diff --git "a/data/en000/text/00000000.txt" "b/data/en000/text/00000000.txt" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/data/en000/text/00000000.txt" @@ -0,0 +1,9775 @@ +YoRjzEnRcqu-00000-00000716-00000819 There is a saying +YoRjzEnRcqu-00001-00000947-00001075 What kind of person are you +YoRjzEnRcqu-00002-00001100-00001254 Will lead you to meet with different kind of person +YoRjzEnRcqu-00003-00001587-00001766 I think although it is not so absolute +YoRjzEnRcqu-00004-00001792-00001920 But it also make sense in the other way +YoRjzEnRcqu-00005-00002022-00002176 At least your excellent +YoRjzEnRcqu-00006-00002201-00002406 Your growth and your progress +YoRjzEnRcqu-00007-00002484-00002664 Will make you meet up +YoRjzEnRcqu-00008-00002688-00002740 A better person +YoRjzEnRcqu-00009-00003098-00003278 Are you willing to be such person? +YoRjzEnRcqu-00010-00003404-00004019 When you complain about life +YoRjzEnRcqu-00011-00004044-00004300 When complaining people around you are not good enough +YoRjzEnRcqu-00012-00004454-00004633 Should we also think about +YoRjzEnRcqu-00013-00004659-00005273 How good it is our-self. But the truth is we do not good enough. +YoRjzEnRcqu-00014-00005299-00005913 Things will prevent your life from progressing. +YoRjzEnRcqu-00015-00005939-00006553 If you never work hard to achieved it. +YoRjzEnRcqu-00016-00006580-00007202 If you work harder to build your carrier +YoRjzEnRcqu-00017-00007244-00007858 Will reap a better growth in life +YoRjzEnRcqu-00018-00007884-00008499 If you put in enough passionate life, it will definitely return you a better side +YoRjzEnRcqu-00019-00008524-00009139 Be yourself in love +YoRjzEnRcqu-00020-00009164-00009779 Bringing each other enough warmth and security will not have you tomorrow +YoRjzEnRcqu-00021-00009804-00010368 Only understand the meaning of hard work +YoRjzEnRcqu-00022-00010394-00010880 And the reason is constantly adjusting their status +YoRjzEnRcqu-00023-00010962-00011802 Know what you want and be willing to pay sweat and hard work +YoRjzEnRcqu-00024-00011827-00012441 Change yourself instead of complaining about the imperfections of life +YoRjzEnRcqu-00025-00012468-00013226 A better you should come now +Y1lfAJBFMoy-00000-00000045-00000176 Hey guys, so +Y1lfAJBFMoy-00001-00000176-00000360 I just got back from Mexico +Y1lfAJBFMoy-00002-00000360-00001784 and it was amazing, by the way. +Y1lfAJBFMoy-00003-00001784-00003351 The service +Y1lfAJBFMoy-00005-00007611-00008977 take +Y1lfAJBFMoy-00006-00008977-00011539 small +Y1lfAJBFMoy-00008-00014836-00015890 with me +Y1lfAJBFMoy-00009-00015890-00017670 Mexico is a strange +Y1lfAJBFMoy-00010-00017670-00017697 place +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00001-00000327-00000726 Let me introduce you a meal with a chewy texture! +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00002-00001114-00001513 Deep-fried pork ribs. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00003-00001874-00002273 It is the best as a snack for beer. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00004-00005008-00005407 Pork ribs +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00005-00005488-00005887 Wash the back ribs in cold water while pressing. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00006-00006030-00006429 Soaking in water fot 1 hour is also good. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00007-00006788-00007186 Because we need to get rid of the smell. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00008-00007627-00008026 Garlic/bay leaf +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00009-00008106-00008505 Add garlic and bay leaves and boil water. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00010-00008928-00009328 Boil ribs in boiling water for 5 mininutes. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00011-00011128-00011527 Wash the boiled meat again in cold water. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00012-00011902-00012302 3 tsp salt/1 tbsp sesame seeds +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00013-00012602-00013002 1 tbsp minced garlic/pepper +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00014-00013725-00014124 Add salt, sesame, pepper and garlic and mix. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00015-00017323-00017723 1 cup starch/1 cup water +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00016-00017878-00018277 Add 1 cup of water to 1 cup of starch and mix. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00017-00018987-00019387 After 10 minutes a layer is formed. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00018-00019715-00020114 Just dump the clear water on top. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00019-00021708-00022107 Add all the hardened dough and mix. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00020-00022361-00022761 Soju 1 tbsp +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00021-00023681-00024080 Cooking oil +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00022-00024308-00024705 Add cooking oil enough to submerge the back ribs in half. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00023-00025166-00025565 When the temperature rise moderately, fry it. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00024-00028858-00029257 I will also fry potato balls. +Y5pxweYLOzQ-00025-00034614-00035013 Enjoy with a cold beer. +Y9wE1zItU3y-00000-00001528-00002264 morning everybody we're to water friday today one of my all-time favorite shoes +Y9wE1zItU3y-00001-00002440-00002864 unfortunately we've got a bit of fog on us at the moment so we'll be half an hour before we +Y9wE1zItU3y-00002-00002864-00003536 get started hopefully it's going to clear up we're going to get started shoot what makes you happy +Y9wE1zItU3y-00003-00003536-00004264 don't be too easy pleased five wood cartridges only we do accept the game bar quad seals but no +Y9wE1zItU3y-00004-00004264-00004784 other type of uh biodegradable cartridge you stop overpowering these cartridges because the other +Y9wE1zItU3y-00005-00004784-00005280 day everyone through the [ __ ] middle up pattern you didn't miss them went through like that +Y9wE1zItU3y-00006-00005360-00005744 and then the dog came back and we thought it shot a rabbit but it was his teddy so +Y9wE1zItU3y-00007-00006032-00007184 after that he was away so on serious side no no fox's no ground game please just be sporting +Y9wE1zItU3y-00008-00007280-00007944 before we get into the film i would just like to tell you about young kieran a young lady was born +Y9wE1zItU3y-00009-00007944-00008528 and bred on the water prairie estate in this photo kieran shows the spoilers from his own little +Y9wE1zItU3y-00010-00008528-00009368 drive that he looks after he hatches them rears them looks after them throughout the season and +Y9wE1zItU3y-00011-00009368-00009968 of course enjoys the thrills of his labour even at the tender age of nine years old this young lad +Y9wE1zItU3y-00012-00009968-00010560 is a very successful countryman benefiting from being brought up in a loving caring environment +Y9wE1zItU3y-00013-00010672-00011320 amongst country folk who care about their kids and the role they lead in society for me +Y9wE1zItU3y-00014-00011384-00011760 there's no wrong with country folk thank you for listening +Y9wE1zItU3y-00015-00012064-00012688 first drive anyway we managed to get out to drive call ringlands just a nice steady start +Y9wE1zItU3y-00016-00012688-00013040 with some there will be some good birds on it though but nice to see +Y9wE1zItU3y-00017-00013208-00013960 the daughter at side and missing at the other side i'm squashed in the middle and if rachel's +Y9wE1zItU3y-00018-00013960-00015584 on form she'll be giving him no danger about that so i'll have to have my wits about we're here +Y9wE1zItU3y-00019-00016736-00018384 uh all right +Y9wE1zItU3y-00020-00019112-00019784 so +Y9wE1zItU3y-00021-00021928-00022584 so +Y9wE1zItU3y-00022-00024992-00025568 fantastic drive that one is awesome superb yeah there were plenty of after reigns really well a +Y9wE1zItU3y-00023-00025568-00026152 lot of good good stuff there yeah racial shot well yeah well yeah steven shot a little side +Y9wE1zItU3y-00024-00026152-00026792 of me as well and yeah one two three went all good yeah what are you using the new crotch seal here +Y9wE1zItU3y-00025-00026792-00027239 yeah i'm on a quad seal today again yeah yeah fantastic how are you finding them good very +Y9wE1zItU3y-00026-00027239-00027656 good yeah i'm going to just use it all the time i just saw some cars and when you look at the +Y9wE1zItU3y-00027-00027656-00028183 operation if johnny just swings the camera around you're the amount of people that's employed here +Y9wE1zItU3y-00028-00028480-00029152 unbelievable pick is up beaters yeah it's unreal and it's unbelievable yeah +Y9wE1zItU3y-00029-00029280-00029952 everybody's men children women