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+LJOF-Yqetfc-00000-00000144-00000894 [Music]
+LJOF-Yqetfc-00001-00000896-00001710 then you want to be
+LJOF-Yqetfc-00002-00001711-00002294 [Music]
+LJOF-Yqetfc-00003-00002295-00004467 [Music]
+LJOF-Yqetfc-00004-00004468-00005383 [Music]
+LJOF-Yqetfc-00005-00005384-00008201 [Music]
+LJOF-Yqetfc-00006-00008202-00009883 [Music]
+LJOF-Yqetfc-00007-00009884-00010249 so
+LJOF-Yqetfc-00008-00010250-00011283 [Music]
+LJOF-Yqetfc-00009-00011284-00011532 so
+LJOF-Yqetfc-00010-00011533-00012300 [Music]
+LJOF-Yqetfc-00011-00012301-00014166 [Music]
+LJOF-Yqetfc-00012-00014168-00014376 you
+LN_dRVllmiy-00000-00000520-00000638 welcome back everyone
+LN_dRVllmiy-00001-00000639-00000839 um for the for the grand finale we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00002-00000840-00000966 really appreciate um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00003-00000967-00001150 over the course of the last several days
+LN_dRVllmiy-00004-00001151-00001303 folks making the effort um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00005-00001304-00001503 across various time zones and locales
+LN_dRVllmiy-00006-00001504-00001614 and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00007-00001616-00001847 uh making the effort to be here to what
+LN_dRVllmiy-00008-00001848-00001998 i think is a really really wonderful and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00009-00002000-00002126 productive um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00010-00002127-00002367 session and and uh we want to start of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00011-00002368-00002495 course as we have um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00012-00002496-00002718 to give a land acknowledgement um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00013-00002719-00002831 acknowledging that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00014-00002832-00002991 the conference even though it's virtual
+LN_dRVllmiy-00015-00002992-00003206 is um is situated
+LN_dRVllmiy-00016-00003207-00003463 uh where we where we are situated upon
+LN_dRVllmiy-00017-00003464-00003622 uh traditional and ancestral and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00018-00003623-00003727 unseated land
+LN_dRVllmiy-00019-00003728-00003999 um um so some of us um danielle
+LN_dRVllmiy-00020-00004000-00004167 specifically is in portland um in
+LN_dRVllmiy-00021-00004168-00004270 multnomah county
+LN_dRVllmiy-00022-00004271-00004463 um and there are the ancestral lands of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00023-00004464-00004654 the multnomah the wasco the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00024-00004655-00004902 catholicmed the um clackamas the collets
+LN_dRVllmiy-00025-00004903-00005022 fans of the chinook
+LN_dRVllmiy-00026-00005023-00005343 the tualatin kalapua the malala
+LN_dRVllmiy-00027-00005344-00005543 and many other tribes who made their
+LN_dRVllmiy-00028-00005544-00005686 homes along the columbia and willamette
+LN_dRVllmiy-00029-00005687-00005943 rivers we pay respect to the elders both
+LN_dRVllmiy-00030-00005944-00006118 past and present as well as future
+LN_dRVllmiy-00031-00006119-00006270 generations and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00032-00006271-00006399 this acknowledgment is really meant to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00033-00006400-00006559 demonstrate our commitment to working to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00034-00006559-00006759 dismantle systems of oppression
+LN_dRVllmiy-00035-00006759-00006942 that have displaced indigenous peoples
+LN_dRVllmiy-00036-00006943-00007087 and the ongoing
+LN_dRVllmiy-00037-00007088-00007342 legacies of settler colonialism and and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00038-00007343-00007487 as it says here there's a link and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00039-00007488-00007639 obviously we can provide in the chat as
+LN_dRVllmiy-00040-00007640-00007703 well
+LN_dRVllmiy-00041-00007704-00007903 if you know many of us are focused on
+LN_dRVllmiy-00042-00007904-00008063 year-end giving um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00043-00008064-00008231 and and even trying to do a little bit
+LN_dRVllmiy-00044-00008232-00008383 more if possible this year
+LN_dRVllmiy-00045-00008384-00008599 um the native american family center is
+LN_dRVllmiy-00046-00008600-00008807 is certainly a great uh option uh to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00047-00008808-00008895 consider
+LN_dRVllmiy-00048-00008896-00009135 um and there are obviously local options
+LN_dRVllmiy-00049-00009136-00009519 that that you can look into as well
+LN_dRVllmiy-00050-00009520-00009687 little housekeeping for the last time
+LN_dRVllmiy-00051-00009688-00009846 we'll say this hopefully you know the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00052-00009847-00010006 drill by now but um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00053-00010007-00010231 uh if you have your uh your first name
+LN_dRVllmiy-00054-00010232-00010359 your last name and your project
+LN_dRVllmiy-00055-00010360-00010519 affiliation and your zoom name it makes
+LN_dRVllmiy-00056-00010520-00010655 things a lot easier
+LN_dRVllmiy-00057-00010656-00010927 um i'm not sure if the chat is enabled
+LN_dRVllmiy-00058-00010928-00011038 or disabled at this
+LN_dRVllmiy-00059-00011039-00011263 point but certainly the slack channel is
+LN_dRVllmiy-00060-00011264-00011414 enabled um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00061-00011415-00011599 um folks know of course that we've had
+LN_dRVllmiy-00062-00011600-00011751 uh issues um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00063-00011752-00011991 over the last a little bit with uh with
+LN_dRVllmiy-00064-00011992-00012127 with some zoom bombs
+LN_dRVllmiy-00065-00012128-00012335 um we have folks diligently that are
+LN_dRVllmiy-00066-00012336-00012519 that are working to swap those uh those
+LN_dRVllmiy-00067-00012520-00012631 trolls away
+LN_dRVllmiy-00068-00012632-00012846 um but if you see anything please say
+LN_dRVllmiy-00069-00012847-00013022 something uh you can chime in
+LN_dRVllmiy-00070-00013023-00013294 or you can uh buy the slack let us know
+LN_dRVllmiy-00071-00013295-00013391 um caitlyn
+LN_dRVllmiy-00072-00013391-00013638 and vanessa in particular uh have done
+LN_dRVllmiy-00073-00013640-00013766 amazing work uh in
+LN_dRVllmiy-00074-00013768-00013919 in in keeping things on the floats we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00075-00013919-00014135 appreciate it um and there's the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00076-00014136-00014455 um the help desk on on on slack as well
+LN_dRVllmiy-00077-00014456-00014622 if you have questions or anything else
+LN_dRVllmiy-00078-00014623-00014838 you need to talk about
+LN_dRVllmiy-00079-00014840-00015135 um we are committed uh as as we've
+LN_dRVllmiy-00080-00015136-00015335 demonstrated trying keeping this as safe
+LN_dRVllmiy-00081-00015336-00015543 and inclusive a space as possible
+LN_dRVllmiy-00082-00015544-00015711 vanessa and danielle and caitlyn who are
+LN_dRVllmiy-00083-00015712-00015855 all on the call um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00084-00015856-00016103 are um are here and standing by and if
+LN_dRVllmiy-00085-00016104-00016279 you have anything you want to share
+LN_dRVllmiy-00086-00016280-00016567 there's a dedicated code of conduct
+LN_dRVllmiy-00087-00016568-00016694 channel within slack
+LN_dRVllmiy-00088-00016695-00017094 to share that up we are recording
+LN_dRVllmiy-00089-00017095-00017358 um uh so just just be aware of that and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00090-00017359-00017543 our intention is uh shortly after the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00091-00017544-00017727 holidays um that we will we will make
+LN_dRVllmiy-00092-00017728-00017855 these recordings available
+LN_dRVllmiy-00093-00017856-00018111 so um i think with that that's uh that's
+LN_dRVllmiy-00094-00018112-00018158 probably
+LN_dRVllmiy-00095-00018159-00018479 it by way of uh of housekeeping um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00096-00018480-00018591 like i said if you have any questions
+LN_dRVllmiy-00097-00018592-00018814 we're a small enough group um i'm sorry
+LN_dRVllmiy-00098-00018815-00018958 i was i was about to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00099-00018959-00019111 transition and i saw danielle's
+LN_dRVllmiy-00100-00019112-00019327 incredibly cute child and i got i got so
+LN_dRVllmiy-00101-00019328-00019622 distracted that i lost my place that is
+LN_dRVllmiy-00102-00019623-00019903 a great way to to kick off this uh this
+LN_dRVllmiy-00103-00019904-00019999 piece of the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00104-00020000-00020327 um of the of the meeting um this is an
+LN_dRVllmiy-00105-00020328-00020407 acknowledgement
+LN_dRVllmiy-00106-00020408-00020655 um uh some not all of our program
+LN_dRVllmiy-00107-00020656-00020799 committee folks are here
+LN_dRVllmiy-00108-00020800-00021063 um this was an all-volunteer effort um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00109-00021064-00021135 folks work
+LN_dRVllmiy-00110-00021136-00021503 really diligently um i um i'm proud to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00111-00021504-00021807 to call call this team uh a team and and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00112-00021808-00021927 be a part of it and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00113-00021928-00022150 and and have these folks as colleagues
+LN_dRVllmiy-00114-00022151-00022278 um they really did
+LN_dRVllmiy-00115-00022279-00022567 uh terrific work to to make sure every
+LN_dRVllmiy-00116-00022568-00022599 um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00117-00022600-00022855 every detail was considered um so if you
+LN_dRVllmiy-00118-00022856-00023022 if you see them give them a virtual high
+LN_dRVllmiy-00119-00023023-00023183 five
+LN_dRVllmiy-00120-00023184-00023422 we also obviously could not do this um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00121-00023423-00023575 without sponsors um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00122-00023576-00023783 even in a virtual environment these
+LN_dRVllmiy-00123-00023784-00023878 meetings uh
+LN_dRVllmiy-00124-00023879-00024199 cost money and and um uh obviously we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00125-00024200-00024247 needed
+LN_dRVllmiy-00126-00024248-00024542 uh we were hoping to get um supporters
+LN_dRVllmiy-00127-00024543-00024647 to underwrite
+LN_dRVllmiy-00128-00024648-00024807 uh these these grants which we'll be
+LN_dRVllmiy-00129-00024808-00024975 talking about in a minute so we really
+LN_dRVllmiy-00130-00024976-00025103 do give
+LN_dRVllmiy-00131-00025104-00025303 deep deep appreciation to crossref and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00132-00025304-00025414 hypothesis and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00133-00025415-00025575 ithaca and and and to the chan
+LN_dRVllmiy-00134-00025576-00025758 zuckerberg initiative thank you for
+LN_dRVllmiy-00135-00025760-00026070 for making this event a reality
+LN_dRVllmiy-00136-00026072-00026262 and uh with that i think i'm going to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00137-00026263-00026462 turn it over to to juan pablo
+LN_dRVllmiy-00138-00026463-00026711 uh to to talk about our rapid response
+LN_dRVllmiy-00139-00026712-00026814 fund and um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00140-00026816-00026958 just let me know when you want me to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00141-00026960-00027167 advance each slide and i will
+LN_dRVllmiy-00142-00027168-00027479 i will do so perfect uh
+LN_dRVllmiy-00143-00027480-00027702 so great thank you greg for for sort of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00144-00027704-00027902 doing all of that uh housekeeping things
+LN_dRVllmiy-00145-00027904-00028102 and to acknowledging our sponsor so
+LN_dRVllmiy-00146-00028104-00028246 you know we did want to sort of just
+LN_dRVllmiy-00147-00028247-00028439 also say specifically that you know the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00148-00028439-00028758 the sponsors help provided around fifty
+LN_dRVllmiy-00149-00028760-00028895 thousand dollars that we could give out
+LN_dRVllmiy-00150-00028895-00029007 as awards and we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00151-00029008-00029190 uh we're really hoping that this event
+LN_dRVllmiy-00152-00029191-00029335 was someone that not only could we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00153-00029336-00029462 support the community
+LN_dRVllmiy-00154-00029463-00029751 by um by you know gathering everyone
+LN_dRVllmiy-00155-00029752-00029911 together and enabling the conversations
+LN_dRVllmiy-00156-00029912-00030070 but actually to give some very tangible
+LN_dRVllmiy-00157-00030072-00030158 support
+LN_dRVllmiy-00158-00030160-00030462 to uh as many projects as as we could
+LN_dRVllmiy-00159-00030463-00030623 and so that was a part of the sort of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00160-00030624-00030735 the fundraising effort
+LN_dRVllmiy-00161-00030736-00030911 and these different projects that you
+LN_dRVllmiy-00162-00030912-00031087 see listed here all contributed to being
+LN_dRVllmiy-00163-00031088-00031255 able to make it happen so that we could
+LN_dRVllmiy-00164-00031256-00031351 give some
+LN_dRVllmiy-00165-00031352-00031623 some tangible uh support and awards uh
+LN_dRVllmiy-00166-00031624-00031727 to projects that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00167-00031727-00031855 would be able to put into good use
+LN_dRVllmiy-00168-00031856-00032039 especially during uh what has been a
+LN_dRVllmiy-00169-00032039-00032214 very challenging year so we can maybe go
+LN_dRVllmiy-00170-00032216-00032462 to the next slide
+LN_dRVllmiy-00171-00032463-00032767 we you know in setting up these uh
+LN_dRVllmiy-00172-00032768-00032959 the the awards we sort of try to come up
+LN_dRVllmiy-00173-00032960-00033135 with with some criteria that we thought
+LN_dRVllmiy-00174-00033136-00033183 would be
+LN_dRVllmiy-00175-00033184-00033471 well aligned with uh with the spirit of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00176-00033472-00033583 the conference and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00177-00033584-00033839 the moment that we are living through
+LN_dRVllmiy-00178-00033840-00033895 and so the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00179-00033896-00034055 criteria were sort of our line under
+LN_dRVllmiy-00180-00034056-00034239 three different uh set of principles one
+LN_dRVllmiy-00181-00034240-00034431 was alignment with open practices and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00182-00034432-00034599 principles as you might expect from
+LN_dRVllmiy-00183-00034600-00034871 uh from uh from the joint roadmap for
+LN_dRVllmiy-00184-00034872-00034974 open science
+LN_dRVllmiy-00185-00034975-00035174 uh so wanting to make sure that we were
+LN_dRVllmiy-00186-00035175-00035311 like that all the projects
+LN_dRVllmiy-00187-00035312-00035607 are were awarded were well aligned um we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00188-00035608-00035799 wanted to have this be a rapid response
+LN_dRVllmiy-00189-00035800-00035927 fund that was able to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00190-00035928-00036079 support projects that were in need at
+LN_dRVllmiy-00191-00036080-00036246 this moment and we know that it's been a
+LN_dRVllmiy-00192-00036247-00036351 challenging year for
+LN_dRVllmiy-00193-00036352-00036535 for budget challenging years for people
+LN_dRVllmiy-00194-00036536-00036662 around their
+LN_dRVllmiy-00195-00036663-00036807 personal situations their professional
+LN_dRVllmiy-00196-00036808-00036983 situations and so we wanted to see some
+LN_dRVllmiy-00197-00036984-00037039 evidence
+LN_dRVllmiy-00198-00037040-00037199 that they were needing funding at this
+LN_dRVllmiy-00199-00037200-00037383 particular moment in time
+LN_dRVllmiy-00200-00037384-00037518 and the third was to make sure that the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00201-00037519-00037679 projects that we awarded were not just
+LN_dRVllmiy-00202-00037680-00037767 going to be
+LN_dRVllmiy-00203-00037768-00037959 of benefit to the to the people to the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00204-00037960-00038102 awardees themselves but that there was
+LN_dRVllmiy-00205-00038103-00038239 some evidence of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00206-00038240-00038462 impact to both the awardee and also to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00207-00038463-00038695 the larger open scholarly community
+LN_dRVllmiy-00208-00038696-00038887 and so we came up with some criteria
+LN_dRVllmiy-00209-00038888-00039007 that aligned around these three
+LN_dRVllmiy-00210-00039008-00039183 principles and evaluated every project
+LN_dRVllmiy-00211-00039184-00039430 that came in under those those criteria
+LN_dRVllmiy-00212-00039431-00039767 next uh the award committee was made up
+LN_dRVllmiy-00213-00039768-00039862 of sort of a
+LN_dRVllmiy-00214-00039863-00040151 subset of the of those of us on the on
+LN_dRVllmiy-00215-00040152-00040183 the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00216-00040184-00040374 larger program committee so we make sure
+LN_dRVllmiy-00217-00040375-00040559 that we had multiple people evaluating
+LN_dRVllmiy-00218-00040560-00040695 all of the different applications and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00219-00040696-00040902 that we could come together and discuss
+LN_dRVllmiy-00220-00040903-00041062 the criteria for those awards there are
+LN_dRVllmiy-00221-00041063-00041271 just the names of those of us that were
+LN_dRVllmiy-00222-00041272-00041374 on
+LN_dRVllmiy-00223-00041375-00041502 on the selection on the selection
+LN_dRVllmiy-00224-00041503-00041790 committee um we ended up
+LN_dRVllmiy-00225-00041791-00041999 we wanted to fund way more projects out
+LN_dRVllmiy-00226-00042000-00042174 of all of the applications that came in
+LN_dRVllmiy-00227-00042175-00042271 and so this is
+LN_dRVllmiy-00228-00042272-00042487 a shout out to those projects that you
+LN_dRVllmiy-00229-00042488-00042671 know were perhaps not selected there was
+LN_dRVllmiy-00230-00042672-00042767 really a lot of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00231-00042768-00043046 uh of really worthwhile uh initiatives
+LN_dRVllmiy-00232-00043047-00043167 and applications and people really
+LN_dRVllmiy-00233-00043168-00043311 deserving of funds
+LN_dRVllmiy-00234-00043312-00043551 and in the end um using the criteria we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00235-00043552-00043735 came up with eight projects that really
+LN_dRVllmiy-00236-00043736-00043999 uh spanned uh from technical tools some
+LN_dRVllmiy-00237-00044000-00044079 very
+LN_dRVllmiy-00238-00044080-00044287 sort of specific tools to scholarly
+LN_dRVllmiy-00239-00044288-00044390 communication
+LN_dRVllmiy-00240-00044391-00044583 initiatives around and then projects to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00241-00044584-00044887 do with reproducible research practices
+LN_dRVllmiy-00242-00044888-00045079 we tried to see that the projects also
+LN_dRVllmiy-00243-00045080-00045246 span the sciences the social sciences
+LN_dRVllmiy-00244-00045247-00045423 and the humanities so not focused on one
+LN_dRVllmiy-00245-00045424-00045551 individual discipline
+LN_dRVllmiy-00246-00045552-00045799 and also that they really spanned a
+LN_dRVllmiy-00247-00045800-00045887 geographic
+LN_dRVllmiy-00248-00045888-00046246 uh um representation so we ended up with
+LN_dRVllmiy-00249-00046247-00046374 eight awards that spanned
+LN_dRVllmiy-00250-00046375-00046583 uh three continents across all of these
+LN_dRVllmiy-00251-00046584-00046895 uh all of these dimensions
+LN_dRVllmiy-00252-00046896-00047086 uh there were these and so i know that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00253-00047087-00047246 some of you were and we announced these
+LN_dRVllmiy-00254-00047247-00047343 this morning and some of you
+LN_dRVllmiy-00255-00047344-00047502 participated in the award ceremony
+LN_dRVllmiy-00256-00047503-00047718 that we had in the morning session but
+LN_dRVllmiy-00257-00047719-00047862 really had eight projects like i said
+LN_dRVllmiy-00258-00047863-00048039 that met all of those criteria and you
+LN_dRVllmiy-00259-00048040-00048183 can read more about the projects at that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00260-00048184-00048358 link that's that's listed there but
+LN_dRVllmiy-00261-00048359-00048595 um really projects i saw la referencia
+LN_dRVllmiy-00262-00048596-00048846 openscapes pre-review sk time
+LN_dRVllmiy-00263-00048847-00049190 africa archive uh 2i2c humanities common
+LN_dRVllmiy-00264-00049191-00049318 in the knowledge equity lab so
+LN_dRVllmiy-00265-00049319-00049543 congratulations to all of those already
+LN_dRVllmiy-00266-00049544-00049774 uh that were and we can do that i've
+LN_dRVllmiy-00267-00049775-00049855 been doing my
+LN_dRVllmiy-00268-00049856-00050183 actual claps like my clap reaction uh in
+LN_dRVllmiy-00269-00050184-00050271 real time
+LN_dRVllmiy-00270-00050272-00050471 uh but i hope that you will all just
+LN_dRVllmiy-00271-00050472-00050662 join me with your either virtual or real
+LN_dRVllmiy-00272-00050663-00050727 claps
+LN_dRVllmiy-00273-00050728-00051007 for all of these these projects um and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00274-00051008-00051111 congratulations to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00275-00051112-00051254 to them and we know that they'll be
+LN_dRVllmiy-00276-00051255-00051399 putting the funds that go from these
+LN_dRVllmiy-00277-00051400-00051511 projects to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00278-00051512-00051846 uh to good uh to good use uh
+LN_dRVllmiy-00279-00051847-00052007 several of those projects accepted the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00280-00052008-00052270 awards this morning but we wanted to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00281-00052271-00052479 also make sure that we got the the last
+LN_dRVllmiy-00282-00052479-00052638 two projects that had not had a chance
+LN_dRVllmiy-00283-00052639-00052703 yet to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00284-00052704-00052926 receive their award so there isn't a
+LN_dRVllmiy-00285-00052927-00053111 little thing that i can a little trophy
+LN_dRVllmiy-00286-00053112-00053287 or a little plaque that i can hand off
+LN_dRVllmiy-00287-00053288-00053359 to you
+LN_dRVllmiy-00288-00053360-00053647 um but i do want to uh in you of that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00289-00053648-00053766 give you a give the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00290-00053767-00053999 uh the two projects that are present
+LN_dRVllmiy-00291-00054000-00054087 with us here today
+LN_dRVllmiy-00292-00054088-00054230 uh just a couple of minutes to be able
+LN_dRVllmiy-00293-00054232-00054438 to say a few words about uh about their
+LN_dRVllmiy-00294-00054439-00054623 project and about what it is that they
+LN_dRVllmiy-00295-00054624-00054894 um they're hoping to do uh with uh with
+LN_dRVllmiy-00296-00054895-00055015 this award so why don't i
+LN_dRVllmiy-00297-00055016-00055359 first turn it over uh to julia uh loans
+LN_dRVllmiy-00298-00055360-00055638 from openscapes and if we can um give
+LN_dRVllmiy-00299-00055639-00055726 her the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00300-00055727-00055966 the the mic and the podium to just give
+LN_dRVllmiy-00301-00055967-00056126 us a few words and congratulations on
+LN_dRVllmiy-00302-00056127-00056359 the award
+LN_dRVllmiy-00303-00056360-00056647 great uh hi everyone thank you so much
+LN_dRVllmiy-00304-00056648-00056726 um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00305-00056727-00057063 i'm julie lowndes and i
+LN_dRVllmiy-00306-00057064-00057479 um i founded openscapes so i'm
+LN_dRVllmiy-00307-00057479-00057711 just gonna put up a slide here can you
+LN_dRVllmiy-00308-00057712-00057887 see that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00309-00057888-00058182 um slide great thank you um yeah thank
+LN_dRVllmiy-00310-00058183-00058287 you so much um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00311-00058288-00058526 the the ioi community has been so
+LN_dRVllmiy-00312-00058527-00058623 wonderful to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00313-00058624-00058830 get to know and thank you for your
+LN_dRVllmiy-00314-00058832-00058926 support through j
+LN_dRVllmiy-00315-00058927-00059271 ross this project openscapes is
+LN_dRVllmiy-00316-00059272-00059366 something that i
+LN_dRVllmiy-00317-00059367-00059559 founded when i was a mozilla fellow in
+LN_dRVllmiy-00318-00059560-00059719 the last year and a half
+LN_dRVllmiy-00319-00059720-00059919 and have also been supported
+LN_dRVllmiy-00320-00059920-00060071 institutionally at
+LN_dRVllmiy-00321-00060072-00060342 ncs at uc santa barbara and had some
+LN_dRVllmiy-00322-00060344-00060526 support from the moore foundation
+LN_dRVllmiy-00323-00060527-00060823 and what ioi is going to do is let aaron
+LN_dRVllmiy-00324-00060824-00060911 robinson
+LN_dRVllmiy-00325-00060912-00061263 join openscapes as not only a thought
+LN_dRVllmiy-00326-00061264-00061326 leader
+LN_dRVllmiy-00327-00061327-00061630 and you know world-changing schemer
+LN_dRVllmiy-00328-00061632-00061911 with me but to actually um put this to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00329-00061912-00062023 practice so
+LN_dRVllmiy-00330-00062024-00062271 i'm so grateful to this community and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00331-00062272-00062519 and to aaron for for joining
+LN_dRVllmiy-00332-00062520-00062775 um so just i just put a couple slides
+LN_dRVllmiy-00333-00062776-00062903 together about openscapes
+LN_dRVllmiy-00334-00062904-00063206 um to give a little introduction but
+LN_dRVllmiy-00335-00063207-00063463 you know we're we really are operating
+LN_dRVllmiy-00336-00063464-00063582 in kind of the training
+LN_dRVllmiy-00337-00063583-00063863 space but in a different angle of the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00338-00063864-00064030 training space
+LN_dRVllmiy-00339-00064032-00064359 so we um we're we're really focused on
+LN_dRVllmiy-00340-00064360-00064430 mentorship
+LN_dRVllmiy-00341-00064432-00064687 and coaching through the open
+LN_dRVllmiy-00342-00064688-00064782 reproducible
+LN_dRVllmiy-00343-00064783-00065126 research landscape so this is an idea
+LN_dRVllmiy-00344-00065127-00065215 that we've been
+LN_dRVllmiy-00345-00065216-00065559 trying to visualize is that you know the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00346-00065560-00065831 the goal here is open and reproducible
+LN_dRVllmiy-00347-00065832-00065943 and inclusive science
+LN_dRVllmiy-00348-00065944-00066094 but there's a lot of different pathways
+LN_dRVllmiy-00349-00066095-00066350 you can take to to go there
+LN_dRVllmiy-00350-00066351-00066582 and we see openscapes as being kind of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00351-00066583-00066750 the park rangers
+LN_dRVllmiy-00352-00066751-00067071 to help welcome you and orient you to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00353-00067072-00067294 the landscape
+LN_dRVllmiy-00354-00067295-00067535 so this is artwork in progress that will
+LN_dRVllmiy-00355-00067536-00067735 soon if you can imagine be filled up
+LN_dRVllmiy-00356-00067736-00067767 with
+LN_dRVllmiy-00357-00067768-00068015 little teams of researchers that are
+LN_dRVllmiy-00358-00068016-00068215 being kind of guided around
+LN_dRVllmiy-00359-00068216-00068479 the various obstacles um that might be
+LN_dRVllmiy-00360-00068480-00068550 in
+LN_dRVllmiy-00361-00068551-00068679 their paths or the different
+LN_dRVllmiy-00362-00068680-00068999 opportunities that they can have to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00363-00069000-00069223 to really navigate this landscape and i
+LN_dRVllmiy-00364-00069224-00069415 think part of this landscape
+LN_dRVllmiy-00365-00069416-00069623 is all of the tools and all of the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00366-00069624-00069791 communities and all of the practices
+LN_dRVllmiy-00367-00069792-00069887 that folks
+LN_dRVllmiy-00368-00069888-00070167 at ioi and j-ross and beyond have been
+LN_dRVllmiy-00369-00070168-00070223 building
+LN_dRVllmiy-00370-00070224-00070623 so um our our perspective is that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00371-00070624-00070887 um there's you know we're we're really
+LN_dRVllmiy-00372-00070888-00071119 trying to help research groups reimagine
+LN_dRVllmiy-00373-00071120-00071319 what data analysis can look like and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00374-00071320-00071494 help them develop modern skills that are
+LN_dRVllmiy-00375-00071495-00071655 of immediate value to them
+LN_dRVllmiy-00376-00071656-00071838 and help them cultivate collaborative
+LN_dRVllmiy-00377-00071839-00072055 and inclusive research teams
+LN_dRVllmiy-00378-00072056-00072335 and so we mostly do this through our
+LN_dRVllmiy-00379-00072336-00072447 champions program
+LN_dRVllmiy-00380-00072448-00072671 which is this remote by design and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00381-00072672-00072903 cohort based mentorship program
+LN_dRVllmiy-00382-00072904-00073199 that tries to help guide them through
+LN_dRVllmiy-00383-00073200-00073255 this
+LN_dRVllmiy-00384-00073256-00073487 landscape of all of the wonderful open
+LN_dRVllmiy-00385-00073488-00073671 data science tools that are out there to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00386-00073672-00073767 help them
+LN_dRVllmiy-00387-00073768-00074047 and it also has a focus of empowering
+LN_dRVllmiy-00388-00074048-00074135 them as leaders
+LN_dRVllmiy-00389-00074136-00074406 and welcoming them to this broader open
+LN_dRVllmiy-00390-00074407-00074575 community
+LN_dRVllmiy-00391-00074576-00074719 so these are just a little bit of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00392-00074720-00074887 details about our
+LN_dRVllmiy-00393-00074888-00075079 champions program which is this cohort
+LN_dRVllmiy-00394-00075080-00075231 based program for
+LN_dRVllmiy-00395-00075232-00075582 research team leads and team members
+LN_dRVllmiy-00396-00075583-00075879 that is you know trying to be respectful
+LN_dRVllmiy-00397-00075880-00076111 of researchers time so it's a small time
+LN_dRVllmiy-00398-00076112-00076175 investment
+LN_dRVllmiy-00399-00076176-00076526 over multiple months with a real focus
+LN_dRVllmiy-00400-00076527-00076838 on um empathy inclusion and kindness
+LN_dRVllmiy-00401-00076839-00077182 and all of the challenges and folk
+LN_dRVllmiy-00402-00077183-00077359 things that folks are facing as
+LN_dRVllmiy-00403-00077360-00077494 researchers but trying to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00404-00077495-00077671 welcome them into this data science
+LN_dRVllmiy-00405-00077672-00077887 landscape and it's based on
+LN_dRVllmiy-00406-00077888-00078150 a lot of the work um that mozilla has
+LN_dRVllmiy-00407-00078151-00078406 done through the open leaders program
+LN_dRVllmiy-00408-00078407-00078711 so um with this award we're gonna
+LN_dRVllmiy-00409-00078712-00078767 actually be
+LN_dRVllmiy-00410-00078768-00079079 tailoring our um champions program in
+LN_dRVllmiy-00411-00079080-00079303 order to learn more about how to be
+LN_dRVllmiy-00412-00079304-00079662 more um to have a bigger focus on
+LN_dRVllmiy-00413-00079663-00079847 diversity equity and inclusion
+LN_dRVllmiy-00414-00079848-00079982 and so we're going to be leading a
+LN_dRVllmiy-00415-00079983-00080159 smaller co a smaller sized
+LN_dRVllmiy-00416-00080160-00080438 uh cohort with environmental scientists
+LN_dRVllmiy-00417-00080439-00080559 in 2021
+LN_dRVllmiy-00418-00080560-00080887 uh with support from j ross so thank you
+LN_dRVllmiy-00419-00080888-00080943 so much
+LN_dRVllmiy-00420-00080944-00081238 and we're excited to be in touch with
+LN_dRVllmiy-00421-00081239-00081406 the community and to continue
+LN_dRVllmiy-00422-00081407-00081711 growing and to present more artwork as
+LN_dRVllmiy-00423-00081712-00081887 we figure
+LN_dRVllmiy-00424-00081888-00082079 everything out so thank you so much to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00425-00082080-00082423 everybody
+LN_dRVllmiy-00426-00082424-00082606 congratulations again and we we're also
+LN_dRVllmiy-00427-00082607-00082879 excited to see uh see what comes up
+LN_dRVllmiy-00428-00082880-00083118 and to see you continue to grow the the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00429-00083119-00083231 second uh
+LN_dRVllmiy-00430-00083232-00083391 second project i also just want to now
+LN_dRVllmiy-00431-00083392-00083623 open up and give her a congratulations
+LN_dRVllmiy-00432-00083624-00083671 to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00433-00083672-00083975 daniella dairy from pre-review and the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00434-00083976-00084111 second hour the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00435-00084112-00084303 of this evening tonight so i can turn it
+LN_dRVllmiy-00436-00084304-00084487 over to you daniella congratulations
+LN_dRVllmiy-00437-00084488-00084671 uh to you as well we'd love to hear a
+LN_dRVllmiy-00438-00084672-00084838 little bit about what you're doing and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00439-00084839-00085079 what you're planning to use these funds
+LN_dRVllmiy-00440-00085080-00085231 thank you uh first of all
+LN_dRVllmiy-00441-00085232-00085382 congratulations again to all the other
+LN_dRVllmiy-00442-00085383-00085447 awardees
+LN_dRVllmiy-00443-00085448-00085750 to julie it is so great and i'm in great
+LN_dRVllmiy-00444-00085751-00085887 company here
+LN_dRVllmiy-00445-00085888-00086223 um i will i have it i didn't have slides
+LN_dRVllmiy-00446-00086224-00086375 and then julie told me that she did that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00447-00086376-00086535 i'm like what a man
+LN_dRVllmiy-00448-00086536-00086767 so actually the only i'm just gonna be
+LN_dRVllmiy-00449-00086768-00086879 brief but um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00450-00086880-00087167 do you all see a lot of random faces yes
+LN_dRVllmiy-00451-00087168-00087206 so
+LN_dRVllmiy-00452-00087207-00087543 um before it's not an award for me
+LN_dRVllmiy-00453-00087544-00087775 it's an award for a team that actually
+LN_dRVllmiy-00454-00087776-00087959 has put a lot of work into this
+LN_dRVllmiy-00455-00087960-00088206 uh in the past few years and i'm going
+LN_dRVllmiy-00456-00088207-00088367 to start by
+LN_dRVllmiy-00457-00088368-00088679 acknowledging the uh the co-founders
+LN_dRVllmiy-00458-00088680-00088847 and and leadership team and monica
+LN_dRVllmiy-00459-00088848-00089047 granados um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00460-00089048-00089359 if top left and then sam hindle
+LN_dRVllmiy-00461-00089360-00089615 together we've been uh building on this
+LN_dRVllmiy-00462-00089616-00089679 uh
+LN_dRVllmiy-00463-00089680-00089950 ideas it works with the side project um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00464-00089951-00090087 and i'm gonna tell you in a minute what
+LN_dRVllmiy-00465-00090088-00090182 preview is but
+LN_dRVllmiy-00466-00090183-00090382 i just really wanna say it's not it's
+LN_dRVllmiy-00467-00090383-00090559 not a you know word for me it's not
+LN_dRVllmiy-00468-00090560-00090815 an award for an awesome team and uh
+LN_dRVllmiy-00469-00090816-00090871 until
+LN_dRVllmiy-00470-00090872-00091094 january it was pretty much uh the three
+LN_dRVllmiy-00471-00091095-00091247 of us and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00472-00091248-00091543 then a lot has happened this year it has
+LN_dRVllmiy-00473-00091544-00091806 been a hacker over here it's like
+LN_dRVllmiy-00474-00091807-00092087 uh okay kate link is uh mentioning on
+LN_dRVllmiy-00475-00092088-00092279 twitter and i'm like help yeah
+LN_dRVllmiy-00476-00092280-00092543 and uh among these things i also had a
+LN_dRVllmiy-00477-00092544-00092711 baby this year so
+LN_dRVllmiy-00478-00092712-00092943 i think up to until one week before i
+LN_dRVllmiy-00479-00092944-00093094 started maternity leave i was like oh my
+LN_dRVllmiy-00480-00093095-00093231 gosh we need someone
+LN_dRVllmiy-00481-00093232-00093455 because i've been the only one full time
+LN_dRVllmiy-00482-00093456-00093631 simon monica has put a lot of effort
+LN_dRVllmiy-00483-00093632-00093823 into peer review but it's
+LN_dRVllmiy-00484-00093824-00094087 a part or you know on the side of their
+LN_dRVllmiy-00485-00094088-00094287 full-time job which is incredible
+LN_dRVllmiy-00486-00094288-00094535 and we added uh we were able to add
+LN_dRVllmiy-00487-00094536-00094718 thanks to some funding that came in
+LN_dRVllmiy-00488-00094719-00095006 uh katrina murphy to our uh team which
+LN_dRVllmiy-00489-00095007-00095238 has been incredibly uh helpful so
+LN_dRVllmiy-00490-00095239-00095559 um i wanna a lot of kudos to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00491-00095560-00095782 uh to all the new members and then on
+LN_dRVllmiy-00492-00095783-00095894 tonight's foster
+LN_dRVllmiy-00493-00095895-00096143 who has joined us for um the open
+LN_dRVllmiy-00494-00096144-00096294 reviewers mentoring program that i'm
+LN_dRVllmiy-00495-00096295-00096438 gonna tell you in a minute
+LN_dRVllmiy-00496-00096439-00096750 and then uh this uh awesome uh as a
+LN_dRVllmiy-00497-00096751-00096935 community members who have been
+LN_dRVllmiy-00498-00096936-00097159 also putting their time and support uh
+LN_dRVllmiy-00499-00097160-00097287 to help us um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00500-00097288-00097599 be where we are right now um so
+LN_dRVllmiy-00501-00097600-00097815 what is part of you i wanted to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00502-00097816-00097959 acknowledge the speak this first
+LN_dRVllmiy-00503-00097960-00098350 um and so uh at three review we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00504-00098351-00098631 are trying to reimagine how scholarly
+LN_dRVllmiy-00505-00098632-00098703 peer review
+LN_dRVllmiy-00506-00098704-00099006 uh happens and specifically through what
+LN_dRVllmiy-00507-00099007-00099238 we say like the lenses of equity
+LN_dRVllmiy-00508-00099239-00099415 so when we think about like who should
+LN_dRVllmiy-00509-00099416-00099543 be the people who
+LN_dRVllmiy-00510-00099544-00099759 are invited in peer review and when i
+LN_dRVllmiy-00511-00099760-00099926 talk about scholarly peer reviews the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00512-00099927-00100047 evaluation process
+LN_dRVllmiy-00513-00100048-00100374 of oscar early outputs so research and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00514-00100375-00100567 things like that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00515-00100568-00100703 there are a lot of problems with that we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00516-00100704-00100894 had an entire session on it
+LN_dRVllmiy-00517-00100895-00101087 and we decided to focus our mission on
+LN_dRVllmiy-00518-00101088-00101318 expanding the pool of peer reviewers
+LN_dRVllmiy-00519-00101319-00101550 and and specifically impair empowering
+LN_dRVllmiy-00520-00101551-00101711 early career researchers
+LN_dRVllmiy-00521-00101712-00101894 and researchers from underrepresented
+LN_dRVllmiy-00522-00101895-00102062 groups in scholarship
+LN_dRVllmiy-00523-00102063-00102262 into contributing to scholarly
+LN_dRVllmiy-00524-00102263-00102367 evaluation
+LN_dRVllmiy-00525-00102368-00102686 that being a huge bottleneck for
+LN_dRVllmiy-00526-00102688-00102942 what knowledge is disseminated and when
+LN_dRVllmiy-00527-00102943-00103071 knowledge is
+LN_dRVllmiy-00528-00103072-00103423 considered worth sharing which
+LN_dRVllmiy-00529-00103424-00103734 actually a big problem in scholarship
+LN_dRVllmiy-00530-00103735-00103999 um and how do we do that um where we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00531-00104000-00104039 have
+LN_dRVllmiy-00532-00104040-00104230 uh what we call our three different
+LN_dRVllmiy-00533-00104231-00104382 pillars um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00534-00104383-00104615 and the the first one is very recent
+LN_dRVllmiy-00535-00104616-00104686 that i agree
+LN_dRVllmiy-00536-00104688-00104934 here but it's also my one of my our
+LN_dRVllmiy-00537-00104935-00105086 favorites right now and it's like this
+LN_dRVllmiy-00538-00105088-00105286 mentoring program and i'm glad that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00539-00105288-00105551 julie went first because it is uh once
+LN_dRVllmiy-00540-00105552-00105599 again
+LN_dRVllmiy-00541-00105600-00105823 i'm entering a core based mentoring
+LN_dRVllmiy-00542-00105824-00105990 program that is
+LN_dRVllmiy-00543-00105991-00106223 uh completely designed after the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00544-00106224-00106423 framework that mozilla has put together
+LN_dRVllmiy-00545-00106424-00106727 so hopefully very successful
+LN_dRVllmiy-00546-00106728-00106975 framework that enables mentees to come
+LN_dRVllmiy-00547-00106976-00107119 back as mentors
+LN_dRVllmiy-00548-00107120-00107431 but right now we have 10 fantastic early
+LN_dRVllmiy-00549-00107432-00107607 kindred researchers who are going
+LN_dRVllmiy-00550-00107608-00107758 through a 14-week
+LN_dRVllmiy-00551-00107759-00108071 program and they meet every week and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00552-00108072-00108271 some weeks they meet with their mentors
+LN_dRVllmiy-00553-00108272-00108478 who at the moment are editors
+LN_dRVllmiy-00554-00108479-00108702 but what we hope to do is that by the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00555-00108703-00108854 end of all the stages that we have
+LN_dRVllmiy-00556-00108855-00108958 designed for them
+LN_dRVllmiy-00557-00108959-00109278 they will come back as mentors um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00558-00109279-00109566 and uh we are trying to train this next
+LN_dRVllmiy-00559-00109567-00109710 generation of socially conscious
+LN_dRVllmiy-00560-00109711-00109839 reviewers
+LN_dRVllmiy-00561-00109840-00110199 um we also run events uh all online they
+LN_dRVllmiy-00562-00110200-00110399 were already online before the pandemic
+LN_dRVllmiy-00563-00110400-00110551 but now we don't have to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00564-00110552-00110702 run through how to use zoom anymore
+LN_dRVllmiy-00565-00110703-00110854 which is great um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00566-00110855-00111071 and it's like engaging the research
+LN_dRVllmiy-00567-00111072-00111231 community in collaborative discussions
+LN_dRVllmiy-00568-00111232-00111263 and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00569-00111264-00111615 preprints um and then we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00570-00111616-00111919 also put a lot of effort into building
+LN_dRVllmiy-00571-00111920-00112007 um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00572-00112008-00112247 infrastructure that can host this and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00573-00112248-00112415 can give a home to the output of these
+LN_dRVllmiy-00574-00112416-00112495 events
+LN_dRVllmiy-00575-00112496-00112719 uh the truth is a lot of funding that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00576-00112720-00112886 have come um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00577-00112888-00113071 the funding that comes so far has been
+LN_dRVllmiy-00578-00113072-00113415 supporting mostly like i would say 95
+LN_dRVllmiy-00579-00113416-00113647 on infrastructure and not very much on
+LN_dRVllmiy-00580-00113648-00113831 the community building on the social
+LN_dRVllmiy-00581-00113832-00113983 infrastructure aspect that we are
+LN_dRVllmiy-00582-00113983-00114166 recognizing more and more is like
+LN_dRVllmiy-00583-00114167-00114431 the key part in fact i think we can drop
+LN_dRVllmiy-00584-00114432-00114502 this and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00585-00114503-00114719 and continue the other program and that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00586-00114720-00114943 will be probably much more impactful
+LN_dRVllmiy-00587-00114944-00115271 um and so i the funding that we're
+LN_dRVllmiy-00588-00115272-00115327 getting
+LN_dRVllmiy-00589-00115328-00115678 uh through the um the the funding the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00590-00115679-00116015 response fund is gonna help us um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00591-00116016-00116254 scale and take what we have done and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00592-00116255-00116375 hopefully um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00593-00116376-00116647 can model it um in partner with other
+LN_dRVllmiy-00594-00116648-00116734 organizations
+LN_dRVllmiy-00595-00116735-00117023 such as africa archive and tonight to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00596-00117024-00117286 make this materials available for
+LN_dRVllmiy-00597-00117288-00117486 remixing and contextualizing to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00598-00117488-00117702 different uh
+LN_dRVllmiy-00599-00117703-00118047 context and backgrounds um and so
+LN_dRVllmiy-00600-00118048-00118431 yeah we we need we are running uh as
+LN_dRVllmiy-00601-00118432-00118751 close to the end of our roads um um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00602-00118752-00118990 our runway uh with a lot of partnership
+LN_dRVllmiy-00603-00118991-00119054 in place
+LN_dRVllmiy-00604-00119055-00119278 with a lot of ideas on how to grow and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00605-00119279-00119471 scale and have more impact
+LN_dRVllmiy-00606-00119472-00119702 so uh this funding is gonna allow us to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00607-00119703-00119863 have a little bit more time between
+LN_dRVllmiy-00608-00119864-00119943 before
+LN_dRVllmiy-00609-00119944-00120263 we are uh with the water and the neck
+LN_dRVllmiy-00610-00120264-00120431 uh as we say in italy i don't know if
+LN_dRVllmiy-00611-00120432-00120607 it's a thing that is said english but
+LN_dRVllmiy-00612-00120608-00120951 um and so it is a really um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00613-00120952-00121143 wonderful so thanks again for all of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00614-00121144-00121358 that for all of the support
+LN_dRVllmiy-00615-00121359-00121614 um and i also want to acknowledge that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00616-00121615-00121758 yeah now you're right there
+LN_dRVllmiy-00617-00121759-00121919 with the thunders and we have also
+LN_dRVllmiy-00618-00121920-00122102 e-life the team sponsor as we've
+LN_dRVllmiy-00619-00122103-00122231 announced today
+LN_dRVllmiy-00620-00122232-00122423 um and all the people that have made
+LN_dRVllmiy-00621-00122424-00122558 this work possible
+LN_dRVllmiy-00622-00122559-00122927 thanks for listening
+LN_dRVllmiy-00623-00122928-00123078 we're really glad that we could help you
+LN_dRVllmiy-00624-00123079-00123239 keep your head above water it's very
+LN_dRVllmiy-00625-00123240-00123471 good work that you're you're doing so uh
+LN_dRVllmiy-00626-00123472-00123551 so again
+LN_dRVllmiy-00627-00123552-00123758 we i know that within these virtual
+LN_dRVllmiy-00628-00123759-00123943 rooms that the clapping we just see
+LN_dRVllmiy-00629-00123944-00123975 those
+LN_dRVllmiy-00630-00123976-00124183 if you you know you kind of look at your
+LN_dRVllmiy-00631-00124183-00124351 gallery view and you can see the people
+LN_dRVllmiy-00632-00124352-00124463 giving the class but
+LN_dRVllmiy-00633-00124464-00124614 to both of these projects and to all of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00634-00124615-00124799 the other awardees
+LN_dRVllmiy-00635-00124800-00125119 as well uh a big congratulations uh we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00636-00125120-00125247 are happy that we're able to support
+LN_dRVllmiy-00637-00125248-00125358 this work we just wish we could have
+LN_dRVllmiy-00638-00125359-00125454 supported
+LN_dRVllmiy-00639-00125455-00125647 you more and supported all of the other
+LN_dRVllmiy-00640-00125648-00125758 projects uh
+LN_dRVllmiy-00641-00125759-00126071 worthwhile projects as well um we there
+LN_dRVllmiy-00642-00126072-00126247 there is one more opportunity for
+LN_dRVllmiy-00643-00126248-00126447 funding that has become available now
+LN_dRVllmiy-00644-00126448-00126575 and as i want to just give a shout out
+LN_dRVllmiy-00645-00126576-00126719 that sage publishing is offering a five
+LN_dRVllmiy-00646-00126720-00126839 thousand dollar
+LN_dRVllmiy-00647-00126840-00127007 grant to build an open source tool that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00648-00127008-00127175 will help authors uh to check if a
+LN_dRVllmiy-00649-00127176-00127399 manuscript has been anonymized before
+LN_dRVllmiy-00650-00127400-00127671 uh before double anonymous peer review
+LN_dRVllmiy-00651-00127672-00127775 uh and so there's a
+LN_dRVllmiy-00652-00127776-00127927 more general announcement and contact
+LN_dRVllmiy-00653-00127928-00128119 information in the general slack uh in
+LN_dRVllmiy-00654-00128120-00128278 the slack channel so that if you
+LN_dRVllmiy-00655-00128279-00128486 if you haven't had enough awards uh it
+LN_dRVllmiy-00656-00128488-00128623 lets people know that there's one more
+LN_dRVllmiy-00657-00128624-00128799 that that is available for a specific
+LN_dRVllmiy-00658-00128800-00129086 uh a specific purpose um so with that
+LN_dRVllmiy-00659-00129088-00129151 let me just
+LN_dRVllmiy-00660-00129152-00129334 uh i'll say my goodbyes i'll turn it
+LN_dRVllmiy-00661-00129335-00129502 over to greg just to bring us home with
+LN_dRVllmiy-00662-00129503-00129663 a very final stretch you've all hung in
+LN_dRVllmiy-00663-00129664-00129766 there after three
+LN_dRVllmiy-00664-00129767-00129990 uh long and productive and fruitful day
+LN_dRVllmiy-00665-00129991-00130134 so i'll turn it over to you greg to just
+LN_dRVllmiy-00666-00130135-00130166 to
+LN_dRVllmiy-00667-00130167-00130351 say the last few words uh and bring us
+LN_dRVllmiy-00668-00130352-00130471 home yeah sure
+LN_dRVllmiy-00669-00130472-00130710 terrific thank you uh so two more bits
+LN_dRVllmiy-00670-00130711-00130886 of housekeeping um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00671-00130888-00131014 the meeting recordings will be made
+LN_dRVllmiy-00672-00131015-00131214 available as i mentioned um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00673-00131215-00131407 they'll be they'll be after the holidays
+LN_dRVllmiy-00674-00131408-00131543 and we'll send out an announcement of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00675-00131544-00131607 course
+LN_dRVllmiy-00676-00131608-00131831 um and the ios slack will remain open
+LN_dRVllmiy-00677-00131832-00131966 for discussion
+LN_dRVllmiy-00678-00131967-00132359 um i'll just say um over over the course
+LN_dRVllmiy-00679-00132360-00132423 of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00680-00132424-00132678 um putting this meeting together um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00681-00132679-00132751 seeing
+LN_dRVllmiy-00682-00132752-00133071 the submissions that came in uh for the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00683-00133072-00133263 the rapid response funds
+LN_dRVllmiy-00684-00133264-00133519 hearing the presentations um being part
+LN_dRVllmiy-00685-00133520-00133566 of the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00686-00133567-00133927 the breakout sessions um i'm just so
+LN_dRVllmiy-00687-00133928-00134239 blown away by the the diversity and the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00688-00134240-00134390 the passion
+LN_dRVllmiy-00689-00134391-00134590 and the ingenuity and the the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00690-00134591-00134831 collegiality of this this group
+LN_dRVllmiy-00691-00134832-00135127 um it really is inspiring to see i think
+LN_dRVllmiy-00692-00135128-00135302 probably all of us suffer at times we
+LN_dRVllmiy-00693-00135303-00135463 feel like we're working on our own
+LN_dRVllmiy-00694-00135464-00135511 little
+LN_dRVllmiy-00695-00135512-00135783 islands right and and sometimes in the
+LN_dRVllmiy-00696-00135784-00135854 best of days
+LN_dRVllmiy-00697-00135855-00136007 maybe we feel like we're we're an
+LN_dRVllmiy-00698-00136008-00136175 archipelago um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00699-00136176-00136366 but i'm starting to feel like maybe
+LN_dRVllmiy-00700-00136367-00136519 we're a continent like maybe this is
+LN_dRVllmiy-00701-00136520-00136719 maybe this is happening right maybe
+LN_dRVllmiy-00702-00136720-00136839 maybe things are starting to come
+LN_dRVllmiy-00703-00136840-00137054 together um in in a really interesting
+LN_dRVllmiy-00704-00137055-00137223 and exciting way so
+LN_dRVllmiy-00705-00137224-00137431 um i think about the the first meeting
+LN_dRVllmiy-00706-00137432-00137639 we had which was several years ago
+LN_dRVllmiy-00707-00137640-00137814 um i really look forward to the next
+LN_dRVllmiy-00708-00137815-00137959 meeting we have which i
+LN_dRVllmiy-00709-00137960-00138254 imagine will be in person um and and
+LN_dRVllmiy-00710-00138255-00138335 just seeing
+LN_dRVllmiy-00711-00138336-00138543 uh how we continue to grow and evolve as
+LN_dRVllmiy-00712-00138544-00138671 a community
+LN_dRVllmiy-00713-00138672-00138943 uh again thank you to uh to the sponsors
+LN_dRVllmiy-00714-00138944-00139095 uh for making this possible
+LN_dRVllmiy-00715-00139096-00139407 thank you to the organizing committee um
+LN_dRVllmiy-00716-00139408-00139527 thank you especially
+LN_dRVllmiy-00717-00139528-00139783 uh to to vanessa and caitlyn for all of
+LN_dRVllmiy-00718-00139784-00139902 the work they did
+LN_dRVllmiy-00719-00139903-00140135 um both uh in in the front of the house
+LN_dRVllmiy-00720-00140136-00140271 and in the back of the house to really
+LN_dRVllmiy-00721-00140272-00140423 make this move smoothly
+LN_dRVllmiy-00722-00140424-00140631 and thanks to everyone for for bringing
+LN_dRVllmiy-00723-00140632-00140847 your passion your energy and your ideas
+LN_dRVllmiy-00724-00140848-00141102 uh to to these couple of days we really
+LN_dRVllmiy-00725-00141103-00141287 um we really appreciate it
+LN_dRVllmiy-00726-00141288-00141511 and with that i think we will call a
+LN_dRVllmiy-00727-00141512-00141635 close on
+LN_dRVllmiy-00728-00141636-00141966 jross2020 thank you everyone
+LN_dRVllmiy-00729-00141967-00142424 thank you great fantastic
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00000-00000362-00001070 [Music]
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00001-00001071-00001183 what is good everybody welcome back to
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00002-00001184-00001383 another my name toys video today ladies
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00003-00001384-00001535 and gentlemen we are back with a brand
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00004-00001536-00001839 new wwe elite figure set review on the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00005-00001839-00002199 brand new wwe elite top picks 2022 line
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00006-00002200-00002391 so this is actually insane guys this set
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00007-00002392-00002518 kind of just dropped on us out of
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00008-00002519-00002702 nowhere there are only three figures in
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00009-00002703-00002871 the set this year you guys know the top
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00010-00002872-00003063 picks wave every year it's been finn
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00011-00003064-00003311 balor roman reigns john cena braun
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00012-00003311-00003551 strowman rey mysterio drew mcintyre has
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00013-00003552-00003719 been the last couple years as well well
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00014-00003720-00003838 today ladies and gentlemen we're taking
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00015-00003839-00004070 a look at the 2022 wave and it's only
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00016-00004071-00004222 three figures this year we're not
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00017-00004223-00004415 getting the typical four in the set
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00018-00004416-00004559 we're getting three in the set and we
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00019-00004560-00004751 have this brand new packaging i think
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00020-00004752-00004927 this is the new packaging that we'll be
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00021-00004928-00005183 debuting with elite series 89 as well
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00022-00005184-00005367 but take a look at this packaging man
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00023-00005368-00005567 i'm i love it i think this is fantastic
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00024-00005568-00005799 packaging look at how beautiful these
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00025-00005800-00005975 look in my in my opinion i think they
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00026-00005976-00006118 look great so you guys can see right
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00027-00006119-00006254 here we'll take you through the entire
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00028-00006255-00006422 thing you have your front viewing window
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00029-00006423-00006663 here an image of the figure there these
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00030-00006664-00006798 are figures that we really didn't even
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00031-00006800-00006975 get images of i know they posted them on
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00032-00006976-00007151 ringside the other day but until they
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00033-00007152-00007351 posted those we had no ideas with the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00034-00007352-00007463 you know we didn't know what these guys
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00035-00007464-00007591 were gonna look like or anything but
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00036-00007592-00007759 here's the front viewing window image of
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00037-00007759-00007942 the talent here jeff hardy or the name
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00038-00007943-00008070 of the superstar down there the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00039-00008072-00008246 certified authentic sticker down here is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00040-00008247-00008423 a little bit more like it's not as like
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00041-00008424-00008663 blatant on the front big wwe logo right
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00042-00008664-00008767 here a lot of people are saying they
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00043-00008768-00008895 don't like that right there but you get
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00044-00008896-00009110 elite collection there and up here you
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00045-00009111-00009271 get the true effects logo you get some
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00046-00009272-00009487 stars the blue and the red and stuff
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00047-00009488-00009631 just looks so good i don't know what it
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00048-00009632-00009774 is man i love the way the packaging
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00049-00009775-00009999 looks on the side you get a wwe logo
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00050-00010000-00010214 another image of the talent there on the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00051-00010215-00010391 back you get a great image of the talent
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00052-00010392-00010599 some info little bio read if you want to
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00053-00010600-00010759 read it you can pause it now career
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00054-00010760-00010959 highlights a whole figures in the wave
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00055-00010960-00011191 roman reigns jeff hardy and goldberg
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00056-00011192-00011406 just really slick packaging i don't know
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00057-00011407-00011542 what it is it's china it kind of gives
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00058-00011543-00011719 me nostalgic feels i don't know if you
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00059-00011720-00011878 guys are feeling the same way about it
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00060-00011879-00011999 but it just kind of gives me like
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00061-00012000-00012270 classic mattel style vibes but there is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00062-00012271-00012470 the jeff hardy packaging here is the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00063-00012471-00012646 goldberg guys the goldberg is pretty
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00064-00012647-00012815 much just a straight up cop of the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00065-00012816-00013030 re-release of the wrestlemania figure it
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00066-00013031-00013207 comes with a universal championship it
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00067-00013208-00013399 literally looks like the wrestlemania 37
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00068-00013400-00013575 figure that we got not too long ago that
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00069-00013576-00013766 probably is still at your local target
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00070-00013768-00013894 but there it is right there you got
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00071-00013895-00014055 goldberg goldberg on the side right
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00072-00014056-00014230 there and then another image of goldberg
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00073-00014231-00014455 same stuff as the jeff hardy and then we
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00074-00014456-00014775 have the beautiful roman reigns figure
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00075-00014776-00014958 head of the table t-shirt beautiful
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00076-00014959-00015135 image of roman here roman reigns down
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00077-00015136-00015375 here i like i i honestly love this
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00078-00015376-00015550 packaging like i can't get enough of it
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00079-00015551-00015671 i want to know what you guys think of it
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00080-00015672-00015838 down in the comments section below but
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00081-00015840-00016103 this is our updated roman our elite 89
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00082-00016104-00016255 roman this is pretty much what it is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00083-00016256-00016503 this roman reign has double jointed arms
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00084-00016504-00016743 so does this jeff hardy over here i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00085-00016744-00016903 can't wait any longer man let's go ahead
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00086-00016904-00017007 and crack all these guys out of the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00087-00017008-00017175 packaging we also have the gold gauntlet
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00088-00017176-00017358 this is gonna be a really sweet set so i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00089-00017359-00017494 hope you guys will join me in this
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00090-00017495-00017719 review let's crack roman jeff hardy and
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00091-00017720-00017879 goldberg out of their packaging man and
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00092-00017880-00018039 find out what these guys are all about
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00093-00018040-00018271 and see how good they are alright guys
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00094-00018272-00018511 so here's the top picks wave out of all
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00095-00018512-00018758 of their packaging goldberg roman reigns
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00096-00018759-00019030 jeff hardy all looking great had a ton
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00097-00019031-00019214 of fun posing all these guys around man
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00098-00019215-00019399 the double jointed arms is a step up
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00099-00019400-00019607 like it's just it's magnificent man the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00100-00019608-00019855 fact that i am looking at double jointed
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00101-00019856-00020111 wwe elites i mean what what are we doing
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00102-00020112-00020286 here brad i i don't know what the hell
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00103-00020287-00020447 is going on anymore but i will say man
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00104-00020448-00020622 these figures look fantastic i really
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00105-00020623-00020807 like the face paint that we got for jeff
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00106-00020808-00020991 hardy like the selection i know we've
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00107-00020992-00021271 kind of seen this uh this figure before
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00108-00021272-00021430 kind of which we'll get into you guys
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00109-00021431-00021630 know the top picks wave it's pretty much
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00110-00021631-00021775 just repaints you know they they
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00111-00021776-00021919 typically just do repaints kind of
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00112-00021920-00022119 similar to the survivor series set that
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00113-00022120-00022327 we just saw so we're gonna dive into all
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00114-00022328-00022463 the details man let's go ahead and just
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00115-00022464-00022655 start off with goldberg since this is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00116-00022656-00022871 again a set review this is not you know
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00117-00022872-00023071 an elite you know 88 review or something
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00118-00023072-00023207 like that where we have two figures
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00119-00023208-00023375 we're looking at three total so we are
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00120-00023376-00023511 just going to dive into goldberg right
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00121-00023512-00023703 here because this goldberg is very
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00122-00023704-00023886 similar to the last one we got and i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00123-00023887-00024047 don't have that one right beside me i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00124-00024048-00024199 may have used it for my pay-per-view
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00125-00024200-00024375 video let me see if i can find it maybe
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00126-00024376-00024535 okay so i actually do have it laying
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00127-00024536-00024878 right here from summerslam and here is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00128-00024879-00025127 the wrestlemania 37 version and then
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00129-00025128-00025327 here is the top picks version and i'm
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00130-00025328-00025527 not noticing anything really different
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00131-00025528-00025711 about them and the top picks version
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00132-00025712-00025878 does not have double jointed arms so i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00133-00025879-00025990 thought it would have double jointed
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00134-00025991-00026174 arms it does not their face scans look
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00135-00026175-00026407 the same maybe some slight like paint
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00136-00026408-00026631 variations or something like that but no
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00137-00026632-00026774 they are they're pretty much the same as
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00138-00026775-00027055 you guys can see chest hair the decals
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00139-00027056-00027239 on the trunks the everything i mean
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00140-00027239-00027423 they're pretty much it's a carbon copy
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00141-00027424-00027599 of the figure there so if you guys were
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00142-00027600-00027831 wondering about that that is the case so
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00143-00027832-00027951 we're not going to spend a ton of time
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00144-00027952-00028118 on this figure but this goldberg has
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00145-00028119-00028287 been seen before he's got his tattoo
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00146-00028288-00028462 over here black and white trunks he's
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00147-00028463-00028670 got the goldberg tattoo logo on the back
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00148-00028672-00028902 little skull tattoo on the inner bicep
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00149-00028904-00029118 right here black knee pads black boots
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00150-00029119-00029279 he's got his standard gloves there i did
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00151-00029280-00029414 find that my shoulder was a little bit
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00152-00029416-00029583 stiff right here which is something i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00153-00029583-00029767 don't appreciate but you know uh adding
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00154-00029768-00029943 to the goldbergs man adding another
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00155-00029944-00030111 goldberg to the collection there you
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00156-00030112-00030255 guys can kind of see like the arms a
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00157-00030256-00030423 little bit out of like i don't know it's
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00158-00030424-00030590 just not in line but at the end of the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00159-00030591-00030790 day there is goldberg and for his
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00160-00030791-00030999 accessory he does come with a blue
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00161-00031000-00031190 universal championship and i'm probably
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00162-00031191-00031383 going to be putting this onto the roman
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00163-00031383-00031511 over there so we will see what that
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00164-00031512-00031646 looks like but the universal
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00165-00031647-00031799 championship looks good we've seen this
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00166-00031800-00031967 before and it does actually look a
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00167-00031968-00032102 little bit different though than the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00168-00032103-00032295 other universal championship that we got
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00169-00032295-00032502 and i don't know maybe it's not but he
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00170-00032503-00032783 also comes with choke slamming hands so
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00171-00032784-00032943 gobert comes with choke swimming hands
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00172-00032944-00033062 and then the mic holding hands out of
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00173-00033063-00033207 the packaging but that is pretty much
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00174-00033208-00033343 what you get with the goldberg now let's
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00175-00033344-00033535 dive into the rest of the set which is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00176-00033536-00033679 probably a little bit more interesting
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00177-00033680-00033846 which we could start off here with jeff
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00178-00033847-00034111 hardy and this figure looks sick af man
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00179-00034112-00034311 i really really love the head sculpt
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00180-00034312-00034487 right here i want to get a good zoom in
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00181-00034488-00034655 shot because i want you guys to see the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00182-00034656-00034831 fade right here on this head sculpt i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00183-00034832-00035007 love the way this came out like look at
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00184-00035008-00035143 the fade right here on the side of the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00185-00035144-00035390 head and then the blue and yellow face
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00186-00035391-00035599 paint looks really good i like it it is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00187-00035600-00035751 more of like a yellow tone it may come
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00188-00035752-00035943 off a little green or a little bit like
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00189-00035944-00036239 neon on camera but it is like a brighter
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00190-00036240-00036439 yellow like it's very much like it like
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00191-00036440-00036590 his belt kind of looks green too but it
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00192-00036591-00036783 is yellow i'd say it's more yellow but
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00193-00036784-00036935 the face paint looks really good the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00194-00036936-00037118 neck tattoos look really good another
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00195-00037119-00037255 thing that i've noticed about this jeff
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00196-00037256-00037502 hardy figure is the i don't know like
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00197-00037503-00037759 the head like it it does a really good
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00198-00037760-00037967 job of rotating like whatever is going
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00199-00037968-00038127 on with this ball joint i don't know if
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00200-00038128-00038255 there's anything different in there i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00201-00038256-00038471 don't think there is but it's not on a
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00202-00038472-00038671 ball hinge but like it just has better
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00203-00038672-00038895 articulation for a head than a normal
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00204-00038896-00039111 wwe elite it just has a lot of good i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00205-00039112-00039271 don't know the head articulation on this
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00206-00039272-00039479 specific jet party is good for whatever
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00207-00039480-00039662 reason but you guys will notice he does
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00208-00039663-00039871 have double jointed arms so this is our
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00209-00039872-00040015 first jeff hardy with double jointed
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00210-00040016-00040215 arms not counting the ultimate edition
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00211-00040216-00040367 but you guys will notice there if you
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00212-00040368-00040551 guys wanted to see the articulation it
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00213-00040552-00040735 is uh it's very beautiful you know he
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00214-00040736-00040935 can do all the different things plastic
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00215-00040936-00041118 feels really good it is pinless so
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00216-00041119-00041358 that's very interesting as well and the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00217-00041359-00041543 sleeves are still black right here so it
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00218-00041544-00041702 doesn't continue the blue color up here
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00219-00041703-00041871 which would have been nice but it is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00220-00041872-00042023 just beautiful to see a jeff already
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00221-00042024-00042167 with double jointed arms i can't even
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00222-00042168-00042311 like that's just something you don't
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00223-00042312-00042543 even like it's just crazy even fathom
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00224-00042544-00042743 really but here's the belt you guys can
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00225-00042744-00042887 see that it does have the teal color on
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00226-00042888-00042974 the front of the belt and then the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00227-00042975-00043158 yellow wrapping around which i think is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00228-00043159-00043343 accurate but the double jointed arms are
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00229-00043344-00043527 very impressive the shoulders look good
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00230-00043528-00043743 and everything like that for some reason
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00231-00043744-00043967 i don't know what it is but these legs i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00232-00043968-00044135 i tried to hit up action figure attack
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00233-00044136-00044327 on instagram to ask him if these legs
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00234-00044328-00044495 were newly tooled but it doesn't feel
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00235-00044496-00044655 like pinecone joints i don't know what
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00236-00044656-00045030 these are but they seem to be newly
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00237-00045031-00045246 tooled like they kind of have the same
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00238-00045247-00045399 articulation as ball joints and they
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00239-00045400-00045527 don't feel like they're going to snap in
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00240-00045528-00045679 half so i don't know if that's real or
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00241-00045680-00045846 not but the upper thigh cut is there the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00242-00045847-00045983 double jointed knee is there i don't
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00243-00045984-00046118 know the jeff hardy just feels really
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00244-00046119-00046262 good in the hand man like this is a
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00245-00046263-00046486 really really good jeff hardy figure and
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00246-00046487-00046630 once you have this figure in hand you're
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00247-00046631-00046735 gonna know what i'm talking about so if
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00248-00046736-00046879 you found this at retail guys and i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00249-00046880-00047039 forgot to mention you can grab these at
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00250-00047040-00047207 ringside collectibles so use promo code
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00251-00047208-00047415 md toys when you're shopping over there
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00252-00047416-00047567 they're in stock right now so definitely
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00253-00047568-00047743 go grab them but this jeff hardy is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00254-00047744-00047967 insane i really really like it a lot and
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00255-00047968-00048135 as far as his accessories are concerned
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00256-00048136-00048311 he does come with his signature towel
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00257-00048312-00048486 that you can plug in the butt cheek
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00258-00048487-00048671 still so if you guys wanted to do that
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00259-00048672-00048823 you could plug the butt cheek towel in
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00260-00048824-00048990 right there and then he does come with
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00261-00048991-00049183 this shirt and i don't know why but i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00262-00049184-00049335 didn't remember this shirt that much but
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00263-00049336-00049543 it's the human anomaly and you got the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00264-00049544-00049711 little image of the jeff hardy painting
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00265-00049712-00049886 there in the white very unique shirt you
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00266-00049887-00050007 know i didn't think he would be getting
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00267-00050008-00050143 this one but it's the sleeveless shirt
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00268-00050144-00050295 you can throw over the top of him and
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00269-00050296-00050446 then he doesn't come with mike holding
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00270-00050447-00050599 hands he does come with the fist still
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00271-00050600-00050830 but he also comes with a signature hand
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00272-00050831-00050999 so you get the signature hands and the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00273-00051000-00051143 fists still know mike holding hands with
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00274-00051144-00051358 jeff hardy which is unfortunate but uh
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00275-00051359-00051558 the jeff hardy figure is sick af let's
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00276-00051559-00051766 move on to the big dog or the tribal
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00277-00051767-00052014 chief right here and for roman reigns
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00278-00052015-00052287 he's going to be the elite roman reigns
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00279-00052288-00052414 that we've been waiting on man this is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00280-00052415-00052559 the roman reigns that we've all been
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00281-00052560-00052711 waiting for you know with the great
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00282-00052712-00052935 accessories he's got the updated double
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00283-00052936-00053126 jointed arms he's got the gold gauntlet
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00284-00053127-00053359 he does have his back tattoo and all of
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00285-00053360-00053542 its glory so i know a lot of people have
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00286-00053544-00053759 been waiting on this we get the updated
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00287-00053760-00053959 back tattoo get the double jointed arms
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00288-00053960-00054166 for the roman you get the gold gauntlet
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00289-00054167-00054430 right here with even the logo on the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00290-00054432-00054623 gauntlet right there in the gold so the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00291-00054624-00054830 gold looks really nice and shiny looks
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00292-00054832-00055103 absolutely amazing i love this roman man
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00293-00055104-00055247 this is a great roman figure probably
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00294-00055248-00055391 the best roman they've released to date
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00295-00055391-00055550 so the roman reigns looks badass great
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00296-00055551-00055694 head sculpt a head sculpt we've seen
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00297-00055695-00055830 before so i'm not going to spend a ton
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00298-00055832-00056054 of time on it but the roman is on ball
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00299-00056055-00056215 joints it's the same you know it's the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00300-00056216-00056430 same standard roman legs but the double
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00301-00056432-00056630 jointed arms are just super nice he can
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00302-00056632-00056782 punch himself in the face do all the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00303-00056783-00056959 good stuff so you got all your good
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00304-00056960-00057142 stuff here you get the full rotation
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00305-00057144-00057391 there what a just god in heaven man how
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00306-00057391-00057630 beautiful and he has like those apollo
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00307-00057632-00057766 crew style shoulders where they're
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00308-00057767-00057894 actually sculpted and they have
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00309-00057895-00058103 musculature they're not just regular
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00310-00058104-00058335 balls sculpted or just regular ball
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00311-00058336-00058487 shoulder joints he actually has some
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00312-00058488-00058654 sculpt in there so it has like some
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00313-00058655-00058887 musculature which is always beautiful to
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00314-00058888-00059111 see one thing i will say is i hate that
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00315-00059112-00059254 there's a tiny gap right there for the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00316-00059255-00059438 tattoo i wish that was completely flush
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00317-00059439-00059615 that way you know you wouldn't see that
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00318-00059616-00059766 uh that little skin gap right there
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00319-00059767-00059950 because i do like it when it's just one
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00320-00059951-00060175 full tattoo there so you know because
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00321-00060176-00060342 that's the way roman looks right like it
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00322-00060344-00060487 looks like this i wish it looked like
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00323-00060488-00060638 this on the back where it's just full
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00324-00060639-00060791 tattoo you don't see that skin gap
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00325-00060791-00060903 because in the front you can see the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00326-00060904-00061079 slight skin gap and that does kind of
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00327-00061079-00061215 bother me a little bit but it's not the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00328-00061216-00061399 biggest deal there but he does come with
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00329-00061400-00061623 the solid gold it's a very nice gold man
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00330-00061624-00061838 like it pops off really nicely and then
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00331-00061839-00062006 here is the interchangeable hands so
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00332-00062007-00062254 just like roman in the past he does have
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00333-00062255-00062430 the choke slamming hands so he has the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00334-00062432-00062606 gold gauntlet hand then he has the non
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00335-00062607-00062759 gauntlet hand right there and then he
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00336-00062760-00062942 also comes with the head of the table
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00337-00062944-00063135 t-shirt which is beautiful it's cloth
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00338-00063136-00063294 it's head of the table and i'd really
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00339-00063295-00063463 like to see the white version to be
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00340-00063464-00063599 honest with you but uh let's go ahead
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00341-00063600-00063775 and put this on the big dog or the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00342-00063776-00063975 tribal chief and see what he looks like
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00343-00063976-00064119 with the with the head of the table
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00344-00064120-00064350 t-shirt on here so there is the head of
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00345-00064351-00064511 the table with his t-shirt on man and
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00346-00064512-00064759 that looks fan-freaking-tastic look how
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00347-00064760-00064975 great the shirt fits double-jointed arms
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00348-00064976-00065182 filling it out got the gauntlet on there
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00349-00065183-00065382 what i mean dude what do you even want
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00350-00065383-00065559 pretty perfection to me brad pretty
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00351-00065560-00065694 freaking perfection to me this is a
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00352-00065695-00065894 beautiful looking roman reigns perfect i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00353-00065895-00066038 think this is a perfect roman and then
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00354-00066039-00066191 you have the elite coming out soon which
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00355-00066192-00066343 is probably going to be very similar to
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00356-00066344-00066494 this if not the exact same figure
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00357-00066495-00066623 depending on the accessories they give
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00358-00066624-00066767 them and stuff so this is probably going
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00359-00066768-00066975 to end up being the re-release of that
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00360-00066976-00067119 said figure i can't even remember if
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00361-00067120-00067303 it's elite 88 or 89 i want to say it's
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00362-00067304-00067494 elite 88 roman so i'm sure this is going
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00363-00067495-00067719 to be a 88 roman that they re-release or
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00364-00067720-00067894 they repaint or whatever and they put it
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00365-00067895-00068071 in the top picks wave so it's very
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00366-00068072-00068231 obtainable for everybody but if you guys
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00367-00068232-00068423 want to see a comparison here is our
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00368-00068424-00068631 last roman reigns or a custom one maybe
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00369-00068632-00068775 that i made but he doesn't have the back
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00370-00068776-00068935 tattoo or anything like that so it is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00371-00068936-00069111 nice to see that we have an updated
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00372-00069112-00069319 roman double jointed arms gold gauntlet
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00373-00069320-00069494 head of the table t-shirt universal
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00374-00069495-00069687 championship all the different things
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00375-00069688-00069847 makes this thing look beautiful and then
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00376-00069848-00069999 if you guys want to see one last little
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00377-00070000-00070223 comparison between the jeff hardy i did
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00378-00070224-00070463 want to do this is the fye two pack jeff
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00379-00070464-00070606 already up next to it you guys can see
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00380-00070607-00070806 the colors are pretty much the same i'd
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00381-00070807-00071038 say this color may be slightly lighter
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00382-00071039-00071238 if that like maybe five percent lighter
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00383-00071239-00071447 if any but uh you guys will notice again
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00384-00071448-00071687 no pin there and you know it is double
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00385-00071688-00071831 joint and everything like that so if you
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00386-00071832-00071982 guys want to see a little comparison
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00387-00071983-00072199 between you know the uh the difference
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00388-00072200-00072382 in articulation there there's the double
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00389-00072383-00072575 jointed arm and
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00390-00072576-00072767 there's the single jointed arm so yeah
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00391-00072768-00072982 huge difference holy christ we're living
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00392-00072983-00073206 in the golden era of wwe action figures
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00393-00073207-00073471 man this is insanity but anyways guys i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00394-00073472-00073687 think that pretty much wraps up our full
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00395-00073688-00074038 wave review of the top picks 2022 wave i
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00396-00074039-00074223 absolutely love this wave i love these
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00397-00074224-00074415 figures i made the goldberg yeah i would
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00398-00074416-00074606 have liked to see somebody else maybe or
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00399-00074607-00074735 you know just some new tooling or
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00400-00074736-00074879 something on this goldberg but at the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00401-00074880-00075062 end of the day i really like it love it
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00402-00075063-00075231 i love the packaging i love the way the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00403-00075232-00075415 figures look the head of the table with
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00404-00075416-00075559 the universal championship right here
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00405-00075560-00075894 man this looks insane man holy crap my
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00406-00075895-00076047 god look at him but if you guys would
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00407-00076048-00076167 like to grab any of these figures go
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00408-00076168-00076291 over to ringside collectibles
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00409-00076292-00076487 wrestlingfigures.com use promo code md
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00410-00076488-00076679 toys to save yourselves 10 when shopping
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00411-00076680-00076887 over there grab all of your top picks
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00412-00076888-00077023 figures your new elites all those
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00413-00077024-00077167 different things man thank you guys so
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00414-00077168-00077287 very much for watching i hope you guys
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00415-00077288-00077471 did enjoy but subscribe to the channel
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00416-00077472-00077599 follow me on instagram twitter and tick
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00417-00077600-00077759 tock at my damn toys and i will see you
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00418-00077760-00077982 guys in the next video don't cross the
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00419-00077983-00078448 line like this goldberg
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00420-00078449-00078711 [Music]
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00421-00078712-00078934 is
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00422-00078935-00079400 [Music]
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00423-00079401-00079409 [Applause]
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00424-00079410-00080550 [Music]
+LpPiRv_-iUy-00425-00080551-00080760 you
+LOzrxwr77J0-00000-00000126-00000388 what is up guys it's your YouTuber F
+LOzrxwr77J0-00001-00000389-00000611 plays and today we're going to chat in
+LOzrxwr77J0-00002-00000612-00000871 the world's worst slime videos
+LOzrxwr77J0-00003-00000872-00001169 the Beast exclusive girl I mean lemonade
+LOzrxwr77J0-00004-00001170-00001516 Prime and next is the UK exclusive which
+LOzrxwr77J0-00005-00001517-00001787 I've got it tastes really nice and it's
+LOzrxwr77J0-00006-00001788-00002014 really refreshing
+LOzrxwr77J0-00007-00002016-00002207 that's like the second one I guess only
+LOzrxwr77J0-00008-00002208-00002459 counting in numbers because yeah and
+LOzrxwr77J0-00009-00002460-00002795 next is Dodgers Prime I think I don't
+LOzrxwr77J0-00010-00002796-00003005 even know this one actually exists maybe
+LOzrxwr77J0-00011-00003006-00003245 it's just a filter on jump like
+LOzrxwr77J0-00012-00003246-00003503 um apple and mango primary care or
+LOzrxwr77J0-00013-00003504-00003683 something
+LOzrxwr77J0-00014-00003684-00003929 um but anyway next is the Wrestlemania
+LOzrxwr77J0-00015-00003929-00004097 Prime hydration
+LOzrxwr77J0-00016-00004098-00004336 the Wrestlemania one this is like this
+LOzrxwr77J0-00017-00004337-00004577 is like super exclusive I'm not sure
+LOzrxwr77J0-00018-00004578-00004720 where you can get this one I just saw a
+LOzrxwr77J0-00019-00004721-00004859 video of it
+LOzrxwr77J0-00020-00004860-00005231 on YouTube by Mash Thomas films I will
+LOzrxwr77J0-00021-00005232-00005417 leave here I will leave his Link in the
+LOzrxwr77J0-00022-00005418-00005579 description so you can visit his YouTube
+LOzrxwr77J0-00023-00005580-00005813 channel he just like priming himself he
+LOzrxwr77J0-00024-00005814-00006095 tasted the Wiggy ones operate as you
+LOzrxwr77J0-00025-00006096-00006395 know the the guy who says Abdul come
+LOzrxwr77J0-00026-00006396-00006778 closer Abdul will bath bingo bingo Gala
+LOzrxwr77J0-00027-00006779-00007033 Bingo
+LOzrxwr77J0-00028-00007034-00007187 and
+LOzrxwr77J0-00029-00007188-00007306 um yeah
+LOzrxwr77J0-00030-00007308-00007463 so
+LOzrxwr77J0-00031-00007464-00007673 um
+LOzrxwr77J0-00032-00007673-00008081 so uh yes so um yeah oops I'll just
+LOzrxwr77J0-00033-00008081-00008255 repeat the same thing
+LOzrxwr77J0-00034-00008256-00008453 but I
+LOzrxwr77J0-00035-00008454-00008617 and
+LOzrxwr77J0-00036-00008618-00008878 there's the UK exclusive which I don't
+LOzrxwr77J0-00037-00008879-00009010 think is ever gonna come back there's
+LOzrxwr77J0-00038-00009011-00009437 also grape which is going extinct and I
+LOzrxwr77J0-00039-00009438-00009587 wouldn't say messing with Google exist
+LOzrxwr77J0-00040-00009588-00009742 even though there's like two flavors of
+LOzrxwr77J0-00041-00009743-00010103 it there was a red flavor
+LOzrxwr77J0-00042-00010104-00010349 of like there was a red flavor of
+LOzrxwr77J0-00043-00010350-00010571 metamoon but I'm not sure where that's
+LOzrxwr77J0-00044-00010572-00010835 actually went I think I think they
+LOzrxwr77J0-00045-00010836-00011045 changed the color and like only like two
+LOzrxwr77J0-00046-00011046-00011345 people have the red version of metal
+LOzrxwr77J0-00047-00011346-00011614 not quite sure buddy
+LOzrxwr77J0-00048-00011615-00011849 guys I'm going to end the video right by
+LOzrxwr77J0-00049-00011850-00012113 here because I cannot remember any more
+LOzrxwr77J0-00050-00012114-00012371 Prime flavors I'm primed out as a joke
+LOzrxwr77J0-00051-00012372-00012617 to say but anyway guys have a great day
+LOzrxwr77J0-00052-00012618-00012838 and I'll see you in the next video bye
+LOzrxwr77J0-00053-00012839-00013096 bye have a great
+LOzrxwr77J0-00054-00013097-00013265 um
+LOzrxwr77J0-00055-00013266-00013529 have a great afternoon or morning if
+LOzrxwr77J0-00056-00013530-00013763 have a great afternoon if you're in the
+LOzrxwr77J0-00057-00013763-00014057 US I'm not quite sure and have a great
+LOzrxwr77J0-00058-00014058-00014255 day if you're in the UK but anyway guys
+LOzrxwr77J0-00059-00014256-00014497 bye
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00000-00000104-00000495 jot guksu jasgugzu lit pine nut noodles
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00001-00000496-00000703 is a korean noodle dish consisting of
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00002-00000704-00000894 wheat flour or buckwheat noodles in a
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00003-00000896-00001111 bowl of cold broth made from ground pine
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00004-00001112-00001215 nuts
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00005-00001216-00001431 it is a local specialty of gapyeong
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00006-00001432-00001639 zhangji province where a great deal of
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00007-00001639-00001902 pine nuts are harvested in south korea
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00008-00001903-00002118 the recipe is quite similar to another
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00009-00002119-00002359 summer dish kong guksu which is a noodle
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00010-00002360-00002599 dish with a soy milk broth but jot guksu
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00011-00002600-00003335 has a cleaner and more savory taste
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00012-00003336-00003863 topic see also
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00013-00003864-00004054 korean noodles
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00014-00004055-00004238 kong guksu
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00015-00004239-00004375 jachuk
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00016-00004376-00004599 list of buckwheat dishes
+LSdDFCH6xOY-00017-00004600-00004987 list of korean dishes
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00000-00000003-00000278 Pope John the 18th Latin Yohan is 18
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00001-00000279-00000713 died June or July 1900 the papal States
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00002-00000714-00001437 from January 1,004 1,005
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00003-00001438-00001775 was born Giovanni Pisano at Rome the son
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00004-00001776-00001976 of a Roman priest either named Leo
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00005-00001977-00002162 according to Johann Peter Kirsch or
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00006-00002163-00002395 named Ursus according to Horace came an
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00007-00002396-00002681 topic pontificate topic Pope John out
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00008-00002682-00002860 his election to the influence and power
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00009-00002861-00003107 of the Christian tea clan during his
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00010-00003108-00003293 whole pontificate he was allegedly
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00011-00003294-00003490 subordinate to the head of the crusceni
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00012-00003492-00003701 who controlled Rome the Patricius an
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00013-00003702-00003908 aristocratic military leader John
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00014-00003909-00004109 crusceni is three this period was
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00015-00004110-00004297 disrupted by continuing conflicts
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00016-00004298-00004529 between the Athenian emperor henry ii
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00017-00004530-00004640 and arguing of Ivrea
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00018-00004641-00004838 who had styled himself king of Italy in
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00019-00004839-00005093 1002 after the death of Emperor Otto the
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00020-00005094-00005338 third Rome was wracked with bouts of
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00021-00005339-00005576 plague and Saracens operated freely out
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00022-00005577-00005756 of the emirate of sicily ravaging the
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00023-00005757-00005999 Tyrrhenian coasts as Pope John the 18th
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00024-00006000-00006224 occupied his time mainly with details of
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00025-00006225-00006481 ecclesiastical administration he
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00026-00006483-00006703 authorized a new Diocese of bamberg to
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00027-00006704-00006910 serve as a base for missionary activity
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00028-00006911-00007241 among the Slavs a concern of henry ii he
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00029-00007242-00007453 also adjudicated the overreaching of the
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00030-00007454-00007658 bishops of sens in Orlais on regarding
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00031-00007659-00007842 the privileges of the abbot of Fleury
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00032-00007843-00008120 john was successful in creating at least
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00033-00008120-00008366 temporarily a rapprochement between the
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00034-00008367-00008633 eastern and western churches his name
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00035-00008634-00008819 could be found on Eastern diptych sand
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00036-00008820-00008963 he was prayed for in masses in
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00037-00008964-00009206 Constantinople ultimately he abdicated
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00038-00009207-00009413 and according to one catalog of Pope's
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00039-00009414-00009628 retired to a monastery where he died
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00040-00009629-00009908 shortly afterwards his successor was
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00041-00009909-00010178 Pope Sergius the fourth topic confusion
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00042-00010179-00010373 over ordinal stop pick Pope John the
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00043-00010374-00010637 18th was only the 17th Pope called John
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00044-00010638-00011074 because John the 16th 997 to 998 was an
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00045-00011075-00011270 antipope according to official reckoning
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00046-00011271-00011521 his status as an antipope was not
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00047-00011522-00011735 recognized at the time however so that
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00048-00011736-00011989 true 16 Pope John called himself John
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00049-00011990-00012341 the 17th the true 17th Pope called John
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00050-00012342-00012587 took the regnal number 18 the true
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00051-00012588-00012760 sequence of numbering has never been
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00052-00012761-00013043 corrected topics see also topic list of
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00053-00013044-00013247 Pope's topic reference s topic topic
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00054-00013247-00013403 source topic this art
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00055-00013404-00013630 incorporates text from a publication now
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00056-00013631-00013757 in the public domain
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00057-00013758-00014167 herbermann charles ii d 1913 Pope John
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00058-00014168-00014425 the 18th Catholic Encyclopedia
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00059-00014426-00014705 New York Robert Appleton an Horace
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00060-00014706-00015035 kinder 1906 the lives of the Pope's in
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00061-00015036-00015316 the early Middle Ages vol 5 the Pope's
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00062-00015318-00015508 in the days of feudal anarchy from
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00063-00015509-00015775 formosus to Damascus the second part to
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00064-00015776-00016105 London kegan paul trench shrubbery and
+LVRXpIJ0z7Q-00065-00016106-00016331 co
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00000-00000000-00000247 guys welcome to the proverbs 31 morning
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00001-00000248-00000478 show my name is maddie vincent and i'm
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00002-00000479-00000743 here with my friend and co-host nicole
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00003-00000744-00001007 moses hello everyone
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00004-00001008-00001231 it's so good to be back here at the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00005-00001232-00001527 morning show with you and you
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00006-00001528-00001734 maddie we have been doing an orange joke
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00007-00001735-00002087 for over a year now can you believe that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00008-00002088-00002399 i really can't you guys the morning show
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00009-00002400-00002599 came about from my childhood dream of
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00010-00002600-00002750 wanting to be a morning show talk show
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00011-00002751-00003015 host and so thank you for being here and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00012-00003016-00003327 letting me live out my childhood dream
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00013-00003328-00003470 our kid kind of
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00014-00003471-00003622 um nicole
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00015-00003623-00003822 we've had so many fun guests we have
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00016-00003823-00004047 we've had so many really fun days we've
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00017-00004047-00004303 had people from all across the ministry
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00018-00004304-00004527 we've had people from our
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00019-00004528-00004695 operations
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00020-00004696-00005127 department to our ministry department to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00021-00005128-00005359 um us being on the show
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00022-00005360-00005654 it has been so fun and today is even
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00023-00005655-00005822 more fun because we have two guests
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00024-00005823-00006127 coming who have been on the show before
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00025-00006128-00006486 kendra and melissa
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00026-00006487-00006646 hello
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00027-00006647-00006855 melissa welcome to the morning show it's
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00028-00006856-00006959 always so
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00029-00006959-00007223 fun to have some familiar faces around
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00030-00007223-00007303 here
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00031-00007304-00007519 okay you guys are here
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00032-00007520-00007798 to make a really fun announcement yes i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00033-00007800-00008039 know what it is yes we are we got big
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00034-00008040-00008335 news today and we wanted to announce it
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00035-00008336-00008483 to you guys
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00036-00008484-00008687 first on the morning show
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00037-00008688-00008983 it's our next who's the first place that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00038-00008984-00009071 you are
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00039-00009072-00009263 first place yep first
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00040-00009264-00009446 first stop right here
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00041-00009447-00009646 for a big day we wanted to be with you
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00042-00009647-00009942 guys first and all our p31 friends
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00043-00009943-00010214 but we are announcing uh our next online
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00044-00010215-00010446 bible study that we are so
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00045-00010447-00010751 pumped about it is fighting words by
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00046-00010752-00011103 ellie holcomb and you guys we are gonna
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00047-00011104-00011283 learn to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00048-00011284-00011551 fight isn't that so fun
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00049-00011552-00011823 yes so excited so get your boxing gloves
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00050-00011824-00011903 on
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00051-00011904-00012070 sign up i mean
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00052-00012071-00012255 we're just we're we got a lot of
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00053-00012256-00012414 excitement around this study by ellie
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00054-00012415-00012510 holcomb
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00055-00012511-00012894 um and super super excited how did you
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00056-00012895-00013175 pick this book to be this summer study
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00057-00013176-00013399 for online bible studies melissa how did
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00058-00013400-00013630 it come to be okay my friend mary beth
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00059-00013631-00013886 shout out to mary beth shout out gave me
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00060-00013887-00014127 this book for christmas fighting words
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00061-00014128-00014391 and you guys i from the moment i opened
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00062-00014391-00014558 it up i didn't read it because i thought
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00063-00014559-00014871 we would ever do a 100-day devotional in
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00064-00014872-00015094 obs like we've never done anything like
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00065-00015095-00015247 that before
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00066-00015247-00015455 but once i started reading it and i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00067-00015456-00015719 started memorizing scripture with the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00068-00015719-00015950 help of ellie through this book
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00069-00015951-00016158 and y'all it just changed everything for
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00070-00016159-00016391 me i mean i had some rough times ahead i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00071-00016392-00016639 got really sick in january and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00072-00016640-00016879 my best friend had some surgery going on
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00073-00016880-00017079 but i had those fighting words and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00074-00017080-00017279 because i had worked on memorizing
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00075-00017280-00017519 scripture if i was lying awake at night
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00076-00017520-00017735 or if i was just kind of down and the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00077-00017736-00017927 enemy was getting the best of me
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00078-00017928-00018071 those fighting words would come to my
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00079-00018072-00018175 mind
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00080-00018176-00018271 bam
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00081-00018272-00018503 and seriously just started changing
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00082-00018504-00018679 everything and so
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00083-00018680-00018911 i brought the idea to the team and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00084-00018912-00019127 kendra was like let's do it
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00085-00019128-00019407 you know some are so busy and it's hard
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00086-00019408-00019558 to do like a study where you have to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00087-00019559-00019783 spend a lot of time on and this is super
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00088-00019784-00020127 simple a few minutes every day yeah and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00089-00020128-00020367 big benefits yeah we're really excited
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00090-00020368-00020639 about it may 31st is when it starts and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00091-00020640-00020814 if you want to sign up and join us go to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00092-00020815-00021007 proverbs31.org
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00093-00021008-00021303 study and you can learn all about it
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00094-00021304-00021407 yes
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00095-00021408-00021614 it's so fun you guys we're gonna put a
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00096-00021615-00021799 link in the comments for you to sign up
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00097-00021800-00021991 but kendra and melissa where are you
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00098-00021992-00022175 going next where's the next stop on your
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00099-00022176-00022367 media tour today that's right so right
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00100-00022368-00022622 now first stop our next stop is going to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00101-00022623-00022991 be on the p31 obs instagram account and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00102-00022992-00023167 we're going to go live at 11 30 with
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00103-00023168-00023358 lisa turkurst and we're going to talk
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00104-00023359-00023535 about fighting words she has a sweet
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00105-00023536-00023703 friendship with ellie holcomb so we're
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00106-00023704-00023991 excited to talk to her and then 2 p.m
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00107-00023992-00024191 guess what yeah we're gonna be on the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00108-00024192-00024447 p31 obs instagram account with the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00109-00024448-00024830 author ellie holcomb herself oh so much
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00110-00024831-00025086 you guys if you have never watched
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00111-00025087-00025303 anything with ellie holcomb you need to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00112-00025304-00025591 tune in yes most adorable human i've
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00113-00025592-00025774 ever seen in my whole life she is she
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00114-00025775-00025950 like will sing scripture on her
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00115-00025951-00026150 instagram every monday
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00116-00026151-00026351 oh my gosh she is adorable she's
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00117-00026352-00026502 precious and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00118-00026504-00026655 if you've never listened to her music
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00119-00026656-00026895 you guys go go get it check it out
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00120-00026895-00027143 because it's really really good and she
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00121-00027144-00027318 uses those fighting words in her songs
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00122-00027319-00027446 she does
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00123-00027447-00027655 we can't wait you guys sign up for the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00124-00027656-00027839 next online bible study we'll put the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00125-00027839-00028023 link in the comments we can't wait thank
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00126-00028024-00028255 you for being here thanks for having us
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00127-00028256-00028480 you guys bye bye guys
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00128-00028481-00028727 [Music]
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00129-00028727-00028990 i've loved having them both on one show
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00130-00028991-00029302 they're so fun the boxing gloves oh my
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00131-00029304-00029607 god they're so fun also i have the book
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00132-00029608-00029839 fighting words i do too i've been using
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00133-00029839-00030070 it for like the last week or so
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00134-00030072-00030270 it's really awesome yeah it's really
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00135-00030272-00030470 short in the morning you have like a
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00136-00030472-00030639 verse that you can read and then it's
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00137-00030639-00030727 like a
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00138-00030727-00030887 like a devotional but it feels like a
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00139-00030888-00031087 note from ellie that you kind of read
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00140-00031088-00031223 and then there's a prayer it's the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00141-00031224-00031390 perfect way to start your day i love
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00142-00031391-00031839 that i can't wait to start on may 31st
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00143-00031839-00032102 well maddie i have a fun question i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00144-00032103-00032239 really want to know but before you
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00145-00032239-00032335 answer
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00146-00032336-00032502 i'm going to pitch you the question okay
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00147-00032503-00032655 keep your answer
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00148-00032656-00032911 um of all the morning shows that we've
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00149-00032912-00033287 done do you have a favorite
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00150-00033288-00033439 while you're thinking
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00151-00033440-00033671 i also want to know if you have been
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00152-00033672-00033959 following along on the morning show will
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00153-00033960-00034239 you let us know in the comments how many
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00154-00034240-00034439 shows you think you have joined us for i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00155-00034440-00034646 just think that would be so fun
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00156-00034647-00034895 i have your comments right over here
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00157-00034896-00035079 so i am
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00158-00035080-00035327 checking it out that's amazing okay
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00159-00035328-00035479 this is a really hard choice because
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00160-00035480-00035695 we've had so many cool people on the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00161-00035696-00035799 show
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00162-00035800-00036062 but one episode in particular sticks out
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00163-00036063-00036318 to me it's one we did with wendy light
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00164-00036319-00036671 and she shared a lot about her journey
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00165-00036672-00036959 with anxiety and panic attacks and she
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00166-00036960-00037118 gave
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00167-00037119-00037518 such great biblical wisdom and practical
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00168-00037519-00037687 steps and tools
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00169-00037688-00037855 um that you can use when you're
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00170-00037856-00038079 experiencing those feelings and it was
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00171-00038080-00038262 such a good show
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00172-00038263-00038471 so many good comments and feedback if
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00173-00038472-00038655 you didn't watch it you can actually go
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00174-00038656-00038895 back we have all the shows saved on
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00175-00038896-00039062 facebook and on youtube and you can go
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00176-00039063-00039295 back and watch it just look for the show
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00177-00039296-00039590 by wendy blight yes without you nicole
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00178-00039591-00039846 i think we've had lisa allen as a guest
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00179-00039847-00040046 on our show a couple times
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00180-00040047-00040318 and we love louisa she is just the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00181-00040319-00040471 absolute best
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00182-00040472-00040751 and she did a show about how to know
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00183-00040752-00040983 what your calling is how to go after
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00184-00040984-00041207 your calling how does that change with
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00185-00041208-00041318 your role
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00186-00041319-00041511 maybe if you're a mom
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00187-00041512-00041758 or maybe you're caring for your aging
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00188-00041759-00042023 parents and how that changes with your
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00189-00042024-00042255 role in your season of life and it just
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00190-00042256-00042487 impacted me so much it was so
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00191-00042488-00042702 informative it was so thought provoking
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00192-00042703-00042918 for me and i feel like it's just really
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00193-00042919-00043246 stuck with me this that since then so it
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00194-00043247-00043383 was so good
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00195-00043384-00043774 we sound and when we
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00196-00043775-00043958 okay so today
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00197-00043959-00044143 we are going to shift gears a little bit
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00198-00044144-00044390 and we're going to talk about five
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00199-00044391-00044639 places to park your mind when god says
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00200-00044640-00044718 no
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00201-00044719-00044879 everything we're talking about today is
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00202-00044880-00045143 actually based on a free resource um by
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00203-00045144-00045318 elise turkis we're going to link it in
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00204-00045319-00045495 the comments for you guys to download
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00205-00045496-00045702 later on um but we're going to talk
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00206-00045703-00045958 through this um so nicole i would love
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00207-00045959-00046127 to know
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00208-00046128-00046374 when has there been a time in your life
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00209-00046375-00046543 where you just felt like god was saying
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00210-00046544-00046615 no
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00211-00046616-00046767 oh gosh
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00212-00046768-00046927 a few times
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00213-00046928-00047246 it's worth you just one time a few times
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00214-00047247-00047446 um but one time i think that sticks out
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00215-00047447-00047686 to me is probably my senior year of
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00216-00047687-00048062 college um i think that is a really hard
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00217-00048063-00048311 time in general but i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00218-00048312-00048535 was getting literal no i don't know
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00219-00048536-00048935 after no for jobs and internships and it
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00220-00048936-00049046 felt like
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00221-00049047-00049327 god had literally just forgotten me that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00222-00049328-00049639 he um had a plan for my life up until
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00223-00049640-00049918 this moment and then he just left me to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00224-00049919-00050127 fend for myself and it was really hard
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00225-00050128-00050471 to get all those no's and really want to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00226-00050472-00050646 start that next
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00227-00050647-00050855 step in my life
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00228-00050856-00051086 and use my education and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00229-00051087-00051263 start this but
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00230-00051264-00051382 um
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00231-00051383-00051599 there was nothing for a really long time
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00232-00051600-00051894 i mean for well after i graduated i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00233-00051895-00052119 didn't i didn't get a job and that was
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00234-00052120-00052246 really hard
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00235-00052247-00052535 it's a really sneaky season that season
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00236-00052536-00052815 post graduation like
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00237-00052816-00053015 post college you're kind of stepping
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00238-00053016-00053238 into adulthood and i really think that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00239-00053239-00053503 this topic is really valuable if you
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00240-00053504-00053687 just graduated for college or maybe you
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00241-00053688-00053838 have a daughter that just graduated for
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00242-00053839-00053959 college
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00243-00053960-00054094 share this video with them because i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00244-00054095-00054230 think a lot of what we're going to talk
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00245-00054232-00054350 about today will be really really
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00246-00054351-00054535 helpful for them
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00247-00054536-00054894 what's the time that you have done
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00248-00054895-00055087 i mean just like beautiful i can think
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00249-00055088-00055407 of several off the top of my head
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00250-00055408-00055647 um but one time in particular where i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00251-00055648-00055830 feel like i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00252-00055832-00056111 just felt super defeated by my life
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00253-00056112-00056271 circumstances
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00254-00056272-00056382 um
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00255-00056383-00056542 i just remember having this conversation
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00256-00056544-00056759 with the lord like hey
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00257-00056760-00057023 are you listening to me because there's
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00258-00057024-00057254 this really really hard thing happening
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00259-00057255-00057454 and for me it was a relationship with a
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00260-00057455-00057679 family member it was this really really
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00261-00057679-00057935 hard thing happening and it had been
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00262-00057936-00058207 going on for several years at this point
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00263-00058208-00058463 and there just seemed to be no progress
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00264-00058464-00058766 or breakthrough and i knew
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00265-00058767-00059079 i knew that the lord was capable of
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00266-00059079-00059319 helping me through the season of my life
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00267-00059320-00059430 and it just
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00268-00059432-00059647 totally felt like he was silent and i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00269-00059648-00060030 remember just praying to the lord like
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00270-00060032-00060254 are you listening do you hear me have
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00271-00060255-00060511 you forgotten me because
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00272-00060512-00060694 what i'm walking through is
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00273-00060695-00060999 very fixable if you want to intercede
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00274-00061000-00061166 and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00275-00061167-00061406 i feel so
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00276-00061407-00061623 sad and hurt that you're not
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00277-00061624-00061750 um
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00278-00061751-00061950 and that was a really difficult that was
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00279-00061951-00062199 a really difficult time where i had all
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00280-00062200-00062342 these solutions
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00281-00062344-00062511 for the lord of how he could fix what i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00282-00062512-00062759 was going through and none of them
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00283-00062760-00062911 seemed to be the one that he was
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00284-00062912-00063071 choosing to go through they just it just
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00285-00063072-00063319 felt like no after no yeah um i don't
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00286-00063320-00063487 know if anyone can relate especially
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00287-00063488-00063766 with family situations and relationships
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00288-00063767-00063959 and circumstances they can be so
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00289-00063960-00064135 difficult i don't know if anyone care
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00290-00064136-00064326 relates yeah
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00291-00064327-00064503 yeah that's really hard but i'm so
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00292-00064504-00064679 excited about what we're going to talk
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00293-00064679-00064879 through today i think it's such a good
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00294-00064879-00065150 conversation for anyone in any stage of
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00295-00065151-00065423 life um and it's something that we'll
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00296-00065424-00065647 all go through at some point or
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00297-00065648-00065903 definitely have gone through yeah
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00298-00065904-00066111 life is just so unpredictable and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00299-00066112-00066335 uncertain and it's really great to be
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00300-00066336-00066503 equipped with these places that we can
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00301-00066504-00066671 park our minds when we just feel like
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00302-00066672-00066879 the lord isn't listening or he's saying
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00303-00066880-00066967 no
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00304-00066968-00067175 so the first place that we want to park
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00305-00067176-00067471 our mind when the lord is saying no
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00306-00067472-00067694 is just to remember that it might be and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00307-00067695-00067806 not yet
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00308-00067807-00068087 it might be and not now it might be and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00309-00068088-00068367 not necessarily and it might not be in
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00310-00068368-00068535 our best interest
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00311-00068536-00068926 um i think about the story and eight
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00312-00068927-00069255 when jesus heals jars daughter
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00313-00069256-00069463 um i think of
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00314-00069464-00069550 just
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00315-00069551-00069743 the conversation
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00316-00069744-00069935 they had with jesus when they come and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00317-00069936-00070119 they're like you're too late you're too
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00318-00070120-00070375 late jesus she died it's too late you're
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00319-00070376-00070567 too late you should have come two days
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00320-00070568-00070647 ago
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00321-00070648-00070847 and jesus in the most nonchalant way
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00322-00070848-00070991 possible says
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00323-00070992-00071238 she's not dead she's just sleeping
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00324-00071239-00071503 and that is such a strange response to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00325-00071504-00071806 me like these people are grieving yeah
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00326-00071807-00072023 and they had all these solutions of how
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00327-00072024-00072223 jesus could prevent this from happening
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00328-00072224-00072382 and he showed up to what they thought it
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00329-00072383-00072550 was too late
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00330-00072551-00072719 and then jesus heals her
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00331-00072720-00072975 and she stands up and she's alive
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00332-00072976-00073271 and it makes me think that god's timing
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00333-00073272-00073438 might not be what we think but god's
