with when it comes to uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00911-00181064-00181214 content regulation and content
+qZTotxwXYMI-00912-00181215-00181407 governance what do you think you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-00913-00181408-00181711 which way are we heading well you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-00914-00181712-00181783 the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00915-00181784-00181966 the internet is this massively
+qZTotxwXYMI-00916-00181967-00182247 disruptive force and i think it's hard
+qZTotxwXYMI-00917-00182248-00182614 to overstate how disruptive
+qZTotxwXYMI-00918-00182615-00182926 to um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00919-00182927-00183335 to to traditional and historic
+qZTotxwXYMI-00920-00183336-00183687 institutions it has been
+qZTotxwXYMI-00921-00183688-00184078 and um you know for for quite some time
+qZTotxwXYMI-00922-00184079-00184359 there were sort of two models of of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00923-00184360-00184526 internet regulation one was sort of the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00924-00184527-00184663 us model
+qZTotxwXYMI-00925-00184664-00184887 which i think it's hard again to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00926-00184888-00185014 overstate
+qZTotxwXYMI-00927-00185015-00185335 how i mean radical
+qZTotxwXYMI-00928-00185336-00185654 the u.s approach to uh freedom of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00929-00185655-00185750 expression
+qZTotxwXYMI-00930-00185751-00186023 is and it is it is not one that is
+qZTotxwXYMI-00931-00186024-00186087 shared
+qZTotxwXYMI-00932-00186088-00186302 by by most of the world and yet because
+qZTotxwXYMI-00933-00186303-00186399 the internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-00934-00186400-00186695 started there um that radical approach
+qZTotxwXYMI-00935-00186696-00186831 uh is what has
+qZTotxwXYMI-00936-00186832-00187078 has taken hold um around around most of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00937-00187079-00187135 the world
+qZTotxwXYMI-00938-00187136-00187535 um up until up until uh you know now
+qZTotxwXYMI-00939-00187536-00187735 um the other approach was really the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00940-00187736-00187838 chinese approach
+qZTotxwXYMI-00941-00187839-00188014 and um at some level the chinese
+qZTotxwXYMI-00942-00188015-00188223 approach is is hard to understand
+qZTotxwXYMI-00943-00188224-00188487 uh for for me as someone who grew up uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-00944-00188488-00188671 you know in the united states but but i
+qZTotxwXYMI-00945-00188672-00188719 think
+qZTotxwXYMI-00946-00188720-00188935 it's actually it's actually as as as
+qZTotxwXYMI-00947-00188936-00189095 i've thought about more it
+qZTotxwXYMI-00948-00189096-00189390 it is um it's something that that maps
+qZTotxwXYMI-00949-00189391-00189502 to
+qZTotxwXYMI-00950-00189503-00189871 what uh what other uh um other types of
+qZTotxwXYMI-00951-00189872-00190047 content that are regulated
+qZTotxwXYMI-00952-00190048-00190263 do around the world so for instance if
+qZTotxwXYMI-00953-00190264-00190438 you want to start a
+qZTotxwXYMI-00954-00190439-00190719 radio station basically anywhere in the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00955-00190720-00190783 world
+qZTotxwXYMI-00956-00190784-00190943 uh you have to apply to whoever the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00957-00190944-00191111 regulator is in the united states that's
+qZTotxwXYMI-00958-00191112-00191214 the fcc
+qZTotxwXYMI-00959-00191215-00191471 for a license to be able to broadcast
+qZTotxwXYMI-00960-00191472-00191590 across a certain
+qZTotxwXYMI-00961-00191591-00191895 uh spectrum there are rules
+qZTotxwXYMI-00962-00191896-00192087 uh that allow you you have to broadcast
+qZTotxwXYMI-00963-00192088-00192214 at a certain um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00964-00192215-00192431 at a certain uh strength of your
+qZTotxwXYMI-00965-00192432-00192599 frequency and in the united states there
+qZTotxwXYMI-00966-00192600-00192711 are certain words that you're not
+qZTotxwXYMI-00967-00192712-00192831 allowed to say
+qZTotxwXYMI-00968-00192832-00193095 um you know somewhat absurdly uh on on
+qZTotxwXYMI-00969-00193096-00193231 the on the radio station otherwise the
+qZTotxwXYMI-00970-00193232-00193463 fcc will will pull your license
+qZTotxwXYMI-00971-00193464-00193702 uh and and we sort of all accept that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00972-00193703-00193878 that's the case because
+qZTotxwXYMI-00973-00193879-00194087 um you know if you didn't have some sort
+qZTotxwXYMI-00974-00194088-00194223 of coordinating body
+qZTotxwXYMI-00975-00194224-00194502 then there would be chaos um presumably
+qZTotxwXYMI-00976-00194503-00194559 because
+qZTotxwXYMI-00977-00194560-00194735 because you'd have people broadcasting
+qZTotxwXYMI-00978-00194736-00194911 on the same frequency and radio just
+qZTotxwXYMI-00979-00194912-00195007 won't work
+qZTotxwXYMI-00980-00195008-00195214 um that's sort of the way that china
+qZTotxwXYMI-00981-00195215-00195390 thinks about about the internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-00982-00195391-00195543 is that if you want to put something up
+qZTotxwXYMI-00983-00195544-00195743 online that is going to be broadcast
+qZTotxwXYMI-00984-00195744-00195871 from inside of china
+qZTotxwXYMI-00985-00195872-00196014 you have to have a license to do that
+qZTotxwXYMI-00986-00196015-00196175 and that license is called an icp
+qZTotxwXYMI-00987-00196176-00196271 license and
+qZTotxwXYMI-00988-00196272-00196495 there's a process to uh to applying for
+qZTotxwXYMI-00989-00196496-00196647 it but it's it's very similar
+qZTotxwXYMI-00990-00196648-00196838 uh to if you were applying for a radio
+qZTotxwXYMI-00991-00196839-00196950 uh license in
+qZTotxwXYMI-00992-00196951-00197263 in the united states with the fcc um
+qZTotxwXYMI-00993-00197264-00197471 that of course you know creates uh you
+qZTotxwXYMI-00994-00197472-00197575 know a much
+qZTotxwXYMI-00995-00197576-00197926 more of a control uh uh plane
+qZTotxwXYMI-00996-00197927-00198183 for the chinese authorities to be able
+qZTotxwXYMI-00997-00198184-00198343 to control what content
+qZTotxwXYMI-00998-00198344-00198583 is online and just like uh the fcc
+qZTotxwXYMI-00999-00198584-00198823 controls what content is on the radio
+qZTotxwXYMI-01000-00198824-00199071 um that the the chinese government does
+qZTotxwXYMI-01001-00199072-00199214 that uh online as
+qZTotxwXYMI-01002-00199215-00199519 as well what i i think that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01003-00199520-00199759 the world in general outside of the us
+qZTotxwXYMI-01004-00199760-00199871 and china
+qZTotxwXYMI-01005-00199872-00200047 i think the the challenge right now is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01006-00200048-00200302 that the world is not totally happy
+qZTotxwXYMI-01007-00200303-00200543 with either of those models for
+qZTotxwXYMI-01008-00200544-00200790 regulating how the internet works
+qZTotxwXYMI-01009-00200791-00201095 they the world is worried about uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01010-00201096-00201295 the model of anything goes which has
+qZTotxwXYMI-01011-00201296-00201495 kind of been the us model in the past
+qZTotxwXYMI-01012-00201496-00201663 and the world isn't quite ready to go to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01013-00201664-00201854 the chinese model of we have to approve
+qZTotxwXYMI-01014-00201855-00201950 everything
+qZTotxwXYMI-01015-00201951-00202175 in advance and so the world i think
+qZTotxwXYMI-01016-00202176-00202399 right now is looking for what that new
+qZTotxwXYMI-01017-00202400-00202654 model is and you have some various uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01018-00202655-00202726 centers
+qZTotxwXYMI-01019-00202727-00202895 around the world that are thinking about
+qZTotxwXYMI-01020-00202896-00203159 these issues really well i think europe
+qZTotxwXYMI-01021-00203160-00203375 is actually doing a very good job of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01022-00203376-00203543 thinking about how
+qZTotxwXYMI-01023-00203544-00203854 uh and when and in what ways uh the the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01024-00203855-00203950 internet uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01025-00203951-00204166 it should be controlled and regulated
+qZTotxwXYMI-01026-00204167-00204431 and and i i think that um they have been
+qZTotxwXYMI-01027-00204432-00204607 thoughtful at understanding
+qZTotxwXYMI-01028-00204608-00204775 what the different layers of the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01029-00204776-00204990 internet stack are and why
+qZTotxwXYMI-01030-00204991-00205182 as you regulate something like facebook
+qZTotxwXYMI-01031-00205183-00205351 it may not make sense to regulate you
+qZTotxwXYMI-01032-00205352-00205527 know the undersea cable operator and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01033-00205528-00205606 actually been
+qZTotxwXYMI-01034-00205607-00205806 you know very very very thoughtful about
+qZTotxwXYMI-01035-00205807-00206079 how how to uh move forward around that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01036-00206080-00206238 and and i think that's the case
+qZTotxwXYMI-01037-00206239-00206479 i think um the challenge though is is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01038-00206480-00206655 whether or not that coalesces into
+qZTotxwXYMI-01039-00206656-00206806 something that can be
+qZTotxwXYMI-01040-00206807-00207103 a uh a model that the rest of the world
+qZTotxwXYMI-01041-00207104-00207175 can follow
+qZTotxwXYMI-01042-00207176-00207303 i think the country that i'm watching
+qZTotxwXYMI-01043-00207304-00207519 the most closely um and where
+qZTotxwXYMI-01044-00207519-00207775 where i think um you know the the likely
+qZTotxwXYMI-01045-00207776-00207910 kind of new model for internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-01046-00207911-00208006 regulation
+qZTotxwXYMI-01047-00208007-00208190 uh for better or worse is likely to come
+qZTotxwXYMI-01048-00208191-00208351 out of it's gonna be india
+qZTotxwXYMI-01049-00208352-00208671 um india you know is is um is i think
+qZTotxwXYMI-01050-00208671-00208871 thinking through if they have the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01051-00208871-00209158 critical mass and size to really be
+qZTotxwXYMI-01052-00209159-00209375 kind of a new anchor for a third way of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01053-00209376-00209503 internet regulation
+qZTotxwXYMI-01054-00209504-00209815 um i think the challenge is that um that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01055-00209816-00210023 you know what we're seeing out of it uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01056-00210023-00210158 out of india so far
+qZTotxwXYMI-01057-00210159-00210375 looks like it is going to error more uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01058-00210376-00210575 towards sort of a chinese model
+qZTotxwXYMI-01059-00210576-00210734 and and i think that's um that's
+qZTotxwXYMI-01060-00210735-00210894 something that we all really need to pay
+qZTotxwXYMI-01061-00210896-00211094 a lot of attention to and think about
+qZTotxwXYMI-01062-00211096-00211279 um whether whether that's something that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01063-00211280-00211463 that we want the entire internet to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01064-00211464-00211734 uh to follow and so i think watch india
+qZTotxwXYMI-01065-00211735-00211879 extremely carefully and i think that's
+qZTotxwXYMI-01066-00211880-00212006 that's where a lot of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01067-00212007-00212142 of sort of the future of internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-01068-00212144-00212319 regulation is is going to be is going to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01069-00212319-00212510 be thought through
+qZTotxwXYMI-01070-00212511-00212679 thank you for that uh and we have
+qZTotxwXYMI-01071-00212680-00212846 another question here from the audience
+qZTotxwXYMI-01072-00212848-00213063 asking you that if you could erase one
+qZTotxwXYMI-01073-00213064-00213151 or two mis
+qZTotxwXYMI-01074-00213152-00213334 perceptions about the internet and the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01075-00213335-00213767 cloud what would they be
+qZTotxwXYMI-01076-00213767-00214151 you know um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01077-00214152-00214510 i used to teach a course
+qZTotxwXYMI-01078-00214511-00215055 on internet technology and privacy law
+qZTotxwXYMI-01079-00215056-00215287 back back back when i back when i was a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01080-00215288-00215406 back when i was a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01081-00215407-00215719 a not very good law professor and one of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01082-00215719-00215798 the things
+qZTotxwXYMI-01083-00215800-00216063 um you know that students would come in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01084-00216064-00216142 and they were
+qZTotxwXYMI-01085-00216144-00216398 they were um you know they they were
+qZTotxwXYMI-01086-00216400-00216510 they're like they were
+qZTotxwXYMI-01087-00216511-00216751 they're very idealistic um you know they
+qZTotxwXYMI-01088-00216752-00216910 sort of had a lot of the same
+qZTotxwXYMI-01089-00216911-00217198 same um background as i do and and you
+qZTotxwXYMI-01090-00217200-00217255 know
+qZTotxwXYMI-01091-00217256-00217463 there are just a lot of assumptions on
+qZTotxwXYMI-01092-00217464-00217567 you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-01093-00217567-00217727 that the internet is this this almost
+qZTotxwXYMI-01094-00217728-00217887 infinite resource and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01095-00217888-00218215 um and and that that's uh and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01096-00218216-00218494 that's and that that it that the way it
+qZTotxwXYMI-01097-00218496-00218734 it has been will just continue to grow
+qZTotxwXYMI-01098-00218735-00218782 and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01099-00218783-00218982 and that that will be the case over time
+qZTotxwXYMI-01100-00218983-00219119 and i remember
+qZTotxwXYMI-01101-00219119-00219334 one of the things i learned teaching law
+qZTotxwXYMI-01102-00219335-00219487 was that the same thing that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01103-00219488-00219831 that the kids enjoyed when they were in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01104-00219832-00220103 second or third grade is the same thing
+qZTotxwXYMI-01105-00220104-00220142 that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01106-00220144-00220431 that that law students enjoy uh later on
+qZTotxwXYMI-01107-00220432-00220551 in their careers which is that their
+qZTotxwXYMI-01108-00220552-00220639 favorite
+qZTotxwXYMI-01109-00220640-00220927 day of class was field trips and so we
+qZTotxwXYMI-01110-00220928-00221031 would always take i would always take
+qZTotxwXYMI-01111-00221032-00221255 them on a field trip to 350 cermak which
+qZTotxwXYMI-01112-00221256-00221287 is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01113-00221288-00221463 um which is the largest data center in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01114-00221464-00221655 the world um i was teaching in chicago
+qZTotxwXYMI-01115-00221656-00221694 and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01116-00221696-00221871 so we go down there it's near mccormick
+qZTotxwXYMI-01117-00221871-00222039 place off lake shore drive for those of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01118-00222040-00222119 you who know
+qZTotxwXYMI-01119-00222119-00222246 you know the city it's the old yellow
+qZTotxwXYMI-01120-00222248-00222519 pages um printing warehouse
+qZTotxwXYMI-01121-00222519-00222646 for anyone who remembers what the yellow
+qZTotxwXYMI-01122-00222648-00222927 pages were and um and it's turned into
+qZTotxwXYMI-01123-00222928-00223094 this giant facility and they
+qZTotxwXYMI-01124-00223096-00223279 the impression as you walk through that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01125-00223280-00223398 door and you walk through all the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01126-00223400-00223519 security
+qZTotxwXYMI-01127-00223519-00223710 and and then you know the the different
+qZTotxwXYMI-01128-00223711-00223831 layers and and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01129-00223832-00224071 into the actual facility is like wow
+qZTotxwXYMI-01130-00224071-00224158 this is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01131-00224159-00224415 there's a lot of there's a lot of atoms
+qZTotxwXYMI-01132-00224416-00224471 uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01133-00224471-00224646 that are that are involved and a lot of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01134-00224648-00224894 electrons uh that that need to flow in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01135-00224896-00225015 order for all these bits
+qZTotxwXYMI-01136-00225016-00225206 um to flow and so i think the first
+qZTotxwXYMI-01137-00225207-00225319 thing um i
+qZTotxwXYMI-01138-00225319-00225567 i would say is that um you know there
+qZTotxwXYMI-01139-00225567-00225679 there is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01140-00225680-00226015 the the the internet is um more more
+qZTotxwXYMI-01141-00226016-00226342 costly and as a result more fragile
+qZTotxwXYMI-01142-00226344-00226534 uh to administer than than i think the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01143-00226535-00226734 average person knows it feels just
+qZTotxwXYMI-01144-00226735-00226846 magical
+qZTotxwXYMI-01145-00226848-00227031 but behind the scenes there there are a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01146-00227032-00227206 lot of people working incredibly hard to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01147-00227207-00227303 make sure
+qZTotxwXYMI-01148-00227304-00227558 uh that it stays online and and the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01149-00227559-00227639 reason why
+qZTotxwXYMI-01150-00227640-00227942 that then means that it's fragile is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01151-00227944-00228191 you know that that building 350 cermak
+qZTotxwXYMI-01152-00228192-00228279 if it were
+qZTotxwXYMI-01153-00228280-00228542 if it were to go offline for some reason
+qZTotxwXYMI-01154-00228544-00228751 would disrupt a huge portion of how
+qZTotxwXYMI-01155-00228752-00228998 how the internet works um if if a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01156-00229000-00229182 government wanted to control
+qZTotxwXYMI-01157-00229183-00229487 uh how bits flew fly uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01158-00229488-00229671 across the internet and and what bits
+qZTotxwXYMI-01159-00229671-00229798 are there you know there
+qZTotxwXYMI-01160-00229800-00230071 are still a relatively uh small set of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01161-00230071-00230103 of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01162-00230104-00230319 organizations and and places around the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01163-00230319-00230439 world that they
+qZTotxwXYMI-01164-00230440-00230671 that they potentially can can do that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01165-00230671-00230791 and so i think it
+qZTotxwXYMI-01166-00230792-00231127 it is up to all of us to really think
+qZTotxwXYMI-01167-00231128-00231239 about um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01168-00231240-00231406 you know what is the internet to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01169-00231407-00231703 recognize the fragility of it
+qZTotxwXYMI-01170-00231704-00231991 uh and and to really have agency as we
+qZTotxwXYMI-01171-00231992-00232158 think about its future
+qZTotxwXYMI-01172-00232159-00232358 and we think about what how it's going
+qZTotxwXYMI-01173-00232359-00232527 to be regulated and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01174-00232528-00232879 and how it's going to be uh connected to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01175-00232880-00233071 and how it's going to be controlled or
+qZTotxwXYMI-01176-00233071-00233231 or or uncontrolled
+qZTotxwXYMI-01177-00233232-00233606 and um and that that that is is a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01178-00233607-00233882 an incredibly difficult set of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01179-00233883-00234079 challenges uh that you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-01180-00234080-00234310 i i think are are some of the most
+qZTotxwXYMI-01181-00234311-00234487 important questions that that we can ask
+qZTotxwXYMI-01182-00234488-00234598 and it's and it's what
+qZTotxwXYMI-01183-00234600-00234791 our entire team and what cloudflare has
+qZTotxwXYMI-01184-00234792-00234910 set up uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01185-00234911-00235182 to to um be a part of of hopefully
+qZTotxwXYMI-01186-00235183-00235319 helping solve you know when we say our
+qZTotxwXYMI-01187-00235319-00235431 mission is to help build a better
+qZTotxwXYMI-01188-00235432-00235527 internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-01189-00235528-00235734 that means how do we how do we make sure
+qZTotxwXYMI-01190-00235735-00235871 that anyone
+qZTotxwXYMI-01191-00235871-00236119 anywhere in the world who needs to get
+qZTotxwXYMI-01192-00236119-00236303 access to the network and all the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01193-00236304-00236479 advantages that that brings
+qZTotxwXYMI-01194-00236480-00236646 whether they're publishing content or
+qZTotxwXYMI-01195-00236648-00236855 consuming content that they can do so in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01196-00236856-00236975 a way that is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01197-00236976-00237287 is um on the same footing and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01198-00237288-00237575 on the same level as as you know some of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01199-00237576-00237782 the internet giants or or some people
+qZTotxwXYMI-01200-00237783-00237839 from
+qZTotxwXYMI-01201-00237840-00238006 wealthy countries or organizations
+qZTotxwXYMI-01202-00238007-00238175 around the world and i think that if we
+qZTotxwXYMI-01203-00238176-00238263 can do that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01204-00238264-00238446 that really is the internet living up to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01205-00238448-00238694 to its its best self
+qZTotxwXYMI-01206-00238696-00238919 so speaking about like access to your
+qZTotxwXYMI-01207-00238919-00239142 products the question to you is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01208-00239144-00239319 do you think repressive governments
+qZTotxwXYMI-01209-00239319-00239503 should have access to cloudflare
+qZTotxwXYMI-01210-00239504-00239855 products yeah i mean
+qZTotxwXYMI-01211-00239856-00240055 an issue we really struggle with um you
+qZTotxwXYMI-01212-00240056-00240223 know we are computer scientists more
+qZTotxwXYMI-01213-00240223-00240406 than political scientists and so we
+qZTotxwXYMI-01214-00240407-00240558 really lean on
+qZTotxwXYMI-01215-00240559-00240910 the um the the people who are in this
+qZTotxwXYMI-01216-00240911-00240998 audience and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01217-00241000-00241294 and and then other experts uh in order
+qZTotxwXYMI-01218-00241296-00241351 to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01219-00241352-00241582 in order to um in order to help us
+qZTotxwXYMI-01220-00241583-00241655 suggest
+qZTotxwXYMI-01221-00241656-00241967 uh what to do i think generally uh our
+qZTotxwXYMI-01222-00241967-00242255 our approach has been that we're we're
+qZTotxwXYMI-01223-00242256-00242334 we're not
+qZTotxwXYMI-01224-00242335-00242510 we're not selling the sort of guns and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01225-00242511-00242671 ammo we're selling the the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01226-00242671-00242982 the um the the metaphorical
+qZTotxwXYMI-01227-00242983-00243294 um bulletproof jacket and and we do
+qZTotxwXYMI-01228-00243296-00243375 think that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01229-00243376-00243727 providing access to information um is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01230-00243728-00243991 is is something which is is is important
+qZTotxwXYMI-01231-00243992-00244079 for us to do
+qZTotxwXYMI-01232-00244080-00244287 regardless of of whether we agree with
+qZTotxwXYMI-01233-00244288-00244455 that information or disagree with that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01234-00244456-00244542 information
+qZTotxwXYMI-01235-00244544-00244782 uh that's online i think it as we start
+qZTotxwXYMI-01236-00244783-00245030 to make what our editorial decisions on
+qZTotxwXYMI-01237-00245031-00245239 who can and cannot use our network
+qZTotxwXYMI-01238-00245240-00245463 i think it starts us down a path which
+qZTotxwXYMI-01239-00245464-00245542 is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01240-00245544-00245839 a really pretty tricky path for us us to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01241-00245840-00246063 head down um you know we terminated
+qZTotxwXYMI-01242-00246064-00246391 some really vile neo-nazis uh from
+qZTotxwXYMI-01243-00246392-00246767 from our our network uh and and within
+qZTotxwXYMI-01244-00246767-00247087 the next seven days we received over
+qZTotxwXYMI-01245-00247088-00247263 three thousand requests
+qZTotxwXYMI-01246-00247264-00247542 uh from nation states saying oh here are
+qZTotxwXYMI-01247-00247544-00247767 a bunch of organizations that are using
+qZTotxwXYMI-01248-00247767-00247958 uh your platform that we don't agree
+qZTotxwXYMI-01249-00247959-00248087 with either please
+qZTotxwXYMI-01250-00248088-00248391 kick them off as well um and and some of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01251-00248392-00248463 those were
+qZTotxwXYMI-01252-00248464-00248742 um i mean most of those actually were
+qZTotxwXYMI-01253-00248744-00248830 were very
+qZTotxwXYMI-01254-00248831-00249119 um uh positive we would be things that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01255-00249119-00249182 we would
+qZTotxwXYMI-01256-00249183-00249367 agree with and and we're people who are
+qZTotxwXYMI-01257-00249367-00249606 doing hard work um oftentimes reporting
+qZTotxwXYMI-01258-00249607-00249671 on
+qZTotxwXYMI-01259-00249671-00249967 uh corruption and um and and other
+qZTotxwXYMI-01260-00249967-00250087 things in the in the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01261-00250088-00250342 countries where they they operate so i i
+qZTotxwXYMI-01262-00250344-00250391 think it's
+qZTotxwXYMI-01263-00250392-00250630 it's a tough issue and i think we follow
+qZTotxwXYMI-01264-00250631-00250703 the guidance
+qZTotxwXYMI-01265-00250704-00250982 from uh the the state department in the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01266-00250983-00251127 united states which is where we which is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01267-00251128-00251230 where we operate
+qZTotxwXYMI-01268-00251231-00251406 and others in order to make sure that we
+qZTotxwXYMI-01269-00251407-00251591 comply with any sanctions
+qZTotxwXYMI-01270-00251592-00251863 uh or or regulations but we are very
+qZTotxwXYMI-01271-00251864-00251958 hesitant
+qZTotxwXYMI-01272-00251959-00252239 to make a unilateral call on you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-01273-00252240-00252271 this
+qZTotxwXYMI-01274-00252271-00252519 is this is a government that is is is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01275-00252519-00252630 doing something that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01276-00252631-00252871 um that you know we we don't agree with
+qZTotxwXYMI-01277-00252871-00252998 or we don't approve of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01278-00253000-00253151 because we worry about the precedent
+qZTotxwXYMI-01279-00253152-00253391 that that sets and uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01280-00253392-00253567 and and and again i think it's very
+qZTotxwXYMI-01281-00253567-00253727 dangerous for someone who who
+qZTotxwXYMI-01282-00253728-00253894 operates as low down on the internet as
+qZTotxwXYMI-01283-00253896-00254063 we do to be making a lot of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01284-00254064-00254239 determinations on what content is and is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01285-00254240-00254391 not online
+qZTotxwXYMI-01286-00254392-00254679 right um i have a question for you
+qZTotxwXYMI-01287-00254680-00254982 around sort of the digital divide and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01288-00254983-00255175 you know if you look at this um you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-01289-00255176-00255342 we talked about the sharp take-up of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01290-00255344-00255494 digital technology
+qZTotxwXYMI-01291-00255496-00255727 um during the pandemic but has also
+qZTotxwXYMI-01292-00255728-00255942 exposed this widening digital divide not
+qZTotxwXYMI-01293-00255944-00256094 only between the businesses themselves
+qZTotxwXYMI-01294-00256096-00256255 but also between countries
+qZTotxwXYMI-01295-00256256-00256510 and we've you know uh figures from the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01296-00256511-00256598 u.n say that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01297-00256600-00256758 almost half of the world's population is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01298-00256759-00256903 still offline
+qZTotxwXYMI-01299-00256904-00257063 and for those of course uh the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01300-00257064-00257198 experience has been different throughout
+qZTotxwXYMI-01301-00257200-00257287 the pandemic
+qZTotxwXYMI-01302-00257288-00257446 what in your opinion are some of the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01303-00257448-00257598 actions that are needed
+qZTotxwXYMI-01304-00257600-00258023 to help close this divide so
+qZTotxwXYMI-01305-00258023-00258230 we i mean there there are there are a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01306-00258231-00258334 number of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01307-00258335-00258551 there are a number of things uh that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01308-00258552-00258734 that of course we we have to do
+qZTotxwXYMI-01309-00258735-00258927 and i think that we need to make it so
+qZTotxwXYMI-01310-00258928-00259142 that the the internet is uh affordable
+qZTotxwXYMI-01311-00259144-00259167 and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01312-00259167-00259479 accessible to everyone on earth um that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01313-00259480-00259639 wants to be that wants to be connected
+qZTotxwXYMI-01314-00259640-00259703 to it
+qZTotxwXYMI-01315-00259704-00259998 um i i think i try to to sort of stay in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01316-00260000-00260079 my lane
+qZTotxwXYMI-01317-00260080-00260263 and and talk about those things that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01318-00260264-00260391 that we can impact
+qZTotxwXYMI-01319-00260392-00260534 but one of the things that we're really
+qZTotxwXYMI-01320-00260535-00260703 thinking about and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01321-00260704-00261015 and working on is how in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01322-00261016-00261294 underserved communities um often often
+qZTotxwXYMI-01323-00261296-00261430 rural communities
+qZTotxwXYMI-01324-00261431-00261719 and those those are you know in in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01325-00261719-00261887 developing countries but they also can
+qZTotxwXYMI-01326-00261888-00261919 be
+qZTotxwXYMI-01327-00261919-00262158 in developed countries uh in in parts of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01328-00262159-00262255 the world that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01329-00262256-00262479 you know just the the local telecoms
+qZTotxwXYMI-01330-00262480-00262639 haven't prioritized
+qZTotxwXYMI-01331-00262640-00262887 uh making access to broadband services
+qZTotxwXYMI-01332-00262888-00263015 but how can we use
+qZTotxwXYMI-01333-00263016-00263334 cloudflare's reach and our network
+qZTotxwXYMI-01334-00263335-00263663 in order to help facilitate access
+qZTotxwXYMI-01335-00263664-00264095 to uh the internet as as as broadly as
+qZTotxwXYMI-01336-00264096-00264334 as possible and make sure that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01337-00264335-00264487 regardless of where you are on
+qZTotxwXYMI-01338-00264488-00264710 on on the planet you have access to a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01339-00264711-00264903 fast connection now we can't do that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01340-00264904-00264982 ourselves
+qZTotxwXYMI-01341-00264983-00265279 um we don't make uh you know mobile
+qZTotxwXYMI-01342-00265280-00265351 phones we
+qZTotxwXYMI-01343-00265352-00265647 we're unlikely to bid on on radio
+qZTotxwXYMI-01344-00265648-00265782 spectrum
+qZTotxwXYMI-01345-00265783-00265991 but we do want to make sure that if if
+qZTotxwXYMI-01346-00265992-00266239 you are a local entrepreneur
+qZTotxwXYMI-01347-00266240-00266495 or a local telecommunications provider
+qZTotxwXYMI-01348-00266496-00266655 that is providing services in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01349-00266656-00266982 rural parts of the world how can we then
+qZTotxwXYMI-01350-00266983-00267303 help facilitate you providing the best
+qZTotxwXYMI-01351-00267304-00267615 possible experience to all of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01352-00267616-00267871 your customers and do it in a way which
+qZTotxwXYMI-01353-00267872-00268071 again doesn't disadvantage you
+qZTotxwXYMI-01354-00268072-00268279 uh because you are you are living in a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01355-00268280-00268455 developing portion of the world or
+qZTotxwXYMI-01356-00268456-00268734 or in um you know a rural part of a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01357-00268735-00268871 developed country
+qZTotxwXYMI-01358-00268872-00269127 and and i think that that's um that's
+qZTotxwXYMI-01359-00269128-00269247 something that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01360-00269248-00269439 you know we can help with and i think
+qZTotxwXYMI-01361-00269440-00269558 that's something that we are thinking
+qZTotxwXYMI-01362-00269559-00269710 about and working on
+qZTotxwXYMI-01363-00269711-00270030 um and and that's a that i think um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01364-00270031-00270239 is one of the ways that you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-01365-00270240-00270463 companies can think about how
+qZTotxwXYMI-01366-00270464-00270743 they can provide services uh to to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01367-00270744-00270799 connect
+qZTotxwXYMI-01368-00270800-00271039 uh more of the world uh online in our
+qZTotxwXYMI-01369-00271040-00271230 case you know we're in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01370-00271231-00271487 you know well over 200 countries now uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01371-00271488-00271647 uh excuse me well over 100 countries
+qZTotxwXYMI-01372-00271648-00271855 well over 200 cities uh now
+qZTotxwXYMI-01373-00271856-00272015 around the world um you know the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01374-00272016-00272199 majority of the customers that pay us
+qZTotxwXYMI-01375-00272200-00272463 are are in you know concentrated in in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01376-00272464-00272599 the developed world
+qZTotxwXYMI-01377-00272600-00272791 but but we really do believe that our
+qZTotxwXYMI-01378-00272792-00272967 mission is to to make the internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-01379-00272968-00273127 accessible everywhere on earth
+qZTotxwXYMI-01380-00273128-00273303 and so that's why you know we continue
+qZTotxwXYMI-01381-00273304-00273463 to build out our infrastructure
+qZTotxwXYMI-01382-00273464-00273615 um all around the world and if we can
+qZTotxwXYMI-01383-00273616-00273782 then use that infrastructure
+qZTotxwXYMI-01384-00273783-00274006 to help support those less connected
+qZTotxwXYMI-01385-00274007-00274095 communities
+qZTotxwXYMI-01386-00274096-00274230 um i think that that would be something
+qZTotxwXYMI-01387-00274231-00274423 that that that i would be really proud
+qZTotxwXYMI-01388-00274424-00274639 of and and that would would help
+qZTotxwXYMI-01389-00274640-00274951 uh you know be one small piece of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01390-00274952-00275047 helping bridge
+qZTotxwXYMI-01391-00275048-00275206 bridge the digital divide but there's
+qZTotxwXYMI-01392-00275207-00275367 there's a there's a lot that that we
+qZTotxwXYMI-01393-00275368-00275495 have to do and i think it's important
+qZTotxwXYMI-01394-00275496-00275558 for
+qZTotxwXYMI-01395-00275559-00275767 every company that's touching touching
+qZTotxwXYMI-01396-00275768-00275879 the internet to think about
+qZTotxwXYMI-01397-00275880-00276079 how it is that they can provide that and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01398-00276080-00276319 do it in a way that gives people not not
+qZTotxwXYMI-01399-00276320-00276391 sort of a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01400-00276392-00276543 dumbed down version of the internet but
+qZTotxwXYMI-01401-00276544-00276655 a full and complete version of the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01402-00276656-00276782 internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-01403-00276783-00276927 thank you i'd like to go back a little
+qZTotxwXYMI-01404-00276928-00277103 bit to talk me about the sort of public
+qZTotxwXYMI-01405-00277104-00277191 private
+qZTotxwXYMI-01406-00277192-00277367 uh partnership that is needed and the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01407-00277368-00277495 collaboration
+qZTotxwXYMI-01408-00277496-00277671 um and going back to those sort of like
+qZTotxwXYMI-01409-00277672-00277815 the increased uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01410-00277816-00277967 threats that we are witnessing what do
+qZTotxwXYMI-01411-00277968-00278110 you think other lessons that have been
+qZTotxwXYMI-01412-00278111-00278167 learned
+qZTotxwXYMI-01413-00278168-00278463 from recent large-scale uh cyber attacks
+qZTotxwXYMI-01414-00278464-00278623 in terms of effective collaboration
+qZTotxwXYMI-01415-00278624-00278703 between uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01416-00278704-00278879 governments and the private sector and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01417-00278880-00279015 what do you think that all of the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01418-00279016-00279158 private sector should be i mean how is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01419-00279159-00279319 it evolving how
+qZTotxwXYMI-01420-00279320-00279703 how would you like to see it going
+qZTotxwXYMI-01421-00279704-00279934 you know so 12 years ago cloudflare was
+qZTotxwXYMI-01422-00279935-00280039 just an idea
+qZTotxwXYMI-01423-00280040-00280463 on a piece of paper and um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01424-00280464-00280703 and you know it took a lot of hard work
+qZTotxwXYMI-01425-00280704-00280782 from
+qZTotxwXYMI-01426-00280783-00281023 from you know all of the team that has
+qZTotxwXYMI-01427-00281024-00281151 built built
+qZTotxwXYMI-01428-00281152-00281430 the company into what it is today um but
+qZTotxwXYMI-01429-00281431-00281567 we couldn't have done it
+qZTotxwXYMI-01430-00281568-00281775 without you know a stable and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01431-00281776-00281879 functioning
+qZTotxwXYMI-01432-00281880-00282175 government uh that that allowed us to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01433-00282176-00282206 make
+qZTotxwXYMI-01434-00282207-00282447 make the investments that we needed uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01435-00282448-00282567 and and build them
+qZTotxwXYMI-01436-00282568-00282710 and build our infrastructure out and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01437-00282711-00282934 support it and do it in a way that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01438-00282935-00283263 that um that that was that was important
+qZTotxwXYMI-01439-00283264-00283415 and that that's not unique to cloudflare
+qZTotxwXYMI-01440-00283416-00283623 that's that's true of any business
+qZTotxwXYMI-01441-00283624-00283863 anywhere in the world where you you have
+qZTotxwXYMI-01442-00283864-00283943 to work
+qZTotxwXYMI-01443-00283944-00284151 with you know the greater community and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01444-00284152-00284334 society that you're a part of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01445-00284335-00284671 and um you know the the stakeholders
+qZTotxwXYMI-01446-00284672-00284806 that you serve
+qZTotxwXYMI-01447-00284807-00285047 are much broader than just your
+qZTotxwXYMI-01448-00285048-00285271 investors or or your employees it's
+qZTotxwXYMI-01449-00285272-00285495 you know it is a broader set of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01450-00285496-00285647 stakeholders and so i think
+qZTotxwXYMI-01451-00285648-00285879 something that has been in our dna from
+qZTotxwXYMI-01452-00285880-00286095 the beginning has been always to ask
+qZTotxwXYMI-01453-00286096-00286406 how can we work with that broader set of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01454-00286407-00286519 stakeholders
+qZTotxwXYMI-01455-00286520-00286830 in order to provide uh services and so
+qZTotxwXYMI-01456-00286831-00287063 um you know we're we launched project
+qZTotxwXYMI-01457-00287064-00287247 galileo which is the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01458-00287248-00287567 the the the um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01459-00287568-00287879 project that gives our services at no
+qZTotxwXYMI-01460-00287880-00288079 cost any politically or artistically
+qZTotxwXYMI-01461-00288080-00288230 important organizations
+qZTotxwXYMI-01462-00288231-00288447 uh around the world we've worked with a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01463-00288448-00288663 lot of the civil society organizations
+qZTotxwXYMI-01464-00288664-00288951 in order to help us overcome you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-01465-00288952-00289103 again our our lack of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01466-00289104-00289495 of of real understanding of what are
+qZTotxwXYMI-01467-00289496-00289654 uh the organizations that are the most
+qZTotxwXYMI-01468-00289655-00289854 deserving of that and and worked
+qZTotxwXYMI-01469-00289855-00290039 work to do that you know incredibly well
+qZTotxwXYMI-01470-00290040-00290151 and i think that that's been a great
+qZTotxwXYMI-01471-00290152-00290254 partnership
+qZTotxwXYMI-01472-00290255-00290575 with with civil society i think the the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01473-00290576-00290710 example of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01474-00290711-00290951 for us a partnership with government
+qZTotxwXYMI-01475-00290952-00291047 that is that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01476-00291048-00291287 that worked really well was um what we
+qZTotxwXYMI-01477-00291288-00291447 call the athenian project
+qZTotxwXYMI-01478-00291448-00291806 um in 2016 i think we watched um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01479-00291807-00292182 with with you know really grave concern
+qZTotxwXYMI-01480-00292183-00292487 uh as what what i had thought of as
+qZTotxwXYMI-01481-00292488-00292679 a you know very stable institution which
+qZTotxwXYMI-01482-00292680-00292806 were elections
+qZTotxwXYMI-01483-00292807-00293143 uh in the united states were um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01484-00293144-00293439 at least called into question by uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01485-00293440-00293527 cyber attack
+qZTotxwXYMI-01486-00293528-00293799 activities uh around around the world
+qZTotxwXYMI-01487-00293800-00293903 and it and it
+qZTotxwXYMI-01488-00293904-00294223 felt you know like like the uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01489-00294224-00294447 entire way that elections were organized
+qZTotxwXYMI-01490-00294448-00294615 in the united states where
+qZTotxwXYMI-01491-00294616-00294815 uh you you pushed you made it a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01492-00294816-00294967 massively distributed
+qZTotxwXYMI-01493-00294968-00295263 effort where every county ran their own
+qZTotxwXYMI-01494-00295264-00295399 election in their own
+qZTotxwXYMI-01495-00295400-00295623 particular way while that was a really
+qZTotxwXYMI-01496-00295624-00295719 great
+qZTotxwXYMI-01497-00295720-00296015 uh a way of of organizing elections for
+qZTotxwXYMI-01498-00296016-00296191 sort of the public choice
+qZTotxwXYMI-01499-00296192-00296503 uh and um and other challenges
+qZTotxwXYMI-01500-00296504-00296767 of of the you know first 200 years of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01501-00296768-00296943 the country's uh history
+qZTotxwXYMI-01502-00296944-00297191 um you know recently that that put all
+qZTotxwXYMI-01503-00297192-00297254 of those
+qZTotxwXYMI-01504-00297255-00297591 officials um very much at risk for
+qZTotxwXYMI-01505-00297592-00297934 sophisticated nation state tampering uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01506-00297935-00298158 as they went forward and so you know we
+qZTotxwXYMI-01507-00298159-00298375 resolved that we had to do something
+qZTotxwXYMI-01508-00298376-00298503 about that and so we launched the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01509-00298504-00298758 athenian project with a simple premise
+qZTotxwXYMI-01510-00298759-00298943 which was how can we provide our
+qZTotxwXYMI-01511-00298944-00299151 services at no cost
+qZTotxwXYMI-01512-00299152-00299430 to any u.s election official that is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01513-00299431-00299543 charged with
+qZTotxwXYMI-01514-00299544-00299727 administering elections in any way and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01515-00299728-00299887 we can't protect everything you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-01516-00299888-00300039 we're not in the voting booth and if
+qZTotxwXYMI-01517-00300040-00300206 there's corrupt software on
+qZTotxwXYMI-01518-00300207-00300406 on a voting machine um that's not
+qZTotxwXYMI-01519-00300407-00300591 something that that we're in a position
+qZTotxwXYMI-01520-00300592-00300710 to be able to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01521-00300711-00300958 uh to protect but we can help make sure
+qZTotxwXYMI-01522-00300959-00301143 that you know people can register to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01523-00301144-00301263 vote uh through
+qZTotxwXYMI-01524-00301264-00301487 you know a website reliably and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01525-00301488-00301630 consistently they can find out where
+qZTotxwXYMI-01526-00301631-00301782 their polling place is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01527-00301783-00302119 um the the districts can report back the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01528-00302120-00302199 results
+qZTotxwXYMI-01529-00302200-00302415 uh through a secure mechanism they can
+qZTotxwXYMI-01530-00302416-00302606 then uh the the associated press
+qZTotxwXYMI-01531-00302607-00302751 or whoever can actually publish those
+qZTotxwXYMI-01532-00302752-00302943 results out and so the internet is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01533-00302944-00303310 is critically um intertwined today with
+qZTotxwXYMI-01534-00303311-00303558 safe and and fair elections and when we
+qZTotxwXYMI-01535-00303559-00303630 launched that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01536-00303631-00303919 um shortly after the 2016 election i i
+qZTotxwXYMI-01537-00303920-00303999 don't think we knew
+qZTotxwXYMI-01538-00304000-00304254 exactly uh what the what the uptake
+qZTotxwXYMI-01539-00304255-00304303 would be
+qZTotxwXYMI-01540-00304304-00304630 and you know again i i think that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01541-00304631-00304823 you know we there there are people in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01542-00304824-00304975 there are people on our team who are
+qZTotxwXYMI-01543-00304976-00305110 democrats or people on our team who are
+qZTotxwXYMI-01544-00305111-00305223 republicans
+qZTotxwXYMI-01545-00305224-00305471 and and we we worked incredibly hard to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01546-00305472-00305551 say you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-01547-00305552-00305734 we don't care if you're a red state or a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01548-00305735-00305903 blue state or a purple state
+qZTotxwXYMI-01549-00305904-00306039 we just want to make sure that you've
+qZTotxwXYMI-01550-00306040-00306239 got the tools and technology
+qZTotxwXYMI-01551-00306240-00306623 to uh to keep to keep the institutions
+qZTotxwXYMI-01552-00306624-00306823 uh that that are critical to government
+qZTotxwXYMI-01553-00306824-00307023 online and and secure and i
+qZTotxwXYMI-01554-00307024-00307206 i'm really proud of the fact that you
+qZTotxwXYMI-01555-00307207-00307351 know while there were there were
+qZTotxwXYMI-01556-00307352-00307479 there were a lot of things about the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01557-00307480-00307695 2020 election that were
+qZTotxwXYMI-01558-00307696-00308006 um that were that were very
+qZTotxwXYMI-01559-00308007-00308358 uh uh contentious um across across the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01560-00308359-00308430 country
+qZTotxwXYMI-01561-00308431-00308630 um cyber attacks did not play a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01562-00308631-00308775 significant role in them
+qZTotxwXYMI-01563-00308776-00308991 and and and and i think that that was
+qZTotxwXYMI-01564-00308992-00309182 because of hard work from cloudflare
+qZTotxwXYMI-01565-00309183-00309399 but also organizations like microsoft
+qZTotxwXYMI-01566-00309400-00309567 and google who are providing their
+qZTotxwXYMI-01567-00309568-00309703 services at no cost
+qZTotxwXYMI-01568-00309704-00309943 um to governments around the world and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01569-00309944-00310030 uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01570-00310031-00310327 and that was a real change from the 2016
+qZTotxwXYMI-01571-00310328-00310358 uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01572-00310359-00310551 elections and and i think it's i think
+qZTotxwXYMI-01573-00310552-00310734 that that was incredibly rewarding
+qZTotxwXYMI-01574-00310735-00310967 uh for for our entire team the thing
+qZTotxwXYMI-01575-00310968-00311047 that's that's
+qZTotxwXYMI-01576-00311048-00311191 that's interesting about it is you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-01577-00311192-00311406 if if you if you're
+qZTotxwXYMI-01578-00311407-00311551 you know i think a lot of the people who
+qZTotxwXYMI-01579-00311552-00311719 are in this audience
+qZTotxwXYMI-01580-00311720-00312095 um would would see that as
+qZTotxwXYMI-01581-00312096-00312215 you know of course businesses should be
+qZTotxwXYMI-01582-00312216-00312423 doing that um but but businesses
+qZTotxwXYMI-01583-00312424-00312551 sometimes you know the business leaders
+qZTotxwXYMI-01584-00312552-00312734 sometimes have a hard time justifying it
+qZTotxwXYMI-01585-00312735-00312854 because they have to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01586-00312855-00313071 you know it's it's time that their
+qZTotxwXYMI-01587-00313072-00313206 engineers are spent building
+qZTotxwXYMI-01588-00313207-00313367 building features that could otherwise
+qZTotxwXYMI-01589-00313368-00313615 be spent um you know for features for
+qZTotxwXYMI-01590-00313616-00313782 you know big customers who pay you you
+qZTotxwXYMI-01591-00313783-00313967 know lots of money or or
+qZTotxwXYMI-01592-00313968-00314279 time that um you know the distraction to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01593-00314280-00314310 the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01594-00314311-00314558 the rest of what you're doing um but i
+qZTotxwXYMI-01595-00314559-00314671 think for anyone who
+qZTotxwXYMI-01596-00314672-00314958 is um you know a business leader i will
+qZTotxwXYMI-01597-00314959-00315030 say that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01598-00315031-00315215 like there has been nothing which has
+qZTotxwXYMI-01599-00315216-00315367 been better
+qZTotxwXYMI-01600-00315368-00315582 at helping us recruit some of the best
+qZTotxwXYMI-01601-00315583-00315727 engineers in the world
+qZTotxwXYMI-01602-00315728-00315999 at helping us recruit customers uh to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01603-00316000-00316158 sign up for our service
+qZTotxwXYMI-01604-00316159-00316471 than um doing what is right
+qZTotxwXYMI-01605-00316472-00316687 on on a societal basis and spending the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01606-00316688-00316895 time to to work on these
+qZTotxwXYMI-01607-00316896-00317095 you know public-private partnerships uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01608-00317096-00317310 partnerships with civil society
+qZTotxwXYMI-01609-00317311-00317591 and and you know we do those things
+qZTotxwXYMI-01610-00317592-00317727 because we think of the right thing to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01611-00317728-00317830 do
+qZTotxwXYMI-01612-00317831-00318023 but it also turns out that those those
+qZTotxwXYMI-01613-00318024-00318151 are the the right thing to do
+qZTotxwXYMI-01614-00318152-00318343 to attract the best engineers in the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01615-00318344-00318639 world um you know sign up more customers
+qZTotxwXYMI-01616-00318640-00318982 uh and and so you can you can do
+qZTotxwXYMI-01617-00318983-00319254 you can do the right thing uh and also
+qZTotxwXYMI-01618-00319255-00319295 have a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01619-00319296-00319439 have a it'd be the right thing for your
+qZTotxwXYMI-01620-00319440-00319591 business as well and i think we we
+qZTotxwXYMI-01621-00319592-00319695 learned that lesson
+qZTotxwXYMI-01622-00319696-00319951 over and over again and uh and it's part
+qZTotxwXYMI-01623-00319952-00320151 of why it's it's easy for us to continue
+qZTotxwXYMI-01624-00320152-00320479 to invest in these in these areas
+qZTotxwXYMI-01625-00320480-00320782 um so we have a few questions from the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01626-00320783-00320863 audience
+qZTotxwXYMI-01627-00320864-00321158 one is saying that last year you joined
+qZTotxwXYMI-01628-00321159-00321327 gni and committed to working towards the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01629-00321328-00321534 u.n principles on business and human
+qZTotxwXYMI-01630-00321535-00321591 rights
+qZTotxwXYMI-01631-00321592-00321782 can you speak to how this has impacted
+qZTotxwXYMI-01632-00321783-00321943 the company internally
+qZTotxwXYMI-01633-00321944-00322158 and what are you doing differently now
+qZTotxwXYMI-01634-00322159-00322271 after you've uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01635-00322272-00322615 signed up to this uh to this to this
+qZTotxwXYMI-01636-00322616-00322895 work so you know one of the things
+qZTotxwXYMI-01637-00322896-00323191 that's um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01638-00323192-00323479 you know i think that we have done i
+qZTotxwXYMI-01639-00323480-00323758 think we are making significant progress
+qZTotxwXYMI-01640-00323759-00324103 in fixing what i think of as the kind of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01641-00324104-00324254 core bugs
+qZTotxwXYMI-01642-00324255-00324463 of the internet and some of those bugs
+qZTotxwXYMI-01643-00324464-00324575 are that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01644-00324576-00324910 someone who is sitting on a line uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01645-00324911-00325030 between you and whoever you're
+qZTotxwXYMI-01646-00325031-00325271 communicating with i
+qZTotxwXYMI-01647-00325272-00325519 can the way the internet was designed
+qZTotxwXYMI-01648-00325520-00325663 see everything you're you're doing
+qZTotxwXYMI-01649-00325664-00325775 see everything you're saying see
+qZTotxwXYMI-01650-00325776-00325910 everything you're communicating and so
+qZTotxwXYMI-01651-00325911-00326095 starting back in 2014
+qZTotxwXYMI-01652-00326096-00326319 when we made encryption free for you
+qZTotxwXYMI-01653-00326320-00326463 know all of our customers and that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01654-00326464-00326510 really
+qZTotxwXYMI-01655-00326511-00326719 was that and then the work from let's
+qZTotxwXYMI-01656-00326720-00326927 encrypt and mozilla and eff
+qZTotxwXYMI-01657-00326928-00327167 you know that that those things really
+qZTotxwXYMI-01658-00327168-00327310 turn the tide from
+qZTotxwXYMI-01659-00327311-00327503 something where encryption was only
+qZTotxwXYMI-01660-00327504-00327630 available to those people who could
+qZTotxwXYMI-01661-00327631-00327767 afford to pay for it
+qZTotxwXYMI-01662-00327768-00327967 too it was available by default across
+qZTotxwXYMI-01663-00327968-00328158 platforms was a big deal
+qZTotxwXYMI-01664-00328159-00328495 we've worked with 1.1.1.1 our our dns
+qZTotxwXYMI-01665-00328496-00328751 resolver to encrypt dns traffic
+qZTotxwXYMI-01666-00328752-00329095 and you know push much more of of dns to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01667-00329096-00329134 be
+qZTotxwXYMI-01668-00329135-00329367 to be encrypted today uh we're working
+qZTotxwXYMI-01669-00329368-00329543 on encrypting the sni which is sort of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01670-00329544-00329606 the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01671-00329607-00329823 um the information on the outside of the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01672-00329824-00330047 uh of the envelope we're working to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01673-00330048-00330310 um to actually encrypt the underlying uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01674-00330311-00330399 connectivity
+qZTotxwXYMI-01675-00330400-00330727 of how routers uh connect together and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01676-00330728-00331054 and as a result of that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01677-00331055-00331375 it is it is is creating is making it
+qZTotxwXYMI-01678-00331376-00331606 much harder for governments
+qZTotxwXYMI-01679-00331607-00331927 to be able to restrict uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01680-00331928-00332206 what content flows flows across across
+qZTotxwXYMI-01681-00332207-00332271 the internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-01682-00332272-00332630 um and and we're sort of closing down
+qZTotxwXYMI-01683-00332631-00332895 all of all of those those um those
+qZTotxwXYMI-01684-00332896-00333087 different those different paths
+qZTotxwXYMI-01685-00333088-00333303 um that said there are governments that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01686-00333304-00333423 have laws
+qZTotxwXYMI-01687-00333424-00333758 uh and and those laws uh in in many
+qZTotxwXYMI-01688-00333759-00333806 times
+qZTotxwXYMI-01689-00333807-00333991 you know are actually fairly reasonable
+qZTotxwXYMI-01690-00333992-00334158 and and well thought out i mean it's
+qZTotxwXYMI-01691-00334159-00334278 it's hard
+qZTotxwXYMI-01692-00334279-00334639 to um you know again as the american
+qZTotxwXYMI-01693-00334640-00334958 uh going going into germany and and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01694-00334959-00335110 you know the german german government
+qZTotxwXYMI-01695-00335111-00335263 says you should shut down
+qZTotxwXYMI-01696-00335264-00335495 uh neo-nazi content and and you know as
+qZTotxwXYMI-01697-00335496-00335695 a naive american you might say
+qZTotxwXYMI-01698-00335696-00335871 well what about the first amendment and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01699-00335872-00336006 and i think uh you know
+qZTotxwXYMI-01700-00336007-00336199 if if they don't roll your eyes at you
+qZTotxwXYMI-01701-00336200-00336375 um you know a reasonable
+qZTotxwXYMI-01702-00336376-00336575 um german regulator will say well i
+qZTotxwXYMI-01703-00336576-00336719 understand that that is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01704-00336720-00337103 your law born out of your tradition and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01705-00337104-00337223 your history but
+qZTotxwXYMI-01706-00337224-00337487 we have very different sets of laws uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01707-00337488-00337678 born out of a very different
+qZTotxwXYMI-01708-00337679-00337847 tradition in a very different history
+qZTotxwXYMI-01709-00337848-00338023 and i think you have to respect that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01710-00338024-00338310 and um and and i think that it's
+qZTotxwXYMI-01711-00338311-00338439 important that governments
+qZTotxwXYMI-01712-00338440-00338775 be transparent uh and consistent and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01713-00338776-00338878 accountable
+qZTotxwXYMI-01714-00338879-00339023 to the rules that they have in place but
+qZTotxwXYMI-01715-00339024-00339182 i think you need to um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01716-00339183-00339319 that you need to respect that on the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01717-00339320-00339630 other hand there are times where
+qZTotxwXYMI-01718-00339631-00339847 governments go way too far and they and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01719-00339848-00340047 they infringe on
+qZTotxwXYMI-01720-00340048-00340239 what are really the civil rights of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01721-00340240-00340391 organizations around the world and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01722-00340392-00340782 so the consequence as we um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01723-00340783-00341063 are able to encrypt more of the traffic
+qZTotxwXYMI-01724-00341064-00341287 online as we're able to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01725-00341288-00341415 shut down a lot of the ways that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01726-00341416-00341591 governments traditionally regulate the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01727-00341592-00341687 internet
+qZTotxwXYMI-01728-00341688-00341895 more and more of those questions come to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01729-00341896-00341991 us uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01730-00341992-00342239 and and we have to um deal with them and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01731-00342240-00342375 again we operate
+qZTotxwXYMI-01732-00342376-00342503 in all of these countries around the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01733-00342504-00342687 world and um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01734-00342688-00342871 and so we have to respect the laws in
+qZTotxwXYMI-01735-00342872-00343015 those countries around the world
+qZTotxwXYMI-01736-00343016-00343206 but there are times where governments go
+qZTotxwXYMI-01737-00343207-00343327 too far and you need to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01738-00343328-00343519 set a real floor and so i think that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01739-00343520-00343639 that's why
+qZTotxwXYMI-01740-00343640-00343933 gni and the un are such an important
+qZTotxwXYMI-01741-00343934-00344151 [Applause]
+qZTotxwXYMI-01742-00344152-00344487 principles for companies to sign up to
+qZTotxwXYMI-01743-00344488-00344703 to be able to push back when governments
+qZTotxwXYMI-01744-00344704-00344830 do go too far
+qZTotxwXYMI-01745-00344831-00345006 and say you know this is the floor below
+qZTotxwXYMI-01746-00345007-00345230 which we we will not cross
+qZTotxwXYMI-01747-00345231-00345551 and so i i keep a copy of that um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01748-00345552-00345839 of of that document on my desk and i
+qZTotxwXYMI-01749-00345840-00346047 think it's a constant reminder for us
+qZTotxwXYMI-01750-00346048-00346343 that um that we do have obligations and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01751-00346344-00346519 and that we have to make sure that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01752-00346520-00346719 that we're not falling below what what
+qZTotxwXYMI-01753-00346720-00346919 are the basic human rights standards
+qZTotxwXYMI-01754-00346920-00347199 uh that that are online even as as we
+qZTotxwXYMI-01755-00347200-00347327 increasingly have to work with
+qZTotxwXYMI-01756-00347328-00347551 governments around the world
+qZTotxwXYMI-01757-00347552-00347758 thank you and i think we have time maybe
+qZTotxwXYMI-01758-00347759-00347967 for one last question
+qZTotxwXYMI-01759-00347968-00348095 and i wanted because we've been talking
+qZTotxwXYMI-01760-00348096-00348287 about what governments are doing how
+qZTotxwXYMI-01761-00348288-00348439 you're working with governments what
+qZTotxwXYMI-01762-00348440-00348654 private sector companies are doing but
+qZTotxwXYMI-01763-00348655-00348799 what we haven't talked about
+qZTotxwXYMI-01764-00348800-00349127 is uh like an entire world that is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01765-00349128-00349351 taking place at the un level with like
+qZTotxwXYMI-01766-00349352-00349503 two processes
+qZTotxwXYMI-01767-00349504-00349695 bringing states together trying to agree
+qZTotxwXYMI-01768-00349696-00349839 on how they should behave with each
+qZTotxwXYMI-01769-00349840-00349967 other in cyberspace
+qZTotxwXYMI-01770-00349968-00350143 so he had two processes that concluded
+qZTotxwXYMI-01771-00350144-00350310 their work in the last few months
+qZTotxwXYMI-01772-00350311-00350551 and they managed to agree on what you
+qZTotxwXYMI-01773-00350552-00350678 know on the rules of the road as they
+qZTotxwXYMI-01774-00350679-00350767 call them
+qZTotxwXYMI-01775-00350768-00351006 given that some of the biggest attacks
+qZTotxwXYMI-01776-00351007-00351191 have states behind them what do you
+qZTotxwXYMI-01777-00351192-00351271 think
+qZTotxwXYMI-01778-00351272-00351503 the impact of these agreements will be
+qZTotxwXYMI-01779-00351504-00351767 in in real life
+qZTotxwXYMI-01780-00351768-00351943 you know i know it's it's um it's
+qZTotxwXYMI-01781-00351944-00352199 fashionable to sort of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01782-00352200-00352358 pooh-pooh these agreements and say they
+qZTotxwXYMI-01783-00352359-00352503 don't matter
+qZTotxwXYMI-01784-00352504-00352734 but what's been fascinating now has been
+qZTotxwXYMI-01785-00352735-00352854 watching
+qZTotxwXYMI-01786-00352855-00353175 as there have been you know bilateral
+qZTotxwXYMI-01787-00353176-00353430 or multilateral agreements uh between
+qZTotxwXYMI-01788-00353431-00353519 governments
+qZTotxwXYMI-01789-00353520-00353854 that they actually do then impact uh
+qZTotxwXYMI-01790-00353855-00354247 how how cyber attackers
+qZTotxwXYMI-01791-00354248-00354527 operate online when the obama
+qZTotxwXYMI-01792-00354528-00354630 administration
+qZTotxwXYMI-01793-00354631-00354910 and and the g administration signed a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01794-00354911-00355054 cyber accord
+qZTotxwXYMI-01795-00355055-00355439 uh we actually saw a dramatic decrease
+qZTotxwXYMI-01796-00355440-00355734 in cyber attacks coming out of china
+qZTotxwXYMI-01797-00355735-00355815 even from
+qZTotxwXYMI-01798-00355816-00356030 uh from private organizations and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01799-00356031-00356151 individuals
+qZTotxwXYMI-01800-00356152-00356454 targeting uh us-based companies um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01801-00356455-00356703 and so and and and and then you know the
+qZTotxwXYMI-01802-00356704-00356806 latest example
+qZTotxwXYMI-01803-00356807-00357071 um which is which is which is a maybe a
+qZTotxwXYMI-01804-00357072-00357223 less positive one is
+qZTotxwXYMI-01805-00357224-00357487 that you know you see a lot of the um
+qZTotxwXYMI-01806-00357488-00357719 cyber attacks coming out of russia
+qZTotxwXYMI-01807-00357720-00357934 specifically coding into their their
+qZTotxwXYMI-01808-00357935-00358039 malware
+qZTotxwXYMI-01809-00358040-00358254 uh restrictions that make sure that they
+qZTotxwXYMI-01810-00358255-00358375 don't touch
+qZTotxwXYMI-01811-00358376-00358678 or target any russian speaking
+qZTotxwXYMI-01812-00358679-00358943 individuals or companies and so i think
+qZTotxwXYMI-01813-00358944-00359103 it's important that governments work on
+qZTotxwXYMI-01814-00359104-00359310 this i think it's it's important that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01815-00359311-00359510 that these principles get outlined but
+qZTotxwXYMI-01816-00359511-00359703 again i would caution this audience
+qZTotxwXYMI-01817-00359704-00359910 to make sure that you continue to watch
+qZTotxwXYMI-01818-00359911-00360071 this because it will be very tempting
+qZTotxwXYMI-01819-00360072-00360175 for governments
+qZTotxwXYMI-01820-00360176-00360463 to slip in additional censorship and
+qZTotxwXYMI-01821-00360464-00360623 content regulation
+qZTotxwXYMI-01822-00360624-00360919 in the in the form of cyber regulation
+qZTotxwXYMI-01823-00360920-00361039 and i think it's important that we all
+qZTotxwXYMI-01824-00361040-00361119 watch for that
+qZTotxwXYMI-01825-00361120-00361334 and and and try and defend the best of
+qZTotxwXYMI-01826-00361335-00361430 the internet to the best of our
+qZTotxwXYMI-01827-00361431-00361623 abilities
+qZTotxwXYMI-01828-00361624-00361863 matthew prince uh thank you very much
+qZTotxwXYMI-01829-00361864-00362039 for your time today and for this great
+qZTotxwXYMI-01830-00362040-00362254 conversation and thank you very much for
+qZTotxwXYMI-01831-00362255-00362430 the audience and for all the interesting
+qZTotxwXYMI-01832-00362431-00362630 questions and all the luck with the rest
+qZTotxwXYMI-01833-00362631-00362751 of guys gone
+qZTotxwXYMI-01835-00383368-00383576 you
+qZW26jn9dpo-00000-00000208-00000359 hello everyone
+qZW26jn9dpo-00001-00000360-00000671 my name is my name is grace today we're
+qZW26jn9dpo-00002-00000672-00000943 going to read the bible story
+qZW26jn9dpo-00003-00000944-00001558 is abram abraham let's read
+qZW26jn9dpo-00004-00001559-00001871 abram was born
+qZW26jn9dpo-00005-00001872-00002183 at the time many people
+qZW26jn9dpo-00006-00002184-00002550 even turned the father of abraham
+qZW26jn9dpo-00007-00002551-00002855 served others god
+qZW26jn9dpo-00008-00002856-00002997 so abraham
+qZW26jn9dpo-00009-00002998-00003166 [Music]
+qZW26jn9dpo-00010-00003167-00003743 obeyed god but his father
+qZW26jn9dpo-00011-00003744-00004283 served the other false gods
+qZW26jn9dpo-00012-00004284-00004663 yes
+qZW26jn9dpo-00013-00004664-00005102 what you're doing
+qZW26jn9dpo-00014-00005103-00005679 full scott
+qZW26jn9dpo-00015-00005680-00006134 i'm making a false god
+qZW26jn9dpo-00016-00006135-00006678 like they were they made
+qZW26jn9dpo-00017-00006679-00007167 and
+qZW26jn9dpo-00018-00007168-00007487 they made it with like
+qZW26jn9dpo-00019-00007488-00007823 gold and they deserve it but it's the
+qZW26jn9dpo-00020-00007823-00008231 false god
+qZW26jn9dpo-00021-00008232-00008535 god has said to everyone leave
+qZW26jn9dpo-00022-00008536-00008927 your country your people and your father
+qZW26jn9dpo-00023-00008928-00009278 should go to
+qZW26jn9dpo-00024-00009279-00009646 the land we saw you
+qZW26jn9dpo-00025-00009647-00009974 so around that god had to
+qZW26jn9dpo-00026-00009975-00010395 abram was
+qZW26jn9dpo-00027-00010396-00010806 75 years old
+qZW26jn9dpo-00028-00010807-00011283 oh god said
+qZW26jn9dpo-00029-00011284-00011542 go away
+qZW26jn9dpo-00030-00011543-00011951 to your front country
+qZW26jn9dpo-00031-00011952-00012406 and abraham do god say
+qZW26jn9dpo-00032-00012407-00013566 that gabriel was 75 years
+qZW26jn9dpo-00033-00013568-00013919 god promised abraham i will make you
+qZW26jn9dpo-00034-00013919-00014263 into a great nation and will
+qZW26jn9dpo-00035-00014263-00014566 bless you i will make your name
+qZW26jn9dpo-00036-00014568-00015119 great and you will be blessing
+qZW26jn9dpo-00037-00015119-00015430 so god promised that
+qZW26jn9dpo-00038-00015431-00016175 everyone will make a great nation
+qZW26jn9dpo-00039-00016176-00016479 god has also said to abraham
+qZW26jn9dpo-00040-00016480-00016815 i will bless those who
+qZW26jn9dpo-00041-00016816-00017158 bless you and however
+qZW26jn9dpo-00042-00017159-00017535 cool you i see cool
+qZW26jn9dpo-00043-00017536-00017871 and all people are spirit
+qZW26jn9dpo-00044-00017872-00018367 blessed to you
+qZW26jn9dpo-00045-00018368-00018767 and god said to abram i'll be
+qZW26jn9dpo-00046-00018768-00019111 blessed i will bless
+qZW26jn9dpo-00047-00019112-00019550 those who bless you
+qZW26jn9dpo-00048-00019551-00019871 and vulnerable cause you will
+qZW26jn9dpo-00049-00019872-00020263 code and or paper
+qZW26jn9dpo-00050-00020264-00020807 on ours
+qZW26jn9dpo-00051-00020808-00021158 abram use the invite
+qZW26jn9dpo-00052-00021159-00021630 travelers where has speed
+qZW26jn9dpo-00053-00021631-00022039 hopefully one day
+qZW26jn9dpo-00054-00022040-00022383 he looked up and saw three
+qZW26jn9dpo-00055-00022384-00022686 men standing nearby abraham
+qZW26jn9dpo-00056-00022687-00023167 treat them all treat them
+qZW26jn9dpo-00057-00023168-00023486 well as
+qZW26jn9dpo-00058-00023487-00023814 you saw this three men
+qZW26jn9dpo-00059-00023815-00024199 were an angel from thought
+qZW26jn9dpo-00060-00024200-00024727 what are you doing
+qZW26jn9dpo-00061-00024728-00025119 there are three mans
+qZW26jn9dpo-00062-00025120-00025927 and abrams saw themselves
+qZW26jn9dpo-00063-00025927-00026431 he treated them and they was the son
+qZW26jn9dpo-00064-00026432-00027023 they was the gods angel
+qZW26jn9dpo-00065-00027024-00027431 angel has said i say to goodness to
+qZW26jn9dpo-00066-00027432-00027543 about
+qZW26jn9dpo-00067-00027544-00027967 god will give you all so in next year
+qZW26jn9dpo-00068-00027968-00028270 april mark zara could not believe
+qZW26jn9dpo-00069-00028272-00028646 this because he was already past
+qZW26jn9dpo-00070-00028647-00028974 the age to children
+qZW26jn9dpo-00071-00028975-00029287 of angel said
+qZW26jn9dpo-00072-00029288-00029599 you will got a
+qZW26jn9dpo-00073-00029600-00029935 a child in next year and
+qZW26jn9dpo-00074-00029936-00030883 china tara was not believed and he
+qZW26jn9dpo-00075-00030883-00031783 he
+qZW26jn9dpo-00076-00031783-00032146 came present and born as
+qZW26jn9dpo-00077-00032147-00032518 son to abram and his age
+qZW26jn9dpo-00078-00032519-00032823 at the very time of
+qZW26jn9dpo-00079-00032824-00033943 god he promised him
+qZW26jn9dpo-00080-00033944-00034374 so god promised
+qZW26jn9dpo-00081-00034375-00034759 to give a son so they really
+qZW26jn9dpo-00082-00034760-00035151 had a sign yes
+qZW26jn9dpo-00083-00035152-00035671 even sarah was too old to have a baby
+qZW26jn9dpo-00084-00035672-00036055 oh my god whatever god told him
+qZW26jn9dpo-00085-00036056-00036615 to do was god worked this day
+qZW26jn9dpo-00086-00036616-00036935 with obedience
+qZW26jn9dpo-00087-00036936-00037318 god promised that all national
+qZW26jn9dpo-00088-00037319-00037623 arts will be blessed
+qZW26jn9dpo-00089-00037624-00038311 towards about offering and god bless him
+qZW26jn9dpo-00090-00038312-00038902 god god promised
+qZW26jn9dpo-00091-00038903-00039223 oh abram fury and god
+qZW26jn9dpo-00092-00039224-00040790 bless him
+qZW26jn9dpo-00093-00040791-00041174 so today we read about abraham
+qZW26jn9dpo-00094-00041175-00041711 so abram believed god very much
+qZW26jn9dpo-00095-00041712-00042335 he served god also
+qZW26jn9dpo-00096-00042336-00042687 and they obey god and
+qZW26jn9dpo-00097-00042688-00043087 he go he leaves the country
+qZW26jn9dpo-00098-00043088-00043399 he lived their land
+qZW26jn9dpo-00099-00043400-00043727 a country they
+qZW26jn9dpo-00100-00043728-00044127 left their house
+qZW26jn9dpo-00101-00044128-00044439 and country
+qZW26jn9dpo-00102-00044440-00044823 and god had proved abraham i will make
+qZW26jn9dpo-00103-00044824-00044855 you
+qZW26jn9dpo-00104-00044856-00045183 into the great national and i will bless
+qZW26jn9dpo-00105-00045184-00045358 you
+qZW26jn9dpo-00106-00045359-00045799 god
+qZW26jn9dpo-00107-00045800-00046279 god promise the great nation
+qZW26jn9dpo-00108-00046280-00046767 and blessed and he believed
+qZW26jn9dpo-00109-00046768-00047143 and god said to abram i will bless those
+qZW26jn9dpo-00110-00047144-00048086 who bless you
+qZW26jn9dpo-00111-00048087-00048407 oprah and they
+qZW26jn9dpo-00112-00048408-00048767 had a son isaac
+qZW26jn9dpo-00113-00048768-00049207 god give the son issac to abraham
+qZW26jn9dpo-00114-00049208-00049558 isaac means oh
+qZW26jn9dpo-00115-00049559-00050246 oh god make me laugh
+qZW26jn9dpo-00116-00050247-00050551 happily yesterday bible
+qZW26jn9dpo-00117-00050552-00050807 story did you enjoy and next time we'll
+qZW26jn9dpo-00118-00050808-00050862 read
+qZW26jn9dpo-00119-00050863-00051151 another good story joseph then let's see
+qZW26jn9dpo-00120-00051152-00051466 you next time
+qZW26jn9dpo-00121-00051467-00051767 bye
+qc6DC1UCV20-00000-00000039-00000238 so here's a picture of a crater shadow
+qc6DC1UCV20-00001-00000239-00000478 let me let it load here
+qc6DC1UCV20-00002-00000479-00000678 so we've got the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00003-00000679-00000767 um
+qc6DC1UCV20-00004-00000768-00001015 wall of the crater and the sun is coming
+qc6DC1UCV20-00005-00001016-00001358 in at some angle from the horizon right
+qc6DC1UCV20-00006-00001359-00001550 and as it strikes the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00007-00001551-00001871 rim of the crater the rim casts a shadow
+qc6DC1UCV20-00008-00001872-00002142 into the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00009-00002143-00002383 crater floor
+qc6DC1UCV20-00010-00002384-00002663 so
+qc6DC1UCV20-00011-00002664-00002879 we can figure out some things about the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00012-00002880-00003158 crater based on the shadows
+qc6DC1UCV20-00013-00003159-00003375 so if we think about the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00014-00003376-00003751 um crater rims and then the floor of the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00015-00003752-00004015 crater and then let's just draw this
+qc6DC1UCV20-00016-00004015-00004222 circle as if we're looking down from
+qc6DC1UCV20-00017-00004223-00004438 above so this is the crater floor as
+qc6DC1UCV20-00018-00004439-00004654 seen from above
+qc6DC1UCV20-00019-00004655-00004886 then imagine we have the sun
+qc6DC1UCV20-00020-00004887-00005231 uh it's at some angle above the horizon
+qc6DC1UCV20-00021-00005232-00005479 and it's you know shining onto the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00022-00005480-00005583 crater
+qc6DC1UCV20-00023-00005584-00005934 well you can draw a line from the rim
+qc6DC1UCV20-00024-00005935-00006134 of uh to the center of the sun and
+qc6DC1UCV20-00025-00006135-00006478 wherever that line intersects the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00026-00006479-00006614 floor of the crater that's going to be
+qc6DC1UCV20-00027-00006615-00006767 the shadowed region
+qc6DC1UCV20-00028-00006768-00006887 so
+qc6DC1UCV20-00029-00006888-00007046 that region is not going to be receiving
+qc6DC1UCV20-00030-00007047-00007255 sunlight so that would be the region of
+qc6DC1UCV20-00031-00007256-00007414 crater shadow
+qc6DC1UCV20-00032-00007415-00007695 so how much of the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00033-00007695-00007959 floor is shadowed depends on that angle
+qc6DC1UCV20-00034-00007959-00008142 of the sun
+qc6DC1UCV20-00035-00008143-00008446 so if you have a you know a lower solar
+qc6DC1UCV20-00036-00008447-00008678 altitude then you're going to have a
+qc6DC1UCV20-00037-00008679-00008878 larger shadow overall
+qc6DC1UCV20-00038-00008879-00009159 so you can imagine that if the moon's
+qc6DC1UCV20-00039-00009160-00009399 orbit is relatively close to the earth's
+qc6DC1UCV20-00040-00009400-00009510 orbit
+qc6DC1UCV20-00041-00009511-00009678 about five degrees off
+qc6DC1UCV20-00042-00009679-00009919 um it's going to also have permanent
+qc6DC1UCV20-00043-00009920-00010214 shadows in certain latitudes
+qc6DC1UCV20-00044-00010215-00010359 i don't have a question
+qc6DC1UCV20-00045-00010360-00010695 prepared for this but i guess just
+qc6DC1UCV20-00046-00010696-00010895 you can type just in the chat
+qc6DC1UCV20-00047-00010896-00011006 quickly
+qc6DC1UCV20-00048-00011007-00011214 do you think this would be more likely
+qc6DC1UCV20-00049-00011215-00011510 at kind of mid-latitudes near the moon's
+qc6DC1UCV20-00050-00011511-00011742 equator or near the moon's poles to be
+qc6DC1UCV20-00051-00011743-00012238 in permanent shadow
+qc6DC1UCV20-00052-00012239-00012551 yep exactly so near the moon's poles the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00053-00012552-00012799 sun's altitude is going to be lower for
+qc6DC1UCV20-00054-00012800-00013030 more of
+qc6DC1UCV20-00055-00013031-00013222 i would say a year but it doesn't really
+qc6DC1UCV20-00056-00013223-00013343 matter because the moon doesn't have a
+qc6DC1UCV20-00057-00013344-00013503 huge axial till
+qc6DC1UCV20-00058-00013504-00013863 but for more of the month
+qc6DC1UCV20-00059-00013863-00014094 okay awesome
+qc6DC1UCV20-00060-00014095-00014327 so yes we would expect maybe to find
+qc6DC1UCV20-00061-00014328-00014519 more frozen water in the permanently
+qc6DC1UCV20-00062-00014519-00014838 shadowed craters near the poles
+qc6DC1UCV20-00063-00014840-00015094 okay um another variable that impacts
+qc6DC1UCV20-00064-00015095-00015319 the shadows is how deep or shallow the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00065-00015319-00015558 crater is so if the crater is relatively
+qc6DC1UCV20-00066-00015559-00015647 shallow
+qc6DC1UCV20-00067-00015647-00015735 then
+qc6DC1UCV20-00068-00015736-00015830 um
+qc6DC1UCV20-00069-00015831-00016103 the shadow will cover less of the floor
+qc6DC1UCV20-00070-00016104-00016279 but if the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00071-00016280-00016430 crater is relatively deep then the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00072-00016431-00016639 shadow will cover more of it
+qc6DC1UCV20-00073-00016640-00016919 so all of this geometry can be used to
+qc6DC1UCV20-00074-00016920-00017111 figure out the size of a crater and the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00075-00017112-00017367 depth of a crater if you know the other
+qc6DC1UCV20-00076-00017368-00017607 variable so you know typically it would
+qc6DC1UCV20-00077-00017608-00017814 be easy to measure the size of a crater
+qc6DC1UCV20-00078-00017815-00018007 right we can do that because we have
+qc6DC1UCV20-00079-00018008-00018255 objects in orbit around the moon or even
+qc6DC1UCV20-00080-00018256-00018399 if you had a good telescope you could
+qc6DC1UCV20-00081-00018400-00018575 figure out how big it is compared to the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00082-00018576-00018767 whole diameter of the moon
+qc6DC1UCV20-00083-00018768-00018903 and then if you knew how much of the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00084-00018904-00019214 crater was shadowed at a given
+qc6DC1UCV20-00085-00019215-00019511 latitude and time of day then and you
+qc6DC1UCV20-00086-00019512-00019703 knew the solar altitude then you can
+qc6DC1UCV20-00087-00019704-00019879 figure out the depth of the crater so
+qc6DC1UCV20-00088-00019880-00020071 let me show you how that works
+qc6DC1UCV20-00089-00020072-00020199 um if we
+qc6DC1UCV20-00090-00020200-00020422 can measure the length of the shadow by
+qc6DC1UCV20-00091-00020423-00020711 taking a picture for example
+qc6DC1UCV20-00092-00020712-00020903 we can calculate the depth
+qc6DC1UCV20-00093-00020904-00021135 but we need to know also the angle of
+qc6DC1UCV20-00094-00021136-00021327 the sun so essentially all we're doing
+qc6DC1UCV20-00095-00021328-00021535 here is creating a right triangle and
+qc6DC1UCV20-00096-00021536-00021743 using a little bit of trigonometry to
+qc6DC1UCV20-00097-00021744-00022039 calculate the depth of the crater
+qc6DC1UCV20-00098-00022040-00022127 so
+qc6DC1UCV20-00099-00022128-00022335 i think this is really cool because
+qc6DC1UCV20-00100-00022336-00022671 i love math and love when it can
+qc6DC1UCV20-00101-00022672-00022886 calculate fun things
+qc6DC1UCV20-00102-00022887-00023039 we're not going to do anything with this
+qc6DC1UCV20-00103-00023040-00023214 but i just wanted to show you how that
+qc6DC1UCV20-00104-00023215-00023511 works
+qc6DC1UCV20-00105-00023512-00023727 okay
+qc6DC1UCV20-00106-00023728-00023950 um okay recall question
+qc6DC1UCV20-00107-00023951-00024175 about the solar angle what is that angle
+qc6DC1UCV20-00108-00024176-00024542 above the horizon called
+qc6DC1UCV20-00109-00024543-00024647 okay
+qc6DC1UCV20-00110-00024648-00024919 i now see most votes for altitude this
+qc6DC1UCV20-00111-00024920-00025078 is good
+qc6DC1UCV20-00112-00025079-00025414 yes so the sun's altitude is the angle
+qc6DC1UCV20-00113-00025415-00025646 above the horizon
+qc6DC1UCV20-00114-00025647-00025943 and we talked about this in the homework
+qc6DC1UCV20-00115-00025944-00026111 so you may
+qc6DC1UCV20-00116-00026112-00026287 want to expect it
+qc6DC1UCV20-00117-00026288-00026487 on a quiz make sure that you remember
+qc6DC1UCV20-00118-00026488-00026670 the difference between these different
+qc6DC1UCV20-00119-00026672-00026862 angle measurements the zenith is the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00120-00026863-00027167 angle from vertical so zenith angle is
+qc6DC1UCV20-00121-00027168-00027374 the angle of the sun from
+qc6DC1UCV20-00122-00027375-00027614 the observer's zenith and altitude is
+qc6DC1UCV20-00123-00027616-00027870 the angle from the observer's horizon
+qc6DC1UCV20-00124-00027872-00028118 declination and latitude these are
+qc6DC1UCV20-00125-00028119-00028279 remember two different things as well
+qc6DC1UCV20-00126-00028280-00028439 they don't have to do with the location
+qc6DC1UCV20-00127-00028439-00028751 of the sun latitude is our location from
+qc6DC1UCV20-00128-00028752-00028967 earth's equator measured toward the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00129-00028968-00029255 north or south and then declination is
+qc6DC1UCV20-00130-00029256-00029470 that same sort of angle but on the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00131-00029472-00029639 celestial sphere instead
+qc6DC1UCV20-00132-00029639-00029862 measured from the celestial equator
+qc6DC1UCV20-00133-00029863-00030174 why would we care about using math to
+qc6DC1UCV20-00134-00030175-00030351 measure the depth of a crater if we can
+qc6DC1UCV20-00135-00030352-00030502 just put something in orbit around the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00136-00030503-00030758 moon and have it measure with lasers the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00137-00030760-00030951 altitude of the surface
+qc6DC1UCV20-00138-00030952-00031102 well
+qc6DC1UCV20-00139-00031103-00031414 if you were an astronomer before the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00140-00031416-00031679 time of space exploration this is the
+qc6DC1UCV20-00141-00031680-00031862 only thing you would have had to go on
+qc6DC1UCV20-00142-00031863-00032062 would be images of the moon taken with
+qc6DC1UCV20-00143-00032063-00032287 telescopes and then your knowledge of
+qc6DC1UCV20-00144-00032288-00032535 the sun and moon's relative position so
+qc6DC1UCV20-00145-00032536-00032727 that you can figure out this altitude
+qc6DC1UCV20-00146-00032727-00032855 angle
+qc6DC1UCV20-00147-00032856-00032999 so if you wanted to know anything about
+qc6DC1UCV20-00148-00033000-00033207 which of those craters was deepest and
+qc6DC1UCV20-00149-00033208-00033390 try to make a map of the moon this is
+qc6DC1UCV20-00150-00033391-00033832 the sort of thing you'd be having to do
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00000-00000300-00000928 guys
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00001-00000930-00001187 I'm actually kills you to Mega Mansion
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00002-00001188-00001673 Tycoon
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00003-00001673-00003359 um
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00004-00003360-00006202 foreign
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00005-00006203-00006934 production
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00006-00006936-00007234 basement
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00007-00007236-00007583 another I'm educated team the deputy but
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00008-00007584-00008453 after one of them
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00009-00008454-00010205 so hello
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00010-00010206-00010577 foreign
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00011-00010578-00010883 Ty
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00012-00010884-00011377 overhead guys
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00013-00011378-00012409 update foreign
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00014-00012410-00013816 [Music]
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00015-00013818-00014477 foreign
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00016-00014478-00016646 [Music]
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00017-00016647-00016807 [Music]
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00018-00016808-00017177 Shining you can repeat
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00019-00017178-00017476 Freedom update
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00020-00017477-00018353 [Music]
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00021-00018354-00018691 on any
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00022-00018692-00019219 [Music]
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00023-00019220-00019697 game in setup room and lightly complete
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00024-00019698-00020530 a detective economy Roblox
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00027-00026760-00027161 quality
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00029-00030527-00033302 foreign
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00030-00033303-00034024 [Music]
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00031-00034025-00036883 because
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00032-00036884-00037109 we're building
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00033-00037110-00039899 foreign
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00034-00039900-00040246 foreign
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00040-00057474-00057725 guys
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00041-00057726-00058200 I'm gonna take a umbrella today
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00042-00058201-00059435 [Music]
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00043-00059436-00059830 is she
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00044-00059832-00060497 is
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00045-00060498-00061853 foreign
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00046-00061854-00063102 [Music]
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00047-00063103-00063797 [Music]
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00048-00063798-00064936 China
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00049-00064937-00065215 [Music]
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00050-00065216-00065591 all right guys
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00051-00065592-00067253 [Music]
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00052-00067254-00068957 are they gonna go to bite their cookies
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00053-00068958-00070481 [Music]
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00054-00070482-00071344 foreign
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+qdYEI_XPhyy-00061-00081677-00082079 wait guys
+qdYEI_XPhyy-00062-00082080-00082409 what
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+qed41qBAdRy-00032-00034280-00034488 you
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+qnfMNE565S0-00001-00000331-00001375 you
+qnfMNE565S0-00002-00001376-00001679 you
+qnfMNE565S0-00004-00007715-00007920 you
+rowRvugvZ6E-00000-00000064-00000279 welcome to evolution of self with me
+rowRvugvZ6E-00001-00000280-00000408 brittany
+rowRvugvZ6E-00002-00000409-00001495 [Music]
+rowRvugvZ6E-00003-00001496-00001687 hello so this week i want to speak to
+rowRvugvZ6E-00004-00001688-00001975 you about the imperfection of perfection
+rowRvugvZ6E-00005-00001976-00002191 and i think perfection is becoming a bit
+rowRvugvZ6E-00006-00002192-00002439 of a disease in the world at the moment
+rowRvugvZ6E-00007-00002440-00002647 um all you need to do is look at sort of
+rowRvugvZ6E-00008-00002648-00002910 instagram magazines
+rowRvugvZ6E-00009-00002911-00003142 before like before the internet and
+rowRvugvZ6E-00010-00003143-00003390 things like that before social media
+rowRvugvZ6E-00011-00003392-00003638 we we read magazines we had posters but
+rowRvugvZ6E-00012-00003639-00003831 it wasn't every single where we went it
+rowRvugvZ6E-00013-00003832-00003990 wasn't everywhere we looked they were
+rowRvugvZ6E-00014-00003992-00004231 normal real people in the world
+rowRvugvZ6E-00015-00004232-00004631 but nowadays this ideal this um ideal of
+rowRvugvZ6E-00016-00004632-00004838 what we think we should look like what
+rowRvugvZ6E-00017-00004839-00005079 we think how we think we should behave
+rowRvugvZ6E-00018-00005080-00005279 is everywhere all the time there's no
+rowRvugvZ6E-00019-00005280-00005535 break from it it's not just in magazines
+rowRvugvZ6E-00020-00005536-00005863 it's on your phone it's on the tv and i
+rowRvugvZ6E-00021-00005864-00005983 think it's
+rowRvugvZ6E-00022-00005984-00006295 really damaging for a number of reasons
+rowRvugvZ6E-00023-00006296-00006439 for a long time i've realized that
+rowRvugvZ6E-00024-00006440-00006670 perfection although it's good to strive
+rowRvugvZ6E-00025-00006672-00006870 for perfection in some things
+rowRvugvZ6E-00026-00006872-00007063 it comes with its limitation and i'm
+rowRvugvZ6E-00027-00007064-00007319 saying this because i do have a slight
+rowRvugvZ6E-00028-00007320-00007495 tendency for perfection in my life not
+rowRvugvZ6E-00029-00007495-00007695 that i've ever necessarily achieved it
+rowRvugvZ6E-00030-00007695-00007870 but it is something that i've sort of
+rowRvugvZ6E-00031-00007872-00008103 struggled with from time to time
+rowRvugvZ6E-00032-00008104-00008399 for starters perfection can slow
+rowRvugvZ6E-00033-00008400-00008551 creation down
+rowRvugvZ6E-00034-00008552-00008742 and when you strive for perfection it's
+rowRvugvZ6E-00035-00008743-00009071 a bit like a procrastination technique
+rowRvugvZ6E-00036-00009072-00009319 because perfection can can never really
+rowRvugvZ6E-00037-00009320-00009519 be attained
+rowRvugvZ6E-00038-00009520-00009678 not in the eyes of the person who's
+rowRvugvZ6E-00039-00009679-00009887 trying to achieve it anyway so if you're
+rowRvugvZ6E-00040-00009888-00010110 striving for perfection one if you're
+rowRvugvZ6E-00041-00010111-00010271 it's in a project or something you're
+rowRvugvZ6E-00042-00010272-00010431 working on a creative something that
+rowRvugvZ6E-00043-00010432-00010551 you're creating
+rowRvugvZ6E-00044-00010552-00010767 then it might slow you down and actually
+rowRvugvZ6E-00045-00010768-00010951 presenting it or actually accomplishing
+rowRvugvZ6E-00046-00010952-00011135 it because you're always hoping for it
+rowRvugvZ6E-00047-00011136-00011327 to be perfect when it'll never actually
+rowRvugvZ6E-00048-00011328-00011471 achieve that perfection you're trying to
+rowRvugvZ6E-00049-00011472-00011710 strive for so you limit yourself in what
+rowRvugvZ6E-00050-00011711-00011919 you actually achieve in life
+rowRvugvZ6E-00051-00011920-00012191 second of all perfection is exhausting
+rowRvugvZ6E-00052-00012192-00012270 um
+rowRvugvZ6E-00053-00012271-00012527 trying to achieve perfection is draining
+rowRvugvZ6E-00054-00012528-00012774 its soul destroying really
+rowRvugvZ6E-00055-00012775-00012943 but even if you think about a project or
+rowRvugvZ6E-00056-00012944-00013111 a creative thing if you're striving
+rowRvugvZ6E-00057-00013112-00013375 perfect for perfection it takes away the
+rowRvugvZ6E-00058-00013376-00013638 fun the joy the excitement of what it is
+rowRvugvZ6E-00059-00013640-00013799 that you're trying to create
+rowRvugvZ6E-00060-00013800-00014055 and as i started with this episode
+rowRvugvZ6E-00061-00014056-00014327 talking about perfection in oneself
+rowRvugvZ6E-00062-00014328-00014566 striving for perfection within oneself
+rowRvugvZ6E-00063-00014568-00014791 is also exhausting and draining the
+rowRvugvZ6E-00064-00014791-00015007 amount of time and energy and effort you
+rowRvugvZ6E-00065-00015008-00015294 have to go to to create this perfect you
+rowRvugvZ6E-00066-00015295-00015503 whatever that happens to be is
+rowRvugvZ6E-00067-00015504-00015758 absolutely exhausting and on top of that
+rowRvugvZ6E-00068-00015759-00015966 not only is it exhausting but it's
+rowRvugvZ6E-00069-00015968-00016294 unattainable because perfect for whom
+rowRvugvZ6E-00070-00016295-00016503 um you know perfection is in the eye of
+rowRvugvZ6E-00071-00016504-00016630 the beholder
+rowRvugvZ6E-00072-00016631-00016871 it's you know if you look at the fashion
+rowRvugvZ6E-00073-00016872-00017055 you know out in the world there are so
+rowRvugvZ6E-00074-00017056-00017303 many different styles you know which one
+rowRvugvZ6E-00075-00017304-00017543 is the perfect style if you look at the
+rowRvugvZ6E-00076-00017544-00017799 sort of supposedly sort of the best body
+rowRvugvZ6E-00077-00017800-00018047 types nowadays there's so many different
+rowRvugvZ6E-00078-00018048-00018255 types of body you know that are sort of
+rowRvugvZ6E-00079-00018256-00018471 held up to be perfect but which one do
+rowRvugvZ6E-00080-00018472-00018727 you go for which one is the perfect body
+rowRvugvZ6E-00081-00018728-00018903 type i suppose the thing that i've
+rowRvugvZ6E-00082-00018904-00019175 realized about perfection is that a i've
+rowRvugvZ6E-00083-00019176-00019343 said it's soul-destroying trying to
+rowRvugvZ6E-00084-00019344-00019455 achieve it
+rowRvugvZ6E-00085-00019456-00019727 but somehow or rather when you
+rowRvugvZ6E-00086-00019728-00019927 when you show something that is
+rowRvugvZ6E-00087-00019928-00020047 supposedly
+rowRvugvZ6E-00088-00020048-00020222 has been striven to be
+rowRvugvZ6E-00089-00020223-00020511 perfect it's almost like the soul is not
+rowRvugvZ6E-00090-00020512-00020767 in that thing anymore it lacks warmth it
+rowRvugvZ6E-00091-00020768-00021047 lacks depth it lacks and as i'm speaking
+rowRvugvZ6E-00092-00021048-00021311 about this i'm thinking of
+rowRvugvZ6E-00093-00021312-00021503 sometimes if you go to a hotel or a
+rowRvugvZ6E-00094-00021504-00021767 house where somebody has um styled it to
+rowRvugvZ6E-00095-00021768-00022014 the nth degree it lacks a warmth it
+rowRvugvZ6E-00096-00022015-00022271 lacks a welcoming kind of feel to it it
+rowRvugvZ6E-00097-00022272-00022543 becomes cold and sterile and kind of
+rowRvugvZ6E-00098-00022544-00022791 harsh and soulless
+rowRvugvZ6E-00099-00022792-00023078 the same goes for people um you know if
+rowRvugvZ6E-00100-00023079-00023271 you meet somebody who is absolutely
+rowRvugvZ6E-00101-00023272-00023575 perfect in every single facet or could
+rowRvugvZ6E-00102-00023576-00023750 be perceived to be as close to perfect
+rowRvugvZ6E-00103-00023751-00023894 as you can get
+rowRvugvZ6E-00104-00023895-00024063 there tends to be it tends to be quite
+rowRvugvZ6E-00105-00024064-00024239 hard to connect with them because the
+rowRvugvZ6E-00106-00024240-00024414 strange thing with people
+rowRvugvZ6E-00107-00024415-00024678 is that it's not the perfection in
+rowRvugvZ6E-00108-00024679-00024919 somebody that we connect to but it's the
+rowRvugvZ6E-00109-00024920-00025063 imperfection
+rowRvugvZ6E-00110-00025064-00025239 if you think about the people that
+rowRvugvZ6E-00111-00025240-00025447 you're closest to in your life and you
+rowRvugvZ6E-00112-00025448-00025687 think of why you're close to them it
+rowRvugvZ6E-00113-00025688-00025862 won't be because of the perfect times
+rowRvugvZ6E-00114-00025863-00026014 you've had with them or because they're
+rowRvugvZ6E-00115-00026016-00026223 perfect it'll because of the
+rowRvugvZ6E-00116-00026224-00026383 imperfections that you've shared
+rowRvugvZ6E-00117-00026383-00026655 together the imperfect times the things
+rowRvugvZ6E-00118-00026656-00026807 that you've struggled through the things
+rowRvugvZ6E-00119-00026808-00026951 that they've shared that they've been
+rowRvugvZ6E-00120-00026952-00027151 insecure and vulnerable about
+rowRvugvZ6E-00121-00027152-00027318 when those things are shared those
+rowRvugvZ6E-00122-00027319-00027599 imperfections so to speak those are the
+rowRvugvZ6E-00123-00027600-00027855 things that create connection between us
+rowRvugvZ6E-00124-00027856-00028095 they connect us they build trust
+rowRvugvZ6E-00125-00028095-00028383 they allow us to be authentic and
+rowRvugvZ6E-00126-00028383-00028711 real so although we are kind of
+rowRvugvZ6E-00127-00028712-00028983 influenced to be perfect in this world
+rowRvugvZ6E-00128-00028983-00029199 through all the media that we absorb on
+rowRvugvZ6E-00129-00029200-00029423 a day-to-day life
+rowRvugvZ6E-00130-00029424-00029695 it actually doesn't give us what most of
+rowRvugvZ6E-00131-00029695-00029951 us really seek which is deep connection
+rowRvugvZ6E-00132-00029952-00030255 with another human being which is beauty
+rowRvugvZ6E-00133-00030256-00030351 and
+rowRvugvZ6E-00134-00030352-00030439 um
+rowRvugvZ6E-00135-00030439-00030631 something that opens our soul and our
+rowRvugvZ6E-00136-00030632-00030751 heart
+rowRvugvZ6E-00137-00030752-00031007 those things those wonderful things that
+rowRvugvZ6E-00138-00031008-00031111 do that
+rowRvugvZ6E-00139-00031112-00031311 are not perfection they're not things
+rowRvugvZ6E-00140-00031312-00031518 that are perfect they are imperfect
+rowRvugvZ6E-00141-00031519-00031743 imperfect things spontaneous things that
+rowRvugvZ6E-00142-00031744-00031990 cannot be captured and held i'm thinking
+rowRvugvZ6E-00143-00031991-00032151 now of when you're creating something
+rowRvugvZ6E-00144-00032152-00032367 artistically there are two ways to
+rowRvugvZ6E-00145-00032368-00032518 create something well i'm sure there's
+rowRvugvZ6E-00146-00032519-00032662 many ways but i'm thinking of two ways
+rowRvugvZ6E-00147-00032663-00032862 at the moment one of them is to create
+rowRvugvZ6E-00148-00032863-00033127 something that looks absolutely perfect
+rowRvugvZ6E-00149-00033128-00033415 the other way is to allow the creativity
+rowRvugvZ6E-00150-00033416-00033687 the inspiration to come through into
+rowRvugvZ6E-00151-00033688-00033846 what you're creating
+rowRvugvZ6E-00152-00033847-00034023 i remember when i was doing my design
+rowRvugvZ6E-00153-00034024-00034190 project way way back when i was doing my
+rowRvugvZ6E-00154-00034191-00034518 a levels i started by doing my sort of
+rowRvugvZ6E-00155-00034519-00034727 ideas drawing them
+rowRvugvZ6E-00156-00034728-00035015 very neatly and very tidily and my
+rowRvugvZ6E-00157-00035016-00035183 design teacher was trying to encourage
+rowRvugvZ6E-00158-00035184-00035431 me to sort of allow the creativity to
+rowRvugvZ6E-00159-00035432-00035630 flow eventually i got what he was
+rowRvugvZ6E-00160-00035631-00035879 talking about and my sketches became a
+rowRvugvZ6E-00161-00035880-00036135 lot less refined they became much more
+rowRvugvZ6E-00162-00036136-00036415 messy but with that messiness
+rowRvugvZ6E-00163-00036416-00036590 came something sort of like they became
+rowRvugvZ6E-00164-00036591-00036695 alive
+rowRvugvZ6E-00165-00036696-00036871 and i could see the difference between
+rowRvugvZ6E-00166-00036872-00037079 something that i'd striven to make
+rowRvugvZ6E-00167-00037080-00037407 perfect which was flat and dead and dull
+rowRvugvZ6E-00168-00037408-00037695 and something that allowed the creative
+rowRvugvZ6E-00169-00037696-00037855 energy of whatever it was that i was
+rowRvugvZ6E-00170-00037856-00038055 thinking to come through and it looked a
+rowRvugvZ6E-00171-00038056-00038215 bit messy and it certainly didn't look
+rowRvugvZ6E-00172-00038216-00038423 perfect but there was something alive
+rowRvugvZ6E-00173-00038424-00038630 about it and when i think of things that
+rowRvugvZ6E-00174-00038631-00038927 i i term as perfect it's the most
+rowRvugvZ6E-00175-00038928-00039230 beautiful sunset or sunrises i remember
+rowRvugvZ6E-00176-00039231-00039399 not too long ago i had what i could
+rowRvugvZ6E-00177-00039400-00039671 termed as a perfect day and there wasn't
+rowRvugvZ6E-00178-00039672-00039887 anything particularly perfect about it
+rowRvugvZ6E-00179-00039888-00040151 and i could never recreate that day um
+rowRvugvZ6E-00180-00040152-00040439 it was just the people i was with the
+rowRvugvZ6E-00181-00040440-00040679 time of year the weather the fact that i
+rowRvugvZ6E-00182-00040680-00040815 didn't have anything stressful or
+rowRvugvZ6E-00183-00040816-00041023 worrying the fact that we had time just
+rowRvugvZ6E-00184-00041024-00041239 to sit and lie under a tree and we were
+rowRvugvZ6E-00185-00041240-00041462 just going with the flow it wasn't
+rowRvugvZ6E-00186-00041463-00041662 something premeditated i couldn't have
+rowRvugvZ6E-00187-00041663-00041927 made it perfect i just had to allow
+rowRvugvZ6E-00188-00041928-00042174 myself to be in the moment with the
+rowRvugvZ6E-00189-00042175-00042399 perfection of what was being created
+rowRvugvZ6E-00190-00042400-00042527 then and there
+rowRvugvZ6E-00191-00042528-00042695 and i suppose that's what i'm trying to
+rowRvugvZ6E-00192-00042696-00042990 say is when perfection when creation
+rowRvugvZ6E-00193-00042991-00043246 comes from control and the need to make
+rowRvugvZ6E-00194-00043247-00043583 it perfect it loses its soul but when we
+rowRvugvZ6E-00195-00043584-00043758 allow ourselves to be present and in the
+rowRvugvZ6E-00196-00043759-00044062 moment and we allow ourselves to be at
+rowRvugvZ6E-00197-00044063-00044318 peace with all the imperfections then
+rowRvugvZ6E-00198-00044319-00044518 perfection can come about it's not
+rowRvugvZ6E-00199-00044519-00044783 something that we can make happen it's
+rowRvugvZ6E-00200-00044784-00044999 something we allow to happen through us
+rowRvugvZ6E-00201-00045000-00045183 and i'm going to round off by saying
+rowRvugvZ6E-00202-00045184-00045462 that some of the people that i think
+rowRvugvZ6E-00203-00045463-00045758 i suppose i'm most inspired by are
+rowRvugvZ6E-00204-00045759-00045999 people where the light seems to shine
+rowRvugvZ6E-00205-00046000-00046262 from the inside out they're not perfect
+rowRvugvZ6E-00206-00046263-00046495 by the standards that you'd see on a
+rowRvugvZ6E-00207-00046496-00046839 instagram sort of feed or in a magazine
+rowRvugvZ6E-00208-00046840-00047062 or on some of the famous movies that are
+rowRvugvZ6E-00209-00047063-00047151 out
+rowRvugvZ6E-00210-00047152-00047374 but to me
+rowRvugvZ6E-00211-00047375-00047583 there is something so much more it's
+rowRvugvZ6E-00212-00047584-00047790 like when they're in a room and when you
+rowRvugvZ6E-00213-00047791-00047943 even if you watch them on youtube or
+rowRvugvZ6E-00214-00047944-00048102 something like that
+rowRvugvZ6E-00215-00048103-00048415 the the beauty within them is so radiant
+rowRvugvZ6E-00216-00048416-00048615 that it touches you and moves you on a
+rowRvugvZ6E-00217-00048616-00048790 very very deep level
+rowRvugvZ6E-00218-00048791-00049062 and to me that kind of perfection that
+rowRvugvZ6E-00219-00049063-00049383 being absolutely present is
+rowRvugvZ6E-00220-00049384-00049615 infinitely more special than the
+rowRvugvZ6E-00221-00049616-00049799 perfection that we try to create through
+rowRvugvZ6E-00222-00049800-00049902 control
+rowRvugvZ6E-00223-00049903-00050215 it's been a bit of a ramble
+rowRvugvZ6E-00224-00050216-00050399 but i hope that you'll get gleaned
+rowRvugvZ6E-00225-00050400-00050599 something from what i've been saying and
+rowRvugvZ6E-00226-00050600-00050727 always remember that if you need to
+rowRvugvZ6E-00227-00050728-00050862 connect with me or you want to have a
+rowRvugvZ6E-00228-00050863-00051023 look at my online courses they'll be
+rowRvugvZ6E-00229-00051024-00051254 down in the show notes below so much
+rowRvugvZ6E-00230-00051255-00051438 love from me to you and have a fabulous
+rowRvugvZ6E-00231-00051439-00051727 week bye
+r2gySiPr_DI-00000-00000270-00000634 so um I would like to welcome everybody
+r2gySiPr_DI-00001-00000635-00000862 I'm really delighted to see so many
+r2gySiPr_DI-00002-00000863-00001031 people here
+r2gySiPr_DI-00003-00001032-00001319 um so I'm delighted to announce the NCM
+r2gySiPr_DI-00004-00001320-00001607 annual lecture for this year
+r2gySiPr_DI-00005-00001607-00001841 um it's a very prestigious event we've
+r2gySiPr_DI-00006-00001842-00002051 had it in the past before covet but
+r2gySiPr_DI-00007-00002052-00002207 obviously covet happened and we were not
+r2gySiPr_DI-00008-00002208-00002387 able to do sort of face-to-face events
+r2gySiPr_DI-00009-00002388-00002668 and last year we've started to do some
+r2gySiPr_DI-00010-00002669-00002837 of these face-to-face activities again
+r2gySiPr_DI-00011-00002838-00003113 and so we have been able to run this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00012-00003114-00003347 sort of annual uh lecture this year
+r2gySiPr_DI-00013-00003347-00003556 again and we are planning another one
+r2gySiPr_DI-00014-00003557-00003767 next year as well
+r2gySiPr_DI-00015-00003768-00003922 and I'm really pleased to see so many
+r2gySiPr_DI-00016-00003923-00004054 people here
+r2gySiPr_DI-00017-00004055-00004241 um both physically here in the room at
+r2gySiPr_DI-00018-00004242-00004451 the Royal Society it's a fantastic venue
+r2gySiPr_DI-00019-00004452-00004654 that we've been able to uh to get and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00020-00004655-00004913 obviously um to everyone that is online
+r2gySiPr_DI-00021-00004914-00005213 at home as well or in other locations
+r2gySiPr_DI-00022-00005214-00005477 and I'm delighted to welcome today's key
+r2gySiPr_DI-00023-00005478-00005806 speaker Liz Professor Elizabeth stoko
+r2gySiPr_DI-00024-00005807-00006256 from the lse here in in London and she
+r2gySiPr_DI-00025-00006257-00006418 has researched for many years
+r2gySiPr_DI-00026-00006419-00006623 conversation analysis and we will hear
+r2gySiPr_DI-00027-00006623-00006983 very shortly her talk about sort of this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00028-00006984-00007145 sort of very exciting research method
+r2gySiPr_DI-00029-00007145-00007396 area and I'm really um yeah delighted to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00030-00007397-00007564 hear sort of new developers and in this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00031-00007565-00007691 field obviously communication is
+r2gySiPr_DI-00032-00007692-00007895 extremely important and also I would
+r2gySiPr_DI-00033-00007895-00008183 like to introduce John Sutton the editor
+r2gySiPr_DI-00034-00008184-00008387 of the psychologist who will be today's
+r2gySiPr_DI-00035-00008388-00008645 discussent so I'm really pleased that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00036-00008646-00008891 this has worked out
+r2gySiPr_DI-00037-00008892-00008981 um
+r2gySiPr_DI-00038-00008982-00009377 and okay so that was basically my my
+r2gySiPr_DI-00039-00009378-00009653 welcome I just want to uh take
+r2gySiPr_DI-00040-00009654-00009845 um the opportunity to very briefly say a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00041-00009846-00010031 few words about NCM
+r2gySiPr_DI-00042-00010032-00010199 um what are we doing you know quite a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00043-00010200-00010396 few of them of you will be familiar with
+r2gySiPr_DI-00044-00010397-00010685 with NCM activities but maybe for some
+r2gySiPr_DI-00045-00010686-00010924 uh it's less prominent
+r2gySiPr_DI-00046-00010925-00011153 um so basically we are providing a high
+r2gySiPr_DI-00047-00011154-00011399 quality training in cutting-edge
+r2gySiPr_DI-00048-00011400-00011555 research methods obviously we have some
+r2gySiPr_DI-00049-00011556-00011771 core intermediate research methods
+r2gySiPr_DI-00050-00011772-00011921 training as well but the focus is sort
+r2gySiPr_DI-00051-00011922-00012137 of advanced cutting-edge research
+r2gySiPr_DI-00052-00012138-00012413 methods and we really have a wide range
+r2gySiPr_DI-00053-00012414-00012623 of work streams ranging from really the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00054-00012624-00012815 exploration Horizon scanning activities
+r2gySiPr_DI-00055-00012816-00013001 to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00056-00013002-00013205 um informing a comprehensive training
+r2gySiPr_DI-00057-00013206-00013366 program and eventually obviously
+r2gySiPr_DI-00058-00013368-00013643 creating uh impact obviously that leads
+r2gySiPr_DI-00059-00013644-00013865 us to to having to evidence impact as
+r2gySiPr_DI-00060-00013866-00014051 well and that's a very difficult task
+r2gySiPr_DI-00061-00014052-00014308 from from training activities
+r2gySiPr_DI-00062-00014309-00014501 um we have a basically we are a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00063-00014502-00014716 Consortium of Three core universities
+r2gySiPr_DI-00064-00014718-00015047 that is the University of Southampton uh
+r2gySiPr_DI-00065-00015047-00015269 Manchester and also Edinburgh and we
+r2gySiPr_DI-00066-00015269-00015551 have ovia joined by nine Center Partners
+r2gySiPr_DI-00067-00015552-00015730 across the UK and there are different
+r2gySiPr_DI-00068-00015731-00015905 expertise different
+r2gySiPr_DI-00069-00015906-00016121 um Regional areas that are being covered
+r2gySiPr_DI-00070-00016122-00016205 here
+r2gySiPr_DI-00071-00016206-00016427 um both from the academic sector but
+r2gySiPr_DI-00072-00016428-00016661 also from from not non-academic sectors
+r2gySiPr_DI-00073-00016662-00016872 as well and basically NCM is a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00074-00016873-00017080 distributed model it's based on a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00075-00017081-00017285 partnership so a lot of these activities
+r2gySiPr_DI-00076-00017286-00017435 that we're doing are based on engagement
+r2gySiPr_DI-00077-00017436-00017633 are based on collaboration are based on
+r2gySiPr_DI-00078-00017634-00017836 activities together with external
+r2gySiPr_DI-00079-00017837-00018011 stakeholders
+r2gySiPr_DI-00080-00018012-00018197 and just to mention the first phase of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00081-00018198-00018527 NCM actually started in 2004 a very long