everybody thank you very much frank unreal that and there was some +Y9wE1zItU3y-00030-00029952-00030639 i know we've come here to get to dodge the fog but i'd gladly and i would i would be pleased to shoot +Y9wE1zItU3y-00031-00030639-00031032 these all day it's unreal there was some fantastic birds here but i think the wind's got them up +Y9wE1zItU3y-00032-00031032-00031464 a little bit better as well aren't they it's a sportsman's drive yes you don't have to shoot yeah +Y9wE1zItU3y-00033-00031464-00031944 at the lower one that's right there's nice ones to kill that's yeah good enough yeah yeah yeah +Y9wE1zItU3y-00034-00031944-00032360 well we're just on about your your conservation program look at you know when you're looking +Y9wE1zItU3y-00035-00032360-00032744 in the sky there's also birds of prey here and you're fitted all that in you in the estate in +Y9wE1zItU3y-00036-00032744-00033352 the program now you know it's and besides all the birds of prey that you go yeah the amount +Y9wE1zItU3y-00037-00033352-00033912 of finches and wildlife that there's an abundance that these big commercial stats is unreal isn't it +Y9wE1zItU3y-00038-00033912-00034360 you know yeah it is we're the biggest biggest bird table in england we look at it yeah we're actually +Y9wE1zItU3y-00039-00034440-00034848 what they've got to realize as well now i mean the birds of prayer really have exploded but it +Y9wE1zItU3y-00040-00034848-00035416 is down to game shooting exactly you'll go from al-samir you maybe see a pair but yeah you'll see +Y9wE1zItU3y-00041-00035416-00036072 50 60 pairs yeah if these estates close down these birds of prey won't exist they'll go back to +Y9wE1zItU3y-00042-00036160-00036648 30 they'll go back 30 years because they ain't enough to feed them on it's just as simple as that +Y9wE1zItU3y-00043-00037352-00037984 did you see that i stand there +Y9wE1zItU3y-00044-00039952-00040448 on the second drive now 30 acre belt it's called we've uh we've just hung back a +Y9wE1zItU3y-00045-00040448-00041008 little bit while the fog blows out got a bit of breeze on here so but it is drifting in and out +Y9wE1zItU3y-00046-00041008-00042184 but 30 acre belt is a very good drive so we should see some nice birds here +Y9wE1zItU3y-00047-00043136-00043584 oh look at that pocket +Y9wE1zItU3y-00048-00044440-00044984 so +Y9wE1zItU3y-00049-00048320-00049184 m3s +Y9wE1zItU3y-00050-00051264-00052288 well what a drive never never ever fails to to come through this drivers and water power +Y9wE1zItU3y-00051-00052288-00052752 itself it's above and beyond expectations every time you come here it's fantastic +Y9wE1zItU3y-00052-00052879-00053688 nell and jali yeah are already now 78 still in the field still keeping healthy +Y9wE1zItU3y-00053-00053688-00054088 and been coming here since he started coming here he started coming here when he retired +Y9wE1zItU3y-00054-00054184-00054800 it keeps you going good lad yeah that's what we like to say everybody involved at water priory +Y9wE1zItU3y-00055-00054991-00055520 there's some good birds there though so many shots we were shooting some mario good luck over there +Y9wE1zItU3y-00056-00055696-00056184 yeah we got plenty of shielding yeah +Y9wE1zItU3y-00057-00057496-00057960 missing behind he was willing to make a deal across this young boy sleeping feathers and +Y9wE1zItU3y-00058-00057960-00058400 shooting hearts they sat down there on his shoe steak said boy let me tell you what +Y9wE1zItU3y-00059-00058400-00058848 but i guess you didn't know it but i'm a pheasant shoe too and if you care to take +Y9wE1zItU3y-00060-00058848-00060384 my dare i'll make tibet with you he said now you shoot pretty good specimen foreign +Y9wE1zItU3y-00061-00061120-00061784 is +Y9wE1zItU3y-00062-00062855-00063160 oh blue dave hung his head cause he knew that he'd been beat +Y9wE1zItU3y-00063-00063160-00063672 and he laid that golden miracle on the ground at ab speed just come on back +Y9wE1zItU3y-00064-00063672-00064584 if you don't want to try again told you once you son of a gun i'm the best it's ever been +Y9wE1zItU3y-00065-00067120-00067384 you're out here +Y9wE1zItU3y-00066-00067768-00068784 is +Y9wE1zItU3y-00067-00075296-00076000 what a brilliant day nice to be back at warsaw and see some stunning birds again well done brian +Y9wE1zItU3y-00068-00076104-00076552 well that concludes another great family deer water priory a bit of gut +Y9wE1zItU3y-00069-00076552-00077184 crack with some fantastic birds and with some fantastic shooting to match from all the team +Y9wE1zItU3y-00070-00077304-00077576 thanks very much for watching have a great season +Y9wE1zItU3y-00071-00077720-00078408 oh and before i forget the water priority chartered clay days are back next year maybe +Y9wE1zItU3y-00072-00078408-00079008 may or june but i will keep you informed and up to date when all the dates are confirmed +Y9wE1zItU3y-00073-00079176-00079816 this is one of my favorite charity shoots and here is a small clip of what will be on offer +Y9wE1zItU3y-00074-00079984-00081384 make sure you book as soon as you get confirmation as the tables will go quite quickly +Y9wE1zItU3y-00075-00083672-00083680 you +YqZjqLtki84-00000-00000000-00000200 May reset +YrkppBK-dpy-00000-00000130-00000609 In this video, we share a fellow sufferer’s recovery experience because it contains lessons +YrkppBK-dpy-00001-00000609-00001100 that all of us can learn from. +YrkppBK-dpy-00002-00001100-00001200 Hi. +YrkppBK-dpy-00003-00001200-00001441 I’m Lynette from PanicAttackRecovery.com. +YrkppBK-dpy-00004-00001441-00001961 We’re a collaboration of former sufferers helping people with panic attacks, stress, +YrkppBK-dpy-00005-00001961-00002716 anxiety, depression, and ADHD, so they can express their true competencies in life. +YrkppBK-dpy-00006-00002716-00003216 Since we only provide solutions that have been personally used and approved by sufferers +YrkppBK-dpy-00007-00003216-00003771 of anxiety and ADHD, we thought it would be helpful to share a fellow sufferer’s recovery +YrkppBK-dpy-00008-00003771-00003994 experience with anxiety. +YrkppBK-dpy-00009-00003994-00004350 To make the process easier, we will call this person John. +YrkppBK-dpy-00010-00004350-00004916 Prior to coming down with anxiety and panic attacks and agoraphobia, John did not take +YrkppBK-dpy-00011-00004916-00005080 care of himself. +YrkppBK-dpy-00012-00005080-00005285 He was in a job that he didn’t like. +YrkppBK-dpy-00013-00005285-00005878 He didn’t have patience or interest in natural stress reduction techniques and no immediate +YrkppBK-dpy-00014-00005878-00006069 interest in exercise. +YrkppBK-dpy-00015-00006069-00006764 Although he always told himself that he should exercise and watch his diet, this never really +YrkppBK-dpy-00016-00006764-00006979 came to fruition. +YrkppBK-dpy-00017-00006979-00007503 When John started having panic attacks, he became quite concerned about what was wrong +YrkppBK-dpy-00018-00007503-00007606 with him. +YrkppBK-dpy-00019-00007606-00008282 Despite being checked out several times by different doctors, he still felt that there +YrkppBK-dpy-00020-00008282-00008648 must really be something wrong, physically. +YrkppBK-dpy-00021-00008648-00009207 Right there and then John made the decision to try and give up his bad habits, face his +YrkppBK-dpy-00022-00009207-00009575 anxiety and start taking care of his health. +YrkppBK-dpy-00023-00009575-00010227 Now it was very hard for him to give up his bad habits…but on the other hand, John felt +YrkppBK-dpy-00024-00010227-00010790 that he had no choice but to address his health, in order to lessen his anxiety. +YrkppBK-dpy-00025-00010790-00011413 As it turned out, this was one of the things that turned the corner for John: taking up +YrkppBK-dpy-00026-00011413-00011642 a healthier lifestyle. +YrkppBK-dpy-00027-00011642-00012200 John reports that he became interested in various forms of wellness and how these things +YrkppBK-dpy-00028-00012200-00012850 could be pleasurable but still healthy – such as healthy recipes and relaxation exercises +YrkppBK-dpy-00029-00012850-00013041 such as hypnosis, etc. +YrkppBK-dpy-00030-00013041-00013765 By making small but healthy changes, John began losing weight, feeling more energetic +YrkppBK-dpy-00031-00013765-00014076 and generally more positive and confident. +YrkppBK-dpy-00032-00014076-00014506 You too can feel better by making small changes. +YrkppBK-dpy-00033-00014506-00015012 For instance, beginning to look at a healthier diet, starting to do some regular exercise +YrkppBK-dpy-00034-00015012-00015252 such as walking, swimming, etc. +YrkppBK-dpy-00035-00015252-00015968 Dr. Colin Ross, psychiatrist discusses studies which have demonstrated that completing activities +YrkppBK-dpy-00036-00015968-00016679 as simple as push-ups, healthy eating, etc., can not only benefit one’s physical health +YrkppBK-dpy-00037-00016679-00016937 but also their mental health. +YrkppBK-dpy-00038-00016937-00017391 You may be thinking that it is simply too hard to worry about wellness because you are +YrkppBK-dpy-00039-00017391-00017771 so preoccupied by your panic attacks and anxiety. +YrkppBK-dpy-00040-00017771-00018464 But the truth is: taking these types of steps for your overall health is exactly what can +YrkppBK-dpy-00041-00018464-00018564 be helpful for you. +YrkppBK-dpy-00042-00018564-00018886 Thank you for watching this video. +YrkppBK-dpy-00043-00018886-00019444 To make sure that you don’t miss out on any of our content, please click on the card +YrkppBK-dpy-00044-00019444-00019976 on the upper right corner of this video and subscribe to our free newsletter. +YrkppBK-dpy-00045-00019976-00020530 As usual, we look forward to presenting a new video in our series next week. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00000-00000681-00001750 In climate change science, policy, and carbon management, the term “carbon dioxide equivalent” +YwdWmcTgwWy-00001-00001750-00002247 or “CO2e” is used by experts and policy makers a lot. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00002-00002247-00002574 So, what does it mean? +YwdWmcTgwWy-00003-00002574-00003009 Before we answer that, let’s consider an analogy: +YwdWmcTgwWy-00004-00003009-00003482 Imagine you get home from a round-the-world holiday, and at the bottom of your bag you +YwdWmcTgwWy-00005-00003482-00004148 find one U.S dollar, 1000 Indian rupees, and 100 euros. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00006-00004148-00004466 What is the combined value of this money? +YwdWmcTgwWy-00007-00004466-00004961 Obviously, you can’t add the three different currencies together. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00008-00004961-00005653 So you first convert all three values into a common denomination - let’s say, U.S dollars +YwdWmcTgwWy-00009-00005653-00005885 - using exchange rates. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00010-00005885-00006250 Then they can be summed together to give a single value. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00011-00006250-00006600 This same idea applies to greenhouse gases. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00012-00006600-00007310 There are many gases that have a global warming impact, including carbon dioxide, methane, +YwdWmcTgwWy-00013-00007310-00007989 nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride, perfluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00014-00007989-00008514 These are emitted by both natural and anthropogenic sources. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00015-00008514-00009190 Anthropogenic sources include fossil fuel combustion - for example, in cars - agriculture, +YwdWmcTgwWy-00016-00009190-00009485 landfills and air conditioners, among others. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00017-00009485-00009997 Each greenhouse gas traps heat in the atmosphere at different rates, and they also have different +YwdWmcTgwWy-00018-00009997-00010138 atmospheric lifetimes. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00019-00010138-00010782 For example, methane has a lifetime of around twelve years, while nitrous oxide stays in +YwdWmcTgwWy-00020-00010782-00011331 the atmosphere for ten times longer, at 121 years. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00021-00011331-00011807 This leaves us with the classic problem of comparing “apples to oranges”. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00022-00011807-00012318 In order to make meaningful comparisons between different gases, and calculate their combined +YwdWmcTgwWy-00023-00012318-00012913 global warming effect we need to come up with a common unit of measurement. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00024-00012913-00013490 The same way we converted all our currencies into US Dollars, we convert all of our greenhouse +YwdWmcTgwWy-00025-00013490-00014026 gas emissions into one common unit: “tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent”, which is +YwdWmcTgwWy-00026-00014026-00014366 commonly expressed as tonnes of CO2e. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00027-00014366-00014959 Essentially, scientists use carbon dioxide as a benchmark for measuring the heat-trapping +YwdWmcTgwWy-00028-00014959-00015282 ability of other greenhouse gases. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00029-00015282-00015794 To convert the other greenhouse gases into carbon dioxide equivalents, we multiply the +YwdWmcTgwWy-00030-00015794-00016442 mass of emissions by the appropriate “global warming potential”, or “GWP”. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00031-00016442-00016976 “Global Warming Potential” represents the relative warming effect of a unit mass +YwdWmcTgwWy-00032-00016976-00017665 of the gas when compared with the same mass of carbon dioxide over a specific time period. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00033-00017665-00018179 This is commonly 20 or 100 years. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00034-00018179-00018696 Specifying the time period is important, to address the different atmospheric lifetimes +YwdWmcTgwWy-00035-00018696-00018963 of the different greenhouse gases. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00036-00018963-00019432 Global warming potentials are published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, +YwdWmcTgwWy-00037-00019432-00019929 and recognised by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00038-00019929-00020570 Here you can see the Global Warming Potentials of several gases for a 100-year time period. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00039-00020570-00021140 Methane, for example, has a Global Warming Potential of 28. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00040-00021140-00021801 That means one tonne of methane is equivalent to 28 tonnes of carbon dioxide. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00041-00021801-00022501 So if 1,000 tonnes of methane are generated annually by a landfill site, this is equal +YwdWmcTgwWy-00042-00022501-00022985 to 28,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, or “CO2e.” +YwdWmcTgwWy-00043-00022985-00023465 We’ve established that not all greenhouse gases are created equal. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00044-00023465-00024195 But, by using “tonnes of CO2e” we have a common unit that we can use. +YwdWmcTgwWy-00045-00024195-00024748 This allows us to measure and compare different greenhouse gases, and understand their combined +YwdWmcTgwWy-00046-00024748-00024901 impact on climate change. +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00000-00000085-00000429 hello, friends welcome to the creation of broadcaster speech +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00001-00000622-00000822 What will is an open source software? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00002-00000867-00001059 cooperating a website +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00003-00001059-00001376 Having a website has various advantages quality to faculty +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00004-00001441-00002202 It will help to share the study materials for the students, also it will have to process the students are providing activities and assignments +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00005-00002365-00002759 in this session, we will go through the steps for creating of a page +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00006-00002842-00003314 Customizing your site create a blog host creating a, menu or a ghost +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00007-00003405-00003605 reordering or menu +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00008-00003714-00003864 To, begin with +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00009-00003864-00004064 Let us go for the wordpress +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00010-00004071-00004736 Web page so under the google i have typed the word press here you can go for create. Your, own. Website a +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00011-00004998-00005627 Web page will be opened wherein you're getting an option to get started the song get started +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00012-00006205-00006429 So here it shows our? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00013-00006480-00006664 one of the three steps +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00014-00006664-00007259 Varying you can, complete the process of plating your, web page so you have certain next steps now +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00015-00007259-00007883 You, have write the name of your site, what for it is used. 