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00334-00073439-00073775 timing is always perfect um
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00335-00073776-00073975 and we might think it's too late we
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00336-00073976-00074247 might think that it's over that hope is
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00337-00074248-00074503 not possible anymore that we just have
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00338-00074504-00074782 to move on and grieve and god is saying
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00339-00074783-00075062 i have a plan that's going to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00340-00075063-00075343 bring the most glory to my name
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00341-00075344-00075519 and you just need to trust me and so i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00342-00075520-00075759 think of that story often when i feel
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00343-00075760-00075911 frustrated that the lord isn't doing
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00344-00075912-00076071 what i want him to do when i want him to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00345-00076072-00076326 do it that his timing is perfect and his
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00346-00076327-00076535 timing is always going to be
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00347-00076536-00076847 the best possible solution yeah well
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00348-00076848-00077015 that's so good
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00349-00077016-00077271 the second thing that we can do is
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00350-00077272-00077599 continue to cry out to god he can handle
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00351-00077600-00077903 our gut honest feelings and reactions i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00352-00077904-00078119 think that is so important just to go to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00353-00078120-00078447 god with exactly what we're feeling um
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00354-00078448-00078662 we don't have to polish ourselves up we
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00355-00078663-00078815 don't have to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00356-00078816-00079055 get to a place of acceptance before we
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00357-00079056-00079247 come to god in prayer when we're walking
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00358-00079248-00079479 through something hard we can go to him
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00359-00079480-00079743 with exactly what we're feeling
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00360-00079744-00080015 and i want to read um an example psalm
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00361-00080016-00080135 41
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00362-00080136-00080335 i waited patiently for the lord he
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00363-00080336-00080550 turned to me and heard my cry
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00364-00080551-00080735 i just love the psalms because i feel
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00365-00080736-00080887 like the ones that they're written by
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00366-00080888-00081103 david they're just so
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00367-00081104-00081294 refreshingly honest
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00368-00081295-00081503 um and i think that that's so important
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00369-00081504-00081806 for us to just remember that we can go
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00370-00081807-00081991 to god with exactly how we're feeling
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00371-00081992-00082126 when we're walking through something
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00372-00082127-00082471 hard he knows and he wants to be that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00373-00082472-00082671 place for us to come and so we are
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00374-00082672-00082903 completely safe with him and to go to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00375-00082904-00083143 him with exactly what we're feeling yeah
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00376-00083144-00083359 that's so good i think the songs are
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00377-00083360-00083535 such a great place to turn to when you
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00378-00083536-00083815 feel frustrated because there's still
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00379-00083816-00084055 many songs of lament
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00380-00084056-00084287 and they kind of give us permission to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00381-00084288-00084462 be honest with how we feel there's
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00382-00084463-00084671 nothing wrong with how we feel
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00383-00084672-00084806 and we don't have to hide it from the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00384-00084807-00085079 lord he already knows so why don't we
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00385-00085080-00085199 share it with you
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00386-00085200-00085431 okay so the third place that we need to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00387-00085432-00085671 park our mind when god says no is that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00388-00085672-00086031 we need to remember that when we try to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00389-00086032-00086326 control things out of our control
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00390-00086327-00086671 we start acting out of control
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00391-00086672-00086882 steps on your toes a little the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00392-00086883-00087167 truth and so we need to just remember
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00393-00087168-00087431 that a better place to park our mind
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00394-00087432-00087662 instead of controlling something is to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00395-00087663-00087791 look at what the lord has already
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00396-00087792-00088047 provided yeah look at where he's already
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00397-00088048-00088223 given us provisions
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00398-00088224-00088447 protection and where he will get this
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00399-00088448-00088831 perseverance to continue on yeah um
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00400-00088832-00089087 we always have a choice on why we let
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00401-00089088-00089223 our mind focus
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00402-00089224-00089438 and we can either focus on what we're
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00403-00089439-00089671 lacking or we can focus on what the lord
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00404-00089672-00089918 has provided so remember that we can't
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00405-00089919-00090111 control everything but we can control
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00406-00090112-00090399 where we focus so let's focus on what
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00407-00090400-00090575 god has provided
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00408-00090576-00090903 what god has helped us persevere in and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00409-00090904-00091103 what god has protected us from that's
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00410-00091104-00091455 good our fourth tip is that we can cling
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00411-00091456-00091750 to god's word to help build trust in his
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00412-00091751-00092182 plan i want to read isaiah 55 11 it says
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00413-00092183-00092415 so as my word that goes out from my
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00414-00092416-00092671 mouth it will not return to me empty but
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00415-00092672-00092887 will accomplish what i desire and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00416-00092888-00093174 achieve the purpose for which i sent it
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00417-00093175-00093391 when we read god's word we see so many
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00418-00093392-00093647 people we see so many examples of people
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00419-00093648-00093726 who
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00420-00093727-00094062 maybe like us didn't have clear answers
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00421-00094063-00094326 from god it didn't have clear path
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00422-00094327-00094559 but god always came through for them and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00423-00094560-00094767 led them to exactly the place that they
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00424-00094768-00095023 needed to be um and so when we turn to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00425-00095024-00095287 god's word we can cling to his promises
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00426-00095288-00095574 and remember his past faithfulness
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00427-00095575-00095815 and that will help us as we move forward
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00428-00095816-00096055 in what might seem like a very uncertain
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00429-00096056-00096294 and scary season yeah that's so good
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00430-00096295-00096559 nicole okay so the last place that we
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00431-00096560-00096718 need to park our mind and this is
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00432-00096719-00097135 certainly not least
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00433-00097136-00097399 when god says no to us it's so easy to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00434-00097400-00097574 feel tempted
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00435-00097575-00097862 um that god doesn't love us
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00436-00097863-00098038 which couldn't be further from the truth
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00437-00098039-00098255 nicole and i were talking before
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00438-00098256-00098543 um we went live just about this last
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00439-00098544-00098759 final place to park our minds when god
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00440-00098760-00099023 says no and we were talking about her
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00441-00099024-00099287 dog so nicole and i don't have kids we
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00442-00099288-00099367 don't
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00443-00099368-00099662 which i think this could probably be
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00444-00099663-00099871 applicable when you have a kid yeah but
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00445-00099872-00100199 for us we have animals yeah so nicole
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00446-00100200-00100391 has a great
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00447-00100392-00100655 pyrenees a great pyrenees yes she is big
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00448-00100656-00100935 and she's fluffy and her name
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00449-00100936-00101159 she's been is love her and you love her
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00450-00101160-00101335 so much but that doesn't mean you say
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00451-00101336-00101511 yes to every desire that anna has
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00452-00101512-00101782 absolutely i have to say no for her own
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00453-00101783-00101982 protection and health sometimes it's in
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00454-00101983-00102199 her best interest and i think it's the
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00455-00102200-00102478 same when i think of um
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00456-00102479-00102823 my siblings as they say no to their kids
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00457-00102824-00103030 you could not say yes to every wham a
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00458-00103031-00103215 toddler yeah that would be that would be
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00459-00103216-00103358 crazy
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00460-00103359-00103647 that would be chaos yes um my mom and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00461-00103648-00103847 dad couldn't say yes to everything that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00462-00103848-00104030 i wanted when i was in high school
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00463-00104031-00104199 because that would have been insane that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00464-00104200-00104358 would not have been what was in my best
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00465-00104359-00104623 interest yeah so when we are tempted to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00466-00104624-00104886 believe that when god says no that means
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00467-00104888-00105071 he doesn't love us we need to remember
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00468-00105072-00105302 this that sometimes the most lovingly
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00469-00105303-00105510 loving thing that we can do
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00470-00105511-00105783 is say no to the people that we love
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00471-00105783-00106095 and no doesn't mean
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00472-00106096-00106334 is no doesn't equate with
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00473-00106335-00106558 not love yeah right yeah and so we have
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00474-00106559-00106702 to remember we have to go back to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00475-00106703-00106854 scripture and we have to remember that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00476-00106855-00107086 god's love for us is unconditional and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00477-00107088-00107271 even when he says no
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00478-00107272-00107558 even when it doesn't hurts even when he
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00479-00107559-00107719 doesn't seem to be doing things the way
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00480-00107720-00107927 that we want them to be done
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00481-00107928-00108199 he's saying no because it is in our best
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00482-00108200-00108390 interest to say no
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00483-00108391-00108590 and we have to hold on to the truth that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00484-00108591-00108727 we know that god's love for us is
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00485-00108728-00108863 unconditional
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00486-00108864-00109015 that's so good
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00487-00109016-00109175 all of these have been so good they are
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00488-00109176-00109375 such important reminders and we do not
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00489-00109376-00109663 want you to forget them so if you would
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00490-00109664-00109975 like to download um this resource with
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00491-00109976-00110199 these reminders we will drop the link
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00492-00110200-00110454 for that in the comments for you yeah
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00493-00110455-00110919 nicole i would love to pray for i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00494-00110920-00111166 i'm thinking specifically for the girl
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00495-00111167-00111407 that just graduated college
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00496-00111408-00111671 who feels very confused and uncertain of
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00497-00111672-00111839 what's next and so i'd love to pray for
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00498-00111840-00112086 her yeah so let us pray
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00499-00112088-00112334 um dear heavenly father thank you so
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00500-00112335-00112566 much for your unconditional love god
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00501-00112567-00112734 thank you for the ways that you provide
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00502-00112735-00112878 for us thank you for the ways that you
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00503-00112879-00113054 protect us and thank you for the ways
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00504-00113055-00113254 that you equipped us to persevere
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00505-00113255-00113423 through what we're going through
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00506-00113424-00113654 god we're so thankful that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00507-00113655-00113943 when we pray you've been down your ear
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00508-00113944-00114063 to listen
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00509-00114064-00114166 that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00510-00114167-00114510 there is this active god who loves us
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00511-00114511-00114807 and cares for us um that we have access
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00512-00114808-00114878 to
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00513-00114879-00115119 um thank you for that god
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00514-00115120-00115302 lord i pray for
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00515-00115303-00115519 the girl who just graduated that maybe
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00516-00115520-00115775 feels uncertain for what's ahead god i
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00517-00115776-00115902 pray that you
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00518-00115903-00116143 just give her the assurance that um
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00519-00116144-00116423 maybe a no is just not yet maybe it
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00520-00116424-00116647 means that this isn't her best interest
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00521-00116648-00116823 and that you're protecting her through
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00522-00116824-00117134 this god lord i pray for um
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00523-00117135-00117319 everybody who's walking through a tough
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00524-00117320-00117558 situation whether it's with a family
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00525-00117559-00117734 member or a friend where they're just
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00526-00117735-00117983 asking you god please come and intercede
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00527-00117983-00118271 please fix the circumstance that um you
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00528-00118272-00118447 just remind them that you are holding
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00529-00118448-00118647 them close right now in this moment and
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00530-00118648-00118727 that
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00531-00118728-00118951 you will say yes at the very perfect
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00532-00118952-00119199 time that you have a very very perfect
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00533-00119200-00119295 being
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00534-00119296-00119543 um we love you father we're so thankful
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00535-00119544-00119710 for who you are we're thankful for what
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00536-00119711-00119934 you've done for us um and in your name
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00537-00119935-00120078 we pray
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00538-00120079-00120302 amen well friends we hope this
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00539-00120303-00120471 encourages you today thank you so much
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00540-00120472-00120710 for joining us don't forget to come back
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00541-00120711-00121014 to our next show on may 26th at 11 a.m
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00542-00121015-00121223 eastern time we are going to be
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00543-00121224-00121478 discussing three steps to following
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00544-00121479-00121775 god's purpose for your life with our
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00545-00121776-00122039 special guest amanda bacon and i can't
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00546-00122040-00122110 wait
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00547-00122111-00122897 we'll see you then bye
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00549-00126030-00127558 [Music]
+LWl5dCWKe7A-00550-00127559-00127767 you
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00000-00000416-00000878 stretch your hand
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00001-00000880-00001215 are you in an attitude of prayer
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00002-00001216-00001366 like i said
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00003-00001367-00001550 faith releases
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00004-00001551-00001782 healing
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00005-00001784-00001918 power
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00006-00001919-00002118 faith releases
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00007-00002119-00002302 blessing
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00008-00002303-00002615 faith is like a vacuum
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00009-00002616-00002847 that draws what
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00010-00002848-00003039 that drawer
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00011-00003040-00003543 anointing from who
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00012-00003544-00003735 and you are building faith building
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00013-00003736-00003838 faith
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00014-00003839-00004086 you are like a boy it's bomb but it's
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00015-00004087-00004238 not well-pumped
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00016-00004239-00004391 but the more you say take more of me get
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00017-00004392-00004575 more of you you are pumping the ball you
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00018-00004576-00004751 are pumping the boy you keep one of me
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00019-00004752-00004951 taking away you see the ball become big
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00020-00004952-00005111 you can't be take more of me take more
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00021-00005112-00005311 of me become big and become big and
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00022-00005312-00005702 become big you are the ball
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00023-00005703-00005999 so if you stop you stop pumping
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00024-00006000-00006159 and if you continue the bird will
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00025-00006160-00006486 continue to be be be you are the boy
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00026-00006487-00006767 the air that enter is that faith
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00027-00006768-00006951 the way you are saying take more of me
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00028-00006952-00007263 give more of you he's so strong
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00029-00007264-00007423 spirit prayer
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00030-00007423-00007719 when you get that ball
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00031-00007720-00007974 to stand a ball you get it to stand and
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00032-00007975-00008223 it level you can play it
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00033-00008224-00008503 you begin to eat with jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00034-00008504-00008759 see vision dream dream
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00035-00008760-00008959 your heart will begin to talk to you you
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00036-00008960-00009119 don't need to sleep to see visual it's a
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00037-00009120-00009303 fact that talk to us
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00038-00009304-00009519 you'll be moving your heart will say
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00039-00009520-00009742 don't go there go back
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00040-00009743-00010023 who is talking to me it's your heart
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00041-00010024-00010151 pumped
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00042-00010152-00010559 by faith get it worked
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00043-00010560-00010846 sit with your heart
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00044-00010847-00011038 not with your eye
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00045-00011039-00011478 stretch your hands
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00046-00011479-00011855 every barrier between your heart
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00047-00011856-00012342 and the spirit of god be broken
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00048-00012343-00012606 we want to fight this barrier
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00049-00012607-00012815 whatever barrier between your heart and
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00050-00012816-00013079 the spirit of god be removed in the name
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00051-00013080-00013180 of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00052-00013181-00013358 [Applause]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00053-00013359-00013560 be removed in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00054-00013561-00013807 [Applause]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00055-00013808-00014007 what could be the barrier could be
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00056-00014008-00014255 offend you are holding against your
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00057-00014256-00014527 neighbour
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00058-00014528-00014758 you say over your dead body you will not
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00059-00014759-00015079 forgive
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00060-00015080-00015438 are you holding offence grudgy
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00061-00015440-00015735 hatred be talented
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00062-00015736-00016007 pain of the past
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00063-00016008-00016202 be removed in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00064-00016203-00016422 [Applause]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00065-00016423-00016567 i want you to stretch your hand and
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00066-00016568-00016719 begin to remove
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00067-00016720-00016919 whatever satan might have used to
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00068-00016920-00017103 connect you
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00069-00017104-00017407 he used offense to connect us
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00070-00017408-00017703 he used grudgy to connect us to himself
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00071-00017704-00017919 he used pain of the past to connect us
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00072-00017920-00018191 to himself he used bitterness to connect
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00073-00018192-00018455 us to himself he used pain of the power
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00074-00018456-00018758 to connect us to himself whatever
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00075-00018759-00019007 satan might have used to connect you to
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00076-00019008-00019383 himself begin to disconnect yourself
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00077-00019384-00020991 disconnect yourself disconnect yourself
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00078-00020992-00021135 i want to believe
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00079-00021136-00021478 you are with a free spirit
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00080-00021479-00021678 a free spirit
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00081-00021679-00021798 is a spirit that
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00082-00021799-00022007 [Music]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00083-00022008-00022119 joins
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00084-00022120-00022678 with the spirit of god
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00085-00022679-00022822 right now
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00086-00022823-00023111 whatever strange spirit around within
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00087-00023112-00023294 outside
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00088-00023295-00023542 we want to put them where they belong we
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00089-00023543-00023878 want to tell them where they should go
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00090-00023879-00024055 right now
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00091-00024056-00024399 every familiar spirit
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00092-00024400-00024647 you familiar spirit
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00093-00024648-00024822 to a spiritual family
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00094-00024823-00025094 you familiar spirit
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00095-00025095-00025399 to spiritual familiarity every familiar
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00096-00025400-00025622 spirit
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00097-00025623-00025814 whatever spirit
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00098-00025816-00026055 within outside
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00099-00026056-00026330 that torment your business your life
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00100-00026331-00026518 [Applause]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00101-00026519-00026831 that stands your way
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00102-00026832-00027111 because in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00103-00027112-00027358 because in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00104-00027360-00027574 because in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00105-00027575-00027790 because in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00106-00027791-00028143 because in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00107-00028144-00028439 in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00108-00028439-00028631 every knee
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00109-00028632-00028887 in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00110-00028888-00029102 every enemy
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00111-00029104-00029287 shall surrender
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00112-00029288-00029623 in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00113-00029624-00029846 enemy shall surrender
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00114-00029847-00030295 i said to your enemies surrender
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00115-00030295-00030502 surrender
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00116-00030503-00030670 surrender
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00117-00030672-00030883 surrender
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00118-00030883-00031255 surrender the enemy of progress
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00119-00031256-00031431 enemy of progress
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00120-00031432-00031727 progress enemy of your head
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00121-00031727-00031974 enemy of your finances
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00122-00031975-00032207 enemy of your business
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00123-00032208-00032518 enemy of your career enemy of your
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00124-00032519-00032655 future
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00125-00032656-00032862 enemy of your dancing
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00126-00032863-00033071 every night of your family of your
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00127-00033072-00033199 marriage
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00128-00033200-00033439 enemy of your country
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00129-00033440-00035502 open your lips
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00130-00035503-00037199 it's
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00131-00037200-00037543 our enemy shall surrender
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00132-00037544-00037751 hearing the name jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00133-00037752-00038087 why should you're not surrendered
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00134-00038088-00038759 in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00135-00038760-00039030 holy ghost fire
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00136-00039031-00039262 holy ghost fire
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00137-00039263-00039576 holy
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00138-00039577-00040774 [Applause]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00139-00040775-00040902 yours
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00140-00040903-00041071 put them where they belong
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00141-00041072-00041223 command them command them command them
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00142-00041224-00044135 command them come on
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00143-00044136-00046255 foreign
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00144-00046256-00046431 we
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00145-00046432-00047007 [Music]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00146-00047008-00047461 oh
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00147-00047462-00049033 [Music]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00148-00049034-00050197 [Music]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00149-00050198-00050399 [Music]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00150-00050400-00052423 in the name of
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00151-00052424-00052607 give thanks to god
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00152-00052608-00052854 and believe
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00153-00052855-00053071 the legraces are yours
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00154-00053072-00053263 on the gossip
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00155-00053264-00053519 give thanks to god and believe that
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00156-00053520-00053815 you're quiet it's done
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00157-00053816-00054054 i say it's done
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00158-00054055-00054279 it is done
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00159-00054279-00054497 is down
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00160-00054498-00054714 [Applause]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00161-00054715-00054766 [Music]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00162-00054767-00054982 [Applause]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00163-00054983-00055366 give thanks to him give chance to him
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00164-00055367-00055654 i'm the god sergeant i'll take assad
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00165-00055655-00055726 i
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00166-00055727-00055991 pray the lord expose your weakness and
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00167-00055991-00056171 deliver you
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00168-00056172-00056366 [Applause]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00169-00056367-00056566 every witness
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00170-00056567-00056799 be exposed
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00171-00056800-00056966 and be delivered in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00172-00056967-00057087 christ
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00173-00057088-00057382 i say be delivered in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00174-00057383-00057671 be delivered in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00175-00057672-00058254 in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00176-00058255-00058807 i can see you being delivered
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00177-00058808-00059271 i can see you being delivered
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00178-00059272-00059423 you have been delivered in the name of
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00179-00059424-00059599 jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00180-00059600-00059735 you have been delivered in the name of
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00181-00059736-00059926 jesus christ
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00182-00059927-00060135 in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00183-00060136-00060366 you have been set free in the name of
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00184-00060367-00060679 jesus that leave one another
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00185-00060679-00060911 do you know what it means when a
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00186-00060912-00061087 anointed man of god says you have been
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00187-00061088-00061254 set free
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00188-00061255-00061511 now in this case choice is yours
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00189-00061512-00061750 you can choose to say i am this i have
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00190-00061751-00062006 been set free you can choose to say no i
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00191-00062007-00062238 have not yet set free you have been set
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00192-00062239-00062435 free in the name of jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00193-00062436-00062623 [Applause]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00194-00062624-00062799 you have been set free in the name of
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00195-00062800-00063082 jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00196-00063083-00063557 jesus i can see you working in liberty
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00197-00063558-00063688 [Applause]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00198-00063689-00063823 [Music]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00199-00063824-00064287 i can see you working in liberty
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00200-00064288-00064879 i can see you working in freedom
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00201-00064879-00065471 i can see you working in breakthroughs
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00202-00065472-00065723 in jesus christ's name
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00203-00065724-00066030 jesus amen
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00204-00066031-00067463 [Applause]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00205-00067464-00067750 the question do you know yourself
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00206-00067751-00068071 do you know you have been delivered
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00207-00068072-00068359 tell your neighbour do you know yourself
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00208-00068360-00068687 do you know you have been delivered
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00209-00068688-00068911 you believe that
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00210-00068912-00069064 let you see your excitement
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00211-00069065-00070094 [Applause]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00212-00070095-00070271 hallelujah
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00213-00070272-00070487 because i'm happy that you have been set
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00214-00070488-00071296 free
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00215-00071297-00072111 [Music]
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00216-00072112-00072319 amen
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00217-00072320-00072503 thank you i'm happy i'm happy for your
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00218-00072504-00072599 life
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00219-00072600-00072791 wave your flag
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00220-00072792-00073087 begin to pray for your nation ask god to
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00221-00073088-00073343 redeem your nation your country redeem
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00222-00073344-00073679 my nation redeem my country oh lord
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00223-00073680-00074279 redeem my leader
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00224-00074280-00074543 every attack of the enemy
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00225-00074544-00074719 corruption
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00226-00074720-00074926 misappropriation
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00227-00074927-00075111 idolatry
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00228-00075112-00075247 misrule
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00229-00075248-00075399 misjudge
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00230-00075400-00075511 ask god
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00231-00075512-00075687 to redeem your nation
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00232-00075688-00075991 say lord redeem my nation
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00233-00075992-00076262 redeem my leaders
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00234-00076263-00076519 redeem my nation
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00235-00076520-00076750 every effort of the enemy
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00237-00080527-00080926 jesus christ's name we pray
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00238-00080927-00081262 i can't hear you
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00239-00081263-00081647 give thanks to god give thanks to god
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00240-00081648-00081903 right now begin to confess whom you are
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00241-00081904-00082215 the god
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00242-00082216-00082382 those are folks that are coming for the
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00243-00082383-00082567 first time
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00244-00082568-00082838 you are knowing jesus for the first time
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00245-00082839-00083135 say after me lord jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00246-00083136-00083326 i am a sinner
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00247-00083327-00083543 come into my heart because in your jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00248-00083544-00083655 so you want to wash it with your
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00249-00083656-00083838 pressure blood lover
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00250-00083839-00083999 your pressure blood
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00251-00084000-00084223 save my soul
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00252-00084224-00084382 lord jesus
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00253-00084383-00084591 you are my savior
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00254-00084592-00084831 thank you for your salvation
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00255-00084832-00085006 in jesus christ
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00256-00085007-00085175 of christ wave your hand and say thank
+LbQFfXwnBDY-00257-00085176-00085700 you lord reminded me senior hallelujah
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00000-00000000-00000969 I
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00001-00000969-00001287 meditation is always extremely diagonals
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00002-00001288-00001549 landing that should see occasionally do
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00003-00001550-00001921 I music but if your mind has too much
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00004-00001922-00002305 noise too many people where you are to
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00005-00002306-00002538 distract me like that we stay here and
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00006-00002539-00002808 can even be difficult to menifee where
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00007-00002809-00003076 they say usually eat so many bad so you
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00008-00003077-00003288 need smaller steps you can see that
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00009-00003289-00003522 messy romantic English to help clear
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00010-00003523-00003715 away the resistance but I do that damn
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00011-00003715-00003997 you would have these things here ego is
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00012-00003997-00004231 very afraid of silence and I'm gonna
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00013-00004232-00004447 give you mucho me and I salute you
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00014-00004448-00004627 that's why most people feel this
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00015-00004628-00004877 tattered what is it getting siento mucho
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00016-00004878-00005497 next economy guna and so the process of
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00017-00005498-00005920 forgiveness it bro system involves
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00018-00005921-00006409 giving your mind permission to link to
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00019-00006409-00006781 feel feelings but I said Dean you're
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00020-00006781-00007152 sending me that you have inside you
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00021-00007153-00007485 cannot hear if you deny a request and
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00022-00007486-00007884 sedo sneak a seat of McGreevy's so for
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00023-00007886-00008321 example according the ancient Greeks
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00024-00008322-00008883 very deep in their mind using the
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00025-00008884-00009241 Socratic dialogue Sandor dopiero whistle
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00026-00009242-00009481 carries they talked about their release
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00027-00009482-00009735 I'm that one in 30 seconds four phases
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00028-00009736-00010009 they talked about their assumptions and
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00029-00010010-00010291 now I'm so nice to see a series a very
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00030-00010292-00010624 open respectful viable and in the area
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00031-00010625-00010920 to Steve misfit office so that's another
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00032-00010921-00011424 example of its cool you can use that I
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00033-00011425-00011817 used a lot of music you listen because
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00034-00011818-00012042 my mind was too distracted me with this
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00035-00012043-00012339 emissary straight when I could meditate
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00036-00012340-00012598 a lot easier with music oh yeah me dijo
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00037-00012599-00012760 a facility
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00038-00012761-00013061 that I found very inspirational yo man
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00039-00013062-00013280 yo engl travel to gain speed out
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00040-00013281-00013524 sometimes when I would play music I've
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00041-00013525-00013707 never said whether Williams secret
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00042-00013708-00013965 they're all these deep emotions necrotic
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00043-00013966-00014261 that one if that's a monsoon and I
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00044-00014262-00014400 didn't even know where they were coming
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00045-00014401-00014663 at me to guess how you anything I
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00046-00014665-00014990 described oh yeah I felt that this was
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00047-00014991-00015294 similar yeah d ave younger son of shield
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00048-00015294-00015503 it is the young it helped me get in
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00049-00015504-00015828 touch with my people effectively stable
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00050-00015829-00016944 shooting
+Leu1lqIJgZ8-00051-00016945-00017151 you
+Lez63cYivOQ-00000-00001080-00001311 the air by shrewdly
+Lez63cYivOQ-00001-00001312-00001535 it's very
+Lez63cYivOQ-00002-00001536-00001614 is the cold
+Lez63cYivOQ-00003-00001616-00002302 in an eager air
+Lez63cYivOQ-00004-00002303-00002518 what hour now
+Lez63cYivOQ-00005-00002519-00002975 i think it lacks of 12. no it is struck
+Lez63cYivOQ-00006-00002976-00003166 heard it not
+Lez63cYivOQ-00007-00003167-00003303 then draws near the season wherein the
+Lez63cYivOQ-00008-00003304-00003790 spirit held its want to walk
+Lez63cYivOQ-00009-00003792-00003999 what does it mean my lord
+Lez63cYivOQ-00010-00004000-00004335 the king doth wait tonight and takes
+Lez63cYivOQ-00011-00004336-00004383 is his rouse
+Lez63cYivOQ-00012-00004384-00004686 custom i'm mary ist but to my mind
+Lez63cYivOQ-00013-00004687-00004863 though i am native here into the manner
+Lez63cYivOQ-00014-00004864-00005095 born and there's a custom more honored
+Lez63cYivOQ-00015-00005096-00005647 in the bricks than the observance
+Lez63cYivOQ-00016-00005648-00006095 it comes
+Lez63cYivOQ-00017-00006096-00006206 angels
+Lez63cYivOQ-00018-00006207-00007055 and ministers of grace defend us
+Lez63cYivOQ-00019-00007056-00007614 be now a spirit of help or goblin damned
+Lez63cYivOQ-00020-00007615-00007751 bring with the heirs from heaven or
+Lez63cYivOQ-00021-00007752-00007974 glass from hell
+Lez63cYivOQ-00022-00007975-00008319 be i intense wicked or charitable
+Lez63cYivOQ-00023-00008320-00008527 that comes in such a questionable shape
+Lez63cYivOQ-00024-00008528-00008759 that i will speak to the
+Lez63cYivOQ-00025-00008760-00008903 i would call the
+Lez63cYivOQ-00026-00008904-00009127 hamlet
+Lez63cYivOQ-00027-00009128-00009310 king
+Lez63cYivOQ-00028-00009311-00009527 father
+Lez63cYivOQ-00029-00009528-00009783 royal dane now answer me let me not
+Lez63cYivOQ-00030-00009784-00009983 burst in ignorance say why is this we're
+Lez63cYivOQ-00031-00009984-00010383 for what should we do
+Lez63cYivOQ-00032-00010384-00010583 beckons you to go away with it
+Lez63cYivOQ-00033-00010584-00010814 as if some apartment added desire to you
+Lez63cYivOQ-00034-00010815-00010903 alone
+Lez63cYivOQ-00035-00010904-00011110 look with what courteous action it waves
+Lez63cYivOQ-00036-00011111-00011359 you to a more removed ground but do not
+Lez63cYivOQ-00037-00011360-00011559 go with it no by no means it will not
+Lez63cYivOQ-00038-00011560-00011678 speak
+Lez63cYivOQ-00039-00011679-00011999 then will i follow it do not my lord why
+Lez63cYivOQ-00040-00012000-00012223 what should be the fear i do not set my
+Lez63cYivOQ-00041-00012224-00012446 life at a pins fee and for my soul what
+Lez63cYivOQ-00042-00012447-00012614 can it do to that being a thing immortal
+Lez63cYivOQ-00043-00012615-00012807 as itself
+Lez63cYivOQ-00044-00012808-00012999 the waves be forth again
+Lez63cYivOQ-00045-00013000-00013294 i will follow it do not my lord what if
+Lez63cYivOQ-00046-00013295-00013455 it tempt you toward the flood or to the
+Lez63cYivOQ-00047-00013456-00013566 dreadful summit of the cliff that
+Lez63cYivOQ-00048-00013568-00013743 beatles earth's face into the sea and
+Lez63cYivOQ-00049-00013744-00013911 there assumes some other horrible form
+Lez63cYivOQ-00050-00013912-00014047 that might deprive your sovereignty of
+Lez63cYivOQ-00051-00014047-00014303 reason and draw you into madness
+Lez63cYivOQ-00052-00014304-00014575 still i am called
+Lez63cYivOQ-00053-00014576-00014727 go on
+Lez63cYivOQ-00054-00014728-00014863 i'll follow thee
+Lez63cYivOQ-00055-00014863-00015055 you may not go my lord hold off your
+Lez63cYivOQ-00056-00015056-00015303 hands be rude you shall not go my fate
+Lez63cYivOQ-00057-00015304-00015503 cries out still i am cold unhand me
+Lez63cYivOQ-00058-00015504-00015735 gentlemen by heaven i'll make a ghost of
+Lez63cYivOQ-00059-00015736-00016143 him that lets me i say away
+Lez63cYivOQ-00060-00016144-00016286 go on
+Lez63cYivOQ-00061-00016287-00017279 i'll follow thee
+Lez63cYivOQ-00062-00017280-00017463 he waxes desperate with imagination
+Lez63cYivOQ-00063-00017464-00017671 let's follow him it is not fit thus to
+Lez63cYivOQ-00064-00017672-00017894 obey him to what issue
+Lez63cYivOQ-00065-00017895-00018063 something is rotten in the state of
+Lez63cYivOQ-00066-00018064-00018311 denmark heaven will direct it today
+Lez63cYivOQ-00067-00018312-00018967 let's follow them
+Lez63cYivOQ-00068-00018968-00019167 where the will that lead me
+Lez63cYivOQ-00069-00019168-00019279 speak
+Lez63cYivOQ-00070-00019280-00019622 i'll go no further
+Lez63cYivOQ-00071-00019623-00019999 mock me i will
+Lez63cYivOQ-00072-00020000-00020286 my hour is almost come
+Lez63cYivOQ-00073-00020287-00020567 when i too sulfurous and tormenting
+Lez63cYivOQ-00074-00020568-00020943 flames must render up myself once poor
+Lez63cYivOQ-00075-00020944-00021135 ghost freddie me not
+Lez63cYivOQ-00076-00021136-00021383 but lend thy serious hearing to what i
+Lez63cYivOQ-00077-00021384-00021550 shall unfold
+Lez63cYivOQ-00078-00021551-00021799 speak i am bound to you so art thou to
+Lez63cYivOQ-00079-00021800-00021927 revenge
+Lez63cYivOQ-00080-00021928-00022199 when thou shalt hear what
+Lez63cYivOQ-00081-00022200-00022535 i am thy father's spirit
+Lez63cYivOQ-00082-00022536-00022678 doomed
+Lez63cYivOQ-00083-00022679-00022967 for a certain term to walk the night
+Lez63cYivOQ-00084-00022968-00023239 and for the day confined to fasting
+Lez63cYivOQ-00085-00023240-00023527 fires till the foul crimes done in my
+Lez63cYivOQ-00086-00023528-00024711 days of nature are burnt and purged away
+Lez63cYivOQ-00087-00024712-00025039 revenge his foul and most unnatural
+Lez63cYivOQ-00088-00025040-00025342 murder murder murder most foul as in the
+Lez63cYivOQ-00089-00025343-00025542 best it is but this
+Lez63cYivOQ-00090-00025543-00025806 most foul strange
+Lez63cYivOQ-00091-00025807-00026062 and unnatural pace me to know it that i
+Lez63cYivOQ-00092-00026063-00026255 with wings as swift as meditation or the
+Lez63cYivOQ-00093-00026256-00026487 thoughts of love may sweep to my revenge
+Lez63cYivOQ-00094-00026488-00026735 i find the act
+Lez63cYivOQ-00095-00026736-00026935 and allah should stop ease in the fat
+Lez63cYivOQ-00096-00026936-00027151 weed that roots itself in ease unless
+Lez63cYivOQ-00097-00027152-00027551 they worth but still not stirring this
+Lez63cYivOQ-00098-00027552-00027751 now hamlet
+Lez63cYivOQ-00099-00027752-00027918 here
+Lez63cYivOQ-00100-00027919-00028174 tis given out that sleeping in my
+Lez63cYivOQ-00101-00028175-00028455 orchard a serpent stung me
+Lez63cYivOQ-00102-00028456-00028767 so the whole ear of denmark is by a
+Lez63cYivOQ-00103-00028768-00029183 forged process of my death rankly abused
+Lez63cYivOQ-00104-00029183-00029462 but know thou noble youth
+Lez63cYivOQ-00105-00029463-00029807 the serpents that did sting thy father's
+Lez63cYivOQ-00106-00029808-00029902 life
+Lez63cYivOQ-00107-00029904-00030335 now wears his crown
+Lez63cYivOQ-00108-00030336-00030679 oh my prophetic soul my now guy
+Lez63cYivOQ-00109-00030680-00030990 that incestuous that adulterer beast
+Lez63cYivOQ-00110-00030991-00031199 with witchcraft of his wit
+Lez63cYivOQ-00111-00031200-00031502 with traitorous gifts o wicked wit and
+Lez63cYivOQ-00112-00031503-00031814 gifts that have the power so to seduce
+Lez63cYivOQ-00113-00031816-00032087 one to his shameful lust the will of my
+Lez63cYivOQ-00114-00032088-00032502 most seeming virtuous queen
+Lez63cYivOQ-00115-00032503-00032718 oh hamlet
+Lez63cYivOQ-00116-00032719-00033023 but the falling off was there
+Lez63cYivOQ-00117-00033024-00033279 that's oft me thinks i sent the morning
+Lez63cYivOQ-00118-00033280-00033567 air brief let me be
+Lez63cYivOQ-00119-00033568-00033774 sleeping in my orchard
+Lez63cYivOQ-00120-00033775-00034046 my custom always of the afternoon
+Lez63cYivOQ-00121-00034047-00034383 upon my secure hour thy uncles stole
+Lez63cYivOQ-00122-00034384-00034718 with juice of cursed hebenon in a vial
+Lez63cYivOQ-00123-00034719-00034967 and in the porsches of my ears did poor
+Lez63cYivOQ-00124-00034968-00035199 the leprous distillment whose effect
+Lez63cYivOQ-00125-00035200-00035415 holds such an enmity with blood of man
+Lez63cYivOQ-00126-00035416-00035695 that swift as quicksilver it courses
+Lez63cYivOQ-00127-00035696-00035895 through the natural gates and alleys of
+Lez63cYivOQ-00128-00035896-00036118 the body and with a sudden vigor it dot
+Lez63cYivOQ-00129-00036119-00036383 deposit and curd like eager droppings
+Lez63cYivOQ-00130-00036384-00036751 into milk the thin and wholesome blood
+Lez63cYivOQ-00131-00036752-00037023 so did it mine
+Lez63cYivOQ-00132-00037024-00037127 thus
+Lez63cYivOQ-00133-00037128-00037246 was i
+Lez63cYivOQ-00134-00037247-00037415 sleeping
+Lez63cYivOQ-00135-00037416-00037662 by a brother's hand
+Lez63cYivOQ-00136-00037663-00037799 of life
+Lez63cYivOQ-00137-00037800-00037927 of crown
+Lez63cYivOQ-00138-00037928-00038271 of queen at once dispatched cut off even
+Lez63cYivOQ-00139-00038272-00038479 in the blossoms of my sin
+Lez63cYivOQ-00140-00038480-00038862 unhouseless disappointed not annealed no
+Lez63cYivOQ-00141-00038863-00039102 reckoning made but sent to my account
+Lez63cYivOQ-00142-00039103-00039479 with all my imperfections on my head
+Lez63cYivOQ-00143-00039480-00039918 oh horrible horrible most horrible
+Lez63cYivOQ-00144-00039919-00040223 if thou hast nature in me bear it not
+Lez63cYivOQ-00145-00040224-00040462 that not the bed of denmark be a couch
+Lez63cYivOQ-00146-00040463-00040935 for luxury and damn it incessant
+Lez63cYivOQ-00147-00040936-00041190 but howsoever thou pursuest this act
+Lez63cYivOQ-00148-00041191-00041383 ain't not thy mind
+Lez63cYivOQ-00149-00041384-00041639 nor let thy soul contrive against thy
+Lez63cYivOQ-00150-00041640-00041902 mother
+Lez63cYivOQ-00151-00041903-00042223 leave her to heaven
+Lez63cYivOQ-00152-00042224-00042471 and to those thorns that in her bosom
+Lez63cYivOQ-00153-00042472-00042871 lodge to prick and stinger
+Lez63cYivOQ-00154-00042872-00043079 fairly well at once
+Lez63cYivOQ-00155-00043080-00043287 the glowworm shows the matan to the
+Lez63cYivOQ-00156-00043288-00043607 earth and begins to pale his ineffectual
+Lez63cYivOQ-00157-00043608-00043846 fire
+Lez63cYivOQ-00158-00043847-00044087 that you
+Lez63cYivOQ-00159-00044088-00044262 that you
+Lez63cYivOQ-00160-00044263-00044451 hamlet
+Lez63cYivOQ-00161-00044452-00045646 remember me
+Lez63cYivOQ-00162-00045647-00045974 oh you heavenly host
+Lez63cYivOQ-00163-00045975-00046215 oh earth
+Lez63cYivOQ-00164-00046216-00046502 and what shall i couple hell
+Lez63cYivOQ-00165-00046503-00046879 file
+Lez63cYivOQ-00166-00046880-00046999 hold
+Lez63cYivOQ-00167-00047000-00047230 my heart
+Lez63cYivOQ-00168-00047231-00047486 i knew my sinews grow not instant old
+Lez63cYivOQ-00169-00047487-00047807 but bear me stiffly up
+Lez63cYivOQ-00170-00047808-00047990 remember the
+Lez63cYivOQ-00171-00047991-00048230 eye the poor ghost while memory holds a
+Lez63cYivOQ-00172-00048231-00048486 seat and this distracted globe remember
+Lez63cYivOQ-00173-00048487-00048727 thee
+Lez63cYivOQ-00174-00048728-00048846 yay
+Lez63cYivOQ-00175-00048847-00049071 from the table of my mind i'll wipe away
+Lez63cYivOQ-00176-00049072-00049335 all trivial fond records all souls of
+Lez63cYivOQ-00177-00049336-00049630 books all forms all pressures past and
+Lez63cYivOQ-00178-00049631-00049855 thy commandment all alone shall live
+Lez63cYivOQ-00179-00049856-00050062 within the book and volume of my brain
+Lez63cYivOQ-00180-00050063-00050374 unmixed with base or matter
+Lez63cYivOQ-00181-00050375-00050455 yes
+Lez63cYivOQ-00182-00050456-00050958 by heaven
+Lez63cYivOQ-00183-00050959-00051342 oh most pernicious woman
+Lez63cYivOQ-00184-00051344-00051511 oh villain
+Lez63cYivOQ-00185-00051512-00051854 villain smiling damn the villain
+Lez63cYivOQ-00186-00051855-00052087 my tables
+Lez63cYivOQ-00187-00052088-00052326 meet it as i should set it down the one
+Lez63cYivOQ-00188-00052327-00052671 may smile and smile and be a villain
+Lez63cYivOQ-00189-00052672-00053111 at least i am sure maybe so in denmark
+Lez63cYivOQ-00190-00053112-00053375 so uncle there you are
+Lez63cYivOQ-00191-00053376-00053703 and now to my word it is a jew
+Lez63cYivOQ-00192-00053704-00053894 a do you remember me
+Lez63cYivOQ-00193-00053895-00054175 i have sworn my lord my lord lord
+Lez63cYivOQ-00194-00054176-00054342 handling heaven
+Lez63cYivOQ-00195-00054344-00054638 so be it
+Lez63cYivOQ-00196-00054639-00054807 what news my lord how is it mind
+Lez63cYivOQ-00197-00054808-00055015 overlord oh
+Lez63cYivOQ-00198-00055016-00055207 wonderful
+Lez63cYivOQ-00199-00055208-00055542 good my lord tell it no you'll reveal it
+Lez63cYivOQ-00200-00055544-00055959 not i am my lord nor i my lord
+Lez63cYivOQ-00201-00055960-00056094 i'll say you then
+Lez63cYivOQ-00202-00056095-00056247 for the heart of man would think it but
+Lez63cYivOQ-00203-00056248-00056391 he'll be secret
+Lez63cYivOQ-00204-00056391-00056735 i my lord by heaven
+Lez63cYivOQ-00205-00056736-00056903 there's nara billion dwelling in a whole
+Lez63cYivOQ-00206-00056904-00057159 denmark but he's an errant knave
+Lez63cYivOQ-00207-00057160-00057359 there needs no ghosts my lord come from
+Lez63cYivOQ-00208-00057360-00057615 the graves tells this
+Lez63cYivOQ-00209-00057616-00057871 am i right you are in the right
+Lez63cYivOQ-00210-00057872-00058047 and so without more circumstance at all
+Lez63cYivOQ-00211-00058048-00058263 i i hold it fit that we shake hands and
+Lez63cYivOQ-00212-00058264-00058494 and part you as your business and desire
+Lez63cYivOQ-00213-00058495-00058663 shall point you for every man has
+Lez63cYivOQ-00214-00058664-00058887 business and desire such as it is and
+Lez63cYivOQ-00215-00058888-00059111 for my own part look you guys
+Lez63cYivOQ-00216-00059112-00059263 i'll go pray
+Lez63cYivOQ-00217-00059264-00059535 he's got wild whirling words my lord
+Lez63cYivOQ-00218-00059536-00059759 i'm sorry they offend you heartily
+Lez63cYivOQ-00219-00059760-00059966 yes faith hardly there's no offense my
+Lez63cYivOQ-00220-00059967-00060166 lord
+Lez63cYivOQ-00221-00060167-00060342 yes by saint patrick but there is
+Lez63cYivOQ-00222-00060344-00060623 horatio and much offense too
+Lez63cYivOQ-00223-00060624-00060823 touching his vision here and it is an
+Lez63cYivOQ-00224-00060824-00061063 honest ghost that let me tell you
+Lez63cYivOQ-00225-00061064-00061223 for your desire to know what is between
+Lez63cYivOQ-00226-00061224-00061623 us or mastered as you may
+Lez63cYivOQ-00227-00061624-00061919 and and now friends as you are friends
+Lez63cYivOQ-00228-00061920-00062191 scholars and soldiers
+Lez63cYivOQ-00229-00062191-00062406 give me one poor request
+Lez63cYivOQ-00230-00062407-00062606 what is it my lord we will
+Lez63cYivOQ-00231-00062607-00062791 never to make known what you have seen
+Lez63cYivOQ-00232-00062791-00062942 tonight
+Lez63cYivOQ-00233-00062944-00063182 my lord we will not
+Lez63cYivOQ-00234-00063183-00063366 but sweat
+Lez63cYivOQ-00235-00063367-00063647 in faith my lord not i not i my lord in
+Lez63cYivOQ-00236-00063648-00063735 faith
+Lez63cYivOQ-00237-00063736-00063942 upon my sword
+Lez63cYivOQ-00238-00063944-00064215 we have sworn my lord already indeed
+Lez63cYivOQ-00239-00064216-00064542 upon my sword indeed
+Lez63cYivOQ-00240-00064544-00064742 consent to swear
+Lez63cYivOQ-00241-00064744-00065023 propose the oath my lord never to speak
+Lez63cYivOQ-00242-00065024-00065182 about what you have seen
+Lez63cYivOQ-00243-00065183-00065354 swear by my sword
+Lez63cYivOQ-00244-00065355-00065543 swear
+Lez63cYivOQ-00245-00065544-00065999 what's going on
+Lez63cYivOQ-00246-00066000-00066215 let your hands again upon my sword
+Lez63cYivOQ-00247-00066216-00066367 never to speak of that which you have
+Lez63cYivOQ-00248-00066368-00066463 heard
+Lez63cYivOQ-00249-00066464-00066815 swear by my sword
+Lez63cYivOQ-00250-00066816-00066999 come here gentlemen oh day and night but
+Lez63cYivOQ-00251-00067000-00067191 this is wonder is strange
+Lez63cYivOQ-00252-00067192-00067438 then that's a stranger give it welcome
+Lez63cYivOQ-00253-00067439-00067591 there are more things in heaven and
+Lez63cYivOQ-00254-00067592-00067775 earth horatio than our thought love and
+Lez63cYivOQ-00255-00067776-00067982 your philosophy
+Lez63cYivOQ-00256-00067983-00068406 become
+Lez63cYivOQ-00257-00068407-00068535 here
+Lez63cYivOQ-00258-00068536-00068799 as before never so help you mercy how
+Lez63cYivOQ-00259-00068800-00069023 strange your odds to ere i bury myself
+Lez63cYivOQ-00260-00069024-00069199 as i perchance thereafter shall think
+Lez63cYivOQ-00261-00069200-00069455 meat to put an antic disposition on that
+Lez63cYivOQ-00262-00069456-00069750 you at such time seeing me never shall
+Lez63cYivOQ-00263-00069751-00069999 with arms encumbered thus or this head
+Lez63cYivOQ-00264-00070000-00070199 shake or by pronouncing of some doubtful
+Lez63cYivOQ-00265-00070200-00070431 praise to note that you know all of me
+Lez63cYivOQ-00266-00070432-00070694 this is not to do
+Lez63cYivOQ-00267-00070695-00070935 so grace and mercy at your most need
+Lez63cYivOQ-00268-00070936-00071038 help you
+Lez63cYivOQ-00269-00071039-00071343 swear swear
+Lez63cYivOQ-00270-00071344-00071479 rest
+Lez63cYivOQ-00271-00071480-00071726 rest for turbine spirit
+Lez63cYivOQ-00272-00071727-00071943 so gentlemen
+Lez63cYivOQ-00273-00071944-00072182 with all my love i do commend me to you
+Lez63cYivOQ-00274-00072183-00072367 and what the poor man as hamlet is may
+Lez63cYivOQ-00275-00072368-00072623 do to express my love and friending to
+Lez63cYivOQ-00276-00072624-00072903 you god willing shall not lack
+Lez63cYivOQ-00277-00072904-00073175 come let's go in together and still your
+Lez63cYivOQ-00278-00073176-00073447 fingers on your lips i pray
+Lez63cYivOQ-00279-00073448-00073694 the time is out of joint
+Lez63cYivOQ-00280-00073695-00073879 oh cursed spite did that where i was
+Lez63cYivOQ-00281-00073880-00074094 born to set it right
+Lez63cYivOQ-00282-00074095-00074532 now come let's go together
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00000-00000685-00000991 November 2013 the US Food and Drug
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00001-00000992-00001153 Administration announced their plan
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00002-00001154-00001375 stall but eliminate trans fats from
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00003-00001376-00001639 processed food citing a CDC statistic
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00004-00001641-00001807 that the elimination of partially
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00005-00001809-00001957 hydrogenated oils from the food supply
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00006-00001959-00002176 could prevent more than ten thousand
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00007-00002177-00002335 heart attacks and thousands of deaths
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00008-00002336-00002460 every year
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00009-00002461-00002714 currently trans fats enjoy so-called
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00010-00002715-00002957 grass status generally recognized as
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00011-00002958-00003254 safe how did these killer fats get
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00012-00003254-00003490 labeled as safe who gets to determine
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00013-00003492-00003899 that currently a generally recognized as
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00014-00003900-00004064 safe determination is made when the
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00015-00004065-00004247 manufacturer of a food substance
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00016-00004248-00004445 evaluates the safety of the substance
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00017-00004446-00004694 themselves and concludes that the use of
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00018-00004695-00005054 the substance is safe did I just read
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00019-00005055-00005387 that right the company that manufactures
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00020-00005388-00005618 the substance gets to determine if it's
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00021-00005619-00005749 safe or not
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00022-00005750-00005981 this approach is commonly referred to as
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00023-00005982-00006299 grass self-determination to make matters
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00024-00006300-00006569 worse not only do they not have to
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00025-00006570-00006856 inform the public they don't even have
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00026-00006858-00007133 to inform the FDA in a footnote they
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00027-00007134-00007451 explain that a company may voluntarily
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00028-00007452-00007700 tell the FDA they just came up with a
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00029-00007701-00007889 new food additive that they decided is
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00030-00007890-00008173 safe but are not required to even do
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00031-00008175-00008522 that the cumulative result is that there
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00032-00008523-00008777 is an estimated 6,000 current
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00033-00008778-00008972 affirmative safety decisions which allow
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00034-00008973-00009167 for more than estimated 10,000
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00035-00009168-00009353 substances to be used in food in
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00036-00009354-00009563 addition an estimated thousand
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00037-00009564-00009773 manufacturer safety decisions are never
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00038-00009774-00010075 reported to the FDA or the public
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00039-00010076-00010253 manufacturers in a trade association
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00040-00010254-00010511 made the remaining decisions without FDA
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00041-00010512-00010742 review by concluding on their own that
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00042-00010743-00010934 the substances that they themselves are
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00043-00010935-00011306 selling were safe while manufacturers
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00044-00011307-00011537 are not required to notify the FDA of a
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00045-00011538-00011717 quote-unquote safe determination
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00046-00011718-00012017 sometimes they do notify the agency with
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00047-00012018-00012356 a little fYI at least in those cases
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00048-00012357-00012539 where they're going public with their
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00049-00012540-00012683 decision as to what they're putting in
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00050-00012684-00012824 our food presumably they're being
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00051-00012825-00013060 aboveboard and finding some independent
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00052-00013061-00013353 third party panel the objective of this
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00053-00013354-00013817 was to find out of the 451 grass
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00054-00013818-00014030 notifications voluntarily submitted to
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00055-00014031-00014258 the FDA 22% were made by someone
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00056-00014259-00014603 directly employed by the company 13%
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00057-00014604-00014772 were made by someone directly employed
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00058-00014772-00015031 by a firm hand-picked by the company and
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00059-00015032-00015285 64% by a panel handpicked by the
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00060-00015286-00015530 corporation or the firm the corporation
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00061-00015531-00015924 hired are you doing the math yes that
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00062-00015925-00016172 means zero percent of safety decisions
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00063-00016173-00016494 were made independently an astonishing
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00064-00016495-00016733 hundred percent of the pet of the
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00065-00016734-00016955 members of expert panels worked directly
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00066-00016956-00017136 or indirectly for the companies that
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00067-00017137-00017316 manufacture the food additive in
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00068-00017317-00017544 question a hundred percent and those
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00069-00017545-00017700 were just the ones the food companies
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00070-00017701-00018089 told FDA about and they used the same
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00071-00018090-00018441 Renta scientist experts over and over
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00072-00018442-00018675 leaving food industry watchdog marion
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00073-00018676-00018950 Nestle to ask how is it possible that
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00074-00018951-00019259 the FDA permits manufacturers to decide
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00075-00019260-00019475 for themselves whether their food
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00076-00019476-00019856 additives are safe maybe it's because
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00077-00019857-00020067 many of the companies providing our
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00078-00020068-00020328 daily food or corporate giants with
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00079-00020329-00020583 political muscles national governments
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00080-00020584-00020961 would envy PepsiCo alone spent more than
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00081-00020962-00021243 nine million dollars in a single year to
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00082-00021244-00021515 lobby Congress the fact that food
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00083-00021516-00021678 additives like trans fats have been
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00084-00021679-00021861 allowed to kill thousands of Americans
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00085-00021862-00022115 year after year comes as less of a
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00086-00022116-00022383 surprise to those who realize three of
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00087-00022384-00022605 Washington's largest lobbying firms
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00088-00022606-00022856 reportedly now work for the food
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00089-00022857-00024457 industry
+LfnmQBm-FVg-00090-00024458-00024664 you
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00000-00000008-00000342 find out here he should be oh hey god
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00001-00000343-00000615 you know who that is christian united
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00002-00000616-00001015 first of all my god by vinca that was
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00003-00001016-00001327 the maiden the classic cosplay the real
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00004-00001328-00001623 dota 1 cosplay the puppy cosplay
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00005-00001623-00001871 showcasing the power of secrets oh my
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00006-00001872-00002110 god as a crystal maiden myself i can
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00007-00002111-00002342 tell you that this is extremely high
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00008-00002343-00002575 quality she's got the moves she's got
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00009-00002576-00002863 the skills oh the snow is coming out we
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00010-00002864-00003110 didn't even plan for that this stage has
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00011-00003111-00003415 no pyrotechnics this the snow is just
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00012-00003415-00003743 happening absolutely unbelievable there
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00013-00003744-00003999 very fantastic cosplay fun fact about
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00014-00004000-00004263 her by the way i wanted to come as venge
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00015-00004264-00004454 but she didn't want to do the face paint
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00016-00004455-00004622 and i don't blame her she swapped or
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00017-00004623-00004791 cosplays around
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00018-00004792-00004927 that's pretty good
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00019-00004928-00005127 look at the craftsmanship on that
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00020-00005128-00005302 absolutely fantastic
+LhI6nfOaDuu-00021-00005303-00005776 wow that is a great cosplay the face of
+LkwguE-eJUk-00000-00000168-00000303 hello everyone
+LkwguE-eJUk-00001-00000304-00000503 welcome to studying is fun and we will
+LkwguE-eJUk-00002-00000504-00000623 be learning
+LkwguE-eJUk-00003-00000624-00000975 expanded form let's do this
+LkwguE-eJUk-00004-00000976-00001143 i'm not going to waste any more of your
+LkwguE-eJUk-00005-00001144-00001295 time
+LkwguE-eJUk-00006-00001296-00001691 first we'll turn
+LkwguE-eJUk-00007-00001692-00001959 156 into
+LkwguE-eJUk-00008-00001960-00002318 expanded form how are we supposed to do
+LkwguE-eJUk-00009-00002319-00002526 this
+LkwguE-eJUk-00010-00002527-00002887 now the one that you see over here
+LkwguE-eJUk-00011-00002888-00003254 actually stands for and a hundred
+LkwguE-eJUk-00012-00003255-00003831 because it's in the hundreds place
+LkwguE-eJUk-00013-00003832-00004159 one hundreds tens in
+LkwguE-eJUk-00014-00004160-00004575 ones so this one actually stands
+LkwguE-eJUk-00015-00004576-00004999 for 100 instead of one
+LkwguE-eJUk-00016-00005000-00005318 the five will stand for
+LkwguE-eJUk-00017-00005319-00005479 50 because that's what it actually
+LkwguE-eJUk-00018-00005480-00005702 stands for and the six
+LkwguE-eJUk-00019-00005703-00006047 stands for well six maybe i'll make a
+LkwguE-eJUk-00020-00006048-00006247 video on that
+LkwguE-eJUk-00021-00006248-00006639 but first of all let's do this
+LkwguE-eJUk-00022-00006640-00007231 the one stands for one hundred
+LkwguE-eJUk-00023-00007231-00007534 the next thing we need is the five
+LkwguE-eJUk-00024-00007536-00007951 which stands for 50
+LkwguE-eJUk-00025-00007952-00008414 and plus the six 100 plus 50 plus six
+LkwguE-eJUk-00026-00008415-00008846 equals 156
+LkwguE-eJUk-00027-00008847-00009119 but we don't add the equal sign so this
+LkwguE-eJUk-00028-00009120-00009303 is expanded form
+LkwguE-eJUk-00029-00009304-00009735 100 plus 50 plus 6 equals 156
+LkwguE-eJUk-00030-00009736-00010135 but we don't add the equal sign
+LkwguE-eJUk-00031-00010136-00010327 that was quite a bit of information to
+LkwguE-eJUk-00032-00010328-00010438 take in
+LkwguE-eJUk-00033-00010439-00011159 we'll do some more though so don't worry
+LkwguE-eJUk-00034-00011160-00011510 okay 250 how do we do this
+LkwguE-eJUk-00035-00011511-00011999 let's do this
+LkwguE-eJUk-00036-00012000-00012238 remember hundreds place tens place and
+LkwguE-eJUk-00037-00012239-00012367 ones place
+LkwguE-eJUk-00038-00012368-00012759 this is the hundreds place tens place
+LkwguE-eJUk-00039-00012760-00013079 in ones place the two actually stands
+LkwguE-eJUk-00040-00013080-00013222 for 200
+LkwguE-eJUk-00041-00013223-00013527 the five actually stands for 50.
+LkwguE-eJUk-00042-00013528-00014079 and the zero stands for um zero
+LkwguE-eJUk-00043-00014080-00014438 okay let's do this so
+LkwguE-eJUk-00044-00014440-00014903 the 200 stands for 200
+LkwguE-eJUk-00045-00014904-00015271 and now the 5 actually stands for 50
+LkwguE-eJUk-00046-00015272-00015622 50 remember the plus sign and
+LkwguE-eJUk-00047-00015623-00015975 zero well zero has no
+LkwguE-eJUk-00048-00015976-00016247 value so there's actually no reason of
+LkwguE-eJUk-00049-00016247-00016327 including it
+LkwguE-eJUk-00050-00016328-00016630 so we are not going to include the zero
+LkwguE-eJUk-00051-00016631-00016883 because there's no reason of including
+LkwguE-eJUk-00052-00016884-00017015 it
+LkwguE-eJUk-00053-00017016-00017239 it doesn't have any value remember we
+LkwguE-eJUk-00054-00017240-00017430 don't put the equal sign
+LkwguE-eJUk-00055-00017431-00017879 so 200 plus 50 equals
+LkwguE-eJUk-00056-00017880-00018191 250
+LkwguE-eJUk-00057-00018192-00018543 okay let's do um
+LkwguE-eJUk-00058-00018544-00019243 six more
+LkwguE-eJUk-00059-00019244-00019814 662. let's do this
+LkwguE-eJUk-00060-00019815-00019967 remember let's split it up into
+LkwguE-eJUk-00061-00019968-00020135 hundredths place tens place in ones
+LkwguE-eJUk-00062-00020136-00020271 place
+LkwguE-eJUk-00063-00020272-00020599 hundredths place tens place
+LkwguE-eJUk-00064-00020600-00021086 and ones place now we have 662.
+LkwguE-eJUk-00065-00021087-00021743 the first six stands for six hundred
+LkwguE-eJUk-00066-00021744-00022335 the second six actually stands for sixty
+LkwguE-eJUk-00067-00022336-00022783 and now the two the two stands for
+LkwguE-eJUk-00068-00022784-00023167 two two now we have six hundred
+LkwguE-eJUk-00069-00023168-00023486 sixty-two literally six hundred
+LkwguE-eJUk-00070-00023487-00023655 sixty-two
+LkwguE-eJUk-00071-00023656-00023814 now we're going to add plus signs
+LkwguE-eJUk-00072-00023815-00024022 between the six hundred the sixty and
+LkwguE-eJUk-00073-00024023-00024327 the two
+LkwguE-eJUk-00074-00024328-00024630 this is expanded four expanded
+LkwguE-eJUk-00075-00024631-00024903 would equal six hundred plus sixty plus
+LkwguE-eJUk-00076-00024904-00025047 two
+LkwguE-eJUk-00077-00025048-00025855 okay let's do a few more
+LkwguE-eJUk-00078-00025856-00026358 okay 1562.
+LkwguE-eJUk-00079-00026360-00026583 this may look harder but it's actually
+LkwguE-eJUk-00080-00026583-00027031 not harder let me show you
+LkwguE-eJUk-00081-00027032-00027383 all right so thousands place now
+LkwguE-eJUk-00082-00027383-00027743 thousands place hundreds place
+LkwguE-eJUk-00083-00027744-00028062 tens place in ones place
+LkwguE-eJUk-00084-00028063-00028414 the first one actually stands for one
+LkwguE-eJUk-00085-00028416-00028990 thousand one thousand
+LkwguE-eJUk-00086-00028991-00029311 nice now we need five hundred
+LkwguE-eJUk-00087-00029312-00029823 because the five stands for five 500
+LkwguE-eJUk-00088-00029824-00030151 the 6 stands for 60
+LkwguE-eJUk-00089-00030152-00030487 and the 2 stands for
+LkwguE-eJUk-00090-00030488-00030799 2. if you're on if you're on a phone i'm
+LkwguE-eJUk-00091-00030800-00030927 sorry that this might be
+LkwguE-eJUk-00092-00030927-00031239 small but now
+LkwguE-eJUk-00093-00031239-00031462 what we're going to do is we're going to
+LkwguE-eJUk-00094-00031463-00031679 add plus sides between them
+LkwguE-eJUk-00095-00031680-00032167 plus side plus sign and plus sign
+LkwguE-eJUk-00096-00032168-00032470 so now it looks like one thousand plus
+LkwguE-eJUk-00097-00032472-00032543 five hundred
+LkwguE-eJUk-00098-00032544-00032943 plus sixty plus two so now
+LkwguE-eJUk-00099-00032944-00033111 one thousand plus five hundred plus
+LkwguE-eJUk-00100-00033112-00033367 sixty plus two equals
+LkwguE-eJUk-00101-00033368-00033727 one thousand five hundred sixty-two
+LkwguE-eJUk-00102-00033728-00034118 okay let's do a tricky one
+LkwguE-eJUk-00103-00034119-00034327 which might look which might not look
+LkwguE-eJUk-00104-00034328-00034831 tricky at first
+LkwguE-eJUk-00105-00034832-00035479 okay what about 5 000
+LkwguE-eJUk-00106-00035480-00035815 thousands place hundreds place
+LkwguE-eJUk-00107-00035816-00036143 tens place ones place
+LkwguE-eJUk-00108-00036144-00036630 okay let's do this
+LkwguE-eJUk-00109-00036631-00036990 all right so first we have to add
+LkwguE-eJUk-00110-00036991-00037351 up all of these now so what does five
+LkwguE-eJUk-00111-00037352-00037751 five stand for five thousand
+LkwguE-eJUk-00112-00037752-00038102 five thousand hey what about all the
+LkwguE-eJUk-00113-00038103-00038351 zeros they all stand for zero
+LkwguE-eJUk-00114-00038352-00038583 actually they have no value so we don't
+LkwguE-eJUk-00115-00038584-00038727 have to include them
+LkwguE-eJUk-00116-00038728-00038999 so five thousand in expanded form is
+LkwguE-eJUk-00117-00039000-00039095 just
+LkwguE-eJUk-00118-00039096-00039430 five thousand five thousand is expanded
+LkwguE-eJUk-00119-00039431-00039511 form for five
+LkwguE-eJUk-00120-00039512-00039974 thousand okay
+LkwguE-eJUk-00121-00039975-00040759 now let's do three more
+LkwguE-eJUk-00122-00040760-00041151 let's do this first
+LkwguE-eJUk-00123-00041152-00041367 we have to split them up into the
+LkwguE-eJUk-00124-00041368-00041774 correct places
+LkwguE-eJUk-00125-00041775-00042199 thousands place hundreds place
+LkwguE-eJUk-00126-00042200-00042630 tens and ones alright
+LkwguE-eJUk-00127-00042631-00042974 now we're going to
+LkwguE-eJUk-00128-00042975-00043374 make it expanded the one stands for
+LkwguE-eJUk-00129-00043375-00043702 a thousand
+LkwguE-eJUk-00130-00043703-00043990 thousand and now the first five stands
+LkwguE-eJUk-00131-00043991-00044199 for
+LkwguE-eJUk-00132-00044200-00044655 500 the second five stands for
+LkwguE-eJUk-00133-00044656-00045062 50. my goodness they look awfully like
+LkwguE-eJUk-00134-00045063-00045415 sixes all right and now the
+LkwguE-eJUk-00135-00045416-00045855 six stands for six
+LkwguE-eJUk-00136-00045856-00046095 all right now we're going to add these
+LkwguE-eJUk-00137-00046096-00046255 up
+LkwguE-eJUk-00138-00046256-00046430 we're not going to actually add these up
+LkwguE-eJUk-00139-00046431-00046599 we're just going to put plus signs in
+LkwguE-eJUk-00140-00046600-00046983 there
+LkwguE-eJUk-00141-00046984-00047311 so 1550
+LkwguE-eJUk-00142-00047312-00047758 plus 6. all right so 1556 in
+LkwguE-eJUk-00143-00047759-00048030 expanded form is one thousand plus five
+LkwguE-eJUk-00144-00048031-00048295 hundred plus fifty plus six
+LkwguE-eJUk-00145-00048296-00048886 all right let's do another one
+LkwguE-eJUk-00146-00048887-00049151 five hundred sixty six what does that
+LkwguE-eJUk-00147-00049152-00049327 equal
+LkwguE-eJUk-00148-00049328-00049707 well let's do this
+LkwguE-eJUk-00149-00049708-00050286 566 and that equals
+LkwguE-eJUk-00150-00050287-00050655 we gotta split them up remember
+LkwguE-eJUk-00151-00050656-00050967 hundreds tens
+LkwguE-eJUk-00152-00050968-00051311 and ones now the five
+LkwguE-eJUk-00153-00051312-00051766 stands for five hundred
+LkwguE-eJUk-00154-00051767-00052102 five hundred next
+LkwguE-eJUk-00155-00052103-00052414 is the first six and that e
+LkwguE-eJUk-00156-00052415-00052807 and that um actually stands for
+LkwguE-eJUk-00157-00052808-00053282 sixty and now the last six stands for
+LkwguE-eJUk-00158-00053283-00053687 six five hundred plus sixty plus six
+LkwguE-eJUk-00159-00053688-00053942 equals five hundred sixty-six so we're
+LkwguE-eJUk-00160-00053944-00054038 correct
+LkwguE-eJUk-00161-00054039-00054279 five hundred sixty-six in expanded form
+LkwguE-eJUk-00162-00054279-00054591 is five hundred plus sixty plus six
+LkwguE-eJUk-00163-00054591-00055015 okay now let's do one more
+LkwguE-eJUk-00164-00055016-00055287 oh my goodness it's already been like
+LkwguE-eJUk-00165-00055288-00055382 nine
+LkwguE-eJUk-00166-00055383-00055903 minutes
+LkwguE-eJUk-00167-00055904-00056335 okay 5001.
+LkwguE-eJUk-00168-00056336-00056591 let's split them up into groups
+LkwguE-eJUk-00169-00056591-00056759 thousands
+LkwguE-eJUk-00170-00056760-00057191 hundreds tens ones
+LkwguE-eJUk-00171-00057191-00057494 all right the five stands for
+LkwguE-eJUk-00172-00057495-00057879 five thousand the two zeros have no
+LkwguE-eJUk-00173-00057879-00057999 value
+LkwguE-eJUk-00174-00058000-00058375 these two so we don't have to include
+LkwguE-eJUk-00175-00058376-00058479 them
+LkwguE-eJUk-00176-00058479-00058959 and then the one stands for one
+LkwguE-eJUk-00177-00058960-00059271 five thousand plus one equals
+LkwguE-eJUk-00178-00059272-00059582 five thousand and one so five
+LkwguE-eJUk-00179-00059583-00059854 thousand and one in expanded form is
+LkwguE-eJUk-00180-00059855-00059942 five thousand
+LkwguE-eJUk-00181-00059944-00060335 plus one okay we're done
+LkwguE-eJUk-00182-00060336-00060654 thanks for watching give me a like
+LkwguE-eJUk-00183-00060655-00061030 subscribe and comment click this
+LkwguE-eJUk-00184-00061032-00061967 for our most recent upload goodbye
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00000-00000003-00000231 so we're going to move from polynomials
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00001-00000233-00000572 into rational expressions and
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00002-00000573-00000800 simplifying and multiplying them so what
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00003-00000801-00001007 is a rational number that's the first
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00004-00001008-00001183 thing that we need to talk about we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00005-00001184-00001307 discussed it a little bit in the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00006-00001308-00001589 beginning of class but just for review
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00007-00001590-00001857 rational numbers are quotients or
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00008-00001859-00002173 fractions fancy word for fractions of
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00009-00002174-00002577 integers and again what are integers
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00010-00002578-00003001 whole numbers positive negative and zero
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00011-00003002-00003240 so some examples of rational numbers
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00012-00003242-00003878 would be like 2/3 or 3/4 okay fractions
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00013-00003879-00004145 fancy word for fractions but now
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00014-00004146-00004558 rational expressions are quotients of
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00015-00004559-00004901 polynomials so it does tie in to our
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00016-00004902-00005161 last chapter still dealing with
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00017-00005162-00005384 polynomials but now we're looking at a
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00018-00005385-00005651 quotient or a fraction of two
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00019-00005652-00005881 polynomials so what would it look like
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00020-00005882-00006163 I've got a polynomial up top and a
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00021-00006164-00006496 polynomial down below Borini polynomial
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00022-00006497-00006695 since it's just a constant what it still
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00023-00006695-00006898 counts we've got a fraction of
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00024-00006900-00007209 polynomial on top polynomial down below
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00025-00007211-00007420 something a little more exciting T
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00026-00007422-00007894 squared minus 16 T plus 1 all over T
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00027-00007895-00008189 more exciting polynomial more exciting
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00028-00008190-00008363 polynomial again we're looking at a
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00029-00008364-00008685 fraction so it is a rational expression
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00030-00008686-00008930 so a rational expression indicates
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00031-00008931-00009196 division obviously since we have
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00032-00009197-00009499 fractions so we have to be careful to
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00033-00009500-00010019 avoid dividing by zero if we do things
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00034-00010020-00010196 explode down here so in our first
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00035-00010197-00010396 example we were only ever dividing by
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00036-00010397-00010688 seven so that's fine but over here if I
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00037-00010689-00010928 plug in zero for T this thing is gonna
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00038-00010929-00011192 explode it's gonna have some issues not
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00039-00011193-00011585 be defined so that first examples X
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00040-00011586-00012119 minus 8 over X minus 2 so if X is
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00041-00012120-00012510 actually equal to 2 then what happens
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00042-00012511-00012796 what happens to that expression if X is
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00043-00012797-00013533 equal to the expression becomes
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00044-00013534-00014110 what 2 minus 8 over 2 minus 2 so we get
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00045-00014111-00014353 a negative number up top that's fine but
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00046-00014354-00015005 down below I have 0 which isn't defined
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00047-00015006-00015549 not defined we can never divide by 0
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00048-00015550-00015838 in later math classes you'll study the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00049-00015838-00016138 implications of what this means picture
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00050-00016138-00016321 wise we have asymptotes what in this
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00051-00016322-00016450 class we're not going to worry about it
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00052-00016451-00016807 but we do need to figure out all the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00053-00016808-00016957 numbers for which the rational
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00054-00016958-00017169 expressions are going to be undefined
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00055-00017170-00017428 because it's different depending on what
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00056-00017429-00017694 polynomial I have down here so in this
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00057-00017695-00017974 case I couldn't plug in 2 because it'll
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00058-00017975-00018229 make my denominator 0 what up here I
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00059-00018230-00018418 can't plug in 0 because it'll make the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00060-00018419-00018583 denominator 0
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00061-00018584-00018787 this one I could plug in whenever I want
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00062-00018788-00019054 because the denominator is always 7 so
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00063-00019055-00019237 it just depends on which rational
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00064-00019238-00019444 expression we're looking at so we need
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00065-00019445-00019684 to find all of the numbers for which a
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00066-00019685-00019981 rational expression is undefined in our
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00067-00019982-00020253 next example we've got that polynomial
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00068-00020254-00020775 up top and this one down below so again
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00069-00020776-00021006 what does it mean for the rational
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00070-00021007-00021256 expression to be undefined the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00071-00021257-00021497 denominator whatever is down there
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00072-00021498-00022036 cannot be equal to 0 so our little
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00073-00022037-00022275 notation equal with the line through it
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00074-00022276-00022659 just means cannot be equal to okay so
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00075-00022660-00022984 how do we solve for those X values we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00076-00022985-00023236 saw this in the last two sections of
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00077-00023237-00023509 chapter 5 we need to factor and set each
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00078-00023510-00023836 piece equal to 0 so I've got a 1 out on
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00079-00023837-00024059 the front I know I need an X and an X
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00080-00024060-00024531 and I need to break up negative 10 into
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00081-00024532-00024669 things that are going to multiply to
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00082-00024670-00024964 negative 10 add to negative 3 so we need
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00083-00024965-00025327 negative 5 and positive 2 and when I
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00084-00025328-00025591 have two things being multiplied and
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00085-00025592-00025849 it's equal to zero or in this case not
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00086-00025850-00026077 equal to zero what can we do
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00087-00026077-00026420 either that first piece is equal to 0 or
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00088-00026422-00026655 not equal to you and what does that mean
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00089-00026656-00027095 for X value I cannot plug in five there
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00090-00027097-00027447 first or the second piece X plus two
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00091-00027448-00027720 cannot be equal to zero which means X
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00092-00027720-00028167 cannot be negative two so we can plug in
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00093-00028168-00028497 any numbers that we want except for five
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00094-00028498-00028773 and negative two because when we do that
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00095-00028774-00028977 our denominator is going to be equal to
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00096-00028977-00029298 zero and that can't happen so go ahead
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00097-00029299-00029520 and take those next to find all numbers
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00098-00029520-00029720 for which the rational expressions are
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00099-00029722-00030099 not defined so in the first one again
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00100-00030100-00030348 the denominator cannot be equal to zero
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00101-00030349-00030648 so if I set the denominator not equal to
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00102-00030649-00030831 zero what does that mean for my x value
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00103-00030832-00031173 it cannot be three I could plug in
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00104-00031174-00031335 anything else and you can actually try
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00105-00031336-00031569 if you're not convinced if I plug in
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00106-00031570-00031920 zero for X I get out negative 3 and the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00107-00031920-00032133 denominator that's legal if I plug in 2
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00108-00032133-00032394 I get out negative one can try a whole
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00109-00032395-00032547 bunch of other numbers just to convince
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00110-00032548-00032880 yourself but once I hit three 3 minus 3
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00111-00032881-00033225 is 0 thing is undefined and then what
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00112-00033226-00033615 about for Part B I only ever have 18 in
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00113-00033616-00033933 the denominator which isn't zero so what
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00114-00033934-00034115 does that mean I don't have any
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00115-00034116-00034452 restrictions I can plug in any number
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00116-00034453-00034692 that I want and this thing will be
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00117-00034693-00034935 defined so we want to look at combining
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00118-00034936-00035109 these with different operations and the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00119-00035110-00035265 first one that we're going to look at is
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00120-00035266-00035505 multiplication so when we're multiplying
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00121-00035506-00035781 rational expressions things that have
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00122-00035782-00036090 variables it happens in the same way
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00123-00036091-00036305 when we're just multiplying rational
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00124-00036306-00036609 numbers without any variables involved
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00125-00036610-00036954 so we go straight across the top 3 times
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00126-00036955-00037176 9 straight across the bottom alright
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00127-00037177-00038082 times 2 so we get 27 hits okay and we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00128-00038083-00038226 always want to ask if we can simplify
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00129-00038227-00038589 when we're working with these kinds of
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00130-00038590-00038814 rational numbers when we multiply them
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00131-00038815-00039054 so the same story holds with our
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00132-00039055-00039243 rational expressions we want to be able
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00133-00039244-00039440 to simplify as far as we can go
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00134-00039441-00039718 so again to multiply rational expression
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00135-00039719-00040151 we multiply the numerators numerators
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00136-00040152-00040495 and what else would not apply the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00137-00040496-00041065 denominators together and we want to
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00138-00041066-00041224 make sure that we simplify as far as we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00139-00041225-00041476 can go so let's look at a few first
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00140-00041477-00041992 example whenever I have an expression
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00141-00041993-00042233 with a sum or a difference in the middle
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00142-00042234-00042514 I'm always going to group together what
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00143-00042515-00042773 comes together in the beginning because
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00144-00042774-00043111 if I multiply anything times this
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00145-00043112-00043399 quantity X minus 2 I have to give it to
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00146-00043400-00043645 both pieces I'm gonna have to distribute
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00147-00043646-00043849 so in the very beginning if we group
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00148-00043850-00044071 together what comes together were less
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00149-00044072-00044351 likely to make mistakes and I don't need
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00150-00044352-00044564 to throw a grouping around 3 because
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00151-00044565-00044951 he's singular if I multiply something
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00152-00044952-00045145 times 3 it's literally just something
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00153-00045146-00045367 times 3 we don't have to distribute to
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00154-00045368-00045536 more than one turn because there's only
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00155-00045537-00045761 one involved so let's look at this
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00156-00045762-00046048 multiplication what has to happen again
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00157-00046049-00046333 we go straight across the top X minus 2
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00158-00046334-00047024 over times X plus 2 over 3 times X plus
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00159-00047025-00047330 7 so do you see why we need those
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00160-00047331-00047665 parentheses cuz I'm gonna have to foil
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00161-00047666-00047882 this out in order to get rid of those
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00162-00047883-00048104 parentheses I'm not just gonna multiply
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00163-00048105-00048395 negative 2 and X together I didn't write
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00164-00048396-00048560 the parenthesis on there that's what it
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00165-00048561-00048830 would look like it's in this case if we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00166-00048831-00049063 look to simplifies or anything exactly
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00167-00049064-00049237 the same top and bottom that we can
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00168-00049238-00049321 cancel out
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00169-00049322-00049696 no that's as far as we can go and let's
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00170-00049697-00049912 look at another numerical example
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00171-00049913-00050210 example but I'm gonna kind of do the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00172-00050211-00050757 reverse now so how can I break up 14
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00173-00050758-00051064 into its factors if I break it down I
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00174-00051065-00051490 have 2 and set it so we're kind of doing
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00175-00051491-00051745 the reverse of what we've just done them
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00176-00051746-00051925 starting with a number breaking it up
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00177-00051926-00052286 into the factors and again what happens
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00178-00052287-00052622 in this case can I break it up yeah I've
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00179-00052623-00052985 got 2 divided by 2 and if I take 2 out
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00180-00052986-00053057 of the numerator
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00181-00053058-00053462 what am I left with what so what is two
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00182-00053463-00053791 divided by two same thing divided by the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00183-00053792-00054188 same thing is one so we're left with 1/7
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00184-00054189-00054419 so that illustrates my point that we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00185-00054420-00054644 want to be able to break it down as far
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00186-00054645-00054965 as we can go and simplify so after we've
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00187-00054966-00055090 multiplied we always want to check
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00188-00055091-00055340 written in those factors is there
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00189-00055341-00055544 anything common that we can get rid of
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00190-00055545-00055808 in both the top and the bottom so let's
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00191-00055809-00056144 look at a few very beginning 8 x squared
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00192-00056145-00056779 + 24 X so if I want to break 8 and 24
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00193-00056780-00056852 down
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00194-00056853-00057065 first of all do they share anything in
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00195-00057066-00057229 common just looking between the numbers
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00196-00057230-00057599 they both have a factor of 8 so I don't
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00197-00057600-00057896 need to break it down into 2 times 2
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00198-00057897-00058400 times 2 I can just break 24 down into 8
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00199-00058401-00058646 in something and cancel it with this 8
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00200-00058647-00058850 up top so we don't always have to break
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00201-00058851-00059138 it into the smallest factors possible we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00202-00059139-00059317 just need ones that are common that we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00203-00059319-00059702 can cancel out so let's take a peek up
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00204-00059703-00060173 top I've got 8 + X times X 2 factors
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00205-00060174-00060422 since its squared and wake up break up
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00206-00060423-00061025 24 into 8 times 3 times X we multiplied
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00207-00061026-00061184 it all together we would still get to
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00208-00061185-00061538 this rational expression but now we can
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00209-00061539-00061741 look and see what's common that we can
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00210-00061742-00062069 take out of both of them so the same
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00211-00062070-00062294 thing divided by the same thing as 1
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00212-00062295-00062585 it's gone and our X is same thing
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00213-00062586-00062900 divided by the same thing 1 so what are
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00214-00062901-00063221 we left with up top X and what are we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00215-00063222-00063766 left with down below 3 ok practice some
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00216-00063767-00064033 more taking the next rational expression
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00217-00064034-00064504 we need to look at what we can cancel so
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00218-00064505-00064832 down below I've got 10 so up top I need
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00219-00064833-00065132 a factor of 2 or 5 or 10 to be able to
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00220-00065133-00065324 cancel with it down below
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00221-00065325-00065636 so let's look common between our
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00222-00065637-00065981 numerators terms what can we take out of
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00223-00065982-00066169 both factor
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00224-00066170-00066522 five when we do that what we left with a
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00225-00066523-00067094 plus three so now that everything is
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00226-00067095-00067301 being multiplied together we can start
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00227-00067302-00067676 canceling it out so 5 goes into 10 two
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00228-00067677-00068012 times and we're left with a plus three
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00229-00068013-00068418 over two and how come I don't need the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00230-00068419-00068656 parentheses around a plus three anymore
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00231-00068657-00068943 one of my multiplying by out on the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00232-00068944-00069279 front one one times anything is just
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00233-00069280-00069555 itself so our most simplified version
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00234-00069556-00069912 we don't need parentheses out there all
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00235-00069913-00070167 right let's look at the next looking
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00236-00070168-00070323 between the top and bottom right now I
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00237-00070324-00070692 can't see what's gonna cancel and let's
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00238-00070693-00070836 just go ahead and try to factor the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00239-00070837-00071105 numerator and the denominator because we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00240-00071106-00071282 need everything to be multiplied
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00241-00071283-00071557 together to be able to cancel things out
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00242-00071558-00071874 so common between my two numerator terms
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00243-00071875-00072153 that I can take out of boats is a factor
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00244-00072154-00072729 of six I'm left with a plus two and down
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00245-00072730-00073146 below common between 7a and 14 is a
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00246-00073147-00073428 common 7 that we can take out of both
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00247-00073429-00073665 and when we do that we're left with n
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00248-00073666-00073988 plus 2 sometimes we have to factor in
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00249-00073989-00074363 order to see what will cancel so common
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00250-00074364-00074610 in the top and in the bottom that we can
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00251-00074611-00074825 get rid of same thing divided by the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00252-00074826-00075251 same thing this is gonna simplify to 6
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00253-00075252-00075600 cents 6 over 7 so trying a few more in
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00254-00075601-00075999 the next page looking at D we can't see
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00255-00076000-00076181 necessarily what's in common top and
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00256-00076182-00076359 bottom or what we need to work towards
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00257-00076360-00076629 so let's just start factoring numerator
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00258-00076630-00076787 individually and denominator
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00259-00076788-00077051 individually so looking at the top time
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00260-00077052-00077340 between these two terms that we can take
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00261-00077341-00077754 out of both as a factor of 2x and when
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00262-00077755-00078080 we do that what are we left with 3x plus
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00263-00078081-00078524 2 and that is all over what so look in
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00264-00078525-00078707 common between these two that we can
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00265-00078708-00079023 take out of both is a factor again 2x
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00266-00079024-00079260 and what are we left with on the inside
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00267-00079261-00079772 X +1 so now that we have mold location
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00268-00079773-00080012 everywhere you can start canceling out
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00269-00080013-00080342 those factors same thing up top same
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00270-00080343-00080657 thing down below we're left with 3 X
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00271-00080658-00081101 plus 2 over X plus 1 and again we don't
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00272-00081102-00081242 need the parentheses anymore around
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00273-00081243-00081476 these cuz we're just multiplying by 1 on
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00274-00081477-00081932 the outside okay e last one before I set
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00275-00081933-00082319 you loose got a trinomial up top and a
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00276-00082320-00082763 coefficient of one and all of my signs
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00277-00082764-00082967 are positive so that tells me these are
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00278-00082968-00083249 gonna be positive and two is prime so I
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00279-00083250-00083381 know I need two and one
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00280-00083382-00083616 I'm just kind of factors itself as we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00281-00083617-00083865 ask the right questions and we can
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00282-00083866-00084084 double check if I multiplied two and one
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00283-00084085-00084390 I get two if I add them together I get
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00284-00084391-00084586 three so we did factored it correctly
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00285-00084587-00084932 and I've got a binomial down here two
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00286-00084933-00085268 terms so first question should be is it
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00287-00085269-00085647 a difference of squares and it is and it
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00288-00085648-00086135 breaks up into X minus 1 X plus 1 since
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00289-00086136-00086504 we have multiplication everywhere now we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00290-00086505-00086756 can look common up top comment down
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00291-00086757-00087084 below cancel out those terms so what's
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00292-00087085-00087125 left
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00293-00087126-00087662 X plus 2 up top and X minus 1 down below
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00294-00087663-00088106 right so take those next three simplify
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00295-00088107-00088460 them down as far as you can go so common
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00296-00088461-00088665 between the first two in the numerator
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00297-00088666-00088935 that we can take out was an X when we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00298-00088936-00089281 did that we were left with 2x plus 1
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00299-00089282-00089549 everything is factored we only are
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00300-00089550-00089882 dealing with multiplication now and in
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00301-00089883-00090107 the denominator common between these two
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00302-00090108-00090386 is a factor of X when we do that we're
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00303-00090387-00090822 left with 3x plus 2 so again common up
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00304-00090823-00091007 top comment down below
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00305-00091008-00091272 same thing divided by the same thing is
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00306-00091273-00091865 1 so we've got 2x plus 1 over 3x plus 2
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00307-00091866-00092085 you can always check at the end
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00308-00092086-00092373 can I go any farther with this can I
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00309-00092374-00092539 break it down any farther
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00310-00092540-00092866 no next one up tap we've got a
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00311-00092867-00093184 difference of squares and we've seen
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00312-00093185-00093553 that one before down here so we know how
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00313-00093554-00094030 that factors and I have a trinomial down
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00314-00094031-00094423 below it's a two out in the front so you
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00315-00094424-00094650 might be tempted to try the AC method
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00316-00094651-00095107 but two is prime one is prime so we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00317-00095108-00095497 really don't have that many options we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00318-00095498-00095656 just have to figure out what sign needs
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00319-00095657-00095743 to go where
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00320-00095744-00096109 so my larger combo between outer and
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00321-00096110-00096358 inner needs to be negative so that when
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00322-00096359-00096571 I add them together I get a negative so
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00323-00096572-00097072 what's larger 2 X or 1x larger one is 2x
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00324-00097073-00097267 so this one needs to be negative that
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00325-00097268-00097603 one needs to be positive so good looking
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00326-00097604-00097888 common up top comment down below that we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00327-00097889-00098191 can cancel out of lope and we're left
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00328-00098192-00098833 with X plus 1 over 2x plus 1 and the
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00329-00098834-00099178 last common between these two terms that
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00330-00099179-00099462 we can take out of both factor of 12
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00331-00099463-00099870 when we do that we're left with y plus 2
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00332-00099871-00100294 and now what do I want to break 48 up
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00333-00100295-00100642 into knowing that I have a factor of 12
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00334-00100643-00101026 up top I'm gonna break 48 up and do 12
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00335-00101027-00101347 times 4 we don't need to break it down
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00336-00101348-00101695 into its prime factorization we just
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00337-00101696-00101956 need ones that are in common with what
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00338-00101957-00102172 we've already factored up so same thing
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00339-00102173-00102517 up top same thing below cancel that out
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00340-00102518-00102984 we're left with y plus 2 over 4 we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00341-00102985-00103114 always want to check out the end can we
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00342-00103115-00103219 go any farther
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00343-00103220-00103378 is there anything outside we could
+MoJqD0UNdh8-00344-00103379-00103702 cancel nah
+M2lUkhXNjto-00000-00000664-00000871 okay
+M2lUkhXNjto-00001-00000872-00001087 i assume i can now be heard and i want
+M2lUkhXNjto-00002-00001088-00001278 to welcome all members of the public
+M2lUkhXNjto-00003-00001279-00001431 and all members of the commission and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00004-00001432-00001671 staff to this public meeting of the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00005-00001672-00001839 united states consumer product safety
+M2lUkhXNjto-00006-00001839-00001951 commission
+M2lUkhXNjto-00007-00001952-00002151 we have one item on the agenda this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00008-00002152-00002359 morning a decisional matter on what we
+M2lUkhXNjto-00009-00002360-00002479 call the fiscal year
+M2lUkhXNjto-00010-00002480-00002783 2021 mid-year two proposal
+M2lUkhXNjto-00011-00002784-00003047 today's meeting will address the extra
+M2lUkhXNjto-00012-00003048-00003270 funding given to cpsc in the recent
+M2lUkhXNjto-00013-00003271-00003359 american
+M2lUkhXNjto-00014-00003360-00003775 rescue plan act or arpa as i refer to it
+M2lUkhXNjto-00015-00003776-00003959 this is money that is to be spent over
+M2lUkhXNjto-00016-00003960-00004151 the course of five years with a major
+M2lUkhXNjto-00017-00004152-00004327 focus on addressing product safety
+M2lUkhXNjto-00018-00004328-00004422 concerns
+M2lUkhXNjto-00019-00004423-00004759 arising from the covid pandemic crisis
+M2lUkhXNjto-00020-00004760-00004959 specifically we've been directed to the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00021-00004960-00005127 following purposes
+M2lUkhXNjto-00022-00005128-00005311 to carry out the requirements of public
+M2lUkhXNjto-00023-00005312-00005606 law 116-260 which among other things
+M2lUkhXNjto-00024-00005607-00005783 imposed a number of new legislative
+M2lUkhXNjto-00025-00005784-00005934 duties
+M2lUkhXNjto-00026-00005935-00006167 on the commission such as implementing a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00027-00006168-00006391 new standard for furniture flammability
+M2lUkhXNjto-00028-00006392-00006583 and implementing a new standard for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00029-00006584-00006839 portable fuel containers
+M2lUkhXNjto-00030-00006840-00007070 also to enhance the agency's port
+M2lUkhXNjto-00031-00007072-00007231 staffing capabilities
+M2lUkhXNjto-00032-00007231-00007431 especially with respect to targeting and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00033-00007431-00007663 screening of covid 19 products entering
+M2lUkhXNjto-00034-00007664-00007798 through traditional ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-00035-00007800-00007951 and de minimis shipments entering
+M2lUkhXNjto-00036-00007952-00008199 through traditional ports and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00037-00008200-00008510 lately other specialized ports third to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00038-00008511-00008727 enhance monitoring of internet websites
+M2lUkhXNjto-00039-00008728-00008831 for the offering
+M2lUkhXNjto-00040-00008832-00009063 of sale of piloted goods with the focus
+M2lUkhXNjto-00041-00009064-00009214 on covet 19.
+M2lUkhXNjto-00042-00009215-00009414 forced to increase awareness and enhance
+M2lUkhXNjto-00043-00009415-00009671 communications especially about covet 19
+M2lUkhXNjto-00044-00009672-00009751 hazards
+M2lUkhXNjto-00045-00009752-00009983 and finally to improve the agency's data
+M2lUkhXNjto-00046-00009984-00010159 collection and analysis
+M2lUkhXNjto-00047-00010160-00010391 systems especially with the focus on
+M2lUkhXNjto-00048-00010392-00010574 underserved communities dealing with the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00049-00010575-00010742 coveted crisis
+M2lUkhXNjto-00050-00010743-00011023 so our task today is allocate funds from
+M2lUkhXNjto-00051-00011024-00011110 these dollars
+M2lUkhXNjto-00052-00011111-00011542 for the remaining six months of fy 2021.
+M2lUkhXNjto-00053-00011543-00011759 as you can see staff proposes to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00054-00011760-00011959 allocate roughly five million dollars
+M2lUkhXNjto-00055-00011960-00012287 to fund 28 ftes which would be at a cost
+M2lUkhXNjto-00056-00012288-00012351 of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00057-00012352-00012638 uh 1.7 million dollars and the contract
+M2lUkhXNjto-00058-00012639-00012807 for roughly three million dollars for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00059-00012808-00013111 contract and equipment expenditures in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00060-00013112-00013335 addition staff has set forth a tentative
+M2lUkhXNjto-00061-00013336-00013519 plan for annual expenditures for the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00062-00013519-00013671 remainder of these funds
+M2lUkhXNjto-00063-00013672-00013943 please note we are not voting on any
+M2lUkhXNjto-00064-00013944-00014071 funding strategy
+M2lUkhXNjto-00065-00014072-00014391 for years beyond fy2021 but to staff's
+M2lUkhXNjto-00066-00014391-00014511 credit we've been given
+M2lUkhXNjto-00067-00014512-00014766 a fairly clear idea of their notion of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00068-00014768-00014919 how that strategy should
+M2lUkhXNjto-00069-00014919-00015135 unfold needless to say future
+M2lUkhXNjto-00070-00015136-00015327 commissions will be the ones to decide
+M2lUkhXNjto-00071-00015328-00015638 expenditures and future outplans
+M2lUkhXNjto-00072-00015640-00016022 just a note in passing uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00073-00016023-00016279 implicit in what the arpa does is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00074-00016280-00016335 require
+M2lUkhXNjto-00075-00016336-00016686 not implicit excellence to require
+M2lUkhXNjto-00076-00016687-00016879 additional staff that brings recurring
+M2lUkhXNjto-00077-00016880-00017175 expenses which are not covered in arpa
+M2lUkhXNjto-00078-00017176-00017430 and of course that greatly concerns me
+M2lUkhXNjto-00079-00017431-00017511 because
+M2lUkhXNjto-00080-00017512-00017703 i don't have to agree to a substantial
+M2lUkhXNjto-00081-00017704-00017814 increase in staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-00082-00017815-00017999 and then at some point when the funding
+M2lUkhXNjto-00083-00018000-00018175 runs out having to lay them off
+M2lUkhXNjto-00084-00018176-00018447 so i hope congress is listening that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00085-00018448-00018655 said i just want to thank staff again
+M2lUkhXNjto-00086-00018656-00018822 for their vision for the future
+M2lUkhXNjto-00087-00018823-00018999 it really seems carefully thought out
+M2lUkhXNjto-00088-00019000-00019175 and i like it a lot
+M2lUkhXNjto-00089-00019176-00019383 we have several staff members present in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00090-00019384-00019535 the event there any questions in the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00091-00019536-00019655 opening round
+M2lUkhXNjto-00092-00019656-00019919 with us are mary boyle cpsc executive
+M2lUkhXNjto-00093-00019920-00020007 director
+M2lUkhXNjto-00094-00020008-00020239 dwayne ray cpsc deputy assistant
+M2lUkhXNjto-00095-00020240-00020383 executive director
+M2lUkhXNjto-00096-00020384-00020614 james baker chief financial officer and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00097-00020615-00020863 joe martiak director of communications
+M2lUkhXNjto-00098-00020864-00021078 other staff are available as needed so i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00099-00021079-00021255 want to thank all of the staff for being
+M2lUkhXNjto-00100-00021256-00021439 here today
+M2lUkhXNjto-00101-00021440-00021622 we're going to begin with questions for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00102-00021623-00021814 staff if there are any
+M2lUkhXNjto-00103-00021815-00021999 each commissioner will have five minutes
+M2lUkhXNjto-00104-00022000-00022175 for questions and we can go multiple
+M2lUkhXNjto-00105-00022176-00022335 rounds if necessary
+M2lUkhXNjto-00106-00022336-00022503 after the questions are complete i will
+M2lUkhXNjto-00107-00022504-00022686 then move a vote on mid-year
+M2lUkhXNjto-00108-00022687-00022975 and entertain any amendments to the plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-00109-00022976-00023143 and as a starting point i have no
+M2lUkhXNjto-00110-00023144-00023311 questions commissioner k do you have
+M2lUkhXNjto-00111-00023312-00023503 questions
+M2lUkhXNjto-00112-00023504-00023678 i don't thank you so much mr chairman
+M2lUkhXNjto-00113-00023679-00023855 thanks to the staff for the victims of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00114-00023856-00024063 our work
+M2lUkhXNjto-00115-00024064-00024239 uh thank you commissioner bianco do you
+M2lUkhXNjto-00116-00024240-00024367 have any questions
+M2lUkhXNjto-00117-00024368-00024663 i do not thank you everyone okay thanks
+M2lUkhXNjto-00118-00024664-00024799 again and commissioner feldman do you
+M2lUkhXNjto-00119-00024800-00025055 have any questions for staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-00120-00025056-00025255 thank you acting chairman i do have some
+M2lUkhXNjto-00121-00025256-00025478 questions um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00122-00025479-00025750 first i i wanted to ask about uh the the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00123-00025751-00025943 port staffing provisions
+M2lUkhXNjto-00124-00025944-00026223 in uh in in the plan that's proposed so
+M2lUkhXNjto-00125-00026224-00026439 in the fy21 appropriations bill
+M2lUkhXNjto-00126-00026439-00026702 congress instructed cpsc uh to the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00127-00026704-00026807 maximum extent
+M2lUkhXNjto-00128-00026808-00027055 feasible to station inspectors with the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00129-00027056-00027255 goal of covering at least ninety percent
+M2lUkhXNjto-00130-00027256-00027390 of the consumer products and they're
+M2lUkhXNjto-00131-00027391-00027543 entering the us
+M2lUkhXNjto-00132-00027544-00027799 and i've seen at least three different
+M2lUkhXNjto-00133-00027800-00027862 terms
+M2lUkhXNjto-00134-00027863-00028062 in uh in in sort of the agency
+M2lUkhXNjto-00135-00028063-00028231 parliament uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00136-00028232-00028527 screened covered examined i've seen
+M2lUkhXNjto-00137-00028527-00028687 these terms used to describe how we
+M2lUkhXNjto-00138-00028688-00028927 how we might meet the congressional goal
+M2lUkhXNjto-00139-00028927-00029023 of 90
+M2lUkhXNjto-00140-00029024-00029174 of consumer products entering the united
+M2lUkhXNjto-00141-00029175-00029343 states and i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00142-00029344-00029574 i'm curious and i guess this is to mary
+M2lUkhXNjto-00143-00029575-00029679 and dwayne
+M2lUkhXNjto-00144-00029680-00029839 is staff using these terms
+M2lUkhXNjto-00145-00029839-00030414 interchangeably
+M2lUkhXNjto-00146-00030416-00030751 i'm happy to to give it a shot um i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00147-00030752-00030951 it's not our intention to use them
+M2lUkhXNjto-00148-00030952-00031151 interchangeably
+M2lUkhXNjto-00149-00031152-00031487 we have been using the term coverage to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00150-00031488-00031551 indicate
+M2lUkhXNjto-00151-00031552-00031918 we have a port person at a port
+M2lUkhXNjto-00152-00031919-00032311 of entry and we've used that 90 percent
+M2lUkhXNjto-00153-00032312-00032695 figure to indicate of all of the reports
+M2lUkhXNjto-00154-00032695-00032974 that we have risk assessment through the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00155-00032975-00033071 ram
+M2lUkhXNjto-00156-00033072-00033255 whether or not we have someone assigned
+M2lUkhXNjto-00157-00033256-00033559 to that port to do
+M2lUkhXNjto-00158-00033560-00033943 inspections we use the term screening to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00159-00033944-00033983 actually
+M2lUkhXNjto-00160-00033984-00034295 indicate we've uh pulled a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00161-00034296-00034783 uh an importation and have inspected
+M2lUkhXNjto-00162-00034784-00035023 the contents of that okay so when when
+M2lUkhXNjto-00163-00035024-00035174 the the mandate refers to covering
+M2lUkhXNjto-00164-00035175-00035255 ninety percent
+M2lUkhXNjto-00165-00035256-00035551 what what we're all i mean we're all
+M2lUkhXNjto-00166-00035552-00035702 saying the same thing that we're talking
+M2lUkhXNjto-00167-00035703-00035774 about
+M2lUkhXNjto-00168-00035775-00035990 physical in-person uh actual screenings
+M2lUkhXNjto-00169-00035991-00036102 of of of the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00170-00036103-00036527 risk-scored uh uh products in the ram
+M2lUkhXNjto-00171-00036528-00036735 well i wouldn't use the word screening i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00172-00036736-00036911 would say that we have
+M2lUkhXNjto-00173-00036912-00037190 people assigned to ports of entry be
+M2lUkhXNjto-00174-00037191-00037246 able
+M2lUkhXNjto-00175-00037247-00037430 to be available through the screen
+M2lUkhXNjto-00176-00037431-00037590 correct okay
+M2lUkhXNjto-00177-00037591-00037959 um how did staff determine that adding
+M2lUkhXNjto-00178-00037960-00037999 the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00179-00038000-00038246 the four new inspectors or the four
+M2lUkhXNjto-00180-00038247-00038415 inspectors at newport
+M2lUkhXNjto-00181-00038416-00038599 was the the best use of the additional
+M2lUkhXNjto-00182-00038600-00038790 uh for inspectors
+M2lUkhXNjto-00183-00038791-00039046 versus supplementing existing port
+M2lUkhXNjto-00184-00039047-00039679 coverage at our highest volume ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-00185-00039680-00039823 i mean i think i'll jump in there and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00186-00039824-00040023 dwayne please uh you know
+M2lUkhXNjto-00187-00040024-00040318 uh supplement as needed uh i think those
+M2lUkhXNjto-00188-00040319-00040487 are the next additional
+M2lUkhXNjto-00189-00040488-00040655 force that we've identified where
+M2lUkhXNjto-00190-00040656-00040846 there's the highest volume of potential
+M2lUkhXNjto-00191-00040847-00040943 risk so we
+M2lUkhXNjto-00192-00040944-00041167 wanted to expand the breadth of where we
+M2lUkhXNjto-00193-00041168-00041271 were able to cover
+M2lUkhXNjto-00194-00041272-00041623 and that was the rationale right
+M2lUkhXNjto-00195-00041624-00041911 feel free to supplement that yeah i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00196-00041912-00041951 think
+M2lUkhXNjto-00197-00041952-00042183 um commissioners we talked about our
+M2lUkhXNjto-00198-00042184-00042335 percent coverage and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00199-00042336-00042543 and trying to trying to aim towards that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00200-00042544-00042687 90 percent
+M2lUkhXNjto-00201-00042688-00042918 um you know we're looking at locations
+M2lUkhXNjto-00202-00042919-00043111 that increase those percentages
+M2lUkhXNjto-00203-00043112-00043318 right now we're roughly with the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00204-00043319-00043479 assistance of our field staff and that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00205-00043480-00043599 83 percent
+M2lUkhXNjto-00206-00043600-00043895 kind of ballpark uh if the commission
+M2lUkhXNjto-00207-00043896-00044095 approves this plan as presented
+M2lUkhXNjto-00208-00044096-00044343 we believe that'll get us closer to 87
+M2lUkhXNjto-00209-00044344-00044479 and then i think over the next couple
+M2lUkhXNjto-00210-00044480-00044671 years if we continue to step up we'll
+M2lUkhXNjto-00211-00044672-00044790 definitely be approaching
+M2lUkhXNjto-00212-00044791-00044990 those numbers okay so you think with the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00213-00044991-00045215 with the additional highers
+M2lUkhXNjto-00214-00045216-00045390 and this your your thank you you're
+M2lUkhXNjto-00215-00045391-00045558 you're reading in exactly where i'm
+M2lUkhXNjto-00216-00045559-00045679 going with this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00217-00045680-00046039 um you know the the the goal
+M2lUkhXNjto-00218-00046040-00046287 in as stated in the legislation said
+M2lUkhXNjto-00219-00046288-00046479 covering
+M2lUkhXNjto-00220-00046480-00046790 not not cover 90 but uh uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00221-00046791-00047023 to to make best efforts essentially to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00222-00047024-00047167 get as close to 90 as
+M2lUkhXNjto-00223-00047168-00047495 as as we can uh right now the the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00224-00047496-00047735 the the current coverage is somewhere in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00225-00047736-00047886 the low 80s
+M2lUkhXNjto-00226-00047887-00048023 and you think with the new additions
+M2lUkhXNjto-00227-00048024-00048215 it's going to bring us
+M2lUkhXNjto-00228-00048216-00048535 not necessarily past but towards 90.