+r2gySiPr_DI-00082-00018528-00018749 time ago and we've had various different
+r2gySiPr_DI-00083-00018750-00019019 phases of funding and lots of changing
+r2gySiPr_DI-00084-00019020-00019199 changes throughout we're actually in in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00085-00019200-00019457 the in the fourth phase of funding and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00086-00019458-00019643 throughout the remit and and the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00087-00019644-00019871 organization of NCM has changed quite
+r2gySiPr_DI-00088-00019872-00020086 significantly and in fact next year we
+r2gySiPr_DI-00089-00020087-00020369 have the 20-year celebration or
+r2gySiPr_DI-00090-00020370-00020650 anniversary so to speak um so we will be
+r2gySiPr_DI-00091-00020651-00020879 organizing a lot of activities next year
+r2gySiPr_DI-00092-00020880-00021094 as part of that so watch the space
+r2gySiPr_DI-00093-00021095-00021293 effectively and if you have any ideas or
+r2gySiPr_DI-00094-00021294-00021430 want to contribute to that obviously we
+r2gySiPr_DI-00095-00021431-00021622 are always very welcome to hear about
+r2gySiPr_DI-00096-00021623-00021785 that I've just put the the link to our
+r2gySiPr_DI-00097-00021786-00021989 website here just feel free to explore
+r2gySiPr_DI-00098-00021990-00022283 the activities that we have on there so
+r2gySiPr_DI-00099-00022284-00022589 I just want to emphasize why what is it
+r2gySiPr_DI-00100-00022590-00022727 that we are doing and why are we doing
+r2gySiPr_DI-00101-00022728-00022877 it I just want to really emphasize the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00102-00022878-00023039 sort of importance of research methods
+r2gySiPr_DI-00103-00023040-00023177 training
+r2gySiPr_DI-00104-00023178-00023321 um it really is about the application
+r2gySiPr_DI-00105-00023322-00023507 use of high quality and appropriate
+r2gySiPr_DI-00106-00023508-00023699 research methods that's really essential
+r2gySiPr_DI-00107-00023700-00023914 in basically all ways of research and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00108-00023915-00024094 life and it's really important to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00109-00024095-00024263 improve evidence-based policy decision
+r2gySiPr_DI-00110-00024264-00024485 making it's really underlying a lot of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00111-00024486-00024641 activity activities I'm really
+r2gySiPr_DI-00112-00024642-00024863 passionate about that I teach students
+r2gySiPr_DI-00113-00024864-00025114 about this using appropriate methods and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00114-00025115-00025271 and coming to the right sort of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00115-00025272-00025469 conclusion and and being critical about
+r2gySiPr_DI-00116-00025470-00025661 the methods you're using and how to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00117-00025662-00025864 interpret that and so on yeah so the aim
+r2gySiPr_DI-00118-00025866-00026050 is really to train researchers to a high
+r2gySiPr_DI-00119-00026051-00026261 standard using appropriate often
+r2gySiPr_DI-00120-00026262-00026423 Innovative methods doesn't have to be
+r2gySiPr_DI-00121-00026424-00026735 always Innovative but NCM is about
+r2gySiPr_DI-00122-00026736-00026981 innovation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00123-00026982-00027190 in some areas a core device range of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00124-00027191-00027364 backgrounds or research methods areas
+r2gySiPr_DI-00125-00027366-00027574 not just Quant and qual but digital
+r2gySiPr_DI-00126-00027575-00027881 mixed methods visual methods a whole
+r2gySiPr_DI-00127-00027882-00028139 range of activities across all career
+r2gySiPr_DI-00128-00028139-00028324 stages so we're not just focusing on
+r2gySiPr_DI-00129-00028325-00028564 junior or PhD student Junior career
+r2gySiPr_DI-00130-00028566-00028823 researchers but actually across uh the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00131-00028824-00028973 the stages so we have for example
+r2gySiPr_DI-00132-00028974-00029177 Innovation for that are more designed
+r2gySiPr_DI-00133-00029177-00029405 for maybe more more senior members of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00134-00029406-00029620 Staff across sectors it's not just
+r2gySiPr_DI-00135-00029622-00029899 academics it's across a whole range of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00136-00029900-00030185 areas businesses Industries and so on
+r2gySiPr_DI-00137-00030186-00030508 across all disciplines and also not just
+r2gySiPr_DI-00138-00030510-00030670 within the social sciences but actually
+r2gySiPr_DI-00139-00030672-00030868 going Beyond as well and obviously if
+r2gySiPr_DI-00140-00030869-00030995 you have to bear in mind it's a fast
+r2gySiPr_DI-00141-00030995-00031164 changing environment and we have to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00142-00031166-00031499 adapt to some of these developments and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00143-00031500-00031679 the key thing is sort of effectively to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00144-00031680-00031846 serve the research community and the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00145-00031847-00032039 common good and that's sort of the main
+r2gySiPr_DI-00146-00032039-00032224 driver that I really quite like to to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00147-00032225-00032435 emphasize and I'm I'm proud to say
+r2gySiPr_DI-00148-00032436-00032614 there's also very experience committed
+r2gySiPr_DI-00149-00032616-00032837 passionate NCM team behind all of this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00150-00032838-00033083 also what like to take the opportunity
+r2gySiPr_DI-00151-00033084-00033346 to really thank the team here today that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00152-00033347-00033617 has made that happening has made us
+r2gySiPr_DI-00153-00033618-00033827 happen today and also we've had The
+r2gySiPr_DI-00154-00033828-00033946 Advisory board meeting this afternoon
+r2gySiPr_DI-00155-00033947-00034109 there are lots of things that you know
+r2gySiPr_DI-00156-00034110-00034205 have to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00157-00034206-00034415 um happen and be organized so I'm really
+r2gySiPr_DI-00158-00034416-00034823 pleased to have that support there
+r2gySiPr_DI-00159-00034824-00035021 just to sort of emphasize obviously it's
+r2gySiPr_DI-00160-00035022-00035255 a changing landscape there are many
+r2gySiPr_DI-00161-00035256-00035411 changes I mean there are lots of yeah
+r2gySiPr_DI-00162-00035412-00035621 living in the time of uncertainty not
+r2gySiPr_DI-00163-00035622-00035771 just because of the pandemic lots of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00164-00035772-00036005 other activities or things that are
+r2gySiPr_DI-00165-00036006-00036155 happening as well they're clearly
+r2gySiPr_DI-00166-00036156-00036329 technological changes that are happening
+r2gySiPr_DI-00167-00036330-00036611 at a you know very fast pace they are
+r2gySiPr_DI-00168-00036612-00036881 Society societal changes changing in the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00169-00036882-00037217 data landscape we hear a lot about the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00170-00037218-00037499 digital Footprints or big data and and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00171-00037500-00037667 so on and obviously all of these
+r2gySiPr_DI-00172-00037668-00037846 activities new tools research methods
+r2gySiPr_DI-00173-00037847-00038027 are constantly being developed or or
+r2gySiPr_DI-00174-00038028-00038237 maybe they exist already but bmbb are
+r2gySiPr_DI-00175-00038238-00038446 not always aware of them so being aware
+r2gySiPr_DI-00176-00038447-00038627 of them and being able to to use them in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00177-00038628-00038759 appropriate manners is extremely
+r2gySiPr_DI-00178-00038760-00038962 important obviously also the funding
+r2gySiPr_DI-00179-00038963-00039257 landscape is is changing continuously so
+r2gySiPr_DI-00180-00039258-00039473 all of these things really need or
+r2gySiPr_DI-00181-00039474-00039665 really emphasize that there is a need
+r2gySiPr_DI-00182-00039666-00039887 for social science scientists to be
+r2gySiPr_DI-00183-00039888-00040061 basically equipped for these sort of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00184-00040062-00040343 changes and and Times of uncertainty to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00185-00040344-00040559 lead basically across science to lead
+r2gySiPr_DI-00186-00040560-00040739 the sort of cross-science agenda it's
+r2gySiPr_DI-00187-00040740-00040889 really important for people to work
+r2gySiPr_DI-00188-00040890-00041087 collaboratively across disciplines
+r2gySiPr_DI-00189-00041088-00041435 across sectors one or two people cannot
+r2gySiPr_DI-00190-00041436-00041723 achieve or cannot address the sort of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00191-00041724-00041939 challenges we are facing and different
+r2gySiPr_DI-00192-00041940-00042112 disciplines and and people with very
+r2gySiPr_DI-00193-00042113-00042239 different skills have to work together
+r2gySiPr_DI-00194-00042240-00042551 yeah and that goes beyond the academic
+r2gySiPr_DI-00195-00042552-00042809 sector and obviously crosses across
+r2gySiPr_DI-00196-00042810-00043085 government business industry and so on
+r2gySiPr_DI-00197-00043086-00043307 so it's really important to train social
+r2gySiPr_DI-00198-00043308-00043552 scientists to a high standard using
+r2gySiPr_DI-00199-00043553-00043745 appropriate methods of innovative
+r2gySiPr_DI-00200-00043746-00044021 methods and also to have and to offer
+r2gySiPr_DI-00201-00044022-00044230 flexible delivery formats yeah so that's
+r2gySiPr_DI-00202-00044231-00044417 really of increasing important not just
+r2gySiPr_DI-00203-00044418-00044627 because of the pandemic we can see that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00204-00044628-00044758 you know for example today we have a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00205-00044759-00044915 hybrid event
+r2gySiPr_DI-00206-00044916-00045095 um you know these types of things are
+r2gySiPr_DI-00207-00045096-00045365 now now happening of course just very
+r2gySiPr_DI-00208-00045366-00045652 briefly to mention a number of sort of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00209-00045653-00046030 highlights of NCM successes we have a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00210-00046031-00046223 very wide range of training and capacity
+r2gySiPr_DI-00211-00046224-00046385 building activities so it's not just
+r2gySiPr_DI-00212-00046386-00046612 about courses or running a few events
+r2gySiPr_DI-00213-00046613-00046955 but we are having a whole range of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00214-00046956-00047189 training formats that we are advocating
+r2gySiPr_DI-00215-00047190-00047368 and it's really sort of thinking about
+r2gySiPr_DI-00216-00047369-00047501 the sort of fluid transition between
+r2gySiPr_DI-00217-00047502-00047771 research and training effectively yeah
+r2gySiPr_DI-00218-00047772-00047908 um so we are trying to be you know
+r2gySiPr_DI-00219-00047909-00048155 creative Innovative Advanced and also
+r2gySiPr_DI-00220-00048156-00048412 ambitious in terms of our delivery so we
+r2gySiPr_DI-00221-00048413-00048629 had more than three and a half thousand
+r2gySiPr_DI-00222-00048630-00048839 course participants over the last three
+r2gySiPr_DI-00223-00048840-00049079 years and more than 4 000 event
+r2gySiPr_DI-00224-00049080-00049295 participants and more than a million
+r2gySiPr_DI-00225-00049296-00049517 website users and we have a number of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00226-00049518-00049667 online learning resources on there that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00227-00049668-00049871 are really having a very high uptake
+r2gySiPr_DI-00228-00049872-00050105 it's across all yes I see disciplines
+r2gySiPr_DI-00229-00050106-00050429 across the career live course and so on
+r2gySiPr_DI-00230-00050430-00050596 um and we have for example started to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00231-00050597-00050771 put together sort of impact case studies
+r2gySiPr_DI-00232-00050772-00050951 and last year we collected about 14
+r2gySiPr_DI-00233-00050952-00051130 impact case studies which this year and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00234-00051131-00051370 next year we will continue to update and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00235-00051371-00051532 and add to so we obviously always
+r2gySiPr_DI-00236-00051533-00051773 extremely Keen to hear from you if we
+r2gySiPr_DI-00237-00051774-00051923 had experience with NCM maybe you've
+r2gySiPr_DI-00238-00051924-00052102 attended a course or an event what has
+r2gySiPr_DI-00239-00052103-00052288 come out of it how have you used these
+r2gySiPr_DI-00240-00052289-00052492 methods have you maybe changed policy in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00241-00052494-00052649 government or something like that please
+r2gySiPr_DI-00242-00052650-00052888 please email us we are really interested
+r2gySiPr_DI-00243-00052889-00053099 in hearing the sort of impacts and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00244-00053100-00053309 changes we have been able to to put into
+r2gySiPr_DI-00245-00053310-00053519 place and also if you're having you know
+r2gySiPr_DI-00246-00053520-00053675 really positive feedback from course
+r2gySiPr_DI-00247-00053676-00053885 participants from people that are using
+r2gySiPr_DI-00248-00053886-00054076 our online learning resources so they
+r2gySiPr_DI-00249-00054077-00054226 are collecting obviously all of this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00250-00054227-00054388 type of data they are the number of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00251-00054389-00054580 quotes there
+r2gySiPr_DI-00252-00054582-00054826 um where people really sort of feedback
+r2gySiPr_DI-00253-00054827-00054994 um yeah that the structure of a course
+r2gySiPr_DI-00254-00054995-00055169 or the delivery of a course was was of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00255-00055170-00055337 high quality
+r2gySiPr_DI-00256-00055338-00055457 um yeah they're just sort of some
+r2gySiPr_DI-00257-00055458-00055697 numbers here that may be of interest and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00258-00055698-00055823 we had about
+r2gySiPr_DI-00259-00055824-00055991 um last year or the over the last three
+r2gySiPr_DI-00260-00055991-00056225 years about uh 20 of our participants
+r2gySiPr_DI-00261-00056226-00056380 were from actually outside the social
+r2gySiPr_DI-00262-00056382-00056566 sciences for example from health and so
+r2gySiPr_DI-00263-00056567-00056819 on so we are reaching out to to other
+r2gySiPr_DI-00264-00056820-00056992 disciplines as well
+r2gySiPr_DI-00265-00056994-00057173 just wanted to emphasize obviously we
+r2gySiPr_DI-00266-00057174-00057371 have the the portal the website which
+r2gySiPr_DI-00267-00057372-00057647 provides us a rich online database and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00268-00057648-00057719 there are various different
+r2gySiPr_DI-00269-00057720-00057887 infrastructures and services that people
+r2gySiPr_DI-00270-00057888-00058126 can use for example if they want to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00271-00058127-00058325 themselves on training events or want to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00272-00058326-00058516 find out about training events all of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00273-00058517-00058780 this is on our website
+r2gySiPr_DI-00274-00058782-00058859 um
+r2gySiPr_DI-00275-00058860-00059123 and we as I said we have a comprehensive
+r2gySiPr_DI-00276-00059124-00059350 um training program so you can explore
+r2gySiPr_DI-00277-00059351-00059519 what there is an offer we have a wide
+r2gySiPr_DI-00278-00059520-00059687 range of activities like spring and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00279-00059688-00059938 Autumn schools also large scale events
+r2gySiPr_DI-00280-00059939-00060130 for example methodscon we've run or
+r2gySiPr_DI-00281-00060132-00060304 innovation for uh
+r2gySiPr_DI-00282-00060305-00060413 um there are various collaborative
+r2gySiPr_DI-00283-00060414-00060761 events or events coming out from our key
+r2gySiPr_DI-00284-00060762-00060941 pedagogy work stream like training the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00285-00060941-00061229 trainers for example and I want to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00286-00061229-00061421 emphasize the research methods Festival
+r2gySiPr_DI-00287-00061422-00061649 that is coming up on the 7th to the 9th
+r2gySiPr_DI-00288-00061650-00061804 of November this year so you can have a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00289-00061805-00062026 look on our website and there are lots
+r2gySiPr_DI-00290-00062027-00062176 of activities there last time we had
+r2gySiPr_DI-00291-00062177-00062363 more than a thousand participants on
+r2gySiPr_DI-00292-00062364-00062579 there and we've created a number of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00293-00062579-00062716 networks where people come together
+r2gySiPr_DI-00294-00062717-00062992 discuss meet regularly or community of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00295-00062994-00063173 practice or methodological special
+r2gySiPr_DI-00296-00063174-00063316 interest groups that are focusing on
+r2gySiPr_DI-00297-00063317-00063449 particular aspects like for example
+r2gySiPr_DI-00298-00063450-00063754 pedagogy or video interviewing or Dr 10
+r2gySiPr_DI-00299-00063755-00063916 which is a data resources training
+r2gySiPr_DI-00300-00063917-00064126 Network or server data collection method
+r2gySiPr_DI-00301-00064127-00064330 so the whole range range of activities
+r2gySiPr_DI-00302-00064332-00064511 or if you want to you know create a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00303-00064512-00064721 network yourself and and want to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00304-00064722-00064937 generate some activities then we're
+r2gySiPr_DI-00305-00064938-00065206 always open to try and facilitate that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00306-00065207-00065441 and help people to do that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00307-00065441-00065861 okay so um now I would like to introduce
+r2gySiPr_DI-00308-00065862-00066173 our key speaker so I'm really pleased at
+r2gySiPr_DI-00309-00066174-00066394 least um so Professor Elizabeth stoko
+r2gySiPr_DI-00310-00066395-00066731 from the pro from the lse has been able
+r2gySiPr_DI-00311-00066732-00066809 to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00312-00066810-00067121 um yeah tonight uh give our annual
+r2gySiPr_DI-00313-00067122-00067217 lecture
+r2gySiPr_DI-00314-00067218-00067469 um she has been at lse since January and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00315-00067470-00067685 previously she was for I believe 20
+r2gySiPr_DI-00316-00067686-00067853 years or so at Loughborough University
+r2gySiPr_DI-00317-00067854-00068179 and had many senior roles there already
+r2gySiPr_DI-00318-00068180-00068471 she has been researching for many years
+r2gySiPr_DI-00319-00068472-00068753 conversation analysis and basically it
+r2gySiPr_DI-00320-00068754-00068975 sort of focuses on a understanding of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00321-00068976-00069263 how social interaction works so I'm
+r2gySiPr_DI-00322-00069264-00069509 really Keen Keen to hear about that it's
+r2gySiPr_DI-00323-00069510-00069647 sort of from First Dates to medical
+r2gySiPr_DI-00324-00069648-00069832 communication and from sales encounters
+r2gySiPr_DI-00325-00069833-00070109 to crisis negotiation for example
+r2gySiPr_DI-00326-00070110-00070421 um she's in fact our one of our members
+r2gySiPr_DI-00327-00070422-00070649 on the NCM Advisory board but that's not
+r2gySiPr_DI-00328-00070650-00070775 actually the reason why you're here
+r2gySiPr_DI-00329-00070776-00070991 because Ali Hanbury
+r2gySiPr_DI-00330-00070992-00071206 um our senior engagement manager was
+r2gySiPr_DI-00331-00071207-00071417 listening I believe to BBC
+r2gySiPr_DI-00332-00071418-00071681 um Radio 4 of the life scientific and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00333-00071682-00071917 and thought you were really an engaging
+r2gySiPr_DI-00334-00071918-00072215 fantastic speaker and that's how this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00335-00072216-00072353 came about and we thought okay this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00336-00072354-00072485 would be would be really nice
+r2gySiPr_DI-00337-00072486-00072659 opportunity
+r2gySiPr_DI-00338-00072660-00072719 um
+r2gySiPr_DI-00339-00072720-00073109 so your work is having a huge impact and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00340-00073110-00073259 for example your your crisis
+r2gySiPr_DI-00341-00073260-00073415 negotiations and that's also something
+r2gySiPr_DI-00342-00073416-00073613 that that early our senior engagement um
+r2gySiPr_DI-00343-00073614-00073925 manager is particularly interested in um
+r2gySiPr_DI-00344-00073926-00074093 is yeah of particular relevance and of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00345-00074094-00074381 Interest you've um published a book I
+r2gySiPr_DI-00346-00074382-00074585 believe last year on crisis talk and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00347-00074586-00074825 you've had 150 research outputs in fact
+r2gySiPr_DI-00348-00074826-00075094 and yeah books authors and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00349-00075095-00075281 um publications of course
+r2gySiPr_DI-00350-00075282-00075509 and you've had various
+r2gySiPr_DI-00351-00075510-00075713 um work or you've worked extensively
+r2gySiPr_DI-00352-00075714-00075881 with external Partners as well so that's
+r2gySiPr_DI-00353-00075882-00076144 obviously relevant to NCM with the sort
+r2gySiPr_DI-00354-00076145-00076367 of public third and private sectors and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00355-00076368-00076619 you've given many talks for example on
+r2gySiPr_DI-00356-00076620-00076817 Google Microsoft Ted and so on so it's
+r2gySiPr_DI-00357-00076818-00077015 it's really nice to see the sort of yeah
+r2gySiPr_DI-00358-00077016-00077279 link between Academia and obviously the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00359-00077280-00077567 the sort of Applied World
+r2gySiPr_DI-00360-00077568-00077729 um there are many things I could mention
+r2gySiPr_DI-00361-00077730-00077975 I just wanted to also emphasize
+r2gySiPr_DI-00362-00077976-00078221 obviously during the covid-19 pandemic
+r2gySiPr_DI-00363-00078222-00078382 you've been able I'm very impressed by
+r2gySiPr_DI-00364-00078383-00078467 that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00365-00078468-00078706 um to work on the government scientific
+r2gySiPr_DI-00366-00078707-00078929 Advisory Group or contribute to that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00367-00078930-00079223 sage and you've been
+r2gySiPr_DI-00368-00079224-00079475 um you've been having a number of owners
+r2gySiPr_DI-00369-00079476-00079625 for example the wired Innovation fellow
+r2gySiPr_DI-00370-00079626-00079793 or you've been avoided the honorary
+r2gySiPr_DI-00371-00079794-00079985 Fellowship of the British psychological
+r2gySiPr_DI-00372-00079986-00080117 Society
+r2gySiPr_DI-00373-00080118-00080362 I think I um there are probably lots of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00374-00080363-00080597 other things um I could mention
+r2gySiPr_DI-00375-00080598-00080855 um but in today's talk you will be
+r2gySiPr_DI-00376-00080856-00080993 talking about sort of conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00377-00080994-00081179 analysis as a research method so
+r2gySiPr_DI-00378-00081180-00081425 obviously that uh links extremely well
+r2gySiPr_DI-00379-00081426-00081725 to the topic of ncrm what is it what is
+r2gySiPr_DI-00380-00081726-00081862 it not
+r2gySiPr_DI-00381-00081863-00082097 um what can conversational analytics
+r2gySiPr_DI-00382-00082098-00082355 actually do what can it not do and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00383-00082356-00082505 whether it's a quality for quantitative
+r2gySiPr_DI-00384-00082506-00082631 approach
+r2gySiPr_DI-00385-00082632-00082876 um again we have many discussions ncim
+r2gySiPr_DI-00386-00082877-00082969 about
+r2gySiPr_DI-00387-00082970-00083261 different types of research area
+r2gySiPr_DI-00388-00083262-00083488 activities and how it raises also really
+r2gySiPr_DI-00389-00083489-00083699 interesting questions of how we find out
+r2gySiPr_DI-00390-00083700-00083903 about the social World conversations
+r2gySiPr_DI-00391-00083904-00084293 that happen around us and so on so
+r2gySiPr_DI-00392-00084294-00084526 um maybe on this node I should hand over
+r2gySiPr_DI-00393-00084527-00084737 to Liz
+r2gySiPr_DI-00394-00084738-00085097 um and maybe I'll just go through the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00395-00085098-00085235 slides
+r2gySiPr_DI-00396-00085236-00085475 okay so on this note I'll hand over to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00397-00085476-00086609 this so thank you very much yeah
+r2gySiPr_DI-00398-00086610-00086819 thanks very much Gabby and good evening
+r2gySiPr_DI-00399-00086820-00086993 to everybody here in the room at the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00400-00086994-00087155 Royal Society and hello to everybody
+r2gySiPr_DI-00401-00087156-00087412 online as well
+r2gySiPr_DI-00402-00087413-00087653 before we get going properly I thought I
+r2gySiPr_DI-00403-00087654-00087779 would start with something that should
+r2gySiPr_DI-00404-00087780-00088050 unite any academic in the room
+r2gySiPr_DI-00405-00088051-00088331 regardless of your discipline whatever
+r2gySiPr_DI-00406-00088332-00088535 research method you use whether you're a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00407-00088536-00088685 qualitative researcher a quantitative
+r2gySiPr_DI-00408-00088686-00088937 researcher and that is the ever-present
+r2gySiPr_DI-00409-00088938-00089153 problem of reviewer too
+r2gySiPr_DI-00410-00089154-00089441 so this title a method in search of a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00411-00089442-00089621 problem
+r2gySiPr_DI-00412-00089622-00089975 was inspired by a reviewer not of a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00413-00089976-00090209 grant uh sorry of a grant rather than a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00414-00090210-00090412 paper who asked me this question with
+r2gySiPr_DI-00415-00090413-00090593 the intonation that you can probably
+r2gySiPr_DI-00416-00090594-00090803 imagine
+r2gySiPr_DI-00417-00090804-00091049 this is just a method in search of a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00418-00091050-00091265 problem and of course they hadn't really
+r2gySiPr_DI-00419-00091266-00091397 thought it through that I am a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00420-00091398-00091582 conversation analyst so I'm going to use
+r2gySiPr_DI-00421-00091583-00091837 this data this question is data forever
+r2gySiPr_DI-00422-00091838-00092171 as an example of why yes no questions in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00423-00092172-00092326 in this case a negative interrogative
+r2gySiPr_DI-00424-00092327-00092543 question uh are much more interesting
+r2gySiPr_DI-00425-00092544-00092855 than you might initially think
+r2gySiPr_DI-00426-00092856-00093100 um I also decided that this is actually
+r2gySiPr_DI-00427-00093101-00093347 quite a good way to describe what I've
+r2gySiPr_DI-00428-00093348-00093532 actually been doing with my own work in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00429-00093533-00093773 conversation analysis for the last 12 13
+r2gySiPr_DI-00430-00093774-00094043 or so years because it's been almost
+r2gySiPr_DI-00431-00094044-00094318 exclusively co-produced with and for
+r2gySiPr_DI-00432-00094319-00094547 non-academic partners with the aim of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00433-00094548-00094762 addressing some kind of conversational
+r2gySiPr_DI-00434-00094763-00095111 or communication problem from Healthcare
+r2gySiPr_DI-00435-00095112-00095344 and legal Partners through to technology
+r2gySiPr_DI-00436-00095345-00095621 companies and Beyond so damn you a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00437-00095622-00095825 reviewer too but also thank you for this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00438-00095826-00095975 quite interesting way to think about
+r2gySiPr_DI-00439-00095976-00096268 conversational analysis
+r2gySiPr_DI-00440-00096269-00096437 I'm not going to talk too much about
+r2gySiPr_DI-00441-00096438-00096706 individual projects today but I thought
+r2gySiPr_DI-00442-00096707-00096905 I would explain a little bit about what
+r2gySiPr_DI-00443-00096906-00097211 I do across three sorry five problem
+r2gySiPr_DI-00444-00097212-00097493 areas that conversation analysis has
+r2gySiPr_DI-00445-00097494-00097625 maybe something interesting to say
+r2gySiPr_DI-00446-00097626-00097847 hopefully you'll find it interesting
+r2gySiPr_DI-00447-00097848-00098038 so I'm going to start with a psychology
+r2gySiPr_DI-00448-00098039-00098435 problem then a detailed problem then a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00449-00098436-00098668 communication myth problem
+r2gySiPr_DI-00450-00098669-00098981 hard data problem and a conversational
+r2gySiPr_DI-00451-00098982-00099335 products problem and I'll explain what I
+r2gySiPr_DI-00452-00099336-00099532 mean by all of these problems as we
+r2gySiPr_DI-00453-00099533-00099923 encounter each in each section
+r2gySiPr_DI-00454-00099924-00100174 so to start off with then a psychology
+r2gySiPr_DI-00455-00100175-00100361 problem and I'm saying psychology
+r2gySiPr_DI-00456-00100362-00100559 because psychology is my home discipline
+r2gySiPr_DI-00457-00100560-00100823 but you might substitute psychology here
+r2gySiPr_DI-00458-00100824-00101135 for other social science methods when it
+r2gySiPr_DI-00459-00101136-00101315 comes to what it is I want to talk about
+r2gySiPr_DI-00460-00101316-00101609 that is a problem in Psychology at least
+r2gySiPr_DI-00461-00101610-00102155 that conversation analysis might address
+r2gySiPr_DI-00462-00102156-00102623 so as Matthias Mel argues here
+r2gySiPr_DI-00463-00102624-00102856 laypersons often think of psychologists
+r2gySiPr_DI-00464-00102857-00103139 as professional people Watchers it's
+r2gySiPr_DI-00465-00103140-00103318 ironic then that in our discipline
+r2gySiPr_DI-00466-00103319-00103510 actually very little naturally occurring
+r2gySiPr_DI-00467-00103511-00103703 observation takes place
+r2gySiPr_DI-00468-00103704-00103871 and this is something that of course
+r2gySiPr_DI-00469-00103872-00104044 anyone who is a psychologist will be
+r2gySiPr_DI-00470-00104045-00104213 very familiar with that were thought of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00471-00104214-00104416 of being kind of nosy Parkers who just
+r2gySiPr_DI-00472-00104417-00104554 you know observing everything all the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00473-00104555-00104627 time
+r2gySiPr_DI-00474-00104628-00104753 but in fact
+r2gySiPr_DI-00475-00104754-00104975 tend not to look at naturally occurring
+r2gySiPr_DI-00476-00104976-00105136 Behavior you know where all the juicy
+r2gySiPr_DI-00477-00105138-00105401 things of life actually happen instead
+r2gySiPr_DI-00478-00105402-00105677 psychologists simulate it they ask
+r2gySiPr_DI-00479-00105678-00105904 people to report upon it later on
+r2gySiPr_DI-00480-00105905-00106139 surveys and interviews and so on
+r2gySiPr_DI-00481-00106140-00106384 and so as Mel continues
+r2gySiPr_DI-00482-00106385-00106583 the psychological scientist toolkit
+r2gySiPr_DI-00483-00106583-00106769 should have something a method to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00484-00106770-00106973 directly observe daily life where
+r2gySiPr_DI-00485-00106974-00107171 moment-to-moment Behavior naturally
+r2gySiPr_DI-00486-00107172-00107321 happens
+r2gySiPr_DI-00487-00107322-00107525 conversation analysis has been providing
+r2gySiPr_DI-00488-00107526-00107777 this toolkit for over 50 years its
+r2gySiPr_DI-00489-00107778-00107908 Origins for those of you who don't know
+r2gySiPr_DI-00490-00107909-00108227 are in sociology it was imported into my
+r2gySiPr_DI-00491-00108228-00108413 home discipline of psychology through
+r2gySiPr_DI-00492-00108414-00108628 discursive psychology and of course
+r2gySiPr_DI-00493-00108629-00108875 there are CA scholars in pretty much all
+r2gySiPr_DI-00494-00108876-00109013 disciplines but maybe particularly
+r2gySiPr_DI-00495-00109014-00109234 anthropology communication and media
+r2gySiPr_DI-00496-00109235-00109457 Linguistics and so on with applications
+r2gySiPr_DI-00497-00109458-00109786 far and wide
+r2gySiPr_DI-00498-00109788-00110021 so what actually is conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00499-00110022-00110297 analysis it's much more than a toolkit
+r2gySiPr_DI-00500-00110298-00110645 it's a theory of and method for studying
+r2gySiPr_DI-00501-00110646-00110866 human sociality
+r2gySiPr_DI-00502-00110867-00111190 conversation analysts study social
+r2gySiPr_DI-00503-00111191-00111463 interaction in the wild as it happens
+r2gySiPr_DI-00504-00111464-00111808 not simulated not role played not
+r2gySiPr_DI-00505-00111809-00112043 experimentally produced not reported
+r2gySiPr_DI-00506-00112044-00112289 upon post-talk in surveys or on
+r2gySiPr_DI-00507-00112290-00112463 interviews
+r2gySiPr_DI-00508-00112464-00112684 our primary data there for our
+r2gySiPr_DI-00509-00112685-00112978 recordings and what we do with the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00510-00112979-00113189 recordings is then transcribe them using
+r2gySiPr_DI-00511-00113190-00113399 a universal Technical system that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00512-00113400-00113597 permits a very fine-grained analysis of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00513-00113598-00113951 what people are saying as as well as how
+r2gySiPr_DI-00514-00113952-00114107 they're saying it and when in the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00515-00114108-00114257 conversation they're saying Get at what
+r2gySiPr_DI-00516-00114258-00114551 pace with what intonation with what in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00517-00114552-00114766 aggregate embodied conduct all of the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00518-00114767-00115175 things that produce social interaction
+r2gySiPr_DI-00519-00115176-00115402 and I've often used the metaphor of a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00520-00115403-00115673 conversational race track to think about
+r2gySiPr_DI-00521-00115674-00115936 how Talk Works that the idea that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00522-00115938-00116099 conversations have a kind of landscape
+r2gySiPr_DI-00523-00116100-00116404 to them an architecture a structure and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00524-00116405-00116669 they unfold turn by turn one thing
+r2gySiPr_DI-00525-00116670-00116873 coming after another and one turn at
+r2gySiPr_DI-00526-00116874-00117107 talk affording or constraining the next
+r2gySiPr_DI-00527-00117108-00117310 thing that happens
+r2gySiPr_DI-00528-00117311-00117610 so in any given interaction we move
+r2gySiPr_DI-00529-00117611-00117743 through what we might think of as
+r2gySiPr_DI-00530-00117744-00118060 projects so like openings or reportings
+r2gySiPr_DI-00531-00118061-00118378 or advisings or offerings or requesting
+r2gySiPr_DI-00532-00118379-00118577 or closing
+r2gySiPr_DI-00533-00118578-00118847 and people often think that real talk is
+r2gySiPr_DI-00534-00118848-00119128 just too messy to capture and study in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00535-00119129-00119381 any kind of scientific way and yet when
+r2gySiPr_DI-00536-00119382-00119531 you zoom out and look at the whole
+r2gySiPr_DI-00537-00119532-00119686 conversational race track the whole
+r2gySiPr_DI-00538-00119688-00119915 architecture the whole landscape you can
+r2gySiPr_DI-00539-00119916-00120178 start to discern the components and its
+r2gySiPr_DI-00540-00120179-00120449 systematic structure
+r2gySiPr_DI-00541-00120450-00120640 when it comes to these sorts of projects
+r2gySiPr_DI-00542-00120641-00120857 that happen along the racetrack any one
+r2gySiPr_DI-00543-00120858-00121060 of them can be done smoothly with no
+r2gySiPr_DI-00544-00121061-00121277 misunderstanding or they can be full of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00545-00121278-00121475 miscommunication and tension and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00546-00121476-00121619 friction
+r2gySiPr_DI-00547-00121620-00121781 so I've looked at lots of different race
+r2gySiPr_DI-00548-00121782-00121984 tracks from people on first dates
+r2gySiPr_DI-00549-00121985-00122158 through to police interviews with
+r2gySiPr_DI-00550-00122159-00122478 suspects crisis negotiation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00551-00122479-00122783 people talking using technology lots of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00552-00122783-00122999 different settings
+r2gySiPr_DI-00553-00123000-00123340 so to bring us back to Mel's quote the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00554-00123341-00123557 whole point of conversation analysis is
+r2gySiPr_DI-00555-00123558-00123851 to study moment to moment Behavior
+r2gySiPr_DI-00556-00123852-00124078 naturally occurring as it happens in the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00557-00124079-00124169 wild
+r2gySiPr_DI-00558-00124170-00124421 and for conversation analysts this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00559-00124422-00124601 moment-to-moment detail is really
+r2gySiPr_DI-00560-00124602-00124828 important and the shegloth here says
+r2gySiPr_DI-00561-00124829-00124936 who's one of the founders of the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00562-00124938-00125134 discipline social science theory
+r2gySiPr_DI-00563-00125135-00125339 theorizing must be answerable to the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00564-00125340-00125675 details of actual natural occurrences
+r2gySiPr_DI-00565-00125676-00125878 quite a challenge for a lot of social
+r2gySiPr_DI-00566-00125879-00125986 science
+r2gySiPr_DI-00567-00125988-00126202 this emphasis on detail brings us to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00568-00126203-00126389 problem two
+r2gySiPr_DI-00569-00126390-00126689 the problem of detail
+r2gySiPr_DI-00570-00126690-00126869 one of the reasons people often
+r2gySiPr_DI-00571-00126870-00127043 articulate for doing qualitative
+r2gySiPr_DI-00572-00127044-00127319 research is to enfranchise and empower
+r2gySiPr_DI-00573-00127320-00127565 the real voices of participants so
+r2gySiPr_DI-00574-00127566-00127775 eliciting people's accounts and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00575-00127776-00127954 experiences in their own words in their
+r2gySiPr_DI-00576-00127955-00128345 own voices to generate this Rich data
+r2gySiPr_DI-00577-00128346-00128608 yet when you look at reported research
+r2gySiPr_DI-00578-00128609-00128897 in qualitative methods quite often not
+r2gySiPr_DI-00579-00128898-00129095 always but quite often the detail of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00580-00129096-00129401 what people say their actual voice and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00581-00129402-00129623 especially how and where in an encounter
+r2gySiPr_DI-00582-00129624-00129814 they say things those things are
+r2gySiPr_DI-00583-00129815-00130054 Stripped Away along with the occasion
+r2gySiPr_DI-00584-00130055-00130204 they have for saying it in the first
+r2gySiPr_DI-00585-00130205-00130373 place by which I mean what the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00586-00130374-00130583 interviewer asks or how the question was
+r2gySiPr_DI-00587-00130583-00130751 worded
+r2gySiPr_DI-00588-00130752-00130978 conversation analysts for some is one of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00589-00130979-00131177 the soggiest of social science methods
+r2gySiPr_DI-00590-00131178-00131423 with its focus on details and gaps and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00591-00131424-00131602 pauses and these tiny things in social
+r2gySiPr_DI-00592-00131603-00131723 interaction
+r2gySiPr_DI-00593-00131724-00131939 and we're accused of you know rather
+r2gySiPr_DI-00594-00131940-00132166 than stripping detail away of including
+r2gySiPr_DI-00595-00132167-00132389 far too much detail and therefore
+r2gySiPr_DI-00596-00132390-00132623 avoiding sort of being able to see or
+r2gySiPr_DI-00597-00132624-00132964 say anything about the big picture
+r2gySiPr_DI-00598-00132965-00133163 this this thing about
+r2gySiPr_DI-00599-00133164-00133451 um CA having a focus on too much detail
+r2gySiPr_DI-00600-00133452-00133661 often reminds me of the apocryphal story
+r2gySiPr_DI-00601-00133662-00133919 of Mozart and what apparently Emperor
+r2gySiPr_DI-00602-00133920-00134135 Joseph II supposedly said after the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00603-00134136-00134363 performance of one of his operas too
+r2gySiPr_DI-00604-00134364-00134621 many notes dear Mozart too many notes
+r2gySiPr_DI-00605-00134622-00134861 and Mozart's reply apparently was just
+r2gySiPr_DI-00606-00134862-00135095 as many as necessary your majesty
+r2gySiPr_DI-00607-00135096-00135275 so here obviously there's there's quite
+r2gySiPr_DI-00608-00135276-00135563 a lot of detail on this manuscript
+r2gySiPr_DI-00609-00135564-00135778 if you haven't seen one before uh here's
+r2gySiPr_DI-00610-00135779-00136002 a conversation analyst transcript
+r2gySiPr_DI-00611-00136003-00136252 produced using a system developed 50
+r2gySiPr_DI-00612-00136253-00136445 years ago by Gail Jefferson another
+r2gySiPr_DI-00613-00136446-00136589 founder of the field
+r2gySiPr_DI-00614-00136590-00136787 and actually I quite like music as an
+r2gySiPr_DI-00615-00136788-00137039 analogy for some of what we do because
+r2gySiPr_DI-00616-00137040-00137327 like Jefferson both systems are standard
+r2gySiPr_DI-00617-00137328-00137602 they're Universal and if you know how to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00618-00137603-00137945 use them you can represent sound and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00619-00137946-00138113 then do things with that representation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00620-00138114-00138407 as well as the original score
+r2gySiPr_DI-00621-00138408-00138616 I want to show you why details are
+r2gySiPr_DI-00622-00138617-00138821 important
+r2gySiPr_DI-00623-00138822-00139054 so this transcript that is here you
+r2gySiPr_DI-00624-00139055-00139169 won't be able don't worry about seeing
+r2gySiPr_DI-00625-00139170-00139361 it in detail at this point what you're
+r2gySiPr_DI-00626-00139362-00139589 looking at is a transcript of a leaked
+r2gySiPr_DI-00627-00139590-00139804 audio recording of an offer conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00628-00139805-00140045 about five years ago between John
+r2gySiPr_DI-00629-00140046-00140357 Humphries BBC Radio 4 today presenter at
+r2gySiPr_DI-00630-00140358-00140501 the time and John sopel another
+r2gySiPr_DI-00631-00140502-00140669 journalist
+r2gySiPr_DI-00632-00140670-00140927 um and they were talking off air leaked
+r2gySiPr_DI-00633-00140928-00141137 about another colleague Carrie Gracie
+r2gySiPr_DI-00634-00141138-00141352 and you might remember Carrie Gracie had
+r2gySiPr_DI-00635-00141353-00141599 resigned from the BBC in the context of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00636-00141600-00141857 agenda pay Gap at the organization
+r2gySiPr_DI-00637-00141858-00142049 so this was this was a big story the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00638-00142050-00142259 recording was was online and BuzzFeed
+r2gySiPr_DI-00639-00142260-00142493 reported the story and made a transcript
+r2gySiPr_DI-00640-00142494-00142709 and already what I'm just hoping you can
+r2gySiPr_DI-00641-00142710-00142871 see just by eyeballing is that those
+r2gySiPr_DI-00642-00142872-00143087 transcripts are quite different
+r2gySiPr_DI-00643-00143088-00143321 so to keep going with the music analogy
+r2gySiPr_DI-00644-00143322-00143477 just for a minute you know one is the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00645-00143478-00143663 easy to play version whereas the other
+r2gySiPr_DI-00646-00143664-00143885 is the original composition
+r2gySiPr_DI-00647-00143886-00144161 so let's now look at just one little bit
+r2gySiPr_DI-00648-00144162-00144371 of of the transcript
+r2gySiPr_DI-00649-00144372-00144514 so again in a way it doesn't you don't
+r2gySiPr_DI-00650-00144515-00144707 really need to see the detail too much
+r2gySiPr_DI-00651-00144708-00144971 but what you can hopefully see is that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00652-00144972-00145199 according to the BuzzFeed transcript at
+r2gySiPr_DI-00653-00145200-00145402 this point in the conversation only John
+r2gySiPr_DI-00654-00145403-00145631 Humphries was talking whereas when you
+r2gySiPr_DI-00655-00145632-00145931 transcribe it using more you put more
+r2gySiPr_DI-00656-00145932-00146128 detail in what you can actually see is
+r2gySiPr_DI-00657-00146129-00146333 that John sopel was participating quite
+r2gySiPr_DI-00658-00146334-00146621 a lot in this encounter so lots of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00659-00146622-00146825 basically sort of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00660-00146826-00147083 supportive laughter affiliative laughter
+r2gySiPr_DI-00661-00147084-00147364 and so on and we know for example from
+r2gySiPr_DI-00662-00147365-00147575 other conversational legit research that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00663-00147576-00147725 if someone's saying something obnoxious
+r2gySiPr_DI-00664-00147726-00147964 one thing you can do is stay silent and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00665-00147965-00148169 and that will probably stop them and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00666-00148170-00148361 make them change their trajectory or
+r2gySiPr_DI-00667-00148362-00148493 something like that but if you laugh
+r2gySiPr_DI-00668-00148494-00148643 along with it then they'll probably keep
+r2gySiPr_DI-00669-00148644-00148739 going
+r2gySiPr_DI-00670-00148740-00148985 so this is one of those moments where
+r2gySiPr_DI-00671-00148986-00149183 you know the detail is telling you a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00672-00149184-00149393 slightly different story compared to the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00673-00149394-00149525 transcript that was the one that was
+r2gySiPr_DI-00674-00149526-00149801 sort of popular popular online and even
+r2gySiPr_DI-00675-00149802-00150011 more interesting maybe and and I'm not
+r2gySiPr_DI-00676-00150012-00150178 in remotely defending John Humphries
+r2gySiPr_DI-00677-00150179-00150473 heaven forbid uh but all the headlines
+r2gySiPr_DI-00678-00150474-00150713 pretty much were about Humphreys rather
+r2gySiPr_DI-00679-00150714-00150959 than sopal now
+r2gySiPr_DI-00680-00150960-00151151 the reason that I'm showing you this is
+r2gySiPr_DI-00681-00151152-00151343 is that conversation analytic methods
+r2gySiPr_DI-00682-00151344-00151585 partly get their power by simply
+r2gySiPr_DI-00683-00151586-00151871 exposing specifying and explicating
+r2gySiPr_DI-00684-00151872-00152081 things that are happening
+r2gySiPr_DI-00685-00152082-00152327 and sometimes these differences in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00686-00152328-00152459 something like an orthographic
+r2gySiPr_DI-00687-00152460-00152602 transcript and a technical transcript
+r2gySiPr_DI-00688-00152603-00152849 are really important so my colleague at
+r2gySiPr_DI-00689-00152850-00153095 Loughborough Emma Richardson has shown
+r2gySiPr_DI-00690-00153096-00153389 how different police interview you know
+r2gySiPr_DI-00691-00153390-00153563 recorded police interviews are when
+r2gySiPr_DI-00692-00153564-00153802 they're transcribed orthographically for
+r2gySiPr_DI-00693-00153803-00153989 the legal process compared to a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00694-00153990-00154187 conversation analyst transcript and you
+r2gySiPr_DI-00695-00154188-00154373 can probably now imagine the kinds of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00696-00154374-00154487 things that would be different there
+r2gySiPr_DI-00697-00154488-00154793 that might be quite important to know
+r2gySiPr_DI-00698-00154794-00154990 the technical detail is also important
+r2gySiPr_DI-00699-00154991-00155602 for doing analysis
+r2gySiPr_DI-00700-00155603-00155801 so I'm going to give you an example of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00701-00155802-00156101 how a tiny detail in a transcript
+r2gySiPr_DI-00702-00156102-00156443 cracked open a whole analysis
+r2gySiPr_DI-00703-00156444-00156671 so a few years ago well quite a long
+r2gySiPr_DI-00704-00156672-00156833 time ago now when I think about it I was
+r2gySiPr_DI-00705-00156834-00156976 conducting some research on labor
+r2gySiPr_DI-00706-00156977-00157199 disputes with a colleague Derek Edwards
+r2gySiPr_DI-00707-00157200-00157439 and our initial interest in labor
+r2gySiPr_DI-00708-00157440-00157625 disputes was okay how do we study
+r2gySiPr_DI-00709-00157626-00157781 something like labor relationships how
+r2gySiPr_DI-00710-00157782-00157943 do we study them in a naturally
+r2gySiPr_DI-00711-00157944-00158135 occurring environment
+r2gySiPr_DI-00712-00158136-00158333 um so we got access to community
+r2gySiPr_DI-00713-00158334-00158681 mediation sessions where mediators were
+r2gySiPr_DI-00714-00158682-00158873 trying to help the the parties in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00715-00158874-00159149 dispute and then initial inquiry calls
+r2gySiPr_DI-00716-00159150-00159449 intermediation Services calls into the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00717-00159450-00159785 local Authority local Council calls to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00718-00159786-00160007 environmental health services and police
+r2gySiPr_DI-00719-00160008-00160204 interviews where suspects have been
+r2gySiPr_DI-00720-00160205-00160414 arrested in the case of a nuclear sorry
+r2gySiPr_DI-00721-00160415-00160631 a neighbor dispute gone nuclear or
+r2gySiPr_DI-00722-00160632-00160871 semi-nuclear
+r2gySiPr_DI-00723-00160872-00161135 our research originally focused on how
+r2gySiPr_DI-00724-00161136-00161459 matters of identity creep into neighbor
+r2gySiPr_DI-00725-00161460-00161783 disputes so how an ostensible noise
+r2gySiPr_DI-00726-00161784-00162035 dispute starts somewhere along that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00727-00162036-00162221 conversation to turn into something
+r2gySiPr_DI-00728-00162222-00162407 about the kind of person who's living
+r2gySiPr_DI-00729-00162408-00162539 next door
+r2gySiPr_DI-00730-00162540-00162778 and we got really interested in matters
+r2gySiPr_DI-00731-00162779-00163019 of ageism and racism and particularly
+r2gySiPr_DI-00732-00163020-00163187 how they were handled by institutional
+r2gySiPr_DI-00733-00163188-00163390 parties
+r2gySiPr_DI-00734-00163391-00163589 towards the end of the study I became
+r2gySiPr_DI-00735-00163590-00163823 particularly interested in these initial
+r2gySiPr_DI-00736-00163824-00164045 inquiry calls to community mediation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00737-00164046-00164290 services themselves and the fact that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00738-00164291-00164495 despite mediators offering a free
+r2gySiPr_DI-00739-00164496-00164740 service to people in dispute
+r2gySiPr_DI-00740-00164741-00164945 many of these calls ended with the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00741-00164946-00165161 person saying no to mediation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00742-00165162-00165389 so somewhere along this conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00743-00165390-00165683 people either got engaged with the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00744-00165684-00165952 process or said no to the process
+r2gySiPr_DI-00745-00165953-00166163 so what is it that's going on in this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00746-00166164-00166349 sort of naturally occurring laboratory
+r2gySiPr_DI-00747-00166350-00166552 situation where the outcome is an
+r2gySiPr_DI-00748-00166553-00166799 endogenous feature of the encounter and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00749-00166800-00166990 these are all real calls it's not actors
+r2gySiPr_DI-00750-00166991-00167135 pretending to have a neighbor dispute
+r2gySiPr_DI-00751-00167136-00167278 we're not asking people about their
+r2gySiPr_DI-00752-00167279-00167440 neighbor disputes the mediators aren't
+r2gySiPr_DI-00753-00167441-00167614 doing training everyone is in a real
+r2gySiPr_DI-00754-00167615-00167873 call where the stakes are those
+r2gySiPr_DI-00755-00167874-00168143 particularly real Stakes
+r2gySiPr_DI-00756-00168144-00168449 so initial inquiry calls sort of zooming
+r2gySiPr_DI-00757-00168450-00168647 out and thinking about the whole Arc of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00758-00168648-00168869 these telephone conversations they
+r2gySiPr_DI-00759-00168870-00169090 started off with project one opening the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00760-00169091-00169216 call establishing you're in the right
+r2gySiPr_DI-00761-00169217-00169301 place
+r2gySiPr_DI-00762-00169302-00169528 project two explaining what the problem
+r2gySiPr_DI-00763-00169529-00169763 is with next door the a big story about
+r2gySiPr_DI-00764-00169764-00169978 you know somebody horrendous who lived
+r2gySiPr_DI-00765-00169979-00170201 next door to you and then project three
+r2gySiPr_DI-00766-00170202-00170440 where
+r2gySiPr_DI-00767-00170441-00170681 the mediator starts to explain what
+r2gySiPr_DI-00768-00170682-00170902 mediation is and because people don't
+r2gySiPr_DI-00769-00170903-00171095 know what mediation is this always
+r2gySiPr_DI-00770-00171096-00171316 happened at some point along the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00771-00171317-00171539 telephone call and so I wanted to zoom
+r2gySiPr_DI-00772-00171540-00171749 in on Project three because this seemed
+r2gySiPr_DI-00773-00171750-00171916 to be one of the points at which people
+r2gySiPr_DI-00774-00171917-00172157 started to disengage with the idea of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00775-00172158-00172589 mediating
+r2gySiPr_DI-00776-00172590-00172925 so I'm going to give you an example as I
+r2gySiPr_DI-00777-00172926-00173128 say of why detail matters in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00778-00173129-00173416 understanding how mediators failed or
+r2gySiPr_DI-00779-00173417-00173614 succeeded in getting this project 3
+r2gySiPr_DI-00780-00173615-00173933 write this explanation of mediation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00781-00173934-00174190 so I found two things
+r2gySiPr_DI-00782-00174191-00174371 first of all mediators are always
+r2gySiPr_DI-00783-00174372-00174516 explain mediation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00784-00174517-00174802 and they did it in one of two ways they
+r2gySiPr_DI-00785-00174803-00175175 either explained mediation as an as with
+r2gySiPr_DI-00786-00175176-00175421 a sort of philosophy behind it the sort
+r2gySiPr_DI-00787-00175422-00175602 of ethos of mediation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00788-00175603-00175835 they'd say you know we don't take sides
+r2gySiPr_DI-00789-00175836-00175966 it's impartial it's voluntary we don't
+r2gySiPr_DI-00790-00175967-00176123 have any power they'd explain the sort
+r2gySiPr_DI-00791-00176124-00176351 of why they do mediation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00792-00176352-00176602 or they would explain mediation as a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00793-00176603-00176771 process so this happens and then this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00794-00176772-00176933 happens and then this happens
+r2gySiPr_DI-00795-00176934-00177113 so that was the first thing and callers
+r2gySiPr_DI-00796-00177114-00177328 typically engaged in a process type of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00797-00177329-00177563 explanation but not an ethos or a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00798-00177564-00177845 philosophical type of explanation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00799-00177846-00178019 the second thing was that callers would
+r2gySiPr_DI-00800-00178020-00178235 resist mediation and start to disengage
+r2gySiPr_DI-00801-00178236-00178528 in you know in a maybe three or four
+r2gySiPr_DI-00802-00178529-00178871 fairly routine kinds of ways and one of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00803-00178872-00179026 them was saying that they don't want
+r2gySiPr_DI-00804-00179027-00179147 their neighbor to know they've been
+r2gySiPr_DI-00805-00179148-00179338 complaining about them which you could
+r2gySiPr_DI-00806-00179339-00179488 probably imagine is a very common thing
+r2gySiPr_DI-00807-00179489-00179752 that you might expect people to say
+r2gySiPr_DI-00808-00179753-00179951 so I'm now going to show you a mediator
+r2gySiPr_DI-00809-00179952-00180166 explaining mediation to a prospective
+r2gySiPr_DI-00810-00180167-00180347 client in a way that proves successful
+r2gySiPr_DI-00811-00180348-00180616 the process based explanation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00812-00180617-00180904 and as it comes out you're going to see
+r2gySiPr_DI-00813-00180905-00181216 the clip come out line by line in with
+r2gySiPr_DI-00814-00181217-00181414 the with the anonymized recording and a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00815-00181415-00181540 transcript
+r2gySiPr_DI-00816-00181541-00181751 and I want you to just watch for this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00817-00181752-00181919 little tiny detail that would probably
+r2gySiPr_DI-00818-00181920-00182104 not be present in an ordinary transcript
+r2gySiPr_DI-00819-00182105-00182273 but it turned out to be quite important
+r2gySiPr_DI-00820-00182274-00182447 for what where I started looking at
+r2gySiPr_DI-00821-00182448-00182566 these calls
+r2gySiPr_DI-00822-00182567-00182878 so hopefully the audio will work and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00823-00182879-00183011 here it comes
+r2gySiPr_DI-00824-00183012-00184063 we're mediation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00825-00184064-00184283 send a letter out to your neighbor
+r2gySiPr_DI-00826-00184284-00184438 straight away
+r2gySiPr_DI-00827-00184439-00184702 say that we've been in touch with you
+r2gySiPr_DI-00828-00184703-00185152 yeah and ask him whether they would get
+r2gySiPr_DI-00829-00185153-00185351 in touch with us so that we can discuss
+r2gySiPr_DI-00830-00185352-00185621 it with them yeah
+r2gySiPr_DI-00831-00185622-00185795 and it goes on and this this person
+r2gySiPr_DI-00832-00185796-00186088 agrees to mediate at the end of the call
+r2gySiPr_DI-00833-00186089-00186263 so I'm hoping that you can see that the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00834-00186264-00186478 detail really matters because what we
+r2gySiPr_DI-00835-00186479-00186688 have at the start of line six is this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00836-00186689-00186833 little thing that conversation analyst
+r2gySiPr_DI-00837-00186834-00187121 core repair where the mediator starts to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00838-00187122-00187254 say probably
+r2gySiPr_DI-00839-00187255-00187547 uh what we do first we write out to the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00840-00187548-00187649 letter to your neighbor straight away
+r2gySiPr_DI-00841-00187650-00187840 just to say that you
+r2gySiPr_DI-00842-00187841-00188123 where was that headed you've been in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00843-00188124-00188338 touch with us but immediately deletes
+r2gySiPr_DI-00844-00188339-00188585 that and and swaps it for we've been in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00845-00188586-00188771 touch with you making the mediation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00846-00188772-00188975 Center the agent of things happening in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00847-00188976-00189197 the life of the people in dispute
+r2gySiPr_DI-00848-00189198-00189443 to try and sort of design out the one of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00849-00189444-00189599 the regular objections which is but
+r2gySiPr_DI-00850-00189600-00189754 won't they know I've been complaining if
+r2gySiPr_DI-00851-00189755-00189935 you say it the other way around
+r2gySiPr_DI-00852-00189936-00190204 so the detail here really matters and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00853-00190205-00190361 this was one of you know one an early
+r2gySiPr_DI-00854-00190362-00190535 very early bit of transcript that I was
+r2gySiPr_DI-00855-00190536-00190738 looking at and listening to and and just
+r2gySiPr_DI-00856-00190739-00190931 noticing not only
+r2gySiPr_DI-00857-00190932-00191123 um does this this tiny detail matter but
+r2gySiPr_DI-00858-00191124-00191266 it's also starting to show us something
+r2gySiPr_DI-00859-00191267-00191525 about the mediator's sort of tacit
+r2gySiPr_DI-00860-00191526-00191735 expertise and experience that the media
+r2gySiPr_DI-00861-00191736-00191878 to hear is kind of catching herself
+r2gySiPr_DI-00862-00191879-00192059 before she does the thing that is most
+r2gySiPr_DI-00863-00192060-00192214 likely to lead to one of the very things
+r2gySiPr_DI-00864-00192215-00192509 that people object to along these
+r2gySiPr_DI-00865-00192510-00192731 conversational race tracks
+r2gySiPr_DI-00866-00192732-00192995 so the next step was to go through all
+r2gySiPr_DI-00867-00192996-00193145 of the materials and have a look at all
+r2gySiPr_DI-00868-00193146-00193288 of the project threes all of the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00869-00193289-00193487 explanations of mediation and start to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00870-00193488-00193697 figure out what is it that seems to get
+r2gySiPr_DI-00871-00193698-00193864 people turned on or what do they object
+r2gySiPr_DI-00872-00193865-00194063 to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00873-00194064-00194201 and so
+r2gySiPr_DI-00874-00194202-00194435 um I did lots of talks to mediators I
+r2gySiPr_DI-00875-00194436-00194663 started uh you know saying I've got
+r2gySiPr_DI-00876-00194664-00194771 something interesting to show you
+r2gySiPr_DI-00877-00194772-00194914 mediators who some of them I've been
+r2gySiPr_DI-00878-00194915-00195143 working with some by word of mouth and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00879-00195144-00195293 at some point I crossed over from
+r2gySiPr_DI-00880-00195294-00195535 Community mediation to Family Mediation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00881-00195536-00195833 and was Finding lots of similar sorts of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00882-00195834-00196114 barriers to people agreeing to mediate
+r2gySiPr_DI-00883-00196115-00196409 in those initial inquiry calls
+r2gySiPr_DI-00884-00196410-00196702 and this was me presenting 10 years ago
+r2gySiPr_DI-00885-00196703-00196888 at a conference for family lawyers and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00886-00196889-00197116 mediators and at the time the ministry
+r2gySiPr_DI-00887-00197117-00197399 of Justice had a new campaign to promote
+r2gySiPr_DI-00888-00197400-00197554 Family Mediation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00889-00197555-00197878 and I was pretty critical on this stage
+r2gySiPr_DI-00890-00197879-00198076 of some of the messaging that was in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00891-00198077-00198352 this animated video because I knew that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00892-00198353-00198538 in real calls you know rather than maybe
+r2gySiPr_DI-00893-00198539-00198725 like in a focus group or just by like
+r2gySiPr_DI-00894-00198726-00198851 how do you put how do people put these
+r2gySiPr_DI-00895-00198852-00199007 things together this sounds right or
+r2gySiPr_DI-00896-00199008-00199199 this will probably get them in or I'm a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00897-00199200-00199378 mediator and I know what works but
+r2gySiPr_DI-00898-00199379-00199613 actually I kind of knew that these ways
+r2gySiPr_DI-00899-00199614-00199840 of explaining mediation lots of ethos
+r2gySiPr_DI-00900-00199841-00200063 probably aren't going to get people to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00901-00200064-00200273 engage in the process
+r2gySiPr_DI-00902-00200274-00200500 um and so it turned out
+r2gySiPr_DI-00903-00200501-00200675 um that somebody from the ministry of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00904-00200676-00200813 Justice was in the audience I wasn't
+r2gySiPr_DI-00905-00200814-00201047 really expecting that but shortly after
+r2gySiPr_DI-00906-00201048-00201202 they invited me to come and work with
+r2gySiPr_DI-00907-00201203-00201395 their communication team and so we
+r2gySiPr_DI-00908-00201396-00201616 redesigned the video and and related
+r2gySiPr_DI-00909-00201617-00201754 posters
+r2gySiPr_DI-00910-00201755-00202019 um and it even found its way to the U.S
+r2gySiPr_DI-00911-00202020-00202199 Superior Courts mediation service
+r2gySiPr_DI-00912-00202200-00202385 because I'd gone to the states and and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00913-00202386-00202547 talked to mediation services over there
+r2gySiPr_DI-00914-00202548-00202678 as well
+r2gySiPr_DI-00915-00202679-00203057 so overall this work underpinned lots of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00916-00203058-00203321 training for mediators which turned out
+r2gySiPr_DI-00917-00203322-00203531 to be very much in demand because really
+r2gySiPr_DI-00918-00203532-00203747 until this point no one was even focused
+r2gySiPr_DI-00919-00203748-00203914 on what goes on to try and get people
+r2gySiPr_DI-00920-00203915-00204190 into mediation all of their training and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00921-00204191-00204376 development was all around being a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00922-00204377-00204557 mediator but of course if you don't have
+r2gySiPr_DI-00923-00204558-00204731 clients if you can't get people into
+r2gySiPr_DI-00924-00204732-00204905 mediation then you won't be able to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00925-00204906-00205192 survive as a service
+r2gySiPr_DI-00926-00205194-00205523 so the detail matters and another quote
+r2gySiPr_DI-00927-00205523-00205684 here from the the founder of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00928-00205685-00205888 conversation analysis if you can't deal
+r2gySiPr_DI-00929-00205889-00206164 with the actual details of actual events
+r2gySiPr_DI-00930-00206165-00206416 then you can't have a science of social
+r2gySiPr_DI-00931-00206417-00206560 life
+r2gySiPr_DI-00932-00206561-00206825 detail matters
+r2gySiPr_DI-00933-00206826-00207082 this moved me on to my next problem a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00934-00207083-00207377 communication myth problem
+r2gySiPr_DI-00935-00207378-00207731 so it's a very strange thing in a way to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00936-00207732-00207964 do any kind of public science or science
+r2gySiPr_DI-00937-00207965-00208271 communication about conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00938-00208271-00208498 because the phenomenon itself is very
+r2gySiPr_DI-00939-00208500-00208696 ordinary no one needs to be a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00940-00208698-00208829 conversation analyst to have a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00941-00208830-00208936 conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00942-00208937-00209275 so talking about talking to audiences
+r2gySiPr_DI-00943-00209276-00209531 like yourselves but probably not like
+r2gySiPr_DI-00944-00209532-00209681 yourselves but just like more generally
+r2gySiPr_DI-00945-00209682-00209951 it's a weird one and it's not like being
+r2gySiPr_DI-00946-00209952-00210089 a scientist of something like a black
+r2gySiPr_DI-00947-00210090-00210329 hole because a black hole doesn't exist
+r2gySiPr_DI-00948-00210330-00210515 in the first place for humans to
+r2gySiPr_DI-00949-00210516-00210725 understand it book conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-00950-00210726-00210977 communication discourse it's only there
+r2gySiPr_DI-00951-00210978-00211241 for us to understand each other and so
+r2gySiPr_DI-00952-00211242-00211481 we all have our lifetimes experience of
+r2gySiPr_DI-00953-00211482-00211703 interacting with each other and thus we
+r2gySiPr_DI-00954-00211704-00211913 have a lot of anecdata about how we
+r2gySiPr_DI-00955-00211914-00212069 think it all works
+r2gySiPr_DI-00956-00212069-00212387 but something odd does happen between us
+r2gySiPr_DI-00957-00212388-00212651 actually doing the talking and then sort
+r2gySiPr_DI-00958-00212652-00212848 of going meta to talk about how Talk
+r2gySiPr_DI-00959-00212850-00213023 Works
+r2gySiPr_DI-00960-00213023-00213208 and it's not just in sort of our
+r2gySiPr_DI-00961-00213209-00213401 everyday anecdotes that communication
+r2gySiPr_DI-00962-00213402-00213634 myths begin to solidify and take on a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00963-00213635-00213773 life of Their Own
+r2gySiPr_DI-00964-00213773-00213994 so this is one of my favorite
+r2gySiPr_DI-00965-00213996-00214210 um facts about communication you've
+r2gySiPr_DI-00966-00214211-00214367 probably seen something like this on a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00967-00214367-00214601 slide somewhere else uh before or
+r2gySiPr_DI-00968-00214602-00214751 someone will have told you that didn't
+r2gySiPr_DI-00969-00214752-00214987 you know that communication is 93
+r2gySiPr_DI-00970-00214988-00215296 non-verbal and only seven percent verbal
+r2gySiPr_DI-00971-00215298-00215519 so this kind of thing that I see all the
+r2gySiPr_DI-00972-00215519-00215681 time especially when I'm in other
+r2gySiPr_DI-00973-00215682-00215855 training events
+r2gySiPr_DI-00974-00215856-00216227 so you may or may not have seen this if
+r2gySiPr_DI-00975-00216228-00216413 you've seen it you may or may not know
+r2gySiPr_DI-00976-00216414-00216725 that the original writer of the research
+r2gySiPr_DI-00977-00216726-00216946 that this gets kind of you know
+r2gySiPr_DI-00978-00216948-00217163 massively transformed from album Arabian
+r2gySiPr_DI-00979-00217164-00217456 has spent at least a decent chunk of his
+r2gySiPr_DI-00980-00217457-00217679 career trying to get people to stop
+r2gySiPr_DI-00981-00217680-00217960 quoting the thing there is a very
+r2gySiPr_DI-00982-00217961-00218177 compelling stat we all do love a stat
+r2gySiPr_DI-00983-00218178-00218315 and a pie chart and you feel like you've
+r2gySiPr_DI-00984-00218316-00218458 learned something oh communication seven
+r2gySiPr_DI-00985-00218459-00218710 percent words but but actually in this
+r2gySiPr_DI-00986-00218711-00218879 particular interview he's talking to a
+r2gySiPr_DI-00987-00218880-00219071 sociologist Max Atkinson
+r2gySiPr_DI-00988-00219071-00219334 and one of the things that they discuss
+r2gySiPr_DI-00989-00219335-00219484 is how easy it is to make this thing
+r2gySiPr_DI-00990-00219485-00219760 fall over because if communication was
+r2gySiPr_DI-00991-00219761-00220006 only seven percent words how come radio
+r2gySiPr_DI-00992-00220007-00220325 is so popular or how come we can talk in
+r2gySiPr_DI-00993-00220326-00220546 the dark or how come when I go to France
+r2gySiPr_DI-00994-00220548-00220919 I I can't get by 93 10 of the time just
+r2gySiPr_DI-00995-00220919-00221134 fine I I do need some words
+r2gySiPr_DI-00996-00221135-00221356 this is not of course to say that
+r2gySiPr_DI-00997-00221357-00221555 embodied conduct and intonation and
+r2gySiPr_DI-00998-00221556-00221746 those things are not also crucial
+r2gySiPr_DI-00999-00221748-00221903 but sadly
+r2gySiPr_DI-01000-00221904-00222119 um this detail tells us that this stat
+r2gySiPr_DI-01001-00222119-00222305 is a bit of a myth
+r2gySiPr_DI-01002-00222306-00222467 so there are a lot of these myths around
+r2gySiPr_DI-01003-00222467-00222623 and at least one of the things that I've
+r2gySiPr_DI-01004-00222623-00222767 been trying to do over the last few
+r2gySiPr_DI-01005-00222767-00222958 years is get people to just engage with
+r2gySiPr_DI-01006-00222959-00223198 people actually talking what are we so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01007-00223200-00223337 scared of let's look at what people are
+r2gySiPr_DI-01008-00223338-00223505 actually doing when they talk to each
+r2gySiPr_DI-01009-00223506-00223673 other
+r2gySiPr_DI-01010-00223673-00223991 and this brings us to the fourth problem
+r2gySiPr_DI-01011-00223992-00224351 the problem of hard data so this is
+r2gySiPr_DI-01012-00224352-00224519 hopefully going to start to put together
+r2gySiPr_DI-01013-00224519-00224644 some of the themes that we've
+r2gySiPr_DI-01014-00224646-00224998 encountered so far in the talk
+r2gySiPr_DI-01015-00225000-00225155 so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01016-00225156-00225341 a couple of years ago I wrote an article
+r2gySiPr_DI-01017-00225342-00225503 with with some other conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01018-00225504-00225713 analysts called the softness of hard
+r2gySiPr_DI-01019-00225714-00225815 data
+r2gySiPr_DI-01020-00225816-00226031 and a bit like this talk today the title
+r2gySiPr_DI-01021-00226032-00226246 of that article was inspired by a Critic
+r2gySiPr_DI-01022-00226248-00226463 in this case a Critic of qualitative
+r2gySiPr_DI-01023-00226464-00226582 research
+r2gySiPr_DI-01024-00226583-00226798 so a professor on Twitter was being
+r2gySiPr_DI-01025-00226800-00227003 critical of a piece of Swedish research
+r2gySiPr_DI-01026-00227004-00227315 on children and long covid uh and this
+r2gySiPr_DI-01027-00227316-00227434 is what they said
+r2gySiPr_DI-01028-00227435-00227639 is there any data in there or is it just
+r2gySiPr_DI-01029-00227640-00227884 a list of anecdotes so they were taken
+r2gySiPr_DI-01030-00227885-00228089 to task by another professor and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01031-00228090-00228292 eventually the critic came back with
+r2gySiPr_DI-01032-00228294-00228394 this
+r2gySiPr_DI-01033-00228396-00228629 I appreciate this was poorly worded my
+r2gySiPr_DI-01034-00228630-00228767 point was more whether we should give
+r2gySiPr_DI-01035-00228767-00228989 that much weight to qualitative studies
+r2gySiPr_DI-01036-00228990-00229217 on Long covid in children before we have
+r2gySiPr_DI-01037-00229217-00229498 collected any hard data
+r2gySiPr_DI-01038-00229500-00229787 the sort of binary of hard and soft data
+r2gySiPr_DI-01039-00229788-00229973 words versus numbers qualitative
+r2gySiPr_DI-01040-00229973-00230182 quantitative it's very familiar to many
+r2gySiPr_DI-01041-00230183-00230339 of us
+r2gySiPr_DI-01042-00230340-00230482 but what does it
+r2gySiPr_DI-01043-00230483-00230729 actor generate hard data
+r2gySiPr_DI-01044-00230730-00230951 and how does social interaction and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01045-00230952-00231275 conversation maybe get in the way
+r2gySiPr_DI-01046-00231276-00231491 so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01047-00231492-00231737 a great deal of research data as we all
+r2gySiPr_DI-01048-00231738-00232163 know is generated by questions so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01049-00232164-00232456 qualitative and quantitative data comes
+r2gySiPr_DI-01050-00232457-00232751 often in response to questions and it
+r2gySiPr_DI-01051-00232752-00233027 also comes from the interactions between
+r2gySiPr_DI-01052-00233028-00233206 the researcher and the participant the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01053-00233207-00233441 experiment and the participant
+r2gySiPr_DI-01054-00233442-00233710 but we know not just from conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01055-00233711-00233932 analysis but just from our our own sort
+r2gySiPr_DI-01056-00233933-00234142 of tacit understanding of language that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01057-00234144-00234401 the way questions are constructed each
+r2gySiPr_DI-01058-00234402-00234575 word and their grammar
+r2gySiPr_DI-01059-00234576-00234773 forward and constrain the things that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01060-00234773-00234929 are going to happen next the data that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01061-00234930-00235163 is collected next in response
+r2gySiPr_DI-01062-00235164-00235331 so one of my favorite examples of this
+r2gySiPr_DI-01063-00235332-00235510 isn't conversational legit research but
+r2gySiPr_DI-01064-00235511-00235732 a classic cognitive psychology study
+r2gySiPr_DI-01065-00235733-00235894 that I remember learning about during my
+r2gySiPr_DI-01066-00235896-00236056 own degree and it's the work of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01067-00236057-00236255 Elizabeth Loftus and colleagues on
+r2gySiPr_DI-01068-00236256-00236441 eyewitness reports and an eyewitness
+r2gySiPr_DI-01069-00236442-00236675 testimony in experimental settings
+r2gySiPr_DI-01070-00236676-00236842 so they basically asked their
+r2gySiPr_DI-01071-00236844-00237106 participants to watch a video recording
+r2gySiPr_DI-01072-00237107-00237413 of a car accident and then they asked
+r2gySiPr_DI-01073-00237414-00237598 the participants to estimate the speed
+r2gySiPr_DI-01074-00237600-00237760 at which the car was traveling and then
+r2gySiPr_DI-01075-00237761-00238103 they read the verb in the question and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01076-00238104-00238258 you know you can sort of see where this
+r2gySiPr_DI-01077-00238259-00238534 is going so depending on the verb Choice
+r2gySiPr_DI-01078-00238535-00238775 people made different estimates of how
+r2gySiPr_DI-01079-00238776-00239123 fast the car was traveling
+r2gySiPr_DI-01080-00239123-00239332 one week later they then went back and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01081-00239333-00239519 asked participants whether or not there
+r2gySiPr_DI-01082-00239519-00239651 was any glass at the scene whether
+r2gySiPr_DI-01083-00239652-00239801 they'd seen glass
+r2gySiPr_DI-01084-00239802-00240046 there was no glass at the scene but
+r2gySiPr_DI-01085-00240048-00240221 those people who'd heard the smashed
+r2gySiPr_DI-01086-00240221-00240377 version of the question were more likely
+r2gySiPr_DI-01087-00240378-00240592 to report seeing glass at the scene than
+r2gySiPr_DI-01088-00240594-00240779 those who'd had the bumped version of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01089-00240780-00240905 the question
+r2gySiPr_DI-01090-00240906-00241055 so of course there's all sorts of very
+r2gySiPr_DI-01091-00241056-00241360 interesting uh applications and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01092-00241361-00241577 implications of Elizabeth loftus's work
+r2gySiPr_DI-01093-00241578-00241823 and she's she's done tremendous things
+r2gySiPr_DI-01094-00241823-00242015 to make us understand you know
+r2gySiPr_DI-01095-00242016-00242171 eyewitness testimony and also you know
+r2gySiPr_DI-01096-00242171-00242291 things that we might call leading
+r2gySiPr_DI-01097-00242292-00242465 questions and so on
+r2gySiPr_DI-01098-00242466-00242579 but let's
+r2gySiPr_DI-01099-00242580-00242723 let's take down a slightly different
+r2gySiPr_DI-01100-00242723-00242879 trajectory
+r2gySiPr_DI-01101-00242880-00243077 what if
+r2gySiPr_DI-01102-00243078-00243365 we now replaced any in this question
+r2gySiPr_DI-01103-00243366-00243563 with some
+r2gySiPr_DI-01104-00243564-00243791 and was there some glass at the scene
+r2gySiPr_DI-01105-00243792-00244091 what might we might we expect if we just
+r2gySiPr_DI-01106-00244092-00244367 change another word in the question
+r2gySiPr_DI-01107-00244367-00244601 well it might increase the number of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01108-00244602-00244751 participants reporting that they
+r2gySiPr_DI-01109-00244752-00244889 observed glass
+r2gySiPr_DI-01110-00244890-00245231 why am I saying this
+r2gySiPr_DI-01111-00245232-00245531 so um in one study that's become really
+r2gySiPr_DI-01112-00245532-00245687 famous I think in in conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01113-00245688-00245873 analytic circles conducted by John
+r2gySiPr_DI-01114-00245873-00246108 Heritage and colleagues uh in the US
+r2gySiPr_DI-01115-00246109-00246442 showed that in Primary Care settings
+r2gySiPr_DI-01116-00246444-00246623 they conducted a randomized control
+r2gySiPr_DI-01117-00246623-00246910 trial one word difference in something
+r2gySiPr_DI-01118-00246911-00247079 that the doctor said to the patients
+r2gySiPr_DI-01119-00247080-00247439 reduced patients unmet concerns in this
+r2gySiPr_DI-01120-00247440-00247589 particular setting
+r2gySiPr_DI-01121-00247590-00247834 so in primary care doctors typically
+r2gySiPr_DI-01122-00247835-00248015 open the consultation with what can I do
+r2gySiPr_DI-01123-00248016-00248260 for you today and patients typically
+r2gySiPr_DI-01124-00248261-00248489 formulate one thing in response
+r2gySiPr_DI-01125-00248490-00248698 and this issue that patients might
+r2gySiPr_DI-01126-00248700-00248956 typically say one thing even if they've
+r2gySiPr_DI-01127-00248957-00249077 got more than one thing on their mind
+r2gySiPr_DI-01128-00249078-00249275 bearing in mind this is a U.S context
+r2gySiPr_DI-01129-00249276-00249484 where you know we know that we're all
+r2gySiPr_DI-01130-00249485-00249606 kind of discouraged from having anything
+r2gySiPr_DI-01131-00249607-00249958 currently in in the UK but anyway what
+r2gySiPr_DI-01132-00249959-00250144 can I do for you today we know that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01133-00250146-00250342 people say one thing so doctors are
+r2gySiPr_DI-01134-00250344-00250487 trained to ask is there anything else
+r2gySiPr_DI-01135-00250488-00250667 that I can do for you today or anything
+r2gySiPr_DI-01136-00250667-00250853 else on your mind
+r2gySiPr_DI-01137-00250854-00251153 and what they did was establish patient
+r2gySiPr_DI-01138-00251154-00251339 groups with more than one thing to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01139-00251340-00251632 discuss by asking them before on on a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01140-00251633-00251710 survey
+r2gySiPr_DI-01141-00251711-00251915 and in one arm of the trial the doctors
+r2gySiPr_DI-01142-00251916-00252106 asked after the initial problem
+r2gySiPr_DI-01143-00252107-00252319 presentation and is there anything else
+r2gySiPr_DI-01144-00252319-00252544 and in the other arm and this is
+r2gySiPr_DI-01145-00252546-00252863 something else no variations like that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01146-00252864-00253019 and this is because conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01147-00253019-00253223 analytic research shows that the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01148-00253223-00253415 polarity of questions
+r2gySiPr_DI-01149-00253416-00253673 will tilt the response that you get so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01150-00253673-00253901 you're more likely to see no responses
+r2gySiPr_DI-01151-00253902-00254141 to anything questions and yes responses
+r2gySiPr_DI-01152-00254142-00254417 to something questions due to the fact
+r2gySiPr_DI-01153-00254417-00254603 that you can basically say yes I have
+r2gySiPr_DI-01154-00254604-00254782 something but you can't say yes I have
+r2gySiPr_DI-01155-00254783-00254956 anything it's that kind of grammatical
+r2gySiPr_DI-01156-00254957-00255208 push this kind of pushing and pulling of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01157-00255209-00255329 language that we're not really very
+r2gySiPr_DI-01158-00255330-00255592 aware of and yet it's happening
+r2gySiPr_DI-01159-00255594-00255796 and this is what they found a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01160-00255798-00255982 substantially higher number of people
+r2gySiPr_DI-01161-00255983-00256253 responding with another concern if they
+r2gySiPr_DI-01162-00256254-00256384 were asked the something version of the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01163-00256385-00256529 question than the anything version of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01164-00256530-00256823 the question
+r2gySiPr_DI-01165-00256823-00257063 so some or any
+r2gySiPr_DI-01166-00257064-00257303 altered what happened next on the sort
+r2gySiPr_DI-01167-00257304-00257560 of conversational race track of a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01168-00257561-00257813 primary care consultation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01169-00257814-00258041 some patients leave with unmet concerns
+r2gySiPr_DI-01170-00258042-00258269 feeling dissatisfied and then maybe
+r2gySiPr_DI-01171-00258269-00258539 needing to make another appointment
+r2gySiPr_DI-01172-00258540-00258767 so in my own work and in particularly in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01173-00258767-00258941 collaboration with rhinova sikvaland
+r2gySiPr_DI-01174-00258942-00259091 we've studied different race tracks
+r2gySiPr_DI-01175-00259092-00259282 different contexts and found some other
+r2gySiPr_DI-01176-00259283-00259444 surprising things about the difference
+r2gySiPr_DI-01177-00259446-00259684 that words can make
+r2gySiPr_DI-01178-00259685-00259919 so for example in work on crisis
+r2gySiPr_DI-01179-00259919-00260129 negotiation where we were studying
+r2gySiPr_DI-01180-00260130-00260351 police negotiators talking to or trying
+r2gySiPr_DI-01181-00260352-00260639 to just even get talking to people in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01182-00260640-00260789 crisis
+r2gySiPr_DI-01183-00260790-00260975 um maybe they're stood on a roof or
+r2gySiPr_DI-01184-00260976-00261160 they're about to do themselves some
+r2gySiPr_DI-01185-00261161-00261298 serious harm
+r2gySiPr_DI-01186-00261300-00261629 we found that when negotiators started
+r2gySiPr_DI-01187-00261630-00261941 with I'd like to talk to you they got
+r2gySiPr_DI-01188-00261942-00262151 far more resistance than they if they
+r2gySiPr_DI-01189-00262152-00262337 formulated a sort of dialogue Proposal
+r2gySiPr_DI-01190-00262338-00262547 with the verb to speak
+r2gySiPr_DI-01191-00262548-00262799 and so at the start of the negotiation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01192-00262800-00262979 if they you speak rather than talk they
+r2gySiPr_DI-01193-00262980-00263237 would get further faster than uh if they
+r2gySiPr_DI-01194-00263238-00263543 started with with talk and we were using
+r2gySiPr_DI-01195-00263544-00263723 recordings of actual negotiations
+r2gySiPr_DI-01196-00263724-00263945 happening and the crisis negotiators
+r2gySiPr_DI-01197-00263946-00264125 will eventually find their way through
+r2gySiPr_DI-01198-00264126-00264293 to the thing that is going to engage the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01199-00264294-00264473 person in crisis
+r2gySiPr_DI-01200-00264474-00264677 and clearly they they don't already know
+r2gySiPr_DI-01201-00264678-00264863 that one thing is making a difference
+r2gySiPr_DI-01202-00264864-00265084 because if this was already available to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01203-00265085-00265282 them as a as a strategy especially at
+r2gySiPr_DI-01204-00265283-00265439 the start of the negotiation they would
+r2gySiPr_DI-01205-00265440-00265589 just start with it
+r2gySiPr_DI-01206-00265590-00265810 but what we're doing is able to look at
+r2gySiPr_DI-01207-00265811-00266056 the actual conversations what is it that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01208-00266057-00266206 people are doing those people who are
+r2gySiPr_DI-01209-00266207-00266417 really experienced an expert what is it
+r2gySiPr_DI-01210-00266418-00266639 that they're doing and then identify and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01211-00266640-00266999 describe and share it
+r2gySiPr_DI-01212-00267000-00267149 something else that we found at the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01213-00267150-00267323 other end of a conversation back to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01214-00267324-00267551 those mediation intake calls is that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01215-00267552-00267706 callers who were asked if they were
+r2gySiPr_DI-01216-00267707-00267923 willing to mediate were more likely to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01217-00267924-00268097 become clients than those who were asked
+r2gySiPr_DI-01218-00268098-00268295 if they were interested in mediating or
+r2gySiPr_DI-01219-00268296-00268480 would like to mediate
+r2gySiPr_DI-01220-00268481-00268684 and the placement of this example at the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01221-00268685-00268877 end of the conversation isn't just a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01222-00268878-00269117 design thing about the slide to fill the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01223-00269118-00269387 space it's that actually willing worked
+r2gySiPr_DI-01224-00269388-00269706 at the end of the call so if if
+r2gySiPr_DI-01225-00269707-00269951 mediators asked people at the start of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01226-00269952-00270065 the call whether they were willing to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01227-00270066-00270275 mediate they didn't get a strong an
+r2gySiPr_DI-01228-00270276-00270413 uptake or they would get resistance
+r2gySiPr_DI-01229-00270414-00270563 whereas at the end of the call
+r2gySiPr_DI-01230-00270564-00270808 especially after resistance willing
+r2gySiPr_DI-01231-00270809-00271073 would get that turn around point and the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01232-00271074-00271289 caller would become a client
+r2gySiPr_DI-01233-00271290-00271505 so it's not just the words you use and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01234-00271506-00271673 of course it's also you know the kind of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01235-00271674-00271810 action that you're put you you can't
+r2gySiPr_DI-01236-00271811-00271973 just say talk and people will talk or
+r2gySiPr_DI-01237-00271974-00272129 speak or willing there has to be it's
+r2gySiPr_DI-01238-00272130-00272339 embedded in something but where it
+r2gySiPr_DI-01239-00272340-00272495 happens in the conversation matters as
+r2gySiPr_DI-01240-00272496-00272843 well
+r2gySiPr_DI-01241-00272844-00273053 another place where interaction might
+r2gySiPr_DI-01242-00273054-00273245 get in the way of of hard data
+r2gySiPr_DI-01243-00273246-00273521 collection is in the laboratory itself
+r2gySiPr_DI-01244-00273522-00273797 in the sort of the gold standard
+r2gySiPr_DI-01245-00273798-00274025 environment for collecting reliable and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01246-00274026-00274271 valid quantitative data sets
+r2gySiPr_DI-01247-00274272-00274451 but there's very little scrutiny of what
+r2gySiPr_DI-01248-00274452-00274637 actually happens inside the black box of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01249-00274638-00274877 experimentation and I guess most of you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01250-00274878-00275056 will be familiar with the clip that's
+r2gySiPr_DI-01251-00275057-00275267 playing here on the screen it's
+r2gySiPr_DI-01252-00275268-00275699 milgram's work on obedience to Authority
+r2gySiPr_DI-01253-00275700-00275951 very very widely discussed across
+r2gySiPr_DI-01254-00275952-00276119 psychology and the social sciences for
+r2gySiPr_DI-01255-00276120-00276269 all sorts of reasons
+r2gySiPr_DI-01256-00276270-00276473 but in the last 10 years or so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01257-00276474-00276641 researchers have gained access to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01258-00276642-00276905 Milgram archives which included lots and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01259-00276906-00277067 lots of recordings of the experiments
+r2gySiPr_DI-01260-00277068-00277234 taking place
+r2gySiPr_DI-01261-00277235-00277475 and until this point as one of the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01262-00277476-00277630 researchers says we we didn't really
+r2gySiPr_DI-01263-00277631-00277780 know very much about the detail of what
+r2gySiPr_DI-01264-00277781-00278123 was going on in the Milgram Laboratory
+r2gySiPr_DI-01265-00278124-00278430 and what they found was that basically
+r2gySiPr_DI-01266-00278431-00278680 unlike what we might expect when we read
+r2gySiPr_DI-01267-00278681-00278837 about experimental methods where
+r2gySiPr_DI-01268-00278838-00279023 everything is kind of done the same way
+r2gySiPr_DI-01269-00279024-00279173 this over and over again to kind of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01270-00279174-00279419 reduce problematic variables creeping in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01271-00279420-00279671 in fact participants could draw the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01272-00279672-00279875 experimenter into a process of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01273-00279876-00280067 negotiation over the continuation of the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01274-00280068-00280306 experimental session resulting in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01275-00280307-00280589 radical departures from the standardized
+r2gySiPr_DI-01276-00280590-00280871 experimental procedure
+r2gySiPr_DI-01277-00280872-00281056 there are many examples across
+r2gySiPr_DI-01278-00281057-00281273 conversational analytic research across
+r2gySiPr_DI-01279-00281274-00281555 all of our disciplines that show all
+r2gySiPr_DI-01280-00281556-00281723 sorts of things like we think this is
+r2gySiPr_DI-01281-00281724-00281860 standardized but when you look at the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01282-00281861-00282065 encounter it isn't or we think there's a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01283-00282066-00282221 rubric being followed to the letter on
+r2gySiPr_DI-01284-00282222-00282341 the page but when you look at the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01285-00282342-00282647 interaction it isn't the interactional
+r2gySiPr_DI-01286-00282648-00282958 imperative gets in the way and hard data
+r2gySiPr_DI-01287-00282959-00283151 becomes increasingly
+r2gySiPr_DI-01288-00283152-00283415 less hard or just more maybe more
+r2gySiPr_DI-01289-00283416-00283643 interesting
+r2gySiPr_DI-01290-00283644-00283871 so to go back to the critic of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01291-00283872-00284039 qualitative data and the proponent of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01292-00284040-00284327 hard data Maybe we're going to flip this
+r2gySiPr_DI-01293-00284328-00284584 criticism and instead say how much
+r2gySiPr_DI-01294-00284585-00284729 weight should we give to quantitative
+r2gySiPr_DI-01295-00284730-00284917 studies that relate to complex
+r2gySiPr_DI-01296-00284918-00285173 real-world problems and processes until
+r2gySiPr_DI-01297-00285174-00285347 we understand something of the ways in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01298-00285348-00285755 which the data were collected
+r2gySiPr_DI-01299-00285756-00286043 okay final session final section focuses
+r2gySiPr_DI-01300-00286044-00286210 on what I'm calling conversational
+r2gySiPr_DI-01301-00286211-00286529 products by which I mean things that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01302-00286530-00286810 people do to sort of Leverage uh
+r2gySiPr_DI-01303-00286811-00287032 conversation and communication in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01304-00287033-00287273 various applied ways
+r2gySiPr_DI-01305-00287274-00287501 so if you're designing communication
+r2gySiPr_DI-01306-00287502-00287771 guidance or training or you're assessing
+r2gySiPr_DI-01307-00287772-00288010 people's communication skills or you're
+r2gySiPr_DI-01308-00288011-00288232 building AI augmented conversational
+r2gySiPr_DI-01309-00288233-00288545 systems what kinds of talk should we be
+r2gySiPr_DI-01310-00288546-00289115 training or assessing or scripting
+r2gySiPr_DI-01311-00289116-00289234 especially
+r2gySiPr_DI-01312-00289235-00289451 since conversation analyst analysis
+r2gySiPr_DI-01313-00289452-00289589 tells us that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01314-00289590-00289853 it we don't really know how we talk when
+r2gySiPr_DI-01315-00289854-00290189 we go meta on it and our research yields
+r2gySiPr_DI-01316-00290190-00290399 imperative branded results at variants
+r2gySiPr_DI-01317-00290400-00290584 with how we sort of think we do things
+r2gySiPr_DI-01318-00290585-00290806 in conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01319-00290807-00291071 so let's start with a very basic action
+r2gySiPr_DI-01320-00291072-00291269 something that we all do in in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01321-00291270-00291503 conversation a request and I want you to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01322-00291504-00291784 imagine that you need to ask for a lift
+r2gySiPr_DI-01323-00291785-00291958 because your car's broken down so you're
+r2gySiPr_DI-01324-00291959-00292103 phoning a friend you're asking for a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01325-00292104-00292313 lift how are you going to do it
+r2gySiPr_DI-01326-00292314-00292937 let's have a look at people doing that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01327-00292938-00293327 hello
+r2gySiPr_DI-01328-00293328-00293782 hi Daddy
+r2gySiPr_DI-01329-00293783-00294227 oh
+r2gySiPr_DI-01330-00294228-00294732 don't understand
+r2gySiPr_DI-01331-00294733-00295084 yeah and I know you want and I will and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01332-00295085-00295282 I would but except I've got to leave in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01333-00295283-00295637 about five minutes
+r2gySiPr_DI-01334-00295638-00295732 okay
+r2gySiPr_DI-01335-00295733-00296015 bye
+r2gySiPr_DI-01336-00296016-00296308 okay so all you hopefully need to say
+r2gySiPr_DI-01337-00296309-00296537 about this at the very basic point which
+r2gySiPr_DI-01338-00296538-00296806 is there's no explicit request and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01339-00296807-00297065 there's no explicit declination yet it's
+r2gySiPr_DI-01340-00297066-00297239 completely understandable by the parties
+r2gySiPr_DI-01341-00297240-00297455 there's a request for something and a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01342-00297456-00297677 declination of that thing and if you're
+r2gySiPr_DI-01343-00297678-00297832 not picking that up we need to talk
+r2gySiPr_DI-01344-00297833-00298151 later about your communication skills
+r2gySiPr_DI-01345-00298152-00298313 Okay so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01346-00298314-00298571 there's a request uh for a lift what
+r2gySiPr_DI-01347-00298572-00298787 about making a request for service at
+r2gySiPr_DI-01348-00298788-00298901 the Vets
+r2gySiPr_DI-01349-00298902-00299080 here's a couple of examples of callers
+r2gySiPr_DI-01350-00299081-00299332 phoning the vet about their pet
+r2gySiPr_DI-01351-00299333-00300125 okay
+r2gySiPr_DI-01352-00300126-00300305 hello one of the possible to make an
+r2gySiPr_DI-01353-00300306-00300521 appointment for my account tomorrow for
+r2gySiPr_DI-01354-00300522-00300623 a follow-up
+r2gySiPr_DI-01355-00300624-00300958 um I have an operation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01356-00300959-00301103 so you might see some differences
+r2gySiPr_DI-01357-00301104-00301379 between these two calls first one
+r2gySiPr_DI-01358-00301380-00301582 requires the receptionist to provide a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01359-00301583-00301697 price
+r2gySiPr_DI-01360-00301698-00301949 second one requires the receptionist to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01361-00301950-00302129 navigate the appointment system and try
+r2gySiPr_DI-01362-00302130-00302339 to navigate that with the caller's
+r2gySiPr_DI-01363-00302340-00302506 calendar
+r2gySiPr_DI-01364-00302507-00302777 the second one is the most common kind
+r2gySiPr_DI-01365-00302778-00303005 of request the appointment
+r2gySiPr_DI-01366-00303006-00303253 the first one is not a common request
+r2gySiPr_DI-01367-00303254-00303563 unless you're a mystery shopper
+r2gySiPr_DI-01368-00303564-00303784 phoning to test out and report back on
+r2gySiPr_DI-01369-00303785-00303947 how good this person is at taking your
+r2gySiPr_DI-01370-00303948-00304043 call
+r2gySiPr_DI-01371-00304044-00304258 and it turns out that mystery shoppers
+r2gySiPr_DI-01372-00304259-00304463 playing the part of pet owners aren't
+r2gySiPr_DI-01373-00304464-00304606 actually very good at playing the part
+r2gySiPr_DI-01374-00304607-00304751 of pet owners
+r2gySiPr_DI-01375-00304752-00304973 if you just hear one you probably don't
+r2gySiPr_DI-01376-00304974-00305093 know that you're talking to a mystery
+r2gySiPr_DI-01377-00305094-00305243 shopper but when you start to look at
+r2gySiPr_DI-01378-00305244-00305465 quite a lot you start to see that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01379-00305466-00305729 mystery shoppers just don't give the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01380-00305730-00305939 same kinds of requests in the same kinds
+r2gySiPr_DI-01381-00305940-00306299 of ways to the people uh who are taking
+r2gySiPr_DI-01382-00306300-00306671 their call yet at the same time they are
+r2gySiPr_DI-01383-00306672-00306971 going to go back and report on how good
+r2gySiPr_DI-01384-00306972-00307156 that service was
+r2gySiPr_DI-01385-00307157-00307354 You could argue that's quite outrageous
+r2gySiPr_DI-01386-00307355-00307529 no one's really looking at what the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01387-00307530-00307703 mystery shoppers are doing
+r2gySiPr_DI-01388-00307704-00307960 and then you can also maybe see through
+r2gySiPr_DI-01389-00307961-00308110 those technical transcripts that there
+r2gySiPr_DI-01390-00308111-00308254 are some other little details there that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01391-00308255-00308506 also varied systematically so if you're
+r2gySiPr_DI-01392-00308507-00308663 a mystery shopper you're more likely to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01393-00308664-00308980 ask about a a pet but if you're phoning
+r2gySiPr_DI-01394-00308981-00309119 about your animal you're more likely to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01395-00309120-00309473 talk about my dog if you are a mystery
+r2gySiPr_DI-01396-00309474-00309665 shopper you're more likely to stumble in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01397-00309666-00309869 the production of the kind of animal
+r2gySiPr_DI-01398-00309870-00310127 as you can see their new puppy
+r2gySiPr_DI-01399-00310128-00310337 whereas if you're a real pet owner you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01400-00310338-00310547 are still likely to do an ones and ours
+r2gySiPr_DI-01401-00310548-00310643 but they're going to be somewhere else
+r2gySiPr_DI-01402-00310644-00310810 they're more likely to be
+r2gySiPr_DI-01403-00310811-00311099 um about in the bit where you talk about
+r2gySiPr_DI-01404-00311100-00311369 the service that you want
+r2gySiPr_DI-01405-00311370-00311554 so we're starting to see again the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01406-00311555-00311717 detail matters and maybe maybe it
+r2gySiPr_DI-01407-00311718-00311879 doesn't matter that much but you know I
+r2gySiPr_DI-01408-00311880-00311980 think some of these things really do
+r2gySiPr_DI-01409-00311981-00312227 matter and there's the more you know the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01410-00312228-00312389 the more serious and high-stakes
+r2gySiPr_DI-01411-00312390-00312527 settings that you start to look at you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01412-00312528-00312832 start to see is it is it okay that we
+r2gySiPr_DI-01413-00312833-00313006 are passing and failing people for
+r2gySiPr_DI-01414-00313007-00313241 example in a simulation in this
+r2gySiPr_DI-01415-00313242-00313384 particular environment this particular
+r2gySiPr_DI-01416-00313385-00313582 cohort of Medics or whatever it is on
+r2gySiPr_DI-01417-00313583-00313715 the basis of things that we imagine
+r2gySiPr_DI-01418-00313716-00314141 people should be doing in conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01419-00314142-00314332 okay what about if you're designing the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01420-00314333-00314554 way Alexa or a conversational user
+r2gySiPr_DI-01421-00314555-00314795 interface asks a question
+r2gySiPr_DI-01422-00314796-00314963 you might give its voice Rising
+r2gySiPr_DI-01423-00314964-00315184 intonation right
+r2gySiPr_DI-01424-00315185-00315358 have a listen to this this is a patient
+r2gySiPr_DI-01425-00315359-00315508 these are real don't worry I'm not good
+r2gySiPr_DI-01426-00315509-00315665 these are this is a real patient and a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01427-00315666-00315845 real receptionist uh asking each other
+r2gySiPr_DI-01428-00315846-00316128 questions on the phone
+r2gySiPr_DI-01429-00316129-00316258 [Music]
+r2gySiPr_DI-01430-00316259-00316517 routine
+r2gySiPr_DI-01431-00316518-00316684 through the anonymization you should be
+r2gySiPr_DI-01432-00316685-00316804 able to hear that those are both
+r2gySiPr_DI-01433-00316805-00316949 questions and they both have falling
+r2gySiPr_DI-01434-00316950-00317099 intonation at the end
+r2gySiPr_DI-01435-00317100-00317356 so while some questions do have Rising
+r2gySiPr_DI-01436-00317357-00317615 intonation many don't and it was this
+r2gySiPr_DI-01437-00317616-00317849 this nugget of something that is you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01438-00317850-00318023 know every conversation analyst knows
+r2gySiPr_DI-01439-00318024-00318251 that I'd written about in a book on
+r2gySiPr_DI-01440-00318252-00318460 conversational analysis and which had a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01441-00318461-00318706 section on myth busting that a woman
+r2gySiPr_DI-01442-00318707-00318929 from Google Kathy Pearl who was at the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01443-00318930-00319139 time the lead conversation designer for
+r2gySiPr_DI-01444-00319140-00319384 the Google Assistant had found and got
+r2gySiPr_DI-01445-00319385-00319553 in touch to say I'm going to tweak the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01446-00319554-00319697 voice of the Google Assistant when it's
+r2gySiPr_DI-01447-00319698-00319913 asking questions and and guess what now
+r2gySiPr_DI-01448-00319914-00320099 it sounds more authentic
+r2gySiPr_DI-01449-00320100-00320375 so myself and Kathy and my other
+r2gySiPr_DI-01450-00320376-00320549 colleague here Saul Albert are starting
+r2gySiPr_DI-01451-00320550-00320723 to try to bring together the worlds of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01452-00320724-00320879 conversation design which everywhere
+r2gySiPr_DI-01453-00320880-00321137 writing your chat Bots and conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01454-00321138-00321365 analysis so that you can just you know
+r2gySiPr_DI-01455-00321366-00321527 figure out how it is that people are
+r2gySiPr_DI-01456-00321528-00321658 talk so if you're getting these
+r2gySiPr_DI-01457-00321659-00321910 assistants to ask questions that they
+r2gySiPr_DI-01458-00321911-00322097 they sound you know authentic it's the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01459-00322098-00322367 way we actually do it Alexa and Amazon
+r2gySiPr_DI-01460-00322368-00322541 haven't haven't encountered our services
+r2gySiPr_DI-01461-00322542-00322841 yet so here's an Alexa asking a question
+r2gySiPr_DI-01462-00322842-00323087 of the day uh and this is from Saul
+r2gySiPr_DI-01463-00323088-00323351 Albert's data which is the following
+r2gySiPr_DI-01464-00323352-00323669 country flags does not include across
+r2gySiPr_DI-01465-00323670-00323843 if that doesn't sound weird to you then
+r2gySiPr_DI-01466-00323844-00324053 again you're not really listening to how
+r2gySiPr_DI-01467-00324054-00324221 where the intonation is generally going
+r2gySiPr_DI-01468-00324222-00324395 at the end of a question
+r2gySiPr_DI-01469-00324396-00324719 so if we actually do falling intonation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01470-00324720-00324875 we produce it when we're asking
+r2gySiPr_DI-01471-00324876-00325121 questions but we imagine something else
+r2gySiPr_DI-01472-00325122-00325313 because people just tell us that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01473-00325314-00325504 questions have that Rising intonation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01474-00325505-00325829 then of course like here we're risking
+r2gySiPr_DI-01475-00325830-00326069 building all sorts of biases and myths
+r2gySiPr_DI-01476-00326070-00326249 into conversation design
+r2gySiPr_DI-01477-00326250-00326477 as well as failing to just you know
+r2gySiPr_DI-01478-00326478-00326639 let's again why are we running away from
+r2gySiPr_DI-01479-00326640-00326806 looking at how people actually talk and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01480-00326807-00327023 trying to build some of that you know
+r2gySiPr_DI-01481-00327024-00327203 this 50 years worth of research we could
+r2gySiPr_DI-01482-00327204-00327329 be building in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01483-00327330-00327887 um to have to to these kinds of products
+r2gySiPr_DI-01484-00327888-00328151 final example is a call to 9-1-1
+r2gySiPr_DI-01485-00328152-00328403 Emergency Services
+r2gySiPr_DI-01486-00328404-00328625 I'm going to play it and just let you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01487-00328626-00328901 think about it as it rolls out and as it
+r2gySiPr_DI-01488-00328902-00329093 rolls out I want you to ask yourself at
+r2gySiPr_DI-01489-00329094-00329453 what point and in and how come the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01490-00329454-00329656 police dispatcher is starting to figure
+r2gySiPr_DI-01491-00329657-00329908 out what's going on in this call
+r2gySiPr_DI-01492-00329909-00330082 and I suppose I especially want you to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01493-00330083-00330293 watch out for points of overlap where
+r2gySiPr_DI-01494-00330294-00330569 the talkers are talking at the same time
+r2gySiPr_DI-01495-00330570-00331266 so here it comes
+r2gySiPr_DI-01496-00331267-00331432 [Applause]
+r2gySiPr_DI-01497-00331433-00331708 I'd like to order a pizza for delivery
+r2gySiPr_DI-01498-00331709-00331913 damn you reach 9-1-1 this is an
+r2gySiPr_DI-01499-00331914-00332321 emergency one uh
+r2gySiPr_DI-01500-00332322-00332506 um you know you've called 9-1-1 this is
+r2gySiPr_DI-01501-00332507-00332801 an emergency line how long it'll be okay
+r2gySiPr_DI-01502-00332802-00333010 ma'am is everything okay over there do
+r2gySiPr_DI-01503-00333011-00333277 you have an emergency or not yes
+r2gySiPr_DI-01504-00333278-00333539 and you're unable to talk because right
+r2gySiPr_DI-01505-00333540-00333606 right
+r2gySiPr_DI-01506-00333607-00333817 is there someone in the room with you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01507-00333818-00334103 just say yes or no
+r2gySiPr_DI-01508-00334104-00334295 yes
+r2gySiPr_DI-01509-00334296-00334363 okay
+r2gySiPr_DI-01510-00334364-00334408 [Music]
+r2gySiPr_DI-01511-00334409-00334573 um
+r2gySiPr_DI-01512-00334574-00334847 like I have an officer about a mile from
+r2gySiPr_DI-01513-00334848-00335021 your location are there any weapons in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01514-00335022-00335243 your house no can you stay on the phone
+r2gySiPr_DI-01515-00335244-00335899 with me no see you soon thank you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01516-00335900-00336095 so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01517-00336096-00336382 people often imagine that the reason
+r2gySiPr_DI-01518-00336383-00336556 that this police dispatcher knows that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01519-00336557-00336695 this is a genuine request is because
+r2gySiPr_DI-01520-00336696-00336832 they're calling the police
+r2gySiPr_DI-01521-00336833-00336995 so you can ask for a pizza and because
+r2gySiPr_DI-01522-00336996-00337156 you're calling the police they will kind
+r2gySiPr_DI-01523-00337157-00337313 of figure it out because the context
+r2gySiPr_DI-01524-00337314-00337541 gives you the answer
+r2gySiPr_DI-01525-00337542-00337823 but actually you may not know that that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01526-00337824-00338032 a lot of calls to the police are not
+r2gySiPr_DI-01527-00338033-00338182 genuine they're malicious they're
+r2gySiPr_DI-01528-00338183-00338351 accidental they're a nuisance type of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01529-00338352-00338603 call and so one of the this sort of big
+r2gySiPr_DI-01530-00338604-00338777 tasks of the dispatchers is to figure
+r2gySiPr_DI-01531-00338778-00339071 out which of these calls are genuine so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01532-00339072-00339280 just because you put some words into a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01533-00339281-00339430 conversation to the police doesn't mean
+r2gySiPr_DI-01534-00339431-00339569 that you're going to be treated as
+r2gySiPr_DI-01535-00339570-00339810 making a genuine uh request for
+r2gySiPr_DI-01536-00339811-00340079 assistance as in as we see in this case
+r2gySiPr_DI-01537-00340080-00340277 here
+r2gySiPr_DI-01538-00340278-00340534 we can also start to see the the points
+r2gySiPr_DI-01539-00340535-00340684 at which the dispatcher starts to figure
+r2gySiPr_DI-01540-00340685-00340865 it out and one of the things that is
+r2gySiPr_DI-01541-00340866-00341051 very interesting that we have started to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01542-00341052-00341332 see in other calls as well is these
+r2gySiPr_DI-01543-00341333-00341471 moments of overlap
+r2gySiPr_DI-01544-00341472-00341723 so how do you sound like you're ordering
+r2gySiPr_DI-01545-00341724-00341867 pizza
+r2gySiPr_DI-01546-00341868-00342089 just the person who is overhearing you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01547-00342090-00342347 and is in the house but at the same time
+r2gySiPr_DI-01548-00342348-00342527 the person who is on the other end of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01549-00342528-00342701 the conversation can hear you as as
+r2gySiPr_DI-01550-00342702-00343001 genuinely requiring assistance and you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01551-00343002-00343187 can see that these overlaps these