+M2lUkhXNjto-00229-00048536-00048879 yes okay um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00230-00048880-00049151 has staff made any changes to the ram in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00231-00049152-00049439 the past couple of months
+M2lUkhXNjto-00232-00049440-00049662 and does that affect affect how we're
+M2lUkhXNjto-00233-00049663-00049790 calculating
+M2lUkhXNjto-00234-00049791-00050215 this coverage ratio i wouldn't
+M2lUkhXNjto-00235-00050216-00050407 want to comment publicly on any of our
+M2lUkhXNjto-00236-00050408-00050607 targeting changes but
+M2lUkhXNjto-00237-00050608-00050927 happened okay that's fair thank you um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00238-00050928-00051158 if maybe we can touch base offline and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00239-00051159-00051414 go in depth net i do have some questions
+M2lUkhXNjto-00240-00051415-00051742 yes sir thank you um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00241-00051744-00051950 let me switch gears a little bit and i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00242-00051951-00052111 want to be respectful of time i know
+M2lUkhXNjto-00243-00052112-00052190 that we had five
+M2lUkhXNjto-00244-00052191-00052382 five minutes but i i still have a number
+M2lUkhXNjto-00245-00052383-00052647 of questions bob how am i doing
+M2lUkhXNjto-00246-00052648-00052887 uh you're fine uh peter as i say i try
+M2lUkhXNjto-00247-00052888-00052975 to be flexible
+M2lUkhXNjto-00248-00052976-00053303 up to a point and so i would ask you to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00249-00053304-00053471 be mindful of that but please feel free
+M2lUkhXNjto-00250-00053472-00053615 to ask your questions
+M2lUkhXNjto-00251-00053616-00053759 well if you would kick me under the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00252-00053760-00053959 virtual table when i'm getting uh up to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00253-00053960-00054126 up to that point i'd appreciate it okay
+M2lUkhXNjto-00254-00054127-00054303 that's fair sure
+M2lUkhXNjto-00255-00054304-00054575 um i i wanted to ask a little bit uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00256-00054576-00054815 about the communications provisions that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00257-00054816-00054847 are
+M2lUkhXNjto-00258-00054848-00055150 um that are called for in the plan um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00259-00055151-00055366 during the mid-year one discussion on my
+M2lUkhXNjto-00260-00055367-00055494 influencer amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-00261-00055495-00055630 uh commissioner k made the point that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00262-00055632-00055799 the burden of proof uh is with the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00263-00055800-00056007 proponents of the expenditures and not
+M2lUkhXNjto-00264-00056008-00056094 the uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00265-00056095-00056294 opponents to demonstrate effectiveness
+M2lUkhXNjto-00266-00056295-00056454 and while i don't want to put
+M2lUkhXNjto-00267-00056455-00056799 words in his mouth uh and he can correct
+M2lUkhXNjto-00268-00056800-00057238 me if i'm misstating any of this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00269-00057239-00057542 with with with specific to influencers i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00270-00057544-00057711 think the larger point is particularly
+M2lUkhXNjto-00271-00057712-00057823 relevant here
+M2lUkhXNjto-00272-00057824-00058150 uh that that that we need some answers
+M2lUkhXNjto-00273-00058151-00058303 about the expenditures for the the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00274-00058304-00058511 proposed outreach strategies
+M2lUkhXNjto-00275-00058512-00058791 um and of course i'm aware that uh the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00276-00058791-00058966 congressional mandate is to increase
+M2lUkhXNjto-00277-00058967-00059087 awareness
+M2lUkhXNjto-00278-00059088-00059415 and comms is is related to that but uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00279-00059416-00059687 but we also have to make sure that the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00280-00059688-00059838 approaches that we're taking
+M2lUkhXNjto-00281-00059839-00060087 achieve the goals that congress envision
+M2lUkhXNjto-00282-00060088-00060263 so to get to the specific questions
+M2lUkhXNjto-00283-00060264-00060399 question
+M2lUkhXNjto-00284-00060400-00060719 the proposed co poisoning campaign
+M2lUkhXNjto-00285-00060720-00060959 uh description in in the plan states
+M2lUkhXNjto-00286-00060960-00061126 that ocm will use
+M2lUkhXNjto-00287-00061127-00061438 a quote a variety of approaches
+M2lUkhXNjto-00288-00061439-00061671 collaborations and concepts including
+M2lUkhXNjto-00289-00061672-00061799 strategically targeted
+M2lUkhXNjto-00290-00061800-00062054 email messaging improved digital
+M2lUkhXNjto-00291-00062055-00062150 initiatives and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00292-00062151-00062382 innovated market innovative marketing
+M2lUkhXNjto-00293-00062383-00062503 strategies
+M2lUkhXNjto-00294-00062504-00062742 and if i was asked i'm not sure i can
+M2lUkhXNjto-00295-00062744-00062966 tell you exactly what those words mean
+M2lUkhXNjto-00296-00062967-00063119 and what we're actually spending the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00297-00063120-00063447 money on uh mr martiak can you
+M2lUkhXNjto-00298-00063448-00063759 explain what using these examples uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00299-00063760-00064359 uh what what these descriptions entail
+M2lUkhXNjto-00300-00064360-00064663 thank you for the code the question uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00301-00064664-00064863 two things one is what we put into the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00302-00064864-00064975 proposal
+M2lUkhXNjto-00303-00064976-00065326 is a broad range of possibilities
+M2lUkhXNjto-00304-00065327-00065582 and the second point is what's in the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00305-00065583-00065750 plan for this year
+M2lUkhXNjto-00306-00065751-00066047 is to to draw up a strategic plan on how
+M2lUkhXNjto-00307-00066048-00066175 to approach this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00308-00066176-00066343 and then that comes back to the question
+M2lUkhXNjto-00309-00066344-00066494 as far as the actual
+M2lUkhXNjto-00310-00066495-00066735 implementation goes or choosing at what
+M2lUkhXNjto-00311-00066736-00066975 level and what tactics and so
+M2lUkhXNjto-00312-00066976-00067167 uh it's premature at this point to be
+M2lUkhXNjto-00313-00067168-00067359 saying which of those tactics it would
+M2lUkhXNjto-00314-00067360-00067415 be
+M2lUkhXNjto-00315-00067416-00067591 what i was trying to emphasize there was
+M2lUkhXNjto-00316-00067592-00067735 what the team was trying to emphasize
+M2lUkhXNjto-00317-00067736-00067799 was
+M2lUkhXNjto-00318-00067800-00067935 this was the broad range of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00319-00067936-00068094 possibilities of looking at different
+M2lUkhXNjto-00320-00068095-00068191 approaches
+M2lUkhXNjto-00321-00068192-00068415 but the one thing that we're talking
+M2lUkhXNjto-00322-00068416-00068494 about today
+M2lUkhXNjto-00323-00068495-00068782 is to actually have an effort made to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00324-00068783-00068975 drop that strategic plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-00325-00068976-00069167 and then that comes back uh going into
+M2lUkhXNjto-00326-00069168-00069311 the next fiscal year
+M2lUkhXNjto-00327-00069312-00069415 when the commission votes on an
+M2lUkhXNjto-00328-00069416-00069623 operating plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-00329-00069624-00069975 okay uh again then i i'm not entirely
+M2lUkhXNjto-00330-00069976-00070047 clear
+M2lUkhXNjto-00331-00070048-00070215 what we're being asked to spend money on
+M2lUkhXNjto-00332-00070216-00070391 and it sounds like you haven't
+M2lUkhXNjto-00333-00070392-00070535 uh thought this all the way through
+M2lUkhXNjto-00334-00070536-00070719 because my next question was going to be
+M2lUkhXNjto-00335-00070720-00070959 you know of the proposed path forward
+M2lUkhXNjto-00336-00070960-00071119 you know what evidence you have that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00337-00071120-00071350 that a particular technique or
+M2lUkhXNjto-00338-00071351-00071511 communications tactic
+M2lUkhXNjto-00339-00071512-00071623 is going to be more effective than
+M2lUkhXNjto-00340-00071624-00071823 another but i'm not hearing any
+M2lUkhXNjto-00341-00071824-00072150 particularized uh any particularized
+M2lUkhXNjto-00342-00072151-00072262 hey this is how we would like to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00343-00072263-00072543 approach these campaigns
+M2lUkhXNjto-00344-00072544-00072711 i would say that we have thought this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00345-00072712-00072871 through at this point commissioner
+M2lUkhXNjto-00346-00072872-00073206 because this is a request to get outside
+M2lUkhXNjto-00347-00073207-00073535 expertise to the table to help to flesh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00348-00073536-00073879 out this kind of a plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-00349-00073880-00074399 okay but you're our in-house expert yes
+M2lUkhXNjto-00350-00074400-00074591 uh we have several experts obviously in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00351-00074592-00074711 ocm but in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00352-00074712-00074871 the size of this campaign that we're
+M2lUkhXNjto-00353-00074872-00075206 thinking about and the seriousness of it
+M2lUkhXNjto-00354-00075207-00075406 that is why we're looking for outside
+M2lUkhXNjto-00355-00075407-00075606 help on this and input on it
+M2lUkhXNjto-00356-00075607-00075735 just as we have on some of the other
+M2lUkhXNjto-00357-00075736-00075926 major plans that we have
+M2lUkhXNjto-00358-00075927-00076311 okay um bob how am i doing on time i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00359-00076312-00076487 just have a couple more
+M2lUkhXNjto-00360-00076488-00076767 yeah uh one or two more and then i'm i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00361-00076768-00076887 am going to have to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00362-00076888-00077199 uh i'm not going to okay i'm
+M2lUkhXNjto-00363-00077200-00077447 not looking to pick up more than my
+M2lUkhXNjto-00364-00077448-00077511 share
+M2lUkhXNjto-00365-00077512-00077743 um i guess this last question that i'll
+M2lUkhXNjto-00366-00077744-00078047 ask is probably to mary and dwayne
+M2lUkhXNjto-00367-00078048-00078367 um and frankly uh uh our general counsel
+M2lUkhXNjto-00368-00078368-00078415 and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00369-00078416-00078647 jim baker as well but it has to do with
+M2lUkhXNjto-00370-00078648-00078775 what's called for in the plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-00371-00078776-00079103 for operational support staffing um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00372-00079104-00079335 in in the mid-year two plan there's an
+M2lUkhXNjto-00373-00079336-00079526 increase for enforcement staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-00374-00079527-00079855 uh and with an increase uh uh uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00375-00079856-00080062 with increased enforcement stops it
+M2lUkhXNjto-00376-00080063-00080206 frankly makes sense that they're going
+M2lUkhXNjto-00377-00080207-00080247 to see
+M2lUkhXNjto-00378-00080248-00080487 an increased workload and therefore it
+M2lUkhXNjto-00379-00080488-00080655 may be called for for some additional
+M2lUkhXNjto-00380-00080656-00080815 operational support
+M2lUkhXNjto-00381-00080816-00081094 um but i really don't have a sense of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00382-00081095-00081175 you know what the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00383-00081176-00081559 historical ratio of exrm and financial
+M2lUkhXNjto-00384-00081560-00081750 management staff to other employees has
+M2lUkhXNjto-00385-00081751-00081975 been and whether the additional
+M2lUkhXNjto-00386-00081976-00082287 um sort of uh the the the the additional
+M2lUkhXNjto-00387-00082288-00082462 support staff that's called for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00388-00082463-00082687 scales in a way that historically tracks
+M2lUkhXNjto-00389-00082688-00082871 with with what we've seen
+M2lUkhXNjto-00390-00082872-00083167 um in in previous years so can you talk
+M2lUkhXNjto-00391-00083168-00083535 about that a little bit
+M2lUkhXNjto-00392-00083536-00083799 i'm i'll start and but please uh james
+M2lUkhXNjto-00393-00083800-00083879 and dwayne
+M2lUkhXNjto-00394-00083880-00084126 jump in as necessary i do think we
+M2lUkhXNjto-00395-00084127-00084367 looked at ratios in terms of the work
+M2lUkhXNjto-00396-00084368-00084591 uh that we would be adding and my sense
+M2lUkhXNjto-00397-00084592-00084767 is that we were very conservative
+M2lUkhXNjto-00398-00084768-00085062 and that we added only one fte for each
+M2lUkhXNjto-00399-00085063-00085135 of the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00400-00085136-00085399 support operations my guess is that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00401-00085400-00085487 probably
+M2lUkhXNjto-00402-00085488-00085671 that underestimates the work that would
+M2lUkhXNjto-00403-00085672-00085871 be needed if we're going to be scaling
+M2lUkhXNjto-00404-00085872-00086087 up in terms of the ftes that we're
+M2lUkhXNjto-00405-00086088-00086399 adding and import so but because
+M2lUkhXNjto-00406-00086400-00086687 uh we are embarking on a hiring at a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00407-00086688-00086815 scale that we haven't
+M2lUkhXNjto-00408-00086816-00086943 in a long time we wanted to be
+M2lUkhXNjto-00409-00086944-00087182 conservative to start uh with the hiring
+M2lUkhXNjto-00410-00087183-00087423 and we added one in each of the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00411-00087424-00087671 main units for operational support okay
+M2lUkhXNjto-00412-00087672-00087726 you say
+M2lUkhXNjto-00413-00087727-00087999 it's conservative but but again um you
+M2lUkhXNjto-00414-00088000-00088255 can't tell me what the historic ratio of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00415-00088256-00088559 of of import staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-00416-00088560-00088847 to support staff has been um i would ask
+M2lUkhXNjto-00417-00088848-00088911 james if
+M2lUkhXNjto-00418-00088912-00089175 i know that we did look at ratios so i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00419-00089176-00089318 don't have them off the top of my head
+M2lUkhXNjto-00420-00089319-00089494 but if james or dwayne
+M2lUkhXNjto-00421-00089495-00089759 has additional information on that um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00422-00089760-00089862 sure
+M2lUkhXNjto-00423-00089863-00090206 if i can jump in we we did our first cut
+M2lUkhXNjto-00424-00090207-00090591 um looking at ratios and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00425-00090592-00090823 um on a purely like total number of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00426-00090824-00090975 staff in the agency
+M2lUkhXNjto-00427-00090976-00091223 and then what portion of that is support
+M2lUkhXNjto-00428-00091224-00091311 staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-00429-00091312-00091471 and it gave us some really big numbers
+M2lUkhXNjto-00430-00091472-00091638 that just
+M2lUkhXNjto-00431-00091639-00091903 did not feel like the correct starting
+M2lUkhXNjto-00432-00091904-00092062 off especially since we're
+M2lUkhXNjto-00433-00092063-00092311 kind of gradually stepping up here but
+M2lUkhXNjto-00434-00092312-00092375 we knew
+M2lUkhXNjto-00435-00092376-00092623 a couple of key things if the commission
+M2lUkhXNjto-00436-00092624-00092791 approves this plan we're hiring up a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00437-00092792-00092999 bunch of people so we need another hr
+M2lUkhXNjto-00438-00093000-00093150 specialist to help in the support
+M2lUkhXNjto-00439-00093151-00093503 and hiring up of that we knew it systems
+M2lUkhXNjto-00440-00093504-00093703 and the support for the user base is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00441-00093704-00093815 growing and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00442-00093816-00094047 we're we're challenged to continue to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00443-00094048-00094150 support especially
+M2lUkhXNjto-00444-00094151-00094359 in all of this remote and hybrid
+M2lUkhXNjto-00445-00094360-00094526 environments that we're in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00446-00094527-00094862 um and then we also knew with the added
+M2lUkhXNjto-00447-00094863-00095150 requirements for tracking how we're
+M2lUkhXNjto-00448-00095151-00095262 spending the money
+M2lUkhXNjto-00449-00095263-00095526 and and the reporting on that we need
+M2lUkhXNjto-00450-00095527-00095591 some support
+M2lUkhXNjto-00451-00095592-00095935 james team and also the additional
+M2lUkhXNjto-00452-00095936-00096126 support and general counsel for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00453-00096127-00096447 for these uh this area so you know we
+M2lUkhXNjto-00454-00096448-00096671 did look at ratios but we also kind of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00455-00096672-00096838 did a gut check to say well
+M2lUkhXNjto-00456-00096839-00097055 that that seemed a little too much if
+M2lUkhXNjto-00457-00097056-00097247 you just purely went down the ratio path
+M2lUkhXNjto-00458-00097248-00097294 and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00459-00097295-00097438 so as mary was saying we're trying to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00460-00097439-00097631 start out you know kind of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00461-00097632-00097935 not not let numbers drive us purely but
+M2lUkhXNjto-00462-00097936-00098126 at least a good starting point
+M2lUkhXNjto-00463-00098127-00098311 to try to anticipate what we know is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00464-00098312-00098526 going to be a growth here
+M2lUkhXNjto-00465-00098527-00098631 it sounds like you don't have the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00466-00098632-00098823 numbers immediately at hand but what i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00467-00098824-00098999 would ask and and then i'm done
+M2lUkhXNjto-00468-00099000-00099343 uh bob uh is is if you wouldn't mind
+M2lUkhXNjto-00469-00099344-00099543 sharing what the historic ratio has been
+M2lUkhXNjto-00470-00099544-00099662 i mean it sounds like that what you're
+M2lUkhXNjto-00471-00099663-00099750 calling for here
+M2lUkhXNjto-00472-00099751-00099999 is concern conservative relative to the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00473-00100000-00100174 historic ratio but
+M2lUkhXNjto-00474-00100175-00100438 uh again i i just i'd love to know some
+M2lUkhXNjto-00475-00100439-00100855 particulars on what that looks like
+M2lUkhXNjto-00476-00100856-00101247 yeah that's about the ratio is above
+M2lUkhXNjto-00477-00101248-00101623 three fte for every ten that are higher
+M2lUkhXNjto-00478-00101624-00101967 oh okay thank you james
+M2lUkhXNjto-00479-00101968-00102215 okay succinct and uh to the point thank
+M2lUkhXNjto-00480-00102216-00102463 you so much
+M2lUkhXNjto-00481-00102464-00102702 and uh having heard no further questions
+M2lUkhXNjto-00482-00102703-00102854 and let me be certain are there other
+M2lUkhXNjto-00483-00102855-00102918 questions
+M2lUkhXNjto-00484-00102919-00103127 commissioner k bianco and i have no
+M2lUkhXNjto-00485-00103128-00103399 further questions
+M2lUkhXNjto-00486-00103400-00103639 okay uh then steph uh you are now
+M2lUkhXNjto-00487-00103640-00103727 excused
+M2lUkhXNjto-00488-00103728-00103934 thank you for your input you can move to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00489-00103935-00104086 a listening mode
+M2lUkhXNjto-00490-00104088-00104247 and thank you for all of your excellent
+M2lUkhXNjto-00491-00104248-00104454 work on the plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-00492-00104455-00104686 i am now going to move that the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00493-00104688-00104895 commission adopt the mid-year plan as
+M2lUkhXNjto-00494-00104896-00105054 proposed by staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-00495-00105055-00105495 and that is the motion is there a second
+M2lUkhXNjto-00496-00105496-00105871 a second thank you so much uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00497-00105872-00106031 and of course before putting the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00498-00106032-00106278 mid-year plan uh as proposed by staff to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00499-00106279-00106351 a vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-00500-00106352-00106566 i will now entertain any amendments to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00501-00106567-00106719 the plan that the commissioners may
+M2lUkhXNjto-00502-00106720-00106790 propose
+M2lUkhXNjto-00503-00106791-00107007 i have no amendments commissioner k do
+M2lUkhXNjto-00504-00107008-00107207 you have any amendments
+M2lUkhXNjto-00505-00107208-00107454 i do not thank you thank you so much
+M2lUkhXNjto-00506-00107455-00107883 commissioner bianco do you have any
+M2lUkhXNjto-00507-00107883-00108239 amendments
+M2lUkhXNjto-00508-00108240-00108454 i don't thank you thanks so much
+M2lUkhXNjto-00509-00108455-00108590 commissioner feldman do you have any
+M2lUkhXNjto-00510-00108591-00108743 amendments
+M2lUkhXNjto-00511-00108744-00108951 uh thank you uh bob i i do have some
+M2lUkhXNjto-00512-00108952-00109119 amendments um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00513-00109120-00109343 and if if they're in order i i'd love to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00514-00109344-00109447 introduce
+M2lUkhXNjto-00515-00109448-00109799 feldman one yeah and uh let's do it the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00516-00109800-00109927 way we did on mid-year
+M2lUkhXNjto-00517-00109928-00110119 one which is we will go through each
+M2lUkhXNjto-00518-00110120-00110247 feldman amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-00519-00110248-00110566 uh and you will uh describe it uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00520-00110567-00110775 for up to three minutes after that i'll
+M2lUkhXNjto-00521-00110776-00110934 ask for a second then we'll have any
+M2lUkhXNjto-00522-00110935-00111063 questions or comments
+M2lUkhXNjto-00523-00111064-00111302 and then we'll put each one to a vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-00524-00111303-00111495 okay well there's only four this time so
+M2lUkhXNjto-00525-00111496-00111590 hopefully this will go
+M2lUkhXNjto-00526-00111591-00111871 a little bit uh smoother than last time
+M2lUkhXNjto-00527-00111872-00111951 uh or at least
+M2lUkhXNjto-00528-00111952-00112390 more so uh i'm offering uh feldman one
+M2lUkhXNjto-00529-00112391-00112678 uh uh copf1 is an amendment to prohibit
+M2lUkhXNjto-00530-00112679-00112766 spending on
+M2lUkhXNjto-00531-00112767-00113015 non-governmental spokespeople uh less
+M2lUkhXNjto-00532-00113016-00113183 than three weeks ago we approved an
+M2lUkhXNjto-00533-00113183-00113358 almost identical amendment regarding the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00534-00113359-00113502 commission's use of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00535-00113503-00113710 celebrities actors social media
+M2lUkhXNjto-00536-00113711-00113910 influencers personalities and other
+M2lUkhXNjto-00537-00113911-00114110 non-governmental spokespeople
+M2lUkhXNjto-00538-00114111-00114310 and this amendment would do the same for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00539-00114311-00114543 the campaigns that are contemplated in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00540-00114544-00114847 in mid-year too as i said then
+M2lUkhXNjto-00541-00114848-00115039 the commission should approve either on
+M2lUkhXNjto-00542-00115040-00115223 a case-by-case basis or via
+M2lUkhXNjto-00543-00115224-00115566 a a a inclusive directive uh that the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00544-00115567-00115790 use of taxpayer dollars on compensating
+M2lUkhXNjto-00545-00115791-00116015 actors and influencers
+M2lUkhXNjto-00546-00116016-00116327 uh uh would be approved in that manner
+M2lUkhXNjto-00547-00116328-00116519 i'd also hope that that we'd be able to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00548-00116520-00116663 find individuals that are
+M2lUkhXNjto-00549-00116664-00116966 willing to engage with us on psas on a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00550-00116967-00117102 pro bono basis
+M2lUkhXNjto-00551-00117103-00117302 so that we can use our scarce resources
+M2lUkhXNjto-00552-00117303-00117423 on other things
+M2lUkhXNjto-00553-00117424-00117671 um i believe that we should have a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00554-00117672-00117743 directive
+M2lUkhXNjto-00555-00117744-00117934 governing uh this type of activity by
+M2lUkhXNjto-00556-00117935-00118110 now uh we were promised one
+M2lUkhXNjto-00557-00118111-00118375 uh that's not the case but i i i think
+M2lUkhXNjto-00558-00118376-00118431 therefore
+M2lUkhXNjto-00559-00118432-00118654 again i need to offer this amendment uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00560-00118655-00118758 to make sure that there
+M2lUkhXNjto-00561-00118759-00118958 are our safeguards in place for for the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00562-00118959-00119086 commission funding
+M2lUkhXNjto-00563-00119088-00119407 um as was the case during mid-year one
+M2lUkhXNjto-00564-00119408-00119615 i don't intend this amendment to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00565-00119616-00119823 interfere with existing contracts
+M2lUkhXNjto-00566-00119824-00120175 its perspective uh but i i would want to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00567-00120176-00120383 thank everybody for their consideration
+M2lUkhXNjto-00568-00120383-00120695 and i'm happy to answer any questions uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00569-00120696-00120878 thank you for describing your amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-00570-00120879-00121102 uh we need a second is there a second to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00571-00121103-00121271 this amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-00572-00121272-00121590 i second it thanks so much
+M2lUkhXNjto-00573-00121591-00121831 um and now we will proceed for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00574-00121832-00122007 commissioners to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00575-00122008-00122263 ask commissioner feldman any questions
+M2lUkhXNjto-00576-00122264-00122399 or make any comments
+M2lUkhXNjto-00577-00122400-00122590 uh commissioner feldman you're correct
+M2lUkhXNjto-00578-00122591-00122702 this is the same
+M2lUkhXNjto-00579-00122703-00122878 amendment or substantially the same that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00580-00122879-00123086 you introduced with respect to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00581-00123088-00123334 mid-year one i post it then i continue
+M2lUkhXNjto-00582-00123335-00123399 to oppose
+M2lUkhXNjto-00583-00123400-00123734 it it's not that i am a huge fan of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00584-00123735-00123910 influencers and to the extent we could
+M2lUkhXNjto-00585-00123911-00124039 get influencers
+M2lUkhXNjto-00586-00124040-00124334 pro bono i'm all in favor of that but uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00587-00124335-00124414 speaking for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00588-00124415-00124695 at least future chairman of the agency i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00589-00124696-00124743 think this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00590-00124744-00124999 intrudes unreasonably into management
+M2lUkhXNjto-00591-00125000-00125190 responsibilities and it feels to me like
+M2lUkhXNjto-00592-00125191-00125375 micromanagement
+M2lUkhXNjto-00593-00125376-00125599 and so i'm going to oppose it and those
+M2lUkhXNjto-00594-00125600-00125758 are my comments commissioner k any
+M2lUkhXNjto-00595-00125759-00126071 questions or comments that you have
+M2lUkhXNjto-00596-00126072-00126319 thank you mr chairman uh to commissioner
+M2lUkhXNjto-00597-00126320-00126399 feldman
+M2lUkhXNjto-00598-00126400-00126583 just some clarifying questions about the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00599-00126583-00126790 amendment as i read it
+M2lUkhXNjto-00600-00126791-00127119 it permits influencers to be used on a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00601-00127120-00127295 pro bono basis with the commission
+M2lUkhXNjto-00602-00127296-00127495 approval is that correct
+M2lUkhXNjto-00603-00127496-00127654 yes it's the same amendment that i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00604-00127655-00128039 offered uh it to mid year one
+M2lUkhXNjto-00605-00128040-00128223 and it also permits if there is a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00606-00128224-00128431 majority of commissioners who
+M2lUkhXNjto-00607-00128432-00128719 agree on a directive it would then
+M2lUkhXNjto-00608-00128720-00128839 supersede this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00609-00128840-00129175 amendment and it would permit the use of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00610-00129176-00129423 influencers pursuant to whatever the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00611-00129424-00129647 terms of that directive is correct
+M2lUkhXNjto-00612-00129648-00129790 that's right and that allows for some
+M2lUkhXNjto-00613-00129791-00129990 future flexibility for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00614-00129991-00130190 uh the four of us or a future
+M2lUkhXNjto-00615-00130191-00130366 constituted commission
+M2lUkhXNjto-00616-00130367-00130599 to put their stamp on on on what this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00617-00130600-00130927 policy might look like
+M2lUkhXNjto-00618-00130928-00131119 and you know this has not come up before
+M2lUkhXNjto-00619-00131120-00131335 but and i don't know maybe the general
+M2lUkhXNjto-00620-00131336-00131502 counsel wants to weigh in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00621-00131503-00131671 or maybe you want to start commissioner
+M2lUkhXNjto-00622-00131672-00131887 phone with your intention at least
+M2lUkhXNjto-00623-00131888-00132151 since this amendment is pursuant to a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00624-00132152-00132295 mid-year which is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00625-00132296-00132495 modifying an operating plan for fiscal
+M2lUkhXNjto-00626-00132496-00132639 year 21
+M2lUkhXNjto-00627-00132640-00132783 i view that as similar to an
+M2lUkhXNjto-00628-00132784-00132959 appropriations rider where this would
+M2lUkhXNjto-00629-00132960-00133014 expire
+M2lUkhXNjto-00630-00133015-00133295 at the end of 2021 what is your
+M2lUkhXNjto-00631-00133296-00133439 intention with this amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-00632-00133440-00133766 regarding its lifespan
+M2lUkhXNjto-00633-00133767-00133975 the amendment as offered and frankly the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00634-00133976-00134151 amendment as previously offered during
+M2lUkhXNjto-00635-00134152-00134278 mid-year one
+M2lUkhXNjto-00636-00134279-00134511 is very specific to the campaigns to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00637-00134512-00134671 which it applies
+M2lUkhXNjto-00638-00134672-00135014 um again it's not retroactive uh but
+M2lUkhXNjto-00639-00135015-00135271 when i offered this uh a few weeks ago
+M2lUkhXNjto-00640-00135272-00135351 now
+M2lUkhXNjto-00641-00135352-00135671 it applied to um just the the individual
+M2lUkhXNjto-00642-00135672-00135775 campaigns
+M2lUkhXNjto-00643-00135776-00136023 that were specifically called out in the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00644-00136024-00136159 mid-year
+M2lUkhXNjto-00645-00136160-00136407 and likewise uh this amendment is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00646-00136408-00136535 intended to modify
+M2lUkhXNjto-00647-00136536-00136766 section four of the plan as set forward
+M2lUkhXNjto-00648-00136767-00136878 by staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-00649-00136879-00137183 uh and and would apply only to um only
+M2lUkhXNjto-00650-00137184-00137423 to those campaigns that are called for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00651-00137424-00137671 there's a campaign on uh that's targeted
+M2lUkhXNjto-00652-00137672-00137902 towards youth there's a co campaign
+M2lUkhXNjto-00653-00137903-00138247 uh and and there's a a a flammable
+M2lUkhXNjto-00654-00138248-00138543 uh a portable fuel container a campaign
+M2lUkhXNjto-00655-00138544-00138839 that's contemplated right now
+M2lUkhXNjto-00656-00138840-00139054 do you envision that extending past this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00657-00139055-00139166 fiscal year or
+M2lUkhXNjto-00658-00139167-00139414 only for the funds that are approved by
+M2lUkhXNjto-00659-00139415-00139623 the commission for those plans for this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00660-00139624-00139711 year
+M2lUkhXNjto-00661-00139712-00140014 this amendment would only apply uh to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00662-00140015-00140407 to to those specific campaigns it's my
+M2lUkhXNjto-00663-00140408-00140654 hope uh that that so we don't have to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00664-00140655-00140814 keep doing this every time
+M2lUkhXNjto-00665-00140815-00141087 a new campaign is proposed uh that we
+M2lUkhXNjto-00666-00141088-00141295 can all work together on an overarching
+M2lUkhXNjto-00667-00141296-00141407 directive
+M2lUkhXNjto-00668-00141408-00141751 um that establishes commission policy
+M2lUkhXNjto-00669-00141752-00142007 for uh these types of expenditures and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00670-00142008-00142143 the use of influencers
+M2lUkhXNjto-00671-00142144-00142414 we haven't done that yet um but but
+M2lUkhXNjto-00672-00142415-00142526 right now
+M2lUkhXNjto-00673-00142527-00142823 this campaign would would apply to uh to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00674-00142824-00143199 just those campaigns that are listed
+M2lUkhXNjto-00675-00143200-00143511 so i see it not only
+M2lUkhXNjto-00676-00143512-00143687 i see it not only applying to those
+M2lUkhXNjto-00677-00143688-00143878 campaigns that are listed i see applying
+M2lUkhXNjto-00678-00143879-00144023 just the funds
+M2lUkhXNjto-00679-00144024-00144214 for this fiscal year for those campaigns
+M2lUkhXNjto-00680-00144215-00144423 but your larger point
+M2lUkhXNjto-00681-00144424-00144631 i agree with completely which is that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00682-00144632-00144766 there is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00683-00144767-00144975 uh there could be an effort underway to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00684-00144976-00145143 resume the directive i know that the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00685-00145144-00145254 last time
+M2lUkhXNjto-00686-00145255-00145543 that there was that my office provided
+M2lUkhXNjto-00687-00145544-00145759 robust feedback to that draft we're
+M2lUkhXNjto-00688-00145760-00145935 ready to do that again
+M2lUkhXNjto-00689-00145936-00146231 and so i see many paths forward if there
+M2lUkhXNjto-00690-00146232-00146326 is a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00691-00146327-00146631 desire for the use of either unpaid or
+M2lUkhXNjto-00692-00146632-00146711 paid
+M2lUkhXNjto-00693-00146712-00146951 influencers so with those paths that you
+M2lUkhXNjto-00694-00146952-00147111 provided i plan to support this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00695-00147112-00147239 amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-00696-00147240-00147375 thank you and i appreciate your support
+M2lUkhXNjto-00697-00147376-00147614 elliot
+M2lUkhXNjto-00698-00147615-00147878 uh thank you so much commissioner uh k
+M2lUkhXNjto-00699-00147879-00148047 and commissioner bianco any questions or
+M2lUkhXNjto-00700-00148048-00148439 comments for commissioner feldman
+M2lUkhXNjto-00701-00148440-00148839 you're muted data i said i i do
+M2lUkhXNjto-00702-00148840-00149047 and uh commissioner feldman i think that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00703-00149048-00149239 this amendment the one you raised
+M2lUkhXNjto-00704-00149240-00149575 two uh was a couple weeks ago and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00705-00149576-00149895 your questions to mr martiak today all
+M2lUkhXNjto-00706-00149896-00150175 support and establish once again
+M2lUkhXNjto-00707-00150176-00150487 that if um we had a communications plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-00708-00150488-00150702 that i moved for during the operating
+M2lUkhXNjto-00709-00150703-00150878 plan we wouldn't be here having to do
+M2lUkhXNjto-00710-00150879-00150999 this in piecemeal
+M2lUkhXNjto-00711-00151000-00151183 we would have an understanding of what
+M2lUkhXNjto-00712-00151184-00151343 campaigns we had how much they were
+M2lUkhXNjto-00713-00151344-00151463 going to cost
+M2lUkhXNjto-00714-00151464-00151695 the size and the seriousness i heard is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00715-00151696-00151895 very important but we have no planning
+M2lUkhXNjto-00716-00151896-00151935 and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00717-00151936-00152119 i heard today that we're going to be
+M2lUkhXNjto-00718-00152120-00152335 hiring outside this should all be done
+M2lUkhXNjto-00719-00152336-00152447 and approved
+M2lUkhXNjto-00720-00152448-00152711 uh before the um you know before we get
+M2lUkhXNjto-00721-00152712-00152902 into this piecemeal thing so from that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00722-00152903-00152990 perspective
+M2lUkhXNjto-00723-00152991-00153263 i would support it however and i i i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00724-00153264-00153375 wholeheartedly agree
+M2lUkhXNjto-00725-00153376-00153614 and nobody has been a bigger champion of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00726-00153615-00153735 uh planning for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00727-00153736-00153999 this particular office than you've done
+M2lUkhXNjto-00728-00154000-00154047 thank you
+M2lUkhXNjto-00729-00154048-00154359 um i i will though at one caveat i am
+M2lUkhXNjto-00730-00154360-00154399 not
+M2lUkhXNjto-00731-00154400-00154751 against paying uh actors or
+M2lUkhXNjto-00732-00154752-00155087 if influencers in certain circumstances
+M2lUkhXNjto-00733-00155088-00155414 um so i if your amendment is designed
+M2lUkhXNjto-00734-00155415-00155726 to carve them out completely
+M2lUkhXNjto-00735-00155727-00155975 um i i need to know that because in this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00736-00155976-00156231 day and age whether i love it or not
+M2lUkhXNjto-00737-00156232-00156511 influencers are affected in certain
+M2lUkhXNjto-00738-00156512-00156639 circumstances
+M2lUkhXNjto-00739-00156640-00156871 and as we have discussed on more than
+M2lUkhXNjto-00740-00156872-00157071 one occasions we aren't reaching
+M2lUkhXNjto-00741-00157072-00157343 some of the people we need to reach um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00742-00157344-00157495 especially if they are
+M2lUkhXNjto-00743-00157496-00157695 practicing getting their messages like
+M2lUkhXNjto-00744-00157696-00157807 old people like me
+M2lUkhXNjto-00745-00157808-00157975 and we have lots of young mothers out
+M2lUkhXNjto-00746-00157976-00158190 there who do things differently than i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00747-00158191-00158263 did
+M2lUkhXNjto-00748-00158264-00158526 and i think that sometimes influencers
+M2lUkhXNjto-00749-00158527-00158687 and or actors
+M2lUkhXNjto-00750-00158688-00158895 really can help so i'm not against that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00751-00158896-00159119 i just what i want to do is see
+M2lUkhXNjto-00752-00159120-00159407 um a a presentation on why we need them
+M2lUkhXNjto-00753-00159408-00159543 what the cost is and i think there
+M2lUkhXNjto-00754-00159544-00159654 should be commissioner
+M2lUkhXNjto-00755-00159655-00159863 commission approval on those things not
+M2lUkhXNjto-00756-00159864-00159990 just having
+M2lUkhXNjto-00757-00159991-00160223 someone in our communications department
+M2lUkhXNjto-00758-00160224-00160366 make that determination
+M2lUkhXNjto-00759-00160367-00160631 um as they see fit so i just want to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00760-00160632-00160711 clarify
+M2lUkhXNjto-00761-00160712-00161031 that your amendment here is not designed
+M2lUkhXNjto-00762-00161032-00161447 to exclude outside sources completely
+M2lUkhXNjto-00763-00161448-00161711 but what you're saying is they won't be
+M2lUkhXNjto-00764-00161712-00161759 um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00765-00161760-00161943 paid for without seeking commission
+M2lUkhXNjto-00766-00161944-00162119 approval first
+M2lUkhXNjto-00767-00162120-00162311 uh no you're absolutely right and your
+M2lUkhXNjto-00768-00162312-00162487 understanding is it's correct
+M2lUkhXNjto-00769-00162488-00162775 it allows for that but with the approval
+M2lUkhXNjto-00770-00162776-00162878 of the commission
+M2lUkhXNjto-00771-00162879-00163054 okay all right with that i don't have
+M2lUkhXNjto-00772-00163055-00163263 any more questions thank you
+M2lUkhXNjto-00773-00163264-00163495 i just did want to make one comment uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00774-00163496-00163583 and i i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00775-00163584-00163807 must take issue with the notion that the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00776-00163808-00163887 commissioners
+M2lUkhXNjto-00777-00163888-00164063 have not been consulted with respect to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00778-00164064-00164214 education campaigns
+M2lUkhXNjto-00779-00164215-00164478 back in december we circulated a draft
+M2lUkhXNjto-00780-00164479-00164519 of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00781-00164520-00164807 something like 25 education campaigns
+M2lUkhXNjto-00782-00164808-00164966 and asked for feedback on those
+M2lUkhXNjto-00783-00164967-00165126 campaigns and they were described in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00784-00165127-00165199 full
+M2lUkhXNjto-00785-00165200-00165399 and to the best of my knowledge we've
+M2lUkhXNjto-00786-00165400-00165575 we've heard no feedback on that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00787-00165576-00165895 so wait a minute uh-uh wait a minute
+M2lUkhXNjto-00788-00165896-00166190 we get these things bob often at two
+M2lUkhXNjto-00789-00166191-00166295 o'clock with a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00790-00166296-00166471 note from somebody in communications
+M2lUkhXNjto-00791-00166472-00166663 that says we plan on running this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00792-00166664-00166878 um at uh close of business that's that's
+M2lUkhXNjto-00793-00166879-00167078 not a description that's not acceptable
+M2lUkhXNjto-00794-00167079-00167151 to me
+M2lUkhXNjto-00795-00167152-00167431 and sending us you know generic forms
+M2lUkhXNjto-00796-00167432-00167566 like we heard today
+M2lUkhXNjto-00797-00167567-00167863 is not um a communications plan and i i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00798-00167864-00168038 would have to take issue with that point
+M2lUkhXNjto-00799-00168039-00168175 and and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00800-00168176-00168519 raise this we we do have a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00801-00168520-00168711 good faith disagreement but i think that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00802-00168712-00168847 you would you were given
+M2lUkhXNjto-00803-00168848-00169119 uh the specific education campaigns with
+M2lUkhXNjto-00804-00169120-00169302 with descriptions but this is something
+M2lUkhXNjto-00805-00169303-00169454 that we can explore further
+M2lUkhXNjto-00806-00169455-00169631 i think right now let's focus our
+M2lUkhXNjto-00807-00169632-00169766 attention on
+M2lUkhXNjto-00808-00169767-00169983 the vote and so if there are no other
+M2lUkhXNjto-00809-00169984-00170151 questions or comments
+M2lUkhXNjto-00810-00170152-00170375 i'm going to call for the vote uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00811-00170376-00170638 commissioner k how do you vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-00812-00170639-00170943 i vote aye okay commissioner
+M2lUkhXNjto-00813-00170944-00171278 uh biaco how do you vote yes
+M2lUkhXNjto-00814-00171279-00171535 and commissioner feldman how do you vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-00815-00171536-00171719 i vote yeah
+M2lUkhXNjto-00816-00171720-00172007 and i vote no the votes are three uh yay
+M2lUkhXNjto-00817-00172008-00172078 and
+M2lUkhXNjto-00818-00172079-00172359 one no the uh amendment by commissioner
+M2lUkhXNjto-00819-00172360-00172423 feldman
+M2lUkhXNjto-00820-00172424-00172623 is adopted commissioner feldman your
+M2lUkhXNjto-00821-00172624-00172799 second amendment please
+M2lUkhXNjto-00822-00172800-00173102 uh thank you uh so uh feldman
+M2lUkhXNjto-00823-00173103-00173326 ii is an amendment to ensure
+M2lUkhXNjto-00824-00173327-00173414 transparency
+M2lUkhXNjto-00825-00173415-00173695 in meeting that 90 screening goal that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00826-00173696-00173799 we talked about during
+M2lUkhXNjto-00827-00173800-00174038 questioning and that congress called for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00828-00174039-00174326 so in the fy 21 appropriations bill
+M2lUkhXNjto-00829-00174327-00174559 congress directed cpsc towards screening
+M2lUkhXNjto-00830-00174560-00174783 90 of all consumer products
+M2lUkhXNjto-00831-00174784-00174951 entering the united states that are risk
+M2lUkhXNjto-00832-00174952-00175151 scored in the ram
+M2lUkhXNjto-00833-00175152-00175414 and according to our own uh staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-00834-00175415-00175671 provided statistics during the pandemic
+M2lUkhXNjto-00835-00175672-00175919 screenings fell significantly and for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00836-00175920-00176038 the fiscal year to date
+M2lUkhXNjto-00837-00176039-00176278 screenings are still down even based on
+M2lUkhXNjto-00838-00176279-00176343 where we were
+M2lUkhXNjto-00839-00176344-00176590 last year uh the the reporting that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00840-00176591-00176726 feldman ii calls for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00841-00176727-00177014 will achieve transparency and help the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00842-00177015-00177175 commissioners frankly
+M2lUkhXNjto-00843-00177176-00177519 understand uh how and if cpsc is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00844-00177520-00177814 achieving the 90 screening over time um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00845-00177815-00177871 frankly
+M2lUkhXNjto-00846-00177872-00178054 it will also help the commission with
+M2lUkhXNjto-00847-00178055-00178351 with planning for fiscal 22 and beyond
+M2lUkhXNjto-00848-00178352-00178623 um it's a fairly straightforward
+M2lUkhXNjto-00849-00178624-00178743 reporting amendment but
+M2lUkhXNjto-00850-00178744-00178854 i want to thank everybody for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00851-00178855-00179047 considering it and i'm happy to answer
+M2lUkhXNjto-00852-00179048-00179278 any questions that you have
+M2lUkhXNjto-00853-00179279-00179438 uh is there a second to commissioner
+M2lUkhXNjto-00854-00179439-00179663 feldman's amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-00855-00179664-00180014 second thank you very much uh we'll now
+M2lUkhXNjto-00856-00180015-00180199 have a round in which commissioners can
+M2lUkhXNjto-00857-00180200-00180543 comment on or uh ask questions um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00858-00180544-00180863 and i i strongly oppose this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00859-00180864-00181054 and commission feldman i realize this is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00860-00181055-00181302 a good faith attempt on your part
+M2lUkhXNjto-00861-00181303-00181487 to incorporate the language of the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00862-00181488-00181654 statute but what i think you've done
+M2lUkhXNjto-00863-00181655-00181823 is you've taken some stuff out of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00864-00181824-00182014 context and i think you've
+M2lUkhXNjto-00865-00182015-00182231 left out some critical words the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00866-00182232-00182359 critical words
+M2lUkhXNjto-00867-00182360-00182575 were that we were to ensure to a maximum
+M2lUkhXNjto-00868-00182576-00182687 extent feasible
+M2lUkhXNjto-00869-00182688-00182902 that investigators are stationed at
+M2lUkhXNjto-00870-00182903-00183078 ports of entry in other words
+M2lUkhXNjto-00871-00183079-00183287 this was to increase staffing at the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00872-00183288-00183438 ports not to track
+M2lUkhXNjto-00873-00183439-00183735 individual consumer products we have a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00874-00183736-00183943 massive volume of consumer products
+M2lUkhXNjto-00875-00183944-00184111 under our jurisdiction that enter at the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00876-00184112-00184175 ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-00877-00184176-00184407 and even with risk scoring we actually
+M2lUkhXNjto-00878-00184408-00184607 screen only a small percentage
+M2lUkhXNjto-00879-00184608-00184863 of the products so what we're really
+M2lUkhXNjto-00880-00184864-00185023 talking about the 90
+M2lUkhXNjto-00881-00185024-00185302 number is port coverage not product
+M2lUkhXNjto-00882-00185303-00185471 screen under the ram
+M2lUkhXNjto-00883-00185472-00185647 uh and if we were to try to do it
+M2lUkhXNjto-00884-00185648-00185878 according to the literal words of your
+M2lUkhXNjto-00885-00185879-00186095 amendment i'm afraid we'd need something
+M2lUkhXNjto-00886-00186096-00186190 like 10 000
+M2lUkhXNjto-00887-00186191-00186519 port inspectors one additional point you
+M2lUkhXNjto-00888-00186520-00186711 call for a report on screen of possible
+M2lUkhXNjto-00889-00186712-00186919 violations of voluntary standards at
+M2lUkhXNjto-00890-00186920-00186975 ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-00891-00186976-00187247 that's not something we typically do uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00892-00187248-00187407 what the only time that i'm aware of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00893-00187408-00187614 that we do it is when it's a 15j which
+M2lUkhXNjto-00894-00187615-00187719 is more in the nature
+M2lUkhXNjto-00895-00187720-00188054 of a a rule
+M2lUkhXNjto-00896-00188055-00188271 and i guess the other thing is this is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00897-00188272-00188414 information
+M2lUkhXNjto-00898-00188415-00188590 you talk about transparency but this is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00899-00188591-00188719 not information
+M2lUkhXNjto-00900-00188720-00188999 that is made public these are these are
+M2lUkhXNjto-00901-00189000-00189166 confidential reports
+M2lUkhXNjto-00902-00189167-00189343 and i have noticed that some of our
+M2lUkhXNjto-00903-00189344-00189511 confidential reports have been leaked in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00904-00189512-00189607 the past
+M2lUkhXNjto-00905-00189608-00189799 and i hate to say this this may well
+M2lUkhXNjto-00906-00189800-00190038 provide more information to be leaked
+M2lUkhXNjto-00907-00190039-00190383 um and so if you wanted to respond or we
+M2lUkhXNjto-00908-00190384-00190526 could move on to any questions or
+M2lUkhXNjto-00909-00190527-00190831 comments that commissioner k has
+M2lUkhXNjto-00910-00190832-00191023 just that the i'm reading the statue
+M2lUkhXNjto-00911-00191024-00191150 right here uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00912-00191151-00191375 that we shall ensure that that commit
+M2lUkhXNjto-00913-00191376-00191599 that that inspectors shall be stationed
+M2lUkhXNjto-00914-00191600-00191823 with the goal of covering no fewer than
+M2lUkhXNjto-00915-00191824-00191919 90 percent of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00916-00191920-00192111 all consumer products entering the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00917-00192112-00192263 united states that are risk scored in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00918-00192264-00192495 the risk assessment methodology system
+M2lUkhXNjto-00919-00192496-00192759 that's not ambiguous at all what the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00920-00192760-00192863 congressional mandate
+M2lUkhXNjto-00921-00192864-00193031 is and i think your read of this is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00922-00193032-00193311 fundamentally flawed
+M2lUkhXNjto-00923-00193312-00193550 well i realized that you are tracking
+M2lUkhXNjto-00924-00193551-00193711 some of the language of the statute
+M2lUkhXNjto-00925-00193712-00193775 which i think
+M2lUkhXNjto-00926-00193776-00194007 still leaves out the critical words
+M2lUkhXNjto-00927-00194008-00194207 investigators are stationed at ports of
+M2lUkhXNjto-00928-00194208-00194366 entry this is not the most artfully
+M2lUkhXNjto-00929-00194367-00194438 worded
+M2lUkhXNjto-00930-00194439-00194799 uh statutory direction to us but this is
+M2lUkhXNjto-00931-00194800-00194966 something that we have been implemented
+M2lUkhXNjto-00932-00194967-00195078 we've made clear
+M2lUkhXNjto-00933-00195079-00195271 to the congress that this is the way
+M2lUkhXNjto-00934-00195272-00195431 that we're implementing it
+M2lUkhXNjto-00935-00195432-00195647 uh and i and i think that if we were to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00936-00195648-00195766 take your
+M2lUkhXNjto-00937-00195767-00196031 words literally uh you would stop the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00938-00196032-00196231 commission and have us do nothing but
+M2lUkhXNjto-00939-00196232-00196447 uh inspect uh products coming in through
+M2lUkhXNjto-00940-00196448-00196543 the ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-00941-00196544-00196750 respectfully bob these aren't my words
+M2lUkhXNjto-00942-00196751-00196990 they're congress's words
+M2lUkhXNjto-00943-00196991-00197247 yes part some of their words but not the
+M2lUkhXNjto-00944-00197248-00197399 critical words which to me
+M2lUkhXNjto-00945-00197400-00197726 still pertain to investigators state
+M2lUkhXNjto-00946-00197727-00197926 works of entry that was what congress
+M2lUkhXNjto-00947-00197927-00198150 was looking to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00948-00198151-00198350 uh commissioner hey do you have any
+M2lUkhXNjto-00949-00198351-00198695 questions or comments
+M2lUkhXNjto-00950-00198696-00199271 i don't have any questions i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00951-00199272-00199583 i think that as long as
+M2lUkhXNjto-00952-00199584-00199854 we continue to get briefed on these
+M2lUkhXNjto-00953-00199855-00200023 issues on a weekly basis
+M2lUkhXNjto-00954-00200024-00200278 i'm comfortable with maintaining that i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00955-00200279-00200399 will say that we're all
+M2lUkhXNjto-00956-00200400-00200638 at a bit of a disadvantage because we
+M2lUkhXNjto-00957-00200639-00200902 appropriately cannot discuss
+M2lUkhXNjto-00958-00200903-00201231 some of the aspects of our ports work
+M2lUkhXNjto-00959-00201232-00201438 and so that makes for probably a
+M2lUkhXNjto-00960-00201439-00201614 slightly stilted
+M2lUkhXNjto-00961-00201615-00201838 and awkward back and forth and so i'll
+M2lUkhXNjto-00962-00201839-00202095 just leave it at that but
+M2lUkhXNjto-00963-00202096-00202263 again as long as we continue to get our
+M2lUkhXNjto-00964-00202264-00202471 weekly briefings and we're provided with
+M2lUkhXNjto-00965-00202472-00202638 this information i'm comfortable with
+M2lUkhXNjto-00966-00202639-00202983 the status quo
+M2lUkhXNjto-00967-00202984-00203254 thank you so much commissioner bianco
+M2lUkhXNjto-00968-00203255-00203438 any questions or comments
+M2lUkhXNjto-00969-00203439-00203663 i do um commissioner feldman
+M2lUkhXNjto-00970-00203664-00203759 conceptually
+M2lUkhXNjto-00971-00203760-00204071 and uh substantively uh i i think
+M2lUkhXNjto-00972-00204072-00204199 there's a lot
+M2lUkhXNjto-00973-00204200-00204535 of validity to your proposed amendment i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00974-00204536-00204814 object however to the process here i
+M2lUkhXNjto-00975-00204815-00204951 think that what we're being asked to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00976-00204952-00205006 vote on
+M2lUkhXNjto-00977-00205007-00205342 is simply the budget um and how
+M2lUkhXNjto-00978-00205344-00205558 exactly that money is going to be spent
+M2lUkhXNjto-00979-00205559-00205766 and i'm not inclined to support
+M2lUkhXNjto-00980-00205767-00206071 a reporting requirement um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00981-00206071-00206327 as part of that i don't think it fits um
+M2lUkhXNjto-00982-00206328-00206494 i also think that
+M2lUkhXNjto-00983-00206496-00206751 the um the language that congress has
+M2lUkhXNjto-00984-00206752-00206806 given us
+M2lUkhXNjto-00985-00206807-00207071 speaks for itself so respectfully i'm
+M2lUkhXNjto-00986-00207071-00207198 i'm going to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00987-00207200-00207566 not support it for just those reasons
+M2lUkhXNjto-00988-00207567-00207846 i understand if i may respond i think
+M2lUkhXNjto-00989-00207848-00207998 that there is a link between
+M2lUkhXNjto-00990-00208000-00208351 uh between uh reporting and uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-00991-00208352-00208614 in the budget i expect at some point in
+M2lUkhXNjto-00992-00208615-00208758 the future that the commissioners are
+M2lUkhXNjto-00993-00208759-00208855 going to be called
+M2lUkhXNjto-00994-00208856-00209055 uh to account for how we spent money to
+M2lUkhXNjto-00995-00209056-00209214 meet these new mandates
+M2lUkhXNjto-00996-00209215-00209446 and uh and and you know asking for
+M2lUkhXNjto-00997-00209448-00209566 reporting on this
+M2lUkhXNjto-00998-00209567-00209775 certainly it's not micromanaging it it's
+M2lUkhXNjto-00999-00209776-00209919 our job i just don't want there to be
+M2lUkhXNjto-01000-00209919-00210158 any surprises
+M2lUkhXNjto-01001-00210159-00210327 again i i don't disagree with you
+M2lUkhXNjto-01002-00210328-00210551 substantively that this document
+M2lUkhXNjto-01003-00210552-00210815 i just um don't think it achieves in
+M2lUkhXNjto-01004-00210816-00210942 this document what
+M2lUkhXNjto-01005-00210944-00211206 you're trying to achieve um i i do think
+M2lUkhXNjto-01006-00211207-00211319 we should be getting
+M2lUkhXNjto-01007-00211319-00211606 as much information as possible and i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01008-00211607-00211791 have always been a supporter of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01009-00211792-00212071 expanding our port inspectors and our
+M2lUkhXNjto-01010-00212071-00212294 our equipment and so on and so forth
+M2lUkhXNjto-01011-00212296-00212494 um but i'm not a big supporter of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01012-00212496-00212782 spending money on reporting requirements
+M2lUkhXNjto-01013-00212783-00213182 if it's part of the job
+M2lUkhXNjto-01014-00213183-00213342 so thank you if there are no more
+M2lUkhXNjto-01015-00213344-00213542 questions or comments i will call the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01016-00213544-00213606 question
+M2lUkhXNjto-01017-00213607-00213863 uh with respect to feldman ii
+M2lUkhXNjto-01018-00213864-00214110 commissioner k how do you vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-01019-00214111-00214487 i vote no uh commissioner bianco how do
+M2lUkhXNjto-01020-00214488-00214582 you vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-01021-00214583-00214927 no uh commissioner feldman how do you
+M2lUkhXNjto-01022-00214928-00215006 vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-01023-00215007-00215375 i vote yes and i vote no uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01024-00215376-00215694 the votes are three nay one yay uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01025-00215696-00215815 commissioner feldman ii
+M2lUkhXNjto-01026-00215816-00216079 is not approved commissioner feldman uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01027-00216080-00216294 your third amendment please
+M2lUkhXNjto-01028-00216296-00216591 okay thank you uh so feldman three is an
+M2lUkhXNjto-01029-00216592-00216710 amendment that would add
+M2lUkhXNjto-01030-00216711-00216919 additional port inspectors at the key
+M2lUkhXNjto-01031-00216919-00217071 high volume ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-01032-00217071-00217382 if they're needed uh we've all all four
+M2lUkhXNjto-01033-00217383-00217431 of us
+M2lUkhXNjto-01034-00217432-00217606 have supported expanding full-time ford
+M2lUkhXNjto-01035-00217607-00217791 inspectors to conduct inspections
+M2lUkhXNjto-01036-00217792-00218103 at the highest volume ports of entry
+M2lUkhXNjto-01037-00218104-00218310 um and the plan that's been proposed
+M2lUkhXNjto-01038-00218311-00218679 frankly does a fantastic job at focusing
+M2lUkhXNjto-01039-00218680-00218806 on e-commerce
+M2lUkhXNjto-01040-00218807-00219015 and expansion into ports where cpsc
+M2lUkhXNjto-01041-00219016-00219198 currently lacks coverage
+M2lUkhXNjto-01042-00219200-00219503 but what the plan doesn't do is expand
+M2lUkhXNjto-01043-00219504-00219687 our strengths at the key high-volume
+M2lUkhXNjto-01044-00219688-00219806 port
+M2lUkhXNjto-01045-00219807-00220094 congress directed the commission uh to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01046-00220096-00220334 add staff at the keyport and to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01047-00220335-00220639 what were feasible and to reach a 90
+M2lUkhXNjto-01048-00220640-00220919 threshold of inspections and and a
+M2lUkhXNjto-01049-00220919-00221055 question is there anything more
+M2lUkhXNjto-01050-00221056-00221398 key than our high volume ports the plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-01051-00221400-00221742 as drafted adds four new inspectors
+M2lUkhXNjto-01052-00221744-00221942 to four additional ports and two
+M2lUkhXNjto-01053-00221944-00222127 additional supervisors
+M2lUkhXNjto-01054-00222128-00222351 but what my amendment would call for is
+M2lUkhXNjto-01055-00222352-00222494 to increase the number of port
+M2lUkhXNjto-01056-00222496-00222598 inspectors by
+M2lUkhXNjto-01057-00222600-00222942 up to 10 if we haven't met that 90
+M2lUkhXNjto-01058-00222944-00223094 threshold by the end of the current
+M2lUkhXNjto-01059-00223096-00223310 fiscal year uh the amendment seeks to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01060-00223311-00223367 provide
+M2lUkhXNjto-01061-00223367-00223615 for uh any staffing shortages that may
+M2lUkhXNjto-01062-00223616-00223831 come up in working towards
+M2lUkhXNjto-01063-00223832-00224198 uh that goal and it is a
+M2lUkhXNjto-01064-00224200-00224527 it's a safeguard essentially uh again i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01065-00224528-00224606 i would i would
+M2lUkhXNjto-01066-00224607-00224775 thank you for your consideration and if
+M2lUkhXNjto-01067-00224776-00225046 there's a second i'm happy to answer any
+M2lUkhXNjto-01068-00225048-00225191 any questions that my colleagues have on
+M2lUkhXNjto-01069-00225192-00225375 this amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-01070-00225376-00225534 thank you so much commissioner feldman
+M2lUkhXNjto-01071-00225535-00225751 is there a second
+M2lUkhXNjto-01072-00225752-00226087 second
+M2lUkhXNjto-01073-00226088-00226206 peter you look like you wanted to say
+M2lUkhXNjto-01074-00226207-00226455 something additional at this point
+M2lUkhXNjto-01075-00226456-00226775 okay um again
+M2lUkhXNjto-01076-00226776-00227055 i uh i appreciate the sentiment i think
+M2lUkhXNjto-01077-00227056-00227255 that we're all supportive of expanding
+M2lUkhXNjto-01078-00227256-00227375 our port presence
+M2lUkhXNjto-01079-00227376-00227694 and uh even if we were to dramatically
+M2lUkhXNjto-01080-00227696-00227910 expand our port presence we'd still be
+M2lUkhXNjto-01081-00227911-00228119 falling short of what my notion
+M2lUkhXNjto-01082-00228119-00228351 is of what is needed to protect
+M2lUkhXNjto-01083-00228352-00228463 consumers from
+M2lUkhXNjto-01084-00228464-00228615 products coming in through the ports and
+M2lUkhXNjto-01085-00228616-00228919 i am delighted that we are looking to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01086-00228919-00229223 uh set up uh arrangements
+M2lUkhXNjto-01087-00229223-00229463 to address the de minimis shipments that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01088-00229464-00229591 are coming in
+M2lUkhXNjto-01089-00229592-00229831 at specialized ports and not necessarily
+M2lUkhXNjto-01090-00229832-00229927 generally through the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01091-00229928-00230294 major points but i have to say the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01092-00230296-00230487 feldman amendment to me goes well beyond
+M2lUkhXNjto-01093-00230488-00230646 the mandate that's contained in the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01094-00230648-00230815 covid legislation
+M2lUkhXNjto-01095-00230816-00231151 because it sets as a sort of an absolute
+M2lUkhXNjto-01096-00231152-00231215 number
+M2lUkhXNjto-01097-00231216-00231487 uh meeting this 90 coverage uh and
+M2lUkhXNjto-01098-00231488-00231679 that's not what the congress directed us
+M2lUkhXNjto-01099-00231680-00231758 to do
+M2lUkhXNjto-01100-00231759-00232063 it also forces the immediate hiring of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01101-00232064-00232182 additional staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-01102-00232183-00232439 uh and i don't know what that definition
+M2lUkhXNjto-01103-00232440-00232551 the definition of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01104-00232552-00232831 of immediate is but also let me let me
+M2lUkhXNjto-01105-00232832-00232942 be clear
+M2lUkhXNjto-01106-00232944-00233119 when congress gave us this direction
+M2lUkhXNjto-01107-00233119-00233310 about the ports it didn't say you have
+M2lUkhXNjto-01108-00233311-00233446 to station people
+M2lUkhXNjto-01109-00233448-00233687 at the ports it says they must be
+M2lUkhXNjto-01110-00233688-00233815 stationed at or
+M2lUkhXNjto-01111-00233816-00234103 supporting uh efforts at the ports and
+M2lUkhXNjto-01112-00234104-00234310 your amendment does not include that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01113-00234311-00234519 that language commissioner feldman in
+M2lUkhXNjto-01114-00234519-00234710 other words you've tied our hands so
+M2lUkhXNjto-01115-00234711-00234798 that these staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-01116-00234800-00235063 must be stationed at the ports and that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01117-00235064-00235271 removes some important flexibility that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01118-00235271-00235334 we need
+M2lUkhXNjto-01119-00235335-00235606 in order to meet our congressional
+M2lUkhXNjto-01120-00235607-00235687 mandate
+M2lUkhXNjto-01121-00235688-00236119 and i go back to this notion about
+M2lUkhXNjto-01122-00236119-00236391 voluntary standards we don't we don't
+M2lUkhXNjto-01123-00236392-00236598 inspect for voluntary standards for the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01124-00236600-00236910 most part and i guess one other
+M2lUkhXNjto-01125-00236911-00237231 issue that i have probably a couple
+M2lUkhXNjto-01126-00237232-00237534 is you you talk about key ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-01127-00237535-00237775 of entry but i don't see a definition of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01128-00237776-00237975 what a key port of entry is
+M2lUkhXNjto-01129-00237976-00238231 and what i'm afraid of is this opens up
+M2lUkhXNjto-01130-00238232-00238446 staff to endless second guessing about
+M2lUkhXNjto-01131-00238448-00238606 well this was a key port
+M2lUkhXNjto-01132-00238607-00238767 and the staff saying we didn't think it
+M2lUkhXNjto-01133-00238767-00239015 was a key part and i don't see a good
+M2lUkhXNjto-01134-00239016-00239294 definition and also just in terms of the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01135-00239296-00239446 technicalities
+M2lUkhXNjto-01136-00239448-00239758 if we got to september 30th and the day
+M2lUkhXNjto-01137-00239759-00239894 before we dipped below
+M2lUkhXNjto-01138-00239896-00240206 90 but we'd been at 90 before and we
+M2lUkhXNjto-01139-00240207-00240271 came
+M2lUkhXNjto-01140-00240271-00240606 uh uh above it we still seem to be
+M2lUkhXNjto-01141-00240607-00240855 obligated to hire additional ftes
+M2lUkhXNjto-01142-00240856-00241167 because we missed it by one day
+M2lUkhXNjto-01143-00241167-00241415 and i i guess the other thing is that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01144-00241416-00241503 this is
+M2lUkhXNjto-01145-00241504-00241758 uh arpa's legislation to deal with the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01146-00241759-00241887 covet crisis
+M2lUkhXNjto-01147-00241888-00242103 i don't necessarily want to see staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-01148-00242104-00242230 locked stationed
+M2lUkhXNjto-01149-00242231-00242539 at the ports so to me this is
+M2lUkhXNjto-01150-00242540-00242655 micromanaging
+M2lUkhXNjto-01151-00242656-00242855 it's it's a worthy sentiment and it's
+M2lUkhXNjto-01152-00242856-00242991 one i fully support
+M2lUkhXNjto-01153-00242992-00243263 but the exact wording of your amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-01154-00243264-00243415 gives me a great deal of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01155-00243416-00243567 difficulty commission feldman if you
+M2lUkhXNjto-01156-00243567-00243758 wish to respond
+M2lUkhXNjto-01157-00243759-00244151 i i i do have a response uh first of all
+M2lUkhXNjto-01158-00244152-00244398 the notion that that uh the the the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01159-00244400-00244663 notion that the key ports is somehow uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01160-00244664-00244934 uh coming from nowhere i'm i'm reading a
+M2lUkhXNjto-01161-00244935-00245087 copy of the bill here
+M2lUkhXNjto-01162-00245088-00245319 uh and it specifically discusses
+M2lUkhXNjto-01163-00245319-00245575 additional cpsc surveillance personnel
+M2lUkhXNjto-01164-00245576-00245830 at key ports of entry now when we've
+M2lUkhXNjto-01165-00245831-00246015 dealt with this in the past
+M2lUkhXNjto-01166-00246016-00246294 uh and most recently in the fy 22 budget
+M2lUkhXNjto-01167-00246296-00246503 request we talked
+M2lUkhXNjto-01168-00246504-00246751 a a about a a plus up to ports at our
+M2lUkhXNjto-01169-00246752-00246942 highest volume ports of entry
+M2lUkhXNjto-01170-00246944-00247127 uh all of us are on record is is
+M2lUkhXNjto-01171-00247128-00247255 supporting that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01172-00247256-00247534 um in in the notion that that i'm
+M2lUkhXNjto-01173-00247535-00247719 ignoring the language of what's called
+M2lUkhXNjto-01174-00247719-00247791 for in
+M2lUkhXNjto-01175-00247792-00248039 uh title double x here uh that it
+M2lUkhXNjto-01176-00248040-00248142 discusses uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01177-00248144-00248358 port personnel or uh supporting efforts
+M2lUkhXNjto-01178-00248359-00248463 at the ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-01179-00248464-00248751 we're doing that uh the plan as drafted
+M2lUkhXNjto-01180-00248752-00248823 uh uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01181-00248823-00248942 certainly contains a number of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01182-00248944-00249094 provisions and we just talked about all
+M2lUkhXNjto-01183-00249096-00249230 the supporting staff that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01184-00249231-00249415 that's being called for that additional
+M2lUkhXNjto-01185-00249416-00249655 personnel this amendment would layer on
+M2lUkhXNjto-01186-00249656-00249791 top of that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01187-00249792-00250103 to address a shortfall at the port
+M2lUkhXNjto-01188-00250104-00250591 if it's needed it's a safeguard
+M2lUkhXNjto-01189-00250592-00250879 okay i would just simply say that when
+M2lUkhXNjto-01190-00250880-00251094 the congress says key ports we do you're
+M2lUkhXNjto-01191-00251096-00251167 right this
+M2lUkhXNjto-01192-00251167-00251303 the commission staff has an
+M2lUkhXNjto-01193-00251304-00251487 interpretation of that term
+M2lUkhXNjto-01194-00251488-00251710 but the fact is that i'm not clear that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01195-00251711-00251894 that's the term that you're using
+M2lUkhXNjto-01196-00251896-00252087 uh and what i'm afraid of is that this
+M2lUkhXNjto-01197-00252088-00252279 opens them up not to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01198-00252280-00252558 their interpretation of what a keyport
+M2lUkhXNjto-01199-00252559-00252606 is but
+M2lUkhXNjto-01200-00252607-00252903 your interpretation rather than that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01201-00252904-00253006 rather than adding
+M2lUkhXNjto-01202-00253007-00253351 uh uh ports personnel at
+M2lUkhXNjto-01203-00253352-00253591 at any of the ports that we're at we're
+M2lUkhXNjto-01204-00253592-00253734 opting to expand to ports where we
+M2lUkhXNjto-01205-00253735-00253879 currently have no presence
+M2lUkhXNjto-01206-00253880-00254351 frankly low volume force
+M2lUkhXNjto-01207-00254352-00254751 that's a point of disagreement among us
+M2lUkhXNjto-01208-00254752-00254927 what we're doing is providing additional
+M2lUkhXNjto-01209-00254928-00255142 staff capability for dealing with ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-01210-00255144-00255271 at those moments when
+M2lUkhXNjto-01211-00255271-00255494 they would be needed and i think it's
+M2lUkhXNjto-01212-00255496-00255655 exactly the right approach
+M2lUkhXNjto-01213-00255656-00255910 but not permanently stationing them at
+M2lUkhXNjto-01214-00255911-00256110 those ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-01215-00256111-00256263 commissioner i'm sorry commissioner
+M2lUkhXNjto-01216-00256264-00256391 feldman if you have any additional
+M2lUkhXNjto-01217-00256392-00256591 response
+M2lUkhXNjto-01218-00256592-00256934 commissioner the the the the the pace
+M2lUkhXNjto-01219-00256935-00257039 that i'm seeing
+M2lUkhXNjto-01220-00257040-00257263 uh if if staff continues at it at the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01221-00257264-00257406 pace that that we're at
+M2lUkhXNjto-01222-00257407-00257679 i'm concerned uh and we're doing a great
+M2lUkhXNjto-01223-00257680-00257742 job
+M2lUkhXNjto-01224-00257744-00258039 the amendment won't take effect uh it's
+M2lUkhXNjto-01225-00258040-00258151 conditional
+M2lUkhXNjto-01226-00258152-00258327 and it would it would simply add
+M2lUkhXNjto-01227-00258328-00258567 resources at the at the areas where
+M2lUkhXNjto-01228-00258567-00258727 there's the highest probability of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01229-00258728-00258815 effect
+M2lUkhXNjto-01230-00258816-00258991 and impact during our busiest month
+M2lUkhXNjto-01231-00258992-00259334 those are our key high volume ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-01232-00259335-00259598 uh thank you for that commissioner k any
+M2lUkhXNjto-01233-00259600-00259919 uh questions or comments
+M2lUkhXNjto-01234-00259919-00260263 uh no questions uh thanks for
+M2lUkhXNjto-01235-00260264-00260534 um you know another amendment to try to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01236-00260535-00260710 get to where we all want to go
+M2lUkhXNjto-01237-00260711-00261030 but i am comfortable that staff has this
+M2lUkhXNjto-01238-00261031-00261406 covered no pun intended and that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01239-00261407-00261639 it seems like they're well on their way
+M2lUkhXNjto-01240-00261640-00261879 that there is enough flexibility
+M2lUkhXNjto-01241-00261880-00262158 that if it turns out that there are some
+M2lUkhXNjto-01242-00262159-00262334 type of bumps that we can revisit this
+M2lUkhXNjto-01243-00262335-00262479 issue i don't think this is the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01244-00262480-00262606 final time that we're going to be
+M2lUkhXNjto-01245-00262607-00262775 looking at this effect we're going to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01246-00262776-00262958 have many opportunities as this moves
+M2lUkhXNjto-01247-00262959-00263103 forward to look at it and so i'm
+M2lUkhXNjto-01248-00263104-00263599 comfortable with staff's plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-01249-00263600-00263799 thank you so much commissioner bianco
+M2lUkhXNjto-01250-00263800-00264030 any questions or comments
+M2lUkhXNjto-01251-00264031-00264310 just a quick one again i i um i don't
+M2lUkhXNjto-01252-00264311-00264447 think we'll ever have
+M2lUkhXNjto-01253-00264448-00264727 enough people and equipment at the ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-01254-00264728-00264871 in this day and age
+M2lUkhXNjto-01255-00264872-00265071 and i certainly support putting more
+M2lUkhXNjto-01256-00265072-00265287 people and and so forth but i do
+M2lUkhXNjto-01257-00265288-00265606 think that peter your amendment could be
+M2lUkhXNjto-01258-00265607-00265847 argued that it's uh that it's limiting
+M2lUkhXNjto-01259-00265848-00266063 and so rather than get into
+M2lUkhXNjto-01260-00266064-00266182 you know whether it's conditional
+M2lUkhXNjto-01261-00266183-00266358 whether it's limiting whether it's
+M2lUkhXNjto-01262-00266359-00266527 consistent with what congress said i'm
+M2lUkhXNjto-01263-00266528-00266782 just i'm going to rely on the language
+M2lUkhXNjto-01264-00266783-00267039 that congress has given us as you know a
+M2lUkhXNjto-01265-00267040-00267215 lot of negotiation
+M2lUkhXNjto-01266-00267216-00267534 goes into those bills and um you know
+M2lUkhXNjto-01267-00267535-00267599 whether we
+M2lUkhXNjto-01268-00267600-00267863 agree or not agree we are mandated to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01269-00267864-00267943 follow that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01270-00267944-00268110 and i want to keep it as broad as
+M2lUkhXNjto-01271-00268111-00268263 possible so i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01272-00268264-00268519 i'm gonna i'm gonna pass on this one
+M2lUkhXNjto-01273-00268520-00268791 respectfully
+M2lUkhXNjto-01274-00268792-00268951 uh thank you are there any additional
+M2lUkhXNjto-01275-00268952-00269087 questions or comments commissioner
+M2lUkhXNjto-01276-00269088-00269303 feldman
+M2lUkhXNjto-01277-00269304-00269687 okay if not then uh we will move
+M2lUkhXNjto-01278-00269688-00269958 to a vote uh with respect to feldman
+M2lUkhXNjto-01279-00269959-00269999 three
+M2lUkhXNjto-01280-00270000-00270471 commissioner k how do you vote i vote no
+M2lUkhXNjto-01281-00270472-00270823 commissioner bianco how do you vote no
+M2lUkhXNjto-01282-00270824-00271095 uh and i vote no i'm sorry commissioner
+M2lUkhXNjto-01283-00271096-00271455 feldman i apologize
+M2lUkhXNjto-01284-00271456-00271799 okay uh the votes are three nay uh one
+M2lUkhXNjto-01285-00271800-00272039 yay commissioner feldman iii is not
+M2lUkhXNjto-01286-00272040-00272206 approved commissioner feldman may ask
+M2lUkhXNjto-01287-00272207-00272295 that you move to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01288-00272296-00272671 feldman four yes uh so feldman four is
+M2lUkhXNjto-01289-00272672-00272799 an amendment that would provide
+M2lUkhXNjto-01290-00272800-00272982 transparency with respect to our
+M2lUkhXNjto-01291-00272983-00273175 remedial screenings
+M2lUkhXNjto-01292-00273176-00273447 through no for fault of our our port and
+M2lUkhXNjto-01293-00273448-00273582 field inspectors
+M2lUkhXNjto-01294-00273583-00273806 we experienced the period where cpsc's
+M2lUkhXNjto-01295-00273807-00274039 in-person port inspection activity
+M2lUkhXNjto-01296-00274040-00274391 declined during the covet pandemic
+M2lUkhXNjto-01297-00274392-00274630 congress told us to focus on high-risk
+M2lUkhXNjto-01298-00274631-00274727 products
+M2lUkhXNjto-01299-00274728-00274895 and i can't think of a riskier product
+M2lUkhXNjto-01300-00274896-00275071 category than those that made it onto
+M2lUkhXNjto-01301-00275072-00275206 store shelves
+M2lUkhXNjto-01302-00275207-00275471 without their usual cpsc screenings for
+M2lUkhXNjto-01303-00275472-00275599 things like lead
+M2lUkhXNjto-01304-00275600-00275982 and small parts during the mid-year one
+M2lUkhXNjto-01305-00275983-00276199 uh i offered an amendment uh asking for
+M2lUkhXNjto-01306-00276200-00276423 a plan and i was assured that the work
+M2lUkhXNjto-01307-00276424-00276734 uh here is in fact underway uh it was
+M2lUkhXNjto-01308-00276735-00276830 suggested that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01309-00276831-00277030 discussion of of of that amendment would
+M2lUkhXNjto-01310-00277031-00277239 be better suited to mid-year too
+M2lUkhXNjto-01311-00277240-00277430 um so i'm reproposing the amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-01312-00277431-00277663 albeit in a slightly different form
+M2lUkhXNjto-01313-00277664-00277943 uh my amendment feldman iv uh would
+M2lUkhXNjto-01314-00277944-00278134 require staff to include in its weekly
+M2lUkhXNjto-01315-00278135-00278303 port and field staffing report that we
+M2lUkhXNjto-01316-00278304-00278415 all receive
+M2lUkhXNjto-01317-00278416-00278615 updates about the steps that uh staff is
+M2lUkhXNjto-01318-00278616-00278830 taking and what we're finding
+M2lUkhXNjto-01319-00278831-00279071 uh the information that that that's
+M2lUkhXNjto-01320-00279072-00279191 called for here
+M2lUkhXNjto-01321-00279192-00279399 is part of the required congressional
+M2lUkhXNjto-01322-00279400-00279639 report that's due on june 27th
+M2lUkhXNjto-01323-00279640-00279823 uh and i just i don't want there to be
+M2lUkhXNjto-01324-00279824-00279958 any surprises
+M2lUkhXNjto-01325-00279959-00280223 um my amendment is designed to ensure
+M2lUkhXNjto-01326-00280224-00280415 that there's transparency
+M2lUkhXNjto-01327-00280416-00280703 uh and and nothing more again thank
+M2lUkhXNjto-01328-00280704-00280855 everybody for consideration
+M2lUkhXNjto-01329-00280856-00281158 and i'm happy to answer any questions
+M2lUkhXNjto-01330-00281159-00281399 uh thank you so much is there a second
+M2lUkhXNjto-01331-00281400-00281687 to commissioner feldman's motion
+M2lUkhXNjto-01332-00281688-00282015 expected thank you so much
+M2lUkhXNjto-01333-00282016-00282327 uh and commissioner feldman uh i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01334-00282328-00282655 i agree that uh it's important for
+M2lUkhXNjto-01335-00282656-00282958 us to look to see what got in
+M2lUkhXNjto-01336-00282959-00283295 during the early days of the pandemic
+M2lUkhXNjto-01337-00283296-00283558 i have talked to staff and i think that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01338-00283559-00283775 this is a subject worthy of a briefing
+M2lUkhXNjto-01339-00283776-00284015 i think they have done a brilliant job
+M2lUkhXNjto-01340-00284016-00284087 of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01341-00284088-00284295 tracking down stuff that may have come
+M2lUkhXNjto-01342-00284296-00284406 through the ports
+M2lUkhXNjto-01343-00284407-00284710 uh in finding uh violative
+M2lUkhXNjto-01344-00284711-00285023 excuse me violet of goods and so i'm i'm
+M2lUkhXNjto-01345-00285024-00285182 really delighted to see that they're
+M2lUkhXNjto-01346-00285183-00285327 doing that and that is something that i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01347-00285328-00285399 believe
+M2lUkhXNjto-01348-00285400-00285751 that staff can brief us on i do not
+M2lUkhXNjto-01349-00285752-00285806 agree
+M2lUkhXNjto-01350-00285807-00285975 that this is something that should be
+M2lUkhXNjto-01351-00285976-00286182 mandated in a report
+M2lUkhXNjto-01352-00286183-00286391 first of all it's adding unnecessary
+M2lUkhXNjto-01353-00286392-00286558 work and it's also pointing in
+M2lUkhXNjto-01354-00286559-00286647 directions
+M2lUkhXNjto-01355-00286648-00286943 that i am afraid will dissipate the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01356-00286944-00287110 incredible work that's being done by
+M2lUkhXNjto-01357-00287111-00287206 staff to address
+M2lUkhXNjto-01358-00287207-00287558 underserved communities so i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01359-00287559-00287775 i think that this expands what the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01360-00287776-00287975 congress asked for and i don't see the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01361-00287976-00288151 need to enshrine it formally
+M2lUkhXNjto-01362-00288152-00288527 in weekly reports and
+M2lUkhXNjto-01363-00288528-00288895 so uh i also am afraid that this again
+M2lUkhXNjto-01364-00288896-00289175 uh opens staff up to uh second guessing
+M2lUkhXNjto-01365-00289176-00289319 in ways that i find
+M2lUkhXNjto-01366-00289320-00289630 that make me uncomfortable it says
+M2lUkhXNjto-01367-00289631-00289910 they have to address the remedial steps
+M2lUkhXNjto-01368-00289911-00290039 that are being taken
+M2lUkhXNjto-01369-00290040-00290343 but that that's a term that could put
+M2lUkhXNjto-01370-00290344-00290527 them on the hot seat if they don't meet
+M2lUkhXNjto-01371-00290528-00290767 any particular commissioner's notion
+M2lUkhXNjto-01372-00290768-00291063 of what remedial steps are so i'm not
+M2lUkhXNjto-01373-00291064-00291271 going to support it but i certainly
+M2lUkhXNjto-01374-00291272-00291543 support the sentiment that we need to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01375-00291544-00291647 address
+M2lUkhXNjto-01376-00291648-00291830 violative goods that came in during the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01377-00291831-00292047 early days of the pandemic
+M2lUkhXNjto-01378-00292048-00292310 and have a good comprehensive plan for
+M2lUkhXNjto-01379-00292311-00292519 addressing that and i will say that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01380-00292520-00292799 i'm really delighted to see what staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-01381-00292800-00292903 has done
+M2lUkhXNjto-01382-00292904-00293239 uh commissioner feldman any response i i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01383-00293240-00293303 i th
+M2lUkhXNjto-01384-00293304-00293471 the only response that i would have is
+M2lUkhXNjto-01385-00293472-00293630 that as as
+M2lUkhXNjto-01386-00293631-00293863 i have not received briefings about the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01387-00293864-00294039 the work that staff is doing to conduct
+M2lUkhXNjto-01388-00294040-00294230 remedial screenings but
+M2lUkhXNjto-01389-00294231-00294487 the four of us as the agency's senior
+M2lUkhXNjto-01390-00294488-00294647 political leadership
+M2lUkhXNjto-01391-00294648-00294839 we're stewards of the agency and the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01392-00294840-00294991 resource that it expends
+M2lUkhXNjto-01393-00294992-00295223 and ultimately it's going to be the four
+M2lUkhXNjto-01394-00295224-00295471 of us that are called uh to account
+M2lUkhXNjto-01395-00295472-00295799 uh uh for our our meeting or
+M2lUkhXNjto-01396-00295800-00296006 failure to meet uh the the requirements
+M2lUkhXNjto-01397-00296007-00296151 that uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01398-00296152-00296399 that that that have been set forward in
+M2lUkhXNjto-01399-00296400-00296510 statute that we're supposed to be
+M2lUkhXNjto-01400-00296511-00296599 following
+M2lUkhXNjto-01401-00296600-00296806 um it's important that we're informed
+M2lUkhXNjto-01402-00296807-00296919 about what staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-01403-00296920-00297223 spends its time working on right now i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01404-00297224-00297263 have
+M2lUkhXNjto-01405-00297264-00297582 i've received no information on that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01406-00297583-00297647 front
+M2lUkhXNjto-01407-00297648-00297999 and requesting information that frankly
+M2lUkhXNjto-01408-00298000-00298158 should be shared without us having to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01409-00298159-00298303 request it
+M2lUkhXNjto-01410-00298304-00298654 it's not micromanagement it's good sound
+M2lUkhXNjto-01411-00298655-00298895 management
+M2lUkhXNjto-01412-00298896-00299071 yeah and if i could respond that is
+M2lUkhXNjto-01413-00299072-00299239 information that the commission is
+M2lUkhXNjto-01414-00299240-00299351 entitled to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01415-00299352-00299630 uh and as you know before we submit any
+M2lUkhXNjto-01416-00299631-00299806 report to the congress
+M2lUkhXNjto-01417-00299807-00300015 that will be circulated to the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01418-00300016-00300110 commission
+M2lUkhXNjto-01419-00300111-00300487 for commission supervision and so
+M2lUkhXNjto-01420-00300488-00300639 we this is information that we're
+M2lUkhXNjto-01421-00300640-00300815 entitled to i think the staff has been
+M2lUkhXNjto-01422-00300816-00300919 in the process
+M2lUkhXNjto-01423-00300920-00301119 of developing this comprehensive plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-01424-00301120-00301303 and an appropriate point
+M2lUkhXNjto-01425-00301304-00301575 staff will be briefing the commission on
+M2lUkhXNjto-01426-00301576-00301615 it
+M2lUkhXNjto-01427-00301616-00301806 the plan will be circulated for
+M2lUkhXNjto-01428-00301807-00302023 commission supervision i don't know what
+M2lUkhXNjto-01429-00302024-00302127 that means
+M2lUkhXNjto-01430-00302128-00302295 congress directed the commission to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01431-00302296-00302454 submit the report the four of us are
+M2lUkhXNjto-01432-00302455-00302623 going to have to vote and sign off on
+M2lUkhXNjto-01433-00302624-00302687 this
+M2lUkhXNjto-01434-00302688-00302815 i just don't want there to be any
+M2lUkhXNjto-01435-00302816-00303103 surprises it's fair to say that there
+M2lUkhXNjto-01436-00303104-00303247 there you there should not be any
+M2lUkhXNjto-01437-00303248-00303406 surprises and and
+M2lUkhXNjto-01438-00303407-00303687 uh i think that's exactly correct uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01439-00303688-00304071 commissioner k any questions or comments
+M2lUkhXNjto-01440-00304072-00304271 um i don't have any questions for
+M2lUkhXNjto-01441-00304272-00304430 commissioner feldman i will say that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01442-00304431-00304471 this
+M2lUkhXNjto-01443-00304472-00304751 was the amendment i spend the most time
+M2lUkhXNjto-01444-00304752-00304934 on the fence about
+M2lUkhXNjto-01445-00304935-00305191 i agree with a lot of what commissioner
+M2lUkhXNjto-01446-00305192-00305375 feldman has raised
+M2lUkhXNjto-01447-00305376-00305710 in terms of the importance of having
+M2lUkhXNjto-01448-00305711-00305895 a regular understanding of our work in
+M2lUkhXNjto-01449-00305896-00306015 this area
+M2lUkhXNjto-01450-00306016-00306191 i don't want to get too far into the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01451-00306192-00306382 decision making from last year but
+M2lUkhXNjto-01452-00306383-00306534 i think it's fair to say at least from
+M2lUkhXNjto-01453-00306535-00306703 my perspective
+M2lUkhXNjto-01454-00306704-00306919 that the remedial work was a key
+M2lUkhXNjto-01455-00306920-00307079 component
+M2lUkhXNjto-01456-00307080-00307479 for me in uh the decision making that we
+M2lUkhXNjto-01457-00307480-00307647 made meaning that we would have a
+M2lUkhXNjto-01458-00307648-00307791 comfort level
+M2lUkhXNjto-01459-00307792-00308095 that we would do everything in our power
+M2lUkhXNjto-01460-00308096-00308327 to attempt to remediate the things that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01461-00308328-00308575 did slip through during the times when
+M2lUkhXNjto-01462-00308576-00308879 we didn't have full port coverage and so
+M2lUkhXNjto-01463-00308880-00309054 i think it's completely fair of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01464-00309055-00309223 commissioner feldman
+M2lUkhXNjto-01465-00309224-00309510 to have an expectation that we would
+M2lUkhXNjto-01466-00309511-00309695 regularly be informed of what's
+M2lUkhXNjto-01467-00309696-00309758 happening
+M2lUkhXNjto-01468-00309759-00310110 in that area and so my office has been
+M2lUkhXNjto-01469-00310111-00310182 getting
+M2lUkhXNjto-01470-00310183-00310447 weekly briefings that uh have occurred
+M2lUkhXNjto-01471-00310448-00310567 with staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-01472-00310568-00310758 that are not specific to this but
+M2lUkhXNjto-01473-00310759-00310991 include include information about this
+M2lUkhXNjto-01474-00310992-00311087 topic
+M2lUkhXNjto-01475-00311088-00311391 i'm requesting mr chairman or uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01476-00311392-00311630 expecting that that will continue and
+M2lUkhXNjto-01477-00311631-00311775 that we can count on that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01478-00311776-00311967 and then also i think you suggested this
+M2lUkhXNjto-01479-00311968-00312134 might be a good topic for a closed
+M2lUkhXNjto-01480-00312135-00312271 compliance briefing
+M2lUkhXNjto-01481-00312272-00312423 i think that i would support that if
+M2lUkhXNjto-01482-00312424-00312639 that's what you're proposing
+M2lUkhXNjto-01483-00312640-00312910 and so i think that it's fair that we
+M2lUkhXNjto-01484-00312911-00313095 continue to be kept informed on a
+M2lUkhXNjto-01485-00313096-00313223 regular basis
+M2lUkhXNjto-01486-00313224-00313558 uh certainly orally as to what staff is
+M2lUkhXNjto-01487-00313559-00313710 doing so that we can have an
+M2lUkhXNjto-01488-00313711-00313958 understanding of that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01489-00313959-00314271 and i do think that's a fair uh point to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01490-00314272-00314351 ask and i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01491-00314352-00314534 am completely sympathetic to that i'd be
+M2lUkhXNjto-01492-00314535-00314710 delighted to have a close compliance
+M2lUkhXNjto-01493-00314711-00314854 briefing to address
+M2lUkhXNjto-01494-00314855-00315175 uh this as i say i don't know all the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01495-00315176-00315319 particulars of it because
+M2lUkhXNjto-01496-00315320-00315534 the staff has been working on that but
+M2lUkhXNjto-01497-00315535-00315847 from what i've heard so far i have been
+M2lUkhXNjto-01498-00315848-00316047 pleased to hear so i do think regular
+M2lUkhXNjto-01499-00316048-00316175 briefings on
+M2lUkhXNjto-01500-00316176-00316479 this are in order i just don't feel
+M2lUkhXNjto-01501-00316480-00316830 it necessary to enshrine it in a form of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01502-00316831-00317143 i energize yes please i don't i don't
+M2lUkhXNjto-01503-00317144-00317310 want to deprive commissioner bianco
+M2lUkhXNjto-01504-00317311-00317551 of of her opportunity to to offer any
+M2lUkhXNjto-01505-00317552-00317695 comments that she has
+M2lUkhXNjto-01506-00317696-00317847 uh so i don't want to dominate the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01507-00317848-00318006 conversation here uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01508-00318007-00318334 but if if hearing commissioner kay's
+M2lUkhXNjto-01509-00318335-00318503 uh line of questioning and in the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01510-00318504-00318679 discussion about uh about close
+M2lUkhXNjto-01511-00318680-00318839 compliance briefings
+M2lUkhXNjto-01512-00318840-00319079 if there is a commitment on the table
+M2lUkhXNjto-01513-00319080-00319206 for regular
+M2lUkhXNjto-01514-00319207-00319487 monthly compliance briefings on remedial
+M2lUkhXNjto-01515-00319488-00319558 action
+M2lUkhXNjto-01516-00319559-00319830 i'd be more than happy to withdraw uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01517-00319831-00320047 withdraw this amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-01518-00320048-00320263 i make no such commitment about regular
+M2lUkhXNjto-01519-00320264-00320367 monthly meetings
+M2lUkhXNjto-01520-00320368-00320647 just to brief on this point uh i think
+M2lUkhXNjto-01521-00320648-00320710 that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01522-00320711-00321023 may be addressing uh it in ways that are
+M2lUkhXNjto-01523-00321024-00321303 unnecessary i would make a commitment to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01524-00321304-00321399 a commission
+M2lUkhXNjto-01525-00321400-00321630 close compliance briefing and then to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01526-00321631-00321823 see whether we feel additional briefings
+M2lUkhXNjto-01527-00321824-00321895 on that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01528-00321896-00322430 uh point should be done
+M2lUkhXNjto-01529-00322431-00322782 commission bianco so why
+M2lUkhXNjto-01530-00322783-00322943 let me be the chairman and i'll call in
+M2lUkhXNjto-01531-00322944-00323175 commissioner biako
+M2lUkhXNjto-01532-00323176-00323399 um what i struggle with on this
+M2lUkhXNjto-01533-00323400-00323663 amendment is that it is premised
+M2lUkhXNjto-01534-00323664-00323982 on on the fact that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01535-00323983-00324263 um some things may have gotten through
+M2lUkhXNjto-01536-00324264-00324391 during the early days
+M2lUkhXNjto-01537-00324392-00324751 of the um pandemic and what i remember
+M2lUkhXNjto-01538-00324752-00324951 and i stand by our decision was a
+M2lUkhXNjto-01539-00324952-00325167 unanimous decision by this very
+M2lUkhXNjto-01540-00325168-00325263 commission
+M2lUkhXNjto-01541-00325264-00325582 to protect our staff in the early days
+M2lUkhXNjto-01542-00325583-00325903 of the pandemic when nobody knew what
+M2lUkhXNjto-01543-00325904-00326167 was going on how dangerous the virus was
+M2lUkhXNjto-01544-00326168-00326543 could be we didn't have um ppe in fact i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01545-00326544-00326582 think
+M2lUkhXNjto-01546-00326583-00326775 our agency actually donated the few
+M2lUkhXNjto-01547-00326776-00326999 pieces of ppe that we had
+M2lUkhXNjto-01548-00327000-00327287 to um frontline workers leaving us with
+M2lUkhXNjto-01549-00327288-00327406 zero and so
+M2lUkhXNjto-01550-00327407-00327687 i i feel what i'm hearing in your
+M2lUkhXNjto-01551-00327688-00327863 presentation of this amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-01552-00327864-00328134 is that it's it corrects or is designed
+M2lUkhXNjto-01553-00328135-00328223 to correct
+M2lUkhXNjto-01554-00328224-00328399 something that we all voted on and i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01555-00328400-00328606 think correctly voted on
+M2lUkhXNjto-01556-00328607-00328815 and so i can't i can't support it
+M2lUkhXNjto-01557-00328816-00329223 because of that premise
+M2lUkhXNjto-01558-00329224-00329503 okay uh hearing uh no further questions
+M2lUkhXNjto-01559-00329504-00329663 or comments
+M2lUkhXNjto-01560-00329664-00329927 okay if not then i call the vote on
+M2lUkhXNjto-01561-00329928-00330047 feldman iv
+M2lUkhXNjto-01562-00330048-00330367 uh commissioner k how do you vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-01563-00330368-00330695 how about now
+M2lUkhXNjto-01564-00330696-00331127 how do you vote reluctantly no
+M2lUkhXNjto-01565-00331128-00331358 uh commissioner feldman how do you vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-01566-00331359-00331551 i vote yes
+M2lUkhXNjto-01567-00331552-00331823 and i vote no uh the votes are three nay
+M2lUkhXNjto-01568-00331824-00331927 one yay
+M2lUkhXNjto-01569-00331928-00332343 the amendment is not agreed to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01570-00332344-00332543 at this point are there additional
+M2lUkhXNjto-01571-00332544-00332647 amendments
+M2lUkhXNjto-01572-00332648-00332951 before the commission before we move to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01573-00332952-00333287 the vote on the mid-year mid-year two
+M2lUkhXNjto-01574-00333288-00333534 i have no additional amendments thank
+M2lUkhXNjto-01575-00333535-00333623 you so much
+M2lUkhXNjto-01576-00333624-00333799 having heard no further amendments or
+M2lUkhXNjto-01577-00333800-00334054 motions will now turn to consideration
+M2lUkhXNjto-01578-00334055-00334310 of fiscal year 2021 mid-year two
+M2lUkhXNjto-01579-00334311-00334375 proposal
+M2lUkhXNjto-01580-00334376-00334743 as amended uh after the vote each
+M2lUkhXNjto-01581-00334744-00334847 commissioner will have
+M2lUkhXNjto-01582-00334848-00335206 10 minutes for closing remarks uh but i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01583-00335207-00335375 want to make sure that anybody who wants
+M2lUkhXNjto-01584-00335376-00335591 to be heard briefly before we vote on
+M2lUkhXNjto-01585-00335592-00335710 the mid-year plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-01586-00335711-00336078 is heard
+M2lUkhXNjto-01587-00336079-00336303 having heard no uh further comments i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01588-00336304-00336471 will now call the vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-01589-00336472-00336806 uh to adopt fiscal year 2021 mid-year
+M2lUkhXNjto-01590-00336807-00336878 two plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-01591-00336879-00337087 as amended commissioner k how do you
+M2lUkhXNjto-01592-00337088-00337271 vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-01593-00337272-00337599 i vote yes commissioner bianco how do
+M2lUkhXNjto-01594-00337600-00337687 you vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-01595-00337688-00338023 yes mr feldman how do you vote
+M2lUkhXNjto-01596-00338024-00338382 i vote yes and i vote yes
+M2lUkhXNjto-01597-00338383-00338751 uh the yeas are for the fiscal year 2021
+M2lUkhXNjto-01598-00338752-00339015 mid-year proposal as amended has been
+M2lUkhXNjto-01599-00339016-00339134 approved
+M2lUkhXNjto-01600-00339135-00339439 we will now provide commissioners
+M2lUkhXNjto-01601-00339440-00339734 up to 10 minutes of closing remarks for
+M2lUkhXNjto-01602-00339735-00339847 those who
+M2lUkhXNjto-01603-00339848-00340287 care to make them and
+M2lUkhXNjto-01604-00340288-00340567 i have a very very very brief set of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01605-00340568-00340767 closing remarks first of all i want to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01606-00340768-00340806 thank
+M2lUkhXNjto-01607-00340807-00341199 uh cpsc staff for extraordinary work in
+M2lUkhXNjto-01608-00341200-00341295 developing
+M2lUkhXNjto-01609-00341296-00341471 the two mid-year packages they're
+M2lUkhXNjto-01610-00341472-00341663 thoughtful they're comprehensive
+M2lUkhXNjto-01611-00341664-00341878 they're actually for the most part very
+M2lUkhXNjto-01612-00341879-00342078 easy to read
+M2lUkhXNjto-01613-00342079-00342271 we've got a lot of work to do and we
+M2lUkhXNjto-01614-00342272-00342527 need lots of additional resources to do
+M2lUkhXNjto-01615-00342528-00342582 it
+M2lUkhXNjto-01616-00342583-00342839 i'm truly grateful for the extra funding
+M2lUkhXNjto-01617-00342840-00343015 that we got in the american recovery
+M2lUkhXNjto-01618-00343016-00343175 plan act
+M2lUkhXNjto-01619-00343176-00343343 but i note that's only good for five
+M2lUkhXNjto-01620-00343344-00343487 years and it
+M2lUkhXNjto-01621-00343488-00343695 actually falls short of what we need to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01622-00343696-00343878 do in the long run
+M2lUkhXNjto-01623-00343879-00344110 so i'm extremely hopeful that congress
+M2lUkhXNjto-01624-00344111-00344215 will respond
+M2lUkhXNjto-01625-00344216-00344558 not just with arpa but with substantial
+M2lUkhXNjto-01626-00344559-00344606 increase
+M2lUkhXNjto-01627-00344607-00344895 in funding for the future and i'm
+M2lUkhXNjto-01628-00344896-00345047 probably going to regret using this
+M2lUkhXNjto-01629-00345048-00345206 metaphor
+M2lUkhXNjto-01630-00345207-00345495 cpsc may never get beyond being the runt
+M2lUkhXNjto-01631-00345496-00345567 of the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01632-00345568-00345854 regulatory agency litter but we need to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01633-00345855-00345895 be
+M2lUkhXNjto-01634-00345896-00346175 a bigger more aggressive runt and so i
+M2lUkhXNjto-01635-00346176-00346319 thank everybody again
+M2lUkhXNjto-01636-00346320-00346503 uh commissioner kay do you have any
+M2lUkhXNjto-01637-00346504-00346775 closing remarks
+M2lUkhXNjto-01638-00346776-00347127 i i can't top runt but i will say that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01639-00347128-00347334 i very much appreciate the work by the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01640-00347335-00347463 staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-01641-00347464-00347630 especially like i said the quickens our
+M2lUkhXNjto-01642-00347631-00347830 work on trying to adapt
+M2lUkhXNjto-01643-00347831-00348175 to the bill passing and thanks
+M2lUkhXNjto-01644-00348176-00348439 as well mr chairman for your efforts and
+M2lUkhXNjto-01645-00348440-00348606 your staff's efforts and working with
+M2lUkhXNjto-01646-00348607-00348710 the hill
+M2lUkhXNjto-01647-00348711-00348982 to formulate the 50 million dollar
+M2lUkhXNjto-01648-00348983-00349175 package to make sure that it
+M2lUkhXNjto-01649-00349176-00349463 was going to meet critical needs it for
+M2lUkhXNjto-01650-00349464-00349582 many years
+M2lUkhXNjto-01651-00349583-00349919 was a lonely road traveling
+M2lUkhXNjto-01652-00349920-00350158 with my office and i on trying to both
+M2lUkhXNjto-01653-00350159-00350343 increase our budget substantially
+M2lUkhXNjto-01654-00350344-00350551 and as well as our port presence in
+M2lUkhXNjto-01655-00350552-00350671 particular
+M2lUkhXNjto-01656-00350672-00350823 and so while i don't love the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01657-00350824-00350975 circumstances that led
+M2lUkhXNjto-01658-00350976-00351223 to this increase i'm grateful that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01659-00351224-00351406 congress finally recognized that we do
+M2lUkhXNjto-01660-00351407-00351454 need
+M2lUkhXNjto-01661-00351455-00351710 additional assistance both at the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01662-00351711-00351919 agencies at large but especially at the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01663-00351920-00351975 courts
+M2lUkhXNjto-01664-00351976-00352263 and i'm particularly pleased to hear
+M2lUkhXNjto-01665-00352264-00352399 what sounds like united
+M2lUkhXNjto-01666-00352400-00352703 support both for a substantially
+M2lUkhXNjto-01667-00352704-00352815 increased budget
+M2lUkhXNjto-01668-00352816-00353063 amongst the commissioners as well as a
+M2lUkhXNjto-01669-00353064-00353247 substantially increased port presence so
+M2lUkhXNjto-01670-00353248-00353430 i think both of those developments as
+M2lUkhXNjto-01671-00353431-00353558 they continue
+M2lUkhXNjto-01672-00353559-00353782 to occur are excellent for consumers and
+M2lUkhXNjto-01673-00353783-00353910 their safety
+M2lUkhXNjto-01674-00353911-00354206 and also i really appreciate the the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01675-00354207-00354327 spirit of the dialogue
+M2lUkhXNjto-01676-00354328-00354734 the fact that we can debate civilly
+M2lUkhXNjto-01677-00354735-00354999 interesting topic and work our way
+M2lUkhXNjto-01678-00355000-00355063 through it
+M2lUkhXNjto-01679-00355064-00355215 and then at the end of the day
+M2lUkhXNjto-01680-00355216-00355391 especially on this package reach union
+M2lUkhXNjto-01681-00355392-00355503 anybody so
+M2lUkhXNjto-01682-00355504-00355654 thank you to my fellow commissioners and
+M2lUkhXNjto-01683-00355655-00355854 to your offices for the work
+M2lUkhXNjto-01684-00355855-00356151 and uh that's all i have thank you thank
+M2lUkhXNjto-01685-00356152-00356319 you so much commissioner bianco
+M2lUkhXNjto-01686-00356320-00356591 closing remarks on this rare occasion
+M2lUkhXNjto-01687-00356592-00356791 bob i don't have anything to say
+M2lUkhXNjto-01688-00356792-00357047 that i haven't already said i greatly
+M2lUkhXNjto-01689-00357048-00357295 appreciate it uh thank you so much
+M2lUkhXNjto-01690-00357296-00357527 uh and commissioner feldman any closing
+M2lUkhXNjto-01691-00357528-00357678 remarks that you have
+M2lUkhXNjto-01692-00357679-00357919 i do i also want to reiterate uh my
+M2lUkhXNjto-01693-00357920-00358134 appreciation for staff's work on on on
+M2lUkhXNjto-01694-00358135-00358303 the proposed spending plan for mid-year
+M2lUkhXNjto-01695-00358304-00358382 too
+M2lUkhXNjto-01696-00358383-00358534 i think it's safe to say that we all
+M2lUkhXNjto-01697-00358535-00358751 share the commission's goal of
+M2lUkhXNjto-01698-00358752-00358958 protecting american consumers
+M2lUkhXNjto-01699-00358959-00359182 um it was my hope that the mid-year
+M2lUkhXNjto-01700-00359183-00359310 process would occur
+M2lUkhXNjto-01701-00359311-00359599 holistically and i i remained puzzled as
+M2lUkhXNjto-01702-00359600-00359719 to why it didn't
+M2lUkhXNjto-01703-00359720-00359943 we we we could have done this in one
+M2lUkhXNjto-01704-00359944-00360143 piece but that wasn't the case
+M2lUkhXNjto-01705-00360144-00360367 instead we were asked to approve part
+M2lUkhXNjto-01706-00360368-00360551 one without knowing what was in
+M2lUkhXNjto-01707-00360552-00360799 part two uh but that's all in the past
+M2lUkhXNjto-01708-00360800-00361039 and turning to the mid-year specifics
+M2lUkhXNjto-01709-00361040-00361319 uh i i'm pleased that the package takes
+M2lUkhXNjto-01710-00361320-00361399 steps to address
+M2lUkhXNjto-01711-00361400-00361575 the congressional mandates that were
+M2lUkhXNjto-01712-00361576-00361727 some of the congressional mandates
+M2lUkhXNjto-01713-00361728-00361919 they were included in the uh fy21
+M2lUkhXNjto-01714-00361920-00362095 appropriations bill
+M2lUkhXNjto-01715-00362096-00362327 in particular i commend staff for
+M2lUkhXNjto-01716-00362328-00362534 starting the process on establishing an
+M2lUkhXNjto-01717-00362535-00362671 e-commerce team
+M2lUkhXNjto-01718-00362672-00362910 something that that i've long advocated
+M2lUkhXNjto-01719-00362911-00362991 for
+M2lUkhXNjto-01720-00362992-00363327 um but but make no mistake
+M2lUkhXNjto-01721-00363328-00363519 congress didn't provide this extra
+M2lUkhXNjto-01722-00363520-00363687 funding because it thought we were doing
+M2lUkhXNjto-01723-00363688-00363782 a good job
+M2lUkhXNjto-01724-00363783-00363943 or that it agreed with the decisions
+M2lUkhXNjto-01725-00363944-00364087 that the commission had made
+M2lUkhXNjto-01726-00364088-00364439 throughout the pandemic um again i'm
+M2lUkhXNjto-01727-00364440-00364527 glad that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01728-00364528-00364710 that we were able to get to yes on this
+M2lUkhXNjto-01729-00364711-00364878 bill i think that there's more work that
+M2lUkhXNjto-01730-00364879-00364999 needs to be done
+M2lUkhXNjto-01731-00365000-00365367 including uh uh it when when we return
+M2lUkhXNjto-01732-00365368-00365439 to uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01733-00365440-00365791 to to consider our next operating plan
+M2lUkhXNjto-01734-00365792-00366023 uh but in closing i want to thank staff
+M2lUkhXNjto-01735-00366024-00366134 for their hard work and
+M2lUkhXNjto-01736-00366135-00366375 uh to my fellow commissioners for uh
+M2lUkhXNjto-01737-00366376-00366654 considering my amendment
+M2lUkhXNjto-01738-00366655-00366927 thank you so much uh at this point we
+M2lUkhXNjto-01739-00366928-00366999 want to thank
+M2lUkhXNjto-01740-00367000-00367327 staff uh for their participation
+M2lUkhXNjto-01741-00367328-00367519 thanks steve mcgugan for making sure
+M2lUkhXNjto-01742-00367520-00367639 that the technical
+M2lUkhXNjto-01743-00367640-00367910 uh functioning of the meeting came off
+M2lUkhXNjto-01744-00367911-00368134 smoothly and it seems to have done so
+M2lUkhXNjto-01745-00368135-00368447 so with that i am not going to gavel but
+M2lUkhXNjto-01746-00368448-00368599 i will call this meeting to
+M2lUkhXNjto-01747-00368600-00368903 to a close and we will convene the
+M2lUkhXNjto-01748-00368904-00369223 as a commission in a closed session at
+M2lUkhXNjto-01749-00369224-00369415 two o'clock this afternoon so thank
+M2lUkhXNjto-01750-00369416-00369558 everybody
+M2lUkhXNjto-01751-00369559-00371839 thank you
+M2lUkhXNjto-01752-00371840-00372048 you
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00000-00000006-00000428 the MIT science fiction society or MIT
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00001-00000429-00000707 SF s of the Massachusetts Institute of
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00002-00000708-00000898 Technology is a student organization
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00003-00000899-00001193 which maintains and administers a large
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00004-00001194-00001418 publicly accessible library of science
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00005-00001419-00001673 fiction fantasy and science fantasy
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00006-00001673-00002340 books and magazines
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00007-00002341-00002855 topic history
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00008-00002856-00003200 in 1950 the club was instrumental in
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00009-00003201-00003404 microfilming astounding science fiction
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00010-00003404-00003656 leading to it becoming a recognized
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00011-00003657-00004235 student organization in 1951 in 1961
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00012-00004236-00004514 Anthony R Lewis became librarian and the
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00013-00004515-00004838 library growth began in earnest with the
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00014-00004839-00005168 Stratton Student Center opening in 1965
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00015-00005169-00005411 the Society moved out of the old Walker
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00016-00005412-00005744 Memorial Building to the new building at
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00017-00005745-00005888 about the same time
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00018-00005889-00006104 Erwin Straus compiled a science fiction
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00019-00006105-00006556 index for periodicals from 1951 to 1955
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00020-00006558-00006869 called the MIT science fiction society's
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00021-00006870-00007393 index to the SF magazines 1951 to 1965
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00022-00007394-00007748 MIT rules by the Society from publishing
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00023-00007748-00007991 the book because student organizations
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00024-00007992-00008225 were prohibited from commercial activity
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00025-00008226-00008456 so Strauss published it himself under
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00026-00008457-00009017 the same title in 1965 MIT SF s joined
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00027-00009018-00009292 with the UMass SF s and others including
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00028-00009293-00009563 Hal Clement in forming the Boston
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00029-00009564-00009878 science fiction Society holding the
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00030-00009879-00010313 first boss cone a convention in 1967 any
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00031-00010314-00010567 SFA arose from the ashes of that group
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00032-00010568-00010792 and brought the worldcat a Boston in
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00033-00010793-00011333 1971 in the mid-1970s the MIT library
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00034-00011334-00011570 started partially funding acquisition of
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00035-00011571-00011924 newly published books in 1972 the widow
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00036-00011925-00012202 of respected Golden Age editor John W
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00037-00012203-00012437 Campbell donated her husband's personal
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00038-00012438-00012684 set of astounding science fiction
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00039-00012685-00012956 Campbell had almost finished an MIT
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00040-00012957-00013202 physics degree but transferred to Duke
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00041-00013203-00013424 University to avoid a German language
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00042-00013425-00013679 requirement and then pursued a lifetime
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00043-00013680-00013901 career in writing and editing science
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00044-00013902-00014456 fiction
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00045-00014457-00015003 topic society
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00046-00015004-00015219 guest speakers at meetings of the
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00047-00015219-00015441 society have included Hugo Gernsback
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00048-00015441-00015803 who's 1963 address to the Society has
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00049-00015804-00016094 been published as prophets of doom
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00050-00016094-00016428 Frederik Pohl John W Campbell Isaac
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00051-00016429-00016689 Asimov Pal Clement and Larry Niven and
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00052-00016690-00016955 more recently John Scalzi and Charles
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00053-00016956-00017303 Stross the Society was instrumental in
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00054-00017304-00017480 the first Boskone a science-fiction
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00055-00017481-00017805 convention in any SFA founding and in
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00056-00017806-00018133 the norisse Khan in 1971 among others
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00057-00018134-00018474 the world science fiction society which
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00058-00018475-00018699 sponsors that Hugo awards is still
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00059-00018700-00019094 located in Cambridge some past members
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00060-00019095-00019331 include Dirk Pearson Rick Norwood al
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00061-00019332-00019644 kufan bill sorrel whit Divi Geoffrey a
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00062-00019645-00019949 Landis Owen Strauss and guy Consolmagno
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00063-00019950-00020234 the Society has been mentioned in
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00064-00020235-00020433 Lawrence M Jennifer's the counterfeit
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00065-00020434-00020687 Heinlein a Gerald knave science fiction
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00066-00020688-00020883 adventure science fiction is an
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00067-00020884-00021125 important literary genre to many members
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00068-00021126-00021483 of the MIT community the first computer
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00069-00021484-00021765 game space war was developed at project
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00070-00021766-00022064 Mac by Steve Russell Martin shagged
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00071-00022065-00022394 gratz Wayne we Tannen and other fans of
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00072-00022395-00022619 the lensman series the Society is
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00073-00022620-00022842 informal in its operations but has
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00074-00022843-00023081 developed an elaborate pseudo hierarchy
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00075-00023082-00023478 with officer titles such as Skinner Lord
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00076-00023479-00024000 High embezzler and on sec however actual
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00077-00024001-00024206 theft and vandalism are regarded as
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00078-00024207-00024465 serious crimes and strict security rules
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00079-00024466-00024636 have developed to protect the collection
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00080-00024637-00024900 such as requiring that all backpacks
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00081-00024901-00025158 permanent markers and pens be left at
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00082-00025159-00025347 the library entrance the greatest
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00083-00025348-00025614 ongoing challenge for MIT SF s is
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00084-00025614-00025836 finding sufficient physical space for
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00085-00025837-00025977 its tightly packed and ever-growing
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00086-00025977-00026406 library collection more than 45,000
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00087-00026407-00026718 books are crammed into less than 1,700
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00088-00026719-00027051 square feet 160 square meters of space
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00089-00027052-00027306 and some 16,000 volumes of its
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00090-00027307-00027531 collection must be stored off-site in a
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00091-00027532-00028104 warehouse
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00092-00028105-00028825 topic library the over sixty thousand
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00093-00028826-00029089 volumes constitute the world's largest
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00094-00029089-00029414 open shelf collection of science fiction
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00095-00029416-00029658 although the eaton collection of the
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00096-00029660-00029935 University of California Riverside is
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00097-00029936-00030169 larger that collection is not on open
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00098-00030170-00030547 shelves according to MIT SF s the
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00099-00030548-00030892 library once included over 90% of all
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00100-00030893-00031111 science fiction ever published in
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00101-00031112-00031377 English although a profusion of
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00102-00031379-00031545 self-publishing now may have
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00103-00031547-00031822 outdistanced it the library is freely
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00104-00031823-00032052 available for browsing by the public as
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00105-00032054-00032292 well as for borrowing by members
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00106-00032293-00032581 membership is open to anyone who pays
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00107-00032582-00032788 the modest dues and agrees to abide by
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00108-00032789-00033052 the rules the library is financially
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00109-00033053-00033277 supported by membership dues and by
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00110-00033278-00033523 MIT's Association of Student Activities
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00111-00033524-00033856 funding board the catalog of the library
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00112-00033857-00034063 may be searched online through the pink
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00113-00034064-00034378 decks some of the library's contents
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00114-00034379-00034609 include full runs of astounding science
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00115-00034610-00034813 fiction and other American science
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00116-00034814-00035041 fiction magazines and full or nearly
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00117-00035042-00035269 full runs of the major American fantasy
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00118-00035270-00035641 magazines it has first editions of the
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00119-00035642-00035881 Lord of the Rings editions in French and
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00120-00035882-00036052 German of The Hobbit all of the
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00121-00036053-00036325 paperback versions of the series CDs of
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00122-00036326-00036559 the series copies of all of Tolkien's
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00123-00036560-00036955 related works and so on in fantasy it
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00124-00036956-00037162 has all of the Harry Potter books with
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00125-00037163-00037510 some also in German and Russian the
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00126-00037511-00037723 collection is physically located in
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00127-00037724-00037936 MIT's Julius Adams Stratton Student
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00128-00037937-00038161 Center at 84 Massachusetts Avenue
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00129-00038162-00038638 Cambridge Massachusetts as of 2017 the
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00130-00038639-00038914 library is usually open 7 days a week
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00131-00038915-00039163 though Monday hours may be curtailed or
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00132-00039164-00039376 occasionally dropped and summer hours
+M2ef1M8vcBc-00133-00039377-00039664 may be reduced
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00000-00000048-00000368 - CG as a psychedelic phenethylamine of
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00001-00000369-00000667 the to see family first synthesized by
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00002-00000668-00000886 Alexander Shulgin it is sometimes used
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00003-00000887-00001160 as an entheogen it has structural and
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00004-00001161-00001394 pharmacodynamic properties similar to to
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00005-00001395-00001652 CD in Ganesha like many of the
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00006-00001653-00001871 phenethylamines in Pico phenethylamines
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00007-00001872-00002105 I have known and loved to CG and its
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00008-00002106-00002330 homologs have only been taken by Shulgin
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00009-00002331-00002501 and a small test group making it
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00010-00002502-00002669 difficult to ensure completeness when
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00011-00002670-00003277 describing effects
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00012-00003278-00003794 topic chemistry
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00013-00003795-00004142 to CG is 3/4 dimethyl to five-diamond
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00014-00004143-00004412 oxy phenethylamine with the formula c12
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00015-00004413-00005075 h19 no2
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00016-00005076-00005649 topic dosage and effects
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00017-00005650-00005889 in Sheldon's book pickle the dosage
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00018-00005890-00006182 range is listed as 20 to 35 milligrams
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00019-00006183-00006408 effects are similar to the related
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00020-00006409-00006630 Ganesha and are extremely long-lasting
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00021-00006631-00006972 the duration is 18 to 30 hours visual
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00022-00006973-00007173 effects are muted or absent and it is
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00023-00007173-00007466 described in Pecola Zen insight enhancer
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00024-00007467-00007701 unlike other members of the to see
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00025-00007702-00007959 family to CG as nearly as potent as its
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00026-00007959-00008562 amphetamine cousin
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00027-00008563-00008912 topic homologs
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00028-00008913-00009091 you
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00029-00009092-00009385 several homologs of 2cg were also
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00030-00009386-00009643 synthesized by Shulgin these include two
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00031-00009644-00010180 cg3 2 cg v + 2 cg n some such as to see
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00032-00010181-00010639 g12c g2 to see g4 and to see g6 are
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00033-00010640-00010852 possible to synthesize in principle but
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00034-00010853-00011044 impossible or extraordinarily difficult
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00035-00011045-00011692 to do so in practice
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00036-00011693-00012177 topic law
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00037-00012178-00012453 - CG and all of its homologs are
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00038-00012454-00012630 unscheduled and uncontrolled in the
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00039-00012631-00012843 United States but possession and sales
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00040-00012844-00013116 of - CG and homologs will probably be
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00041-00013116-00013329 prosecuted under the federal analog Act
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00042-00013330-00013512 because of their structural similarities
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00043-00013513-00014083 - to CB
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00044-00014084-00014555 topic Canada
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00045-00014556-00014938 as of October 31st 2016 to CG is a
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00046-00014940-00015166 controlled substance schedule 3 in
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00047-00015168-00015577 Canada HTTP colon slash slash Gazette
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00048-00015578-00016307 GCC a / RP - PR / P 2 / 2016 / 2016 - oh
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00049-00016308-00016700 five - oh four slash HTML / sore - doors
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00050-00016701-00017402 72 - end PHP
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00051-00017403-00017918 topic united kingdom
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00052-00017919-00018224 - CG and all other compounds featuring
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00053-00018225-00018449 in P calar Class A drugs in the United
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00054-00018450-00018989 Kingdom
+M2O4zkUt4rI-00055-00018990-00019967 topic see also phenethylamine Ganesha
+M39y82s3DtE-00000-00000032-00000191 what is your
+M39y82s3DtE-00001-00000192-00000383 i guess your favorite pop tricks and
+M39y82s3DtE-00002-00000384-00000599 what was your whole nemesis or a trick
+M39y82s3DtE-00003-00000600-00000902 that you hated trying to learn
+M39y82s3DtE-00004-00000903-00001070 so i thought i thought i was thinking
+M39y82s3DtE-00005-00001071-00001327 about that question and i i
+M39y82s3DtE-00006-00001328-00001607 i don't have a favorite
+M39y82s3DtE-00007-00001607-00001982 i don't have a favorite trick
+M39y82s3DtE-00008-00001984-00002223 um but i would say something that's so
+M39y82s3DtE-00009-00002224-00002447 basic but i feel like it's one of the
+M39y82s3DtE-00010-00002448-00002663 things that i do all the time and i feel
+M39y82s3DtE-00011-00002664-00002734 like
+M39y82s3DtE-00012-00002735-00003118 a fan kick
+M39y82s3DtE-00013-00003119-00003415 i like you can fan to sit you can stand
+M39y82s3DtE-00014-00003415-00003679 to a split you can be up in the air and
+M39y82s3DtE-00015-00003679-00003903 fan into something but to me you can
+M39y82s3DtE-00016-00003904-00004143 stand in your floor work
+M39y82s3DtE-00017-00004144-00004254 so
+M39y82s3DtE-00018-00004255-00004431 it's not a thrilling trick but i feel
+M39y82s3DtE-00019-00004432-00004806 like it can lead you so many places and
+M39y82s3DtE-00020-00004807-00005063 it's something that you can probably get
+M39y82s3DtE-00021-00005064-00005327 early on and you can make a lot of flair
+M39y82s3DtE-00022-00005328-00005854 with it if you want to
+M39y82s3DtE-00023-00005855-00006064 you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00000-00000030-00001623 [Music]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00001-00001623-00001902 the heat
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00002-00001903-00002167 where's the [__] heat
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00003-00002168-00002567 there it is
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00004-00002568-00002883 come on come on
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00005-00002884-00003150 power we go all right
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00006-00003151-00003575 hot water is on too
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00007-00003576-00003719 we have power
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00008-00003720-00004127 dog hot diggity dog
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00009-00004128-00004286 a ouija board
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00010-00004287-00004431 shall we find out what room is his
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00011-00004432-00004575 favorite room
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00012-00004576-00004695 that's right
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00013-00004696-00005095 what's your favorite room
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00014-00005096-00005222 g
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00015-00005223-00005351 a
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00016-00005352-00005479 r
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00017-00005480-00005583 a
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00018-00005584-00006231 garage
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00019-00006232-00006503 where are you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00020-00006504-00006687 where are you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00021-00006688-00007110 how old are you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00022-00007111-00007478 45 degrees in here so far
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00023-00007479-00007606 good that's what you get for shutting
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00024-00007608-00007806 that door what happened
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00025-00007808-00007974 what happened i just heard what it
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00026-00007975-00008374 breathed
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00027-00008375-00008607 well at least it didn't baby cry or make
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00028-00008608-00008942 weird noises like oh how are you doing
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00029-00008943-00009135 you just made a like a
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00030-00009136-00009295 noise
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00031-00009296-00009478 all right
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00032-00009479-00009663 i'm gonna go i'm going upstairs i'm
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00033-00009664-00011078 gonna grab the
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00034-00011079-00011327 yeah we've done this one
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00035-00011328-00011638 you and i have
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00036-00011639-00011742 rush
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00037-00011743-00011887 okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00038-00011888-00012070 i'll just shut the door on me
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00039-00012071-00012902 dad get down here with that emf
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00040-00012903-00013038 where are you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00041-00013039-00013303 59 degrees in here it's not that cold
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00042-00013304-00013743 where are you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00043-00013744-00014022 someone else take it i'll try here
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00044-00014023-00014327 right there talk no it didn't
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00045-00014328-00014583 are you here
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00046-00014584-00014879 what do you do for fun
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00047-00014880-00015030 what kind of underwear do you want to
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00048-00015031-00015255 make it more active
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00049-00015256-00015615 okay it's here
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00050-00015616-00015847 what do you do for fun okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00051-00015847-00016086 what do you do for fun
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00052-00016087-00016207 oh
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00053-00016208-00016558 okay heartbeat where are you see it
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00054-00016559-00016807 what kind of underwear do you wear
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00055-00016808-00017111 what color underwear
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00056-00017112-00017358 i wrote the book
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00057-00017359-00017575 run the book yeah
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00058-00017576-00017694 okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00059-00017695-00017950 you give us a sign
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00060-00017951-00018158 let's put down the active symbol okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00061-00018159-00018335 i'm just gonna drop that okay run the
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00062-00018336-00018527 book
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00063-00018528-00018967 ghost writing bam
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00064-00018968-00019086 where are you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00065-00019087-00019239 four there you go
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00066-00019240-00019383 how old are you five that's not four
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00067-00019384-00019703 it's five got a five
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00068-00019704-00019886 where are you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00069-00019887-00020063 i think i'm
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00070-00020064-00020311 right in here okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00071-00020312-00020527 where are you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00072-00020528-00020807 are you here oh that's a lot of activity
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00073-00020808-00021014 what kind of panties do you wear
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00074-00021015-00021175 nothing now okay let's try it now how
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00075-00021176-00021478 old are you where are you are you child
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00076-00021479-00021599 are you here
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00077-00021600-00022150 where are you i'm getting beeps and [__]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00078-00022151-00022391 sucky sucky sucky sucky
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00079-00022392-00022567 he's right here
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00080-00022568-00022775 right here show me your
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00081-00022776-00022943 nipples
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00082-00022944-00023463 nope it's not doing nothing
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00083-00023464-00023599 i don't think it's going to be a talkie
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00084-00023600-00023686 ghost
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00085-00023687-00023878 go check for the look for the
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00086-00023879-00024158 laser goes oh it's a haze it's haze
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00087-00024159-00024311 i don't know where i'm at how do i get
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00088-00024312-00024591 out reese
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00089-00024592-00024783 i don't worry i'm
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00090-00024784-00024942 in the lobby
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00091-00024943-00025222 hello okay show me the way out
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00092-00025223-00025375 thank you let's go
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00093-00025376-00025750 all right we know what it is now haze
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00094-00025751-00025902 there's items in the house that i left
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00095-00025904-00026031 them before
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00096-00026032-00026279 okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00097-00026280-00027231 it's a kaiju
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00098-00027232-00027390 uh three candles and one skull that's
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00099-00027391-00027487 what we're gonna need what's the
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00100-00027488-00027687 evidence again
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00101-00027688-00027999 uh haze let me look
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00102-00028000-00028327 hayes emf 5 and ghost right yeah
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00103-00028327-00029070 and goes for okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00104-00029072-00029262 all right reese i think i got the stuff
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00105-00029263-00029479 we need
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00106-00029480-00030711 what
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00107-00030712-00031158 oh he disappeared right in front of dad
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00108-00031160-00031431 [Laughter]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00109-00031432-00031639 all right put it down reese
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00110-00031639-00032879 oh i gotta make sure it's right one
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00111-00032880-00033190 how about we have dad do it this time
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00112-00033191-00033431 that's good will you do that
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00113-00033432-00033807 do the exorcism
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00114-00033808-00034231 upstairs
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00115-00034232-00034607 is that you okay come with me
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00116-00034608-00034839 okay pick up this book here right now
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00117-00034840-00035095 creeping around like that okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00118-00035096-00035487 good job rhys what was it
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00119-00035488-00035687 okay what's the name of the ghost olivia
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00120-00035688-00036311 something
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00121-00036312-00036511 olivia jones okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00122-00036512-00036687 dad step in the middle of this little
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00123-00036688-00036830 circle on the ground
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00124-00036831-00037151 and then open the book upstairs
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00125-00037152-00037390 okay and do what step in the middle of
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00126-00037391-00037551 the circle on the ground and open oh
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00127-00037552-00037702 okay well that's that's
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00128-00037703-00037883 where she at
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00129-00037884-00038207 sure got a picture hey look at boobs too
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00130-00038208-00038430 are you good nine ninety
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00131-00038431-00038711 nine how old are you oh my gosh nine
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00132-00038712-00038871 hundred
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00133-00038872-00039079 how old are you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00134-00039080-00040311 are you child are you child
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00135-00040312-00040487 how did a portal open
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00136-00040488-00040607 closed
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00137-00040608-00040711 closed
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00138-00040712-00041186 captioning not available
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00139-00041187-00042735 [Music]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00140-00042736-00042862 are you good
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00141-00042863-00043111 who are you smart how old are you who
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00142-00043112-00043199 are you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00143-00043200-00043311 what's your name
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00144-00043312-00043511 say [__] you e
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00145-00043512-00043646 r
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00146-00043647-00043839 upper hallway
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00147-00043840-00043983 say [__] you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00148-00043984-00044111 where are you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00149-00044112-00044271 crouch next to it dad and look at it
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00150-00044272-00044455 there you go oh he's good okay do it
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00151-00044456-00044823 again
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00152-00044824-00045390 do it again where are you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00153-00045391-00046102 keep asking at that
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00154-00046103-00046343 okay we're like 32 all together what
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00155-00046344-00047527 what do we need to be at reese
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00156-00047528-00047774 was it hunting
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00157-00047775-00047974 oh it was hunting it was totally hunting
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00158-00047975-00048095 who died
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00159-00048096-00048471 oh god they got ashley
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00160-00048472-00048567 oh
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00161-00048568-00048974 well that sucks
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00162-00048975-00049318 all right all right
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00163-00049319-00049527 close
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00164-00049528-00049764 where's it at where's it at reese
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00165-00049765-00050086 [Music]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00166-00050087-00050383 close close close okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00167-00050384-00050799 where's the book dad pull the book out
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00168-00050800-00051071 start reading i'm scared
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00169-00051072-00051375 oh [__] me goodbye guys
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00170-00051376-00052150 grace
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00171-00052151-00052815 [Music]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00172-00052816-00053135 you're not supposed to talk to it
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00173-00053136-00053294 okay okay we gotta get the book find the
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00174-00053295-00053550 boat do the thing
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00175-00053551-00053991 olivia jones
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00176-00053991-00054119 put stuff on like the candles the
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00177-00054120-00054375 candles okay okay i don't know okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00178-00054376-00054542 hurry okay okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00179-00054544-00054815 trouble in fear
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00180-00054816-00057423 something
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00181-00057424-00057694 nope not today [__] okay come on i used
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00182-00057695-00057838 inset i used instant we'll go pick up
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00183-00057839-00057999 more pick up more instead [__] reese
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00184-00058000-00058182 don't leave me
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00185-00058183-00058438 reese we've already lost two friends
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00186-00058439-00058735 to fix i know i used to stop i'll grab
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00187-00058736-00058911 i'll grab the crucifix
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00188-00058912-00059166 as to another crucifix
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00189-00059167-00059326 we gotta do this we gotta do this in the
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00190-00059327-00059484 name of the fallen
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00191-00059485-00059607 [Music]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00192-00059608-00059799 let's go
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00193-00059800-00060007 that was cracking me up instant okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00194-00060008-00060142 hold on i'll grab some more incense i'll
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00195-00060144-00060311 grab some more incense hold on
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00196-00060312-00060487 i got it okay because this thing
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00197-00060488-00060630 it'll it pulls the crucifix out of your
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00198-00060632-00060838 hand it does
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00199-00060839-00061071 yes that's how it actually died i didn't
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00200-00061072-00061311 know that i'll just portal close
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00201-00061312-00061575 close close okay [__] it that's why
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00202-00061576-00061687 that's why
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00203-00061688-00061926 stun it first and then crucifix okay i
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00204-00061927-00062111 didn't know it did that
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00205-00062112-00062271 so when it hunts again i'll do the same
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00206-00062272-00062447 i'll crucify i'll start the crucifix it
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00207-00062448-00062742 opens the door okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00208-00062744-00063254 i mean call the name of christ
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00209-00063255-00063430 she wrote i hate you on the wall oh she
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00210-00063432-00063559 did
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00211-00063560-00063791 yep oh [__] though i got a camera go
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00212-00063791-00064303 ahead continue which hell trembles
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00213-00064304-00064566 portals okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00214-00064567-00064735 just one i think
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00215-00064736-00064950 yeah just one
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00216-00064951-00065071 where's it at
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00217-00065072-00065238 okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00218-00065239-00065735 thank you close close close close close
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00219-00065736-00066694 close close
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00220-00066695-00066999 smells like a penis [__] [__]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00221-00067000-00067126 stunned
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00222-00067127-00067343 no i crucifixed her
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00223-00067344-00067559 okay i lost my incent
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00224-00067560-00067719 i got another one i'll i'll drop it for
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00225-00067720-00067919 you
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00226-00067920-00068135 just switch it uh you'll use it next
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00227-00068136-00068294 i don't know how to put go on olivia
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00228-00068295-00068447 jones
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00229-00068448-00069631 you just click it like normal okay
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00230-00069632-00070082 get out you demon seat
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00231-00070083-00070487 [__] get out you demon oh jesus [__]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00232-00070488-00072655 [__] [__]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00233-00072656-00075087 i think we're good
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00234-00075088-00075519 get out you give a seat
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00235-00075520-00075711 get out you deep back up back up you're
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00236-00075712-00075926 not on it
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00237-00075927-00076206 get out you demon seed
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00238-00076207-00076447 get out you demon seat
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00239-00076448-00076806 get out you demon seat [__]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00240-00076807-00077287 why is he working get out you demon seat
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00241-00077288-00077719 drop it try it again good
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00242-00077720-00078006 get out you demon seat
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00243-00078007-00078175 you know what you give me okay [__]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00244-00078176-00078503 finally okay do the thing
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00245-00078504-00078687 okay do it continue jesus that was
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00246-00078688-00078919 ridiculous in order to smash the enemies
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00247-00078920-00079862 of the church
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00248-00079863-00080159 we pray you hear to us
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00249-00080160-00080262 we
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00250-00080263-00080743 get out of the ghost of all impurity
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00251-00080744-00081159 get out of the ghost of all impurity
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00252-00081160-00081279 yes
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00253-00081280-00081471 yes yes
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00254-00081472-00081703 i hate you too [__]
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00255-00081704-00082023 you killed our friends
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00256-00082024-00082215 you slaughtered them like they were
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00257-00082216-00082343 sheep
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00258-00082344-00082494 like sheep
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00259-00082495-00082655 like fish
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00260-00082656-00082926 i just i let's just take a second to
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00261-00082927-00083247 think about how dad died
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00262-00083248-00083791 close close close
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00263-00083792-00084082 close you demons
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00264-00084083-00084547 oh oh that was beautiful
+M6XdRp6X9TY-00265-00084548-00085421 [Music]
+M7erLNVb1lE-00000-00000071-00000092 [Music]
+M7erLNVb1lE-00001-00000093-00000098 [Applause]
+M7erLNVb1lE-00002-00000099-00000911 [Music]
+M7erLNVb1lE-00003-00000913-00000933 [Music]
+M7erLNVb1lE-00004-00000934-00001044 [Applause]
+M7erLNVb1lE-00005-00001045-00001495 [Music]
+M7erLNVb1lE-00006-00001496-00001596 love oh
+M8rWv3IndvM-00000-00000000-00000193 okay let's talk about setting goals when
+M8rWv3IndvM-00001-00000194-00000437 I first met her I'll show not long after
+M8rWv3IndvM-00002-00000438-00000688 we had met each other he asked me mr.
+M8rWv3IndvM-00003-00000689-00000899 own maybe here's one of the best ways I
+M8rWv3IndvM-00004-00000900-00001075 can help you he said let me see your
+M8rWv3IndvM-00005-00001076-00001274 current list of goals and let's go over
+M8rWv3IndvM-00006-00001275-00001493 him and talk about him he said I've got
+M8rWv3IndvM-00007-00001494-00001871 the experience and he said let's do it
+M8rWv3IndvM-00008-00001872-00002570 and I said to him I don't have a list he
+M8rWv3IndvM-00009-00002571-00002882 said wow you don't have a list of your
+M8rWv3IndvM-00010-00002883-00003166 goals I said no he said well if you
+M8rWv3IndvM-00011-00003167-00003326 don't have a list of your goals he said
+M8rWv3IndvM-00012-00003327-00003500 I can guess your bank balance within a
+M8rWv3IndvM-00013-00003501-00004028 few hundred dollars which he did and I
+M8rWv3IndvM-00014-00004029-00004418 thought isn't that something then I said
+M8rWv3IndvM-00015-00004419-00004647 to him you mean if I had a list of goals
+M8rWv3IndvM-00016-00004648-00004901 it would change my bank balance
+M8rWv3IndvM-00017-00004902-00005309 he said drastically so that got my
+M8rWv3IndvM-00018-00005310-00005525 attention and all those years ago I
+M8rWv3IndvM-00019-00005526-00005777 learned how to set goals and so we want
+M8rWv3IndvM-00020-00005778-00005933 to talk about that today and we're just
+M8rWv3IndvM-00021-00005934-00006095 gonna get started before lunch and we're
+M8rWv3IndvM-00022-00006096-00006350 gonna finish after lunch when we come
+M8rWv3IndvM-00023-00006351-00006571 back but now let's make these notes now
+M8rWv3IndvM-00024-00006572-00006814 on setting goals the promise of the
+M8rWv3IndvM-00025-00006815-00007589 future is an awesome force we look back
+M8rWv3IndvM-00026-00007590-00007712 for experience but we have to look
+M8rWv3IndvM-00027-00007713-00007942 forward now for inspiration and what
+M8rWv3IndvM-00028-00007943-00008123 gives us inspiration to get up in the
+M8rWv3IndvM-00029-00008123-00008321 morning and do our job learn skills
+M8rWv3IndvM-00030-00008322-00008606 develop all that we can possibly be is
+M8rWv3IndvM-00031-00008607-00008953 the promise of the future and it can be
+M8rWv3IndvM-00032-00008954-00009299 so powerful that it can overwhelm any
+M8rWv3IndvM-00033-00009300-00009473 adversary you might have any
+M8rWv3IndvM-00034-00009474-00009866 difficulties you might have here's a key
+M8rWv3IndvM-00035-00009867-00010130 phrase reasons make the difference in
+M8rWv3IndvM-00036-00010131-00010520 how your life works out reasons make the
+M8rWv3IndvM-00037-00010521-00010771 difference in your appetite and zest for
+M8rWv3IndvM-00038-00010772-00010976 taking on the challenge doing the job
+M8rWv3IndvM-00039-00010977-00011528 becoming successful mister chef said if
+M8rWv3IndvM-00040-00011529-00011855 you have enough reasons you can do the
+M8rWv3IndvM-00041-00011856-00012142 most incredible things you can get
+M8rWv3IndvM-00042-00012143-00012499 through the most difficult day you can
+M8rWv3IndvM-00043-00012500-00012688 overcome the most unbelievable
+M8rWv3IndvM-00044-00012689-00012824 challenges if you have enough reasons
+M8rWv3IndvM-00045-00012825-00013157 and so he said to me if you haven't got
+M8rWv3IndvM-00046-00013158-00013302 a list of your goals mr. Owen
+M8rWv3IndvM-00047-00013303-00013452 probably because you don't have enough
+M8rWv3IndvM-00048-00013453-00013772 reasons he said I'm sure since I've met
+M8rWv3IndvM-00049-00013774-00014019 you you have enough intelligence and he
+M8rWv3IndvM-00050-00014019-00014259 said you have enough good health and he
+M8rWv3IndvM-00051-00014260-00014535 said you have you know all of those
+M8rWv3IndvM-00052-00014536-00014685 things working for you but here's what
+M8rWv3IndvM-00053-00014686-00014928 you must work on now is to have enough
+M8rWv3IndvM-00054-00014929-00015138 reasons looking into the future
+M8rWv3IndvM-00055-00015138-00015591 developing reasons okay so now make
+M8rWv3IndvM-00056-00015591-00015849 these notes we're primarily affected by
+M8rWv3IndvM-00057-00015850-00016233 five things number one is the
+M8rWv3IndvM-00058-00016234-00016530 environment the political environment
+M8rWv3IndvM-00059-00016531-00016728 the social environment the physical
+M8rWv3IndvM-00060-00016729-00017069 environment whatever surrounds us
+M8rWv3IndvM-00061-00017070-00017439 affects us the city the country the
+M8rWv3IndvM-00062-00017440-00018018 countryside the village the office the
+M8rWv3IndvM-00063-00018019-00018417 people we're constantly affected and
+M8rWv3IndvM-00064-00018418-00018786 shaped by our reaction and decision
+M8rWv3IndvM-00065-00018787-00018954 making a lot of it depends on the
+M8rWv3IndvM-00066-00018955-00019215 environment and for the physical
+M8rWv3IndvM-00067-00019216-00019416 environment we all need to pay attention
+M8rWv3IndvM-00068-00019417-00019778 to that make every contribution you can
+M8rWv3IndvM-00069-00019779-00020150 it's one little small planet remember
+M8rWv3IndvM-00070-00020151-00020297 those first pictures from space
+M8rWv3IndvM-00071-00020298-00020594 looking back on Earth it looks so
+M8rWv3IndvM-00072-00020595-00020996 fragile it looks so small we thought wow
+M8rWv3IndvM-00073-00020997-00021363 so many people live there how can that
+M8rWv3IndvM-00074-00021364-00021756 be we must take care of it it's right
+M8rWv3IndvM-00075-00021757-00022140 now it's the only planet we got do
+M8rWv3IndvM-00076-00022141-00022350 everything we can my mama taught me
+M8rWv3IndvM-00077-00022351-00022509 those little things right pick up
+M8rWv3IndvM-00078-00022510-00022828 don't leave your trash you know if you a
+M8rWv3IndvM-00079-00022829-00023103 little thing like I remember I got a
+M8rWv3IndvM-00080-00023104-00023388 toothpick once at the cafe and I took
+M8rWv3IndvM-00081-00023389-00023565 the little cellophane off the toothpick
+M8rWv3IndvM-00082-00023566-00023811 and I just dropped it on the floor mama
+M8rWv3IndvM-00083-00023812-00024063 said no no you wouldn't do that at home
+M8rWv3IndvM-00084-00024064-00024425 I thought wow she said just put it in
+M8rWv3IndvM-00085-00024426-00024681 your pocket and then when you get home
+M8rWv3IndvM-00086-00024682-00024963 he put it in the trash and somebody says
+M8rWv3IndvM-00087-00024964-00025094 well what the difference does that make
+M8rWv3IndvM-00088-00025095-00025259 you know the little cellophane on the
+M8rWv3IndvM-00089-00025260-00025455 toothpick here's what makes the
+M8rWv3IndvM-00090-00025456-00025827 difference the habit and the habit makes
+M8rWv3IndvM-00091-00025827-00026045 the difference primarily for you now yes
+M8rWv3IndvM-00092-00026047-00026199 it makes a contribution and a little
+M8rWv3IndvM-00093-00026200-00026352 small contribution by not leave
+M8rWv3IndvM-00094-00026352-00026606 trash but here's what it does mostly
+M8rWv3IndvM-00095-00026607-00026933 give you the incredible feeling of
+M8rWv3IndvM-00096-00026935-00027272 self-worth because you have good habits
+M8rWv3IndvM-00097-00027273-00027755 that's the deal
+M8rWv3IndvM-00098-00027756-00027983 the habit of turning out the lights when
+M8rWv3IndvM-00099-00027985-00028295 you're finished with your hotel room you
+M8rWv3IndvM-00100-00028297-00028487 leave the hotel room turn out the lights
+M8rWv3IndvM-00101-00028488-00028737 it just makes a small contribution but
+M8rWv3IndvM-00102-00028738-00028977 what if everybody did it I'm telling it
+M8rWv3IndvM-00103-00028977-00029198 the energy requirements would be less
+M8rWv3IndvM-00104-00029199-00029445 you say well the hotel gets the benefit
+M8rWv3IndvM-00105-00029445-00029661 and it doesn't matter to you who gets
+M8rWv3IndvM-00106-00029662-00029898 the benefit guess what's the greatest
+M8rWv3IndvM-00107-00029899-00030201 benefit being a person of unique habits
+M8rWv3IndvM-00108-00030202-00030606 habits that not only right make you
+M8rWv3IndvM-00109-00030607-00030792 perform as as far as skills are
+M8rWv3IndvM-00110-00030793-00031040 concerned but habits that make you feel
+M8rWv3IndvM-00111-00031041-00031496 good about yourself and then sometimes
+M8rWv3IndvM-00112-00031497-00031644 we get the question why do it
+M8rWv3IndvM-00113-00031645-00031836 and I got the best answer to that why
+M8rWv3IndvM-00114-00031837-00032246 not do it if it's so easy to do why not
+M8rWv3IndvM-00115-00032247-00032570 do all the easy things that make a
+M8rWv3IndvM-00116-00032572-00032814 contribution and who knows what the
+M8rWv3IndvM-00117-00032815-00032985 total contribution could be if we all
+M8rWv3IndvM-00118-00032986-00033345 did it but even if everybody doesn't if
+M8rWv3IndvM-00119-00033346-00033702 you do it and if I do it it just makes
+M8rWv3IndvM-00120-00033703-00033969 us better human beings it makes us feel
+M8rWv3IndvM-00121-00033970-00034239 better about ourselves and if I know you
+M8rWv3IndvM-00122-00034240-00034479 do it it makes me feel better about you
+M8rWv3IndvM-00123-00034480-00034785 and if you know I do it I think it makes
+M8rWv3IndvM-00124-00034786-00035064 you feel better about me saying wow this
+M8rWv3IndvM-00125-00035065-00035283 man was taught some good things when he
+M8rWv3IndvM-00126-00035284-00035532 was growing up
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00000-00000096-00000311 hi everyone it's
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00001-00000312-00000686 fenola howard and this is ask for no how
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00002-00000687-00001039 and this is episode 11. i can't believe
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00003-00001040-00001231 it it's episode 11.