+r2gySiPr_DI-01552-00343188-00343349 placements of these turns is is
+r2gySiPr_DI-01553-00343350-00343606 definitely key to it because when we
+r2gySiPr_DI-01554-00343607-00343804 look at other calls where there is as
+r2gySiPr_DI-01555-00343805-00344027 far as we know it's a genuine nuisance
+r2gySiPr_DI-01556-00344028-00344249 call if you like or we see calls like
+r2gySiPr_DI-01557-00344250-00344482 this the overlaps are present or absent
+r2gySiPr_DI-01558-00344483-00344645 and it seems to be a real component
+r2gySiPr_DI-01559-00344646-00344945 feature of how do you be how do you say
+r2gySiPr_DI-01560-00344946-00345143 show that you're being something else to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01561-00345144-00345454 the person on the other end of the phone
+r2gySiPr_DI-01562-00345455-00345599 so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01563-00345600-00345779 we've written a couple of things about
+r2gySiPr_DI-01564-00345780-00345880 this
+r2gySiPr_DI-01565-00345881-00346103 um so with Saul and William Housley
+r2gySiPr_DI-01566-00346104-00346391 we've looked at this call in relation to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01567-00346392-00346691 you know how do you think about this in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01568-00346692-00346877 relation to designing conversational
+r2gySiPr_DI-01569-00346878-00347134 user interfaces and so on so what
+r2gySiPr_DI-01570-00347135-00347339 happens if you ask Alexa I'd like to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01571-00347340-00347543 order a pizza for delivery you can all
+r2gySiPr_DI-01572-00347544-00347699 go and try it tonight but it's not going
+r2gySiPr_DI-01573-00347700-00347915 to send the police and how would you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01574-00347916-00348143 ever get an Alexa to understand that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01575-00348144-00348454 level of sort of pragmatic purpose in a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01576-00348455-00348743 conversation maybe we'll get there but
+r2gySiPr_DI-01577-00348744-00348929 you can see the challenges when you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01578-00348930-00349145 think about back to even how do you ask
+r2gySiPr_DI-01579-00349146-00349360 for a lift and how do you say no to a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01580-00349361-00349517 lift when no one asked for a lift and no
+r2gySiPr_DI-01581-00349518-00349691 one said no to a lift and yet we totally
+r2gySiPr_DI-01582-00349692-00349930 understand that that was happening
+r2gySiPr_DI-01583-00349931-00350189 and then um in a more recent paper with
+r2gySiPr_DI-01584-00350190-00350429 Emma Richardson we we've looked at how
+r2gySiPr_DI-01585-00350430-00350549 is it that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01586-00350550-00350813 callers manage and call takers somehow
+r2gySiPr_DI-01587-00350814-00350999 together manage to hear
+r2gySiPr_DI-01588-00351000-00351160 despite the fact that I'm not asking you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01589-00351161-00351419 for help you are able to hear that I'm
+r2gySiPr_DI-01590-00351420-00351634 genuinely asking for help and so we've
+r2gySiPr_DI-01591-00351635-00351803 got another nice example of very like
+r2gySiPr_DI-01592-00351804-00352121 the pizza one in British data where the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01593-00352122-00352432 caller starts by saying Hi how are you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01594-00352433-00352595 you know that totally pointless thing
+r2gySiPr_DI-01595-00352596-00352684 that happens at the start of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01596-00352685-00352817 conversations that tell you nothing and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01597-00352818-00353099 everyone's meant to lie if they weren't
+r2gySiPr_DI-01598-00353100-00353303 there at the start of conversations in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01599-00353304-00353447 ways that are totally hearable as
+r2gySiPr_DI-01600-00353448-00353687 talking to a friend then that caller
+r2gySiPr_DI-01601-00353688-00353837 wouldn't have been able to sound like
+r2gySiPr_DI-01602-00353838-00354017 she was talking to a friend to the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01603-00354018-00354358 person who was in the room
+r2gySiPr_DI-01604-00354359-00354658 so to come to a conclusion then uh three
+r2gySiPr_DI-01605-00354659-00354977 quick points to sort of reiterate
+r2gySiPr_DI-01606-00354978-00355241 we talked about the problem of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01607-00355242-00355475 psychology this this issue that's you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01608-00355476-00355619 know very interesting to me as a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01609-00355620-00355793 psychologist over the years and to see
+r2gySiPr_DI-01610-00355794-00356045 how much of you know what we imagine
+r2gySiPr_DI-01611-00356046-00356206 psychologists are up to doesn't really
+r2gySiPr_DI-01612-00356207-00356380 figure in academic psychology you know
+r2gySiPr_DI-01613-00356381-00356519 it's a constant source of disappointment
+r2gySiPr_DI-01614-00356520-00356680 to friends that I'm not actually
+r2gySiPr_DI-01615-00356681-00356830 analyzing them all the time and I can't
+r2gySiPr_DI-01616-00356831-00356975 help them with their dreams and all of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01617-00356976-00357154 those things but but at the same time
+r2gySiPr_DI-01618-00357155-00357377 conversation analysts are there to to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01619-00357378-00357563 kind of do some of the work that we
+r2gySiPr_DI-01620-00357564-00357971 might imagine psychologists are doing
+r2gySiPr_DI-01621-00357972-00358127 when it comes to things like
+r2gySiPr_DI-01622-00358128-00358325 conversational products conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01623-00358326-00358649 analysts can identify describe and share
+r2gySiPr_DI-01624-00358650-00358978 what communication or experience or
+r2gySiPr_DI-01625-00358979-00359230 expertise or effective practices what do
+r2gySiPr_DI-01626-00359231-00359389 they actually look like
+r2gySiPr_DI-01627-00359390-00359621 and then finally
+r2gySiPr_DI-01628-00359622-00359878 we all talk but we maybe don't really
+r2gySiPr_DI-01629-00359879-00360119 know how post-hoccon reflection is
+r2gySiPr_DI-01630-00360120-00360382 really strange when we go meta so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01631-00360383-00360628 nullius inverber which I learned when I
+r2gySiPr_DI-01632-00360629-00360832 was putting this talk to together today
+r2gySiPr_DI-01633-00360833-00361097 is the Royal society's motto and it
+r2gySiPr_DI-01634-00361098-00361295 means or it's taken to mean take
+r2gySiPr_DI-01635-00361296-00361541 nobody's word for it until you've seen
+r2gySiPr_DI-01636-00361542-00361739 the evidence
+r2gySiPr_DI-01637-00361740-00361865 so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01638-00361866-00362007 thank you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01639-00362008-00362723 [Applause]
+r2gySiPr_DI-01640-00362724-00362980 okay well now now you get just just five
+r2gySiPr_DI-01641-00362981-00363353 minutes of me I'm Dr John Sutton I am a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01642-00363354-00363628 chartered psychologist as well as uh
+r2gySiPr_DI-01643-00363629-00363863 editor of the psychologist the magazine
+r2gySiPr_DI-01644-00363864-00364204 of the British psychological Society uh
+r2gySiPr_DI-01645-00364205-00364469 you can find us on Twitter at psych Mac
+r2gySiPr_DI-01646-00364470-00364691 where I've done a bit of a thread there
+r2gySiPr_DI-01647-00364692-00364975 while Liz was talking about some of the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01648-00364976-00365375 articles that cover her work but there's
+r2gySiPr_DI-01649-00365376-00365615 I'll start with a bit of a confession I
+r2gySiPr_DI-01650-00365616-00365975 suppose a bit of a irony maybe that I'm
+r2gySiPr_DI-01651-00365976-00366301 acting as discussant here because I left
+r2gySiPr_DI-01652-00366302-00366628 Academia 23 years ago in large part
+r2gySiPr_DI-01653-00366629-00366839 because I felt hopelessly out of my
+r2gySiPr_DI-01654-00366840-00367091 depth when it came to research methods
+r2gySiPr_DI-01655-00367092-00367354 so it feels strange being discussed in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01656-00367355-00367577 the National Center for research methods
+r2gySiPr_DI-01657-00367578-00367937 award lecture even back then as a PhD
+r2gySiPr_DI-01658-00367938-00368195 student and in the year or so that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01659-00368196-00368591 followed I wanted to tell stories
+r2gySiPr_DI-01660-00368592-00368837 um I knew that methods and Analysis were
+r2gySiPr_DI-01661-00368838-00369041 going to be Central to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01662-00369042-00369299 how I told those stories around my own
+r2gySiPr_DI-01663-00369300-00369634 research and even to knowing what
+r2gySiPr_DI-01664-00369635-00369851 stories were out there waiting to be
+r2gySiPr_DI-01665-00369852-00370067 discovered
+r2gySiPr_DI-01666-00370068-00370295 um and I understood that scraping by
+r2gySiPr_DI-01667-00370296-00370577 with a bit of spoons Rank and an over
+r2gySiPr_DI-01668-00370578-00370847 wasn't going to be conducive to telling
+r2gySiPr_DI-01669-00370848-00371099 stories that really engaged and informed
+r2gySiPr_DI-01670-00371100-00371458 a wide audience so I jumped shipped to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01671-00371459-00371663 edit the psychologist which was
+r2gySiPr_DI-01672-00371664-00371927 effectively telling uh stories of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01673-00371928-00372065 psychology
+r2gySiPr_DI-01674-00372066-00372460 and back in 2013 we got to hear lizard's
+r2gySiPr_DI-01675-00372461-00372689 story in the magazine and ever since
+r2gySiPr_DI-01676-00372690-00372982 then I've been drawn to her work and to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01677-00372983-00373258 conversation analysis in general
+r2gySiPr_DI-01678-00373259-00373504 and I thought that some consideration of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01679-00373505-00373882 why might allow me to reflect briefly on
+r2gySiPr_DI-01680-00373883-00374104 the lecture that we've just heard and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01681-00374105-00374375 set us up for questions
+r2gySiPr_DI-01682-00374376-00374495 so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01683-00374496-00374728 there's three reasons I think and the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01684-00374729-00375143 first is that I'm engaged by change
+r2gySiPr_DI-01685-00375144-00375430 um as we'll store rights in the science
+r2gySiPr_DI-01686-00375431-00375706 of Storytelling we all are
+r2gySiPr_DI-01687-00375707-00375958 from the very first single-celled
+r2gySiPr_DI-01688-00375959-00376277 organism we have evolved to detect and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01689-00376278-00376504 respond to change we are change
+r2gySiPr_DI-01690-00376505-00376858 detectors and it's there it's everywhere
+r2gySiPr_DI-01691-00376859-00377165 in stories and once you know that and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01692-00377166-00377375 you start seeing it particularly at the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01693-00377376-00377806 start of all sorts of books and films
+r2gySiPr_DI-01694-00377807-00377951 and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01695-00377952-00378178 it's also there in many of the articles
+r2gySiPr_DI-01696-00378179-00378413 that have kind of done best on our
+r2gySiPr_DI-01697-00378414-00378658 website on the psychologists website so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01698-00378659-00378971 for example Annie Hickox wrote for us in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01699-00378972-00379187 2019 and I'm just going to read you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01700-00379188-00379480 briefly how that piece started
+r2gySiPr_DI-01701-00379481-00379678 and I always point out that I didn't
+r2gySiPr_DI-01702-00379679-00379949 edit this at all this was exactly how it
+r2gySiPr_DI-01703-00379950-00380134 how it came in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01704-00380135-00380399 so she starts I was cooking dinner one
+r2gySiPr_DI-01705-00380400-00380656 barmy sweet scented summer evening when
+r2gySiPr_DI-01706-00380657-00380945 our daughter Jane called me phone calls
+r2gySiPr_DI-01707-00380946-00381154 particularly on the house phone were not
+r2gySiPr_DI-01708-00381155-00381317 our two daughters preferred form of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01709-00381318-00381437 communication
+r2gySiPr_DI-01710-00381438-00381682 I was accustomed to Long strings of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01711-00381683-00381923 WhatsApp messages or even days of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01712-00381924-00382103 Silence when Jane and her older sister
+r2gySiPr_DI-01713-00382104-00382306 Alice were busy with studies work or
+r2gySiPr_DI-01714-00382307-00382565 friends in London I figured Jane was
+r2gySiPr_DI-01715-00382566-00382756 calling to discuss the plans they had
+r2gySiPr_DI-01716-00382757-00382967 made for their upcoming trip to work in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01717-00382968-00383189 the states over the summer sometimes a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01718-00383190-00383399 real-time discussion is best for
+r2gySiPr_DI-01719-00383400-00383645 fine-tuning and planning
+r2gySiPr_DI-01720-00383646-00383951 after her initial hello I couldn't hear
+r2gySiPr_DI-01721-00383952-00384341 her voice are you okay I asked there was
+r2gySiPr_DI-01722-00384342-00384539 a pause and then
+r2gySiPr_DI-01723-00384540-00384821 mum I can't do anything
+r2gySiPr_DI-01724-00384822-00385073 I gently asked her what she meant but my
+r2gySiPr_DI-01725-00385074-00385378 heart already ate with knowing
+r2gySiPr_DI-01726-00385379-00385637 so in that example something has clearly
+r2gySiPr_DI-01727-00385638-00385877 changed and actually I think is is about
+r2gySiPr_DI-01728-00385878-00386182 to change uh and of course I also use
+r2gySiPr_DI-01729-00386183-00386351 this example because I thought it's the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01730-00386352-00386597 kind of exchange that Liz might study
+r2gySiPr_DI-01731-00386598-00386813 herself she might want to examine the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01732-00386814-00387041 length of that pause she'd probably
+r2gySiPr_DI-01733-00387042-00387401 notice the hello as a kind of Stark and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01734-00387402-00387749 unusual way of opening a call
+r2gySiPr_DI-01735-00387750-00387971 and that leads me to the second reason
+r2gySiPr_DI-01736-00387972-00388139 why I think I'm particularly drawn to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01737-00388140-00388447 Liz's work I love that she studies those
+r2gySiPr_DI-01738-00388448-00388697 moment-to-moment behaviors little
+r2gySiPr_DI-01739-00388698-00388937 vignettes and scenes which tend to be
+r2gySiPr_DI-01740-00388938-00389147 part of a bigger picture
+r2gySiPr_DI-01741-00389148-00389404 so it's the actual detail of actual
+r2gySiPr_DI-01742-00389405-00389669 events as she said the seemingly trivial
+r2gySiPr_DI-01743-00389670-00389932 and mundane that on closer examination
+r2gySiPr_DI-01744-00389933-00390232 is anything but so nothing that means
+r2gySiPr_DI-01745-00390233-00390334 everything
+r2gySiPr_DI-01746-00390335-00390725 I love the Alexa Hepburn studies burps
+r2gySiPr_DI-01747-00390726-00390947 and Stuart Reeves as you heard there
+r2gySiPr_DI-01748-00390948-00391247 considers how we talk to Alexa
+r2gySiPr_DI-01749-00391248-00391547 not Hepburn that's got confusing and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01750-00391548-00391751 weatherall who I think is is here
+r2gySiPr_DI-01751-00391752-00391841 somewhere
+r2gySiPr_DI-01752-00391842-00392123 hi Anne um has listened out for that
+r2gySiPr_DI-01753-00392124-00392380 sharp intake of breath that a GP might
+r2gySiPr_DI-01754-00392381-00392680 do as they examine you
+r2gySiPr_DI-01755-00392681-00393058 to me this is psychology at its best I
+r2gySiPr_DI-01756-00393059-00393323 sometimes think we psychologists are The
+r2gySiPr_DI-01757-00393324-00393623 Wombles of science so if you're not a
+r2gySiPr_DI-01758-00393624-00393851 child of the 70s you probably won't have
+r2gySiPr_DI-01759-00393852-00394049 any idea what I'm talking about there
+r2gySiPr_DI-01760-00394050-00394258 but basically in the words of the theme
+r2gySiPr_DI-01761-00394259-00394528 tune we're making good use of the things
+r2gySiPr_DI-01762-00394529-00394810 we find things that the everyday folks
+r2gySiPr_DI-01763-00394811-00394943 leave behind
+r2gySiPr_DI-01764-00394944-00395158 and Liz put that much better when she
+r2gySiPr_DI-01765-00395159-00395501 said conversation analysis addresses the
+r2gySiPr_DI-01766-00395502-00395908 male biomister problem of psychology
+r2gySiPr_DI-01767-00395909-00396143 and I think thirdly and finally I'm
+r2gySiPr_DI-01768-00396144-00396569 drawn to contrast and contradiction so I
+r2gySiPr_DI-01769-00396570-00396863 like happy music with words about sad
+r2gySiPr_DI-01770-00396864-00397169 things or vice versa and you know Posh
+r2gySiPr_DI-01771-00397170-00397432 Burgers overthinking love Island which
+r2gySiPr_DI-01772-00397433-00397643 is something that Liz and I have in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01773-00397644-00397732 common
+r2gySiPr_DI-01774-00397733-00398039 so what has kept me interested in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01775-00398040-00398237 stories of psychology I think for so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01776-00398238-00398410 long is that we're constantly
+r2gySiPr_DI-01777-00398411-00398693 encountering hard data that turns out to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01778-00398694-00399010 be rather soft soft data that perhaps we
+r2gySiPr_DI-01779-00399011-00399197 should consider hard
+r2gySiPr_DI-01780-00399198-00399502 truths that might be myths and heroes
+r2gySiPr_DI-01781-00399503-00399754 who become villains quests that have
+r2gySiPr_DI-01782-00399755-00399958 dead ends and wrong turns
+r2gySiPr_DI-01783-00399959-00400193 and these this is all the stuff of
+r2gySiPr_DI-01784-00400194-00400439 Storytelling and conversation analysis
+r2gySiPr_DI-01785-00400440-00400763 has some ripping Yarns
+r2gySiPr_DI-01786-00400764-00401093 so to conclude in terms of a method in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01787-00401094-00401345 search of a problem in in life in
+r2gySiPr_DI-01788-00401346-00401632 Psychology there are always problems and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01789-00401633-00401843 I hope that you like me have been
+r2gySiPr_DI-01790-00401844-00402084 convinced by the power of conversation
+r2gySiPr_DI-01791-00402085-00402443 analysis in finding real people living
+r2gySiPr_DI-01792-00402444-00402754 real lives and giving them a voice to
+r2gySiPr_DI-01793-00402755-00402952 tell their stories
+r2gySiPr_DI-01794-00402953-00403223 and actually doing something about those
+r2gySiPr_DI-01795-00403224-00403475 problems
+r2gySiPr_DI-01796-00403476-00403697 thank you very very much I think it was
+r2gySiPr_DI-01797-00403698-00403847 a really brilliant tour very very
+r2gySiPr_DI-01798-00403848-00404045 engaging discussion fantastic questions
+r2gySiPr_DI-01799-00404046-00404254 from the audience both online and face
+r2gySiPr_DI-01800-00404255-00404578 to face so I'm really thanking you very
+r2gySiPr_DI-01801-00404579-00404758 very much everyone for for coming and
+r2gySiPr_DI-01802-00404759-00404993 for being taking part online as well so
+r2gySiPr_DI-01803-00404994-00405384 thank you very much
+r2gySiPr_DI-01804-00405385-00405685 thank you
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00000-00000058-00000356 systems art as art influenced by
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00001-00000357-00000647 cybernetics and systems theory that
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00002-00000648-00000919 reflects on natural systems social
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00003-00000921-00001195 systems and social signs of the art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00004-00001196-00001547 world itself systems art emerged as part
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00005-00001548-00001796 of the first wave of the conceptual art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00006-00001797-00002314 movement extended in the 1960s and 1970s
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00007-00002315-00002683 closely related in overlapping terms are
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00008-00002684-00002957 anti form movement cybernetic art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00009-00002958-00003299 generative systems process art systems
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00010-00003300-00003635 aesthetic systemic art systemic painting
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00011-00003636-00004336 and systems sculptures
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00012-00004337-00005438 topic related fields of systems art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00013-00005439-00006049 topic ante for movement
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00014-00006050-00006429 by the early 1960s minimalism had
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00015-00006430-00006712 emerged as an abstract movement in art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00016-00006713-00007020 with roots in geometric abstraction via
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00017-00007022-00007330 Malevich the Bauhaus and Mondrian which
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00018-00007331-00007603 rejected the idea of relational and
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00019-00007604-00007876 subjective painting the complexity of
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00020-00007877-00008184 abstract expressionist surfaces and the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00021-00008186-00008506 emotional zeitgeist and polemics present
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00022-00008507-00008790 in the arena of action painting
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00023-00008791-00009061 minimalism argued that extreme
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00024-00009062-00009298 simplicity could capture all of the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00025-00009299-00009703 sublime representation needed in art the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00026-00009704-00009955 term systematic art was coined by
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00027-00009956-00010300 Lawrence Alloway in 1966 as a
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00028-00010301-00010576 description of the method artists such
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00029-00010577-00010714 as kenneth noland
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00030-00010715-00011010 all held and frank stella were using for
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00031-00011011-00011332 composing abstract paintings associated
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00032-00011333-00011549 with painters such as frank stella
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00033-00011550-00011860 minimalism in painting as opposed to
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00034-00011861-00012210 other areas is a modernist movement
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00035-00012211-00012517 depending on the context minimalism
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00036-00012518-00012802 might be construed as a precursor to the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00037-00012803-00013122 postmodern movement seen from the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00038-00013123-00013350 perspective of writers who sometimes
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00039-00013351-00013647 classify it as a postmodern movement
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00040-00013648-00013975 early minimalism began and succeeded as
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00041-00013976-00014236 a modernist movement to yield advanced
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00042-00014237-00014506 works but which partially abandoned this
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00043-00014507-00014766 project when a few artists changed
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00044-00014768-00015019 direction in favor of the anti form
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00045-00015019-00015525 movement in the late 1960s the term post
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00046-00015526-00015838 minimalism was coined by Robert Pincus
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00047-00015838-00016102 Witten to describe minimalist derived
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00048-00016103-00016393 art which had content and contextual
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00049-00016394-00016699 overtones which minimalism rejected and
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00050-00016700-00016927 was applied to the work of Eva Hesse
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00051-00016928-00017263 Keith sunnier Richard Serra and new work
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00052-00017264-00017566 by former minimalists Robert Smithson
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00053-00017567-00017914 Robert Morris Bruce Nauman Sol LeWitt
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00054-00017915-00018352 and Barry la VA and others minimalists
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00055-00018353-00018687 like Donald Judd Dan Flavin Carl Andre
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00056-00018688-00019033 Agnes Martin John McCracken and others
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00057-00019034-00019230 continued to produce their late
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00058-00019231-00019363 modernist paint
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00059-00019364-00019594 and sculpture for the remainder of their
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00060-00019595-00020186 careers
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00061-00020187-00020777 topic cybernetic art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00062-00020778-00021110 audio feedback and the use of tape loops
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00063-00021111-00021433 sound synthesis and computer-generated
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00064-00021434-00021707 compositions reflected a cybernetic
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00065-00021708-00022013 awareness of information systems and
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00066-00022014-00022397 cycles such techniques became widespread
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00067-00022398-00022901 in the 1960s in the music industry the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00068-00022902-00023153 visual effects of electronic feedback
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00069-00023154-00023504 became a focus of artistic research in
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00070-00023505-00023864 the late 1960s when video equipment
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00071-00023865-00024133 first reached the consumer market
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00072-00024134-00024491 steena and wouldíve asuka for example
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00073-00024492-00024899 used all manner and combination of audio
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00074-00024900-00025256 and video signals to generate electronic
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00075-00025257-00025500 feedback in their respective of
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00076-00025501-00025759 corresponding media
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00077-00025760-00026089 with related work by Edouard ina de vich
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00078-00026090-00026429 when yang sigh and Cybernet ition Gordon
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00079-00026430-00026729 pass and the animist kinetics of robert
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00080-00026730-00027067 Breer and jean tinguely the 1960s
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00081-00027068-00027361 produced a strain of cybernetic art that
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00082-00027362-00027611 was very much concerned with the shared
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00083-00027612-00027845 circuits within and between the living
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00084-00027845-00028171 and the technological a line of
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00085-00028172-00028462 cybernetic art theory also emerged
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00086-00028463-00028892 during the late 1960s writers like
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00087-00028893-00029260 jonathan bent hall and jean young
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00088-00029261-00029689 and cybernetic the most substantial
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00089-00029690-00029908 contributors here were the british
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00090-00029909-00030176 artist and theorist Roya Scott with his
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00091-00030177-00030548 essay behaviorist art and the cybernetic
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00092-00030549-00030990 vision in the journal cybernetic a'
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00093-00030991-00031183 1966-67
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00094-00031184-00031430 and the american critic and theorist
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00095-00031431-00031748 Jack Burnham in beyond the modern
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00096-00031749-00032105 sculpture from 1968 Burnham builds
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00097-00032106-00032423 cybernetic art into an extensive theory
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00098-00032424-00032689 that centers on art's drive to imitate
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00099-00032690-00033130 and ultimately reproduce life also in
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00100-00033131-00033443 1968 curator JJ rycart
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00101-00033444-00033699 organized the landmark exhibition
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00102-00033700-00034024 cybernetic serendipity at the Institute
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00103-00034025-00034765 of Contemporary Art in London
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00104-00034766-00035386 topic generative systems
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00105-00035387-00035629 generative art as art that has been
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00106-00035630-00035986 generated composed or constructed in an
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00107-00035987-00036208 algorithmic manner through the use of
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00108-00036209-00036507 systems defined by computer software
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00109-00036508-00036846 algorithms or similar mathematical or
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00110-00036847-00037117 mechanical or randomized autonomous
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00111-00037118-00037477 processes Sanyal Andy Sheridan
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00112-00037478-00037732 established generative systems as a
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00113-00037733-00037927 program at the school of the Art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00114-00037928-00038362 Institute of Chicago in 1970 in response
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00115-00038363-00038650 to social change brought about in part
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00116-00038651-00038923 by the computer robot communications
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00117-00038924-00039283 revolution the program which brought
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00118-00039284-00039574 artists and scientists together was an
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00119-00039575-00039817 effort at turning the artists passive
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00120-00039818-00040119 role into an active one by promoting the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00121-00040120-00040437 investigation of contemporary scientific
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00122-00040438-00040702 technological systems and their
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00123-00040703-00041052 relationship to art and life unlike
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00124-00041053-00041335 copier art which was a simple commercial
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00125-00041336-00041677 spin off generative systems was actually
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00126-00041678-00041937 involved in the development of elegant
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00127-00041938-00042240 yet simple systems intended for creative
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00128-00042241-00042634 use by the general population generative
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00129-00042635-00042919 systems artists attempted to bridge the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00130-00042920-00043146 gap between elite and novice by
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00131-00043147-00043399 directing the line of communication
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00132-00043400-00043651 between the two thus bringing first
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00133-00043652-00043894 generation information to greater
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00134-00043895-00044149 numbers of people and bypassing the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00135-00044150-00044769 entrepreneur
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00136-00044770-00045324 topic process art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00137-00045325-00045659 process art as an artistic movement as
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00138-00045660-00045880 well as a creative sentiment and
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00139-00045881-00046157 worldview where the end product of art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00140-00046158-00046465 and craft the objet d'art is not the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00141-00046466-00046886 principal focus the process in process
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00142-00046887-00047126 art refers to the process of the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00143-00047127-00047417 formation of art the gathering sorting
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00144-00047418-00047787 collating associating and patterning
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00145-00047788-00048112 process art is concerned with the actual
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00146-00048113-00048371 doing art as a right ritual and
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00147-00048372-00048799 performance process art often entails an
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00148-00048800-00049074 inherent motivation rationale an
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00149-00049075-00049487 intentionality therefore art as viewed
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00150-00049488-00049774 as a creative journey or process rather
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00151-00049775-00050158 than as a deliverable or end product
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00152-00050159-00050449 in the artistic discourse the work of
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00153-00050450-00050662 Jackson Pollock is hailed as an
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00154-00050663-00051040 antecedent process art in its employment
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00155-00051041-00051279 of serendipity has a marked
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00156-00051279-00051639 correspondence with dada change and
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00157-00051640-00051870 transients are marked themes in the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00158-00051871-00052167 process art movement the Guggenheim
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00159-00052169-00052594 Museum states that Robert Morris in 1968
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00160-00052595-00052882 had a groundbreaking exhibition an essay
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00161-00052883-00053137 defining the movement and the museum
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00162-00053138-00053500 website state says process artists were
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00163-00053501-00053800 involved in issues attendant to the body
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00164-00053801-00054204 random occurrences improvisation and the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00165-00054205-00054451 liberating qualities of non-traditional
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00166-00054452-00054926 materials such as wax felt and latex
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00167-00054927-00055360 using these they created eccentric forms
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00168-00055361-00055666 in erratic or irregular arrangements
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00169-00055666-00055926 produced by actions such as cutting
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00170-00055927-00056257 hanging and dropping or organic
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00171-00056258-00056604 processes such as growth condensation
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00172-00056605-00057445 freezing or decomposition
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00173-00057446-00058024 topic systemic art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00174-00058025-00058553 according to Chilvers 2004 earlier in
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00175-00058554-00058896 1966 the British art critic Lawrence
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00176-00058897-00059381 Alloway had coined the term systemic art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00177-00059382-00059719 to describe a type of abstract art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00178-00059720-00060048 characterized by the use of very simple
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00179-00060049-00060443 standardized forms usually geometric in
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00180-00060444-00060674 character either in a single
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00181-00060675-00060966 concentrated image or repeated in a
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00182-00060966-00061266 system arranged according to a clearly
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00183-00061266-00061682 visible principle of organization he
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00184-00061683-00061941 considered the Chevron paintings of
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00185-00061941-00062247 kenneth noland as examples of systemic
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00186-00062248-00062567 art and considered this as a branch of
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00187-00062568-00062776 minimal art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00188-00062777-00063116 janji Harry's considered a common ground
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00189-00063117-00063425 in the ideas that underlie developments
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00190-00063426-00063719 in twentieth-century art such as serial
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00191-00063720-00064013 art systems art constructivism and
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00192-00064014-00064416 kinetic art these kind of arts often do
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00193-00064416-00064706 not stem directly from observations of
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00194-00064707-00064986 things visible in the external natural
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00195-00064987-00065265 environment but from the observation of
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00196-00065266-00065523 depicted shapes and of the relationship
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00197-00065524-00065898 between them systems art according to
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00198-00065899-00066180 Harry's represents a deliberate attempt
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00199-00066181-00066425 by artists to develop a more flexible
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00200-00066426-00066840 frame of reference a style in which its
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00201-00066841-00067119 frame of reference as taken as a model
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00202-00067120-00067319 to be emulated rather than as a
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00203-00067320-00067651 cognitive systems that only leads to the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00204-00067652-00067878 institutionalization of the imposed
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00205-00067879-00068238 model but to transfer the meaning of a
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00206-00068239-00068463 picture to its location within a
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00207-00068464-00068724 systemic structure does not remove the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00208-00068725-00069006 need to define the constitutive elements
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00209-00069007-00069246 of the system if they are not defined
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00210-00069247-00069456 one will not know how to build the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00211-00069457-00070047 system
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00212-00070048-00070647 topic systemic painting
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00213-00070648-00071003 systemic painting according to opping
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00214-00071004-00071358 1989 was the title of an highly
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00215-00071359-00071622 influential exhibition at the Guggenheim
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00216-00071623-00072162 Museum in 1966 assembled an introduction
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00217-00072163-00072309 written by Lawrence
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00218-00072310-00072576 alloway as curator
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00219-00072577-00072891 the show contained numerous works that
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00220-00072892-00073188 many critics today would consider part
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00221-00073189-00073444 of the minimal art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00222-00073445-00073921 in the catalog alloway noted that
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00223-00073922-00074198 paintings such as those in this
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00224-00074199-00074476 exhibition are not as has been often
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00225-00074477-00074915 claimed impersonal the personal has not
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00226-00074916-00075212 expunged by using a neat technique
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00227-00075213-00075578 anonymity as not a consequence of highly
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00228-00075579-00075843 finishing a painting
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00229-00075844-00076331 the term systemic painting later on has
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00230-00076332-00076580 become the name for artists who employ
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00231-00076581-00076826 systems make a number of aesthetic
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00232-00076827-00077407 decisions before commencing to paint
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00233-00077408-00077752 you
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00234-00077753-00078366 topic systems sculpture
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00235-00078367-00078847 according to Feldman 1987 serial art
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00236-00078848-00079207 serial painting systems sculpture and
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00237-00079208-00079681 ABC art were art styles of the 1960s and
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00238-00079682-00080076 1970s in which simple geometric
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00239-00080077-00080344 configurations are repeated with little
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00240-00080345-00080767 or no variation sequences becomes
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00241-00080768-00081040 important as in mathematics and
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00242-00081041-00081439 linguistic context these works rely on
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00243-00081440-00081799 simple arrangements of basic volumes and
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00244-00081800-00082170 voids mechanically produced surfaces and
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00245-00082171-00082588 algebraic permutations of form the
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00246-00082589-00082957 impact on the viewer however is anything
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00247-00082958-00083253 but simple
+r3Qm1TQCb0A-00248-00083254-00083707 equals equals see also
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00000-00000008-00000167 what's up everyone i'm your host
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00001-00000168-00000351 giovanni welcome to another coin
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00002-00000352-00000559 telegraph interview today i have the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00003-00000560-00000782 pleasure to be joined by scott melker a
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00004-00000783-00001031 veteran trader and podcaster in this
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00005-00001032-00001231 interview scott gives us his outlook on
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00006-00001232-00001415 bitcoin and ethereum's next price
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00007-00001416-00001663 movements he also breaks down his crypto
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00008-00001664-00001910 investment strategy and explains why
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00009-00001911-00002126 layer 1 protocols should be part of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00010-00002127-00002342 everyone's crypto portfolio but before
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00011-00002343-00002550 we start don't forget to smash the like
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00012-00002551-00002750 button and subscribe to our channel
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00013-00002751-00003319 let's get into it
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00014-00003320-00003519 okay so scott let's start looking at the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00015-00003520-00003838 bitcoin chart what are the key levels
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00016-00003839-00003975 that you're looking at in terms of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00017-00003976-00004183 resistance and support what is the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00018-00004184-00004359 current situation in the bitcoin market
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00019-00004360-00004535 in general
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00020-00004536-00004767 i think bitcoin is looking really good
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00021-00004768-00004975 right now of course it can humble us and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00022-00004976-00005199 change at any moment and looking at any
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00023-00005200-00005359 chart is just an idea of what could
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00024-00005360-00005527 happen but i think that we finally
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00025-00005528-00005695 exited sort of this long-term
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00026-00005696-00005895 accumulation much like we saw last
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00027-00005896-00006086 summer the 45
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00028-00006087-00006311 500 area on the weekly chart to me was
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00029-00006312-00006527 key that's sort of where we kept finding
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00030-00006528-00006751 resistance and topping out and just last
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00031-00006752-00006942 week we finally closed the candle above
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00032-00006943-00007151 that that's really the key area that i'm
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00033-00007152-00007310 watching right now i expect to trade
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00034-00007311-00007510 around it for a while below that of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00035-00007511-00007687 course the same obvious areas that we've
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00036-00007688-00007983 been contending with before 42 000 right
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00037-00007984-00008239 i mean 42 000 is where bitcoin topped
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00038-00008240-00008519 january of 2021 and it was still there
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00039-00008520-00008759 again in january of 2022 so we know that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00040-00008760-00008999 that's a key level below that around 39
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00041-00009000-00009255 600 to the upside now assuming that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00042-00009256-00009503 we've actually flipped this 45.5 level
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00043-00009504-00009703 to support i'm looking for a move to
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00044-00009704-00010014 about 52 000 53 thousand before i would
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00045-00010015-00010206 consider really reevaluating but right
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00046-00010207-00010414 now i've been saying it already kind of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00047-00010415-00010559 for weeks and months i really thought
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00048-00010560-00010719 the bottom was in already when we went
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00049-00010720-00010878 down to around thirty three thousand i
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00050-00010879-00011071 still think that's true we're making
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00051-00011072-00011319 higher lows and i see no reason right
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00052-00011320-00011542 now why we would drop down and make new
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00053-00011543-00011735 lows what are according to you these
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00054-00011736-00012055 levels where emotions uh mass emotions
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00055-00012056-00012287 start to come into play and people start
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00056-00012288-00012567 either to panic sell or to formal in
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00057-00012568-00012846 massively into the bitcoin market
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00058-00012847-00013015 that's a really good question and it's
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00059-00013016-00013230 hard to predict i think that if we start
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00060-00013231-00013503 to get back above 50 000 that becomes a
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00061-00013504-00013727 major major sort of psychological level
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00062-00013728-00013927 and people will start to fomo in but of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00063-00013928-00014119 course as we get higher we know that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00064-00014119-00014303 retail loves to buy higher and higher
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00065-00014304-00014511 and higher they're not uh looking to buy
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00066-00014512-00014638 the dip because they're generally
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00067-00014640-00014855 panicking at that time so as price gets
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00068-00014856-00015143 higher we start to talk about 65 000 69
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00069-00015144-00015358 000 new all-time highs and the media
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00070-00015359-00015503 starts to kick in i think we'll really
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00071-00015504-00015655 see a ton of fomo
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00072-00015656-00015958 i think if we drop now back into the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00073-00015959-00016183 mid to high 30 000's people would start
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00074-00016184-00016366 to become very skeptical again and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00075-00016368-00016567 certainly if we start dropping back down
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00076-00016568-00016791 to the bottom 30s i think we could see a
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00077-00016792-00017007 pretty quick push down into the 20 000's
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00078-00017008-00017239 on some panic in the first quarter of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00079-00017240-00017535 2022 we saw a pretty quiet uh crypto
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00080-00017536-00017735 market in general like bitcoin has been
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00081-00017736-00017967 trading sideways for a long time
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00082-00017968-00018071 um
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00083-00018072-00018286 so i was i was wondering if you can give
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00084-00018287-00018599 us some perspective on the longer term
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00085-00018600-00018894 so mike novogratz a couple of weeks ago
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00086-00018895-00019014 said that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00087-00019015-00019358 we shouldn't expect bitcoin to rally
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00088-00019359-00019630 this year because that's the reason for
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00089-00019631-00019814 that is because the fed is raising
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00090-00019815-00020063 interest rates so what what do you think
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00091-00020064-00020286 do you agree
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00092-00020287-00020583 uh it's hard not to agree although i
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00093-00020584-00020791 would push back a bit on that i do think
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00094-00020792-00020999 that bitcoin is more of an uncorrelated
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00095-00021000-00021199 asset and still has a chance to perform
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00096-00021200-00021391 well even in the face of sort of these
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00097-00021392-00021678 macro headwinds but then again there's a
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00098-00021679-00021967 very famous statement in all of markets
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00099-00021968-00022150 which is don't fight the fed right and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00100-00022151-00022327 for most crypto traders don't fight the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00101-00022328-00022478 fed has always mean
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00102-00022479-00022694 meant in the past to just buy because
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00103-00022695-00022855 crypto has existed in a market where
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00104-00022856-00023127 there's always sort of reduced interest
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00105-00023128-00023383 rates and more inflation well now don't
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00106-00023384-00023542 fight the fed means maybe they're saying
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00107-00023543-00023655 they're going to be more hawkish
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00108-00023656-00023791 interest rates are going to go up and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00109-00023792-00024022 it's going to be harder for assets to
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00110-00024023-00024271 rise but frankly i don't see any major
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00111-00024272-00024558 reason to be concerned about the macro
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00112-00024559-00024727 right now i do think that bitcoin is
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00113-00024728-00024983 largely an uncorrelated asset it goes
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00114-00024984-00025135 through times where it trades with other
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00115-00025136-00025319 markets when the risk off but generally
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00116-00025320-00025558 we see that it sort of is a market of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00117-00025559-00025814 its own and so i think that we can go
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00118-00025816-00026031 higher than that i was curious to ask
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00119-00026032-00026214 you when you say that you consider
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00120-00026216-00026423 bitcoin to be largely uncorrelated to
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00121-00026424-00026718 stocks what is the historical data that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00122-00026719-00026927 you are referring to in order to make
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00123-00026927-00027270 this kind of statements
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00124-00027272-00027543 well it's over the last 10 years i mean
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00125-00027544-00027783 you can zoom back to 12 or 13 years but
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00126-00027783-00027951 i consider the first sort of few years
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00127-00027952-00028207 of bitcoin's existence to be uh not
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00128-00028208-00028374 particularly compelling when you're
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00129-00028375-00028511 comparing it to other markets because it
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00130-00028512-00028758 was so nascent but the correlation for
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00131-00028760-00028943 talking about markowitz modern portfolio
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00132-00028944-00029207 theory is about 0.16 which is basically
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00133-00029208-00029423 utterly uncorrelated right if you're at
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00134-00029424-00029662 a one then you're completely correlated
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00135-00029663-00029846 you expect a ten percent move in one
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00136-00029847-00030055 market to equate to a ten percent move
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00137-00030056-00030262 in the other negative one is inversely
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00138-00030263-00030462 correlated of course so if one goes up
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00139-00030463-00030607 ten percent you would expect the other
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00140-00030608-00030790 to go down ten percent if you're
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00141-00030791-00030990 anywhere near zero between maybe
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00142-00030991-00031174 negative point three and point three
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00143-00031175-00031407 they're utterly uncorrelated markets and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00144-00031408-00031527 that's what bitcoin has been
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00145-00031527-00031735 historically if you consider the same
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00146-00031736-00031935 way that i talk about the target of a
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00147-00031936-00032070 hundred thousand
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00148-00032072-00032302 a zoomed out investor who's willing to
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00149-00032303-00032614 wait i don't care if assets seem to be
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00150-00032616-00032790 correlated or if that correlation goes
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00151-00032791-00033062 up to 0.5 or 0.6 for a month
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00152-00033063-00033279 right it's irrelevant to me that's a
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00153-00033280-00033479 very temporary correlation it's
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00154-00033480-00033743 something that happens all the time
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00155-00033744-00033974 between any two assets right if you give
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00156-00033975-00034174 enough time there's going to be periods
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00157-00034175-00034335 where any asset whether they are
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00158-00034336-00034535 correlated actually or not seem to
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00159-00034536-00034735 travel the same path
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00160-00034736-00034918 for a while right it's like a random
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00161-00034919-00035167 walk in the park do i think when the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00162-00035168-00035374 market goes risk off and people panic
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00163-00035375-00035559 that they also sell their bitcoin of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00164-00035560-00035687 course i just think that those
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00165-00035688-00036007 correlations are temporary and short
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00166-00036008-00036207 last time you were on our show about six
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00167-00036208-00036462 months ago you told us about your
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00168-00036463-00036623 portfolio construction your crypto
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00169-00036624-00036871 portfolio construction which is made
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00170-00036872-00037055 which back then was made
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00171-00037056-00037415 70 percent of long-term holdings
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00172-00037416-00037567 15
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00173-00037568-00037743 cash for buying the dips
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00174-00037744-00037918 and 15
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00175-00037919-00038087 for trading
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00176-00038088-00038327 uh regarding the long term holdings you
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00177-00038328-00038815 said that 75 about 75 percent in bitcoin
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00178-00038816-00039015 and 25
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00179-00039016-00039223 in ethereum so
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00180-00039224-00039446 has your portfolio changed since then
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00181-00039447-00039551 and how
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00182-00039552-00039718 the portfolio is constantly changing
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00183-00039719-00039887 just because of the performance of the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00184-00039888-00040102 assets within it but i do like to try to
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00185-00040103-00040311 at least keep a balance relatively close
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00186-00040312-00040479 to what you just said
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00187-00040480-00040718 every six months or a year so right sort
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00188-00040719-00040911 of the traditional
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00189-00040912-00041087 every two times a year you rebalance
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00190-00041088-00041287 your portfolio to get it uh so it
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00191-00041288-00041462 doesn't go too far out of whack very
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00192-00041463-00041639 hard in crypto because you obviously can
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00193-00041640-00041807 be holding an off coin that does a 50 or
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00194-00041808-00042007 100 x and becomes a much larger part of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00195-00042008-00042207 your portfolio than you expect which is
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00196-00042208-00042423 a very very good problem to have that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00197-00042424-00042655 said i always try to stay around the 70
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00198-00042656-00042983 15 15 in general what changes for me
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00199-00042984-00043295 often is what's in that 70. so as you
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00200-00043296-00043607 said maybe i was 75 to 25 bitcoin to
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00201-00043608-00043767 ethereum before i would say it's more of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00202-00043768-00044262 a now 60 bitcoin 30 ethereum and maybe
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00203-00044263-00044390 10
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00204-00044391-00044679 other things right huge amount of random
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00205-00044680-00044846 other things that have either been sort
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00206-00044847-00045030 of the dust that's left over from a
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00207-00045031-00045246 great trade something i invested in
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00208-00045247-00045439 early and performed well so i don't feel
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00209-00045440-00045639 compelled to sell the entire position
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00210-00045640-00045758 but generally and we've talked about
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00211-00045759-00045990 this before my investment portfolio
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00212-00045991-00046167 if i have something that i trade and it
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00213-00046168-00046558 goes up 20x 30x 50x the last 25 of that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00214-00046559-00046830 position 15 goes into my long-term holds
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00215-00046831-00047007 forever right because i never know where
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00216-00047008-00047199 it's going to be i'm willing to now see
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00217-00047200-00047390 what happens over the 10-year next 10
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00218-00047391-00047543 years with that asset i'm playing with
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00219-00047544-00047815 the house as money in general though
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00220-00047816-00048135 more bitcoin ethereum second a basket of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00221-00048136-00048455 other things and to generally view 70 of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00222-00048456-00048695 my portfolio as investments
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00223-00048696-00048967 and so apart from ethereum and bitcoin
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00224-00048968-00049255 in these long-term holdings are there uh
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00225-00049256-00049558 any other um assets like any other
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00226-00049559-00049767 cryptos that deserve
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00227-00049768-00050071 a kind of permanent place in your
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00228-00050072-00050255 uh in your long-term holdings that you
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00229-00050256-00050415 can mention right yeah and this and this
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00230-00050416-00050567 is a strategy that's changed for me a
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00231-00050568-00050799 lot over the last year actually and i've
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00232-00050800-00050999 kind of been beating this drum in
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00233-00051000-00051214 interviews i believe that people if you
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00234-00051215-00051446 have the capital and are willing to wait
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00235-00051447-00051670 i believe that people should be invested
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00236-00051671-00051894 in all of the major layer ones listen
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00237-00051895-00052054 now you can choose there's a lot of them
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00238-00052055-00052175 now right but you can choose your
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00239-00052176-00052375 favorite three or four we know that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00240-00052376-00052535 nothing's going to kill ethereum i
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00241-00052536-00052679 believe ethereum is here to stay i
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00242-00052679-00052815 believe it's an extremely important
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00243-00052816-00052975 asset and one that everybody should have
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00244-00052976-00053230 exposure to only second to bitcoin and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00245-00053232-00053359 it's really close
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00246-00053360-00053591 but after that we know that ethereum and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00247-00053591-00053815 no layer one frankly can scale right if
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00248-00053816-00054038 we have a billion people using crypto no
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00249-00054039-00054191 single chain is going to be able to
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00250-00054191-00054350 accommodate that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00251-00054351-00054575 ever right so i believe my premise is
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00252-00054576-00054775 that we will live in a multi-chain world
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00253-00054776-00054982 you want to be invested maybe in the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00254-00054983-00055159 projects that make them interoperable
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00255-00055160-00055359 things like cosmos are awesome obviously
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00256-00055360-00055742 you know adam um but knowing that maybe
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00257-00055744-00055950 one chain becomes the d5 chain and one
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00258-00055951-00056135 chain becomes the gaming chain and one
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00259-00056136-00056391 chain becomes the nft chain or
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00260-00056391-00056638 that any of these small projects could
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00261-00056639-00056879 absolutely go nuts but you're gonna have
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00262-00056879-00057015 trouble choosing what they are you
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00263-00057016-00057175 should just own the layer ones and the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00264-00057176-00057335 infrastructure that they're all built on
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00265-00057336-00057550 right you may not capture the 100x
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00266-00057551-00057703 upside of some small project you've
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00267-00057704-00057911 never heard of that comes out of nowhere
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00268-00057912-00058087 but you will benefit from it being built
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00269-00058088-00058279 on that chain i mean you may not own a
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00270-00058279-00058487 board ape but ethereum holders have
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00271-00058488-00058726 certainly benefited from the success of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00272-00058727-00058959 board apes okay so that was an overview
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00273-00058960-00059175 of your crypto portfolio but talking
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00274-00059176-00059471 about your investment portfolio overall
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00275-00059472-00059791 how is it constructed now interestingly
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00276-00059791-00060087 until about march of 2020 when
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00277-00060088-00060287 kovit hid and we saw the nonsense with
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00278-00060288-00060454 the fed i believed you shouldn't have
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00279-00060455-00060630 more than 10 to 20 of your money in
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00280-00060632-00060903 crypto right uh so that would have been
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00281-00060904-00061247 my you know my portfolio sort of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00282-00061248-00061447 the way that i structured it within that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00283-00061448-00061719 15 or 20 that was crypto and 80 was
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00284-00061720-00062087 still stocks land hard assets some gold
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00285-00062088-00062294 all of those sort of boring bonds all
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00286-00062295-00062535 the boring things that we invested in
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00287-00062536-00062766 after i really i was already somewhat
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00288-00062767-00062959 orange peeled but after i really saw
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00289-00062960-00063087 what happened with stimulus and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00290-00063088-00063391 inflation i just stopped rebalancing
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00291-00063391-00063606 basically and let crypto run and become
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00292-00063607-00063854 a much larger part of my portfolio i
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00293-00063855-00064087 mean now i it depends on the day but i'm
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00294-00064088-00064471 probably 60 65 in crypto of my entire
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00295-00064472-00064719 portfolio but the rest of it is still
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00296-00064720-00064911 all of those other assets i i believe
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00297-00064912-00065094 very much long term in all these other
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00298-00065095-00065287 markets and that markets continue up and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00299-00065288-00065471 to the right if you zoom out enough i
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00300-00065472-00065735 have a robust stock portfolio i have my
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00301-00065736-00065943 iras and my retirement accounts that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00302-00065944-00066119 i've been contributing to absolutely
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00303-00066120-00066303 forever i dollar cost average into those
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00304-00066304-00066463 and i don't think about it
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00305-00066464-00066719 i'm a huge huge fan especially in the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00306-00066720-00066911 last year if you can afford to and if it
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00307-00066912-00067103 makes sense of buying land as i talked
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00308-00067104-00067294 about before now i would like to talk
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00309-00067295-00067455 about ethereum precisely that you
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00310-00067456-00067719 mentioned already so we are all waiting
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00311-00067720-00067982 for this transition that ethereum is
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00312-00067983-00068247 going to perform into the proof of stake
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00313-00068248-00068463 which into the proof-of-stake
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00314-00068464-00068655 system which is should we should should
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00315-00068656-00068935 happen already in quarter two or at the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00316-00068936-00069159 latest quarter three of this year
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00317-00069160-00069431 according to the statements made so far
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00318-00069432-00069623 so what do you think is it going to have
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00319-00069624-00069847 a significant impact on the price of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00320-00069848-00069982 ethereum
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00321-00069983-00070231 and is it a good idea to buy ethereum
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00322-00070232-00070511 prior to this transition that is gonna
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00323-00070512-00070655 happen
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00324-00070656-00070871 i believe so and i dollar cost average
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00325-00070872-00071111 into ethereum quite regularly as i said
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00326-00071112-00071262 before i'm extremely bullish on the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00327-00071263-00071423 asset i think it's important and i don't
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00328-00071424-00071671 think it's going anywhere as for trading
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00329-00071672-00071855 the merge itself it's hard for me to
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00330-00071856-00072038 predict what's gonna happen right we
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00331-00072039-00072206 often see these sort of buy the rumor
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00332-00072207-00072438 sell the news i wouldn't be surprised if
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00333-00072439-00072687 if price pumped massively right after i
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00334-00072688-00072862 also wouldn't be surprised if we saw a
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00335-00072863-00073031 dump when it actually happens just
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00336-00073032-00073182 because people have been buying in
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00337-00073183-00073431 anticipation of that right so it's hard
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00338-00073432-00073582 for me to make a prediction on which one
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00339-00073583-00073726 of those will happen and once again i
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00340-00073727-00073959 say zoom out i think that this is a
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00341-00073960-00074223 massively bullish event for ethereum i
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00342-00074224-00074359 think that the eyes of the world on it i
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00343-00074360-00074526 think it will be a better chain more
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00344-00074527-00074750 usable after this happens so when you
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00345-00074751-00074903 zoom out over the long term i think that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00346-00074904-00075023 we will see
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00347-00075024-00075350 massive price growth as a result sort of
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00348-00075351-00075503 like you look at the bitcoin having
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00349-00075504-00075719 right the having happens it's this event
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00350-00075720-00075862 you all look forward to and everybody
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00351-00075863-00076087 talks about but price doesn't react the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00352-00076088-00076238 minute it happens right you need to give
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00353-00076239-00076431 it some time for that supply shock to
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00354-00076432-00076671 sort of kick in for difficulty to adjust
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00355-00076672-00076871 and for traders to to react so i think
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00356-00076872-00077087 that we'll see something more like that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00357-00077088-00077255 that said i love
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00358-00077256-00077503 uh what arthur hayes recently wrote was
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00359-00077504-00077759 it five ducking digits was the medium
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00360-00077760-00077919 piece i think that he wrote about what
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00361-00077920-00078119 was happening how you can basically
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00362-00078120-00078455 start to view ethereum as i believe he
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00363-00078456-00078655 said it was basically a commodity linked
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00364-00078656-00078879 bond right that you'll be able to earn
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00365-00078880-00079135 yield by parking your 32
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00366-00079136-00079391 uh ethereum in the contract 10 to 15
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00367-00079392-00079575 percent people are saying which means
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00368-00079576-00079871 you could take a low interest usd loan
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00369-00079872-00080038 buy the ethereum earn the yield
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00370-00080039-00080247 eventually sell pay back that loan and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00371-00080248-00080447 capture all of the spread
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00372-00080448-00080694 in between which makes it
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00373-00080695-00080926 a trade that institutions are likely to
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00374-00080927-00081150 take because it's so obvious so i think
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00375-00081151-00081415 it'll be big for institutional for
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00376-00081416-00081591 institutional involvement here listen
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00377-00081592-00081894 everybody is hunting for yield this will
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00378-00081895-00082111 be the most obvious i believe and secure
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00379-00082112-00082311 way to do it while securing the ethereum
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00380-00082312-00082599 network at proof of stake 10 to 15
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00381-00082600-00082775 and an asset that's generally rising
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00382-00082776-00082950 over time is nothing to sneeze at
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00383-00082951-00083126 especially in a secure environment where
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00384-00083127-00083367 the name is big as ethereum so i think
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00385-00083368-00083494 it's going to be a massively
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00386-00083495-00083679 fundamentally bullish event i just
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00387-00083680-00083862 wouldn't say you should be trading
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00388-00083863-00084031 around what happens within five minutes
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00389-00084032-00084143 of the merge
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00390-00084144-00084391 there are certain rumors about the risk
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00391-00084392-00084631 implied in this uh merge some people are
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00392-00084632-00084926 saying that the the blockchain will will
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00393-00084927-00085255 not merge but it will create a fork and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00394-00085256-00085494 that would create a massive turmoil in
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00395-00085495-00085694 the in the whole market but i think that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00396-00085695-00085806 you are quite
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00397-00085807-00086015 skeptical that that would be the case
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00398-00086016-00086135 right
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00399-00086136-00086438 i i'm skeptical but you have to believe
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00400-00086439-00086638 that anything's possible right i don't
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00401-00086639-00086831 think that will happen but there's uh i
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00402-00086832-00087111 mean this is probably technologically
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00403-00087112-00087367 fundamentally the largest most complex
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00404-00087368-00087582 event that we've ever seen in crypto
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00405-00087583-00087871 right short of launching the bitcoin
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00406-00087872-00088047 blockchain for the first time
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00407-00088048-00088126 so
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00408-00088127-00088326 it would be naive to not believe that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00409-00088327-00088494 something could go wrong it certainly
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00410-00088495-00088759 can but i would imagine that with this
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00411-00088760-00088935 many years of build up this much
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00412-00088936-00089118 anticipation this many delays that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00413-00089119-00089335 they're prepared for most of what could
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00414-00089336-00089423 happen
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00415-00089424-00089631 yeah for sure and what about the the
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00416-00089632-00089806 price target for ethereum i saw that in
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00417-00089807-00089943 your latest uh
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00418-00089944-00090262 um stream you were mentioning ethereum
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00419-00090263-00090494 to ten thousand dollars can you clarify
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00420-00090495-00090735 this uh prediction
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00421-00090736-00090871 i thought ethereum could go to ten
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00422-00090872-00091071 thousand dollars last year
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00423-00091072-00091279 right without without even talking about
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00424-00091280-00091543 ethereum 2.0 i was obviously wrong
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00425-00091544-00091750 uh but it got halfway there it got to
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00426-00091751-00092023 five almost right and so uh i'm just an
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00427-00092024-00092150 ethereum bull like i said it doesn't
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00428-00092151-00092375 matter when it happens that 10 000 that
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00429-00092376-00092535 was mentioned in the video was specific
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00430-00092536-00092759 to arthur hayes uh saying that he
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00431-00092760-00092911 thought it would go to ten thousand
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00432-00092912-00093206 dollars on the back of ethereum 2.0 and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00433-00093207-00093343 the merge
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00434-00093344-00093479 i think that's a conservative price
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00435-00093480-00093767 target frankly like uh i think that we
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00436-00093768-00094023 will eventually see ethereum at 20 30
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00437-00094024-00094287 why not 40 000 i'm not scared to say
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00438-00094288-00094447 that because i truly believe that that's
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00439-00094448-00094743 likely and i'm willing to wait for it um
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00440-00094744-00094999 but 10 000 this year
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00441-00095000-00095174 sure why not i'm not saying it will
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00442-00095175-00095462 happen i'm saying i would be
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00443-00095463-00095687 not shocked in any way shape or form if
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00444-00095688-00095926 it did so i i think that 10 000 is a
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00445-00095927-00096135 very reasonable target for
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00446-00096136-00096294 investors
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00447-00096295-00096415 okay cool
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00448-00096416-00096606 that was scott melker trader and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00449-00096607-00096855 podcaster thanks a lot scott for coming
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00450-00096856-00097015 on our show
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00451-00097016-00097150 thank you man it's always an honor and
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00452-00097151-00097294 always a pleasure i love talking to you
+r4agO5ecWZ0-00453-00097295-00097595 guys
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00000-00000084-00000359 but yeah we'll go to the last question
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00001-00000360-00000587 from me when would you say language and
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00002-00000588-00000833 accent imitation is acceptable and like
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00003-00000834-00001108 in any shape or form
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00004-00001109-00001558 like an accent imitation yeah like for
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00005-00001559-00001757 example like I'm Indian right and people
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00006-00001757-00002057 like imitate mind and accent like they
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00007-00002058-00002218 imitate me thinking like like an Indian
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00008-00002219-00002333 accent even though I don't have an
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00009-00002334-00002495 Indian accent at all like that type like
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00010-00002496-00002717 imagine if I like imitated a Jewish
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00011-00002718-00002860 accent right or like a Yiddish actually
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00012-00002861-00003149 like when would you say it's acceptable
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00013-00003150-00003401 to do that I was like
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00014-00003402-00003569 in your perspective like a comedian
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00015-00003570-00003869 right that's a good question
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00016-00003870-00004031 um
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00017-00004032-00004385 I think it's uh as long as it's funny
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00018-00004386-00004553 it's uh
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00019-00004554-00004883 it's acceptable and I mean also it's
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00020-00004884-00005136 if if you're
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00021-00005137-00005477 feeding into like a stereotype that is
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00022-00005478-00005909 is not really that funny and it's like
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00023-00005910-00006185 um it's just predictable you know what
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00024-00006186-00006481 I'm saying like if if you're like
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00025-00006481-00006820 because my money you know like you get
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00026-00006822-00006983 into you know
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00027-00006984-00007259 uh then you know then I and then I think
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00028-00007259-00007391 it's like
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00029-00007392-00007595 get get some better material you know
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00030-00007595-00007913 that's just lazy you know right
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00031-00007914-00008189 um but I mean I I in general I think
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00032-00008190-00008369 that uh
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00033-00008370-00008867 as a society we we've become way too
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00034-00008868-00009017 um
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00035-00009018-00009310 uh offended on other people's behalf
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00036-00009311-00009556 like let them get offended for a minute
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00037-00009557-00009749 and say something it's like we're very
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00038-00009750-00009959 cautious about uh
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00039-00009960-00010217 you know I think if if you're
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00040-00010218-00010405 comfortable
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00041-00010406-00010823 uh in in who you are I know in the like
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00042-00010824-00011033 there's plenty of people that that like
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00043-00011034-00011273 put on the Hasidic thing and the Jewish
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00044-00011274-00011483 thing I think if you're comfortable I
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00045-00011484-00011746 know if I'm comfortable with who I am
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00046-00011747-00011933 then I laugh at it you know I think it's
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00047-00011934-00012035 funny
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00048-00012036-00012214 you know even if it's a little offensive
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00049-00012215-00012388 I think it's funny you know if it's
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00050-00012389-00012503 funny
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00051-00012504-00012899 but if it's like done in a hateful way
+r9Plpbfe7_E-00052-00012900-00013244 then you know
+rrykYxJYpGA-00000-00000664-00000928 here in the Caney Creek feeder zone we
+rrykYxJYpGA-00001-00000930-00001079 strive to create the sense of community
+rrykYxJYpGA-00002-00001080-00001289 between our schools and the towns that
+rrykYxJYpGA-00003-00001290-00001532 make up our section of conroe ISD
+rrykYxJYpGA-00004-00001533-00001757 they're educating the leaders of
+rrykYxJYpGA-00005-00001757-00001991 tomorrow through providing services to
+rrykYxJYpGA-00006-00001992-00002218 the community through a community that's
+rrykYxJYpGA-00007-00002219-00002471 through lending a helping hand through
+rrykYxJYpGA-00008-00002472-00002648 learning from our community leaders
+rrykYxJYpGA-00009-00002649-00002809 through our understanding of what makes
+rrykYxJYpGA-00010-00002810-00002987 our community great here are a few more
+rrykYxJYpGA-00011-00002988-00003175 examples of how each of the schools of
+rrykYxJYpGA-00012-00003176-00003353 the can decrease feeder zone continue to
+rrykYxJYpGA-00013-00003354-00004006 build a sense of community each day
+rrykYxJYpGA-00014-00004007-00006398 [Music]
+rrykYxJYpGA-00015-00006399-00006701 [Music]
+rrykYxJYpGA-00016-00006702-00006956 our goal is to make our school a better
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+rrykYxJYpGA-00021-00012418-00012627 thank you for giving us this opportunity
+rrykYxJYpGA-00022-00012628-00012846 to show you how the Caney Creek feeder
+rrykYxJYpGA-00023-00012847-00013066 zone is building a community as part of
+rrykYxJYpGA-00024-00013066-00013354 Conroe ISD
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+rvGLczHfraI-00012-00026245-00027183 [Music]
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+rvGLczHfraI-00028-00053072-00053719 another one down
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+rvGLczHfraI-00041-00070392-00070719 if you're not with me careful it's sharp
+rvGLczHfraI-00042-00070720-00071094 all these tips okay gamer guy
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+rvGLczHfraI-00044-00071432-00071919 why am i in a clan
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+rvGLczHfraI-00051-00077096-00077582 [Music]
+rvGLczHfraI-00052-00077583-00079487 lost the lead
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+rvGLczHfraI-00069-00101979-00103023 [Music]
+rvGLczHfraI-00070-00103024-00103758 lost the lead
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+rvGLczHfraI-00072-00106424-00107799 you wanna hit the most of these games
+rvGLczHfraI-00073-00107800-00108078 the pk50 sidekick it's called a
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+rvGLczHfraI-00079-00110503-00111823 uh
+rvGLczHfraI-00080-00111824-00112031 like the assault rifle it's called
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+rvGLczHfraI-00082-00112272-00112958 sorry boom
+rvGLczHfraI-00083-00112959-00114327 [Music]
+rvGLczHfraI-00084-00114328-00115063 five minutes remaining
+rvGLczHfraI-00085-00115064-00116558 uh
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+rvGLczHfraI-00087-00116748-00118336 [Music]
+rvGLczHfraI-00088-00118338-00119323 [Music]
+rvGLczHfraI-00089-00119324-00120785 [Music]
+rvGLczHfraI-00090-00120786-00122799 [Music]
+rvGLczHfraI-00091-00122800-00123008 you
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00000-00000421-00001095 good morning everybody present here
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00001-00001096-00001651 madam Lauren Sawyer the co-chair the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00002-00001652-00001860 French co-chair of tsipras governing
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00003-00001861-00002079 body
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00004-00002080-00002599 professor ant Wapiti the president of
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00005-00002600-00002916 CNRS a very important organization here
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00006-00002917-00003684 well known in India as well my two
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00007-00003685-00004004 coordinator from friend side here
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00008-00004005-00004363 professor and Ambati professor again
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00009-00004364-00004890 Carlo and of course mr. ignosi from
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00010-00004891-00005245 Indian Embassy thank you very much for
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00011-00005246-00005438 sparing your time
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00012-00005439-00006406 in fact this was decided in March 2018
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00013-00006406-00006639 during the governing body meeting there
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00014-00006640-00006931 in New Delhi which was co-chaired by a
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00015-00006931-00007464 madam or that the idea which was floated
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00016-00007465-00007744 last year by some of the Scientific
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00017-00007745-00008073 Council members of Sofia that we should
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00018-00008075-00008589 have a seminar on this important topic
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00019-00008590-00009295 and Madame this was implemented so
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00020-00009296-00009382 quickly
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00021-00009383-00009787 and thanks to CNRS and all the for the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00022-00009788-00009999 coordinators to from India and to from
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00023-00010000-00010288 France and the other two coordinators
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00024-00010289-00010684 from India are in fact dr. Rohini God
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00025-00010685-00011002 Willie started this process and later on
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00026-00011003-00011524 this was taken up by dr. Usha BJ Rahman
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00027-00011525-00012021 and dr. Theresa hadass Gupta as you know
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00028-00012022-00012334 the city prayer is a unique organization
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00029-00012335-00012681 which is a bilateral and it's India's
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00030-00012682-00013254 first and Frances the only one which is
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00031-00013255-00013672 outside Europe and was created in 1987
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00032-00013672-00014016 it has completed 30 years last year so
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00033-00014018-00014275 we are in the 31st year of Sevilla and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00034-00014276-00014647 this topic is considered very very
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00035-00014647-00015007 important and in fact as rightly said by
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00036-00015008-00015328 some of the speakers here the time has
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00037-00015329-00015744 changed in India as well if you look at
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00038-00015744-00016492 2018 in 2018 there is a college in Delhi
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00039-00016493-00016657 University which is called Miranda house
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00040-00016658-00016984 it is all women's college and they have
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00041-00016985-00017307 started a Center for high-end research
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00042-00017308-00017634 which is called das Qatari Centre for
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00043-00017635-00018019 high-end research and the girls there
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00044-00018020-00018478 are doing much better this is in 2018
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00045-00018479-00018952 the latest so the time has changed and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00046-00018953-00019546 now like if we look at earlier the girls
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00047-00019547-00019771 were going the woman were you know
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00048-00019772-00020025 preferring were more inclined towards
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00049-00020026-00020422 biology and now if you look at the data
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00050-00020423-00020709 which I am going to present here after
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00051-00020710-00020983 biology is a physics material science
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00052-00020984-00021256 chemistry all these areas are taken up
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00053-00021257-00021881 by ladies girls and women scientists now
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00054-00021882-00022321 what I have done for this seminar we did
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00055-00022322-00022855 some exercise some analysis in Saphira
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00056-00022856-00023172 Saphira is a very small organization but
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00057-00023173-00023524 the data which has come out is a natural
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00058-00023525-00023941 data we do not have any specific program
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00059-00023942-00024222 for women in science but still when we
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00060-00024223-00024463 were doing this analysis of the last ten
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00061-00024464-00024990 years means from 1st of January 2008 to
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00062-00024991-00025537 31st of December 2017 last year our data
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00063-00025538-00026022 shows that we are over the national data
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00064-00026023-00026599 of India and slightly below the French
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00065-00026600-00026906 data in women in science
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00066-00026907-00027404 so what I request made a moil today that
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00067-00027405-00027667 a book or a document which has come out
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00068-00027668-00028052 my CV bruh so kindly release that book
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00069-00028052-00028711 here and and simultaneously this book
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00070-00028712-00029174 right now in New Delhi is being uploaded
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00071-00029175-00029608 on Saphira website so anybody who's
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00072-00029610-00029933 interested can download it there and all
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00073-00029933-00030227 the speakers from France as well as from
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00074-00030227-00030602 India like from India before they reach
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00075-00030602-00030992 to their office back home the copy will
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00076-00030993-00031139 be there in their department because
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00077-00031139-00031525 this is being sent today by courier and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00078-00031526-00031864 rest of the people can download it which
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00079-00031866-00032126 is very much will be available in next
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00080-00032127-00032502 15 minutes after the release yeah so
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00081-00032504-00033061 this book contains data of last 10 years
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00082-00033062-00033350 women in science under safe oppress
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00083-00033351-00033776 supported projects we have two major
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00084-00033777-00034022 program one is with academic academic