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00004-00001232-00001582 and episode 11 is ask the question and
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00005-00001583-00001863 i'm asked this question of how do i make
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00006-00001864-00002102 my planning actually deliver
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00007-00002103-00002318 planning for entrepreneurs is often
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00008-00002319-00002550 quite a challenging space to be in
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00009-00002551-00002831 because
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00010-00002832-00003039 people need to plan and the reason
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00011-00003040-00003343 people hate to plan is so often
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00012-00003344-00003567 those plans don't actually deliver so
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00013-00003568-00003751 what i kind of want to focus on today
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00014-00003752-00003951 for you in response to some of the
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00015-00003952-00004167 things that i hear all the time from
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00016-00004168-00004383 entrepreneurs is how do i make my
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00017-00004384-00004622 planning actually deliver
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00018-00004623-00004767 and the biggest thing that i will say to
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00019-00004768-00004895 you is
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00020-00004896-00005127 you can make your planning deliver
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00021-00005128-00005359 because you can simplify it and i want
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00022-00005360-00005591 to show you how to simplify today
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00023-00005592-00005838 so a couple of things to understand
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00024-00005839-00006006 the frustration around entrepreneurs
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00025-00006007-00006118 okay that i want to share with you
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00026-00006119-00006311 because i want you to know that you're
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00027-00006312-00006559 not alone in this that you are not the
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00028-00006559-00006878 only one whose plans don't work okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00029-00006879-00007110 i want you to know that you know you
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00030-00007111-00007334 spend all this time you do out your
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00031-00007336-00007574 sales forecasts you figure out all the
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00032-00007575-00007759 things that need to be done you get
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00033-00007759-00008039 really really excited about it you know
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00034-00008040-00008255 that this is possible you start to see
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00035-00008256-00008495 your mission actually come through
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00036-00008496-00008727 you can see your purpose being here and
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00037-00008728-00008942 you're making a difference and i know
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00038-00008943-00009103 that all of my clients want to make a
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00039-00009104-00009223 difference in the world that's why
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00040-00009224-00009446 they're so wonderful okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00041-00009447-00009671 and then it becomes really deflating
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00042-00009672-00009839 when everything that you spent your time
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00043-00009840-00010167 on didn't actually work okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00044-00010168-00010271 and that
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00045-00010272-00010599 breeds this hesitation around planning
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00046-00010600-00010806 but planning is a really important tool
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00047-00010807-00011046 for you for success it makes the
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00048-00011047-00011255 difference and it gets you from here to
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00049-00011256-00011487 there because you start to really see it
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00050-00011488-00011623 you know what things you need to put in
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00051-00011624-00011895 place to make that happen okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00052-00011896-00012263 so i want you to hold your nerve okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00053-00012264-00012519 i want you to kind of center yourself
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00054-00012520-00012655 and know that there's a better way to
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00055-00012656-00012742 plan
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00056-00012743-00012894 know there's a better way to get you
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00057-00012895-00013111 from here to there three simple things
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00058-00013112-00013286 for you today and i'm actually going to
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00059-00013287-00013471 make it really short today
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00060-00013472-00013783 and the three simple things are this one
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00061-00013784-00013966 the first thing is to know
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00062-00013968-00014263 that there is no failure here and if you
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00063-00014263-00014486 plan with the attention and you deliver
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00064-00014487-00014655 with the intention
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00065-00014656-00014838 that there is no failure there is only
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00066-00014840-00015086 learning so what if something didn't
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00067-00015087-00015263 deliver the results you wanted it has
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00068-00015263-00015479 happened to me it has happened to me
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00069-00015480-00015743 more than once but i know
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00070-00015744-00015991 it was a learning point that i could get
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00071-00015991-00016255 something from that i would yield a
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00072-00016256-00016463 greater insight that would help me do
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00073-00016464-00016743 better next time and jump me to the next
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00074-00016744-00016847 stage
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00075-00016848-00017039 and sometime in the future i might share
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00076-00017040-00017263 some of those lovely big mistakes it
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00077-00017264-00017511 might even be a really good reel
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00078-00017512-00017694 for instagram
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00079-00017695-00017894 so first remember
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00080-00017895-00018030 that it's okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00081-00018031-00018158 to learn
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00082-00018159-00018367 there's no failure only learning you
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00083-00018368-00018591 watch the insights you learn from them
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00084-00018592-00018775 you apply them next time
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00085-00018776-00018975 don't allow it
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00086-00018976-00019271 to slap you down or put you off course
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00087-00019272-00019567 it's simply a learning point
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00088-00019568-00019799 the second thing i want to say to you
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00089-00019800-00019991 and this lies at the heart of all the
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00090-00019992-00020167 planning we do and how great marketing
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00091-00020168-00020367 works and its forms part of the guest
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00092-00020368-00020527 strategic program
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00093-00020528-00020767 and it's this idea of focusing on what
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00094-00020768-00021007 matters most okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00095-00021008-00021383 and focusing on things that can act as
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00096-00021384-00021583 levers in your business
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00097-00021584-00021807 now i'm using the term lever very
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00098-00021808-00021967 specifically
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00099-00021968-00022078 i
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00100-00022079-00022311 rename the word milestone into something
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00101-00022312-00022483 called a lever because
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00102-00022484-00022743 milestones you know what often happens
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00103-00022744-00022830 that
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00104-00022831-00023111 we get uh overwhelmed by language that's
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00105-00023112-00023350 overused and milestones are one of those
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00106-00023351-00023535 words that are often very overused and
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00107-00023536-00023742 what i want you to really anchor here is
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00108-00023743-00023903 a milestone is something that makes a
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00109-00023904-00024167 significant difference to your business
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00110-00024168-00024471 that pushes you to the next stage that
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00111-00024472-00024711 acts as a lever
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00112-00024712-00024958 to the next stage of your growth
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00113-00024959-00025222 so if we know that we have leavers in
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00114-00025223-00025455 the business things that push us to the
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00115-00025456-00025606 next stage
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00116-00025607-00025911 then that's what we focus on most of all
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00117-00025912-00026231 we decide that once per quarter
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00118-00026232-00026383 because we're not going to overwhelm
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00119-00026383-00026623 ourselves we are going to choose one
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00120-00026624-00026887 lever that will push our growth to the
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00121-00026888-00027055 next stage
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00122-00027056-00027223 so
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00123-00027224-00027446 in your planning as you start to plan
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00124-00027447-00027711 the next 12 months ahead of you
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00125-00027712-00027927 choose one lever
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00126-00027927-00028111 something that will make a significant
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00127-00028112-00028327 difference in your business
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00128-00028327-00028614 one lever for your growth in each
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00129-00028616-00028895 quarter that means at the end of each
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00130-00028895-00029135 year whether it's calendar or any other
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00131-00029136-00029302 time you could start now it doesn't have
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00132-00029304-00029502 to start on january 1.
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00133-00029504-00029751 in each quarter
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00134-00029752-00029935 choose the thing
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00135-00029936-00030127 that will make a difference in your
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00136-00030127-00030374 business and push you to the next level
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00137-00030375-00030670 choose a lever don't choose operational
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00138-00030672-00030902 choose a lever what will get you there
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00139-00030903-00031095 to the next stage that means you have
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00140-00031095-00031383 four at the end of the year okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00141-00031383-00031527 and then when you break it down by
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00142-00031527-00031751 quarter because i also like to plan by
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00143-00031752-00031855 quarter
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00144-00031856-00032127 in each month make sure you are guided
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00145-00032127-00032414 by that lever just focus on that one
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00146-00032416-00032502 thing
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00147-00032503-00032695 so often with entrepreneurs there's so
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00148-00032695-00032895 much to be done it's very hard to
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00149-00032896-00033255 prioritize here is your prioritization
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00150-00033256-00033574 one lever per quarter and in each month
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00151-00033575-00033846 do one two or three things
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00152-00033847-00034167 that help you get that lever realized
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00153-00034168-00034446 that help you push to the next stage
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00154-00034447-00034671 it allows you space it doesn't overwhelm
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00155-00034672-00034879 you there's not too much to deliver at
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00156-00034880-00035174 any one point but it must be significant
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00157-00035175-00035399 the lever must make a significant
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00158-00035400-00035655 difference okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00159-00035656-00035862 point number three
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00160-00035863-00036111 i'm reading a great book at the moment
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00161-00036112-00036246 and it's called and i want to give you
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00162-00036247-00036399 the correct title
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00163-00036400-00036790 the lazy genius way by kendra adachi and
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00164-00036791-00037007 the tagline underneath it is which i
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00165-00037008-00037087 love
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00166-00037088-00037262 embrace what matters which is what we've
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00167-00037263-00037430 just been talking about
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00168-00037431-00037607 embrace what matters
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00169-00037608-00037935 ditch what doesn't and get stuff done
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00170-00037936-00038111 wonderful insight in this book and i do
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00171-00038112-00038390 recommend you get this book is decide
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00172-00038391-00038543 once
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00173-00038544-00038774 so
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00174-00038775-00039007 if we have so many decisions to make if
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00175-00039008-00039167 it's really difficult to make all these
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00176-00039168-00039407 decisions because we're overwhelmed then
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00177-00039408-00039687 we simplify life a little simplify the
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00178-00039688-00039902 decision making process
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00179-00039903-00040095 simplify your planning
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00180-00040096-00040543 so if you've already chosen decide once
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00181-00040544-00040830 what you're going to do in each quarter
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00182-00040831-00041127 what's your lever for growth decide once
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00183-00041128-00041423 so you know you have focus on one thing
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00184-00041424-00041574 per quarter
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00185-00041575-00041879 in everything you do allow this idea
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00186-00041880-00042127 this mindset to come into your
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00187-00042128-00042262 being
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00188-00042263-00042423 to decide once
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00189-00042424-00042711 so with every opportunity when you have
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00190-00042712-00042999 a video to shoot when you have to you
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00191-00043000-00043239 know you're hesitating about doing live
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00192-00043240-00043662 video decide to do it decide once decide
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00193-00043663-00043751 once
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00194-00043752-00043974 it will make the difference and it will
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00195-00043975-00044127 change
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00196-00044128-00044311 how your planning works because it will
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00197-00044312-00044495 make it deliver okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00198-00044496-00044671 so three really simple things for you
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00199-00044672-00044918 today and this i promise you will make a
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00200-00044919-00045095 difference to your planning it will make
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00201-00045096-00045343 your planning deliver number one no
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00202-00045344-00045511 failure only learning
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00203-00045512-00045639 number two
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00204-00045640-00045887 choose a lever for every quarter means
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00205-00045888-00046071 you're not overwhelmed you're choosing
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00206-00046072-00046302 things that make a substantial leap in
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00207-00046303-00046558 your business we call it a lever number
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00208-00046559-00046790 three decide once
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00209-00046791-00047174 practice the art of deciding once okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00210-00047175-00047367 am i closing thoughts for you i like to
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00211-00047368-00047486 do this
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00212-00047487-00047671 soon you will see your planning deliver
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00213-00047672-00047871 if you do these three tips okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00214-00047872-00048079 you will forgive yourself when things
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00215-00048080-00048271 don't work and use it as a learning
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00216-00048272-00048567 point really important forgive yourself
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00217-00048568-00048655 okay
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00218-00048656-00048886 number two you will focus on what
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00219-00048887-00049151 matters and leverage your growth
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00220-00049152-00049327 consciously because you're making
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00221-00049328-00049567 conscious decisions in each quarter what
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00222-00049568-00049686 to do
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00223-00049687-00049846 no i'm not going to do that because it
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00224-00049847-00050102 won't make a significant impact only
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00225-00050103-00050390 choose what makes a significant impact
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00226-00050391-00050686 and lastly you will make decisions more
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00227-00050687-00050902 easily more freely because you're
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00228-00050903-00051071 deciding once
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00229-00051072-00051270 that's all i have for you today
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00230-00051271-00051487 this is ask vanola how
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00231-00051488-00051814 episode 11 and ask me how next month
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00232-00051815-00051966 we're moving on to a different theme of
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00233-00051967-00052238 the month this month we had planning i'm
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00234-00052239-00052519 open to what you want to do next month
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00235-00052520-00052703 let me know dm me
+M9eOp9Uu35u-00236-00052704-00053104 have a great day everyone take care
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00000-00000011-00000353 the 14th amendment amendment 14 to the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00001-00000354-00000553 United States Constitution was adopted
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00002-00000554-00000841 on July 9th 1868 as one of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00003-00000842-00001120 Reconstruction Amendments arguably one
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00004-00001121-00001319 of the most consequential amendments to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00005-00001320-00001460 this day the amendment addresses
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00006-00001461-00001657 citizenship rights and equal protection
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00007-00001659-00001904 of the laws and was proposed in response
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00008-00001905-00002092 to issues related to former slaves
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00009-00002093-00002363 following the American Civil War the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00010-00002364-00002512 amendment was bitterly contested
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00011-00002513-00002696 particularly by the states of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00012-00002697-00002893 defeated Confederacy which were forced
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00013-00002894-00003047 to ratify it in order to regain
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00014-00003048-00003353 representation in Congress the amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00015-00003354-00003584 particularly its first section is one of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00016-00003585-00003728 the most litigated parts of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00017-00003729-00003926 Constitution forming the basis for
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00018-00003927-00004153 landmark decisions such as brown v board
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00019-00004154-00004511 of education 1954 regarding racial
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00020-00004512-00004952 segregation roe v wade 1973 regarding
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00021-00004953-00005279 abortion Bush v Gore 2000 regarding the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00022-00005280-00005474 2000 presidential election and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00023-00005475-00005834 obergefell V Hodges 2015 regarding
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00024-00005835-00006077 same-sex marriage the amendment limits
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00025-00006078-00006254 the actions of all state and local
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00026-00006255-00006442 officials including those acting on
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00027-00006443-00006689 behalf of such an official the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00028-00006690-00006866 amendments first section includes
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00029-00006867-00007078 several clauses the citizenship clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00030-00007079-00007319 privileges or immunities clause due
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00031-00007320-00007528 process clause an equal protection
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00032-00007529-00007826 clause the citizenship clause provides a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00033-00007827-00007994 broad definition of citizenship
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00034-00007995-00008203 nullifying the Supreme Court's decision
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00035-00008204-00008596 in Dred Scott v Sandford 1857 which had
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00036-00008597-00008756 held that Americans descended from
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00037-00008757-00008974 African slaves could not be citizens of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00038-00008975-00009181 the United States since the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00039-00009182-00009514 slaughterhouse cases 1873 the privileges
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00040-00009515-00009680 or immunities clause has been
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00041-00009681-00009962 interpreted to do very little the Due
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00042-00009963-00010202 Process Clause prohibits state and local
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00043-00010203-00010376 government officials from depriving
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00044-00010377-00010541 persons of life liberty or property
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00045-00010542-00010864 without legislative authorization this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00046-00010865-00011078 clause has also been used by the federal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00047-00011079-00011263 judiciary to make most of the Bill of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00048-00011264-00011474 Rights applicable to the States as well
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00049-00011475-00011642 as to recognize substantive and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00050-00011643-00011837 procedural requirements that state laws
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00051-00011838-00012149 must satisfy the Equal Protection Clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00052-00012150-00012346 requires each state to provide equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00053-00012347-00012553 protection under the law to all people
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00054-00012554-00012763 including all non-citizens within its
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00055-00012764-00013021 jurisdiction this clause has been the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00056-00013022-00013219 basis for many decisions rejecting
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00057-00013220-00013385 irrational or unnecessary
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00058-00013386-00013577 discrimination against people belonging
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00059-00013578-00013891 to various groups the second third and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00060-00013893-00014069 fourth sections of the amendment are
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00061-00014069-00014347 seldom litigated however the second
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00062-00014349-00014722 sections reference to rebellion or other
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00063-00014724-00014969 crime has been invoked as a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00064-00014969-00015158 constitutional ground for felony
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00065-00015159-00015386 disenfranchisement the fourth section
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00066-00015387-00015752 was held in Perry v United States 1935
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00067-00015753-00015938 to prohibit a current Congress from
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00068-00015938-00016141 abrogating a contract of debt incurred
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00069-00016143-00016400 by a prior Congress the fifth section
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00070-00016401-00016610 gives Congress the power to enforce the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00071-00016611-00016838 amendments provisions by appropriate
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00072-00016839-00017138 legislation however under City of Boerne
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00073-00017139-00017519 V Flores 1997 this power may not be used
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00074-00017520-00017680 to contradict a Supreme Court decision
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00075-00017681-00018194 interpreting the amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00076-00018195-00018430 topic text
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00077-00018431-00018628 you
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00078-00018629-00018889 section 1 all persons born or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00079-00018890-00019095 naturalized in the United States and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00080-00019096-00019305 subject to the jurisdiction thereof are
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00081-00019306-00019494 citizens of the United States and of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00082-00019495-00019755 State wherein they reside no State shall
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00083-00019756-00019939 make or enforce any law which shall
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00084-00019940-00020172 abridge the privileges or immunities of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00085-00020173-00020386 citizens of the United States nor shall
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00086-00020387-00020563 any state deprive any person of life
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00087-00020564-00020784 liberty or property without due process
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00088-00020785-00021052 of law nor deny to any person within its
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00089-00021053-00021250 jurisdiction the equal protection of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00090-00021251-00021636 laws section 2 representatives shall be
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00091-00021637-00021775 apportioned among the several states
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00092-00021776-00021936 according to their respective numbers
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00093-00021937-00022167 counting the whole number of persons in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00094-00022168-00022392 each state excluding Indians not taxed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00095-00022393-00022608 but when the right to vote at any
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00096-00022609-00022797 election for the choice of electors for
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00097-00022798-00022969 president and vice president of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00098-00022970-00023167 United States representatives in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00099-00023168-00023377 Congress the executive and judicial
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00100-00023378-00023578 officers of a state or the members of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00101-00023579-00023790 the legislature thereof is denied to any
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00102-00023791-00023992 of the male inhabitants of such state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00103-00023993-00024255 being 21 years of age and citizens of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00104-00024256-00024462 the United States or in any way abridged
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00105-00024463-00024703 except for participation in rebellion or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00106-00024704-00024936 other crime the basis of representation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00107-00024937-00025080 therein shall be reduced in the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00108-00025081-00025269 proportion which the number of such male
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00109-00025270-00025443 citizens shall bear to the whole number
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00110-00025444-00025702 of male citizens 21 years of age in such
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00111-00025702-00026058 state section 3 no person shall be a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00112-00026059-00026287 senator or representative in Congress or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00113-00026288-00026449 elector of president and vice-president
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00114-00026450-00026677 or hold any office civil or military
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00115-00026677-00026929 under the United States or under any
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00116-00026930-00027151 state who having previously taken an
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00117-00027152-00027358 oath as a member of Congress or is an
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00118-00027358-00027550 officer of the United States or as a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00119-00027551-00027777 member of any state legislature or as an
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00120-00027778-00027990 executive or judicial officer of any
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00121-00027991-00028198 state to support the Constitution of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00122-00028199-00028393 United States shall have engaged in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00123-00028394-00028582 insurrection or rebellion against the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00124-00028583-00028768 same or given aid or comfort to the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00125-00028769-00029023 enemies thereof but Congress may by a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00126-00029024-00029224 vote of two-thirds of each house remove
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00127-00029225-00029431 such disability
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00128-00029432-00029650 section four the validity of the public
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00129-00029651-00029887 debt of the United States authorized by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00130-00029888-00030112 law including debts incurred for payment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00131-00030113-00030319 of pensions and bounties for services in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00132-00030320-00030493 suppressing insurrection or rebellion
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00133-00030494-00030760 shall not be questioned but neither the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00134-00030761-00030997 United States nor any state shall assume
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00135-00030998-00031225 or pay any debt or obligation incurred
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00136-00031226-00031402 in aid of insurrection or rebellion
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00137-00031402-00031624 against the United States or any claim
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00138-00031625-00031819 for the loss or emancipation of any
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00139-00031820-00032077 slave but all such debts obligations and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00140-00032077-00032319 claims shall be held illegal and void
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00141-00032320-00032569 section five the Congress shall have
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00142-00032570-00032724 power to enforce by appropriate
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00143-00032725-00032944 legislation the provisions of this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00144-00032945-00033297 article
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00145-00033298-00033801 topic adoption
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00146-00033802-00034358 topic proposal by Congress
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00147-00034359-00034607 in the final years of the American Civil
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00148-00034608-00034784 War and the Reconstruction era that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00149-00034785-00035009 followed Congress repeatedly debated the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00150-00035010-00035216 rights of black former slaves freed by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00151-00035217-00035516 the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00152-00035517-00035792 the 1865 13th amendment the latter of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00153-00035793-00036010 which had formally abolished slavery
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00154-00036011-00036197 following the passage of the 13th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00155-00036198-00036404 amendment by Congress however
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00156-00036405-00036596 Republicans grew concerned over the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00157-00036597-00036728 increase it would create in the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00158-00036729-00036899 congressional representation of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00159-00036900-00037117 Democratic dominated southern states
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00160-00037118-00037367 because the full population of freed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00161-00037368-00037532 slaves would now be counted for
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00162-00037533-00037694 determining congressional representation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00163-00037695-00037943 rather than the three-fifths previously
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00164-00037944-00038099 mandated by the three-fifths compromise
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00165-00038100-00038318 the southern states would dramatically
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00166-00038319-00038516 increase their power in the population
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00167-00038517-00038675 based House of Representatives
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00168-00038676-00038861 regardless of whether the former slaves
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00169-00038862-00039116 were allowed to vote Republicans began
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00170-00039117-00039290 looking for a way to offset this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00171-00039291-00039482 advantage either by protecting and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00172-00039483-00039707 attracting votes of former slaves or at
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00173-00039708-00039830 least by discouraging their
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00174-00039831-00040109 disenfranchisement in 1865 Congress
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00175-00040110-00040283 passed what would become the Civil
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00176-00040284-00040532 Rights Act of 1866 guaranteeing
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00177-00040533-00040757 citizenship without regard to race color
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00178-00040758-00040970 or previous condition of slavery or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00179-00040971-00041249 involuntary servitude the bill also
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00180-00041250-00041486 guaranteed equal benefits and access to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00181-00041487-00041681 the law a direct assault on the Black
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00182-00041682-00041993 Codes passed by many post-war states the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00183-00041994-00042176 Black Codes attempted to return ex
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00184-00042177-00042341 slaves to something like their former
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00185-00042342-00042484 condition by among other things
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00186-00042485-00042701 restricting their movement forcing them
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00187-00042702-00042917 to enter into year-long labor contracts
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00188-00042918-00043076 prohibiting them from owning firearms
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00189-00043077-00043280 and preventing them from suing or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00190-00043281-00043403 testifying in court
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00191-00043404-00043598 although strongly urged by moderates in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00192-00043599-00043775 Congress to sign the bill President
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00193-00043776-00044041 Andrew Johnson vetoed it on March 27
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00194-00044042-00044432 1866 in his veto message he objected to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00195-00044433-00044561 the measure because it conferred
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00196-00044562-00044753 citizenship on the freedmen at a time
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00197-00044754-00044963 when 11 out of 36 states were
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00198-00044964-00045152 unrepresented in the Congress and that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00199-00045153-00045347 it discriminated in favor of African
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00200-00045348-00045502 Americans and against whites
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00201-00045503-00045782 three weeks later Johnson's veto was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00202-00045783-00045976 overridden and the measure became law
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00203-00045977-00046220 despite this victory even some
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00204-00046221-00046403 Republicans who had supported the goals
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00205-00046404-00046583 of the Civil Rights Act began to doubt
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00206-00046584-00046724 that Congress really possessed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00207-00046725-00046934 constitutional power to turn those goals
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00208-00046935-00047249 into laws the experience also encouraged
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00209-00047250-00047486 both radical and moderate Republicans to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00210-00047487-00047708 seek constitutional guarantees for black
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00211-00047709-00047890 rights rather than relying on temporary
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00212-00047891-00048260 political majorities over 70 proposals
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00213-00048261-00048484 for an amendment were drafted in late
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00214-00048485-00048683 1865 the Joint Committee on
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00215-00048684-00048854 reconstruction proposed an amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00216-00048855-00049064 stating that any citizens barred from
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00217-00049065-00049259 voting on the basis of race by a state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00218-00049260-00049439 would not be counted for purposes of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00219-00049440-00049676 representation of that state this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00220-00049677-00049856 amendment passed the house but was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00221-00049857-00050042 blocked in the Senate by a coalition of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00222-00050043-00050240 Radical Republicans led by Charles
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00223-00050241-00050414 Sumner who believed the proposal a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00224-00050415-00050702 compromise with wrong and Democrats
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00225-00050703-00050969 opposed to black rights consideration
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00226-00050970-00051167 then turned to a proposed amendment by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00227-00051168-00051386 representative John a Bingham of Ohio
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00228-00051387-00051599 which would enable Congress to safeguard
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00229-00051600-00051869 equal protection of life liberty and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00230-00051870-00052114 property of all citizens
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00231-00052115-00052295 this proposal failed to pass the House
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00232-00052296-00052616 in April 1866 the joint committee
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00233-00052616-00052855 forwarded a third proposal to Congress a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00234-00052857-00053078 carefully negotiated compromise that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00235-00053079-00053240 combined elements of the first and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00236-00053241-00053432 second proposals as well as addressing
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00237-00053433-00053591 the issues of Confederate debt and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00238-00053591-00053857 voting by ex-confederates the House of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00239-00053858-00054117 Representatives passed House Resolution
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00240-00054119-00054425 127 39th Congress several weeks later
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00241-00054426-00054671 and sent to the Senate for action the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00242-00054672-00054872 resolution was debated and several
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00243-00054873-00055021 amendments to it were proposed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00244-00055022-00055316 amendments to sections 2 3 & 4 were
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00245-00055316-00055640 adopted On June 8 1866 and the modified
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00246-00055641-00055954 resolution passed by a 33 to 11 vote v
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00247-00055955-00056240 absent not voting the house agreed to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00248-00056241-00056464 the Senate amendments On June 13th by a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00249-00056465-00056800 138 to 36 vote 10 not voting a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00250-00056801-00057041 concurrent resolution requesting the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00251-00057041-00057232 President to transmit the proposal to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00252-00057233-00057437 the executives of the several states was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00253-00057438-00057635 passed by both houses of Congress on
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00254-00057636-00057719 June 18th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00255-00057720-00057929 the Radical Republicans were satisfied
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00256-00057929-00058109 that they had secured civil rights for
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00257-00058110-00058289 blacks but were disappointed that the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00258-00058290-00058448 amendment would not also secure
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00259-00058449-00058601 political rights for blacks in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00260-00058602-00058859 particular the right to vote for example
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00261-00058860-00059078 Thaddeus Stevens a leader of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00262-00059079-00059321 disappointed Radical Republicans said I
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00263-00059322-00059542 find that we shall be obliged to be
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00264-00059544-00059711 content with patching up the worst
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00265-00059712-00059917 portions of the ancient edifice and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00266-00059919-00060161 leaving it in many of its parts to be
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00267-00060162-00060344 swept through by the tempest s' the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00268-00060345-00060649 Frost's and the storms of despotism
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00269-00060650-00060872 abolitionists Wendell Phillips called it
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00270-00060873-00061100 a fatal and total surrender
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00271-00061101-00061316 this point would later be addressed by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00272-00061316-00061696 the 15th amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00273-00061697-00062274 topic ratification by the states
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00274-00062275-00062676 On June 16th 1866 Secretary of State
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00275-00062677-00062883 William Seward transmitted the 14th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00276-00062884-00063033 amendment to the governors of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00277-00063034-00063221 several states for its ratification
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00278-00063222-00063495 state legislatures in every formerly
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00279-00063496-00063690 Confederate state with the exception of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00280-00063691-00063963 Tennessee refused to ratify it this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00281-00063964-00064142 refusal led to the passage of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00282-00064144-00064355 reconstruction acts ignoring the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00283-00064357-00064527 existing state government's military
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00284-00064528-00064766 government was imposed until new civil
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00285-00064767-00064932 governments were established and the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00286-00064933-00065223 14th amendment was ratified it also
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00287-00065224-00065429 prompted Congress to pass a law on March
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00288-00065430-00065727 2nd 1867 requiring that a former
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00289-00065728-00065952 Confederate state must ratify the 14th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00290-00065953-00066168 amendment before said state shall be
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00291-00066169-00066411 declared entitled to representation in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00292-00066412-00066747 Congress the first 28 states to ratify
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00293-00066748-00067092 the 14th amendment work Connecticut June
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00294-00067093-00067286 30th 1866
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00295-00067287-00067791 New Hampshire July 6 to 1866 Tennessee
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00296-00067792-00068238 July 18 - 18 66 New Jersey September
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00297-00068239-00068529 11th 1866 rescinded ratification
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00298-00068530-00068988 February 20th 1868 March 24th 1868 re
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00299-00068989-00069393 ratified April 23rd 2003 Oregon
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00300-00069394-00069750 September 19 1866 rescinded ratification
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00301-00069751-00070095 October 16 to 18 68 re ratified April
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00302-00070096-00070788 25th 1973 Vermont October 30th 1866 New
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00303-00070789-00070928 York January 10th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00304-00070929-00071484 1867 Ohio January 11th 1867 rescinded
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00305-00071485-00071811 ratification January 13th 1868 re
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00306-00071812-00072255 ratified March 12 2003 Illinois January
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00307-00072256-00072636 15th 1867 West Virginia
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00308-00072637-00073164 January 16th 1867 Michigan January 16 to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00309-00073165-00073568 18 sixty-seven Minnesota January 16th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00310-00073569-00073772 1867
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00311-00073773-00074291 Kansas January 17 to 18 67 MAME January
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00312-00074292-00075031 19 1867 Nevada January 22nd 1867 Indiana
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00313-00075032-00075598 January 23rd 1867 Missouri January 25th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00314-00075599-00076143 1867 Pennsylvania February 6 to 1867
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00315-00076144-00076685 Rhode Island February 7th 1867 Wisconsin
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00316-00076686-00077141 February 13th 1867 Massachusetts March
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00317-00077142-00077867 20th 1867 Nebraska June 15th 1865 March
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00318-00077868-00078424 16th 1868 Arkansas April 6th 1868
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00319-00078425-00079121 Florida June 9th 1865 or 1868 after
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00320-00079122-00079574 rejection December 14th 1866 Louisiana
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00321-00079575-00079925 July 9th 1868 after rejection February
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00322-00079926-00080303 6th 1867 South Carolina
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00323-00080304-00080626 July 9th 1868 after rejection December
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00324-00080627-00080806 20th 1866
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00325-00080807-00081017 if rescission by Ohio and New Jersey
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00326-00081018-00081212 were invalid South Carolina would have
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00327-00081213-00081505 been the 28th state rescission by Oregon
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00328-00081506-00081653 did not occur until later
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00329-00081654-00081884 these recisions caused significant
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00330-00081885-00082160 controversy however ratification by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00331-00082161-00082351 other states continued during the course
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00332-00082352-00082807 of the debate Alabama July 13th 1868 on
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00333-00082808-00083129 July 20th 1868 Secretary of State
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00334-00083130-00083344 William H Seward certified that if
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00335-00083345-00083534 withdrawals of ratification by New
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00336-00083535-00083750 Jersey and Ohio were ineffective then
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00337-00083751-00083909 the amendment had become part of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00338-00083910-00084200 Constitution on July 9th 1868 with
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00339-00084201-00084388 ratification by South Carolina
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00340-00084389-00084674 the following day Congress adopted and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00341-00084675-00084854 transmitted to the Department of State a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00342-00084855-00085091 concurrent resolution declaring the 14th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00343-00085092-00085223 amendment to be a part of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00344-00085224-00085405 Constitution and directing the Secretary
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00345-00085406-00085715 of State to promulgate it as such both
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00346-00085716-00085922 New Jersey and Ohio were named in the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00347-00085923-00086099 Congressional resolution as having
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00348-00086100-00086297 ratified the amendment although Alabama
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00349-00086298-00086588 was also named making 29 States total on
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00350-00086589-00086850 the same day one more state ratified
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00351-00086851-00087164 Georgia July 21st 1860
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00352-00087165-00087500 after rejection November 9th 1866 on
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00353-00087501-00087782 July 27 secretary Seward received the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00354-00087783-00087971 formal ratification from Georgia
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00355-00087972-00088301 the following day July 28th secretary
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00356-00088302-00088471 Seward issued his official proclamation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00357-00088472-00088657 certifying the adoption of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00358-00088658-00088922 Fourteenth Amendment secretary Seward
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00359-00088923-00089128 stated that his proclamation was in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00360-00089129-00089396 conformance to the resolution by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00361-00089397-00089609 Congress but his official list of states
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00362-00089610-00089834 included both Alabama and Georgia as
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00363-00089835-00090035 well as Ohio and New Jersey the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00364-00090036-00090263 inclusion of Ohio and New Jersey has led
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00365-00090264-00090401 some to question the validity of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00366-00090402-00090635 rescission of a ratification the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00367-00090636-00090848 inclusion of Alabama and Georgia has
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00368-00090849-00091025 called that conclusion into question
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00369-00091026-00091241 while there have been Supreme Court
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00370-00091242-00091454 cases dealing with ratification issues
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00371-00091455-00091655 this particular question has never been
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00372-00091656-00091967 adjudicated the 14th amendment was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00373-00091968-00092329 subsequently ratified Virginia October 8
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00374-00092330-00092836 1869 after rejection January 9th 1867
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00375-00092837-00093307 Mississippi January 17th 1870 Texas
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00376-00093308-00093584 February 18th 1870 after rejection
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00377-00093585-00094115 October 27th 1866 Delaware February 12th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00378-00094116-00094567 1901 after rejection February 8th 1867
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00379-00094568-00094934 Maryland April 4th 1959 after rejection
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00380-00094935-00095584 March 23rd 1867 California May 6th 1959
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00381-00095585-00095972 Kentucky March 30th 1976 after rejection
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00382-00095973-00096332 January 8th 1867 since Ohio and New
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00383-00096333-00096560 Jersey rear a defied the 14th amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00384-00096561-00096842 in 2003 all US states that existed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00385-00096843-00097016 during Reconstruction have ratified the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00386-00097017-00097437 amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00387-00097438-00098047 topic citizenship and civil rights
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00388-00098048-00098524 topic background
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00389-00098525-00098765 section one of the amendment formally
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00390-00098766-00098981 defines united states citizenship and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00391-00098982-00099194 also protects various civil rights from
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00392-00099195-00099410 being abridged or denied by any state or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00393-00099411-00099688 state actor abridgement or denial of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00394-00099689-00099907 those civil rights by private persons is
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00395-00099908-00100079 not addressed by this amendment the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00396-00100080-00100253 Supreme Court held in the civil rights
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00397-00100254-00100511 cases 1883 that the amendment was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00398-00100512-00100831 limited to state action and therefore
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00399-00100832-00101032 did not authorize the Congress to outlaw
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00400-00101033-00101216 racial discrimination by private
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00401-00101217-00101411 individuals or organizations though
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00402-00101412-00101575 Congress can sometimes reach such
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00403-00101576-00101762 discrimination via other parts of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00404-00101763-00102068 Constitution US Supreme Court justice
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00405-00102069-00102293 Joseph P Bradley commented in the civil
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00406-00102294-00102563 rights cases that individual invasion of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00407-00102564-00102793 individual rights as not the subject
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00408-00102794-00103073 matter of the Fourteenth Amendment it
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00409-00103074-00103309 has a deeper and broader scope it
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00410-00103310-00103523 nullifies and makes void all state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00411-00103524-00103756 legislation and state action of every
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00412-00103757-00103988 kind which impairs the privileges and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00413-00103989-00104222 immunities of citizens of the United
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00414-00104223-00104419 States or which injures them in life
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00415-00104420-00104629 liberty or property without due process
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00416-00104630-00104911 of law or which denies to any of them
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00417-00104913-00105224 the equal protection of the laws the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00418-00105225-00105422 Radical Republicans who advanced the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00419-00105423-00105590 Thirteenth Amendment hoped to ensure
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00420-00105591-00105779 broad civil and human rights for the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00421-00105780-00106009 newly freed people but its scope was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00422-00106010-00106216 disputed before it even went into effect
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00423-00106217-00106441 the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00424-00106442-00106670 wanted these principles enshrined in the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00425-00106671-00106868 Constitution to protect the new Civil
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00426-00106869-00107000 Rights Act from being declared
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00427-00107001-00107215 unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00428-00107216-00107410 and also to prevent a future Congress
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00429-00107411-00107606 from altering it by a mere majority vote
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00430-00107607-00107888 this section was also in response to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00431-00107889-00108079 violence against black people within the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00432-00108080-00108326 southern states the Joint Committee on
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00433-00108327-00108500 reconstruction found that only a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00434-00108501-00108701 constitutional amendment could protect
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00435-00108702-00108899 black people's rights and welfare within
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00436-00108900-00109111 those states section 1 has been the most
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00437-00109113-00109277 frequently litigated part of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00438-00109278-00109472 amendment and this amendment in turn has
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00439-00109473-00109660 been the most frequently litigated part
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00440-00109661-00110088 of the Constitution
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00441-00110089-00110567 topic citizenship clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00442-00110568-00110807 the citizenship clause overruled the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00443-00110808-00111020 Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00444-00111021-00111215 black people were not citizens and could
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00445-00111216-00111404 not become citizens nor enjoy the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00446-00111405-00111661 benefits of citizenship some members of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00447-00111663-00111902 Congress voted for the 14th amendment in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00448-00111903-00112076 order to eliminate doubts about the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00449-00112077-00112253 constitutionality of the Civil Rights
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00450-00112254-00112544 Act of 1866 or to ensure that no
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00451-00112545-00112742 subsequent Congress could later repeal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00452-00112743-00112924 or alter the main provisions of that act
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00453-00112925-00113306 the Civil Rights Act of 1866 had granted
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00454-00113307-00113507 citizenship to all persons born in the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00455-00113508-00113675 United States if they were not subject
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00456-00113676-00113897 to a foreign power and this Clause of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00457-00113898-00114001 the Fourteenth Amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00458-00114002-00114299 constitutionalized this rule there are
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00459-00114300-00114503 varying interpretations of the original
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00460-00114504-00114695 intent of Congress and of the ratifying
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00461-00114696-00114899 States based on statements made during
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00462-00114900-00115049 the congressional debate over the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00463-00115050-00115226 amendment as well as the customs and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00464-00115227-00115417 understandings prevalent at that time
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00465-00115418-00115649 some of the major issues that have
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00466-00115650-00115847 arisen about this clause are the extent
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00467-00115848-00116035 to which it included Native Americans
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00468-00116036-00116258 its coverage of non-citizens legally
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00469-00116258-00116441 present in the United States when they
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00470-00116442-00116615 have a child whether the clause allows
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00471-00116616-00116809 revocation of citizenship and whether
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00472-00116810-00117079 the clause applies to illegal immigrants
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00473-00117080-00117344 historian Eric Foner who has explored
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00474-00117345-00117506 the question of u.s. birthright
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00475-00117507-00117707 citizenship to other countries argues
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00476-00117708-00117893 that many things claimed as uniquely
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00477-00117894-00118133 American a devotion to individual
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00478-00118133-00118322 freedom for example or social
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00479-00118323-00118670 opportunity exist in other countries but
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00480-00118671-00118844 birthright citizenship does make the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00481-00118845-00119063 United States along with Canada unique
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00482-00119064-00119364 in the developed world
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00483-00119365-00119605 birthright citizenship as one expression
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00484-00119606-00119811 of the commitment to equality and the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00485-00119813-00120022 expansion of national consciousness that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00486-00120023-00120229 marked reconstruction
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00487-00120230-00120496 birthright citizenship as one legacy of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00488-00120497-00120631 the titanic struggle of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00489-00120632-00120832 Reconstruction era to create a genuine
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00490-00120833-00121021 democracy grounded in the principle of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00491-00121022-00121341 equality
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00492-00121342-00121840 topic Native Americans
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00493-00121841-00122085 during the original congressional debate
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00494-00122086-00122283 over the amendment senator Jacob M
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00495-00122284-00122511 Howard of Michigan the author of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00496-00122513-00122760 citizenship Clause described the clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00497-00122761-00122958 as having the same content despite
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00498-00122959-00123148 different wording as the earlier Civil
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00499-00123149-00123424 Rights Act of 1866 namely that it
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00500-00123425-00123625 excludes Native Americans who maintained
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00501-00123626-00123868 their tribal ties in persons born in the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00502-00123869-00124114 United States who are foreigners aliens
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00503-00124115-00124273 who belong to the families of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00504-00124274-00124557 ambassadors or foreign ministers
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00505-00124558-00124819 according to historian Glenn W la
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00506-00124820-00125065 fantasy of Western Kentucky University a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00507-00125066-00125290 good number of his fellow senators
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00508-00125291-00125497 supported his view of the citizenship
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00509-00125498-00125800 clause others also agreed that the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00510-00125801-00125985 children of ambassadors and foreign
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00511-00125986-00126193 ministers were to be excluded Senator
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00512-00126194-00126394 James Ruud Doolittle of Wisconsin
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00513-00126395-00126580 asserted that all Native Americans were
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00514-00126581-00126810 subject to United States jurisdiction so
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00515-00126811-00127110 that the phrase Indians not taxed would
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00516-00127111-00127264 be preferable but Senate Judiciary
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00517-00127265-00127498 Committee Chairman Lyman Trumbull and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00518-00127499-00127696 Howard disputed this arguing that the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00519-00127697-00127858 federal government did not have full
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00520-00127858-00128074 jurisdiction over Native American tribes
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00521-00128075-00128235 which governed themselves and make
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00522-00128236-00128535 treaties with the United States in elk v
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00523-00128536-00128851 wilkins 1884 the classes meaning was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00524-00128852-00129019 tested regarding whether birth in the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00525-00129020-00129214 united states automatically extended
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00526-00129215-00129490 national citizenship the Supreme Court
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00527-00129491-00129643 held that Native Americans who
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00528-00129644-00129834 voluntarily quit their tribes did not
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00529-00129835-00130042 automatically gain national citizenship
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00530-00130043-00130306 the issue was resolved with the passage
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00531-00130307-00130552 of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00532-00130553-00130789 which granted full US citizenship to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00533-00130790-00131135 indigenous peoples
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00534-00131136-00131732 topic children born to foreign nationals
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00535-00131733-00131966 the Fourteenth Amendment provides that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00536-00131967-00132167 children born in the United States and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00537-00132168-00132353 subject to its jurisdiction become
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00538-00132354-00132632 American citizens at birth at the time
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00539-00132633-00132815 of the amendments passage President
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00540-00132816-00132995 Andrew Johnson and three senators
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00541-00132996-00133181 including Trumbull the author of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00542-00133182-00133382 Civil Rights Act asserted that both the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00543-00133383-00133538 Civil Rights Act and the Fourteenth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00544-00133539-00133724 Amendment would confer citizenship to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00545-00133725-00133907 children born to foreign nationals in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00546-00133908-00134213 the United States Senator Edgar Cowen of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00547-00134214-00134411 Pennsylvania had a decidedly different
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00548-00134412-00134486 opinion
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00549-00134487-00134678 some scholars dispute whether the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00550-00134679-00134855 citizenship clause should apply to the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00551-00134856-00135029 children of unauthorized immigrants
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00552-00135030-00135332 today as the problem
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00553-00135333-00135704 did not exist at the time in the 21st
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00554-00135705-00135776 century
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00555-00135777-00135950 Congress has occasionally discussed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00556-00135951-00136133 passing a statute or a constitutional
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00557-00136134-00136340 amendment to reduce the practice of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00558-00136341-00136595 birth tourism in which a foreign
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00559-00136596-00136769 national gives birth in the United
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00560-00136770-00136955 States to gain the child's citizenship
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00561-00136956-00137129 the clauses meaning with regard to a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00562-00137130-00137345 child of immigrants was tested in United
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00563-00137346-00137786 States v Wong Kim Ark 1898 the Supreme
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00564-00137787-00137939 Court held that under the Fourteenth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00565-00137940-00138149 Amendment a man born within the United
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00566-00138150-00138335 States to Chinese citizens who have a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00567-00138336-00138542 permanent domicile and residence in the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00568-00138543-00138707 United States and are carrying out
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00569-00138708-00138947 business in the United States and whose
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00570-00138948-00139091 parents were not employed in a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00571-00139092-00139331 diplomatic or other official capacity by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00572-00139332-00139559 a foreign power was a citizen of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00573-00139560-00139862 United States subsequent decisions have
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00574-00139863-00140048 applied the principle to the children of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00575-00140049-00140267 foreign nationals of non Chinese descent
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00576-00140268-00140438 according to the Foreign Affairs manual
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00577-00140439-00140648 which is published by the Department of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00578-00140649-00140876 State despite widespread popular belief
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00579-00140877-00141149 US military installations abroad in u.s.
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00580-00141150-00141371 diplomatic or consular facilities abroad
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00581-00141372-00141584 are not part of the United States within
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00582-00141585-00142093 the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00583-00142094-00142696 topic loss of citizenship loss of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00584-00142697-00142909 national citizenship is possible only
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00585-00142910-00143221 under the following circumstances fraud
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00586-00143222-00143442 in the naturalization process
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00587-00143443-00143653 technically this is not a loss of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00588-00143654-00143851 citizenship but rather avoiding of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00589-00143852-00144031 purported naturalization and a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00590-00144032-00144214 declaration that the immigrant never was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00591-00144215-00144459 a citizen of the United States
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00592-00144460-00144747 affiliation with anti-american
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00593-00144748-00145039 organisations eg the Communist Party
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00594-00145040-00145312 terrorist organizations etc within five
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00595-00145313-00145564 years of naturalization the State
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00596-00145565-00145777 Department views such affiliations as
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00597-00145778-00145954 sufficient evidence that an applicant
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00598-00145955-00146146 must have lied or concealed evidence in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00599-00146147-00146458 the naturalization process other than
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00600-00146459-00146662 honorable discharge from the US Armed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00601-00146663-00146857 Forces before five years of honorable
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00602-00146858-00147058 service if honorable service was the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00603-00147059-00147394 basis for the naturalization voluntary
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00604-00147395-00147607 relinquishment of citizenship this may
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00605-00147608-00147739 be accomplished either through
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00606-00147740-00147943 renunciation procedures specially
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00607-00147944-00148147 established by the State Department or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00608-00148148-00148321 through other actions that demonstrate
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00609-00148322-00148534 desire to give up national citizenship
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00610-00148535-00148660 for much of the country's history
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00611-00148661-00148924 voluntary acquisition or exercise of a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00612-00148925-00149101 foreign citizenship was considered
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00613-00149102-00149287 sufficient cause for revocation of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00614-00149288-00149566 national citizenship this concept was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00615-00149567-00149734 enshrined in a series of treaties
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00616-00149735-00149905 between the United States and other
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00617-00149906-00150205 countries the Bancroft treaties however
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00618-00150206-00150403 the Supreme Court repudiated this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00619-00150404-00150805 concept in a free MV R Us 1967 as well
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00620-00150806-00150991 as Vance V terrazas
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00621-00150992-00151249 1980 holding that the citizenship Clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00622-00151250-00151414 of the Fourteenth Amendment barred the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00623-00151415-00151599 Congress from revoking citizenship
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00624-00151600-00151891 however Congress can revoke citizenship
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00625-00151892-00152056 that it had previously granted to a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00626-00152057-00152536 person not born in the United States
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00627-00152537-00153152 topic privileges or immunities clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00628-00153153-00153381 the privileges or immunities clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00629-00153382-00153551 which protects the privileges and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00630-00153552-00153771 immunities of national citizenship from
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00631-00153772-00153959 interference by the states was patterned
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00632-00153960-00154103 after the privileges and immunities
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00633-00154104-00154361 clause of article 4 which protects the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00634-00154362-00154533 privileges and immunities of state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00635-00154534-00154715 citizenship from interference by other
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00636-00154716-00155082 states in the slaughterhouse cases 1873
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00637-00155083-00155295 the Supreme Court concluded that the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00638-00155296-00155504 Constitution recognized two separate
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00639-00155505-00155721 types of citizenship national
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00640-00155722-00156053 citizenship and state citizenship and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00641-00156054-00156294 the court held that the privileges or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00642-00156295-00156491 immunities Clause prohibits States from
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00643-00156492-00156698 interfering only with privileges and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00644-00156699-00156863 immunities possessed by virtue of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00645-00156864-00157127 national citizenship the court concluded
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00646-00157128-00157337 that the privileges and immunities of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00647-00157338-00157553 national citizenship included only those
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00648-00157554-00157751 rights that though their existence to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00649-00157752-00157958 the federal government its national
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00650-00157959-00158275 character its Constitution or its laws
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00651-00158276-00158558 the court recognized few such rights
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00652-00158559-00158759 including access to seaports and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00653-00158760-00158958 navigable waterways the right to run for
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00654-00158959-00159158 federal office the protection of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00655-00159159-00159308 federal government while on the high
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00656-00159309-00159521 seas or in the jurisdiction of a foreign
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00657-00159522-00159710 country the right to travel to the seat
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00658-00159711-00159851 of government the right to peaceably
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00659-00159852-00160071 assemble and petition the government the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00660-00160072-00160214 privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00661-00160215-00160421 and the right to participate in the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00662-00160422-00160634 government's administration this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00663-00160635-00160850 decision has not been overruled and has
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00664-00160851-00161036 been specifically reaffirmed several
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00665-00161037-00161300 times largely as a result of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00666-00161301-00161489 narrowness of the slaughterhouse opinion
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00667-00161490-00161708 this clause subsequently lay dormant for
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00668-00161709-00162158 well over a century in scenes V ro 1999
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00669-00162159-00162350 the court ruled that a component of that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00670-00162351-00162623 right to travel is protected by the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00671-00162624-00162833 privileges or immunities clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00672-00162834-00163016 despite fundamentally differing views
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00673-00163017-00163158 concerning the coverage of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00674-00163159-00163368 privileges or immunities Clause of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00675-00163369-00163613 14th amendment most notably expressed in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00676-00163614-00163814 the majority and dissenting opinions in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00677-00163815-00164118 the slaughterhouse cases 1873 it has
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00678-00164119-00164279 always been common ground that this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00679-00164280-00164469 Clause protects the third component of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00680-00164470-00164694 the right to travel writing for the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00681-00164695-00164861 majority in the slaughterhouse cases
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00682-00164862-00165093 justice Miller explained that one of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00683-00165094-00165284 privileges conferred by this clause is
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00684-00165285-00165558 that a citizen of the United States can
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00685-00165559-00165807 of his own volition become a citizen of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00686-00165808-00166032 any state of the Union by a bona fide II
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00687-00166033-00166238 residence therein with the same rights
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00688-00166239-00166481 as other citizens of that state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00689-00166482-00166847 emphasis added justice Miller actually
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00690-00166848-00167024 wrote in the slaughterhouse cases that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00691-00167025-00167207 the right to become a citizen of a state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00692-00167208-00167437 by residing in that state is conferred
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00693-00167438-00167703 by the very article under consideration
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00694-00167704-00168015 emphasis added rather than by the clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00695-00168016-00168374 under consideration in McDonald V Shock
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00696-00168375-00168659 ago 2010 Justice Clarence Thomas while
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00697-00168660-00168802 concurring with the majority in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00698-00168803-00168937 incorporating the Second Amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00699-00168938-00169138 against the states declared that he
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00700-00169139-00169274 reached this conclusion through the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00701-00169275-00169489 privileges or immunities clause instead
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00702-00169490-00169777 of the Due Process Clause Randy Barnett
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00703-00169778-00169954 has referred to justice Thomas's
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00704-00169955-00170159 concurring opinion is a complete
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00705-00170160-00170401 restoration of the privileges or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00706-00170402-00170847 immunities clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00707-00170848-00171334 topic due process clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00708-00171335-00171697 in the 1884 case of Hurtado V California
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00709-00171698-00172102 the US Supreme Court said due process of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00710-00172103-00172327 law in the 14th amendment refers to that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00711-00172328-00172501 law of the land in each state which
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00712-00172502-00172696 derives its authority from the inherent
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00713-00172697-00172909 and reserved powers of the state exerted
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00714-00172910-00173056 within the limits of those fundamental
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00715-00173057-00173284 principles of liberty and justice which
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00716-00173285-00173473 lie at the base of all our civil and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00717-00173474-00173668 political institutions and the greatest
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00718-00173669-00173853 security for which resides in the right
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00719-00173854-00174027 of the people to make their own laws and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00720-00174028-00174289 alter them at their pleasure the Due
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00721-00174290-00174453 Process Clause of the Fourteenth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00722-00174454-00174631 Amendment applies only against the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00723-00174632-00174828 states but it is otherwise textually
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00724-00174829-00175014 identical to the Due Process Clause of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00725-00175015-00175179 the Fifth Amendment which applies
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00726-00175180-00175345 against the federal government both
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00727-00175346-00175495 clauses have been interpreted to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00728-00175496-00175669 encompass identical doctrines of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00729-00175670-00175890 procedural due process and substantive
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00730-00175891-00176209 due process procedural due process is
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00731-00176210-00176413 the guarantee of a fair legal process
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00732-00176414-00176572 when the government tries to interfere
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00733-00176573-00176785 with a person's protected interests in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00734-00176786-00177037 life liberty or property and substantive
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00735-00177038-00177214 due process as the guarantee that the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00736-00177215-00177388 fundamental rights of citizens will not
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00737-00177389-00177646 be encroached on by government the Due
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00738-00177647-00177811 Process Clause of the Fourteenth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00739-00177812-00178029 Amendment also incorporates most of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00740-00178030-00178207 provisions in the Bill of Rights which
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00741-00178208-00178393 were originally applied against only the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00742-00178394-00178566 federal government and applies them
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00743-00178567-00178909 against the states
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00744-00178910-00179463 topic substantive due process
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00745-00179464-00179850 beginning with algae RV Louisiana 1897
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00746-00179851-00180030 the court interpreted the due process
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00747-00180031-00180231 clause as providing substantive
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00748-00180232-00180438 protection to private contracts thus
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00749-00180439-00180642 prohibiting a variety of social and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00750-00180643-00180855 economic regulation this principle was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00751-00180856-00181167 referred to as freedom of contract thus
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00752-00181168-00181350 the court struck down a law decree
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00753-00181351-00181587 maximum hours for workers in a bakery in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00754-00181588-00181950 Lochner V New York 1905 and struck down
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00755-00181951-00182177 a minimum wage law in Atkins v
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00756-00182178-00182556 Children's Hospital 1923 in Meyer V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00757-00182557-00182913 Nebraska 1923 the court stated that the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00758-00182914-00183159 Liberty protected by the Due Process
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00759-00183160-00183678 Clause W without doubt denotes not
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00760-00183679-00183906 merely freedom from bodily restraint but
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00761-00183907-00184080 also the right of the individual to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00762-00184081-00184284 contract to engage in any of the common
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00763-00184285-00184512 occupations of life to acquire useful
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00764-00184513-00184740 knowledge to marry establish a home and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00765-00184741-00184902 bring up children to worship God
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00766-00184903-00185067 according to the dictates of his own
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00767-00185068-00185271 conscience and generally to enjoy those
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00768-00185272-00185484 privileges long recognized at common law
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00769-00185485-00185697 is essential to the orderly pursuit of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00770-00185698-00186015 happiness by freemen however the Court
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00771-00186016-00186255 did uphold some economic regulation such
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00772-00186256-00186497 as state prohibition laws Mugler V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00773-00186498-00186891 Kansas 1887 laws declaring maximum hours
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00774-00186892-00187245 for Mine Workers Holden V Hardy 1898
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00775-00187246-00187497 laws declaring maximum hours for female
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00776-00187498-00187863 workers Muller V Oregon 1908 and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00777-00187864-00188079 President Woodrow Wilson's intervention
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00778-00188080-00188478 in a railroad strike Wilson V new 1917
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00779-00188479-00188673 as well as federal laws regulating
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00780-00188674-00189105 narcotics United States v doremus 1919
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00781-00189106-00189306 the court repudiated but did not
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00782-00189307-00189558 explicitly overrule the freedom of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00783-00189559-00189840 contract line of cases in West Coast
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00784-00189841-00190304 Hotel V Parrish 1937 in Poe V Ullman
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00785-00190305-00190584 1961 dissenting judge John Marshall
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00786-00190585-00190785 Harlan too adopted a broad view of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00787-00190786-00191061 Liberty protected by the Fourteenth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00788-00191062-00191412 Amendment Due Process Clause t he full
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00789-00191413-00191586 scope of the Liberty guaranteed by the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00790-00191587-00191826 Due Process Clause cannot be found in or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00791-00191827-00191997 limited by the precise terms of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00792-00191998-00192207 specific guarantees elsewhere provided
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00793-00192208-00192483 in the Constitution this Liberty is not
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00794-00192484-00192705 a series of isolated points pricked out
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00795-00192706-00192841 in terms of the taking of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00796-00192842-00193060 property the freedom of speech press and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00797-00193061-00193276 religion the right to keep and bear arms
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00798-00193277-00193460 the freedom from unreasonable searches
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00799-00193461-00193745 and seizures and so on it is a rational
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00800-00193746-00193924 continuum which broadly speaking
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00801-00193925-00194161 includes a freedom from all substantial
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00802-00194162-00194362 arbitrary and positions and purposeless
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00803-00194363-00194570 restraints and which also recognizes
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00804-00194571-00194773 what a reasonable and sensitive judgment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00805-00194774-00194941 must that certain interests require
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00806-00194942-00195143 particularly careful scrutiny of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00807-00195144-00195325 state needs asserted to justify their
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00808-00195326-00195610 abridgement this broad view of Liberty
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00809-00195611-00195799 was adopted by the Supreme Court in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00810-00195800-00196066 Griswold v Connecticut for further
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00811-00196067-00196298 information see below although the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00812-00196299-00196624 freedom of contract described above has
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00813-00196625-00196895 fallen into disfavor by the 1960s the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00814-00196896-00197113 court had extended its interpretation of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00815-00197114-00197326 substantive due process to include other
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00816-00197327-00197476 rights and freedoms that are not
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00817-00197477-00197672 enumerated in the Constitution but that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00818-00197673-00197890 according to the court extent or derived
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00819-00197891-00198190 from existing rights for example the Due
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00820-00198191-00198424 Process Clause is also the foundation of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00821-00198425-00198700 a constitutional right to privacy the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00822-00198701-00198886 court first ruled that privacy was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00823-00198887-00199063 protected by the Constitution in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00824-00199064-00199426 Griswold v Connecticut 1965 which
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00825-00199427-00199568 overturned a Connecticut law
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00826-00199569-00199823 criminalizing birth control while
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00827-00199824-00200029 Justice William O Douglas wrote for the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00828-00200030-00200224 majority that the right to privacy was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00829-00200225-00200491 found in the penumbra's of various
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00830-00200492-00200638 provisions in the Bill of Rights
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00831-00200639-00200854 justices Arthur Goldberg and John
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00832-00200855-00201056 Marshall Harlan too wrote in concurring
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00833-00201057-00201349 opinions that uh Liberty protected by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00834-00201350-00201533 the Due Process Clause included
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00835-00201534-00201748 individual privacy the right to privacy
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00836-00201749-00202153 was the basis for roe v wade 1973 in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00837-00202154-00202385 which the Court invalidated a Texas law
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00838-00202386-00202583 forbidding abortion except to save the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00839-00202584-00202828 mother's life like Goldbergs and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00840-00202829-00203033 Harlan's concurring opinions in Griswold
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00841-00203034-00203227 the majority opinion authored by Justice
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00842-00203228-00203447 Harry Blackmun located the right to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00843-00203448-00203648 privacy in the due process classes
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00844-00203649-00203899 protection of Liberty the decision
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00845-00203900-00204073 disallowed many state and federal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00846-00204074-00204281 abortion restrictions and it became one
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00847-00204282-00204454 of the most controversial in the courts
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00848-00204455-00204786 history in Planned Parenthood v Casey
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00849-00204787-00205066 1992 the court decided that the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00850-00205067-00205352 essential holding of roe v wade should
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00851-00205353-00205594 be retained and once again reaffirmed in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00852-00205594-00205973 Lawrence v Texas 2003 the court found
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00853-00205973-00206219 that a Texas law against same sex sexual
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00854-00206219-00206244 in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00855-00206244-00206387 intercourse violated the right to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00856-00206388-00206816 privacy in obergefell V Hodges 2015 the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00857-00206817-00206981 court ruled that the fundamental right
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00858-00206982-00207185 to marriage included same-sex couples
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00859-00207186-00207598 being able to marry
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00860-00207598-00208050 topic procedural due process
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00861-00208051-00208306 when the government seeks to burden a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00862-00208307-00208510 person's protected liberty interest or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00863-00208511-00208716 property interest the Supreme Court has
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00864-00208717-00208848 held that procedural due process
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00865-00208850-00209067 requires that at a minimum the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00866-00209069-00209251 government provide the person notice an
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00867-00209252-00209428 opportunity to be heard at an oral
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00868-00209429-00209611 hearing and a decision by a neutral
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00869-00209612-00209875 decision-maker for example such
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00870-00209876-00210094 processes do when a government agency
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00871-00210094-00210273 seeks to terminate civil service
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00872-00210275-00210492 employees expel a student from public
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00873-00210494-00210694 school or cut off a welfare recipients
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00874-00210694-00210979 benefits the court has also ruled that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00875-00210980-00211201 the Due Process Clause requires judges
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00876-00211202-00211405 to recuse themselves in cases where the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00877-00211406-00211594 judge has a conflict of interest for
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00878-00211594-00212014 example in Caperton V 18 Massey coal Co
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00879-00212015-00212287 2009 the court ruled that a Justice of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00880-00212288-00212461 the Supreme Court of Appeals of West
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00881-00212462-00212662 Virginia had to recuse himself from a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00882-00212663-00212848 case involving a major contributor to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00883-00212848-00213291 his campaign for election to that Court
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00884-00213292-00213781 topic incorporation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00885-00213782-00214009 while many state constitutions are
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00886-00214010-00214159 modeled after the United States
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00887-00214160-00214375 Constitution and federal laws those
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00888-00214376-00214617 state constitutions did not necessarily
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00889-00214619-00214794 include provisions comparable to the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00890-00214796-00215223 Bill of Rights in Baron V Baltimore 1833
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00891-00215225-00215461 the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00892-00215462-00215638 the Bill of Rights restrained only the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00893-00215639-00215802 federal government not the states
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00894-00215803-00216048 however the Supreme Court has
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00895-00216050-00216250 subsequently held that most provisions
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00896-00216251-00216400 of the Bill of Rights apply to the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00897-00216401-00216589 states through the Due Process Clause of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00898-00216590-00216723 the Fourteenth Amendment under a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00899-00216725-00217012 doctrine called incorporation whether
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00900-00217013-00217198 incorporation was intended by the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00901-00217198-00217408 Amendment's framers such as John Bingham
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00902-00217409-00217653 has been debated by legal historians
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00903-00217654-00217885 according to legal scholar Akhil Reed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00904-00217886-00218128 amar the framers and early supporters of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00905-00218129-00218319 the 14th amendment believed that it
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00906-00218321-00218461 would ensure that the states would be
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00907-00218462-00218611 required to recognize the same
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00908-00218612-00218773 individual rights as the federal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00909-00218773-00218919 government all of these rights were
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00910-00218921-00219108 likely understood as falling within the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00911-00219109-00219442 privileges or immunities safeguarded by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00912-00219442-00219631 the amendment by the latter half of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00913-00219632-00219862 20th century nearly all of the rights in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00914-00219863-00220012 the Bill of Rights had been applied to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00915-00220013-00220288 the states the Supreme Court has held
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00916-00220289-00220452 that the Amendment's Due Process Clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00917-00220453-00220654 incorporates all of the substantive
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00918-00220655-00220855 protections of the first second fourth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00919-00220856-00221059 fifth except for its grand jury clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00920-00221060-00221239 and sixth amendments in the cruel and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00921-00221240-00221448 unusual punishment Clause of the Eighth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00922-00221450-00221698 Amendment while the third amendment has
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00923-00221698-00221854 not been applied to the states by the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00924-00221855-00222064 Supreme Court the Second Circuit ruled
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00925-00222065-00222238 that it did apply to the states within
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00926-00222239-00222456 that circuits jurisdiction in England v
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00927-00222457-00222723 Carey the Seventh Amendment right to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00928-00222725-00222967 jury trial in civil cases has been held
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00929-00222967-00223159 not to be applicable to the States but
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00930-00223160-00223344 the Amendment's re-examination Clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00931-00223346-00223582 applies not only to federal courts but
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00932-00223583-00223873 also to a case tried before a jury in a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00933-00223873-00224029 state court and brought to the Supreme
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00934-00224030-00224476 Court on appeal On June 18th 2018 the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00935-00224477-00224665 Supreme Court agreed to hear Timms V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00936-00224666-00224823 Indiana
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00937-00224825-00225021 Tim's will decide whether the excessive
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00938-00225023-00225148 fines Clause of the Eighth Amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00939-00225148-00225596 should be applied to the States
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00940-00225598-00226164 topic equal protection clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00941-00226165-00226430 the Equal Protection Clause was created
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00942-00226431-00226644 largely in response to the lack of equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00943-00226644-00226851 protection provided by law in states
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00944-00226852-00227112 with black codes under black codes
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00945-00227113-00227354 blacks could not sue give evidence or be
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00946-00227355-00227609 witnesses they also were punished more
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00947-00227610-00227855 harshly than whites in 1880
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00948-00227856-00228071 the Supreme Court stated in strauder V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00949-00228073-00228281 West Virginia that the Equal Protection
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00950-00228282-00228596 Clause was designed to assure to the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00951-00228598-00228779 colored race the enjoyment of all the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00952-00228780-00228921 civil rights that under the law are
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00953-00228921-00229140 enjoyed by white persons and to give to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00954-00229141-00229326 that race the protection of the general
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00955-00229327-00229529 government in that enjoyment whenever it
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00956-00229530-00229778 should be denied by the states the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00957-00229779-00229971 clause mandates that individuals in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00958-00229971-00230198 similar situations be treated equally by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00959-00230200-00230417 the law although the text of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00960-00230419-00230613 Fourteenth Amendment applies the Equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00961-00230614-00230796 Protection Clause only against the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00962-00230796-00231038 states the Supreme Court since bowling V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00963-00231039-00231356 sharp 1954 has applied the clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00964-00231357-00231516 against the federal government through
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00965-00231517-00231675 the Due Process Clause of the Fifth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00966-00231676-00231835 Amendment under a doctrine called
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00967-00231836-00232167 reversing corporation in you ovie
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00968-00232167-00232494 Hopkins 1886 the Supreme Court has
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00969-00232494-00232732 clarified that the meaning of person and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00970-00232733-00233067 within its jurisdiction in the Equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00971-00233067-00233246 Protection Clause would not be limited
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00972-00233248-00233444 to discrimination against African
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00973-00233446-00233619 Americans but would extend to other
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00974-00233619-00233873 races colors and nationalities such as
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00975-00233875-00234098 in this case legal aliens in the United
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00976-00234100-00234380 States who are Chinese citizens these
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00977-00234381-00234548 provisions are universal in their
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00978-00234550-00234734 application to all persons within the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00979-00234735-00234951 territorial jurisdiction without regard
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00980-00234952-00235169 to any differences of race of color or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00981-00235171-00235392 of nationality and the equal protection
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00982-00235392-00235526 of the laws as a pledge of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00983-00235527-00235887 protection of equal laws persons within
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00984-00235888-00236132 its jurisdiction are entitled to equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00985-00236133-00236412 protection from a state largely because
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00986-00236413-00236616 the privileges and immunities Clause of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00987-00236617-00236777 article 4 has from the beginning
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00988-00236778-00236942 guaranteed the privileges and immunities
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00989-00236944-00237185 of citizens into several states the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00990-00237186-00237371 Supreme Court has rarely construed the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00991-00237373-00237401 phrase
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00992-00237402-00237710 within its jurisdiction in relation to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00993-00237711-00238109 natural persons in Plyler V doe 1982
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00994-00238110-00238271 where the court held that aliens
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00995-00238273-00238457 illegally present in a state are within
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00996-00238458-00238665 its jurisdiction and made us raise equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00997-00238666-00238869 protection claims the court explicated
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00998-00238869-00239051 the meaning of the phrase within its
+MtvZFWdtBLg-00999-00239052-00239415 jurisdiction as follows you say of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01000-00239416-00239519 phrase
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01001-00239521-00239766 within its jurisdiction confirms the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01002-00239767-00239937 understanding that the Fourteenth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01003-00239938-00240182 Amendments protection extends to any one
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01004-00240183-00240441 citizen or stranger who is subject to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01005-00240442-00240639 the laws of a state and reaches into
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01006-00240640-00240878 every corner of a state's territory
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01007-00240879-00241142 the court reached this understanding
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01008-00241144-00241341 among other things from Senator Howard a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01009-00241342-00241554 member of the Joint Committee of 15 and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01010-00241555-00241728 the floor manager of the amendment in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01011-00241729-00242007 the Senate Senator Howard was explicit
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01012-00242008-00242196 about the broad objectives of the 14th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01013-00242196-00242376 amendment and the intention to make its
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01014-00242377-00242598 provisions applicable to all who may
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01015-00242598-00242856 happen to be within the jurisdiction of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01016-00242857-00243132 a state the last two clauses of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01017-00243133-00243339 first section of the amendment disabled
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01018-00243340-00243516 a state from depriving not merely a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01019-00243517-00243717 citizen of the United States but any
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01020-00243717-00243951 person whoever he may be of life liberty
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01021-00243952-00244173 or property without due process of law
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01022-00244173-00244362 or from denying to him the equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01023-00244363-00244614 protection of the laws of the state this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01024-00244615-00244839 abolish is all class legislation in the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01025-00244840-00244998 states and does away with the injustice
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01026-00244998-00245232 of subjecting one caste of persons to a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01027-00245233-00245577 code not applicable to another it will
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01028-00245578-00245721 if adopted by the states
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01029-00245721-00245913 forever disable every one of them from
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01030-00245914-00246083 passing laws trenching upon those
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01031-00246084-00246291 fundamental rights and privileges which
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01032-00246292-00246467 pertain to citizens of the United States
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01033-00246469-00246681 and to all person who may happen to be
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01034-00246682-00246930 within their jurisdiction emphasis added
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01035-00246931-00247266 by the US Supreme Court the relationship
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01036-00247267-00247394 between the fifth and fourteenth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01037-00247396-00247575 amendments was addressed by justice
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01038-00247576-00247977 field in Wong wing V United States 1896
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01039-00247978-00248210 he observed with respect to the phrase
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01040-00248211-00248541 within its jurisdiction the term person
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01041-00248542-00248715 used in the fifth amendment is broad
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01042-00248716-00248909 enough to include any and every human
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01043-00248910-00249069 being within the jurisdiction of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01044-00249069-00249348 Republic a resident alien born is
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01045-00249348-00249540 entitled to the same protection under
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01046-00249541-00249732 the laws that a citizen is entitled to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01047-00249733-00249990 he owes obedience to the laws of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01048-00249991-00250203 country in which he is domiciled and as
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01049-00250204-00250398 a consequence he is entitled to the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01050-00250398-00250725 equal protection of those laws the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01051-00250726-00250896 contention that persons within the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01052-00250896-00251067 territorial jurisdiction of this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01053-00251067-00251262 Republic might be beyond the protection
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01054-00251263-00251430 of the law was heard with pain on the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01055-00251431-00251676 argument at the bar in face of the great
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01056-00251677-00251892 constitutional amendment which declares
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01057-00251892-00252057 that no state shall deny to any person
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01058-00252058-00252231 within its jurisdiction the equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01059-00252232-00252555 protection of the laws the Supreme Court
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01060-00252556-00252707 also decided whether foreign
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01061-00252708-00252888 corporations are also within the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01062-00252889-00253073 jurisdiction of a state ruling that a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01063-00253075-00253266 foreign corporation which sued in a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01064-00253267-00253455 state court in which it was not licensed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01065-00253456-00253641 to do business to recover possession of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01066-00253642-00253830 property wrongfully taken from it in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01067-00253831-00253953 another state was within the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01068-00253954-00254154 jurisdiction and could not be subjected
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01069-00254155-00254337 to unequal burdens in the maintenance of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01070-00254338-00254580 the suit when a state has admitted a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01071-00254581-00254739 foreign corporation to do business
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01072-00254740-00254967 within its borders that corporation is
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01073-00254967-00255167 entitled to equal protection of the laws
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01074-00255169-00255383 but not necessarily to identical
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01075-00255384-00255579 treatment with domestic corporations in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01076-00255580-00255857 Santa Clara County V Southern Pacific
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01077-00255858-00256155 Railroad 1886 the court reporter
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01078-00256156-00256350 included a statement by Chief Justice
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01079-00256351-00256565 Morrison wait in the decisions headnote
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01080-00256566-00256830 the court does not wish to hear argument
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01081-00256831-00257007 on the question whether the provision in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01082-00257008-00257219 the 14th amendment to the Constitution
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01083-00257221-00257394 which forbids a state to deny to any
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01084-00257394-00257589 person within its jurisdiction the equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01085-00257590-00257810 protection of the laws applies to these
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01086-00257811-00258092 corporations we are all of the opinion
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01087-00258094-00258351 that it does this dictum which
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01088-00258352-00258552 established that corporations enjoyed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01089-00258553-00258705 personhood under the Equal Protection
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01090-00258706-00258942 Clause was repeatedly reaffirmed by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01091-00258942-00259221 later courts it remained the predominant
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01092-00259221-00259419 view throughout the 20th century though
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01093-00259419-00259569 it was challenged in dissents by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01094-00259569-00259796 justices such as hugo black and William
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01095-00259798-00260214 O Douglas between 1890 and 1910 14th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01096-00260215-00260403 amendment cases involving corporations
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01097-00260404-00260640 vastly outnumbered those involving the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01098-00260641-00260729 rights of blacks
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01099-00260730-00261032 288 to 19 in the decades following the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01100-00261033-00261225 adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01101-00261226-00261419 Supreme Court overturned laws barring
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01102-00261421-00261726 blacks from juries strauder V West
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01103-00261727-00262010 Virginia 1880 or discriminating against
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01104-00262011-00262212 Chinese Americans in the regulation of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01105-00262213-00262529 laundry businesses Yakub o V Hopkins
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01106-00262530-00262797 1886 as violations of the Equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01107-00262798-00262913 Protection Clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01108-00262914-00263364 however in Plessy v Ferguson 1896 the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01109-00263365-00263541 Supreme Court held that the states could
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01110-00263542-00263724 impose segregation so long as they
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01111-00263725-00263937 provided similar facilities the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01112-00263938-00264060 formation of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01113-00264061-00264330 separate-but-equal doctrine the court
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01114-00264331-00264495 went even further in restricting the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01115-00264496-00264702 equal protection clause in Berea College
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01116-00264703-00265092 V Kentucky 1908 holding that the states
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01117-00265093-00265242 could force private actors to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01118-00265243-00265437 discriminate by prohibiting colleges
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01119-00265438-00265578 from having both black and white
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01120-00265579-00265905 students by the early 20th century the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01121-00265906-00266073 Equal Protection Clause had been
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01122-00266074-00266232 eclipsed to the point that justice
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01123-00266233-00266433 Oliver Wendell Holmes jr. dismissed it
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01124-00266434-00266651 as the usual last resort of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01125-00266652-00267021 constitutional arguments the court held
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01126-00267022-00267330 to the separate but equal doctrine for
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01127-00267331-00267507 more than 50 years despite numerous
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01128-00267508-00267717 cases in which the Court itself had
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01129-00267718-00267855 found that the segregated facilities
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01130-00267856-00268095 provided by the states were almost never
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01131-00268096-00268451 equal until Brown v Board of Education
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01132-00268452-00268734 1954 reached the court in Brown the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01133-00268735-00268914 court ruled that even if segregated
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01134-00268915-00269106 black and white schools were of equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01135-00269107-00269291 quality and facilities and teachers
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01136-00269292-00269526 segregation was inherently harmful to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01137-00269527-00269657 black students and so was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01138-00269658-00269904 unconstitutional Brown met with a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01139-00269905-00270069 campaign of resistance from white
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01140-00270070-00270246 Southerners and for decades the federal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01141-00270247-00270429 courts attempted to enforce Browns
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01142-00270430-00270618 mandate against repeated attempts at
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01143-00270619-00270855 circumvention this resulted in the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01144-00270856-00271050 controversial disaggregation busing
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01145-00271051-00271272 decrees handed down by federal courts in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01146-00271273-00271542 various parts of the nation in parents
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01147-00271543-00271791 involved in community schools V Seattle
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01148-00271792-00272094 School District number one 2007 the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01149-00272095-00272265 court ruled that race could not be the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01150-00272266-00272460 determinative factor in determining to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01151-00272461-00272619 which public schools parents may
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01152-00272620-00272939 transfer their children in Plyler V doe
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01153-00272940-00273198 1982 the Supreme Court struck down a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01154-00273199-00273414 Texas statute denying free public
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01155-00273415-00273594 education to illegal immigrants as a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01156-00273595-00273798 violation of the Equal Protection Clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01157-00273799-00273963 of the Fourteenth Amendment because
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01158-00273964-00274167 discrimination on the basis of illegal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01159-00274168-00274356 immigration status did not further a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01160-00274357-00274614 substantial state interest the court
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01161-00274615-00274794 reasoned that illegal aliens and their
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01162-00274795-00274959 children though not citizens of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01163-00274960-00275223 United States or Texas are people in any
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01164-00275224-00275508 ordinary sense of the term and therefore
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01165-00275509-00275703 are afforded Fourteenth Amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01166-00275704-00276105 protections in Hernandez v Texas 1954
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01167-00276106-00276261 the court held that the Fourteenth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01168-00276262-00276426 Amendment protects those beyond the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01169-00276427-00276689 racial classes of white or Negro and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01170-00276690-00276924 extends to other racial and ethnic
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01171-00276925-00277155 groups such as mexican-americans in this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01172-00277156-00277437 case in the half century following brown
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01173-00277438-00277614 the Court extended the reach of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01174-00277615-00277782 Equal Protection Clause to other
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01175-00277783-00278019 historically disadvantaged groups such
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01176-00278020-00278169 as women and illegitimate children
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01177-00278170-00278367 although it has applied a somewhat less
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01178-00278368-00278538 stringent standard than it has applied
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01179-00278539-00278721 to governmental discrimination on the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01180-00278722-00279083 basis of race United States v Virginia
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01181-00279084-00279555 1996 Levy V Louisiana 1968 the Supreme
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01182-00279556-00279702 Court ruled in Regents of the University
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01183-00279703-00280110 of California v back 1978 that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01184-00280111-00280296 affirmative action in the form of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01185-00280297-00280482 racial quotas in public university
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01186-00280483-00280713 admissions was a violation of Title V of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01187-00280714-00280938 the Civil Rights Act of 1964
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01188-00280939-00281124 however race could be used as one of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01189-00281125-00281340 several factors without violating of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01190-00281341-00281567 Equal Protection Clause or Title V in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01191-00281568-00281967 gratz V Bollinger 2003 and Grutter V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01192-00281968-00282294 Bollinger 2003 the court considered to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01193-00282295-00282492 race-conscious admission systems at the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01194-00282493-00282774 University of Michigan the university
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01195-00282775-00282945 claimed that its goal in its admission
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01196-00282946-00283128 systems was to achieve racial diversity
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01197-00283129-00283401 in gratz the Court struck down a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01198-00283402-00283608 points-based undergraduate admissions
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01199-00283609-00283797 system that added points for minority
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01200-00283798-00283959 status finding that its rigidity
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01201-00283960-00284199 violated the Equal Protection Clause in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01202-00284200-00284343 Grutter the court upheld a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01203-00284344-00284541 race-conscious admissions process for
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01204-00284542-00284724 the university's law school that used
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01205-00284725-00284901 race as one of many factors to determine
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01206-00284902-00285258 admission in Fisher v University of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01207-00285259-00285531 Texas 2013 the court ruled that before
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01208-00285532-00285687 race can be used in a public
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01209-00285688-00285912 universities admission policy there must
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01210-00285913-00286125 be no workable race-neutral alternative
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01211-00286126-00286413 in shooty v coalition to defend
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01212-00286414-00286704 affirmative action 2014 the court upheld
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01213-00286705-00286887 the constitutionality of a state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01214-00286888-00287103 constitutional prohibition on the state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01215-00287104-00287316 or local use of affirmative action Reed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01216-00287317-00287709 V Reed 1971 which struck down an Idaho
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01217-00287710-00287937 probate law favoring men was the first
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01218-00287938-00288108 decision in which the court ruled that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01219-00288109-00288354 arbitrary gender discrimination violated
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01220-00288355-00288648 the Equal Protection Clause in Craig V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01221-00288649-00288942 Boren 1976 the court ruled that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01222-00288943-00289152 statutory or administrative sex
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01223-00289153-00289359 classifications had to be subjected to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01224-00289360-00289551 an intermediate standard of judicial
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01225-00289552-00289833 review Reid and Craig later served as
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01226-00289834-00290007 precedents to strike down a number of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01227-00290008-00290202 state laws discriminating by gender
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01228-00290203-00290595 since Westbury V Sanders 1964 and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01229-00290596-00290964 Reynolds V Sims 1964 the Supreme Court
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01230-00290965-00291090 has interpreted the Equal Protection
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01231-00291091-00291318 Clause as requiring the states to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01232-00291319-00291492 apportion their congressional districts
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01233-00291493-00291696 and state legislative seats according to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01234-00291697-00292056 one man one vote the court has also
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01235-00292057-00292275 struck down redistricting plans in which
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01236-00292276-00292563 race was a key consideration in Shaw V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01237-00292564-00292929 Reno 1993 the court prohibited a North
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01238-00292930-00293166 Carolina plan aimed at creating majority
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01239-00293167-00293355 black districts to balance historic
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01240-00293356-00293520 under-representation in the state's
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01241-00293521-00293688 congressional delegations
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01242-00293689-00293874 Equal Protection Clause served as the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01243-00293875-00294159 basis for the decision in Bush v Gore
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01244-00294160-00294401 2000 in which the court ruled that no
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01245-00294402-00294594 constitutionally valid recount of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01246-00294595-00294816 Florida's votes in the 2000 presidential
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01247-00294817-00295008 election could be held within the needed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01248-00295009-00295173 deadline the decision effectively
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01249-00295174-00295383 secured Bush's victory in the disputed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01250-00295384-00295617 election in League of United Latin
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01251-00295618-00296013 American citizens V Perry 2006 the court
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01252-00296014-00296184 ruled that House Majority Leader Tom
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01253-00296185-00296394 delays Texas redistricting plan
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01254-00296395-00296559 intentionally diluted the votes of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01255-00296560-00296733 Latinos and thus violated the Equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01256-00296734-00297139 Protection Clause
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01257-00297140-00297692 topic state actor doctrine
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01258-00297693-00297924 individual liberties guaranteed by the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01259-00297925-00298146 United States Constitution other than
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01260-00298147-00298350 the 13th Amendment's ban on slavery
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01261-00298351-00298569 protect not against actions by private
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01262-00298570-00298764 persons or entities but only against
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01263-00298765-00298913 actions by government officials
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01264-00298914-00299217 regarding the 14th amendment the Supreme
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01265-00299218-00299649 Court ruled in Shelley V Kraemer 1948 t
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01266-00299650-00299913 he action inhibited by the first section
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01267-00299914-00300126 of the Fourteenth Amendment as only such
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01268-00300127-00300351 action as may fairly be said to be that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01269-00300352-00300663 of the states that amendment directs no
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01270-00300664-00300906 shield against merely private conduct
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01271-00300907-00301251 however discriminatory or wrongful the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01272-00301252-00301518 court added in civil rights cases 1883
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01273-00301519-00301785 it is state action of a particular
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01274-00301786-00302061 character that is prohibited individual
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01275-00302062-00302310 invasion of individual rights as not the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01276-00302311-00302601 subject-matter of the amendment it has a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01277-00302602-00302877 deeper and broader scope it nullifies
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01278-00302878-00303129 and makes void all state legislation and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01279-00303130-00303390 state action of every kind which impairs
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01280-00303391-00303585 the privileges and immunities of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01281-00303586-00303813 citizens of the United States or which
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01282-00303814-00304050 injures them in life liberty or property
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01283-00304051-00304305 without due process of law or which
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01284-00304306-00304479 denies to any of them the equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01285-00304480-00304881 protection of the laws vindication of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01286-00304882-00305058 federal constitutional rights are
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01287-00305059-00305250 limited to those situations where their
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01288-00305251-00305532 US state action meaning action of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01289-00305533-00305691 government officials who are exercising
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01290-00305692-00305964 their governmental power in ex parte
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01291-00305965-00306222 Virginia 1880 the Supreme Court found
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01292-00306223-00306393 that the prohibitions of the Fourteenth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01293-00306394-00306627 Amendment have reference to actions of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01294-00306628-00306837 the political body denominated by a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01295-00306838-00307068 state by whatever instruments or in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01296-00307069-00307293 whatever modes that action may be taken
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01297-00307294-00307608 a state acts by its legislative its
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01298-00307609-00307956 executive or its judicial authorities it
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01299-00307957-00308165 can act in no other way the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01300-00308166-00308415 constitutional provision therefore must
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01301-00308416-00308652 mean that no agency of the state or of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01302-00308653-00308847 the officers or agents by whom its
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01303-00308848-00309054 powers are exerted shall deny to any
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01304-00309055-00309279 person within its jurisdiction the equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01305-00309280-00309639 protection of the laws whoever by virtue
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01306-00309640-00309846 of public position under a state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01307-00309847-00310080 government deprives another of property
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01308-00310081-00310365 life or Liberty without due process of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01309-00310366-00310608 law or denies or takes away the equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01310-00310609-00310833 protection of the laws violates the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01311-00310834-00311004 constitutional inhibition
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01312-00311005-00311187 and as he acts in the name and for the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01313-00311188-00311364 state and is clothed with the state's
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01314-00311365-00311706 power his act is that of the state there
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01315-00311707-00311898 are however instances where people are
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01316-00311899-00312093 the victims of civil rights violations
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01317-00312094-00312297 that occur in circumstances involving
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01318-00312298-00312459 both government officials and private
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01319-00312460-00312831 actors in the 1960s the United States
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01320-00312832-00313065 Supreme Court adopted an expansive view
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01321-00313066-00313227 of state action opening the door to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01322-00313228-00313416 wide-ranging civil rights litigation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01323-00313417-00313626 against private actors when they act as
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01324-00313627-00313740 state actors ie
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01325-00313741-00313983 acts done or otherwise sanctioned in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01326-00313984-00314247 some way by the state the court found
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01327-00314248-00314406 that the state action doctrine is
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01328-00314407-00314583 equally applicable to denials of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01329-00314584-00314838 privileges or immunities due process and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01330-00314839-00315021 equal protection of the laws the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01331-00315022-00315189 critical factor in determining the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01332-00315190-00315360 existence of state action is not
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01333-00315361-00315546 governmental involvement with private
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01334-00315547-00315789 persons or private corporations but the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01335-00315790-00315960 inquiry must be whether there is a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01336-00315961-00316176 sufficiently close nexus between the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01337-00316177-00316383 state and the challenged action of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01338-00316384-00316608 regulated entity so that the action of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01339-00316609-00316815 the latter may be fairly treated as that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01340-00316816-00317121 of the state itself only by sifting
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01341-00317122-00317352 facts and weighing circumstances can the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01342-00317353-00317544 non-obvious involvement of the state and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01343-00317545-00317751 private conduct be attributed its true
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01344-00317752-00318111 significance the Supreme Court asserted
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01345-00318112-00318303 that plaintiffs must establish not only
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01346-00318304-00318642 that a private party acted under color
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01347-00318643-00318879 of the challenge statute but also that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01348-00318880-00319083 its actions are properly attributable to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01349-00319084-00319479 the state quote quote and the actions
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01350-00319480-00319611 are to be attributable to the state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01351-00319612-00319827 apparently only if the state compelled
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01352-00319828-00320007 the actions and not if the state merely
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01353-00320008-00320217 established the process through statute
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01354-00320218-00320382 or regulation under which the private
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01355-00320383-00320637 party acted the rules developed by the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01356-00320638-00320835 Supreme Court for Business Regulation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01357-00320836-00321156 are that one the mere fact that a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01358-00321157-00321342 business is subject to state regulation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01359-00321343-00321573 does not by itself convert its action
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01360-00321574-00321756 into that of the state for purposes of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01361-00321757-00322050 the Fourteenth Amendment and to a state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01362-00322051-00322248 normally can be held responsible for a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01363-00322249-00322416 private decision only when it has
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01364-00322417-00322662 exercised coercive power or has provided
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01365-00322663-00322863 such significant encouragement either
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01366-00322864-00323076 overt or covert that the choice must be
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01367-00323077-00323545 deemed to be that of the state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01368-00323546-00323851 topic apportionment of representation in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01369-00323852-00324321 House of Representatives
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01370-00324322-00324672 under article 1 section 2 Clause 3 the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01371-00324673-00324888 basis of representation of each state in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01372-00324889-00325044 the House of Representatives was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01373-00325045-00325224 determined by adding three-fifths of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01374-00325225-00325419 each state's slave population to its
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01375-00325420-00325713 free population because slavery except
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01376-00325714-00325859 his punishment for crime had been
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01377-00325860-00326004 abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01378-00326005-00326214 the freed slaves would henceforth be
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01379-00326215-00326376 given full weight for purposes of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01380-00326377-00326631 apportionment this situation was a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01381-00326632-00326832 concern to the Republican leadership of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01382-00326833-00326988 Congress who worried that it would
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01383-00326989-00327156 increase the political power of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01384-00327157-00327333 former slave states even as they
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01385-00327334-00327525 continued to deny freed slaves the right
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01386-00327526-00327749 to vote two solutions were considered
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01387-00327750-00327978 reduce the congressional representation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01388-00327979-00328176 of the former slave states for example
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01389-00328177-00328428 by basing representation on the number
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01390-00328429-00328593 of legal voters rather than the number
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01391-00328594-00328896 of inhabitants guarantee freed slaves
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01392-00328897-00329250 the right to vote on January 31st 1866
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01393-00329251-00329457 the House of Representatives voted in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01394-00329458-00329658 favor of a proposed constitutional
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01395-00329659-00329823 amendment that would reduce a state's
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01396-00329824-00329982 representation in the house in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01397-00329983-00330222 proportion to which that state used race
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01398-00330223-00330498 or color as a basis to deny the right to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01399-00330499-00330765 vote in that state the amendment failed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01400-00330766-00330954 in the Senate partly because Radical
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01401-00330955-00331155 Republicans foresaw that states would be
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01402-00331156-00331334 able to use ostensibly race neutral
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01403-00331335-00331569 criteria such as educational and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01404-00331570-00331733 property qualifications to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01405-00331734-00331934 disenfranchise the freed slaves without
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01406-00331935-00332178 negative consequence so the amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01407-00332179-00332379 was changed to penalize states in which
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01408-00332380-00332565 the vote was denied to male citizens
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01409-00332566-00332754 over 21 for any reason other than
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01410-00332755-00333042 participation in crime later the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01411-00333043-00333216 Fifteenth Amendment was adopted to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01412-00333217-00333372 guarantee the right to vote could not be
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01413-00333373-00333687 denied based on race or color the effect
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01414-00333688-00333866 of section 2 was twofold
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01415-00333867-00334119 although the three-fifths Clause was not
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01416-00334120-00334310 formally repealed it was effectively
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01417-00334311-00334557 removed from the Constitution in the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01418-00334558-00334742 words of the Supreme Court in LT V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01419-00334743-00335108 Wilkins section 2 abrogated so much of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01420-00335109-00335333 the corresponding Clause of the original
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01421-00335334-00335505 Constitution has counted only
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01422-00335506-00335948 three-fifths of such persons slaves
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01423-00335949-00336173 it was intended to penalize by means of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01424-00336174-00336326 reduced congressional representation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01425-00336327-00336557 states that withheld the franchise from
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01426-00336558-00336764 adult male citizens for any reason other
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01427-00336765-00337058 than participation in crime this it was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01428-00337059-00337229 hoped would induce the former slave
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01429-00337230-00337435 states to recognize the political rights
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01430-00337436-00337616 of the former slaves without directly
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01431-00337617-00337853 forcing them to do so something that it
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01432-00337854-00338368 was thought the states would not accept
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01433-00338369-00338782 pick enforcement
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01434-00338783-00339001 the first reapportionment after the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01435-00339002-00339211 enactment of the 14th amendment occurred
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01436-00339212-00339570 in 1873 based on the 1870 census
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01437-00339571-00339802 Congress appears to have attempted to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01438-00339803-00340024 enforce the provisions of section 2 but
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01439-00340025-00340177 was unable to identify enough
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01440-00340178-00340348 disenfranchised voters to make a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01441-00340349-00340513 difference to any state's representation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01442-00340514-00340807 in the implementing statute Congress
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01443-00340808-00341008 added a provision stating that should
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01444-00341009-00341188 any state after the passage of this act
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01445-00341189-00341410 deny or abridge the right of any of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01446-00341411-00341662 male inhabitants of such state being 21
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01447-00341663-00341881 years of age and citizens of the United
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01448-00341882-00342079 States to vote at any election named in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01449-00342080-00342244 the amendments to the Constitution
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01450-00342245-00342514 article 14 section 2 except for
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01451-00342515-00342691 participation in rebellion or other
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01452-00342692-00342858 crime the number of Representatives
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01453-00342859-00343078 apportioned in this act to such state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01454-00343079-00343270 shall be reduced in the proportion which
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01455-00343271-00343456 the number of such male citizens shall
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01456-00343457-00343582 have to the whole number of male
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01457-00343583-00343861 citizens 21 years of age in such state a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01458-00343862-00344137 nearly identical provision remains in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01459-00344138-00344332 federal law to this day despite this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01460-00344333-00344487 legislation in subsequent
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01461-00344488-00344707 reapportionments no change has ever been
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01462-00344708-00344845 made to any States congressional
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01463-00344846-00345040 representation on the basis of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01464-00345041-00345367 amendment Bonfield writing in 1960
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01465-00345368-00345682 suggested that t he hot political nature
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01466-00345683-00345907 of such proposals has doomed them to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01467-00345908-00346201 failure aided by this lack of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01468-00346202-00346417 enforcement southern states continued to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01469-00346418-00346639 use pretext to prevent many blacks from
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01470-00346640-00346801 voting until the passage of the Voting
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01471-00346802-00347077 Rights Act of 1965 in the Fourth Circuit
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01472-00347078-00347446 case of Sanders V Wilkins 1945 Sanders
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01473-00347447-00347602 claimed that Virginia should have its
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01474-00347603-00347782 congressional representation reduced
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01475-00347783-00347974 because of its use of the poll tax and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01476-00347975-00348229 other voting restrictions the plaintiff
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01477-00348230-00348379 sued for the right to run for Congress
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01478-00348380-00348577 at large in the state rather than in one
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01479-00348578-00348751 of its designated congressional
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01480-00348752-00349024 districts the lawsuit was dismissed as a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01481-00349025-00349472 political question
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01482-00349473-00350027 Papik influence some have argued that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01483-00350028-00350255 section two was implicitly repealed by
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01484-00350256-00350434 the Fifteenth Amendment but the Supreme
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01485-00350435-00350603 Court acknowledged the provisions of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01486-00350604-00350813 section two in some later decisions in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01487-00350814-00351052 miner V happersett
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01488-00351053-00351362 1875 the Supreme Court cited section 2
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01489-00351363-00351535 is supporting its conclusion that the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01490-00351536-00351670 right to vote was not among the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01491-00351671-00351976 privileges and immunities of citizenship
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01492-00351977-00352280 protected by section 1 in Richardson V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01493-00352281-00352649 Ramirez 1974 the court cited section 2
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01494-00352650-00352785 as justifying the state's
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01495-00352786-00353063 disenfranchising felons in Hunter V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01496-00353064-00353377 Underwood 1985 a case involving
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01497-00353378-00353606 disenfranchising black misdemeanants the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01498-00353607-00353789 Supreme Court concluded that the Tenth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01499-00353790-00353981 Amendment cannot save legislation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01500-00353982-00354164 prohibited by the subsequently enacted
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01501-00354165-00354443 Fourteenth Amendment more specifically
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01502-00354444-00354638 the court concluded that laws passed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01503-00354639-00354833 with a discriminatory purpose are not
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01504-00354834-00355031 accepted from the operation of the Equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01505-00355032-00355273 Protection Clause by the other crime
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01506-00355274-00355538 provision of section 2 the court held
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01507-00355539-00355763 that section 2 was not designed to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01508-00355764-00355931 permit the purposeful racial
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01509-00355932-00356156 discrimination
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01510-00356157-00356432 which otherwise violates section 1 of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01511-00356433-00356923 the 14th amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01512-00356924-00357432 topic criticism
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01513-00357433-00357658 abolitionist leaders criticized the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01514-00357659-00357832 amendments failure to specifically
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01515-00357833-00358021 prohibit the states from denying people
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01516-00358022-00358207 the right to vote on the basis of race
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01517-00358208-00358405 section 2 protects the right to vote
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01518-00358406-00358633 only of adult males not adult females
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01519-00358634-00358813 making it the only provision of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01520-00358814-00359035 Constitution to explicitly discriminate
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01521-00359036-00359311 on the basis of sex section 2 was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01522-00359312-00359536 condemned by women suffragists such as
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01523-00359537-00359740 Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01524-00359741-00359938 Anthony who had long seen their causes
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01525-00359939-00360160 linked to that of black rights the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01526-00360161-00360367 separation of black civil rights from
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01527-00360368-00360532 women's civil rights split the two
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01528-00360533-00360943 movements for decades
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01529-00360944-00361522 topic participants in rebellion
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01530-00361523-00361790 section three prohibits the election or
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01531-00361791-00361943 appointment to any federal or state
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01532-00361944-00362177 office of any person who had held any of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01533-00362178-00362366 certain offices and then engaged in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01534-00362367-00362584 insurrection rebellion or treason
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01535-00362585-00362858 however a two-thirds vote by each house
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01536-00362859-00363014 of the Congress can override this
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01537-00363015-00363380 limitation in 1898 the Congress enacted
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01538-00363381-00363560 a general removal of section threes
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01539-00363561-00363941 limitation in 1975 the citizenship of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01540-00363942-00364229 Confederate General Robert E Lee was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01541-00364230-00364355 restored by a Joint Congressional
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01542-00364356-00364748 resolution retroactive to June 13 1865
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01543-00364749-00365129 in 1978 pursuant to section 3 the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01544-00365130-00365306 Congress posthumously removed the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01545-00365307-00365441 service banned from Confederate
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01546-00365442-00365702 President Jefferson Davis section 3 was
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01547-00365703-00365885 used to prevent Socialist Party of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01548-00365886-00366125 America member Victor L Berger convicted
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01549-00366126-00366326 of violating the Espionage Act for his
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01550-00366327-00366521 anti-militarist views from taking his
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01551-00366522-00366707 seat in the House of Representatives in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01552-00366708-00367194 1919 and 1920
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01553-00367195-00367772 topic validity of public debt
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01554-00367773-00368040 section four confirmed the legitimacy of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01555-00368041-00368229 all public debt appropriated by the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01556-00368230-00368508 Congress it also confirmed that neither
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01557-00368509-00368718 the United States nor any state would
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01558-00368719-00368916 pay for the loss of slaves or debts that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01559-00368917-00369183 had been incurred by the Confederacy for
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01560-00369184-00369393 example during the Civil War several
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01561-00369394-00369588 British and French banks had lent large
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01562-00369589-00369768 sums of money to the Confederacy to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01563-00369769-00369968 support its war against the Union in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01564-00369969-00370398 Perry v United States 1935 the Supreme
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01565-00370399-00370623 Court ruled that under Section 4 voiding
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01566-00370624-00370851 a United States bond went beyond the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01567-00370852-00371100 congressional power the debt ceiling
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01568-00371101-00371409 crises of 2011 and 2013 raised the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01569-00371410-00371559 question of what is the president's
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01570-00371560-00371844 authority under Section 4 some such as
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01571-00371845-00372093 legal scholar Garrett Epps fiscal expert
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01572-00372094-00372300 Bruce Bartlett and Treasury Secretary
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01573-00372301-00372510 Timothy Geithner have argued that a debt
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01574-00372511-00372714 ceiling may be unconstitutional and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01575-00372715-00372912 therefore void as long as it interferes
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01576-00372913-00373077 with the duty of the government to pay
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01577-00373078-00373272 interest on outstanding bonds and to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01578-00373273-00373464 make payments owed to pensioners that is
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01579-00373465-00373683 Social Security and railroad retirement
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01580-00373684-00373959 Act recipients legal analyst Jeffrey
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01581-00373960-00374214 Rosen has argued that section 4 gives
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01582-00374215-00374415 the president unilateral authority to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01583-00374416-00374577 raise or ignore the national debt
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01584-00374578-00374730 ceiling and that if challenged the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01585-00374731-00374925 Supreme Court would likely rule in favor
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01586-00374926-00375171 of expanded executive power or dismissed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01587-00375172-00375377 the case altogether for lack of standing
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01588-00375378-00375687 Berwyn Chemerinsky professor and dean at
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01589-00375688-00375912 University of California Irvine School
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01590-00375913-00376122 of Law has argued that not even in a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01591-00376123-00376431 dire financial emergency could the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01592-00376432-00376602 president raise the debt ceiling as
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01593-00376603-00376863 there is no reasonable way to interpret
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01594-00376864-00377079 the Constitution that allows him to do
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01595-00377080-00377177 so
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01596-00377178-00377439 Jack balcan knight professor of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01597-00377440-00377550 constitutional law
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01598-00377551-00377751 yell university opined that like
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01599-00377752-00377925 congress the president is bound by the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01600-00377926-00378126 Fourteenth Amendment for otherwise he
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01601-00378127-00378297 could violate any part of the amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01602-00378298-00378528 that will because the president must
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01603-00378529-00378741 obey the section 4 requirement not to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01604-00378742-00378933 put the validity of the public debt into
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01605-00378934-00379146 question valken argued that president
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01606-00379147-00379440 obama is obliged to prioritize incoming
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01607-00379441-00379680 revenues to pay the public debt interest
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01608-00379681-00379923 on government bonds and any other vested
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01609-00379924-00380232 obligations what falls into the latter
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01610-00380233-00380499 category is not entirely clear but a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01611-00380500-00380679 large number of other government
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01612-00380680-00380976 obligations and certainly payments for
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01613-00380977-00381225 future services would not count and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01614-00381226-00381384 would have to be sacrificed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01615-00381385-00381693 this might include for example Social
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01616-00381694-00382159 Security payments
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01617-00382160-00382703 topic power of enforcement
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01618-00382704-00382935 Section five also known as the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01619-00382936-00383106 enforcement Clause of the Fourteenth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01620-00383107-00383328 Amendment enables Congress to pass laws
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01621-00383329-00383475 enforcing the amendments other
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01622-00383476-00383720 provisions in the civil rights cases
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01623-00383721-00383967 1883 the Supreme Court interpreted
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01624-00383968-00384243 section five narrowly stating that the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01625-00384244-00384495 legislation which Congress is authorized
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01626-00384496-00384744 to adopt in this behalf as not general
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01627-00384745-00384939 legislation upon the rights of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01628-00384940-00385220 citizen but corrective legislation in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01629-00385221-00385503 other words the amendment authorizes
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01630-00385504-00385710 Congress to pass laws only to combat
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01631-00385711-00385911 violations of the rights protected in
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01632-00385912-00386243 other sections in Katzenbach V Morgan
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01633-00386244-00386571 1966 the court upheld section 4 E of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01634-00386572-00386832 Voting Rights Act of 1965 which
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01635-00386833-00387015 prohibits certain forms of literacy
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01636-00387016-00387222 requirements as a condition to vote as a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01637-00387223-00387411 valid exercise of congressional power
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01638-00387412-00387651 under Section 5 to enforce the Equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01639-00387652-00387915 Protection Clause the court ruled that
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01640-00387916-00388137 section 5 enabled Congress to act both
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01641-00388138-00388329 remedial ii and prophylactically to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01642-00388330-00388479 protect the rights guaranteed by the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01643-00388480-00388781 amendment however in City of Boerne V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01644-00388782-00389073 Flores 1997 the court narrowed
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01645-00389074-00389292 Congress's enforcement power holding
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01646-00389293-00389442 that Congress may not enact legislation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01647-00389443-00389670 under Section 5 that substantively
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01648-00389671-00389931 defines or interprets 14th Amendment
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01649-00389932-00390201 rights the court ruled that legislation
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01650-00390202-00390444 is valid under Section 5 only if there
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01651-00390445-00390560 is a congruence and proportionality
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01652-00390561-00390804 between the injury to a person's
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01653-00390805-00390978 Fourteenth Amendment right and the means
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01654-00390979-00391179 Congress adopted to prevent or remedy
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01655-00391180-00391485 that injury topic selected Supreme Court
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01656-00391486-00391749 cases topic citizenship topic privileges
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01657-00391750-00392004 or immunities topic incorporation topic
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01658-00392005-00392223 substantive due process topic equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01659-00392224-00392361 protection topic felon
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01660-00392362-00392693 disenfranchisement 1974 Richardson V
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01661-00392694-00393123 Ramirez 1985 Hunter V Underwood topic
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01662-00393124-00393324 power of enforcement topic see also
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01663-00393325-00393552 United States constitutional Criminal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01664-00393553-00393825 Procedure United States labor law topic
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01665-00393826-00393969 references topic notes
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01666-00393970-00394197 topics citations topic bibliography
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01667-00394198-00394617 Foner Eric 1988 reconstruction America's
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01668-00394618-00395069 unfinished revolution 1863 to 1877
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01669-00395070-00395409 harpercollins ISBN nine trillion seven
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01670-00395410-00395616 hundred eighty billion 62 million
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01671-00395617-00395781 thirty-five thousand eight hundred
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01672-00395782-00395895 sixty-eight
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01673-00395896-00396228 preview Goldstone Lawrence 2011
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01674-00396229-00396495 inherently unequal the betrayal of equal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01675-00396496-00396878 rights by the Supreme Court 1865 to 1903
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01676-00396879-00397344 Walker & Company ISBN nine trillion 780
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01677-00397345-00397566 billion eight hundred two million seven
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01678-00397567-00397752 hundred seventeen thousand nine hundred
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01679-00397753-00398097 twenty four preview Graber mark a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01680-00398098-00398409 November 2012 subtraction by addition
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01681-00398410-00398703 the 13th and 14th Amendment's Columbia
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01682-00398704-00399333 Law Review 112 750 no.1 - 1549 JSTOR
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01683-00399334-00399546 forty-one million seven hundred eight
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01684-00399547-00399731 thousand one hundred fifty seven
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01685-00399732-00399981 archived from the original on November
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01686-00399982-00400127 17th 2015
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01687-00400128-00400581 PDF cipher avium November 2012 federal
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01688-00400582-00400827 protection paternalism and the virtually
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01689-00400828-00401007 forgotten prohibition of voluntary
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01690-00401008-00401517 peonage Columbia Law Review 112 7 1607
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01691-00401518-00401985 to 1639 JSTOR 41 million seven hundred
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01692-00401986-00402336 eight thousand 160 archived from the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01693-00402337-00402792 original on November 17 2015 PDF topic
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01694-00402793-00403074 further reading Vagan David s April 30th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01695-00403075-00403398 2003 privileges and immunities a
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01696-00403399-00403557 reference guide to the United States
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01697-00403558-00403886 Constitution Greenwood Publishing Group
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01698-00403887-00404172 ISBN nine trillion seven hundred eighty
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01699-00404173-00404364 billion three hundred thirteen million
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01700-00404365-00404571 three hundred thirteen thousand four
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01701-00404572-00404889 hundred seventy nine retrieved March 19
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01702-00404890-00404979 2013
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01703-00404980-00405393 Garber mark a 2011 forward plus or minus
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01704-00405394-00405558 one the thirteenth and Fourteenth
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01705-00405559-00405879 Amendments Maryland Law Review special
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01706-00405880-00406077 issue symposium the Maryland
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01707-00406078-00406529 Constitutional Law schmooze 71 112 220
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01708-00406530-00406866 PDF see also symposium the Maryland
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01709-00406867-00407073 Constitutional Law schmooze special
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01710-00407074-00407214 issue of the Maryland Law Review
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01711-00407215-00407634 Halbrook Steven P 1998 Friedman the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01712-00407635-00407817 Fourteenth Amendment and the right to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01713-00407818-00408267 bear arms 1866 - 1876 Greenwood
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01714-00408268-00408645 Publishing Group ISBN nine trillion 780
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01715-00408646-00408972 billion 275 million nine hundred sixty
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01716-00408973-00409232 three thousand three hundred sixteen
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01717-00409233-00409562 retrieved March 29th 2013 at questi
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01718-00409563-00409957 attend brick Jacobus June 1951 13th
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01719-00409958-00410134 amendment to the Constitution of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01720-00410135-00410384 United States consummation - abolition
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01721-00410385-00410632 and key to the 14th amendment California
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01722-00410633-00411403 law review 39 to 171 - 203 doy 10.2 3:07
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01723-00411404-00411628 three million four hundred seventy eight
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01724-00411629-00411962 thousand thirty-three JSTOR three
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01725-00411963-00412130 million four hundred seventy eight
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01726-00412131-00412457 thousand thirty three PDF McConnell
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01727-00412458-00412943 Michael W May 1995 originalism and the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01728-00412943-00413276 disaggregation decisions Virginia Law
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01729-00413277-00413537 Review eighty one four nine four seven
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01730-00413538-00414055 one one four oh joy 10.2 3:07 1 million
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01731-00414056-00414224 seventy three thousand five hundred
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01732-00414225-00414622 thirty-nine JSTOR 1 million seventy
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01733-00414624-00414800 three thousand five hundred thirty nine
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01734-00414801-00415082 responds to McConnell Klarman Michael J
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01735-00415083-00415487 October 1995 response Brown originalism
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01736-00415488-00415787 and constitutional theory a response to
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01737-00415788-00415997 professor McConnell
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01738-00415999-00416622 Virginia law review 81 7 1881 2 1936 joy
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01739-00416622-00417366 10.2 3:07 1 million 73,000 643 JSTOR 1
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01740-00417367-00417780 million 73,000 643 response to Klarman
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01741-00417781-00418203 mcconnell michael w October 1995 reply
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01742-00418204-00418455 the originalist justification for brown
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01743-00418456-00418839 a replied to professor Klarman Virginia
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01744-00418839-00419502 law review 81 7 1937 to 1955 joy 10.2
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01745-00419503-00420147 3:07 1 million 73,000 644 JSTOR 1
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01746-00420147-00420747 million 73,000 644
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01747-00420747-00421130 topic external links
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01748-00421131-00421328 you
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01749-00421329-00421563 amendments to the Constitution of the
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01750-00421564-00422060 United States PDF GPO access archived
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01751-00422062-00422328 from the original PDF on September 18
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01752-00422329-00422847 2005 retrieved September 11 2005 PDF
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01753-00422847-00423060 providing text of amendment and dates of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01754-00423060-00423459 ratification CRS annotated Constitution
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01755-00423460-00423783 14th amendment 14th Amendment and
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01756-00423784-00423968 related resources at the Library of
+MtvZFWdtBLg-01757-00423970-00424227 Congress
+MtNTJdGaI5c-00000-00000335-00000935 sup money so I kiloton crap the other
+MtNTJdGaI5c-00001-00000936-00001406 day awesome did you watch The Bachelor
+MtNTJdGaI5c-00002-00001407-00001688 last night about happy hour kids are I
+MtNTJdGaI5c-00003-00001689-00001913 remember being that happy you are just
+MtNTJdGaI5c-00004-00001914-00002699 moving out all over the place I can see
+MtNTJdGaI5c-00005-00002700-00002990 your son out here not today dawg I'm
+MtNTJdGaI5c-00006-00002991-00003229 flying solo do you hope your son is
+MtNTJdGaI5c-00007-00003230-00003419 straight oh absolutely hundred percent
+MtNTJdGaI5c-00008-00003420-00003776 guess well it's still hella weird okay
+MtNTJdGaI5c-00009-00003777-00004420 not gonna say hella yes it's amazing I
+MtNTJdGaI5c-00010-00004421-00005109 sounds amazing
+MtNTJdGaI5c-00011-00005110-00005568 I feel so cool
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00000-00000024-00000262 do you ever feel like you're
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00001-00000263-00000478 not good enough
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00002-00000479-00000719 don't everything you see on this the
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00003-00000720-00000999 computer the mobile phone the
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00004-00001000-00001223 tv everything
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00005-00001224-00001415 it's not real there's a good chance you
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00006-00001416-00001702 have the instagram app on your phone and
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00007-00001703-00001942 there's also a good chance that you've
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00008-00001943-00002231 uploaded photos onto your instagram
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00009-00002232-00002463 account i know i have instagram is
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00010-00002464-00002758 probably the biggest photo sharing
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00011-00002759-00002958 social media site
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00012-00002959-00003254 and you have instant access to millions
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00013-00003255-00003470 of photos taken by
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00014-00003471-00003654 millions of photographers it's a great
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00015-00003655-00003870 way of seeing what people have captured
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00016-00003871-00004151 but how much do you see
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00017-00004152-00004454 that people have actually captured take
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00018-00004455-00004606 a little look at these photos for a
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00019-00004607-00004975 minute these are three photos which have
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00020-00004976-00005286 gained thousands and thousands of likes
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00021-00005287-00005431 on instagram
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00022-00005432-00005567 why
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00023-00005568-00005767 well i'm assuming it's because people
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00024-00005768-00005991 think they look good you see if you like
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00025-00005992-00006231 them or not there's no doubt that they
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00026-00006232-00006486 have gained a lot of attention
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00027-00006487-00006719 from lots of people but if i was to go
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00028-00006720-00006895 out now
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00029-00006895-00007055 with my camera
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00030-00007056-00007431 and try and take photos like those
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00031-00007431-00007631 i couldn't that's because
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00032-00007631-00007839 they're not real you see there's two
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00033-00007840-00008006 techniques which are used by
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00034-00008008-00008255 photographers to achieve results similar
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00035-00008256-00008407 to the ones that you've just seen right
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00036-00008408-00008583 here the first
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00037-00008584-00008710 everybody knows
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00038-00008711-00009014 of course it's photo editing or post
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00039-00009015-00009310 processing the other is less known but
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00040-00009311-00009623 is still used by a select few
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00041-00009624-00009927 and that's compositing this is kind of a
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00042-00009928-00010191 special form of photo editing where you
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00043-00010192-00010455 get multiple photos and bring them
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00044-00010456-00010719 together to create one
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00045-00010720-00010967 pretty amazing looking photo both of
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00046-00010968-00011223 these processes don't happen
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00047-00011224-00011495 in your camera but they do happen in the
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00048-00011496-00011623 computer
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00049-00011624-00011783 in your phone
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00050-00011784-00011951 or in the tablet nearly every
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00051-00011952-00012183 professional photo that you've seen has
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00052-00012184-00012423 probably been edited
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00053-00012424-00012591 think of pictures of your favorite
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00054-00012592-00012886 singers in magazines even friends that
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00055-00012887-00013079 you follow on social media they've all
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00056-00013080-00013311 had either filters added skins being
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00057-00013312-00013583 smoothed or some kind of color
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00058-00013584-00013775 correction has happened all of them have
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00059-00013776-00013911 been edited
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00060-00013912-00014151 with the intention to improve the
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00061-00014152-00014463 original photo i hear the words often i
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00062-00014463-00014735 can never take photos that good
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00063-00014736-00014847 and you're right
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00064-00014847-00015175 you can't but you can create images that
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00065-00015176-00015415 look that good if you like the look of
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00066-00015416-00015679 these images then you need to start
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00067-00015680-00015991 spending as much time learning editing
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00068-00015991-00016222 as you do learning photography because
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00069-00016223-00016479 your passions not just in photography
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00070-00016480-00016679 it's just as much photo editing or
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00071-00016680-00016894 compositing and it must be said that
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00072-00016895-00017207 there actually is a lot of skill in
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00073-00017208-00017375 editing photos
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00074-00017376-00017599 if done well there's also photographers
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00075-00017600-00017879 out there that call themselves
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00076-00017880-00018071 natural photographers which like to
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00077-00018072-00018367 capture the photo and make no changes to
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00078-00018368-00018591 it what they see in the camera is what
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00079-00018592-00018799 they display and this
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00080-00018800-00019014 is a beautiful way of doing it it's
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00081-00019015-00019255 important to remember that whichever way
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00082-00019256-00019463 that you choose whichever style you
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00083-00019464-00019719 prefer there's no right or wrong it's
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00084-00019720-00019975 all about personal preference
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00085-00019976-00020214 and personal expression hearing many
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00086-00020215-00020439 complaints that if you display your
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00087-00020440-00020711 photos straight from the camera on sites
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00088-00020712-00020999 like instagram without editing them they
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00089-00021000-00021399 can get lost in a sea of enhanced photos
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00090-00021400-00021543 and it's true
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00091-00021544-00021758 they probably will what i would say to
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00092-00021759-00021975 that is though
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00093-00021976-00022230 stop trying to appeal to the people
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00094-00022231-00022407 that like chocolate
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00095-00022408-00022558 instead
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00096-00022559-00022799 appeal to those who like
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00097-00022800-00023103 vegetables there are many groups niches
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00098-00023104-00023294 or forums which have similar-minded
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00099-00023295-00023422 people so
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00100-00023423-00023591 don't try and appeal
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00101-00023592-00023758 to the wrong audience it's really
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00102-00023759-00023935 important to remember
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00103-00023936-00024247 what is real what's unreal achievable
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00104-00024248-00024503 and unachievable this doesn't just apply
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00105-00024504-00024678 to photographers actually think of
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00106-00024679-00024903 people who idolize celebrities and want
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00107-00024904-00025063 to look like them because the
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00108-00025064-00025222 celebrities
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00109-00025223-00025439 may have had body or face enhancements
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00110-00025440-00025655 in their photos so these people are
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00111-00025656-00025911 trying essentially to look like they're
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00112-00025912-00026183 role models through impossible
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00113-00026183-00026343 and potentially
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00114-00026344-00026590 really dangerous means awareness is the
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00115-00026591-00026831 key and the more awareness of what's
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00116-00026832-00027055 real and not real the better people will
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00117-00027056-00027158 feel
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00118-00027160-00027335 and the better choices
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00119-00027336-00027567 people will make this has been a
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00120-00027568-00027823 completely different video from me today
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00121-00027824-00027895 i
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00122-00027895-00028079 hope you enjoyed it
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00123-00028080-00028279 occasionally i make these kind of videos
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00124-00028280-00028470 and put them out there because
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00125-00028472-00028823 i think in some way it might help people
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00126-00028824-00028983 especially people
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00127-00028983-00029183 that have been feeling down or finding
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00128-00029183-00029495 it hard to get going because probably
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00129-00029495-00029679 they've been comparing themselves to
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00130-00029680-00029879 others now you know
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00131-00029880-00030095 from the photography perspective that is
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00132-00030095-00030302 it's just as much editing
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00133-00030303-00030518 as it is photography if you've got this
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00134-00030519-00030799 far in the video you're a superstar and
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00135-00030800-00030951 it means you've probably enjoyed
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00136-00030952-00031214 watching the video if that's you
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00137-00031216-00031439 it would be wonderful if you hit that
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00138-00031439-00031670 like button and just help this video get
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00139-00031672-00031831 out to more people whatever you do for
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00140-00031832-00031974 the rest of the day guys
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00141-00031975-00032167 make sure it's a good one
+MvRw_sRjkW8-00142-00032168-00032512 and i'll see you in the next video
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00000-00000003-00000191 it's a great pleasure I have here a
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00001-00000192-00000419 Matthew Collis you've seen a lot of the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00002-00000420-00000605 work that he's done already earlier in
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00003-00000606-00000770 the course cuz he was the leader of the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00004-00000771-00000932 2df galaxy redshift survey and we've
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00005-00000933-00001124 seen that rotating red diagram showing
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00006-00001125-00001279 the distribution of galaxies and the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00007-00001280-00001490 motions of these things many times he's
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00008-00001491-00001705 also our director here at the moment so
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00009-00001707-00002039 Matthew welcome good to be here now
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00010-00002039-00002302 stana question we're asking is what's
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00011-00002303-00002500 been the biggest breakthrough in
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00012-00002501-00002626 astronomy since you've been a
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00013-00002627-00002858 professional astronomer well it's not so
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00014-00002859-00003074 much a single breakthrough as a
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00015-00003075-00003284 continuous stream of breakthroughs I
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00016-00003285-00003565 work in observational cosmology like
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00017-00003567-00003902 Brian and for us the field has changed
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00018-00003903-00004147 out of recognition over the 30 years
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00019-00004148-00004429 that I've been in the business when I
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00020-00004430-00004643 started out we knew nothing about dark
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00021-00004644-00004850 energy we knew nothing about dark matter
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00022-00004851-00005122 we had very little idea of what any of
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00023-00005123-00005324 the fundamental cosmological parameters
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00024-00005325-00005600 actually were and all of those things
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00025-00005601-00005909 have been changed out of sight over
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00026-00005910-00006113 those thirty years it's just been an
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00027-00006114-00006370 incredible ride for those of us involved
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00028-00006371-00006670 in this particular profession can you
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00029-00006672-00006875 identify any reason why there was this
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00030-00006876-00007114 revolution I mean did you think you got
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00031-00007115-00007495 your PhD in 1987 so in 1987 it was a
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00032-00007497-00007639 pretty murky picture we didn't know
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00033-00007640-00007823 what's going on did you think it was all
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00034-00007823-00008069 going to be this crystal clear by 2014
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00035-00008070-00008258 no I it wasn't clear to me that it was
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00036-00008259-00008480 going to be so clear but the signs were
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00037-00008481-00008612 there and I mean one of the things that
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00038-00008613-00008867 struck me immediately when I started
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00039-00008868-00009098 doing my PhD at Cambridge was the whole
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00040-00009099-00009326 CCD revolution which was just really
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00041-00009327-00009481 beginning to pick up at that point in
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00042-00009482-00009710 the early to mid 80s we suddenly went
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00043-00009711-00009989 from photographic plates to CCD
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00044-00009990-00010133 detectors and it was clear that
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00045-00010134-00010334 technology was driving observational
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00046-00010335-00010583 cosmology very rapidly indeed at that
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00047-00010584-00010831 point it was taking it far faster than
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00048-00010832-00011042 Theory could keep up and so there's been
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00049-00011043-00011255 this ongoing arms race between
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00050-00011256-00011474 observation and theory with one leap
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00051-00011475-00011717 frogging the other over time and during
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00052-00011718-00011867 that period it's always been the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00053-00011868-00012017 technology that have taken it over the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00054-00012018-00012209 satellite technology that's enabled us
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00055-00012210-00012437 to go from the ground-based measurements
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00056-00012438-00012584 the microwave background to the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00057-00012585-00012821 exquisite measurements we now have with
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00058-00012822-00013157 W map and Planck and so on and on the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00059-00013158-00013301 ground of course the increase in
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00060-00013302-00013358 telescope
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00061-00013359-00013553 at mature as well we started out for me
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00062-00013554-00013727 two telescopes were the rule using
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00063-00013728-00013943 photographic plates we now have eight
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00064-00013944-00014138 and ten meter telescopes with powerful
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00065-00014138-00014372 CCD detectors and we're about to go to
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00066-00014372-00014651 the 25 and 30 meter telescopes which
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00067-00014652-00014891 will be yet more powerful still and so
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00068-00014891-00015119 throughout technology has been the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00069-00015119-00015299 driving force and that's allowed the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00070-00015300-00015541 observational cosmologists to race out
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00071-00015543-00015743 in front make new discoveries and drag
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00072-00015744-00016046 theory along after them so let's go
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00073-00016047-00016208 through and think a little bit about the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00074-00016209-00016372 future so we're asking you to think
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00075-00016373-00016571 about let's say over the next 10 years
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00076-00016572-00016712 you've highlighted there's some new
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00077-00016713-00016988 technology what's it gonna give us do
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00078-00016989-00017153 you think it looks I want you to
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00079-00017154-00017380 forecast now we know this is hard to do
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00080-00017381-00017603 in practice but give us your best guess
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00081-00017604-00017843 10 years from now what you think you're
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00082-00017844-00017960 gonna say was the most exciting thing
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00083-00017961-00018218 over the last 10 years so what I hope
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00084-00018219-00018332 I'm going to be able to say over the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00085-00018333-00018536 last 10 years has been the most exciting
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00086-00018537-00018830 thing 10 years from now is that we'll
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00087-00018831-00019046 have actually identified the Dark Matter
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00088-00019047-00019228 particle we will actually know what it
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00089-00019229-00019439 is in fact we may even discover that
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00090-00019440-00019592 it's more than one thing that's only
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00091-00019593-00019763 Occam's razor to lead you to believe
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00092-00019764-00019940 that it's exactly one species of
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00093-00019941-00020162 particle but I hope that from laboratory
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00094-00020163-00020359 experiments we will actually know what
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00095-00020360-00020608 these things really are and that will
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00096-00020609-00020861 clean out at least one area and give us
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00097-00020862-00021140 a big clue as to things beyond the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00098-00021141-00021308 standard model of fundamental physics
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00099-00021309-00021572 right now I also hope that we'll have
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00100-00021573-00021922 nailed down exactly what the nature of
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00101-00021923-00022163 dark energy is in the Astrophysical
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00102-00022164-00022403 cosmological context in other words we
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00103-00022404-00022589 will know what the impact of dark energy
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00104-00022590-00022796 is on the evolution of the universe now
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00105-00022797-00022967 we may not understand the physical
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00106-00022968-00023249 origin precisely but we should at least
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00107-00023250-00023483 know that it behaves let us say exactly
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00108-00023484-00023741 as one would predict for a cosmological
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00109-00023742-00024019 constant and so they'll no longer be
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00110-00024020-00024169 much room for argument about that
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00111-00024170-00024534 whether or not that will lead to a real
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00112-00024535-00024767 theoretical understanding is not so
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00113-00024768-00025049 clear to me and of course 10 years from
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00114-00025050-00025180 now I'm hoping that the big new
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00115-00025181-00025358 telescopes like the giant Magellan
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00116-00025359-00025541 telescope that we're involved in here at
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00117-00025542-00025799 Anu will be up and running and I'm
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00118-00025800-00025972 hoping that those will lead to big new
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00119-00025973-00026164 breakthroughs as well one of the things
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00120-00026165-00026354 I'm hoping for there actually is not so
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00121-00026355-00026537 much in my field of observational
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00122-00026538-00026765 cosmology but in understand
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00123-00026766-00026961 planets around other stars one of the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00124-00026962-00027102 things I'm really looking forward to is
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00125-00027102-00027273 using those telescopes to probe the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00126-00027274-00027545 atmospheres of our planets actually
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00127-00027547-00027783 knowing what's in the atmosphere of
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00128-00027783-00027951 planets around other stars it's going to
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00129-00027952-00028196 be pretty fantastic and really going to
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00130-00028197-00028476 change the way people in general think
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00131-00028477-00028824 about our universe now over the next 10
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00132-00028825-00028962 years we have a fairly good idea of what
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00133-00028963-00029067 telescopes are going to be there cuz
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00134-00029068-00029171 they're all currently being designed
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00135-00029172-00029393 under construction and let's look a bit
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00136-00029394-00029526 further forwards maybe fifty or a
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00137-00029527-00029765 hundred years you've said that since
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00138-00029766-00029945 about the 1970s when the first ccd
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00139-00029947-00030087 started coming along we've had this
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00140-00030088-00030330 exponential increase our observing can
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00141-00030331-00030492 that continue I mean assisi is already
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00142-00030493-00030636 over ninety percent efficient at many
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00143-00030637-00030855 wavelengths are we going to hit some
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00144-00030856-00031020 limits I think it's gonna slow down and
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00145-00031020-00031158 maybe some other things gonna drive it
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00146-00031158-00031311 or do you think we can keep on with us
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00147-00031312-00031477 exponential increase in the performance
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00148-00031478-00031725 beyond the next ten years a fairly say
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00149-00031726-00031865 for the next ten years but when it goes
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00150-00031866-00032021 20 30 40 years of things going to slow
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00151-00032022-00032318 down no III really don't think so unless
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00152-00032319-00032543 the human race manages to make our
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00153-00032544-00032733 planet less habitable or at least less
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00154-00032733-00032964 economically viable than it currently is
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00155-00032965-00033168 I don't think technology's about to hit
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00156-00033169-00033345 the real fundamental physical limits
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00157-00033346-00033486 that exist there are some and you've
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00158-00033487-00033662 pointed out one of them already but
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00159-00033663-00033807 there are so many other areas where we
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00160-00033808-00034002 nowhere near them we're just beginning
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00161-00034003-00034293 for example to make the most of neutrino
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00162-00034294-00034443 astronomy and gravitational wave
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00163-00034444-00034605 astronomy those things are in their
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00164-00034606-00034845 complete infancy right now and a hundred
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00165-00034846-00034989 years from now I'm hoping those will be
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00166-00034990-00035175 tools that are as familiar and as common
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00167-00035176-00035376 to astronomers of that time as
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00168-00035377-00035612 electromagnetic radiation is today I
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00169-00035613-00035835 also hope that we will be doing much
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00170-00035836-00035982 more from space and that we'll be able
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00171-00035983-00036233 to get the human race up and out into
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00172-00036234-00036429 space so that we can do wonderful things
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00173-00036430-00036645 like put a giant radio telescope on the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00174-00036646-00036855 far side of the Moon we're free from
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00175-00036856-00037137 radio frequency interference and able to
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00176-00037138-00037352 do astonishing things because of the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00177-00037353-00037506 sensitivity that it will be able to
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00178-00037507-00037779 achieve I also hope that we will have
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00179-00037780-00038001 know enough about planets around other
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00180-00038002-00038252 stars that will be beginning to consider
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00181-00038253-00038460 a hundred years from now actually going
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00182-00038461-00038700 to visit some of those stars now that's
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00183-00038701-00039006 a thousand year project perhaps but I
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00184-00039007-00039162 hope that in a hundred years from now
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00185-00039163-00039357 we'll actually been able to say yes
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00186-00039358-00039576 there are targets worth visiting where
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00187-00039577-00039711 we can go and learn about other
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00188-00039712-00039911 habitable worlds maybe even world
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00189-00039912-00040208 might contain life and although I doubt
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00190-00040209-00040409 it will be me that will be taking those
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00191-00040410-00040574 journeys I certainly hope that it will
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00192-00040575-00040748 be my children or my grandchildren or
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00193-00040749-00041065 even the artificially intelligent
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00194-00041066-00041318 grandchildren of the human race who take
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00195-00041319-00041501 that journey and go out and visit the
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00196-00041502-00041818 Stars okay thank you very much
+Mwuz9i4ryYA-00197-00041819-00042068 a pleasure
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00000-00000271-00001491 [Music]
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00001-00001492-00001845 oh
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00002-00001846-00002883 [Music]
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00003-00002884-00003059 is
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00004-00003060-00003897 [Music]
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00005-00003899-00004283 [Music]
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00006-00004284-00004684 is
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00007-00004685-00005683 [Music]
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00008-00005684-00005874 oh
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00009-00005875-00007083 [Music]
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00010-00007084-00007275 oh
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00011-00007276-00007883 [Music]
+Mxdbakd_cLo-00012-00007884-00008184 oh
+MySFF6OkYKI-00000-00000000-00000240 foreign
+MySFF6OkYKI-00001-00000241-00000301 [Applause]
+MySFF6OkYKI-00002-00000302-00000755 [Music]
+MEpXEUpNodu-00000-00000062-00000329 alternative rock also called alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00001-00000330-00000584 music alt rock or simply alternative is
+MEpXEUpNodu-00002-00000585-00000790 a style of rock music that emerged from
+MEpXEUpNodu-00003-00000791-00001011 the independent music underground of the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00004-00001013-00001298 1970s and became widely popular in the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00005-00001299-00001616 1980s in this instance the word
+MEpXEUpNodu-00006-00001617-00001925 alternative refers to the genres
+MEpXEUpNodu-00007-00001926-00002147 distinction from mainstream rock music
+MEpXEUpNodu-00008-00002148-00002372 the terms original meaning was broader
+MEpXEUpNodu-00009-00002373-00002582 referring to a generation of musicians
+MEpXEUpNodu-00010-00002583-00002813 unified by their collective debt to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00011-00002814-00003025 either the musical style or simply the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00012-00003026-00003311 independent DIY ethos of punk rock which
+MEpXEUpNodu-00013-00003311-00003560 in the late 1970s laid the groundwork
+MEpXEUpNodu-00014-00003561-00003883 for alternative music at times
+MEpXEUpNodu-00015-00003884-00004160 alternative has been used as a catch-all
+MEpXEUpNodu-00016-00004161-00004388 description for music from underground
+MEpXEUpNodu-00017-00004389-00004601 rock artists that receives mainstream
+MEpXEUpNodu-00018-00004602-00004808 recognition or for any music whether
+MEpXEUpNodu-00019-00004809-00005033 rock or not that is seen to be descended
+MEpXEUpNodu-00020-00005034-00005254 from punk rock including some examples
+MEpXEUpNodu-00021-00005255-00005479 of punk itself as well as new wave and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00022-00005480-00005572 post-punk
+MEpXEUpNodu-00023-00005573-00005836 although the genre evolved in the late
+MEpXEUpNodu-00024-00005837-00006191 1970s and 1980s music anticipating the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00025-00006192-00006395 sound of the genre can be found as early
+MEpXEUpNodu-00026-00006396-00006656 as the 1960s with bands such as The
+MEpXEUpNodu-00027-00006656-00006845 Velvet Underground and artists such as
+MEpXEUpNodu-00028-00006845-00007171 Syd Barrett alternative rock broadly
+MEpXEUpNodu-00029-00007172-00007339 consists of music that differs greatly
+MEpXEUpNodu-00030-00007340-00007631 in terms of its sound social context and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00031-00007631-00007964 regional roots by the end of the 1980s
+MEpXEUpNodu-00032-00007965-00008177 magazines and Zayn's college radio
+MEpXEUpNodu-00033-00008178-00008423 airplay and word-of-mouth had increased
+MEpXEUpNodu-00034-00008424-00008573 the prominence and highlighted the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00035-00008574-00008821 diversity of alternative rock helping to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00036-00008822-00009023 define a number of distinct styles and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00037-00009024-00009266 music scenes such as Noise Pop indie
+MEpXEUpNodu-00038-00009267-00009574 rock grunge and shoegaze most of these
+MEpXEUpNodu-00039-00009575-00009809 subgenres had achieved minor mainstream
+MEpXEUpNodu-00040-00009810-00010028 notice and a few bands representing them
+MEpXEUpNodu-00041-00010029-00010285 such as hüsker dü and REM had even
+MEpXEUpNodu-00042-00010286-00010549 signed to major labels but most
+MEpXEUpNodu-00043-00010550-00010787 alternative bands commercial success was
+MEpXEUpNodu-00044-00010788-00011027 limited in comparison to other genres of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00045-00011028-00011252 rock and pop music at the time and most
+MEpXEUpNodu-00046-00011253-00011417 acts remained signed to independent
+MEpXEUpNodu-00047-00011418-00011651 labels and received relatively little
+MEpXEUpNodu-00048-00011652-00011806 attention from mainstream radio
+MEpXEUpNodu-00049-00011807-00012134 television or newspapers with the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00050-00012135-00012269 breakthrough of Nirvana and the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00051-00012270-00012460 popularity of the grunge and Britpop
+MEpXEUpNodu-00052-00012461-00012745 movements in the 1990s alternative rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00053-00012746-00012941 entered the musical mainstream and many
+MEpXEUpNodu-00054-00012941-00013646 alternative bands became successful
+MEpXEUpNodu-00055-00013647-00014169 topic origin of term
+MEpXEUpNodu-00056-00014171-00014486 in the past popular music tastes were
+MEpXEUpNodu-00057-00014487-00014702 dictated by music executives within
+MEpXEUpNodu-00058-00014703-00015050 large entertainment corporations record
+MEpXEUpNodu-00059-00015051-00015244 companies signed contracts with those
+MEpXEUpNodu-00060-00015246-00015416 entertainers who were thought to become
+MEpXEUpNodu-00061-00015416-00015644 the most popular and therefore who could
+MEpXEUpNodu-00062-00015644-00015950 generate the most sales these bands were
+MEpXEUpNodu-00063-00015951-00016172 able to record their songs in expensive
+MEpXEUpNodu-00064-00016172-00016358 studios and their works then sold
+MEpXEUpNodu-00065-00016359-00016547 through record store chains that were
+MEpXEUpNodu-00066-00016548-00016754 owned by the entertainment corporations
+MEpXEUpNodu-00067-00016755-00016937 along with eventually selling the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00068-00016938-00017258 merchandise into big-box retailers the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00069-00017259-00017465 record companies worked with radio and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00070-00017466-00017684 television companies to get the most
+MEpXEUpNodu-00071-00017685-00017990 exposure for their artists the people
+MEpXEUpNodu-00072-00017991-00018158 making the decisions were business
+MEpXEUpNodu-00073-00018159-00018362 people dealing with music as a product
+MEpXEUpNodu-00074-00018363-00018575 and those bands who were not making the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00075-00018576-00018755 expected sales figures were then
+MEpXEUpNodu-00076-00018756-00018965 excluded from this system before the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00077-00018966-00019184 term alternative rock came into common
+MEpXEUpNodu-00078-00019185-00019505 usage around 1990 the sort of music to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00079-00019506-00019688 which it refers was known by a variety
+MEpXEUpNodu-00080-00019689-00020192 of terms in 1979 Terrie Tolkien used the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00081-00020193-00020419 term alternative music to describe the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00082-00020420-00020797 group's he was writing about in 1979
+MEpXEUpNodu-00083-00020798-00021110 Dallas radio station case Eddie W had a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00084-00021111-00021380 late-night new wave show entitled rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00085-00021381-00021707 and roll alternative college rock was
+MEpXEUpNodu-00086-00021708-00021932 used in the United States to describe
+MEpXEUpNodu-00087-00021933-00022202 the music during the 1980s due to its
+MEpXEUpNodu-00088-00022203-00022418 links to the college radio circuit and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00089-00022419-00022700 the tastes of college students in the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00090-00022701-00022903 United Kingdom dozens of small
+MEpXEUpNodu-00091-00022904-00023147 do-it-yourself record labels emerged as
+MEpXEUpNodu-00092-00023148-00023359 a result of the punk subculture
+MEpXEUpNodu-00093-00023360-00023585 according to the founder of one of these
+MEpXEUpNodu-00094-00023586-00023837 labels cherry red enemy and sounds
+MEpXEUpNodu-00095-00023838-00024047 magazines published charts based on
+MEpXEUpNodu-00096-00024048-00024322 small record stores called alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00097-00024323-00024611 charts the first national chart based on
+MEpXEUpNodu-00098-00024612-00024827 distribution called the indie chart was
+MEpXEUpNodu-00099-00024828-00025124 published in January 1980 it immediately
+MEpXEUpNodu-00100-00025125-00025328 succeeded in its aim to help these
+MEpXEUpNodu-00101-00025329-00025655 labels at the time the term indie was
+MEpXEUpNodu-00102-00025656-00025892 used literally to describe independently
+MEpXEUpNodu-00103-00025893-00026330 distributed records by 1985 Eenie had
+MEpXEUpNodu-00104-00026331-00026561 come to mean a particular genre or group
+MEpXEUpNodu-00105-00026562-00026750 of subgenres rather than simply
+MEpXEUpNodu-00106-00026751-00026999 distribution status the use of the term
+MEpXEUpNodu-00107-00027000-00027212 alternative to describe rock music
+MEpXEUpNodu-00108-00027213-00027392 originated around the midnight
+MEpXEUpNodu-00109-00027393-00027626 ten 80s at the time the common music
+MEpXEUpNodu-00110-00027627-00027839 industry terms for cutting-edge music
+MEpXEUpNodu-00111-00027839-00028012 when new music and postmodern
+MEpXEUpNodu-00112-00028013-00028237 respectively indicating freshness and a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00113-00028238-00028487 tendency to recontextualize sounds of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00114-00028488-00028814 the past individuals who worked as DJs
+MEpXEUpNodu-00115-00028814-00029083 and promoters during the 1980s claim the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00116-00029085-00029342 term originates from American FM radio
+MEpXEUpNodu-00117-00029343-00029585 of the 1970s which served as a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00118-00029586-00029812 progressive alternative to top 40 radio
+MEpXEUpNodu-00119-00029813-00030098 formats by featuring longer songs and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00120-00030099-00030299 giving DJ's more freedom in song
+MEpXEUpNodu-00121-00030300-00030656 selection according to one former DJ and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00122-00030657-00030899 promoter somehow this term alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00123-00030900-00031189 got rediscovered and heisted by college
+MEpXEUpNodu-00124-00031191-00031468 radio people during the 80s who applied
+MEpXEUpNodu-00125-00031469-00031754 it to new post-punk indie or underground
+MEpXEUpNodu-00126-00031755-00032152 whatever music at first to term referred
+MEpXEUpNodu-00127-00032153-00032360 to intentionally non mainstream rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00128-00032361-00032606 acts that were not influenced by heavy
+MEpXEUpNodu-00129-00032607-00032932 metal ballads rarefied new wave and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00130-00032933-00033323 high-energy dance anthems usage of the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00131-00033324-00033518 term would broaden to include new wave
+MEpXEUpNodu-00132-00033519-00033806 pop punk rock post-punk and occasionally
+MEpXEUpNodu-00133-00033807-00033921 college
+MEpXEUpNodu-00134-00033922-00034268 indie rock all found on the American
+MEpXEUpNodu-00135-00034269-00034637 commercial alternative radio stations of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00136-00034638-00034989 the time such as Los Angeles kroq-fm
+MEpXEUpNodu-00137-00034990-00035261 journalist Jim ger R wrote that
+MEpXEUpNodu-00138-00035262-00035492 alternative also encompassed variants
+MEpXEUpNodu-00139-00035493-00035821 such as rap trash metal and industrial
+MEpXEUpNodu-00140-00035822-00036254 in December 1991 Spin Magazine noted
+MEpXEUpNodu-00141-00036255-00036533 this year for the first time it became
+MEpXEUpNodu-00142-00036534-00036724 resoundingly clear that what has
+MEpXEUpNodu-00143-00036725-00036887 formerly been considered alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00144-00036888-00037177 rock a college centered marketing group
+MEpXEUpNodu-00145-00037178-00037390 with fairly lucrative if limited
+MEpXEUpNodu-00146-00037391-00037643 potential has in fact moved into the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00147-00037644-00037946 mainstream the Bill of the first
+MEpXEUpNodu-00148-00037947-00038186 Lollapalooza and a tin Hrant festival in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00149-00038187-00038387 North America conceived by Jane's
+MEpXEUpNodu-00150-00038388-00038561 Addiction frontman Perry Farrell
+MEpXEUpNodu-00151-00038562-00038821 reunited disparate elements of the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00152-00038822-00039124 alternative rock community including
+MEpXEUpNodu-00153-00039125-00039383 Henry Rollins butthole surfers ice-t
+MEpXEUpNodu-00154-00039384-00039583 Nine Inch Nails Siouxsie and the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00155-00039584-00039883 Banshees and Jane's Addiction that same
+MEpXEUpNodu-00156-00039884-00040070 year Farrell coined the term alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00157-00040071-00040460 nation in the late 1990s the definition
+MEpXEUpNodu-00158-00040461-00040712 again became more specific
+MEpXEUpNodu-00159-00040713-00041030 in 1997 neil strauss of the new york
+MEpXEUpNodu-00160-00041031-00041243 times to find alternative rockers
+MEpXEUpNodu-00161-00041244-00041517 hard-edged rock distinguished by brittle
+MEpXEUpNodu-00162-00041518-00041820 70s inspired guitar riffing and singers
+MEpXEUpNodu-00163-00041821-00042068 agonizing over their problems until they
+MEpXEUpNodu-00164-00042069-00042411 take on epic proportions defining
+MEpXEUpNodu-00165-00042412-00042611 music's alternative is often difficult
+MEpXEUpNodu-00166-00042612-00042851 because of two conflicting applications
+MEpXEUpNodu-00167-00042852-00043136 of the word alternative can describe
+MEpXEUpNodu-00168-00043137-00043370 music that challenges the status quo and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00169-00043371-00043614 that is fiercely iconoclastic
+MEpXEUpNodu-00170-00043615-00043943 anti-commercial and anti mainstream but
+MEpXEUpNodu-00171-00043944-00044154 the term is also used in the music
+MEpXEUpNodu-00172-00044155-00044379 industry to denote the choices available
+MEpXEUpNodu-00173-00044380-00044720 to consumers via record stores radio
+MEpXEUpNodu-00174-00044721-00045032 cable television and the Internet
+MEpXEUpNodu-00175-00045033-00045273 however alternative music has
+MEpXEUpNodu-00176-00045274-00045501 paradoxically become just as commercial
+MEpXEUpNodu-00177-00045502-00045680 and marketable as the mainstream rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00178-00045681-00045887 with record companies using the term
+MEpXEUpNodu-00179-00045888-00046187 alternative to market music to an
+MEpXEUpNodu-00180-00046188-00046392 audience that mainstream rock does not
+MEpXEUpNodu-00181-00046393-00046689 reach using a broad definition of the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00182-00046690-00046868 genre Dave Thompson in his book
+MEpXEUpNodu-00183-00046869-00047093 alternative rock cites the formation of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00184-00047094-00047282 the Sex Pistols as well as the release
+MEpXEUpNodu-00185-00047283-00047517 of the album's horses by Patti Smith and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00186-00047518-00047760 Metal Machine music by Lou Reed as three
+MEpXEUpNodu-00187-00047761-00047895 clear vents that gave birth to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00188-00047896-00048207 alternative rock until recent years
+MEpXEUpNodu-00189-00048208-00048476 early 2000s when indie rock became the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00190-00048477-00048699 most common term in the u.s. to describe
+MEpXEUpNodu-00191-00048700-00048983 modern pop and rock the terms indie rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00192-00048984-00049355 and alternative rock were often used
+MEpXEUpNodu-00193-00049356-00049574 interchangeably whilst there are aspects
+MEpXEUpNodu-00194-00049575-00049751 which both genres have in common
+MEpXEUpNodu-00195-00049752-00049943 indie rock was regarded as a British
+MEpXEUpNodu-00196-00049944-00050142 based term unlike the more American
+MEpXEUpNodu-00197-00050143-00050733 alternative rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00198-00050734-00051399 topic characteristics the name
+MEpXEUpNodu-00199-00051400-00051706 alternative rock essentially serves as
+MEpXEUpNodu-00200-00051707-00051895 an umbrella term for underground music
+MEpXEUpNodu-00201-00051896-00052099 that has emerged in the wake of punk
+MEpXEUpNodu-00202-00052100-00052456 rock since the mid 1980s throughout much
+MEpXEUpNodu-00203-00052457-00052553 of its history
+MEpXEUpNodu-00204-00052554-00052736 alternative rock has been largely
+MEpXEUpNodu-00205-00052737-00052912 defined by its rejection of the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00206-00052913-00053090 commercialism of mainstream culture
+MEpXEUpNodu-00207-00053091-00053305 although this could be contested ever
+MEpXEUpNodu-00208-00053306-00053494 since some of the major alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00209-00053495-00053692 artists have achieved mainstream success
+MEpXEUpNodu-00210-00053694-00053938 or co-opted with the major labels from
+MEpXEUpNodu-00211-00053939-00054232 the 1990s onwards especially since a new
+MEpXEUpNodu-00212-00054233-00054521 millennium and Beyond alternative bands
+MEpXEUpNodu-00213-00054522-00054785 during the 1980s generally played in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00214-00054786-00055018 small clubs recorded for indie labels
+MEpXEUpNodu-00215-00055019-00055211 and spread their popularity through a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00216-00055212-00055516 word-of-mouth as such there is no set
+MEpXEUpNodu-00217-00055517-00055750 musical style for alternative rock as a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00218-00055751-00055960 whole although the New York Times in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00219-00055961-00056297 1989 asserted that the genre is guitar
+MEpXEUpNodu-00220-00056298-00056537 music first of all with guitars that
+MEpXEUpNodu-00221-00056538-00056800 blast out power chords pick out chiming
+MEpXEUpNodu-00222-00056801-00057031 riffs bars with fosston and squeal in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00223-00057032-00057337 feedback more often than in other rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00224-00057338-00057538 styles since the mainstreaming of rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00225-00057539-00057862 music during the 1970s alternative rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00226-00057863-00058066 lyrics tend to address topics of social
+MEpXEUpNodu-00227-00058067-00058305 concern such as drug use depression
+MEpXEUpNodu-00228-00058306-00058654 suicide and environmentalism this
+MEpXEUpNodu-00229-00058655-00058825 approach to lyrics developed as a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00230-00058826-00058993 reflection of the social and economic
+MEpXEUpNodu-00231-00058994-00059261 strains in the United States and United
+MEpXEUpNodu-00232-00059262-00060122 Kingdom of the 1980s and early 1990s
+MEpXEUpNodu-00233-00060123-00060635 topic history
+MEpXEUpNodu-00234-00060636-00061076 topic precursors 1960s and 1970s a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00235-00061077-00061341 precursor to alternative rock existed in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00236-00061341-00061716 the 1960s with the proto-punk scene the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00237-00061716-00061904 origins of alternative rock can be
+MEpXEUpNodu-00238-00061905-00062141 traced back to the Velvet Underground &
+MEpXEUpNodu-00239-00062142-00062466 Nico 1967 by the Velvet Underground
+MEpXEUpNodu-00240-00062466-00062694 which influenced many alternative rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00241-00062695-00062954 bands that would come after it we're
+MEpXEUpNodu-00242-00062955-00063153 only in it for the money by the Mothers
+MEpXEUpNodu-00243-00063154-00063471 of Invention 1968 is considered by some
+MEpXEUpNodu-00244-00063472-00063746 to be an early alternative rock album
+MEpXEUpNodu-00245-00063747-00063987 artists such as Syd Barrett had
+MEpXEUpNodu-00246-00063988-00064255 influence on alternative rock in general
+MEpXEUpNodu-00247-00064257-00064536 cabaret voltaire the monochrome set
+MEpXEUpNodu-00248-00064537-00064751 swell maps pop group and pill were
+MEpXEUpNodu-00249-00064752-00065513 alternative rock groups in 1970s
+MEpXEUpNodu-00250-00065514-00066025 topic 1980s
+MEpXEUpNodu-00251-00066026-00066446 by 1984 a majority of groups signed to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00252-00066447-00066671 independent record labels mined from a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00253-00066672-00066959 variety of rock and particularly 1960s
+MEpXEUpNodu-00254-00066960-00067292 rock influences this represented a sharp
+MEpXEUpNodu-00255-00067293-00067505 break from the futuristic hyper-rational
+MEpXEUpNodu-00256-00067506-00067690 post-punk years
+MEpXEUpNodu-00257-00067691-00068015 throughout the 1980s alternative rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00258-00068016-00068174 remained mainly an underground
+MEpXEUpNodu-00259-00068175-00068476 phenomenon while on occasion a song
+MEpXEUpNodu-00260-00068477-00068690 would become a commercial hit or albums
+MEpXEUpNodu-00261-00068691-00068867 would receive critical praise in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00262-00068868-00069029 mainstream publications like Rolling
+MEpXEUpNodu-00263-00069030-00069359 Stone alternative rock in the 1980s was
+MEpXEUpNodu-00264-00069360-00069607 primarily featured on independent record
+MEpXEUpNodu-00265-00069608-00069818 labels fanzines and college radio
+MEpXEUpNodu-00266-00069819-00070144 stations alternative bands built
+MEpXEUpNodu-00267-00070145-00070337 underground followings by turing
+MEpXEUpNodu-00268-00070338-00070562 constantly and by regularly releasing
+MEpXEUpNodu-00269-00070563-00070859 low-budget albums in the case of the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00270-00070860-00071096 united states new bands would form in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00271-00071097-00071330 the wake of previous bands which created
+MEpXEUpNodu-00272-00071331-00071525 an extensive underground circuit in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00273-00071526-00071735 America filled with different scenes in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00274-00071736-00072017 various parts of the country although
+MEpXEUpNodu-00275-00072018-00072221 American alternative artists of the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00276-00072222-00072542 1980s never generated spectacular album
+MEpXEUpNodu-00277-00072543-00072746 sales they exerted a considerable
+MEpXEUpNodu-00278-00072747-00072992 influence on later alternative musicians
+MEpXEUpNodu-00279-00072993-00073142 and laid the groundwork for their
+MEpXEUpNodu-00280-00073143-00073544 success on September 10th 1988 an
+MEpXEUpNodu-00281-00073545-00073784 alternative Songs chart was created by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00282-00073785-00074003 billboard listing the 40 most played
+MEpXEUpNodu-00283-00074004-00074219 songs on alternative and modern rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00284-00074220-00074444 radio stations in the US the first
+MEpXEUpNodu-00285-00074445-00074674 number one was Siouxsie and the Banshees
+MEpXEUpNodu-00286-00074675-00075076 peekaboo by 1989 the genre had become
+MEpXEUpNodu-00287-00075077-00075266 popular enough that a package tour
+MEpXEUpNodu-00288-00075267-00075500 featuring new order public image limited
+MEpXEUpNodu-00289-00075501-00075722 and the sugar cubes toured the United
+MEpXEUpNodu-00290-00075723-00075982 States arena circuit in contrast British
+MEpXEUpNodu-00291-00075983-00076184 alternative rock was distinguished from
+MEpXEUpNodu-00292-00076185-00076403 that of the United States early on by a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00293-00076404-00076649 more pop-oriented focus marked by an
+MEpXEUpNodu-00294-00076650-00076882 equal emphasis on albums and singles as
+MEpXEUpNodu-00295-00076883-00077039 well as greater openness to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00296-00077040-00077261 incorporating elements of dance and club
+MEpXEUpNodu-00297-00077262-00077474 culture and a lyrical emphasis on
+MEpXEUpNodu-00298-00077475-00077759 specifically British concerns as a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00299-00077760-00078011 result few British alternative bands
+MEpXEUpNodu-00300-00078012-00078209 have achieved commercial success in the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00301-00078210-00078607 US since the 1980s alternative rock has
+MEpXEUpNodu-00302-00078608-00078830 been played extensively on the radio in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00303-00078831-00079097 the UK particularly by disc jockeys such
+MEpXEUpNodu-00304-00079098-00079253 as John Peel who
+MEpXEUpNodu-00305-00079254-00079556 and alternative music on BBC Radio 1
+MEpXEUpNodu-00306-00079557-00079819 Richard Skinner and Annie Nightingale
+MEpXEUpNodu-00307-00079820-00080069 artists had had cult followings in the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00308-00080070-00080306 United States received greater exposure
+MEpXEUpNodu-00309-00080307-00080525 through British national radio and the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00310-00080526-00080765 weekly music press and many alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00311-00080766-00081476 bands had child success their topic
+MEpXEUpNodu-00312-00081477-00082126 American underground in the 1980s early
+MEpXEUpNodu-00313-00082127-00082391 American alternative bands such as the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00314-00082392-00082628 Dream Syndicate the bongos 10,000
+MEpXEUpNodu-00315-00082629-00082892 maniacs REM the Feelies and Violent
+MEpXEUpNodu-00316-00082893-00083117 Femmes combined punk influences with
+MEpXEUpNodu-00317-00083118-00083279 folk music and mainstream music
+MEpXEUpNodu-00318-00083280-00083639 influences IEM was the most immediately
+MEpXEUpNodu-00319-00083640-00084008 successful its debut album murmur 1983
+MEpXEUpNodu-00320-00084009-00084227 entered the top 40 and spawned a number
+MEpXEUpNodu-00321-00084228-00084551 of jangle pop followers one of the many
+MEpXEUpNodu-00322-00084552-00084860 jangle pop scenes of the early 1980s Los
+MEpXEUpNodu-00323-00084861-00085103 Angeles Paisley underground revived the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00324-00085104-00085373 sounds of the 1960s incorporating
+MEpXEUpNodu-00325-00085374-00085619 psychedelia rich vocal harmonies and the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00326-00085620-00085832 guitar into play a folk rock as well as
+MEpXEUpNodu-00327-00085833-00086066 Punk and underground influences such as
+MEpXEUpNodu-00328-00086067-00086279 The Velvet Underground American indie
+MEpXEUpNodu-00329-00086280-00086576 record labels SST records twin town
+MEpXEUpNodu-00330-00086577-00086834 records touch and go records and discord
+MEpXEUpNodu-00331-00086835-00087053 Records presided over the shift from the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00332-00087054-00087260 hardcore punk that then dominated the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00333-00087261-00087464 American underground scene to the more
+MEpXEUpNodu-00334-00087465-00087695 diverse styles of alternative rock that
+MEpXEUpNodu-00335-00087696-00088004 were emerging Minneapolis bands hüsker
+MEpXEUpNodu-00336-00088005-00088190 dü and the replacements were indicative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00337-00088191-00088499 of this shift both started out as punk
+MEpXEUpNodu-00338-00088500-00088724 rock bands but soon diversified their
+MEpXEUpNodu-00339-00088725-00089027 sounds and became more melodic Michael
+MEpXEUpNodu-00340-00089028-00089252 Azerrad asserted that hüsker dü was the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00341-00089253-00089459 key link between hardcore punk and the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00342-00089460-00089675 more melodic diverse music of college
+MEpXEUpNodu-00343-00089676-00090035 rock that emerged as a rad wrote hüsker
+MEpXEUpNodu-00344-00090036-00090296 dü played a huge role in convincing the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00345-00090297-00090509 underground that melody and punk rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00346-00090510-00090875 weren't antithetical the band also set
+MEpXEUpNodu-00347-00090876-00091097 an example by being the first group from
+MEpXEUpNodu-00348-00091098-00091310 the American indie scene to sign to a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00349-00091311-00091496 major record label which helped
+MEpXEUpNodu-00350-00091497-00091742 establish college rockers the viable
+MEpXEUpNodu-00351-00091743-00092024 commercial enterprise by focusing on
+MEpXEUpNodu-00352-00092025-00092213 heartfelt songwriting and word play
+MEpXEUpNodu-00353-00092214-00092411 instead of political concerns The
+MEpXEUpNodu-00354-00092412-00092588 Replacements upended a number of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00355-00092589-00092819 underground scene conventions as ERAD
+MEpXEUpNodu-00356-00092820-00093101 noted that along with REM the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00357-00093102-00093287 replacements were one of the few
+MEpXEUpNodu-00358-00093288-00093530 underground bands that mainstream people
+MEpXEUpNodu-00359-00093531-00093938 liked by the late 1980s the American
+MEpXEUpNodu-00360-00093939-00094139 alternative scene was dominated by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00361-00094140-00094394 styles ranging from quirky alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00362-00094395-00094625 pop They Might Be Giants and camper van
+MEpXEUpNodu-00363-00094626-00094886 Beethoven to noise Rock Sonic Youth big
+MEpXEUpNodu-00364-00094887-00095111 black the Jesus Lizard and industrial
+MEpXEUpNodu-00365-00095112-00095209 rock ministry
+MEpXEUpNodu-00366-00095210-00095505 Nine Inch Nails these sounds were in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00367-00095506-00095724 turn followed by the advent of Boston's
+MEpXEUpNodu-00368-00095725-00095991 Pixies and Los Angeles Jane's Addiction
+MEpXEUpNodu-00369-00095992-00096225 around the same time the grunge
+MEpXEUpNodu-00370-00096226-00096435 sub-genre emerged in Seattle Washington
+MEpXEUpNodu-00371-00096436-00096691 initially referred to as the Seattle
+MEpXEUpNodu-00372-00096692-00097036 sound until its rise to popularity in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00373-00097037-00097384 the early 1990s grunge featured a sludgy
+MEpXEUpNodu-00374-00097385-00097603 murky guitar sound that synthesized
+MEpXEUpNodu-00375-00097604-00097887 heavy metal and punk rock promoted
+MEpXEUpNodu-00376-00097888-00098104 largely by Seattle indie label Sub Pop
+MEpXEUpNodu-00377-00098105-00098335 grunge bands were noted for their thrift
+MEpXEUpNodu-00378-00098336-00098524 store fashion which favored flannel
+MEpXEUpNodu-00379-00098525-00098722 shirts and combat boots suited to the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00380-00098723-00098953 local weather early grunge bands
+MEpXEUpNodu-00381-00098954-00099196 Soundgarden and Mudhoney found critical
+MEpXEUpNodu-00382-00099197-00099478 acclaim in the US and UK respectively by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00383-00099479-00099646 the end of the decade a number of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00384-00099647-00099882 alternative bands began to sign to major
+MEpXEUpNodu-00385-00099883-00100210 labels while early major label signings
+MEpXEUpNodu-00386-00100211-00100399 hüsker dü and the replacements had
+MEpXEUpNodu-00387-00100400-00100593 little success acts who signed with
+MEpXEUpNodu-00388-00100594-00100794 majors in their wake such as REM and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00389-00100795-00100993 Jane's Addiction achieved gold and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00390-00100994-00101175 platinum records setting the stage for
+MEpXEUpNodu-00391-00101176-00101479 alternatives later breakthrough some
+MEpXEUpNodu-00392-00101480-00101716 bands such as Pixies had massive success
+MEpXEUpNodu-00393-00101717-00101884 overseas while they were ignored
+MEpXEUpNodu-00394-00101885-00102093 domestically in the middle of the decade
+MEpXEUpNodu-00395-00102094-00102355 Husker dus album Zen arcade influenced
+MEpXEUpNodu-00396-00102356-00102579 other hardcore acts by tackling personal
+MEpXEUpNodu-00397-00102580-00102918 issues out of Washington DC's hardcore
+MEpXEUpNodu-00398-00102919-00103307 scene what was called emo core or emo
+MEpXEUpNodu-00399-00103308-00103566 emerged and was noted for its lyrics
+MEpXEUpNodu-00400-00103567-00103740 which delved into emotional very
+MEpXEUpNodu-00401-00103741-00103953 personal subject matter vocalists
+MEpXEUpNodu-00402-00103954-00104125 sometimes cried and added free
+MEpXEUpNodu-00403-00104126-00104355 association poetry and a confessional
+MEpXEUpNodu-00404-00104356-00104652 tone rites of spring has been described
+MEpXEUpNodu-00405-00104653-00105013 as the first emo band former Minor
+MEpXEUpNodu-00406-00105014-00105264 Threat singer Ian McKay founded discord
+MEpXEUpNodu-00407-00105265-00105463 records which became the center for the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00408-00105464-00106023 city's emo scene
+MEpXEUpNodu-00409-00106024-00106335 topic British subgenres and trends of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00410-00106336-00106963 the 1980s gothic rock developed out of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00411-00106964-00107278 late 1970s British post-punk with a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00412-00107279-00107551 reputation as a darkest in gloomiest
+MEpXEUpNodu-00413-00107552-00107848 form of underground rock gothic rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00414-00107849-00108100 utilizes a synthesizer and guitar based
+MEpXEUpNodu-00415-00108101-00108352 sound drawn from post-punk to construct
+MEpXEUpNodu-00416-00108353-00108658 foreboding sorrowful often epic sound
+MEpXEUpNodu-00417-00108658-00108936 scapes and the subgenres lyrics often
+MEpXEUpNodu-00418-00108938-00109216 address literary romanticism morbidity
+MEpXEUpNodu-00419-00109217-00109425 religious symbolism and supernatural
+MEpXEUpNodu-00420-00109426-00109768 mysticism bands of this sub-genre took
+MEpXEUpNodu-00421-00109769-00109981 inspiration from two British post-punk
+MEpXEUpNodu-00422-00109982-00110215 groups Joy Division and Siouxsie and the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00423-00110216-00110313 Banshees
+MEpXEUpNodu-00424-00110314-00110670 Bauhaus debut single Bela Lugosi's dead
+MEpXEUpNodu-00425-00110671-00111073 released in 1979 is considered to be the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00426-00111074-00111241 proper beginning of the gothic rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00427-00111242-00111556 sub-genre The Cure's oppressively
+MEpXEUpNodu-00428-00111557-00111888 dispirited albums including pornography
+MEpXEUpNodu-00429-00111889-00112192 1982 cemented that group stature in that
+MEpXEUpNodu-00430-00112193-00112386 style and laid the foundation for its
+MEpXEUpNodu-00431-00112388-00112579 large cult following the key British
+MEpXEUpNodu-00432-00112580-00112783 alternative rock band to emerge during
+MEpXEUpNodu-00433-00112783-00113079 the 1980s was Manchester's The Smiths
+MEpXEUpNodu-00434-00113080-00113365 music journalist Simon Reynolds singled
+MEpXEUpNodu-00435-00113366-00113505 out the Smiths and their American
+MEpXEUpNodu-00436-00113506-00113800 contemporaries REM owes the two most
+MEpXEUpNodu-00437-00113801-00114069 important alt rock bands of the day
+MEpXEUpNodu-00438-00114070-00114379 commenting that they were 80s bands only
+MEpXEUpNodu-00439-00114380-00114710 in the sense of being against the 80s
+MEpXEUpNodu-00440-00114711-00114997 Reynolds noted that the Smiths whole
+MEpXEUpNodu-00441-00114998-00115225 stance was predicated on their British
+MEpXEUpNodu-00442-00115226-00115525 audience being a Lost Generation exiles
+MEpXEUpNodu-00443-00115526-00115677 in their own land
+MEpXEUpNodu-00444-00115678-00115954 The Smiths embrace of the guitar in an
+MEpXEUpNodu-00445-00115955-00116206 era of synthesizer dominated music is
+MEpXEUpNodu-00446-00116207-00116380 viewed as signaling the end of the new
+MEpXEUpNodu-00447-00116381-00116596 wave era and the advent of alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00448-00116597-00116893 rock in the United Kingdom despite the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00449-00116894-00117103 band's limited chart success and short
+MEpXEUpNodu-00450-00117104-00117163 career
+MEpXEUpNodu-00451-00117164-00117360 The Smiths exerted an influence over the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00452-00117361-00117538 British indie scene through the end of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00453-00117539-00117757 the decade as various bands drew from
+MEpXEUpNodu-00454-00117758-00117940 singer Morrissey's english centered
+MEpXEUpNodu-00455-00117941-00118158 lyrical topics and guitarist Johnny Mars
+MEpXEUpNodu-00456-00118159-00118525 jangly guitar playing style the cat6
+MEpXEUpNodu-00457-00118526-00118870 cassette a 1986 NME premium featuring
+MEpXEUpNodu-00458-00118871-00119074 primal scream the wedding present and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00459-00119075-00119263 others was a major influence on the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00460-00119264-00119301 devil
+MEpXEUpNodu-00461-00119302-00119514 of indie pop and the British indie scene
+MEpXEUpNodu-00462-00119515-00119670 as a whole other forms of alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00463-00119671-00119928 rock developed in the UK during the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00464-00119929-00120294 1980s the Jesus and Mary Chain sound
+MEpXEUpNodu-00465-00120295-00120482 combined The Velvet Underground's
+MEpXEUpNodu-00466-00120483-00120825 melancholy noise with Beach Boys pop
+MEpXEUpNodu-00467-00120826-00121059 melodies and Phil Spector's wall of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00468-00121060-00121383 sound production while new order emerged
+MEpXEUpNodu-00469-00121384-00121590 from the demise of post-punk band Joy
+MEpXEUpNodu-00470-00121591-00121815 Division and experimented with techno
+MEpXEUpNodu-00471-00121816-00122118 and house music the Mary Chain along
+MEpXEUpNodu-00472-00122119-00122439 with dinosaur jr. cat6 and the dream pop
+MEpXEUpNodu-00473-00122440-00122619 of Cocteau twins were the formative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00474-00122620-00122838 influences for the shoegazing movement
+MEpXEUpNodu-00475-00122839-00123153 of the late 1980s named for the band
+MEpXEUpNodu-00476-00123154-00123360 members tendency to stare at their feet
+MEpXEUpNodu-00477-00123361-00123546 and guitar effects pedals on stage
+MEpXEUpNodu-00478-00123547-00123710 rather than interact with the audience
+MEpXEUpNodu-00479-00123711-00123930 shoegazing acts like My Bloody Valentine
+MEpXEUpNodu-00480-00123931-00124194 and slow deve created an overwhelmingly
+MEpXEUpNodu-00481-00124195-00124554 loud wash of sound that obscured vocals
+MEpXEUpNodu-00482-00124555-00124746 and melodies with long droning riffs
+MEpXEUpNodu-00483-00124747-00125082 distortion and feedback shoegazing bands
+MEpXEUpNodu-00484-00125083-00125313 dominated the British music press at the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00485-00125314-00125466 end of the decade along with the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00486-00125467-00125745 Madchester scene performing for the most
+MEpXEUpNodu-00487-00125746-00125964 part in the haciendas a nightclub in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00488-00125965-00126138 Manchester owned by new order and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00489-00126139-00126372 factory records Magister bands such as
+MEpXEUpNodu-00490-00126373-00126624 Happy Mondays and the Stone Roses mixed
+MEpXEUpNodu-00491-00126625-00126825 acid house dance rhythms with melodic
+MEpXEUpNodu-00492-00126826-00127262 guitar pop topic popularization in the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00493-00127263-00127596 1990s by the start of the 1990s the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00494-00127597-00127782 music industry was enticed by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00495-00127783-00127947 alternative rocks commercial
+MEpXEUpNodu-00496-00127948-00128160 possibilities and major labels had
+MEpXEUpNodu-00497-00128161-00128391 already signed Jane's Addiction Red Hot
+MEpXEUpNodu-00498-00128392-00128729 Chili Peppers and Dinosaur Jr in early
+MEpXEUpNodu-00499-00128730-00129066 1991 REM went mainstream worldwide
+MEpXEUpNodu-00500-00129067-00129255 without of time while becoming a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00501-00129256-00129582 blueprint for many alternative bands the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00502-00129583-00129726 first edition of the Lollapalooza
+MEpXEUpNodu-00503-00129727-00130002 festival became the most successful tour
+MEpXEUpNodu-00504-00130003-00130373 in North America in July and August 1991
+MEpXEUpNodu-00505-00130374-00130674 for Dave Grohl of Nirvana who called it
+MEpXEUpNodu-00506-00130675-00130857 near Los Angeles in an open-air
+MEpXEUpNodu-00507-00130858-00131079 amphitheater it felt like something was
+MEpXEUpNodu-00508-00131080-00131265 happening that was the beginning of it
+MEpXEUpNodu-00509-00131266-00131493 all the tour helped change the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00510-00131494-00131730 mentalities in the music industry by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00511-00131731-00132003 that fall radio and MTV and music had
+MEpXEUpNodu-00512-00132004-00132273 changed I really think that if it
+MEpXEUpNodu-00513-00132274-00132474 weren't for Perry Farrell if it weren't
+MEpXEUpNodu-00514-00132475-00132673 for Lollapalooza you and I wouldn't be
+MEpXEUpNodu-00515-00132674-00132886 having this conversation right now the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00516-00132887-00133081 release of the Nirvana's single smells
+MEpXEUpNodu-00517-00133082-00133366 like teen spirit in September 1991
+MEpXEUpNodu-00518-00133367-00133582 marked the instigation of the grunge
+MEpXEUpNodu-00519-00133583-00133903 music phenomenon due to constant airplay
+MEpXEUpNodu-00520-00133904-00134182 of the songs music video on MTV their
+MEpXEUpNodu-00521-00134183-00134473 album Nevermind was selling 400,000
+MEpXEUpNodu-00522-00134474-00134869 copies a week by Christmas 1991 its
+MEpXEUpNodu-00523-00134870-00135118 success surprised the music industry
+MEpXEUpNodu-00524-00135119-00135361 never mind not only popularized grunge
+MEpXEUpNodu-00525-00135362-00135589 but also established the cultural and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00526-00135590-00135832 commercial viability of alternative rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00527-00135833-00136060 in general Michael Azerrad asserted that
+MEpXEUpNodu-00528-00136061-00136297 nevermind symbolized a sea change in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00529-00136298-00136510 rock music in which a hair metal that
+MEpXEUpNodu-00530-00136511-00136702 had dominated rock music at that time
+MEpXEUpNodu-00531-00136703-00136929 fell out of favor in the face of music
+MEpXEUpNodu-00532-00136930-00137134 that was authentic and culturally
+MEpXEUpNodu-00533-00137135-00137398 relevant the breakthrough success of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00534-00137399-00137568 Nirvana led to the widespread
+MEpXEUpNodu-00535-00137569-00137797 popularization of alternative rock in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00536-00137798-00138184 the 1990s it heralded a new openness to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00537-00138185-00138415 alternative rock among commercial radio
+MEpXEUpNodu-00538-00138416-00138622 stations opening doors for heavy
+MEpXEUpNodu-00539-00138623-00138940 alternative bands in particular in the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00540-00138941-00139051 wake of nevermind
+MEpXEUpNodu-00541-00139052-00139261 alternative rock found itself dragged
+MEpXEUpNodu-00542-00139262-00139416 kicking and screaming into the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00543-00139417-00139657 mainstream and record companies confused
+MEpXEUpNodu-00544-00139658-00139870 by the genres success yet eager to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00545-00139871-00140128 capitalize on it scrambled to sign bands
+MEpXEUpNodu-00546-00140129-00140509 the New York Times declared in 1993
+MEpXEUpNodu-00547-00140510-00140710 alternative rock doesn't seem so
+MEpXEUpNodu-00548-00140711-00141016 alternative anymore every major label
+MEpXEUpNodu-00549-00141017-00141271 has a handful of guitar-driven bands in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00550-00141272-00141451 shapeless shirts and threadbare jeans
+MEpXEUpNodu-00551-00141452-00141664 bands with bad posture and good riffs
+MEpXEUpNodu-00552-00141665-00141826 who cultivate the oblique and the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00553-00141827-00142060 evasive who conceal catchy tunes with
+MEpXEUpNodu-00554-00142061-00142240 noise and hide craftsmanship behind
+MEpXEUpNodu-00555-00142241-00142594 nonchalance however many alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00556-00142595-00142831 rock artists rejected success for it
+MEpXEUpNodu-00557-00142832-00143077 conflicted with the rebellious DIY ethic
+MEpXEUpNodu-00558-00143078-00143308 the genre had espoused before mainstream
+MEpXEUpNodu-00559-00143309-00143488 exposure and their ideas of artistic
+MEpXEUpNodu-00560-00143489-00143713 authenticity during the middle of the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00561-00143714-00143991 90s Alanis Morissette and band had huge
+MEpXEUpNodu-00562-00143992-00144157 success with the album Jagged Little
+MEpXEUpNodu-00563-00144158-00144598 Pill released in 1995 during the same
+MEpXEUpNodu-00564-00144599-00144835 year no doubt release tragic kingdom' to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00565-00144836-00145054 wide acclaim and Skunk Anansie released
+MEpXEUpNodu-00566-00145055-00145243 the album paranoid and sunburned
+MEpXEUpNodu-00567-00145244-00145894 followed a year later by stooge
+MEpXEUpNodu-00568-00145895-00146304 topic Branch
+MEpXEUpNodu-00569-00146305-00146560 other grunge bands subsequently
+MEpXEUpNodu-00570-00146561-00146854 replicated Nirvana's success Pearl Jam
+MEpXEUpNodu-00571-00146855-00147076 had released its debut album 10 a month
+MEpXEUpNodu-00572-00147077-00147443 before nevermind in 1991 but album sales
+MEpXEUpNodu-00573-00147444-00147715 only picked up a year later by the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00574-00147716-00148015 second half of 1992 10 became a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00575-00148016-00148177 breakthrough success being certified
+MEpXEUpNodu-00576-00148178-00148429 gold and reaching number 2 on the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00577-00148430-00148696 Billboard 200 album chart
+MEpXEUpNodu-00578-00148697-00148975 Soundgarden's album Badmotorfinger Alice
+MEpXEUpNodu-00579-00148976-00149159 in Chains dirt and Stone Temple Pilots
+MEpXEUpNodu-00580-00149160-00149362 caught along with the Temple of the dog
+MEpXEUpNodu-00581-00149363-00149626 album collaboration featuring members of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00582-00149627-00149839 Pearl Jam and Soundgarden were also
+MEpXEUpNodu-00583-00149840-00150216 among the 100 top-selling albums of 1992
+MEpXEUpNodu-00584-00150217-00150487 the popular breakthrough of these grunge
+MEpXEUpNodu-00585-00150488-00150707 bands prompted Rolling Stone to nickname
+MEpXEUpNodu-00586-00150708-00151034 Seattle the new Liverpool major record
+MEpXEUpNodu-00587-00151035-00151181 labels signed most of the prominent
+MEpXEUpNodu-00588-00151182-00151453 grunge bands in Seattle while the second
+MEpXEUpNodu-00589-00151454-00151658 influx of bands moved to the city in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00590-00151659-00151861 hopes of success at the same time
+MEpXEUpNodu-00591-00151862-00152096 critics asserted that advertising was
+MEpXEUpNodu-00592-00152097-00152321 co-opting elements of grunge and turning
+MEpXEUpNodu-00593-00152322-00152536 it into a fad Entertainment Weekly
+MEpXEUpNodu-00594-00152537-00152873 commented in a 1993 article there hasn't
+MEpXEUpNodu-00595-00152874-00153112 been this kind of exploitation of a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00596-00153113-00153337 subculture since the media discovered
+MEpXEUpNodu-00597-00153338-00153528 hippies in the 60s
+MEpXEUpNodu-00598-00153529-00153884 the New York Times compared the grungy
+MEpXEUpNodu-00599-00153885-00154162 of America to the mass marketing of punk
+MEpXEUpNodu-00600-00154163-00154433 rock disco and hip hop in previous years
+MEpXEUpNodu-00601-00154434-00154774 as a result of the genres popularity a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00602-00154775-00154978 backlash against grunge developed in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00603-00154979-00155071 Seattle
+MEpXEUpNodu-00604-00155072-00155483 Nirvana's follow-up album in utero 1993
+MEpXEUpNodu-00605-00155484-00155716 was an intentionally abrasive album that
+MEpXEUpNodu-00606-00155717-00155887 Nirvana bassist Krist Novoselic
+MEpXEUpNodu-00607-00155888-00156185 described as a wild aggressive sound a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00608-00156186-00156466 true alternative record nevertheless
+MEpXEUpNodu-00609-00156467-00156809 upon its release in September 1993 in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00610-00156810-00157102 utero topped the Billboard charts Pearl
+MEpXEUpNodu-00611-00157103-00157312 Jam also continued to perform well
+MEpXEUpNodu-00612-00157313-00157585 commercially with its second album vs
+MEpXEUpNodu-00613-00157586-00157849 1993 which topped the Billboard charts
+MEpXEUpNodu-00614-00157850-00158041 by selling a record nine hundred and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00615-00158042-00158360 fifty thousand 378 copies in its first
+MEpXEUpNodu-00616-00158361-00158918 week of release
+MEpXEUpNodu-00617-00158919-00159337 topic Britpop
+MEpXEUpNodu-00618-00159338-00159566 with the decline of the Madchester scene
+MEpXEUpNodu-00619-00159567-00159830 and the unglamorous 'no subjugating the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00620-00159831-00160082 tide of grant from america dominated the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00621-00160083-00160274 british alternative scene and music
+MEpXEUpNodu-00622-00160275-00160685 press in the early 1990s as a reaction a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00623-00160686-00160916 flurry of British bands emerge that wish
+MEpXEUpNodu-00624-00160917-00161306 to get rid of grunge and declare war on
+MEpXEUpNodu-00625-00161307-00161582 America taking the public and native
+MEpXEUpNodu-00626-00161583-00161957 music press by storm dubbed Brit pop by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00627-00161958-00162185 the media this movement represented by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00628-00162186-00162452 pulp blue suede and Oasis was the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00629-00162453-00162605 British equivalent of the grunge
+MEpXEUpNodu-00630-00162606-00162821 explosion in that the artists propelled
+MEpXEUpNodu-00631-00162822-00163004 alternative rock to the top of the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00632-00163005-00163262 charts in their home country Britpop
+MEpXEUpNodu-00633-00163263-00163475 bands were influenced by and displayed
+MEpXEUpNodu-00634-00163476-00163685 reverence for British guitar music of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00635-00163686-00163877 the past particularly movements and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00636-00163878-00164111 genres such as a British Invasion glam
+MEpXEUpNodu-00637-00164112-00164528 rock and punk rock in 1995 the Brit pop
+MEpXEUpNodu-00638-00164529-00164750 phenomenon culminated in a rivalry
+MEpXEUpNodu-00639-00164751-00164984 between its two chief groups Oasis and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00640-00164985-00165197 blur symbolized by their release of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00641-00165198-00165509 competing singles on the same day Blow
+MEpXEUpNodu-00642-00165510-00165869 won the Battle of Britpop but Oasis soon
+MEpXEUpNodu-00643-00165870-00166073 eclipsed the other band in popularity
+MEpXEUpNodu-00644-00166074-00166286 with their second album what's the story
+MEpXEUpNodu-00645-00166287-00166685 Morning Glory 1995 which went on to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00646-00166686-00166874 become the third best-selling album in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00647-00166875-00167954 the UK's history topic indie rock long
+MEpXEUpNodu-00648-00167955-00168152 synonymous with alternative rock as a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00649-00168153-00168368 whole in the US indie rock became a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00650-00168369-00168572 distinct form following the popular
+MEpXEUpNodu-00651-00168573-00168833 breakthrough of Nirvana indie rock was
+MEpXEUpNodu-00652-00168834-00169061 formulated as a rejection of alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00653-00169062-00169262 rocks absorption into the mainstream by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00654-00169263-00169478 artists who could not or refuse to cross
+MEpXEUpNodu-00655-00169479-00169774 over and a wariness of its macho
+MEpXEUpNodu-00656-00169775-00170060 aesthetic while indie rock artists share
+MEpXEUpNodu-00657-00170061-00170249 the punk-rock distrust of commercialism
+MEpXEUpNodu-00658-00170250-00170462 the genre does not entirely define
+MEpXEUpNodu-00659-00170463-00170693 itself against that as the general
+MEpXEUpNodu-00660-00170694-00170879 assumption is that it's virtually
+MEpXEUpNodu-00661-00170880-00171125 impossible to make indie Rock's varying
+MEpXEUpNodu-00662-00171126-00171338 musical approaches compatible with
+MEpXEUpNodu-00663-00171339-00171637 mainstream tastes in the first place
+MEpXEUpNodu-00664-00171638-00171920 labels such as Matador Records merge
+MEpXEUpNodu-00665-00171921-00172151 records and discord and indie rockers
+MEpXEUpNodu-00666-00172152-00172232 like pavement
+MEpXEUpNodu-00667-00172233-00172453 Superchunk Fugazi and sleater-kinney
+MEpXEUpNodu-00668-00172454-00172561 dominated
+MEpXEUpNodu-00669-00172562-00172773 the American indie scene for most of the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00670-00172774-00172906 1990s
+MEpXEUpNodu-00671-00172907-00173173 one of the main indie rock movements of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00672-00173174-00173557 the 1990s was lo-fi the movement which
+MEpXEUpNodu-00673-00173558-00173710 focused on the recording and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00674-00173711-00173908 distribution of music on low-quality
+MEpXEUpNodu-00675-00173909-00174148 cassette tapes initially emerged in the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00676-00174149-00174622 1980s by 1992 pavement Guided By Voices
+MEpXEUpNodu-00677-00174623-00174928 and sabado became popular lo-fi coal tax
+MEpXEUpNodu-00678-00174929-00175174 in the United States while subsequently
+MEpXEUpNodu-00679-00175175-00175375 artists like beck and liz phair brought
+MEpXEUpNodu-00680-00175376-00175602 the aesthetic to mainstream audiences
+MEpXEUpNodu-00681-00175603-00175897 the period also saw alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00682-00175898-00176121 confessional female singer-songwriters
+MEpXEUpNodu-00683-00176122-00176434 besides the aforementioned liz phair pj
+MEpXEUpNodu-00684-00176435-00177211 harvey fit into this subgroup topic post
+MEpXEUpNodu-00685-00177212-00177748 grunge during the latter half of the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00686-00177749-00178039 1990s grunge was supplanted by post
+MEpXEUpNodu-00687-00178040-00178354 grunge many post grunge bands lack the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00688-00178355-00178534 underground roots of grunge and were
+MEpXEUpNodu-00689-00178535-00178747 largely influenced by what grunge had
+MEpXEUpNodu-00690-00178748-00179047 become namely a wildly popular form of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00691-00179048-00179379 inward-looking serious-minded hard rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00692-00179380-00179668 many post grunge bands emulated the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00693-00179669-00179899 sound and style of grunge but not
+MEpXEUpNodu-00694-00179900-00180099 necessarily the individual
+MEpXEUpNodu-00695-00180100-00180385 idiosyncrasies of its original artists
+MEpXEUpNodu-00696-00180386-00180625 post grunge was a more commercially
+MEpXEUpNodu-00697-00180626-00180850 viable genre that tempered the distorted
+MEpXEUpNodu-00698-00180851-00181057 guitars of grunge with polished radio
+MEpXEUpNodu-00699-00181058-00181384 ready production originally post grunge
+MEpXEUpNodu-00700-00181385-00181648 was a label used almost pejoratively on
+MEpXEUpNodu-00701-00181649-00181825 bands that emerged when grande was
+MEpXEUpNodu-00702-00181826-00182054 mainstream and emulated the grunge sound
+MEpXEUpNodu-00703-00182055-00182365 the label suggested that bands labeled
+MEpXEUpNodu-00704-00182366-00182578 as post grunge were simply musically
+MEpXEUpNodu-00705-00182579-00182806 derivative or a cynical response to an
+MEpXEUpNodu-00706-00182807-00183139 authentic rock movement Bush Candlebox
+MEpXEUpNodu-00707-00183140-00183376 and collective soul were labeled almost
+MEpXEUpNodu-00708-00183377-00183574 pejoratively as post grunge which
+MEpXEUpNodu-00709-00183575-00183854 according to Tim Grayson of about.com is
+MEpXEUpNodu-00710-00183855-00184087 suggesting that rather than being a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00711-00184088-00184327 musical movement in their own right they
+MEpXEUpNodu-00712-00184328-00184591 were just a calculated cynical response
+MEpXEUpNodu-00713-00184592-00184861 to a legitimate stylistic shift in rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00714-00184862-00185179 music post grunge morphed during the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00715-00185180-00185458 late 1990s as post grunge bands such as
+MEpXEUpNodu-00716-00185459-00185668 Foo Fighters Creed and Nickelback
+MEpXEUpNodu-00717-00185669-00186160 emerged
+MEpXEUpNodu-00718-00186161-00186749 topic post-rock post-rock was
+MEpXEUpNodu-00719-00186750-00186965 established by talk talks laughing stock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00720-00186966-00187157 and Slynt spiderland albums both
+MEpXEUpNodu-00721-00187158-00187517 released in 1991 post-rock draws
+MEpXEUpNodu-00722-00187518-00187669 influence from a number of genres
+MEpXEUpNodu-00723-00187670-00187934 including krautrock progressive rock and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00724-00187935-00188270 jazz the genre subverts or rejects rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00725-00188271-00188468 conventions and often incorporates
+MEpXEUpNodu-00726-00188469-00188741 electronic music while the name of the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00727-00188742-00188954 genre was coined by music journalist
+MEpXEUpNodu-00728-00188955-00189275 Simon Reynolds in 1994 referring to hex
+MEpXEUpNodu-00729-00189276-00189512 by the London group bark psychosis the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00730-00189513-00189734 style of the genre was solidified by the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00731-00189735-00189923 release of millions now living will
+MEpXEUpNodu-00732-00189924-00190229 never die 1996 by the Chicago group
+MEpXEUpNodu-00733-00190230-00190508 tortoise post rock became the dominant
+MEpXEUpNodu-00734-00190509-00190757 form of experimental rock music in the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00735-00190758-00191042 1990s and bands from the genre signed to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00736-00191043-00191315 such labels as Thrill Jockey cranky Drag
+MEpXEUpNodu-00737-00191316-00191666 City and too pure a related genre math
+MEpXEUpNodu-00738-00191667-00191996 rock peaked in the mid 1990s in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00739-00191997-00192242 comparison to post rock math rock is
+MEpXEUpNodu-00740-00192243-00192596 more raucous and relies on complex time
+MEpXEUpNodu-00741-00192597-00192875 signatures and intertwining phrases by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00742-00192876-00193067 the end of the decade a backlash had
+MEpXEUpNodu-00743-00193068-00193306 emerged against post rock due to its
+MEpXEUpNodu-00744-00193307-00193631 dispassionate intellectuality and it's
+MEpXEUpNodu-00745-00193632-00193856 perceived increasing predictability but
+MEpXEUpNodu-00746-00193857-00194060 a new wave of post rock bands such as
+MEpXEUpNodu-00747-00194061-00194384 Godspeed you black Emperor and sigur rós
+MEpXEUpNodu-00748-00194385-00194716 emerged who further expanded the genre
+MEpXEUpNodu-00749-00194717-00195089 topic other trends in 1993 Smashing
+MEpXEUpNodu-00750-00195090-00195293 Pumpkins album SCI amaze dream was a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00751-00195294-00195578 major commercial success the strong
+MEpXEUpNodu-00752-00195579-00195755 influence of heavy metal and progressive
+MEpXEUpNodu-00753-00195756-00195989 rock on the album helped to legitimize
+MEpXEUpNodu-00754-00195990-00196184 alternative rock to mainstream radio
+MEpXEUpNodu-00755-00196185-00196394 programmers and closed the gap between
+MEpXEUpNodu-00756-00196395-00196607 alternative rock and the type of rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00757-00196608-00196904 played on American 1970s album-oriented
+MEpXEUpNodu-00758-00196905-00197324 rock radio in 1995 Smashing Pumpkins
+MEpXEUpNodu-00759-00197325-00197558 also released their double album Mellon
+MEpXEUpNodu-00760-00197559-00197744 Collie and the infinite sadness which
+MEpXEUpNodu-00761-00197745-00197963 went on to sell 10 million copies in the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00762-00197964-00198194 US alone certifying it as a diamond
+MEpXEUpNodu-00763-00198195-00198494 record after almost a decade in the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00764-00198495-00198707 underground ska punk a mixture of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00765-00198708-00198890 earlier British scar and punk acts
+MEpXEUpNodu-00766-00198891-00199156 became popular in the United States
+MEpXEUpNodu-00767-00199157-00199400 rancid was the first of the third way
+MEpXEUpNodu-00768-00199401-00199826 ska revival act to break in 1996 The
+MEpXEUpNodu-00769-00199827-00200075 Mighty Mighty Bosstones no doubt sublime
+MEpXEUpNodu-00770-00200076-00200282 Goldfinger real big fish
+MEpXEUpNodu-00771-00200283-00200504 less than J can save Ferris charted or
+MEpXEUpNodu-00772-00200505-00201287 received radio exposure topic change in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00773-00201288-00201773 sound by the end of the decade
+MEpXEUpNodu-00774-00201774-00202004 alternative rock style changed due to a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00775-00202005-00202223 number of events notably the death of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00776-00202224-00202520 Nirvana's Kurt Cobain in 1994 and Pearl
+MEpXEUpNodu-00777-00202521-00202724 Jam's lawsuit against concert venue
+MEpXEUpNodu-00778-00202725-00202955 promoter Ticketmaster which in effect by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00779-00202956-00203165 the group from playing many major venues
+MEpXEUpNodu-00780-00203166-00203477 around the United States in addition to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00781-00203478-00203663 the decline of grunge bands Britpop
+MEpXEUpNodu-00782-00203664-00203974 faded as Oasis third album be here now
+MEpXEUpNodu-00783-00203975-00204257 1997 received lackluster reviews and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00784-00204258-00204473 blur began to incorporate influences
+MEpXEUpNodu-00785-00204474-00204697 from American alternative rock a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00786-00204698-00204977 signifier of alternative Rock's changes
+MEpXEUpNodu-00787-00204978-00205136 was the hiatus of the Lollapalooza
+MEpXEUpNodu-00788-00205137-00205382 festival after an unsuccessful attempt
+MEpXEUpNodu-00789-00205383-00205757 to find a headliner in 1998 in light of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00790-00205758-00205987 the festival's troubles that year spin
+MEpXEUpNodu-00791-00205988-00206276 said Lollapalooza is as comatose as
+MEpXEUpNodu-00792-00206277-00206576 alternative rock right now despite a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00793-00206577-00206689 change in style
+MEpXEUpNodu-00794-00206690-00206890 alternative rock still managed to be
+MEpXEUpNodu-00795-00206891-00207136 mainstream post grunge remained
+MEpXEUpNodu-00796-00207137-00207344 commercially viable into the start of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00797-00207344-00207608 the 21st century when bands like Creed
+MEpXEUpNodu-00798-00207609-00207833 and matchbox 20 became among the most
+MEpXEUpNodu-00799-00207834-00208069 popular rock bands in the United States
+MEpXEUpNodu-00800-00208071-00208363 at the same time Britpop began to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00801-00208364-00208580 decline Radiohead achieved critical
+MEpXEUpNodu-00802-00208581-00208861 acclaim with its third album Ok Computer
+MEpXEUpNodu-00803-00208862-00209212 1997 and its follow-up skid a 2000 and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00804-00209213-00209498 amnesiac 2001 which were in marked
+MEpXEUpNodu-00805-00209498-00209678 contrast with the traditionalism of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00806-00209679-00209996 Britpop Radiohead along with post Brit
+MEpXEUpNodu-00807-00209996-00210169 pop groups like Traverse and Coldplay
+MEpXEUpNodu-00808-00210171-00210404 were major forces in British rock in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00809-00210405-00210823 subsequent years in the mid-1990s Sunny
+MEpXEUpNodu-00810-00210825-00211078 Day Real Estate defined the emos onre
+MEpXEUpNodu-00811-00211079-00211471 Weezer's album Pinkerton 1996 was also
+MEpXEUpNodu-00812-00211473-00211826 influential by 2009 into the new decade
+MEpXEUpNodu-00813-00211827-00212054 emo was one of the most popular rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00814-00212055-00212381 music genres popular acts included the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00815-00212382-00212612 sales success of bleed American by Jimmy
+MEpXEUpNodu-00816-00212613-00212792 Eat World 2001
+MEpXEUpNodu-00817-00212792-00212998 and dashboard confessionals the places
+MEpXEUpNodu-00818-00213000-00213367 you have come to fear the most 2003 the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00819-00213369-00213604 new emo had a much more mainstream sound
+MEpXEUpNodu-00820-00213605-00213839 than in the 1990s and a far greater
+MEpXEUpNodu-00821-00213840-00214030 appeal amongst adolescents than its
+MEpXEUpNodu-00822-00214031-00214342 earlier incarnations at the same time
+MEpXEUpNodu-00823-00214344-00214703 use of the term emo expanded beyond the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00824-00214704-00214957 musical genre becoming associated with
+MEpXEUpNodu-00825-00214958-00215171 fashion a hairstyle and any music that
+MEpXEUpNodu-00826-00215171-00215465 expressed emotion emos mainstream
+MEpXEUpNodu-00827-00215466-00215704 success continued with bands emerging in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00828-00215705-00215969 the 2000s including multi-platinum acts
+MEpXEUpNodu-00829-00215969-00216157 such as Fall Out Boy and My Chemical
+MEpXEUpNodu-00830-00216158-00216371 Romance and mainstream groups such as
+MEpXEUpNodu-00831-00216371-00217144 Paramore and Panic at the Disco topic
+MEpXEUpNodu-00832-00217144-00217846 21st century during the late 1990s and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00833-00217848-00218117 early 2000s several alternative rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00834-00218117-00218315 bands emerged including The Strokes
+MEpXEUpNodu-00835-00218316-00218552 Franz Ferdinand Interpol and the rapture
+MEpXEUpNodu-00836-00218553-00218753 that drew primary inspiration from
+MEpXEUpNodu-00837-00218754-00218980 post-punk and New Wave establishing the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00838-00218981-00219266 post-punk revival movement preceded by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00839-00219267-00219484 the success of bands such as The Strokes
+MEpXEUpNodu-00840-00219485-00219662 in the White Stripes earlier in the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00841-00219663-00219910 decade an influx of new alternative rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00842-00219911-00220115 bands including several post-punk
+MEpXEUpNodu-00843-00220116-00220313 revival artists and others such as The
+MEpXEUpNodu-00844-00220314-00220577 Killers and years found commercial
+MEpXEUpNodu-00845-00220578-00220928 success in the early and mid 2000s owing
+MEpXEUpNodu-00846-00220929-00221080 to the success of these bands
+MEpXEUpNodu-00847-00221081-00221390 Entertainment Weekly declared in 2004
+MEpXEUpNodu-00848-00221391-00221698 after almost a decade of domination by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00849-00221700-00221980 rap rock and new metal bands mainstream
+MEpXEUpNodu-00850-00221981-00222317 old rock is finally good again thirty
+MEpXEUpNodu-00851-00222317-00222566 Seconds to Mars experiencing a notable
+MEpXEUpNodu-00852-00222567-00222788 rise in popularity during the latter
+MEpXEUpNodu-00853-00222789-00223190 half of the 2000s American rock band Red
+MEpXEUpNodu-00854-00223191-00223394 Hot Chili Peppers entered a newfound
+MEpXEUpNodu-00855-00223394-00223727 popularity in 1999 after the release of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00856-00223728-00224063 their album Californication 1999 with
+MEpXEUpNodu-00857-00224064-00224355 continued success throughout the 2000s
+MEpXEUpNodu-00858-00224356-00224608 Arctic Monkeys were a prominent act
+MEpXEUpNodu-00859-00224609-00224806 through their initial commercial success
+MEpXEUpNodu-00860-00224807-00225023 to the use of internet social networking
+MEpXEUpNodu-00861-00225023-00225269 with two UK number-one singles and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00862-00225269-00225469 whatever people say I am that's what I'm
+MEpXEUpNodu-00863-00225471-00225733 not 2006 which became the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00864-00225734-00225934 fastest-selling debut album in British
+MEpXEUpNodu-00865-00225935-00226160 chart history
+MEpXEUpNodu-00866-00226161-00226388 most references to alternative rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00867-00226389-00226691 music in the United States past 2010 to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00868-00226692-00226859 the indie rock genre a term that
+MEpXEUpNodu-00869-00226860-00227084 previously had limited usage on
+MEpXEUpNodu-00870-00227085-00227292 alternative rock channels and media
+MEpXEUpNodu-00871-00227294-00227621 radio stations in the 2010s have been
+MEpXEUpNodu-00872-00227621-00227855 changing formats away from alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00873-00227856-00228083 rock but this is mostly motivated by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00874-00228084-00228263 conglomeration efforts coupled with
+MEpXEUpNodu-00875-00228264-00228596 advertisers seeking more top 40 top 100
+MEpXEUpNodu-00876-00228596-00228884 stations for sales while they have been
+MEpXEUpNodu-00877-00228885-00229091 conflicting opinions on the relevance of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00878-00229092-00229277 alternative rock to mainstream audiences
+MEpXEUpNodu-00879-00229278-00229616 beyond 2010 Dave Grohl commented on an
+MEpXEUpNodu-00880-00229617-00229880 article from the December 29th 2013
+MEpXEUpNodu-00881-00229881-00230153 issue of The New York Daily News stating
+MEpXEUpNodu-00882-00230154-00230485 that rock is dead speak for yourself
+MEpXEUpNodu-00883-00230486-00230794 rock seems pretty alive to me
+MEpXEUpNodu-00884-00230794-00231046 contemporary mainstream alternative rock
+MEpXEUpNodu-00885-00231048-00231278 bands tend to fuse musical elements of
+MEpXEUpNodu-00886-00231279-00231551 hard rock electronica hip hop indie and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00887-00231552-00231785 punk while placing emphasis on keyboards
+MEpXEUpNodu-00888-00231786-00232117 and guitar in 2010's British rock band
+MEpXEUpNodu-00889-00232119-00232352 Muse gained a worldwide recognition with
+MEpXEUpNodu-00890-00232353-00232532 their album the resistance and drones
+MEpXEUpNodu-00891-00232533-00232817 which won Grammy Awards American
+MEpXEUpNodu-00892-00232817-00233060 alternative duo twenty one pilots blurs
+MEpXEUpNodu-00893-00233061-00233282 the lines between genres including hip
+MEpXEUpNodu-00894-00233283-00233552 hop emo rock indie pop and reggae and
+MEpXEUpNodu-00895-00233553-00233755 has managed to break numerous records
+MEpXEUpNodu-00896-00233756-00234053 they became the first alternative act to
+MEpXEUpNodu-00897-00234054-00234281 have two concurrent top five singles in
+MEpXEUpNodu-00898-00234282-00234461 the United States while their fourth
+MEpXEUpNodu-00899-00234462-00234764 studio album blurryface 2015 was the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00900-00234765-00234962 very first album in history to have
+MEpXEUpNodu-00901-00234963-00235148 every song receive at least a gold
+MEpXEUpNodu-00902-00235148-00235280 certification from the Recording
+MEpXEUpNodu-00903-00235281-00235561 Industry Association of America
+MEpXEUpNodu-00904-00235562-00235826 twenty-one pilots also became the very
+MEpXEUpNodu-00905-00235827-00236044 first rock act to have a song reach a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00906-00236046-00236309 billion streams on Spotify their
+MEpXEUpNodu-00907-00236310-00236654 breakout hit single stressed out was the
+MEpXEUpNodu-00908-00236655-00236903 25th song to achieve the rare feat of at
+MEpXEUpNodu-00909-00236904-00237107 least 1 billion plays on the streaming
+MEpXEUpNodu-00910-00237108-00237413 platform the milestone comes at a time
+MEpXEUpNodu-00911-00237414-00237614 when music genres represented on
+MEpXEUpNodu-00912-00237615-00237809 streaming platforms like Spotify a
+MEpXEUpNodu-00913-00237810-00238048 fairly homogeneous being dominated by
+MEpXEUpNodu-00914-00238050-00238340 genres such as hip hop EDM and adult
+MEpXEUpNodu-00915-00238341-00238991 contemporary style pop
+MEpXEUpNodu-00916-00238992-00239489 topic see also
+MEpXEUpNodu-00917-00239490-00239854 adult album alternative radio format
+MEpXEUpNodu-00918-00239855-00240206 independent music list of alternative
+MEpXEUpNodu-00919-00240207-00240586 rock artists modern rock radio format
+MEpXEUpNodu-00920-00240587-00240983 spin alternative record guide timeline
+MEpXEUpNodu-00921-00240984-00241271 of alternative rock
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00000-00000800-00000975 hello this is your teacher barbara
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00001-00000976-00001231 rademacher and i'm here to give you
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00002-00001232-00001519 some instructions about the exam this
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00003-00001520-00001687 coming saturday
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00004-00001688-00001902 september 11th
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00005-00001903-00002175 i sent you two separate sets of
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00006-00002176-00002471 instructions there in your email
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00007-00002472-00002742 one for taking the class one for taking
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00008-00002743-00002958 the exam in the classroom
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00009-00002959-00003343 and the other for taking the test online
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00010-00003344-00003599 please read both sets of instructions
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00011-00003600-00003983 carefully and make your decision
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00012-00003984-00004111 personally
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00013-00004112-00004535 i think that taking the exam online
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00014-00004536-00004831 can be a little complicated
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00015-00004832-00005047 and you don't want to wait to find out
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00016-00005048-00005351 you haven't got the materials you need
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00017-00005352-00005718 like a laptop or desktop computer and a
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00018-00005719-00006038 webcam those are required
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00019-00006039-00006167 okay
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00020-00006168-00006510 uh being able to pay for the test
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00021-00006511-00006703 because you're being proctored by an
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00022-00006704-00006870 outside company
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00023-00006872-00007246 only four dollars and 25 cents but
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00024-00007247-00007470 you'll have to pay with a debit card a
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00025-00007472-00007774 credit card or a gift card
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00026-00007775-00008006 now if you can't do any of that then you
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00027-00008008-00008223 must come to class
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00028-00008224-00008391 to take the exam
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00029-00008392-00008695 in the classroom there are no makeups
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00030-00008696-00008999 for exam one attempt one
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00031-00009000-00009271 you will be able to take attempt two
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00032-00009272-00009567 until september 29th
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00033-00009568-00009831 so probably it would be better for
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00034-00009832-00010127 everybody if they chose to take the exam
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00035-00010128-00010414 in the classroom but that's up to you
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00036-00010415-00010687 you do have a choice
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00037-00010688-00010927 so read the instructions now
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00038-00010928-00011103 so you can prepare
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00039-00011104-00011414 for the method you want to use talk to
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00040-00011415-00011559 you later
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00041-00011560-00011767 see you saturday maybe
+MGCNNnbkCh8-00042-00011768-00012100 bye bye
+MKPJUYoq8sy-00000-00002410-00002663 [Music]
+MKPJUYoq8sy-00001-00002664-00003933 foreign
+MKPJUYoq8sy-00002-00003934-00006500 [Music]
+MKPJUYoq8sy-00004-00010314-00011635 [Music]
+MKPJUYoq8sy-00006-00015904-00016387 so
+MKPJUYoq8sy-00008-00021136-00021344 you
+MLOoHQmHzMQ-00000-00000000-00000016 [Music]
+MLOoHQmHzMQ-00001-00000017-00000157 foreign
+MLOoHQmHzMQ-00003-00003282-00003510 foreign
+MLOoHQmHzMQ-00005-00007302-00007462 foreign
+MLOoHQmHzMQ-00007-00012461-00012721 foreign
+MLOoHQmHzMQ-00008-00012722-00015085 [Music]
+MLOoHQmHzMQ-00009-00015086-00015611 thank you
+MLOoHQmHzMQ-00010-00015612-00017386 [Music]
+MLOoHQmHzMQ-00011-00017387-00017506 foreign
+MLOoHQmHzMQ-00012-00017507-00018047 [Music]
+MLOoHQmHzMQ-00013-00018048-00018266 [Applause]
+MLOoHQmHzMQ-00014-00018267-00020913 [Music]
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00000-00000050-00000407 sexi sure biography sabe Saxon biography
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00001-00000408-00000574 is a biographical dictionary of
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00002-00000575-00000746 noteworthy persons in the history of
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00003-00000747-00000935 Saxony from the 10th century to the
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00004-00000936-00001279 present as of 2014 it contained entries
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00005-00001280-00001726 for about 10,500 persons in about 1,250
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00006-00001727-00002030 biographies access via the project's
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00007-00002030-00002227 website and the biographical portal is
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00008-00002228-00002507 free of charge the dictionary is a
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00009-00002508-00002705 project of the Institute of Saxon
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00010-00002706-00002891 history and cultural anthropology is
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00011-00002892-00003245 Givi in dresden the project is directed
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00012-00003246-00003938 by historian martina Schakowsky
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00013-00003939-00004470 topic coverage
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00014-00004471-00004707 the dictionary provides biographical
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00015-00004708-00004905 data for men and women from all walks of
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00016-00004906-00005079 life who were notable in the history of
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00017-00005080-00005406 Saxony temporal coverage extends from
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00018-00005407-00005607 the 10th century which saw the gradual
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00019-00005608-00005796 onset of literacy in the area around
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00020-00005797-00006020 Meissen down to the present time
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00021-00006021-00006219 geographic coverage is within the
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00022-00006220-00006387 historical borders of the governments
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00023-00006388-00006588 that have existed in Saxony including
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00024-00006589-00006786 the medieval duchy the electorate of the
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00025-00006787-00006978 Holy Roman Empire and the current free
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00026-00006979-00007164 state of Saxony biographical articles
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00027-00007165-00007431 describe the ancestry life history and
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00028-00007431-00007631 achievements of individuals and families
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00029-00007633-00007908 according to standard guidelines the
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00030-00007909-00008109 length of articles varies depending on
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00031-00008109-00008295 the importance of the individual in the
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00032-00008296-00008532 available sources the scholarly
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00033-00008533-00008771 apparatus includes works cited sources
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00034-00008772-00008958 secondary literature and when
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00035-00008959-00009687 appropriate references to portraits
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00036-00009688-00010228 topic access
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00037-00010229-00010471 the index and full-text biographies in
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00038-00010472-00010723 German can be accessed via the is GV
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00039-00010724-00010930 website and the biographical portal a
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00040-00010931-00011098 common index of major German
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00041-00011099-00011365 biographical dictionaries the
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00042-00011366-00011548 biographies can also be accessed
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00043-00011549-00011767 directly from wikipedia articles via
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00044-00011768-00011932 links in the beacon format which is
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00045-00011933-00012115 being developed by volunteers at the
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00046-00012116-00012373 german wikipedia
+MOLmJ0PZfkg-00047-00012374-00012721 equals equals notes
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00000-00000338-00000611 when I listen to a sermon I want to know
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00001-00000612-00001141 that the preacher has sort of shown up
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00002-00001142-00001312 for work earlier in the week I think
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00003-00001313-00001490 it's Tom long who says you know the
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00004-00001491-00001721 congregation sends the preacher to the
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00005-00001722-00001939 text and says you're doing some work for
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00006-00001941-00002317 us for all of us come back and tell us
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00007-00002318-00002504 what you what you found out what you
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00008-00002505-00002954 know I like that I'm grateful actually
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00009-00002955-00003347 when my own pastors spend time like that
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00010-00003347-00003595 with a biblical text and then and then
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00011-00003596-00003803 work with us in the congregation as they
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00012-00003804-00004193 preach sharing helping us to make the
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00013-00004194-00004334 same kind of discoveries that they'd
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00014-00004335-00004829 made to the question of sort of the
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00015-00004830-00005126 ingredients of a good sermon I suppose
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00016-00005127-00005399 some you know some evidence that the
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00017-00005400-00005600 pastor has considered what they're going
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00018-00005601-00005911 to say and aren't just falling back on
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00019-00005912-00006200 the old sort of standard vocabulary or
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00020-00006201-00006542 or kind of generically hopeful thoughts
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00021-00006543-00006934 or something I also want the sermon to
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00022-00006936-00007127 be biblical and I don't mean that it has
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00023-00007128-00007498 to be verse by verse exegesis of a text
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00024-00007500-00007723 but that somehow if you imagine the
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00025-00007725-00007970 Bible kind of being a planet and having
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00026-00007970-00008249 a gravitational pull that biblical
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00027-00008250-00008687 sermons are in orbit moons in orbit
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00028-00008688-00009116 around that biblical witness and so some
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00029-00009117-00009274 of them are going to be quite close in
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00030-00009275-00009556 and almost you know a kind of bible
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00031-00009557-00009764 study others are going to be maybe more
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00032-00009765-00010153 thematic but they're recognizably
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00033-00010154-00010481 connected to the biblical witness and
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00034-00010482-00010789 then I really like something I think a
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00035-00010790-00010942 lot of people don't do very much of
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00036-00010943-00011270 which is connecting the porreca p of the
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00037-00011271-00011459 for the sunday the the little bit of
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00038-00011460-00011810 text that we get to its context i was
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00039-00011811-00012085 just looking at second Corinthians this
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00040-00012086-00012313 morning and Paul talks about God was in
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00041-00012314-00012496 Christ reconciling the world to himself
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00042-00012497-00012830 and I thought you know how interesting
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00043-00012831-00013024 that Paul talks about reconciliation the
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00044-00013025-00013353 cosmic reconciliation in a letter
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00045-00013354-00013572 where his relationship with the letter
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00046-00013572-00013788 with those who received this letter is
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00047-00013788-00014172 broken so it's very personal and yet its
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00048-00014172-00014403 cosmic at the same time and it's in that
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00049-00014404-00014680 context of a broken relationship that he
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00050-00014681-00014997 begins to talk about God's work to
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00051-00014997-00015222 reconcile everything so just that kind
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00052-00015222-00015419 of an insight can come from reading a
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00053-00015420-00015656 little more broadly in the in whatever
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00054-00015657-00015944 book or letter or whatever someone's
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00055-00015945-00016772 preaching
+MPlNjjr3EgQ-00056-00016773-00016979 you
+MR9orqWbwbU-00000-00000179-00000451 so give them sooner rosencrantz go to
+MR9orqWbwbU-00001-00000452-00000713 why man that you made love to this
+MR9orqWbwbU-00002-00000714-00000866 employment they are not near my
+MR9orqWbwbU-00003-00000867-00001082 conscience there to feed us by their own
+MR9orqWbwbU-00004-00001083-00001349 insinuation grow this most dangerous
+MR9orqWbwbU-00005-00001350-00001568 when the baser nature comes between a
+MR9orqWbwbU-00006-00001569-00001742 pass and fail and Simpson points of
+MR9orqWbwbU-00007-00001743-00002054 money opposite it must be shortly known
+MR9orqWbwbU-00008-00002055-00002204 to him from England what is the issue of
+MR9orqWbwbU-00009-00002205-00002582 the business there that I'm very sorry
+MR9orqWbwbU-00010-00002583-00002842 good Horatio that to lay Ortiz I forgot
+MR9orqWbwbU-00011-00002843-00003170 myself but in in the image of my calls I
+MR9orqWbwbU-00012-00003171-00003388 see the very portraiture of his I'll
+MR9orqWbwbU-00013-00003389-00003811 cordes favor sure the bravery of his
+MR9orqWbwbU-00014-00003812-00004084 grief to put me into a towering passion
+MR9orqWbwbU-00015-00004085-00004406 p su comes here your lordship is made
+MR9orqWbwbU-00016-00004407-00004715 welcome back to Denmark I humbly thank
+MR9orqWbwbU-00017-00004716-00005147 you sir the slowest water fly no my good
+MR9orqWbwbU-00018-00005148-00005468 lord sweet lord if your lordship were at
+MR9orqWbwbU-00019-00005469-00005668 leisure I should impart a thing to you
+MR9orqWbwbU-00020-00005669-00005995 from His Majesty I will receive it with
+MR9orqWbwbU-00021-00005996-00006578 all diligence of spirit dear lord His
+MR9orqWbwbU-00022-00006579-00006866 Majesty had they need signified to you
+MR9orqWbwbU-00023-00006867-00007094 that he had played a great wager on your
+MR9orqWbwbU-00024-00007095-00007339 head sir here's the mac obviously to
+MR9orqWbwbU-00025-00007340-00007601 remember nay and good thing for my knees
+MR9orqWbwbU-00026-00007602-00007931 in good faith one newly come to court
+MR9orqWbwbU-00027-00007931-00008351 layer tease Oh believe me an absolute
+MR9orqWbwbU-00028-00008352-00008678 gentleman full of excellent differences
+MR9orqWbwbU-00029-00008679-00008974 of very soft society and great showing
+MR9orqWbwbU-00030-00008975-00009209 so his the fireman suffers no perdition
+MR9orqWbwbU-00031-00009210-00009496 in you oh and you are not ignorant to
+MR9orqWbwbU-00032-00009497-00009776 what excellently at ease in I do not
+MR9orqWbwbU-00033-00009777-00009956 confess that last I should compare with
+MR9orqWbwbU-00034-00009957-00010184 him an excellence but to no man well or
+MR9orqWbwbU-00035-00010185-00010471 to know himself I mean sir for his
+MR9orqWbwbU-00036-00010472-00010826 weapon of the imputations laid on him by
+MR9orqWbwbU-00037-00010827-00011156 them but in his need he's unfollowed the
+MR9orqWbwbU-00038-00011157-00011392 orders his weapon a rapier and dagger
+MR9orqWbwbU-00039-00011393-00011920 that's two of his weapons well done my
+MR9orqWbwbU-00040-00011921-00012104 lord His Majesty
+MR9orqWbwbU-00041-00012105-00012410 had laid that in a dozen passes between
+MR9orqWbwbU-00042-00012411-00012677 yourn him he shall not exceed you read
+MR9orqWbwbU-00043-00012678-00012980 it he's laid on 12 49 and it should come
+MR9orqWbwbU-00044-00012981-00013196 to immediate trial if your lordship bout
+MR9orqWbwbU-00045-00013197-00013628 shape the answer I will walk here in the
+MR9orqWbwbU-00046-00013629-00013862 hall if it please his Majesty is the
+MR9orqWbwbU-00047-00013863-00014093 breathing time of day with me but the
+MR9orqWbwbU-00048-00014094-00014266 for else be brought the gentleman
+MR9orqWbwbU-00049-00014268-00014453 willing and a king hold his purpose I
+MR9orqWbwbU-00050-00014454-00014732 will win for him if I can if not i will
+MR9orqWbwbU-00051-00014733-00014993 gain nothing but my shame in the
+MR9orqWbwbU-00052-00014994-00015326 audience I commend my duty human ship
+MR9orqWbwbU-00053-00015327-00015824 yours yours he does well be committed to
+MR9orqWbwbU-00054-00015825-00015994 himself there are no tongues else first
+MR9orqWbwbU-00055-00015996-00016250 turn you will lose this wager my lord I
+MR9orqWbwbU-00056-00016251-00016538 do not think so since he went to France
+MR9orqWbwbU-00057-00016539-00016784 I have been in continual practice I'll
+MR9orqWbwbU-00058-00016785-00017051 beat him at the odds that was something
+MR9orqWbwbU-00059-00017052-00017324 Kallio all hears about my heart no
+MR9orqWbwbU-00060-00017325-00017678 matter name I good Morse is the foolery
+MR9orqWbwbU-00061-00017679-00017915 it is a kind of game giving as well
+MR9orqWbwbU-00062-00017916-00018320 perhaps trouble a woman if your mind
+MR9orqWbwbU-00063-00018321-00018584 like anything obey it i will first all
+MR9orqWbwbU-00064-00018585-00018731 the repair hither and say you're not fit
+MR9orqWbwbU-00065-00018732-00019115 not a whit we defy augury there's a
+MR9orqWbwbU-00066-00019116-00019280 special Providence in the fall of a
+MR9orqWbwbU-00067-00019281-00019640 sparrow if it be now tis not to come to
+MR9orqWbwbU-00068-00019641-00019916 be not to come it will be now if it be
+MR9orqWbwbU-00069-00019917-00020147 not now you know welcome the readiness
+MR9orqWbwbU-00070-00020148-00020422 is all since no man has all of what he
+MR9orqWbwbU-00071-00020423-00021166 leaves what is to leave the times
+MR9orqWbwbU-00072-00021167-00021894 come tablets come take this hand for me
+MR9orqWbwbU-00073-00021895-00022222 give me your pardon sir I've wronged you
+MR9orqWbwbU-00074-00022223-00022636 a partner as your and gentlemen this
+MR9orqWbwbU-00075-00022637-00022819 presence knows and you must need to have
+MR9orqWbwbU-00076-00022820-00022943 heard how I am punished with so
+MR9orqWbwbU-00077-00022944-00023219 distraction and what I have done that
+MR9orqWbwbU-00078-00023220-00023465 might your honor nature an exception
+MR9orqWbwbU-00079-00023466-00023657 roughly awake I hereby proclaim was
+MR9orqWbwbU-00080-00023658-00024080 madness was tablet wrong way Ortiz never
+MR9orqWbwbU-00081-00024081-00024521 Hamlet who does it then it's madness if
+MR9orqWbwbU-00082-00024522-00024767 it be so hand witness of the faction
+MR9orqWbwbU-00083-00024768-00024941 that is wrong his madness is for
+MR9orqWbwbU-00084-00024942-00025309 hamlet's enemy sir in this audience like
+MR9orqWbwbU-00085-00025310-00025555 Midas claiming from a purposed evil free
+MR9orqWbwbU-00086-00025556-00025747 me so far in your most generous thoughts
+MR9orqWbwbU-00087-00025748-00025945 that I have shot my arrow over the house
+MR9orqWbwbU-00088-00025947-00026383 and hurt my brother I am satisfied in
+MR9orqWbwbU-00089-00026385-00026699 nature whose motive in this case should
+MR9orqWbwbU-00090-00026700-00027014 stir me most to my revenge but in my
+MR9orqWbwbU-00091-00027014-00027254 terms of Honor I stand aloof and will no
+MR9orqWbwbU-00092-00027255-00027464 reconcilement to buy some elder masters
+MR9orqWbwbU-00093-00027464-00027668 of known honor I have a voice and
+MR9orqWbwbU-00094-00027669-00028065 precedent apiece to keep my name on Gord
+MR9orqWbwbU-00095-00028066-00028427 until that time I do receive your
+MR9orqWbwbU-00096-00028427-00028685 offered love like love and will not
+MR9orqWbwbU-00097-00028686-00028945 wrong i receive it freely and will this
+MR9orqWbwbU-00098-00028947-00029285 brothers wager frankly play come bring
+MR9orqWbwbU-00099-00029286-00029510 us the foils come one for me i'll be
+MR9orqWbwbU-00100-00029511-00029827 your foil era sees you mock me sir no by
+MR9orqWbwbU-00101-00029828-00030056 this hand doesn't handle it you know the
+MR9orqWbwbU-00102-00030057-00030332 wager very well your grace is laid the
+MR9orqWbwbU-00103-00030333-00030611 odds of the weaker side I do not fear it
+MR9orqWbwbU-00104-00030612-00030851 I've seen you both but since he has
+MR9orqWbwbU-00105-00030852-00031045 bettered we have therefore odds this
+MR9orqWbwbU-00106-00031047-00031237 one's too heavy let me see another and
+MR9orqWbwbU-00107-00031238-00031508 this one likes me well the fold over all
+MR9orqWbwbU-00108-00031508-00031777 the way I my lord the King shall drink
+MR9orqWbwbU-00109-00031778-00032024 to Hamlet's better breath and in the cup
+MR9orqWbwbU-00110-00032025-00032258 and Union shall be throw richer than
+MR9orqWbwbU-00111-00032258-00032452 that which four successive kings and
+MR9orqWbwbU-00112-00032453-00032893 Denmark's crown have warm [__] begin and
+MR9orqWbwbU-00113-00032894-00033271 you the judge bear a wary eye come sir
+MR9orqWbwbU-00114-00033272-00034426 come my lord
+MR9orqWbwbU-00115-00034427-00034778 florin no judgment I hit a very palpable
+MR9orqWbwbU-00116-00034779-00035353 hit oil again stay it may drink emili´s
+MR9orqWbwbU-00117-00035354-00035833 this pearl is thine ears till I help
+MR9orqWbwbU-00118-00035834-00036161 give him the cup I will play the spout
+MR9orqWbwbU-00119-00036162-00037663 first set of by a while
+MR9orqWbwbU-00120-00037664-00037907 another here let's say you the touch of
+MR9orqWbwbU-00121-00037908-00038330 touch I do confess Oh son shall win come
+MR9orqWbwbU-00122-00038331-00038735 take my napkin but my bro the Queen
+MR9orqWbwbU-00123-00038736-00038972 carouses to thy fortune Hamlet good
+MR9orqWbwbU-00124-00038973-00039341 bottom Gucci do that drink I will my
+MR9orqWbwbU-00125-00039342-00039920 lord I pray you pardon me it's the
+MR9orqWbwbU-00126-00039921-00040367 poison Cup it is too late I'm gonna
+MR9orqWbwbU-00127-00040368-00040973 drink yet madam set it by while my lord
+MR9orqWbwbU-00128-00040974-00041177 i shall hit him now I don't think it's
+MR9orqWbwbU-00129-00041178-00041392 yeah it is almost gates my conscience
+MR9orqWbwbU-00130-00041393-00041729 come for the third layer tease you but
+MR9orqWbwbU-00131-00041730-00042122 dally I pray that's what your best
+MR9orqWbwbU-00132-00042123-00042305 violence I'm afeard you make it wanted
+MR9orqWbwbU-00133-00042306-00043567 of me say you show nothing neither way
+MR9orqWbwbU-00134-00043568-00044902 cover charge of a queen their home
+MR9orqWbwbU-00135-00044903-00045161 presently HS would come to my own
+MR9orqWbwbU-00136-00045162-00045356 springe Osric I'm just like killed by
+MR9orqWbwbU-00137-00045357-00045626 mine own treachery then how's the point
+MR9orqWbwbU-00138-00045627-00045871 she swoons to see them bleed haha yeah
+MR9orqWbwbU-00139-00045872-00046244 drink the drink oh I do you're handling
+MR9orqWbwbU-00140-00046245-00047123 the drink I am poison Oh treachery slide
+MR9orqWbwbU-00141-00047124-00047381 the door bell anything else is here
+MR9orqWbwbU-00142-00047382-00047765 Hamlet now look at what sleep the
+MR9orqWbwbU-00143-00047766-00047939 treacherous instrument is in thy hand on
+MR9orqWbwbU-00144-00047940-00048245 beta didn't venom fell branches had
+MR9orqWbwbU-00145-00048246-00048647 turned itself on me oh here I'll I never
+MR9orqWbwbU-00146-00048648-00049133 to rise again my mother's poison I can
+MR9orqWbwbU-00147-00049134-00049705 no more the king the change the blame
+MR9orqWbwbU-00148-00049706-00050044 the point in venom to invent them to my
+MR9orqWbwbU-00149-00050045-00050407 work trees are free then move dad help
+MR9orqWbwbU-00150-00050408-00050686 me trends i am but Hart O'Hara no
+MR9orqWbwbU-00151-00050687-00051090 incestuous murderous damned Dane drink
+MR9orqWbwbU-00152-00051091-00051432 i'll type ocean is thy Union here follow
+MR9orqWbwbU-00153-00051433-00051942 my mother it's just Lee served the
+MR9orqWbwbU-00154-00051944-00052261 poison tempered by himself exchange
+MR9orqWbwbU-00155-00052262-00052530 forgiveness with me noble Hamlet mine
+MR9orqWbwbU-00156-00052532-00052719 and my mother's death coming out on me
+MR9orqWbwbU-00157-00052720-00053107 no mine on me I would make this free of
+MR9orqWbwbU-00158-00053108-00054129 it hi Paula Deen you the look pale and
+MR9orqWbwbU-00159-00054130-00054445 tremble this chance who are the
+MR9orqWbwbU-00160-00054446-00054679 mutuality as to this act and I would
+MR9orqWbwbU-00161-00054679-00055588 time look I can tell you let it be nice
+MR9orqWbwbU-00162-00055589-00056149 yo I'm dead I thought it's ever hold me
+MR9orqWbwbU-00163-00056150-00056404 in thy heart I've Sydney from Felicity a
+MR9orqWbwbU-00164-00056404-00056734 while and in this harsh world draw thy
+MR9orqWbwbU-00165-00056735-00057354 breath in pain to tell my story the rest
+MR9orqWbwbU-00166-00057355-00058013 is silence goodnight
+MR9orqWbwbU-00167-00058014-00058482 sweet prince flights of angels sing thee
+MR9orqWbwbU-00168-00058483-00059046 to thy rest
+MR9orqWbwbU-00169-00059047-00059310 our wheels and fates do so contrary run
+MR9orqWbwbU-00170-00059311-00059516 that our devices still are overthrown
+MR9orqWbwbU-00171-00059517-00060162 our thoughts are ours their ends none of
+MR9orqWbwbU-00172-00060163-00060554 our own
+MR9orqWbwbU-00173-00060554-00060758 Oh
+MW6AwEW0bJu-00001-00006989-00008059 [Music]
+MW6AwEW0bJu-00002-00008059-00010803 [Music]
+MW6AwEW0bJu-00003-00010804-00012750 [Music]
+MW6AwEW0bJu-00004-00012751-00014909 [Music]
+MW6AwEW0bJu-00006-00019844-00020050 you
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00000-00000110-00000703 hi my name is Jeremy Martin and I am
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00001-00000704-00000979 making a video testimonial for the free
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00002-00000980-00001385 or sell as program that I did with
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00003-00001386-00001670 Lawrence Gold's program it was just
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00004-00001671-00001916 really beneficial to me and I wanted to
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00005-00001917-00002063 tell some other folks about it because I
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00006-00002064-00002233 think more people should know about this
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00007-00002234-00002525 I think it's also important to mention
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00008-00002526-00002663 right up front that I was not paid
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00009-00002664-00002939 anything for this testimonial or given
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00010-00002940-00003085 any kind of special discounts or
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00011-00003086-00003226 anything I really didn't pay much for
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00012-00003227-00003670 the program to begin with but the the my
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00013-00003671-00003895 purpose in making this video is just to
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00014-00003896-00004202 let you guys know it's a great thing if
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00015-00004203-00004429 you do have problems with your so as not
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00016-00004430-00004658 releasing or other kinds of problems
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00017-00004659-00005156 with it so basically I I got a diagnosis
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00018-00005157-00005506 of some hip arthritis and I also had
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00019-00005507-00005759 some torn muscles around that area I
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00020-00005760-00005945 don't think the psoas itself was torn
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00021-00005946-00006277 but just like some some basic athletics
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00022-00006278-00006667 strains probably that caused me to
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00023-00006668-00006998 decide to immobilize my hip for several
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00024-00006998-00007281 months nearly immobilize it anyway and
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00025-00007283-00007699 my I believe now that my nerves my brain
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00026-00007700-00008081 whoever controls my involuntary muscles
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00027-00008081-00008221 like the psoas just stopped working
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00028-00008222-00008573 right on the immobilized hip joint so I
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00029-00008574-00008759 was having these symptoms that were
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00030-00008760-00008987 really frustrating to me and honestly
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00031-00008988-00009376 kind of scary where my so as would
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00032-00009377-00009683 involuntarily lockup and I'd have
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00033-00009684-00009871 trouble releasing releasing that muscle
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00034-00009872-00010145 and letting my hip down really strange
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00035-00010146-00010484 symptoms and I wasn't able to get any
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00036-00010485-00010646 kind of relief from physical therapy
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00037-00010647-00010888 they didn't know what to do luckily my
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00038-00010889-00011248 wife helped me get a correct diagnosis
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00039-00011249-00011477 nobody knew any kind of treatment that
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00040-00011478-00011678 was good but I got a diagnosis at least
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00041-00011679-00011863 did a lot of research and came across
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00042-00011864-00012152 Lawrence Gold's program I thought what
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00043-00012153-00012401 the heck I'm gonna give it a shot
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00044-00012402-00012760 I've never really been a huge consumer
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00045-00012761-00012991 an alternative medicine and that type of
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00046-00012992-00013313 thing but I mean I thought
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00047-00013313-00013532 I'll try anything and I just couldn't
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00048-00013533-00013972 believe how well this worked he made a
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00049-00013974-00014144 pretty bold claim I believe in the video
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00050-00014144-00014333 which got me started on it he said I can
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00051-00014334-00014606 fix this problem in a very short period
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00052-00014607-00014753 of time I can't remember what the exact
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00053-00014754-00014936 claim was I thought wow that's pretty
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00054-00014937-00015155 bold I'll give this a shot and prove him
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00055-00015156-00015344 wrong and all of a sudden started
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00056-00015344-00015569 working and by working what I'm saying
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00057-00015569-00015950 is my so has started to actuate
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00058-00015951-00016297 correctly and it made my hip operation
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00059-00016297-00016583 smooth and in a way that I wanted it to
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00060-00016584-00016829 go in a controlled manner my hip was no
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00061-00016830-00017231 longer locking up took a little while to
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00062-00017232-00017375 get full functionality back but by a
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00063-00017376-00017564 little while I'm just saying maybe a
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00064-00017565-00017917 week or two I had 80% I'd say
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00065-00017918-00018143 functionality back and this goes after a
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00066-00018144-00018413 month or two of having poor
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00067-00018414-00018665 functionality so just really and
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00068-00018666-00018854 immediately after doing the free your
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00069-00018855-00019103 psoas program like the first day or two
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00070-00019104-00019286 I started seeing dramatic improvements
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00071-00019287-00019649 so I just thought it was a wonderful
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00072-00019650-00019946 thing that you can go you can go to
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00073-00019947-00020081 doctors and they could not know what to
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00074-00020082-00020275 do with this but if you do these simple
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00075-00020276-00020619 exercises it trains your muscles how to
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00076-00020620-00020933 work correctly these cell has muscles
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00077-00020934-00021035 have been reading about them and they're
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00078-00021036-00021284 kind of pseudo and voluntary they don't
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00079-00021285-00021392 they're not like a lot of the other
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00080-00021393-00021746 muscles so it's tough to have to train
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00081-00021747-00021992 them back correctly and this program did
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00082-00021993-00022277 it for me so I wanted to tell told
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00083-00022278-00022519 Lawrence I'd like to make a testimonial
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00084-00022520-00022724 some kind and hopefully spread the word
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00085-00022725-00022961 and if you're having a problem I hope
+MXBIFmMq0Lk-00086-00022962-00023315 this helps you too because it helped me
+Mas1to3BmdY-00000-00001512-00001959 what a presenter
+Mas1to3BmdY-00001-00001960-00002487 [Music]
+Mas1to3BmdY-00002-00002488-00002863 she's very very fluent my class wait
+Mas1to3BmdY-00003-00002864-00003055 oh you shouldn't go the presentation is
+Mas1to3BmdY-00004-00003056-00003231 not over yet
+Mas1to3BmdY-00005-00003232-00003431 you will you will get that point and
+Mas1to3BmdY-00006-00003432-00003606 then the chocolates will buy after the
+Mas1to3BmdY-00007-00003607-00003695 presentation
+Mas1to3BmdY-00008-00003696-00004047 is okay no papa
+Mas1to3BmdY-00009-00004047-00005648 up in your mug
+Mas1to3BmdY-00010-00005649-00007039 [Music]
+Mas1to3BmdY-00011-00007040-00009783 the cowboy
+Mas1to3BmdY-00012-00009784-00009967 do you know the elaboration of that
+Mas1to3BmdY-00013-00009968-00010183 bangladesh
+Mas1to3BmdY-00014-00010184-00010495 no you know it boss is bangladesh online
+Mas1to3BmdY-00015-00010496-00010806 school right okay no i'm
+Mas1to3BmdY-00016-00010807-00011151 english english yeah okay
+Mas1to3BmdY-00017-00011152-00011687 come come come here it's not over
+Mas1to3BmdY-00018-00011688-00012087 okay okay who gave this to you
+Mas1to3BmdY-00019-00012088-00012383 be careful you'll get hurt right that's
+Mas1to3BmdY-00020-00012384-00012567 good
+Mas1to3BmdY-00021-00012568-00012943 what is your favorite food fruit
+Mas1to3BmdY-00022-00012944-00013271 fruit how about chocolates
+Mas1to3BmdY-00023-00013272-00013511 no you don't like chocolates no oh we
+Mas1to3BmdY-00024-00013512-00013727 must not eat chocolates right
+Mas1to3BmdY-00025-00013728-00014047 how about ice creams no actually it's
+Mas1to3BmdY-00026-00014047-00014158 very harmful
+Mas1to3BmdY-00027-00014159-00014471 because ice cream is very cold so it is
+Mas1to3BmdY-00028-00014472-00014679 very harmful and it's very cold
+Mas1to3BmdY-00029-00014680-00014847 and how about chocolates should you eat
+Mas1to3BmdY-00030-00014847-00014999 chocolates no
+Mas1to3BmdY-00031-00015000-00015319 no because for my teeth
+Mas1to3BmdY-00032-00015319-00015638 oh my god you see dear viewers how smart
+Mas1to3BmdY-00033-00015640-00015838 this girl is
+Mas1to3BmdY-00034-00015840-00016247 so how about uh-huh but how about
+Mas1to3BmdY-00035-00016247-00016567 chips no that's not good as well no
+Mas1to3BmdY-00036-00016568-00016919 chicken yummy is it yummy
+Mas1to3BmdY-00037-00016920-00017086 but what do you want to be when you grow
+Mas1to3BmdY-00038-00017087-00017335 up i want to be
+Mas1to3BmdY-00039-00017336-00017743 a parent a pilot oh that's so good
+Mas1to3BmdY-00040-00017744-00018007 okay that's really nice why do you want
+Mas1to3BmdY-00041-00018008-00018567 to be a pilot
+Mas1to3BmdY-00042-00018568-00018847 okay okay okay come here right good good
+Mas1to3BmdY-00043-00018848-00019022 so you need to be a pilot i need to fly
+Mas1to3BmdY-00044-00019023-00019150 planes right
+Mas1to3BmdY-00045-00019151-00019414 and i want to be a doctor you want to be
+Mas1to3BmdY-00046-00019415-00019575 a doctor too
+Mas1to3BmdY-00047-00019576-00019927 a pilot and a doctor because a doctor
+Mas1to3BmdY-00048-00019928-00019975 can
+Mas1to3BmdY-00049-00019976-00020239 help everyone get better okay that's
+Mas1to3BmdY-00050-00020240-00020527 really nice
+Mas1to3BmdY-00051-00020528-00020927 he's a firefighter firefighter also
+Mas1to3BmdY-00052-00020928-00021207 so you want to be a doctor a firefighter
+Mas1to3BmdY-00053-00021208-00021976 and a pilot
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00000-00001271-00001495 hello everybody welcome to the wrap up
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00001-00001496-00001647 and consolidation
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00002-00001648-00001975 for week three in the course
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00003-00001976-00002271 where are we at this point in the course
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00004-00002272-00002447 remember there are three segments to
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00005-00002448-00002679 this course
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00006-00002680-00003007 the first three classes are pbl scenario
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00007-00003008-00003319 one which focuses on the self or
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00008-00003320-00003503 identity
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00009-00003504-00003854 pbl scenario two the the classes focus
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00010-00003855-00004054 on the other
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00011-00004055-00004295 and pbl scenario three
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00012-00004296-00004375 the
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00013-00004376-00004543 tutorials
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00014-00004544-00004886 focus on society
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00015-00004887-00005095 so where are we
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00016-00005096-00005375 first of all with assignments
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00017-00005376-00005606 for assignment one you presented two
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00018-00005607-00005886 slides during tutorial two to talk about
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00019-00005887-00006143 your location
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00020-00006144-00006439 for assignment two you prepared a map of
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00021-00006440-00006646 your identity and you posted it in a
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00022-00006647-00006942 blackboard discussion forum
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00023-00006943-00007119 for assignment three
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00024-00007120-00007351 you will be asked to post twice in
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00025-00007352-00007598 blackboard this week on the topic of
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00026-00007600-00008063 your identity
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00027-00008064-00008374 pbl scenario 1
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00028-00008375-00008695 in class on week one you were asked to
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00029-00008696-00008951 engage in a pbl process
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00030-00008952-00009183 in which you identify and seek out
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00031-00009184-00009463 knowledge and resources to understand a
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00032-00009464-00009559 problem
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00033-00009560-00009887 and create a solution to the problem
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00034-00009888-00010095 the general topic is
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00035-00010096-00010231 identity
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00036-00010232-00010838 and does it matter where you are born
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00037-00010839-00011151 some questions from the tutorial in week
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00038-00011152-00011255 2
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00039-00011256-00011542 can help you as you ponder
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00040-00011543-00012014 this problem-based learning scenario
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00041-00012015-00012295 which aspects of your identity roles
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00042-00012296-00012542 experiences or relationships
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00043-00012543-00012966 are most essential to your sense of self
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00044-00012967-00013327 which elements do you think may increase
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00045-00013328-00013615 or decrease in importance to you over
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00046-00013616-00013838 time
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00047-00013840-00014166 how might your social location map
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00048-00014168-00014303 itself
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00049-00014304-00014719 change over time
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00050-00014719-00014999 and other questions do any of the items
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00051-00015000-00015350 on your map conflict with others
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00052-00015351-00015583 how do you navigate those conflicts and
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00053-00015584-00015879 stay true to yourself
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00054-00015880-00016119 how does who you are change
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00055-00016119-00016415 depending on the situation
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00056-00016416-00016655 how much control do you have over your
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00057-00016656-00016919 own identity
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00058-00016920-00017191 and how can we convey to others our
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00059-00017192-00017783 sense of our own identity
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00060-00017784-00018022 in the tutorial this week you will be
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00061-00018023-00018303 presenting your pbl scenario around
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00062-00018304-00018439 identity
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00063-00018440-00018686 where you identify the problem the
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00064-00018687-00019039 resources and solutions to the problem
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00065-00019040-00019247 you also have the alternative of
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00066-00019248-00019558 preparing a short
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00067-00019559-00019683 video
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00068-00019684-00019935 presentation rather than presenting in
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00069-00019936-00020335 class
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00070-00020336-00020591 thanks for all of your hard work
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00071-00020592-00020919 in the first section of the course where
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00072-00020920-00021111 we explore self
+MaQDJOKdkeY-00073-00021112-00021384 and identity
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00000-00000000-00000932 okay so this is my cat Scottie so yeah
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00001-00000933-00001523 so he's a simple cat he was well he's
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00002-00001524-00002954 very mellow he follows me around follow
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00003-00002955-00003565 me for me yes
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00004-00003565-00003979 hey Scottie me
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00005-00003979-00004616 yeah it's whenever I just go go down to
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00006-00004617-00004910 sell kind of takes a moment all up but
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00007-00004911-00005777 and really doesn't matter
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00008-00005778-00006252 so he Sonja's old he's a male can't he's
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00009-00006253-00006777 nervous but when my mom and I got him at
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00010-00006778-00007680 the other shelter in Pasadena he he just
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00011-00007681-00007962 came straight up to us and now he
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00012-00007963-00008184 sometimes whenever I would take a shower
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00013-00008184-00009129 just would go up in wait for me and took
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00014-00009130-00009402 him to the vet one time his weight does
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00015-00009403-00009555 seem to be 12 pounds
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00016-00009556-00009896 time well not all the way but have we
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00017-00009897-00010091 keep on continuing with this current
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00018-00010092-00010593 food that we were feeding him it'd be
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00019-00010594-00011033 well basically
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00020-00011034-00011274 yeah it'd be a whole different story but
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00021-00011275-00011988 we switched him look at the camera say
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00022-00011989-00012677 hi to YouTube yeah so he's a nice little
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00023-00012678-00013074 cat mellow he likes to sleep and I
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00024-00013075-00013291 forget I've got him on my bed before
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00025-00013293-00013596 well it's nice loving just needed some
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00026-00013597-00014055 love came all the way from New York was
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00027-00014056-00014297 found as a stray in Glendale oh no
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00028-00014298-00014522 probably moved to San Francisco but
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00029-00014523-00014844 claim that this that Scottie wasn't his
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00030-00014844-00017283 cat and yeah can you show us your spot
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00031-00017284-00017866 just he loves to cuddle look at the
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00032-00017867-00017967 camera
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00033-00017968-00018217 he has a little spawn in this mouth
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00034-00018218-00018529 probably from the some food he was named
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00035-00018530-00019021 spotty at the shelter so he came from
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00036-00019022-00019606 the Pasadena Humane Society that's where
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00037-00019607-00020209 we got him it's just nice loving animal
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00038-00020210-00021322 just need some TLC nice yeah been going
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00039-00021323-00022123 slow with him what I mainly do is I
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00040-00022124-00023073 usually get his attention so hi Scottie
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00041-00023074-00023449 yeah and for those wondering yes
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00042-00023450-00024012 his face is my profile pic picture so
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00043-00024013-00024451 yeah so you like again he likes to sleep
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00044-00024452-00024718 a lot it's not very active but he is
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00045-00024719-00025150 playful I've been able to get a fiddle
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00046-00025151-00025677 when I'm with the toy miss story see if
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00047-00025679-00026161 we can do it you gotta just gotta get
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00048-00026162-00026492 him like looking at it
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00049-00026493-00027354 I get the toy so
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00050-00027355-00027814 Oh
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00051-00027815-00028243 yep so he got the toy or he must be
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00052-00028244-00028389 tired
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00053-00028390-00029041 yeah oh there we go
+MeVhVo4Blhy-00054-00029042-00029428 so yep that's my chair
+MgnhT97ifaM-00000-00000000-00000028 [Music]
+MgnhT97ifaM-00001-00000029-00000098 foreign
+MgnhT97ifaM-00002-00000099-00001212 [Music]
+MgnhT97ifaM-00003-00001213-00001487 but what the original cooldown is on
+MgnhT97ifaM-00004-00001488-00001667 your
+MgnhT97ifaM-00005-00001668-00002009 skill when you look at the seal
+MgnhT97ifaM-00006-00002010-00002237 180.