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00085-00034023-00034586 collaboration which is for academia and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00086-00034587-00034748 Academy a collaboration which is going
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00087-00034749-00035087 on from the last 30 years and another
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00088-00035088-00035300 program is with industry and academia
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00089-00035301-00035708 which is called ia RDP so we collected
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00090-00035709-00036121 the data from these two programs and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00091-00036122-00036413 this is the book which has been released
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00092-00036414-00036920 just now by metamour and here it says
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00093-00036921-00037463 that from 1 1 2008 to 31st December 2017
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00094-00037464-00037931 and as I said that
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00095-00037932-00038603 Saphira has been a very successful
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00096-00038604-00039110 program which is at the at the nucleus
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00097-00039111-00039608 of Indo French SNT cooperation and both
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00098-00039609-00039779 the countries have realized that there
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00099-00039780-00040064 is a need of a dedicated center of
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00100-00040065-00040258 science and technology that's
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00101-00040259-00040492 that's how the Saphira is working and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00102-00040493-00040757 both the countries have realized that
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00103-00040758-00041151 there is a need for mobility or the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00104-00041152-00041410 exchange of researchers from both side
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00105-00041411-00041877 particularly the young researchers so
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00106-00041878-00042376 now I'm coming to the CSR P which is the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00107-00042377-00042526 collaborative scientific research
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00108-00042527-00042933 program and in last 10 years there were
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00109-00042934-00043252 201 projects were implemented during
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00110-00043253-00043630 this period and there were 31 in from
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00111-00043631-00044035 India and 35 from France these were the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00112-00044036-00044293 woman scientist were involved so this is
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00113-00044294-00044651 there in the chapter 3 a the details
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00114-00044652-00045136 about it in chapter 3 a and we look at
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00115-00045137-00045554 the area wise because from this gender
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00116-00045555-00046057 lens we studied or examined all the 10
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00117-00046058-00046255 domains of science and technology and we
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00118-00046256-00046765 came out with a figure that 48.3% from
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00119-00046766-00047110 India and 40% from France were the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00120-00047111-00047348 projects were supported under the life
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00121-00047349-00047567 and health sciences which was led by
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00122-00047568-00047792 woman scientist so this information and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00123-00047793-00048130 the detail is in chapter 3 a and this
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00124-00048131-00048565 was followed by in India the next area
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00125-00048566-00048910 was physics and in France this was
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00126-00048911-00049320 material science and during this period
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00127-00049321-00049792 132 projects were completed of which 38
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00128-00049793-00050060 projects involved Indian and French
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00129-00050061-00050504 woman scientist so you can say the 29%
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00130-00050505-00050804 of the participation in these projects
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00131-00050805-00051055 were from woman scientists from both the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00132-00051056-00051445 countries and out of these 38 completed
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00133-00051446-00051773 projects 183 research papers came out
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00134-00051774-00052126 and seven patents were filed I'm talking
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00135-00052127-00052462 about only the woman scientist and this
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00136-00052463-00052732 was the impact factor which was ranging
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00137-00052733-00053111 from seven point zero nine one two point
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00138-00053112-00053338 four to one so all this information and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00139-00053339-00053660 detail is available on chap in the chair
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00140-00053661-00054091 three C and 3d and at the end of every
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00141-00054092-00054388 project there is a review of the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00142-00054389-00054632 progress which has been done which is
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00143-00054633-00054844 normally done through scientific console
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00144-00054845-00055088 and scientific Council meets two times
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00145-00055089-00055166 in a year
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00146-00055166-00055366 so next scientific console is going to
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00147-00055367-00055841 meet in November in India so the grading
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00148-00055841-00056101 is given in this scientific console
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00149-00056102-00056522 where you would find that 43 from India
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00150-00056523-00057067 and 40% the French woman led projects
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00151-00057069-00057461 were graded as excellent and after that
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00152-00057462-00057791 the next category is very good so which
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00153-00057791-00058115 is 38% from India and 40% from France
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00154-00058116-00058529 so that means approximately 80% of the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00155-00058529-00058871 total projects which were undertaken by
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00156-00058872-00059084 women scientists from India and France
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00157-00059085-00059488 were graded excellent or very good so
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00158-00059489-00059863 means that the rest of the 20% or below
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00159-00059864-00060290 20% were either good or some kind of
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00160-00060291-00060590 satisfactory grading was given so this
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00161-00060591-00060919 is evident that the science undertaken
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00162-00060920-00061141 by women is because this is the natural
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00163-00061142-00061429 data which I said in the beginning that
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00164-00061430-00061819 no special or a specific program was
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00165-00061820-00062005 undertaken by CV bruh for women in
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00166-00062007-00062249 science but in spite of this fact this
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00167-00062250-00062654 data is quite quite important and of
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00168-00062654-00063094 course the the research results through
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00169-00063095-00063422 Saphira involved program is very very
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00170-00063423-00063766 increasing but lots of need not to be
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00171-00063767-00064061 done in fact many new programs are to be
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00172-00064062-00064516 undertaken and but this is from CSIR of
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00173-00064516-00065451 csr p and the next one is
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00174-00065452-00065984 how to I want to change yeah
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00175-00065985-00066286 now the another program which involves
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00176-00066287-00066538 Academy and you just see it is called I
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00177-00066539-00066832 RDP so I took the data because this is a
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00178-00066833-00067285 new program which started only 1517
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00179-00067286-00067600 years ago so they're 28 projects were
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00180-00067601-00067972 implemented 9 out of 28 projects
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00181-00067973-00068236 involved women scientists from India and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00182-00068237-00068743 France SPI zorco PI's and eight Indian
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00183-00068744-00069040 and three French women associated in
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00184-00069041-00069304 these nine projects so all this
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00185-00069305-00069604 information is available in chapter 4 a
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00186-00069605-00070099 and the next one is yeah
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00187-00070100-00070507 and we also did an exercise of the five
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00188-00070508-00070762 completed successfully completed
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00189-00070763-00071072 projects under I Rd P which is industry
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00190-00071073-00071236 Academy a research development program
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00191-00071237-00071557 and you would find that out of these
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00192-00071558-00071947 five three projects have developed very
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00193-00071948-00072474 good result and come out with a kind of
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00194-00072475-00072829 patent is also there and the process and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00195-00072830-00073048 the technology development so these
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00196-00073049-00073348 three projects have come out and in fact
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00197-00073349-00073634 they have published a very good in very
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00198-00073635-00073918 good journals so these are those three
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00199-00073919-00074278 projects and there are non core programs
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00200-00074279-00074512 the non core programs this data is not
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00201-00074513-00074707 for ten years because non core program
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00202-00074708-00075088 is started very late in 2013 and 14 so
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00203-00075089-00075337 this data is of last for five years that
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00204-00075338-00075730 under DST in Riya CNRS program two out
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00205-00075731-00075949 of six completed projects involved woman
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00206-00075950-00076265 scientist and has resulted 25
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00207-00076266-00076519 publications and one patent another
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00208-00076520-00076876 program with DST ninr in France
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00209-00076877-00077065 one out of six completed projects
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00210-00077066-00077365 involved India Indian and a woman
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00211-00077366-00077554 scientist this information is available
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00212-00077555-00077851 in chapter six and there is a program
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00213-00077852-00078112 which is started in 2015 just three
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00214-00078113-00078335 years ago which is called endo French
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00215-00078336-00078580 water network so there are two out of
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00216-00078581-00078775 two completed projects involve
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00217-00078776-00079082 Frenchwoman kopi ice so that information
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00218-00079083-00079361 is available in Chapter seven there is
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00219-00079362-00079659 another program in the ppb mode which is
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00220-00079660-00079896 undertaken by Saphira which is called by
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00221-00079897-00080075 Rex if he prefer French embassy program
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00222-00080076-00080426 so two projects out of three projects
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00223-00080427-00080871 involved for Indian and French women
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00224-00080872-00081086 scientists so two publications have come
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00225-00081087-00081431 out if you look at the fellowship which
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00226-00081432-00081705 is a very very attractive program for
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00227-00081706-00081893 young researchers those who are doing
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00228-00081894-00082157 PhD and they want to do some kind of
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00229-00082158-00082412 training either in India or in France
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00230-00082413-00082643 which is called Ramon topic fellowship
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00231-00082644-00083143 which is started in 2013 so out of these
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00232-00083144-00083880 43 43 out of 1 in 1 1 8 118 fellows were
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00233-00083881-00084251 women PhD students so this this number
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00234-00084252-00084510 is very very increasing for women
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00235-00084511-00084731 scientists so this information detail is
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00236-00084732-00085134 available in chapter 10 a s on again a
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00237-00085135-00085374 very prestigious European School of
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00238-00085375-00085586 nanoscience and nanotechnology in
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00239-00085587-00086034 Grenoble where almost 50% fellows the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00240-00086035-00086328 PhD students who were support advice if
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00241-00086329-00086616 we bruh were woman scientists so 21 out
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00242-00086617-00087149 of 46 now if you look at the key
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00243-00087150-00087544 findings so sixteen point four one
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00244-00087545-00087938 percent of P I is in Saphira under C SRP
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00245-00087939-00088307 program having woman the country wise if
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00246-00088308-00088572 you look at the fifteen point four two
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00247-00088573-00088866 percent for Indian woman scientist and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00248-00088867-00089150 seventeen point four one for France the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00249-00089151-00089409 India's current data which was presented
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00250-00089410-00089681 in Manipur in March in science congress
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00251-00089682-00090113 is fourteen percent of course the french
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00252-00090114-00090459 data is much higher than this but the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00253-00090460-00090824 syphilis supporter project has you know
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00254-00090825-00091136 shown that there were sixteen point four
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00255-00091137-00091791 one average PA were woman domain of LHS
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00256-00091792-00091982 which is life in health sciences has a
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00257-00091983-00092143 strong preference
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00258-00092144-00092404 woman followed by material science and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00259-00092405-00092653 physics in both the countries and there
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00260-00092654-00092926 are many more areas like you have
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00261-00092927-00093142 chemistry you have planetary science you
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00262-00093143-00093325 have computational science you have
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00263-00093326-00093616 mathematics every area is represented by
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00264-00093617-00093884 women but I am talking about the highest
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00265-00093885-00094225 number which is shown or which is which
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00266-00094226-00094421 has come out as a result of this
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00267-00094422-00094634 analysis is life and health sciences
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00268-00094635-00094893 seven patents have been filed
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00269-00094894-00095242 42 43 % projects for women P I this I
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00270-00095243-00095353 have already explained
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00271-00095354-00095759 so in all approximately 80% of the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00272-00095760-00096109 projects undertaken by by women were
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00273-00096110-00096424 graded as excellent and very good three
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00274-00096425-00096604 out of five this I have already so this
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00275-00096605-00096856 is the summary of the book which is
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00276-00096857-00097093 available in the executive summary there
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00277-00097094-00097438 so nine women pap is out of 37 projects
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00278-00097439-00097663 in targeted and innovation programs so
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00279-00097664-00097922 scientific outcome or projects involving
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00280-00097923-00098284 women were significantly based on common
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00281-00098285-00098528 indicators which we took and this is
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00282-00098529-00098794 presented to all of you thank you very
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00283-00098795-00099872 much for your patience yeah last slide
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00284-00099873-00100322 so since madam IR is here so I would
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00285-00100323-00100762 like to tell that we we are benefited by
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00286-00100763-00101287 her advice as a woman co-chair and in
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00287-00101288-00101647 fact before her was again a woman
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00288-00101648-00102151 co-chair madam griot and say fibra I am
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00289-00102152-00102436 the fifth director of C fibra so C fibra
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00290-00102438-00103158 also had a woman director in 2010 and 12
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00291-00103159-00103600 so if I look at the data of the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00292-00103601-00103927 scientific staff of Saphira like I have
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00293-00103928-00104324 four women scientists s compared to one
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00294-00104325-00104665 men scientists there in sofia office so
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00295-00104666-00104890 so women scientists are working very
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00296-00104891-00105257 well in C fibra system so thank you very
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00297-00105258-00105515 much ma'am for your guidance
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00298-00105516-00105851 timely your visionary ideas which we do
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00299-00105852-00106166 get all the time thank you very much for
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00300-00106167-00106502 your time which you have given here for
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00301-00106503-00106739 coming and attending this function thank
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00302-00106740-00106940 you very much and releasing this book I
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00303-00106941-00107686 am very very thankful to you okay you
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00304-00107688-00107957 think you dr. Kumar maybe we can have a
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00305-00107958-00108266 picture outside you want to add some
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00306-00108267-00108835 words if if formally I have to say both
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00307-00108836-00109088 of thanks that is also written there so
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00308-00109089-00109390 I'm thankful to all the invitees here
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00309-00109391-00109940 the CNRS is definitely has provided not
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00310-00109941-00110282 only this hall but so much facilities
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00311-00110283-00110594 which are well appreciated here and in
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00312-00110595-00110855 fact I would like to convey my sincere
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00313-00110856-00111188 thanks to all the speakers all the
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00314-00111189-00111593 co-chair for coordinators and dr. Rohini
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00315-00111594-00111821 God Boulais and some of the PI's of
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00316-00111822-00112076 Saphira project who are there today and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00317-00112077-00112331 the former scientific council members
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00318-00112332-00112659 are also here so thank you very much for
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00319-00112660-00113114 your attendance here and in fact I also
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00320-00113115-00113546 thank my own office there sati devi who
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00321-00113547-00113750 is there and the people those who are
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00322-00113751-00114017 back at home in sofia prof is there in
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00323-00114018-00114542 New Delhi Kunal pile and Namid and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00324-00114543-00115016 neeraj and part mana one they all have
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00325-00115017-00115205 worked very hard for organizing this
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00326-00115206-00115607 meeting and I also count dr. Serena
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00327-00115608-00115997 Kaveri in my team if you don't mind that
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00328-00115998-00116327 because we work very closely together
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00329-00116328-00116639 there so thank you dr. Sweeney and thank
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00330-00116640-00116705 you everybody
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00331-00116706-00117056 each one of you thank you very much and
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00332-00117057-00117338 Indian Embassy of course and French
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00333-00117339-00117602 Embassy dr. idle is not there but dr.
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00334-00117603-00117893 Adel is always supportive of any program
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00335-00117894-00118103 undertaken by Saphira thank you very
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00336-00118104-00118303 much
+rxNNwLNSfp0-00337-00118304-00118509 you
+rzBckm8kP6E-00000-00000000-00000245 research and branding group Ukrainian
+rzBckm8kP6E-00001-00000246-00000440 vas let Nikita Bren consulting over
+rzBckm8kP6E-00002-00000441-00000668 Campania is a Ukrainian non-governmental
+rzBckm8kP6E-00003-00000669-00000893 marketing and sociological research
+rzBckm8kP6E-00004-00000894-00001187 company according to Ukrainian media the
+rzBckm8kP6E-00005-00001188-00001418 company cooperated with Party of Regions
+rzBckm8kP6E-00006-00001419-00001657 to an extent it falsified numbers
+rzBckm8kP6E-00007-00001659-00001880 research and branding undertake a number
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+rzBckm8kP6E-00009-00002133-00002384 opinion polls on public policy public
+rzBckm8kP6E-00010-00002385-00002717 opinion and politics in Ukraine its
+rzBckm8kP6E-00011-00002718-00002945 reports are widely published within and
+rzBckm8kP6E-00012-00002946-00003191 outside of Ukraine and form the basis of
+rzBckm8kP6E-00013-00003192-00003419 development of political strategy and
+rzBckm8kP6E-00014-00003420-00003758 public policy the research and branding
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+rzBckm8kP6E-00017-00004293-00004535 marketing and sociological researchers
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+rzBckm8kP6E-00021-00005357-00005600 socio-political situation in regions
+rzBckm8kP6E-00022-00005601-00005813 developments of election campaign
+rzBckm8kP6E-00023-00005814-00006026 strategies analysis of risks of
+rzBckm8kP6E-00024-00006027-00006356 political investments topic professional
+rzBckm8kP6E-00025-00006357-00006608 associations research and branding group
+rzBckm8kP6E-00026-00006609-00006809 is member of Ukrainian marketing
+rzBckm8kP6E-00027-00006809-00007078 association boomer and also a member of
+rzBckm8kP6E-00028-00007079-00007321 the European Society of public opinion
+rzBckm8kP6E-00029-00007322-00007585 researchers and marketing s OMA whilst
+rzBckm8kP6E-00030-00007586-00007805 conducting research as they adhere to
+rzBckm8kP6E-00031-00007806-00007984 quality standards of marketing
+rzBckm8kP6E-00032-00007986-00008189 researchers of boomer and the ESO Mar
+rzBckm8kP6E-00033-00008190-00008423 codex that guarantee the accordance of
+rzBckm8kP6E-00034-00008424-00008570 their work with national and
+rzBckm8kP6E-00035-00008571-00008900 international standards
+r__bj44rycQ-00000-00000079-00000390 [Music]
+r__bj44rycQ-00001-00000391-00000675 uh
+r__bj44rycQ-00002-00000676-00001780 [Music]
+r__bj44rycQ-00003-00001780-00004127 [Music]
+r__bj44rycQ-00004-00004128-00005034 so
+r__bj44rycQ-00005-00005035-00005918 [Music]
+r__bj44rycQ-00006-00005919-00006268 foreign
+r__bj44rycQ-00007-00006269-00007472 [Music]
+r__bj44rycQ-00008-00007473-00007959 [Music]
+r__bj44rycQ-00009-00007959-00008260 foreign
+rDE34-5sMFE-00000-00000000-00000202 and products you have so many new
+rDE34-5sMFE-00001-00000204-00000509 products that no one knows of nobody
+rDE34-5sMFE-00002-00000509-00001187 knows about them but they're here
+rDE34-5sMFE-00003-00001188-00001385 we have this wonderful activity book
+rDE34-5sMFE-00004-00001386-00001577 we'll be promoting
+rDE34-5sMFE-00005-00001578-00001702 um if you're on the email list you'll
+rDE34-5sMFE-00006-00001703-00001876 probably get a small discount for that
+rDE34-5sMFE-00007-00001877-00002159 starting in the New Year yes it takes
+rDE34-5sMFE-00008-00002160-00002410 you through intro to level two it's like
+rDE34-5sMFE-00009-00002411-00002657 a checklist of tricks if you're down
+rDE34-5sMFE-00010-00002658-00002842 with checklists I know a lot of people
+rDE34-5sMFE-00011-00002843-00003113 aren't but some people are and you need
+rDE34-5sMFE-00012-00003114-00003293 a checklist so that is provided with
+rDE34-5sMFE-00013-00003294-00003515 pictures and everything yes and we have
+rDE34-5sMFE-00014-00003515-00003719 these beautiful poll cards that made the
+rDE34-5sMFE-00015-00003720-00004338 the majority of the workout
+rDE34-5sMFE-00016-00004339-00004583 they're similar to the posters we have
+rDE34-5sMFE-00017-00004584-00004781 beginner and intermediate and more to
+rDE34-5sMFE-00018-00004782-00004901 come
+rDE34-5sMFE-00019-00004902-00005141 um but you get the picture the name of
+rDE34-5sMFE-00020-00005142-00005291 the trick and the variety of names
+rDE34-5sMFE-00021-00005292-00005429 because you know some poetrics comes
+rDE34-5sMFE-00022-00005430-00005615 with more and then a QR code where you
+rDE34-5sMFE-00023-00005616-00005930 can scan with your phone
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00000-00000107-00000508 foreign
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00001-00000509-00003251 [Music]
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00002-00003252-00003378 foreign
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00003-00003379-00004625 [Music]
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00004-00004626-00006490 [Music]
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00005-00006491-00006766 [Music]
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00006-00006767-00007596 [Applause]
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00007-00007597-00008195 thank you
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00008-00008196-00008549 a local train stands for children is
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00009-00008550-00009008 arriving at track two
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00010-00009009-00010824 [Music]
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00011-00010825-00011208 thank you
+rJ9X8DeOBto-00012-00011209-00011744 [Music]
+rJNuSAoh304-00000-00000574-00001552 [Music]
+rJNuSAoh304-00001-00001553-00001872 but why and how how is it that we
+rJNuSAoh304-00002-00001873-00002039 achieve this intense feeling or throw
+rJNuSAoh304-00003-00002041-00002318 doing all these crazy things let's find
+rJNuSAoh304-00004-00002319-00002541 out well it all starts in this place in
+rJNuSAoh304-00005-00002542-00002730 your brain called the amygdala which is
+rJNuSAoh304-00006-00002731-00002871 basically where all your emotions are
+rJNuSAoh304-00007-00002872-00003134 generated of course not all of us have
+rJNuSAoh304-00008-00003135-00003488 the same capacity for scale so why are
+rJNuSAoh304-00009-00003489-00003696 some of us thrill-seekers and others not
+rJNuSAoh304-00010-00003697-00003933 well people with thinner sections of
+rJNuSAoh304-00011-00003934-00004104 gray matter in the brain tend to pursue
+rJNuSAoh304-00012-00004105-00004293 the stimulus as less dangerous and
+rJNuSAoh304-00013-00004294-00004497 therefore those people are the ones that
+rJNuSAoh304-00014-00004498-00004797 have become feral seekers that's not
+rJNuSAoh304-00015-00004798-00004879 what I mean
+rJNuSAoh304-00016-00004880-00005169 anyways that doesn't quite fully explain
+rJNuSAoh304-00017-00005170-00005643 the phenomenon of throw
+rJNuSAoh304-00018-00005644-00005773 [Music]
+rJNuSAoh304-00019-00005774-00006173 dude you're not there are a few things
+rJNuSAoh304-00020-00006174-00006332 that occur when the brain is encountered
+rJNuSAoh304-00021-00006333-00006545 with a threat first the amygdala
+rJNuSAoh304-00022-00006545-00006740 releases a combination of chemicals that
+rJNuSAoh304-00023-00006741-00006968 includes adrenaline dopamine and
+rJNuSAoh304-00024-00006969-00007265 endorphins dopamine has many functions
+rJNuSAoh304-00025-00007266-00007451 in the brain including telling the brain
+rJNuSAoh304-00026-00007452-00007655 that there is a potential reward that
+rJNuSAoh304-00027-00007656-00007961 the guard is conquered as a response
+rJNuSAoh304-00028-00007962-00008201 intensifies the brain sends testosterone
+rJNuSAoh304-00029-00008202-00008414 streaming into the body this both
+rJNuSAoh304-00030-00008415-00008588 strength giving the person a better
+rJNuSAoh304-00031-00008589-00008924 chance at success because adrenaline
+rJNuSAoh304-00032-00008925-00009131 also shoots into the body it increases
+rJNuSAoh304-00033-00009132-00009326 heart rate but the heart beating faster
+rJNuSAoh304-00034-00009327-00009485 the brain and muscles get more oxygen
+rJNuSAoh304-00035-00009486-00009724 the body reroute to the oxygen to the
+rJNuSAoh304-00036-00009725-00009949 brain as fast as he can and because of
+rJNuSAoh304-00037-00009950-00010139 the flow of all these chemicals we
+rJNuSAoh304-00038-00010140-00010868 achieved this feeling of throw and that
+rJNuSAoh304-00039-00010869-00011369 is also why some of us keep going on now
+rJNuSAoh304-00040-00011370-00011513 you might know why you or your friend
+rJNuSAoh304-00041-00011514-00011702 might love throws if you liked that
+rJNuSAoh304-00042-00011703-00011933 video subscribe smash that like button
+rJNuSAoh304-00043-00011934-00012149 and comment down below any questions you
+rJNuSAoh304-00044-00012150-00012287 might have or anything you'd like to see
+rJNuSAoh304-00045-00012288-00012437 in the Nightside youtube channel that
+rJNuSAoh304-00046-00012438-00012766 being said see you guys next time
+rJNuSAoh304-00047-00012767-00013605 [Music]
+rNP1H0NtW7Q-00000-00000028-00001998 [Music]
+rNP1H0NtW7Q-00001-00002000-00002145 so
+rNP1H0NtW7Q-00002-00002146-00003072 [Music]
+rNP1H0NtW7Q-00003-00003073-00003672 [Music]
+rNP1H0NtW7Q-00004-00003672-00005745 [Music]
+rNP1H0NtW7Q-00005-00005746-00007747 [Music]
+rNP1H0NtW7Q-00006-00007748-00009023 [Music]
+rNP1H0NtW7Q-00007-00009024-00009742 do
+rNP1H0NtW7Q-00008-00009743-00010527 [Music]
+rNP1H0NtW7Q-00009-00010528-00010672 so
+rNP1H0NtW7Q-00010-00010673-00011991 [Music]
+rNP1H0NtW7Q-00011-00011992-00012200 you
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00000-00000046-00000320 greenhouse gas removal projects are a
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00001-00000321-00000551 type of climate engineering that seek to
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00002-00000552-00000719 remove greenhouse gases from the
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00003-00000720-00000935 atmosphere and thus they tackle the root
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00004-00000936-00001085 cause of global warming
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00005-00001086-00001364 these techniques either directly remove
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00006-00001365-00001625 greenhouse gases or alternatively seek
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00007-00001626-00001843 to influence natural processes to remove
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00008-00001844-00002150 greenhouse gases indirectly the
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00009-00002151-00002330 discipline overlaps with carbon capture
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00010-00002331-00002612 and storage and carbon sequestration and
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00011-00002613-00002804 some projects listed may not be
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00012-00002805-00003010 considered to be climate engineering by
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00013-00003011-00003242 all commentators instead being described
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00014-00003243-00003818 as mitigation
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00015-00003819-00004539 topic carbon sequestration a wide range
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00016-00004540-00004731 of techniques for carbon sequestration
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00017-00004732-00004830 exist
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00018-00004831-00005079 these range from ideas to remove co2
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00019-00005080-00005367 from the atmosphere carbon dioxide air
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00020-00005368-00005607 capture flue gases carbon capture and
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00021-00005608-00005826 storage and by preventing carbon in
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00022-00005827-00005993 biomass from re-entering the atmosphere
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00023-00005994-00006285 such as with bioenergy with carbon
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00024-00006286-00007014 capture and storage B CCS
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00025-00007015-00007343 topic pyrogenic carbon capture and
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00026-00007344-00007780 storage
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00027-00007781-00008054 pyrogenic carbon capture and storage is
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00028-00008055-00008270 discussed as a promising technology of
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00029-00008271-00008582 greenhouse gas removal pyrolysis is
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00030-00008583-00008933 described by Werner at al 2018 as the
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00031-00008934-00009269 thermal treatment of biomass at 350
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00032-00009270-00009574 degrees Celsius to 900 degrees Celsius
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00033-00009575-00009935 in an oxygen deficient atmosphere three
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00034-00009936-00010208 main carbonaceous products are generated
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00035-00010209-00010445 during this process which can be stored
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00036-00010446-00010660 subsequently in different ways to
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00037-00010661-00010931 produce negative emissions a solid bio
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00038-00010932-00011168 core as soil amendment a pyrolytic
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00039-00011169-00011456 liquid bio-oil pumped into depleted
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00040-00011457-00011716 fossil oil repositories and permanent
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00041-00011717-00011984 pyro gas dominated by the combustible
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00042-00011985-00012338 gases co h 2 in ch4 that may be
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00043-00012339-00012616 transferred as co2 to geological
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00044-00012617-00012968 storages after combustion a different
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00045-00012969-00013196 procedure has been proposed by Ezra Phil
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00046-00013197-00013481 Zarda at al 2019 that makes it possible
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00047-00013482-00013760 to create biochar under room temperature
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00048-00013761-00014469 using liquid metal electra catalysts
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00049-00014470-00014688 topic chlorophyll
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00050-00014688-00015338 Carbon photochemistry atmospheric
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00051-00015338-00015627 chlorofluorocarbon CFC removal is an
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00052-00015628-00015840 idea which suggests using lasers to
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00053-00015841-00016110 break up CFCs an important family of
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00054-00016111-00016923 greenhouse gases in the atmosphere topic
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00055-00016924-00017538 methane removal methane potentially
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00056-00017539-00017757 poses major challenges for remediation
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00057-00017758-00018054 it is around 20 times as powerful a
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00058-00018055-00018414 greenhouse gases co2 large quantities
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00059-00018415-00018618 may be outcasts from permafrost and
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00060-00018619-00018837 clathrates as a result of global warming
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00061-00018838-00019080 notably in the Arctic there are existing
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00062-00019081-00019428 climate engineering proposals methane is
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00063-00019429-00019647 removed by several natural processes
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00064-00019648-00019962 which can be enhanced chemical
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00065-00019963-00020256 decomposition reaction with hydroxyl
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00066-00020257-00020481 radicals produced from photochemical
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00067-00020482-00020637 decomposition of ozone in the
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00068-00020638-00021075 stratosphere biological decomposition by
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00069-00021076-00021722 methanol off since oils and water
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00070-00021723-00022467 topic costs in 2018 the Mercator
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00071-00022468-00022719 Research Institute on global Commons and
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00072-00022720-00022936 climate change published a report on the
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00073-00022937-00023167 costs potentials and side-effects of
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00074-00023168-00023389 seven greenhouse gas removal techniques
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00075-00023390-00023569 it revealed that the costs differ
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00076-00023570-00023739 between the techniques but are in the
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00077-00023740-00024000 order of 100 to 300 United States
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00078-00024001-00024740 dollars per eliminated tonne of co2
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00079-00024741-00025484 topic see also carbon negative fuel
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00080-00025485-00025887 solar radiation management climate
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00081-00025888-00026208 change mitigation avoiding dangerous
+rO4_GUXIJZA-00082-00026208-00026487 climate change
+rOhgDqG785u-00000-00000016-00000214 hi guys my name is ben from ben's guide
+rOhgDqG785u-00001-00000215-00000415 and thank you for joining me for today's
+rOhgDqG785u-00002-00000416-00000495 video it's
+rOhgDqG785u-00003-00000496-00000663 always great to have you now in the
+rOhgDqG785u-00004-00000664-00000807 video today i'm going to be sharing with
+rOhgDqG785u-00005-00000808-00000975 you this awesome little device right
+rOhgDqG785u-00006-00000976-00001039 here
+rOhgDqG785u-00007-00001040-00001311 the ink bend box video wireless
+rOhgDqG785u-00008-00001312-00001399 transmitter
+rOhgDqG785u-00009-00001400-00001623 a bit of a mouthful this is a brilliant
+rOhgDqG785u-00010-00001623-00001823 little device for filmmakers
+rOhgDqG785u-00011-00001823-00002118 and video creators like myself and maybe
+rOhgDqG785u-00012-00002119-00002310 like some of you guys watching
+rOhgDqG785u-00013-00002311-00002487 what you can do is connect this to your
+rOhgDqG785u-00014-00002488-00002702 camera and then while you're recording
+rOhgDqG785u-00015-00002703-00002767 video
+rOhgDqG785u-00016-00002768-00003039 send out a wireless signal to connect to
+rOhgDqG785u-00017-00003040-00003215 external devices
+rOhgDqG785u-00018-00003215-00003359 this means that you can use these
+rOhgDqG785u-00019-00003360-00003551 external devices like your
+rOhgDqG785u-00020-00003552-00003879 mobile phone your laptop pc mac
+rOhgDqG785u-00021-00003879-00004167 whatever it is you use to actually view
+rOhgDqG785u-00022-00004168-00004238 what you're
+rOhgDqG785u-00023-00004239-00004495 filming on your camera but it gets
+rOhgDqG785u-00024-00004496-00004670 better because you can also control your
+rOhgDqG785u-00025-00004671-00004783 camera with them
+rOhgDqG785u-00026-00004784-00004983 as well now some of you right now might
+rOhgDqG785u-00027-00004984-00005175 be thinking it's quite similar to an
+rOhgDqG785u-00028-00005176-00005295 external monitor
+rOhgDqG785u-00029-00005296-00005559 and it is but there are some added
+rOhgDqG785u-00030-00005560-00005631 benefits
+rOhgDqG785u-00031-00005632-00005879 you see with this device you can stream
+rOhgDqG785u-00032-00005880-00006070 up to four devices
+rOhgDqG785u-00033-00006071-00006327 at one time you can't do that with an
+rOhgDqG785u-00034-00006328-00006495 external monitor now this is
+rOhgDqG785u-00035-00006495-00006767 really really good for collaborations if
+rOhgDqG785u-00036-00006768-00006846 you've got a
+rOhgDqG785u-00037-00006847-00007078 big video production team and so you've
+rOhgDqG785u-00038-00007079-00007278 got lighting you've got makeup
+rOhgDqG785u-00039-00007279-00007527 and you need them to be viewing the film
+rOhgDqG785u-00040-00007528-00007655 while it's being recorded
+rOhgDqG785u-00041-00007656-00007814 or if you're just someone that's
+rOhgDqG785u-00042-00007815-00007998 collaborating on youtube
+rOhgDqG785u-00043-00008000-00008278 and you want to see what's going on
+rOhgDqG785u-00044-00008279-00008455 while the film is taking place
+rOhgDqG785u-00045-00008456-00008703 then more of you than one person can do
+rOhgDqG785u-00046-00008704-00008878 so now if that's not the case and
+rOhgDqG785u-00047-00008879-00008935 actually
+rOhgDqG785u-00048-00008936-00009110 you just make videos you don't want to
+rOhgDqG785u-00049-00009111-00009278 collaborate which is fine
+rOhgDqG785u-00050-00009279-00009471 what you can do is you can actually just
+rOhgDqG785u-00051-00009472-00009735 use this as an external monitor as well
+rOhgDqG785u-00052-00009736-00009910 which means that you can record on your
+rOhgDqG785u-00053-00009911-00010127 camera and then see the footage on a
+rOhgDqG785u-00054-00010128-00010223 bigger screen
+rOhgDqG785u-00055-00010224-00010503 than your camera's lcd now for me one of
+rOhgDqG785u-00056-00010504-00010631 the most attractive things
+rOhgDqG785u-00057-00010632-00010887 about this product is got to be the
+rOhgDqG785u-00058-00010888-00010935 price
+rOhgDqG785u-00059-00010936-00011231 you see wireless video transmitters
+rOhgDqG785u-00060-00011232-00011327 they're not cheap
+rOhgDqG785u-00061-00011328-00011542 if you take teradek which is probably
+rOhgDqG785u-00062-00011543-00011695 one of the most well known in the
+rOhgDqG785u-00063-00011696-00011791 industry
+rOhgDqG785u-00064-00011792-00012063 just for their budget or their lowest
+rOhgDqG785u-00065-00012064-00012119 cost
+rOhgDqG785u-00066-00012120-00012351 system it's gonna cost you a thousand
+rOhgDqG785u-00067-00012352-00012463 pound or more
+rOhgDqG785u-00068-00012464-00012735 now if you take this ben box system here
+rOhgDqG785u-00069-00012736-00012846 which is designed for
+rOhgDqG785u-00070-00012847-00013094 small creators and small video
+rOhgDqG785u-00071-00013095-00013215 production teams
+rOhgDqG785u-00072-00013216-00013503 then this is going to cost you about 109
+rOhgDqG785u-00073-00013504-00013686 pounds or a hundred dollars
+rOhgDqG785u-00074-00013687-00013983 which is significantly less money now if
+rOhgDqG785u-00075-00013984-00014127 you're wondering to yourself how does
+rOhgDqG785u-00076-00014128-00014286 this guy actually work
+rOhgDqG785u-00077-00014287-00014455 i'm going to show you in this part of
+rOhgDqG785u-00078-00014456-00014622 the video very quickly
+rOhgDqG785u-00079-00014623-00014807 how that you can quickly set it up and
+rOhgDqG785u-00080-00014808-00015063 connect it to an external device
+rOhgDqG785u-00081-00015063-00015230 so first up you want to start by
+rOhgDqG785u-00082-00015231-00015463 downloading the app from the product
+rOhgDqG785u-00083-00015463-00015747 site all you got to do is type in
+rOhgDqG785u-00084-00015747-00015958 inkay.com and this is going to take you
+rOhgDqG785u-00085-00015959-00016143 right there
+rOhgDqG785u-00086-00016144-00016319 when you're here you want to make sure
+rOhgDqG785u-00087-00016319-00016527 that you click on the download tab and
+rOhgDqG785u-00088-00016528-00016655 this is going to give you
+rOhgDqG785u-00089-00016656-00016967 your download options so you've got ios
+rOhgDqG785u-00090-00016968-00017335 for iphone android mac os
+rOhgDqG785u-00091-00017336-00017886 and finally windows for laptop and pc
+rOhgDqG785u-00092-00017887-00018014 when you've done that you want to make
+rOhgDqG785u-00093-00018015-00018207 sure you connect the bend box to your
+rOhgDqG785u-00094-00018208-00018375 camera's hot shoe
+rOhgDqG785u-00095-00018376-00018583 and then power it on by clicking down
+rOhgDqG785u-00096-00018584-00018694 once
+rOhgDqG785u-00097-00018695-00018927 and then clicking and holding again and
+rOhgDqG785u-00098-00018928-00019047 then you'll see that the battery
+rOhgDqG785u-00099-00019048-00019127 indicators
+rOhgDqG785u-00100-00019128-00019511 stay on you've got a usb
+rOhgDqG785u-00101-00019512-00019758 and hdmi connection and you're going to
+rOhgDqG785u-00102-00019759-00019958 need to connect these into your camera
+rOhgDqG785u-00103-00019959-00020214 using the leads provided now you'll have
+rOhgDqG785u-00104-00020215-00020303 the usb
+rOhgDqG785u-00105-00020304-00020591 lead in the box but you will need to get
+rOhgDqG785u-00106-00020592-00020735 a hdmi lead
+rOhgDqG785u-00107-00020736-00021191 if that's what your camera has access to
+rOhgDqG785u-00108-00021192-00021335 you're going to need to connect
+rOhgDqG785u-00109-00021336-00021622 your wi-fi of your device to the ben box
+rOhgDqG785u-00110-00021623-00021839 itself so you've got a strong connection
+rOhgDqG785u-00111-00021840-00022119 between the two devices and voila that's
+rOhgDqG785u-00112-00022120-00022150 it
+rOhgDqG785u-00113-00022151-00022343 so you're now connected and you can see
+rOhgDqG785u-00114-00022344-00022535 everything through your camera
+rOhgDqG785u-00115-00022536-00022719 and that's displayed on your external
+rOhgDqG785u-00116-00022720-00023047 device
+rOhgDqG785u-00117-00023048-00023222 now just a quick pointer i'm going to
+rOhgDqG785u-00118-00023223-00023414 tell you that you can actually record
+rOhgDqG785u-00119-00023415-00023630 and capture on the app by pressing the
+rOhgDqG785u-00120-00023631-00023791 record button here
+rOhgDqG785u-00121-00023792-00024103 you can also take photos and you can do
+rOhgDqG785u-00122-00024104-00024271 a bunch of other things like change your
+rOhgDqG785u-00123-00024272-00024358 shutter speed
+rOhgDqG785u-00124-00024359-00024703 aperture and also your iso
+rOhgDqG785u-00125-00024704-00024935 you can also change your resolution by
+rOhgDqG785u-00126-00024936-00025103 clicking on this area here
+rOhgDqG785u-00127-00025104-00025271 and you've got a few other options as
+rOhgDqG785u-00128-00025272-00025486 well you've got zebra lines which is a
+rOhgDqG785u-00129-00025487-00025670 really cool feature which you find on a
+rOhgDqG785u-00130-00025672-00025878 lot of external monitors
+rOhgDqG785u-00131-00025879-00026143 and you've got grid displays just so you
+rOhgDqG785u-00132-00026144-00026255 can do that as well
+rOhgDqG785u-00133-00026256-00026558 and finally you've got lutz a look up
+rOhgDqG785u-00134-00026560-00026774 table which is a really cool feature
+rOhgDqG785u-00135-00026775-00027374 to have on this video transmitter
+rOhgDqG785u-00136-00027375-00027543 now the battery on this device lasts
+rOhgDqG785u-00137-00027544-00027790 about three and a half hours which is
+rOhgDqG785u-00138-00027791-00028079 pretty good but it's not amazing and if
+rOhgDqG785u-00139-00028080-00028199 you do want to actually
+rOhgDqG785u-00140-00028200-00028462 record for longer the good news is you
+rOhgDqG785u-00141-00028463-00028518 can do
+rOhgDqG785u-00142-00028519-00028758 you see you've got a usb connection
+rOhgDqG785u-00143-00028760-00028967 which you can connect a power bank
+rOhgDqG785u-00144-00028968-00029207 from the one side into this wireless
+rOhgDqG785u-00145-00029208-00029287 transmitter
+rOhgDqG785u-00146-00029288-00029439 and then that means you can carry on
+rOhgDqG785u-00147-00029439-00029702 charging it while you carry on recording
+rOhgDqG785u-00148-00029704-00029911 now something i haven't mentioned is
+rOhgDqG785u-00149-00029912-00030158 that you can record at a distance
+rOhgDqG785u-00150-00030160-00030479 of up to 50 meters while using this
+rOhgDqG785u-00151-00030480-00030655 wireless transmitter which is really
+rOhgDqG785u-00152-00030656-00030823 impressive because if you want to record
+rOhgDqG785u-00153-00030824-00030902 a distance
+rOhgDqG785u-00154-00030903-00031102 then you have the option to do that you
+rOhgDqG785u-00155-00031103-00031239 don't have to be standing right next to
+rOhgDqG785u-00156-00031239-00031335 your camera
+rOhgDqG785u-00157-00031336-00031543 and then viewing it on your external
+rOhgDqG785u-00158-00031544-00031646 monitor
+rOhgDqG785u-00159-00031647-00031823 what i will say is though that if you go
+rOhgDqG785u-00160-00031824-00032055 over this 50 meters you will start to
+rOhgDqG785u-00161-00032056-00032151 lose signal
+rOhgDqG785u-00162-00032152-00032302 and then it will get a little bit
+rOhgDqG785u-00163-00032303-00032495 sketchy so it's best to keep it within
+rOhgDqG785u-00164-00032495-00032655 this 50 meter range
+rOhgDqG785u-00165-00032656-00032935 and then you're on to a gooden lastly i
+rOhgDqG785u-00166-00032936-00033039 think i'm going to mention
+rOhgDqG785u-00167-00033040-00033302 something which is the latency delay now
+rOhgDqG785u-00168-00033303-00033495 some of you might be asking yourselves
+rOhgDqG785u-00169-00033496-00033702 is there a delay when you're recording
+rOhgDqG785u-00170-00033703-00033823 over wi-fi
+rOhgDqG785u-00171-00033824-00034143 using this product the answer is yes
+rOhgDqG785u-00172-00034144-00034407 but it's a tiny delay now i recorded
+rOhgDqG785u-00173-00034408-00034446 this
+rOhgDqG785u-00174-00034447-00034727 at about a fifteenth of a second which
+rOhgDqG785u-00175-00034728-00034774 is
+rOhgDqG785u-00176-00034775-00034999 really nothing at all but if you're
+rOhgDqG785u-00177-00035000-00035223 someone that wants no delay at all
+rOhgDqG785u-00178-00035224-00035399 then you are going to get a slight delay
+rOhgDqG785u-00179-00035400-00035583 using these products but honestly it
+rOhgDqG785u-00180-00035584-00035718 makes no difference so
+rOhgDqG785u-00181-00035719-00035887 it's not something that will bother any
+rOhgDqG785u-00182-00035888-00036046 of you in the real world
+rOhgDqG785u-00183-00036047-00036174 i'm going to wrap this video up by
+rOhgDqG785u-00184-00036175-00036455 saying that this is a great little
+rOhgDqG785u-00185-00036456-00036751 product now of course there are video
+rOhgDqG785u-00186-00036752-00036879 wireless transmitters
+rOhgDqG785u-00187-00036880-00037159 in the market which have more options
+rOhgDqG785u-00188-00037160-00037255 available
+rOhgDqG785u-00189-00037256-00037495 and ones that can record at longer
+rOhgDqG785u-00190-00037496-00037687 distances of course there are
+rOhgDqG785u-00191-00037688-00037927 and that's why this is cheaper because
+rOhgDqG785u-00192-00037928-00038046 it's for people
+rOhgDqG785u-00193-00038047-00038239 looking to get the benefits of a
+rOhgDqG785u-00194-00038240-00038374 wireless transmitter
+rOhgDqG785u-00195-00038375-00038711 but at a lot lower cost now if you
+rOhgDqG785u-00196-00038712-00038862 are someone that's interested in this
+rOhgDqG785u-00197-00038863-00039062 product then be sure to check out the
+rOhgDqG785u-00198-00039063-00039215 link in the description
+rOhgDqG785u-00199-00039216-00039374 where if it's clicked through i will
+rOhgDqG785u-00200-00039375-00039518 make a small commission
+rOhgDqG785u-00201-00039519-00039735 which helps me keep this channel going
+rOhgDqG785u-00202-00039736-00039871 and they are all
+rOhgDqG785u-00203-00039872-00040087 very much appreciated i hope you've
+rOhgDqG785u-00204-00040088-00040287 enjoyed the video today guys and if you
+rOhgDqG785u-00205-00040288-00040423 have give it a like
+rOhgDqG785u-00206-00040424-00040615 and also let me know what you think of
+rOhgDqG785u-00207-00040616-00040815 this product and whatever you do for the
+rOhgDqG785u-00208-00040816-00040958 rest of the day make sure it's a good
+rOhgDqG785u-00209-00040959-00041007 one
+rOhgDqG785u-00210-00041008-00043327 and i'll see you in the next video
+rOhgDqG785u-00211-00043328-00043536 you
+rOQHy2tElCy-00001-00005994-00006251 foreign
+rOQHy2tElCy-00002-00006252-00008854 [Music]
+rOQHy2tElCy-00003-00008855-00010733 [Music]
+rOQHy2tElCy-00005-00015688-00016144 [Music]
+rOQHy2tElCy-00006-00016145-00016415 foreign
+rOQHy2tElCy-00007-00016416-00016727 thank you thank you prime minister for
+rOQHy2tElCy-00008-00016728-00016930 this very warm welcome and it's a great
+rOQHy2tElCy-00009-00016931-00017147 pleasure and a great honor to visit
+rOQHy2tElCy-00010-00017148-00017453 Japan and re-energize our relations at
+rOQHy2tElCy-00011-00017454-00017797 the top level after nearly two decades
+rOQHy2tElCy-00012-00017798-00018185 Greece and Japan represent two ancient
+rOQHy2tElCy-00013-00018186-00018383 cultures with unique contributions
+rOQHy2tElCy-00014-00018384-00018683 towards civilization there are also two
+rOQHy2tElCy-00015-00018684-00018953 modern Nations to strong democracies
+rOQHy2tElCy-00016-00018954-00019222 faced with similar challenges and would
+rOQHy2tElCy-00017-00019223-00019499 see eye to eye on key Global and
+rOQHy2tElCy-00018-00019500-00019780 Regional issues I'm very happy about the
+rOQHy2tElCy-00019-00019781-00019972 fact that we are signing a joint
+rOQHy2tElCy-00020-00019973-00020314 statement on strategic partnership with
+rOQHy2tElCy-00021-00020315-00020483 this statement our countries are
+rOQHy2tElCy-00022-00020484-00020717 significantly upgrading their strategic
+rOQHy2tElCy-00023-00020718-00021022 relations and we are inaugurating a
+rOQHy2tElCy-00024-00021023-00021286 close area of cooperation across the
+rOQHy2tElCy-00025-00021287-00021707 spectrum of various different policy
+rOQHy2tElCy-00026-00021708-00022093 areas political economic climate digital
+rOQHy2tElCy-00027-00022094-00022499 education cultural tourism uh and this
+rOQHy2tElCy-00028-00022500-00022703 document that we will be signing is
+rOQHy2tElCy-00029-00022704-00022943 going to be our Compass guiding the
+rOQHy2tElCy-00030-00022944-00023236 development of the full potential of our
+rOQHy2tElCy-00031-00023237-00023489 bilateral cooperation for the years to
+rOQHy2tElCy-00032-00023490-00023572 come
+rOQHy2tElCy-00033-00023573-00023921 and we had a first opportunity to
+rOQHy2tElCy-00034-00023922-00024293 discuss uh issues that are of common
+rOQHy2tElCy-00035-00024294-00024557 interest we've identified great
+rOQHy2tElCy-00036-00024558-00024857 opportunities in the field of economic
+rOQHy2tElCy-00037-00024858-00025114 cooperation given that Japan is the
+rOQHy2tElCy-00038-00025115-00025427 world's third largest economy and Greece
+rOQHy2tElCy-00039-00025428-00025840 is emerging as a reliable and very
+rOQHy2tElCy-00040-00025841-00026117 predictable investment and trade partner
+rOQHy2tElCy-00041-00026118-00026339 I had the opportunity to inform the
+rOQHy2tElCy-00042-00026339-00026501 Prime Minister about the progress that
+rOQHy2tElCy-00043-00026502-00026735 we've been able to make as a Greek
+rOQHy2tElCy-00044-00026736-00027167 economy growing at almost 5.6 percent in
+rOQHy2tElCy-00045-00027168-00027496 2022 almost double the projected Euro
+rOQHy2tElCy-00046-00027497-00027787 average and being a most attractive
+rOQHy2tElCy-00047-00027788-00028001 destination for foreign direct
+rOQHy2tElCy-00048-00028002-00028312 investment in the Eastern Mediterranean
+rOQHy2tElCy-00049-00028313-00028589 we had an opportunity to review our
+rOQHy2tElCy-00050-00028589-00028846 excellent cooperation on Maritime issues
+rOQHy2tElCy-00051-00028847-00029251 as two of the world's leading seafaring
+rOQHy2tElCy-00052-00029252-00029662 Nations and as next year our two
+rOQHy2tElCy-00053-00029663-00029802 countries will Mark
+rOQHy2tElCy-00054-00029804-00030262 125 years of diplomatic relations we
+rOQHy2tElCy-00055-00030263-00030533 intend to celebrate our year of culture
+rOQHy2tElCy-00056-00030533-00030835 and tourism with a number of events
+rOQHy2tElCy-00057-00030836-00031157 organized across various cities in
+rOQHy2tElCy-00058-00031158-00031343 Greece and Japan the Prime Minister
+rOQHy2tElCy-00059-00031344-00031564 pointed out how dramatically the world
+rOQHy2tElCy-00060-00031566-00031883 has changed in 2022 with the Russian
+rOQHy2tElCy-00061-00031883-00032218 unprovoked invasion of Ukraine and no
+rOQHy2tElCy-00062-00032219-00032477 one has been left untouched by the
+rOQHy2tElCy-00063-00032477-00032812 turbulence that this act has caused we
+rOQHy2tElCy-00064-00032813-00033024 exchanged views on Russia's aggression
+rOQHy2tElCy-00065-00033025-00033233 and the next steps that the
+rOQHy2tElCy-00066-00033234-00033461 International Community needs to take
+rOQHy2tElCy-00067-00033462-00033785 and I think our discussions are that
+rOQHy2tElCy-00068-00033786-00034079 much more pertinent given the adoption
+rOQHy2tElCy-00069-00034080-00034273 of Japan's New National Security
+rOQHy2tElCy-00070-00034274-00034511 strategy which will all come and of
+rOQHy2tElCy-00071-00034512-00034696 course in light of Japan's German ship
+rOQHy2tElCy-00072-00034697-00035237 of the G7 this year as a NATO member as
+rOQHy2tElCy-00073-00035238-00035452 a member of the European Union we
+rOQHy2tElCy-00074-00035453-00035681 support the strength lengthening of
+rOQHy2tElCy-00075-00035682-00035843 relationships between Greece and NATO
+rOQHy2tElCy-00076-00035844-00036065 and Greece and the European Union I
+rOQHy2tElCy-00077-00036066-00036239 think this is a mutually beneficial
+rOQHy2tElCy-00078-00036240-00036562 relationship prime minister and on the
+rOQHy2tElCy-00079-00036563-00036859 war in Ukraine we have fully supported
+rOQHy2tElCy-00080-00036860-00037168 Ukraine's independent sovereignty and
+rOQHy2tElCy-00081-00037169-00037361 territorial Integrity from the very
+rOQHy2tElCy-00082-00037362-00037552 beginning and we're absolutely
+rOQHy2tElCy-00083-00037553-00037768 determined to stand by Ukraine for as
+rOQHy2tElCy-00084-00037769-00037912 long as it takes
+rOQHy2tElCy-00085-00037913-00038201 we have one additional sensitivity prime
+rOQHy2tElCy-00086-00038202-00038389 minister when it comes to Ukraine
+rOQHy2tElCy-00087-00038390-00038771 members of the Greek Community mariopol
+rOQHy2tElCy-00088-00038772-00038993 who were amongst the first civilian
+rOQHy2tElCy-00089-00038994-00039323 victims during the very first days of
+rOQHy2tElCy-00090-00039324-00039665 the war and it is only to be expected
+rOQHy2tElCy-00091-00039666-00040073 that Greece as is Japan we are both
+rOQHy2tElCy-00092-00040074-00040265 staunch supporters of such basic
+rOQHy2tElCy-00093-00040266-00040680 principles as the use of non-violence
+rOQHy2tElCy-00094-00040681-00040955 and the invaluability of borders
+rOQHy2tElCy-00095-00040956-00041189 international disputes need to be
+rOQHy2tElCy-00096-00041190-00041323 resolved
+rOQHy2tElCy-00097-00041324-00041479 through
+rOQHy2tElCy-00098-00041480-00041909 reference to international law and we
+rOQHy2tElCy-00099-00041910-00042239 cannot accept any unilateral change to a
+rOQHy2tElCy-00100-00042240-00042502 status quo through the use of force we
+rOQHy2tElCy-00101-00042503-00042724 are firm Believers in our rules-based
+rOQHy2tElCy-00102-00042725-00042893 International order where international
+rOQHy2tElCy-00103-00042894-00043246 law is respected and revisionist agendas
+rOQHy2tElCy-00104-00043247-00043440 are simply
+rOQHy2tElCy-00105-00043441-00043751 unacceptable we will have a further
+rOQHy2tElCy-00106-00043752-00044130 opportunity uh over dinner to discuss
+rOQHy2tElCy-00107-00044131-00044412 Regional challenges
+rOQHy2tElCy-00108-00044413-00044812 the situation that you face regarding
+rOQHy2tElCy-00109-00044813-00045167 North Korea's missile provocations are
+rOQHy2tElCy-00110-00045168-00045496 completely unacceptable we agree that we
+rOQHy2tElCy-00111-00045497-00045745 remain firm in our condemnation of these
+rOQHy2tElCy-00112-00045746-00045965 actions and I will also have the
+rOQHy2tElCy-00113-00045966-00046261 opportunity to brief the Prime Minister
+rOQHy2tElCy-00114-00046262-00046549 on the situation in the Eastern
+rOQHy2tElCy-00115-00046550-00046835 Mediterranean and the unfortunate
+rOQHy2tElCy-00116-00046836-00047068 inflammatory rhetoric and provocative
+rOQHy2tElCy-00117-00047069-00047471 actions by our neighbor turkey which
+rOQHy2tElCy-00118-00047472-00047783 undermine Regional stability and and
+rOQHy2tElCy-00119-00047784-00047911 security
+rOQHy2tElCy-00120-00047912-00048190 we will always prime minister keep the
+rOQHy2tElCy-00121-00048191-00048485 window of dialogue open but as a
+rOQHy2tElCy-00122-00048486-00048743 Sovereign Nation we cannot accept any
+rOQHy2tElCy-00123-00048744-00048965 threats to our sovereignty and our
+rOQHy2tElCy-00124-00048966-00049312 Sovereign rights to sum up I'm
+rOQHy2tElCy-00125-00049313-00049583 particularly happy that my visit is
+rOQHy2tElCy-00126-00049584-00049817 providing a new momentum to our
+rOQHy2tElCy-00127-00049818-00050195 bilateral relations important agreements
+rOQHy2tElCy-00128-00050196-00050386 have been reached and signed the most
+rOQHy2tElCy-00129-00050387-00050657 important enhancement to our economic
+rOQHy2tElCy-00130-00050658-00050933 ties of course will be the agreement on
+rOQHy2tElCy-00131-00050934-00051118 avoidance of double taxation I think it
+rOQHy2tElCy-00132-00051119-00051299 is very realistic to expect that this
+rOQHy2tElCy-00133-00051300-00051688 agreement will be signed uh before the
+rOQHy2tElCy-00134-00051689-00052079 end of uh of the year and I believe that
+rOQHy2tElCy-00135-00052079-00052469 today we have laid the foundations for a
+rOQHy2tElCy-00136-00052470-00052780 blossoming cooperation among like-minded
+rOQHy2tElCy-00137-00052782-00053099 strategic Partners I am confident that
+rOQHy2tElCy-00138-00053100-00053392 Greece in Japan will continue to work
+rOQHy2tElCy-00139-00053394-00053530 together
+rOQHy2tElCy-00140-00053532-00053854 to fulfill the wishes of our people for
+rOQHy2tElCy-00141-00053855-00054130 durable peace and prosperity tomorrow
+rOQHy2tElCy-00142-00054132-00054287 we'll have another series of meetings
+rOQHy2tElCy-00143-00054288-00054641 meetings with key Business Leaders and
+rOQHy2tElCy-00144-00054641-00054892 trade Representatives I will have the
+rOQHy2tElCy-00145-00054894-00055153 pleasure of addressing students at Tokyo
+rOQHy2tElCy-00146-00055154-00055463 University and I would like again to
+rOQHy2tElCy-00147-00055464-00055630 thank you prime minister for this very
+rOQHy2tElCy-00148-00055632-00055957 warm welcome I would like to invite you
+rOQHy2tElCy-00149-00055958-00056299 to Greece to visit Greece and to view
+rOQHy2tElCy-00150-00056300-00056616 first-hand our countries my countries
+rOQHy2tElCy-00151-00056617-00056832 transformation
+rOQHy2tElCy-00152-00056833-00057154 from a laggard within the European Union
+rOQHy2tElCy-00153-00057155-00057544 to a protagonist and to continue to take
+rOQHy2tElCy-00154-00057545-00057761 forward this important strategic
+rOQHy2tElCy-00155-00057762-00057892 partnership again on behalf of our
+rOQHy2tElCy-00156-00057894-00058073 delegation thank you very much for this
+rOQHy2tElCy-00157-00058074-00058715 warm welcome
+rOQHy2tElCy-00158-00058716-00058814 thank you
+rOQHy2tElCy-00159-00058815-00059742 [Applause]
+rPohtU3xmlI-00000-00000000-00000260 so if it isn't clear yet in a flipped in
+rPohtU3xmlI-00001-00000261-00000584 a rig style flipped class you are
+rPohtU3xmlI-00002-00000585-00000800 expected to watch video lectures before
+rPohtU3xmlI-00003-00000801-00001256 you come to class this hopefully is not
+rPohtU3xmlI-00004-00001257-00001807 a heart palpitation inducing concept to
+rPohtU3xmlI-00005-00001809-00001993 you hopefully your leg dude watching
+rPohtU3xmlI-00006-00001994-00002354 videos online on my computer like okay
+rPohtU3xmlI-00007-00002355-00002780 no problem but it's sort of as important
+rPohtU3xmlI-00008-00002781-00003080 how all the material is organized and
+rPohtU3xmlI-00009-00003081-00003320 presented to you so for my face-to-face
+rPohtU3xmlI-00010-00003321-00003565 students what you will find is that I
+rPohtU3xmlI-00011-00003567-00003888 organize everything that you need in
+rPohtU3xmlI-00012-00003889-00004088 canvas which is our learning management
+rPohtU3xmlI-00013-00004089-00004442 system to get to canvas because that's
+rPohtU3xmlI-00014-00004443-00004697 relevant to unless you're already in
+rPohtU3xmlI-00015-00004698-00004868 canvas watching this in canvas which is
+rPohtU3xmlI-00016-00004869-00005143 totally possible you go to the college
+rPohtU3xmlI-00017-00005144-00005404 of the Redwoods website this very lovely
+rPohtU3xmlI-00018-00005405-00005711 thing up in the top what is that left
+rPohtU3xmlI-00019-00005712-00006074 corner is a student login button voila
+rPohtU3xmlI-00020-00006075-00006445 go to canvas once you are in canvas land
+rPohtU3xmlI-00021-00006445-00006812 now you put in your WebAdvisor ID and
+rPohtU3xmlI-00022-00006813-00007135 then you type in your what they called
+rPohtU3xmlI-00023-00007136-00007430 password and your password starts out
+rPohtU3xmlI-00024-00007431-00007771 being your six digit birthdate unless
+rPohtU3xmlI-00025-00007772-00007921 you've changed it which probably should
+rPohtU3xmlI-00026-00007922-00008155 in which case it won't be that anymore
+rPohtU3xmlI-00027-00008156-00008627 now once you're in canvas you're going
+rPohtU3xmlI-00028-00008628-00008803 to see a screen something like this and
+rPohtU3xmlI-00029-00008804-00008956 you'll go up to courses and groups in
+rPohtU3xmlI-00030-00008957-00009323 wawa you will find the course that we're
+rPohtU3xmlI-00031-00009324-00009623 talking about mine my course you'll find
+rPohtU3xmlI-00032-00009624-00009892 it and then when you click on it what
+rPohtU3xmlI-00033-00009893-00010139 will always come up for all my classes I
+rPohtU3xmlI-00034-00010140-00010487 set the modules as the homepage that's
+rPohtU3xmlI-00035-00010488-00010624 this right here and you'll see that
+rPohtU3xmlI-00036-00010625-00010769 we're actually in there so as soon as
+rPohtU3xmlI-00037-00010770-00011121 you open up canvas you will see modules
+rPohtU3xmlI-00038-00011122-00011552 interestingly the modules like my canvas
+rPohtU3xmlI-00039-00011553-00011828 course is publicly accessible I'll try
+rPohtU3xmlI-00040-00011829-00011999 to remember to post a link somewhere so
+rPohtU3xmlI-00041-00012000-00012251 that you know you can anybody my YouTube
+rPohtU3xmlI-00042-00012252-00012491 students my youtube rock stars out there
+rPohtU3xmlI-00043-00012492-00012695 can get the lecture notes and whatever
+rPohtU3xmlI-00044-00012696-00012913 other things you are interested in here
+rPohtU3xmlI-00045-00012913-00013127 obviously you won't be able to take
+rPohtU3xmlI-00046-00013128-00013333 quizzes or do things that are actually
+rPohtU3xmlI-00047-00013334-00013607 for a grade but you can access some of
+rPohtU3xmlI-00048-00013608-00013736 this stuff which might be helpful to you
+rPohtU3xmlI-00049-00013737-00014113 okay as soon as you arrive in module
+rPohtU3xmlI-00050-00014115-00014402 land in canvas you will see that holy
+rPohtU3xmlI-00051-00014403-00014647 cow Riggs there's a lot of stuff here
+rPohtU3xmlI-00052-00014648-00014854 and the answer is yes indeed there is
+rPohtU3xmlI-00053-00014855-00015250 all of my courses have a get started
+rPohtU3xmlI-00054-00015251-00015461 here module and it's the first one and
+rPohtU3xmlI-00055-00015462-00015583 there's just some general information
+rPohtU3xmlI-00056-00015584-00016127 yeah yeah yeah whatever not general the
+rPohtU3xmlI-00057-00016128-00016424 syllabus I'll bring you copies on the
+rPohtU3xmlI-00058-00016425-00016628 first day of class but actually I
+rPohtU3xmlI-00059-00016629-00016715 shouldn't say that because I'm going to
+rPohtU3xmlI-00060-00016716-00016868 reuse this lecture and someday I'd like
+rPohtU3xmlI-00061-00016869-00017039 to stop bringing copies on the first day
+rPohtU3xmlI-00062-00017040-00017228 of class so print it out for yourself
+rPohtU3xmlI-00063-00017229-00017528 you don't need copies for me unless it's
+rPohtU3xmlI-00064-00017529-00017771 spring 2016 in which case I'll totally
+rPohtU3xmlI-00065-00017772-00018038 bring you a copy okay the course
+rPohtU3xmlI-00066-00018039-00018266 schedule is the P the syllabus critical
+rPohtU3xmlI-00067-00018267-00018403 read it make sure you're cool with it
+rPohtU3xmlI-00068-00018404-00018697 the course schedule is the document that
+rPohtU3xmlI-00069-00018698-00019103 if you don't follow this thing you're
+rPohtU3xmlI-00070-00019104-00019303 going to be sad and confused and lost
+rPohtU3xmlI-00071-00019304-00019562 and you will fail which that's kind of
+rPohtU3xmlI-00072-00019563-00019688 not the point we don't want you to do
+rPohtU3xmlI-00073-00019689-00020186 that so I'm going to pull out just a
+rPohtU3xmlI-00074-00020187-00020411 second here and show you the course
+rPohtU3xmlI-00075-00020412-00020609 schedule it looks different for each of
+rPohtU3xmlI-00076-00020610-00020846 my classes again I'm using bio one as my
+rPohtU3xmlI-00077-00020847-00021017 example for this semester because dude
+rPohtU3xmlI-00078-00021018-00021230 how beautiful is that thing I'm not
+rPohtU3xmlI-00079-00021231-00021556 printing you color copy versions of this
+rPohtU3xmlI-00080-00021557-00021824 but it might be handy to color code
+rPohtU3xmlI-00081-00021825-00022136 things because in when deal and there's
+rPohtU3xmlI-00082-00022137-00022436 a lot going on every day what you'll
+rPohtU3xmlI-00083-00022437-00022681 notice is that I've linked the date for
+rPohtU3xmlI-00084-00022682-00023099 the class with a canvas module and in
+rPohtU3xmlI-00085-00023100-00023309 the canvas module you will find
+rPohtU3xmlI-00086-00023310-00023621 everything you need to prep you for that
+rPohtU3xmlI-00087-00023622-00024058 day in addition to that lab content is
+rPohtU3xmlI-00088-00024059-00024440 addressed in this handout so
+rPohtU3xmlI-00089-00024441-00024665 particularly for bio one we only have
+rPohtU3xmlI-00090-00024666-00024884 one lab a week in anatomy and physio
+rPohtU3xmlI-00091-00024885-00025196 both classes have two labs a week
+rPohtU3xmlI-00092-00025197-00025436 you'll there's a lab component and so
+rPohtU3xmlI-00093-00025437-00025616 you can look here to see dude what are
+rPohtU3xmlI-00094-00025617-00025897 we doing in lab and what module in
+rPohtU3xmlI-00095-00025898-00026197 canvas do I need to go to to find this
+rPohtU3xmlI-00096-00026198-00026531 information it's important because I
+rPohtU3xmlI-00097-00026532-00026810 cover modules 1 through 6 before our
+rPohtU3xmlI-00098-00026811-00027029 first exam that means all of this
+rPohtU3xmlI-00099-00027030-00027310 content will be on your first exam if
+rPohtU3xmlI-00100-00027311-00027674 you lose this thing or if you're like
+rPohtU3xmlI-00101-00027675-00027808 dude I'm just going to go rogue and
+rPohtU3xmlI-00102-00027810-00028199 watch Riggs's lectures on YouTube you're
+rPohtU3xmlI-00103-00028200-00028448 going to miss out on a lot of resources
+rPohtU3xmlI-00104-00028449-00028631 so let me just show you what some of
+rPohtU3xmlI-00105-00028632-00028913 these resources are remember that we
+rPohtU3xmlI-00106-00028914-00029201 were in this getting started section I
+rPohtU3xmlI-00107-00029202-00029507 gotta throw this out right now because I
+rPohtU3xmlI-00108-00029508-00029825 have embedded in each one of my canvas
+rPohtU3xmlI-00109-00029826-00030068 courses a semester grade calculator
+rPohtU3xmlI-00110-00030069-00030374 because when we get to the grade seeing
+rPohtU3xmlI-00111-00030375-00030545 what you'll see is that there's actually
+rPohtU3xmlI-00112-00030545-00031076 a lot of opportunities to earn grades in
+rPohtU3xmlI-00113-00031077-00031264 this class and this grade calculator
+rPohtU3xmlI-00114-00031266-00031550 will let you set up and estimate what
+rPohtU3xmlI-00115-00031551-00031777 grade you're earning at this moment what
+rPohtU3xmlI-00116-00031779-00031919 would happen what you have to improve
+rPohtU3xmlI-00117-00031920-00032108 upon what kind of how do you have to do
+rPohtU3xmlI-00118-00032108-00032314 on your exams if you want to get the
+rPohtU3xmlI-00119-00032316-00032527 grade that you want to get so I just
+rPohtU3xmlI-00120-00032529-00032642 have that thing I wanted to make sure
+rPohtU3xmlI-00121-00032643-00032840 that you saw that that is available to
+rPohtU3xmlI-00122-00032841-00033230 you that semester grade calculator but
+rPohtU3xmlI-00123-00033231-00033640 this is a content module and take a look
+rPohtU3xmlI-00124-00033641-00033980 at this magic thing what you see here in
+rPohtU3xmlI-00125-00033981-00034409 its beautiful glory lecture material is
+rPohtU3xmlI-00126-00034410-00034631 at the top of the module and there's a
+rPohtU3xmlI-00127-00034632-00034919 video lecture embedded right in there
+rPohtU3xmlI-00128-00034920-00035087 and I'm going to right click on that
+rPohtU3xmlI-00129-00035088-00035255 thing and let it have some time to open
+rPohtU3xmlI-00130-00035256-00035450 so you can kind of see what a video
+rPohtU3xmlI-00131-00035451-00035786 lecture in canvas looks like I also
+rPohtU3xmlI-00132-00035787-00036032 usually have some kind of lecture notes
+rPohtU3xmlI-00133-00036033-00036308 that these are my notes so they are not
+rPohtU3xmlI-00134-00036309-00036605 in any way shape or form a substitute
+rPohtU3xmlI-00135-00036606-00036824 for your textbook there are typos or
+rPohtU3xmlI-00136-00036825-00037178 misspellings there are like errors I try
+rPohtU3xmlI-00137-00037179-00037382 to fix them every semester but things
+rPohtU3xmlI-00138-00037383-00037656 always slip through the cracks
+rPohtU3xmlI-00139-00037657-00037921 but they're helpful they're actually
+rPohtU3xmlI-00140-00037922-00038140 help guide you when you sit down with
+rPohtU3xmlI-00141-00038141-00038413 the lecture some people like to use the
+rPohtU3xmlI-00142-00038414-00038560 lecture notes beforehand some people
+rPohtU3xmlI-00143-00038561-00038875 like to use the notes after to check
+rPohtU3xmlI-00144-00038876-00039043 against their notes like whatever you
+rPohtU3xmlI-00145-00039044-00039169 however you want to use them it's
+rPohtU3xmlI-00146-00039170-00039343 totally up to you but you might find
+rPohtU3xmlI-00147-00039344-00039744 those little packet of notes handy in
+rPohtU3xmlI-00148-00039745-00040096 often the packet will include a study
+rPohtU3xmlI-00149-00040097-00040387 guide for your external brain assignment
+rPohtU3xmlI-00150-00040388-00040525 which we'll talk about that in a second
+rPohtU3xmlI-00151-00040526-00040822 and sometimes they include the lab
+rPohtU3xmlI-00152-00040823-00041116 handout as well and bio one I usually
+rPohtU3xmlI-00153-00041117-00041263 don't do it that way I've got a little
+rPohtU3xmlI-00154-00041264-00041542 section here where your lab handout will
+rPohtU3xmlI-00155-00041543-00041992 be I link the assignments so anything
+rPohtU3xmlI-00156-00041993-00042319 that's due on that day or associated
+rPohtU3xmlI-00157-00042320-00042739 with that content I link the assignment
+rPohtU3xmlI-00158-00042740-00042958 itself now we're going to talk about
+rPohtU3xmlI-00159-00042959-00043243 clickers I linked the clicker assignment
+rPohtU3xmlI-00160-00043244-00043537 to this module but you don't do it you
+rPohtU3xmlI-00161-00043538-00043702 don't click on it and go okay I'm going
+rPohtU3xmlI-00162-00043703-00043891 to do my clicker now you get your
+rPohtU3xmlI-00163-00043892-00044068 clicker points for showing up to class
+rPohtU3xmlI-00164-00044069-00044323 so and there's a note in there if you
+rPohtU3xmlI-00165-00044324-00044539 click on this thing it'll tell you yeah
+rPohtU3xmlI-00166-00044540-00044851 awesome you're here but come to class
+rPohtU3xmlI-00167-00044852-00045115 during these points and this is another
+rPohtU3xmlI-00168-00045116-00045235 thing for bio one that we'll talk about
+rPohtU3xmlI-00169-00045236-00045499 in a second but your assignments will be
+rPohtU3xmlI-00170-00045500-00045832 locked up in that module just so you're
+rPohtU3xmlI-00171-00045833-00045952 cool and you remember where everything
+rPohtU3xmlI-00172-00045953-00046267 is if there's any lab work in that
+rPohtU3xmlI-00173-00046268-00046489 module it will also be linked here and
+rPohtU3xmlI-00174-00046490-00046693 then I've got resources and these
+rPohtU3xmlI-00175-00046694-00046921 resources include a discussion board
+rPohtU3xmlI-00176-00046922-00047128 where you can shoot me a question it
+rPohtU3xmlI-00177-00047129-00047314 includes a list of helpful resources
+rPohtU3xmlI-00178-00047315-00047688 which may or may not be populated
+rPohtU3xmlI-00179-00047689-00047944 especially for bio one there's a ton of
+rPohtU3xmlI-00180-00047945-00048217 cool stuff in there and then you may or
+rPohtU3xmlI-00181-00048218-00048394 may not have a study guide associated in
+rPohtU3xmlI-00182-00048395-00048685 some of my classes this study guide gets
+rPohtU3xmlI-00183-00048686-00048961 gobbled up and it ends up being in the
+rPohtU3xmlI-00184-00048962-00049330 lecture packet that's for the first day
+rPohtU3xmlI-00185-00049331-00049597 for the second day lo and behold you
+rPohtU3xmlI-00186-00049598-00049936 have another module and if you're like
+rPohtU3xmlI-00187-00049937-00050026 dude I don't know
+rPohtU3xmlI-00188-00050027-00050197 am I supposed to do module Tuesday am I
+rPohtU3xmlI-00189-00050198-00050395 supposed to do module one today go to
+rPohtU3xmlI-00190-00050396-00050617 the course schedule to see what we're
+rPohtU3xmlI-00191-00050618-00050902 doing on each day on the twenty-fifth of
+rPohtU3xmlI-00192-00050903-00051175 January we're doing module the content
+rPohtU3xmlI-00193-00051176-00051630 in module two okay that seems like it
+rPohtU3xmlI-00194-00051632-00051913 should be super super flip and clear do
+rPohtU3xmlI-00195-00051914-00052123 you think it's pretty clear I hope so if
+rPohtU3xmlI-00196-00052124-00052309 you have questions about how canvas is
+rPohtU3xmlI-00197-00052310-00052483 set up or what resources are in here
+rPohtU3xmlI-00198-00052484-00052840 please let me know um let's see if
+rPohtU3xmlI-00199-00052841-00053035 there's anything else in here I always
+rPohtU3xmlI-00200-00053036-00053224 make announcements I usually make them
+rPohtU3xmlI-00201-00053225-00053389 at like three o'clock in the morning so
+rPohtU3xmlI-00202-00053390-00053590 who knows how helpful they are but
+rPohtU3xmlI-00203-00053591-00053805 usually you want to just kind of monitor
+rPohtU3xmlI-00204-00053807-00053955 the announcements to see if there's
+rPohtU3xmlI-00205-00053957-00054184 anything upcoming you can check your own
+rPohtU3xmlI-00206-00054185-00054448 grades you can talk to people lecture
+rPohtU3xmlI-00207-00054449-00054700 notes lab handouts things are in files I
+rPohtU3xmlI-00208-00054701-00055126 do include a link to the textbook on the
+rPohtU3xmlI-00209-00055127-00055414 side because in all of my classes whoo
+rPohtU3xmlI-00210-00055415-00055836 whoo we're using the free and open um
+rPohtU3xmlI-00211-00055837-00056125 openstax textbooks which I'm that's
+rPohtU3xmlI-00212-00056126-00056316 another thing that makes me really happy
+rPohtU3xmlI-00213-00056316-00056817 okay how are you I can't hear you we're
+rPohtU3xmlI-00214-00056819-00056955 going to spend the next little section
+rPohtU3xmlI-00215-00056957-00057216 talking specifically about how to access
+rPohtU3xmlI-00216-00057217-00057382 the video lectures this is where you
+rPohtU3xmlI-00217-00057383-00057598 access everything now let's talk about
+rPohtU3xmlI-00218-00057599-00057966 just the video lectures
+rPsktf0R574-00000-00000016-00000279 i mean who can ever imagine something
+rPsktf0R574-00001-00000280-00000407 like this right it just
+rPsktf0R574-00002-00000408-00000695 you know i i know i couldn't and um i
+rPsktf0R574-00003-00000696-00000790 i'm just
+rPsktf0R574-00004-00000791-00000958 i i don't know what to say i'm just i'm
+rPsktf0R574-00005-00000959-00001095 so honored and
+rPsktf0R574-00006-00001096-00001383 i feel like uh this represents a
+rPsktf0R574-00007-00001384-00001478 recognition
+rPsktf0R574-00008-00001479-00001663 of some foundational work that was
+rPsktf0R574-00009-00001664-00001910 started at berkeley on my side and was
+rPsktf0R574-00010-00001911-00002023 an international
+rPsktf0R574-00011-00002023-00002215 collaboration from the beginning with
+rPsktf0R574-00012-00002216-00002487 emmanuel charpentier
+rPsktf0R574-00013-00002488-00002855 and and our our students
+rPsktf0R574-00014-00002856-00003055 chris czelinski and emmanuel's lab and
+rPsktf0R574-00015-00003056-00003183 martin yanek in my group
+rPsktf0R574-00016-00003184-00003511 so a truly international partnership and
+rPsktf0R574-00017-00003511-00003567 um
+rPsktf0R574-00018-00003568-00003743 you know it really was a curiosity
+rPsktf0R574-00019-00003744-00003975 driven project from the beginning
+rPsktf0R574-00020-00003976-00004270 and i want to also mention that for me
+rPsktf0R574-00021-00004271-00004431 my introduction to crispr
+rPsktf0R574-00022-00004432-00004759 was jillian banfield at berkeley who had
+rPsktf0R574-00023-00004760-00005047 done some of the early work to uncover
+rPsktf0R574-00024-00005048-00005279 this pathway in bacteria
+rPsktf0R574-00025-00005280-00005535 she brought crispr to my attention
+rPsktf0R574-00026-00005536-00005679 because she thought that it would be an
+rPsktf0R574-00027-00005680-00005799 interesting system to
+rPsktf0R574-00028-00005800-00006079 study and boy was she right you know and
+rPsktf0R574-00029-00006080-00006127 jill
+rPsktf0R574-00030-00006128-00006351 continues to be a wonderful partner and
+rPsktf0R574-00031-00006352-00006575 collaborator and we have now have
+rPsktf0R574-00032-00006576-00006775 been able to relocate our laboratories
+rPsktf0R574-00033-00006776-00006895 into the same building
+rPsktf0R574-00034-00006895-00007095 at berkeley and the igib building which
+rPsktf0R574-00035-00007095-00007223 is great
+rPsktf0R574-00036-00007223-00007542 and i um you know it's she's
+rPsktf0R574-00037-00007543-00007767 the type of person that represents
+rPsktf0R574-00038-00007768-00007934 what's best about berkeley it's just
+rPsktf0R574-00039-00007936-00008142 incredible scholarship you know
+rPsktf0R574-00040-00008143-00008319 colleagues who are deeply passionate
+rPsktf0R574-00041-00008320-00008399 about their work
+rPsktf0R574-00042-00008400-00008623 about their students you know she's
+rPsktf0R574-00043-00008624-00008727 teaching a course
+rPsktf0R574-00044-00008728-00008974 right now she has to have had to convert
+rPsktf0R574-00045-00008975-00009151 everything to online and
+rPsktf0R574-00046-00009152-00009319 you know i know that's been really hard
+rPsktf0R574-00047-00009320-00009535 but she you know she relishes it i mean
+rPsktf0R574-00048-00009536-00009695 this is what we what we do
+rPsktf0R574-00049-00009696-00010014 anyhow yeah so complete complete shock
+rPsktf0R574-00050-00010015-00010367 and and just um humble i humbled by it
+rPsktf0R574-00051-00010368-00010438 you know just
+rPsktf0R574-00052-00010439-00010623 for little old me to win the prize i
+rPsktf0R574-00053-00010624-00010967 mean it's just astounding
+rPsktf0R574-00054-00010968-00011342 how'd you find out i was really deeply
+rPsktf0R574-00055-00011343-00011406 asleep
+rPsktf0R574-00056-00011407-00011735 and i got a call my phone was
+rPsktf0R574-00057-00011736-00011927 headed on silent actually my phone was
+rPsktf0R574-00058-00011928-00012119 buzzing and for some reason i
+rPsktf0R574-00059-00012120-00012303 i woke up and i looked at the phone it
+rPsktf0R574-00060-00012304-00012487 was 2 53
+rPsktf0R574-00061-00012488-00012791 and it was it was heidi ledford who is a
+rPsktf0R574-00062-00012792-00012983 reporter who i i know i've talked to in
+rPsktf0R574-00063-00012984-00013030 the past
+rPsktf0R574-00064-00013031-00013263 at nature and i so i answered the phone
+rPsktf0R574-00065-00013263-00013343 and she said
+rPsktf0R574-00066-00013344-00013527 hi jennifer it's heidi i'm sorry to you
+rPsktf0R574-00067-00013528-00013663 know bother you early but i just you
+rPsktf0R574-00068-00013663-00013751 know wanted to
+rPsktf0R574-00069-00013752-00013983 get your comments about the nobel and i
+rPsktf0R574-00070-00013984-00014063 said
+rPsktf0R574-00071-00014063-00014230 and i thought she was calling to ask me
+rPsktf0R574-00072-00014231-00014375 to comment on somebody else winning the
+rPsktf0R574-00073-00014376-00014527 nobel prize and i
+rPsktf0R574-00074-00014528-00014711 you know i was just so i was so deeply
+rPsktf0R574-00075-00014712-00014847 asleep and i just you know i was rubbing
+rPsktf0R574-00076-00014847-00014999 my eyes and thinking okay i've got to
+rPsktf0R574-00077-00015000-00015150 get on my computer and find out who won
+rPsktf0R574-00078-00015151-00015263 the nobel prize
+rPsktf0R574-00079-00015263-00015455 and i said well who who wanted she said
+rPsktf0R574-00080-00015456-00015655 well you want it
+rPsktf0R574-00081-00015656-00015807 she said you mean you haven't talked to
+rPsktf0R574-00082-00015808-00015966 them yet and i said no
+rPsktf0R574-00083-00015968-00016135 and she said oh my gosh i'm the one to
+rPsktf0R574-00084-00016136-00016366 tell you and i said yes
+rPsktf0R574-00085-00016368-00016630 and um and so i said katie i feel like
+rPsktf0R574-00086-00016631-00016807 i'm sorry i need to go i need to
+rPsktf0R574-00087-00016808-00017022 try to get some official news and i
+rPsktf0R574-00088-00017023-00017199 looked at my phone and sure enough there
+rPsktf0R574-00089-00017200-00017230 were
+rPsktf0R574-00090-00017231-00017479 a bunch of messages that i you know from
+rPsktf0R574-00091-00017480-00017550 the
+rPsktf0R574-00092-00017551-00017894 sweden and uh uh then
+rPsktf0R574-00093-00017895-00018039 while i was looking at that my phone
+rPsktf0R574-00094-00018040-00018350 rang again and it was martin inec
+rPsktf0R574-00095-00018351-00018535 calling from me from switzerland where
+rPsktf0R574-00096-00018536-00018686 he runs the lab now
+rPsktf0R574-00097-00018687-00018991 and uh he was just very very nice he was
+rPsktf0R574-00098-00018992-00019135 over the moon he said i'm just
+rPsktf0R574-00099-00019136-00019407 so happy and so excited for you and
+rPsktf0R574-00100-00019408-00019599 emmanuel and you know it's just really
+rPsktf0R574-00101-00019600-00019855 wonderful news and of course i'm
+rPsktf0R574-00102-00019856-00020103 deeply proud of martin and his work and
+rPsktf0R574-00103-00020104-00020327 you know how indebted i am to to him for
+rPsktf0R574-00104-00020328-00020511 being in my lab and and doing this
+rPsktf0R574-00105-00020512-00020767 wonderful wonderful work together so
+rPsktf0R574-00106-00020768-00021014 it was great to talk with him at that
+rPsktf0R574-00107-00021015-00021094 moment
+rPsktf0R574-00108-00021095-00021327 for sure and and then you know things
+rPsktf0R574-00109-00021328-00021630 just started to go crazy with
+rPsktf0R574-00110-00021631-00021975 the phone yeah i think that it really
+rPsktf0R574-00111-00021976-00022175 speaks to the fact that
+rPsktf0R574-00112-00022176-00022503 i think for many women there's a feeling
+rPsktf0R574-00113-00022504-00022558 that
+rPsktf0R574-00114-00022559-00022863 no matter what they do their work will
+rPsktf0R574-00115-00022864-00022935 never be
+rPsktf0R574-00116-00022936-00023207 recognized the way it would be if they
+rPsktf0R574-00117-00023208-00023358 were a man
+rPsktf0R574-00118-00023359-00023742 and this recognition today i think just
+rPsktf0R574-00119-00023743-00023975 you know refutes that in a way and and
+rPsktf0R574-00120-00023976-00024175 it just honors the work that you know
+rPsktf0R574-00121-00024176-00024350 was started by by a collaboration
+rPsktf0R574-00122-00024351-00024511 between two women
+rPsktf0R574-00123-00024512-00024783 and um you know who set out not to not
+rPsktf0R574-00124-00024784-00024983 to win the nobel prize but to do
+rPsktf0R574-00125-00024984-00025158 really fundamental science that we
+rPsktf0R574-00126-00025159-00025391 thought was exciting and important and
+rPsktf0R574-00127-00025392-00025471 interesting
+rPsktf0R574-00128-00025472-00025694 and we led our our teams to work on it
+rPsktf0R574-00129-00025695-00025806 collaboratively
+rPsktf0R574-00130-00025807-00025983 and that just means a lot to me and and
+rPsktf0R574-00131-00025983-00026199 i think it it means a lot to me thinking
+rPsktf0R574-00132-00026200-00026239 back
+rPsktf0R574-00133-00026239-00026479 to my own uh childhood you know growing
+rPsktf0R574-00134-00026480-00026543 up
+rPsktf0R574-00135-00026544-00026862 as a you know i had been told
+rPsktf0R574-00136-00026863-00027023 more than more than a few times that you
+rPsktf0R574-00137-00027024-00027246 know girls girls don't do chemistry or
+rPsktf0R574-00138-00027247-00027414 girls don't do science
+rPsktf0R574-00139-00027416-00027639 and fortunately i ignored that i'm
+rPsktf0R574-00140-00027639-00027855 deeply committed to democratizing
+rPsktf0R574-00141-00027856-00028095 technology and certainly crispr cast so
+rPsktf0R574-00142-00028095-00028287 that it's available and accessible to
+rPsktf0R574-00143-00028288-00028383 people that need it
+rPsktf0R574-00144-00028383-00028702 whether it's for biomedical uses or for
+rPsktf0R574-00145-00028704-00029031 agricultural uses or anything else you
+rPsktf0R574-00146-00029032-00029079 know
+rPsktf0R574-00147-00029080-00029646 research of course and i i guess if if
+rPsktf0R574-00148-00029647-00029807 if this prize changes
+rPsktf0R574-00149-00029808-00030046 any of that i guess it um it sort of
+rPsktf0R574-00150-00030047-00030127 underscores
+rPsktf0R574-00151-00030127-00030390 that um there's a there's a an
+rPsktf0R574-00152-00030391-00030479 importance to
+rPsktf0R574-00153-00030480-00030790 to fundamental science that can
+rPsktf0R574-00154-00030791-00031023 really change you know fundamental
+rPsktf0R574-00155-00031024-00031199 science can change the world
+rPsktf0R574-00156-00031200-00031414 i think this is a message that needs to
+rPsktf0R574-00157-00031416-00031527 get out there because
+rPsktf0R574-00158-00031527-00031743 in many cases we hear the opposite we
+rPsktf0R574-00159-00031744-00031895 hear that you know why aren't scientists
+rPsktf0R574-00160-00031895-00032062 you know why aren't we curing cancer why
+rPsktf0R574-00161-00032063-00032207 aren't we
+rPsktf0R574-00162-00032208-00032367 you know working on very focused
+rPsktf0R574-00163-00032368-00032535 problems and it's not that that isn't
+rPsktf0R574-00164-00032536-00032670 important but
+rPsktf0R574-00165-00032672-00032943 the message here is that solutions to to
+rPsktf0R574-00166-00032944-00033079 problems come
+rPsktf0R574-00167-00033080-00033271 from unexpected directions and that's
+rPsktf0R574-00168-00033272-00033446 that's really the message of crispr
+rPsktf0R574-00169-00033447-00033702 you know and it's it's a i think it's a
+rPsktf0R574-00170-00033703-00033823 you know it's a really important
+rPsktf0R574-00171-00033824-00034039 um message to get out to young people
+rPsktf0R574-00172-00034040-00034151 especially who are
+rPsktf0R574-00173-00034152-00034351 thinking about a career in science and i
+rPsktf0R574-00174-00034352-00034511 always encourage students to pursue
+rPsktf0R574-00175-00034512-00034631 their their passions
+rPsktf0R574-00176-00034632-00034887 because we don't know where the next you
+rPsktf0R574-00177-00034888-00034951 know big
+rPsktf0R574-00178-00034952-00035111 discoveries and technologies are going
+rPsktf0R574-00179-00035112-00035255 to come from and
+rPsktf0R574-00180-00035256-00035479 who knew that you know a bacterial
+rPsktf0R574-00181-00035480-00035671 immune system would in fact
+rPsktf0R574-00182-00035672-00035959 emerge as a world-changing technology
+rPsktf0R574-00183-00035960-00036207 for gene editing but here we are
+rPsktf0R574-00184-00036208-00036407 you know it's it's it's still a very
+rPsktf0R574-00185-00036408-00036607 young technology
+rPsktf0R574-00186-00036608-00036879 we're eight years into it and incredibly
+rPsktf0R574-00187-00036880-00037062 there already are clinical trials
+rPsktf0R574-00188-00037063-00037390 ongoing using it and more and more
+rPsktf0R574-00189-00037391-00037671 opportunities to deploy it in
+rPsktf0R574-00190-00037672-00037895 agricultural applications and for other
+rPsktf0R574-00191-00037896-00037999 things so
+rPsktf0R574-00192-00038000-00038199 i think we'll just continue to see the
+rPsktf0R574-00193-00038200-00038359 field accelerating from
+rPsktf0R574-00194-00038360-00038695 from here for myself you know i think i
+rPsktf0R574-00195-00038696-00038887 think continuing to do very fundamental
+rPsktf0R574-00196-00038888-00038943 work
+rPsktf0R574-00197-00038944-00039167 on the technology understanding the
+rPsktf0R574-00198-00039168-00039327 mechanism of how it works that's
+rPsktf0R574-00199-00039328-00039495 always what i've what i've enjoyed doing
+rPsktf0R574-00200-00039496-00039662 and what i like to do
+rPsktf0R574-00201-00039663-00039895 plus i think it's critical to ensure
+rPsktf0R574-00202-00039896-00040015 that the technology
+rPsktf0R574-00203-00040016-00040255 is used safely and effectively under
+rPsktf0R574-00204-00040256-00040415 we've seen this over and over that
+rPsktf0R574-00205-00040416-00040702 when we understand how molecules work we
+rPsktf0R574-00206-00040703-00040759 can
+rPsktf0R574-00207-00040760-00041071 you know think uh properly about how to
+rPsktf0R574-00208-00041072-00041246 make sure that they work
+rPsktf0R574-00209-00041247-00041462 in in the way one wants especially as a
+rPsktf0R574-00210-00041463-00041551 technology
+rPsktf0R574-00211-00041552-00041862 so you know they kind of go hand in hand
+rPsktf0R574-00212-00041863-00042174 how are you feeling right now i am
+rPsktf0R574-00213-00042175-00042246 feeling
+rPsktf0R574-00214-00042247-00042623 um a combination of emotions i'm i'm i'm
+rPsktf0R574-00215-00042624-00042743 i'm finding myself
+rPsktf0R574-00216-00042744-00042999 reflecting back on many events in the
+rPsktf0R574-00217-00043000-00043055 past
+rPsktf0R574-00218-00043056-00043374 you know just my my upbringing
+rPsktf0R574-00219-00043375-00043615 my um you know my sisters i talked to
+rPsktf0R574-00220-00043616-00043735 one of them today the other one i
+rPsktf0R574-00221-00043736-00043871 haven't talked to yet but
+rPsktf0R574-00222-00043872-00044207 um and uh you know who is very proud and
+rPsktf0R574-00223-00044208-00044390 um you know my parents have passed away
+rPsktf0R574-00224-00044391-00044567 so they're not wherever they are
+rPsktf0R574-00225-00044568-00044855 they're you know um looking down i'm
+rPsktf0R574-00226-00044856-00044927 sure
+rPsktf0R574-00227-00044928-00045230 and yeah i'm just thinking about
+rPsktf0R574-00228-00045231-00045446 my college experience you know being
+rPsktf0R574-00229-00045447-00045590 trained by a female
+rPsktf0R574-00230-00045591-00045855 biochemist sharon panasenko at pomona
+rPsktf0R574-00231-00045856-00045935 college who was
+rPsktf0R574-00232-00045936-00046335 truly inspirational to me and
+rPsktf0R574-00233-00046336-00046535 and then just my mentors over the years
+rPsktf0R574-00234-00046536-00046695 who have been so supportive because
+rPsktf0R574-00235-00046696-00046943 that's that's critical for anybody but
+rPsktf0R574-00236-00046944-00047135 you know certainly for me uh helping to
+rPsktf0R574-00237-00047136-00047246 build my confidence
+rPsktf0R574-00238-00047247-00047446 in myself as a scientist that's that's
+rPsktf0R574-00239-00047447-00047590 been key so
+rPsktf0R574-00240-00047591-00047767 i'm i'm getting a lot of you know
+rPsktf0R574-00241-00047768-00047943 flashbacks going on and i guess the
+rPsktf0R574-00242-00047944-00048055 other thing i'm thinking about
+rPsktf0R574-00243-00048056-00048255 is um you know i'm just thinking about
+rPsktf0R574-00244-00048256-00048502 my son and and sort of people at his age
+rPsktf0R574-00245-00048503-00048671 you know it's a it's a challenging time
+rPsktf0R574-00246-00048672-00048967 right now for young people and i don't
+rPsktf0R574-00247-00048968-00049055 know to what extent
+rPsktf0R574-00248-00049056-00049215 young people pay that much attention
+rPsktf0R574-00249-00049216-00049479 honestly to nobel prize announcements
+rPsktf0R574-00250-00049480-00049727 i'm not sure i would have at 17 but you
+rPsktf0R574-00251-00049728-00049815 know i think for
+rPsktf0R574-00252-00049816-00050007 maybe for girls especially you know this
+rPsktf0R574-00253-00050008-00050183 is kind of a moment to
+rPsktf0R574-00254-00050184-00050455 take a step back from the the craziness
+rPsktf0R574-00255-00050456-00050535 that's going on
+rPsktf0R574-00256-00050536-00050774 and and just to kind of enjoy you know
+rPsktf0R574-00257-00050775-00050902 enjoy enjoy
+rPsktf0R574-00258-00050903-00051095 great science and and you know the
+rPsktf0R574-00259-00051096-00051270 process of discovery because that's
+rPsktf0R574-00260-00051271-00051454 that's why i've always done science
+rPsktf0R574-00261-00051455-00051687 i'm just so proud of berkeley um it's
+rPsktf0R574-00262-00051688-00051799 it's wonderful i i
+rPsktf0R574-00263-00051800-00051950 you know i'm really honored to to
+rPsktf0R574-00264-00051951-00052126 represent such a great university
+rPsktf0R574-00265-00052127-00052287 and couldn't have done the work without
+rPsktf0R574-00266-00052288-00052414 being here i don't think it would have
+rPsktf0R574-00267-00052415-00052591 happened if i wasn't at berkeley
+rPsktf0R574-00268-00052591-00052879 honestly um you know just because of all
+rPsktf0R574-00269-00052879-00053054 of the circumstances certainly my
+rPsktf0R574-00270-00053055-00053230 interaction with julian banfield uh
+rPsktf0R574-00271-00053232-00053503 being the the start of all of this but
+rPsktf0R574-00272-00053504-00053679 then you know having the good fortune to
+rPsktf0R574-00273-00053679-00053759 attract
+rPsktf0R574-00274-00053760-00053999 wonderful people to the lab and to have
+rPsktf0R574-00275-00054000-00054135 so many incredible colleagues i mean
+rPsktf0R574-00276-00054136-00054223 we've done
+rPsktf0R574-00277-00054224-00054447 so many uh collaborative uh projects
+rPsktf0R574-00278-00054448-00054575 over the years with with people at
+rPsktf0R574-00279-00054576-00054663 berkeley and
+rPsktf0R574-00280-00054664-00054863 you know i still i've been at berkeley
+rPsktf0R574-00281-00054864-00055038 18 years and i still occasionally have
+rPsktf0R574-00282-00055039-00055182 this feeling like i'll go to
+rPsktf0R574-00283-00055183-00055430 go to a seminar i'll go to some not so
+rPsktf0R574-00284-00055432-00055566 much these days we're not
+rPsktf0R574-00285-00055567-00055750 doing it in person but you know just
+rPsktf0R574-00286-00055751-00055919 events where i'm looking around
+rPsktf0R574-00287-00055920-00056150 the room or the zoom room with with
+rPsktf0R574-00288-00056151-00056319 colleagues and i i'll just have this
+rPsktf0R574-00289-00056320-00056430 momentary
+rPsktf0R574-00290-00056432-00056694 oh my gosh i am part of this you know
+rPsktf0R574-00291-00056695-00056871 and these people are all every single
+rPsktf0R574-00292-00056872-00057071 one of them is an incredible scholar
+rPsktf0R574-00293-00057072-00057423 and i'm so honored to be here i just i i
+rPsktf0R574-00294-00057424-00057623 you know i i still have that
+rPsktf0R574-00295-00057624-00057879 really deep you know feeling of being
+rPsktf0R574-00296-00057879-00057999 very very proud
+rPsktf0R574-00297-00058000-00058279 of of this university you're also very
+rPsktf0R574-00298-00058279-00058335 proud of
+rPsktf0R574-00299-00058336-00058638 your students and the students they give
+rPsktf0R574-00300-00058639-00058694 you a
+rPsktf0R574-00301-00058695-00059063 lift yeah oh yeah i mean they do i mean
+rPsktf0R574-00302-00059064-00059135 my students
+rPsktf0R574-00303-00059136-00059359 are are what you know keep me keep me
+rPsktf0R574-00304-00059360-00059607 going uh you know and and i'm just
+rPsktf0R574-00305-00059608-00059903 incredibly incredibly um honored to be
+rPsktf0R574-00306-00059904-00060224 part of all of this
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00000-00000070-00000380 okay now we come to the second part of
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00001-00000381-00001031 the mobility industry driver forcing
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00002-00001032-00001366 that's the electrical power which the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00003-00001367-00001574 other particles was the AI and the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00004-00001575-00001823 self-driving features and though that
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00005-00001823-00001970 took up our is possibly not as
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00006-00001971-00002165 revolutionary as the others because it's
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00007-00002166-00002417 been around for a while but finally
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00008-00002418-00002692 batteries are getting cheap enough and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00009-00002693-00002930 that is really becoming a very viable
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00010-00002931-00003199 technology we saw in the previous
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00011-00003200-00003747 section on the GM driving forces that
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00012-00003748-00004052 reason why people like to say Tesla's or
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00013-00004053-00004301 that current electrical vehicles was
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00014-00004302-00004561 actually the the ease of drive the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00015-00004562-00004865 fun-ness of the driving because the has
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00016-00004866-00005045 such excellent acceleration so
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00017-00005046-00005311 electrical motors have significant
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00018-00005312-00005501 advantage over internal combustion
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00019-00005502-00005731 engines and given how simple they are
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00020-00005732-00006031 complained of a complex internal
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00021-00006032-00006179 combustion engine this is a little
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00022-00006180-00006347 surprising actually electrical part
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00023-00006348-00006563 didn't come along earlier the reason
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00024-00006564-00006776 must simply be batteries the batteries
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00025-00006777-00007117 are so heavy that they just become good
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00026-00007118-00007559 enough to work but they really have you
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00027-00007559-00007792 just press the accelerator on my Tesla
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00028-00007793-00007939 and you realize there's a huge
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00029-00007940-00008249 difference from internal combustion
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00030-00008250-00008435 engines although of course Ferraris go
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00031-00008436-00008642 quite fast with internal combustion
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00032-00008643-00009188 agents alright so let's move on so here
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00033-00009189-00009510 is the global feet of electrical
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00034-00009511-00009910 vehicles getting up to 127 million by
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00035-00009911-00010171 2030 as usual with these graphs they're
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00036-00010172-00010496 sort of metaphysical in that there are
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00037-00010497-00010727 lots of sump shion's built into them but
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00038-00010728-00010883 they're illustrative of what people
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00039-00010884-00011110 think if anything like my impression is
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00040-00011111-00011405 more and more driving forces are going
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00041-00011406-00011656 to the more more horses of jumping to
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00042-00011657-00011912 the electrical side from the internal
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00043-00011913-00012460 combustion side so and we notice that GM
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00044-00012461-00012698 has twenty new electrical vehicle
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00045-00012699-00013513 in 2023 TM 20 there we are 20 so it's
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00046-00013515-00014087 getting pretty popular now as well as
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00047-00014088-00014344 automobiles which we we can look at
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00048-00014346-00014678 trucks we mentioned trucks already they
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00049-00014679-00014876 have interesting features compared to
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00050-00014877-00015197 cars they tend to drive a more regular
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00051-00015197-00015413 bug trucks these large trucks drive on
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00052-00015413-00015734 rather straightforward boots because
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00053-00015735-00015905 there's sort of like a train train so
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00054-00015906-00016301 for an untrained Pro trucks Ranger rail
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00055-00016302-00016610 tracks but and trucks go on ordinary
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00056-00016611-00016841 roads but they tend to use the Browse I
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00057-00016842-00017111 wrote like railroads they tend that you
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00058-00017112-00017440 vary they don't go on all possible roads
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00059-00017441-00017672 that's a little different from the UPS
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00060-00017673-00017924 delivery trucks from all the postal
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00061-00017925-00018127 service delivery transfers go everywhere
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00062-00018128-00018482 and have we the go to e trucks they
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00063-00018483-00018746 satisfy the need for stricter emissions
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00064-00018747-00019568 and the fact that it just costs a lot to
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00065-00019569-00020269 buy into trucks and you can look at that
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00066-00020270-00020732 these two classes the UPS USPS class the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00067-00020733-00020978 short deliveries these are running
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00068-00020979-00021188 around Bloomington delivering things all
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00069-00021189-00021755 day and although we as well see later we
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00070-00021756-00021914 expect these trucks to come on under
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00071-00021915-00022388 door distances there are various costing
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00072-00022389-00022631 and infrastructure and like charges
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00073-00022632-00022975 which make it someone easier to do for
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00074-00022976-00023552 the short distance first yeah this
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00075-00023553-00023786 number here surprises me that there are
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00076-00023787-00024140 actually so many over 10% of the guests
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00077-00024141-00024386 as many guest charges there are gas
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00078-00024387-00024547 stations are certainly not true in
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00079-00024548-00024836 Indiana the number of useful charges is
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00080-00024837-00024922 negligible
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00081-00024923-00025247 it's counsel you know what it is maybe a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00082-00025248-00025394 hundred or something I don't know what
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00083-00025395-00025615 it is its nature book and the whole
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00084-00025616-00025800 parts of Indiana were know
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00085-00025801-00026377 no useful charges so here is the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00086-00026377-00026701 electric truck sales in thousand three
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00087-00026702-00026839 hundred and thirty two thousand and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00088-00026839-00027099 twenty twenty six and it's growing like
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00089-00027100-00027364 all these Exponential's thirty percent
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00090-00027364-00028058 per year and here this is about
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00091-00028059-00028354 greenhouse gas emissions by economic
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00092-00028355-00028798 segment and it's transportation is
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00093-00028799-00028989 twenty eight percent so cutting that
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00094-00028991-00029236 down to zero or make a non-trivial
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00095-00029237-00029974 difference okay so if you're on the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00096-00029975-00030195 short distance charging is a lot easier
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00097-00030197-00030457 because you either you don't drive these
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00098-00030458-00030898 giant the kitchen running around you
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00099-00030899-00031080 don't drive long distances and by the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00100-00031081-00031342 way electrical motors are more efficient
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00101-00031343-00031855 for the stuff and go scenario and it's
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00102-00031856-00032115 running around Bloomington and compared
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00103-00032116-00032439 to internal combustion agents and so you
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00104-00032440-00032674 don't go as a little bigger distance and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00105-00032675-00033061 you will always be in the zero charter
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00106-00033062-00033195 and you'll probably almost certainly
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00107-00033196-00033679 because it is charging overnight all
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00108-00033680-00034299 right so if we go to continue this we
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00109-00034300-00034833 have the cost and medium trucks have
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00110-00034834-00035064 smaller batteries and as the battery's a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00111-00035065-00035370 primary driver of the additional cost of
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00112-00035371-00035776 an electric truck that's pretty
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00113-00035777-00036295 important as I pointed out running
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00114-00036296-00036480 around Bloomington you may get up to
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00115-00036481-00036910 high 100 200 150 miles but not after 400
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00116-00036911-00037140 miles and so you can you will just have
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00117-00037141-00037408 to recharge once a day I point the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00118-00037409-00037629 stop-and-go is more efficient for
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00119-00037630-00037882 electrical vehicles than internal
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00120-00037883-00038439 combustion the long haul wait so though
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00121-00038440-00038620 these classes are but that's called
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00122-00038621-00038837 class seven and eight
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00123-00038838-00039455 we'll take longer and they need lots of
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00124-00039456-00039719 battery and that means a higher upfront
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00125-00039720-00040382 costs and Tesla has a semi large semi
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00126-00040383-00040703 truck and it's meant to be around 150
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00127-00040704-00040976 thousand dollars compared to a diesel
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00128-00040977-00041390 truck at 120 because they're heavy you
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00129-00041391-00041672 may not be able to carry as much and we
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00130-00041673-00042053 need also charges which is suitable we
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00131-00042054-00042296 need to take the texts and superchargers
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00132-00042297-00042608 and not position suitably for suitable
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00133-00042609-00042928 for trucks to park your truck without
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00134-00042929-00043217 blocking all that supercharges in there
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00135-00043218-00043784 in a little collection and here we have
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00136-00043785-00044048 a typical supercharger claims will take
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00137-00044049-00044255 8 hours to charge a heavy-duty truck
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00138-00044256-00044552 that's obviously unacceptable alright
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00139-00044553-00044963 here is a sort of summary and blue who
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00140-00044964-00045340 is medium red is heavy and this is the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00141-00045341-00045662 parity between electric trucks and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00142-00045663-00046061 diesel so much that we see initial cost
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00143-00046062-00046352 it will be twenty thirty before there's
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00144-00046353-00047183 parity for the any of the trucks cost it
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00145-00047184-00047459 will actually be perceivable for twenty
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00146-00047460-00047654 thirteen family duty trucks I'm not
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00147-00047655-00047822 certain how much we really know about
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00148-00047823-00048209 that operating cost you can see actually
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00149-00048210-00048659 between 2020 and 2025 or everything will
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00150-00048660-00048941 be sort of ok the maximum daily range is
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00151-00048942-00049322 non-trivial and that will not be
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00152-00049323-00049949 competitive between until 2030 so you
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00153-00049950-00050387 can see as long as you don't need huge
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00154-00050388-00050603 range and you can afford some of the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00155-00050604-00050825 increased initial cost because you might
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00156-00050826-00051077 have other cost savings later on the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00157-00051078-00051204 plus you might have to satisfy
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00158-00051205-00051740 regulation greenhouse gases and things
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00159-00051741-00052031 Neutrality the means you would like to
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00160-00052032-00052611 invest in e trucks all right so there's
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00161-00052612-00052974 some sort of interesting discussion in
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00162-00052975-00053156 trucking about whether there's a problem
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00163-00053157-00053574 with drivers they need there's a general
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00164-00053575-00054041 comment about them new technologies they
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00165-00054042-00054343 could take away the old jobs now the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00166-00054344-00054597 optimist will say they will create new
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00167-00054598-00055074 jobs with China which is equal in number
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00168-00055075-00055247 to the old jobs they're just different
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00169-00055248-00055601 in the case of trucking my mother the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00170-00055602-00056044 new job as well there will be the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00171-00056045-00056426 manager of the supercharger station or
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00172-00056427-00056904 the writer of the software but the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00173-00056904-00057092 interesting thing is there already is a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00174-00057094-00057321 shortage of drivers which says that the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00175-00057322-00057612 current younger generation doesn't want
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00176-00057613-00058248 to drive trucks and actually the the the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00177-00058249-00058521 salary for drivers is going up recently
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00178-00058522-00058817 just to be able to be able to get the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00179-00058819-00059105 current trucks on the road so there's
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00180-00059107-00059499 this interesting thing called attuning
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00181-00059500-00060055 which says that as a stopgap between
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00182-00060057-00060431 full self-driving trucks and now you
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00183-00060432-00060573 could actually have a collection of
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00184-00060574-00060842 trucks there'd be half a dozen and you
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00185-00060844-00061263 would link them together and control
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00186-00061264-00061434 them with a single human being that's a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00187-00061435-00061730 pretty scary actually if I was driving a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00188-00061732-00062016 semi is pretty scary to drive six Emmys
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00189-00062016-00062255 in a complicated situation I'm not
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00190-00062256-00062792 certain I'd ever want to do that so
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00191-00062794-00063050 anyway there's some peloton startup
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00192-00063051-00063300 company has an automatic platooning
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00193-00063301-00063675 system and you have to obviously be very
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00194-00063676-00063966 careful you can't go gallivanting down
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00195-00063966-00064307 the down a hill and have six trucks
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00196-00064308-00064521 piling in on top of each other all sorts
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00197-00064522-00064791 of things happening
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00198-00064792-00065200 and it's not Anna may not even be
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00199-00065201-00065395 possible there's a big and they will
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00200-00065396-00065596 stretch over very different of physical
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00201-00065597-00065842 environments and that somehow what you
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00202-00065843-00066007 do with the lead truck may not be the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00203-00066008-00066247 correct thing to do with the backend
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00204-00066248-00066466 trucks I'm not so certain this actually
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00205-00066467-00066706 works but we'll see I don't think is
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00206-00066707-00066904 actually used in practice at the moment
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00207-00066905-00067206 and here is this a survey of the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00208-00067207-00067618 trucking industries concerns and they
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00209-00067619-00067858 point out that their current dominant
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00210-00067859-00068212 prod them is driver shortage and there
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00211-00068213-00068434 are all sorts of other ones like salary
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00212-00068435-00068605 which is related to shortage whose
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00213-00068606-00069574 salary goes up and so anyway they the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00214-00069575-00069772 other there's just a host of problem of
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00215-00069773-00069961 these are actually huge numbers for
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00216-00069962-00070285 14.8% is not a very big number compared
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00217-00070286-00070456 to some other numbers you have when you
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00218-00070457-00070837 spot do polling now here's another
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00219-00070838-00071128 feature here's another view of the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00220-00071129-00071290 trucking industry which is there's a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00221-00071291-00072196 recession at the moment in 2018 there
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00222-00072197-00072408 were lots of new truck drivers added
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00223-00072409-00072820 56,000 and lots of people started their
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00224-00072821-00072997 own trucking companies and so on but
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00225-00072998-00073219 then suddenly for some reason I don't
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00226-00073220-00073432 know why there was a recession maybe
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00227-00073433-00073699 people just had too many trucks I don't
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00228-00073700-00073984 know and there were 640 trucking
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00229-00073985-00074161 companies went out of business and the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00230-00074162-00074548 first six months of 2019 which is twice
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00231-00074549-00075345 the failures or 2018 and in 2019 note
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00232-00075346-00076156 the number of jobs also went down and in
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00233-00076157-00076360 fact in 2020 there's going to be a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00234-00076361-00077392 continuing 500,000 trucks in 2019 less
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00235-00077393-00077725 than 200 and they expect 2020 to be
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00236-00077726-00077998 worse than 2019 so it does look as
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00237-00077999-00078126 though people
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00238-00078127-00078557 this is a remarkable variation here
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00239-00078558-00078831 doesn't sound quite rational you expect
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00240-00078832-00079305 it to be more like some sort of
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00241-00079306-00079824 averaging insurance rates have
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00242-00079825-00080316 contributed a bit to this and because
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00243-00080317-00080605 the trucking companies are deep pocket
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00244-00080606-00080988 so jury's award giant giant Awards
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00245-00080989-00081162 assuming the trucking company will just
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00246-00081163-00081748 pay up when their driver is guilty of
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00247-00081749-00082174 some driving mistake so anyway I think
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00248-00082175-00082528 trucking is tricky and not even sir I
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00249-00082529-00082717 think I might prefer just simple
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00250-00082718-00083031 self-driving trucks and then view the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00251-00083032-00083248 freeways like railroads where you have
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00252-00083249-00083455 self-driving trucks on them then you
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00253-00083456-00083892 have to have self-driving cars
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00254-00083893-00084109 here's another sort of random remark
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00255-00084110-00084513 which is Tesla's capitalization compared
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00256-00084514-00085068 to Volkswagen so in the early 2020 Tesla
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00257-00085069-00085217 passed
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00258-00085218-00085586 Volkswagens in valuation Volkswagen was
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00259-00085587-00085942 really this was January 28th and tester
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00260-00085943-00086124 became and almost a hundred billion
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00261-00086125-00086440 dollars actually continued going up and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00262-00086441-00086671 there's now up here it's now and every
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00263-00086672-00086979 4th of 158 billion that some sort of
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00264-00086980-00087249 bubble which might down bubble itself
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00265-00087250-00087436 but their test is now worth quite a lot
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00266-00087437-00087616 because it's actually successful it's
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00267-00087617-00087912 making money it seems to have it's on a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00268-00087913-00088135 roll with a new factory in China and so
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00269-00088136-00088474 on and it's amazing now that you know GM
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00270-00088475-00088966 is 48 billion Tesla is much larger than
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00271-00088967-00089838 GM plus fort remarkable and and there
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00272-00089839-00090111 here is the Volkswagens own chief exec
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00273-00090112-00090336 officer says the time of the traditional
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00274-00090337-00090579 car manufacturer is over I actually
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00275-00090580-00090804 think GM knows that and is trying to
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00276-00090805-00091161 address it but it's amazing even though
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00277-00091162-00091330 GM and Tom
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00278-00091331-00091858 people is for over four times the size
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00279-00091859-00092439 of Tesla GM is worth one third of Tesla
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00280-00092440-00092665 so there's some sort of discrepancy
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00281-00092666-00093013 which is a factor of ten in the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00282-00093014-00093307 valuations just to reflect the quality
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00283-00093308-00093694 like the the value-added or quality of
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00284-00093695-00093861 the company
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00285-00093862-00094189 Taylor Tesla is focused on the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00286-00094190-00094476 up-and-coming things GM is wallowing in
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00287-00094477-00094756 the pasta by GM I mean I would refer to
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00288-00094757-00095140 all the classic car companies now we
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00289-00095141-00095722 switch to a different topic drones here
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00290-00095723-00096007 is a very pretty recent October 2019
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00291-00096008-00096235 announcement the wing which is a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00292-00096236-00096729 subsidiary of Google delivered by drones
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00293-00096730-00097024 medication snacks and gifts in this
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00294-00097025-00097294 community Christians welcome Virginia
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00295-00097295-00097765 it's had correctly in the US you have to
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00296-00097766-00098094 get a certificate from the FAA and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00297-00098095-00098272 Google slash willing to have that
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00298-00098273-00098581 certificate and they were the first to
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00299-00098582-00098743 have a sort of commercial delivery
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00300-00098744-00099094 service to home system and they work
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00301-00099095-00099442 with FedEx Walgreens for the medication
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00302-00099443-00099772 notice this thing here it's perceived
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00303-00099773-00100102 that the value of drones and medication
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00304-00100103-00100264 is particularly high because they're
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00305-00100265-00100546 very important to get prescriptions on
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00306-00100547-00100975 time to needy patients and they may make
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00307-00100976-00101161 it a lot easier they can we had a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00308-00101162-00101575 comment that for this medical delivery
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00309-00101576-00102289 medical delivery services that actually
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00310-00102290-00102589 when you had automatic delivery people
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00311-00102590-00102930 took their pills or more diligently and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00312-00102931-00103147 here we have sugar and Magnolia which is
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00313-00103148-00103852 basically a retailer of these sacs and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00314-00103853-00104067 gifts which we mentioned up there
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00315-00104068-00104430 and so this is obviously the first of
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00316-00104431-00104672 summation is expected to explode in
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00317-00104673-00105054 importance and it had this this
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00318-00105055-00105240 particular text here must have come from
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00319-00105241-00105456 a press release because it said all
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00320-00105457-00105717 these companies are innovative wonderful
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00321-00105718-00106046 working in the public best interest and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00322-00106047-00106310 they're pictures of all these drones and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00323-00106311-00106625 the related drones on the next slide so
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00324-00106626-00107547 let's go through that now so you have a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00325-00107548-00108006 wing drone and here we have a UPS drone
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00326-00108007-00108278 comparing them gain here is the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00327-00108279-00108576 autonomous vehicle market you've seen
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00328-00108577-00108915 this to graph time before and this is
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00329-00108916-00109332 with flight forward the UPS people have
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00330-00109333-00109608 a deal with CBS previa wing had a deal
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00331-00109608-00110349 with with Walgreens when the UPS
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00332-00110350-00110663 actually has this man tape from the FAA
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00333-00110664-00111165 and here is some comment the 5g is
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00334-00111166-00111392 reasonably important we know we're in a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00335-00111393-00111672 technology change we're going from 4G to
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00336-00111673-00111972 5g and there's an enormous increase in
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00337-00111973-00112143 performance hundred times faster and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00338-00112144-00112506 also lower latency so that's a lab
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00339-00112507-00112707 that's a very important for drones you
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00340-00112708-00112941 can not only get controls up to the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00341-00112942-00113276 drones and bit in greater quality and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00342-00113277-00113670 shorter time you can also use the drone
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00343-00113671-00114222 to gather data in a quicker time and the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00344-00114223-00114498 AI can now be more efficiently on the on
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00345-00114499-00114825 the earth when if you have a very fast
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00346-00114826-00115023 connection you can afford to put the AI
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00347-00115024-00115365 controller on the ground and put and
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00348-00115366-00115614 therefore not use up weight in the air
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00349-00115615-00115857 because these these drones they do not
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00350-00115858-00116040 have very high range and they're
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00351-00116041-00116547 significantly limited by that and here
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00352-00116548-00116730 we have low latency is important because
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00353-00116731-00116913 when you're making real-time decisions
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00354-00116914-00117117 the latency of the sending the message
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00355-00117118-00117193 back from the
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00356-00117194-00117779 turn to the base is non-trivial here's a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00357-00117780-00118236 data this is not a lot aircraft drone
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00358-00118237-00118635 it's a it's a wheel drone and this comes
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00359-00118636-00119250 from Yandex which is the Russian company
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00360-00119251-00119670 the equivalent of Google and it's some
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00361-00119671-00120059 index HQ in Moscow and it's basically
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00362-00120060-00120333 delivering it around a large company
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00363-00120334-00120876 campus that is clearly a realistic thing
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00364-00120877-00121409 to do compared to trying to drive on a
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00365-00121410-00121704 complex dynamic road if you're just
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00366-00121705-00121972 driving around the company campus that
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00367-00121973-00122446 is much easier and here is expectation
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00368-00122447-00123026 of the growth of drones in logistics
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00369-00123027-00123452 then you're not drones robots and we
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00370-00123453-00123738 know this hugely successful than Amazon
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00371-00123739-00123939 warehouses we've seen pictures of those
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00372-00123940-00124239 before and here is the growth which is
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00373-00124240-00124519 pretty fast here going up to seven
+rPDSb5Qf98k-00374-00124520-00124929 hundred and twelve thousand and 2022
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00000-00000008-00000182 this is a piece of research by don
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00001-00000183-00000519 lowsky ital published in 2013 video
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00002-00000520-00000831 there is a link to all of these and i've
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00003-00000832-00001023 offered you a summary of what the
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00004-00001024-00001239 research suggests in terms of academic
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00005-00001240-00001535 research laboratory settings rather than
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00006-00001536-00001782 classroom settings in science maths
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00007-00001784-00002126 subject types rather than the arts and
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00008-00002127-00002350 more often if it is a classroom setting
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00009-00002351-00002591 it tends to be secondary rather than
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00010-00002592-00002823 primary do look at the research in
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00011-00002824-00003015 greater detail see what you can take
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00012-00003016-00003215 away how it can inspire you and your
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00013-00003215-00003422 work and your thinking here are your
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00014-00003423-00003654 nine explicit study skills some you'll
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00015-00003655-00003886 recognize some you did yourself when you
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00016-00003887-00004095 were at school studying some things that
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00017-00004096-00004327 we maybe subconsciously do with our
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00018-00004328-00004599 students rather than consciously and
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00019-00004600-00004847 explicitly teaching them how to do these
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00020-00004848-00005070 things for example mnemonics you know
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00021-00005071-00005199 how do you remember the colors of the
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00022-00005200-00005422 rainbow richard of york gave battle in
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00023-00005423-00005686 vain in order to retrieve the letters
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00024-00005687-00005870 you'll be familiar with all these please
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00025-00005871-00006022 take a look in a little bit more detail
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00026-00006023-00006206 so they're all there you've got the
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00027-00006207-00006559 efficacy advocacy means uh intended for
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00028-00006559-00006783 its desired result and of course within
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00029-00006784-00006967 this itself you know whether you're
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00030-00006968-00007142 working with a four-year-old or a year
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00031-00007143-00007287 old there are many different ways that
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00032-00007288-00007614 you can help students retrieve cognitive
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00033-00007615-00007878 scientists that i work with their best
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00034-00007879-00008063 definition i can give you for teachers
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00035-00008064-00008374 is to ask students to write it or say it
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00036-00008375-00008559 and pull it out of their head rather
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00037-00008560-00008774 than think about the second planet from
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00038-00008775-00009039 the sun i need you to write it maybe
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00039-00009040-00009239 share it with a friend then say it or
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00040-00009240-00009431 show it to me on a whiteboard is a much
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00041-00009432-00009703 more effective and concrete method for
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00042-00009704-00009942 ensuring that your students do think
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00043-00009943-00010151 about your question bottom half are in
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00044-00010152-00010327 no particular order i've highlighted
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00045-00010328-00010567 them as yellow the research says low
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00046-00010568-00010727 doesn't mean that you should disregard
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00047-00010728-00010999 them at all they do have an impact maybe
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00048-00011000-00011246 not as beneficial as the others again
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00049-00011247-00011423 with caution thinking more as an
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00050-00011424-00011551 academic
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00051-00011552-00011823 a higher impact in what context
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00052-00011824-00012031 the research looks at lots of
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00053-00012032-00012263 established studies so a meta-analysis
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00054-00012264-00012551 is research of already published
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00055-00012552-00012838 research and it gathers it all together
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00056-00012839-00013038 and then tries to work out if it has a
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00057-00013039-00013311 high medium or low efficacy i suspect
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00058-00013312-00013471 within some of these studies there'll be
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00059-00013472-00013663 one or two that have a really high
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00060-00013663-00013886 impact in a particular context but
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00061-00013887-00014079 overall the research looking at the
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00062-00014080-00014335 overall picture suggest low so
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00063-00014336-00014494 we could spend all day on this but i
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00064-00014495-00014647 want to move on
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00065-00014647-00014807 these are your full power tools now this
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00066-00014808-00015038 is inspired by pooja agarwal and patrice
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00067-00015040-00015303 bain who produced a wonderful book
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00068-00015304-00015527 called powerful teaching their summary
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00069-00015528-00015775 of their own retrieval practice academic
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00070-00015776-00016055 research in their classrooms these are a
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00071-00016056-00016343 teacher's full power tools retrieval
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00072-00016344-00016630 space interleaving feedback driven
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00073-00016631-00016871 retrieval pull it out of kids heads
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00074-00016872-00017175 write it or say it space content so that
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00075-00017176-00017455 kind of curriculum sequence interleaving
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00076-00017456-00017727 think fruit salad apples pears bananas
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00077-00017728-00018007 strawberries all mixed together similar
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00078-00018008-00018311 categories rather than an abstract
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00079-00018312-00018599 content which might be trees volcanoes
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00080-00018600-00018799 or even baked beans although it's a food
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00081-00018800-00019079 category it's a different type of
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00082-00019080-00019327 substance within the umbrella of that
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00083-00019328-00019503 curriculum material so
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00084-00019504-00019719 when you're mixing your content in a
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00085-00019720-00019950 spaced fashion through your curriculum
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00086-00019951-00020214 design it's important to mix similar
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00087-00020215-00020478 topics rather than abstract and then
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00088-00020479-00020671 you've got your feedback in other videos
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00089-00020672-00020911 i'll sign post a link in this video
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00090-00020912-00021094 feedback feed up food forward verbal
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00091-00021095-00021294 written non-verbal there are many
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00092-00021295-00021494 different ways and obviously we know it
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00093-00021495-00021671 needs to be timely it needs to be
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00094-00021672-00021855 manageable for the teacher meaningful
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00095-00021856-00022063 and motivational for the student in
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00096-00022064-00022358 order now this is um again from puja
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00097-00022359-00022591 argo and patrice baines their 10
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00098-00022592-00022807 benefits so within their book they've
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00099-00022808-00022943 got all these headlines i've produced
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00100-00022944-00023191 this little graphic you've got all these
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00101-00023192-00023367 in lots of the resources they've got
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00102-00023368-00023542 lots of great resources in their book
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00103-00023543-00023694 i'd really recommend that you check it
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00104-00023695-00023983 out the retention pretty straightforward
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00105-00023984-00024191 transfer of knowledge from short-term
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00106-00024192-00024471 memory to long-term developing schema as
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00107-00024472-00024671 a teacher i can identify what you know
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00108-00024672-00024991 or don't know uh pandemic and covert
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00109-00024992-00025239 learning lost it increases that learning
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00110-00025240-00025455 that's lost so it's a nice safe way to
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00111-00025456-00025839 build up metacognition self-regulation
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00112-00025839-00026078 and acquisition of knowledge and what i
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00113-00026079-00026255 love bringing all this together this is
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00114-00026256-00026446 my example so it's not an exclusive do
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00115-00026447-00026607 it this way
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00116-00026608-00026799 how you might look at your curriculum
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00117-00026800-00026983 schema work your curriculum design
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00118-00026983-00027279 alongside where you would teach explicit
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00119-00027280-00027607 study skills month by month on a regular
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00120-00027608-00027862 basis throughout the academic year by
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00121-00027863-00028118 maybe in year seven in september in a
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00122-00028119-00028246 history subject
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00123-00028247-00028487 we will explicitly teach students how to
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00124-00028488-00028758 highlight as a study skill alongside the
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00125-00028760-00029046 teaching of rivers volcanoes or a
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00126-00029047-00029279 particular unit then in october they get
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00127-00029280-00029479 a recap that skill becomes a little bit
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00128-00029480-00029646 more embedded and then they're
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00129-00029647-00029895 introduced to summarization and you can
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00130-00029895-00030190 maybe start to see how each study skill
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00131-00030191-00030407 builds on the other to a point where at
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00132-00030408-00030599 the end of year seven in history they
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00133-00030600-00030758 are fully aware of all these different
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00134-00030760-00030958 study skills and then in year eight it
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00135-00030960-00031158 becomes more deeply embedded the
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00136-00031160-00031383 strategies that teachers ask students to
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00137-00031383-00031614 complete are a bit more detailed and a
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00138-00031616-00031807 bit more demanding and then this is
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00139-00031808-00031990 mapped across the department or the year
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00140-00031991-00032302 group and across the school alongside
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00141-00032303-00032583 your curriculum design imagine that now
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00142-00032583-00032815 i haven't seen many schools
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00143-00032816-00033031 publish this type of stuff i know one or
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00144-00033032-00033311 two are but it's not there everywhere
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00145-00033312-00033502 and and this is a maybe something that
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00146-00033503-00033687 you can look at alongside your
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00147-00033688-00033846 curriculum designs
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00148-00033847-00034111 to help students develop these study
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00149-00034112-00034207 skills
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00150-00034208-00034359 as a kind of
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00151-00034360-00034567 tool that they need for life
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00152-00034568-00034735 in terms of developing that love of
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00153-00034736-00034983 learning as well as knowing how to
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00154-00034984-00035135 self-regulate
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00155-00035136-00035295 their kind of approaches to their
+rQPCBs_sLuc-00156-00035296-00035716 studies and i hope it helps
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00000-00000169-00000335 [Applause]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00001-00000336-00000551 the ninja he has summoned are about to
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00002-00000552-00001090 be put to the test
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00003-00001091-00001543 [Applause]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00004-00001544-00001791 as the young ninja grows her lessons
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00005-00001792-00002007 become more deadly
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00006-00002007-00002207 lessons are grueling
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00007-00002208-00002471 every move is rehearsed precisely and
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00008-00002472-00004814 endlessly
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00009-00004815-00005222 [Music]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00010-00005223-00005375 first assignment
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00011-00005376-00005771 assassination
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00012-00005772-00006728 [Music]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00013-00006729-00007006 [Applause]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00014-00007008-00007143 but
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00015-00007144-00008070 [Music]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00016-00008072-00008903 warriors of the night
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00017-00008904-00009887 [Music]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00018-00009888-00010104 foreign
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00019-00010105-00010663 [Music]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00020-00010664-00010887 where the ninja had been there is
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00021-00010888-00011399 darkness
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00022-00011400-00011621 uh
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00023-00011622-00013222 [Music]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00024-00013223-00015783 so
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00025-00015784-00016191 [Music]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00026-00016191-00016343 first assignment
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00027-00016344-00016960 assassination
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00028-00016961-00017700 [Music]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00029-00017701-00017950 [Applause]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00030-00017951-00018079 what
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00031-00018080-00018839 [Music]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00032-00018840-00019071 so
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00033-00019072-00019205 [Applause]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00034-00019206-00019874 [Music]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00035-00019875-00020071 [Music]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00036-00020072-00020954 so
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00037-00020955-00022127 [Music]
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00038-00022128-00022399 the masters of invisible warfare
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00039-00022400-00022599 disappeared
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00040-00022600-00023071 slowly absorbed into time and legend
+rRAU-ygWi8Q-00041-00023072-00023420 and the night
+rU03gl1DhAA-00000-00000056-00000223 i'm michael peach and this is my wife
+rU03gl1DhAA-00001-00000224-00000438 libby and we're the new owners of zen
+rU03gl1DhAA-00002-00000440-00000703 with the cincinnati tri-state
+rU03gl1DhAA-00003-00000704-00000790 well
+rU03gl1DhAA-00004-00000791-00001007 who wants a salesman in your house
+rU03gl1DhAA-00005-00001008-00001150 libby do you want somebody in your house
+rU03gl1DhAA-00006-00001151-00001343 absolutely not no
+rU03gl1DhAA-00007-00001344-00001687 there will never ever be anyone that
+rU03gl1DhAA-00008-00001688-00001910 comes into your house
+rU03gl1DhAA-00009-00001911-00002239 and ties your time up for hours to try
+rU03gl1DhAA-00010-00002240-00002559 to get you to buy windows
+rU03gl1DhAA-00011-00002560-00002783 that is not what we are about
+rU03gl1DhAA-00012-00002784-00002902 the only thing you really want to know
+rU03gl1DhAA-00013-00002903-00003055 is the price right
+rU03gl1DhAA-00014-00003056-00003222 we'll give you that in five minutes
+rU03gl1DhAA-00015-00003223-00003383 simple as that
+rU03gl1DhAA-00016-00003384-00003583 once you decide to move forward
+rU03gl1DhAA-00017-00003584-00003783 what's going to happen is staller is
+rU03gl1DhAA-00018-00003784-00003870 going to come out and you're going to
+rU03gl1DhAA-00019-00003871-00004054 measure your windows he's going to order
+rU03gl1DhAA-00020-00004055-00004175 your windows
+rU03gl1DhAA-00021-00004176-00004319 you're going to receive the windows in
+rU03gl1DhAA-00022-00004320-00004479 and he's gonna call you back and
+rU03gl1DhAA-00023-00004480-00004686 schedule an appointment to come out and
+rU03gl1DhAA-00024-00004687-00004975 install the ones it's as simple as that
+rU03gl1DhAA-00025-00004976-00005135 it's all done
+rU03gl1DhAA-00026-00005136-00005375 on your terms you'll understand the
+rU03gl1DhAA-00027-00005376-00005631 process at each step of the way with an
+rU03gl1DhAA-00028-00005632-00005751 email
+rU03gl1DhAA-00029-00005752-00005863 and
+rU03gl1DhAA-00030-00005864-00006038 you're in control
+rU03gl1DhAA-00031-00006039-00006247 as in windows we don't collect any money
+rU03gl1DhAA-00032-00006248-00006431 until you're completely satisfied with
+rU03gl1DhAA-00033-00006431-00006710 the windows and the installation that
+rU03gl1DhAA-00034-00006711-00006814 puts you
+rU03gl1DhAA-00035-00006815-00007134 in control throughout the whole process
+rU03gl1DhAA-00036-00007136-00007270 if you're looking for windows just give
+rU03gl1DhAA-00037-00007272-00007375 me a call
+rU03gl1DhAA-00038-00007376-00007542 send me an email
+rU03gl1DhAA-00039-00007543-00007767 let me know a few things about your
+rU03gl1DhAA-00040-00007768-00007942 what you're doing and i'll send you a
+rU03gl1DhAA-00041-00007943-00008167 quote in five minutes
+rU03gl1DhAA-00042-00008168-00008871 it's painless
+rU03gl1DhAA-00043-00008872-00009079 you
+rVosj5D0X-E-00000-00000056-00000390 in this video let's explore the angle
+rVosj5D0X-E-00001-00000391-00000534 between
+rVosj5D0X-E-00002-00000535-00000790 wavefronts
+rVosj5D0X-E-00003-00000791-00001062 and
+rVosj5D0X-E-00004-00001063-00001383 rays of light
+rVosj5D0X-E-00005-00001384-00001663 the angle between these two
+rVosj5D0X-E-00006-00001664-00001982 and why should we do that well we will
+rVosj5D0X-E-00007-00001984-00002223 see in future videos it will be really
+rVosj5D0X-E-00008-00002224-00002415 important for us to be able to
+rVosj5D0X-E-00009-00002416-00002647 reconstruct wave fronts given the rays
+rVosj5D0X-E-00010-00002648-00002958 of light or given the wave fronts draw
+rVosj5D0X-E-00011-00002959-00003134 the rays of light it'll be really easy
+rVosj5D0X-E-00012-00003135-00003351 to do that if we understand the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00013-00003352-00003551 relationship between that you know the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00014-00003552-00003711 angle between them and that's why we're
+rVosj5D0X-E-00015-00003711-00003951 exploring that now before we start let's
+rVosj5D0X-E-00016-00003952-00004143 quickly remind ourselves what what wave
+rVosj5D0X-E-00017-00004144-00004303 fronts are
+rVosj5D0X-E-00018-00004304-00004470 well i always like to go back and look
+rVosj5D0X-E-00019-00004471-00004702 at the animation representing heightens
+rVosj5D0X-E-00020-00004703-00004799 picture
+rVosj5D0X-E-00021-00004800-00004991 wavefronts are basically set of
+rVosj5D0X-E-00022-00004992-00005238 particles which are oscillating in sync
+rVosj5D0X-E-00023-00005239-00005431 with each other which are in phase with
+rVosj5D0X-E-00024-00005432-00005718 each other over here
+rVosj5D0X-E-00025-00005719-00005902 if you look at these ripples these
+rVosj5D0X-E-00026-00005903-00006118 ripples are what represent the wave
+rVosj5D0X-E-00027-00006119-00006351 fronts since these ripples are spherical
+rVosj5D0X-E-00028-00006352-00006550 this is in three dimension we say the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00029-00006551-00006806 wave fronts over here are spherical in
+rVosj5D0X-E-00030-00006808-00007006 nature and why do we say that well
+rVosj5D0X-E-00031-00007008-00007231 that's because if you look at a
+rVosj5D0X-E-00032-00007231-00007519 particular sphere notice every single
+rVosj5D0X-E-00033-00007520-00007670 particle on that sphere will be
+rVosj5D0X-E-00034-00007672-00007895 oscillating in sync with each other look
+rVosj5D0X-E-00035-00007895-00008142 at that they'll be oscillating in sync
+rVosj5D0X-E-00036-00008143-00008478 and that's why we say that this sphere
+rVosj5D0X-E-00037-00008479-00008695 represents a wavefront
+rVosj5D0X-E-00038-00008696-00008951 and so over here every single sphere
+rVosj5D0X-E-00039-00008952-00009183 which is centered at the source will
+rVosj5D0X-E-00040-00009184-00009431 represent a wavefront and what we want
+rVosj5D0X-E-00041-00009432-00009591 to do now
+rVosj5D0X-E-00042-00009592-00009671 is
+rVosj5D0X-E-00043-00009672-00009967 find the angle between the wavefronts
+rVosj5D0X-E-00044-00009968-00010214 and the rays of light
+rVosj5D0X-E-00045-00010215-00010446 okay so if i were to draw those
+rVosj5D0X-E-00046-00010447-00010655 wavefronts those spherical waveforms
+rVosj5D0X-E-00047-00010656-00010903 here they are what would be the angle
+rVosj5D0X-E-00048-00010904-00011214 between these wavefronts
+rVosj5D0X-E-00049-00011215-00011295 and
+rVosj5D0X-E-00050-00011296-00011510 the rays of light if i were to draw them
+rVosj5D0X-E-00051-00011511-00011646 that's what we want to explore now
+rVosj5D0X-E-00052-00011647-00011878 before i do that can you pause the video
+rVosj5D0X-E-00053-00011879-00012103 and think about this from this image if
+rVosj5D0X-E-00054-00012104-00012231 it would draw rays of light what would
+rVosj5D0X-E-00055-00012232-00012470 the angle be
+rVosj5D0X-E-00056-00012471-00012631 all right let's see
+rVosj5D0X-E-00057-00012632-00012846 if you were to draw the rays those rays
+rVosj5D0X-E-00058-00012847-00013063 of light would be emanating outwards
+rVosj5D0X-E-00059-00013063-00013230 from here right
+rVosj5D0X-E-00060-00013231-00013375 let's draw them
+rVosj5D0X-E-00061-00013376-00013535 all right there that's how it would look
+rVosj5D0X-E-00062-00013536-00013630 like
+rVosj5D0X-E-00063-00013631-00013855 and notice that means these rays of
+rVosj5D0X-E-00064-00013856-00014119 light would represent radii to these
+rVosj5D0X-E-00065-00014119-00014263 spheres because these spheres have a
+rVosj5D0X-E-00066-00014263-00014415 center at the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00067-00014416-00014703 at the source and these rays of light
+rVosj5D0X-E-00068-00014704-00014879 are also starting from the source and
+rVosj5D0X-E-00069-00014880-00015086 therefore they are radius they form the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00070-00015087-00015255 radius to the sphere and what's the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00071-00015256-00015407 angle between the radius and the surface
+rVosj5D0X-E-00072-00015408-00015671 of a sphere that's always 90 degrees
+rVosj5D0X-E-00073-00015672-00015919 so the angle between
+rVosj5D0X-E-00074-00015919-00016158 wave fronts and the rays of light over
+rVosj5D0X-E-00075-00016159-00016471 here turns out to be 90 degrees
+rVosj5D0X-E-00076-00016472-00016711 the question is would it always be true
+rVosj5D0X-E-00077-00016712-00016911 well let's see let's consider another
+rVosj5D0X-E-00078-00016912-00017150 front let's consider plane wave fronts
+rVosj5D0X-E-00079-00017151-00017375 to get plane wavefronts we'll have to go
+rVosj5D0X-E-00080-00017376-00017567 far away so let's do that
+rVosj5D0X-E-00081-00017568-00017735 let's go far away
+rVosj5D0X-E-00082-00017736-00017903 from this source
+rVosj5D0X-E-00083-00017904-00018158 that's when we get plane wavefronts
+rVosj5D0X-E-00084-00018159-00018303 now notice we have plane wavefronts
+rVosj5D0X-E-00085-00018304-00018391 fronts
+rVosj5D0X-E-00086-00018392-00018543 look at the direction of the rays of
+rVosj5D0X-E-00087-00018544-00018791 light now the rays of light are parallel
+rVosj5D0X-E-00088-00018792-00018950 to each other if this was like very far
+rVosj5D0X-E-00089-00018951-00019111 away they would be perfectly parallel
+rVosj5D0X-E-00090-00019112-00019255 but more important look at the angle
+rVosj5D0X-E-00091-00019256-00019479 between these it's still
+rVosj5D0X-E-00092-00019480-00019686 90 degrees
+rVosj5D0X-E-00093-00019687-00020063 in fact it turns out that this is a
+rVosj5D0X-E-00094-00020064-00020350 general case let me close this
+rVosj5D0X-E-00095-00020351-00020527 it turns out that if you take any
+rVosj5D0X-E-00096-00020528-00020791 wavefront wavefront of any shape
+rVosj5D0X-E-00097-00020792-00021022 and the ray of light at any point on
+rVosj5D0X-E-00098-00021023-00021319 that wavefront they will always be
+rVosj5D0X-E-00099-00021320-00021543 90 degrees
+rVosj5D0X-E-00100-00021544-00021822 always
+rVosj5D0X-E-00101-00021823-00022086 90
+rVosj5D0X-E-00102-00022087-00022263 degrees now i could have said that and
+rVosj5D0X-E-00103-00022264-00022422 just close the video but what's really
+rVosj5D0X-E-00104-00022423-00022735 interesting is why should this be true
+rVosj5D0X-E-00105-00022736-00022967 it's really interesting okay so let me
+rVosj5D0X-E-00106-00022968-00023135 let me clarify with an example what i
+rVosj5D0X-E-00107-00023136-00023319 mean so let's say i were to draw some
+rVosj5D0X-E-00108-00023320-00023535 you know some random
+rVosj5D0X-E-00109-00023536-00023671 random
+rVosj5D0X-E-00110-00023672-00023807 wavefront
+rVosj5D0X-E-00111-00023808-00024127 okay let me let me make it okay
+rVosj5D0X-E-00112-00024128-00024335 random wavefront that looks like this
+rVosj5D0X-E-00113-00024336-00024486 okay
+rVosj5D0X-E-00114-00024487-00024655 so now if i were to ask you to draw the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00115-00024656-00024799 rays of light
+rVosj5D0X-E-00116-00024800-00024975 uh due to this wavefront on this
+rVosj5D0X-E-00117-00024976-00025175 wavefront the way we would draw this if
+rVosj5D0X-E-00118-00025176-00025319 this wavefront was traveling to the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00119-00025320-00025439 right i would say
+rVosj5D0X-E-00120-00025440-00025639 that over here the direction should be
+rVosj5D0X-E-00121-00025639-00025806 like this this is how it should be
+rVosj5D0X-E-00122-00025807-00026039 perpendicular over here it should be
+rVosj5D0X-E-00123-00026039-00026183 traveling this way
+rVosj5D0X-E-00124-00026183-00026374 the ray of light should be this way over
+rVosj5D0X-E-00125-00026375-00026567 here the ray of light should be this way
+rVosj5D0X-E-00126-00026568-00026735 always perpendicular you get the point
+rVosj5D0X-E-00127-00026736-00027039 right it has to be
+rVosj5D0X-E-00128-00027039-00027231 and my question to you is
+rVosj5D0X-E-00129-00027232-00027446 why should this be true in general i
+rVosj5D0X-E-00130-00027447-00027687 mean for the sphere and the plane we saw
+rVosj5D0X-E-00131-00027688-00027951 it made sense to us by but why is this
+rVosj5D0X-E-00132-00027952-00028207 in general again can you pause the video
+rVosj5D0X-E-00133-00028208-00028358 and think a little bit about why should
+rVosj5D0X-E-00134-00028360-00028551 this be true and i'll give you a clue
+rVosj5D0X-E-00135-00028552-00028702 think about what would have happened if
+rVosj5D0X-E-00136-00028704-00028967 the rays were not perpendicular
+rVosj5D0X-E-00137-00028968-00029174 something would break so okay something
+rVosj5D0X-E-00138-00029175-00029358 in physics would break and i want you to
+rVosj5D0X-E-00139-00029360-00029639 think a little bit about this
+rVosj5D0X-E-00140-00029639-00029879 all right hopefully you're trying so
+rVosj5D0X-E-00141-00029880-00030087 here's how i like to think about it i
+rVosj5D0X-E-00142-00030088-00030470 know that every single particle on this
+rVosj5D0X-E-00143-00030472-00030814 wavefront is oscillating in sync with
+rVosj5D0X-E-00144-00030816-00030935 each other
+rVosj5D0X-E-00145-00030936-00031143 right that's the definition of wavefront
+rVosj5D0X-E-00146-00031144-00031287 another way to say that which is going
+rVosj5D0X-E-00147-00031288-00031495 to be helpful to understand this is that
+rVosj5D0X-E-00148-00031495-00031727 every single particle must have finished
+rVosj5D0X-E-00149-00031727-00032031 exactly the same number of oscillations
+rVosj5D0X-E-00150-00032032-00032214 if this particle has finished three and
+rVosj5D0X-E-00151-00032216-00032470 a half oscillation all particles must
+rVosj5D0X-E-00152-00032472-00032631 have finished the same number of
+rVosj5D0X-E-00153-00032632-00032807 oscillations because they're always
+rVosj5D0X-E-00154-00032808-00032999 oscillating in sync
+rVosj5D0X-E-00155-00033000-00033127 so now let's think about what would have
+rVosj5D0X-E-00156-00033128-00033383 happened if the rays were not
+rVosj5D0X-E-00157-00033384-00033687 perpendicular so let's say that this ray
+rVosj5D0X-E-00158-00033688-00033999 over here this ray over here was not
+rVosj5D0X-E-00159-00034000-00034287 perpendicular maybe it was i don't know
+rVosj5D0X-E-00160-00034288-00034535 maybe it was somewhat like this
+rVosj5D0X-E-00161-00034536-00034662 what would happen
+rVosj5D0X-E-00162-00034663-00034846 in this case
+rVosj5D0X-E-00163-00034847-00035118 well let me zoom in then
+rVosj5D0X-E-00164-00035119-00035343 the way i like to do this is i would say
+rVosj5D0X-E-00165-00035344-00035615 that this ray can now be divided into
+rVosj5D0X-E-00166-00035616-00035767 two components
+rVosj5D0X-E-00167-00035768-00035974 okay so you know bear with me it will
+rVosj5D0X-E-00168-00035975-00036143 make sense why i'm doing this it'll be
+rVosj5D0X-E-00169-00036144-00036415 two components one component which is
+rVosj5D0X-E-00170-00036416-00036735 parallel to the wave front so let me use
+rVosj5D0X-E-00171-00036736-00036959 yellow to represent that
+rVosj5D0X-E-00172-00036960-00037151 there'll be one component of array
+rVosj5D0X-E-00173-00037152-00037311 parallel to the wavefront and there'll
+rVosj5D0X-E-00174-00037312-00037446 be another component which will be
+rVosj5D0X-E-00175-00037447-00037823 perpendicular to the wavefront
+rVosj5D0X-E-00176-00037824-00037943 okay
+rVosj5D0X-E-00177-00037944-00038135 now let's concentrate on the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00178-00038136-00038351 ray of light that is parallel to the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00179-00038352-00038590 wavefront we agree that the ray
+rVosj5D0X-E-00180-00038591-00038830 represents the direction in which the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00181-00038831-00039102 wave is traveling right the direction in
+rVosj5D0X-E-00182-00039103-00039359 which the light is traveling so since
+rVosj5D0X-E-00183-00039360-00039599 there is a parallel component we are
+rVosj5D0X-E-00184-00039600-00039887 saying that there is some light
+rVosj5D0X-E-00185-00039888-00040230 traveling along the wave front
+rVosj5D0X-E-00186-00040231-00040439 and that poses a problem
+rVosj5D0X-E-00187-00040440-00040535 why
+rVosj5D0X-E-00188-00040536-00040743 because if there are two particles if i
+rVosj5D0X-E-00189-00040744-00040983 consider two particles very close to
+rVosj5D0X-E-00190-00040984-00041223 each other consider these two particles
+rVosj5D0X-E-00191-00041224-00041407 very close to each other we are saying
+rVosj5D0X-E-00192-00041408-00041574 there is a wave traveling from here to
+rVosj5D0X-E-00193-00041575-00041671 here
+rVosj5D0X-E-00194-00041672-00041871 if there was a wave traveling from here
+rVosj5D0X-E-00195-00041872-00042118 to here then these particles could not
+rVosj5D0X-E-00196-00042119-00042335 be in sync this particle would have
+rVosj5D0X-E-00197-00042336-00042671 started oscillating first and then this
+rVosj5D0X-E-00198-00042672-00042887 particle would have started oscillating
+rVosj5D0X-E-00199-00042888-00043143 that's what happens along the direction
+rVosj5D0X-E-00200-00043144-00043343 of a wave i mean if you look at a string
+rVosj5D0X-E-00201-00043344-00043527 for example
+rVosj5D0X-E-00202-00043528-00043774 if this wave is traveling this way can
+rVosj5D0X-E-00203-00043775-00043999 these two particles ever be in sync with
+rVosj5D0X-E-00204-00044000-00044095 each other
+rVosj5D0X-E-00205-00044096-00044318 no because this would always have
+rVosj5D0X-E-00206-00044319-00044518 finished this this got hit by the wave
+rVosj5D0X-E-00207-00044519-00044655 first so it would have finished
+rVosj5D0X-E-00208-00044656-00044879 oscillations some oscillations more than
+rVosj5D0X-E-00209-00044880-00045118 this one and similarly
+rVosj5D0X-E-00210-00045119-00045343 because the wave is traveling parallel
+rVosj5D0X-E-00211-00045344-00045535 this particle would have finished more
+rVosj5D0X-E-00212-00045536-00045711 oscillations compared to this one there
+rVosj5D0X-E-00213-00045712-00045855 would be some particle over here which
+rVosj5D0X-E-00214-00045856-00046046 would have finished more oscillations
+rVosj5D0X-E-00215-00046047-00046311 compared to this one and that breaks our
+rVosj5D0X-E-00216-00046312-00046511 idea of wavefronts because we said in
+rVosj5D0X-E-00217-00046512-00046718 wavefronts all particles must have
+rVosj5D0X-E-00218-00046719-00046902 finished exactly the same number of
+rVosj5D0X-E-00219-00046903-00047190 oscillations and therefore there can
+rVosj5D0X-E-00220-00047191-00047479 never ever they can never ever be a
+rVosj5D0X-E-00221-00047480-00047671 component
+rVosj5D0X-E-00222-00047672-00047927 of the direction which is
+rVosj5D0X-E-00223-00047928-00048086 parallel to the wavefront and so the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00224-00048087-00048423 only component of the direction that can
+rVosj5D0X-E-00225-00048424-00048702 be allowed is perpendicular and that's
+rVosj5D0X-E-00226-00048703-00048886 the reason why
+rVosj5D0X-E-00227-00048887-00049111 that's the reason why the rays of light
+rVosj5D0X-E-00228-00049112-00049486 must always be perpendicular and this is
+rVosj5D0X-E-00229-00049487-00049767 super super useful because if if i if
+rVosj5D0X-E-00230-00049768-00049918 someone tells me that there are rays of
+rVosj5D0X-E-00231-00049919-00050151 light going this way
+rVosj5D0X-E-00232-00050152-00050343 and they ask me what would the wavefront
+rVosj5D0X-E-00233-00050344-00050527 look like i can tell now if it's in
+rVosj5D0X-E-00234-00050528-00050671 three dimensions and
+rVosj5D0X-E-00235-00050672-00050862 you have parallel rays of light i know
+rVosj5D0X-E-00236-00050863-00051007 the wavefronts need to be this way
+rVosj5D0X-E-00237-00051008-00051135 because i know this will always be
+rVosj5D0X-E-00238-00051136-00051287 perpendicular
+rVosj5D0X-E-00239-00051288-00051494 if someone tells me that the
+rVosj5D0X-E-00240-00051495-00051726 rays of light are like this
+rVosj5D0X-E-00241-00051727-00051902 and ask me what does the wavefront look
+rVosj5D0X-E-00242-00051903-00052158 like i can try drawing that wavefront i
+rVosj5D0X-E-00243-00052159-00052350 will try drawing the wavefront in such a
+rVosj5D0X-E-00244-00052351-00052647 way that will always be perpendicular to
+rVosj5D0X-E-00245-00052648-00052775 the direction
+rVosj5D0X-E-00246-00052776-00053227 of the wave the rays of light
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00000-00000396-00001534 [Music]
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00001-00001535-00002926 [Music]
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00002-00002927-00003222 the drum and bass uh gun oh no the trunk
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00003-00003223-00003343 is coming out
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00004-00003344-00004151 oh he actually closed
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00005-00004152-00004270 oh no
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00006-00004271-00004399 you're finding some openings there we go
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00007-00004400-00004543 assuming
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00008-00004544-00004634 he can't find one
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00009-00004635-00004806 [Music]
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00010-00004807-00004983 souffle just
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00011-00004984-00005199 it's just daylight robbery again he's
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00012-00005200-00005375 he's walked in it's down to brendo in
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00013-00005376-00005583 the 1v2 then sleep like down
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00014-00005584-00005831 one more to find and it is ed
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00015-00005832-00006095 and who i mean has been a favorite like
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00016-00006096-00006295 i said of the community since he joined
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00017-00006296-00006454 apex south
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00018-00006455-00006703 or the rotate does brendo no does rinda
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00019-00006704-00006863 have any idea
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00020-00006864-00007251 he does he knows
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00021-00007252-00009863 [Music]
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00022-00009864-00010989 he just needs
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00023-00010990-00012687 [Music]
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00024-00012688-00012811 h
+rVuZuSTdnz8-00025-00012812-00013221 [Applause]
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00000-00000051-00000337 biyo history-- as a relatively new
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00001-00000338-00000584 school of historiography although its
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00002-00000585-00000791 development can be found in the late
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00003-00000792-00001189 19th century bio history is defined
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00004-00001190-00001489 according to bio historian Steven Boyden
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00005-00001490-00001814 as a coherent system of knowledge or
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00006-00001814-00002110 field of study which reflects the broad
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00007-00002111-00002374 sequence of happenings in the history of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00008-00002375-00002690 the biosphere and of civilization from
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00009-00002691-00003057 the beginning of life to the present day
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00010-00003058-00003356 for the historians who study under this
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00011-00003357-00003620 school one of the main principles as the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00012-00003621-00003824 understanding the relationship of the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00013-00003825-00004049 biosphere the total collection of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00014-00004050-00004325 Earth's ecosystems combined and various
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00015-00004326-00004550 human elements including cultural
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00016-00004551-00004831 adaptations and the impact of biological
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00017-00004832-00005183 forces on society one of the things that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00018-00005184-00005429 make bio history unique is that the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00019-00005430-00005747 starting point as the history of life on
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00020-00005748-00006047 Earth and the basic principles and facts
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00021-00006048-00006418 of evolution genetic inheritance ecology
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00022-00006419-00006859 and physiology next it turns to consider
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00023-00006861-00007217 the evolutionary background biology and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00024-00007218-00007448 innate sensitivities of the human
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00025-00007448-00007748 species and the emergence in evolution
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00026-00007748-00008134 of the human aptitude for culture bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00027-00008136-00008375 history emerged from several different
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00028-00008376-00008624 schools and disciplines including the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00029-00008625-00008870 annales school environmental history
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00030-00008871-00009242 human geography and sociobiology as well
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00031-00009243-00009590 as Darwinian theory however there are
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00032-00009591-00009806 bio historians who work towards
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00033-00009807-00010067 eliminating affiliation with Darwinian
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00034-00010068-00010355 theory especially social Darwinism in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00035-00010356-00010628 order to reduce critiques of biological
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00036-00010629-00011006 determinism a similar concept to bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00037-00011007-00011288 history evolutionary biology is
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00038-00011289-00011486 different because it only takes into
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00039-00011487-00011735 account the scientific aspects of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00040-00011736-00011945 phenomena and not the historical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00041-00011946-00012343 implications as of 2010 the American
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00042-00012344-00012692 Historical Association aah eh has not
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00043-00012693-00012952 accepted bio history as a legitimate
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00044-00012953-00013213 historiographical school of study though
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00045-00013215-00013521 there are academic scholars who
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00046-00013522-00013866 however for over 100 years there have
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00047-00013868-00014091 been statements given that suggest an
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00048-00014093-00014311 eventual acceptance of the main tenets
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00049-00014312-00014569 of bio history-- as a basis for future
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00050-00014569-00014916 historical research and scholarship the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00051-00014918-00015216 term bio history-- has contested origins
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00052-00015218-00015441 because many scholars who write on the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00053-00015443-00016144 topic claimed to have coined it
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00054-00016144-00016893 topic bio has story as a field of study
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00055-00016894-00017148 there are scholars within the field of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00056-00017149-00017358 history that say the current study of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00057-00017359-00017601 history does not fully take into account
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00058-00017602-00017871 the scope of human history but omits the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00059-00017872-00018105 events and effects of the longest period
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00060-00018106-00018462 of human existence the longest period
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00061-00018463-00018714 referring to the large quantity of time
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00062-00018715-00019023 that humans Homo sapiens spent adapting
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00063-00019024-00019250 and evolving to their environment
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00064-00019251-00019733 Robert s Mikkel vane January 24 1947
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00065-00019734-00019983 argues that the study of history should
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00066-00019984-00020253 take into account the evolution of the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00067-00020254-00020472 particular sort of animals we are
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00068-00020473-00020709 history combined with evolutionary
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00069-00020710-00020985 biology could provide historians with a
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00070-00020986-00021231 means of assessing how changes over long
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00071-00021232-00021498 periods of prehistory affect the times
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00072-00021499-00021966 we study in 1991 Carl and degler
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00073-00021967-00022374 February 6 1921 noted that as of that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00074-00022375-00022677 time social scientists in various fields
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00075-00022678-00023013 including sociologists psychologists
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00076-00023014-00023325 anthropologists and political scientists
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00077-00023326-00023519 had begun to accept the notion that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00078-00023520-00023799 biology as it describes innate human
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00079-00023800-00024051 proclivities plays an important role in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00080-00024052-00024282 study but he could not point to any
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00081-00024283-00024555 historian that necessarily accepted this
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00082-00024556-00024852 notion many of the scholars that have
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00083-00024853-00025161 influenced bio history are scientists by
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00084-00025162-00025485 Nature aside from the above list of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00085-00025486-00025763 professionals geographers socio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00086-00025764-00026136 biologists microbiologists pathologists
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00087-00026137-00026472 and others have contributed human
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00088-00026473-00026724 proclivities or the natural tendencies
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00089-00026725-00026913 to behave in a certain manner is
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00090-00026914-00027132 commonly referred to as human nature
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00091-00027133-00027456 which historians can study include the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00092-00027457-00027714 ability to adapt into small bands of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00093-00027714-00028008 hunter-gatherers one of the many
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00094-00028008-00028302 benefits of studying bio history as the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00095-00028302-00028545 increased ability for historians and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00096-00028545-00028773 scientists to conduct collaborative
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00097-00028774-00028992 research projects which offer the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00098-00028993-00029220 potential for unusual analytical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00099-00029220-00029472 perspectives as well as new evolutionary
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00100-00029473-00029765 sources as stated by Nancy be under an
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00101-00029766-00029989 American history scholar
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00102-00029991-00030222 some scholars promote the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00103-00030223-00030516 idea that using biology as a method to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00104-00030517-00030741 history should not only study what
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00105-00030742-00031017 features values and predispositions of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00106-00031018-00031248 the human condition were favorable in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00107-00031249-00031483 the environment but also how those
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00108-00031485-00031704 predispositions interacted with the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00109-00031705-00031902 various cultural and historical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00110-00031902-00032136 environments in which humans have lived
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00111-00032137-00032511 in the study of bio history McElveen
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00112-00032512-00032784 states that biology as a useful tool for
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00113-00032785-00033057 history and that both can be utilized to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00114-00033058-00033412 gain a broader perspective of history
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00115-00033413-00033798 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00116-00033799-00034453 topic antecedents and regression
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00117-00034454-00034744 vo his story has its roots in the late
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00118-00034745-00034993 19th century with the evolutionary
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00119-00034994-00035257 biology theories of Charles Darwin
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00120-00035258-00035839 February 12 1809 - April 19 1882 up
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00121-00035840-00036115 until this time the primary focus of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00122-00036116-00036334 history was to study the lives and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00123-00036335-00036550 events of important people including
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00124-00036551-00036910 kings and Generals the topics of bio has
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00125-00036911-00036973 story
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00126-00036974-00037246 soon began gaining popularity as a study
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00127-00037247-00037666 of history in 1901 the president of the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00128-00037667-00038086 aah a Charles Francis Adams jr. may 27
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00129-00038087-00038533 18 35 to May 20th 1915 stated that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00130-00038534-00038782 Darwinian theory was the dividing line
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00131-00038783-00039052 between us contemporary historians and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00132-00039053-00039385 the historians of the old school the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00133-00039386-00039607 early movements toward bio history
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00134-00039608-00039865 however were not followed and lost
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00135-00039866-00040297 momentum due to Franz Boas July 9th 1859
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00136-00040298-00040690 to December 21st 1942 with his research
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00137-00040691-00040966 into the differences between biological
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00138-00040967-00041281 and cultural evolution another group
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00139-00041282-00041473 that led to the decline of bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00140-00041474-00041707 historical study was the Frankfurt
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00141-00041708-00041935 School a group of neo-marxist
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00142-00041936-00042145 intellectuals that challenged some
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00143-00042146-00042543 widely held societal ideologies
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00144-00042544-00042930 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00145-00042931-00043472 topic resurgence
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00146-00043473-00043763 the annales school which was formed in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00147-00043764-00044000 the years between the world wars came
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00148-00044001-00044216 into opposition to these critiques of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00149-00044217-00044573 bio historical research the idea behind
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00150-00044574-00044825 the annales school was to write a total
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00151-00044826-00045050 history which utilized various
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00152-00045051-00045340 scientific studies such as geography
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00153-00045341-00045743 Fernand Braudel August 24th 1902 to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00154-00045744-00046187 November 27 1985 a student of founder
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00155-00046188-00046589 Lucian Febvre July 22nd 1878 to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00156-00046590-00046859 September 11th 1956
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00157-00046860-00047060 believed that in the study of history
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00158-00047061-00047342 one must remember to consider humans as
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00159-00047343-00047582 living organisms and to not lose sight
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00160-00047583-00047987 of the biological reality of man during
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00161-00047988-00048338 the 1970s and 1980s environmental
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00162-00048339-00048613 history gained notoriety as a discipline
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00163-00048614-00048932 it did not take long for environmental
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00164-00048933-00049169 history to shift towards using biology
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00165-00049170-00049622 to explain history Alfred W Crosby a
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00166-00049623-00049895 prominent environmental historian once
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00167-00049896-00050150 claimed that t he ideology of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00168-00050151-00050401 environmental history as at its roots
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00169-00050402-00050771 biological he is also noted as combining
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00170-00050772-00051002 both principles in several of his books
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00171-00051003-00051404 including the Columbian Exchange 1972 an
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00172-00051404-00051896 ecological imperialism 1986 the study of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00173-00051897-00052133 bio has story although similar to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00174-00052134-00052373 environmental history is different in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00175-00052374-00052553 the aspect that it takes into account
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00176-00052554-00052787 the environment as well as other
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00177-00052788-00053027 biological phenomena in the study of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00178-00053028-00053570 history in 2001 at the 115th annual
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00179-00053571-00053879 conference of the AAA J Edward o Wilson
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00180-00053879-00054194 June 10th 1929 the founder of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00181-00054195-00054578 sociobiology gave a speech at the 115th
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00182-00054579-00054824 annual conference of the eh-eh-eh in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00183-00054825-00055253 2001 he stated that H I story is no
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00184-00055254-00055466 longer just the study of war and peace
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00185-00055466-00055867 of politicians and economics if the next
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00186-00055869-00056108 generation of historians hopes to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00187-00056109-00056305 understand the driving forces of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00188-00056307-00056504 humanity they need to know the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00189-00056504-00056834 principles of ecology population genetic
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00190-00056835-00057166 and even molecular biology although not
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00191-00057167-00057362 fully recognized as a separate
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00192-00057363-00057728 discipline the 115th aah a conference
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00193-00057729-00057955 sponsored a distinct session on bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00194-00057957-00058241 history which shows that historians are
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00195-00058241-00058490 thinking of the implications of biology
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00196-00058491-00058751 on history though many historians remain
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00197-00058752-00058985 skeptical because they do not wish bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00198-00058986-00059222 his story to be labeled biological
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00199-00059223-00059450 determinism
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00200-00059451-00059840 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00201-00059841-00060215 topic early scholars
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00202-00060216-00060421 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00203-00060422-00060666 one of the first contributors to what
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00204-00060667-00060877 can be deemed bio his story was
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00205-00060878-00061266 Ellsworth Huntington September 16 1876
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00206-00061267-00061791 to October 17 1947 although a geographer
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00207-00061792-00062029 by study Huntington discovered an
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00208-00062029-00062236 interesting correlation between the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00209-00062237-00062503 nature of climate human geography and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00210-00062504-00062824 culture in his book climate and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00211-00062825-00063202 civilization published in 1915 he found
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00212-00063203-00063352 that there is a positive correlation
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00213-00063353-00063642 between the amounts of energy exerted
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00214-00063644-00063838 based on climate regions and the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00215-00063839-00064107 perceived areas of civilization
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00216-00064108-00064437 Ellsworth defines civilization as those
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00217-00064438-00064648 characteristics which are generally
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00218-00064649-00065110 recognized as the highest value in 1916
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00219-00065111-00065379 a year after Huntington's work went into
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00220-00065380-00065751 circulation Madison grant November 19
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00221-00065752-00066187 1865 to May 30th 1937 a eugenicist
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00222-00066188-00066442 published his work the passing of the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00223-00066443-00066685 great race or the racial basis of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00224-00066686-00066919 European history which advanced his
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00225-00066920-00067180 opinion of Nordic superiority over the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00226-00067181-00067561 Alpine and Mediterranean peoples these
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00227-00067562-00067852 two thinkers utilized bio his story in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00228-00067853-00068152 their research however Huntington's work
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00229-00068153-00068371 was largely dismissed although never
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00230-00068372-00068653 disproven and grant theories were highly
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00231-00068654-00068920 contested and repudiated by the United
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00232-00068921-00069712 States in Europe by 1945
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00233-00069713-00070372 topic bio historical studies
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00234-00070373-00070678 bio historian compasses a wide array of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00235-00070679-00070932 study it can be used in many different
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00236-00070933-00071247 areas that are commonplace in historical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00237-00071248-00071537 study as well as new areas of research
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00238-00071538-00071868 below several social aspects and their
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00239-00071869-00072484 application are considered
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00240-00072485-00073183 topic bio has story and the environment
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00241-00073184-00073401 the interplay between the human
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00242-00073402-00073666 condition natural processes and the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00243-00073667-00073903 environment as important in the study of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00244-00073904-00074091 bio history--
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00245-00074092-00074398 Stephen Vickers Boyden and historian
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00246-00074399-00074623 well noted for his definition of bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00247-00074624-00074869 history has written extensively about
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00248-00074870-00075199 this concept he has studied various
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00249-00075200-00075490 aspects of humanity including weaponry
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00250-00075491-00075745 farming and society in regard to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00251-00075746-00076012 biological factors in order to better
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00252-00076013-00076381 understand this relationship under the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00253-00076382-00076678 focus of bio history-- Boyden examines
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00254-00076679-00076918 the evolution of human progress and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00255-00076919-00077125 thought from its inception thousands of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00256-00077126-00077455 years ago he is also known for his use
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00257-00077456-00077680 of adaptation as a major factor for
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00258-00077681-00078025 human progress there are many types of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00259-00078026-00078276 adaptation including cultural and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00260-00078277-00078511 evolutionary adaptation which have
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00261-00078512-00078775 shaped and allowed humanity to thrive in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00262-00078776-00079026 many areas of the world and survive as a
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00263-00079027-00079574 species
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00264-00079575-00080242 topic the four phases he classifies
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00265-00080243-00080498 human existence into four distinct
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00266-00080499-00080755 ecological periods the hunter-gatherer
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00267-00080756-00081037 phase the early farming phase the early
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00268-00081038-00081388 urban phase and the high energy phase in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00269-00081389-00081560 each phase there is a unique
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00270-00081561-00081799 relationship between humanity and the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00271-00081800-00082039 environment
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00272-00082040-00082339 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00273-00082340-00082850 topic the hunter-gather phase
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00274-00082851-00083185 the longest period of the four presented
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00275-00083186-00083469 Boyden claims this phase represents the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00276-00083470-00083710 only lifestyle and economy known to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00277-00083711-00084085 humankind this period is viewed as human
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00278-00084086-00084355 populations actively moving to stay in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00279-00084356-00084674 close proximity to food
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00280-00084675-00084975 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00281-00084976-00085499 topic the early farming phase
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00282-00085500-00085816 this period began with the advent of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00283-00085817-00086059 Agriculture and includes all farming
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00284-00086060-00086268 practices even into the high-energy
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00285-00086269-00086635 phase this is symbolic of the first time
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00286-00086636-00086899 that human populations began to remain
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00287-00086900-00087126 sedentary
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00288-00087127-00087427 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00289-00087428-00087948 topic the early urban phase
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00290-00087949-00088231 with the foundation of cities which
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00291-00088232-00088541 occurred over 200 generations ago this
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00292-00088542-00088881 phase in the last phase began to coexist
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00293-00088882-00089167 humans living in this phase relied on
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00294-00089168-00089473 farming communities many societal
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00295-00089474-00089704 changes and developments were evident
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00296-00089705-00089966 during this period empires and kingdoms
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00297-00089967-00090209 and the constant change of human
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00298-00090210-00090496 populations based on these distinctions
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00299-00090497-00090811 this phase ended roughly around the time
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00300-00090812-00091057 of the Industrial Revolution at least
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00301-00091058-00091259 for the west and was centred on the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00302-00091260-00091504 connectivity of human populations with
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00303-00091505-00092028 one another
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00304-00092029-00092588 topic the high-energy phase
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00305-00092589-00092900 this period of time as considerably the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00306-00092901-00093173 shortest of the for this phase roughly
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00307-00093174-00093380 began at the time of the Industrial
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00308-00093381-00093716 Revolution in England it is defined by
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00309-00093717-00093976 the expanded use of resources and energy
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00310-00093977-00094373 which power machines Boyden states that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00311-00094374-00094616 this current phase is unsustainable and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00312-00094617-00094835 will not last long if the current trend
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00313-00094836-00095225 continues Boyden defines this process as
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00314-00095226-00095500 Eko deviation Boyden states that if the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00315-00095501-00095759 human race were to survive in the future
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00316-00095760-00095966 then there is the necessity to enter
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00317-00095967-00096296 into a fifth phase this new phase would
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00318-00096297-00096488 have to be more sustainable than the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00319-00096489-00096803 current one Ellsworth Huntington's
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00320-00096804-00097034 research also speaks to the nature of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00321-00097035-00097400 humanity and the environment his work on
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00322-00097401-00097628 the nature of the climate of an area and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00323-00097629-00097847 the rate of perceived civilization
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00324-00097848-00098072 provides a framework for the seemingly
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00325-00098073-00098354 complex interaction among humans and the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00326-00098355-00098587 environment
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00327-00098588-00098935 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00328-00098936-00099569 topic bio historian race
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00329-00099570-00099791 there are many different methods that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00330-00099792-00100025 can be applied to the study of race and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00331-00100026-00100283 race relations under the bio historical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00332-00100284-00100598 method there are scholars like Robert
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00333-00100599-00100853 Mikkel vane who say that vo history
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00334-00100854-00101096 seeks to illuminate aspects of history
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00335-00101097-00101339 through a better understanding of human
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00336-00101340-00101555 nature the fundamental traits and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00337-00101556-00101792 predispositions that all humans share
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00338-00101793-00102041 and that make us alike which eliminates
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00339-00102042-00102353 the necessity of the study of race other
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00340-00102354-00102641 scholars however see validity in the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00341-00102642-00102839 study of the differences that make
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00342-00102840-00103124 people unique in their study
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00343-00103125-00103400 Esso y que de and rick a Kittles found
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00344-00103401-00103646 that our facial thinking rests on the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00345-00103647-00103850 belief that visible human variation
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00346-00103851-00104081 connotes fundamental deep differences