+MgnhT97ifaM-00007-00002238-00002452 so 20 percent
+MgnhT97ifaM-00008-00002453-00002789 take it away from 180 it's like 36 so
+MgnhT97ifaM-00009-00002790-00003269 36. the landing with 144.
+MgnhT97ifaM-00010-00003270-00003472 and the end of the 60 seconds will be
+MgnhT97ifaM-00011-00003473-00003670 84. okay
+MgnhT97ifaM-00012-00003671-00003994 wash them and get them all equipped
+MgnhT97ifaM-00013-00003995-00004609 [Music]
+MgnhT97ifaM-00014-00004610-00005051 180. why is it not at 144.
+MgnhT97ifaM-00015-00005052-00005447 I just take notice of this man
+MgnhT97ifaM-00016-00005448-00005783 any little even one percent drop on my
+MgnhT97ifaM-00017-00005784-00005968 damage of what they do to the bosses I'm
+MgnhT97ifaM-00018-00005969-00006154 gonna take notice of that and this I
+MgnhT97ifaM-00019-00006155-00006432 took notice of what's going on
+MgnhT97ifaM-00020-00006433-00006664 I don't know how long this is going on
+MgnhT97ifaM-00021-00006665-00006779 but
+MgnhT97ifaM-00022-00006780-00006959 [Music]
+MgnhT97ifaM-00023-00006959-00007451 anyway man gonna be happening
+MgnhT97ifaM-00024-00007452-00007927 fooling us over here
+MgnhT97ifaM-00025-00007928-00008345 so yeah take a look at that uh Dave take
+MgnhT97ifaM-00026-00008346-00008755 a look at that
+MgnhT97ifaM-00027-00008756-00009028 patch he gets nerfed it without us
+MgnhT97ifaM-00028-00009029-00009502 knowing but take a look at him
+MgnhT97ifaM-00029-00009503-00011074 [Music]
+MgnhT97ifaM-00030-00011075-00011318 foreign
+MhLx1VejJE4-00000-00000017-00000262 this is a list of games for the Sam
+MhLx1VejJE4-00001-00000263-00000503 coupe a the Sam coupe a is a British
+MhLx1VejJE4-00002-00000504-00000719 8-bit home computer manufactured by
+MhLx1VejJE4-00003-00000720-00001016 Miles Gordon technology mgt and released
+MhLx1VejJE4-00004-00001017-00001632 in 1989
+MhLx1VejJE4-00005-00001632-00002155 topic see also
+MhLx1VejJE4-00006-00002156-00002718 Sam Cooper
+MhLx1VejJE4-00007-00002719-00003272 topic external links
+MhLx1VejJE4-00008-00003272-00003736 games database MGT Sam coupe retro gamer
+MhLx1VejJE4-00009-00003738-00004379 Sam coupe a Sam specky cz games the list
+MhLx1VejJE4-00010-00004380-00004880 of Sam coupe a games world of Sam
+MifSn_0hmqY-00000-00000059-00000340 the turbo fan or fan jet is a type of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00001-00000341-00000548 air-breathing jet engine that is widely
+MifSn_0hmqY-00002-00000549-00000891 used in aircraft propulsion the word
+MifSn_0hmqY-00003-00000892-00001356 turbofan is a portmanteau of turbine and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00004-00001357-00001741 fan the turbo portion refers to a gas
+MifSn_0hmqY-00005-00001742-00001984 turbine engine which achieves mechanical
+MifSn_0hmqY-00006-00001985-00002207 energy from combustion and the fan a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00007-00002208-00002429 ducted fan that uses the mechanical
+MifSn_0hmqY-00008-00002430-00002617 energy from the gas turbine to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00009-00002618-00002921 accelerate air rear woods thus whereas
+MifSn_0hmqY-00010-00002922-00003127 all the air taken in by a turbojet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00011-00003128-00003359 passes through the turbine through the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00012-00003360-00003620 combustion chamber in a turbofan some of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00013-00003621-00003947 that air bypasses the turbine a turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00014-00003947-00004156 thus can be thought of as a turbojet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00015-00004157-00004418 being used to drive a ducted fan with
+MifSn_0hmqY-00016-00004419-00004663 both of these contributing to the frost
+MifSn_0hmqY-00017-00004664-00004976 the ratio of the mass flow of air by
+MifSn_0hmqY-00018-00004977-00005200 passing the engine core divided by the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00019-00005201-00005411 mass flow of air passing through the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00020-00005412-00005677 core is referred to as the bypass ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00021-00005678-00005945 the engine produces thrust through a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00022-00005946-00006118 combination of these two portions
+MifSn_0hmqY-00023-00006119-00006368 working together engines that use more
+MifSn_0hmqY-00024-00006369-00006608 jet thrust relative to fan thrust are
+MifSn_0hmqY-00025-00006609-00006887 known as low-bypass turbofans conversely
+MifSn_0hmqY-00026-00006888-00007094 those that have considerably more fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00027-00007095-00007309 thrust than jet thrust are known as high
+MifSn_0hmqY-00028-00007311-00007642 bypass most commercial aviation jet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00029-00007643-00007823 engines in use today are of the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00030-00007823-00008035 high-bypass type and most modern
+MifSn_0hmqY-00031-00008036-00008344 military fighter engines are low bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00032-00008345-00008599 afterburners are not used on high-bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00033-00008600-00008867 turbofan engines but may be used on
+MifSn_0hmqY-00034-00008868-00009155 either low-bypass turbofan or turbojet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00035-00009156-00009514 engines modern turbo fans have either a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00036-00009515-00009794 large single stage fan or a smaller fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00037-00009795-00010058 with several stages an early
+MifSn_0hmqY-00038-00010059-00010267 configuration combined a low-pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00039-00010268-00010538 turbine and fan in a single rear mounted
+MifSn_0hmqY-00040-00010539-00011101 unit
+MifSn_0hmqY-00041-00011102-00011860 topic principles turbofans were invented
+MifSn_0hmqY-00042-00011861-00012060 to circumvent an awkward feature of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00043-00012061-00012235 turbo jets which was that they were
+MifSn_0hmqY-00044-00012236-00012556 inefficient for subsonic flight to raise
+MifSn_0hmqY-00045-00012557-00012774 the efficiency of the turbojet the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00046-00012775-00012949 obvious approach would be to increase
+MifSn_0hmqY-00047-00012950-00013153 the burner temperature to give better
+MifSn_0hmqY-00048-00013154-00013344 Carnot efficiency and fit larger
+MifSn_0hmqY-00049-00013345-00013521 compresses and nozzles
+MifSn_0hmqY-00050-00013522-00013780 however while that has increased thrust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00051-00013781-00013993 somewhat the exhaust jet leaves the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00052-00013994-00014218 engine with even higher velocity which
+MifSn_0hmqY-00053-00014219-00014475 at subsonic flight speeds takes most of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00054-00014476-00014769 the extra energy with it wasting fuel
+MifSn_0hmqY-00055-00014769-00015069 instead a turbofan can be thought of as
+MifSn_0hmqY-00056-00015070-00015325 a turbojet being used to drive a ducted
+MifSn_0hmqY-00057-00015326-00015550 fan with both of those contributing to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00058-00015551-00015847 the frost whereas all the air taken in
+MifSn_0hmqY-00059-00015847-00016099 by a turbojet passes through the turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00060-00016100-00016305 through the combustion chamber in a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00061-00016306-00016558 turbofan some of that air bypasses the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00062-00016559-00016888 turbine because the turbine has to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00063-00016889-00017107 additionally drive the fan the turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00064-00017108-00017335 is larger and has larger pressure and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00065-00017336-00017559 temperature drops and so the nozzles are
+MifSn_0hmqY-00066-00017560-00017815 smaller this means that the exhaust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00067-00017816-00018100 velocity of the core is reduced the fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00068-00018101-00018372 also has lower exhaust velocity giving
+MifSn_0hmqY-00069-00018373-00018600 much more Frost the unit energy lower
+MifSn_0hmqY-00070-00018601-00018928 specific frost the overall effective
+MifSn_0hmqY-00071-00018929-00019177 exhaust velocity of the two exhaust Jets
+MifSn_0hmqY-00072-00019178-00019438 can be made closer to a normal subsonic
+MifSn_0hmqY-00073-00019439-00019734 aircraft's fight speed in effect a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00074-00019735-00019980 turbofan emits a large amount of air
+MifSn_0hmqY-00075-00019981-00020253 more slowly whereas a turbojet emits a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00076-00020254-00020481 smaller amount of air quickly which is a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00077-00020482-00020706 far less efficient way to generate the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00078-00020707-00021105 same thrust see efficiency section below
+MifSn_0hmqY-00079-00021106-00021387 the ratio of the mass flow of air
+MifSn_0hmqY-00080-00021388-00021628 bypassing the engine core compared to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00081-00021629-00021837 the mass flow of air passing through the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00082-00021838-00022105 core is referred to as the bypass ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00083-00022106-00022375 the engine produces thrust through a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00084-00022376-00022567 combination of these two portions
+MifSn_0hmqY-00085-00022568-00022797 working together engines that use more
+MifSn_0hmqY-00086-00022798-00023034 jet thrust relative to fan thrust are
+MifSn_0hmqY-00087-00023035-00023314 known as low-bypass turbofans conversely
+MifSn_0hmqY-00088-00023315-00023521 those that have considerably more fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00089-00023522-00023737 thrust than jet thrust are known as high
+MifSn_0hmqY-00090-00023738-00024046 bypass most commercial aviation jet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00091-00024047-00024268 engines in use today are of the high
+MifSn_0hmqY-00092-00024269-00024493 bypass type and most modern
+MifSn_0hmqY-00093-00024494-00024774 three fighter engines are low-bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00094-00024775-00025027 afterburners are not used on high-bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00095-00025028-00025291 turbofan engines but may be used on
+MifSn_0hmqY-00096-00025292-00025582 either low-bypass turbofan or turbojet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00097-00025583-00026064 engines tropic bypass ratio the bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00098-00026066-00026395 ratio BPR of a turbofan engine is the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00099-00026395-00026611 ratio between the mass flow rate of the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00100-00026612-00026824 bypass stream to the mass flow rate
+MifSn_0hmqY-00101-00026825-00027136 entering the core a ten-to-one bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00102-00027137-00027397 ratio for example means that 10
+MifSn_0hmqY-00103-00027398-00027607 kilograms of air passes through the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00104-00027608-00027820 bypass duct for every one kilogram of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00105-00027820-00028132 air passing through the core turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00106-00028133-00028357 engines are usually described in terms
+MifSn_0hmqY-00107-00028358-00028602 of BPR which together with overall
+MifSn_0hmqY-00108-00028604-00028807 pressure ratio turbine in their
+MifSn_0hmqY-00109-00028808-00029041 temperature and fan pressure ratio of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00110-00029042-00029356 important design parameters in addition
+MifSn_0hmqY-00111-00029357-00029662 BPR is quoted for turboprop and unducted
+MifSn_0hmqY-00112-00029663-00029883 fan installations because their high
+MifSn_0hmqY-00113-00029885-00030088 propulsive efficiency gives them the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00114-00030089-00030327 overall efficiency characteristics of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00115-00030329-00030670 very high bypass turbofans this allows
+MifSn_0hmqY-00116-00030670-00030864 them to be shown together with turbo
+MifSn_0hmqY-00117-00030866-00031077 fans on props which show trends of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00118-00031079-00031375 reducing specific fuel consumption SFC
+MifSn_0hmqY-00119-00031376-00031770 with increasing BPR BPR can also be
+MifSn_0hmqY-00120-00031772-00032008 quoted for lift fan installations where
+MifSn_0hmqY-00121-00032008-00032200 the fan airflow is remote from the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00122-00032201-00032425 engine and doesn't flow past the engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00123-00032426-00032733 core bypass provides a lower fuel
+MifSn_0hmqY-00124-00032735-00032980 consumption for the same thrust if all
+MifSn_0hmqY-00125-00032981-00033211 the gas power from a gas turbine is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00126-00033212-00033406 converted to kinetic energy in the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00127-00033407-00033637 propelling nozzle the aircraft is best
+MifSn_0hmqY-00128-00033638-00033976 suited to high supersonic speeds if it
+MifSn_0hmqY-00129-00033977-00034177 is all transferred to a separate big
+MifSn_0hmqY-00130-00034178-00034423 mass of air with low kinetic energy the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00131-00034424-00034675 aircraft is best suited to zero speed
+MifSn_0hmqY-00132-00034676-00035005 hovering for speeds in between the gas
+MifSn_0hmqY-00133-00035006-00035230 power is shared between a separate air
+MifSn_0hmqY-00134-00035231-00035452 stream and the gas turbines own nozzle
+MifSn_0hmqY-00135-00035453-00035659 flow in a proportion which gives the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00136-00035660-00035920 aircraft performance required the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00137-00035921-00036118 trade-off between mass flow and velocity
+MifSn_0hmqY-00138-00036119-00036370 is also seen with propellers and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00139-00036371-00036598 helicopter rotors by comparing disk
+MifSn_0hmqY-00140-00036599-00036907 loading and power loading for example
+MifSn_0hmqY-00141-00036908-00037105 the same helicopter weight can be
+MifSn_0hmqY-00142-00037106-00037324 supported by a high-power engine and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00143-00037325-00037600 small diameter rotor or for less fuel a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00144-00037601-00037827 lower power engine and bigger rotor with
+MifSn_0hmqY-00145-00037828-00037870 low of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00146-00037871-00038134 velocity through the rotor bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00147-00038135-00038413 usually refers to transferring gas power
+MifSn_0hmqY-00148-00038414-00038689 from a gas turbine to a bypass stream of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00149-00038690-00038923 air to reduce fuel consumption and jet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00150-00038924-00039223 noise alternatively there may be a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00151-00039224-00039415 requirement for an after burning engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00152-00039416-00039673 where the sole requirement for bypass is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00153-00039674-00039952 to provide cooling air this sets the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00154-00039953-00040192 lower limit for BPR and these engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-00155-00040193-00040423 have been called leaky or continuous
+MifSn_0hmqY-00156-00040424-00040783 bleed turbo Jets General Electric YJ 101
+MifSn_0hmqY-00157-00040784-00041185 BP are 0.25 and low BP are turbo jets
+MifSn_0hmqY-00158-00041186-00042055 pratt & whitney pw1000g margin as well
+MifSn_0hmqY-00159-00042056-00042265 as afterburner cooling for the pratt &
+MifSn_0hmqY-00160-00042266-00042882 whitney j58
+MifSn_0hmqY-00161-00042883-00043574 topic efficiency since the efficiency of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00162-00043575-00043767 propulsion is a function of the relative
+MifSn_0hmqY-00163-00043768-00043955 air speed of the exhaust to the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00164-00043956-00044160 surrounding air propellers are most
+MifSn_0hmqY-00165-00044161-00044387 efficient for low-speed pure Jets for
+MifSn_0hmqY-00166-00044388-00044610 high speeds and ducted fans in the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00167-00044611-00044886 middle turbo fans are thus the most
+MifSn_0hmqY-00168-00044887-00045105 efficient engines in the range of speeds
+MifSn_0hmqY-00169-00045106-00045414 from about 500 to 1,000 kilometers per
+MifSn_0hmqY-00170-00045415-00045830 hour 310 to 620 miles per hour the speed
+MifSn_0hmqY-00171-00045831-00045974 at which most commercial aircraft
+MifSn_0hmqY-00172-00045975-00046343 operate turbo fans retain an efficiency
+MifSn_0hmqY-00173-00046344-00046599 edge over pure Jets of low supersonic
+MifSn_0hmqY-00174-00046600-00047076 speeds up to roughly Mach 1.6 1960 point
+MifSn_0hmqY-00175-00047077-00047720 1 km/h 1217 point 9 miles per hour in a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00176-00047721-00047967 zero bypassed turbojet engine the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00177-00047968-00048095 high-temperature and high-pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00178-00048096-00048437 exhaust gas is accelerated by expansion
+MifSn_0hmqY-00179-00048438-00048648 through a propelling nozzle and produces
+MifSn_0hmqY-00180-00048649-00048965 all the frost the compressor absorbs all
+MifSn_0hmqY-00181-00048966-00049164 the mechanical power produced by the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00182-00049165-00049445 turbine in a bypass design extra
+MifSn_0hmqY-00183-00049446-00049662 turbines drive a ducted fan that
+MifSn_0hmqY-00184-00049663-00049874 accelerates air rearward from the front
+MifSn_0hmqY-00185-00049875-00050180 of the engine in a high bypass design
+MifSn_0hmqY-00186-00050181-00050424 the ducted fan and nozzle produce most
+MifSn_0hmqY-00187-00050425-00050736 of the frost turbo fans are closely
+MifSn_0hmqY-00188-00050737-00050964 related to turbo props in principle
+MifSn_0hmqY-00189-00050965-00051174 because both transfer some of the gas
+MifSn_0hmqY-00190-00051175-00051458 turbines gas power using extra machinery
+MifSn_0hmqY-00191-00051459-00051704 to a bypass stream leaving less for the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00192-00051705-00051967 hot nozzle to convert to kinetic energy
+MifSn_0hmqY-00193-00051969-00052254 turbo fans represent an intermediate
+MifSn_0hmqY-00194-00052254-00052500 stage between turbo jets which derive
+MifSn_0hmqY-00195-00052501-00052719 all the thrust from exhaust gases and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00196-00052720-00052962 turbo props which derive minimal thrust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00197-00052963-00053332 from exhaust gases typically 10% or less
+MifSn_0hmqY-00198-00053333-00053613 extracting shaft power and transferring
+MifSn_0hmqY-00199-00053614-00053874 it to a bypass stream introduces extra
+MifSn_0hmqY-00200-00053875-00054078 losses which are more than made up by
+MifSn_0hmqY-00201-00054079-00054368 the improved propulsive efficiency the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00202-00054369-00054612 turboprop at its best flight speed gave
+MifSn_0hmqY-00203-00054613-00054866 significant fuel savings over a turbojet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00204-00054867-00055116 even though an extra turbine a gearbox
+MifSn_0hmqY-00205-00055116-00055299 and the propeller were added to the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00206-00055300-00055523 turbo jet slow loss propelling nozzle
+MifSn_0hmqY-00207-00055524-00055854 the turbofan has additional losses from
+MifSn_0hmqY-00208-00055854-00056160 its extra turbines fan bypass duct and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00209-00056161-00056266 extra propelling
+MifSn_0hmqY-00210-00056266-00056512 nozzle compared to the turbo jet single
+MifSn_0hmqY-00211-00056513-00057045 nozzle
+MifSn_0hmqY-00212-00057046-00057544 topic thrusts
+MifSn_0hmqY-00213-00057545-00057816 while a turbojet engine uses all of the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00214-00057817-00058054 engines output to produce thrust in the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00215-00058054-00058309 form of a hot high-velocity exhaust gas
+MifSn_0hmqY-00216-00058310-00058582 jet a turbo fans call low velocity
+MifSn_0hmqY-00217-00058583-00058966 bypass air yields between 30% and 70% of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00218-00058966-00059194 the total thrust produced by a turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00219-00059195-00059569 system the thrust FN generated by a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00220-00059570-00059782 turbofan depends on the effective
+MifSn_0hmqY-00221-00059783-00060061 exhaust velocity of the total exhaust as
+MifSn_0hmqY-00222-00060062-00060283 with any jet engine but because to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00223-00060284-00060472 exhaust Jets are present the frost
+MifSn_0hmqY-00224-00060473-00061195 equation can be expanded as F n equals M
+MifSn_0hmqY-00225-00061196-00063600 e V H he minus M o V o plus V P R M C V
+MifSn_0hmqY-00226-00063601-00064102 F display style F underscore n equals
+MifSn_0hmqY-00227-00064103-00064462 dot M underscore the underscore he got M
+MifSn_0hmqY-00228-00064463-00064864 underscore Oh V underscore o+ BPR got em
+MifSn_0hmqY-00229-00064865-00065654 underscore tee vee underscore F where
+MifSn_0hmqY-00230-00065655-00066326 topic nozzles the cold duct and call
+MifSn_0hmqY-00231-00066327-00066536 ducts nozzle systems are relatively
+MifSn_0hmqY-00232-00066537-00066779 complex due to their being to exhaust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00233-00066780-00067178 flows in high bypass engines the fan is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00234-00067179-00067415 generally situated in a short dark near
+MifSn_0hmqY-00235-00067416-00067598 the front of the engine and typically
+MifSn_0hmqY-00236-00067599-00067814 has a convergent cold nozzle with the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00237-00067815-00068021 tail of the dart forming a low pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00238-00068022-00068204 ratio nozzle that under normal
+MifSn_0hmqY-00239-00068205-00068387 conditions will choke creating
+MifSn_0hmqY-00240-00068388-00068650 supersonic flow patterns around the core
+MifSn_0hmqY-00241-00068651-00068912 the core nozzle is more conventional
+MifSn_0hmqY-00242-00068913-00069140 that generates less of the thrust and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00243-00069141-00069398 depending on design choices such as
+MifSn_0hmqY-00244-00069399-00069647 noise considerations may conceivably not
+MifSn_0hmqY-00245-00069648-00069905 choke in low bypass engines the two
+MifSn_0hmqY-00246-00069906-00070130 flows may combine within the ducts and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00247-00070131-00070334 share a common nozzle which can be
+MifSn_0hmqY-00248-00070335-00070945 fitted with afterburner
+MifSn_0hmqY-00249-00070946-00071629 topic noise most of the air flow through
+MifSn_0hmqY-00250-00071630-00071913 a high-bypass turbofan is lower velocity
+MifSn_0hmqY-00251-00071914-00072163 bypass flow even when combined with the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00252-00072164-00072400 much higher velocity engine exhaust the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00253-00072401-00072655 average exhaust velocity is considerably
+MifSn_0hmqY-00254-00072656-00072988 lower than in a pure turbojet turbo jet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00255-00072989-00073222 engine noise is predominantly jet noise
+MifSn_0hmqY-00256-00073223-00073453 from the high exhaust velocity therefore
+MifSn_0hmqY-00257-00073454-00073681 turbofan engines are significantly
+MifSn_0hmqY-00258-00073682-00073882 quieter than a pure jet of the same
+MifSn_0hmqY-00259-00073883-00074119 thrust and jet noise is no longer the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00260-00074120-00074428 predominant source other noise sources
+MifSn_0hmqY-00261-00074429-00074694 of the fan compressor and turbine modern
+MifSn_0hmqY-00262-00074695-00074917 commercial aircraft employ high bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00263-00074918-00075259 ratio HBP are engines with separate flow
+MifSn_0hmqY-00264-00075260-00075540 non mixing short duct exhaust systems
+MifSn_0hmqY-00265-00075541-00075835 these propulsion systems are known to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00266-00075836-00076036 generate significantly high noise levels
+MifSn_0hmqY-00267-00076037-00076312 due to the high speed high temperature
+MifSn_0hmqY-00268-00076313-00076507 and high pressure of the exhaust jet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00269-00076508-00076759 especially during high thrust conditions
+MifSn_0hmqY-00270-00076760-00077065 such as those required for takeoff the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00271-00077066-00077284 primary source of jet noise is the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00272-00077285-00077512 turbulent mixing of shear layers in the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00273-00077513-00077785 engines exhaust these shear layers
+MifSn_0hmqY-00274-00077786-00077992 contain instabilities that lead to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00275-00077993-00078250 highly turbulent vortices that generate
+MifSn_0hmqY-00276-00078251-00078469 the pressure fluctuations responsible
+MifSn_0hmqY-00277-00078470-00078748 for sound in order to reduce the noise
+MifSn_0hmqY-00278-00078749-00079021 associated with jet flow the aerospace
+MifSn_0hmqY-00279-00079022-00079243 industry has focused on developing
+MifSn_0hmqY-00280-00079244-00079444 technologies to disrupt shear layer
+MifSn_0hmqY-00281-00079445-00079684 turbulence and reduce the overall noise
+MifSn_0hmqY-00282-00079685-00080001 produced turbofan engine noise
+MifSn_0hmqY-00283-00080002-00080260 propagates both upstream via the inlet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00284-00080261-00080509 and downstream by the primary nozzle and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00285-00080510-00080812 the bypass duct the main noise sources
+MifSn_0hmqY-00286-00080813-00081034 of the turbine and the compressor the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00287-00081035-00081331 jet and the fan the contribution of each
+MifSn_0hmqY-00288-00081332-00081574 noise source significantly evolved in
+MifSn_0hmqY-00289-00081575-00081894 the late 20th century in typical 1960s
+MifSn_0hmqY-00290-00081895-00082087 design the jet was the main source
+MifSn_0hmqY-00291-00082088-00082360 whereas in modern turbo fans the fan is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00292-00082361-00082705 the main noise source the fan noise is a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00293-00082706-00082969 tonal noise and his signature depends on
+MifSn_0hmqY-00294-00082970-00083301 the fan rotational speed at low speed
+MifSn_0hmqY-00295-00083302-00083548 the fan noise is due to the interaction
+MifSn_0hmqY-00296-00083549-00083734 of the blades with the distorted flow
+MifSn_0hmqY-00297-00083735-00083965 injected in the engine this happens for
+MifSn_0hmqY-00298-00083966-00084195 example during the approach
+MifSn_0hmqY-00299-00084196-00084480 at high engine ratings the fan tip is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00300-00084481-00084717 supersonic and this allows intense rotor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00301-00084718-00084945 locked up modes to propagate upstream
+MifSn_0hmqY-00302-00084946-00085299 this noise is known as bars saw and is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00303-00085300-00085554 typical at takeoff all modern turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00304-00085555-00085737 engines are equipped with acoustic
+MifSn_0hmqY-00305-00085738-00086049 liners to damp the noise generated these
+MifSn_0hmqY-00306-00086050-00086262 are installed in the nacelle and they
+MifSn_0hmqY-00307-00086263-00086484 extend as much as possible to cover the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00308-00086485-00086808 largest area the acoustic performance of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00309-00086809-00086951 the engine can be experimentally
+MifSn_0hmqY-00310-00086952-00087258 evaluated by means of ground tests or in
+MifSn_0hmqY-00311-00087259-00087630 dedicated experimental test rigs in the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00312-00087631-00087861 aerospace industry Chevron's are the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00313-00087862-00088068 sawtooth patterns on the trailing edges
+MifSn_0hmqY-00314-00088069-00088314 of some jet engine nozzles that are used
+MifSn_0hmqY-00315-00088315-00088608 for noise reduction their principle of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00316-00088609-00088854 operation is that as hot air from the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00317-00088855-00089040 engine core mixes with cooler air
+MifSn_0hmqY-00318-00089041-00089247 blowing through the engine fan the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00319-00089248-00089466 shaped edges served to smooth the mixing
+MifSn_0hmqY-00320-00089467-00089762 which reduces noise creating turbulence
+MifSn_0hmqY-00321-00089763-00090024 Chevron's were developed by Boeing with
+MifSn_0hmqY-00322-00090025-00090258 the help of NASA some notable examples
+MifSn_0hmqY-00323-00090259-00090585 of such designs are Boeing 787 and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00324-00090586-00090879 Boeing 747 to 8th on the rolls-royce
+MifSn_0hmqY-00325-00090880-00091176 Trent 1000 and General Electric gen-x
+MifSn_0hmqY-00326-00091177-00091762 engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-00327-00091763-00092331 topic common types
+MifSn_0hmqY-00328-00092332-00092673 you
+MifSn_0hmqY-00329-00092674-00093379 topic low-bypass turbofan a high
+MifSn_0hmqY-00330-00093380-00093628 specific thrust low bypass ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00331-00093629-00093907 turbofan normally has a multi-stage fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00332-00093908-00094120 developing a relatively high pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00333-00094121-00094411 ratio and thus yielding a high mixed or
+MifSn_0hmqY-00334-00094412-00094756 cold exhaust velocity the core airflow
+MifSn_0hmqY-00335-00094757-00094939 needs to be large enough to give
+MifSn_0hmqY-00336-00094940-00095190 sufficient core power to drive the fan a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00337-00095191-00095521 smaller core flow higher bypass ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00338-00095522-00095749 cycle can be achieved by raising the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00339-00095750-00096019 high-pressure HP turbine rotor inlet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00340-00096020-00096364 temperature to illustrate one aspect of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00341-00096365-00096463 how a turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00342-00096464-00096670 differs from a turbojet they may be
+MifSn_0hmqY-00343-00096671-00096928 compared as in a reengineer assessment
+MifSn_0hmqY-00344-00096929-00097144 at the same airflow to keep a common
+MifSn_0hmqY-00345-00097145-00097360 intake for example and the same net
+MifSn_0hmqY-00346-00097361-00097732 thrust ie same specific frost a bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00347-00097733-00097969 flow can be added only if the turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00348-00097970-00098179 Inlet temperature is not too high to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00349-00098180-00098436 compensate for the smaller core flow
+MifSn_0hmqY-00350-00098437-00098737 future improvements in turbine cooling
+MifSn_0hmqY-00351-00098738-00098962 material technology can allow higher
+MifSn_0hmqY-00352-00098963-00099184 turbine Inlet temperature which is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00353-00099185-00099385 necessary because of increased cooling
+MifSn_0hmqY-00354-00099386-00099601 air temperature resulting from an
+MifSn_0hmqY-00355-00099602-00099928 overall pressure ratio increase the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00356-00099929-00100153 resulting turbofan with reasonable
+MifSn_0hmqY-00357-00100154-00100375 efficiencies and duct loss for the added
+MifSn_0hmqY-00358-00100376-00100600 components would probably operate at a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00359-00100601-00100804 higher nozzle pressure ratio than the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00360-00100805-00100975 turbojet but with a lower exhaust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00361-00100976-00101220 temperature to retain net frost
+MifSn_0hmqY-00362-00101221-00101497 since the temperature rise across the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00363-00101498-00101719 whole engine intake - nozzle would be
+MifSn_0hmqY-00364-00101720-00101971 lower the dry power fuel flow would also
+MifSn_0hmqY-00365-00101972-00102166 be reduced resulting in a better
+MifSn_0hmqY-00366-00102167-00102601 specific fuel consumption SFC some low
+MifSn_0hmqY-00367-00102602-00103030 bypass ratio military turbofans EGF 404
+MifSn_0hmqY-00368-00103031-00103255 have variable in their guide vanes to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00369-00103256-00103474 direct air onto the first fan rotor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00370-00103475-00103828 stage this improves the fan surge margin
+MifSn_0hmqY-00371-00103829-00104221 see compressor map topic afterburning
+MifSn_0hmqY-00372-00104222-00104544 turbofans since the 1970s most jet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00373-00104545-00104764 fighter engines have been low medium
+MifSn_0hmqY-00374-00104765-00105019 bypass turbofans with the mixed exhaust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00375-00105020-00105289 afterburner and variable area final
+MifSn_0hmqY-00376-00105290-00105591 nozzle an afterburner is a combustor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00377-00105592-00105826 located downstream of the turbine blades
+MifSn_0hmqY-00378-00105827-00105915 and directly
+MifSn_0hmqY-00379-00105916-00106131 upstream of the nozzle which burns fuel
+MifSn_0hmqY-00380-00106132-00106394 from afterburner specific fuel injectors
+MifSn_0hmqY-00381-00106395-00106692 when lit prodigious amounts of fuel that
+MifSn_0hmqY-00382-00106693-00106890 burnt in the afterburner raising the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00383-00106891-00107094 temperature of exhaust gases by a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00384-00107095-00107336 significant degree resulting in a higher
+MifSn_0hmqY-00385-00107338-00107615 exhaust velocity engine specific Frost
+MifSn_0hmqY-00386-00107616-00107949 the variable geometry nozzle must open
+MifSn_0hmqY-00387-00107950-00108150 to a larger throat area to accommodate
+MifSn_0hmqY-00388-00108151-00108348 the extra volume flow when the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00389-00108349-00108648 afterburner is lit after burning is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00390-00108649-00108849 often designed to give a significant
+MifSn_0hmqY-00391-00108850-00109058 Frost boost for takeoff transonic
+MifSn_0hmqY-00392-00109059-00109290 acceleration and combat maneuvers that
+MifSn_0hmqY-00393-00109291-00109586 is very fuel intensive consequently
+MifSn_0hmqY-00394-00109588-00109833 after burning can be used only for short
+MifSn_0hmqY-00395-00109833-00110118 portions of the mission unlike the main
+MifSn_0hmqY-00396-00110119-00110346 combustor where the downstream turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00397-00110347-00110547 blades must not be damaged by high
+MifSn_0hmqY-00398-00110548-00110786 temperatures an afterburner can operate
+MifSn_0hmqY-00399-00110788-00111039 at the ideal maximum stoichiometric
+MifSn_0hmqY-00400-00111040-00111651 temperature ie about two 100 K 3783 3 -
+MifSn_0hmqY-00401-00111652-00112047 Oh F 1 a 2 6 C at a fixed total applied
+MifSn_0hmqY-00402-00112048-00112358 fuel air ratio the total fuel flow for a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00403-00112359-00112557 given fan airflow will be the same
+MifSn_0hmqY-00404-00112558-00112821 regardless of the dry specific thrust of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00405-00112822-00113082 the engine however a high specific
+MifSn_0hmqY-00406-00113083-00113388 thrust turbofan will by definition have
+MifSn_0hmqY-00407-00113389-00113649 a higher nozzle pressure ratio resulting
+MifSn_0hmqY-00408-00113650-00113871 in a higher afterburning net thrust and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00409-00113872-00114123 therefore a lower after burning specific
+MifSn_0hmqY-00410-00114124-00114465 fuel consumption SFC however high
+MifSn_0hmqY-00411-00114466-00114723 specific thrust engines have a high dry
+MifSn_0hmqY-00412-00114724-00115077 SFC the situation is reversed for a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00413-00115078-00115281 medium specific thrust afterburning
+MifSn_0hmqY-00414-00115282-00115409 turbofan ie
+MifSn_0hmqY-00415-00115410-00115725 poor after burning SFC good dry as FC
+MifSn_0hmqY-00416-00115726-00116016 the former engine is suitable for a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00417-00116017-00116244 combat aircraft which must remain in
+MifSn_0hmqY-00418-00116245-00116442 after burning combat for a fairly long
+MifSn_0hmqY-00419-00116443-00116684 period but has to fight only fairly
+MifSn_0hmqY-00420-00116685-00116936 close to the airfield eg cross border
+MifSn_0hmqY-00421-00116938-00117222 skirmishes the latter engine is better
+MifSn_0hmqY-00422-00117223-00117434 for an aircraft that has to fly some
+MifSn_0hmqY-00423-00117435-00117651 distance or loiter for a long time
+MifSn_0hmqY-00424-00117652-00117990 before going into combat however the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00425-00117991-00118173 pilot can afford to stay in after
+MifSn_0hmqY-00426-00118174-00118395 burning only for a short period before
+MifSn_0hmqY-00427-00118396-00118608 aircraft fuel reserves become
+MifSn_0hmqY-00428-00118608-00118869 dangerously low the first production
+MifSn_0hmqY-00429-00118870-00119103 afterburning turbofan engine was the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00430-00119104-00119303 Pratt & Whitney TF 30
+MifSn_0hmqY-00431-00119304-00119525 which initially powered the f-111
+MifSn_0hmqY-00432-00119526-00119883 aardvark and f-14 tomcat current
+MifSn_0hmqY-00433-00119883-00120149 low-bypass military turbofans include
+MifSn_0hmqY-00434-00120150-00120483 the pratt and whitney f119 the gyro jet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00435-00120483-00120839 ej200 the General Electric air for 110
+MifSn_0hmqY-00436-00120840-00121184 the Klimov Road 33 and the saturn al-31
+MifSn_0hmqY-00437-00121185-00121388 all of which feature a mixed exhaust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00438-00121389-00121494 afterburner
+MifSn_0hmqY-00439-00121495-00121840 and variable area propelling nozzle
+MifSn_0hmqY-00440-00121841-00122169 topic high-bypass turbofan to boost fuel
+MifSn_0hmqY-00441-00122170-00122435 economy and reduce noise almost all of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00442-00122436-00122666 today's jet airliners and most military
+MifSn_0hmqY-00443-00122667-00122987 transport aircraft eg the c-17 are
+MifSn_0hmqY-00444-00122988-00123212 powered by low specific thrust high
+MifSn_0hmqY-00445-00123213-00123575 bypass ratio turbo fans these engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-00446-00123576-00123791 evolved from the high specific thrust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00447-00123792-00124112 low bypass ratio turbo fans used in such
+MifSn_0hmqY-00448-00124113-00124463 aircraft in the 1960s modern combat
+MifSn_0hmqY-00449-00124464-00124758 aircraft tend to use low bypass ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00450-00124758-00125012 turbo fans and some military transport
+MifSn_0hmqY-00451-00125013-00125283 aircraft use turbo props low specific
+MifSn_0hmqY-00452-00125283-00125493 thrust is achieved by replacing the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00453-00125494-00125773 multi-stage fan with a single stage unit
+MifSn_0hmqY-00454-00125774-00126062 unlike some military engines modern
+MifSn_0hmqY-00455-00126063-00126321 civil turbofans lack stationary Inlet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00456-00126322-00126538 guide vanes in front of the fan rotor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00457-00126539-00126854 the fan is scaled to achieve the desired
+MifSn_0hmqY-00458-00126855-00127175 net thrust the core or gas generator of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00459-00127176-00127391 the engine must generate enough power to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00460-00127392-00127620 drive the fan at its design flow and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00461-00127621-00127947 pressure ratio improvements in turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00462-00127948-00128162 cooling material technology allow a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00463-00128163-00128426 higher HP turbine rotor inlet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00464-00128427-00128663 temperature which allows a smaller and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00465-00128664-00128897 lighter core and potentially improving
+MifSn_0hmqY-00466-00128898-00129222 the core thermal efficiency reducing the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00467-00129223-00129408 core mass flow tends to increase the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00468-00129408-00129696 load on the LP turbine so this unit may
+MifSn_0hmqY-00469-00129697-00129950 require additional stages to reduce the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00470-00129951-00130202 average stage loading and to maintain LP
+MifSn_0hmqY-00471-00130203-00130529 turbine efficiency reducing core flow
+MifSn_0hmqY-00472-00130530-00130862 also increases bypass ratio bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00473-00130863-00131094 ratios greater than five to one air
+MifSn_0hmqY-00474-00131095-00131318 increasingly common the pratt & whitney
+MifSn_0hmqY-00475-00131319-00131672 pw1000g which entered commercial service
+MifSn_0hmqY-00476-00131673-00132026 in 2016 attains 12.5 one further
+MifSn_0hmqY-00477-00132027-00132275 improvements in core thermal efficiency
+MifSn_0hmqY-00478-00132276-00132495 can be achieved by raising the overall
+MifSn_0hmqY-00479-00132496-00132688 pressure ratio of the core
+MifSn_0hmqY-00480-00132689-00132994 improved blade aerodynamics reduces the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00481-00132995-00133171 number of extra compressor stages
+MifSn_0hmqY-00482-00133172-00133466 required with multiple compressors ie
+MifSn_0hmqY-00483-00133467-00133906 LPC IPC and HPC dramatic increases in
+MifSn_0hmqY-00484-00133907-00134137 overall pressure ratio have become
+MifSn_0hmqY-00485-00134138-00134524 possible variable geometry ie status
+MifSn_0hmqY-00486-00134525-00134770 enable high pressure ratio compressors
+MifSn_0hmqY-00487-00134771-00134977 to work surge free at all throttle
+MifSn_0hmqY-00488-00134978-00135228 settings the first experimental
+MifSn_0hmqY-00489-00135229-00135526 high-bypass turbofan engine was built
+MifSn_0hmqY-00490-00135527-00135913 and run on February 13th 1964 by Avco
+MifSn_0hmqY-00491-00135914-00136225 Lycoming shortly after the General
+MifSn_0hmqY-00492-00136226-00136465 Electric TF 39 became the first
+MifSn_0hmqY-00493-00136466-00136690 production model designed to power the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00494-00136691-00136972 Lockheed c5 galaxy military transport
+MifSn_0hmqY-00495-00136973-00137290 aircraft the civil general electric cf6
+MifSn_0hmqY-00496-00137291-00137620 engine used a derived design other
+MifSn_0hmqY-00497-00137621-00137896 high-bypass turbofans are the pratt &
+MifSn_0hmqY-00498-00137897-00138179 whitney jt9d the three shaft rolls-royce
+MifSn_0hmqY-00499-00138180-00138612 rb211 and the CFM international cfm56
+MifSn_0hmqY-00500-00138613-00139072 also the smaller TF 34 more recent large
+MifSn_0hmqY-00501-00139073-00139345 high-bypass turbofans include the pratt
+MifSn_0hmqY-00502-00139346-00139627 & whitney pw4000 the three shaft
+MifSn_0hmqY-00503-00139628-00139822 rolls-royce trent the General Electric
+MifSn_0hmqY-00504-00139823-00140221 GE 90 Gen X and the gp7000 produced
+MifSn_0hmqY-00505-00140222-00140581 jointly by GE and P and W the lower the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00506-00140582-00140821 specific thrust of a turbofan the lower
+MifSn_0hmqY-00507-00140822-00141058 the mean jet outlet velocity which in
+MifSn_0hmqY-00508-00141059-00141295 turn translates into a high thrust lapse
+MifSn_0hmqY-00509-00141296-00141508 rate ie decreasing thrust with
+MifSn_0hmqY-00510-00141509-00141808 increasing flight speed see technical
+MifSn_0hmqY-00511-00141809-00142128 discussion below item 2 consequently an
+MifSn_0hmqY-00512-00142129-00142372 engine size to propel an aircraft at
+MifSn_0hmqY-00513-00142373-00142759 high subsonic flight speed eg Mac 0.8 3
+MifSn_0hmqY-00514-00142760-00142996 generates a relatively high thrust at
+MifSn_0hmqY-00515-00142997-00143236 low flight speed thus enhancing runway
+MifSn_0hmqY-00516-00143237-00143560 performance low specific thrust engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-00517-00143561-00143818 tend to have a high bypass ratio but
+MifSn_0hmqY-00518-00143819-00143971 this is also a function of the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00519-00143972-00144262 temperature of the turbine system the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00520-00144263-00144504 turbo fans on twin engined airliners are
+MifSn_0hmqY-00521-00144505-00144700 further more powerful to cope with
+MifSn_0hmqY-00522-00144701-00144925 losing one engine during takeoff which
+MifSn_0hmqY-00523-00144926-00145159 reduces the aircraft's net thrust by
+MifSn_0hmqY-00524-00145160-00145227 half
+MifSn_0hmqY-00525-00145228-00145515 modern twin engined airliners normally
+MifSn_0hmqY-00526-00145516-00145744 climb very steeply immediately after
+MifSn_0hmqY-00527-00145745-00146029 takeoff if one engine is lost the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00528-00146030-00146263 is much shallower but sufficient to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00529-00146264-00146548 clear obstacles in the flight path the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00530-00146549-00146788 Soviet Union's engine technology was
+MifSn_0hmqY-00531-00146789-00147001 less advanced than the West's and its
+MifSn_0hmqY-00532-00147002-00147238 first wide-body aircraft the aleutian
+MifSn_0hmqY-00533-00147239-00147564 ile 86 was powered by low bypass engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-00534-00147565-00147921 the yakovlev yak-42 a medium-range
+MifSn_0hmqY-00535-00147922-00148273 rear-engined aircraft seating up to 120
+MifSn_0hmqY-00536-00148274-00148570 passengers introduced in 1980 was the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00537-00148571-00148804 first Soviet aircraft to use high bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00538-00148805-00149417 engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-00539-00149418-00150200 topic turbofan configurations turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00540-00150201-00150431 engines come in a variety of engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00541-00150432-00150713 configurations for a given engine cycle
+MifSn_0hmqY-00542-00150714-00151034 ie same airflow bypass ratio fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00543-00151035-00151253 pressure ratio overall pressure ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00544-00151254-00151508 and HP turbine rotor in their
+MifSn_0hmqY-00545-00151509-00151721 temperature the choice of turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00546-00151722-00151961 configuration has little impacts upon
+MifSn_0hmqY-00547-00151962-00152228 the design point performance eg net
+MifSn_0hmqY-00548-00152229-00152285 thrust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00549-00152286-00152531 SFC as long as overall component
+MifSn_0hmqY-00550-00152532-00152831 performances maintained off design
+MifSn_0hmqY-00551-00152832-00153041 performance and stability is however
+MifSn_0hmqY-00552-00153042-00153407 affected by engine configuration as the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00553-00153408-00153653 design overall pressure ratio of an
+MifSn_0hmqY-00554-00153654-00153905 engine cycle increases it becomes more
+MifSn_0hmqY-00555-00153906-00154178 difficult to operate at low rpm without
+MifSn_0hmqY-00556-00154179-00154382 encountering an instability known as
+MifSn_0hmqY-00557-00154383-00154685 compressor surge this occurs when some
+MifSn_0hmqY-00558-00154686-00154910 of the compressor aerofoils stall like
+MifSn_0hmqY-00559-00154911-00155108 the wings of an aircraft causing a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00560-00155109-00155312 violent change in the direction of the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00561-00155313-00155636 air flow however compressor stall can be
+MifSn_0hmqY-00562-00155637-00155977 avoided at low rpm by progressively
+MifSn_0hmqY-00563-00155978-00156242 opening interstage into compressor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00564-00156243-00156532 blow-off valves inefficient and/or
+MifSn_0hmqY-00565-00156533-00156809 closing variable status within the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00566-00156810-00157031 compressor most modern Western civil
+MifSn_0hmqY-00567-00157032-00157262 turbofans employ a relatively high
+MifSn_0hmqY-00568-00157263-00157499 pressure ratio high pressure HP
+MifSn_0hmqY-00569-00157500-00157748 compressor with many rows of variable
+MifSn_0hmqY-00570-00157749-00158006 status to control surge margin at low
+MifSn_0hmqY-00571-00158007-00158483 rpm in the three spool RB 211 trent the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00572-00158484-00158690 core compression system is split into
+MifSn_0hmqY-00573-00158691-00158906 two with the IP compressor which
+MifSn_0hmqY-00574-00158907-00159176 supercharges the HP compressor being on
+MifSn_0hmqY-00575-00159177-00159416 a different coaxial shaft and driven by
+MifSn_0hmqY-00576-00159417-00159731 a separate IP turbine as the HP
+MifSn_0hmqY-00577-00159732-00159998 compressor has a modest pressure ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00578-00159999-00160214 if speed can be reduced surge free
+MifSn_0hmqY-00579-00160215-00160477 without employing variable geometry
+MifSn_0hmqY-00580-00160478-00160763 however because a shallow IP compressor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00581-00160764-00161096 working line is inevitable the IPC has
+MifSn_0hmqY-00582-00161097-00161354 one stage of variable geometry on all
+MifSn_0hmqY-00583-00161355-00162267 variants except the - 535 which has none
+MifSn_0hmqY-00584-00162268-00163002 topic single shaft turbofan although far
+MifSn_0hmqY-00585-00163003-00163284 from common the single shaft turbofan is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00586-00163285-00163466 probably the simplest configuration
+MifSn_0hmqY-00587-00163467-00163686 comprising a fan and high-pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00588-00163687-00163929 compressor driven by a single turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00589-00163930-00164253 unit all on the same shaft the Snecma
+MifSn_0hmqY-00590-00164254-00164592 m-53 which powers de su mirage 2000
+MifSn_0hmqY-00591-00164593-00164814 fighter aircraft is an example of a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00592-00164815-00165114 single shaft turbofan despite the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00593-00165115-00165309 simplicity of the turbo machinery
+MifSn_0hmqY-00594-00165310-00165582 configuration the m53 requires a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00595-00165583-00165858 variable area mixer to facilitate part
+MifSn_0hmqY-00596-00165859-00166638 throttle operation topic aft fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00597-00166639-00167235 turbofan one of the earliest turbo fans
+MifSn_0hmqY-00598-00167236-00167475 was a derivative of the general electric
+MifSn_0hmqY-00599-00167476-00167970 j79 turbojet known as the CJ 805 -23
+MifSn_0hmqY-00600-00167971-00168228 which featured an integrated ARF fan low
+MifSn_0hmqY-00601-00168229-00168534 pressure LP turbine unit located in the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00602-00168535-00168861 turbojet exhaust jet pipe hot gas from
+MifSn_0hmqY-00603-00168862-00169122 the turbo jet turbine exhaust expanded
+MifSn_0hmqY-00604-00169123-00169353 through the LP turbine the fan blades
+MifSn_0hmqY-00605-00169354-00169596 being a radial extension of the turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00606-00169597-00169932 blades this R fan configuration was
+MifSn_0hmqY-00607-00169933-00170130 later exploited in the General Electric
+MifSn_0hmqY-00608-00170131-00170523 GE 36 UDF pro fan demonstrator of the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00609-00170524-00170820 early 80s one of the problems with the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00610-00170821-00171099 ARF fan configuration is hot gas leakage
+MifSn_0hmqY-00611-00171100-00171564 from the LP turbine to the fan topic
+MifSn_0hmqY-00612-00171565-00171840 basic to spool many turbo fans have the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00613-00171841-00172083 basic to spool configuration where both
+MifSn_0hmqY-00614-00172084-00172422 the fan and LP turbine ie LP spool are
+MifSn_0hmqY-00615-00172423-00172689 mounted on a second LP shaft running
+MifSn_0hmqY-00616-00172690-00173022 concentric Li with the HP spool ie HP
+MifSn_0hmqY-00617-00173023-00173346 compressor driven by HP turbine the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00618-00173347-00173544 low-pressure spool runs at a lower
+MifSn_0hmqY-00619-00173545-00173811 angular velocity the high-pressure spool
+MifSn_0hmqY-00620-00173812-00174024 turns more quickly and its compressor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00621-00174025-00174246 further compresses part of the air for
+MifSn_0hmqY-00622-00174247-00174663 combustion the BR 710 is typical of this
+MifSn_0hmqY-00623-00174664-00174942 configuration at the smaller thrusts
+MifSn_0hmqY-00624-00174943-00175218 sizes instead of all axial blading the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00625-00175219-00175497 HP compressor configuration may be axial
+MifSn_0hmqY-00626-00175498-00175647 centrifugal eg
+MifSn_0hmqY-00627-00175648-00176148 CFE cfi 738 double centrifugal or even
+MifSn_0hmqY-00628-00176149-00176433 diagonal centrifugal EG pratt & whitney
+MifSn_0hmqY-00629-00176434-00177015 canada pw 600 topic boosted to spool
+MifSn_0hmqY-00630-00177016-00177240 higher overall pressure ratios can be
+MifSn_0hmqY-00631-00177241-00177462 achieved by either raising the HP
+MifSn_0hmqY-00632-00177463-00177681 compressor pressure ratio or adding an
+MifSn_0hmqY-00633-00177682-00177885 intermediate pressure IP compressor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00634-00177886-00178161 between the fan and HP compressor to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00635-00178162-00178386 supercharge or boost the latter unit
+MifSn_0hmqY-00636-00178387-00178578 helping to raise the overall pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00637-00178579-00178818 ratio of the engine cycle to the very
+MifSn_0hmqY-00638-00178819-00179066 high levels employed today ie greater
+MifSn_0hmqY-00639-00179067-00179409 than 40 to 1 typically all of the large
+MifSn_0hmqY-00640-00179410-00179727 American turbo fans eg general electric
+MifSn_0hmqY-00641-00179728-00180063 cf6 G 90 and Gen X plus pratt & whitney
+MifSn_0hmqY-00642-00180064-00180447 jt9d and pw4000 feature and IP
+MifSn_0hmqY-00643-00180448-00180699 compressor mounted on the LP shaft and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00644-00180700-00180969 driven like the fan by the LP turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00645-00180970-00181164 the mechanical speed of which is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00646-00181165-00181407 dictated by the tip speed and diameter
+MifSn_0hmqY-00647-00181408-00181860 of the fan the rolls-royce BR 715 is a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00648-00181861-00182165 non-american example of this the high
+MifSn_0hmqY-00649-00182166-00182538 bypass ratios ie fan duct flow core flow
+MifSn_0hmqY-00650-00182539-00182826 used in modern civil turbofans tends to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00651-00182827-00183029 reduce the relative diameter of the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00652-00183030-00183276 attached IP compressor causing its mean
+MifSn_0hmqY-00653-00183277-00183621 tip speed to decrease consequently more
+MifSn_0hmqY-00654-00183622-00183912 IPC stages are required to develop the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00655-00183913-00184625 necessary IPC pressure rise
+MifSn_0hmqY-00656-00184626-00185315 topic three spool rolls-royce chose the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00657-00185316-00185507 three spool configuration for their
+MifSn_0hmqY-00658-00185508-00185921 large civil turbofans ie the RB 211 and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00659-00185922-00186089 Trent families where the intermediate
+MifSn_0hmqY-00660-00186090-00186395 pressure IP compressor is mounted on a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00661-00186396-00186691 separate IP shaft running concentric Lee
+MifSn_0hmqY-00662-00186692-00186965 with the LP and HP shafts and is driven
+MifSn_0hmqY-00663-00186966-00187307 by a separate IP turbine the first three
+MifSn_0hmqY-00664-00187308-00187552 spool engine was the earlier rolls-royce
+MifSn_0hmqY-00665-00187553-00188215 rb211 ivchenko design bureau chose the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00666-00188216-00188420 same configuration for their lottery of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00667-00188421-00188690 d-36 engine followed by lottery of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00668-00188691-00189239 progress d 180 in progress d 436 the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00669-00189240-00189635 turbo union RB 199 military turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00670-00189636-00189890 also has a three spool configuration as
+MifSn_0hmqY-00671-00189891-00190228 do the military cousinís of MK 25 and n
+MifSn_0hmqY-00672-00190229-00190862 k 321 topic geared fan as bypass ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00673-00190863-00191114 increases the mean radius ratio of the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00674-00191115-00191357 fan and low-pressure turbine LP t
+MifSn_0hmqY-00675-00191358-00191735 increases consequently if the fan is to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00676-00191736-00191987 rotate at its optimum blade speed the LP
+MifSn_0hmqY-00677-00191988-00192257 t blading will spin slowly so additional
+MifSn_0hmqY-00678-00192258-00192539 LP t stages will be required to extract
+MifSn_0hmqY-00679-00192540-00192826 sufficient energy to drive the fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00680-00192827-00193064 introducing a planetary reduction
+MifSn_0hmqY-00681-00193065-00193295 gearbox with a suitable gear ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00682-00193296-00193565 between the LP shaft and the fan enables
+MifSn_0hmqY-00683-00193566-00193826 both the fan and LP turbine to operate
+MifSn_0hmqY-00684-00193827-00194126 at their optimum speeds typical of this
+MifSn_0hmqY-00685-00194127-00194288 configuration of the long-established
+MifSn_0hmqY-00686-00194289-00194821 garrett tfe731 the honeywell alf 502
+MifSn_0hmqY-00687-00194822-00195094 507th and the recent pratt & whitney
+MifSn_0hmqY-00688-00195095-00195753 pw1000g
+MifSn_0hmqY-00689-00195754-00196015 topic military turbofans
+MifSn_0hmqY-00690-00196016-00196355 [Music]
+MifSn_0hmqY-00691-00196356-00196601 most of the configurations discussed
+MifSn_0hmqY-00692-00196602-00196892 above a used in civilian turbofans while
+MifSn_0hmqY-00693-00196893-00197249 modern military turbofans eg smegma m88
+MifSn_0hmqY-00694-00197250-00197910 are usually basic to spool
+MifSn_0hmqY-00695-00197911-00198597 topic high-pressure turbine most civil
+MifSn_0hmqY-00696-00198598-00198827 turbofans use a high-efficiency
+MifSn_0hmqY-00697-00198828-00199134 two-stage HP turbine to drive the HP
+MifSn_0hmqY-00698-00199135-00199516 compressor the CFM international cfm56
+MifSn_0hmqY-00699-00199517-00199809 uses an alternative approach a single
+MifSn_0hmqY-00700-00199810-00200148 stage high work unit while this approach
+MifSn_0hmqY-00701-00200149-00200354 is probably less efficient there are
+MifSn_0hmqY-00702-00200355-00200602 savings on cooling air weight and cost
+MifSn_0hmqY-00703-00200603-00201048 in the RB 211 and Trent 3 spool engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00704-00201049-00201318 series the HP compressor pressure ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00705-00201319-00201609 is modest so only a single HP stage is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00706-00201610-00201936 required rather than adding stage s to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00707-00201937-00202143 the LP turbine to drive the higher
+MifSn_0hmqY-00708-00202144-00202391 pressure ratio IP intermediate pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00709-00202392-00202635 compressor rolls-royce mounts it on a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00710-00202636-00202850 separate shaft and drives it with an IP
+MifSn_0hmqY-00711-00202851-00203181 turbine because the HP compressor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00712-00203182-00203462 pressure ratio is modest modern military
+MifSn_0hmqY-00713-00203463-00203760 turbofans tend to use a single stage HP
+MifSn_0hmqY-00714-00203761-00204312 turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00715-00204313-00204996 topic low-pressure turbine modern civil
+MifSn_0hmqY-00716-00204996-00205296 turbofans have multi-stage LP turbines
+MifSn_0hmqY-00717-00205296-00205779 eg three four five six seven the number
+MifSn_0hmqY-00718-00205780-00206052 of stages required depends on the engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00719-00206053-00206273 cycle bypass ratio and how much
+MifSn_0hmqY-00720-00206275-00206591 supercharging ie IP compression is on
+MifSn_0hmqY-00721-00206592-00206909 the LP shaft behind the fan the geared
+MifSn_0hmqY-00722-00206910-00207194 fan may reduce the number of required LP
+MifSn_0hmqY-00723-00207196-00207536 t stages in some applications the cause
+MifSn_0hmqY-00724-00207537-00207794 of the much lower bypass ratios employed
+MifSn_0hmqY-00725-00207796-00208077 military turbofans require only one or
+MifSn_0hmqY-00726-00208078-00208944 two LP turbine stages topic overall
+MifSn_0hmqY-00727-00208944-00209701 performance
+MifSn_0hmqY-00728-00209702-00210398 topic cycle improvements consider a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00729-00210398-00210629 mixed turbofan with the fixed bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00730-00210630-00210919 ratio and airflow increasing the overall
+MifSn_0hmqY-00731-00210921-00211133 pressure ratio of the compression system
+MifSn_0hmqY-00732-00211134-00211400 raises the combustor entry temperature
+MifSn_0hmqY-00733-00211401-00211712 therefore at a fixed fuel flow there is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00734-00211713-00212017 an increase in HP turbine rotor in their
+MifSn_0hmqY-00735-00212019-00212234 temperature although the higher
+MifSn_0hmqY-00736-00212235-00212462 temperature rise across the compression
+MifSn_0hmqY-00737-00212463-00212714 system implies a larger temperature drop
+MifSn_0hmqY-00738-00212715-00212963 over the turbine system the mixed nozzle
+MifSn_0hmqY-00739-00212964-00213194 temperature is unaffected because the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00740-00213194-00213407 same amount of heat is being added to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00741-00213408-00213694 the system there is however a rise in
+MifSn_0hmqY-00742-00213696-00213944 nozzle pressure because overall pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00743-00213944-00214208 ratio increases faster than the turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00744-00214209-00214469 expansion ratio causing an increase in
+MifSn_0hmqY-00745-00214469-00214678 the hot mixer entry pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00746-00214679-00214979 consequently net thrust increases whilst
+MifSn_0hmqY-00747-00214980-00215273 specific fuel consumption fuel flow net
+MifSn_0hmqY-00748-00215273-00215609 thrust decreases a similar trend occurs
+MifSn_0hmqY-00749-00215610-00215990 with unmixed turbo fans so turbo fans
+MifSn_0hmqY-00750-00215991-00216203 can be made more fuel-efficient by
+MifSn_0hmqY-00751-00216204-00216425 raising overall pressure ratio and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00752-00216426-00216641 turbine rotor inlet temperature in
+MifSn_0hmqY-00753-00216642-00216989 unison however better turbine materials
+MifSn_0hmqY-00754-00216990-00217235 and or improved vane blade cooling are
+MifSn_0hmqY-00755-00217236-00217457 required to cope with increases in both
+MifSn_0hmqY-00756-00217458-00217685 turbine rotor in their temperature and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00757-00217686-00217894 compressor delivery temperature
+MifSn_0hmqY-00758-00217894-00218144 increasing the latter may require better
+MifSn_0hmqY-00759-00218144-00218480 compressor materials overall pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00760-00218481-00218746 ratio can be increased by improving fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00761-00218748-00219044 or LP compressor pressure ratio and/or
+MifSn_0hmqY-00762-00219044-00219356 HP compressor pressure ratio if the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00763-00219357-00219602 latter is held constant the increase in
+MifSn_0hmqY-00764-00219603-00219875 HP compressor delivery temperature from
+MifSn_0hmqY-00765-00219876-00220115 raising overall pressure ratio implies
+MifSn_0hmqY-00766-00220116-00220354 an increase in HP mechanical speed
+MifSn_0hmqY-00767-00220355-00220679 however stressing considerations might
+MifSn_0hmqY-00768-00220680-00220958 limit this parameter implying despite an
+MifSn_0hmqY-00769-00220959-00221186 increase in overall pressure ratio a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00770-00221187-00221402 reduction in HP compressor pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00771-00221403-00221767 ratio according to simple theory if the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00772-00221769-00222032 ratio of turbine rotor inlet temperature
+MifSn_0hmqY-00773-00222033-00222308 HP compressor delivery temperature is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00774-00222309-00222563 maintained the HP turbine throat area
+MifSn_0hmqY-00775-00222564-00222881 can be retained however this assumes
+MifSn_0hmqY-00776-00222882-00223076 that cycle improvements are
+MifSn_0hmqY-00777-00223077-00223348 while retaining the datum HP compressor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00778-00223350-00223634 exit flow function non dimensional flow
+MifSn_0hmqY-00779-00223635-00223921 in practice changes to the non
+MifSn_0hmqY-00780-00223923-00224162 dimensional speed of the HP compressor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00781-00224163-00224387 and cooling bleed extraction would
+MifSn_0hmqY-00782-00224388-00224588 probably make this assumption invalid
+MifSn_0hmqY-00783-00224589-00224834 making some adjustment to HP turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00784-00224835-00225008 throat area unavoidable
+MifSn_0hmqY-00785-00225009-00225323 this means the HP turbine nozzle guide
+MifSn_0hmqY-00786-00225323-00225500 vanes would have to be different from
+MifSn_0hmqY-00787-00225501-00225796 the original in all probability the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00788-00225798-00226058 downstream LP turbine nozzle guide vanes
+MifSn_0hmqY-00789-00226059-00226728 would have to be changed anyway
+MifSn_0hmqY-00790-00226729-00227242 topic thrusts growth
+MifSn_0hmqY-00791-00227242-00227510 frost growth is obtained by increasing
+MifSn_0hmqY-00792-00227511-00227780 core power there are two basic routes
+MifSn_0hmqY-00793-00227781-00228176 available hot route increase HP turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00794-00228177-00228503 rotor in there temperature cold route
+MifSn_0hmqY-00795-00228504-00228716 increased core mass flow both routes
+MifSn_0hmqY-00796-00228717-00228929 require an increase in the combustor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00797-00228930-00229144 fuel flow and therefore the heat energy
+MifSn_0hmqY-00798-00229146-00229481 added to the course stream the hot route
+MifSn_0hmqY-00799-00229482-00229723 may require changes in turbine blade
+MifSn_0hmqY-00800-00229725-00229996 vein materials and/or better blade vein
+MifSn_0hmqY-00801-00229998-00230282 cooling the cold route can be obtained
+MifSn_0hmqY-00802-00230283-00230633 by one of the following adding T stages
+MifSn_0hmqY-00803-00230634-00231017 to the LP IP compression adding a zero
+MifSn_0hmqY-00804-00231017-00231373 stage to the HP compression improving
+MifSn_0hmqY-00805-00231375-00231584 the compression process without adding
+MifSn_0hmqY-00806-00231585-00231887 stages eg higher fan hub pressure ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00807-00231888-00232088 all of which increase both overall
+MifSn_0hmqY-00808-00232089-00232375 pressure ratio and core airflow
+MifSn_0hmqY-00809-00232376-00232613 alternatively the core size can be
+MifSn_0hmqY-00810-00232614-00232865 increased to raise core airflow without
+MifSn_0hmqY-00811-00232866-00233156 changing overall pressure ratio this
+MifSn_0hmqY-00812-00233157-00233435 route is expensive since a new up valve
+MifSn_0hmqY-00813-00233436-00233717 turbine system and possibly a larger IP
+MifSn_0hmqY-00814-00233717-00234110 compressor is also required changes must
+MifSn_0hmqY-00815-00234111-00234350 also be made to the fan to absorb the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00816-00234351-00234680 extra core power on a civil engine jet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00817-00234681-00234881 noise considerations mean that any
+MifSn_0hmqY-00818-00234882-00235094 significant increase in takeoff thrust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00819-00235094-00235331 must be accompanied by a corresponding
+MifSn_0hmqY-00820-00235332-00235571 increase in fan mass flow to maintain
+MifSn_0hmqY-00821-00235571-00235886 ATO specific thrust of about 30 lbf
+MifSn_0hmqY-00822-00235887-00236492 pound per second
+MifSn_0hmqY-00823-00236494-00237171 topic technical discussion specific
+MifSn_0hmqY-00824-00237171-00237446 thrust net thrust intake air flow is an
+MifSn_0hmqY-00825-00237448-00237692 important parameter for turbo fans and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00826-00237694-00237996 jet engines in general imagine a fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00827-00237996-00238194 driven by an appropriately sized
+MifSn_0hmqY-00828-00238194-00238437 electric motor operating within a pipe
+MifSn_0hmqY-00829-00238438-00238626 which is connected to a propelling
+MifSn_0hmqY-00830-00238627-00238923 nozzle it is fairly obvious the higher
+MifSn_0hmqY-00831-00238923-00239178 the fan pressure ratio fan discharge
+MifSn_0hmqY-00832-00239179-00239394 pressure fan Inlet pressure the higher
+MifSn_0hmqY-00833-00239394-00239631 the jet velocity and the corresponding
+MifSn_0hmqY-00834-00239632-00239952 specific thrust now imagine we replace
+MifSn_0hmqY-00835-00239953-00240183 this setup with an equivalent turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00836-00240184-00240506 same airflow and same fan pressure ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00837-00240507-00240794 obviously the core of the turbofan must
+MifSn_0hmqY-00838-00240796-00240984 produce sufficient power to drive the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00839-00240985-00241287 fan via the low-pressure LP turbine if
+MifSn_0hmqY-00840-00241288-00241629 we choose a low HP turbine Inlet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00841-00241630-00241854 temperature for the gas generator the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00842-00241855-00242042 core air flow needs to be relatively
+MifSn_0hmqY-00843-00242044-00242342 high to compensate the corresponding
+MifSn_0hmqY-00844-00242344-00242628 bypass ratio is therefore relatively low
+MifSn_0hmqY-00845-00242629-00242838 if we raise the turbine Inlet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00846-00242839-00243033 temperature the core air flow can be
+MifSn_0hmqY-00847-00243034-00243338 smaller thus increasing bypass ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00848-00243339-00243630 raising turbine Inlet temperature tends
+MifSn_0hmqY-00849-00243631-00243828 to increase thermal efficiency and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00850-00243829-00244123 therefore improve fuel efficiency
+MifSn_0hmqY-00851-00244125-00244452 naturally as altitude increases there is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00852-00244453-00244673 a decrease in air density and therefore
+MifSn_0hmqY-00853-00244675-00244992 the net frost of an engine there is also
+MifSn_0hmqY-00854-00244992-00245250 a fight speed effect termed Frost lapse
+MifSn_0hmqY-00855-00245251-00245565 rate consider the approximate equation
+MifSn_0hmqY-00856-00245566-00246728 for net thrust again F n equals M V J F
+MifSn_0hmqY-00857-00246729-00247581 he - V a displaced Aleph underscore n
+MifSn_0hmqY-00858-00247582-00247994 equals M C do T V underscore jfe V
+MifSn_0hmqY-00859-00247996-00248346 underscore a with a high specific thrust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00860-00248346-00248682 eg fighter engine the jet velocity is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00861-00248683-00248937 relatively high so intuitively one can
+MifSn_0hmqY-00862-00248938-00249162 see that increases in fight velocity
+MifSn_0hmqY-00863-00249163-00249396 have less of an impact upon net thrust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00864-00249396-00249690 than a medium specific thrust eg trainer
+MifSn_0hmqY-00865-00249691-00249894 engine where the jet velocity
+MifSn_0hmqY-00866-00249894-00250200 is lower the impact of frost lapse rate
+MifSn_0hmqY-00867-00250201-00250491 upon a low specific frost eg civil
+MifSn_0hmqY-00868-00250492-00250817 engine is even more severe at high five
+MifSn_0hmqY-00869-00250819-00251088 speeds high specific thrust engines can
+MifSn_0hmqY-00870-00251089-00251279 pick up net thrust through the RAM rise
+MifSn_0hmqY-00871-00251280-00251517 in the intake but this effect tends to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00872-00251517-00251766 diminish at supersonic speeds because of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00873-00251767-00252126 shockwave losses frost growth on civil
+MifSn_0hmqY-00874-00252127-00252353 turbofans is usually obtained by
+MifSn_0hmqY-00875-00252354-00252591 increasing fan airflow thus preventing
+MifSn_0hmqY-00876-00252592-00252894 the jet noise becoming too high however
+MifSn_0hmqY-00877-00252894-00253140 the larger fan airflow requires more
+MifSn_0hmqY-00878-00253141-00253401 power from the core this can be achieved
+MifSn_0hmqY-00879-00253402-00253646 by raising the overall pressure ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-00880-00253646-00253878 combustor Inlet pressure in take
+MifSn_0hmqY-00881-00253879-00254100 delivery pressure to induce more airflow
+MifSn_0hmqY-00882-00254101-00254360 into the core and by increasing turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00883-00254361-00254625 Inlet temperature together these
+MifSn_0hmqY-00884-00254626-00254879 parameters tend to increase core thermal
+MifSn_0hmqY-00885-00254880-00255148 efficiency and improve fuel efficiency
+MifSn_0hmqY-00886-00255150-00255462 some high bypass ratio civil turbofans
+MifSn_0hmqY-00887-00255463-00255782 use an extremely low area ratio less
+MifSn_0hmqY-00888-00255783-00256065 than 1.0 one convergent divergent nozzle
+MifSn_0hmqY-00889-00256066-00256416 on the bypass or mixed exhaust stream to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00890-00256417-00256721 control the fan working line the nozzle
+MifSn_0hmqY-00891-00256723-00257006 acts as if it has variable geometry at
+MifSn_0hmqY-00892-00257007-00257250 low fight speeds the nozzle is unchoke
+MifSn_0hmqY-00893-00257251-00257502 less than a Mach number of unity so the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00894-00257503-00257739 exhaust gas speeds up as it approaches
+MifSn_0hmqY-00895-00257740-00257940 the throat and then slows down slightly
+MifSn_0hmqY-00896-00257941-00258223 as it reaches the divergent section
+MifSn_0hmqY-00897-00258225-00258467 consequently the nozzle exit area
+MifSn_0hmqY-00898-00258469-00258731 controls the fan match and being larger
+MifSn_0hmqY-00899-00258732-00258917 than the throat pulls the fan working
+MifSn_0hmqY-00900-00258919-00259242 line slightly away from surge at higher
+MifSn_0hmqY-00901-00259242-00259500 flight speeds the RAM rise in the intake
+MifSn_0hmqY-00902-00259501-00259742 increases nozzle pressure ratio to the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00903-00259744-00259953 point where the throat becomes choked M
+MifSn_0hmqY-00904-00259954-00260348 equals 1.0 under these circumstances the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00905-00260350-00260589 throat area dictates the fan match and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00906-00260590-00260823 being smaller than the exit pushes the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00907-00260823-00261079 fan working line slightly towards surge
+MifSn_0hmqY-00908-00261080-00261392 this is not a problem since fan surge
+MifSn_0hmqY-00909-00261394-00261617 margin is much better at high flight
+MifSn_0hmqY-00910-00261619-00262065 speeds the off design behavior of turbo
+MifSn_0hmqY-00911-00262066-00262310 fans is illustrated under compressor map
+MifSn_0hmqY-00912-00262311-00262501 and turbine map
+MifSn_0hmqY-00913-00262502-00262780 because modern civil turbofans operate
+MifSn_0hmqY-00914-00262781-00263020 at low specific thrust they require only
+MifSn_0hmqY-00915-00263021-00263254 a single fan stage to develop the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00916-00263255-00263560 required fan pressure ratio the desired
+MifSn_0hmqY-00917-00263561-00263797 overall pressure ratio for the engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00918-00263798-00264010 cycle is usually achieved by multiple
+MifSn_0hmqY-00919-00264011-00264282 axial stages on the core compression
+MifSn_0hmqY-00920-00264283-00264553 rolls-royce tend to split the core
+MifSn_0hmqY-00921-00264554-00264709 compression into two with an
+MifSn_0hmqY-00922-00264710-00264973 intermediate pressure IP supercharging
+MifSn_0hmqY-00923-00264974-00265195 the HP compressor both units being
+MifSn_0hmqY-00924-00265196-00265441 driven by turbines with a single stage
+MifSn_0hmqY-00925-00265442-00265789 mounted on separate shafts consequently
+MifSn_0hmqY-00926-00265790-00266056 the HP compressor needs develop only a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00927-00266057-00266344 modest pressure ratio eg approximately
+MifSn_0hmqY-00928-00266345-00266608 four point five one u.s. civil engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-00929-00266609-00266845 use much higher HP compressor pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00930-00266846-00267217 ratios eg approximately 23 to one on the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00931-00267218-00267478 General Electric GE 90 and tend to be
+MifSn_0hmqY-00932-00267479-00267844 driven by a two-stage HP turbine even
+MifSn_0hmqY-00933-00267845-00268084 sir there are usually a few IP axial
+MifSn_0hmqY-00934-00268085-00268357 stages mounted on the LP shaft behind
+MifSn_0hmqY-00935-00268358-00268591 the fan to further supercharge the core
+MifSn_0hmqY-00936-00268592-00268900 compression system civil engines have
+MifSn_0hmqY-00937-00268901-00269170 multistage LP turbines the number of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00938-00269171-00269407 stages being determined by the bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-00939-00269408-00269668 ratio the amount of IP compression on
+MifSn_0hmqY-00940-00269669-00269920 the LP shaft and the LP turbine blade
+MifSn_0hmqY-00941-00269921-00270244 speed because military engines usually
+MifSn_0hmqY-00942-00270245-00270508 have to be able to fire very fast at sea
+MifSn_0hmqY-00943-00270509-00270709 level the limit on HP compressor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00944-00270710-00270946 delivery temperature is reached at a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00945-00270947-00271153 fairly modest design overall pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-00946-00271154-00271378 ratio compared with that of a civil
+MifSn_0hmqY-00947-00271379-00271708 engine also the fan pressure ratio is
+MifSn_0hmqY-00948-00271709-00271951 relatively high to achieve a medium to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00949-00271952-00272299 high specific frost consequently modern
+MifSn_0hmqY-00950-00272300-00272569 military turbofans usually have only 5
+MifSn_0hmqY-00951-00272570-00272848 or 6 HP compressor stages and require
+MifSn_0hmqY-00952-00272849-00273193 only a single stage HP turbine low
+MifSn_0hmqY-00953-00273194-00273499 bypass ratio military turbofans usually
+MifSn_0hmqY-00954-00273500-00273751 have one LP turbine stage but higher
+MifSn_0hmqY-00955-00273752-00274120 bypass ratio engines need two stages in
+MifSn_0hmqY-00956-00274121-00274423 theory by adding IP compressor stages a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00957-00274424-00274669 modern military turbofan HP compressor
+MifSn_0hmqY-00958-00274670-00274894 could be used in a civil turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00959-00274895-00275104 derivative but the core would tend to be
+MifSn_0hmqY-00960-00275105-00275508 too small for high thrust applications
+MifSn_0hmqY-00961-00275509-00275826 topic early turbofans early turbojet
+MifSn_0hmqY-00962-00275827-00276048 engines were not very fuel-efficient
+MifSn_0hmqY-00963-00276049-00276255 because their overall pressure ratio and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00964-00276256-00276453 turbine in their temperature were
+MifSn_0hmqY-00965-00276454-00276657 severely limited by the technology
+MifSn_0hmqY-00966-00276658-00276984 available at the time the first turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00967-00276985-00277213 engine which was only run on a testbed
+MifSn_0hmqY-00968-00277214-00277572 was the German Dame the Benz DB 670
+MifSn_0hmqY-00969-00277573-00277888 designated the 109 double-oh-seven by
+MifSn_0hmqY-00970-00277889-00278121 the Nazi Ministry of aviation with the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00971-00278122-00278445 first run date of the 27th of May 1943
+MifSn_0hmqY-00972-00278446-00278706 after the testing of the turbo machinery
+MifSn_0hmqY-00973-00278707-00278925 using an electric motor which had been
+MifSn_0hmqY-00974-00278926-00279267 undertaken on the 1st of April 1943
+MifSn_0hmqY-00975-00279268-00279519 development of the engine was abandoned
+MifSn_0hmqY-00976-00279520-00279756 with its problems unsolved as the war
+MifSn_0hmqY-00977-00279757-00280083 situation worsened for Germany later in
+MifSn_0hmqY-00978-00280084-00280449 1943 a metro vgf point2 fitted into a
+MifSn_0hmqY-00979-00280450-00280707 Gloster Meteor became the first turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-00980-00280708-00280946 engine to successfully power a plane
+MifSn_0hmqY-00981-00280947-00281256 after this axial-flow turbojet engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-00982-00281257-00281467 was given a turbofan it was designated
+MifSn_0hmqY-00983-00281468-00281823 the metro vac f3 improved materials and
+MifSn_0hmqY-00984-00281824-00282069 the introduction of twin compresses such
+MifSn_0hmqY-00985-00282070-00282294 as in the Bristol olympus and pratt &
+MifSn_0hmqY-00986-00282295-00282568 whitney JT 3c engines increased the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00987-00282569-00282774 overall pressure ratio and thus the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00988-00282775-00282998 thermodynamic efficiency of engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-00989-00282999-00283318 however they also had poor propulsive
+MifSn_0hmqY-00990-00283319-00283575 efficiency because pure turbo jets have
+MifSn_0hmqY-00991-00283576-00283779 a high specific thrust high-velocity
+MifSn_0hmqY-00992-00283780-00284014 exhaust which is better suited to
+MifSn_0hmqY-00993-00284015-00284160 supersonic flight
+MifSn_0hmqY-00994-00284161-00284493 the original low-bypass turbofan engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-00995-00284494-00284694 were designed to improve propulsive
+MifSn_0hmqY-00996-00284695-00284914 efficiency by reducing the exhaust
+MifSn_0hmqY-00997-00284915-00285166 velocity to a value closer to that of
+MifSn_0hmqY-00998-00285167-00285487 the aircraft the rolls-royce conway the
+MifSn_0hmqY-00999-00285488-00285723 world's first production turbofan had a
+MifSn_0hmqY-01000-00285724-00286063 bypass ratio of 0.3 similar to the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01001-00286064-00286344 modern General Electric air 404 fighter
+MifSn_0hmqY-01002-00286345-00286683 engine civilian turbofan engines of the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01003-00286684-00286990 1960s such as the pratt & whitney jt8d
+MifSn_0hmqY-01004-00286991-00287263 and the rolls-royce spey had bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-01005-00287264-00287532 ratios closer to one and were similar to
+MifSn_0hmqY-01006-00287533-00287791 their military equivalents the first
+MifSn_0hmqY-01007-00287792-00288018 general electric turbofan was the our
+MifSn_0hmqY-01008-00288019-00288597 fancy J 805 - 23 based on the CJ 805 -
+MifSn_0hmqY-01009-00288598-00288895 three turbojet it was followed by the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01010-00288896-00289321 our fan general electric's EF a 2.0
+MifSn_0hmqY-01011-00289322-00289657 bypass ratio this was derived from the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01012-00289658-00290163 General Electric J 85 CJ 610 turbojet
+MifSn_0hmqY-01013-00290164-00290614 2,850 lbf 12,700 n to power the larger
+MifSn_0hmqY-01014-00290615-00290893 Rockwell Sabre liner 75 80s model
+MifSn_0hmqY-01015-00290894-00291130 aircraft as well as the de su Falcon 20
+MifSn_0hmqY-01016-00291131-00291465 with about a 50% increase in thrust to
+MifSn_0hmqY-01017-00291466-00292000 4200 lbf 19,000 n the CF 700 was the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01018-00292001-00292273 first small turbofan to be certified by
+MifSn_0hmqY-01019-00292274-00292554 the Federal Aviation Administration FAA
+MifSn_0hmqY-01020-00292555-00292954 there were one time over 400 CF 700
+MifSn_0hmqY-01021-00292955-00293160 aircraft in operation around the world
+MifSn_0hmqY-01022-00293161-00293382 with an experienced base of over 10
+MifSn_0hmqY-01023-00293383-00293728 million service hours the CF 700
+MifSn_0hmqY-01024-00293729-00293980 turbofan engine was also used to train
+MifSn_0hmqY-01025-00293981-00294223 moon bound astronauts in project Apollo
+MifSn_0hmqY-01026-00294224-00294448 as the powerplant for the lunar landing
+MifSn_0hmqY-01027-00294449-00295062 research vehicle
+MifSn_0hmqY-01028-00295063-00296014 topic recent developments
+MifSn_0hmqY-01029-00296015-00296722 topic aerodynamic modeling aerodynamics
+MifSn_0hmqY-01030-00296723-00296971 is a mix of subsonic transonic and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01031-00296972-00297239 supersonic airflow on a single fan gas
+MifSn_0hmqY-01032-00297240-00297469 compressor blade in a modern turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-01033-00297470-00297775 the airflow past the blades has to be
+MifSn_0hmqY-01034-00297776-00297992 maintained within closed angular limits
+MifSn_0hmqY-01035-00297993-00298183 to keep the air flowing against an
+MifSn_0hmqY-01036-00298184-00298450 increasing pressure otherwise the air
+MifSn_0hmqY-01037-00298451-00298657 will come back out of the intake the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01038-00298658-00298940 full authority digital engine control FA
+MifSn_0hmqY-01039-00298941-00299219 Dec needs accurate data for controlling
+MifSn_0hmqY-01040-00299220-00299519 the engine the critical turbine Inlet
+MifSn_0hmqY-01041-00299520-00299741 temperature tit is too harsh and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01042-00299742-00300100 environment of 1700 degrees Celsius and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01043-00300101-00300448 17 bars for reliable senses during
+MifSn_0hmqY-01044-00300449-00300673 development of a new engine type a
+MifSn_0hmqY-01045-00300674-00300887 relation is established between the more
+MifSn_0hmqY-01046-00300888-00301112 easily measured temperature like exhaust
+MifSn_0hmqY-01047-00301113-00301471 gas temperature and the tit the egt is
+MifSn_0hmqY-01048-00301472-00301643 then used to make sure the engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-01049-00301644-00302281 doesn't run too hot
+MifSn_0hmqY-01050-00302282-00302842 topic blade technology
+MifSn_0hmqY-01051-00302843-00303178 a 100 grams turbine blade is subjected
+MifSn_0hmqY-01052-00303179-00303592 to 1700 degrees Celsius 3,100 degrees
+MifSn_0hmqY-01053-00303593-00304009 Fahrenheit at 17 bars 250 sigh and a
+MifSn_0hmqY-01054-00304010-00304351 centrifugal force of 40 kilonewtons 9000
+MifSn_0hmqY-01055-00304352-00304585 lbf well above the point of plastic
+MifSn_0hmqY-01056-00304586-00304783 deformation and even above the melting
+MifSn_0hmqY-01057-00304784-00305197 point exotic alloys sophisticated air
+MifSn_0hmqY-01058-00305198-00305422 cooling schemes and special mechanical
+MifSn_0hmqY-01059-00305423-00305623 design are needed to keep the physical
+MifSn_0hmqY-01060-00305624-00305797 stresses within the strength of the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01061-00305798-00306130 material rotating seals must withstand
+MifSn_0hmqY-01062-00306131-00306442 harsh conditions for 10 years 20,000
+MifSn_0hmqY-01063-00306443-00306688 missions and rotating at 10 to 20,000
+MifSn_0hmqY-01064-00306689-00306856 revolutions per minute the high
+MifSn_0hmqY-01065-00306857-00307066 temperature performance of fan blades
+MifSn_0hmqY-01066-00307067-00307282 has increased through developments in
+MifSn_0hmqY-01067-00307283-00307501 the casting manufacturing process the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01068-00307502-00307747 cooling design thermal barrier coatings
+MifSn_0hmqY-01069-00307748-00308185 and alloys cycle wise the HP turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-01070-00308186-00308416 Inlet temperature is less important than
+MifSn_0hmqY-01071-00308417-00308722 its rotor inlet temperature rit after
+MifSn_0hmqY-01072-00308723-00308976 the temperature drop across its stator
+MifSn_0hmqY-01073-00308977-00309250 although modern engines have peak rates
+MifSn_0hmqY-01074-00309251-00309430 of the order of one thousand five
+MifSn_0hmqY-01075-00309431-00309673 hundred and sixty degrees Celsius two
+MifSn_0hmqY-01076-00309674-00309865 thousand eight hundred and forty degrees
+MifSn_0hmqY-01077-00309866-00310069 Fahrenheit such temperatures are
+MifSn_0hmqY-01078-00310070-00310273 experienced only for a short time during
+MifSn_0hmqY-01079-00310274-00310663 takeoff on civil engines originally
+MifSn_0hmqY-01080-00310664-00310879 standard poly crystalline metals were
+MifSn_0hmqY-01081-00310880-00311140 used to make fan blades but developments
+MifSn_0hmqY-01082-00311141-00311359 in material science have allowed blades
+MifSn_0hmqY-01083-00311360-00311584 to be constructed from aligned metallic
+MifSn_0hmqY-01084-00311585-00311770 crystals and more recently single
+MifSn_0hmqY-01085-00311771-00311965 crystals to operate at higher
+MifSn_0hmqY-01086-00311966-00312289 temperatures with less distortion these
+MifSn_0hmqY-01087-00312290-00312550 alloys and nickel-based superalloys are
+MifSn_0hmqY-01088-00312551-00312835 utilized in HP turbine blades in most
+MifSn_0hmqY-01089-00312836-00313246 modern jet engines HP turbine Inlet is
+MifSn_0hmqY-01090-00313247-00313465 cooled below its melting point with air
+MifSn_0hmqY-01091-00313466-00313681 bled from the compressor bypassing the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01092-00313682-00313876 combustor and entering the hollow blade
+MifSn_0hmqY-01093-00313877-00314200 or vane after picking up heat the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01094-00314201-00314419 cooling air is dumped into the main gas
+MifSn_0hmqY-01095-00314420-00314626 stream and downstream stages are
+MifSn_0hmqY-01096-00314627-00314839 uncooled if the local temperatures are
+MifSn_0hmqY-01097-00314840-00315398 low enough
+MifSn_0hmqY-01098-00315399-00316084 topic fan blades fan blades have been
+MifSn_0hmqY-01099-00316085-00316309 growing as jet engines have been getting
+MifSn_0hmqY-01100-00316310-00316510 bigger each fan blade carries the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01101-00316511-00316727 equivalent of nine double-decker buses
+MifSn_0hmqY-01102-00316728-00316916 and swallows the volume of a squash
+MifSn_0hmqY-01103-00316917-00317243 court every second advances in
+MifSn_0hmqY-01104-00317244-00317513 computational fluid dynamics CFD
+MifSn_0hmqY-01105-00317514-00317780 modeling have permitted complex 3d
+MifSn_0hmqY-01106-00317781-00317978 curved shapes with very wide cord
+MifSn_0hmqY-01107-00317979-00318194 keeping the fan capabilities while
+MifSn_0hmqY-01108-00318195-00318553 minimizing the blade counter lower costs
+MifSn_0hmqY-01109-00318554-00318842 coincidentally the bypass ratio grew to
+MifSn_0hmqY-01110-00318843-00319070 achieve higher propulsive efficiency and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01111-00319071-00319294 the fan diameter increased rolls-royce
+MifSn_0hmqY-01112-00319295-00319556 pioneered the hollow titanium white
+MifSn_0hmqY-01113-00319557-00319805 called fan blade in the 1980s for
+MifSn_0hmqY-01114-00319806-00320018 aerodynamic efficiency and foreign
+MifSn_0hmqY-01115-00320019-00320366 object damage resistance in the RB 211
+MifSn_0hmqY-01116-00320367-00320681 then for the Trent GE aviation
+MifSn_0hmqY-01117-00320682-00320924 introduced carbon fiber composite fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-01118-00320925-00321305 blades on the GE 90 in 1995 manufactured
+MifSn_0hmqY-01119-00321306-00321527 today with a carbon fiber tape layer
+MifSn_0hmqY-01120-00321528-00321917 process GE partner saffron developed a
+MifSn_0hmqY-01121-00321918-00322148 3d woven technology with Albany
+MifSn_0hmqY-01122-00322149-00322478 composites for the cfm56 and CFM leap
+MifSn_0hmqY-01123-00322479-00322931 engines topic future progress engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-01124-00322932-00323081 calls are shrinking as they are
+MifSn_0hmqY-01125-00323082-00323324 operating at higher pressure ratios and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01126-00323325-00323501 becoming more efficient and become
+MifSn_0hmqY-01127-00323502-00323734 smaller compared to the fan as bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-01128-00323735-00324089 ratios increase blade tip clearances are
+MifSn_0hmqY-01129-00324090-00324287 harder to maintain at the exit of the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01130-00324288-00324464 high-pressure compressor where blades
+MifSn_0hmqY-01131-00324465-00324832 are 0.5 in 13 millimeters high or less
+MifSn_0hmqY-01132-00324833-00325031 backbone bending further affects
+MifSn_0hmqY-01133-00325032-00325232 clearance control as the core is
+MifSn_0hmqY-01134-00325233-00325439 proportionately longer and thinner and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01135-00325440-00325643 the fan to low pressure turbine drive
+MifSn_0hmqY-01136-00325644-00325892 shaft is in constrained space within the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01137-00325893-00326150 core four pratt & whitney vp technology
+MifSn_0hmqY-01138-00326151-00326372 and environment Alan Epstein over the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01139-00326373-00326588 history of commercial aviation we have
+MifSn_0hmqY-01140-00326589-00326777 gone from 20 percent to 40 percent
+MifSn_0hmqY-01141-00326778-00327002 cruise efficiency and there is a
+MifSn_0hmqY-01142-00327003-00327221 consensus among the engine community
+MifSn_0hmqY-01143-00327222-00327440 that we can probably get to 60 percent
+MifSn_0hmqY-01144-00327441-00327695 geared turbofans and further fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-01145-00327696-00327934 pressure ratio reductions will continue
+MifSn_0hmqY-01146-00327935-00328223 to improve propulsive efficiency the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01147-00328224-00328457 second phase of the FAA s continuous
+MifSn_0hmqY-01148-00328458-00328660 lower energy emissions and noise
+MifSn_0hmqY-01149-00328661-00328799 Clee n
+MifSn_0hmqY-01150-00328800-00329041 program is targeting for the late 2020s
+MifSn_0hmqY-01151-00329042-00329438 reductions of 33% fuel burn 60%
+MifSn_0hmqY-01152-00329439-00329750 emissions and 32 decibels EP NDB noise
+MifSn_0hmqY-01153-00329751-00330004 compared with the 2000 state-of-the-art
+MifSn_0hmqY-01154-00330005-00330365 in summer 2017 at NASA Glenn Research
+MifSn_0hmqY-01155-00330366-00330644 Center in Cleveland Ohio Pratt has
+MifSn_0hmqY-01156-00330645-00330830 finished testing a very low pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-01157-00330831-00331202 ratio fan on a pw100 og resembling an
+MifSn_0hmqY-01158-00331203-00331444 open rotor with less blades than the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01159-00331445-00331760 pw1000g is 20 the weight and size of the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01160-00331761-00331997 nacelle would be reduced by a short duct
+MifSn_0hmqY-01161-00331998-00332234 Inlet imposing higher aerodynamic
+MifSn_0hmqY-01162-00332235-00332444 turning loads on the blades and leaving
+MifSn_0hmqY-01163-00332445-00332666 less space for soundproofing but a lower
+MifSn_0hmqY-01164-00332667-00332999 pressure ratio fan is slower UTC
+MifSn_0hmqY-01165-00333000-00333248 aerospace systems aerostructures will
+MifSn_0hmqY-01166-00333249-00333542 have a full-scale ground test in 2019 of
+MifSn_0hmqY-01167-00333543-00333716 its low drag integrated propulsion
+MifSn_0hmqY-01168-00333717-00333980 system with a thrust reverser improving
+MifSn_0hmqY-01169-00333981-00334412 fuel burn by 1% and with 2.5 to 3 EPN DB
+MifSn_0hmqY-01170-00334413-00334502 lower noise
+MifSn_0hmqY-01171-00334503-00334739 Safran can probably deliver another 10
+MifSn_0hmqY-01172-00334740-00334997 to 15 percent in fuel efficiency through
+MifSn_0hmqY-01173-00334998-00335225 the mid-2020s before reaching an
+MifSn_0hmqY-01174-00335226-00335405 asymptote and next we'll have to
+MifSn_0hmqY-01175-00335406-00335621 introduce a breakthrough to increase the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01176-00335622-00335975 bypass ratio to 35 to 1 instead of 11 to
+MifSn_0hmqY-01177-00335976-00336263 1 for the CFM leap it is demonstrating a
+MifSn_0hmqY-01178-00336264-00336515 counter rotating open rotor unducted fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-01179-00336516-00336782 Pro fan in Istra France under the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01180-00336783-00337051 european clean sky technology program
+MifSn_0hmqY-01181-00337052-00337346 modeling advances and high specific
+MifSn_0hmqY-01182-00337347-00337550 strength materials may help it succeed
+MifSn_0hmqY-01183-00337551-00337856 where previous attempts failed when
+MifSn_0hmqY-01184-00337857-00338045 noise levels will be within current
+MifSn_0hmqY-01185-00338046-00338273 standards and similar to the leap engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-01186-00338274-00338576 15% lower fuel burn will be available
+MifSn_0hmqY-01187-00338577-00338762 and for that Safran is testing its
+MifSn_0hmqY-01188-00338763-00339029 controls vibration and operation while
+MifSn_0hmqY-01189-00339030-00339191 airframe integration is still
+MifSn_0hmqY-01190-00339192-00339467 challenging for GE aviation the energy
+MifSn_0hmqY-01191-00339468-00339755 density of jet fuel still maximizes the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01192-00339756-00339941 breguet range equation and higher
+MifSn_0hmqY-01193-00339942-00340163 pressure ratio calls lower pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-01194-00340164-00340430 ratio fans low loss inlets and lighter
+MifSn_0hmqY-01195-00340431-00340652 structures can further improve thermal
+MifSn_0hmqY-01196-00340653-00340901 transfer and propulsive efficiency under
+MifSn_0hmqY-01197-00340902-00341213 the US air force's adaptive engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-01198-00341214-00341396 transition program adaptive
+MifSn_0hmqY-01199-00341397-00341642 thermodynamic cycles will be used for
+MifSn_0hmqY-01200-00341643-00341888 the 6th generation jet fighter based on
+MifSn_0hmqY-01201-00341889-00342128 a modified Brayton cycle and constant
+MifSn_0hmqY-01202-00342129-00342174 volume
+MifSn_0hmqY-01203-00342175-00342480 combustion additive manufacturing in the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01204-00342481-00342723 advanced turboprop will reduce weight by
+MifSn_0hmqY-01205-00342724-00343092 5% and fuel burn by 20% rotating and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01206-00343093-00343380 Static ceramic matrix composites EMC
+MifSn_0hmqY-01207-00343381-00343688 parts operates 500 degrees Fahrenheit
+MifSn_0hmqY-01208-00343689-00344010 260 degrees Celsius hotter the metal and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01209-00344011-00344292 the one-third its weight with twenty one
+MifSn_0hmqY-01210-00344293-00344484 point nine million dollars from the Air
+MifSn_0hmqY-01211-00344485-00344718 Force Research Laboratory ge is
+MifSn_0hmqY-01212-00344719-00344994 investing 200 million dollars in a CMC
+MifSn_0hmqY-01213-00344995-00345246 facility in Huntsville Alabama in
+MifSn_0hmqY-01214-00345247-00345450 addition to its Asheville North Carolina
+MifSn_0hmqY-01215-00345451-00345747 site mass producing silicon carbide
+MifSn_0hmqY-01216-00345748-00346020 matrix with silicon carbide fibers in
+MifSn_0hmqY-01217-00346021-00346464 2018 cmcs will be used ten times more by
+MifSn_0hmqY-01218-00346465-00346809 the mid-2020s the CFM leap requires 18
+MifSn_0hmqY-01219-00346810-00347079 CMC turbine shrouds per engine and the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01220-00347080-00347328 GE 9x will use it in the combustor and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01221-00347329-00347679 442 HP turbine nozzles rolls-royce PLC
+MifSn_0hmqY-01222-00347680-00347961 aim for a sixty to one pressure ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-01223-00347962-00348252 core for the 2020s ultra fan and began
+MifSn_0hmqY-01224-00348253-00348575 ground tests of its 100,000 horsepower
+MifSn_0hmqY-01225-00348576-00348983 75,000 kilowatts gear for 100,000 lbf
+MifSn_0hmqY-01226-00348984-00349326 440 kilonewtons and 15 to 1 bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-01227-00349327-00349680 ratios nearly stoichiometric turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-01228-00349681-00349875 entry temperatures approaches the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01229-00349876-00350082 theoretical limit and its impact on
+MifSn_0hmqY-01230-00350083-00350265 emissions has to be balanced with
+MifSn_0hmqY-01231-00350266-00350589 environmental performance goals open
+MifSn_0hmqY-01232-00350590-00350850 rotors lower pressure ratio fans and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01233-00350851-00351048 potentially distributed propulsion
+MifSn_0hmqY-01234-00351049-00351267 offers more room for better propulsive
+MifSn_0hmqY-01235-00351268-00351651 efficiency exotic cycles heat exchanges
+MifSn_0hmqY-01236-00351652-00351846 and pressure gain constant volume
+MifSn_0hmqY-01237-00351847-00352074 combustion can improve thermodynamic
+MifSn_0hmqY-01238-00352075-00352389 efficiency additive manufacturing could
+MifSn_0hmqY-01239-00352390-00352569 be an enabler for intercooler and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01240-00352570-00352800 recuperate errs closer airframe
+MifSn_0hmqY-01241-00352801-00352971 integration and hybrid or electric
+MifSn_0hmqY-01242-00352972-00353211 aircraft can be combined with gas
+MifSn_0hmqY-01243-00353212-00353451 turbines current rolls-royce engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-01244-00353452-00353760 have a 72 to 82 percent propulsive
+MifSn_0hmqY-01245-00353761-00354081 efficiency and 42 to 49 percent thermal
+MifSn_0hmqY-01246-00354082-00354573 efficiency for a 0.63 to 0.49 pounds lbf
+MifSn_0hmqY-01247-00354574-00354957 h 64,000 to 50 thousand grams kilonewton
+MifSn_0hmqY-01248-00354958-00355335 per hour tsfc at mak 0.8 and aim for
+MifSn_0hmqY-01249-00355336-00355567 theoretical limits of 95%
+MifSn_0hmqY-01250-00355568-00355819 for open rotor propulsive efficiency and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01251-00355820-00356068 60% for thermal efficiency with
+MifSn_0hmqY-01252-00356069-00356314 stoichiometric turbine entry temperature
+MifSn_0hmqY-01253-00356315-00356497 an eighty to one overall pressure ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-01254-00356498-00356859 for a zero point three five pounds lbf H
+MifSn_0hmqY-01255-00356860-00357127 thirty six thousand grams kilonewton per
+MifSn_0hmqY-01256-00357128-00357432 hour TS FCA's teething troubles may not
+MifSn_0hmqY-01257-00357433-00357660 show up until several thousand hours
+MifSn_0hmqY-01258-00357661-00357906 the latest turbofans technical problems
+MifSn_0hmqY-01259-00357907-00358123 disrupt airlines operations and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01260-00358124-00358294 manufacturers deliveries while
+MifSn_0hmqY-01261-00358295-00358521 production rates are rising sharply
+MifSn_0hmqY-01262-00358522-00358828 Trent 1000 cracked blades grounded
+MifSn_0hmqY-01263-00358829-00359164 almost fifty Boeing 787s and reduced eto
+MifSn_0hmqY-01264-00359165-00359428 PS to two point three hours down from
+MifSn_0hmqY-01265-00359429-00359694 five point five costing rolls-royce PLC
+MifSn_0hmqY-01266-00359695-00359941 almost nine hundred and fifty million
+MifSn_0hmqY-01267-00359942-00360340 dollars pw100 og knife-edge seal
+MifSn_0hmqY-01268-00360341-00360534 fractures have caused Pratt and Whitney
+MifSn_0hmqY-01269-00360535-00360829 to fall way behind in deliveries leaving
+MifSn_0hmqY-01270-00360830-00361024 about one hundred engineless a three
+MifSn_0hmqY-01271-00361025-00361233 hundred and twenty Neos waiting for the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01272-00361234-00361576 power plants the CFM leap introduction
+MifSn_0hmqY-01273-00361577-00361837 was smoother but a ceramic composite HP
+MifSn_0hmqY-01274-00361838-00362070 turbine coating is prematurely lost
+MifSn_0hmqY-01275-00362071-00362391 necessitating a new design causing sixty
+MifSn_0hmqY-01276-00362392-00362709 a320neo engine removal for modification
+MifSn_0hmqY-01277-00362710-00363102 as deliveries are up to six weeks late
+MifSn_0hmqY-01278-00363103-00363418 topic manufacturers the turbofan engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-01279-00363419-00363633 market is dominated by General Electric
+MifSn_0hmqY-01280-00363634-00363957 rules royce plc and pratt & whitney in
+MifSn_0hmqY-01281-00363958-00364273 order of market share General Electric
+MifSn_0hmqY-01282-00364274-00364530 and SN ECMA of France have a joint
+MifSn_0hmqY-01283-00364531-00364864 venture CFM international Pratt &
+MifSn_0hmqY-01284-00364865-00365046 Whitney also have a joint venture
+MifSn_0hmqY-01285-00365047-00365317 international aero engines with Japanese
+MifSn_0hmqY-01286-00365318-00365553 aero engine corporation and MTU aero
+MifSn_0hmqY-01287-00365554-00365818 engines of Germany specializing in
+MifSn_0hmqY-01288-00365819-00366199 engines for the Airbus a320 family Pratt
+MifSn_0hmqY-01289-00366200-00366400 & Whitney and General Electric have a
+MifSn_0hmqY-01290-00366401-00366649 joint venture engine Alliance selling a
+MifSn_0hmqY-01291-00366650-00366853 range of engines for aircraft such as
+MifSn_0hmqY-01292-00366854-00367252 the Airbus a380 for airliners and cargo
+MifSn_0hmqY-01293-00367253-00367578 aircraft the in-service fleet in 2016 is
+MifSn_0hmqY-01294-00367579-00367830 60,000 engines and should grow to one
+MifSn_0hmqY-01295-00367831-00368119 hundred and three thousand in 2035 with
+MifSn_0hmqY-01296-00368120-00368269 eighty six thousand five hundred
+MifSn_0hmqY-01297-00368270-00368547 deliveries according to fight global a
+MifSn_0hmqY-01298-00368548-00368829 majority will be medium frost engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-01299-00368830-00368960 for narrow-body air
+MifSn_0hmqY-01300-00368961-00369251 craft with 54,000 deliveries for a fleet
+MifSn_0hmqY-01301-00369252-00369731 growing from 28,500 to 61 thousand high
+MifSn_0hmqY-01302-00369732-00369956 thrust engines for wide-body aircraft
+MifSn_0hmqY-01303-00369957-00370301 worth 40 to 45% of the market by value
+MifSn_0hmqY-01304-00370302-00370539 will grow from twelve thousand seven
+MifSn_0hmqY-01305-00370540-00370808 hundred engines to over 21,000 with
+MifSn_0hmqY-01306-00370809-00370938 eighteen thousand five hundred
+MifSn_0hmqY-01307-00370939-00371241 deliveries the regional jet engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-01308-00371242-00371598 below 20,000 pounds 89 kilonewtons fleet
+MifSn_0hmqY-01309-00371599-00371790 will grow from seven thousand five
+MifSn_0hmqY-01310-00371791-00371978 hundred to nine thousand and the fleet
+MifSn_0hmqY-01311-00371979-00372182 of turboprops for airliners will
+MifSn_0hmqY-01312-00372183-00372374 increase from nine thousand four hundred
+MifSn_0hmqY-01313-00372375-00372632 to ten thousand two hundred the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01314-00372633-00372867 manufacturers market share should be led
+MifSn_0hmqY-01315-00372868-00373199 by CFM with 44 percent followed by pratt
+MifSn_0hmqY-01316-00373200-00373430 & whitney with 29 percent and then
+MifSn_0hmqY-01317-00373431-00373673 rolls-royce and General Electric with 10
+MifSn_0hmqY-01318-00373674-00374255 percent each
+MifSn_0hmqY-01319-00374256-00374750 topic gallery
+MifSn_0hmqY-01320-00374751-00375091 you
+MifSn_0hmqY-01321-00375092-00375808 topic commercial turbofans in production
+MifSn_0hmqY-01322-00375809-00376132 tropic extreme bypass jet engines in the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01323-00376133-00376616 1970s rolls-royce s NEC ma tested m4 5 s
+MifSn_0hmqY-01324-00376617-00376886 do two turbofan fitted with variable
+MifSn_0hmqY-01325-00376887-00377126 pitch fan blades to improve handling at
+MifSn_0hmqY-01326-00377127-00377366 ultra-low fan pressure ratios and to
+MifSn_0hmqY-01327-00377367-00377579 provide thrust reverse down to zero
+MifSn_0hmqY-01328-00377580-00377879 aircraft speed the engine was aimed at
+MifSn_0hmqY-01329-00377880-00378185 ultra-quiet s tol aircraft operating
+MifSn_0hmqY-01330-00378186-00378482 from city centre airports in a bid for
+MifSn_0hmqY-01331-00378483-00378704 increased efficiency with speed a
+MifSn_0hmqY-01332-00378705-00378968 development of the turbofan & turboprop
+MifSn_0hmqY-01333-00378969-00379199 known as a profound engine was created
+MifSn_0hmqY-01334-00379200-00379466 that had a none ducted fan the fan
+MifSn_0hmqY-01335-00379467-00379712 blades are situated outside of the duct
+MifSn_0hmqY-01336-00379713-00379964 so that it appears like a turboprop with
+MifSn_0hmqY-01337-00379965-00380270 white scimitar like blades both General
+MifSn_0hmqY-01338-00380271-00380492 Electric and Pratt & Whitney Allison
+MifSn_0hmqY-01339-00380493-00380711 demonstrated profound engines in the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01340-00380712-00381050 1980s excessive cabin noise and
+MifSn_0hmqY-01341-00381051-00381281 relatively cheap jet fuel prevented the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01342-00381282-00381566 engines being put into service the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01343-00381567-00381872 progress d-27 pro fan developed in the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01344-00381873-00382136 USSR was the only pro fan engine
+MifSn_0hmqY-01345-00382137-00382840 equipped on a production aircraft
+MifSn_0hmqY-01346-00382841-00383679 topic terminology afterburner extra
+MifSn_0hmqY-01347-00383680-00383923 combustor immediately upstream of final
+MifSn_0hmqY-01348-00383924-00384339 nozzle also called reheat augmenter
+MifSn_0hmqY-01349-00384340-00384622 afterburner on low-bypass turbofan
+MifSn_0hmqY-01350-00384623-00385093 engines average stage loading constant
+MifSn_0hmqY-01351-00385094-00385335 times delta temperature blade speed
+MifSn_0hmqY-01352-00385336-00385724 times blade speed times number of stages
+MifSn_0hmqY-01353-00385725-00386074 bypass air stream that completely
+MifSn_0hmqY-01354-00386075-00386304 bypasses the core compression system
+MifSn_0hmqY-01355-00386305-00386671 combustor and turbine system bypass
+MifSn_0hmqY-01356-00386672-00387054 ratio bypass air flow core compression
+MifSn_0hmqY-01357-00387055-00387466 Inlet air flow core turbo machinery
+MifSn_0hmqY-01358-00387467-00387673 handling the air stream that passes
+MifSn_0hmqY-01359-00387674-00388014 through the combustor core power
+MifSn_0hmqY-01360-00388015-00388321 residual shaft power from ideal turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-01361-00388322-00388527 expansion to ambient pressure after
+MifSn_0hmqY-01362-00388528-00388867 deducting core compression power call
+MifSn_0hmqY-01363-00388868-00389188 thermal efficiency core power power
+MifSn_0hmqY-01364-00389189-00389685 equivalent of fuel flow dry afterburner
+MifSn_0hmqY-01365-00389686-00390196 it fitted not lit egt exhaust gas
+MifSn_0hmqY-01366-00390197-00390725 temperature EPR engine pressure ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-01367-00390726-00391281 fan turbofan LP compressor fan pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-01368-00391282-00391674 ratio fan outlet total pressure in take
+MifSn_0hmqY-01369-00391675-00392146 delivery total pressure flex temp use of
+MifSn_0hmqY-01370-00392147-00392317 artificially higher parent air
+MifSn_0hmqY-01371-00392318-00392662 temperature to reduce engine wear gas
+MifSn_0hmqY-01372-00392663-00393206 generator engine core HP compressor
+MifSn_0hmqY-01373-00393207-00393616 high-pressure compressor also HP c HP
+MifSn_0hmqY-01374-00393617-00394120 turbine high-pressure turbine intake ram
+MifSn_0hmqY-01375-00394121-00394495 drag penalty associated with jet engines
+MifSn_0hmqY-01376-00394496-00394671 picking up air from the atmosphere
+MifSn_0hmqY-01377-00394672-00394926 conventional rocket motors do not have
+MifSn_0hmqY-01378-00394927-00395140 this drag term because the oxidizer
+MifSn_0hmqY-01379-00395141-00395558 travels with the vehicle IEP are
+MifSn_0hmqY-01380-00395559-00395910 integrated engine pressure ratio IP
+MifSn_0hmqY-01381-00395911-00396084 compressor
+MifSn_0hmqY-01382-00396085-00396291 intermediate pressure compressor also
+MifSn_0hmqY-01383-00396292-00396807 IPC IP turbine intermediate pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-01384-00396808-00397332 turbine also IPT LP compressor low
+MifSn_0hmqY-01385-00397333-00397790 pressure compressor also LPC LP turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-01386-00397791-00398241 low pressure turbine also LP t net
+MifSn_0hmqY-01387-00398242-00398613 thrust nozzle total gross thrust intake
+MifSn_0hmqY-01388-00398614-00398931 ram drag excluding nacelle drag etc this
+MifSn_0hmqY-01389-00398932-00399126 is the basic thrust acting on the
+MifSn_0hmqY-01390-00399127-00399503 airframe overall pressure ratio
+MifSn_0hmqY-01391-00399504-00399789 combustor Inlet total pressure in take
+MifSn_0hmqY-01392-00399790-00400089 delivery total pressure overall
+MifSn_0hmqY-01393-00400090-00400449 efficiency thermal efficiency asterisk
+MifSn_0hmqY-01394-00400450-00400761 propulsive efficiency propulsive
+MifSn_0hmqY-01395-00400762-00401103 efficiency propulsive power rate of
+MifSn_0hmqY-01396-00401104-00401322 production of propulsive kinetic energy
+MifSn_0hmqY-01397-00401323-00401565 maximum propulsive efficiency occurs
+MifSn_0hmqY-01398-00401566-00401796 when jet velocity equals flight velocity
+MifSn_0hmqY-01399-00401797-00402180 which implies zero net thrust specific
+MifSn_0hmqY-01400-00402181-00402324 fuel consumption
+MifSn_0hmqY-01401-00402325-00402690 SFC total fuel flow net thrust
+MifSn_0hmqY-01402-00402691-00402972 proportional to fight velocity overall
+MifSn_0hmqY-01403-00402973-00403379 thermal efficiency spooling up
+MifSn_0hmqY-01404-00403380-00403767 accelerating marked by a delay static
+MifSn_0hmqY-01405-00403768-00404064 pressure pressure of the fluid which is
+MifSn_0hmqY-01406-00404065-00404292 associated not with its motion but with
+MifSn_0hmqY-01407-00404293-00404718 its state specific thrust net thrust
+MifSn_0hmqY-01408-00404719-00405189 intake air flow thermal efficiency rate
+MifSn_0hmqY-01409-00405190-00405396 of production of propulsive kinetic
+MifSn_0hmqY-01410-00405397-00405821 energy fuel power total fuel flow
+MifSn_0hmqY-01411-00405822-00406125 combustor plus any afterburner fuel flow
+MifSn_0hmqY-01412-00406126-00406404 rate eg pound for second or gram per
+MifSn_0hmqY-01413-00406405-00406833 second total pressure static pressure
+MifSn_0hmqY-01414-00406834-00407199 plus kinetic energy term turbine rotor
+MifSn_0hmqY-01415-00407200-00407535 inlet temperature gas absolute mean
+MifSn_0hmqY-01416-00407536-00407943 temperature principle eg HP turbine
+MifSn_0hmqY-01417-00407944-00408465 rotor entry
+MifSn_0hmqY-01418-00408466-00409022 topic see also
+MifSn_0hmqY-01419-00409023-00409664 jet engine turbojet turboprop turbo
+MifSn_0hmqY-01420-00409664-00410288 shaft pro fan axial fan design variable
+MifSn_0hmqY-01421-00410289-00410747 cycle engine jet engine performance gas
+MifSn_0hmqY-01422-00410747-00411256 turbine turbine engine failure
+MiYonp23equ-00000-00000017-00000430 the United States Air Force's 17th
+MiYonp23equ-00001-00000430-00000749 expeditionary space control squadron as
+MiYonp23equ-00002-00000750-00001025 a provisional unit of the United States
+MiYonp23equ-00003-00001026-00001307 Air Force stationed at Peterson Air
+MiYonp23equ-00004-00001308-00001838 Force Base Colorado as the 17th Space
+MiYonp23equ-00005-00001839-00002165 Surveillance squadron the unit operated
+MiYonp23equ-00006-00002166-00002335 sensors for the low-altitude
+MiYonp23equ-00007-00002336-00003220 surveillance system from Rothfeld well
+MiYonp23equ-00008-00003221-00003761 topic history
+MiYonp23equ-00009-00003762-00004074 the squadron was first organized at
+MiYonp23equ-00010-00004075-00004397 Morristown New Jersey as the 17th
+MiYonp23equ-00011-00004398-00004770 surveillance squadron the 17th operated
+MiYonp23equ-00012-00004771-00005129 a radar sensor for the USAF Space track
+MiYonp23equ-00013-00005130-00005385 system at Morristown until it was
+MiYonp23equ-00014-00005386-00005799 inactivated in December 1969 the
+MiYonp23equ-00015-00005800-00006159 squadron was redesignated the 17th radar
+MiYonp23equ-00016-00006160-00006534 squadron and activated at KO kha Air
+MiYonp23equ-00017-00006534-00007137 Station Thailand in September 1971 at KO
+MiYonp23equ-00018-00007138-00007520 kha it tracked Chinese missile launches
+MiYonp23equ-00019-00007522-00007788 and southerly launches from the Soviet
+MiYonp23equ-00020-00007789-00008244 Union until its inactivation in May 1976
+MiYonp23equ-00021-00008245-00008566 the 17th returned to its original
+MiYonp23equ-00022-00008567-00008846 designation of 17th surveillance
+MiYonp23equ-00023-00008847-00009126 squadron and was activated at Naval
+MiYonp23equ-00024-00009127-00009449 Station San Miguel Philippines on the
+MiYonp23equ-00025-00009450-00009971 1st of August 1982 at San Miguel the
+MiYonp23equ-00026-00009972-00010274 unit operated a radar sensor for the
+MiYonp23equ-00027-00010275-00010608 United States Space Surveillance Network
+MiYonp23equ-00028-00010609-00010983 it's an gps 10 radar reached initial
+MiYonp23equ-00029-00010984-00011295 operational capability in April of the
+MiYonp23equ-00030-00011296-00011517 following year and the squadron
+MiYonp23equ-00031-00011518-00011763 continued operating it until shortly
+MiYonp23equ-00032-00011764-00012180 before inactivating again in June 1989
+MiYonp23equ-00033-00012181-00012506 when its radar was decommissioned and
+MiYonp23equ-00034-00012507-00012806 replaced by a radar at Saipan
+MiYonp23equ-00035-00012807-00013227 reactivating again in October 1993 at
+MiYonp23equ-00036-00013228-00013602 Roth atoll Scotland as the 17th Space
+MiYonp23equ-00037-00013603-00013869 Surveillance squadron it operated
+MiYonp23equ-00038-00013869-00014136 sensors for the low altitude Space
+MiYonp23equ-00039-00014137-00014355 Surveillance system until its
+MiYonp23equ-00040-00014356-00014619 inactivation and the closure of Roth
+MiYonp23equ-00041-00014619-00015156 feds'll in 1996 with the inactivation of
+MiYonp23equ-00042-00015157-00015519 the 73rd space group and closure of Roth
+MiYonp23equ-00043-00015519-00016005 feds'll Scotland in October 1996 the
+MiYonp23equ-00044-00016006-00016266 fifth Space Surveillance Squadron at RAF
+MiYonp23equ-00045-00016266-00016643 felt well United Kingdom incorporated
+MiYonp23equ-00046-00016644-00016947 the squadrons mission
+MiYonp23equ-00047-00016948-00017346 in May 2009 the squadron was converted
+MiYonp23equ-00048-00017347-00017653 to provisional status as the 17th
+MiYonp23equ-00049-00017654-00017967 expeditionary space control squadron and
+MiYonp23equ-00050-00017968-00018249 assigned to Air Force Base command to
+MiYonp23equ-00051-00018250-00018672 activate or inactivate as needed Space
+MiYonp23equ-00052-00018673-00018942 Command immediately activated the
+MiYonp23equ-00053-00018943-00019225 squadron at Peterson Air Force Base
+MiYonp23equ-00054-00019226-00019899 Colorado
+MiYonp23equ-00055-00019900-00020499 topic lineage
+MiYonp23equ-00056-00020500-00020800 constituted as the 17th surveillance
+MiYonp23equ-00057-00020801-00021088 squadron and activated on the 1st of
+MiYonp23equ-00058-00021089-00021600 November 1966 not organized organized on
+MiYonp23equ-00059-00021601-00022067 the 1st of January 1967
+MiYonp23equ-00060-00022068-00022538 inactivated on the 31st of December 1969
+MiYonp23equ-00061-00022539-00022955 redesignate 'add 17th radar squadron on
+MiYonp23equ-00062-00022956-00023389 the 20th of May 1971 activated on the
+MiYonp23equ-00063-00023390-00023817 1st of September 1971
+MiYonp23equ-00064-00023818-00024278 inactivated on the 31st of May 1976
+MiYonp23equ-00065-00024279-00024666 redesignate 17th surveillance squadron
+MiYonp23equ-00066-00024667-00025110 on the 28th of December 1981 activated
+MiYonp23equ-00067-00025111-00025514 on the 1st of August 1982
+MiYonp23equ-00068-00025515-00025936 inactivated on the 1st of June 1989
+MiYonp23equ-00069-00025937-00026265 re-designated 17th Space Surveillance
+MiYonp23equ-00070-00026266-00026743 Squadron on the 25th of October 1993
+MiYonp23equ-00071-00026744-00027307 activated on the 15th of November 1993
+MiYonp23equ-00072-00027308-00027736 inactivated on the 1st of July 1996
+MiYonp23equ-00073-00027737-00028129 redesignate 17th expeditionary space
+MiYonp23equ-00074-00028130-00028389 control squadron converted to
+MiYonp23equ-00075-00028390-00028693 provisional status and activated on the
+MiYonp23equ-00076-00028694-00029402 28th of May 2009
+MiYonp23equ-00077-00029403-00029956 topic assignments
+MiYonp23equ-00078-00029957-00030366 Air Defense Command the 1st of November
+MiYonp23equ-00079-00030367-00031014 1966 not organized 73d aerospace
+MiYonp23equ-00080-00031016-00031554 surveillance wing 1 Jan wire 1967 - 31
+MiYonp23equ-00081-00031555-00032236 December 1969 14th aerospace force the
+MiYonp23equ-00082-00032237-00032766 1st of September 1971 - the 31st of May
+MiYonp23equ-00083-00032767-00033007 1976
+MiYonp23equ-00084-00033008-00033586 3d air division the first of August 1982
+MiYonp23equ-00085-00033587-00034017 first Space Wing the first of May 1983
+MiYonp23equ-00086-00034018-00034751 to the 1st of June 1989 70 3d space
+MiYonp23equ-00087-00034752-00035401 group the 15th of November 1993 21st
+MiYonp23equ-00088-00035402-00035892 Operations Group the 26th of April 1995
+MiYonp23equ-00089-00035893-00036371 to the 1st of July 1996
+MiYonp23equ-00090-00036372-00036714 Air Force Space Command to activate or
+MiYonp23equ-00091-00036715-00037049 inactivate as needed the 28th of May
+MiYonp23equ-00092-00037050-00037499 2009 attached to 21st Space Wing the
+MiYonp23equ-00093-00037500-00038202 28th of May 2009
+MiYonp23equ-00094-00038203-00038769 topic stations
+MiYonp23equ-00095-00038770-00039103 Moorestown New Jersey the first of
+MiYonp23equ-00096-00039104-00039615 January 1967 to the 31st of December
+MiYonp23equ-00097-00039616-00039870 1969
+MiYonp23equ-00098-00039871-00040365 KO kha air station Thailand the first of
+MiYonp23equ-00099-00040366-00041097 September 1971 to the 31st of May 1976
+MiYonp23equ-00100-00041098-00041499 Naval Station San Miguel Philippines the
+MiYonp23equ-00101-00041500-00041859 first of August 1982 to the first of
+MiYonp23equ-00102-00041860-00042519 June 1989 wrath Edsel Scotland the 15th
+MiYonp23equ-00103-00042520-00043223 of November 1993 to the 1st of July 1996
+MiYonp23equ-00104-00043224-00043611 Peterson Air Force Base Colorado the
+MiYonp23equ-00105-00043612-00044314 28th of May 2009
+MiYonp23equ-00106-00044315-00044893 topic decorations
+MiYonp23equ-00107-00044894-00045238 Air Force outstanding unit award the
+MiYonp23equ-00108-00045239-00045670 first of October 1995 to the 30th of
+MiYonp23equ-00109-00045671-00046040 September 1997
+MiYonp23equ-00110-00046041-00046499 the first of August 1982 to the 31st of
+MiYonp23equ-00111-00046500-00046841 July 1983
+MiYonp23equ-00112-00046842-00047336 the 14th of September 1973 to the 17th
+MiYonp23equ-00113-00047337-00047801 of February 1975
+N0BZbshBgjk-00000-00000057-00000351 Richmond upon Thames in the southwest of
+N0BZbshBgjk-00001-00000352-00000609 Greater London has more parks open
+N0BZbshBgjk-00002-00000610-00000819 spaces and nature reserves than any
+N0BZbshBgjk-00003-00000819-00000971 other London borough
+N0BZbshBgjk-00004-00000972-00001527 these include Kew Gardens three royal
+N0BZbshBgjk-00005-00001528-00001821 parks Richmond Park which includes the
+N0BZbshBgjk-00006-00001822-00002084 Isabella plantation bushy park which
+N0BZbshBgjk-00007-00002085-00002304 includes the upper Lodge water gardens
+N0BZbshBgjk-00008-00002305-00002646 and Hampton Court Park English
+N0BZbshBgjk-00009-00002647-00002849 Heritage's Marble Hill Park in
+N0BZbshBgjk-00010-00002850-00003180 Twickenham Thames waters Sunnyside
+N0BZbshBgjk-00011-00003181-00003654 reservoir the wwt London wetland Sentra
+N0BZbshBgjk-00012-00003654-00003909 there are over 100 parks and open spaces
+N0BZbshBgjk-00013-00003910-00004149 within the Burroughs boundary in 21
+N0BZbshBgjk-00014-00004150-00004470 miles of river frontage many of the open
+N0BZbshBgjk-00015-00004471-00004838 spaces were village greens the main
+N0BZbshBgjk-00016-00004839-00005091 parks and open spaces managed by
+N0BZbshBgjk-00017-00005092-00005368 Richmond upon Thames Borough Council are
+N0BZbshBgjk-00018-00005369-00005691 the crane Riverside Park linking the
+N0BZbshBgjk-00019-00005692-00005931 boroughs of Richmond and Hounslow is one
+N0BZbshBgjk-00020-00005932-00006111 of eleven parks in Greater London
+N0BZbshBgjk-00021-00006112-00006363 selected for renovation funds by a
+N0BZbshBgjk-00022-00006364-00006801 public vote in 2009 the park received
+N0BZbshBgjk-00023-00006802-00007059 400 thousand pounds towards better
+N0BZbshBgjk-00024-00007059-00007329 footpaths more lighting refurbished
+N0BZbshBgjk-00025-00007330-00007590 public toilets and new play areas for
+N0BZbshBgjk-00026-00007591-00007794 children
+N19GprRo_aI-00000-00000000-00000356 a Republic Latin race pública is a form
+N19GprRo_aI-00001-00000357-00000518 of government in which the country is
+N19GprRo_aI-00002-00000519-00000776 considered a public matter not the
+N19GprRo_aI-00003-00000777-00000979 private concern or property of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00004-00000980-00001225 rulers the primary positions of power
+N19GprRo_aI-00005-00001226-00001466 within a republic are not inherited it
+N19GprRo_aI-00006-00001467-00001655 is a form of government under which the
+N19GprRo_aI-00007-00001655-00001820 head of state is not a monarch in
+N19GprRo_aI-00008-00001821-00002026 American English the definition of a
+N19GprRo_aI-00009-00002027-00002258 republic refers specifically to a form
+N19GprRo_aI-00010-00002259-00002399 of government in which elected
+N19GprRo_aI-00011-00002400-00002602 individuals represent the citizen body
+N19GprRo_aI-00012-00002603-00002795 and exercised power according to the
+N19GprRo_aI-00013-00002796-00002990 rule of law under a constitution
+N19GprRo_aI-00014-00002991-00003199 including separation of powers with an
+N19GprRo_aI-00015-00003200-00003379 elected head of state referred to as a
+N19GprRo_aI-00016-00003380-00003547 constitutional republic or
+N19GprRo_aI-00017-00003548-00003947 representative democracy as of 2017 159
+N19GprRo_aI-00018-00003947-00004199 of the world's 206 sovereign states use
+N19GprRo_aI-00019-00004200-00004460 the word Republic as part of their
+N19GprRo_aI-00020-00004461-00004643 official names not all of these are
+N19GprRo_aI-00021-00004644-00004784 Republic's in the sense of having
+N19GprRo_aI-00022-00004785-00004967 elected governments nor is the word
+N19GprRo_aI-00023-00004968-00005243 Republic used in the names of all
+N19GprRo_aI-00024-00005244-00005459 nations with elected governments while
+N19GprRo_aI-00025-00005460-00005654 heads of state often tend to claim that
+N19GprRo_aI-00026-00005655-00005854 they rule only by the consent of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00027-00005855-00006101 governed elections in some countries
+N19GprRo_aI-00028-00006102-00006259 have been found to be held more for the
+N19GprRo_aI-00029-00006260-00006523 purpose of show than for the actual
+N19GprRo_aI-00030-00006525-00006728 purpose of in reality providing citizens
+N19GprRo_aI-00031-00006729-00006946 with any genuine ability to choose their
+N19GprRo_aI-00032-00006947-00007151 own leaders the term Republic was first
+N19GprRo_aI-00033-00007152-00007531 coined C 500 BC in Rome but over time
+N19GprRo_aI-00034-00007533-00007720 the term has undergone several changes
+N19GprRo_aI-00035-00007722-00007976 in meaning initially the Latin term
+N19GprRo_aI-00036-00007977-00008164 raised public has signified the earlier
+N19GprRo_aI-00037-00008165-00008507 partial form of democracy as found in
+N19GprRo_aI-00038-00008508-00009046 Rome from C 500 BC until C 27 BC in this
+N19GprRo_aI-00039-00009047-00009284 early Roman partial democracy the power
+N19GprRo_aI-00040-00009285-00009478 of the aristocratic or patrician class
+N19GprRo_aI-00041-00009479-00009698 who held all of the seats in the Roman
+N19GprRo_aI-00042-00009699-00009896 Senate was checked by the institution of
+N19GprRo_aI-00043-00009897-00010096 the consulship whose - consul vice
+N19GprRo_aI-00044-00010097-00010303 rulers were elected annually by the free
+N19GprRo_aI-00045-00010304-00010606 citizens or plebs of Rome the ancient
+N19GprRo_aI-00046-00010607-00010796 Roman definition of the word differs
+N19GprRo_aI-00047-00010797-00010988 from the modern use of the term where no
+N19GprRo_aI-00048-00010989-00011144 leadership positions are held to be
+N19GprRo_aI-00049-00011145-00011474 restricted to only the ruling class most
+N19GprRo_aI-00050-00011475-00011681 often a republic is a single sovereign
+N19GprRo_aI-00051-00011682-00011885 state but there are also sub sovereign
+N19GprRo_aI-00052-00011886-00012062 state entities that are referred to as
+N19GprRo_aI-00053-00012063-00012242 Republic's or that have governments that
+N19GprRo_aI-00054-00012243-00012553 are described as Republican in nature
+N19GprRo_aI-00055-00012554-00012796 for instance article 4 of the United
+N19GprRo_aI-00056-00012797-00013091 States Constitution guarantee s to every
+N19GprRo_aI-00057-00013091-00013333 state in this Union the republican form
+N19GprRo_aI-00058-00013334-00013477 of government
+N19GprRo_aI-00059-00013478-00013762 in contrast the former Soviet Union
+N19GprRo_aI-00060-00013763-00013963 which described itself as being a group
+N19GprRo_aI-00061-00013963-00014296 of Republic's and also is a federal
+N19GprRo_aI-00062-00014297-00014554 multinational state composed of fifteen
+N19GprRo_aI-00063-00014555-00014838 Republic's was widely viewed as being an
+N19GprRo_aI-00064-00014840-00015043 authoritarian form of government and not
+N19GprRo_aI-00065-00015044-00015247 as a Republican form of government it
+N19GprRo_aI-00066-00015247-00015481 was seen as authoritarian as its
+N19GprRo_aI-00067-00015482-00015682 electoral system was structured so as to
+N19GprRo_aI-00068-00015683-00015871 automatically guarantee the election of
+N19GprRo_aI-00069-00015872-00016328 government sponsored candidates
+N19GprRo_aI-00070-00016329-00016857 topic etymology
+N19GprRo_aI-00071-00016858-00017211 topic the term originates as the Latin
+N19GprRo_aI-00072-00017212-00017420 translation of Greek word politeia
+N19GprRo_aI-00073-00017421-00017649 cicero among other Latin writers
+N19GprRo_aI-00074-00017650-00017913 translated politeia as race publica and
+N19GprRo_aI-00075-00017914-00018096 it was in turn translated by Renaissance
+N19GprRo_aI-00076-00018097-00018459 scholars as Republic or similar terms in
+N19GprRo_aI-00077-00018460-00018690 various Western European languages the
+N19GprRo_aI-00078-00018691-00018915 term politeia can be translated as form
+N19GprRo_aI-00079-00018916-00019128 of government polity or regime and is
+N19GprRo_aI-00080-00019129-00019290 therefore not always a word for a
+N19GprRo_aI-00081-00019291-00019488 specific type of regime as the modern
+N19GprRo_aI-00082-00019489-00019770 word Republic is one of Plato's major
+N19GprRo_aI-00083-00019771-00019986 works on political science was titled
+N19GprRo_aI-00084-00019987-00020202 politeia and in English it is thus known
+N19GprRo_aI-00085-00020203-00020490 as the Republic however apart from the
+N19GprRo_aI-00086-00020491-00020685 title in modern translations of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00087-00020686-00020898 Republic alternative translations of
+N19GprRo_aI-00088-00020899-00021048 politeia are also used
+N19GprRo_aI-00089-00021049-00021246 however in book three of his politics
+N19GprRo_aI-00090-00021247-00021543 1279 aristotle was apparently the first
+N19GprRo_aI-00091-00021544-00021738 classical writer to state that the term
+N19GprRo_aI-00092-00021739-00021915 politeia can be used to refer more
+N19GprRo_aI-00093-00021916-00022107 specifically to one type of politeia
+N19GprRo_aI-00094-00022108-00022362 when the citizens at large governed for
+N19GprRo_aI-00095-00022363-00022557 the public good it is called by the name
+N19GprRo_aI-00096-00022558-00022800 common to all governments to coin an ax
+N19GprRo_aI-00097-00022801-00023028 Noma Payson ton polite e'en government
+N19GprRo_aI-00098-00023029-00023412 politeia also amongst classical Latin
+N19GprRo_aI-00099-00023413-00023700 the term Republic can be used in a
+N19GprRo_aI-00100-00023701-00023925 general way to refer to any regime or in
+N19GprRo_aI-00101-00023926-00024129 a specific way to refer to governments
+N19GprRo_aI-00102-00024130-00024264 which work for the public good
+N19GprRo_aI-00103-00024265-00024474 in medieval northern Italy a number of
+N19GprRo_aI-00104-00024475-00024675 city states had commune or Signoria
+N19GprRo_aI-00105-00024676-00024918 based governments in the late Middle
+N19GprRo_aI-00106-00024919-00025143 Ages writers such as Giovanni Villani
+N19GprRo_aI-00107-00025144-00025332 began writing about the nature of these
+N19GprRo_aI-00108-00025333-00025488 states and the differences from other
+N19GprRo_aI-00109-00025489-00025761 types of regime they used terms such as
+N19GprRo_aI-00110-00025762-00025986 Libertas Populi a free people to
+N19GprRo_aI-00111-00025987-00026264 describe the states the terminology
+N19GprRo_aI-00112-00026266-00026451 changed in the fifteenth century as the
+N19GprRo_aI-00113-00026452-00026610 renewed interest in the writings of
+N19GprRo_aI-00114-00026611-00026805 ancient Rome caused writers to prefer
+N19GprRo_aI-00115-00026806-00027065 using classical terminology to describe
+N19GprRo_aI-00116-00027066-00027308 non monarchical States writers most
+N19GprRo_aI-00117-00027310-00027549 importantly Leonardo Bruni adopted the
+N19GprRo_aI-00118-00027550-00027768 Latin phrase Reis Publica while Bruni
+N19GprRo_aI-00119-00027769-00027939 and Machiavelli used the term to
+N19GprRo_aI-00120-00027939-00028115 describe the states of northern Italy
+N19GprRo_aI-00121-00028116-00028314 which were not monarchies the term race
+N19GprRo_aI-00122-00028314-00028490 pública has a set of interrelated
+N19GprRo_aI-00123-00028491-00028752 meanings in the original Latin the term
+N19GprRo_aI-00124-00028752-00028947 can quite literally be translated as
+N19GprRo_aI-00125-00028948-00029283 public matter it was most often used by
+N19GprRo_aI-00126-00029283-00029483 Roman writers to refer to the state in
+N19GprRo_aI-00127-00029485-00029664 government even during the period of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00128-00029664-00029919 Roman Empire in subsequent centuries the
+N19GprRo_aI-00129-00029920-00030195 English word Commonwealth came to be
+N19GprRo_aI-00130-00030195-00030249 used as
+N19GprRo_aI-00131-00030250-00030470 translation of race publica and its use
+N19GprRo_aI-00132-00030472-00030639 in English was comparable to how the
+N19GprRo_aI-00133-00030639-00030839 Romans used the term race pública
+N19GprRo_aI-00134-00030839-00031068 notably during the Protectorate of
+N19GprRo_aI-00135-00031069-00031263 Oliver Cromwell the word Commonwealth
+N19GprRo_aI-00136-00031264-00031449 was the most common term to call the new
+N19GprRo_aI-00137-00031450-00031656 monarch estate but the word Republic was
+N19GprRo_aI-00138-00031657-00031805 also in common use
+N19GprRo_aI-00139-00031806-00032045 likewise in Polish the term was
+N19GprRo_aI-00140-00032047-00032223 translated as rich abyss pallida
+N19GprRo_aI-00141-00032224-00032397 although the translation is now only
+N19GprRo_aI-00142-00032398-00032697 used with respect to Poland presently
+N19GprRo_aI-00143-00032698-00033000 the term Republic commonly means a
+N19GprRo_aI-00144-00033001-00033189 system of government which derives its
+N19GprRo_aI-00145-00033190-00033357 power from the people rather than from
+N19GprRo_aI-00146-00033358-00033597 another basis such as heredity or divine
+N19GprRo_aI-00147-00033598-00034023 right
+N19GprRo_aI-00148-00034024-00034440 history
+N19GprRo_aI-00149-00034441-00034743 topic while the philosophical
+N19GprRo_aI-00150-00034744-00034938 terminology developed in classical
+N19GprRo_aI-00151-00034939-00035133 Greece and Rome as already noted by
+N19GprRo_aI-00152-00035134-00035313 Aristotle there was already a long
+N19GprRo_aI-00153-00035314-00035493 history of city-states with a wide
+N19GprRo_aI-00154-00035494-00035727 variety of constitutions not only in
+N19GprRo_aI-00155-00035728-00036015 Greece but also in the Middle East after
+N19GprRo_aI-00156-00036016-00036198 the Classical period during the Middle
+N19GprRo_aI-00157-00036199-00036423 Ages many free cities developed again
+N19GprRo_aI-00158-00036424-00036857 such as Venice
+N19GprRo_aI-00159-00036858-00037344 topic classical republics
+N19GprRo_aI-00160-00037345-00037815 topic the modern type of Republic itself
+N19GprRo_aI-00161-00037816-00037983 is different from any type of state
+N19GprRo_aI-00162-00037984-00038129 found in the classical world
+N19GprRo_aI-00163-00038130-00038349 nevertheless there are a number of
+N19GprRo_aI-00164-00038350-00038532 states of the classical era that are
+N19GprRo_aI-00165-00038533-00038781 today still called Republic's this
+N19GprRo_aI-00166-00038782-00038979 includes ancient Athens in the Roman
+N19GprRo_aI-00167-00038980-00039171 Republic while the structure and
+N19GprRo_aI-00168-00039172-00039336 governance of these states was very
+N19GprRo_aI-00169-00039337-00039477 different from that of any modern
+N19GprRo_aI-00170-00039478-00039657 Republic there is debate about the
+N19GprRo_aI-00171-00039658-00039867 extent to which classical medieval and
+N19GprRo_aI-00172-00039868-00040071 modern Republic's form a historical
+N19GprRo_aI-00173-00040072-00040413 continuum JGA pocock has argued that a
+N19GprRo_aI-00174-00040414-00040626 distinct Republican tradition stretches
+N19GprRo_aI-00175-00040627-00040806 from the classical world to the present
+N19GprRo_aI-00176-00040807-00041139 other scholars disagree Paul ray he for
+N19GprRo_aI-00177-00041140-00041319 instance argues that the classical
+N19GprRo_aI-00178-00041320-00041508 Republic's had a form of government with
+N19GprRo_aI-00179-00041509-00041721 few links to those in any modern country
+N19GprRo_aI-00180-00041722-00041883 the political philosophy of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00181-00041884-00042099 classical Republic's has in any case had
+N19GprRo_aI-00182-00042100-00042264 an influence on Republican thought
+N19GprRo_aI-00183-00042265-00042482 throughout the subsequent centuries
+N19GprRo_aI-00184-00042483-00042738 philosophers and politicians advocating
+N19GprRo_aI-00185-00042739-00042908 Republic's such as Machiavelli
+N19GprRo_aI-00186-00042909-00043185 Montesquieu Adams and Madison relied
+N19GprRo_aI-00187-00043186-00043371 heavily on classical Greek and Roman
+N19GprRo_aI-00188-00043372-00043611 sources which described various types of
+N19GprRo_aI-00189-00043612-00044025 regimes aristotle s politics discusses
+N19GprRo_aI-00190-00044026-00044292 various forms of government one form
+N19GprRo_aI-00191-00044293-00044574 aristotle named politeia which consisted
+N19GprRo_aI-00192-00044575-00044853 of a mixture of the other forms he
+N19GprRo_aI-00193-00044854-00045051 argued that this was one of the ideal
+N19GprRo_aI-00194-00045052-00045185 forms of government
+N19GprRo_aI-00195-00045186-00045516 Polybius expanded on many of these ideas
+N19GprRo_aI-00196-00045517-00045759 again focusing on the idea of mixed
+N19GprRo_aI-00197-00045760-00046059 government the most important Roman work
+N19GprRo_aI-00198-00046060-00046350 in this tradition as Cicero s de
+N19GprRo_aI-00199-00046351-00046701 república over time the classical
+N19GprRo_aI-00200-00046702-00046851 Republic's were either conquered by
+N19GprRo_aI-00201-00046852-00047157 empires or became ones themselves most
+N19GprRo_aI-00202-00047158-00047343 of the Greek Republic's were annexed to
+N19GprRo_aI-00203-00047344-00047579 the Macedonian Empire of Alexander the
+N19GprRo_aI-00204-00047580-00047856 Roman Republic expanded dramatically
+N19GprRo_aI-00205-00047857-00048009 conquering the other states of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00206-00048010-00048177 Mediterranean that could be considered
+N19GprRo_aI-00207-00048178-00048480 Republic's such as Carthage the Roman
+N19GprRo_aI-00208-00048481-00048681 Republic itself then became the Roman
+N19GprRo_aI-00209-00048682-00049009 Empire
+N19GprRo_aI-00210-00049010-00049565 topic other ancient republics
+N19GprRo_aI-00211-00049566-00050036 topic the term Republic is not commonly
+N19GprRo_aI-00212-00050037-00050205 used to refer to pre-classical
+N19GprRo_aI-00213-00050206-00050451 city-states especially if outside Europe
+N19GprRo_aI-00214-00050452-00050621 and the area which was under greco-roman
+N19GprRo_aI-00215-00050622-00050918 influence however some early states
+N19GprRo_aI-00216-00050919-00051101 outside Europe had governments that are
+N19GprRo_aI-00217-00051102-00051305 sometimes today considered similar to
+N19GprRo_aI-00218-00051307-00051602 Republic's in the ancient Near East a
+N19GprRo_aI-00219-00051603-00051750 number of cities of the eastern
+N19GprRo_aI-00220-00051751-00051936 Mediterranean achieved collective rule
+N19GprRo_aI-00221-00051937-00052200 our WOD has been cited as one of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00222-00052201-00052415 earliest known examples of a Republic in
+N19GprRo_aI-00223-00052416-00052601 which the people rather than a monarch
+N19GprRo_aI-00224-00052602-00052875 are described as sovereign the Israelite
+N19GprRo_aI-00225-00052876-00053051 Confederation of the era before the
+N19GprRo_aI-00226-00053052-00053255 United Monarchy has also been considered
+N19GprRo_aI-00227-00053257-00053582 a type of Republic in Africa the Aqsa
+N19GprRo_aI-00228-00053583-00053801 Empire was organized as a confederation
+N19GprRo_aI-00229-00053802-00054053 ruled similarly to a royal Republic
+N19GprRo_aI-00230-00054054-00054317 similarly the Igbo nation of what is now
+N19GprRo_aI-00231-00054319-00054714 Nigeria
+N19GprRo_aI-00232-00054715-00055199 topic indian subcontinent
+N19GprRo_aI-00233-00055200-00055511 topic the ancient Indian subcontinent
+N19GprRo_aI-00234-00055512-00055738 had a number of early Republic's among
+N19GprRo_aI-00235-00055739-00056005 mahajanapadas early Republican
+N19GprRo_aI-00236-00056006-00056216 institutions comes from the independent
+N19GprRo_aI-00237-00056216-00056540 republics of India sanga's and ganas
+N19GprRo_aI-00238-00056541-00056725 which existed as early as the 6th
+N19GprRo_aI-00239-00056726-00056974 century BC and persisted in some areas
+N19GprRo_aI-00240-00056975-00057248 until the 4th century the evidence for
+N19GprRo_aI-00241-00057249-00057451 this is scattered however and no pure
+N19GprRo_aI-00242-00057452-00057649 historical source exists for that period
+N19GprRo_aI-00243-00057650-00058012 in addition Diodorus a greek historian
+N19GprRo_aI-00244-00058013-00058219 who wrote two centuries after the time
+N19GprRo_aI-00245-00058220-00058411 of Alexander the Great's invasion of
+N19GprRo_aI-00246-00058412-00058636 India mentions without offering any
+N19GprRo_aI-00247-00058637-00058811 detail that independent and democratic
+N19GprRo_aI-00248-00058812-00059155 states existed in India modern scholars
+N19GprRo_aI-00249-00059156-00059350 note the word democracy at the time of
+N19GprRo_aI-00250-00059351-00059575 the 3rd century BC and later suffered
+N19GprRo_aI-00251-00059576-00059741 from degradation and could mean any
+N19GprRo_aI-00252-00059741-00059911 autonomous state no matter how
+N19GprRo_aI-00253-00059912-00060254 oligarchic in nature key characteristics
+N19GprRo_aI-00254-00060254-00060440 of the gana seem to include a monarch
+N19GprRo_aI-00255-00060441-00060649 usually known by the name Raja and a
+N19GprRo_aI-00256-00060650-00060916 deliberative assembly the assembly met
+N19GprRo_aI-00257-00060917-00061156 regularly it discussed all major state
+N19GprRo_aI-00258-00061157-00061385 decisions at least in some states
+N19GprRo_aI-00259-00061386-00061681 attendance was open to all freemen this
+N19GprRo_aI-00260-00061682-00061854 body also had full financial
+N19GprRo_aI-00261-00061855-00062092 administrative and judicial authority
+N19GprRo_aI-00262-00062093-00062372 other officers who rarely receive any
+N19GprRo_aI-00263-00062373-00062551 mention obeyed the decisions of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00264-00062552-00062851 assembly elected by the gana the monarch
+N19GprRo_aI-00265-00062852-00063061 apparently always belonged to a family
+N19GprRo_aI-00266-00063062-00063272 of the noble class of Cascia tria Varna
+N19GprRo_aI-00267-00063273-00063541 the monarch coordinated his activities
+N19GprRo_aI-00268-00063542-00063763 with the assembly in some states he did
+N19GprRo_aI-00269-00063764-00064012 so with a Council of other Nobles the
+N19GprRo_aI-00270-00064013-00064204 Lich Chavous had a primary governing
+N19GprRo_aI-00271-00064205-00064555 body of 7077 Rajas the heads of the most
+N19GprRo_aI-00272-00064556-00064841 important families on the other hand the
+N19GprRo_aI-00273-00064841-00065090 shakyas coleus mullahs and lich avis
+N19GprRo_aI-00274-00065091-00065293 during the period around Gautama Buddha
+N19GprRo_aI-00275-00065294-00065500 had the assembly open to all men rich
+N19GprRo_aI-00276-00065501-00065936 and poor early Republic's Organa Sangha
+N19GprRo_aI-00277-00065937-00066140 such as mullahs centered in the city of
+N19GprRo_aI-00278-00066141-00066365 casino Gaara and the bhaji or Vrije
+N19GprRo_aI-00279-00066366-00066574 confederation centered in the city of
+N19GprRo_aI-00280-00066575-00066799 Vaishali existed as early as the 6th
+N19GprRo_aI-00281-00066800-00067061 century BCE and persisted in some areas
+N19GprRo_aI-00282-00067062-00067342 until the 4th century CE II the most
+N19GprRo_aI-00283-00067343-00067501 famous clan amongst the ruling
+N19GprRo_aI-00284-00067502-00067661 Confederate clans of the bhaji
+N19GprRo_aI-00285-00067662-00067934 mahajanapadas or the lich Chavous the
+N19GprRo_aI-00286-00067935-00068137 Magatha kingdom included republican
+N19GprRo_aI-00287-00068138-00068312 communities such as the community of
+N19GprRo_aI-00288-00068313-00068573 raja kumara villages had their own
+N19GprRo_aI-00289-00068574-00068729 assemblies under their local Chiefs
+N19GprRo_aI-00290-00068730-00068972 called dramatis their administrations
+N19GprRo_aI-00291-00068973-00069206 were divided into executive judicial and
+N19GprRo_aI-00292-00069207-00069536 military functions scholars differ over
+N19GprRo_aI-00293-00069537-00069731 how best to describe these governments
+N19GprRo_aI-00294-00069732-00069920 and the vague sporadic quality of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00295-00069921-00070117 evidence allows for wide disagreements
+N19GprRo_aI-00296-00070118-00070376 some emphasize the central role of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00297-00070377-00070529 assemblies and thus tell them as
+N19GprRo_aI-00298-00070530-00070757 democracies other scholars focus on the
+N19GprRo_aI-00299-00070758-00070952 upper-class domination of the leadership
+N19GprRo_aI-00300-00070953-00071162 and possible control of the assembly and
+N19GprRo_aI-00301-00071163-00071392 see an oligarchy or an aristocracy
+N19GprRo_aI-00302-00071393-00071669 despite the Assembly's obvious power it
+N19GprRo_aI-00303-00071670-00071852 has not yet been established whether the
+N19GprRo_aI-00304-00071853-00072080 composition and participation were truly
+N19GprRo_aI-00305-00072081-00072359 popular the first main obstacle is the
+N19GprRo_aI-00306-00072360-00072572 lack of evidence describing the popular
+N19GprRo_aI-00307-00072573-00072851 power of the assembly this is reflected
+N19GprRo_aI-00308-00072852-00073058 in the arthashastra an ancient handbook
+N19GprRo_aI-00309-00073059-00073247 for monarchs on how to rule efficiently
+N19GprRo_aI-00310-00073248-00073502 it contains a chapter on how to deal
+N19GprRo_aI-00311-00073503-00073649 with the Tsongas which includes
+N19GprRo_aI-00312-00073650-00073850 injunctions on manipulating the noble
+N19GprRo_aI-00313-00073851-00074018 leaders yet it does not mention how to
+N19GprRo_aI-00314-00074019-00074215 influence the mass of the citizens a
+N19GprRo_aI-00315-00074216-00074483 surprising omission if democratic bodies
+N19GprRo_aI-00316-00074484-00074723 not the aristocratic families actively
+N19GprRo_aI-00317-00074724-00074896 controlled the Republican governments
+N19GprRo_aI-00318-00074897-00075149 another issue is the persistence of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00319-00075150-00075416 four tiered Varna class system the
+N19GprRo_aI-00320-00075417-00075605 duties and privileges on the members of
+N19GprRo_aI-00321-00075606-00075869 each particular caste rigid enough to
+N19GprRo_aI-00322-00075870-00076043 prohibit someone sharing a meal with
+N19GprRo_aI-00323-00076044-00076247 those of another order might have
+N19GprRo_aI-00324-00076248-00076451 affected the rolls members were expected
+N19GprRo_aI-00325-00076452-00076619 to play in the state regardless of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00326-00076620-00076910 formality of the institutions a central
+N19GprRo_aI-00327-00076911-00077099 tenet of democracy is the notion of
+N19GprRo_aI-00328-00077100-00077396 shared decision-making power the absence
+N19GprRo_aI-00329-00077397-00077582 of any concrete notion of citizen
+N19GprRo_aI-00330-00077583-00077780 equality across these caste system
+N19GprRo_aI-00331-00077781-00077984 boundaries leads many scholars to claim
+N19GprRo_aI-00332-00077985-00078146 that the true nature of ganas and
+N19GprRo_aI-00333-00078147-00078335 sanga's is not comparable to truly
+N19GprRo_aI-00334-00078336-00078757 democratic institutions
+N19GprRo_aI-00335-00078758-00079307 topic Icelandic Commonwealth
+N19GprRo_aI-00336-00079308-00079643 topic the Icelandic Commonwealth was
+N19GprRo_aI-00337-00079644-00079958 established in AD 930 by refugees from
+N19GprRo_aI-00338-00079959-00080153 Norway who had fled the unification of
+N19GprRo_aI-00339-00080154-00080338 that country under king harald fairhair
+N19GprRo_aI-00340-00080339-00080612 the commonwealth consisted of a number
+N19GprRo_aI-00341-00080613-00080801 of clans run by chieftains and the
+N19GprRo_aI-00342-00080802-00080999 alting was a combination of parliament
+N19GprRo_aI-00343-00081000-00081158 and supreme court where disputes
+N19GprRo_aI-00344-00081159-00081350 appealed from lower courts were settled
+N19GprRo_aI-00345-00081351-00081551 laws were decided and decisions of
+N19GprRo_aI-00346-00081552-00081827 national importance were taken one such
+N19GprRo_aI-00347-00081828-00082019 example was the Christianization of
+N19GprRo_aI-00348-00082020-00082268 Iceland in 1000 where the alting decreed
+N19GprRo_aI-00349-00082269-00082481 in order to prevent an invasion that all
+N19GprRo_aI-00350-00082482-00082706 ice lenders must be baptised and forbade
+N19GprRo_aI-00351-00082707-00083042 celebration of pagan rituals contrary to
+N19GprRo_aI-00352-00083043-00083216 most states the Icelandic Commonwealth
+N19GprRo_aI-00353-00083217-00083582 had no official leader in the early 13th
+N19GprRo_aI-00354-00083583-00083786 century the age of the sterlings the
+N19GprRo_aI-00355-00083787-00083969 Commonwealth began to suffer from long
+N19GprRo_aI-00356-00083970-00084242 conflicts between warring clans this
+N19GprRo_aI-00357-00084243-00084389 combined with pressure from the
+N19GprRo_aI-00358-00084390-00084584 Norwegian King Haakon the fourth for the
+N19GprRo_aI-00359-00084585-00084767 ice lenders to rejoin the Norwegian
+N19GprRo_aI-00360-00084768-00085067 family led the Icelandic chieftains to
+N19GprRo_aI-00361-00085068-00085244 accept Hakan the fourth as king by the
+N19GprRo_aI-00362-00085245-00085454 signing of the GAM lease at molly old
+N19GprRo_aI-00363-00085455-00085817 covenant in 1262 this effectively
+N19GprRo_aI-00364-00085818-00086015 brought the commonwealth to an end the
+N19GprRo_aI-00365-00086016-00086213 alting however is still Iceland's
+N19GprRo_aI-00366-00086214-00086704 Parliament almost 800 years later
+N19GprRo_aI-00367-00086705-00087261 topic mercantile republics
+N19GprRo_aI-00368-00087262-00087624 topic in Europe New Republic's appeared
+N19GprRo_aI-00369-00087625-00087816 in the late Middle Ages when a number of
+N19GprRo_aI-00370-00087817-00088038 small states embraced Republican systems
+N19GprRo_aI-00371-00088039-00088290 of government these were generally small
+N19GprRo_aI-00372-00088291-00088485 but wealthy trading states like the
+N19GprRo_aI-00373-00088486-00088671 Italian city-states and the Hanseatic
+N19GprRo_aI-00374-00088672-00088884 League in which the merchant class had
+N19GprRo_aI-00375-00088885-00089172 risen to prominence canoed hakonsen has
+N19GprRo_aI-00376-00089173-00089373 noted that by the Renaissance Europe was
+N19GprRo_aI-00377-00089374-00089556 divided with those states controlled by
+N19GprRo_aI-00378-00089557-00089766 landed elite being monarchies and those
+N19GprRo_aI-00379-00089767-00089949 controlled by a commercial elite being
+N19GprRo_aI-00380-00089950-00090144 republics across Europe the wealthy
+N19GprRo_aI-00381-00090145-00090297 merchant class developed in the
+N19GprRo_aI-00382-00090298-00090555 important trading cities despite their
+N19GprRo_aI-00383-00090556-00090711 wealth they had little power in the
+N19GprRo_aI-00384-00090712-00090897 feudal system dominated by the rural
+N19GprRo_aI-00385-00090898-00091116 landowners and across Europe began to
+N19GprRo_aI-00386-00091117-00091293 advocate for their own privileges and
+N19GprRo_aI-00387-00091294-00091596 powers the more centralized states such
+N19GprRo_aI-00388-00091597-00091776 as France and England granted limited
+N19GprRo_aI-00389-00091777-00092073 City charters in the more loosely
+N19GprRo_aI-00390-00092074-00092319 governed Holy Roman Empire 51 of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00391-00092320-00092502 largest towns became free Imperial
+N19GprRo_aI-00392-00092503-00092784 cities while still under the Dominion of
+N19GprRo_aI-00393-00092785-00092985 the Holy Roman Emperor most power was
+N19GprRo_aI-00394-00092986-00093219 held locally and many adopted Republican
+N19GprRo_aI-00395-00093220-00093477 forms of government the same rights to
+N19GprRo_aI-00396-00093478-00093678 Imperial immediacy were secured by the
+N19GprRo_aI-00397-00093679-00093951 major trading cities of Switzerland the
+N19GprRo_aI-00398-00093952-00094179 towns and villages of Alpine Switzerland
+N19GprRo_aI-00399-00094180-00094401 had courtesy of geography also been
+N19GprRo_aI-00400-00094402-00094619 largely excluded from central control
+N19GprRo_aI-00401-00094620-00094884 unlike Italy and Germany much of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00402-00094885-00095076 rural area was thus not controlled by
+N19GprRo_aI-00403-00095077-00095313 feudal barons but by independent farmers
+N19GprRo_aI-00404-00095314-00095487 who also used communal forms of
+N19GprRo_aI-00405-00095488-00095736 government when the Hapsburgs tried to
+N19GprRo_aI-00406-00095737-00095916 reassert control over the region both
+N19GprRo_aI-00407-00095917-00096126 rural farmers and town merchants joined
+N19GprRo_aI-00408-00096127-00096360 the rebellion the Swiss were victorious
+N19GprRo_aI-00409-00096361-00096600 and the Swiss Confederacy was proclaimed
+N19GprRo_aI-00410-00096601-00096765 and Switzerland has retained a
+N19GprRo_aI-00411-00096766-00096942 Republican form of government to the
+N19GprRo_aI-00412-00096943-00097122 present Italy was the most densely
+N19GprRo_aI-00413-00097123-00097356 populated area of Europe and also one
+N19GprRo_aI-00414-00097357-00097605 with the weakest central government many
+N19GprRo_aI-00415-00097606-00097766 of the towns thus gained considerable
+N19GprRo_aI-00416-00097767-00098010 independence and adopted commune forms
+N19GprRo_aI-00417-00098011-00098280 of government completely free of feudal
+N19GprRo_aI-00418-00098281-00098550 control the Italian city-states expanded
+N19GprRo_aI-00419-00098551-00098736 gaining control of the rural hinterland
+N19GprRo_aI-00420-00098737-00099009 the two most powerful were the republic
+N19GprRo_aI-00421-00099010-00099201 of venice and its rival the republic of
+N19GprRo_aI-00422-00099202-00099498 genoa each were large trading ports and
+N19GprRo_aI-00423-00099499-00099735 further expanded by using naval power to
+N19GprRo_aI-00424-00099736-00099936 control large parts of the mediterranean
+N19GprRo_aI-00425-00099937-00100200 it was in Italy that an ideology
+N19GprRo_aI-00426-00100201-00100359 advocating for Republic's first
+N19GprRo_aI-00427-00100360-00100611 developed writers such as birth
+N19GprRo_aI-00428-00100612-00100887 you of Lucca Brunetto Latini Mar Silius
+N19GprRo_aI-00429-00100888-00101109 of Padua and Leonardo Bruni saw the
+N19GprRo_aI-00430-00101110-00101295 medieval city-states his heirs to the
+N19GprRo_aI-00431-00101296-00101601 legacy of Greece and Rome two Russian
+N19GprRo_aI-00432-00101602-00101782 cities with powerful merchant class
+N19GprRo_aI-00433-00101783-00102144 Novgorod and P Skov also adopted
+N19GprRo_aI-00434-00102145-00102363 Republican forms of government in 12th
+N19GprRo_aI-00435-00102364-00102588 and 13th centuries respectively which
+N19GprRo_aI-00436-00102589-00102765 ended when the Republic's were conquered
+N19GprRo_aI-00437-00102766-00102968 by Muscovy Russia at the end 15th
+N19GprRo_aI-00438-00102969-00103208 beginning of 16th century the dominant
+N19GprRo_aI-00439-00103209-00103343 form of government for these early
+N19GprRo_aI-00440-00103344-00103521 Republic's was controlled by a limited
+N19GprRo_aI-00441-00103522-00103791 Council of elite patricians in those
+N19GprRo_aI-00442-00103792-00103998 areas that held elections property
+N19GprRo_aI-00443-00103999-00104175 qualifications are guild membership
+N19GprRo_aI-00444-00104176-00104354 limited both who could vote and who
+N19GprRo_aI-00445-00104355-00104625 could run in many states no direct
+N19GprRo_aI-00446-00104626-00104823 elections were held in council members
+N19GprRo_aI-00447-00104824-00105008 were hereditary or appointed by the
+N19GprRo_aI-00448-00105009-00105276 existing council this left the great
+N19GprRo_aI-00449-00105277-00105441 majority of the population without
+N19GprRo_aI-00450-00105442-00105693 political power and riots and revolts by
+N19GprRo_aI-00451-00105694-00105941 the lower classes were common the late
+N19GprRo_aI-00452-00105942-00106160 Middle Ages saw more than 200 such
+N19GprRo_aI-00453-00106161-00106350 risings in the towns of the Holy Roman
+N19GprRo_aI-00454-00106351-00106665 Empire similar revolts occurred in Italy
+N19GprRo_aI-00455-00106666-00107139 notably the Chompy revolt in Florence
+N19GprRo_aI-00456-00107140-00107427 topic mercantile Republic's outside
+N19GprRo_aI-00457-00107428-00107744 Europe
+N19GprRo_aI-00458-00107745-00108053 topic following the collapse of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00459-00108054-00108278 seljuk sultanate of rûm an establishment
+N19GprRo_aI-00460-00108279-00108484 of the Turkish and Italian Ballack's via
+N19GprRo_aI-00461-00108485-00108629 healer Merchants fraternities
+N19GprRo_aI-00462-00108630-00108833 established a state centered on Ankara
+N19GprRo_aI-00463-00108833-00108992 that is sometimes compared to the
+N19GprRo_aI-00464-00108993-00109501 Italian mercantile republics
+N19GprRo_aI-00465-00109502-00109979 topic calvinist republics
+N19GprRo_aI-00466-00109980-00110319 topic while the classical writers had
+N19GprRo_aI-00467-00110320-00110537 been the primary ideological source for
+N19GprRo_aI-00468-00110538-00110711 the republics of Italy in Northern
+N19GprRo_aI-00469-00110712-00110900 Europe the Protestant Reformation would
+N19GprRo_aI-00470-00110901-00111053 be used as justification for
+N19GprRo_aI-00471-00111054-00111311 establishing new Republic's most
+N19GprRo_aI-00472-00111312-00111524 important was Calvinist theology which
+N19GprRo_aI-00473-00111525-00111725 developed in the Swiss Confederacy one
+N19GprRo_aI-00474-00111726-00111906 of the largest and most powerful of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00475-00111907-00112206 medieval republics John Calvin did not
+N19GprRo_aI-00476-00112207-00112409 call for the abolition of monarchy but
+N19GprRo_aI-00477-00112410-00112553 he advanced the doctrine that the
+N19GprRo_aI-00478-00112554-00112727 faithful had the duty to overthrow
+N19GprRo_aI-00479-00112728-00113003 irreligious monarchs advocacy for
+N19GprRo_aI-00480-00113004-00113181 Republic's appeared in the writings of
+N19GprRo_aI-00481-00113182-00113357 the Huguenots during the French Wars of
+N19GprRo_aI-00482-00113358-00113579 Religion Calvinism played an important
+N19GprRo_aI-00483-00113580-00113747 role in the Republican revolts in
+N19GprRo_aI-00484-00113748-00113978 England and the Netherlands like the
+N19GprRo_aI-00485-00113979-00114158 city-states of Italy and the Hanseatic
+N19GprRo_aI-00486-00114159-00114357 League both were important trading
+N19GprRo_aI-00487-00114358-00114533 centers with a large merchant class
+N19GprRo_aI-00488-00114534-00114701 prospering from the trade with the new
+N19GprRo_aI-00489-00114702-00114986 world large parts of the population of
+N19GprRo_aI-00490-00114987-00115199 both areas also embraced Calvinism
+N19GprRo_aI-00491-00115200-00115414 during the Dutch Revolt beginning in
+N19GprRo_aI-00492-00115415-00115688 1566 the Dutch Republic emerged from
+N19GprRo_aI-00493-00115689-00115882 rejection of Spanish Habsburg rule
+N19GprRo_aI-00494-00115883-00116153 however the country did not adopt the
+N19GprRo_aI-00495-00116154-00116268 Republican form of government
+N19GprRo_aI-00496-00116269-00116522 immediately in the formal declaration of
+N19GprRo_aI-00497-00116523-00116852 independence act of abjuration 1581 the
+N19GprRo_aI-00498-00116853-00117041 throne of King Philip was only declared
+N19GprRo_aI-00499-00117042-00117254 vacant and the Dutch magistrates asked
+N19GprRo_aI-00500-00117255-00117446 the Duke of Anjou Queen Elizabeth of
+N19GprRo_aI-00501-00117447-00117662 England and Prince William of Orange one
+N19GprRo_aI-00502-00117663-00117932 after another to replace Philip it took
+N19GprRo_aI-00503-00117933-00118178 until 1588 before the estates the
+N19GprRo_aI-00504-00118179-00118382 Statten the representative assembly at
+N19GprRo_aI-00505-00118383-00118581 the time decided to vest the sovereignty
+N19GprRo_aI-00506-00118582-00118976 of the country in themselves in 1641 the
+N19GprRo_aI-00507-00118977-00119232 English Civil War began spearheaded by
+N19GprRo_aI-00508-00119233-00119438 the Puritans and funded by the merchants
+N19GprRo_aI-00509-00119439-00119648 of London the revolt was a success and
+N19GprRo_aI-00510-00119649-00119870 King Charles the first was executed in
+N19GprRo_aI-00511-00119871-00120170 England James Harrington Algernon Sidney
+N19GprRo_aI-00512-00120171-00120381 and John Milton became some of the first
+N19GprRo_aI-00513-00120382-00120602 writers to argue for rejecting monarchy
+N19GprRo_aI-00514-00120603-00120779 and embracing a Republican form of
+N19GprRo_aI-00515-00120780-00121037 government the English Commonwealth was
+N19GprRo_aI-00516-00121038-00121206 short-lived and the monarchy soon
+N19GprRo_aI-00517-00121207-00121494 restored the Dutch Republic continued in
+N19GprRo_aI-00518-00121495-00121787 name until 1795 but by the mid 18th
+N19GprRo_aI-00519-00121788-00122003 century the stadtholder had become a de
+N19GprRo_aI-00520-00122004-00122309 facto monarch Calvinists were also some
+N19GprRo_aI-00521-00122310-00122483 of the earliest settlers of the British
+N19GprRo_aI-00522-00122484-00122947 and Dutch colonies of North America
+N19GprRo_aI-00523-00122948-00123484 topic liberal republics
+N19GprRo_aI-00524-00123485-00123784 topic along with these initial
+N19GprRo_aI-00525-00123785-00124007 Republican revolts early modern Europe
+N19GprRo_aI-00526-00124008-00124223 also saw a great increase in monarchical
+N19GprRo_aI-00527-00124224-00124469 power the era of absolute monarchy
+N19GprRo_aI-00528-00124470-00124702 replaced the limited and decentralized
+N19GprRo_aI-00529-00124703-00124919 monarchies that had existed in most of
+N19GprRo_aI-00530-00124920-00125207 the Middle Ages it also saw reaction
+N19GprRo_aI-00531-00125208-00125396 against the total control of the monarch
+N19GprRo_aI-00532-00125397-00125584 as a series of writers created the
+N19GprRo_aI-00533-00125585-00125908 ideology known as liberalism most of
+N19GprRo_aI-00534-00125909-00126068 these Enlightenment thinkers were far
+N19GprRo_aI-00535-00126069-00126218 more interested in ideas of
+N19GprRo_aI-00536-00126219-00126391 constitutional monarchy than in
+N19GprRo_aI-00537-00126392-00126652 Republic's the Cromwell regime had
+N19GprRo_aI-00538-00126653-00126848 discredited republicanism and most
+N19GprRo_aI-00539-00126849-00127039 thinkers felt that Republic's ended in
+N19GprRo_aI-00540-00127040-00127183 either anarchy or tyranny
+N19GprRo_aI-00541-00127184-00127465 thus philosophers like Voltaire opposed
+N19GprRo_aI-00542-00127466-00127687 absolutism while at the same time being
+N19GprRo_aI-00543-00127688-00128002 strongly Pro monarchy jean-jacques
+N19GprRo_aI-00544-00128003-00128161 Rousseau and Montesquieu praised
+N19GprRo_aI-00545-00128163-00128353 Republic's and looked on the city-states
+N19GprRo_aI-00546-00128354-00128641 of Greece as a model however both also
+N19GprRo_aI-00547-00128642-00128833 felt that a nation-state like France
+N19GprRo_aI-00548-00128834-00129008 with 20 million people would be
+N19GprRo_aI-00549-00129008-00129213 impossible to govern as a republic
+N19GprRo_aI-00550-00129214-00129443 Rousseau admired the Republican
+N19GprRo_aI-00551-00129444-00129865 experiment in Corsica 1755 to 1769 and
+N19GprRo_aI-00552-00129866-00130073 described his ideal political structure
+N19GprRo_aI-00553-00130074-00130290 of small self-governing communes
+N19GprRo_aI-00554-00130291-00130475 Montesquieu felt that a city-state
+N19GprRo_aI-00555-00130476-00130678 should ideally be a republic but
+N19GprRo_aI-00556-00130679-00130871 maintained that a Limited monarchy was
+N19GprRo_aI-00557-00130872-00131147 better suited to a large nation the
+N19GprRo_aI-00558-00131148-00131369 American Revolution began as a rejection
+N19GprRo_aI-00559-00131370-00131549 only of the authority of the British
+N19GprRo_aI-00560-00131550-00131737 Parliament over the colonies not of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00561-00131738-00131993 monarchy the failure of the British
+N19GprRo_aI-00562-00131994-00132178 monarch to protect the colonies from
+N19GprRo_aI-00563-00132179-00132340 what they considered the infringement of
+N19GprRo_aI-00564-00132341-00132478 their rights to representative
+N19GprRo_aI-00565-00132479-00132650 government the Monarchs branding of
+N19GprRo_aI-00566-00132651-00132845 those requesting redresses traders and
+N19GprRo_aI-00567-00132846-00133061 his support for sending combat troops to
+N19GprRo_aI-00568-00133062-00133240 demonstrate Authority resulted in
+N19GprRo_aI-00569-00133241-00133412 widespread perception of the British
+N19GprRo_aI-00570-00133413-00133726 monarchy as tyrannical with the United
+N19GprRo_aI-00571-00133727-00133925 States Declaration of Independence the
+N19GprRo_aI-00572-00133926-00134128 leaders of the revolt firmly rejected
+N19GprRo_aI-00573-00134129-00134324 the monarchy and embraced republicanism
+N19GprRo_aI-00574-00134325-00134578 the leaders of the revolution were well
+N19GprRo_aI-00575-00134579-00134732 versed in the writings of the French
+N19GprRo_aI-00576-00134733-00134953 liberal thinkers and also in history of
+N19GprRo_aI-00577-00134954-00135245 the classical Republic's John Adams had
+N19GprRo_aI-00578-00135246-00135425 notably written a book on Republic's
+N19GprRo_aI-00579-00135426-00135632 throughout history in addition the
+N19GprRo_aI-00580-00135633-00135841 widely distributed and popularly read
+N19GprRo_aI-00581-00135842-00136075 aloud tract common sense by Thomas Paine
+N19GprRo_aI-00582-00136076-00136301 succinctly and eloquently laid out the
+N19GprRo_aI-00583-00136302-00136475 case for Republican ideals and
+N19GprRo_aI-00584-00136476-00136733 independence to the larger public the
+N19GprRo_aI-00585-00136734-00136853 Constitution of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00586-00136854-00137186 United States ratified in 1789 created a
+N19GprRo_aI-00587-00137187-00137396 relatively strong Federal Republic to
+N19GprRo_aI-00588-00137397-00137522 replace the relatively weak
+N19GprRo_aI-00589-00137523-00137729 Confederation under the first attempt at
+N19GprRo_aI-00590-00137730-00137903 a national government with the Articles
+N19GprRo_aI-00591-00137904-00138110 of Confederation and perpetual union
+N19GprRo_aI-00592-00138111-00138431 ratified in 1781 the first ten
+N19GprRo_aI-00593-00138432-00138626 amendments to the Constitution called
+N19GprRo_aI-00594-00138627-00138803 the United States Bill of Rights
+N19GprRo_aI-00595-00138804-00138959 guaranteed certain natural rights
+N19GprRo_aI-00596-00138960-00139178 fundamental to Republican ideals that
+N19GprRo_aI-00597-00139179-00139439 justified the Revolution the French
+N19GprRo_aI-00598-00139440-00139670 Revolution was also not Republican at
+N19GprRo_aI-00599-00139671-00139892 its outset only after the flight to
+N19GprRo_aI-00600-00139893-00140069 Varennes removed most of the remaining
+N19GprRo_aI-00601-00140070-00140264 sympathy for the king was a republic
+N19GprRo_aI-00602-00140265-00140486 declared and louis xvi sent to the
+N19GprRo_aI-00603-00140487-00140714 guillotine the stunning success of
+N19GprRo_aI-00604-00140715-00140915 France in the French Revolutionary Wars
+N19GprRo_aI-00605-00140916-00141125 saw Republic's spread by force of arms
+N19GprRo_aI-00606-00141126-00141323 across much of Europe as a series of
+N19GprRo_aI-00607-00141324-00141533 client Republic's were set up across the
+N19GprRo_aI-00608-00141534-00141797 continent the rise of Napoleon saw the
+N19GprRo_aI-00609-00141798-00141998 end of the French first republic and her
+N19GprRo_aI-00610-00141999-00142196 sister republics each replaced by
+N19GprRo_aI-00611-00142197-00142490 popular monarchies throughout the
+N19GprRo_aI-00612-00142491-00142664 Napoleonic period the victors
+N19GprRo_aI-00613-00142665-00142817 extinguished many of the oldest
+N19GprRo_aI-00614-00142818-00142967 Republic's on the continent including
+N19GprRo_aI-00615-00142968-00143195 the Republic of Venice the Republic of
+N19GprRo_aI-00616-00143196-00143450 Genoa and the Dutch Republic they were
+N19GprRo_aI-00617-00143451-00143672 eventually transformed into monarchies
+N19GprRo_aI-00618-00143673-00143929 or absorbed into neighbouring monarchies
+N19GprRo_aI-00619-00143930-00144143 outside Europe another group of
+N19GprRo_aI-00620-00144144-00144374 Republic's was created as the Napoleonic
+N19GprRo_aI-00621-00144375-00144584 Wars allowed the states of Latin America
+N19GprRo_aI-00622-00144585-00144812 to gain their independence liberal
+N19GprRo_aI-00623-00144813-00145052 ideology had only a limited impact on
+N19GprRo_aI-00624-00145053-00145271 these new Republic's the main impetus
+N19GprRo_aI-00625-00145272-00145496 was the local European descended Creole
+N19GprRo_aI-00626-00145497-00145670 population in conflict with the
+N19GprRo_aI-00627-00145671-00145877 peninsulares governors sent from
+N19GprRo_aI-00628-00145878-00146162 overseas the majority of the population
+N19GprRo_aI-00629-00146163-00146375 in most of Latin America was of either
+N19GprRo_aI-00630-00146376-00146576 African or Amerindian descent and the
+N19GprRo_aI-00631-00146577-00146762 Creole elite had little interest in
+N19GprRo_aI-00632-00146763-00146903 giving these groups power and
+N19GprRo_aI-00633-00146904-00147094 broad-based popular sovereignty
+N19GprRo_aI-00634-00147095-00147386 Simone Bolivar both the main instigator
+N19GprRo_aI-00635-00147387-00147542 of the revolts and one of its most
+N19GprRo_aI-00636-00147543-00147752 important theorists was sympathetic to
+N19GprRo_aI-00637-00147753-00147944 liberal ideals but felt that Latin
+N19GprRo_aI-00638-00147945-00148145 America lacked the social cohesion for
+N19GprRo_aI-00639-00148146-00148352 such a system to function and advocated
+N19GprRo_aI-00640-00148353-00148697 autocracy as necessary in Mexico this
+N19GprRo_aI-00641-00148698-00148907 autocracy briefly took the form of a
+N19GprRo_aI-00642-00148908-00149210 monarchy in the first Mexican Empire due
+N19GprRo_aI-00643-00149211-00149405 to the Peninsular war the Portuguese
+N19GprRo_aI-00644-00149406-00149689 court was relocated to Brazil in 1808
+N19GprRo_aI-00645-00149690-00149972 Brazil gained independence as a monarchy
+N19GprRo_aI-00646-00149973-00150239 on September 7 to 1822 in the
+N19GprRo_aI-00647-00150240-00150560 Empire of Brazil lasted until 1889 in
+N19GprRo_aI-00648-00150561-00150773 the other states various forms of
+N19GprRo_aI-00649-00150774-00151004 autocratic Republic existed until most
+N19GprRo_aI-00650-00151005-00151199 were liberalized at the end of the 20th
+N19GprRo_aI-00651-00151200-00151514 century the French Second Republic was
+N19GprRo_aI-00652-00151515-00151769 created in 1848 but abolished by
+N19GprRo_aI-00653-00151770-00151937 Napoleon the third who proclaimed
+N19GprRo_aI-00654-00151938-00152297 himself emperor in 1852 the French Third
+N19GprRo_aI-00655-00152298-00152579 Republic was established in 1870 when a
+N19GprRo_aI-00656-00152580-00152798 civil Revolutionary Committee refused to
+N19GprRo_aI-00657-00152799-00152987 accept Napoleon the third surrender
+N19GprRo_aI-00658-00152988-00153251 during the franco-prussian war Spain
+N19GprRo_aI-00659-00153252-00153413 briefly became the first Spanish
+N19GprRo_aI-00660-00153414-00153809 Republic in 1873 to 74 but the monarchy
+N19GprRo_aI-00661-00153810-00154049 was soon restored by the start of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00662-00154050-00154307 20th century France Switzerland and San
+N19GprRo_aI-00663-00154308-00154511 Marino remained the only Republic's in
+N19GprRo_aI-00664-00154512-00154808 Europe this changed when after the 1908
+N19GprRo_aI-00665-00154809-00155108 Lisbon regicide the 5th of October 1910
+N19GprRo_aI-00666-00155109-00155303 revolution established the Portuguese
+N19GprRo_aI-00667-00155304-00155639 Republic in East Asia China had seen
+N19GprRo_aI-00668-00155640-00155825 considerable and eaching sentiment
+N19GprRo_aI-00669-00155826-00156041 during the 19th century and a number of
+N19GprRo_aI-00670-00156042-00156248 protest movements developed calling for
+N19GprRo_aI-00671-00156249-00156497 constitutional monarchy the most
+N19GprRo_aI-00672-00156498-00156674 important leader of these efforts was
+N19GprRo_aI-00673-00156675-00156752 sun yat-sen
+N19GprRo_aI-00674-00156753-00156902 whose three principles of the people
+N19GprRo_aI-00675-00156903-00157121 combined American European and Chinese
+N19GprRo_aI-00676-00157122-00157460 ideas under his leadership the Republic
+N19GprRo_aI-00677-00157461-00157694 of China was proclaimed on January 1st
+N19GprRo_aI-00678-00157695-00158042 1912 republicanism expanded
+N19GprRo_aI-00679-00158043-00158240 significantly in the aftermath of World
+N19GprRo_aI-00680-00158241-00158441 War one when several of the largest
+N19GprRo_aI-00681-00158442-00158663 European empires collapsed the Russian
+N19GprRo_aI-00682-00158664-00159034 Empire 1917 German Empire 1918
+N19GprRo_aI-00683-00159035-00159359 austro-hungarian Empire 1918 an Ottoman
+N19GprRo_aI-00684-00159360-00159638 Empire 1922 were all replaced by
+N19GprRo_aI-00685-00159639-00159875 Republic's new states gained
+N19GprRo_aI-00686-00159876-00160058 independence during this turmoil and
+N19GprRo_aI-00687-00160059-00160253 many of these such as Ireland Poland
+N19GprRo_aI-00688-00160254-00160475 Finland and Czechoslovakia chose
+N19GprRo_aI-00689-00160476-00160739 Republican forms of government following
+N19GprRo_aI-00690-00160740-00160963 reese's defeat in the greco-turkish war
+N19GprRo_aI-00691-00160964-00161282 1919 to 22 the monarchy was briefly
+N19GprRo_aI-00692-00161283-00161503 replaced by the second Hellenic Republic
+N19GprRo_aI-00693-00161504-00161984 1924 to 35 in 1931 the proclamation of
+N19GprRo_aI-00694-00161985-00162305 the second Spanish Republic 1931 to 39
+N19GprRo_aI-00695-00162306-00162524 resulted in the Spanish Civil War that
+N19GprRo_aI-00696-00162525-00162775 would be the prelude of world war ii
+N19GprRo_aI-00697-00162776-00162971 republican ideas were spreading
+N19GprRo_aI-00698-00162972-00163235 especially in asia the united states
+N19GprRo_aI-00699-00163236-00163448 began to have considerable influence in
+N19GprRo_aI-00700-00163449-00163628 East Asia in the later part of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00701-00163629-00163802 19th century with Protestant
+N19GprRo_aI-00702-00163803-00164060 missionaries playing a central role the
+N19GprRo_aI-00703-00164061-00164249 liberal and Republican writers of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00704-00164250-00164477 West also exerted influence these
+N19GprRo_aI-00705-00164478-00164702 combined with native Confucian inspired
+N19GprRo_aI-00706-00164703-00164891 political philosophy that had long
+N19GprRo_aI-00707-00164892-00165071 argued that the populace had the right
+N19GprRo_aI-00708-00165072-00165251 to reject unjust government that had
+N19GprRo_aI-00709-00165252-00165497 lost the Mandate of Heaven two
+N19GprRo_aI-00710-00165498-00165686 short-lived Republic's were proclaimed
+N19GprRo_aI-00711-00165687-00165917 in East Asia the Republic of Formosa and
+N19GprRo_aI-00712-00165918-00166346 the first Philippine Republic
+N19GprRo_aI-00713-00166347-00166873 topic decolonization
+N19GprRo_aI-00714-00166874-00167200 topic in the years following World War
+N19GprRo_aI-00715-00167201-00167415 two most of the remaining European
+N19GprRo_aI-00716-00167416-00167593 colonies gained their independence and
+N19GprRo_aI-00717-00167594-00167884 most became republics the two largest
+N19GprRo_aI-00718-00167885-00168082 colonial powers were France and the
+N19GprRo_aI-00719-00168083-00168298 United Kingdom Republican France
+N19GprRo_aI-00720-00168299-00168457 encouraged the establishment of
+N19GprRo_aI-00721-00168458-00168700 Republic's in its former colonies the
+N19GprRo_aI-00722-00168701-00168883 United Kingdom attempted to follow the
+N19GprRo_aI-00723-00168884-00169065 model it had for its earlier settler
+N19GprRo_aI-00724-00169066-00169210 colonies of creating independent
+N19GprRo_aI-00725-00169211-00169426 Commonwealth realms still linked under
+N19GprRo_aI-00726-00169427-00169675 the same monarchy while most of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00727-00169676-00169873 settler colonies in the smaller states
+N19GprRo_aI-00728-00169874-00170079 of the Caribbean retained this system it
+N19GprRo_aI-00729-00170080-00170229 was rejected by the newly independent
+N19GprRo_aI-00730-00170230-00170454 countries in Africa and Asia which
+N19GprRo_aI-00731-00170455-00170659 revised their constitutions and became
+N19GprRo_aI-00732-00170660-00170938 republics Britain followed a different
+N19GprRo_aI-00733-00170939-00171148 model in the Middle East it installed
+N19GprRo_aI-00734-00171149-00171388 local monarchies in several colonies and
+N19GprRo_aI-00735-00171389-00171607 mandates including Iraq Jordan Kuwait
+N19GprRo_aI-00736-00171608-00171900 Bahrain Oman Yemen and Libya in
+N19GprRo_aI-00737-00171901-00172191 subsequent decades revolutions includes
+N19GprRo_aI-00738-00172192-00172375 over through a number of monarchs and
+N19GprRo_aI-00739-00172376-00172663 installed Republic's several monarchies
+N19GprRo_aI-00740-00172664-00172851 remain and the Middle East is the only
+N19GprRo_aI-00741-00172852-00173028 part of the world where several large
+N19GprRo_aI-00742-00173029-00173229 states are ruled by monarchs with almost
+N19GprRo_aI-00743-00173230-00173739 complete political control
+N19GprRo_aI-00744-00173740-00174216 pick Socialist Republics
+N19GprRo_aI-00745-00174217-00174546 topic in the wake of the first world war
+N19GprRo_aI-00746-00174547-00174750 the Russian monarchy fell during the
+N19GprRo_aI-00747-00174751-00174966 Russian Revolution the Russian
+N19GprRo_aI-00748-00174967-00175101 provisional government was established
+N19GprRo_aI-00749-00175102-00175329 in its place on the lines of a liberal
+N19GprRo_aI-00750-00175330-00175518 Republic but this was overthrown by the
+N19GprRo_aI-00751-00175519-00175716 Bolsheviks who went on to establish the
+N19GprRo_aI-00752-00175717-00176019 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics this
+N19GprRo_aI-00753-00176020-00176223 was the first Republic established under
+N19GprRo_aI-00754-00176224-00176526 marxist-leninist ideology communism was
+N19GprRo_aI-00755-00176527-00176742 wholly opposed to monarchy and became an
+N19GprRo_aI-00756-00176743-00176934 important element of many Republican
+N19GprRo_aI-00757-00176935-00177129 movements during the 20th century the
+N19GprRo_aI-00758-00177130-00177420 Russian Revolution spread into Mongolia
+N19GprRo_aI-00759-00177421-00177645 and overthrew its theocratic monarchy in
+N19GprRo_aI-00760-00177646-00177975 1924 in the aftermath of the Second
+N19GprRo_aI-00761-00177976-00178164 World War the Communists gradually
+N19GprRo_aI-00762-00178165-00178329 gained control of Romania Bulgaria
+N19GprRo_aI-00763-00178330-00178665 Yugoslavia Hungary and Albania ensuring
+N19GprRo_aI-00764-00178666-00178833 that the states were re-established as
+N19GprRo_aI-00765-00178834-00178989 socialist republics rather than
+N19GprRo_aI-00766-00178990-00179325 monarchies communism also intermingled
+N19GprRo_aI-00767-00179326-00179586 with other ideologies it was embraced by
+N19GprRo_aI-00768-00179587-00179772 many national liberation movements
+N19GprRo_aI-00769-00179773-00179988 during decolonization in Vietnam
+N19GprRo_aI-00770-00179989-00180201 communist Republicans pushed aside the
+N19GprRo_aI-00771-00180202-00180396 Nguyen dynasty and monarchies in
+N19GprRo_aI-00772-00180397-00180564 neighboring Laos and Cambodia were
+N19GprRo_aI-00773-00180565-00180765 overthrown by communist movements in the
+N19GprRo_aI-00774-00180766-00181134 1970s Arab socialism contributed to a
+N19GprRo_aI-00775-00181135-00181338 series of revolts in Coos that saw the
+N19GprRo_aI-00776-00181339-00181581 monarchies of Egypt Iraq Libya and Yemen
+N19GprRo_aI-00777-00181582-00181923 ousted in Africa Marxist Leninist manned
+N19GprRo_aI-00778-00181924-00182121 African socialism led to the end of
+N19GprRo_aI-00779-00182122-00182289 monarchy and the proclamation of
+N19GprRo_aI-00780-00182290-00182502 republics in states such as Burundi and
+N19GprRo_aI-00781-00182503-00182936 Ethiopia
+N19GprRo_aI-00782-00182937-00183491 topic islamic republic's
+N19GprRo_aI-00783-00183492-00183882 topic Islamic political philosophy has a
+N19GprRo_aI-00784-00183883-00184103 long history of opposition to absolute
+N19GprRo_aI-00785-00184104-00184301 monarchy notably in the work of Al
+N19GprRo_aI-00786-00184302-00184604 Farabi Sharia law took precedence over
+N19GprRo_aI-00787-00184605-00184778 the will of the ruler and electing
+N19GprRo_aI-00788-00184779-00184961 rulers by means of the Shira was an
+N19GprRo_aI-00789-00184962-00185066 important doctrine
+N19GprRo_aI-00790-00185067-00185312 while the early caliphate maintained the
+N19GprRo_aI-00791-00185313-00185507 principles of an elected ruler later
+N19GprRo_aI-00792-00185508-00185732 states became hereditary or military
+N19GprRo_aI-00793-00185733-00185919 dictatorship though many maintained some
+N19GprRo_aI-00794-00185920-00186233 pretense of a consultative Shura none of
+N19GprRo_aI-00795-00186234-00186395 these states are typically referred to
+N19GprRo_aI-00796-00186396-00186629 as Republic's the current usage of
+N19GprRo_aI-00797-00186630-00186812 Republic in Muslim countries has
+N19GprRo_aI-00798-00186813-00186953 borrowed from the Western meaning
+N19GprRo_aI-00799-00186954-00187136 adopted into the language in the late
+N19GprRo_aI-00800-00187137-00187457 19th century the 20th century saw
+N19GprRo_aI-00801-00187458-00187658 republicanism become an important idea
+N19GprRo_aI-00802-00187659-00187893 in much of the Middle East as monarchies
+N19GprRo_aI-00803-00187894-00188048 were removed in many states of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00804-00188049-00188394 region Iraq became a secular state some
+N19GprRo_aI-00805-00188395-00188643 nations such as Indonesia and Azerbaijan
+N19GprRo_aI-00806-00188644-00189023 began as secular in Iran the 1979
+N19GprRo_aI-00807-00189024-00189221 revolution overthrew the monarchy and
+N19GprRo_aI-00808-00189222-00189456 created an Islamic Republic based on the
+N19GprRo_aI-00809-00189457-00189937 ideas of Islamic democracy
+N19GprRo_aI-00810-00189938-00190456 topic head of state
+N19GprRo_aI-00811-00190457-00190823 topic
+N19GprRo_aI-00812-00190824-00191305 topic structure
+N19GprRo_aI-00813-00191306-00191656 topic with no monarch most modern
+N19GprRo_aI-00814-00191657-00191857 Republic's used the title president for
+N19GprRo_aI-00815-00191858-00192091 the head of state originally used to
+N19GprRo_aI-00816-00192092-00192280 refer to the presiding officer of a
+N19GprRo_aI-00817-00192281-00192466 committee or governing body in Great
+N19GprRo_aI-00818-00192467-00192652 Britain the usage was also applied to
+N19GprRo_aI-00819-00192653-00192859 political leaders including the leaders
+N19GprRo_aI-00820-00192860-00193012 of some of the thirteen colonies
+N19GprRo_aI-00821-00193013-00193336 originally Virginia in 1608 enfold the
+N19GprRo_aI-00822-00193337-00193618 president of the council the first
+N19GprRo_aI-00823-00193619-00193801 Republic to adopt the title was the
+N19GprRo_aI-00824-00193802-00194083 United States of America keeping its
+N19GprRo_aI-00825-00194084-00194251 usage as the head of a committee the
+N19GprRo_aI-00826-00194252-00194386 president of the Continental Congress
+N19GprRo_aI-00827-00194387-00194620 was the leader of the original Congress
+N19GprRo_aI-00828-00194621-00194866 when the new Constitution was written
+N19GprRo_aI-00829-00194867-00195049 the title of president of the United
+N19GprRo_aI-00830-00195050-00195217 States was conferred on the head of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00831-00195218-00195499 new executive branch if the head of
+N19GprRo_aI-00832-00195500-00195694 state of a republic is also the head of
+N19GprRo_aI-00833-00195695-00195898 government this is called a presidential
+N19GprRo_aI-00834-00195899-00196141 system there are a number of forms of
+N19GprRo_aI-00835-00196142-00196333 presidential government a full
+N19GprRo_aI-00836-00196334-00196543 presidential system has a president with
+N19GprRo_aI-00837-00196544-00196732 substantial authority and a central
+N19GprRo_aI-00838-00196733-00197014 political role in other states the
+N19GprRo_aI-00839-00197015-00197182 legislature is dominant and the
+N19GprRo_aI-00840-00197183-00197371 presidential role is almost purely
+N19GprRo_aI-00841-00197372-00197605 ceremonial and apolitical such as in
+N19GprRo_aI-00842-00197606-00197851 Germany in India these states are
+N19GprRo_aI-00843-00197852-00198049 parliamentary Republic's and operate
+N19GprRo_aI-00844-00198050-00198268 similarly to constitutional monarchies
+N19GprRo_aI-00845-00198269-00198439 with parliamentary systems where the
+N19GprRo_aI-00846-00198440-00198625 power of the monarch is also greatly
+N19GprRo_aI-00847-00198626-00198922 circumscribed in parliamentary systems
+N19GprRo_aI-00848-00198923-00199123 the head of government most often titled
+N19GprRo_aI-00849-00199124-00199348 Prime Minister exercises the most real
+N19GprRo_aI-00850-00199349-00199609 political power semi-presidential
+N19GprRo_aI-00851-00199610-00199828 systems have a president as an active
+N19GprRo_aI-00852-00199829-00200008 head of state but also have a head of
+N19GprRo_aI-00853-00200009-00200278 government with important powers the
+N19GprRo_aI-00854-00200279-00200464 rules for appointing the president and
+N19GprRo_aI-00855-00200465-00200620 the leader of the government in some
+N19GprRo_aI-00856-00200621-00200803 Republic's permit the appointment of a
+N19GprRo_aI-00857-00200804-00200989 president and a prime minister who have
+N19GprRo_aI-00858-00200990-00201208 opposing political convictions in France
+N19GprRo_aI-00859-00201209-00201403 when the members of the ruling cabinet
+N19GprRo_aI-00860-00201404-00201547 and the president come from opposing
+N19GprRo_aI-00861-00201548-00201775 political factions this situation is
+N19GprRo_aI-00862-00201776-00202078 called cohabitation in some countries
+N19GprRo_aI-00863-00202079-00202330 like Switzerland Bosnia and Herzegovina
+N19GprRo_aI-00864-00202331-00202561 and San Marino the head of state is not
+N19GprRo_aI-00865-00202562-00202777 a single person but a committee Council
+N19GprRo_aI-00866-00202778-00202978 of several persons holding that office
+N19GprRo_aI-00867-00202979-00203263 the Roman Republic had two consuls
+N19GprRo_aI-00868-00203264-00203446 elected for a one-year term by the
+N19GprRo_aI-00869-00203447-00203653 comitia centuriata consisting of all
+N19GprRo_aI-00870-00203654-00203842 adult Freeborn males who could prove
+N19GprRo_aI-00871-00203843-00204187 citizenship
+N19GprRo_aI-00872-00204188-00204681 topic elections
+N19GprRo_aI-00873-00204682-00205053 topic in liberal democracies presidents
+N19GprRo_aI-00874-00205054-00205212 are elected either directly by the
+N19GprRo_aI-00875-00205213-00205428 people or indirectly by a parliament or
+N19GprRo_aI-00876-00205429-00205715 Council typically in presidential and
+N19GprRo_aI-00877-00205716-00205944 semi-presidential systems the president
+N19GprRo_aI-00878-00205944-00206148 is directly elected by the people or is
+N19GprRo_aI-00879-00206148-00206352 indirectly elected as done in the United
+N19GprRo_aI-00880-00206353-00206628 States in that country the president is
+N19GprRo_aI-00881-00206629-00206763 officially elected by an electoral
+N19GprRo_aI-00882-00206764-00206990 college chosen by the states all of
+N19GprRo_aI-00883-00206991-00207207 which do so by direct election of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00884-00207208-00207480 electors the indirect election of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00885-00207481-00207621 president through the Electoral College
+N19GprRo_aI-00886-00207621-00207876 conforms to the concept of Republic as
+N19GprRo_aI-00887-00207877-00208077 one with a system of indirect election
+N19GprRo_aI-00888-00208078-00208362 in the opinion of some direct election
+N19GprRo_aI-00889-00208363-00208575 confers legitimacy upon the president
+N19GprRo_aI-00890-00208576-00208715 and gives the office much of its
+N19GprRo_aI-00891-00208716-00208817 political power
+N19GprRo_aI-00892-00208819-00209100 however this concept of legitimacy
+N19GprRo_aI-00893-00209101-00209250 differs from that expressed in the
+N19GprRo_aI-00894-00209251-00209415 United States Constitution which
+N19GprRo_aI-00895-00209416-00209640 established the legitimacy of the United
+N19GprRo_aI-00896-00209641-00209826 States president as resulting from the
+N19GprRo_aI-00897-00209827-00209996 signing of the Constitution by nine
+N19GprRo_aI-00898-00209998-00210309 states the idea that direct election is
+N19GprRo_aI-00899-00210310-00210555 required for legitimacy also contradicts
+N19GprRo_aI-00900-00210556-00210759 the spirit of the great compromise whose
+N19GprRo_aI-00901-00210760-00210978 actual result was manifest in the clause
+N19GprRo_aI-00902-00210979-00211182 that provides voters in smaller states
+N19GprRo_aI-00903-00211183-00211413 with more representation in presidential
+N19GprRo_aI-00904-00211414-00211614 selection than those in large states for
+N19GprRo_aI-00905-00211615-00211902 example citizens of Wyoming in 2016 had
+N19GprRo_aI-00906-00211903-00212130 three point six times as much electoral
+N19GprRo_aI-00907-00212131-00212313 vote representation as citizens of
+N19GprRo_aI-00908-00212314-00212556 California in states with a
+N19GprRo_aI-00909-00212557-00212751 parliamentary system the president is
+N19GprRo_aI-00910-00212752-00213003 usually elected by the Parliament this
+N19GprRo_aI-00911-00213004-00213189 indirect election subordinates the
+N19GprRo_aI-00912-00213190-00213371 president to the Parliament and also
+N19GprRo_aI-00913-00213373-00213576 gives the president limited legitimacy
+N19GprRo_aI-00914-00213577-00213794 and turns most presidential powers into
+N19GprRo_aI-00915-00213796-00213951 reserve powers that can only be
+N19GprRo_aI-00916-00213952-00214236 exercised under rare circumstance there
+N19GprRo_aI-00917-00214237-00214440 are exceptions where elected presidents
+N19GprRo_aI-00918-00214441-00214662 have only ceremonial powers such as in
+N19GprRo_aI-00919-00214663-00215033 Ireland
+N19GprRo_aI-00920-00215034-00215496 topic ambiguities
+N19GprRo_aI-00921-00215496-00215853 topic the distinction between a republic
+N19GprRo_aI-00922-00215854-00216131 and a monarchy is not always clear the
+N19GprRo_aI-00923-00216132-00216344 constitutional monarchies of the former
+N19GprRo_aI-00924-00216346-00216546 British Empire in Western Europe today
+N19GprRo_aI-00925-00216546-00216744 have almost all real political power
+N19GprRo_aI-00926-00216744-00216969 vested in the elected representatives
+N19GprRo_aI-00927-00216969-00217140 with the Monarchs only holding either
+N19GprRo_aI-00928-00217141-00217394 theoretical powers no powers are rarely
+N19GprRo_aI-00929-00217396-00217709 used reserve powers real legitimacy for
+N19GprRo_aI-00930-00217710-00217878 political decisions comes from the
+N19GprRo_aI-00931-00217879-00218073 elected representatives and is derived
+N19GprRo_aI-00932-00218073-00218202 from the will of the people
+N19GprRo_aI-00933-00218203-00218480 while hereditary monarchies remain in
+N19GprRo_aI-00934-00218481-00218694 place political power is derived from
+N19GprRo_aI-00935-00218694-00218964 the people as in a republic these states
+N19GprRo_aI-00936-00218965-00219114 are thus sometimes referred to as
+N19GprRo_aI-00937-00219115-00219350 crowned republics terms such as liberal
+N19GprRo_aI-00938-00219351-00219663 Republic are also used to describe all
+N19GprRo_aI-00939-00219664-00219867 of the modern liberal democracies there
+N19GprRo_aI-00940-00219867-00220071 are also self-proclaimed Republic's that
+N19GprRo_aI-00941-00220071-00220256 act similarly to monarchies with
+N19GprRo_aI-00942-00220257-00220452 absolute power vested in the leader and
+N19GprRo_aI-00943-00220453-00220716 passed down from father to son North
+N19GprRo_aI-00944-00220717-00220973 Korea and Syria are two notable examples
+N19GprRo_aI-00945-00220975-00221163 where a son has inherited political
+N19GprRo_aI-00946-00221164-00221226 control
+N19GprRo_aI-00947-00221227-00221451 neither of these states are officially
+N19GprRo_aI-00948-00221452-00221667 monarchies there is no constitutional
+N19GprRo_aI-00949-00221667-00221889 requirement that power be passed down
+N19GprRo_aI-00950-00221890-00222102 within one family but it has occurred in
+N19GprRo_aI-00951-00222103-00222375 practice there are also elective
+N19GprRo_aI-00952-00222376-00222560 monarchies where ultimate power is
+N19GprRo_aI-00953-00222561-00222762 vested in a monarch but the monarch is
+N19GprRo_aI-00954-00222763-00222955 chosen by some manner of election a
+N19GprRo_aI-00955-00222956-00223208 current example of such a state as
+N19GprRo_aI-00956-00223209-00223394 Malaysia where the young deeper Twana
+N19GprRo_aI-00957-00223396-00223610 Gong is elected every five years by the
+N19GprRo_aI-00958-00223611-00223805 conference of rulers composed of the
+N19GprRo_aI-00959-00223806-00223998 nine hereditary rulers of the Malay
+N19GprRo_aI-00960-00223998-00224205 States in the Vatican City state where
+N19GprRo_aI-00961-00224206-00224367 the Pope is selected by cardinal
+N19GprRo_aI-00962-00224367-00224577 electors currently all Cardinals under a
+N19GprRo_aI-00963-00224578-00224885 specific age while rare today elective
+N19GprRo_aI-00964-00224886-00225114 monarchs were common in the past the
+N19GprRo_aI-00965-00225115-00225317 Holy Roman Empire is an important
+N19GprRo_aI-00966-00225319-00225494 example where each new emperor was
+N19GprRo_aI-00967-00225496-00225789 chosen by a group of electors Islamic
+N19GprRo_aI-00968-00225790-00225939 states also rarely employed
+N19GprRo_aI-00969-00225940-00226194 primogeniture instead relying on various
+N19GprRo_aI-00970-00226194-00226377 forms of election to choose a monarch
+N19GprRo_aI-00971-00226378-00226628 successor the polish-lithuanian
+N19GprRo_aI-00972-00226629-00226863 Commonwealth had an elective monarchy
+N19GprRo_aI-00973-00226864-00227073 with a wide suffrage of some 500
+N19GprRo_aI-00974-00227073-00227337 thousand nobles the system known as the
+N19GprRo_aI-00975-00227338-00227558 Golden Liberty had developed as a method
+N19GprRo_aI-00976-00227559-00227742 for powerful landowners to control the
+N19GprRo_aI-00977-00227742-00227988 crown the proponents of this system
+N19GprRo_aI-00978-00227989-00228173 looked to classical examples and the
+N19GprRo_aI-00979-00228175-00228369 writings of the Italian Renaissance and
+N19GprRo_aI-00980-00228369-00228540 called their elective monarchy a rich
+N19GprRo_aI-00981-00228541-00229089 abyss Phyllida based on race pública
+N19GprRo_aI-00982-00229090-00229669 topic sub-national republics
+N19GprRo_aI-00983-00229671-00230039 topic in general being a republic also
+N19GprRo_aI-00984-00230040-00230246 implies sovereignty as for the state to
+N19GprRo_aI-00985-00230246-00230410 be ruled by the people it cannot be
+N19GprRo_aI-00986-00230411-00230663 controlled by a foreign power there are
+N19GprRo_aI-00987-00230664-00230894 important exceptions to this for example
+N19GprRo_aI-00988-00230894-00231077 Republic's in the Soviet Union were
+N19GprRo_aI-00989-00231078-00231242 member states which had to meet three
+N19GprRo_aI-00990-00231242-00231559 criteria to be named Republic's beyond
+N19GprRo_aI-00991-00231560-00231764 the periphery of the Soviet Union so as
+N19GprRo_aI-00992-00231765-00231929 to be able to take advantage of their
+N19GprRo_aI-00993-00231930-00232196 theoretical right to secede be
+N19GprRo_aI-00994-00232196-00232354 economically strong enough to be
+N19GprRo_aI-00995-00232355-00232657 self-sufficient upon secession and be
+N19GprRo_aI-00996-00232658-00232871 named after at least 1 million people of
+N19GprRo_aI-00997-00232871-00233035 the ethnic group which should make up
+N19GprRo_aI-00998-00233036-00233260 the majority population of said Republic
+N19GprRo_aI-00999-00233261-00233453 it is sometimes argued that the former
+N19GprRo_aI-01000-00233454-00233639 Soviet Union was also a supranational
+N19GprRo_aI-01001-00233640-00233848 republic based on the claim that the
+N19GprRo_aI-01002-00233850-00234081 member states were different nations
+N19GprRo_aI-01003-00234082-00234319 socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
+N19GprRo_aI-01004-00234321-00234578 was a federal entity composed of six
+N19GprRo_aI-01005-00234579-00234800 Republic's Socialist Republic of Bosnia
+N19GprRo_aI-01006-00234801-00235056 and Herzegovina Croatia Macedonia
+N19GprRo_aI-01007-00235057-00235421 Montenegro Serbia and Slovenia each
+N19GprRo_aI-01008-00235421-00235633 Republic had its parliament government
+N19GprRo_aI-01009-00235634-00235873 Institute of citizenship Constitution
+N19GprRo_aI-01010-00235875-00236098 etc but certain functions were delegated
+N19GprRo_aI-01011-00236100-00236369 to the Federation army monetary matters
+N19GprRo_aI-01012-00236369-00236629 each Republic also had a right of
+N19GprRo_aI-01013-00236630-00236801 self-determination according to the
+N19GprRo_aI-01014-00236802-00236987 conclusions of the second session of the
+N19GprRo_aI-01015-00236988-00237196 AVN oj and according to the federal
+N19GprRo_aI-01016-00237198-00237521 constitution states of the united states
+N19GprRo_aI-01017-00237521-00237721 are required like the federal government
+N19GprRo_aI-01018-00237723-00237917 to be republican in form with final
+N19GprRo_aI-01019-00237917-00238153 authority resting with the people this
+N19GprRo_aI-01020-00238154-00238328 was required because the states were
+N19GprRo_aI-01021-00238329-00238517 intended to create and enforce most
+N19GprRo_aI-01022-00238517-00238708 domestic laws with the exception of
+N19GprRo_aI-01023-00238709-00238841 areas delegated to the federal
+N19GprRo_aI-01024-00238842-00239053 government and prohibited to the states
+N19GprRo_aI-01025-00239054-00239269 the founding fathers of the country
+N19GprRo_aI-01026-00239271-00239492 intended most domestic laws to be
+N19GprRo_aI-01027-00239492-00239750 handled by the states requiring the
+N19GprRo_aI-01028-00239751-00239959 states to be a republic in form was seen
+N19GprRo_aI-01029-00239960-00240148 as protecting the citizens rights and
+N19GprRo_aI-01030-00240150-00240307 preventing a state from becoming a
+N19GprRo_aI-01031-00240308-00240542 dictatorship or monarchy and reflected
+N19GprRo_aI-01032-00240542-00240682 unwillingness on the part of the
+N19GprRo_aI-01033-00240683-00240919 original thirteen states all independent
+N19GprRo_aI-01034-00240921-00241096 republics to unite with other states
+N19GprRo_aI-01035-00241098-00241352 that were not republics additionally
+N19GprRo_aI-01036-00241353-00241558 this requirement ensured that only other
+N19GprRo_aI-01037-00241559-00241844 Republic's could join the Union in the
+N19GprRo_aI-01038-00241844-00242032 example of the United States the
+N19GprRo_aI-01039-00242033-00242219 original thirteen British colonies
+N19GprRo_aI-01040-00242219-00242402 became independent states after the
+N19GprRo_aI-01041-00242403-00242584 American Revolution each having a
+N19GprRo_aI-01042-00242585-00242819 Republican form of government these
+N19GprRo_aI-01043-00242819-00243023 independent states initially formed a
+N19GprRo_aI-01044-00243023-00243062 loose
+N19GprRo_aI-01045-00243063-00243280 Federation called the United States and
+N19GprRo_aI-01046-00243281-00243448 then later formed the current United
+N19GprRo_aI-01047-00243450-00243646 States by ratifying the current US
+N19GprRo_aI-01048-00243648-00243850 Constitution creating a union of
+N19GprRo_aI-01049-00243851-00244009 sovereign states with the Union or
+N19GprRo_aI-01050-00244010-00244219 federal government also being a republic
+N19GprRo_aI-01051-00244221-00244492 any state joining the Union later was
+N19GprRo_aI-01052-00244494-00245017 also required to be a republic
+N19GprRo_aI-01053-00245019-00245496 topic other meanings
+N19GprRo_aI-01054-00245498-00245862 topic
+N19GprRo_aI-01055-00245863-00246406 topic political philosophy
+N19GprRo_aI-01056-00246407-00246769 topic the term Republic originated from
+N19GprRo_aI-01057-00246770-00246922 the writers of the Renaissance as a
+N19GprRo_aI-01058-00246923-00247088 descriptive term for states that were
+N19GprRo_aI-01059-00247089-00247366 not monarchies these writers such as
+N19GprRo_aI-01060-00247367-00247573 Machiavelli also wrote important
+N19GprRo_aI-01061-00247574-00247774 prescriptive works describing how such
+N19GprRo_aI-01062-00247775-00248039 governments should function these ideas
+N19GprRo_aI-01063-00248040-00248209 of how a government and society should
+N19GprRo_aI-01064-00248210-00248392 be structured as the basis for an
+N19GprRo_aI-01065-00248393-00248533 ideology known as classical
+N19GprRo_aI-01066-00248534-00248848 republicanism or civic humanism this
+N19GprRo_aI-01067-00248849-00249052 ideology is based on the Roman Republic
+N19GprRo_aI-01068-00249053-00249298 in the city-states of ancient Greece and
+N19GprRo_aI-01069-00249299-00249517 focuses on ideals such as civic virtue
+N19GprRo_aI-01070-00249518-00249737 rule of law and mixed government this
+N19GprRo_aI-01071-00249738-00249910 understanding of a republic as a
+N19GprRo_aI-01072-00249911-00250075 distinct form of government from a
+N19GprRo_aI-01073-00250076-00250255 liberal democracy as one of the main
+N19GprRo_aI-01074-00250256-00250417 theses of the cambridge school of
+N19GprRo_aI-01075-00250418-00250702 historical analysis this grew out of the
+N19GprRo_aI-01076-00250703-00251053 work of jg a Pocock who in 1975 argued
+N19GprRo_aI-01077-00251054-00251248 that a series of scholars had expressed
+N19GprRo_aI-01078-00251249-00251469 a consistent set of Republican ideals
+N19GprRo_aI-01079-00251470-00251731 these writers included Machiavelli
+N19GprRo_aI-01080-00251732-00251947 Milton Montesquieu and the founders of
+N19GprRo_aI-01081-00251948-00252229 the United States of America Pocock
+N19GprRo_aI-01082-00252230-00252433 argued that this was an ideology with a
+N19GprRo_aI-01083-00252434-00252619 history and principles distinct from
+N19GprRo_aI-01084-00252620-00252904 liberalism these ideas were embraced by
+N19GprRo_aI-01085-00252905-00253115 a number of different writers including
+N19GprRo_aI-01086-00253116-00253318 Quentin Skinner Philip Pettit and Cass
+N19GprRo_aI-01087-00253319-00253591 Sunstein these subsequent writers have
+N19GprRo_aI-01088-00253592-00253774 further explored the history of the idea
+N19GprRo_aI-01089-00253775-00254026 and also outlined how a modern Republic
+N19GprRo_aI-01090-00254027-00254288 should function topic United States
+N19GprRo_aI-01091-00254289-00254518 topic a distinct set of definitions for
+N19GprRo_aI-01092-00254519-00254722 the word Republic evolved in the United
+N19GprRo_aI-01093-00254723-00255041 States in common parlance a Republic is
+N19GprRo_aI-01094-00255042-00255223 a state that does not practice direct
+N19GprRo_aI-01095-00255224-00255424 democracy but rather has a government
+N19GprRo_aI-01096-00255425-00255676 indirectly controlled by the people this
+N19GprRo_aI-01097-00255677-00255850 understanding of the term was originally
+N19GprRo_aI-01098-00255851-00256112 developed by James Madison and notably
+N19GprRo_aI-01099-00256113-00256321 employed in Federalist paper number 10
+N19GprRo_aI-01100-00256322-00256616 this meaning was widely adopted early in
+N19GprRo_aI-01101-00256617-00256735 the history of the United States
+N19GprRo_aI-01102-00256736-00256969 including in Noah Webster's dictionary
+N19GprRo_aI-01103-00256970-00257293 of 1828 it was a novel meaning to the
+N19GprRo_aI-01104-00257294-00257524 term representative democracy was not an
+N19GprRo_aI-01105-00257525-00257731 idea mentioned by Machiavelli and did
+N19GprRo_aI-01106-00257732-00257917 not exist in the classical Republic's
+N19GprRo_aI-01107-00257918-00258118 there is also evidence that
+N19GprRo_aI-01108-00258119-00258346 contemporaries of Madison considered the
+N19GprRo_aI-01109-00258347-00258493 meaning of the word to reflect the
+N19GprRo_aI-01110-00258494-00258689 definition found elsewhere as is the
+N19GprRo_aI-01111-00258690-00258868 case with a quotation of Benjamin
+N19GprRo_aI-01112-00258869-00259057 Franklin taken from the notes of James
+N19GprRo_aI-01113-00259058-00259273 McHenry where the question is put forth
+N19GprRo_aI-01114-00259274-00259474 a republic or a monarchy the term
+N19GprRo_aI-01115-00259475-00259624 Republic does not appear in the
+N19GprRo_aI-01116-00259625-00259769 Declaration of Independence
+N19GprRo_aI-01117-00259769-00259948 but has appear in article 4 of the
+N19GprRo_aI-01118-00259950-00260198 Constitution which guarantee s to every
+N19GprRo_aI-01119-00260198-00260405 state in this Union a republican form of
+N19GprRo_aI-01120-00260406-00260579 government what exactly the writers of
+N19GprRo_aI-01121-00260580-00260767 the Constitution felt this should mean
+N19GprRo_aI-01122-00260769-00261065 is uncertain the Supreme Court in Luther
+N19GprRo_aI-01123-00261066-00261377 V Borden 1849 declared that the
+N19GprRo_aI-01124-00261378-00261587 definition of republic was a political
+N19GprRo_aI-01125-00261588-00261755 question in which it would not intervene
+N19GprRo_aI-01126-00261756-00262069 in to later cases it did establish a
+N19GprRo_aI-01127-00262071-00262343 basic definition in United States v
+N19GprRo_aI-01128-00262344-00262670 Cruikshank 1875 the court ruled that the
+N19GprRo_aI-01129-00262671-00262868 equal rights of citizens were inherent
+N19GprRo_aI-01130-00262869-00263150 to the idea of a republic however the
+N19GprRo_aI-01131-00263151-00263354 term republic is not synonymous with the
+N19GprRo_aI-01132-00263355-00263651 republican form the republican form is
+N19GprRo_aI-01133-00263652-00263831 defined as one in which the powers of
+N19GprRo_aI-01134-00263832-00264032 sovereignty are vested in the people and
+N19GprRo_aI-01135-00264033-00264197 are exercised by the people either
+N19GprRo_aI-01136-00264198-00264389 directly or through representatives
+N19GprRo_aI-01137-00264390-00264572 chosen by the people to whom those
+N19GprRo_aI-01138-00264573-00264779 powers are specially delegated beyond
+N19GprRo_aI-01139-00264780-00264944 these basic definitions the word
+N19GprRo_aI-01140-00264945-00265088 republic has a number of other
+N19GprRo_aI-01141-00265089-00265451 connotations w paul adams observes that
+N19GprRo_aI-01142-00265452-00265634 republic is most often used in the
+N19GprRo_aI-01143-00265635-00265847 united states as a synonym for state or
+N19GprRo_aI-01144-00265848-00265981 government but with more positive
+N19GprRo_aI-01145-00265982-00266251 connotations than either of those terms
+N19GprRo_aI-01146-00266252-00266489 republicanism is often referred to as
+N19GprRo_aI-01147-00266490-00266678 the founding ideology of the United
+N19GprRo_aI-01148-00266679-00266963 States traditionally scholars believe
+N19GprRo_aI-01149-00266964-00267146 this American republicanism was a
+N19GprRo_aI-01150-00267147-00267341 derivation of the classical liberal
+N19GprRo_aI-01151-00267342-00267542 ideologies of john locke and others
+N19GprRo_aI-01152-00267543-00267788 developed in europe a political
+N19GprRo_aI-01153-00267789-00268007 philosophy of republicanism that formed
+N19GprRo_aI-01154-00268008-00268163 during the renaissance period and
+N19GprRo_aI-01155-00268164-00268358 initiated by Machiavelli was thought to
+N19GprRo_aI-01156-00268359-00268544 have had little impact on the founders
+N19GprRo_aI-01157-00268545-00268871 of the United States in the 1960s and
+N19GprRo_aI-01158-00268872-00269138 1970s a revisionist school led by the
+N19GprRo_aI-01159-00269139-00269276 likes of Bernard Bailyn
+N19GprRo_aI-01160-00269277-00269468 began to argue that republicanism was
+N19GprRo_aI-01161-00269469-00269657 just as or even more important than
+N19GprRo_aI-01162-00269658-00269861 liberalism in the creation of the United
+N19GprRo_aI-01163-00269862-00270170 States this issue is still much disputed
+N19GprRo_aI-01164-00270171-00270341 and scholars like Isaac Kramnik
+N19GprRo_aI-01165-00270342-00270635 completely reject this view topic see
+N19GprRo_aI-01166-00270636-00270839 also topic Commonwealth democracy
+N19GprRo_aI-01167-00270840-00271061 Democratic Republic Free State list of
+N19GprRo_aI-01168-00271062-00271298 Republic's index republics republicanism
+N19GprRo_aI-01169-00271299-00271532 republics of Russia guarantee Clause of
+N19GprRo_aI-01170-00271533-00271775 the US Constitution topic references
+N19GprRo_aI-01171-00271776-00272006 topic topic further reading topic Martin
+N19GprRo_aI-01172-00272007-00272246 Van Gelder and and Quentin Skinner EDS
+N19GprRo_aI-01173-00272247-00272492 republicanism a shared European heritage
+N19GprRo_aI-01174-00272493-00272810 v-1 republicanism and constitutionalism
+N19GprRo_aI-01175-00272811-00273005 in early modern Europe Cambridge
+N19GprRo_aI-01176-00273006-00273149 Cambridge University
+N19GprRo_aI-01177-00273150-00273404 rs2000 to Martin Van Gelder inand
+N19GprRo_aI-01178-00273405-00273665 Quentin Skinner EDS republicanism a
+N19GprRo_aI-01179-00273666-00274022 shared European heritage v2 the values
+N19GprRo_aI-01180-00274023-00274244 of republicanism in early modern Europe
+N19GprRo_aI-01181-00274245-00274577 Cambridge Cambridge u P mm - Willie Paul
+N19GprRo_aI-01182-00274578-00274799 Adams republicanism in political
+N19GprRo_aI-01183-00274800-00275111 rhetoric before 1776 political science
+N19GprRo_aI-01184-00275112-00275747 quarterly 85 1970 PP 397 - 421 Joyce
+N19GprRo_aI-01185-00275748-00275987 Appleby republicanism in old and new
+N19GprRo_aI-01186-00275988-00276185 contexts in william and mary quarterly
+N19GprRo_aI-01187-00276186-00276742 third series 43 january 1986 pp 3 2 34
+N19GprRo_aI-01188-00276743-00277067 Joyce Appleby Edie republicanism issue
+N19GprRo_aI-01189-00277068-00277526 of american quarterly 37 fall 1985 Sarah
+N19GprRo_aI-01190-00277527-00277742 Barbour regicide and republicanism
+N19GprRo_aI-01191-00277743-00277946 politics and ethics in the English
+N19GprRo_aI-01192-00277947-00278327 Republic 16 46 to 1649 Edinburgh
+N19GprRo_aI-01193-00278328-00278732 Edinburgh University Press 1998 diesel
+N19GprRo_aI-01194-00278733-00278912 of Bach Quentin Skinner and Mauricio
+N19GprRo_aI-01195-00278913-00279152 Verrilli EDS Machiavelli and
+N19GprRo_aI-01196-00279153-00279418 republicanism Cambridge Cambridge yupi
+N19GprRo_aI-01197-00279419-00279866 1990 ever dole William R 2000 the end of
+N19GprRo_aI-01198-00279867-00280064 Kings a history of Republic's and
+N19GprRo_aI-01199-00280065-00280373 Republicans 2nd ed Chicago University of
+N19GprRo_aI-01200-00280374-00280649 Chicago Press Eric go Joe so the concept
+N19GprRo_aI-01201-00280650-00280958 DeRay publique and france xvi e XV c
+N19GprRo_aI-01202-00280959-00281522 eckel x marseille 1998 PP 205 245 james
+N19GprRo_aI-01203-00281523-00281780 hankins exclusivist republicanism and
+N19GprRo_aI-01204-00281781-00281996 the non monarchical republic political
+N19GprRo_aI-01205-00281997-00282493 theory 38.4 August 2010 452 282
+N19GprRo_aI-01206-00282494-00282803 Frederick manera ledee de republik ATLA
+N19GprRo_aI-01207-00282804-00283040 jurisprudence duquan say constitutional
+N19GprRo_aI-01208-00283041-00283643 paris l g DJ 2004 FNAC l GD j FR philip
+N19GprRo_aI-01209-00283644-00283892 Pettit republicanism a theory of freedom
+N19GprRo_aI-01210-00283893-00284134 and government Oxford Clarendon press
+N19GprRo_aI-01211-00284135-00284693 1997 PP x + 304 jg a Pocock the
+N19GprRo_aI-01212-00284694-00284876 Machiavellian moment florentine
+N19GprRo_aI-01213-00284877-00285041 political thought and the Atlantic
+N19GprRo_aI-01214-00285042-00285275 Republican tradition Princeton Princeton
+N19GprRo_aI-01215-00285276-00285635 University Press 1975 JG a Pocock
+N19GprRo_aI-01216-00285636-00285776 between gog and magog
+N19GprRo_aI-01217-00285777-00285968 the republican thesis and the ideology
+N19GprRo_aI-01218-00285969-00286271 americana journal of the history of
+N19GprRo_aI-01219-00286272-00286547 ideas 48 1987 P
+N19GprRo_aI-01220-00286548-00286926 341 jg a Pocock the Machiavellian moment
+N19GprRo_aI-01221-00286927-00287118 revisited a study in history and
+N19GprRo_aI-01222-00287119-00287396 ideology Journal of modern history 53
+N19GprRo_aI-01223-00287397-00287733 1981 Paul a ray he republics ancient and
+N19GprRo_aI-01224-00287734-00287949 modern classical republicanism and the
+N19GprRo_aI-01225-00287950-00288249 American Revolution 3 V Chapel Hill you
+N19GprRo_aI-01226-00288250-00288641 of North Carolina press 1992 1994
+N19GprRo_aI-01227-00288642-00288924 jagdish p sharma republics in ancient
+N19GprRo_aI-01228-00288925-00289500 India see 1500 BC to 500 BC 1968 David
+N19GprRo_aI-01229-00289501-00289746 Wooten ed republicanism liberty and
+N19GprRo_aI-01230-00289747-00290175 commercial society 1649 to 1776 the
+N19GprRo_aI-01231-00290176-00290415 making of modern freedom series Stanford
+N19GprRo_aI-01232-00290416-00290817 CA Stanford University Press 1994 Thomas
+N19GprRo_aI-01233-00290818-00291048 Corwin Senate speech against the Mexican
+N19GprRo_aI-01234-00291049-00291393 War Congressional globe 1847 topic
+N19GprRo_aI-01235-00291394-00291675 external links topic william r ever dole
+N19GprRo_aI-01236-00291676-00291873 from state to Free State the meaning of
+N19GprRo_aI-01237-00291874-00292065 the word Republic from Jean Bodin to
+N19GprRo_aI-01238-00292066-00292413 John Adams 7th is e CS Budapest July
+N19GprRo_aI-01239-00292414-00292719 31st 87 in Valley Forge Journal June
+N19GprRo_aI-01240-00292720-00293016 1991
+N1WglxwN-MU-00000-00000021-00000350 so I'm Mariana this is Rodrigo I take
+N1WglxwN-MU-00001-00000351-00000624 you to the next 20 minutes into fatigue
+N1WglxwN-MU-00002-00000625-00000916 challenges as well as how we can
+N1WglxwN-MU-00003-00000917-00001204 implement self demented regulations at a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00004-00001205-00001411 nice pace from an analog point of view
+N1WglxwN-MU-00005-00001412-00002012 if you look into fatigue and I catch you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00006-00002013-00002284 although fatigue is inherent in the 24
+N1WglxwN-MU-00007-00002285-00002509 system we are in aviation its inherent
+N1WglxwN-MU-00008-00002510-00002822 in traveling with aircraft but it's also
+N1WglxwN-MU-00009-00002823-00003070 inherent in the ShipWorks system being
+N1WglxwN-MU-00010-00003071-00003379 in SN air traffic controller it's
+N1WglxwN-MU-00011-00003380-00003586 something that we cannot eliminate but
+N1WglxwN-MU-00012-00003588-00003904 we can and have to manage it somewhere
+N1WglxwN-MU-00013-00003905-00004238 your order and especially also with the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00014-00004239-00004609 upcoming regulation which is also
+N1WglxwN-MU-00015-00004610-00004879 getting us to having fatigue management
+N1WglxwN-MU-00016-00004880-00005099 systems and if you're looking to the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00017-00005100-00005338 challenges of the Teague I guess you all
+N1WglxwN-MU-00018-00005339-00005711 know that there are different causes of
+N1WglxwN-MU-00019-00005712-00005993 fatigue and these costs of T can be
+N1WglxwN-MU-00020-00005994-00006286 roughly divided in four categories and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00021-00006287-00006475 the first one has to do with the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00022-00006476-00006646 shiftwork effects the efforts of the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00023-00006647-00006959 shiftwork system Yuri it's a cancer of
+N1WglxwN-MU-00024-00006959-00007259 body rhythm you're a very logical
+N1WglxwN-MU-00025-00007259-00007469 riddance we have as a human being we are
+N1WglxwN-MU-00026-00007470-00007676 not like most but we have to work at
+N1WglxwN-MU-00027-00007677-00007934 night some way or another you have to be
+N1WglxwN-MU-00028-00007934-00008207 alert and you have to control traffic in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00029-00008208-00008471 a good way and this what also has to do
+N1WglxwN-MU-00030-00008472-00008728 with the opportunity to sleep and the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00031-00008729-00008942 quality of sleep or the sleep that you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00032-00008943-00009346 might have if you look into working and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00033-00009347-00009584 shift work system another one is also
+N1WglxwN-MU-00034-00009585-00009856 the combination of shift work with your
+N1WglxwN-MU-00035-00009857-00010109 private life private life is really
+N1WglxwN-MU-00036-00010110-00010463 focusing and going on as you work and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00037-00010464-00010652 combining that with the shift or system
+N1WglxwN-MU-00038-00010653-00010835 in combination with the body rhythm you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00039-00010836-00011138 have and the need for restoring sleep
+N1WglxwN-MU-00040-00011139-00011345 it's very difficult so there are some
+N1WglxwN-MU-00041-00011346-00011678 cheaper effects which we have to manage
+N1WglxwN-MU-00042-00011679-00011937 on the other hand there's also fatigue
+N1WglxwN-MU-00043-00011938-00012225 related with the job demands of the air
+N1WglxwN-MU-00044-00012226-00012378 traffic controller with having a high
+N1WglxwN-MU-00045-00012379-00012660 performance and anytime you need but
+N1WglxwN-MU-00046-00012661-00012869 also make the workload for example in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00047-00012871-00013254 low traffic guilt terror it's also has
+N1WglxwN-MU-00048-00013255-00013463 to do with the kind of task complexity
+N1WglxwN-MU-00049-00013465-00013691 the complexity of the task that's there
+N1WglxwN-MU-00050-00013693-00014124 which is fatiguing mentally and we can
+N1WglxwN-MU-00051-00014125-00014346 also manage it some way or another by
+N1WglxwN-MU-00052-00014347-00014703 having a design of the job having good
+N1WglxwN-MU-00053-00014704-00014919 decision support tools but also in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00054-00014919-00015216 having a good temperature and good
+N1WglxwN-MU-00055-00015216-00015744 lighting in the ops room further this is
+N1WglxwN-MU-00056-00015744-00016035 also a way which might implicate some
+N1WglxwN-MU-00057-00016036-00016238 costs of the chief it also a way in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00058-00016240-00016473 which we can manage fatigue its work
+N1WglxwN-MU-00059-00016474-00016740 scheduling scheduling it so it's in such
+N1WglxwN-MU-00060-00016741-00016914 a way that you have good work time
+N1WglxwN-MU-00061-00016915-00017190 limits as well as rest and breaks as
+N1WglxwN-MU-00062-00017191-00017505 well as different ship types early they
+N1WglxwN-MU-00063-00017506-00017784 are not ship types which might increase
+N1WglxwN-MU-00064-00017785-00018097 puts off with successive night shifts
+N1WglxwN-MU-00065-00018098-00018378 further staffing levels are also very
+N1WglxwN-MU-00066-00018379-00018582 important if you look into having
+N1WglxwN-MU-00067-00018583-00018864 sufficient staffing levels to hand over
+N1WglxwN-MU-00068-00018865-00019455 your your shift if you want to and you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00069-00019456-00019605 know one more has to do with their
+N1WglxwN-MU-00070-00019606-00019911 personal and awareness of the air
+N1WglxwN-MU-00071-00019912-00020085 traffic controller being fit to operate
+N1WglxwN-MU-00072-00020086-00020268 being fit to operate meaning you have a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00073-00020269-00020592 good lifestyle and a good food regions
+N1WglxwN-MU-00074-00020593-00020874 as well as awareness of your own fatigue
+N1WglxwN-MU-00075-00020875-00021258 and how you are coping with that so
+N1WglxwN-MU-00076-00021259-00021366 these are all elements
+N1WglxwN-MU-00077-00021367-00021531 what's causes fatigue and it's also very
+N1WglxwN-MU-00078-00021532-00021717 personal of course these are main
+N1WglxwN-MU-00079-00021718-00021936 categories which you can also manage in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00080-00021937-00022407 some way or not and if we look into the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00081-00022408-00022614 risks of fatigue if you have increasing
+N1WglxwN-MU-00082-00022615-00022887 fatigue and increasing sleep depth or a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00083-00022888-00023063 fishing
+N1WglxwN-MU-00084-00023064-00023454 workload it also has to do with effects
+N1WglxwN-MU-00085-00023455-00023546 that have
+N1WglxwN-MU-00086-00023547-00023762 do we operate to top performance mr.