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00347-00104082-00104372 within the species which can be packaged
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00348-00104373-00104689 into units of near uniform individuals
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00349-00104690-00104986 race bio historians use many different
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00350-00104988-00105334 methods in their study scholars use
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00351-00105335-00105599 dental morphology bone structure data
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00352-00105600-00105883 and DNA testing to identify certain
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00353-00105884-00106177 aspects of racial identity and growth
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00354-00106178-00106534 one common practice is to use scientific
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00355-00106535-00106852 data to explain certain aspects of race
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00356-00106853-00107327 one scholar Heather JH edgar used teeth
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00357-00107328-00107570 samples and other genetic identifiers x'
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00358-00107571-00107933 to test her hypotheses she used these
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00359-00107933-00108191 samples to check evolutionary change of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00360-00108192-00108433 both European Americans and African
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00361-00108434-00108692 Americans and societal perceptions of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00362-00108693-00108971 Americans of each group through her
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00363-00108972-00109186 study she found the idea of white
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00364-00109188-00109459 changed over a small length of time to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00365-00109460-00109703 include Eastern Europeans while the idea
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00366-00109704-00109970 of black has changed very little over
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00367-00109971-00110195 the 400 years that there has been
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00368-00110196-00110546 contact with Americans although never
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00369-00110547-00110828 actually accepted as valid the research
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00370-00110829-00111080 of Madison grant which advocated the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00371-00111081-00111368 idea of Nordic superiority is another
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00372-00111369-00111749 example of racial bio historic study his
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00373-00111750-00111941 book outlined his belief that the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00374-00111942-00112193 Mediterranean and Alpine races were
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00375-00112194-00112397 causing various problems in the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00376-00112398-00112598 political structure of Europe and the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00377-00112599-00112850 United States
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00378-00112851-00113179 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00379-00113180-00113899 topic bio historian african-americans
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00380-00113900-00114181 many race historians have studied bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00381-00114182-00114377 his story in relation to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00382-00114378-00114636 african-americans like Heather Edgar
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00383-00114638-00114958 Lesley M Rankin Hill in her dissertation
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00384-00114958-00115168 focused mainly on the conditions
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00385-00115169-00115432 especially the prevalence of disease of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00386-00115433-00115689 free african-americans including the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00387-00115690-00115890 population of blacks at the first
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00388-00115891-00116169 African Baptist Church in Philadelphia
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00389-00116170-00116529 through a research using bone teeth and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00390-00116530-00116782 other samples one of her findings was
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00391-00116783-00117033 that free Philadelphia afro-americans
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00392-00117034-00117216 were generally healthier than their
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00393-00117217-00117631 slave or emancipated counterparts in her
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00394-00117632-00117907 article Fatima Linda Collier Jackson
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00395-00117908-00118138 describes various factors and their
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00396-00118139-00118327 effects on the african-american
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00397-00118328-00118641 population she states that along with
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00398-00118642-00118894 the continent of Africa having had the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00399-00118895-00119223 longest history of human habitation
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00400-00119224-00119577 African American biological variation is
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00401-00119578-00119777 also a product of the great Atlantic
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00402-00119778-00120088 diaspora a movement that was initiated
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00403-00120089-00120336 with the social and economic disruptions
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00404-00120338-00120561 in Africa preceding the transatlantic
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00405-00120563-00120874 trade in enslaved Africans peoples and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00406-00120875-00121089 includes the forced march of prisoners
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00407-00121090-00121341 of war to the sea for transport the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00408-00121342-00121549 dynamics of the horrific Middle Passage
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00409-00121550-00121789 and the seasoning process and the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00410-00121790-00122194 biological and biochemical to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00411-00122195-00122776 enslavement in the Americas
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00412-00122777-00123472 topic bio historian gender studies
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00413-00123473-00123889 Thomas Jefferson April 13 17:43
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00414-00123890-00124267 to July 4 1826 third President of the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00415-00124268-00124579 United States once wrote t he stronger
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00416-00124580-00124876 sex imposes on the weaker it is
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00417-00124877-00125182 civilization alone which replaces women
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00418-00125183-00125479 in their natural equality this quote is
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00419-00125480-00125704 reflective of the relationship that has
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00420-00125705-00125947 existed between men and women throughout
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00421-00125948-00126177 most of human history
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00422-00126178-00126531 Robert s McIlvain author of Eve's seed
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00423-00126532-00126853 biology the sexes and human history
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00424-00126854-00127099 explains the relationship between men
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00425-00127100-00127371 and women through a biological framework
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00426-00127372-00127690 his research focuses on the idea that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00427-00127691-00127990 instead of women having penis envy men
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00428-00127991-00128332 have breasts and/or womb Envy this can
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00429-00128333-00128620 be attributed to the fact that p.c
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00430-00128621-00128838 birthing and nursing have always
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00431-00128839-00129115 constituted at no man's land with these
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00432-00129116-00129496 areas that men were not allowed they in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00433-00129497-00129940 response to this circumstance less than
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00434-00129941-00130195 pre greater than slash pre greater than
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00435-00130196-00130458 dot dot dot have throughout history and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00436-00130459-00130732 across cultures set up a variety of no
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00437-00130733-00131050 woman's land war politics clergy
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00438-00131051-00131452 business men's clubs and so forth from
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00439-00131453-00131692 which activities women are excluded
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00440-00131693-00131959 varies from one culture to another but
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00441-00131960-00132208 some form of exclusion can be found in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00442-00132209-00132410 all societies
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00443-00132411-00132640 McElveen argues that it is this
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00444-00132641-00132850 distinction that has driven men to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00445-00132851-00133118 subordinate women through various
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00446-00133119-00133436 studies he also hypothesizes that women
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00447-00133437-00133661 were responsible for the agriculture
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00448-00133662-00133895 which took control and power away from
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00449-00133896-00134183 the male's of which males soon took back
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00450-00134184-00134498 power Mikkel vane asserts that it
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00451-00134499-00134665 throughout history it is this
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00452-00134666-00134906 interaction and struggle among others
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00453-00134907-00135122 between the sexes that led to the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00454-00135123-00135451 subordination of women of Robert
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00455-00135452-00135707 McElveen and his research some say that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00456-00135708-00135928 he almost accurately presents the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00457-00135929-00136208 masculine feminine dichotomy in relation
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00458-00136209-00137029 to environmental and biological factors
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00459-00137030-00137719 topic another branch of bio has story
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00460-00137720-00138019 aside from the above stated study of bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00461-00138020-00138256 history-- there is another branch that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00462-00138257-00138552 is more accessible to the public this
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00463-00138553-00138801 branch of bio has story as concerned
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00464-00138802-00139072 with using science to not only validate
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00465-00139073-00139285 history but to form historical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00466-00139286-00139507 conclusions about certain events or
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00467-00139508-00139843 trends that cannot be noted otherwise it
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00468-00139844-00140068 uses various methods that are also
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00469-00140069-00140304 associated with the other branch of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00470-00140305-00140557 study such as DNA testing and other
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00471-00140558-00140761 methods to determine specific
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00472-00140762-00140976 characteristics of specific individuals
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00473-00140977-00141397 and/or artifacts both historians
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00474-00141398-00141706 scholars and amateur historians are able
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00475-00141707-00142014 to partake of this study this is because
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00476-00142015-00142278 individuals and organizations are more
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00477-00142279-00142613 able to petition for and conduct studies
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00478-00142614-00142926 individuals can often cause a stir such
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00479-00142927-00143134 as this support groups letter to the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00480-00143135-00143395 Chicago Historical Society I thought
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00481-00143396-00143640 that a Historical Society wanted to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00482-00143641-00143956 ferret out truth where is that line in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00483-00143957-00144225 the sand drawn what we ignorant heathens
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00484-00144226-00144453 are permitted to learn about historical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00485-00144454-00144701 figures and what is off-limits to us and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00486-00144702-00145050 who draws that line the Chicago
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00487-00145051-00145440 Historical Society Russell Lewis states
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00488-00145441-00145669 that as a bio historian he felt
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00489-00145670-00145906 compelled to undertake this research by
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00490-00145907-00146151 the promise of finding new clues new
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00491-00146152-00146425 evidence perhaps even new understandings
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00492-00146426-00146688 of the past in dirt and stains and grit
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00493-00146689-00146872 and grime that typically would be
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00494-00146873-00147125 removed from an artifact during cleaning
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00495-00147126-00147414 this can be considered a common approach
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00496-00147415-00147718 and desire for many bio historians under
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00497-00147719-00148280 this method
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00498-00148281-00148809 topic examples
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00499-00148810-00149220 on April 25th 2011 when Perry wrote an
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00500-00149221-00149508 article for MSNBC about the unknown
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00501-00149509-00149871 child aboard the Titanic for years there
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00502-00149872-00150039 have been speculations about the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00503-00150040-00150342 identity of this young boy through
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00504-00150343-00150573 misleading evidence researchers have
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00505-00150574-00150753 inaccurately identified the child
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00506-00150754-00151149 numerous times the use of genetics to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00507-00151150-00151418 solve this problem began a decade ago
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00508-00151419-00151688 Robert Parr an adjunct professor
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00509-00151689-00152022 familiar with extraction and DNA testing
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00510-00152023-00152382 pursued one claim through mitochondrial
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00511-00152383-00152682 DNA tests of the remains he tested the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00512-00152683-00152898 DNA with that of the siblings of the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00513-00152899-00153213 perceived child when results did not
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00514-00153214-00153525 match the search continued after another
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00515-00153526-00153777 false identification due to perceived
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00516-00153778-00154020 age researchers have agreed on the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00517-00154021-00154173 identity of the child
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00518-00154174-00154482 Sydney Goodwin even with looking at
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00519-00154483-00154722 other factors including teeth structures
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00520-00154723-00155021 researchers misidentified the child
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00521-00155022-00155352 Brian Parr commented luckily it was a
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00522-00155353-00155562 rare difference so that is what gives
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00523-00155563-00155898 you 98% certainty the identification is
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00524-00155899-00155958 correct
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00525-00155959-00156201 the possibility exists that the child
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00526-00156202-00156462 may still be inappropriately identified
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00527-00156463-00156711 but this case shows how this branch of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00528-00156712-00157086 bio history works this form of bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00529-00157087-00157353 history-- was also used with artifacts
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00530-00157354-00157512 of Abraham Lincoln
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00531-00157513-00158112 February 12th 1809 to April 15 1865 the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00532-00158113-00158376 Chicago Historical Society has the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00533-00158377-00158595 largest collection of artifacts and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00534-00158596-00158832 items related to the late President
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00535-00158833-00159120 there are many scholars and amateur
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00536-00159121-00159335 historians that have the desire to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00537-00159336-00159627 exemplified bio historical quests that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00538-00159628-00159891 typically involve the authentication of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00539-00159892-00160146 historical remains and artifacts the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00540-00160147-00160368 resolution of speculative medical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00541-00160369-00160614 history or paternity disputes or the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00542-00160615-00160880 commercial potential of genetic analysis
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00543-00160881-00161250 the CHS was constantly asked to conduct
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00544-00161251-00161541 DNA testing on several of Lincoln's
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00545-00161542-00161778 personal items in order to find out
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00546-00161779-00162060 various facts including proof whether or
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00547-00162061-00162183 not he suffered from
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00548-00162184-00162387 Marfan syndrome others have stated
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00549-00162388-00162669 interest in conducting aDNA tests on the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00550-00162670-00162921 bloody cloak of Mary Lincoln wife of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00551-00162922-00163272 Abraham these types of claims and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00552-00163273-00163473 research are an integral part of this
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00553-00163474-00164167 branch of bio history
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00554-00164168-00164740 topic ethical standards
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00555-00164741-00165032 some scholars have developed a set of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00556-00165033-00165293 ethical standards for bio historical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00557-00165294-00165587 study these ethical standards are
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00558-00165588-00165824 largely associated with the branch of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00559-00165825-00166052 study that uses science to validate
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00560-00166053-00166301 history since the other branch does not
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00561-00166302-00166577 necessarily require such standards since
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00562-00166578-00166802 the nature of study does not directly
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00563-00166803-00167189 have any debilitating consequences there
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00564-00167190-00167411 have been concerns with the scope of bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00565-00167412-00167654 historical research as the study has
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00566-00167655-00168035 grown in popularity Russel Lewis stated
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00567-00168036-00168281 that a review of professional codes for
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00568-00168282-00168613 23 scientific historical and cultural
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00569-00168614-00168823 organizations showed a lack of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00570-00168824-00169061 inconsistency and insufficient concern
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00571-00169062-00169286 for ethical values that should inform
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00572-00169287-00169649 bio historical investigation some
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00573-00169650-00169937 aspects of bio historical research that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00574-00169938-00170134 can be detrimental towards understanding
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00575-00170135-00170372 include the destruction of fragile
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00576-00170373-00170708 and/or antique artifacts unreliable and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00577-00170709-00170969 wrong data attributed as fact due to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00578-00170970-00171179 scientific reasoning and the defamation
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00579-00171180-00171443 and other consequences that can affect
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00580-00171444-00171707 living populations associated with what
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00581-00171708-00172004 is being studied this last point is
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00582-00172005-00172250 especially true of studies dealing with
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00583-00172251-00172586 people who are deceased because be IO
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00584-00172587-00172865 has story often involves an identifiable
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00585-00172866-00173141 object and genetic analysis of tissue
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00586-00173142-00173366 can reveal information about the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00587-00173367-00173566 paternity health status and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00588-00173567-00173819 predispositions of family members there
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00589-00173820-00174029 is the potential for bio historic
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00590-00174030-00174266 research to lead to inappropriate claims
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00591-00174267-00174611 as well as other areas of defamation in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00592-00174612-00174869 one study done by the Chicago Historical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00593-00174870-00175211 Society they concluded that DNA testing
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00594-00175212-00175481 one of the most widely accepted forms of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00595-00175482-00175736 bio historical research would damage the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00596-00175737-00175931 artifacts here referring to the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00597-00175932-00176174 societies Abraham Lincoln collection
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00598-00176175-00176473 Buhner states that G reader
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00599-00176474-00176738 consideration should be given to basic
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00600-00176739-00177049 techniques such as detailed visual or
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00601-00177050-00177446 microscopical examination which are less
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00602-00177447-00177716 destructive rather than rely on DNA and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00603-00177717-00177953 similar tests
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00604-00177954-00178351 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00605-00178352-00178804 topic procedures and guidelines
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00606-00178805-00178985 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00607-00178986-00179416 the norm of scientific validation and B
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00608-00179417-00179699 IO historical research proposals have
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00609-00179700-00179972 generated historical scientific and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00610-00179973-00180189 social concerns including the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00611-00180190-00180427 justification for the proposed research
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00612-00180428-00180670 appropriateness of the study design
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00613-00180671-00180950 destruction of fragile museum specimens
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00614-00180951-00181152 the relevance of informed consent
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00615-00181153-00181385 potential harm to live relatives
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00616-00181386-00181636 cultural respect for the dead
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00617-00181637-00181838 confidentiality of medical and genetic
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00618-00181839-00182113 information and the interpretation of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00619-00182114-00182348 study results which has led to a call
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00620-00182349-00182563 for some ethical standards to set a
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00621-00182564-00182854 framework for study through her
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00622-00182855-00183131 evaluation of bio historical ethical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00623-00183132-00183388 standards Nancy Buhner came up with a
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00624-00183389-00183581 series of questions that should be
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00625-00183582-00183826 answered by those doing the research
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00626-00183827-00184132 she broke them down into three areas
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00627-00184133-00184421 historical scientific and social
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00628-00184422-00184729 considerations some of the questions
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00629-00184730-00185016 that she states need to be asked include
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00630-00185017-00185377 is the provenance of proposed biological
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00631-00185378-00185747 samples reliable do the investigators
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00632-00185748-00185945 have previous experience and a
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00633-00185946-00186131 reasonable success rate with the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00634-00186132-00186424 proposed materials and methodologies
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00635-00186425-00186625 what are the potential negative
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00636-00186626-00186896 consequences of bio historical knowledge
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00637-00186897-00187148 for human subjects as well as their
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00638-00187149-00187375 relatives and communities for a full
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00639-00187376-00187627 list of her ethical considerations click
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00640-00187628-00188009 here 5-1 debate coming out of the rise
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00641-00188010-00188266 of bio historical research centers on
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00642-00188267-00188476 whether or not these studies should be
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00643-00188477-00188716 conducted based on cultural and societal
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00644-00188717-00189098 beliefs there are those that say cranial
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00645-00189099-00189289 dimensions and other scientific
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00646-00189290-00189512 measurements should trump notions of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00647-00189513-00189812 cultural affiliation then there are
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00648-00189813-00190031 those that ask if this kind of study
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00649-00190032-00190232 should be paramount because of certain
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00650-00190233-00190516 significance is that some societies hold
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00651-00190517-00190726 true that can be eliminated with
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00652-00190727-00191404 scientific discovery
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00653-00191405-00191996 topic interpretations
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00654-00191997-00192239 as with any intellectual school of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00655-00192240-00192518 thought there exist critiques criticisms
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00656-00192519-00192878 and praise for bio history below are a
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00657-00192879-00193118 few examples of both positive and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00658-00193119-00193345 negative critiques
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00659-00193346-00193697 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00660-00193698-00194202 topic positive
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00661-00194203-00194505 the study of bio history-- allows for
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00662-00194506-00194730 the possibility of collaboration between
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00663-00194731-00195030 historians and scientists in a way that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00664-00195031-00195306 has rarely been seen before this
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00665-00195307-00195513 collaboration allows for better
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00666-00195514-00195729 understanding between the disciplines
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00667-00195730-00195981 because t hey need the insights of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00668-00195982-00196221 historians to mediate between humans
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00669-00196222-00196458 evolutionary inheritance and modern
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00670-00196459-00196707 behavior as much as historians and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00671-00196708-00196950 social scientists need the insights of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00672-00196951-00197193 biologists to understand better the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00673-00197194-00197412 motivations behind the historical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00674-00197413-00197760 behavior we study the study of bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00675-00197761-00198018 history-- allows for historians to
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00676-00198019-00198228 consider an aspect of historical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00677-00198229-00198426 research that has not been considered
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00678-00198427-00198831 before bio history-- also opens up the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00679-00198832-00199065 scope of study to the beginning of human
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00680-00199066-00199323 existence into prehistory which goes
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00681-00199324-00199566 back many more years than historians
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00682-00199567-00200232 normally like to go back
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00683-00200233-00200738 topic negative
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00684-00200739-00201038 aside from the collaboration that can be
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00685-00201039-00201266 a product of this type of study there
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00686-00201267-00201478 are many scholars who find fault with
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00687-00201479-00201851 bio history one major critique of bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00688-00201852-00202112 has story as the continued repetition of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00689-00202113-00202441 ideas from scholar to scholar in a
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00690-00202442-00202715 review of Stephen Boyd ins book western
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00691-00202716-00202940 civilization in the biological
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00692-00202941-00203249 perspective patterns in bio history one
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00693-00203250-00203522 such scholar states that our eaters who
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00694-00203523-00203735 are familiar with other works in bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00695-00203736-00204065 history by Rene DuBose DB Gregg
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00696-00204066-00204476 CJ Glackin Donald Wurster and William
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00697-00204477-00204765 McNeil will find little that is new
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00698-00204766-00205103 another critique is that bio historian
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00699-00205104-00205417 compasses to vasta scope to start from
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00700-00205419-00205577 the beginning of the human condition
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00701-00205578-00205844 creates too wide a spread of time
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00702-00205844-00206115 leaving room for much speculation that
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00703-00206116-00206419 is because there is not much data and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00704-00206421-00206654 knowledge about the early time studied
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00705-00206655-00206944 leading bio historians to speculate and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00706-00206946-00207196 possibly make invalid assumptions
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00707-00207196-00207473 another critique is that many bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00708-00207473-00207773 historians rely on too much science in
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00709-00207773-00208036 their research in trying to make
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00710-00208037-00208267 assertions about certain historical
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00711-00208269-00208510 issues many are limited in their areas
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00712-00208511-00208792 of study to just focusing on scientific
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00713-00208794-00209156 aspects while leaving out others one
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00714-00209157-00209456 scholar in review of Lesley M Rankin
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00715-00209457-00209817 Hills book a bio history of 19th century
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00716-00209819-00209935 afro-americans
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00717-00209936-00210173 the burial remains of a Pennsylvania
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00718-00210173-00210425 Cemetery stated that while supporting
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00719-00210426-00210659 her hypothesis with examples and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00720-00210660-00210896 statistics that she promotes others have
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00721-00210896-00211139 not considered Rankin Hill charts out
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00722-00211140-00211406 and then gets bogged down in the model
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00723-00211407-00211607 she will use in her bio cultural
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00724-00211608-00211856 analysis that she fails to present any
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00725-00211857-00212269 new evidence referring to the CHS and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00726-00212271-00212471 the collection of Lincoln's items
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00727-00212471-00212675 Nancy bruger states that in their
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00728-00212676-00213023 general study historians are most
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00729-00213023-00213281 interested in analyses that illuminate
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00730-00213282-00213557 broad cultural economic political or
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00731-00213558-00213898 social trends the authenticity of an
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00732-00213900-00214092 individual artifact such
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00733-00214092-00214353 CHS is cloak would not significantly
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00734-00214354-00214587 contribute to the re-evaluation of
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00735-00214588-00214848 President Lincoln's assassination or the
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00736-00214848-00215294 social impact of this event topic
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00737-00215296-00215619 related works are no Carlin Napoleon's
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00738-00215619-00215829 glands and other ventures in bio
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00739-00215830-00216162 history-- Boston little brown and
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00740-00216163-00216256 company
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00741-00216257-00216723 1984 Boyden Steven Vickers Western
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00742-00216723-00216982 civilization in biological perspective
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00743-00216983-00217314 patterns in bio history Michigan
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00744-00217315-00217469 Clarendon press
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00745-00217469-00217675 1990
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00746-00217676-00218066 you
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00747-00218067-00218614 topic see also
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00748-00218615-00219091 human timeline life timeline
+rXxjCEnp6oA-00749-00219092-00219429 nature timeline
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00000-00000000-00000077 foreign
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00001-00000078-00002240 [Music]
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00002-00002241-00002665 [Laughter]
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00003-00002666-00003415 absolutely I'm together
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00004-00003415-00004759 [Laughter]
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00005-00004760-00006149 all the cars going up every day
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00006-00006150-00007384 man
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00007-00007386-00007645 foreign
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00008-00007645-00010355 [Laughter]
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00009-00010356-00011131 [Laughter]
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00010-00011132-00011488 even trying
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00011-00011489-00011658 every morning
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00012-00011659-00013680 [Laughter]
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00013-00013681-00014275 back to the Russians
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00014-00014276-00014507 this is
+rYmVO5kZsN0-00015-00014508-00014829 [Music]
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00000-00000003-00000367 so the immune system you might be like
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00001-00000368-00000797 dude the immune system just protects the
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00002-00000798-00001202 body from going out of homeostasis the
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00003-00001203-00001882 fact is the immune system actually often
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00004-00001882-00002195 results in the immune system response
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00005-00002196-00002592 often results in an effect on a
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00006-00002593-00002930 regulated variable of the extracellular
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00007-00002931-00003281 fluid so the immune system often pushes
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00008-00003282-00003754 your body out of homeostasis but it's
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00009-00003755-00004413 worth it it's like do I want to be tired
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00010-00004414-00004888 from running away from the bear or do I
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00011-00004889-00005159 want to be eaten by the bear do I want
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00012-00005160-00005636 to be dealing with my pH levels being
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00013-00005637-00006083 wonka doozie or because I'm dealing with
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00014-00006084-00006628 an invasion of some evil thing or do I
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00015-00006629-00006794 want to be invaded by that evil thing
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00016-00006795-00006866 and die
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00017-00006867-00007355 it really isn't much of a choice you go
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00018-00007356-00007592 out of homeostasis in order for the
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00019-00007593-00007739 immune system to function and there's
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00020-00007740-00008059 there's links here and so I'm gonna just
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00021-00008061-00008308 take a second to share some of these
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00022-00008309-00008648 some of these connections with you first
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00023-00008649-00009005 of all and most obviously the immune
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00024-00009006-00009626 system often changes um a set point
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00025-00009627-00010399 changes the set point of a regulated
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00026-00010400-00010688 variable
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00027-00010689-00011165 and so it will it can adjust and it does
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00028-00011166-00011327 it you know the first thing you should
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00029-00011328-00011597 think of is body temperature fever the
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00030-00011598-00011975 setpoint gets changed but in the middle
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00031-00011976-00012346 of an immune response glucose levels can
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00032-00012347-00012686 be adjusted so that you actually have a
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00033-00012687-00012884 different amount of glucose either more
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00034-00012885-00013103 or less in your system and so you're
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00035-00013104-00013541 changing the the actual homeostatic
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00036-00013541-00013757 level that you would expect from a
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00037-00013758-00013979 regulated variable now these are ways
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00038-00013980-00014159 that the immune system affects
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00039-00014160-00014582 homeostasis and these aren't good but
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00040-00014583-00014966 they're just reality and then your but
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00041-00014966-00015218 it's worth it so there are connections
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00042-00015219-00015838 here um the immune response can affect
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00043-00015840-00016655 the sensitivity of a target so a target
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00044-00016656-00017165 can become more or less susceptible or
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00045-00017166-00017555 more or less sensitive to a regulated
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00046-00017556-00017807 variable or to a message about how to
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00047-00017808-00018164 maintain a regulated variable and if you
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00048-00018165-00018431 are changing the sensitivity to the
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00049-00018432-00018656 target this can have outcomes this can
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00050-00018657-00018928 have consequences for your your system
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00051-00018929-00019232 and you can also change the sensitivity
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00052-00019233-00019502 of the integrators and there is a really
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00053-00019503-00019985 interesting article that is somewhere in
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00054-00019986-00020156 this pile of madness and I'll try to
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00055-00020157-00020419 remember to post it to canvas so that
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00056-00020420-00020630 you guys can check out this article if
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00057-00020631-00020909 you're interested in exploring this
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00058-00020910-00021094 concept a little bit more it's sort of
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00059-00021095-00021380 technical it compares homeostasis to
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00060-00021381-00021800 these engineering systems which talking
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00061-00021801-00022024 about plants and stocks and flows and
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00062-00022025-00022369 there's like a whole nother level of
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00063-00022370-00022597 vocabulary that goes into it that's not
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00064-00022598-00022856 familiar to me at all but it might be
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00065-00022857-00023174 familiar to you and yeah and it was an
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00066-00023175-00023336 interesting perspective on the immune
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00067-00023337-00023591 system so basically the immune system
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00068-00023592-00023894 can throat can affect a homeostatic
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00069-00023895-00024167 Erik's system and that's the link it's
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00070-00024168-00024257 worth it though
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00071-00024258-00024485 it's worth it to protect yourself
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00072-00024486-00024847 against the bad guys immune system you
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00073-00024848-00025121 did it oh my gosh I love the immune
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00074-00025122-00025316 system and I love kidneys and that's
+rZxQDwKb4_o-00075-00025317-00025576 what's coming next
+raWLxOd_sn0-00000-00000046-00000276 the ecliptic is the mean plane of the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00001-00000277-00000465 apparent path in the sky that the Sun
+raWLxOd_sn0-00002-00000466-00000663 follows over the course of one year it
+raWLxOd_sn0-00003-00000664-00000864 is the basis of the ecliptic coordinate
+raWLxOd_sn0-00004-00000865-00001100 system this plane of reference is
+raWLxOd_sn0-00005-00001101-00001266 coplanar with Earth's orbit around the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00006-00001267-00001461 Sun and hence the sun's apparent path
+raWLxOd_sn0-00007-00001462-00001697 around Earth the ecliptic is not
+raWLxOd_sn0-00008-00001698-00001865 normally noticeable from Earth's surface
+raWLxOd_sn0-00009-00001866-00002112 because the planets rotation carries the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00010-00002113-00002285 observer through the daily cycles of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00011-00002286-00002489 sunrise and sunset which obscure the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00012-00002490-00002651 sun's apparent motion against the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00013-00002652-00003117 background of stars during the year
+raWLxOd_sn0-00014-00003118-00003685 topic sons apparent motion
+raWLxOd_sn0-00015-00003686-00003907 the motions is described above or
+raWLxOd_sn0-00016-00003908-00004135 simplifications due to the movement of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00017-00004136-00004303 earth around the earth-moon center of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00018-00004304-00004489 mass the apparent path of the Sun
+raWLxOd_sn0-00019-00004490-00004699 wobbles slightly with a period of about
+raWLxOd_sn0-00020-00004700-00004969 one month due to further perturbations
+raWLxOd_sn0-00021-00004970-00005170 by the other planets of the solar system
+raWLxOd_sn0-00022-00005171-00005347 the Earth Moon barycentre wobbles
+raWLxOd_sn0-00023-00005348-00005527 slightly around a mean position in a
+raWLxOd_sn0-00024-00005528-00005833 complex fashion the ecliptic is actually
+raWLxOd_sn0-00025-00005834-00006001 the apparent path of the Sun throughout
+raWLxOd_sn0-00026-00006002-00006190 the course of a year because earth takes
+raWLxOd_sn0-00027-00006191-00006403 one year to orbit the Sun the apparent
+raWLxOd_sn0-00028-00006404-00006595 position of the Sun takes one year to
+raWLxOd_sn0-00029-00006595-00006765 make a complete circuit of the ecliptic
+raWLxOd_sn0-00030-00006766-00007146 with slightly more than 365 days in one
+raWLxOd_sn0-00031-00007147-00007342 year the Sun moves a little less than
+raWLxOd_sn0-00032-00007343-00007620 one degree eastward every day this small
+raWLxOd_sn0-00033-00007622-00007780 difference in the sun's positioned
+raWLxOd_sn0-00034-00007781-00008005 against the stars causes any particular
+raWLxOd_sn0-00035-00008006-00008196 spot on Earth's surface to catch up with
+raWLxOd_sn0-00036-00008197-00008398 and stand directly north or south of the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00037-00008399-00008599 Sun about four minutes later each day
+raWLxOd_sn0-00038-00008600-00008770 than it would if earth would not orbit a
+raWLxOd_sn0-00039-00008771-00009016 day on earth is therefore 24 hours long
+raWLxOd_sn0-00040-00009017-00009307 rather than the approximately 23 hour 56
+raWLxOd_sn0-00041-00009308-00009621 minute sidereal day again this is a
+raWLxOd_sn0-00042-00009622-00009790 simplification based on a hypothetical
+raWLxOd_sn0-00043-00009791-00010012 earth that orbits at uniform speed
+raWLxOd_sn0-00044-00010013-00010278 around the Sun the actual speed with
+raWLxOd_sn0-00045-00010279-00010450 which Earth orbits the Sun varies
+raWLxOd_sn0-00046-00010451-00010633 slightly during the year so the speed
+raWLxOd_sn0-00047-00010634-00010801 with which the Sun seems to move along
+raWLxOd_sn0-00048-00010802-00011116 the ecliptic also varies for example the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00049-00011117-00011269 Sun is north of the celestial equator
+raWLxOd_sn0-00050-00011270-00011569 for about 185 days of each year and
+raWLxOd_sn0-00051-00011570-00011878 south of it for about 180 days the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00052-00011879-00012096 variation of orbital speed accounts for
+raWLxOd_sn0-00053-00012097-00012596 part of the equation of time
+raWLxOd_sn0-00054-00012597-00012803 topic relationship to the celestial
+raWLxOd_sn0-00055-00012804-00013190 equator
+raWLxOd_sn0-00056-00013191-00013438 because Earth's rotational axis is not
+raWLxOd_sn0-00057-00013440-00013607 perpendicular to its orbital plane
+raWLxOd_sn0-00058-00013608-00013841 Earth's equatorial plane is not coplanar
+raWLxOd_sn0-00059-00013841-00014044 with the ecliptic plane but as inclined
+raWLxOd_sn0-00060-00014046-00014228 to it by an angle of about twenty three
+raWLxOd_sn0-00061-00014229-00014429 point four degrees which is known as the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00062-00014430-00014555 obliquity of the ecliptic
+raWLxOd_sn0-00063-00014556-00014825 if the equator is projected outward to
+raWLxOd_sn0-00064-00014826-00014984 the celestial sphere forming the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00065-00014985-00015166 celestial equator it crosses the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00066-00015168-00015335 ecliptic at two points known as the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00067-00015336-00015650 equinoxes the Sun in its apparent motion
+raWLxOd_sn0-00068-00015651-00015863 along the ecliptic crosses the celestial
+raWLxOd_sn0-00069-00015863-00016052 equator at these points one from south
+raWLxOd_sn0-00070-00016053-00016219 to north the other from north to south
+raWLxOd_sn0-00071-00016219-00016481 the crossing from south to north is
+raWLxOd_sn0-00072-00016482-00016691 known as the vernal equinox also known
+raWLxOd_sn0-00073-00016692-00016859 as the first point of Aries in the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00074-00016860-00017024 ascending node of the ecliptic on the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00075-00017025-00017276 celestial equator the crossing from
+raWLxOd_sn0-00076-00017277-00017426 north to south is the autumnal equinox
+raWLxOd_sn0-00077-00017427-00017798 or descending mode the orientation of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00078-00017799-00018008 Earth's axis and equator are not fixed
+raWLxOd_sn0-00079-00018009-00018218 in space but rotate about the poles of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00080-00018219-00018394 the ecliptic with a period of about
+raWLxOd_sn0-00081-00018395-00018623 26,000 years a process known as
+raWLxOd_sn0-00082-00018624-00018848 lunisolar precession as it is due mostly
+raWLxOd_sn0-00083-00018849-00019058 to the gravitational effect of the moon
+raWLxOd_sn0-00084-00019059-00019282 and sun on earth's equatorial bulge
+raWLxOd_sn0-00085-00019283-00019535 likewise the ecliptic itself is not
+raWLxOd_sn0-00086-00019536-00019808 fixed the gravitational perturbations of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00087-00019809-00019988 the other bodies of the solar system
+raWLxOd_sn0-00088-00019989-00020192 cause a much smaller motion of the plane
+raWLxOd_sn0-00089-00020193-00020342 of Earth's orbit and hence of the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00090-00020343-00020561 ecliptic known as planetary precession
+raWLxOd_sn0-00091-00020562-00020837 the combined action of these two motions
+raWLxOd_sn0-00092-00020838-00021053 is called general precession and changes
+raWLxOd_sn0-00093-00021054-00021257 the position of the equinoxes by about
+raWLxOd_sn0-00094-00021258-00021647 50 arc seconds about 0.014 degrees per
+raWLxOd_sn0-00095-00021648-00021979 year once again this is a simplification
+raWLxOd_sn0-00096-00021980-00022193 periodic motions of the moon and
+raWLxOd_sn0-00097-00022194-00022397 apparent periodic motions of the Sun
+raWLxOd_sn0-00098-00022398-00022597 actually of Earth in its orbit caused
+raWLxOd_sn0-00099-00022598-00022822 short term small amplitude periodic
+raWLxOd_sn0-00100-00022823-00023033 oscillations of Earth's axis and hence
+raWLxOd_sn0-00101-00023034-00023272 the celestial equator known as nutation
+raWLxOd_sn0-00102-00023273-00023555 this adds a periodic component to the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00103-00023556-00023777 position of the equinoxes the positions
+raWLxOd_sn0-00104-00023778-00023954 of the celestial equator and vernal
+raWLxOd_sn0-00105-00023955-00024172 equinox with fully updated precession
+raWLxOd_sn0-00106-00024173-00024365 and nutation are called the true equator
+raWLxOd_sn0-00107-00024366-00024536 and equinoxes the positions without
+raWLxOd_sn0-00108-00024537-00024713 nutation are the mean equator and
+raWLxOd_sn0-00109-00024714-00025080 equinoxes
+raWLxOd_sn0-00110-00025081-00025662 topic obliquity of the ecliptic
+raWLxOd_sn0-00111-00025663-00025896 obliquity of the ecliptic is the term
+raWLxOd_sn0-00112-00025897-00026080 used by astronomers for the inclination
+raWLxOd_sn0-00113-00026081-00026283 of earth's equator with respect to the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00114-00026284-00026496 ecliptic or of Earth's rotation access
+raWLxOd_sn0-00115-00026497-00026770 to a perpendicular to the ecliptic it is
+raWLxOd_sn0-00116-00026770-00026958 about twenty three point four degrees
+raWLxOd_sn0-00117-00026959-00027270 and is currently decreasing 0.01 three
+raWLxOd_sn0-00118-00027271-00027327 degrees
+raWLxOd_sn0-00119-00027328-00027514 forty-seven arc seconds four hundred
+raWLxOd_sn0-00120-00027514-00027745 years due to planetary perturbations the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00121-00027745-00027945 angular value of the obliquity is found
+raWLxOd_sn0-00122-00027946-00028135 by observation of the motions of Earth
+raWLxOd_sn0-00123-00028136-00028299 and other planets over many years
+raWLxOd_sn0-00124-00028300-00028605 astronomers produce new fundamental f
+raWLxOd_sn0-00125-00028606-00028761 emeriti x' as the accuracy of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00126-00028762-00028948 observation improves and is the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00127-00028949-00029155 understanding of the dynamics increases
+raWLxOd_sn0-00128-00029156-00029335 and from these f america's various
+raWLxOd_sn0-00129-00029336-00029536 astronomical values including the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00130-00029537-00029914 obliquity are derived until 1983 the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00131-00029914-00030124 obliquity for any date was calculated
+raWLxOd_sn0-00132-00030125-00030286 from work of Newcomb who analyzed
+raWLxOd_sn0-00133-00030287-00030474 positions of the planets until about
+raWLxOd_sn0-00134-00030475-00030979 1895 epsilon equals 23 degrees 2708
+raWLxOd_sn0-00135-00030980-00031242 point two six minus forty six point
+raWLxOd_sn0-00136-00031243-00031474 eight four five t minus zero point zero
+raWLxOd_sn0-00137-00031475-00031774 zero five ninety-two plus zero point
+raWLxOd_sn0-00138-00031775-00032133 zero zero one eight one t3 where epsilon
+raWLxOd_sn0-00139-00032134-00032370 is the obliquity and Tia's tropical
+raWLxOd_sn0-00140-00032371-00032649 centuries from B 1900 point zero two the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00141-00032650-00032911 date in question from 1984 the Jet
+raWLxOd_sn0-00142-00032912-00033114 Propulsion laboratory's de series of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00143-00033115-00033315 computer generated F emeriti z-- took
+raWLxOd_sn0-00144-00033316-00033505 over as the fundamental ephemeris of the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00145-00033506-00033811 astronomical almanac obliquity based on
+raWLxOd_sn0-00146-00033812-00034107 de 200 which analyzed observations from
+raWLxOd_sn0-00147-00034108-00034570 1911 to 1979 was calculated epsilon
+raWLxOd_sn0-00148-00034571-00034936 equals 23 degrees 26 minutes 21 seconds
+raWLxOd_sn0-00149-00034937-00035224 0.45 minus forty six point eight one
+raWLxOd_sn0-00150-00035225-00035520 five t minus zero point zero zero zero
+raWLxOd_sn0-00151-00035521-00035860 62 plus zero point zero zero one eight
+raWLxOd_sn0-00152-00035861-00036249 one T three we're here after T as Julian
+raWLxOd_sn0-00153-00036250-00036561 centuries from J 2000 point zero JPL's
+raWLxOd_sn0-00154-00036562-00036732 fundamental F emeritus have been
+raWLxOd_sn0-00155-00036733-00037005 continually updated the astronomical
+raWLxOd_sn0-00156-00037006-00037276 Almanac for 2010 specifies epsilon
+raWLxOd_sn0-00157-00037277-00037639 equals 23 degrees 26 minutes 21 seconds
+raWLxOd_sn0-00158-00037640-00037879 point four zero six minus forty six
+raWLxOd_sn0-00159-00037880-00038145 point eight three six seven six ninety
+raWLxOd_sn0-00160-00038146-00038424 minus zero point zero zero zero one
+raWLxOd_sn0-00161-00038425-00038730 eight three one t2 plus zero point zero
+raWLxOd_sn0-00162-00038731-00039034 zero two zero zero three four zero
+raWLxOd_sn0-00163-00039035-00039595 t3 minus 0.57 6 times 10 minus 64 minus
+raWLxOd_sn0-00164-00039596-00040033 4 point 3 4 times 10 minus 8 t5 these
+raWLxOd_sn0-00165-00040034-00040195 expressions for the obliquity are
+raWLxOd_sn0-00166-00040196-00040357 intended for high precision over a
+raWLxOd_sn0-00167-00040358-00040525 relatively short time span
+raWLxOd_sn0-00168-00040526-00040770 perhaps plus or minus several centuries
+raWLxOd_sn0-00169-00040771-00041077 J laskhar computed an expression to
+raWLxOd_sn0-00170-00041078-00041344 order t10 good to zero inches point zero
+raWLxOd_sn0-00171-00041345-00041539 four one thousand years over ten
+raWLxOd_sn0-00172-00041540-00041707 thousand years all of these expressions
+raWLxOd_sn0-00173-00041708-00041893 are for the mean obliquity that is
+raWLxOd_sn0-00174-00041894-00042052 without the notation of the equator
+raWLxOd_sn0-00175-00042053-00042301 included the true or instantaneous
+raWLxOd_sn0-00176-00042302-00042862 obliquity includes the nutation
+raWLxOd_sn0-00177-00042863-00043379 topic plane of the solar system
+raWLxOd_sn0-00178-00043380-00043601 most of the major bodies of the solar
+raWLxOd_sn0-00179-00043602-00043820 system orbit the Sun in nearly the same
+raWLxOd_sn0-00180-00043821-00044086 plane this is likely due to the way in
+raWLxOd_sn0-00181-00044087-00044264 which the solar system formed from a
+raWLxOd_sn0-00182-00044265-00044587 protoplanetary disc probably the closest
+raWLxOd_sn0-00183-00044588-00044783 current representation of the disc is
+raWLxOd_sn0-00184-00044784-00044954 known as the invariable plane of the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00185-00044955-00045233 solar system Earth's orbit and hence the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00186-00045234-00045430 ecliptic is inclined a little more than
+raWLxOd_sn0-00187-00045431-00045626 one degree to the invariable plane and
+raWLxOd_sn0-00188-00045627-00045811 the other major planets are also within
+raWLxOd_sn0-00189-00045812-00046087 about six degrees of it because of this
+raWLxOd_sn0-00190-00046088-00046315 most solar system bodies appear very
+raWLxOd_sn0-00191-00046316-00046583 close to the ecliptic in the sky the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00192-00046584-00046780 ecliptic is well defined by the motion
+raWLxOd_sn0-00193-00046781-00046999 of the Sun the invariable plane is
+raWLxOd_sn0-00194-00047000-00047195 defined by the angular momentum of the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00195-00047196-00047405 entire solar system essentially the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00196-00047406-00047602 summation of all of the orbital motions
+raWLxOd_sn0-00197-00047603-00047795 and rotations of all the bodies of the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00198-00047796-00048005 system a somewhat uncertain value that
+raWLxOd_sn0-00199-00048006-00048193 requires precise knowledge of every
+raWLxOd_sn0-00200-00048194-00048452 object in the system for these reasons
+raWLxOd_sn0-00201-00048453-00048623 the ecliptic is used as the reference
+raWLxOd_sn0-00202-00048624-00048793 plane of the solar system out of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00203-00048794-00049160 convenience
+raWLxOd_sn0-00204-00049161-00049750 topic celestial reference plane
+raWLxOd_sn0-00205-00049751-00049969 the ecliptic forms one of the two
+raWLxOd_sn0-00206-00049970-00050173 fundamental planes used as reference for
+raWLxOd_sn0-00207-00050174-00050380 positions on the celestial sphere the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00208-00050381-00050589 other being the celestial equator
+raWLxOd_sn0-00209-00050590-00050797 perpendicular to the ecliptic are the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00210-00050798-00051007 ecliptic poles the North ecliptic pole
+raWLxOd_sn0-00211-00051008-00051253 being the pole north of the equator of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00212-00051254-00051480 the two fundamental planes the ecliptic
+raWLxOd_sn0-00213-00051482-00051654 is closer to unmoving against the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00214-00051655-00051859 background stars its motion due to
+raWLxOd_sn0-00215-00051860-00052144 planetary precession being roughly 1/100
+raWLxOd_sn0-00216-00052145-00052360 that of the celestial equator spherical
+raWLxOd_sn0-00217-00052361-00052534 coordinates known as ecliptic longitude
+raWLxOd_sn0-00218-00052535-00052798 and latitude or celestial longitude and
+raWLxOd_sn0-00219-00052799-00053020 latitude are used to specify positions
+raWLxOd_sn0-00220-00053021-00053209 of bodies on the celestial sphere with
+raWLxOd_sn0-00221-00053210-00053482 respect to the ecliptic longitude is
+raWLxOd_sn0-00222-00053483-00053823 measured positively eastward 0° to 360°
+raWLxOd_sn0-00223-00053824-00054049 along the ecliptic from the vernal
+raWLxOd_sn0-00224-00054050-00054259 equinox the same direction in which the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00225-00054260-00054547 Sun appears to move latitude is measured
+raWLxOd_sn0-00226-00054548-00054748 perpendicular to the ecliptic to plus 90
+raWLxOd_sn0-00227-00054749-00055012 degrees northward or minus 90 degrees
+raWLxOd_sn0-00228-00055013-00055204 southward to the poles of the ecliptic
+raWLxOd_sn0-00229-00055204-00055416 the ecliptic itself being zero degrees
+raWLxOd_sn0-00230-00055417-00055680 latitude for a complete spherical
+raWLxOd_sn0-00231-00055682-00055894 position a distance parameter is also
+raWLxOd_sn0-00232-00055895-00056170 necessary different distance units are
+raWLxOd_sn0-00233-00056171-00056386 used for different objects within the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00234-00056387-00056632 solar system astronomical units are used
+raWLxOd_sn0-00235-00056633-00056829 and for objects near Earth Earth radii
+raWLxOd_sn0-00236-00056830-00057136 or kilometers are used a corresponding
+raWLxOd_sn0-00237-00057137-00057322 right-handed rectangular coordinate
+raWLxOd_sn0-00238-00057323-00057559 system is also used occasionally the x
+raWLxOd_sn0-00239-00057560-00057748 axis is directed toward the vernal
+raWLxOd_sn0-00240-00057749-00057994 equinox the y axis 90 degrees to the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00241-00057995-00058189 east and the z axis toward the North
+raWLxOd_sn0-00242-00058190-00058420 ecliptic pole the astronomical unit is
+raWLxOd_sn0-00243-00058421-00058708 the unit of measure symbols for ecliptic
+raWLxOd_sn0-00244-00058709-00058888 coordinates are somewhat standardized
+raWLxOd_sn0-00245-00058889-00059221 see the table ecliptic coordinates are
+raWLxOd_sn0-00246-00059222-00059434 convenient for specifying positions of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00247-00059435-00059635 solar system objects as most of the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00248-00059636-00059803 planets orbits have small inclinations
+raWLxOd_sn0-00249-00059804-00060004 to the ecliptic and therefore always
+raWLxOd_sn0-00250-00060004-00060220 appear relatively close to it on the sky
+raWLxOd_sn0-00251-00060221-00060472 because Earth's orbit and hence the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00252-00060473-00060661 ecliptic moves very little it is a
+raWLxOd_sn0-00253-00060662-00060862 relatively fixed reference with respect
+raWLxOd_sn0-00254-00060863-00061159 to the Stars because of the processional
+raWLxOd_sn0-00255-00061160-00061360 motion of the equinoxes the ecliptic
+raWLxOd_sn0-00256-00061361-00061552 coordinates of objects on the celestial
+raWLxOd_sn0-00257-00061553-00061770 sphere are continuously changing
+raWLxOd_sn0-00258-00061771-00062004 specifying a position in ecliptic
+raWLxOd_sn0-00259-00062005-00062203 coordinates requires specifying a
+raWLxOd_sn0-00260-00062204-00062437 particular Equinox that is the equinox
+raWLxOd_sn0-00261-00062438-00062641 of a particular date known as an epoch
+raWLxOd_sn0-00262-00062641-00062794 the coordinates are referred to the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00263-00062795-00063040 direction of the equinoxes at that date
+raWLxOd_sn0-00264-00063041-00063274 for instance the astronomical Almanac
+raWLxOd_sn0-00265-00063275-00063496 lists the heliocentric position of Mars
+raWLxOd_sn0-00266-00063497-00063750 at 0h terrestrial time the 4th of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00267-00063751-00064107 January 2010 as longitude 118 degrees o
+raWLxOd_sn0-00268-00064108-00064591 9 15.8 latitude plus 1 degree 43 minutes
+raWLxOd_sn0-00269-00064591-00064999 16 seconds 0.7 true heliocentric
+raWLxOd_sn0-00270-00065000-00065217 distance one point six three zero two
+raWLxOd_sn0-00271-00065218-00065499 four five four astronomical units mean
+raWLxOd_sn0-00272-00065500-00065749 Equinox an ecliptic of date this
+raWLxOd_sn0-00273-00065750-00065971 specifies the mean equinox of the fourth
+raWLxOd_sn0-00274-00065972-00066276 of January 2010 zero HTT as above
+raWLxOd_sn0-00275-00066277-00066786 without the addition of nutation
+raWLxOd_sn0-00276-00066787-00067244 topic eclipses
+raWLxOd_sn0-00277-00067245-00067436 because the orbit of the moon has
+raWLxOd_sn0-00278-00067437-00067667 inclined only about five point one four
+raWLxOd_sn0-00279-00067668-00067877 five degrees to the ecliptic and the Sun
+raWLxOd_sn0-00280-00067878-00068021 is always very near the ecliptic
+raWLxOd_sn0-00281-00068022-00068252 eclipses always occur on or near it
+raWLxOd_sn0-00282-00068253-00068495 because of the inclination of the moon's
+raWLxOd_sn0-00283-00068496-00068690 orbit eclipses do not occur at every
+raWLxOd_sn0-00284-00068691-00068894 conjunction and opposition of the Sun
+raWLxOd_sn0-00285-00068895-00069083 and Moon but only when the moon is near
+raWLxOd_sn0-00286-00069084-00069260 an ascending or descending mode at the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00287-00069261-00069422 same time it is a conjunction or
+raWLxOd_sn0-00288-00069423-00069680 opposition the ecliptic is so named
+raWLxOd_sn0-00289-00069681-00069875 because the ancients noted that eclipses
+raWLxOd_sn0-00290-00069876-00070343 only occurred when the moon crossed it
+raWLxOd_sn0-00291-00070344-00070953 topic equinoxes and solstices
+raWLxOd_sn0-00292-00070954-00071196 the exact instance of equinoxes and
+raWLxOd_sn0-00293-00071197-00071375 solstices are the times when the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00294-00071376-00071588 apparent ecliptic longitude including
+raWLxOd_sn0-00295-00071589-00071772 the effects of aberration and nutation
+raWLxOd_sn0-00296-00071773-00072007 of the Sun as zero degrees 90 degrees
+raWLxOd_sn0-00297-00072008-00072459 180 degrees and 270 degrees because of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00298-00072460-00072644 perturbations of Earth's orbit and
+raWLxOd_sn0-00299-00072645-00072834 anomalies of the calendar the dates of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00300-00072835-00073280 these are not fixed
+raWLxOd_sn0-00301-00073281-00073786 topic in the constellations
+raWLxOd_sn0-00302-00073787-00074014 the ecliptic currently passes through
+raWLxOd_sn0-00303-00074015-00074451 the following constellations
+raWLxOd_sn0-00304-00074452-00074981 topic astrology
+raWLxOd_sn0-00305-00074982-00075206 the ecliptic forms the center of the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00306-00075207-00075467 zodiac a celestial belt about 20 degrees
+raWLxOd_sn0-00307-00075468-00075659 wide and latitude through which the Sun
+raWLxOd_sn0-00308-00075660-00075955 Moon and planets always appear to move
+raWLxOd_sn0-00309-00075956-00076184 traditionally this region is divided
+raWLxOd_sn0-00310-00076185-00076361 into twelve signs of 30 degrees
+raWLxOd_sn0-00311-00076362-00076583 longitude each of which approximates the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00312-00076584-00076823 sun's motion in one month in ancient
+raWLxOd_sn0-00313-00076824-00077156 times the signs correspond addressed
+raWLxOd_sn0-00314-00077157-00077347 elations that straddle the ecliptic
+raWLxOd_sn0-00315-00077348-00077621 these signs are sometimes still used in
+raWLxOd_sn0-00316-00077622-00077924 modern terminology the first point of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00317-00077925-00078152 Aries was named when the March equinox
+raWLxOd_sn0-00318-00078153-00078389 Sun was actually in the constellation
+raWLxOd_sn0-00319-00078390-00078623 Aries it has since moved into Pisces due
+raWLxOd_sn0-00320-00078624-00079083 to precession of the equinoxes
+raWLxOd_sn0-00321-00079084-00079611 topic see also
+raWLxOd_sn0-00322-00079612-00079813 formation and evolution of the solar
+raWLxOd_sn0-00323-00079814-00080279 system in variable plane protoplanetary
+raWLxOd_sn0-00324-00080280-00080869 disk celestial coordinate system
+raWLxOd_sn0-00325-00080870-00081478 topic notes and references
+raWLxOd_sn0-00326-00081479-00082018 topic external links
+raWLxOd_sn0-00327-00082019-00082282 the ecliptic the sun's annual path on
+raWLxOd_sn0-00328-00082283-00082459 the celestial sphere Durham University
+raWLxOd_sn0-00329-00082460-00082756 Department of Physics seasons and
+raWLxOd_sn0-00330-00082757-00082954 ecliptic simulator University of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00331-00082955-00083245 nebraska-lincoln measuring the sky a
+raWLxOd_sn0-00332-00083246-00083452 quick guide to the celestial sphere
+raWLxOd_sn0-00333-00083453-00083721 James B Kaler University of Illinois
+raWLxOd_sn0-00334-00083722-00084154 birth seasons US Naval Observatory the
+raWLxOd_sn0-00335-00084155-00084367 basics the ecliptic the equator and
+raWLxOd_sn0-00336-00084368-00084657 coordinate systems astrology club org
+raWLxOd_sn0-00337-00084658-00085162 kinoshita h Aoki s 1983 the definition
+raWLxOd_sn0-00338-00085163-00085602 of the ecliptic celestial mechanics 31 4
+raWLxOd_sn0-00339-00085603-00086404 329 2 338 bib code 1983 CEM EC 0.31 329
+raWLxOd_sn0-00340-00086405-00086965 K joy 10.1 0 0 7 b fo one two three OH -
+raWLxOd_sn0-00341-00086966-00087235 9 o comparison of the definitions of
+raWLxOd_sn0-00342-00087236-00087619 lavera a Newcomb and Standish
+rb5mQwTszc8-00001-00008353-00008401 [Applause]
+rb5mQwTszc8-00002-00008402-00009974 [Music]
+rb5mQwTszc8-00003-00009975-00010295 foreign
+rb5mQwTszc8-00004-00010296-00012163 [Music]
+rb5mQwTszc8-00005-00012164-00014822 [Music]
+rb5mQwTszc8-00006-00014823-00015053 my
+rb5mQwTszc8-00008-00020336-00020920 so
+rb5mQwTszc8-00009-00020921-00020931 [Music]
+rb5mQwTszc8-00010-00020932-00021238 [Applause]
+rb5mQwTszc8-00012-00024814-00025214 [Applause]
+rb5mQwTszc8-00013-00025215-00025423 you
+rcEZP49vsdc-00000-00000006-00000218 thank you for coming my name is Duncan
+rcEZP49vsdc-00001-00000219-00000463 woods I am the director of global issues
+rcEZP49vsdc-00002-00000465-00000626 and impact at publish what you pay and
+rcEZP49vsdc-00003-00000627-00000869 that's really echoing so I'm going to
+rcEZP49vsdc-00004-00000869-00001258 move slowly so the focus of the session
+rcEZP49vsdc-00005-00001259-00001748 today is both publish what you pay and
+rcEZP49vsdc-00006-00001748-00001930 over contracting we'd be sharing some of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00007-00001932-00002438 our experience in using data and then we
+rcEZP49vsdc-00008-00002439-00002666 want to open it up to a conversation to
+rcEZP49vsdc-00009-00002667-00002822 share experience of different dimensions
+rcEZP49vsdc-00010-00002823-00003182 of building data literacy and make
+rcEZP49vsdc-00011-00003183-00003472 making greater usage of data that is now
+rcEZP49vsdc-00012-00003473-00003736 available is that clear to everyone
+rcEZP49vsdc-00013-00003738-00004460 yep brilliant thank you very much so two
+rcEZP49vsdc-00014-00004461-00004694 parts of the session for the first part
+rcEZP49vsdc-00015-00004695-00004942 it's about 30 to 40 minutes of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00016-00004943-00005177 presentation
+rcEZP49vsdc-00017-00005178-00005492 so unfortunately miles lifted off who is
+rcEZP49vsdc-00018-00005493-00005681 the UK coordinator for publisher what
+rcEZP49vsdc-00019-00005682-00005879 you pay hasn't been able to travel he
+rcEZP49vsdc-00020-00005880-00006034 had to cancel at the last minute so I
+rcEZP49vsdc-00021-00006035-00006460 will be endeavoring to cover his his
+rcEZP49vsdc-00022-00006461-00007028 work with some degree of quality and
+rcEZP49vsdc-00023-00007029-00007223 then we have Joyce if you'd like to
+rcEZP49vsdc-00024-00007223-00007931 stand up say hello yes Joyce works for
+rcEZP49vsdc-00025-00007931-00008183 gsella in Zimbabwe and she works with
+rcEZP49vsdc-00026-00008184-00008384 the publish wouldn't pay for the I
+rcEZP49vsdc-00027-00008385-00008549 coalition there she's going to be
+rcEZP49vsdc-00028-00008550-00008837 talking about spare their work there we
+rcEZP49vsdc-00029-00008838-00009041 have Katherine of open from the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00030-00009042-00009251 contracting partnership and she's gonna
+rcEZP49vsdc-00031-00009252-00009452 be talking about her work and then we'll
+rcEZP49vsdc-00032-00009453-00009667 be moving to a 40-minute actually it's
+rcEZP49vsdc-00033-00009668-00009862 probably gonna be near 30 minute
+rcEZP49vsdc-00034-00009863-00010189 interactive discussion brilliant okay
+rcEZP49vsdc-00035-00010190-00010321 thank you
+rcEZP49vsdc-00036-00010322-00010787 okay so publish what you pay it's an
+rcEZP49vsdc-00037-00010788-00011231 organization that started in 2002 it was
+rcEZP49vsdc-00038-00011232-00011435 really looking to bring more
+rcEZP49vsdc-00039-00011436-00011683 transparency and accountability around
+rcEZP49vsdc-00040-00011684-00012230 the revenues that paid to governments in
+rcEZP49vsdc-00041-00012231-00012463 relation to extractive industries so the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00042-00012464-00012896 extraction of oil gas minerals okay why
+rcEZP49vsdc-00043-00012897-00013205 is it a big problem because it's a huge
+rcEZP49vsdc-00044-00013206-00013291 amount of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00045-00013293-00013558 resources or huge amounts of money we
+rcEZP49vsdc-00046-00013559-00013955 have some we have NRG I in the room who
+rcEZP49vsdc-00047-00013956-00014125 know a lot more about extractors than I
+rcEZP49vsdc-00048-00014126-00014147 do
+rcEZP49vsdc-00049-00014147-00015866 I'm very new to publish what you pay so
+rcEZP49vsdc-00050-00015866-00016144 why is payment transparency important
+rcEZP49vsdc-00051-00016144-00016397 publish what you pay pay believes it
+rcEZP49vsdc-00052-00016398-00016547 deters and helps her of it reveal
+rcEZP49vsdc-00053-00016548-00016761 corruption or questionable deals and
+rcEZP49vsdc-00054-00016762-00017075 mismanagement of revenues it can help
+rcEZP49vsdc-00055-00017076-00017261 citizens and civil society to make
+rcEZP49vsdc-00056-00017262-00017390 governments and companies more
+rcEZP49vsdc-00057-00017391-00017683 accountable and it helps shows how far
+rcEZP49vsdc-00058-00017684-00018030 revenues compensate for negative impacts
+rcEZP49vsdc-00059-00018031-00018467 a big part of published what you pays
+rcEZP49vsdc-00060-00018468-00018878 work is to try and make the the payments
+rcEZP49vsdc-00061-00018879-00019222 of oil companies to government's or
+rcEZP49vsdc-00062-00019223-00019397 transparent recall his mandatory
+rcEZP49vsdc-00063-00019398-00019838 disclosures so what does that cover it's
+rcEZP49vsdc-00064-00019839-00020005 essentially annual payments to
+rcEZP49vsdc-00065-00020006-00020246 governments reported by large registered
+rcEZP49vsdc-00066-00020247-00020525 listed oil gas mining companies in the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00067-00020526-00021008 UK EU since 2016 in Canada since 2017
+rcEZP49vsdc-00068-00021009-00021494 and in Norway since 2015 in the US there
+rcEZP49vsdc-00069-00021495-00021761 was a transparency law that was draft in
+rcEZP49vsdc-00070-00021762-00022091 2010 but that awaits implementation and
+rcEZP49vsdc-00071-00022092-00022322 the potential coverage with the US and
+rcEZP49vsdc-00072-00022323-00022628 all these this this legislation covers
+rcEZP49vsdc-00073-00022629-00022900 84 of the world's hundred biggest oil
+rcEZP49vsdc-00074-00022901-00023206 gas companies and 58 of the hundred
+rcEZP49vsdc-00075-00023207-00023983 biggest mining companies so what kind of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00076-00023984-00024178 data is being published here's an
+rcEZP49vsdc-00077-00024179-00024497 example it's a it's reported
+rcEZP49vsdc-00078-00024498-00024827 electronically online this is an example
+rcEZP49vsdc-00079-00024828-00025112 of a Royal Dutch Shell report to you in
+rcEZP49vsdc-00080-00025113-00025637 the to the UK are in 2016 the UK
+rcEZP49vsdc-00081-00025638-00025915 currently is the only country requiring
+rcEZP49vsdc-00082-00025916-00026150 open machinable readable machine
+rcEZP49vsdc-00083-00026151-00026587 readable data by XML and it covers
+rcEZP49vsdc-00084-00026588-00026858 payments by project disaggregated by 7
+rcEZP49vsdc-00085-00026858-00027155 payment types project totals payments by
+rcEZP49vsdc-00086-00027156-00027461 recipient government entities and lots
+rcEZP49vsdc-00087-00027462-00027719 more jargon if we want to get into that
+rcEZP49vsdc-00088-00027720-00028111 but you're not all extractors people so
+rcEZP49vsdc-00089-00028112-00028445 the UK and Canada are currently the only
+rcEZP49vsdc-00090-00028445-00028661 countries where there are central
+rcEZP49vsdc-00091-00028662-00028880 repositories and platforms that bring
+rcEZP49vsdc-00092-00028881-00028949 all these
+rcEZP49vsdc-00093-00028950-00029263 data from different companies together
+rcEZP49vsdc-00094-00029264-00029633 so what we're seeing is there's a lot
+rcEZP49vsdc-00095-00029633-00029845 more data available that's being
+rcEZP49vsdc-00096-00029847-00030064 published by these countries so this is
+rcEZP49vsdc-00097-00030066-00030269 what this has been a big win publish
+rcEZP49vsdc-00098-00030270-00030661 what you pay over its lifetime but
+rcEZP49vsdc-00099-00030662-00030923 there's lots of data now being published
+rcEZP49vsdc-00100-00030924-00031252 but as yet not much of it is being
+rcEZP49vsdc-00101-00031254-00031592 really used effectively so publish what
+rcEZP49vsdc-00102-00031593-00031805 you pay conceived a pilot program to
+rcEZP49vsdc-00103-00031806-00032089 support the usage of extractives data
+rcEZP49vsdc-00104-00032089-00032408 and that was our data extract his
+rcEZP49vsdc-00105-00032408-00032777 program so it's a two-year pilot that is
+rcEZP49vsdc-00106-00032778-00033044 supporting publish what you pay members
+rcEZP49vsdc-00107-00033045-00033344 in 40 different countries to make use of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00108-00033345-00033584 data so in this pilot project we
+rcEZP49vsdc-00109-00033585-00033898 supported 24 individuals in 21 countries
+rcEZP49vsdc-00110-00033899-00034277 to make use of the data that is now
+rcEZP49vsdc-00111-00034278-00034679 published we did that we supported these
+rcEZP49vsdc-00112-00034680-00034975 activities via workshops mentoring
+rcEZP49vsdc-00113-00034976-00035375 whatsapp groups email lists slack so on
+rcEZP49vsdc-00114-00035376-00035774 so on it's a real mix in terms of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00115-00035775-00035981 different publish what you pay members
+rcEZP49vsdc-00116-00035982-00036299 from lots of different countries some in
+rcEZP49vsdc-00117-00036300-00036488 the north some in the south very
+rcEZP49vsdc-00118-00036489-00036839 different levels of capacities looking
+rcEZP49vsdc-00119-00036840-00037106 at different problems looking at
+rcEZP49vsdc-00120-00037107-00037382 different sources of data as well
+rcEZP49vsdc-00121-00037383-00037823 and it's resulted in a number of very
+rcEZP49vsdc-00122-00037824-00038444 different outcomes so this is some of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00123-00038445-00038770 the work that Miles did using UK
+rcEZP49vsdc-00124-00038771-00039158 published data from UK companies he did
+rcEZP49vsdc-00125-00039159-00039458 this in 2016 it was very much an
+rcEZP49vsdc-00126-00039459-00039695 experimental pilot project and it was
+rcEZP49vsdc-00127-00039696-00039979 using data from the first year of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00128-00039980-00040360 mandatory disclosures in the UK it was
+rcEZP49vsdc-00129-00040361-00040730 very much a collaborative project trying
+rcEZP49vsdc-00130-00040731-00040898 to work with some of our coalition
+rcEZP49vsdc-00131-00040899-00041414 members in in southern countries and it
+rcEZP49vsdc-00132-00041415-00041507 was really trying to explore the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00133-00041508-00041726 relationship between home countries the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00134-00041727-00041945 countries in which extractive companies
+rcEZP49vsdc-00135-00041946-00042155 are based
+rcEZP49vsdc-00136-00042156-00042473 with people working in activists working
+rcEZP49vsdc-00137-00042474-00042782 in host countries to try and explore how
+rcEZP49vsdc-00138-00042783-00042950 they could be using this data for
+rcEZP49vsdc-00139-00042951-00043403 greater accountability and I think given
+rcEZP49vsdc-00140-00043404-00043592 the nature of publish what you pays work
+rcEZP49vsdc-00141-00043593-00043759 these kind of cross country
+rcEZP49vsdc-00142-00043760-00044000 collaborations will be a core focus of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00143-00044001-00044437 our work moving forward so the aims of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00144-00044438-00044609 the project was to test how data could
+rcEZP49vsdc-00145-00044610-00044921 be used and what it can tell us it was
+rcEZP49vsdc-00146-00044922-00045089 trying to strengthen publish what you
+rcEZP49vsdc-00147-00045090-00045287 pays work in kind of north-south
+rcEZP49vsdc-00148-00045288-00045644 evidence-based advocacy and it was
+rcEZP49vsdc-00149-00045645-00045911 trying to build essentially a cohort or
+rcEZP49vsdc-00150-00045912-00046160 cadre of info media Aires who could
+rcEZP49vsdc-00151-00046161-00046412 analyze the data and make it more
+rcEZP49vsdc-00152-00046413-00046751 accessible to people and it was also to
+rcEZP49vsdc-00153-00046752-00046982 demonstrate to companies into government
+rcEZP49vsdc-00154-00046983-00047225 that we were actually looking that we
+rcEZP49vsdc-00155-00047226-00047405 were scrutinizing the public that the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00156-00047406-00047740 data they were publishing the approach
+rcEZP49vsdc-00157-00047741-00048170 used in this example miles worked with
+rcEZP49vsdc-00158-00048171-00048356 the four different publish with what you
+rcEZP49vsdc-00159-00048357-00048824 pay coalitions it in the host country so
+rcEZP49vsdc-00160-00048825-00049079 in southern based countries to identify
+rcEZP49vsdc-00161-00049080-00049411 key payments reported by UK companies
+rcEZP49vsdc-00162-00049412-00049952 and he did some analysis and produced a
+rcEZP49vsdc-00163-00049953-00050240 number of infographics and drew out some
+rcEZP49vsdc-00164-00050241-00050480 key questions that could be asked to
+rcEZP49vsdc-00165-00050481-00050765 relevant government entities within
+rcEZP49vsdc-00166-00050766-00051002 those countries so it's trying to get
+rcEZP49vsdc-00167-00051003-00051439 answers to questions that wrote in the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00168-00051440-00051727 data the countries he looked at were
+rcEZP49vsdc-00169-00051728-00052345 Nigeria Iraq Indonesia and Tunisia four
+rcEZP49vsdc-00170-00052346-00052661 companies he looked at was Shell BP the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00171-00052662-00053087 BG Group and petrovac and it was looking
+rcEZP49vsdc-00172-00053088-00053450 at two payments in 2015 by four
+rcEZP49vsdc-00173-00053451-00053636 companies in four countries totaling
+rcEZP49vsdc-00174-00053637-00054044 seven point four billion dollars the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00175-00054045-00054355 infographics he produced were for
+rcEZP49vsdc-00176-00054357-00054575 Nigeria Tunisia and Indonesia and for
+rcEZP49vsdc-00177-00054576-00054841 Iraq he created a kind of an Arabic
+rcEZP49vsdc-00178-00054842-00055109 translation in summary of some of the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00179-00055110-00055346 issues in the data there he highlighted
+rcEZP49vsdc-00180-00055347-00055463 main payments
+rcEZP49vsdc-00181-00055464-00055841 to government entities identifying the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00182-00055841-00056102 highest-paying project and the largest
+rcEZP49vsdc-00183-00056103-00056423 payments and he listed key questions
+rcEZP49vsdc-00184-00056424-00056570 that could be put to those government
+rcEZP49vsdc-00185-00056571-00057023 entities so in terms of outputs and some
+rcEZP49vsdc-00186-00057024-00057320 of the outcomes it was a bit of a mixed
+rcEZP49vsdc-00187-00057321-00057695 picture so publish what people what you
+rcEZP49vsdc-00188-00057696-00058061 pay Nigeria took the outputs from the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00189-00058062-00058352 analysis that miles did they sent them
+rcEZP49vsdc-00190-00058353-00058574 to the relevant departments so the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00191-00058575-00058769 Department of Petroleum the federal
+rcEZP49vsdc-00192-00058770-00059078 Inland Revenue Service etc etc with
+rcEZP49vsdc-00193-00059079-00059324 cover letters asking them to explain and
+rcEZP49vsdc-00194-00059325-00059789 verify these revenues every single one
+rcEZP49vsdc-00195-00059790-00060437 of them refused to respond to that then
+rcEZP49vsdc-00196-00060438-00060565 they made Freedom of Information
+rcEZP49vsdc-00197-00060566-00060977 submissions asking the same questions
+rcEZP49vsdc-00198-00060978-00061352 these were still refused and then they
+rcEZP49vsdc-00199-00061353-00061535 then were looking at options in working
+rcEZP49vsdc-00200-00061536-00061769 with press but for various reasons that
+rcEZP49vsdc-00201-00061770-00062336 didn't go forward in Indonesia there the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00202-00062337-00062541 publisher what you pay Indonesia since
+rcEZP49vsdc-00203-00062542-00062795 these infographics and this series of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00204-00062796-00062954 questions with covering letters to
+rcEZP49vsdc-00205-00062954-00063272 relevant departments again refusal to
+rcEZP49vsdc-00206-00063273-00063464 engage and produce the information that
+rcEZP49vsdc-00207-00063465-00063740 was being asked of them and they were
+rcEZP49vsdc-00208-00063741-00063979 actually told that they must wait for
+rcEZP49vsdc-00209-00063980-00064129 the next Aita
+rcEZP49vsdc-00210-00064129-00064859 report so EITI hello there were some
+rcEZP49vsdc-00211-00064860-00065003 questions that were posed to companies
+rcEZP49vsdc-00212-00065004-00065177 and they did actually respond and
+rcEZP49vsdc-00213-00065178-00065462 responded because he was identifying
+rcEZP49vsdc-00214-00065463-00065711 some discrepancies in the data and they
+rcEZP49vsdc-00215-00065712-00066367 were then corrected
+rcEZP49vsdc-00216-00066368-00066605 now the reasons that for the payments
+rcEZP49vsdc-00217-00066606-00066846 are pretty clear it's paying for the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00218-00066847-00067092 it's the extractive extractives revenue
+rcEZP49vsdc-00219-00067093-00067353 the question is to the government is did
+rcEZP49vsdc-00220-00067354-00068040 you receive this and how he used it okay
+rcEZP49vsdc-00221-00068041-00068366 then in Tunisia and Iraq basically for a
+rcEZP49vsdc-00222-00068367-00068807 number of reasons not much happened okay
+rcEZP49vsdc-00223-00068808-00069230 so what we see is there's this an
+rcEZP49vsdc-00224-00069231-00069416 analysis have some data there's some
+rcEZP49vsdc-00225-00069417-00069611 questions being asked but we're not
+rcEZP49vsdc-00226-00069612-00069851 really getting beyond you know
+rcEZP49vsdc-00227-00069852-00069974 answerability
+rcEZP49vsdc-00228-00069975-00070217 in terms of I'm getting a response from
+rcEZP49vsdc-00229-00070218-00070428 government and I don't think this is
+rcEZP49vsdc-00230-00070429-00070688 unusual for a lot of of this kind of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00231-00070689-00070998 work and so I think a kind of central
+rcEZP49vsdc-00232-00070999-00071184 focus of our work moving for is how do
+rcEZP49vsdc-00233-00071185-00071366 we get from being able to do the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00234-00071367-00071693 analysis to getting answerability from
+rcEZP49vsdc-00235-00071694-00072110 governments on some of these questions
+rcEZP49vsdc-00236-00072111-00072471 so takeaways limited success
+rcEZP49vsdc-00237-00072472-00072818 I think there's outcomes that we've seen
+rcEZP49vsdc-00238-00072819-00073035 in terms of building people's capacity
+rcEZP49vsdc-00239-00073036-00073421 and confidence to use data we've
+rcEZP49vsdc-00240-00073422-00073676 identified you know the importance of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00241-00073677-00073937 really strong relationships between our
+rcEZP49vsdc-00242-00073938-00074111 northern coalition's and our southern
+rcEZP49vsdc-00243-00074112-00074276 coalition's that's gonna be quite
+rcEZP49vsdc-00244-00074277-00074606 central part of our future work we've
+rcEZP49vsdc-00245-00074607-00074796 demonstrated that we're watching that
+rcEZP49vsdc-00246-00074797-00075309 we're scrutinizing this data but lots of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00247-00075310-00075473 questions about what do we do next how
+rcEZP49vsdc-00248-00075474-00075615 do we actually get answerability
+rcEZP49vsdc-00249-00075616-00075806 beautiful government what if the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00250-00075807-00076197 government refuses to engage demonstrate
+rcEZP49vsdc-00251-00076198-00076440 again like in lots of other sectors that
+rcEZP49vsdc-00252-00076441-00076691 accountability is very difficult and
+rcEZP49vsdc-00253-00076692-00076946 actually that kind of information
+rcEZP49vsdc-00254-00076947-00077271 availability to accountability it's hard
+rcEZP49vsdc-00255-00077272-00077924 to follow we experienced significant
+rcEZP49vsdc-00256-00077925-00078141 challenges in forging the kind of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00257-00078142-00078557 relationships and mutual priorities
+rcEZP49vsdc-00258-00078558-00078990 between different data extractors so at
+rcEZP49vsdc-00259-00078991-00079151 the start of the program I think there
+rcEZP49vsdc-00260-00079152-00079406 was a real focus on using particular
+rcEZP49vsdc-00261-00079407-00079681 sources of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00262-00079682-00079852 but actually in reality a lot of the
+rcEZP49vsdc-00263-00079853-00080056 silicon suddenly cut coalitions were
+rcEZP49vsdc-00264-00080057-00080272 interested in using other forms of data
+rcEZP49vsdc-00265-00080273-00080635 other sources of data kind of some
+rcEZP49vsdc-00266-00080636-00080827 questions about data ownership language
+rcEZP49vsdc-00267-00080828-00081160 issues and like a lot of this kind of
+rcEZP49vsdc-00268-00081161-00081460 work and broadly it's early days and I
+rcEZP49vsdc-00269-00081461-00081577 think it's going to take a lot of time
+rcEZP49vsdc-00270-00081578-00082065 to learn and adapt and push on from here
+rcEZP49vsdc-00271-00082066-00082324 just a quick plug one of the things
+rcEZP49vsdc-00272-00082325-00082468 we've done recently in this will be
+rcEZP49vsdc-00273-00082469-00082645 published either this year this week or
+rcEZP49vsdc-00274-00082646-00082837 next week is some kind of quick how-to
+rcEZP49vsdc-00275-00082838-00083086 guides in terms of how to use UK
+rcEZP49vsdc-00276-00083087-00083356 companies data that we've that's
+rcEZP49vsdc-00277-00083357-00083523 published in English French and Spanish
+rcEZP49vsdc-00278-00083524-00083848 and with that I'm hand moving to choice
+rcEZP49vsdc-00279-00083849-00084136 to talk about
+rcZqUo-R16u-00000-00000463-00000961 oh my
+rcZqUo-R16u-00001-00000963-00001158 [Music]
+rcZqUo-R16u-00002-00001159-00001303 nice
+rcZqUo-R16u-00003-00001304-00001519 it's almost like being back at a video
+rcZqUo-R16u-00004-00001520-00001823 store
+rcZqUo-R16u-00005-00001823-00002134 oh hey check it out
+rcZqUo-R16u-00006-00002135-00002607 backstreet's back all right
+rcZqUo-R16u-00007-00002608-00003399 i'm gonna get skinny yay
+rcZqUo-R16u-00008-00003400-00003790 it works are these movies for ants
+rcZqUo-R16u-00009-00003792-00003967 i'm kidding i know that these are the
+rcZqUo-R16u-00010-00003968-00004103 toys
+rcZqUo-R16u-00011-00004104-00004286 dolls are creepy enough but you know
+rcZqUo-R16u-00012-00004287-00004551 what they shouldn't have
+rcZqUo-R16u-00013-00004552-00004895 teeth
+rcZqUo-R16u-00014-00004896-00005279 your music of choice classic rock 80s
+rcZqUo-R16u-00015-00005280-00005479 maybe flip through the new arrivals or
+rcZqUo-R16u-00016-00005480-00005727 just go with the classics like
+rcZqUo-R16u-00017-00005728-00006123 whipped cream and other delights
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00000-00000051-00000296 the great spirit known as Wakan Tanka
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00001-00000297-00000494 among the Sioux gitchi Manitou in
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00002-00000495-00000676 Algonquian and in many Native American
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00003-00000677-00000919 and First Nation cultures as the divine
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00004-00000920-00001144 or the sacred is the Supreme Being God
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00005-00001145-00001385 or a conception of universal spiritual
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00006-00001386-00001589 force the Great Spirit has at times been
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00007-00001590-00001816 conceptualized as an anthropomorphic
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00008-00001817-00002090 celestial deity a God of creation
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00009-00002091-00002354 history and eternity glue also takes a
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00010-00002355-00002551 personal interest in world affairs and
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00011-00002552-00002716 might regularly intervene in the lives
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00012-00002717-00003007 of human beings there have been and may
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00013-00003008-00003206 be many different speakers for the Great
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00014-00003207-00003415 Spirit each of whom must be dedicated to
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00015-00003417-00003611 the preservation of the Native American
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00016-00003611-00003881 Way of life the Great Spirit by way of
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00017-00003882-00004081 the spiritual leaders is look to for
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00018-00004082-00004286 spiritual and cultural guidance on both
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00019-00004287-00004486 an individual and community level
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00020-00004487-00004738 cultural variations among the different
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00021-00004739-00004936 Native American tribes who hold a belief
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00022-00004937-00005129 in the Great Spirit have resulted in
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00023-00005130-00005320 significantly different stories about
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00024-00005321-00005516 this being or these beings as well as
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00025-00005517-00005672 different types of messages being
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00026-00005673-00005870 delivered by those seen as prophets or
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00027-00005871-00006070 spiritual leaders in these cultures
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00028-00006071-00006322 according to Lakota activist Russell
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00029-00006323-00006533 Means a better translation of Wakan
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00030-00006534-00006976 Tanka is the great mystery
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00031-00006977-00007602 topic profits and spiritual leaders
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00032-00007603-00007859 topic two of the most well-known
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00033-00007861-00008100 prophets prophecies took place in the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00034-00008101-00008427 early 1800s the Shawnee prophet occurred
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00035-00008428-00008771 in 1824 Tenskwatawa a religious and
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00036-00008772-00008949 political leader of the Shawnee tribe
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00037-00008950-00009150 warned the governor of Michigan Lewis
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00038-00009151-00009339 Cass that the children of the Shani's
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00039-00009340-00009657 tribe would carry the sacred flame this
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00040-00009658-00009819 flame would end the world as it was
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00041-00009820-00010007 between the Native Americans and whites
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00042-00010008-00010275 once the destruction was complete the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00043-00010276-00010449 Great Spirit would restructure and
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00044-00010450-00010623 repopulate the world in the way it was
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00045-00010624-00010803 believed that it should be another well
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00046-00010804-00011055 known story happened in 1827 and
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00047-00011056-00011265 involves William Clark and Kenna cook a
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00048-00011266-00011463 spiritual leader of the Kickapoo Nation
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00049-00011464-00011712 this is known as the Kickapoo prophet
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00050-00011713-00011940 Kenna cook informed Clark that he must
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00051-00011941-00012132 be careful while exploring the land that
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00052-00012133-00012408 is now Illinois this warning was so that
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00053-00012409-00012582 the relocation of Kenna Cook's tribe
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00054-00012583-00012827 would be delayed he proclaimed that the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00055-00012828-00013008 Great Spirit would give a sign when it
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00056-00013009-00013169 was safe to continue traveling other
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00057-00013170-00013377 popular prophets include the Delaware
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00058-00013378-00013850 prophet and the Red Sticks prophet
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00059-00013851-00014449 topic tribal specific legends
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00060-00014450-00014788 topic the great spirit is portrayed in
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00061-00014788-00015013 most North American indigenous cultures
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00062-00015013-00015190 as a powerful force that guides the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00063-00015191-00015444 people in wisdom and survival in the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00064-00015446-00015655 various nations the great spirit might
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00065-00015656-00015826 be called earth grasper earth maker
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00066-00015827-00016116 gisha muni TOA gitche Manito or simply
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00067-00016118-00016357 the creator
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00068-00016358-00016603 an Algonquin legend speaks of a Delaware
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00069-00016604-00016825 Indian caldera Nene era that travels to
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00070-00016826-00017023 meet the Great Spirit upon meeting the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00071-00017024-00017227 Great Spirit tells Erina Nara that he is
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00072-00017228-00017470 the maker of heaven and earth because I
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00073-00017471-00017710 love you dot the land on which you are I
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00074-00017711-00018046 have made for you Schoolcraft point one
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00075-00018047-00018337 856 the Great Spirit teaches him a
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00076-00018338-00018490 prayer to share with his people that
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00077-00018491-00018646 they should repeat it every morning and
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00078-00018647-00018913 night the stories of the Native American
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00079-00018914-00019108 helped explain mysteries and abstract
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00080-00019109-00019411 ideas the stories also explained whether
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00081-00019412-00019783 animals and land formations chief Minonk
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00082-00019784-00019990 you of the Ohio when'd at a nation of
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00083-00019991-00020212 Christianized tribes spoke to a group of
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00084-00020213-00020533 white Methodists in the 1820s he pointed
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00085-00020534-00020713 out that both Native Americans and the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00086-00020714-00020959 white men had been taught to do good the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00087-00020960-00021144 Great Spirit has taught you and us both
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00088-00021145-00021280 one thing that we should love one
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00089-00021281-00021547 another and fear him he has taught us by
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00090-00021548-00021733 his spirit and you white men by the Good
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00091-00021734-00021957 Book which is all one
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00092-00021958-00022206 Manong q tells the gathered crowd that
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00093-00022207-00022377 the white men say that they love the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00094-00022378-00022569 tribes but they give them whiskey and
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00095-00022570-00022749 this cause is evil and that the white
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00096-00022750-00022968 man cheats the Indian and treats him as
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00097-00022969-00023259 if he is less than the white man quote
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00098-00023260-00023589 now your Good Book forbids all this why
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00099-00023590-00023784 not then do what it tells you then
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00100-00023785-00023997 Indians would do right - now brothers
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00101-00023998-00024177 let us all do right then our great
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00102-00024178-00024384 father will be pleased and make us happy
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00103-00024385-00024567 in this world and after death we shall
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00104-00024568-00024768 all live together in his house above and
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00105-00024769-00024858 always be happy
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00106-00024859-00025197 brem 2011 the Christian missionaries