+N1WglxwN-MU-00087-00023763-00023999 dharia if you look into vigilance and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00088-00024000-00024200 alertness being less alert when you're
+N1WglxwN-MU-00089-00024201-00024506 more drowsiness or more sleepiness you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00090-00024507-00024758 might not miss out cues and being
+N1WglxwN-MU-00091-00024759-00025103 knocked at alert in acting in the right
+N1WglxwN-MU-00092-00025104-00025433 way no one more let's do with assessment
+N1WglxwN-MU-00093-00025434-00025595 and decision-making assessment and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00094-00025596-00025886 decision-making if you look into the way
+N1WglxwN-MU-00095-00025887-00026225 in which you have to make your decisions
+N1WglxwN-MU-00096-00026226-00026564 and when your model fatigue it has to do
+N1WglxwN-MU-00097-00026564-00026833 with a more rigid thinking system that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00098-00026835-00027242 you read and you might miss out relevant
+N1WglxwN-MU-00099-00027243-00027713 information for example what we also see
+N1WglxwN-MU-00100-00027714-00027881 is that there are more increasing
+N1WglxwN-MU-00101-00027882-00028082 omissions and mistakes with increasing
+N1WglxwN-MU-00102-00028083-00028268 fatigue or increasing successive night
+N1WglxwN-MU-00103-00028269-00028475 shifts for example there's a 30%
+N1WglxwN-MU-00104-00028476-00028892 increase of risk on errors in safety
+N1WglxwN-MU-00105-00028893-00029186 basics if you look into three successive
+N1WglxwN-MU-00106-00029187-00029452 markets for example so there are you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00107-00029454-00029780 might miss out information missteps but
+N1WglxwN-MU-00108-00029781-00030167 also forget things or make mistakes in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00109-00030168-00030458 your routine tasks and it's also more
+N1WglxwN-MU-00110-00030458-00030638 difficult when you're really fatigued
+N1WglxwN-MU-00111-00030639-00030835 with having reacting on an unexpected
+N1WglxwN-MU-00112-00030836-00031088 nominal situations because you are not
+N1WglxwN-MU-00113-00031089-00031412 able to react that quickly to non
+N1WglxwN-MU-00114-00031413-00031708 ominous of no normal situational or
+N1WglxwN-MU-00115-00031708-00031939 develop some creative way of how to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00116-00031941-00032288 handle a specific situation there are
+N1WglxwN-MU-00117-00032289-00032515 more but these are more most important
+N1WglxwN-MU-00118-00032516-00032738 ones and this also increases the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00119-00032739-00032965 operational safety risks but also if you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00120-00032966-00033134 look into accumulated fatigue or
+N1WglxwN-MU-00121-00033135-00033419 cumulative sleep depth it also the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00122-00033420-00033731 longer term increases helpful now being
+N1WglxwN-MU-00123-00033732-00034118 issues about being a for example in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00124-00034119-00034411 sleep distortion but also for example in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00125-00034412-00035240 health issues like signature so we can
+N1WglxwN-MU-00126-00035241-00035507 manage fatigue and has also fatigue
+N1WglxwN-MU-00127-00035508-00035870 management regulation coming up and this
+N1WglxwN-MU-00128-00035871-00036065 petite management calculation I guess
+N1WglxwN-MU-00129-00036066-00036500 you all know it's effective from 2020
+N1WglxwN-MU-00130-00036501-00036818 and it's focusing on Iko fatigue
+N1WglxwN-MU-00131-00036819-00036974 management regulation if you look into
+N1WglxwN-MU-00132-00036975-00037343 doc 9 1966 but also specifically NX 11
+N1WglxwN-MU-00133-00037344-00037529 which is focusing more on fatigue
+N1WglxwN-MU-00134-00037530-00037745 management guide for and application
+N1WglxwN-MU-00135-00037746-00037925 self to private which has been developed
+N1WglxwN-MU-00136-00037926-00038324 by counsel and about Karen and km and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00137-00038325-00038615 for our European colleagues there's also
+N1WglxwN-MU-00138-00038616-00038971 a SI regulation in 2017 3 7 3 if you're
+N1WglxwN-MU-00139-00038972-00039165 looking to fatigue and Wellspring
+N1WglxwN-MU-00140-00039166-00039590 requirements that are there and if you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00141-00039591-00039782 look into the characteristics of fatigue
+N1WglxwN-MU-00142-00039783-00040019 management regulations we can define it
+N1WglxwN-MU-00143-00040020-00040463 in 3 3 elements which are a collective
+N1WglxwN-MU-00144-00040464-00040649 France possibility of the regulator a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00145-00040650-00040840 nice piece as well as the individual air
+N1WglxwN-MU-00146-00040841-00041194 traffic controller and if you look into
+N1WglxwN-MU-00147-00041195-00041492 the regulator perspective is more has to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00148-00041493-00041693 do with having work time limits and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00149-00041694-00041921 respira that fit the operation so
+N1WglxwN-MU-00150-00041922-00042179 there's no one set of where timeliness
+N1WglxwN-MU-00151-00042180-00042521 investment market fits every HP but you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00152-00042522-00042788 have to adapt it to the specific
+N1WglxwN-MU-00153-00042789-00043205 situation you're in and these have to do
+N1WglxwN-MU-00154-00043206-00043481 with maximum working hours and the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00155-00043482-00043760 maximum amount of working days but also
+N1WglxwN-MU-00156-00043761-00043976 the maximum time imposition and the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00157-00043977-00044356 minimum duration of rest
+N1WglxwN-MU-00158-00044357-00044639 further the minimum duration of rest
+N1WglxwN-MU-00159-00044640-00044896 between duties and a number of non Duty
+N1WglxwN-MU-00160-00044897-00045083 days that you need in order to restore
+N1WglxwN-MU-00161-00045084-00045315 from fatigue and restore your sleep
+N1WglxwN-MU-00162-00045316-00045611 thank you were missing out during your
+N1WglxwN-MU-00163-00045612-00045956 shift work and additionally yessuh also
+N1WglxwN-MU-00164-00045957-00046217 says that I need to be some regulation
+N1WglxwN-MU-00165-00046218-00046439 on work time limits and rest minima
+N1WglxwN-MU-00166-00046440-00046774 regarding that time
+N1WglxwN-MU-00167-00046775-00047111 another one which is collectively from
+N1WglxwN-MU-00168-00047112-00047451 the regulate resolution speeds that we
+N1WglxwN-MU-00169-00047452-00047808 have some fatigue risk management system
+N1WglxwN-MU-00170-00047809-00048123 and processes there and regulation says
+N1WglxwN-MU-00171-00048124-00048287 that you have to have a fatigue
+N1WglxwN-MU-00172-00048288-00048486 management policy and processes in place
+N1WglxwN-MU-00173-00048487-00048798 in order to how to manage our own
+N1WglxwN-MU-00174-00048799-00049143 fatigue our fatigue of our work staff as
+N1WglxwN-MU-00175-00049144-00049340 well as adequate rostering principles
+N1WglxwN-MU-00176-00049341-00049505 and this is the eloquent rostering
+N1WglxwN-MU-00177-00049506-00049680 principles is really a challenge because
+N1WglxwN-MU-00178-00049681-00049896 that that's where you have to fit in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00179-00049897-00050127 into the actual job here and in the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00180-00050128-00050411 operations room or in the end speed
+N1WglxwN-MU-00181-00050412-00050883 characteristics that are there further
+N1WglxwN-MU-00182-00050884-00051146 it has to do with identification of duty
+N1WglxwN-MU-00183-00051147-00051474 hazards and assessment of these fatigue
+N1WglxwN-MU-00184-00051475-00051629 hazards and the mitigation of the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00185-00051630-00051914 fatigue hazards and promotion and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00186-00051915-00052236 training on fatigue prevention please be
+N1WglxwN-MU-00187-00052237-00052604 developed and if you look more
+N1WglxwN-MU-00188-00052605-00052754 operational in the day-to-day business
+N1WglxwN-MU-00189-00052755-00053061 which is more the daily operation the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00190-00053062-00053244 responsibility of the individual air
+N1WglxwN-MU-00191-00053245-00053409 traffic controller super fighter that's
+N1WglxwN-MU-00192-00053410-00053625 there it's being fit for work and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00193-00053626-00053829 managing your own fatigue but also
+N1WglxwN-MU-00194-00053829-00054104 reporting on fatigue and also monitoring
+N1WglxwN-MU-00195-00054105-00054426 with fatigue levels of work stuff so
+N1WglxwN-MU-00196-00054427-00054605 this really puts a lot of challenges
+N1WglxwN-MU-00197-00054607-00054881 that's there and within each piece
+N1WglxwN-MU-00198-00054882-00055076 there's also also a lot already
+N1WglxwN-MU-00199-00055077-00055313 happening that might not be named as
+N1WglxwN-MU-00200-00055314-00055497 fatigue management but it's very
+N1WglxwN-MU-00201-00055498-00055776 important that we are preparing for the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00202-00055777-00056028 regulation which is coming up but most
+N1WglxwN-MU-00203-00056029-00056201 importantly that we are managing fatigue
+N1WglxwN-MU-00204-00056202-00056719 levels of our web staff
+N1WglxwN-MU-00205-00056720-00056976 so if you're looking to another
+N1WglxwN-MU-00206-00056977-00057162 characteristics of the fatigue
+N1WglxwN-MU-00207-00057163-00057351 management regulation is that there's a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00208-00057352-00057544 clothing level of the fatigue management
+N1WglxwN-MU-00209-00057545-00057750 levels and you might notice from the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00210-00057751-00057906 maturity levels from the safety
+N1WglxwN-MU-00211-00057907-00058251 management system the SMS and this has
+N1WglxwN-MU-00212-00058252-00058431 to do with different levels that you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00213-00058432-00058816 need or that you go into it's more the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00214-00058816-00059007 prescriptive level the reactive level
+N1WglxwN-MU-00215-00059008-00059209 having the prescription for example
+N1WglxwN-MU-00216-00059210-00059386 regarding the work time limits and men's
+N1WglxwN-MU-00217-00059387-00059667 minima and more reactive level is
+N1WglxwN-MU-00218-00059669-00059896 managing your boutique hazards in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00219-00059897-00060172 operation but also a more proactive
+N1WglxwN-MU-00220-00060173-00060426 level looking into trends in fertility
+N1WglxwN-MU-00221-00060427-00060754 and managing your fatigue in a bit of
+N1WglxwN-MU-00222-00060754-00060997 proactive way and the most ultimate
+N1WglxwN-MU-00223-00060998-00061216 level of course is being predictive into
+N1WglxwN-MU-00224-00061216-00061488 T so if you are really preventing
+N1WglxwN-MU-00225-00061489-00061903 fatigue in your work stop and if you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00226-00061904-00062130 look into the characteristics of work
+N1WglxwN-MU-00227-00062132-00062497 regulation requires in how this to be
+N1WglxwN-MU-00228-00062498-00062665 developed it should be based on
+N1WglxwN-MU-00229-00062666-00062854 scientific principles scientific
+N1WglxwN-MU-00230-00062854-00063109 principles of fatigue sleep like a deer
+N1WglxwN-MU-00231-00063110-00063409 it etc but also scientific principles of
+N1WglxwN-MU-00232-00063410-00063625 approaching your fatigue management
+N1WglxwN-MU-00233-00063626-00064116 system there it should be based on
+N1WglxwN-MU-00234-00064117-00064354 operational press practice and best
+N1WglxwN-MU-00235-00064354-00064549 practices that are there for the nails
+N1WglxwN-MU-00236-00064550-00064753 piece or within the community of a nice
+N1WglxwN-MU-00237-00064754-00065050 piece or within Council iocai or in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00238-00065051-00065331 general or even looking my maybe into
+N1WglxwN-MU-00239-00065332-00065512 pilot order domains where we are
+N1WglxwN-MU-00240-00065513-00065982 managing to take as well and further it
+N1WglxwN-MU-00241-00065983-00066211 needs to be evidence based so you need
+N1WglxwN-MU-00242-00066212-00066418 to be double-baked a brief and evidence
+N1WglxwN-MU-00243-00066419-00066616 base you need to have evidence that your
+N1WglxwN-MU-00244-00066617-00066784 fatigue management system the develop
+N1WglxwN-MU-00245-00066785-00067099 time limits are working and this is
+N1WglxwN-MU-00246-00067100-00067303 rather challenged as well because that's
+N1WglxwN-MU-00247-00067304-00067500 a different approach than we are might
+N1WglxwN-MU-00248-00067501-00067668 manage fatigue
+N1WglxwN-MU-00249-00067669-00067994 currently in our system based of the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00250-00067995-00068350 growing we were in the immune system we
+N1WglxwN-MU-00251-00068351-00068707 have so now rofl
+N1WglxwN-MU-00252-00068708-00068896 a lot about how we can approach this
+N1WglxwN-MU-00253-00068897-00069571 challenge yes precisely that's what I'm
+N1WglxwN-MU-00254-00069572-00070162 going to do I want to show you a bit
+N1WglxwN-MU-00255-00070163-00070531 about the approach that we at NLR take
+N1WglxwN-MU-00256-00070532-00070906 to to measure fatigue as already said be
+N1WglxwN-MU-00257-00070907-00071191 aware that every a and B is slightly
+N1WglxwN-MU-00258-00071192-00071538 different it is not so that or aslam
+N1WglxwN-MU-00259-00071539-00071875 approach for every ASP that there is a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00260-00071876-00072169 generic approach towards measuring and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00261-00072170-00072463 assessing fatigue levels and that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00262-00072464-00072649 approach is something that I can I can
+N1WglxwN-MU-00263-00072650-00072991 talk about important to realize is that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00264-00072992-00073375 you need a starting point for this there
+N1WglxwN-MU-00265-00073376-00073696 is definition from ICAO and that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00266-00073697-00073951 definition is also used but they are
+N1WglxwN-MU-00267-00073952-00074335 safe accounts out by us and what you can
+N1WglxwN-MU-00268-00074336-00074581 see is that what they are saying is
+N1WglxwN-MU-00269-00074582-00074920 basically people are reduced mentally or
+N1WglxwN-MU-00270-00074921-00075087 physically with their performance
+N1WglxwN-MU-00271-00075088-00075346 capability and there are two main causes
+N1WglxwN-MU-00272-00075347-00075622 for it one of them has to do with your
+N1WglxwN-MU-00273-00075623-00076057 ability to sleep to rest either by sleep
+N1WglxwN-MU-00274-00076058-00076435 loss or by being awake longer than you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00275-00076436-00076684 want to by being away from your
+N1WglxwN-MU-00276-00076685-00077053 circadian rhythm so basically happen to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00277-00077054-00077224 be awake at the moments that normal
+N1WglxwN-MU-00278-00077225-00077485 people sleep and there is also the other
+N1WglxwN-MU-00279-00077486-00077704 aspect the word loud aspect either
+N1WglxwN-MU-00280-00077705-00078004 mental or physical by working hard to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00281-00078005-00078238 get tired to get fatigued so fatigue has
+N1WglxwN-MU-00282-00078239-00078445 to do with sleep and it has to do with
+N1WglxwN-MU-00283-00078446-00078832 working hard problems can be that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00284-00078833-00079096 alertness might impair and that the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00285-00079097-00079426 performance eventually reduces decreases
+N1WglxwN-MU-00286-00079427-00079807 and all of those aspects are included in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00287-00079808-00080244 our measurements philosophy interests
+N1WglxwN-MU-00288-00080245-00080800 can someone take a picture of this so
+N1WglxwN-MU-00289-00080801-00081328 that is our starting points then the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00290-00081329-00081670 neck oak tree the generic approach that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00291-00081671-00082035 we take home biases a number of steps I
+N1WglxwN-MU-00292-00082036-00082402 think I'm a bit too fast here initially
+N1WglxwN-MU-00293-00082403-00082627 we want to assess the current situation
+N1WglxwN-MU-00294-00082628-00082852 and on the next slide I'm going to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00295-00082853-00083299 explain precisely plum sorry and on the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00296-00083300-00083500 next slide I'm going to explain
+N1WglxwN-MU-00297-00083501-00083749 precisely how that takes place
+N1WglxwN-MU-00298-00083750-00084022 how that assessment is done what type of
+N1WglxwN-MU-00299-00084023-00084325 steps we take but before that imagine
+N1WglxwN-MU-00300-00084326-00084637 that you are able within your name SP to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00301-00084638-00084946 have a good feel for the level of
+N1WglxwN-MU-00302-00084947-00085240 fatigue of your entire population of air
+N1WglxwN-MU-00303-00085241-00085483 traffic controllers if you have that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00304-00085484-00085873 then you can start thinking about which
+N1WglxwN-MU-00305-00085874-00086176 buttons to push with so much not to turn
+N1WglxwN-MU-00306-00086177-00086653 to reduce fatigue levels we think about
+N1WglxwN-MU-00307-00086654-00087058 fatigue in terms of hot spots so are
+N1WglxwN-MU-00308-00087059-00087325 there specific situations in rosters
+N1WglxwN-MU-00309-00087326-00087649 that inherently cause more fatigued than
+N1WglxwN-MU-00310-00087650-00088027 others for example to wake up early and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00311-00088028-00088300 go to bed late and wake up early the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00312-00088301-00088492 next day so that that that shift that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00313-00088493-00088720 not coming in a normal pattern is an
+N1WglxwN-MU-00314-00088721-00089080 common no hot spots in rosters that you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00315-00089081-00089338 can have but that's the truth we along
+N1WglxwN-MU-00316-00089339-00089587 what is more complicated is to identify
+N1WglxwN-MU-00317-00089588-00089851 those hot spots for your specific
+N1WglxwN-MU-00318-00089852-00089941 situation
+N1WglxwN-MU-00319-00089942-00090223 and that is what we do we first assess
+N1WglxwN-MU-00320-00090224-00090559 then we look at the d regulations that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00321-00090560-00090763 that my own explained about earlier and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00322-00090764-00091003 with those two you can start thinking
+N1WglxwN-MU-00323-00091004-00091291 about what they will change then you can
+N1WglxwN-MU-00324-00091292-00091492 find an optimal solution and make
+N1WglxwN-MU-00325-00091493-00091801 adjustments and start running that in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00326-00091802-00092095 your NSP for a couple of months and then
+N1WglxwN-MU-00327-00092096-00092341 to do next assessments and then you can
+N1WglxwN-MU-00328-00092342-00092617 see if you are modification indeed as
+N1WglxwN-MU-00329-00092618-00092911 the effect that you wanted to so that is
+N1WglxwN-MU-00330-00092912-00093184 our very generic high level approach i
+N1WglxwN-MU-00331-00093185-00093415 can only give you a flavor now because I
+N1WglxwN-MU-00332-00093416-00093728 have to finish my talk in five minutes
+N1WglxwN-MU-00333-00093729-00094013 this is the idea that we have done some
+N1WglxwN-MU-00334-00094014-00094397 of that work for an example for for a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00335-00094398-00094619 ASSA we did some work with Airlines of
+N1WglxwN-MU-00336-00094620-00094829 course that is no tane in his piece but
+N1WglxwN-MU-00337-00094830-00095069 in this and it is showing something
+N1WglxwN-MU-00338-00095070-00095444 about our approach but the technique
+N1WglxwN-MU-00339-00095445-00095849 that we use we had 27 Airlines who
+N1WglxwN-MU-00340-00095850-00096122 offered their rostering information for
+N1WglxwN-MU-00341-00096123-00096542 an entire year we had 30,000 pilots and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00342-00096543-00096809 aircrew who built in answer for us and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00343-00096810-00097229 we had numerous pilots and cabin crew
+N1WglxwN-MU-00344-00097230-00097631 who for a period of 10 days get law
+N1WglxwN-MU-00345-00097632-00097865 books in order to provide us with
+N1WglxwN-MU-00346-00097866-00098072 information about when they slept when
+N1WglxwN-MU-00347-00098073-00098348 they woke and so on and so on all of
+N1WglxwN-MU-00348-00098349-00098570 that information was used to identify
+N1WglxwN-MU-00349-00098571-00099118 whether the current regulation for
+N1WglxwN-MU-00350-00099119-00099413 airlines with respect to fatigue levels
+N1WglxwN-MU-00351-00099414-00099782 is sufficient or that there are
+N1WglxwN-MU-00352-00099783-00099944 improvements possible whether there are
+N1WglxwN-MU-00353-00099945-00100151 the so-called hot spots or whether we
+N1WglxwN-MU-00354-00100152-00100439 can do something about them also in the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00355-00100440-00100649 military domain you can exact do exactly
+N1WglxwN-MU-00356-00100650-00100850 the same type of research and we've done
+N1WglxwN-MU-00357-00100851-00101084 that there are people who having to work
+N1WglxwN-MU-00358-00101085-00101660 in shifts who were in different time
+N1WglxwN-MU-00359-00101661-00101891 zones who have to travel back and forth
+N1WglxwN-MU-00360-00101892-00102278 have low working hours and we try to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00361-00102279-00102476 find out are there hot spots in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00362-00102477-00102757 regulations and we could help them at
+N1WglxwN-MU-00363-00102758-00102950 this moment we are even doing some work
+N1WglxwN-MU-00364-00102951-00103183 for an for a nice people that just
+N1WglxwN-MU-00365-00103184-00103346 started and the only thing that I can
+N1WglxwN-MU-00366-00103347-00103558 say about that we are using that same
+N1WglxwN-MU-00367-00103559-00103775 generic approach
+N1WglxwN-MU-00368-00103776-00104150 well then about that measurement
+N1WglxwN-MU-00369-00104151-00104492 campaign then this whole the work that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00370-00104493-00104753 you do how do we measure fatigue in an
+N1WglxwN-MU-00371-00104754-00105070 organization initially you can take
+N1WglxwN-MU-00372-00105071-00105353 three main pillars where is the survey
+N1WglxwN-MU-00373-00105354-00105566 you can ask people to fill in surface
+N1WglxwN-MU-00374-00105567-00105740 and surface provide anecdotal
+N1WglxwN-MU-00375-00105741-00106001 information it is not just rostering it
+N1WglxwN-MU-00376-00106002-00106268 is more than that as my own pointed out
+N1WglxwN-MU-00377-00106269-00106539 there is also for example
+N1WglxwN-MU-00378-00106540-00106824 people live there is also the commuting
+N1WglxwN-MU-00379-00106825-00107043 time all of those things are not
+N1WglxwN-MU-00380-00107044-00107229 included in rosters but they do
+N1WglxwN-MU-00381-00107230-00107493 contributes to feeling fatigued so that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00382-00107494-00107730 is why you want to do a survey first get
+N1WglxwN-MU-00383-00107731-00107982 a picture of the specifics of the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00384-00107983-00108339 organization after that you can go to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00385-00108340-00108525 your measurement campaign and the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00386-00108526-00108744 measurement campaign is basic it has at
+N1WglxwN-MU-00387-00108745-00109017 least a subjective component in it Allah
+N1WglxwN-MU-00388-00109018-00109239 who and then a lot of people can feel it
+N1WglxwN-MU-00389-00109240-00109449 when they sleep when they take their
+N1WglxwN-MU-00390-00109450-00109746 breaks are sleepy they feel during our
+N1WglxwN-MU-00391-00109747-00110033 or during their breaks so that is that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00392-00110034-00110196 sleep part of the definition that I
+N1WglxwN-MU-00393-00110197-00110394 showed you earlier but they can also
+N1WglxwN-MU-00394-00110395-00110688 fill in how did they perceive their task
+N1WglxwN-MU-00395-00110689-00110976 did I experience a lot of work loud how
+N1WglxwN-MU-00396-00110977-00111192 did they find that their traffic loud
+N1WglxwN-MU-00397-00111193-00111429 loss was a complicated traffic loud or
+N1WglxwN-MU-00398-00111430-00111603 simple it's all subjective information
+N1WglxwN-MU-00399-00111604-00111888 that's related to the fatigue level the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00400-00111889-00112140 more fatigued you are the more you feel
+N1WglxwN-MU-00401-00112141-00112385 like oh this is really an I complicated
+N1WglxwN-MU-00402-00112386-00112814 traffic love so that is the local and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00403-00112815-00113292 you can also have some more solid sorry
+N1WglxwN-MU-00404-00113293-00113682 a lot of leeway for the paper-based la
+N1WglxwN-MU-00405-00113683-00113834 Coupole can also be something electronic
+N1WglxwN-MU-00406-00113835-00114066 and happy that that asks you for
+N1WglxwN-MU-00407-00114067-00114273 information at specific moments during
+N1WglxwN-MU-00408-00114274-00114624 the day but there's also sort of
+N1WglxwN-MU-00409-00114625-00114840 psychomotor vigilance tasks it was a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00410-00114841-00115065 kind of an alertness task as I pointed
+N1WglxwN-MU-00411-00115066-00115320 out earlier alertness we use is when
+N1WglxwN-MU-00412-00115321-00115566 people get fatigued so you can have tops
+N1WglxwN-MU-00413-00115567-00115842 in reaction time task and you can ask
+N1WglxwN-MU-00414-00115843-00116007 people to fill that in after their
+N1WglxwN-MU-00415-00116008-00116220 shifts and you will see that if they are
+N1WglxwN-MU-00416-00116221-00116384 more fatigued that their performance is
+N1WglxwN-MU-00417-00116385-00116604 different that gives you objective data
+N1WglxwN-MU-00418-00116605-00117090 on top of your subjective walk further
+N1WglxwN-MU-00419-00117091-00117390 you can also start measuring here for
+N1WglxwN-MU-00420-00117391-00117570 example with an affiliate with Afghan
+N1WglxwN-MU-00421-00117571-00117659 Tibetan
+N1WglxwN-MU-00422-00117660-00117855 active arts with an ultimatum filled
+N1WglxwN-MU-00423-00117856-00118140 with you can measure when people really
+N1WglxwN-MU-00424-00118141-00118433 sleep and also sleep during the day take
+N1WglxwN-MU-00425-00118434-00118620 the nap during their breaks so you can
+N1WglxwN-MU-00426-00118621-00118869 objective data and the subjective data
+N1WglxwN-MU-00427-00118870-00119049 or quote they'll talk about the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00428-00119050-00119241 vigilance tasks and activity tracking
+N1WglxwN-MU-00429-00119242-00119442 can be added to the subjective lock off
+N1WglxwN-MU-00430-00119443-00119676 to give you a complete picture
+N1WglxwN-MU-00431-00119677-00119931 this is subjective sorry
+N1WglxwN-MU-00432-00119932-00120255 these two are subjective are objective
+N1WglxwN-MU-00433-00120256-00120402 and who is it
+N1WglxwN-MU-00434-00120403-00120795 Arco you can choose sorry and subjective
+N1WglxwN-MU-00435-00120796-00120945 that is something that you cannot avoid
+N1WglxwN-MU-00436-00120946-00121349 it should always need then the rosters
+N1WglxwN-MU-00437-00121350-00121581 measurement campaign can only take a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00438-00121582-00121752 limited amount of time you can ask
+N1WglxwN-MU-00439-00121753-00122004 people for two weeks or three weeks to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00440-00122005-00122223 report how they feel not for an entire
+N1WglxwN-MU-00441-00122224-00122400 year so if you want to get a more
+N1WglxwN-MU-00442-00122401-00122633 complete picture you can ask for the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00443-00122634-00122884 rosters and the rosters can be analyzed
+N1WglxwN-MU-00444-00122885-00123279 and that will for example without in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00445-00123280-00123504 so-called bio mathematical models bio
+N1WglxwN-MU-00446-00123505-00123747 mathematical models are software tools
+N1WglxwN-MU-00447-00123748-00124184 that can find out what the where the hot
+N1WglxwN-MU-00448-00124185-00124430 spots are they can help you point at
+N1WglxwN-MU-00449-00124431-00124685 situations from which we know these are
+N1WglxwN-MU-00450-00124686-00125022 difficult for human subjects to stay
+N1WglxwN-MU-00451-00125023-00125241 alert in a way and point them out in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00452-00125242-00125486 your Auster's and these can help you to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00453-00125488-00125727 adjust your rosters in the right way if
+N1WglxwN-MU-00454-00125728-00125952 you have all of this information survey
+N1WglxwN-MU-00455-00125953-00126216 data measurement data and roster data
+N1WglxwN-MU-00456-00126217-00126549 you can start looping at one part for my
+N1WglxwN-MU-00457-00126550-00126800 organization the factors that comes and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00458-00126801-00127098 you can start to turn the knobs I push
+N1WglxwN-MU-00459-00127099-00127475 the buttons to adjust and if you do that
+N1WglxwN-MU-00460-00127476-00127926 you can optimize your roster I only gave
+N1WglxwN-MU-00461-00127927-00128124 you a flavor of what we can do because
+N1WglxwN-MU-00462-00128125-00128309 of the time but I hope that I was able
+N1WglxwN-MU-00463-00128310-00128664 to give you at least a feel for how we
+N1WglxwN-MU-00464-00128665-00129075 approach this I think that what you have
+N1WglxwN-MU-00465-00129076-00129249 heard today from us is on the one hand
+N1WglxwN-MU-00466-00129250-00129492 what fatigue is that the tip is
+N1WglxwN-MU-00467-00129493-00129734 something that is important that there
+N1WglxwN-MU-00468-00129735-00129996 is regulation on there way that people
+N1WglxwN-MU-00469-00129997-00130278 can measure fatigue and that you can do
+N1WglxwN-MU-00470-00130279-00130458 something about it that it makes sense
+N1WglxwN-MU-00471-00130458-00130746 to start measuring and to start turning
+N1WglxwN-MU-00472-00130747-00131045 knobs in order to get nice and smooth
+N1WglxwN-MU-00473-00131046-00131394 fatigue levels and alert people in your
+N1WglxwN-MU-00474-00131395-00131673 organization
+N1WglxwN-MU-00475-00131674-00131920 if you want to talk further it is we are
+N1WglxwN-MU-00476-00131921-00132271 boot mantra one looks like that on the
+N1WglxwN-MU-00477-00132272-00132484 picture give us also the contact
+N1WglxwN-MU-00478-00132485-00132816 information of both my own and me and we
+N1WglxwN-MU-00479-00132817-00132997 also put our contact information all
+N1WglxwN-MU-00480-00132998-00133212 almost all the seats here so if you have
+N1WglxwN-MU-00481-00133213-00133386 further questions we would really be
+N1WglxwN-MU-00482-00133387-00133662 happy to have talked with you but if you
+N1WglxwN-MU-00483-00133663-00133848 have questions now we have still got a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00484-00133849-00134110 couple of minutes left we would be very
+N1WglxwN-MU-00485-00134111-00134549 happy to answer those
+N1WglxwN-MU-00486-00134550-00135115 what I so crystal clear well
+N1WglxwN-MU-00487-00135116-00135433 if that is the case thank you very much
+N1WglxwN-MU-00488-00135434-00135676 for your attention and hope to talk to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00489-00135677-00136570 you my name is Sarah Olson I work for
+N1WglxwN-MU-00490-00136571-00136818 the Dutch national aerospace center
+N1WglxwN-MU-00491-00136819-00137050 amongst all those a fatigue researcher
+N1WglxwN-MU-00492-00137051-00137269 there were two questions asked about
+N1WglxwN-MU-00493-00137270-00137686 fatigue and one of the questions was is
+N1WglxwN-MU-00494-00137687-00138103 it so that people when they work in
+N1WglxwN-MU-00495-00138104-00138178 shifts
+N1WglxwN-MU-00496-00138179-00138582 how long can shift normally take and
+N1WglxwN-MU-00497-00138583-00138952 brief can break be it was a bit of a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00498-00138953-00139258 complicated question and I think there's
+N1WglxwN-MU-00499-00139259-00139516 no straight answer to give we cannot say
+N1WglxwN-MU-00500-00139517-00139876 people can only work so many hours in a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00501-00139877-00140119 row we know that it is feasible to work
+N1WglxwN-MU-00502-00140120-00140425 for 12 hours in a row but not every day
+N1WglxwN-MU-00503-00140426-00140665 day after day after day there needs to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00504-00140666-00140905 be some breaks and my main message is
+N1WglxwN-MU-00505-00140906-00141223 researchers you should study exactly
+N1WglxwN-MU-00506-00141224-00141601 what the task is what worked out is how
+N1WglxwN-MU-00507-00141602-00141865 much sleep people get and use all of
+N1WglxwN-MU-00508-00141866-00142138 that and bring that together in order to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00509-00142139-00142624 establish how long should be and how
+N1WglxwN-MU-00510-00142625-00143080 long workday or work week would be yeah
+N1WglxwN-MU-00511-00143081-00143395 that too is an extremely complicated
+N1WglxwN-MU-00512-00143396-00143743 question to answer here actually it is
+N1WglxwN-MU-00513-00143744-00143977 the same it's the same kind of answer as
+N1WglxwN-MU-00514-00143978-00144418 I gave you earlier for some tasks a
+N1WglxwN-MU-00515-00144419-00145045 limited break is sufficient to redo to
+N1WglxwN-MU-00516-00145046-00145363 regain your awareness to regain your
+N1WglxwN-MU-00517-00145364-00145771 performance but just like with our long
+N1WglxwN-MU-00518-00145772-00146101 people can work we need to find out what
+N1WglxwN-MU-00519-00146102-00146350 the task is that people are executing
+N1WglxwN-MU-00520-00146351-00146659 and how long they execute this task how
+N1WglxwN-MU-00521-00146660-00146941 long their normal weekend's evening
+N1WglxwN-MU-00522-00146942-00147232 breaks are and all of this influences
+N1WglxwN-MU-00523-00147233-00147583 the length of the short leg
+N5gSJhHThF8-00000-00000043-00001021 [Music]
+N5gSJhHThF8-00001-00001022-00002126 [Music]
+N5gSJhHThF8-00002-00002127-00002573 do
+N5gSJhHThF8-00003-00002574-00003102 [Music]
+N5gSJhHThF8-00004-00003103-00004476 [Music]
+N5gSJhHThF8-00005-00004477-00005495 [Music]
+N5gSJhHThF8-00006-00005496-00006187 [Music]
+N5gSJhHThF8-00007-00006188-00008469 [Music]
+N5gSJhHThF8-00008-00008470-00009435 [Music]
+N5gSJhHThF8-00009-00009436-00010481 [Music]
+N5gSJhHThF8-00011-00014976-00015184 you
+N6dKh26an_M-00000-00000134-00000436 - [__] right welcome back fight today
+N6dKh26an_M-00001-00000437-00000634 I'm what are we talking about it's a
+N6dKh26an_M-00002-00000635-00000890 little budget pick up this sleeping bag
+N6dKh26an_M-00003-00000891-00001169 it's called the wali sweep them up so
+N6dKh26an_M-00004-00001170-00001462 check it out and enjoy
+N6dKh26an_M-00005-00001463-00003169 [Music]
+N6dKh26an_M-00006-00003170-00003533 so guys like this that today what before
+N6dKh26an_M-00007-00003534-00003736 we go anywhere this mark waist under for
+N6dKh26an_M-00008-00003738-00004015 under 500 gram it's really like there's
+N6dKh26an_M-00009-00004017-00004277 a to choose way valve so you can push
+N6dKh26an_M-00010-00004278-00004397 you push it oh into it straight away
+N6dKh26an_M-00011-00004398-00004553 then you have to close that one and then
+N6dKh26an_M-00012-00004554-00004883 you open the airborne up to push more
+N6dKh26an_M-00013-00004884-00005039 wherein it doesn't let all the way to
+N6dKh26an_M-00014-00005040-00005312 the air leak out so you know blow it to
+N6dKh26an_M-00015-00005313-00005783 a heart attack I mean if you need to
+N6dKh26an_M-00016-00005784-00005921 take it out you could just if you need
+N6dKh26an_M-00017-00005922-00006104 to flick it you pop up well now have it
+N6dKh26an_M-00018-00006105-00006334 just that's all the era automatically
+N6dKh26an_M-00019-00006335-00006692 it's got a built-in pin up it's pulling
+N6dKh26an_M-00020-00006693-00007339 mat as you can see all eight so that's
+N6dKh26an_M-00021-00007340-00007673 the pillow head it's non tastic I'm
+N6dKh26an_M-00022-00007673-00007831 going to no I'm going to now put it
+N6dKh26an_M-00023-00007833-00008069 together not put together but blow it up
+N6dKh26an_M-00024-00008070-00008261 show you what it's like when it's all
+N6dKh26an_M-00025-00008262-00008606 blown up and so yeah and I'll leave a
+N6dKh26an_M-00026-00008607-00008786 link in the description hub how much I
+N6dKh26an_M-00027-00008787-00008987 paid for it I think I've paid under 17
+N6dKh26an_M-00028-00008988-00009380 pounds for this it's something better
+N6dKh26an_M-00029-00009381-00009641 than the bangle one I had before more
+N6dKh26an_M-00030-00009642-00009833 potato were to go it now so like the
+N6dKh26an_M-00031-00009834-00010109 furnace it's more comfortable it's a lot
+N6dKh26an_M-00032-00010110-00010298 of fun I think we have to make sure how
+N6dKh26an_M-00033-00010299-00010702 many inches it is in death see how deep
+N6dKh26an_M-00034-00010703-00011092 it is so yeah so stay with me see it a
+N6dKh26an_M-00035-00011093-00011416 bit like nice this is coax up now
+N6dKh26an_M-00036-00011417-00011756 there's the find of the map there's the
+N6dKh26an_M-00037-00011757-00011923 valve I'm talking about oh you can see
+N6dKh26an_M-00038-00011924-00012467 it doesn't leak you can just push that
+N6dKh26an_M-00039-00012468-00012871 one closed it is quite to me is quite
+N6dKh26an_M-00040-00012872-00013034 difficult sometimes it depends woof
+N6dKh26an_M-00041-00013035-00013118 bring them in
+N6dKh26an_M-00042-00013119-00013394 so yeah but sometimes they don't even
+N6dKh26an_M-00043-00013394-00013583 close up off because it doesn't leak
+N6dKh26an_M-00044-00013584-00013703 even when I'm lying on it it doesn't
+N6dKh26an_M-00045-00013704-00013928 leak so there's the whole length as you
+N6dKh26an_M-00046-00013929-00014353 can see that's a decent sized pillow
+N6dKh26an_M-00047-00014354-00014544 decent sized pillow
+N6dKh26an_M-00048-00014546-00014921 decent thing yes it is all moved up
+N6dKh26an_M-00049-00014922-00015463 because I do use this one a lot yeah it
+N6dKh26an_M-00050-00015463-00015611 fantastic piece of kit
+N6dKh26an_M-00051-00015612-00015797 I like this one a lot
+N6dKh26an_M-00052-00015799-00016128 I did buy this one for dopey dog hard to
+N6dKh26an_M-00053-00016129-00016401 believe but now I've taxed it for myself
+N6dKh26an_M-00054-00016402-00016650 I do use the OEX
+N6dKh26an_M-00055-00016651-00016863 mat still I have got that one as well
+N6dKh26an_M-00056-00016864-00017016 that when there's a lot more money than
+N6dKh26an_M-00057-00017017-00017145 this one that when there's double the
+N6dKh26an_M-00058-00017146-00017439 price of this one and sometimes I do use
+N6dKh26an_M-00059-00017440-00017799 and open them together so yeah this is
+N6dKh26an_M-00060-00017800-00017973 the closeup of it as you can see it is a
+N6dKh26an_M-00061-00017974-00018282 grid it's a good thing
+N6dKh26an_M-00062-00018283-00018513 so you I've got grids and you I've got
+N6dKh26an_M-00063-00018514-00018753 this thing in the middle it's a good
+N6dKh26an_M-00064-00018754-00018987 comfortable I've stepped on rocks and
+N6dKh26an_M-00065-00018988-00019212 this when me and potato head went to the
+N6dKh26an_M-00066-00019213-00019557 blacks inky camp out one couple of times
+N6dKh26an_M-00067-00019558-00019833 this is the mat I've used I have used
+N6dKh26an_M-00068-00019834-00020052 the old or ex1 as I said but this is
+N6dKh26an_M-00069-00020053-00020316 woman what I mainly used now I won't
+N6dKh26an_M-00070-00020317-00020657 show you the slick system I go through
+N6dKh26an_M-00071-00020658-00020874 like awfully the bowel properly now
+N6dKh26an_M-00072-00020875-00021081 right as you can see if I take my own
+N6dKh26an_M-00073-00021082-00021486 click yeah you can see nothing
+N6dKh26an_M-00074-00021487-00021843 don't leak but if I clip oh you can see
+N6dKh26an_M-00075-00021844-00022062 the whole thing goes down and it goes
+N6dKh26an_M-00076-00022063-00022311 down quite quick you know no one
+N6dKh26an_M-00077-00022312-00022452 realizes oh quick this actually goes
+N6dKh26an_M-00078-00022453-00022629 down unless you call it you can buy a
+N6dKh26an_M-00079-00022630-00023016 pump for this I haven't got a pump
+N6dKh26an_M-00080-00023017-00023361 I'm FEMA buying the pump but you can see
+N6dKh26an_M-00081-00023362-00023649 it's the same type of bow I think what's
+N6dKh26an_M-00082-00023650-00024198 on the OE x1 but yeah it's a good thing
+N6dKh26an_M-00083-00024199-00024453 go as I said this one here ghost weigh
+N6dKh26an_M-00084-00024454-00024702 about 500 grams so a year's light as
+N6dKh26an_M-00085-00024703-00025302 well at the same time I do like this one
+N6dKh26an_M-00086-00025303-00025596 a lot I do prefer this one at the moment
+N6dKh26an_M-00087-00025597-00025853 I'm not gonna go out and buy another map
+N6dKh26an_M-00088-00025854-00026043 because I don't think I need to as I
+N6dKh26an_M-00089-00026044-00026223 said sometimes I do take this one plus
+N6dKh26an_M-00090-00026224-00026364 the oex work and I'm stupidly
+N6dKh26an_M-00091-00026364-00026610 comfortable so yeah well I'm gonna leave
+N6dKh26an_M-00092-00026611-00026754 you there guys thank you very much for
+N6dKh26an_M-00093-00026755-00027095 watching and if you liked the video
+N6dKh26an_M-00094-00027097-00027336 please give it a massive thumbs up if
+N6dKh26an_M-00095-00027337-00027489 you didn't like a video please let me
+N6dKh26an_M-00096-00027489-00027636 know if you wanna put the thumbs down
+N6dKh26an_M-00097-00027637-00028035 police do I'm not fussed um nice is it I
+N6dKh26an_M-00098-00028036-00028202 will leave a link in the description
+N6dKh26an_M-00099-00028204-00028416 where I got my thumb I did buy mine from
+N6dKh26an_M-00100-00028417-00028727 eBay at UK so do apologize you guys in
+N6dKh26an_M-00101-00028729-00029095 America and Canada and Australia and
+N6dKh26an_M-00102-00029096-00029338 everywhere else in the world in Europe I
+N6dKh26an_M-00103-00029339-00029594 do shop a lot I do buy a lot of things
+N6dKh26an_M-00104-00029595-00029849 on eBay at UK instead of eBay calm
+N6dKh26an_M-00105-00029850-00030059 because they said it they send it to us
+N6dKh26an_M-00106-00030060-00030257 eBay calm hard to believe
+N6dKh26an_M-00107-00030258-00030455 no I'm saying so doesn't get sent to us
+N6dKh26an_M-00108-00030456-00030785 so yeah right thank you very much and
+N6dKh26an_M-00109-00030786-00031042 we'll see you soon bye bye
+N6dKh26an_M-00110-00031043-00032182 [Music]
+N6dKh26an_M-00111-00032183-00032552 one before one I leave any links link
+N6dKh26an_M-00112-00032552-00032699 I'm even in the description it's not for
+N6dKh26an_M-00113-00032700-00032852 this map but it's one similar to this
+N6dKh26an_M-00114-00032853-00032981 much it's just a different name of the
+N6dKh26an_M-00115-00032982-00033377 company okay so thank you
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00000-00000008-00000127 ever since the day i really got the
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00001-00000128-00000286 phone number of my crush i always
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00002-00000287-00000495 daydream that not too how to impress on
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00003-00000496-00000678 a text but what does a phone number
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00004-00000679-00000919 actually means and as cheesy as it might
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00005-00000919-00001127 sound this indeed is a topic of today's
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00006-00001128-00001287 video that what does phone number
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00007-00001288-00001519 actually means and why you always can't
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00008-00001520-00001655 seem to get the number of your own
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00009-00001655-00001871 choice let's take an example nine nine
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00010-00001872-00002055 eight eight seven seven six six five i
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00011-00002056-00002279 mean that would be totally awesome and
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00012-00002280-00002502 why is it not possible we're gonna dive
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00013-00002503-00002710 exactly into this topic now to be
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00014-00002711-00002902 precise this video is in context with
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00015-00002903-00003079 indian phone numbers so if you are from
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00016-00003080-00003359 us uk canada australia this video may
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00017-00003360-00003543 not be much more helpful but if you are
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00018-00003544-00003735 interested in knowing more about indian
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00019-00003736-00003886 phone number then please continue
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00020-00003887-00004135 watching this video now india is a huge
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00021-00004136-00004383 country talking about geographical size
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00022-00004384-00004591 its seventh largest country in the world
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00023-00004592-00004783 and managing such a huge portion of
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00024-00004784-00005054 india is not an easy task so we need to
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00025-00005055-00005270 split all of the landmarks into various
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00026-00005271-00005511 administrative level beat national beach
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00027-00005512-00005775 state be district be it cities beat
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00028-00005776-00005959 rural beat municipality i mean you get
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00029-00005960-00006191 the point and simply goes for telecom
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00030-00006192-00006422 industry in india telecom industry can
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00031-00006423-00006631 be divided into four telecom areas that
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00032-00006631-00006863 is circle a circle b circle c and circle
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00033-00006864-00007070 d that is metropolitan area that
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00034-00007072-00007310 includes mumbai ghillie kolkata and
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00035-00007311-00007495 chennai and if you further divide down
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00036-00007495-00007687 this area into multiple chunks you will
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00037-00007688-00007919 get 23 telecom circles in india
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00038-00007920-00008207 we have airtel we have jio we have bsn
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00039-00008208-00008391 land we have
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00040-00008392-00008574 vodafone idea as our telecom carrier
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00041-00008575-00008759 itself and each of them have been
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00042-00008760-00008903 regulated by telecom regulatory
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00043-00008904-00009095 authority of india that is try and that
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00044-00009096-00009351 is the department of telecommunication
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00045-00009352-00009527 now you might question what does it have
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00046-00009528-00009791 in contacts with phone number well quite
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00047-00009792-00010006 a lot but before moving on towards it
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00048-00010007-00010142 you might question that why do we even
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00049-00010143-00010399 have a 10 digit number why can't we have
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00050-00010400-00010671 8 9 or 11 digit number like what china
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00051-00010672-00010871 has the 10 digit number is in the
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00052-00010872-00011071 creation of national numbering plan
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00053-00011072-00011263 which was introduced by government of
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00054-00011264-00011455 india back in 2003.
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00055-00011456-00011574 if you do the permutations and
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00056-00011575-00011751 combination correctly you will get a 10
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00057-00011752-00011967 billion combination for 10 billion phone
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00058-00011968-00012214 number which is a lot of phone number
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00059-00012215-00012503 and the population of world is 7.5
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00060-00012504-00012670 billion if i'm not wrong and the
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00061-00012671-00012927 population of videos right now is around
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00062-00012928-00013166 1.3 billion and half of them are really
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00063-00013168-00013358 using right now the phone number
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00064-00013359-00013575 which is a lot more number to just you
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00065-00013576-00013663 know
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00066-00013663-00013847 to exhaust that limit of 10 billion
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00067-00013847-00013958 combination
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00068-00013959-00014119 we'll talk about iot devices later
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00069-00014119-00014303 because that is much more critical point
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00070-00014304-00014479 and now do we understand the logistics
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00071-00014480-00014655 of the phone number and how it's been
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00072-00014656-00014807 allocated throughout the country to
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00073-00014808-00015022 various operators by the government of
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00074-00015023-00015191 india we need to look over to this
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00075-00015191-00015366 wikipedia article what that really means
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00076-00015368-00015543 is that number will start from nine zero
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00077-00015544-00015766 zero up to double line double nine which
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00078-00015768-00015991 is just short from ten thousand
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00079-00015991-00016222 so as the number really goes on as the
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00080-00016223-00016422 slot all of them fell together
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00081-00016423-00016575 the series of eight really began the
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00082-00016576-00016767 series of seven also began and g also
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00083-00016768-00016950 introduced a series of six
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00084-00016951-00017119 which most of them is pretty much empty
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00085-00017120-00017279 and there are a couple of slots of
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00086-00017280-00017494 airtel as well now this chart may look a
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00087-00017495-00017655 little bit intimidating for a while but
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00088-00017656-00017807 it's really simple
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00089-00017808-00017958 what it essentially says that just by
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00090-00017959-00018094 looking at the first four date of the
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00091-00018095-00018303 number you can essentially tell that to
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00092-00018304-00018471 which operator does this number belong
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00093-00018472-00018630 whether it's of jio whether it's of
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00094-00018631-00018999 airtel whether it's of uh v or bsnl but
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00095-00019000-00019143 this rule doesn't really apply if you
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00096-00019144-00019447 have ported your number from nhl to bsl
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00097-00019448-00019727 or g or whatever might be the case so if
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00098-00019728-00019903 you have not switched your number this
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00099-00019904-00020039 rule will really apply to those
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00100-00020040-00020175 conditions
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00101-00020176-00020335 let's take our example which we have
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00102-00020336-00020519 mentioned in the thumbnail seven seven
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00103-00020520-00020694 five seven triple one triple one now
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00104-00020695-00020847 this sounds like a fancy number and
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00105-00020848-00021094 indeed it is this number has been
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00106-00021095-00021303 managed by airtel in the area of
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00107-00021304-00021622 maharashtra and gova now for example if
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00108-00021623-00021863 you are from rajasthan if you are from
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00109-00021864-00022086 kerala or if you are from tamil nadu
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00110-00022087-00022191 instance
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00111-00022192-00022330 and in that case you really want the
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00112-00022331-00022639 7757 you just can't get over there
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00113-00022640-00022799 either you have to come to maharashtra
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00114-00022800-00022983 physically or you have to tell your
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00115-00022984-00023183 relative who happen to live in
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00116-00023184-00023430 maharashtra or goa and tell them hey
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00117-00023431-00023719 just get a number which starts from 7757
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00118-00023720-00023847 which is
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00119-00023848-00024078 a bit impractical which is not really
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00120-00024079-00024286 much more viable considering that you
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00121-00024287-00024471 just need to buy a phone number and no
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00122-00024472-00024663 one really does that and similarly the
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00123-00024664-00024814 number triple nine triple line is
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00124-00024815-00025063 managed by vodafone idea in delhi and
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00125-00025064-00025222 the number seven five eight seven has
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00126-00025223-00025486 been managed by bsnl in madhya pradesh
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00127-00025487-00025790 and 7020 is managed by jio in
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00128-00025791-00026022 maharashtra and goa and this essentially
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00129-00026023-00026223 explains you why you always can't seem
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00130-00026224-00026414 to get a lucky number or vip number of
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00131-00026416-00026631 your own choice it's always been
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00132-00026632-00026862 restricted by the geographical area by
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00133-00026863-00027102 the geographical circle by the telecom
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00134-00027104-00027383 operator let's say the 7757 has been
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00135-00027383-00027518 managed by
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00136-00027519-00027695 airtel and if you hate it and if you
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00137-00027695-00027918 want that number from jio or vodafone id
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00138-00027919-00028199 or bsnl they just can't give you that
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00139-00028200-00028414 number has been specifically allocated
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00140-00028416-00028702 to airtel in this area of maharashtra
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00141-00028704-00028814 and goa
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00142-00028816-00028974 so if you happen to be somewhere like
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00143-00028975-00029167 what i previously mentioned you just
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00144-00029168-00029358 can't seem to get that
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00145-00029360-00029511 so that is the permutation combination
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00146-00029512-00029670 that you need to just kind of really
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00147-00029672-00029846 figure out but this was just about
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00148-00029847-00030023 mobile phone numbers what about other
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00149-00030024-00030239 devices what about iot devices like
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00150-00030239-00030495 security cameras heaters
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00151-00030495-00030639 smart fridges
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00152-00030639-00030887 wi-fi dongle wi-fi hotspot
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00153-00030888-00031118 ev connectivity which measured let's say
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00154-00031119-00031358 ether ola are coming with their own ev
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00155-00031360-00031607 connectivity in which the internet is
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00156-00031608-00031807 just built in their scooter so that it
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00157-00031808-00031974 can really effectively communicate with
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00158-00031975-00032287 your smartphone itself so in that case
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00159-00032288-00032462 instead of having a 10 digit number
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00160-00032463-00032590 which will really
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00161-00032591-00032855 quickly exhaust that 10 billion number
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00162-00032856-00033087 government of india decided that for all
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00163-00033088-00033279 of these devices be it iot be it other
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00164-00033280-00033471 purpose which are not intended for human
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00165-00033472-00033743 purpose we will allocate them a 13 digit
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00166-00033744-00033951 number so that they won't really mix and
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00167-00033952-00034167 interfere with this 10 billion limited
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00168-00034168-00034335 number which is intended for human
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00169-00034336-00034439 purpose
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00170-00034440-00034623 and this video wouldn't be complete if i
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00171-00034624-00034799 don't talk about telephone numbers now
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00172-00034800-00034951 frankly i know no one really use
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00173-00034952-00035095 telephone numbers it's kind of really
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00174-00035096-00035327 obsolete but you'll be surprised that a
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00175-00035328-00035630 lot of companies a lot of hospitals a
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00176-00035631-00035830 lot of local shops actually you do use
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00177-00035831-00035951 telephones
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00178-00035952-00036143 so the rules for telephone numbers are
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00179-00036144-00036311 bit relaxed and they really heavily
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00180-00036312-00036590 depend upon the area code and each area
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00181-00036591-00036846 has its own calling code so let's take
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00182-00036847-00037095 for example the tier 1 tier 2 and 383
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00183-00037096-00037230 cities have their various telephone
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00184-00037231-00037351 calling code
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00185-00037352-00037590 take for example 2 0 which is given to
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00186-00037591-00037990 pune 2 2 or 22 which is given to mumbai
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00187-00037991-00038327 same goes for delhi hyderabad and other
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00188-00038328-00038543 areas so the first prefix will be a
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00189-00038544-00038807 calling code so every every telephone
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00190-00038808-00038943 number starts with the number zero
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00191-00038944-00039030 because
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00192-00039031-00039199 zero kind of really indicates that you
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00193-00039200-00039311 really want to
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00194-00039312-00039479 connect with all of the devices which
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00195-00039480-00039711 are in india itself so the number starts
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00196-00039712-00039951 with zero followed by the calling code
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00197-00039952-00040111 and followed by the prefix of the
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00198-00040112-00040351 telecom code so after your area code if
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00199-00040352-00040487 the number of the telephone number
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00200-00040488-00040727 starts with two then that's number is
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00201-00040728-00041055 probably managed by bsl and mtna
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00202-00041056-00041207 and if the number is three then that
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00203-00041208-00041407 number is managed by reliance four is
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00204-00041408-00041543 for airtel
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00205-00041544-00041846 five is for mts i think mts is died
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00206-00041847-00042158 right now six is for tata and seven is
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00207-00042159-00042318 for data com solution i don't know which
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00208-00042319-00042551 company it is but apparently this is
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00209-00042552-00042718 what the trend is
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00210-00042719-00042967 so that's all about telephone numbers i
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00211-00042968-00043230 hope you have seemed to like this video
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00212-00043231-00043446 consider subscribing to this channel
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00213-00043447-00043615 share this video to all of your friends
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00214-00043616-00043767 if you have found this
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00215-00043768-00043967 video valuable let them know that what
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00216-00043968-00044158 that phone number actually means
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00217-00044159-00044279 with that said
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00218-00044280-00044430 stay connected and i'll see you in the
+N6Ax3cD6B4u-00219-00044431-00044719 next video
+N79dl43ULVo-00000-00000006-00001102 I welcome to TWU our Facebook life so I
+N79dl43ULVo-00001-00001103-00001702 hope that you all can see me clear hear
+N79dl43ULVo-00002-00001703-00002066 me clear always is a question of
+N79dl43ULVo-00003-00002067-00002300 internet connection how good it is so
+N79dl43ULVo-00004-00002301-00002729 let me know that you all see me and hear
+N79dl43ULVo-00005-00002730-00003871 me okay
+N79dl43ULVo-00006-00003872-00004798 hi everybody greetings wonderful so yeah
+N79dl43ULVo-00007-00004799-00005107 so it cannot be so good so I think it's
+N79dl43ULVo-00008-00005108-00005317 good enough probably it's okay so as
+N79dl43ULVo-00009-00005318-00005755 long as it's working it's good when it
+N79dl43ULVo-00010-00005756-00006112 stopped it's good too so it's okay so we
+N79dl43ULVo-00011-00006113-00006731 have been talking about three principal
+N79dl43ULVo-00012-00006733-00007077 practices or the pith instructions
+N79dl43ULVo-00013-00007078-00007363 related with the body related with the
+N79dl43ULVo-00014-00007364-00007693 speech related with the mind so we
+N79dl43ULVo-00015-00007694-00007884 talked about it
+N79dl43ULVo-00016-00007884-00008125 discovering the dance of the stillness
+N79dl43ULVo-00017-00008126-00008524 we talked about finding the melody in
+N79dl43ULVo-00018-00008525-00009031 silence so tonight or this morning is
+N79dl43ULVo-00019-00009032-00009187 the one o'clock in the morning here so
+N79dl43ULVo-00020-00009188-00009385 so this morning we're going to talk
+N79dl43ULVo-00021-00009386-00009715 about embracing the warmth of
+N79dl43ULVo-00022-00009716-00010180 spaciousness so discovering the dance of
+N79dl43ULVo-00023-00010181-00010531 the stillness finding the melody in
+N79dl43ULVo-00024-00010532-00010978 silence embracing the warmth of
+N79dl43ULVo-00025-00010979-00011536 spaciousness so so basically what does
+N79dl43ULVo-00026-00011537-00011971 this mean is most of the time when we
+N79dl43ULVo-00027-00011972-00012274 engage in meditation through our body
+N79dl43ULVo-00028-00012275-00012646 through our speech through our mind when
+N79dl43ULVo-00029-00012647-00012844 we engage with the meditation in the
+N79dl43ULVo-00030-00012844-00013333 stillness silence spaciousness I think
+N79dl43ULVo-00031-00013334-00013582 most of the most of the tradition when
+N79dl43ULVo-00032-00013583-00013861 people engage in meditation in some
+N79dl43ULVo-00033-00013862-00014182 sense this is what they are trying to do
+N79dl43ULVo-00034-00014183-00014403 is entering into one of these three
+N79dl43ULVo-00035-00014404-00014734 tools and experience the deep deep
+N79dl43ULVo-00036-00014735-00014965 experiences of the stillness silence and
+N79dl43ULVo-00037-00014966-00015337 spaciousness so sometimes what will
+N79dl43ULVo-00038-00015338-00015825 happen is people begin to feel like
+N79dl43ULVo-00039-00015826-00016372 absence of things so stillness is no
+N79dl43ULVo-00040-00016372-00016675 action basically immediately they think
+N79dl43ULVo-00041-00016676-00017032 that way the silence means no
+N79dl43ULVo-00042-00017033-00017153 communication no
+N79dl43ULVo-00043-00017154-00017591 speech no voices no sound absence of all
+N79dl43ULVo-00044-00017592-00017900 those and then when we think about the
+N79dl43ULVo-00045-00017901-00018109 spaciousness of the mind or the
+N79dl43ULVo-00046-00018110-00018361 consciousness we immediately think about
+N79dl43ULVo-00047-00018362-00018755 not heart no feelings no recollection no
+N79dl43ULVo-00048-00018756-00019108 reflections no contemplations so somehow
+N79dl43ULVo-00049-00019109-00019459 immediately things like a it's like some
+N79dl43ULVo-00050-00019460-00019783 sense of being immediately like a frozen
+N79dl43ULVo-00051-00019784-00020114 like your body is kind of stiff and
+N79dl43ULVo-00052-00020115-00020578 frozen your mind speech is quite frozen
+N79dl43ULVo-00053-00020579-00020917 your mind is not thinking not feeling
+N79dl43ULVo-00054-00020918-00021250 quite and frozen but that is not the
+N79dl43ULVo-00055-00021251-00021490 case so that the most important part is
+N79dl43ULVo-00056-00021491-00022142 here is that is not the case in a way is
+N79dl43ULVo-00057-00022143-00022572 the opposite and so I think very
+N79dl43ULVo-00058-00022573-00022903 frequently when people engage in these
+N79dl43ULVo-00059-00022904-00023267 three different meditations people do
+N79dl43ULVo-00060-00023268-00023533 maybe begin to feel like a little bit
+N79dl43ULVo-00061-00023534-00024011 like a stiff control lack of energy lack
+N79dl43ULVo-00062-00024012-00024389 of vitality lack of awareness and so on
+N79dl43ULVo-00063-00024390-00024658 so I think it's important to see this is
+N79dl43ULVo-00064-00024659-00025003 not the case here so it's important that
+N79dl43ULVo-00065-00025004-00025327 it's more like a becoming a more alive
+N79dl43ULVo-00066-00025328-00025806 more vivid more conscious more luminous
+N79dl43ULVo-00067-00025807-00026392 more peace more awakened more connected
+N79dl43ULVo-00068-00026393-00026871 rather than disconnecting
+N79dl43ULVo-00069-00026872-00027143 so in some sense of that's what it is
+N79dl43ULVo-00070-00027144-00027695 so tonight or again I haven't gone to
+N79dl43ULVo-00071-00027695-00027974 bed yet so I will be going after I do my
+N79dl43ULVo-00072-00027975-00028345 facebook life so it's but in a way it's
+N79dl43ULVo-00073-00028347-00028745 in the morning here one o'clock so so
+N79dl43ULVo-00074-00028745-00028943 this morning here we are talking about
+N79dl43ULVo-00075-00028944-00029368 the embracing the spaciousness of our
+N79dl43ULVo-00076-00029369-00029714 mind so that could mean main part of the
+N79dl43ULVo-00077-00029714-00030424 topic
+N79dl43ULVo-00078-00030425-00030808 so in a way is the same thing embracing
+N79dl43ULVo-00079-00030810-00031085 the warmth of the spaciousness that
+N79dl43ULVo-00080-00031086-00031858 basically means the idea of spaciousness
+N79dl43ULVo-00081-00031858-00032195 the significant of this meaning of the
+N79dl43ULVo-00082-00032195-00032381 spaciousness I just wanted to say a
+N79dl43ULVo-00083-00032382-00032798 little bit few words about it generally
+N79dl43ULVo-00084-00032799-00033182 like in in Sutra tradition or even in
+N79dl43ULVo-00085-00033183-00033665 tantric tradition there is notion of
+N79dl43ULVo-00086-00033666-00034169 self no self a lack of inherent
+N79dl43ULVo-00087-00034170-00034832 existence of self so or lack of inherent
+N79dl43ULVo-00088-00034833-00035095 existence of any phenomena so that means
+N79dl43ULVo-00089-00035096-00035573 everything is not inherently they don't
+N79dl43ULVo-00090-00035574-00035908 exist inherently they don't have in
+N79dl43ULVo-00091-00035909-00036242 independent existence they are all like
+N79dl43ULVo-00092-00036243-00036680 imputed by our mind projection of our
+N79dl43ULVo-00093-00036681-00037067 mind that includes even the sense of
+N79dl43ULVo-00094-00037068-00037382 self your idea of who you are since
+N79dl43ULVo-00095-00037383-00037646 sense of self perception it's also
+N79dl43ULVo-00096-00037647-00037948 there's nothing inherently existing self
+N79dl43ULVo-00097-00037949-00038491 so so sense of self is also very much
+N79dl43ULVo-00098-00038492-00038945 projection in period and so spaciousness
+N79dl43ULVo-00099-00038946-00039569 means that it's it's like openness it's
+N79dl43ULVo-00100-00039570-00040145 clear from that projection so so that
+N79dl43ULVo-00101-00040146-00040430 deep sense of existence of self
+N79dl43ULVo-00102-00040431-00041021 dualistic self is when it's cleared when
+N79dl43ULVo-00103-00041022-00041399 it opens up then it becomes then it's
+N79dl43ULVo-00104-00041400-00041714 called spaciousness openness that's what
+N79dl43ULVo-00105-00041715-00042077 it means opening of that ego opening of
+N79dl43ULVo-00106-00042078-00042243 that
+N79dl43ULVo-00107-00042244-00042551 dualistic perception of self
+N79dl43ULVo-00108-00042552-00043146 spaciousness openness clearness that's
+N79dl43ULVo-00109-00043147-00043377 what it means so that's I think first of
+N79dl43ULVo-00110-00043378-00043545 all it's important to understand some
+N79dl43ULVo-00111-00043546-00043714 sense of meaning or what spaciousness
+N79dl43ULVo-00112-00043715-00044205 means now so basically this that means
+N79dl43ULVo-00113-00044206-00044445 in generally like in particularly like
+N79dl43ULVo-00114-00044446-00044757 in esoteric tradition the notion of
+N79dl43ULVo-00115-00044758-00044992 emptiness that's what emptiness means so
+N79dl43ULVo-00116-00044993-00045279 spaciousness and emptiness in a way it
+N79dl43ULVo-00117-00045280-00045598 means the same thing so empty of what
+N79dl43ULVo-00118-00045599-00046049 empty of inherent existence of self
+N79dl43ULVo-00119-00046050-00046561 empty of the independent existence of
+N79dl43ULVo-00120-00046562-00046911 self so there's nothing like that there
+N79dl43ULVo-00121-00046912-00047292 so therefore the sense of self is empty
+N79dl43ULVo-00122-00047293-00047796 there's nothing there so when we think
+N79dl43ULVo-00123-00047797-00047988 about when there is nothing there are
+N79dl43ULVo-00124-00047989-00048479 empty of self somehow
+N79dl43ULVo-00125-00048480-00049115 immediately we think about no self
+N79dl43ULVo-00126-00049116-00049645 absence of self nothing very much like
+N79dl43ULVo-00127-00049646-00049755 [Music]
+N79dl43ULVo-00128-00049756-00050442 denial nihilist nihilist view and so
+N79dl43ULVo-00129-00050443-00050637 when we feel like a kind of denying
+N79dl43ULVo-00130-00050638-00050940 sense of self or the view of nihilistic
+N79dl43ULVo-00131-00050941-00051408 view then then the meditation it's not
+N79dl43ULVo-00132-00051409-00051791 very good so basically for idea here
+N79dl43ULVo-00133-00051792-00051985 particularly like in the sense of
+N79dl43ULVo-00134-00051986-00052413 Georgia it's not like a nihilistic view
+N79dl43ULVo-00135-00052414-00052800 of emptiness it's not like nothing
+N79dl43ULVo-00136-00052801-00053166 nothing rather it's a perfection or
+N79dl43ULVo-00137-00053166-00053451 perfected or great perfection so like
+N79dl43ULVo-00138-00053452-00053809 innards of saying the word literally job
+N79dl43ULVo-00139-00053810-00054225 Qin means great perfection the great
+N79dl43ULVo-00140-00054226-00054559 perfection means that it is perfected by
+N79dl43ULVo-00141-00054560-00054829 all the qualities it is perfected all
+N79dl43ULVo-00142-00054829-00055344 the qualities are perfected in us so who
+N79dl43ULVo-00143-00055345-00055570 you are is it's a
+N79dl43ULVo-00144-00055571-00056002 perfection who you are is in in that who
+N79dl43ULVo-00145-00056003-00056071 you are
+N79dl43ULVo-00146-00056072-00056292 everything is perfected so all the
+N79dl43ULVo-00147-00056294-00056940 qualities are perfected so some sense of
+N79dl43ULVo-00148-00056941-00057169 embracing the warmth of spaciousness
+N79dl43ULVo-00149-00057170-00057652 means there is warm in that emptiness is
+N79dl43ULVo-00150-00057653-00058288 not dead dry denial nihilist emptiness
+N79dl43ULVo-00151-00058289-00058734 it's perfect it's a great perfection
+N79dl43ULVo-00152-00058735-00059029 it's perfected with all the ten para
+N79dl43ULVo-00153-00059029-00059248 general parameters it's perfected with
+N79dl43ULVo-00154-00059249-00059580 love perfected with compassion perfected
+N79dl43ULVo-00155-00059582-00059766 with a warmth
+N79dl43ULVo-00156-00059767-00060085 perfected with the kindness it's a
+N79dl43ULVo-00157-00060086-00060354 perfected with all the enlightened
+N79dl43ULVo-00158-00060355-00060609 qualities so all the enlightened
+N79dl43ULVo-00159-00060610-00060982 perfected quality in short it's called
+N79dl43ULVo-00160-00060983-00061240 warmth so in my and when I say warmth
+N79dl43ULVo-00161-00061241-00061528 that's what warmth means so embracing
+N79dl43ULVo-00162-00061529-00061827 the warmth of the spaciousness means
+N79dl43ULVo-00163-00061828-00062389 even though some sense that I am no one
+N79dl43ULVo-00164-00062390-00062959 but this sense of no one it's not like a
+N79dl43ULVo-00165-00062960-00063241 denial its sense of no one being no one
+N79dl43ULVo-00166-00063241-00063559 it's like a not a depression its sense
+N79dl43ULVo-00167-00063560-00063910 of no one it's not a weakness sense of
+N79dl43ULVo-00168-00063911-00064222 no one it's not a disconnected but sense
+N79dl43ULVo-00169-00064223-00064678 so not not being anyone since so
+N79dl43ULVo-00170-00064679-00064854 particularly not being any those
+N79dl43ULVo-00171-00064855-00065227 dualistic sense of I it allows me to be
+N79dl43ULVo-00172-00065228-00065751 everyone it allows to me to be whole
+N79dl43ULVo-00173-00065752-00066289 anyone or any role that I wanted to play
+N79dl43ULVo-00174-00066290-00066621 it allows me because I'm not stuck and
+N79dl43ULVo-00175-00066622-00066976 identified with one limited role of
+N79dl43ULVo-00176-00066977-00067423 sense of self so basically by not being
+N79dl43ULVo-00177-00067424-00067951 anyone it allows me to be everyone it
+N79dl43ULVo-00178-00067952-00068469 allows me to be full complete so
+N79dl43ULVo-00179-00068470-00068764 functioning wise it allows me to
+N79dl43ULVo-00180-00068765-00068859 function must be
+N79dl43ULVo-00181-00068860-00069486 so so why because in no one in nothing
+N79dl43ULVo-00182-00069487-00069984 in that spaciousness there is all the
+N79dl43ULVo-00183-00069985-00070278 qualities are presence and perfected I
+N79dl43ULVo-00184-00070279-00070632 am in need during my deep meditation I
+N79dl43ULVo-00185-00070633-00070962 am embracing all those quality
+N79dl43ULVo-00186-00070963-00071327 so whatever quality is required in
+N79dl43ULVo-00187-00071328-00071739 particular given moment in my life to
+N79dl43ULVo-00188-00071740-00072096 manifest I can I can access that
+N79dl43ULVo-00189-00072097-00072653 particular quality in that source
+N79dl43ULVo-00190-00072654-00073298 embrace that and manifest that to impact
+N79dl43ULVo-00191-00073299-00073712 that moment that situation in my life
+N79dl43ULVo-00192-00073713-00074484 just say for example you know like I can
+N79dl43ULVo-00193-00074485-00074976 clearly say like as a father I am since
+N79dl43ULVo-00194-00074977-00075732 I have traveling with my son he has a
+N79dl43ULVo-00195-00075733-00076029 two month holiday so I've been dedicate
+N79dl43ULVo-00196-00076030-00076386 and this is two months to be a full
+N79dl43ULVo-00197-00076387-00076676 father complete father
+N79dl43ULVo-00198-00076677-00077103 so no except my facebook life teachings
+N79dl43ULVo-00199-00077104-00077349 know and you retreat the teaching
+N79dl43ULVo-00200-00077350-00077571 schedule so just trying to be fully with
+N79dl43ULVo-00201-00077572-00077924 him day and night 24 hours trying to
+N79dl43ULVo-00202-00077925-00078381 mastering my babysitting and so so
+N79dl43ULVo-00203-00078382-00078693 basically when I do that it clearly
+N79dl43ULVo-00204-00078694-00079176 shows me that my son is like a great
+N79dl43ULVo-00205-00079177-00079836 mirror for me to mirror to see my face
+N79dl43ULVo-00206-00079837-00080271 it's a mirror is a great teaching to
+N79dl43ULVo-00207-00080272-00080760 recognize myself it's a great place to
+N79dl43ULVo-00208-00080761-00081197 echo myself so somehow it constantly
+N79dl43ULVo-00209-00081198-00081618 shows me who Who am I
+N79dl43ULVo-00210-00081619-00081984 and the ability to be anyone ability to
+N79dl43ULVo-00211-00081985-00082106 be a playmate
+N79dl43ULVo-00212-00082107-00082640 ability to be a friend ability to have a
+N79dl43ULVo-00213-00082641-00083186 pillow fight or ability to be a moment
+N79dl43ULVo-00214-00083187-00083278 to be a teacher
+N79dl43ULVo-00215-00083279-00083626 we have been meditating every night
+N79dl43ULVo-00216-00083627-00083938 doing the invocation of temperature and
+N79dl43ULVo-00217-00083939-00084509 meditating every night so so able to be
+N79dl43ULVo-00218-00084510-00084728 in some sense of also teach a little bit
+N79dl43ULVo-00219-00084729-00085192 so it said in order to ability to be
+N79dl43ULVo-00220-00085193-00085526 play many different role even though I
+N79dl43ULVo-00221-00085527-00085835 am a single father on one sense of only
+N79dl43ULVo-00222-00085836-00086153 a father but able to play different
+N79dl43ULVo-00223-00086154-00086477 roles I think that's helped so much when
+N79dl43ULVo-00224-00086478-00086887 I do not identify with one specific role
+N79dl43ULVo-00225-00086888-00087182 so in that same situation in our life
+N79dl43ULVo-00226-00087183-00087467 every day in our life that if when was
+N79dl43ULVo-00227-00087468-00087836 when anybody identifies with one
+N79dl43ULVo-00228-00087837-00088469 specific role too strong it it it
+N79dl43ULVo-00229-00088470-00088957 prevents or it eliminates the ability to
+N79dl43ULVo-00230-00088958-00089318 manifest different quality or different
+N79dl43ULVo-00231-00089319-00089648 role in that situation so so I think
+N79dl43ULVo-00232-00089649-00090101 basically we are not able to embrace the
+N79dl43ULVo-00233-00090102-00090359 all different kind of quality or
+N79dl43ULVo-00234-00090360-00090671 different kind of warmth because of we
+N79dl43ULVo-00235-00090672-00091061 identify with one specific role and very
+N79dl43ULVo-00236-00091062-00091463 often it is like a role of conditioned
+N79dl43ULVo-00237-00091464-00091871 role of limitation role of blockages
+N79dl43ULVo-00238-00091872-00092450 role of pain role of fear role of
+N79dl43ULVo-00239-00092451-00092864 limited relationship so so basically it
+N79dl43ULVo-00240-00092865-00093257 limits us rather than it allow us to be
+N79dl43ULVo-00241-00093258-00093638 spacious it rather than it allow us to
+N79dl43ULVo-00242-00093639-00094091 embrace the unfinished of warmth and
+N79dl43ULVo-00243-00094092-00094361 quality through which we can manifest
+N79dl43ULVo-00244-00094362-00094823 our role creativity so so that's what
+N79dl43ULVo-00245-00094824-00094988 exactly is happening so basically what
+N79dl43ULVo-00246-00094989-00095208 I'm trying to say here is that
+N79dl43ULVo-00247-00095209-00095970 the idea of the warmth is that all the
+N79dl43ULVo-00248-00095971-00096412 analyzing quality that exists in us when
+N79dl43ULVo-00249-00096413-00096817 we are no one and no one that everything
+N79dl43ULVo-00250-00096818-00097090 is perfected but everything what is
+N79dl43ULVo-00251-00097091-00097444 perfected we have access to everything
+N79dl43ULVo-00252-00097445-00097792 what we have access to in the moment we
+N79dl43ULVo-00253-00097793-00097987 are conscious and connected we can
+N79dl43ULVo-00254-00097988-00098320 manifest them what is necessary in that
+N79dl43ULVo-00255-00098321-00098665 moment or through that situation rather
+N79dl43ULVo-00256-00098666-00098881 than being stuck all the time
+N79dl43ULVo-00257-00098882-00099316 imagine a lawyer professionally a good
+N79dl43ULVo-00258-00099317-00099744 lawyer and who identify as a lawyer and
+N79dl43ULVo-00259-00099745-00100069 but this lawyer can never be nothing
+N79dl43ULVo-00260-00100070-00100573 else than the lawyer completely stuck in
+N79dl43ULVo-00261-00100574-00101230 the idea identity of lawyer pride of
+N79dl43ULVo-00262-00101231-00101652 lawyer ego of lawyer pain of lawyer
+N79dl43ULVo-00263-00101653-00101968 limitations of lawyer so when you are
+N79dl43ULVo-00264-00101969-00102382 just a lawyer then you also become a
+N79dl43ULVo-00265-00102383-00102756 lawyer with your wife you also become a
+N79dl43ULVo-00266-00102757-00102997 lawyer with your children you also
+N79dl43ULVo-00267-00102998-00103303 become a lawyer with your friends you
+N79dl43ULVo-00268-00103304-00103675 also become a lawyer any even you are
+N79dl43ULVo-00269-00103676-00103879 meeting a stranger or having a moment of
+N79dl43ULVo-00270-00103880-00104014 just a conversation
+N79dl43ULVo-00271-00104015-00104323 you always look through the eyes of
+N79dl43ULVo-00272-00104324-00104653 lawyer you cannot see anything else than
+N79dl43ULVo-00273-00104654-00105201 the view of law so that is so that means
+N79dl43ULVo-00274-00105202-00105619 you are you are not lawyer but you are
+N79dl43ULVo-00275-00105620-00105928 lawyer for you you are only lawyer if
+N79dl43ULVo-00276-00105929-00106209 your when you are able to not be lawyer
+N79dl43ULVo-00277-00106210-00106807 it opens up more who you are access to
+N79dl43ULVo-00278-00106808-00107104 who you are who you can be what you can
+N79dl43ULVo-00279-00107105-00107398 manifest what roles you can play in
+N79dl43ULVo-00280-00107399-00107739 different situations it opens up that
+N79dl43ULVo-00281-00107740-00107872 possibility
+N79dl43ULVo-00282-00107873-00108175 so accesses so I think some sense of
+N79dl43ULVo-00283-00108176-00108344 what I'm trying to say here is
+N79dl43ULVo-00284-00108345-00108752 for all of us it's maybe even even a
+N79dl43ULVo-00285-00108753-00109172 sense of teacher you know when when
+N79dl43ULVo-00286-00109173-00109459 because eat to be a teacher it could be
+N79dl43ULVo-00287-00109460-00109913 very much egoistic position then you
+N79dl43ULVo-00288-00109914-00110321 identify with it too much and and then
+N79dl43ULVo-00289-00110322-00110657 that becomes a problem of the teacher so
+N79dl43ULVo-00290-00110658-00111424 so so what I'm trying to say here is
+N79dl43ULVo-00291-00111425-00111772 embracing the warmth of spaciousness
+N79dl43ULVo-00292-00111773-00112241 means able to access all the enlightened
+N79dl43ULVo-00293-00112242-00112594 qualities which is perfected in
+N79dl43ULVo-00294-00112595-00113021 emptiness in that spaciousness in being
+N79dl43ULVo-00295-00113022-00113540 no one ok let's say maybe you know maybe
+N79dl43ULVo-00296-00113541-00113741 give a little practical example if you
+N79dl43ULVo-00297-00113742-00114088 if I give a practical example we'll be
+N79dl43ULVo-00298-00114089-00114613 just for a moment reflect in your life
+N79dl43ULVo-00299-00114614-00115052 contemplate in your life in the
+N79dl43ULVo-00300-00115053-00115375 situation where you are facing some
+N79dl43ULVo-00301-00115376-00115690 challenging relationship with someone
+N79dl43ULVo-00302-00115691-00116209 either it's a family member your husband
+N79dl43ULVo-00303-00116210-00116540 wife you are a partner you are Khaliq
+N79dl43ULVo-00304-00116541-00116839 your business partner with your children
+N79dl43ULVo-00305-00116840-00117307 whoever is you are having some
+N79dl43ULVo-00306-00117308-00117664 challenging relationship this moment
+N79dl43ULVo-00307-00117665-00118608 just look at that closely
+N79dl43ULVo-00308-00118608-00119070 so particularly if you're having really
+N79dl43ULVo-00309-00119071-00119440 really difficult experiencing a lot of
+N79dl43ULVo-00310-00119441-00119736 pain and conflict then it's very
+N79dl43ULVo-00311-00119738-00119983 important in order to heal overcome
+N79dl43ULVo-00312-00119983-00120291 those pain and conflict it's important
+N79dl43ULVo-00313-00120292-00120622 to look at closely look at that
+N79dl43ULVo-00314-00120623-00120889 relationship look at that challenge why
+N79dl43ULVo-00315-00120890-00121177 you're facing that challenge it's
+N79dl43ULVo-00316-00121178-00121471 because someone is facing their
+N79dl43ULVo-00317-00121472-00121953 challenge who is that someone maybe is a
+N79dl43ULVo-00318-00121954-00122377 father maybe it's a mother maybe it's a
+N79dl43ULVo-00319-00122378-00122713 sister maybe it's a brother maybe it's a
+N79dl43ULVo-00320-00122714-00123177 business partner maybe it's a teacher
+N79dl43ULVo-00321-00123178-00123648 student maybe it's like a the sense of
+N79dl43ULVo-00322-00123649-00124051 some kind of sense of I it's very strong
+N79dl43ULVo-00323-00124052-00124386 which you identify with and that I is
+N79dl43ULVo-00324-00124388-00124750 actually confirmed confronted by someone
+N79dl43ULVo-00325-00124751-00125101 which is not allowing accepting
+N79dl43ULVo-00326-00125102-00125608 acknowledging or respecting that I or
+N79dl43ULVo-00327-00125608-00126003 not fulfilling that I are not listening
+N79dl43ULVo-00328-00126004-00126503 to that I or or or someone is
+N79dl43ULVo-00329-00126504-00126844 undermining that sense of I not
+N79dl43ULVo-00330-00126845-00127072 respecting enough that that's the only
+N79dl43ULVo-00331-00127073-00127620 reason why you are facing this challenge
+N79dl43ULVo-00332-00127621-00128020 but it's a big deal for you but it's a
+N79dl43ULVo-00333-00128021-00128178 very simple reason why you're facing
+N79dl43ULVo-00334-00128179-00128459 challenge that their identity is
+N79dl43ULVo-00335-00128460-00128853 crashing conflicting with someone else
+N79dl43ULVo-00336-00128854-00129249 if you are not who you are identifying
+N79dl43ULVo-00337-00129250-00129523 this moment if you're not the lawyer if
+N79dl43ULVo-00338-00129524-00129670 nor the father if you're not the mother
+N79dl43ULVo-00339-00129671-00129885 if you're not the one who is facing
+N79dl43ULVo-00340-00129886-00130372 challenge for a moment you say okay I am
+N79dl43ULVo-00341-00130373-00131170 NOT that
+N79dl43ULVo-00342-00131171-00131637 or for now I do not want it to be that I
+N79dl43ULVo-00343-00131638-00131926 do not want it to be lawyer today I do
+N79dl43ULVo-00344-00131927-00132205 not want it to be a teacher today I do
+N79dl43ULVo-00345-00132206-00132418 not just want it to be a father today I
+N79dl43ULVo-00346-00132419-00132592 do not want it to be just a mother
+N79dl43ULVo-00347-00132593-00132682 brother
+N79dl43ULVo-00348-00132683-00133432 I don't do not want it to be that I just
+N79dl43ULVo-00349-00133433-00133987 do not want it to be anyone today I want
+N79dl43ULVo-00350-00133988-00134933 it to be no one today
+N79dl43ULVo-00351-00134934-00135527 I am no one I wanted to feel that sense
+N79dl43ULVo-00352-00135528-00136468 of no one
+N79dl43ULVo-00353-00136469-00136849 if I begin to feel no one then I can say
+N79dl43ULVo-00354-00136850-00137152 maybe of course people can criticize me
+N79dl43ULVo-00355-00137153-00138108 or people can judge me it's ok why not
+N79dl43ULVo-00356-00138109-00138409 why not they can see the way they are
+N79dl43ULVo-00357-00138410-00138844 seeing why not they can say what they're
+N79dl43ULVo-00358-00138845-00139291 saying why not they can judge me the way
+N79dl43ULVo-00359-00139292-00139741 they are judging because when if I feel
+N79dl43ULVo-00360-00139742-00140128 pain who is feeling pain the one who is
+N79dl43ULVo-00361-00140129-00140806 identifying not to be judged but if I'm
+N79dl43ULVo-00362-00140807-00141262 aware of that if I trying to recognize
+N79dl43ULVo-00363-00141263-00141777 that if I'm able to say to myself I
+N79dl43ULVo-00364-00141778-00142168 wanted to be no.1 today I wanted to be
+N79dl43ULVo-00365-00142169-00142515 open today I wanted to be spacious today
+N79dl43ULVo-00366-00142516-00142968 and I wanted to discover all the warmth
+N79dl43ULVo-00367-00142969-00143350 even able to feel love to somebody hates
+N79dl43ULVo-00368-00143351-00144033 you a bill even able to feel sense of ok
+N79dl43ULVo-00369-00144034-00144544 somebody it's not ok with you because
+N79dl43ULVo-00370-00144545-00144844 all those qualities are equally
+N79dl43ULVo-00371-00144845-00145333 perfected in me when I am no one or when
+N79dl43ULVo-00372-00145334-00145738 I do not identify strictly with one
+N79dl43ULVo-00373-00145739-00146299 sense of self then I have opportunity to
+N79dl43ULVo-00374-00146300-00146581 access to that great perfection much
+N79dl43ULVo-00375-00146582-00147262 more than anybody else so today and no
+N79dl43ULVo-00376-00147263-00147833 one
+N79dl43ULVo-00377-00147834-00148169 so so now my recommendation to all of
+N79dl43ULVo-00378-00148170-00148591 you and particularly your relationship
+N79dl43ULVo-00379-00148592-00148877 your problematic relationship with
+N79dl43ULVo-00380-00148878-00149114 somebody or the problem that you're
+N79dl43ULVo-00381-00149115-00149342 experiencing in relation to somebody in
+N79dl43ULVo-00382-00149343-00149792 some situation just think about it I am
+N79dl43ULVo-00383-00149793-00151104 no one
+N79dl43ULVo-00384-00151105-00151498 so this moment we can all support each
+N79dl43ULVo-00385-00151499-00152081 other
+N79dl43ULVo-00386-00152082-00152527 feel each other connect with each other
+N79dl43ULVo-00388-00157182-00157921 and feel the pain those who are feeling
+N79dl43ULVo-00389-00157922-00158393 the pain in your relationship problem
+N79dl43ULVo-00390-00158394-00158902 with somebody feel that pain be aware of
+N79dl43ULVo-00391-00158903-00159596 that
+N79dl43ULVo-00392-00159597-00160124 and recognize there is a clearly a sense
+N79dl43ULVo-00393-00160125-00161161 of self such as how dear it's possible
+N79dl43ULVo-00394-00161162-00161693 he can say that Jerry is possible they
+N79dl43ULVo-00395-00161694-00163152 can do that to me
+N79dl43ULVo-00396-00163153-00163779 how is possible they don't respect me as
+N79dl43ULVo-00397-00163780-00164178 possible they can say that to me do that
+N79dl43ULVo-00398-00164179-00164857 to me that's why I'm feeling conflict
+N79dl43ULVo-00399-00164858-00165643 and pain I'm being disturbed by that so
+N79dl43ULVo-00400-00165644-00165924 it's not very important to focus usually
+N79dl43ULVo-00401-00165925-00166209 what we do is we focus too much on
+N79dl43ULVo-00402-00166210-00166570 somebody and particularly what somebody
+N79dl43ULVo-00403-00166571-00167001 said or did we hardly focus on ourselves
+N79dl43ULVo-00404-00167002-00167409 and the way we feel and who is feeling
+N79dl43ULVo-00405-00167410-00167721 particularly we don't focus that as a
+N79dl43ULVo-00406-00167722-00167922 practitioner the most important thing is
+N79dl43ULVo-00407-00167923-00168353 to do is to feel who is feeling it
+N79dl43ULVo-00408-00168354-00168876 not who said what who did what they will
+N79dl43ULVo-00409-00168877-00169045 always somebody will be saying something
+N79dl43ULVo-00410-00169046-00169870 doing something but who is feeling when
+N79dl43ULVo-00411-00169871-00170076 you bring your attention inward when you
+N79dl43ULVo-00412-00170077-00170399 feel who there's a very clear sense of I
+N79dl43ULVo-00413-00170400-00170924 and you in deep inside you need to say I
+N79dl43ULVo-00414-00170925-00171186 wanted to be free from that I do not
+N79dl43ULVo-00415-00171187-00171561 want it to be that I do not want it to
+N79dl43ULVo-00416-00171562-00171757 be just a mother I wanted to be a friend
+N79dl43ULVo-00417-00171758-00172237 with my children
+N79dl43ULVo-00418-00172238-00172628 I know what I don't want to just be a
+N79dl43ULVo-00419-00172629-00172882 husband or wife I wanted to be a friend
+N79dl43ULVo-00420-00172883-00173676 with my partner I'm more than what I'm
+N79dl43ULVo-00421-00173677-00174223 identifying now how I'm gonna access
+N79dl43ULVo-00422-00174224-00174699 that only when I will let go of that
+N79dl43ULVo-00423-00174700-00175273 that sense of I be free from that the
+N79dl43ULVo-00424-00175274-00175719 some sense of this spaciousness
+N79dl43ULVo-00425-00175720-00176296 emptiness so just just simply recognize
+N79dl43ULVo-00426-00176297-00176845 that and let it go simply recognize that
+N79dl43ULVo-00427-00176846-00177220 sense of a perception of self let go you
+N79dl43ULVo-00428-00177221-00177718 are much more than just that and your
+N79dl43ULVo-00429-00177719-00178093 problem is big part of your problem in
+N79dl43ULVo-00430-00178094-00178440 this life is because you identify with
+N79dl43ULVo-00431-00178441-00179471 that too long too often too strong
+N79dl43ULVo-00432-00179472-00179839 with strong clear sense of recognition
+N79dl43ULVo-00433-00179840-00180158 you tell yourself today
+N79dl43ULVo-00434-00180159-00180506 I'll let go of that liberating my own
+N79dl43ULVo-00435-00180507-00180923 being liberating my own that particular
+N79dl43ULVo-00436-00180924-00181382 being may I benefit others as in the
+N79dl43ULVo-00437-00181383-00181837 dedication prayer letting go that
+N79dl43ULVo-00438-00181838-00182351 particular sense of I my own pain may I
+N79dl43ULVo-00439-00182352-00182768 benefit these people I benefit in this
+N79dl43ULVo-00440-00182769-00183365 relationship just see that see that way
+N79dl43ULVo-00441-00183366-00183916 say that way feel that way and let go of
+N79dl43ULVo-00442-00183917-00184559 this sense of self that you have been a
+N79dl43ULVo-00443-00184560-00185462 little too much stuck and clearly at
+N79dl43ULVo-00444-00185463-00185815 least for now this moment in your life
+N79dl43ULVo-00445-00185816-00186164 most of the problems are very much base
+N79dl43ULVo-00446-00186165-00186607 and coming from that sense of identity
+N79dl43ULVo-00447-00186608-00187319 let go let go and let go and feel that I
+N79dl43ULVo-00448-00187320-00187712 am supporting all of you and we are all
+N79dl43ULVo-00450-00190956-00191521 once you feel that sense of self is
+N79dl43ULVo-00451-00191522-00192367 weaker not occupying loosening clearing
+N79dl43ULVo-00452-00192368-00194357 cleared spaciousness emptiness
+N79dl43ULVo-00453-00194358-00195736 cessation of inherent self
+N79dl43ULVo-00454-00195737-00196049 cessation of the self which is not
+N79dl43ULVo-00455-00196050-00196244 really there which is not who you are
+N79dl43ULVo-00456-00196245-00196774 it's gone
+N79dl43ULVo-00457-00196775-00197492 it died let it go feel that space feel
+N79dl43ULVo-00458-00197493-00198341 that freedom and feel a deep sense of
+N79dl43ULVo-00459-00198342-00201028 warmth in that being no one freedom
+N79dl43ULVo-00460-00201029-00201816 a warmth in that spaciousness warmed in
+N79dl43ULVo-00461-00201817-00202570 that being no one freedom in that being
+N79dl43ULVo-00462-00202571-00203584 no one liberation in that overcoming all
+N79dl43ULVo-00463-00203585-00203917 this identity liberation from that
+N79dl43ULVo-00464-00203918-00205196 identity awakening from their identity
+N79dl43ULVo-00465-00205198-00205991 just feel that warmth
+N79dl43ULVo-00466-00205992-00206694 feel that confidence feel that awakened
+N79dl43ULVo-00467-00206694-00207353 quality in that won't feel that
+N79dl43ULVo-00468-00207354-00208196 indestructible quality
+N79dl43ULVo-00469-00208198-00208517 when you're no one nobody can do
+N79dl43ULVo-00470-00208519-00208778 anything to you when you have nothing
+N79dl43ULVo-00471-00208779-00209298 nobody can steal anything from you take
+N79dl43ULVo-00472-00209298-00209773 anything from you feel confidence in
+N79dl43ULVo-00473-00209775-00210830 that being no one
+N79dl43ULVo-00474-00210831-00211211 most of the time in our life we drain
+N79dl43ULVo-00475-00211212-00211496 ourselves and lose our energy with all
+N79dl43ULVo-00476-00211496-00211930 this dualistic effort the effort of fear
+N79dl43ULVo-00477-00211931-00212360 most of our energy we spend is trying to
+N79dl43ULVo-00478-00212361-00212800 defend something and protect something
+N79dl43ULVo-00479-00212801-00213635 which is not necessary
+N79dl43ULVo-00480-00213636-00214491 so just feel that warmed perfected with
+N79dl43ULVo-00481-00214492-00215149 all the qualities and and particularly
+N79dl43ULVo-00482-00215150-00215477 recognize the perfected with the quality
+N79dl43ULVo-00483-00215478-00216167 which you need this moment in your life
+N79dl43ULVo-00484-00216167-00216745 the medicine for right right medicine
+N79dl43ULVo-00485-00216746-00217049 this moment in your life discover their
+N79dl43ULVo-00486-00217050-00217741 quality such just like a confidence
+N79dl43ULVo-00487-00217742-00218891 strength clarity stability and these all
+N79dl43ULVo-00488-00218892-00219469 are warmed embracing the warmth of that
+N79dl43ULVo-00489-00219471-00220044 space it's not nothing it's everything
+N79dl43ULVo-00490-00220046-00220664 feel that so feel feel the liveliness
+N79dl43ULVo-00491-00220665-00221054 one time when a student of mine said to
+N79dl43ULVo-00492-00221055-00221552 me and very often in the Buddhist
+N79dl43ULVo-00493-00221553-00221890 teachings she heard so many times
+N79dl43ULVo-00494-00221891-00222301 emptiness the teaching of emptiness
+N79dl43ULVo-00495-00222302-00222562 sometimes she felt little depressed
+N79dl43ULVo-00496-00222563-00222836 because of so much saying nothing
+N79dl43ULVo-00497-00222837-00223133 nothing nothing nothing nothing but the
+N79dl43ULVo-00498-00223134-00223382 idea of embracing the warmth and quality
+N79dl43ULVo-00499-00223383-00223892 and great perfection quality finally
+N79dl43ULVo-00500-00223892-00224116 woken her up
+N79dl43ULVo-00501-00224117-00224573 as she felt much more lively in knowing
+N79dl43ULVo-00502-00224573-00224888 that spaciousness or that emptiness then
+N79dl43ULVo-00503-00224889-00225248 before before it's like almost like a
+N79dl43ULVo-00504-00225248-00225969 nihilist
+N79dl43ULVo-00505-00225971-00226257 I felt that that's a wonderful
+N79dl43ULVo-00506-00226258-00226615 experience so just feel that for a
+N79dl43ULVo-00507-00226616-00228788 moment
+N79dl43ULVo-00508-00228789-00230308 okay so how is the meditation
+N79dl43ULVo-00509-00230309-00230666 you can open your eye you can reflect
+N79dl43ULVo-00510-00230667-00231016 what the experiences of meditation and
+N79dl43ULVo-00511-00231017-00231556 give me some feedback here always nice
+N79dl43ULVo-00512-00231557-00232101 to hear feedback that all of you are
+N79dl43ULVo-00513-00232102-00232681 presence you're listening you're
+N79dl43ULVo-00514-00232682-00233819 practicing you're experiencing
+N79dl43ULVo-00516-00237621-00237869 wonderful thank you or thank you for all
+N79dl43ULVo-00517-00237871-00238410 your I'm very happy to hear that it was
+N79dl43ULVo-00518-00238411-00238721 helpful that's they clearly my intention
+N79dl43ULVo-00519-00238723-00239463 to see a glimpse of experiences that
+N79dl43ULVo-00520-00239464-00239821 opens up your life in the teaching
+N79dl43ULVo-00521-00239823-00240267 understanding experiences that's my wish
+N79dl43ULVo-00522-00240267-00240600 and prayer that may all have this
+N79dl43ULVo-00523-00240601-00240963 experience able to impress the older
+N79dl43ULVo-00524-00240964-00241287 qualities which is already in all of our
+N79dl43ULVo-00525-00241288-00241662 life and in your life and so so so I
+N79dl43ULVo-00526-00241663-00241935 think that's all just maybe just to
+N79dl43ULVo-00527-00241936-00242352 maybe conclude a little bit you know we
+N79dl43ULVo-00528-00242353-00242796 have been talking about being five five
+N79dl43ULVo-00529-00242796-00243285 to ten percent in 2018 being still doing
+N79dl43ULVo-00530-00243286-00243852 less but accomplishing more and also in
+N79dl43ULVo-00531-00243853-00244059 terms of the discovering the melody in
+N79dl43ULVo-00532-00244060-00244736 silence and in 2018 just basically
+N79dl43ULVo-00533-00244737-00245298 speaking less and speaking less from
+N79dl43ULVo-00534-00245298-00245601 that disconnectedness speaking less from
+N79dl43ULVo-00535-00245602-00245811 that fear of speaking less from that
+N79dl43ULVo-00536-00245812-00246429 that a sense of you know that they're
+N79dl43ULVo-00537-00246430-00246585 feeling of either you have to say
+N79dl43ULVo-00538-00246586-00246692 something you don't have to say
+N79dl43ULVo-00539-00246694-00246842 something you don't have to talk
+N79dl43ULVo-00540-00246842-00247053 particularly when you don't know what to
+N79dl43ULVo-00541-00247054-00247235 say you don't have to say anything so
+N79dl43ULVo-00542-00247236-00248151 this respecting enjoying the silence so
+N79dl43ULVo-00543-00248152-00248391 five to ten percent so the question here
+N79dl43ULVo-00544-00248392-00248748 will be what what about in embracing
+N79dl43ULVo-00545-00248748-00249081 their warmth of spaciousness how does
+N79dl43ULVo-00546-00249082-00249375 that work here so is the same way in
+N79dl43ULVo-00547-00249376-00249942 some sense or by thing idea will be just
+N79dl43ULVo-00548-00249942-00250355 over every now and then I am no one
+N79dl43ULVo-00549-00250356-00251142 I'm no one
+N79dl43ULVo-00550-00251142-00251584 when you get hurt when you get feel pain
+N79dl43ULVo-00551-00251585-00251878 pain will stay there
+N79dl43ULVo-00552-00251879-00252281 continuously until there is any shift in
+N79dl43ULVo-00553-00252282-00252569 that sense of self who is experiencing
+N79dl43ULVo-00554-00252571-00253041 the pain very often what we expect many
+N79dl43ULVo-00555-00253042-00253292 psychologists we expect it's trying to
+N79dl43ULVo-00556-00253294-00253505 change objectively something when
+N79dl43ULVo-00557-00253506-00253703 somebody apologizes or when somebody
+N79dl43ULVo-00558-00253704-00253928 shuts up then when somebody speaks or
+N79dl43ULVo-00559-00253929-00254135 when somebody does that yes so when
+N79dl43ULVo-00560-00254136-00254282 somebody has stopped doing something
+N79dl43ULVo-00561-00254283-00254471 then you feel you will have the peace
+N79dl43ULVo-00562-00254473-00254678 but that's the most most of the time
+N79dl43ULVo-00563-00254679-00255035 it's not true because the pain identity
+N79dl43ULVo-00564-00255036-00255428 always find new thing to expect new
+N79dl43ULVo-00565-00255429-00255824 expectations so whatever somebody does
+N79dl43ULVo-00566-00255825-00256573 or does not do will not change because
+N79dl43ULVo-00567-00256574-00257064 pain identity want to produce pain and
+N79dl43ULVo-00568-00257065-00257381 it is very good at doing that no matter
+N79dl43ULVo-00569-00257382-00257657 what people do or don't do it will
+N79dl43ULVo-00570-00257658-00258181 always find so some sense of able to
+N79dl43ULVo-00571-00258182-00258629 free from that is able to reflect back
+N79dl43ULVo-00572-00258630-00259157 in oneself through their identity then
+N79dl43ULVo-00573-00259158-00259488 at least able to say I'm not just a
+N79dl43ULVo-00574-00259489-00260587 father I am a friend to my child
+N79dl43ULVo-00575-00260588-00261262 I am 12 years old at least not
+N79dl43ULVo-00576-00261263-00262029 chronological age but energetic age
+N79dl43ULVo-00577-00262030-00262390 psychological aging a playfulness sense
+N79dl43ULVo-00578-00262391-00263044 of playfulness I am 12 years old I can
+N79dl43ULVo-00579-00263045-00263668 play like it 12 years old I can do silly
+N79dl43ULVo-00580-00263669-00263908 things like it 3 years old so some sense
+N79dl43ULVo-00581-00263909-00264663 of the 5 to 10% will be not to get stuck
+N79dl43ULVo-00582-00264664-00265182 and being someone which has been
+N79dl43ULVo-00583-00265183-00265642 problematic for you at least be
+N79dl43ULVo-00584-00265643-00266055 interested in not to be that that one
+N79dl43ULVo-00585-00266056-00267032 that go
+N79dl43ULVo-00586-00267033-00267332 so that would be like some sense of
+N79dl43ULVo-00587-00267333-00267636 freedom that I think will be very very
+N79dl43ULVo-00588-00267637-00267999 nice to say able to able to recognize
+N79dl43ULVo-00589-00268000-00268215 the limitation the painters are coming
+N79dl43ULVo-00590-00268216-00268443 from a specific sense of identity
+N79dl43ULVo-00591-00268444-00268758 limited sense of identity but by
+N79dl43ULVo-00592-00268759-00269019 recognizing their by contemplating
+N79dl43ULVo-00593-00269020-00269298 meditating on it able to be free from
+N79dl43ULVo-00594-00269299-00269646 that and being able to be no one able to
+N79dl43ULVo-00595-00269647-00269940 discover warmth and all enlightened
+N79dl43ULVo-00596-00269941-00270180 qualities in being no one in that
+N79dl43ULVo-00597-00270181-00270572 spaciousness impressing that fully and
+N79dl43ULVo-00598-00270573-00270891 becoming a familiar with those quality
+N79dl43ULVo-00599-00270892-00271128 those qualities are like a food of the
+N79dl43ULVo-00600-00271129-00271389 soul those quality are a medicine for
+N79dl43ULVo-00601-00271390-00271671 you this moment in your life impressing
+N79dl43ULVo-00602-00271672-00272088 them and manifesting whatever needs to
+N79dl43ULVo-00603-00272089-00272330 be manifest that particular given moment
+N79dl43ULVo-00604-00272331-00273096 trying to manifest that okay so thank
+N79dl43ULVo-00605-00273097-00273546 you so thank you for being this evening
+N79dl43ULVo-00606-00273547-00274182 this morning this beyond time space with
+N79dl43ULVo-00607-00274183-00274614 me and I hope this the practices of the
+N79dl43ULVo-00608-00274615-00274890 body speech and mind the dance of the
+N79dl43ULVo-00609-00274891-00275151 stillness stillness and melody in the
+N79dl43ULVo-00610-00275152-00275397 silence and the warmth of this
+N79dl43ULVo-00611-00275398-00275637 spaciousness embracing the warmth of
+N79dl43ULVo-00612-00275638-00275706 spaciousness
+N79dl43ULVo-00613-00275707-00275973 I think these practices the body speech
+N79dl43ULVo-00614-00275974-00276273 mind will completely transform your body
+N79dl43ULVo-00615-00276274-00276522 speech and mind and discover the
+N79dl43ULVo-00616-00276523-00276813 enlightened body speech in mind and and
+N79dl43ULVo-00617-00276814-00277068 those who you understand we said during
+N79dl43ULVo-00618-00277069-00277404 system work assume Martha's JBT now you
+N79dl43ULVo-00619-00277405-00277812 may you all discover the enlightened
+N79dl43ULVo-00620-00277813-00278052 quality within your body speech and mind
+N79dl43ULVo-00621-00278053-00278406 thank you good night and good morning
+N79dl43ULVo-00622-00278407-00278481 everybody
+N79dl43ULVo-00623-00278482-00278910 so now next next session I don't know
+N79dl43ULVo-00624-00278911-00279141 exactly when it's going to happen and
+N79dl43ULVo-00625-00279142-00279393 what's going to happen since we are no
+N79dl43ULVo-00626-00279394-00279600 one no one is teaching known as
+N79dl43ULVo-00627-00279601-00279927 listening so but if something happens
+N79dl43ULVo-00628-00279928-00280300 spontaneously hopefully it happens not
+N79dl43ULVo-00629-00280301-00280585 right one in a second but happens a few
+N79dl43ULVo-00630-00280586-00280837 days before some ideas what I will be
+N79dl43ULVo-00631-00280838-00281218 love to speak then I will definitely let
+N79dl43ULVo-00632-00281219-00281497 know that all of you know on my facebook
+N79dl43ULVo-00633-00281498-00281842 so and then you know I will announce
+N79dl43ULVo-00634-00281843-00282124 that few days before okay so and then
+N79dl43ULVo-00635-00282125-00282388 when I do that please do let do let
+N79dl43ULVo-00636-00282389-00282712 other people know that who-who wanted to
+N79dl43ULVo-00637-00282713-00283153 hear and and that would be helpful to do
+N79dl43ULVo-00638-00283154-00283495 that okay thank you very much