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00107-00025198-00025386 often used the similarities of the two
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00108-00025387-00025533 beliefs to teach the tribes about
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00109-00025534-00025956 Christianity
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00110-00025957-00026166 topic the story of the Sleeping Bear
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00111-00026167-00026537 Dunes
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00112-00026538-00026892 topic according to a Chippewa legend a
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00113-00026893-00027102 forest fire on the Wisconsin shoreline
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00114-00027102-00027270 forced a mother bear and her two cubs
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00115-00027270-00027411 into Lake Michigan
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00116-00027412-00027654 the Cubs became tired and fell behind
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00117-00027655-00027821 their mother and eventually drowned
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00118-00027822-00028061 within sight of the shoreline the mother
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00119-00028062-00028224 made it to the shore and climbed to the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00120-00028225-00028424 top of a dune to look for her cubs but
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00121-00028425-00028646 they were gone the mother waited there
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00122-00028647-00028820 for days in hopes that her Cubs would
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00123-00028821-00029087 appear the Great Spirit was moved by the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00124-00029088-00029280 mother's devotion and commitment to find
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00125-00029281-00029442 her cubs and covered the mother in a
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00126-00029443-00029598 blanket of sand so she would have a
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00127-00029599-00029786 final resting place and be able to
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00128-00029787-00030033 reunite with her Cubs it is said that
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00129-00030033-00030215 the mother is still lying in this spot
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00130-00030216-00030495 today waiting for her cubs to appear the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00131-00030495-00030732 Great Spirit also created two islands to
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00132-00030733-00030914 mark the spot where the Cubs had drowned
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00133-00030915-00031161 the two islands are known today as the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00134-00031162-00031430 North and South Manitou Islands the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00135-00031431-00031632 Sleeping Bear Dunes are located on the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00136-00031633-00031782 northwest coast of the Lower Peninsula
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00137-00031783-00032273 of Michigan in the city of Leelanau
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00138-00032274-00032531 topic story of the strawberry and
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00139-00032532-00032926 blackberry
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00140-00032927-00033289 topic the Great Spirit created man and
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00141-00033290-00033529 woman and they lived in happiness for a
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00142-00033530-00033778 time but as husbands and wives have done
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00143-00033779-00034041 ever since they soon began to quarrel
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00144-00034042-00034315 the story explains that the wife leaves
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00145-00034316-00034516 the husband and sets off walking toward
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00146-00034517-00034831 the Setting Sun the Great Spirit sees
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00147-00034832-00035023 that the man is unhappy and creates
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00148-00035024-00035233 berries along her path she ignores the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00149-00035234-00035392 huckleberries cherries and blackberries
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00150-00035393-00035683 along the way then the great spirit
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00151-00035684-00035893 creates strawberries and the woman stops
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00152-00035894-00036070 to gather some and the man is able to
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00153-00036071-00036262 catch up to her she shares them with him
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00154-00036263-00036478 and they return home together the
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00155-00036479-00036649 berries are then named Oda men meaning
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00156-00036650-00037073 heart berry
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00157-00037074-00037593 topic see also
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00158-00037594-00038162 topic hail to the sunrise statue Manitou
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00159-00038163-00038793 monotheism Native American religion
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00160-00038794-00039353 topic references
+rfCAyB_rSwU-00161-00039354-00039647 topic
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00000-00000146-00000361 agent-based models have many
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00001-00000362-00000614 applications in biology primarily due to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00002-00000615-00000794 the characteristics of the modeling
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00003-00000795-00001037 method agent-based modeling is a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00004-00001038-00001253 rule-based computational modeling
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00005-00001254-00001469 methodology that focuses on rules and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00006-00001470-00001639 interactions among the individual
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00007-00001641-00001829 components are the agents of a system
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00008-00001830-00002087 the goal of this modeling method is to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00009-00002088-00002275 generate populations of the system
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00010-00002276-00002459 components of interest and simulate
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00011-00002460-00002658 their interactions in a virtual world
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00012-00002659-00002941 agent based models start with rules for
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00013-00002942-00003133 behavior and seek to reconstruct through
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00014-00003134-00003356 computational instantiation of those
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00015-00003357-00003572 behavioral rules the observed patterns
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00016-00003572-00003788 of behavior several of the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00017-00003789-00003992 characteristics of agent based models
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00018-00003993-00004369 important to biological studies included
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00019-00004370-00004616 modular structure the behavior of an
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00020-00004617-00004802 agent-based model is defined by the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00021-00004803-00005113 rules of its agent existing agent rules
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00022-00005114-00005309 can be modified or new agents can be
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00023-00005310-00005468 added without having to modify the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00024-00005469-00005720 entire model
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00025-00005721-00005958 emergent properties through the use of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00026-00005959-00006131 the individual agents that interact
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00027-00006132-00006342 locally with rules of behavior agent
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00028-00006343-00006524 based models result in a synergy that
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00029-00006525-00006723 leads to a higher level whole with much
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00030-00006723-00006899 more intricate behavior than those of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00031-00006900-00007183 each individual agent
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00032-00007184-00007413 abstraction either by excluding
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00033-00007414-00007617 non-essential details or when details
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00034-00007618-00007848 are not available agent based models can
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00035-00007850-00007998 be constructed in the absence of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00036-00008000-00008160 complete knowledge of the system under
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00037-00008161-00008430 study this allows the model to be as
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00038-00008431-00008792 simple and verifiable as possible
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00039-00008793-00009119 stochasticity biological systems exhibit
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00040-00009120-00009326 behavior that appears to be random the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00041-00009327-00009554 probability of a particular behavior can
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00042-00009555-00009704 be determined for a system as a whole
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00043-00009705-00009932 and then be translated into rules for
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00044-00009933-00010169 the individual agents before the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00045-00010170-00010385 agent-based model can be developed one
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00046-00010386-00010589 must choose the appropriate software or
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00047-00010590-00010850 modeling toolkit to be used matey and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00048-00010851-00011069 nikolai provide an extensive list of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00049-00011070-00011309 toolkits in their paper tools of the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00050-00011310-00011540 trade a survey of various agent-based
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00051-00011541-00011945 modeling platforms the paper seeks to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00052-00011946-00012134 provide users with a method of choosing
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00053-00012135-00012344 a suitable toolkit by examining five
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00054-00012345-00012545 characteristics across the spectrum of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00055-00012546-00012721 toolkits the programming language
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00056-00012722-00012893 required to create the model the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00057-00012894-00013112 required operating system availability
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00058-00013113-00013349 of user support the software license
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00059-00013350-00013546 type and the intended toolkit domain
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00060-00013547-00013816 some of the more commonly used tool kits
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00061-00013818-00014137 include swarm netlogo repast and Mason
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00062-00014138-00014390 listed below are summaries of several
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00063-00014391-00014615 articles describing agent-based models
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00064-00014616-00014762 that have been employed in biological
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00065-00014763-00015035 studies the summaries will provide a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00066-00015036-00015230 description of the problem space an
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00067-00015231-00015434 overview of the agent-based model and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00068-00015435-00015596 the agents involved and a brief
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00069-00015597-00015918 discussion of the model results
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00070-00015919-00016567 forest insect infestations in the paper
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00071-00016568-00016849 titled exploring forest management
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00072-00016850-00017137 practices using an agent-based model of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00073-00017138-00017433 forest insect infestations an
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00074-00017434-00017677 agent-based model was developed to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00075-00017678-00017881 simulate attack behavior of the mountain
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00076-00017882-00018178 pine beetle dendroctonus ponderosa MPB
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00077-00018179-00018376 in order to evaluate how different
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00078-00018377-00018592 harvesting policies influence spatial
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00079-00018593-00018757 characteristics of the forest and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00080-00018758-00018934 spatial propagation of the MTB
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00081-00018935-00019249 infestation over time about two thirds
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00082-00019250-00019447 of the land in British Columbia Canada
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00083-00019448-00019615 is covered by forests that are
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00084-00019616-00019828 constantly being modified by natural
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00085-00019829-00020059 disturbances such as fire disease and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00086-00020060-00020394 insect infestation forest resources make
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00087-00020395-00020665 up approximately 15% of the provinces
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00088-00020666-00020893 economy so infestations caused by
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00089-00020894-00021058 insects such as the MTB
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00090-00021059-00021238 can have significant impacts on the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00091-00021239-00021568 economy the MTB outbreaks are considered
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00092-00021569-00021766 a major natural disturbance that can
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00093-00021767-00021969 result in widespread mortality of the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00094-00021970-00022153 lodgepole pine tree one of the most
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00095-00022154-00022350 abundant commercial tree species in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00096-00022351-00022639 British Columbia insect outbreaks have
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00097-00022640-00022810 resulted in the death of trees over
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00098-00022811-00022981 areas of several thousand square
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00099-00022982-00023241 kilometres
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00100-00023242-00023533 the agent-based model developed for this
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00101-00023534-00023767 study was designed to simulate the mtv
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00102-00023768-00023989 attack behavior in order to evaluate how
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00103-00023990-00024175 management practices influence the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00104-00024176-00024367 spatial distribution and patterns of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00105-00024368-00024577 insect population and their preferences
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00106-00024578-00024838 for attacked and killed trees three
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00107-00024839-00025047 management strategies were considered by
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00108-00025048-00025243 the model one no management to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00109-00025244-00025486 sanitation harvest and three salvage
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00110-00025487-00025770 harvest in the model the beetle agent
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00111-00025772-00026017 represented the mtv behavior the pine
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00112-00026018-00026251 agent represented the forest environment
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00113-00026252-00026437 and tree health evolution the forest
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00114-00026438-00026620 management agent represented the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00115-00026620-00026863 different management strategies the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00116-00026864-00027076 beetle agent follows a series of rules
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00117-00027077-00027280 to decide where to fly within the forest
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00118-00027281-00027465 and to select a healthy tree to attack
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00119-00027466-00027808 feed and breed the MPV typically kills
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00120-00027808-00028033 host trees in its natural environment in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00121-00028033-00028294 order to successfully reproduce the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00122-00028295-00028492 beetle larvae feed on the inner bark of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00123-00028493-00028695 mature host trees eventually killing
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00124-00028697-00028914 them in order for the beetles to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00125-00028916-00029092 reproduce the host tree must be
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00126-00029093-00029249 sufficiently large and have
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00127-00029250-00029567 inner bark the MPB outbreaks and when
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00128-00029568-00029752 the food supply decreases to the point
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00129-00029754-00029918 that there is not enough to sustain the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00130-00029919-00030143 population or when climatic conditions
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00131-00030144-00030395 become unfavorable for the beetle the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00132-00030395-00030614 pine agent simulates the resistance of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00133-00030614-00030802 the host tree specifically the lodgepole
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00134-00030804-00031025 pine tree and monitors the state and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00135-00031026-00031283 attributes of each stand of trees at
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00136-00031283-00031526 some point in the MTB attack the number
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00137-00031527-00031708 of beetles per tree reaches the host
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00138-00031710-00031988 tree capacity when this point is reached
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00139-00031989-00032204 the beetles release a chemical to direct
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00140-00032205-00032474 beetles to attack other trees the pine
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00141-00032475-00032648 agent models this behavior by
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00142-00032649-00032831 calculating the beetle population
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00143-00032832-00033014 density for stand and passes the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00144-00033015-00033265 information to the beetle agent the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00145-00033266-00033497 forest management agent was used at the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00146-00033498-00033695 stand level to simulate two common
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00147-00033696-00033926 silviculture practices sanitation and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00148-00033927-00034145 salvage as well as the strategy where no
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00149-00034146-00034397 management practice was employed with
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00150-00034398-00034628 the sanitation harvest strategy if a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00151-00034629-00034832 stand has an infestation rate greater
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00152-00034833-00035012 than a set threshold the stand is
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00153-00035013-00035204 removed as well as any healthy neighbors
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00154-00035205-00035399 stand when the average size of the trees
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00155-00035400-00035687 exceeded a set threshold for the salvage
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00156-00035688-00035924 harvest strategy a stand is removed even
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00157-00035925-00036146 it is not under MTB attack if a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00158-00036147-00036293 predetermined number of neighboring
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00159-00036294-00036649 stands are under MPB attack
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00160-00036650-00036916 the study considered a forested area in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00161-00036917-00037102 the north-central interior of British
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00162-00037103-00037402 Columbia of approximately 560 hectare
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00163-00037403-00037663 the area consisted primarily of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00164-00037664-00037891 lodgepole pine with smaller proportions
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00165-00037892-00038149 of Douglas fir and white spruce the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00166-00038150-00038386 model was executed for five time steps
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00167-00038387-00038698 each step representing a single year 30
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00168-00038699-00038914 simulation runs were conducted for each
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00169-00038915-00039130 forest management strategy considered
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00170-00039131-00039343 the results of the simulation showed
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00171-00039344-00039532 that when no management strategy was
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00172-00039533-00039754 employed the highest overall MTB
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00173-00039755-00040030 infestation occurred the results also
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00174-00040031-00040195 showed that the salvage forest
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00175-00040196-00040480 management technique resulted in a 25%
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00176-00040481-00040636 reduction in the number of forest
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00177-00040637-00040900 strands killed by the MTB as opposed to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00178-00040901-00041167 a 19% reduction by the salvage forest
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00179-00041168-00041446 management strategy in summary the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00180-00041447-00041614 results show that the model can be used
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00181-00041615-00041815 as a tool to build forest management
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00182-00041816-00042046 policies
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00183-00042047-00042712 invasive species invasive species refers
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00184-00042713-00043042 to non-native plants and animals that
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00185-00043043-00043237 adversely affect the environments they
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00186-00043238-00043411 invade the introduction of invasive
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00187-00043412-00043693 species may have environmental economic
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00188-00043694-00043993 and ecological implications in the paper
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00189-00043994-00044311 titled an agent-based model of border
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00190-00044312-00044494 enforcement for invasive species
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00191-00044495-00044806 management an agent-based model is
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00192-00044807-00045010 presented that was developed to evaluate
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00193-00045011-00045193 the impacts of port specific and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00194-00045194-00045397 importer specific enforcement regimes
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00195-00045398-00045616 for a given agricultural commodity that
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00196-00045617-00045828 presents invasive species risk
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00197-00045829-00046087 ultimately the goal of the study was to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00198-00046088-00046261 improve the allocation of enforcement
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00199-00046262-00046456 resources and to provide a tool to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00200-00046457-00046684 policymakers to answer further questions
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00201-00046685-00046858 concerning border enforcement an
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00202-00046859-00047154 invasive species risk
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00203-00047155-00047402 the agent-based model developed for the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00204-00047403-00047612 study considered three types of agents
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00205-00047613-00047865 invasive species importers and border
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00206-00047866-00048132 enforcement agents in the model the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00207-00048133-00048348 invasive species can only react to their
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00208-00048349-00048512 surroundings while the importers and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00209-00048513-00048708 border enforcement agents are able to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00210-00048709-00048882 make their own decisions based on their
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00211-00048883-00049158 own goals and objectives the invasive
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00212-00049159-00049380 species has the ability to determine if
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00213-00049381-00049527 it has been released in an area
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00214-00049528-00049721 containing the target crop and to spread
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00215-00049722-00050015 to adjacent plots of the target crop the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00216-00050016-00050246 model incorporates spatial probability
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00217-00050247-00050424 maps that are used to determine if an
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00218-00050425-00050721 invasive species becomes established the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00219-00050722-00050933 study focused on shipments of broccoli
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00220-00050934-00051146 from Mexico into California through the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00221-00051147-00051401 ports of entry Calexico California and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00222-00051402-00051699 Ooty Mesa California the selected
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00223-00051700-00051908 invasive species of concern was the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00224-00051909-00052091 crucifer flea beetle Philo tried a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00225-00052092-00052323 crucifer a California is by far the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00226-00052324-00052509 largest producer of broccoli in the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00227-00052510-00052710 United States and so the concern and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00228-00052711-00052911 potential impact of an invasive species
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00229-00052912-00053121 introduction through the chosen ports of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00230-00053122-00053394 entry is significant the model also
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00231-00053395-00053640 incorporated a spatially explicit damage
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00232-00053641-00053826 function that was used to model invasive
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00233-00053827-00054076 species damage in a realistic manner
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00234-00054077-00054321 agent-based modeling provides the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00235-00054322-00054510 ability to analyze the behavior of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00236-00054511-00054726 heterogeneous actors so three different
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00237-00054727-00054905 types of importers were considered that
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00238-00054907-00055119 differed in terms of commodity infection
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00239-00055120-00055359 rates high medium and low pretreatment
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00240-00055360-00055578 choice and cost of transportation to the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00241-00055579-00055848 port's the model gave predictions on
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00242-00055849-00056063 inspection rates for each port of entry
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00243-00056064-00056255 and importer and determined the success
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00244-00056257-00056490 rate of border agent inspection not only
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00245-00056491-00056709 for each port and importer but also for
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00246-00056710-00056925 each potential level of pretreatment no
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00247-00056926-00057159 pretreatment level one level two and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00248-00057160-00057399 level three
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00249-00057400-00057632 the model was implemented in randon
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00250-00057633-00057972 netlogo version 3.1 point 5 spatial
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00251-00057973-00058173 information on the location of the ports
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00252-00058174-00058341 of entry major highways and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00253-00058341-00058550 transportation routes was included in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00254-00058551-00058724 the analysis as well as a map of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00255-00058725-00058935 California broccoli crops layered with
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00256-00058936-00059111 invasive species establishment
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00257-00059112-00059403 probability mat behavior space a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00258-00059404-00059640 software tool integrated with netlogo
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00259-00059641-00059801 was used to test the effects of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00260-00059802-00060036 different parameters eg shipment value
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00261-00060037-00060241 pretreatment cost in the model on
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00262-00060242-00060561 average 100 iterations were calculated
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00263-00060562-00060731 at each level of the parameter being
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00264-00060732-00060948 used where an iteration represented a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00265-00060949-00061180 one-year run
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00266-00061182-00061409 the results of the model showed that as
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00267-00061410-00061622 inspection efforts increase importers
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00268-00061623-00061829 increased due care or the pretreatment
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00269-00061829-00062041 of shipments and the total monetary loss
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00270-00062042-00062357 of California crops decreases the model
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00271-00062358-00062542 showed that importers respond to an
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00272-00062544-00062711 increase in inspection effort in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00273-00062712-00063014 different ways some importers responded
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00274-00063015-00063185 to increased inspection rate by
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00275-00063186-00063365 increasing pretreatment effort while
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00276-00063366-00063533 others chose to avoid shipping to a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00277-00063534-00063761 specific port or shop for another port
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00278-00063762-00064010 an important result of the model results
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00279-00064011-00064202 is that it can show or provide
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00280-00064203-00064415 recommendations to policymakers about
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00281-00064416-00064610 the point at which importers may start
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00282-00064611-00064823 to shop reports such as the inspection
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00283-00064824-00064970 rate at which port shopping is
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00284-00064971-00065195 introduced and the importers associated
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00285-00065196-00065390 with a certain level of pest risk or
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00286-00065391-00065597 transportation cost are likely to make
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00287-00065598-00065683 these changes
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00288-00065684-00065954 another interesting outcome of the model
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00289-00065955-00066146 is that when inspectors were not able to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00290-00066147-00066326 learn to respond to an importer with
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00291-00066327-00066566 previously infested shipments damage to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00292-00066567-00066806 California broccoli crops was estimated
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00293-00066807-00067175 to be 150 million dollars however when
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00294-00067176-00067334 inspectors were able to increase
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00295-00067335-00067526 inspection rates of importers with
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00296-00067527-00067724 previous violations damage to the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00297-00067725-00067961 California broccoli crops was reduced by
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00298-00067962-00068288 approximately 12% the model provides a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00299-00068289-00068480 mechanism to predict the introduction of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00300-00068481-00068690 invasive species from agricultural
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00301-00068691-00068972 imports and their likely damage equally
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00302-00068973-00069139 as important the model provides
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00303-00069140-00069389 policymakers and border control agencies
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00304-00069390-00069536 with a tool that can be used to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00305-00069537-00069704 determine the best allocation of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00306-00069705-00069992 inspectional resources
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00307-00069993-00070589 viii and population dynamics in the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00308-00070590-00070880 article titled a fad population dynamics
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00309-00070881-00071126 in agricultural landscapes an
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00310-00071127-00071422 agent-based simulation model an
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00311-00071423-00071699 agent-based model is presented to study
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00312-00071700-00071894 the population dynamics of the bird
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00313-00071895-00072137 cheerio David rah philosoph and Paddy L
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00314-00072138-00072368 the study was conducted in a 5 square
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00315-00072369-00072575 kilometre region of North Yorkshire the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00316-00072576-00072758 county located in the Yorkshire and the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00317-00072759-00072947 Humber region of England the agent-based
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00318-00072948-00073151 modeling method was chosen because of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00319-00073152-00073310 its focus on the behavior of the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00320-00073311-00073475 individual agents rather than the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00321-00073476-00073586 population as a whole
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00322-00073587-00073862 the authors proposed that traditional
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00323-00073863-00074072 models that focus on populations as a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00324-00074073-00074240 whole did not take into account the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00325-00074241-00074381 complexity of the concurrent
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00326-00074382-00074582 interactions in ecosystems such as
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00327-00074583-00074777 reproduction and competition for
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00328-00074778-00074960 resources which may have significant
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00329-00074961-00075224 impacts on population trends the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00330-00075225-00075422 agent-based modeling approach also
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00331-00075423-00075653 allows modelers to create more generic
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00332-00075654-00075806 and modular models that are more
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00333-00075807-00075980 flexible and easier to maintain than
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00334-00075981-00076187 modeling approaches that focus on the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00335-00076188-00076457 population as a whole other proposed
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00336-00076458-00076700 advantages of agent based models include
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00337-00076701-00076931 realistic representation of a phenomenon
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00338-00076932-00077129 of interest due to the interactions of a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00339-00077130-00077312 group of autonomous agents and the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00340-00077313-00077519 capability to integrate quantitative
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00341-00077520-00077723 variables differential equations and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00342-00077724-00078093 rule based behavior into the same model
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00343-00078094-00078297 the model was implemented in the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00344-00078298-00078519 modeling toolkit repast using the java
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00345-00078520-00078795 programming language the model was run
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00346-00078796-00079011 in daily time steps and focused on the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00347-00079012-00079281 autumn and winter seasons include data
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00348-00079282-00079494 for the model included habitat data
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00349-00079495-00079701 daily minimum maximum and mean
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00350-00079702-00079875 temperatures and wind speed and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00351-00079876-00080121 direction for the aphid agents age
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00352-00080122-00080388 position and morphology a late or apt
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00353-00080389-00080664 terrace were considered age ranged from
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00354-00080665-00080889 zero point zero zero to two point zero
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00355-00080890-00081156 zero with one point zero zero being the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00356-00081157-00081312 point at which the agent becomes an
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00357-00081313-00081609 adult reproduction by the aphid agents
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00358-00081610-00081870 is dependent on age morphology and daily
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00359-00081871-00082082 minimum maximum and mean temperatures
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00360-00082083-00082332 once nymphs hatched they remain in the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00361-00082333-00082590 same location as their parents the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00362-00082591-00082785 morphology of the nymphs is related to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00363-00082786-00082992 population density and the nutrient
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00364-00082993-00083256 quality of the aphids food source the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00365-00083257-00083490 model also considered mortality among
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00366-00083491-00083691 the aphid agents which is dependent on
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00367-00083692-00083927 age temperatures and quality of habitat
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00368-00083928-00084219 the speed at which an aphid agent ages
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00369-00084220-00084393 is determined by the daily minimum
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00370-00084394-00084693 maximum and mean temperatures the model
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00371-00084694-00084894 considered movement of the aphid agents
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00372-00084895-00085080 to occur in two separate phases a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00373-00085081-00085338 migratory face and a foraging phase both
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00374-00085339-00085491 of which affect the overall population
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00375-00085492-00085760 distribution
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00376-00085761-00086006 the study started the simulation run
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00377-00086007-00086249 with an initial population of 10,000 a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00378-00086250-00086450 lead aphids distributed across a grid of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00379-00086451-00086804 25 meter cells the simulation results
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00380-00086805-00086924 showed that there were two major
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00381-00086925-00087143 population peaks the first in early
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00382-00087144-00087317 autumn due to an influx of a lead
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00383-00087318-00087482 immigrants and the second due to lower
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00384-00087483-00087656 temperatures later in the year and a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00385-00087657-00087935 lack of immigrant ultimately it is the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00386-00087936-00088106 goal of the researchers to adapt this
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00387-00088107-00088349 model to simulate broader ecosystems and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00388-00088350-00088584 animal types
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00389-00088585-00089205 aquatic population dynamics in the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00390-00089206-00089526 article titled exploring multi-agent
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00391-00089527-00089757 systems in aquatic population dynamics
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00392-00089758-00090087 modeling a model is proposed to study
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00393-00090088-00090297 the population dynamics of two species
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00394-00090298-00090609 of macro fights aquatic plants play a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00395-00090610-00090816 vital role in the ecosystems in which
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00396-00090817-00090990 they live as they may provide shelter
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00397-00090991-00091205 and food for other aquatic organisms
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00398-00091206-00091443 however they may also have harmful
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00399-00091444-00091644 impacts such as the excessive growth of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00400-00091645-00091875 non-native plants or eutrophication of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00401-00091876-00092040 the lakes in which they live leading to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00402-00092041-00092268 anoxic conditions given these
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00403-00092269-00092457 possibilities it is important to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00404-00092458-00092649 understand how the environment and other
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00405-00092650-00092826 organisms affect the growth of these
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00406-00092827-00093048 aquatic plants to allow mitigation or
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00407-00093049-00093391 prevention of these harmful impacts
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00408-00093392-00093644 hanuman gaiden peck tinnitus is one of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00409-00093645-00093917 the aquatic plant agents in the model it
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00410-00093918-00094130 is an annual growth plant that absorbs
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00411-00094131-00094347 nutrients from the soil and reproduces
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00412-00094348-00094561 through root tubers and rhizomes
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00413-00094562-00094751 reproduction of the plant is not
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00414-00094752-00094955 impacted by water flow but can be
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00415-00094956-00095165 influenced by animals other plants and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00416-00095166-00095432 humans the plant can grow up to two
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00417-00095433-00095600 metres tall which is a limiting
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00418-00095601-00095784 condition because it can only grow in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00419-00095785-00095969 certain water depths and most of its
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00420-00095970-00096176 biomass is found at the top of the plant
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00421-00096177-00096335 in order to capture the most sunlight
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00422-00096336-00096632 possible the second plant agent in the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00423-00096633-00096785 model is Chara aspera
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00424-00096786-00097071 also a rooted aquatic plant one major
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00425-00097072-00097259 difference in the two plants is that the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00426-00097260-00097434 latter reproduces through the use of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00427-00097435-00097647 very small seeds called oa spores and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00428-00097648-00097823 bubbles which are spread via the flow of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00429-00097824-00098180 water Chara as fara only grows up to 20
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00430-00098181-00098399 centimeters and requires very good light
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00431-00098400-00098571 conditions as well as good water quality
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00432-00098572-00098819 all of which are limiting factors on the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00433-00098820-00099096 growth of the plant Chara aspera has a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00434-00099097-00099290 higher growth rate than Panama Gate in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00435-00099291-00099459 pectin oddest but has a much shorter
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00436-00099460-00099755 lifespan the model also considered
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00437-00099756-00099955 environmental and animal agents
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00438-00099956-00100209 environmental agents considered included
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00439-00100210-00100434 water flow light penetration and water
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00440-00100435-00100706 depth flow conditions although not of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00441-00100707-00100872 high importance to Panama Gate and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00442-00100873-00101075 pectin artists directly impact the seed
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00443-00101076-00101334 dispersal of Chora espera flow
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00444-00101335-00101525 conditions affect the direction as well
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00445-00101526-00101675 as the distance the seeds will be
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00446-00101676-00101972 distributed light penetration strongly
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00447-00101973-00102206 influences chara espera as it requires
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00448-00102207-00102474 high water quality extinction
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00449-00102475-00102704 coefficient ec is a measure of light
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00450-00102705-00103052 penetration in water as EC increases the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00451-00103053-00103285 growth rate of Chora is farad decreases
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00452-00103286-00103517 finally depth is important to both
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00453-00103518-00103739 species of plants as water depth
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00454-00103740-00103910 increases the light penetration
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00455-00103911-00104108 decreases making it difficult for either
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00456-00104109-00104476 species to survive beyond certain deaths
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00457-00104477-00104730 the area of interest in the model was a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00458-00104731-00104916 lake in the Netherlands named Lake Velo
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00459-00104917-00105199 it is a relatively shallow lake with an
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00460-00105200-00105490 average depth of 1.55 meters and covers
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00461-00105491-00105778 about 30 square kilometers the lake is
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00462-00105779-00105994 under eutrophication stress which means
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00463-00105995-00106158 that nutrients are not a limiting factor
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00464-00106159-00106354 for either of the plant agents in the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00465-00106355-00106624 model the initial position of the plant
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00466-00106625-00106783 agents in the model was randomly
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00467-00106783-00107047 determined the model was implemented
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00468-00107048-00107278 using repast software package and was
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00469-00107279-00107460 executed to simulate the growth and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00470-00107461-00107658 decay of the two different plant agents
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00471-00107659-00107851 taking into account the environmental
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00472-00107852-00108052 agents previously discussed as well as
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00473-00108053-00108328 interactions with other plant agents the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00474-00108329-00108553 results of the model execution show that
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00475-00108554-00108763 the population distribution of Chora as
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00476-00108764-00109000 fara has a spatial pattern very similar
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00477-00109001-00109171 to the GIS maps of observed
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00478-00109172-00109420 distributions the authors of the study
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00479-00109421-00109657 conclude that the agent rules developed
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00480-00109658-00109825 in the study are reasonable to simulate
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00481-00109826-00110016 the spatial pattern of macro fight
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00482-00110017-00110347 growth in this particular lake
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00483-00110348-00110675 bacterial aggregation leading to biofilm
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00484-00110676-00111226 formation in the article titled I
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00485-00111227-00111533 dynamics next-generation individual
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00486-00111533-00111759 based modeling of biofilms an
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00487-00111760-00112009 agent-based model is presented that
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00488-00112010-00112268 models the colonization of bacteria onto
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00489-00112269-00112328 a surface
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00490-00112329-00112619 leading to the formation of biofilms the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00491-00112620-00112877 purpose of Ida nominee for individual
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00492-00112878-00113105 based dynamics of microbial communities
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00493-00113106-00113297 simulator is to simulate the growth of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00494-00113298-00113485 populations and communities of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00495-00113486-00113714 individual microbes small unicellular
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00496-00113715-00113986 organisms such as bacteria archaea and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00497-00113988-00114179 protists that compete for space and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00498-00114180-00114371 resources in biofilms immersed in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00499-00114372-00114665 aquatic environment I'd anomic scan be
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00500-00114666-00114824 used to seek to understand how
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00501-00114825-00115055 individual microbial dynamics lead to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00502-00115056-00115289 emergent population or biofilm level
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00503-00115290-00115592 properties and behaviors examining such
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00504-00115593-00115808 formations is important in soil and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00505-00115808-00116021 River studies dental hygiene studies
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00506-00116022-00116252 infectious disease and medical implant
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00507-00116253-00116444 related infection research and for
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00508-00116445-00116659 understanding bio corrosion an
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00509-00116660-00116870 agent-based modeling paradigm was
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00510-00116871-00117071 employed to make it possible to explore
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00511-00117072-00117281 how each individual bacterium of a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00512-00117282-00117488 particular species contributes to the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00513-00117489-00117755 development of the biofilm the initial
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00514-00117756-00117965 illustration of AI dynamics considered
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00515-00117966-00118196 how environmentally fluctuating oxygen
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00516-00118197-00118406 availability affects the diversity and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00517-00118407-00118592 composition of a community of dentro
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00518-00118593-00118763 fiying bacteria that induced the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00519-00118764-00119015 denitrification pathway under anoxic or
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00520-00119016-00119333 low oxygen conditions the study explores
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00521-00119333-00119536 the hypothesis that the existence of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00522-00119538-00119771 diverse strategies of denitrification in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00523-00119772-00119930 an environment can be explained by
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00524-00119931-00120136 solely assuming that faster response
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00525-00120138-00120404 incurs a higher cost the agent-based
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00526-00120405-00120638 model suggests that if metabolic
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00527-00120639-00120815 pathways can be switched without cost
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00528-00120816-00120982 the faster the switching the better
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00529-00120983-00121277 however where faster switching incurs a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00530-00121278-00121481 higher cost there is a strategy with
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00531-00121482-00121706 optimal response time for any frequency
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00532-00121707-00121880 of environmental fluctuations
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00533-00121881-00122141 this suggests that different types of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00534-00122142-00122308 dent refining strategies win in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00535-00122309-00122594 different biological environments since
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00536-00122595-00122804 this introduction the applications of AI
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00537-00122805-00123032 dynamics continues to increase a recent
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00538-00123033-00123248 exploration of the plasmid invasion in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00539-00123249-00123548 biofilms being one example this study
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00540-00123549-00123716 explored the hypothesis
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00541-00123717-00123932 poor plasmid spread in biofilms is
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00542-00123933-00124151 caused by a dependence of conjugation on
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00543-00124152-00124307 the growth rate of the plasma donor
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00544-00124308-00124574 agent through simulation the paper
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00545-00124575-00124796 suggests that plasmid invasion into a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00546-00124797-00125021 resident biofilm is only limited when
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00547-00125022-00125275 plasmid transfer depends on growth
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00548-00125276-00125509 sensitivity analysis techniques were
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00549-00125510-00125690 employed that suggests parameters
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00550-00125691-00125915 relating to timing lag before plasmid
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00551-00125916-00126109 transfer between agents and spatial
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00552-00126110-00126283 reach are more important for plasmid
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00553-00126284-00126458 invasion into a biofilm than the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00554-00126458-00126602 receiving agents growth rate or
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00555-00126603-00126823 probability of segregation a loss
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00556-00126824-00127103 further examples that use I Dena mcc's
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00557-00127104-00127301 continue to be published including use
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00558-00127302-00127469 of ID anomic syn modeling of a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00559-00127470-00127688 Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm with
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00560-00127689-00127901 glucose substrate i dynamics has been
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00561-00127902-00128078 developed by an international team of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00562-00128079-00128279 researchers in order to provide a common
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00563-00128280-00128485 platform for further development of all
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00564-00128486-00128699 individual based models of microbial
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00565-00128700-00128986 biofilms and suchlike the model was
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00566-00128988-00129188 originally the result of years of work
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00567-00129189-00129440 by laurent Lardon brian murky and Jan
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00568-00129441-00129638 Ullrich craft with code contributions
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00569-00129639-00129883 from joao's Avior with additional
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00570-00129884-00130040 funding from the National Center for
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00571-00130041-00130268 replacement refinement and reduction of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00572-00130269-00130607 animals in research nc3 rupees in 2013
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00573-00130608-00130820 the development of ID anomic saz a tool
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00574-00130821-00131057 for Biological exploration continues
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00575-00131058-00131264 apace with new features being added when
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00576-00131265-00131540 appropriate from its inception the team
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00577-00131541-00131726 have committed to releasing AI dynamics
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00578-00131727-00131882 as an open-source platform
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00579-00131883-00132077 encouraging collaborators to develop
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00580-00132078-00132257 additional functionality that can then
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00581-00132258-00132448 be merged into the next stable release
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00582-00132449-00132731 ID anomic says been implemented in the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00583-00132732-00132938 java programming language with matlab
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00584-00132939-00133130 and our scripts provided to analyze
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00585-00133131-00133415 results biofilm structures that are
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00586-00133416-00133610 formed in simulation can be viewed as a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00587-00133611-00133817 movie using pas vrai files that are
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00588-00133818-00134343 generated as the simulation is run
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00589-00134344-00134652 mammary stem cell enrichment following
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00590-00134653-00135148 irradiation during puberty
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00591-00135149-00135380 experiments have shown that exposure to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00592-00135381-00135617 ionizing radiation of pubertal mammary
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00593-00135618-00135806 glands results in an increase in the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00594-00135807-00136028 ratio of mammary stem cells in the gland
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00595-00136029-00136316 this is important because stem cells are
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00596-00136317-00136484 thought to be key targets for cancer
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00597-00136485-00136733 initiation by ionizing radiation because
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00598-00136734-00136844 they have the greatest long-term
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00599-00136845-00137072 proliferated potential and mutagenic
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00600-00137073-00137240 events persist in multiple daughter
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00601-00137241-00137332 cells
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00602-00137333-00137603 additionally epidemiology data showed
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00603-00137604-00137780 that children exposed to ionizing
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00604-00137781-00137975 radiation have a substantially greater
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00605-00137976-00138266 breast cancer risk than adults these
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00606-00138267-00138437 experiments thus prompted questions
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00607-00138438-00138653 about the underlying mechanism for the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00608-00138654-00138857 increase in mammary stem cells following
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00609-00138858-00139106 radiation in this research article
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00610-00139107-00139448 titled irradiation of juvenile but not
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00611-00139449-00139727 adult mammary gland increases stem cell
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00612-00139728-00139955 self-renewal and estrogen receptor
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00613-00139956-00140336 negative tumors to agent-based models
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00614-00140337-00140513 were developed and were used in parallel
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00615-00140514-00140768 with in vivo and in vitro experiments to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00616-00140769-00140966 evaluate cell inactivation the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00617-00140967-00141152 differentiation via epithelial
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00618-00141153-00141371 mesenchymal transition EMT and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00619-00141372-00141578 self-renewal symmetric division as
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00620-00141579-00141782 mechanisms by which radiation could
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00621-00141783-00142053 increase stem cells
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00622-00142054-00142318 the first agent-based model is a multi
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00623-00142319-00142497 scale model of mammary gland development
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00624-00142498-00142716 starting with a rudimentary mammary
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00625-00142717-00142887 ductal tree at the onset of puberty
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00626-00142888-00143115 during active proliferation all the way
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00627-00143116-00143310 to a full mammary gland at adulthood
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00628-00143311-00143493 when there is little proliferation the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00629-00143494-00143763 model consists of millions of agents
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00630-00143764-00143952 with each agent representing a mammary
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00631-00143953-00144162 stem cell a progenitor cell or a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00632-00144163-00144410 differentiated cell in the breast
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00633-00144411-00144612 simulations were first run on the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00634-00144613-00144781 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00635-00144782-00145038 lawrencium supercomputer to parameterize
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00636-00145039-00145227 and benchmark the model against a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00637-00145228-00145410 variety of in vivo mammary gland
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00638-00145411-00145671 measurements the model was then used to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00639-00145672-00145851 test the three different mechanisms to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00640-00145852-00146056 determine which one led to simulation
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00641-00146057-00146247 results that matched in vivo experiments
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00642-00146248-00146577 the best surprisingly radiation-induced
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00643-00146578-00146790 cell inactivation by death did not
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00644-00146791-00146979 contribute to increased stem cell
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00645-00146980-00147165 frequency independently of the dose
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00646-00147166-00147438 delivered in the model instead the model
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00647-00147439-00147588 revealed that the combination of
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00648-00147589-00147756 increased self renewal and cell
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00649-00147757-00147948 proliferation during puberty led to
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00650-00147949-00148197 stem-cell enrichment in contrast
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00651-00148198-00148446 epithelial mesenchymal transition in the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00652-00148447-00148632 model was shown to increase stem cell
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00653-00148633-00148848 frequency not only in pubertal mammary
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00654-00148849-00149148 glands but also in adult gland this
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00655-00149149-00149376 latter prediction however contradicted
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00656-00149377-00149595 the in vivo data irradiation of adult
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00657-00149596-00149811 mammary glands did not lead to increased
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00658-00149812-00150114 stem cell frequency these simulations
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00659-00150115-00150339 therefore suggested self renewal as the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00660-00150340-00150558 primary mechanism behind pubertal stem
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00661-00150559-00150771 cell increase
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00662-00150772-00151071 to further evaluate self-renewal as the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00663-00151072-00151311 mechanism ii agent-based model was
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00664-00151312-00151485 created to simulate the growth dynamics
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00665-00151486-00151707 of human mammary epithelial cells
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00666-00151708-00151902 containing stem progenitor and
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00667-00151903-00152129 differentiated self subpopulations in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00668-00152130-00152436 vitro after irradiation by comparing the
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00669-00152437-00152646 simulation results with data from the in
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00670-00152647-00152925 vitro experiments ii agent-based model
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00671-00152926-00153096 further confirmed that cells must
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00672-00153097-00153282 extensively proliferate to observe a
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00673-00153283-00153510 self-renewal dependent increase in stem
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00674-00153511-00153665 progenitor cell numbers after
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00675-00153666-00153877 irradiation
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00676-00153878-00154141 the combination of the two agent based
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00677-00154142-00154315 models and the in vitro in vivo
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00678-00154316-00154552 experiments provide insight into why
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00679-00154553-00154795 children exposed to ionizing radiation
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00680-00154796-00154969 have a substantially greater breast
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00681-00154970-00155254 cancer risk than adults together they
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00682-00155255-00155452 support the hypothesis that the breast
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00683-00155453-00155638 is susceptible to a transient increase
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00684-00155639-00155881 in stem cell self-renewal when exposed
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00685-00155882-00156068 to radiation during puberty which
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00686-00156069-00156247 Prime's the adult tissue to develop
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00687-00156248-00156704 cancer decades later
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00688-00156705-00157535 see also autonomous agent intelligent
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00689-00157536-00157854 agent
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00690-00157855-00158234 references
+rgr3Y3rrJZy-00691-00158235-00158441 you
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00000-00000504-00000790 ah
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00001-00000791-00000910 okay so
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00002-00000911-00001023 [Music]
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00003-00001024-00001158 welcome to the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00004-00001159-00001262 uh
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00005-00001263-00001439 seminar today
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00006-00001440-00001574 we have
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00007-00001575-00001655 kim
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00008-00001655-00001918 as a speaker
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00009-00001919-00002263 he is from the university to one
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00010-00002264-00002399 in seoul
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00011-00002400-00002534 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00012-00002535-00002799 as a summary of his
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00013-00002800-00002934 trajectory
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00014-00002935-00003263 he studied a degree in physics
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00015-00003264-00003463 right in caltech
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00016-00003464-00003870 then he did the psd also in caltech with
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00017-00003871-00004070 gilrafel
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00018-00004071-00004286 then he moves to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00019-00004287-00004575 korea he moves back to korea
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00020-00004576-00004895 and then he spent there three years
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00021-00004896-00004999 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00022-00005000-00005270 three and four three four years
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00023-00005271-00005367 and then
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00024-00005368-00005518 for apostol
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00025-00005519-00005886 and then he moved again to germany
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00026-00005887-00006111 to the university of cologne
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00027-00006112-00006231 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00028-00006232-00006478 and after that then he
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00029-00006479-00006887 returned to seoul as a system professor
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00030-00006888-00007334 his expertise is on is on topological
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00031-00007336-00007455 systems
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00032-00007456-00007542 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00033-00007543-00007727 he is going to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00034-00007728-00007831 give this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00035-00007831-00007974 talk on
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00036-00007975-00008151 the political clock
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00037-00008152-00008374 okay thank you very much
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00038-00008375-00008463 thank you
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00039-00008464-00008767 for very kind interaction
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00040-00008768-00009071 so everybody can hear me in the room and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00041-00009072-00009663 we're seeing the zoom
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00042-00009664-00009887 okay
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00043-00009888-00010183 so i found um yesterday when i attend
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00044-00010184-00010438 the roberto's internal group
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00045-00010439-00010783 seminar i saw this super relaxed
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00046-00010784-00010959 atmosphere like
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00047-00010960-00011167 bonfire just sit here and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00048-00011168-00011471 didn't prepare ppt but just scroll down
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00049-00011472-00011774 the papers and telling us what is going
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00050-00011775-00012078 on so i was actually shocked
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00051-00012079-00012295 because i assumed that that was actually
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00052-00012296-00012438 a seminar but
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00053-00012439-00012574 it was a
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00054-00012575-00012902 group seminar so i understand now
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00055-00012903-00013135 so my name is kun or kem
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00056-00013136-00013447 and my the first name is kuno but
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00057-00013447-00013630 many people
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00058-00013631-00013886 when i introduce myself kunu they don't
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00059-00013887-00014238 remember my name so i just say kun then
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00060-00014240-00014422 they got my name
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00061-00014423-00014711 and from chung ang university which is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00062-00014712-00014991 located in seoul in south korea
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00063-00014991-00015335 it is also called cau
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00064-00015336-00015447 so
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00065-00015447-00015679 if you have a chance to visit seoul then
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00066-00015680-00016199 please let me know i can invite you
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00067-00016200-00016383 so i prepare um
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00068-00016384-00016543 one slide
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00069-00016544-00016847 to tell you where i am and where the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00070-00016848-00017111 some scenery of the soul
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00071-00017112-00017358 actually i found these pictures
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00072-00017359-00017558 much nicer than
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00073-00017559-00017727 it is yeah
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00074-00017728-00018135 maybe some girl no
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00075-00018136-00018279 this is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00076-00018280-00018630 it's hard to believe this is over
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00077-00018631-00018822 so it's quite big city
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00078-00018823-00019127 it's like this it's um 20 kilometers
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00079-00019128-00019247 across
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00080-00019248-00019463 and jung university is located right
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00081-00019464-00019575 here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00082-00019576-00019839 so quite near the center of the soil and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00083-00019840-00020094 you cannot you can enjoy nice running
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00084-00020095-00020279 and mountaining
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00085-00020280-00020486 so on so
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00086-00020487-00020703 it's a nice place to visit
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00087-00020704-00021519 at least once in your life
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00088-00021520-00021727 this is online on my top
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00089-00021728-00022063 i do study with three keywords one of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00090-00022064-00022311 them is disorder this is quantity time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00091-00022312-00022486 independent
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00092-00022487-00022775 and i studied topological system that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00093-00022776-00022950 has topological response which is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00094-00022951-00023143 quantized
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00095-00023144-00023430 at the same time the system has
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00096-00023431-00023742 periodic time drag driven
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00097-00023743-00023883 that require
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00098-00023884-00024230 broken and the presentation today is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00099-00024231-00024439 related to the three keyword at the same
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00100-00024440-00024575 time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00101-00024576-00024783 so this order related to endless
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00102-00024784-00024975 localization
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00103-00024976-00025230 so for 1d and 2d no matter how
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00104-00025231-00025414 small amount of disorder you have in the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00105-00025415-00025702 system in the thermodynamic at zero
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00106-00025704-00025950 temperature your system goes to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00107-00025951-00026255 insulating phase from the metallic
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00108-00026256-00026502 so 3d system you have a critical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00109-00026504-00026711 disorder strength to make the transition
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00110-00026712-00026918 from method to insulator but it is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00111-00026919-00027223 tracking to know that for 1d and 2d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00112-00027224-00027439 as soon as you introduce solder it
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00113-00027439-00027631 becomes insulator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00114-00027632-00028046 this i will elaborate more later
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00115-00028047-00028246 and flo ketoplastic
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00116-00028247-00028399 insulator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00117-00028400-00028735 and floccatopological matter as opposed
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00118-00028736-00029111 to insulator that is later subject to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00119-00029112-00029367 anderson localization in the presence of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00120-00029368-00029727 conscious disorder
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00121-00029727-00029999 and flocca topological matter
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00122-00030000-00030118 avoiding
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00123-00030119-00030311 endless localization
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00124-00030312-00030655 so this system is not localized even in
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00125-00030656-00030987 the presence of disorder that require
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00126-00030988-00031318 topology but in the presence of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00127-00031319-00031455 periodic drive
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00128-00031456-00031807 therefore i call broken
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00129-00031808-00032095 so these two topics that we work
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00130-00032095-00032270 uh i work with my collaborators in
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00131-00032272-00032511 germany based on cologne
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00132-00032512-00032823 and we have our two papers published and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00133-00032824-00033646 one last one which is in preparation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00134-00033647-00033895 so let me start with the imaginary
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00135-00033896-00034151 conversation between three figures
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00136-00034152-00034567 heisenberg and blow and anderson later
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00137-00034568-00034823 so only 20th century like famous
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00138-00034824-00035111 physicists like druid and zomerfelt they
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00139-00035112-00035367 knew that if they assume free electron
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00140-00035368-00035623 picture in solids they can explain many
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00141-00035624-00035855 things heat conduction and electric
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00142-00035856-00035983 conductions
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00143-00035984-00036143 but they do not really have a
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00144-00036144-00036399 microscopic understanding why free
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00145-00036400-00036727 electron pictures work well
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00146-00036728-00036983 if you look at the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00147-00036984-00037167 solids
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00148-00037168-00037359 there is a periodic potential because of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00149-00037360-00037527 the atoms
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00150-00037528-00037671 what that means is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00151-00037672-00037887 mean free path of the electron in the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00152-00037888-00038087 system is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00153-00038088-00038223 atomic level
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00154-00038224-00038446 lattice spacing
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00155-00038447-00038639 that is too short to explain any
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00156-00038640-00038895 experimental result
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00157-00038896-00039174 so people are positive how come
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00158-00039175-00039495 if the mean free pass is only spacing
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00159-00039496-00039895 the metallic phase is possible
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00160-00039896-00040167 so heisenberg gave this question to his
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00161-00040168-00040471 first graduate student flo
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00162-00040472-00040879 and blo got the answer
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00163-00040880-00041190 by the straightforward thread analysis
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00164-00041191-00041518 he found the electrons in solid
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00165-00041519-00041783 periodic potential in space they move
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00166-00041784-00042087 like a plane wave
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00167-00042088-00042358 and they have a picture like a wave
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00168-00042359-00042551 and translucent endurance
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00169-00042552-00042758 system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00170-00042759-00043015 after they answer this they are posited
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00171-00043016-00043199 by the opposite question
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00172-00043200-00043423 in the beginning
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00173-00043424-00043535 they say
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00174-00043536-00043767 how come metallic phase is possible if
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00175-00043768-00044135 the mean breakpass is too short
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00176-00044136-00044223 now
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00177-00044224-00044471 they have electron which is delocalized
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00178-00044472-00044607 in the system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00179-00044608-00044695 then
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00180-00044696-00044935 they have a problem to imagine how come
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00181-00044936-00045471 insulating phases possible in the system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00182-00045472-00045679 so this is the first of quantum theory
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00183-00045680-00045815 of solid
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00184-00045816-00046127 and answer of the presence of insulating
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00185-00046128-00046423 phase is the product of band gap theory
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00186-00046424-00046983 fan theory of solid
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00187-00046984-00047302 if anderson was hearing the conversation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00188-00047303-00047646 between blo and heisenberg and you say
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00189-00047647-00047886 great gentlemen when systems are
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00190-00047887-00048118 disordered in 1d and 2d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00191-00048119-00048343 they become insulating phase in the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00192-00048344-00048918 thermodynamic at zero time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00193-00048919-00049127 there are even further development in
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00194-00049128-00049311 monoclonal physics
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00195-00049312-00049574 even in the presence of disorder
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00196-00049575-00049783 metallic phases are possible there are
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00197-00049784-00049958 some examples
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00198-00049959-00050295 at the critical point
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00199-00050296-00050543 between two topologically different
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00200-00050544-00050799 insulating phase system behave like
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00201-00050800-00051030 metallic
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00202-00051031-00051238 there are topologically protected
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00203-00051239-00051494 boundary modes
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00204-00051495-00051719 at the surface of topological insulators
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00205-00051720-00052063 or topological spray conductor
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00206-00052064-00052375 and their topological flock matter
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00207-00052376-00053111 that i'm gonna talk in this presentation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00208-00053112-00053359 so feel free feel free to interrupt me
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00209-00053360-00053742 for any questions
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00210-00053744-00054175 this is the paper by anderson in 1957
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00211-00054176-00054382 let me read the title of the paper which
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00212-00054383-00054487 is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00213-00054488-00054682 absence of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00214-00054683-00055038 division there is no division system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00215-00055039-00055342 in certain random
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00216-00055344-00055550 he assumed onsite random clinical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00217-00055551-00055911 potential in time binding model
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00218-00055912-00056054 and lattice
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00219-00056055-00056287 here the keyword certain
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00220-00056288-00056471 now we understand that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00221-00056472-00056711 the system he considered belong to time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00222-00056712-00057350 reversal symmetric system and spins
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00223-00057351-00057663 only in the system and 1d and 2d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00224-00057664-00057830 he found that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00225-00057832-00058479 the system is without division
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00226-00058479-00058711 let me show the type binding model which
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00227-00058712-00059054 is very simple spin is one band
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00228-00059055-00059279 the first term is hopping
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00229-00059279-00059463 from set n
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00230-00059464-00059647 to side m
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00231-00059648-00060071 with constant amplitude t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00232-00060072-00060223 and every side
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00233-00060224-00060335 it has
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00234-00060336-00060438 potential
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00235-00060439-00060806 which is psych and dependent
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00236-00060807-00061079 in this setup he found that system is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00237-00061079-00062071 insulating
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00238-00062072-00062247 okay
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00239-00062248-00062542 this figure tells you more about
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00240-00062544-00062726 anderson transition
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00241-00062727-00063166 for different dimensions
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00242-00063167-00063254 here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00243-00063255-00063479 this is better function
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00244-00063479-00063703 that we really like
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00245-00063704-00063847 the physical meaning of the beta
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00246-00063848-00064054 function is like this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00247-00064055-00064247 if you look at this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00248-00064248-00064654 in the denominator this is d l over air
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00249-00064655-00064966 you change system size not only length
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00250-00064967-00065342 but cross-sectional area
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00251-00065344-00065663 and what's the change of conductance
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00252-00065664-00066087 the fraction of change is dg over g
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00253-00066088-00066175 say
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00254-00066176-00066406 the size of the system is increased by
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00255-00066407-00066550 one percent
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00256-00066551-00066750 then denominator is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00257-00066751-00067150 like 0.01
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00258-00067151-00067359 in the case your conductance of the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00259-00067360-00067687 system will increase or decrease
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00260-00067688-00067943 that's the question
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00261-00067944-00068215 if the conductors increase as you make
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00262-00068216-00068463 system size larger and larger
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00263-00068464-00068703 then in the thermal diving limit
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00264-00068704-00068982 the conductance is increasing
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00265-00068983-00069359 so let me call method
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00266-00069360-00069447 if
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00267-00069448-00069647 increasing system size
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00268-00069648-00069894 conductance is decreasing
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00269-00069895-00070055 this beta function
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00270-00070056-00070247 will be negative
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00271-00070248-00070431 what that means is as you increase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00272-00070432-00070759 system size conductance goes to converge
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00273-00070760-00071071 to zero
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00274-00071072-00071279 if you know better function you will
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00275-00071280-00071582 know the destiny of the phase of matter
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00276-00071583-00071967 when it comes to transport
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00277-00071968-00072415 if i assume the ohm's law
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00278-00072416-00072550 can i
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00279-00072551-00073135 can i write down
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00280-00073136-00073447 this also provide typical scaling of the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00281-00073448-00073599 conductance
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00282-00073600-00073838 with decision size
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00283-00073839-00074191 conductance is lower
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00284-00074192-00074447 if the length is larger
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00285-00074448-00074559 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00286-00074560-00074750 it is proportional to cross-sectional
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00287-00074751-00074871 area
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00288-00074872-00075015 this is air
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00289-00075016-00075135 power of two
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00290-00075136-00075359 or a three-dimensional system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00291-00075360-00075591 this is air for a bomb or
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00292-00075592-00075767 two-dimensional system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00293-00075768-00076047 so this is cross-sectional area
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00294-00076048-00076262 therefore system size carrying of the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00295-00076263-00076606 converters according to ohm's law
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00296-00076607-00076782 that is varied
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00297-00076783-00077103 if the system is diffusive metallic
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00298-00077104-00077279 and this is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00299-00077280-00077679 l of b minus 2.
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00300-00077680-00078031 and if you compute the beta function
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00301-00078032-00078247 for ohms matter
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00302-00078248-00078494 then you got the fourth correction
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00303-00078495-00078647 d minus 2
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00304-00078648-00079143 that's precisely the power of this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00305-00079144-00079238 so
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00306-00079239-00079591 if the system's dimension is 3
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00307-00079592-00079767 this is positive
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00308-00079768-00080006 this is if the dimension is one
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00309-00080007-00080247 this is negative
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00310-00080248-00080455 so it tells us that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00311-00080456-00080671 three-dimensional system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00312-00080672-00080919 may go to metallic phase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00313-00080920-00081111 on the other hand for one dimensional
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00314-00081112-00081238 system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00315-00081239-00081447 it goes to insulating phase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00316-00081448-00081791 when system size is infinite
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00317-00081792-00082062 what about 2d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00318-00082063-00082206 the zeros
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00319-00082207-00082391 correction is zero
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00320-00082392-00082647 for 2d we have to look next collection
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00321-00082648-00082950 as a function of 1 over g
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00322-00082951-00083679 this part we want to know
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00323-00083680-00083894 one message here is that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00324-00083895-00084150 dimension plays a very important role
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00325-00084151-00084423 for the anderson transition
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00326-00084424-00084599 the zeroth collection
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00327-00084600-00084767 comes from dimension if you know
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00328-00084768-00084999 dimension of the system depends on where
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00329-00085000-00085159 electrons living
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00330-00085160-00085350 then you know the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00331-00085351-00085775 zeros correction of this beta function
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00332-00085776-00086182 for 2d it gets more interesting
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00333-00086183-00086543 it depends on symmetry
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00334-00086544-00086679 here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00335-00086680-00086894 is a calculation for time reversal
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00336-00086895-00087175 symmetric system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00337-00087176-00087462 however one of them is spanish
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00338-00087463-00087638 say single band
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00339-00087639-00087903 the other is spin foot it has spin up
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00340-00087904-00088111 and down and they are coupled by spin
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00341-00088112-00088359 recoupling
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00342-00088360-00088631 they belong to different symmetric class
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00343-00088632-00088775 and therefore they have different
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00344-00088776-00088975 corrections
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00345-00088976-00089135 the different correction is not only
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00346-00089136-00089438 magnitude or sign
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00347-00089439-00089782 for t scale 1 this is orthogonal class
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00348-00089783-00090006 it has negative
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00349-00090007-00090206 for dimension 2
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00350-00090207-00090471 beta function is negative
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00351-00090472-00090799 therefore we expect that system goes to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00352-00090800-00091247 insulating phase in the thermodynamic
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00353-00091248-00091550 for spin-off couple system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00354-00091551-00091838 t squared minus 1 is belong to a simpler
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00355-00091839-00091935 class
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00356-00091936-00092199 it has positive
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00357-00092200-00092462 that means we expect there is better to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00358-00092463-00093271 insular transition at some point
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00359-00093272-00093438 this is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00360-00093439-00093679 better function diagram again
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00361-00093680-00093959 for 2d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00362-00093960-00094406 please focus on green and yellow
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00363-00094407-00094543 this is for
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00364-00094544-00094894 apological trivia situation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00365-00094895-00095111 for the first case
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00366-00095112-00095335 even though this is really small
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00367-00095336-00095582 beta function is negative
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00368-00095583-00095894 and it flows to insulating phase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00369-00095895-00096015 that means
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00370-00096016-00096262 because beta function is negative as you
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00371-00096263-00096455 increase system size conductance
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00372-00096456-00096726 converts to zero
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00373-00096727-00096847 however
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00374-00096848-00097167 for the second case simpler case
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00375-00097168-00097391 system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00376-00097392-00097735 if your system's conductance was here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00377-00097736-00097999 then beta function is positive and it
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00378-00098000-00098311 flows to metallic phase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00379-00098312-00098599 however if your system's conductance was
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00380-00098600-00098774 not so large
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00381-00098775-00098950 and was here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00382-00098951-00099150 then corresponding beta function is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00383-00099151-00099303 negative
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00384-00099304-00099791 and conductance decrease to zero
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00385-00099792-00099991 so far i talked about
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00386-00099992-00100311 dimension and symmetry in endoscopy
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00387-00100312-00100526 anderson transition
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00388-00100527-00100791 now the third key word topology
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00389-00100792-00100935 play some
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00390-00100936-00101191 also very crucial role in the anderson
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00391-00101192-00101391 transition
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00392-00101392-00101806 please look theta equals pi line
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00393-00101807-00102071 as opposed to theta equals zero which
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00394-00102072-00102294 was topologically triggered
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00395-00102295-00102478 now system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00396-00102479-00102694 this curve mechatron
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00397-00102695-00102830 here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00398-00102831-00103247 conductance which is horizontal axis
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00399-00103248-00103447 it doesn't go
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00400-00103448-00103654 all the way to the left
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00401-00103655-00103878 meaning negative infinite
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00402-00103879-00104278 which is zero conductance
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00403-00104279-00104471 however
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00404-00104472-00104799 if you look if you follow this line
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00405-00104800-00105063 the system's conductance is converging
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00406-00105064-00105254 to right here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00407-00105255-00105639 it is critical metallic
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00408-00105640-00105847 also for simpler class
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00409-00105848-00106247 with spinal cords coupling
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00410-00106248-00106543 even though your system was subject to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00411-00106544-00106823 endless localization for topological
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00412-00106824-00107007 trigger system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00413-00107008-00107263 when your system is topological
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00414-00107264-00107358 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00415-00107359-00107719 this curve mechatron and conductance of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00416-00107720-00107910 the system is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00417-00107911-00108175 converging right here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00418-00108176-00108366 this is the conductance at the critical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00419-00108367-00108847 metallic phase for a simpler class
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00420-00108848-00109071 so starting off
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00421-00109072-00109319 i give you an example
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00422-00109320-00109583 that and there's a transition
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00423-00109583-00109823 you have to look first dimension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00424-00109824-00109958 then symmetry
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00425-00109959-00110207 and topology this is three most
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00426-00110208-00110631 important thing in the disorder system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00427-00110632-00110847 so people usually assume that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00428-00110848-00111231 this this order is not good impurities
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00429-00111232-00111375 dirty things
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00430-00111376-00111558 you don't want to consider disorder in
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00431-00111559-00111727 the system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00432-00111728-00112095 because it breaks translucent invariance
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00433-00112096-00112463 however disorder is very convenient it
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00434-00112464-00112766 erases all these microscopic information
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00435-00112767-00112966 in your system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00436-00112967-00113190 and you have to consider something more
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00437-00113191-00113319 universal
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00438-00113320-00113695 it is dimension symmetry and topology
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00439-00113696-00113902 and you got already enough information
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00440-00113903-00114134 about the systems this destiny when it
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00441-00114135-00114686 comes to transport
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00442-00114688-00114934 in this presentation i want to ask the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00443-00114935-00115199 following
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00444-00115200-00115366 in equilibrium
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00445-00115367-00115623 mesolithic mode appear
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00446-00115624-00115927 at the boundary of topological systems
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00447-00115928-00116134 that system is insulating
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00448-00116135-00116358 therefore at the boundary
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00449-00116359-00116583 due to bulk boundary correspondence you
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00450-00116583-00116831 can have germany still mode
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00451-00116832-00117039 which has very nice conductance and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00452-00117040-00117247 people are very interested in its
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00453-00117248-00117615 applications
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00454-00117616-00117871 question is can we build
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00455-00117872-00118071 messageless drum mode
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00456-00118072-00118278 in floquet systems
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00457-00118279-00118423 without
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00458-00118424-00118702 insulating work
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00459-00118703-00119023 so to have this two dimensional
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00460-00119024-00119358 chemistry mode in the static system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00461-00119359-00119775 you need 3d insulating system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00462-00119776-00120023 at the boundary which is 2d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00463-00120024-00120439 you have this directiveness mode
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00464-00120440-00120566 the question is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00465-00120567-00121039 can we build this 2d gamer mode
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00466-00121040-00121119 in
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00467-00121120-00121814 2d block system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00468-00121815-00122295 in principle yes we can do that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00469-00122296-00122407 there is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00470-00122408-00122702 table which is very convenient
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00471-00122703-00122823 that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00472-00122824-00123166 can you find topological gametes
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00473-00123167-00123286 systems
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00474-00123288-00123383 in
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00475-00123383-00123702 which symmetry class and which dimension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00476-00123703-00124031 according to this you can find
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00477-00124032-00124254 5 out of 10 classes
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00478-00124255-00124486 there are systems which is chemists and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00479-00124488-00124654 topological
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00480-00124655-00124975 but this is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00481-00124976-00125190 principal stuff
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00482-00125191-00125343 the question is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00483-00125344-00125647 can we build physical model which do not
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00484-00125648-00126078 rely on long-range hopping
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00485-00126079-00126351 these systems
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00486-00126352-00126623 so we answer this question in our paper
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00487-00126624-00126807 and yes we can do that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00488-00126808-00126927 but
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00489-00126928-00127078 not in
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00490-00127079-00127407 real 2d system but one plus one this is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00491-00127408-00127566 10.
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00492-00127567-00127663 one
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00493-00127664-00127990 space and one synthetic dimension that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00494-00127991-00128502 i'll explain more
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00495-00128503-00128623 let me move
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00496-00128624-00129078 from anderson transition to 4k systems
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00497-00129079-00129375 block is interesting
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00498-00129376-00129686 in modern
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00499-00129688-00129958 era of science
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00500-00129959-00130095 i think
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00501-00130096-00130375 experimentalists they're so good at
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00502-00130376-00130654 controlling light and time dependence in
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00503-00130655-00130783 the system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00504-00130783-00131023 they can go so low temperature
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00505-00131024-00131223 and they have this external field which
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00506-00131224-00131519 can be electrically orbited
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00507-00131520-00131702 they can apply it in time-dependent
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00508-00131703-00132007 manner
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00509-00132008-00132214 to a degree that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00510-00132215-00132502 this external field can change the phase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00511-00132503-00132639 of matter
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00512-00132640-00132871 this condensed matter of interest they
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00513-00132872-00133047 apply the line they apply the time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00514-00133048-00133311 dependent perturbation so that they want
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00515-00133312-00133414 to see
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00516-00133415-00133799 they want to make it different base
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00517-00133800-00134159 from that opportunity people propose
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00518-00134160-00134447 theoretically how to make topological
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00519-00134448-00134871 matter out of static systems
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00520-00134872-00135047 here is one example
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00521-00135048-00135263 from graphene
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00522-00135264-00135390 they apply
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00523-00135391-00135607 circularly plus light
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00524-00135608-00135751 they open a gap
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00525-00135752-00135951 which is described here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00526-00135952-00136159 and this gap system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00527-00136160-00136414 they claim topological insulator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00528-00136415-00136583 as an evidence
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00529-00136584-00136790 now they have this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00530-00136791-00136983 surrounding circling
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00531-00136984-00137287 chiral as a mod
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00532-00137288-00137614 this is proposed more than 10 years ago
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00533-00137615-00137966 and experimentally realized last year
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00534-00137967-00138302 all right so two years ago
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00535-00138303-00138566 what they measure is this here is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00536-00138567-00138775 graphene
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00537-00138776-00138911 and they put
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00538-00138912-00139302 circularly pressed light on graphene
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00539-00139303-00139439 they apply
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00540-00139440-00139743 voltage across the graphene
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00541-00139744-00140047 let's say this is v-y
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00542-00140048-00140287 if the system is topological there must
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00543-00140288-00140519 be a poor current
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00544-00140520-00140735 that current direction is perpendicular
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00545-00140736-00141054 to the direction of the applied voltage
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00546-00141055-00141311 that's to the leftward
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00547-00141312-00141399 and they
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00548-00141400-00141790 actually found this crown is present
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00549-00141791-00142166 dividing voltage and current they got
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00550-00142167-00142351 four conductance
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00551-00142352-00142623 as a function of energy
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00552-00142624-00142878 and this is very close to number two
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00553-00142879-00143214 which is expected quantized value or
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00554-00143215-00143566 static system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00555-00143567-00143863 that is great achievement
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00556-00143864-00143959 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00557-00143960-00144102 as a theorist
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00558-00144103-00144295 because there is experiment you can do
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00559-00144296-00144447 more
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00560-00144448-00144639 you can
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00561-00144640-00144919 be comfortable to do more theories based
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00562-00144920-00145343 on this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00563-00145344-00145575 there is other
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00564-00145576-00145854 theory and experiment about different
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00565-00145855-00146375 topological floccatopological insulators
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00566-00146376-00146663 here as opposed to graphene they start
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00567-00146664-00147071 from trivial insulator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00568-00147072-00147247 and they applied
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00569-00147248-00147607 light which is connecting valence band
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00570-00147608-00147966 and conduction band
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00571-00147967-00148263 then this valence band energy
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00572-00148264-00148359 jump
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00573-00148360-00148483 to right
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00574-00148484-00148639 here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00575-00148640-00149135 the spin texture of the band will mixed
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00576-00149136-00149414 as a result effective balance band which
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00577-00149415-00149583 is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00578-00149584-00149799 comprised of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00579-00149800-00150135 original balance band in outside which
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00580-00150136-00150295 is this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00581-00150296-00150583 and inside this is from the conduction
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00582-00150584-00150735 band
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00583-00150736-00151023 this is effect effective balance band
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00584-00151024-00151143 combining
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00585-00151144-00151463 the inside of the conduction and outside
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00586-00151464-00151695 of the balance
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00587-00151696-00151854 we have spin
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00588-00151855-00152007 spin texture
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00589-00152008-00152159 in this band
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00590-00152160-00152351 if you compute the number
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00591-00152352-00152654 then that's non-zero
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00592-00152655-00152871 this proposal is also realized in
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00593-00152872-00153063 photonic system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00594-00153064-00153399 photonic crystal sorry
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00595-00153400-00153735 however there are criticisms
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00596-00153736-00153999 one of them is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00597-00154000-00154439 if the system is really insulating
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00598-00154440-00154775 insulator by the definition
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00599-00154776-00155199 there is no low energy station
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00600-00155200-00155502 because of the band gap
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00601-00155503-00155759 to make extension in the insulator you
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00602-00155760-00156039 have to apply higher voltage higher
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00603-00156040-00156359 energy than band gap
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00604-00156360-00156647 however in this driven system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00605-00156648-00156975 this is based on the extension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00606-00156976-00157366 extension makes poor and particle pairs
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00607-00157367-00157687 that allow low energy extension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00608-00157688-00157887 that means the system is not really
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00609-00157888-00158278 strictly insulated in work
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00610-00158279-00158543 even though they have they may have nice
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00611-00158544-00158711 as mod
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00612-00158712-00158878 it doesn't mean that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00613-00158879-00159183 work is insulating
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00614-00159184-00159447 in the presence of this order with a
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00615-00159448-00159759 scatter as a mode and work mode
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00616-00159760-00159983 this close quantization of the whole
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00617-00159984-00160471 conductance may be lost
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00618-00160472-00160711 therefore people need to be smarter
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00619-00160712-00160823 to make
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00620-00160824-00160935 truly
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00621-00160936-00161223 floccatopological insulators
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00622-00161224-00161487 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00623-00161488-00161647 it is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00624-00161648-00161783 people do that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00625-00161784-00161983 by making use
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00626-00161984-00162143 and and there's a localization of the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00627-00162144-00162447 work
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00628-00162448-00162887 let me go
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00629-00162888-00163151 this is the second generation of rocket
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00630-00163152-00163335 apological insulator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00631-00163336-00163614 the previous slide is first generation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00632-00163615-00163854 without any disorder
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00633-00163855-00164063 in this second generation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00634-00164064-00164302 they fully make use of disorder and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00635-00164303-00164838 enters the localization of the system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00636-00164839-00165143 in the driven system it is interesting
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00637-00165144-00165283 when it comes to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00638-00165284-00165783 energy it has domain which is periodic
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00639-00165784-00166143 this domain size is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00640-00166144-00166414 h bar
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00641-00166415-00166502 over
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00642-00166503-00166647 periodicity
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00643-00166648-00166911 this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00644-00166912-00167111 and here when you have
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00645-00167112-00167247 this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00646-00167248-00167511 system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00647-00167512-00168102 there's two ways to close a gap
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00648-00168103-00168238 one of them is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00649-00168239-00168638 you bring the two band to the center
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00650-00168639-00168863 then these two band
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00651-00168864-00168943 mid
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00652-00168944-00169231 and combined tone number is zero
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00653-00169232-00169575 that means top law is quite trivial
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00654-00169576-00169831 topological trigger system you can do
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00655-00169832-00170095 endless localization you put this order
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00656-00170096-00170407 and system go insulating phase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00657-00170408-00170838 then we are happy okay work is insulated
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00658-00170839-00171135 however in this case when system is in
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00659-00171136-00171287 the zero energy
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00660-00171288-00171438 at zero
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00661-00171439-00171678 there is no bulk conduction and there is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00662-00171679-00171887 no edge correction
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00663-00171888-00172071 edge
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00664-00172072-00172231 current
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00665-00172232-00172535 because this edge mode is always between
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00666-00172536-00172751 two bands
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00667-00172752-00172966 and these two bands meet in the center
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00668-00172967-00173447 this is more disappear at the same time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00669-00173448-00173647 but because this is blocker system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00670-00173648-00173975 there's other way to close a gap
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00671-00173976-00174278 that is bring to band to the zone
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00672-00174279-00174511 boundary of the energy
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00673-00174512-00174790 here and here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00674-00174791-00175023 this is the same energy modulus to pi
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00675-00175024-00175295 over t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00676-00175296-00175471 in this case
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00677-00175472-00175663 we let them meet
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00678-00175664-00175975 and exchange topological property
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00679-00175976-00176126 in such a way that they become
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00680-00176127-00176383 topologically trickier
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00681-00176384-00176599 record that only topological trigger
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00682-00176600-00176990 then we can do endless localization
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00683-00176991-00177214 once we have the system we put this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00684-00177215-00177383 order
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00685-00177384-00177735 then burke become insulator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00686-00177736-00178102 at the same time there are chirag mode
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00687-00178103-00178311 so this is what we want
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00688-00178312-00178654 we have nice conduction through the edge
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00689-00178655-00178854 at the same time there is no bulk
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00690-00178855-00179047 current
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00691-00179048-00179223 there may be a scattering between burke
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00692-00179224-00179495 mode and kyra is mode but work mode is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00693-00179496-00179614 insulating
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00694-00179615-00180847 so current is not lost from the edge
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00695-00180848-00181023 let me give you one more remark about
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00696-00181024-00181207 topological classification of the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00697-00181208-00181502 blockade system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00698-00181503-00181702 for the hamiltonian
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00699-00181703-00182038 okay assume clean system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00700-00182039-00182407 you can think about crystal momentum
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00701-00182408-00182966 kx hamiltonian is purity in kx and ky
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00702-00182967-00183214 kx plus 2 pi gives you the same
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00703-00183215-00183575 hamiltonian
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00704-00183576-00183711 therefore
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00705-00183712-00184054 this k x and k y make space which is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00706-00184055-00184399 taurus
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00707-00184400-00184631 say k x is making this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00708-00184632-00184743 blue
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00709-00184744-00184887 and k y
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00710-00184888-00185175 is making this look
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00711-00185176-00185390 every point on plurals
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00712-00185391-00185814 you can say there is a hamiltonian value
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00713-00185815-00186087 and there is a space a hamiltonian
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00714-00186088-00186263 more precisely
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00715-00186264-00186647 there is a space characterized by field
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00716-00186648-00187023 and field stage in the system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00717-00187024-00187311 this stage has spin expectation value
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00718-00187312-00187478 for example
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00719-00187479-00187799 that spin expectation value is a vector
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00720-00187800-00188119 in three-dimensional space
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00721-00188120-00188487 that i indicate with the arrow
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00722-00188488-00188583 therefore
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00723-00188584-00188863 at every point on taurus
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00724-00188864-00189166 there is a point corresponding point on
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00725-00189167-00189511 the surface the steer
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00726-00189512-00189926 between two closed geometric object
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00727-00189927-00190183 there is a mapping
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00728-00190184-00190438 and we can think of if there is a
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00729-00190439-00190726 topologically different mappings in all
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00730-00190727-00191071 available mapping in the system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00731-00191072-00191295 this is how people characterize
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00732-00191296-00191511 topological classification for given
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00733-00191512-00191695 dimension and given
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00734-00191696-00192047 given symmetry
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00735-00192048-00192287 when it comes to flowcast system there's
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00736-00192288-00192583 one more ingredient
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00737-00192584-00192807 there's a time dependence
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00738-00192808-00193223 therefore there's not only kx ky
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00739-00193224-00193343 but there is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00740-00193344-00193495 time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00741-00193496-00193854 the time goes from 0 to the periodicity
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00742-00193855-00194238 of the system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00743-00194239-00194383 the point is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00744-00194384-00194911 any unitary operator u
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00745-00194912-00195311 this can be decomposed into two parts
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00746-00195312-00195478 one part is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00747-00195479-00195711 periodic in time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00748-00195712-00196083 and the other part is time dependent
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00749-00196084-00196471 part for this periodic in time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00750-00196472-00196847 say from zero to one half
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00751-00196848-00197078 unit operator at zero
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00752-00197079-00197223 is equal to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00753-00197224-00197638 u3 operator at time one half that is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00754-00197639-00197735 this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00755-00197736-00197854 therefore
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00756-00197855-00198111 this part of the interoperator is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00757-00198112-00198343 periodic in time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00758-00198344-00198735 not only in two momentum
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00759-00198736-00198975 for this periodicity
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00760-00198976-00199278 we can now do topological classification
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00761-00199279-00199735 of this part of the interpreter
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00762-00199736-00199878 and the other rest
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00763-00199879-00200135 this is we can do classification
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00764-00200136-00200302 following the classification of the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00765-00200303-00200687 hamiltonian
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00766-00200688-00200935 so this classification of the neutral
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00767-00200936-00201063 operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00768-00201064-00201359 has ingredient which is more
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00769-00201360-00201966 than just classification of hamiltonian
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00770-00201967-00202287 and one comment relevant to our study is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00771-00202288-00202559 we do this in the presence of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00772-00202560-00202887 disorder
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00773-00202888-00203087 when you have a disorder
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00774-00203088-00203583 in mixed states at different energy
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00775-00203584-00203863 and here domain of energy is plus minus
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00776-00203864-00204175 pi over t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00777-00204176-00204454 so if your disorder strength is larger
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00778-00204455-00204726 than 2 pi over t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00779-00204727-00204919 then every state in energy they are
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00780-00204919-00205134 mixed
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00781-00205135-00205303 in the presence of this order there is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00782-00205304-00205479 no distinction between different
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00783-00205480-00205927 energies in 4k system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00784-00205928-00206062 in this way
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00785-00206063-00206575 now we are
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00786-00206576-00206775 conveniently
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00787-00206776-00207182 disregard the presence of energy
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00788-00207183-00207486 we deserve into this disorder
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00789-00207487-00208079 and we throughout the concept of energy
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00790-00208080-00208831 disorder make your life easier
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00791-00208832-00208982 now
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00792-00208983-00209175 we are heading to the last part of the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00793-00209176-00209631 presentation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00794-00209632-00209831 so far i talked about anderson
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00795-00209832-00209958 transition
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00796-00209959-00210175 disorder induced method to insulate
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00797-00210176-00210319 transition
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00798-00210319-00210631 and block a system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00799-00210632-00210791 floquet
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00800-00210792-00211198 systems topological classification
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00801-00211200-00211398 and how industrial localization is used
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00802-00211400-00211519 to make
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00803-00211519-00211839 top floccatopological insulators stable
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00804-00211840-00212398 when it comes to topological response
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00805-00212400-00212646 and at one point i talked
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00806-00212648-00212855 that to realize floccatopolosca
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00807-00212856-00213167 insulator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00808-00213167-00213455 i have to make use oneplus one d one
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00809-00213456-00213855 rear space one synthetic dimension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00810-00213856-00214255 that i now introduce
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00811-00214256-00214687 flock operator i'm thinking is like this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00812-00214688-00215015 this is unitary operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00813-00215016-00215398 r is some vector
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00814-00215400-00215542 p is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00815-00215544-00215719 shifting operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00816-00215719-00215958 think about wave function in space which
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00817-00215959-00216358 is localized at one space one position
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00818-00216359-00216534 when i apply
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00819-00216535-00216839 operative plus
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00820-00216840-00217142 what does it do is i shift this wave
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00821-00217144-00217263 function
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00822-00217264-00217423 to the right
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00823-00217423-00217703 this is shifting operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00824-00217704-00217942 when i apply t minus
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00825-00217944-00218294 i shift the wave function to the left
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00826-00218296-00218558 this is very simple
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00827-00218559-00218934 translation translating operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00828-00218935-00219127 it comes with
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00829-00219128-00219215 some
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00830-00219216-00219615 texture in spain spin space
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00831-00219616-00220119 this is giving you rotation of spin
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00832-00220119-00220398 and together this is making uteri
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00833-00220400-00220703 operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00834-00220704-00220863 here are
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00835-00220864-00220982 vectors
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00836-00220983-00221255 they are time dependent
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00837-00221256-00221703 that's the setup i suggest
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00838-00221704-00221958 therefore this neutral operator is time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00839-00221959-00222246 dependent
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00840-00222248-00222398 this vector r
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00841-00222400-00222831 is time dependent
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00842-00222832-00223094 of the utility of the operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00843-00223096-00223271 there are normalization conditions
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00844-00223271-00223558 between rs
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00845-00223559-00223982 sum of squares of ours must be one
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00846-00223983-00224310 in this representation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00847-00224311-00224623 and r is time dependent
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00848-00224623-00224791 so pictorially
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00849-00224792-00224998 at time step p
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00850-00225000-00225215 our vector was this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00851-00225216-00225351 next time step
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00852-00225352-00226079 this vector is shifting sorry rotating
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00853-00226080-00226463 in addition to this clean part
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00854-00226464-00226623 i introduce
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00855-00226623-00226934 disorder part
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00856-00226935-00227406 where i introduce on-site phase disorder
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00857-00227407-00227703 and this is mixing all energies in cause
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00858-00227704-00227975 energy domain its strength is 2 pi over
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00859-00227976-00228182 t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00860-00228183-00228487 because of this disorder interoperator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00861-00228488-00228823 now there is no distinction in energy
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00862-00228823-00228967 what that means is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00863-00228967-00229182 at the same time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00864-00229183-00229446 to get any response in this system i
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00865-00229448-00229598 have to consider
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00866-00229600-00229775 every state in
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00867-00229776-00230294 in the domain in the energy domain
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00868-00230296-00230534 this ut operator gives you time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00869-00230535-00230942 evolution of the wave function
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00870-00230944-00231263 to get wave function at time t starting
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00871-00231264-00231558 from wave function at time 0.
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00872-00231559-00231815 i simply apply
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00873-00231816-00231991 newton operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00874-00231992-00232182 0 1 1 2
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00875-00232183-00232767 2 3 3 4 all the way to d minus one t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00876-00232767-00233039 and each interpolator contain
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00877-00233040-00233358 this order and time dependent clean part
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00878-00233359-00233742 of the interpolator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00879-00233744-00233982 in this way i can get time evolution of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00880-00233983-00234598 the wave function
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00881-00234600-00234791 now
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00882-00234792-00235031 please look
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00883-00235032-00235375 the functional form of the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00884-00235376-00235663 this is the assumption
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00885-00235664-00235742 if
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00886-00235744-00235831 my
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00887-00235832-00236071 time depend on unit operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00888-00236071-00236231 depends on time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00889-00236232-00236503 in this way
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00890-00236504-00236934 t is time steps 1 2 3 4
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00891-00236935-00237151 etc
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00892-00237152-00237342 and there is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00893-00237344-00237734 functional k1 plus omega 1 t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00894-00237735-00237831 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00895-00237832-00238167 time dependence of the u operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00896-00238167-00238591 is only a function of this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00897-00238592-00238806 then what i can do is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00898-00238807-00239134 i can rotate
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00899-00239135-00239303 from the left
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00900-00239304-00239567 to the right
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00901-00239567-00239719 this exponential
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00902-00239719-00239879 omega 1 t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00903-00239880-00240127 d k 1
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00904-00240128-00240271 n minus
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00905-00240271-00240551 so that in the center
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00906-00240552-00240823 i removed time dependence in the unity
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00907-00240823-00241423 operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00908-00241423-00241591 in this time evolution
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00909-00241592-00241758 i have t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00910-00241759-00241991 t minus 1 t minus 1
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00911-00241992-00242198 t minus 2 t minus 2
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00912-00242200-00242591 t minus 3 t minus 3 and so on
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00913-00242592-00242694 so that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00914-00242696-00242942 if i replace
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00915-00242944-00243110 this expression
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00916-00243111-00243263 to here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00917-00243264-00243510 and here everywhere
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00918-00243511-00243903 then there are cancellations
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00919-00243904-00244246 as a result what i got is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00920-00244248-00244510 this vector and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00921-00244511-00244830 repeating operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00922-00244831-00245071 that repeating operator is time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00923-00245071-00245287 independent
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00924-00245288-00245703 it is floquet because it is repeating
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00925-00245704-00245998 starting from wave function at zero
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00926-00246000-00246319 i apply the same operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00927-00246319-00246494 p times
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00928-00246496-00246630 that's broken
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00929-00246631-00246919 that's time period
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00930-00246919-00247063 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00931-00247064-00247223 there's an additional
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00932-00247223-00247406 phase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00933-00247407-00247534 i got
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00934-00247535-00248023 this wave function
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00935-00248023-00248255 what this means is if the time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00936-00248256-00248398 dependence
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00937-00248400-00248567 of uteroplata
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00938-00248567-00248830 is in this form
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00939-00248831-00249015 then we can rotate
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00940-00249016-00249175 the end time evolution of the wave
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00941-00249176-00249367 function
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00942-00249367-00249606 can be combined in such a way
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00943-00249607-00249839 where blockchain
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00944-00249840-00249967 physics
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00945-00249967-00250358 appears
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00946-00250359-00250815 so this is scheme i'm gonna use
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00947-00250816-00251006 i use one frequency
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00948-00251007-00251246 k1 omega1
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00949-00251248-00251439 but i could have used
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00950-00251440-00251663 two frequencies three frequencies and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00951-00251664-00251927 many more
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00952-00251928-00252246 i simply need to replace this part to a
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00953-00252248-00252375 vector form
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00954-00252376-00252510 omega vector
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00955-00252511-00252615 and d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00956-00252616-00252998 k vector
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00957-00253000-00253175 such a system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00958-00253176-00253334 will simulate
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00959-00253335-00253494 one plus
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00960-00253496-00253703 d dimensional system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00961-00253704-00253919 d is number of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00962-00253919-00254471 in commercial frequencies
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00963-00254471-00254630 starting from
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00964-00254631-00254967 one dimensional system which is shifting
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00965-00254967-00255175 to the right or shifting to the right
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00966-00255176-00255367 left
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00967-00255367-00255839 by adding time dependence in such a form
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00968-00255840-00255927 here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00969-00255928-00256215 the resulting dynamics is governed by
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00970-00256216-00256734 two dimensional focus system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00971-00256735-00257167 what is nice about this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00972-00257167-00257391 we can go
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00973-00257392-00257615 we can realize
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00974-00257616-00257823 not so physical system in physical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00975-00257823-00258015 system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00976-00258016-00258263 physical system in 1d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00977-00258264-00258446 but you can generate one synthetic
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00978-00258448-00258567 dimension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00979-00258567-00258719 along which
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00980-00258719-00258982 long range hopping which is not physical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00981-00258983-00259271 can be realized
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00982-00259271-00259479 this is one example
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00983-00259480-00259775 2d process matter
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00984-00259776-00259927 ut
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00985-00259928-00260158 that's the more or less the same form
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00986-00260159-00260527 from the what i showed in the last page
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00987-00260528-00260887 i showed each vectors
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00988-00260888-00261255 that's all there are four elements
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00989-00261256-00261567 here this sigma is also four vector
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00990-00261567-00261903 that's identity and poly matrices one
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00991-00261904-00262543 two three so r vector is for element
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00992-00262544-00262671 r zero
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00993-00262672-00262815 is okay
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00994-00262816-00263079 they're physical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00995-00263080-00263423 okay when you look omega two t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00996-00263424-00263734 please read it as a k2
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00997-00263735-00264006 you have one physical momentum
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00998-00264007-00264206 in x direction
+riyRbu1CGsQ-00999-00264207-00264447 and there is one synthetic dimension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01000-00264448-00264743 that's your k2
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01001-00264744-00265047 this is k2 k2
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01002-00265048-00265215 no problem
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01003-00265216-00265510 okay 2k2 okay that's good
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01004-00265511-00265615 however
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01005-00265616-00265719 here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01006-00265720-00265879 this is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01007-00265880-00266255 our vector comes with absolute value
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01008-00266256-00266551 of sine k2
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01009-00266552-00266719 you can write down
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01010-00266720-00266943 your hamiltonian blue hamiltonian in
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01011-00266944-00267382 terms of absolute value of sine k2
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01012-00267383-00267487 however
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01013-00267488-00267734 we say not physical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01014-00267735-00268039 because in real space if you do 3
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01015-00268040-00268175 transformation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01016-00268176-00268399 k2 into y
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01017-00268400-00268655 then along y direction
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01018-00268656-00268882 the hoping you get is long
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01019-00268883-00269215 range you get infinite number of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01020-00269216-00269334 hoppings
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01021-00269335-00269495 because of this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01022-00269496-00269734 non-analytic function
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01023-00269735-00269951 in k
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01024-00269952-00270230 however in sensor dimension this is not
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01025-00270231-00270375 a problem
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01026-00270376-00270615 we can realize it by
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01027-00270616-00270975 time dependence
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01028-00270976-00271071 here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01029-00271072-00271167 this is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01030-00271168-00271430 operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01031-00271431-00271543 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01032-00271544-00271751 i can draw
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01033-00271752-00272023 effective hamiltonians energy spectrum
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01034-00272024-00272287 in k1 and k2
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01035-00272288-00272591 that is this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01036-00272592-00272847 that is a single copy
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01037-00272848-00273047 of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01038-00273048-00273343 germany's direct variant
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01039-00273344-00273647 the system has time reverse symmetry
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01040-00273648-00273791 and system is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01041-00273792-00274343 spinful with spinal cup oil coupling
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01042-00274344-00274558 this is pictorial description of what's
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01043-00274559-00274710 going on
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01044-00274711-00274847 this is x
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01045-00274848-00275263 that's real space of your system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01046-00275264-00275471 but effectively
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01047-00275472-00275655 the wave function
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01048-00275656-00275882 is playing in the two-dimensional
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01049-00275883-00276206 space along physical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01050-00276207-00276295 space
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01051-00276296-00276382 there's
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01052-00276383-00276599 nearest neighbor hoping only
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01053-00276600-00276934 that's physical we can implement it
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01054-00276935-00277279 however along synthetic dimension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01055-00277280-00277551 there are long range hoppings
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01056-00277552-00278063 because of this non-ionic part
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01057-00278064-00278279 non-only part
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01058-00278280-00278406 i needed
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01059-00278407-00278551 to realize
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01060-00278552-00278687 single copy
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01061-00278688-00278927 of the game's direct thermia
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01062-00278928-00279103 this is to avoid
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01063-00279104-00279710 varying doublings
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01064-00279711-00279975 this is our model
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01065-00279976-00280447 and this is our numerical result
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01066-00280448-00280663 if i this model
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01067-00280664-00280982 is actually the topological flow camera
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01068-00280983-00281391 it has outstanding transport properties
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01069-00281392-00281639 it is not simply diffusive metallic it's
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01070-00281640-00281871 better than that it transports better
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01071-00281872-00282182 conduction
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01072-00282183-00282423 classically if you have diffusive
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01073-00282424-00282647 transport only
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01074-00282648-00282751 then
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01075-00282752-00282967 when you start from the localized wave
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01076-00282968-00283071 function
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01077-00283072-00283343 then
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01078-00283344-00283615 spread diffusively
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01079-00283616-00283903 if you compute expectation value of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01080-00283904-00284095 displacement scale
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01081-00284096-00284310 then it is proportional to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01082-00284311-00284551 time is spread out
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01083-00284552-00284958 with linearly time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01084-00284959-00285206 in quantum systems you have more
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01085-00285207-00285399 scenarios
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01086-00285400-00285599 in the absence of disorder if the system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01087-00285600-00285854 is completely clean
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01088-00285855-00286134 it has ballistic transport
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01089-00286135-00286510 here our square average is increasing
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01090-00286511-00286663 with this care
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01091-00286664-00286991 that's ballistic
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01092-00286992-00287447 if the system is topological matter
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01093-00287448-00287663 it has scaling t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01094-00287664-00287879 log t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01095-00287880-00287975 that is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01096-00287976-00288310 very slightly better than t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01097-00288311-00288406 but
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01098-00288407-00288679 it's still better and numerically you
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01099-00288680-00289015 can verify that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01100-00289016-00289287 if the system is industrialized if the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01101-00289288-00289527 system is insulated
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01102-00289528-00289758 then after some time
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01103-00289759-00289895 this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01104-00289896-00290167 r square set tray there is no spreading
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01105-00290168-00290534 anymore
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01106-00290535-00290854 so i show three situation at the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01107-00290855-00291039 uh in this plot
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01108-00291040-00291167 the left
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01109-00291168-00291271 this is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01110-00291272-00291582 topological matter situation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01111-00291583-00291847 please look at the y-axis
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01112-00291848-00292015 that is scaled
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01113-00292016-00292430 this is delta r squared over t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01114-00292431-00292519 so
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01115-00292520-00292982 this t is to the left hand side
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01116-00292983-00293367 and this is log scale
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01117-00293368-00294647 so what you see is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01118-00294648-00294863 what you're saying is on the left hand
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01119-00294864-00295223 side log
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01120-00295224-00295482 x
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01121-00295483-00295991 square over t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01122-00295992-00296239 for according to the scaling of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01123-00296240-00296615 topological matter in 2d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01124-00296616-00296967 this part is log
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01125-00296968-00297063 t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01126-00297064-00297215 log
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01127-00297216-00297287 t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01128-00297288-00297639 over t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01129-00297640-00298182 that is log log t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01130-00298183-00298671 however our x axis is log t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01131-00298672-00298982 so this is log
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01132-00298983-00299134 x
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01133-00299135-00299319 x prime
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01134-00299320-00299495 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01135-00299496-00299958 please look at the plots
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01136-00299959-00300215 that look like log t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01137-00300216-00300534 log x
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01138-00300535-00300775 so this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01139-00300776-00300982 is the confirmation the numerical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01140-00300983-00301271 confirmation that the model will realize
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01141-00301272-00301663 is float topological matter
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01142-00301664-00301839 on the other hand
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01143-00301840-00301991 these two others
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01144-00301992-00302343 this is different system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01145-00302344-00302543 this is the topology
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01146-00302544-00302703 but without
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01147-00302704-00303039 time reversal symmetry
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01148-00303040-00303158 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01149-00303159-00303295 importantly
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01150-00303296-00303703 this model has same energy spectrum if
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01151-00303704-00303958 you plot the energy spectrum in momentum
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01152-00303959-00304095 space
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01153-00304096-00304415 it has exactly the same shape
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01154-00304416-00304647 but it doesn't have time reversal
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01155-00304648-00304887 symmetry
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01156-00304888-00305158 and it shows completely different
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01157-00305159-00305287 scaling
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01158-00305288-00305471 compare this and this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01159-00305472-00305671 this is time reverse symmetric and this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01160-00305672-00305830 is not
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01161-00305831-00306054 and this is simply just diffusive
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01162-00306055-00306279 metallic
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01163-00306280-00306495 the third situation is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01164-00306496-00306654 endoscopalized
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01165-00306655-00306815 case
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01166-00306816-00307047 it decreases because of this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01167-00307048-00307343 delta x is already saturated but t is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01168-00307344-00307710 still increasing
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01169-00307711-00308015 so yeah this is our main result
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01170-00308016-00308287 okay we have a numerical part and alec
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01171-00308288-00308623 part and i'll assume that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01172-00308624-00308854 i don't want to bore without a little
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01173-00308855-00309375 part of the paper
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01174-00309376-00309710 so let me conclude
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01175-00309711-00309927 i talked today about
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01176-00309928-00310063 floquet
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01177-00310064-00310287 and disorderly induced metal to transit
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01178-00310288-00310527 return to insulin transition
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01179-00310528-00310751 and my research is about combination
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01180-00310752-00311319 between floquet topological and disorder
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01181-00311320-00311615 i only talked good things about our
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01182-00311616-00311743 study
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01183-00311744-00311991 about their assumes assumptions
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01184-00311992-00312158 the one of the assumptions i don't like
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01185-00312159-00312239 is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01186-00312240-00312310 we
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01187-00312311-00312439 assumed
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01188-00312440-00312703 the maximum strength of disorder
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01189-00312704-00312854 so that we don't have a distinction of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01190-00312855-00313095 the energy
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01191-00313096-00313223 that is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01192-00313224-00313463 nice for us to do studies
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01193-00313464-00313606 but
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01194-00313607-00313879 i don't want that i want to also see
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01195-00313880-00314095 weak to intermediate strengths of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01196-00314096-00314358 disorder and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01197-00314359-00314743 anything different will appear
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01198-00314744-00314943 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01199-00314944-00315295 i didn't talk but we also do some
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01200-00315296-00315495 workspace localization
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01201-00315496-00315671 which is related to the model with
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01202-00315672-00315847 interaction
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01203-00315848-00316119 and with professor rosa here we do
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01204-00316120-00316358 thermodynamic uncertain relation in open
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01205-00316359-00316527 entry systems
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01206-00316528-00316812 thank you very much for your attention
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01207-00316813-00317406 [Applause]
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01208-00317407-00317591 so now it's time for
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01209-00317592-00317815 our questions
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01210-00317816-00318167 maybe we have to see if there are some
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01211-00318168-00318534 questions also but
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01212-00318535-00319263 there are not so yes
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01213-00319264-00319487 a question or comment about
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01214-00319488-00319758 your classification in dimensions
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01215-00319759-00319975 and how this relates to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01216-00319976-00320295 the use of quasi dimensions i i refer to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01217-00320296-00320543 the fact once i want the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01218-00320544-00320910 system or quasi to this system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01219-00320911-00321127 a positive 1d when when you have like a
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01220-00321128-00321327 quantum wire but with a transverse
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01221-00321328-00321495 dimension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01222-00321496-00321934 is this equivalent to 1d in your in your
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01223-00321935-00322454 classification
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01224-00322455-00322727 so when you say quasi dimension it is 1d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01225-00322728-00323054 wire with many channels
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01226-00323055-00323271 yeah for us that's a 1d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01227-00323272-00323479 but that's actually
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01228-00323480-00323727 yeah yeah so
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01229-00323728-00324006 when we say 1d or 2d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01230-00324007-00324095 like
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01231-00324096-00324223 this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01232-00324224-00324558 eject the quasi
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01233-00324559-00324863 we always talk about compare the size of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01234-00324864-00325158 the weed and the size of the very
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01235-00325159-00325423 wavelengths
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01236-00325424-00325575 and if the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01237-00325576-00325975 size of the wheel is larger than fermi
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01238-00325976-00326095 wavelength
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01239-00326096-00326439 then this is behaving effectively as 2d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01240-00326440-00326782 and i assume what you talked is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01241-00326783-00326991 this is not the case this the size of
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01242-00326992-00327175 the system is still small compared to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01243-00327176-00327430 wavelengths of the fermi level but there
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01244-00327431-00327615 are many channels
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01245-00327616-00327863 if this is a jose one day you mentioned
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01246-00327864-00328415 then to me this is one day
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01247-00328416-00328878 thanks
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01248-00328879-00329071 i have a question
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01249-00329072-00329143 so
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01250-00329144-00329327 what what would be the experimental
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01251-00329328-00329575 realization of the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01252-00329576-00329854 the model that you showed
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01253-00329855-00330151 that part i didn't include
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01254-00330152-00330647 what i prepared
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01255-00330648-00330823 i will
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01256-00330824-00331006 but this is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01257-00331007-00331215 one realization
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01258-00331216-00331367 but
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01259-00331368-00331671 this is not the only one
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01260-00331672-00332006 this is showing optical network
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01261-00332007-00332191 they can do quantum works
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01262-00332192-00332351 in the 1d 0
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01263-00332352-00332567 and they can do time dependence
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01264-00332568-00332710 by making
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01265-00332711-00332982 this rotation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01266-00332983-00333282 time dependent
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01267-00333283-00333567 here they use classical light
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01268-00333568-00333775 light has two polarization that's like
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01269-00333776-00333951 spin up and down
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01270-00333952-00334127 and they can rotate
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01271-00334128-00334367 the direction of spin of the light using
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01272-00334368-00334558 polarizer
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01273-00334559-00334895 and they have a time dependent polarizer
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01274-00334896-00335143 and shifting operator is implemented
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01275-00335144-00335495 here and here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01276-00335496-00335799 say horizontal and vertical they go
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01277-00335800-00335910 through
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01278-00335911-00336191 different lengths of the wire it gives
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01279-00336192-00336478 you time delay between
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01280-00336479-00336767 horizontal and vertical light
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01281-00336768-00336975 that's effectively give you shifting
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01282-00336976-00337191 operator
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01283-00337192-00337791 between horizontal and vertical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01284-00337792-00338182 so
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01285-00338183-00338543 i guess
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01286-00338544-00338727 that your extra setup look more like
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01287-00338728-00339799 this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01288-00339800-00340087 uh i think you should have strong noise
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01289-00340088-00340215 right that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01290-00340216-00340391 how can you how do you implement the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01291-00340392-00340567 noise then
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01292-00340568-00340734 okay we don't have a noise
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01293-00340735-00340903 what do you mean by noise no time depend
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01294-00340904-00341054 on the source
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01295-00341055-00341310 what is the disorder i mean this one oh
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01296-00341311-00341558 how do we implement the noise okay
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01297-00341559-00341982 let's also
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01298-00341983-00342303 okay sorry i didn't include
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01299-00342304-00342463 that here but
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01300-00342464-00342719 there's a one more unit
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01301-00342720-00343103 oh that gives you a
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01302-00343104-00343463 space dependent phase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01303-00343464-00343663 on the light
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01304-00343664-00343919 so in this setup sorry i didn't really
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01305-00343920-00344095 explain
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01306-00344096-00344206 better
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01307-00344207-00344358 but
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01308-00344359-00344654 time is your space
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01309-00344655-00345063 you shoot the purse
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01310-00345064-00345327 and this purse is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01311-00345328-00345551 circling around the loop
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01312-00345552-00345719 and there are time delays between
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01313-00345720-00345919 depolarization
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01314-00345920-00346199 meaning that as this is circling there's
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01315-00346200-00346487 a spreading of the purse
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01316-00346488-00346863 for horizontal and vertical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01317-00346864-00346991 therefore
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01318-00346992-00347191 this time difference between two
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01319-00347192-00347558 polarization give your lattice spacing
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01320-00347559-00347647 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01321-00347648-00347967 we can include one more unit right here
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01322-00347968-00348239 as a time dependent
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01323-00348240-00348439 phase applied to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01324-00348440-00348815 this light then this is becoming your
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01325-00348816-00349310 the face random phase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01326-00349311-00350519 i see thank you
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01327-00350520-00350647 so
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01328-00350648-00351063 no no more questions
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01329-00351064-00351327 well i i have just one
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01330-00351328-00351463 if this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01331-00351464-00351678 assumption about the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01332-00351679-00352653 disorder
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01333-00352654-00352806 [Music]
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01334-00352807-00353206 if you don't uh consider this assumption
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01335-00353207-00353439 uh then something
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01336-00353440-00353895 can change in your description
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01337-00353896-00354158 if you don't um
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01338-00354159-00354430 if you don't as uh assume that the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01339-00354431-00354767 disorder just mix all the energies
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01340-00354768-00355030 then you will have same
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01341-00355031-00355247 conclusions
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01342-00355248-00355415 what do you think that is going to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01343-00355416-00355815 change i say thank you
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01344-00355816-00356263 i'm also very curious about
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01345-00356264-00356934 let me show you
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01346-00356935-00357199 so this is without this order this is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01347-00357200-00357423 clean system that's why we have a
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01348-00357424-00357687 momentum representation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01349-00357688-00357782 and
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01350-00357783-00358078 say this order strength is maximal to pi
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01351-00358079-00358182 over t
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01352-00358183-00358310 then
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01353-00358311-00358495 2 pi over t is this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01354-00358496-00358758 it makes everywhere
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01355-00358759-00359078 but let's say your disorder is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01356-00359079-00359399 small like as small as
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01357-00359400-00359543 this
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01358-00359544-00359695 then
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01359-00359696-00360063 here states only mix within the band
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01360-00360064-00360487 their state they mix within the band
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01361-00360488-00360647 and they don't they do not talk each
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01362-00360648-00360815 other
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01363-00360816-00361278 so in this case what i expect is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01364-00361279-00361727 systems still remain topological
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01365-00361728-00361871 and there are going to be a critical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01366-00361872-00361999 state
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01367-00362000-00362223 just like static system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01368-00362224-00362463 which is from insulator to metal to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01369-00362464-00362615 insulation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01370-00362616-00362927 like a quantum hall without a high-res
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01371-00362928-00363151 mode and after transition we have a
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01372-00363152-00363319 one-car remote
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01373-00363320-00363623 and there is a another transition
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01374-00363624-00364054 without any kind of mode
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01375-00364055-00364278 such a picture is only available in the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01376-00364279-00364543 presence of weak disorder
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01377-00364544-00364830 because strong disorder order will mix
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01378-00364831-00365182 everything
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01379-00365183-00365406 and in the presence of strong disorder
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01380-00365407-00365687 there's only two phases
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01381-00365688-00365958 actually yeah one is critical metallic
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01382-00365959-00366047 phase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01383-00366048-00366239 and the other is topological insulating
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01384-00366240-00366430 phase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01385-00366431-00366799 however for the weak disorder case
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01386-00366800-00367287 phase diagram will be richer
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01387-00367288-00367567 such a situation like critical metabolic
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01388-00367568-00367871 hydrates more experimentally
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01389-00367872-00367999 this is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01390-00368000-00368215 not available in the presence of strong
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01391-00368216-00368519 disorder so yeah
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01392-00368520-00368839 but yeah numerically this is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01393-00368840-00369110 can be done but analytically it is very
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01394-00369111-00369211 challenging
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01395-00369212-00369406 [Music]
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01396-00369407-00369647 thank you
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01397-00369648-00369943 so there are no more questions
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01398-00369944-00370495 then yes
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01399-00370496-00370806 you consider the zero plus 1d situation
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01400-00370807-00370878 then
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01401-00370879-00371030 is it straightforward can it be
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01402-00371031-00371191 straightforwardly generalized for
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01403-00371192-00371375 example can there be
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01404-00371376-00371671 a pirate edge mode instead of 2d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01405-00371672-00371830 surface
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01406-00371831-00372430 states
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01407-00372431-00372654 so if the space dimension is still
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01408-00372655-00372863 dimensional okay okay okay
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01409-00372864-00373063 yes
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01410-00373064-00373406 everything is possible
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01411-00373407-00373591 whatever you imagine
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01412-00373592-00373815 we can do it in the synthetic dimension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01413-00373816-00374078 there is no physical restriction
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01414-00374079-00374199 zero plus d
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01415-00374200-00374334 zero plus three
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01416-00374335-00374519 zero is four
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01417-00374520-00374702 many dimensions you can
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01418-00374703-00375127 simply add by adding frequencies
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01419-00375128-00375254 but
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01420-00375255-00375551 there may not be open boundary in the
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01421-00375552-00375734 synthetic dimension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01422-00375735-00376023 having open boundary is you can is is
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01423-00376024-00376175 this straightforward in the physical
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01424-00376176-00376391 system there's a system there's no
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01425-00376392-00376687 system this is open boundary
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01426-00376688-00377054 then but synthetic dimension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01427-00377055-00377223 okay there's
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01428-00377224-00377454 it's it's not yeah it's not trivial to
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01429-00377455-00377623 have a resistance
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01430-00377624-00378023 it is infinitely expanded dimension
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01431-00378024-00378319 with random phase
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01432-00378320-00378534 so
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01433-00378535-00378743 the presence of topological boundary
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01434-00378744-00378863 mode
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01435-00378864-00379030 in the system
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01436-00379031-00379230 is not guaranteed
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01437-00379231-00379399 however
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01438-00379400-00379639 topological response
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01439-00379640-00379991 is expected
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01440-00379992-00380230 it is two different things
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01441-00380231-00380382 it may not have
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01442-00380383-00380734 topological boundary mode however it may
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01443-00380735-00380958 have topological response
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01444-00380959-00381471 because of the political work
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01445-00381472-00382119 thank you
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01446-00382120-00382334 so i think that
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01447-00382335-00384902 we can stop here and thanks again
+riyRbu1CGsQ-01448-00384903-00385111 you
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00000-00000142-00001052 kalamazoo any water
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00001-00001053-00002436 haha Buster's their absolute an
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00002-00002437-00003776 artistically the facility in la casa
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00003-00003777-00004218 ever helped alberson out and I would
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00004-00004219-00005052 have water meter to be happy w me kicked
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00005-00005053-00005384 again chasing wouldn't have any hegemony
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00006-00005385-00006173 dual paper was 40 wasn't happy taxon via
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00007-00006174-00006486 TV rotted shadow of half of traffic and
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00008-00006487-00007005 with all of you 20 about Tina's attempt
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00009-00007006-00007424 at lower over her limit exceptionally
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00010-00007425-00007892 well china the top in my HRT webinar a
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00011-00007893-00008213 silicon red doesn't work as long as
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00012-00008214-00008449 everything but here
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00013-00008450-00008885 is a dozen bottles around data to death
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00014-00008886-00009497 penalty damn man team enact any material
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00015-00009498-00010790 Jeff is another country air masala pea
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00016-00010791-00011405 try to imitate in tech camp near asleep
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00017-00011406-00011915 with a mobile photography human
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00018-00011916-00012350 development or EOD Tech's imperative for
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00019-00012351-00012713 areas so the American observable
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00020-00012714-00013118 activity the robot commander to us
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00021-00013119-00013433 alternative for everything that I was so
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00022-00013434-00013931 hard on you alpha heading there serafini
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00023-00013932-00014294 becoming haircuts are critically or
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00024-00014294-00014632 hardly agenda to lower our Subaru tenure
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00025-00014633-00015163 little circle contain venom and Solomon
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00026-00015165-00015572 are ultra magnus business Medical Corps
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00027-00015574-00016125 but any concern mission SP our mission
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00028-00016126-00016446 at acadia we naturally shopping
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00029-00016447-00016935 adversity to say event photographer lady
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00030-00016936-00017244 let out early resolve our team and we do
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00031-00017245-00017595 tomorrow except associate thong he of
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00032-00017596-00017874 the years of the clear motive but i am
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00033-00017875-00018210 still waiting edinburgh dr environment
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00034-00018211-00018528 Katie mentor a together across our
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00035-00018529-00018903 tongue almost a decade ago so again
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00036-00018904-00019356 everything he have I seen on
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00037-00019357-00019995 surveillance both dead double u-turn and
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00038-00019996-00020343 convenient anymore so I thought I will
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00039-00020344-00020883 turn 18 was not that handsome 30 maniana
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00040-00020884-00021321 through lots of other heavenly motor
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00041-00021322-00021603 solar water so we have taco turn same
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00042-00021604-00022169 turn same Dame de Namur are secretly
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00043-00022170-00022572 gather there in soccer became a winner
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00044-00022573-00023211 foreigners have ties the zoo what zoopla
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00045-00023212-00023619 innocent is what have my case a hundred
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00046-00023620-00024102 thousand create the pool dimensional or
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00047-00024103-00024395 feels ordinary don't the nest in the
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00048-00024396-00024879 area dog are no quieres una manera total
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00049-00024880-00025131 crisis to draw a graffiti moment i
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00050-00025132-00025365 really hope i will not offer authoritah
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00051-00025366-00025664 solve puzzle job in st the ties would
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00052-00025666-00025992 have inflamed even hit him harder after
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00053-00025993-00026541 the last 10-15 terminator pushed around
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00054-00026542-00027024 raja lemah gosh we must seem silly when
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00055-00027025-00027336 the talkathon start happening i'll talk
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00056-00027337-00028208 about to be canceled teza steel shank
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00057-00028210-00028512 either go to antagonize cualquier bottom
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00058-00028513-00028808 and wish the michigan tomorrow haha
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00059-00028810-00029163 never dr. bilac CC khoshhalam Oh golly
+rj_AXFTSVEQ-00060-00029164-00029736 gosh ki darga monitor on the steady max
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