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Palomita, my, name wordpress.com +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00026-00012867-00013112 So here you can, add the sites rocks +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00027-00013168-00013847 Media and we can do the comments. Customize the theme saya so on now the simpler thing is let us see how +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00028-00013847-00014126 To, add the block so this is one of the blog, which is present here? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00029-00014131-00014805 And the name ict have given the name ict i've given, some message here let, me see how to show +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00030-00014805-00015143 You, how to do this one so here work of rock posts +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00031-00015853-00016374 So here these are all some of the box, which already have been regenerated if i want to add a +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00032-00016374-00016574 New, block click on add button? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00033-00016789-00016989 So here have to type the title +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00034-00017389-00017630 We'll just use something fun title as an example +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00035-00018187-00018387 So this is a title of my block +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00036-00018445-00018645 Now here we are having? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00037-00018736-00019272 Different options like i can, add the content from somewhere that is i can import the contents from the other +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00038-00019390-00019848 Sources or again, copy the paragraph here you can just see that you have, some options +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00039-00019912-00020178 Which are present in your microsoft word which is well known +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00040-00020178-00020489 By all, also we can, add a link, we can insert a link +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00041-00020527-00021161 From the outer sources in your sister from your system and so on and also you can go for the html +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00042-00021211-00021638 View so just i will start i can just type, some information +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00043-00021691-00021891 like, we +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00044-00024124-00024651 So this is the message would have typed, so after typing this i can just preview +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00045-00024673-00024920 My, block how it appears on my +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00046-00024967-00025296 Site here so just now i created this +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00047-00025333-00025920 Block and this is a way how it is going to up here so once i do this i have now, previewed? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00048-00025920-00026183 My, site and you can just see the other sites +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00049-00026183-00026979 Also, present here the other boxes represent here so once you preview. If you're satisfied this close here and go for publish +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00050-00027052-00027470 So it asks whether, we have to publish immediately or and whether it's a public or me +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00051-00027477-00028164 We have to probably publish it publicly so i just say i want to publish it immediately just move on publishing +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00052-00028639-00029048 So now you can just see that it has been published now here +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00053-00029185-00029720 The next thing, what we can, do here is i will show. You one of the, main things +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00054-00029875-00029989 wherein +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00055-00029989-00030308 You can, go for again, and just go for my sites +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00056-00030370-00030541 if i want to +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00057-00030541-00030669 customize the themes i can +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00058-00030669-00031304 Do it here or if i want to i we let us go for this add the media this add the media is one option? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00059-00031381-00031476 Wherein you can +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00060-00031476-00032139 go For addition of the hospitals in your website so go for add media here it is +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00061-00032173-00032345 giving the option of you can +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00062-00032345-00032804 Add the images documents videos audios etc now let us +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00063-00032851-00033236 Take an example i want to add some file and this book or add new? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00064-00033496-00034077 Now it gives you water is the thing you want to add here so i'll just go for +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00065-00034204-00034404 some material here i +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00066-00034612-00034932 Want to add some ppt here, so i'm just saying open +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00067-00035098-00035360 So this is the material, which is now getting added? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00068-00035600-00036276 So in this way i can, add the material i can get the material from the resources available in your system +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00069-00036329-00036618 This can, be saved and can be used for the later use +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00070-00036713-00036875 the next +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00071-00036875-00037345 We'll just go for a very important one that is how, we are going to create your +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00072-00037345-00037653 own menus so to do that this copy were +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00073-00037859-00038073 website here +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00074-00038252-00038764 And just go for wp. Dash admin +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00075-00039110-00039327 so this opens, your dashboard +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00076-00039464-00039708 This, is the dashboard of your website so +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00077-00039764-00040371 Here you have a menu of the options, again, you can view your posts whatever you have done you can leave your +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00078-00040372-00040842 Media from the library as i have done just now you can go for inserting the links you can +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00079-00040843-00041451 Go, for inserting the pages and so on i will go now or go through the details about the appearance of how +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00080-00041452-00041914 We are going to have your, web page so just click on our appearance button here +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00081-00042050-00042558 So you have many of the options under this appearance the first one is themes so i can +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00082-00042559-00042945 go, for changing of the themes of my, web page i can, customize +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00083-00042997-00043560 My, web page i can, add some widgets to the, web page here let, me go for this one how +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00084-00043561-00044176 To, add the menus to your, web page so just click on menu so these are all the means this is the mini structure +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00085-00044176-00044375 Which is already present for my website +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00086-00044375-00044889 Now if i suppose, want to add a new one then i can go for create a, new, menu? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00087-00045002-00045232 So let us create a, new, menu i can just +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00088-00045316-00045621 Select it to be the i can just go for +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00089-00045701-00046128 Free as the menu name here let, me take it iit +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00090-00046325-00046957 Iit moonray so new, menu no it's a great venue a. New, menu will, now be created? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00091-00047288-00048033 So if i want to add the pages are can it ability added to the top level now if i just will save you all +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00092-00048113-00048370 So here you will be able to see my +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00093-00048458-00048590 Newly added +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00094-00048590-00048865 after i save this, menu i can, view that +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00095-00049766-00050524 So this is how, we are going to add the menus now how, you can, reorder the menus i can just go for +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00096-00050681-00050992 So this is my present, menu i can, reorder the? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00097-00051116-00051538 Structured list menu no suppose you can the stops over here this is nptel and +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00098-00051614-00052206 I, want to make this next one as a sub item of this nptel then i can just drag this +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00099-00052259-00052909 So if i drag this end that live under this then it is shown as a sub item for this nptel +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00100-00053258-00053458 Eunice a may if i want to +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00101-00053504-00053657 Make, this +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00102-00053657-00054147 Menu to be at the top i can just drag it and bring it at the top of your +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00103-00054182-00054573 Menu and once i do this i'll have to save the menu +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00104-00055439-00055849 so once it is saved it shows that it has been updated i +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00105-00055863-00056338 Can just walk on my sites and again leave the changes changes whatever has been +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00106-00056441-00056641 present in here +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00107-00057176-00057556 So within this see here earlier this was at the bottom now +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00108-00057556-00057934 We have able to see to your observe it here and i have added up +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00109-00058025-00058381 Nptel one item for the same weekend which is also shown here? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00110-00058613-00059296 So now once after going through a mini structure and additional nation of convenience let, me just plug in go for, my sites and +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00111-00059351-00059776 I now i can show. You how, to add the different site pages +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00112-00060275-00060586 So in if i want these are all my presents pages +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00113-00060605-00061186 Which i have already created if i want to add a. New page i can just go for click add on the site pages +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00114-00061248-00061489 Again i can, give the topic +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00115-00061935-00062174 Here and i can, add some? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00116-00062306-00063004 Content from out the media i am now, adding the content from the media so just this is one of the content +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00117-00063004-00063170 Which i want to add? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00118-00063170-00063454 So here go for insert +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00119-00063527-00063727 So this will be inserted in your +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00120-00063747-00064354 Or title under this the title int so now i can just go for the previewing of this page +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00121-00064463-00064663 so once i preview, this page +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00122-00064674-00065059 So you can just see here int is one of the page or a +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00123-00065060-00065423 Site, which have created and this is the content that, what i am? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00124-00065487-00065734 Added for this so now, we find it that is it's the link? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00125-00065735-00066029 Which is present from the medium no? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00126-00066029-00066530 Media, which is available so if i just click on this the information is going to up here here +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00127-00066908-00067201 So here, we have the information, which, we can open? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00128-00067501-00067739 So this is the information, which has been opened here +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00129-00068296-00068496 now, again i can just +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00130-00068539-00069153 As i'm satisfied with, this if i'm satisfied with this and i just close this and i'll go for publish +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00131-00069235-00069648 So, again i can just i won't immediately publish or, also again +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00132-00069670-00069870 Schedule this for the different dates +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00133-00069892-00069942 suppose +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00134-00069942-00070695 i Want to publish it on 30th you can just click here otherwise i mean this book or publish immediately so that will be again published +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00135-00071341-00071870 So once it is published i can, visit the site so here i am able to view this page +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00136-00072307-00072533 Again if i can go for the visit site +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00137-00072694-00073307 So this is my site so under my sites again, the same where you have as, well they explain, how +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00138-00073308-00073719 To, add the block i have explained how, to add the media and also we can, give the comments +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00139-00073753-00073962 Which is already present and i can update that? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00140-00074020-00074384 Suppose i want to again, update this, my page iit +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00141-00074626-00074826 In just go for this +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00142-00075292-00075492 Again if i add see? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00143-00075556-00075751 Earlier it was showing the? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00144-00075751-00076461 Thing here the tab has published title as it's a present page it the next time whenever you keep on adding the things here +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00145-00076461-00076661 We just fierce as update +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00146-00076705-00076995 So, we have to update the page and again close +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00147-00077218-00077850 So this is how, we okay you can update your present pages or, also you can, add other new, pages if i just? +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00148-00077944-00078144 go, to, my, site and +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00149-00078214-00078414 if i say view site +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00150-00078460-00078660 It shows, my present page +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00151-00078712-00079344 So friends whatever are options i have explained are very few, from the available, many such options in the wordpress +Yx0ijjlW9CQ-00152-00079411-00079916 Learners can, explore these options and enhance their skills regarding the wordpress thank you +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00000-00000502-00000717 Hello everybody! +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00001-00000717-00001173 This video will show you how to create an Oracle VirtualBox virtual machine, and how +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00002-00001173-00001723 to recover data from a virtual disk of such machine after a failure or when the virtual +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00003-00001723-00001889 machine can’t start. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00004-00001889-00002300 In order to create a virtual machine: • Install and run Oracle VirtualBox. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00005-00002300-00002578 Its official webpage: https://www.virtualbox.org/ +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00006-00002578-00003061 • Click the New button in the toolbar at the top of the window. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00007-00003061-00003460 • In the wizard window, enter the name of the new virtual machine. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00008-00003460-00003756 • The operating system type that you are going to install. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00009-00003756-00003976 • In our case, that is Microsoft Windows. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00010-00003976-00004478 Version - Windows 10 64-bit • Please note that you can install onto +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00011-00004478-00004886 your virtual machine not only Windows, but also other operating systems, including Linux. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00012-00004886-00005389 • Next • Assign the memory size you’d like to +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00013-00005389-00005581 give this virtual machine. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00014-00005581-00005773 It is recommended to have at least 2 Gb. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00015-00005773-00006376 • I allocate 4 Gb because my computer has 8Gb of memory installed. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00016-00006376-00006931 To make sure the virtual machine is not going to be too hard for your PC to handle, I recommend +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00017-00006931-00007568 setting its memory size at no more than 50% of the actual memory available. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00018-00007568-00007943 • Next • Select settings for the hard disk of the +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00019-00007943-00008081 virtual machine. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00020-00008081-00008403 You can create a new one or connect an existing one. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00021-00008403-00008932 • I select Create a new virtual hard disk • Create +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00022-00008932-00009357 • In the next window, select the virtual hard disk type. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00023-00009357-00009893 By the way, there is also an Expert mode button, clicking on which you can access more hard +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00024-00009893-00010040 disk settings. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00025-00010040-00010685 Now let’s get back to virtual disk types: A user can choose the disk format for the +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00026-00010685-00010875 machine being created. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00027-00010875-00011067 By default, it is VDI. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00028-00011067-00011460 If you don’t need to use the disk with other software virtualization products, you can +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00029-00011460-00011685 leave this setting as it is. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00030-00011685-00012160 But if you expect to use this disk with other virtual machines, please remember that: +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00031-00012160-00012588 • VDI (VirtualBox Disk Image) is a disk format compatible with Oracle VirtualBox; +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00032-00012588-00013075 • VMDK (Virtual Machine Disk) is a disk format compatible with VMware Workstation; +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00033-00013075-00013618 • VHD, VHDX (Virtual Hard Disk) is compatible with Microsoft Hyper-V; +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00034-00013618-00013926 • HDD (Parallels Hard Disk) is a Parallels disk format; +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00035-00013926-00014199 • QED (QEMU enhanced disk) is the format for QEMU/KVM; +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00036-00014199-00014640 • QCOW (QEMU Copy-On-Write) is the format for QEMU (qcow2). +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00037-00014640-00015062 • In this window, you can also set the size of the disk you are creating. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00038-00015062-00015208 The size can be anything you like. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00039-00015208-00015679 But it’s better to have at least 30 Gb, and make sure that your hard disk still has +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00040-00015679-00015987 enough space after you create the virtual machine. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00041-00015987-00016416 That is because your virtual machine may become larger in the course of work. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00042-00016416-00016723 • You can also choose the format: dynamically allocated or fixed-size. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00043-00016723-00017311 Dynamically allocated option is more efficient in terms of saving hard disk space, as such +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00044-00017311-00017755 virtual disk will grow when more data is saved there. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00045-00017755-00017856 • Next +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00046-00017856-00018273 The virtual machine is created and we can see it in the list on the left. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00047-00018273-00018572 All of its settings are shown on the right. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00048-00018572-00019030 • Run the virtual machine by clicking on Start, shown as a green arrow in the toolbar. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00049-00019030-00019422 • As our virtual machine has no operating system installed, we have to show the path +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00050-00019422-00019575 to the installation disk. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00051-00019575-00020163 By default, it is the CD/DVD drive - in our case, disk D. However, by clicking on this +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00052-00020163-00020658 icon - a folder with a green arrow - you can change the path and select an ISO image or +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00053-00020658-00020806 a USB drive instead. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00054-00020806-00021337 Watch another video on our channel to see how to create a bootable USB drive to install +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00055-00021337-00021554 Windows; find the link in the description. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00056-00021554-00022061 • I specify the path to the ISO image I have prepared beforehand. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00057-00022061-00022425 • Next • After that, Windows installation starts. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00058-00022425-00022868 Installing Windows on an Oracle VirtualBox virtual machine is similar to making a clean +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00059-00022868-00023161 installation on a desktop or laptop computer. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00060-00023161-00023429 That is why I won’t go into details. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00061-00023429-00023884 Watch another video by our channel to see how to make a clean installation of Windows. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00062-00023884-00024308 You will find the link in the description. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00063-00024308-00024768 After the operating system is installed, you will have another (that is, virtual) operating +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00064-00024768-00025175 system that works inside the operating system of your computer. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00065-00025175-00025816 All files of this operating system (both system files and user files) are stored on the computer’s +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00066-00025816-00025916 hard disk. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00067-00025916-00026699 By default, this folder is named VirtualBox VMs and can be found here: +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00068-00026699-00027202 C:\Users\UserName\VirtualBox VMs Note: you can change location of the virtual +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00069-00027202-00027487 machines folder in the program settings if necessary. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00070-00027487-00028458 To do it, go to File / Preferences / General and specify the folder you want to place virtual +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00071-00028458-00028683 machines in. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00072-00028683-00029088 The main files of an Oracle VM VirtualBox virtual machine are as follows: +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00073-00029088-00029725 • *.vbox – a settings file describing the virtual machine and its settings; +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00074-00029725-00030469 • And actually the virtual machine disk image file - *.vdi (or *.vmdk, *.vhd, *.vhdx, +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00075-00030469-00031058 *.hdd, *.qed, *.qcow, depending on the format of the virtual disk that you have selected +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00076-00031058-00031264 during installation). +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00077-00031264-00031689 While the virtual machine is running, the program can create additional files or folders +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00078-00031689-00032043 if necessary: • Logs – the folder containing virtual +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00079-00032043-00032452 machine log files; • Snapshots – the folder containing virtual +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00080-00032452-00032903 machine snapshot files (images of the virtual machine condition). +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00081-00032903-00033366 In this video, I want to show you one trick, just in case if for some reason your virtual +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00082-00033366-00033719 machine is no longer working, and there are important files on its disks. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00083-00033719-00033960 I will show you how to recover them. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00084-00033960-00034581 Though Oracle VirtualBox is a virtual machine, real data can be saved there. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00085-00034581-00035123 As we have already said, all files stored in virtual machine disks are located in .vdi +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00086-00035123-00035383 files of the virtual disk (in our case). +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00087-00035383-00035800 Hetman Partition Recovery, the program for hard disk data recovery, has the function +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00088-00035800-00036233 of mounting virtual disks and recovering data from such disks. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00089-00036233-00036828 You can download Hetman Partition Recovery here. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00090-00036828-00037086 In order to get access to virtual machine files: +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00091-00037086-00037186 1. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00092-00037186-00037488 Run Hetman Partition Recovery and mount the virtual machine disk. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00093-00037488-00037962 If there are several of them, you can mount them all at once or one by one. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00094-00037962-00038506  To mount a virtual disk with the help of Hetman Partition Recovery, click on Mount +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00095-00038506-00038788 Disk in the quick access menu of the program. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00096-00038788-00039128 As a result, the window of choosing a virtual disk will open. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00097-00039128-00039579  Go to the folder containing the virtual machine and choose the necessary virtual disk +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00098-00039579-00039680 file. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00099-00039680-00039781  Open +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00100-00039781-00039882 2. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00101-00039882-00040337 As you do that, the section “Mounted Disks” containing the list of mounted virtual disks +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00102-00040337-00040834 will appear in the window, where all disks found by the application are shown. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00103-00040834-00041209 If you mount several disks, you will see the entire disk list there. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00104-00041209-00041309 3. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00105-00041309-00041680 Scan the disk with the application by clicking on the disk in the disk manager +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00106-00041680-00041780 4. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00107-00041780-00042211 After the analysis, the application will show the directory tree of the scanned disk. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00108-00042211-00042311 5. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00109-00042311-00042747 Find and recover the necessary files to a convenient location in your main operating +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00110-00042747-00042847 system. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00111-00042847-00043273 By the way, you can use this method to move files from a virtual machine disk to the main +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00112-00043273-00043457 operating system. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00113-00043457-00043975 The methods we have described for recovering data of an Oracle VM VirtualBox virtual machine +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00114-00043975-00044609 are good for virtual machine regardless of their virtual disk format: *.vdi, *.vmdk, +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00115-00044609-00045313 *.vhd, *.vhdx, *.hdd, *.qed, *.qcow and they will be absolutely similar for all of these +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00116-00045313-00045491 virtual disk formats. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00117-00045491-00045947 In this video, we have used the *.vdi virtual disk format as an example. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00118-00045947-00046524 I also recommend watching our previous videos on VMWare Workstation and Microsoft Hyper-V +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00119-00046524-00046882 virtual machines; you can find the links in the description of this video. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00120-00046882-00046982 How to create a VMWare virtual machine and recover data from a VMDK disk with VMFS. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00121-00046982-00047082 How to create a Microsoft Hyper V virtual machine and recover data from a VHDX disk. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00122-00047082-00047182 That is all for now. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00123-00047182-00047525 If you liked this video, click the Like button below and subscribe to our channel to see +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00124-00047525-00047625 more. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00125-00047625-00047866 We’ll be glad to answer any questions in comments. +Yz8i_OXzpGQ-00126-00047866-00048018 Thank you for watching and good luck! +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00000-00001211-00001832 Cholesterol builds up in our lonely blood cell cancer +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00001-00001832-00002511 Oh yes, when atherosclerosis +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00002-00002511-00003384 The diameter of the blood vessel is 2 how much I give it to me +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00003-00003384-00003985 Oh no first +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00004-00003985-00005103 Yes, you can see a so-called moon-night heart attack and myocardial infarction if you grow up with less trouble. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00005-00005103-00006051 He asked how he was treating the accumulated cholesterol now. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00006-00006051-00006693 Oh, I just did System 2 and I drank much like this +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00007-00006693-00007466 Now, I’m using that stent to treat my daughter first. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00008-00007720-00008582 Yes, this is a blood vessel like this, but Yanggwa will cut a blood vessel here to show my hair +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00009-00008582-00009473 Well, what's in here right now is 100 million won +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00010-00009473-00010214 No, the blood vessel wall is now the normal blood vessel wall, but what happened here +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00011-00010214-00011365 It’s like this because it’s piled up. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00012-00011365-00012400 At that time, I’m getting taller here and it’s a big deal. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00013-00012400-00013618 What can you see here? Yes, this is an example of a bite pattern with a very strong plus c tick +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00014-00013618-00014353 There's no water now and that spell goes to the surface of the push tick pouch +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00015-00014353-00014947 There are things like this +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00016-00014947-00015763 Oh, if you break up like this, it will be like this. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00017-00015763-00016969 Uh, what are you doing right now, is it dangerous in this narrowed state? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00018-00016969-00018091 So, if it’s narrowed like this and it’s not oily, if you eat it while watching the fried pork belly +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00019-00018091-00018978 Ah everyone, as you know, the rain is sticky. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00020-00018978-00019784 Oh, and in that case, in some cases, +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00021-00019895-00020651 It’s a normal healthy Sull tube. The blood vessels have three layers. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00022-00020651-00021731 Next to the network of blood vessels, the middle membrane is now the muscle layer. Because of the muscular spine, the blood vessels may stretch. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00023-00021731-00022790 Uh ah, you can contract like this, and that's it. Next, this is the 5th layer of e. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00024-00022790-00023822 Inje, I don’t do that exercise, I eat a lot of meat in the Halle store, and the curls dori is uh +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00025-00023822-00024820 There is no vegetarian intention. Everyone, when you eat like this now, it’s caught from the outside, and the status of access is given and calligraphy +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00026-00024973-00026295 So, by the way, when I get stressed out and active oxygen plays a role again, the sound piles up evenly +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00027-00026295-00027301 It's cheap, and in some cases, it's like something pops up in between. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00028-00027301-00028306 If it changes, there is something like this sticky rice cake on the muui, and it bursts +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00029-00028306-00029323 As you come out so tightly, this is where you come out and block the blood vessels like an i5 de chudo pipe +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00030-00029323-00030522 I hung this blood clot on this blood clot. Oh, so I give it the meaning of such a stopper +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00031-00030522-00031557 In the fire hydrant, water comes out to turn off the multi-purpose fire. So this is what causes blood vessels to be blocked. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00032-00031557-00032114 If I leave it to you, now a little serious +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00033-00032114-00033162 So yes, blood doesn't go through the heart, so the heart trembles and in some cases the heart stops +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00034-00033162-00033568 Oh, it’s the case of going to +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00035-00033568-00034236 Oh so now so this is alcohol ah +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00036-00034387-00035548 This is called vascular thrombosis. It means that it will be blocked. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00037-00035548-00036618 A friendly dog's tone is produced, and if it is a member of this kind, it is called a cerebral infarction. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00038-00036671-00037930 Now, now, how can I treat the atherosclerosis process like this? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00039-00038028-00038955 Now take the transfer from the outside through this blue tube +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00040-00038966-00039972 Oh, the times and the pressure of the water are staffed. Then, the water of the plastic order becomes scientific disgust. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00041-00039972-00040519 Yes, then what will happen +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00042-00040519-00041250 Yes 242, how to forcefully confirm it +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00043-00041262-00041681 Then what would it sound like +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00044-00041725-00042804 Kindness From now on, the law is amazing, but I don’t even need this one. I don’t check me as it expands. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00045-00042804-00043561 So, there is also 10 o'clock in the tattered node, so the load screen to be loaded is less load 2 +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00046-00043561-00044215 If the emotion to turn on gets tattered, it will stick to the node and block the three blood vessels. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00047-00044215-00044896 Oh here, if you're a nice guy with a so-called stent, +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00048-00044896-00045781 It's like a device announcement, so when you open it and make it at baud rate. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00049-00045781-00046467 2 2 incision not wind +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00050-00046555-00047180 If the hill is like this, the hands are uh +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00051-00047180-00048224 In order to get a highway, I put this part of the road name. Then what should I do? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00052-00048224-00048950 How can I get rid of the advantage? What do you think if you cut it off? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00053-00048950-00049873 There is something like that cliff in the distance, then I need to fight to live here. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00054-00050090-00050828 Yesterday, this is a road and what should I do here? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00055-00050859-00051975 Cuckoo pointed out, right, oh oh oh, what to do later, how do you take the wire mesh ah, don't roll it down +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00056-00051975-00052958 Yes, you know, so now +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00057-00052958-00053351 But when this happens +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00058-00053379-00054573 This narrowing, the old blood vessels widen, and I don’t know how cool it is. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00059-00054573-00055125 It’s frustrating. It’s musical. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00060-00055125-00056010 The first oxygen is not supplied enough, but if you do this, +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00061-00056010-00056408 Yes zea +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00062-00056408-00057301 Then, this is called a cure. Then, after treating it like this, +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00063-00057362-00057912 I was cured +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00064-00057912-00059384 Why do it Yes Oh, I just painted it like this and kept doing it like in the old days. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00065-00059482-00060511 The query shot here is also a child. You know, so human treatment is really pathetic. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00066-00060511-00061410 You know, this time, that is, the water news is also on the homepage. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00067-00061498-00062313 I had a kidney transplant, but it got worse again. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00068-00062313-00063363 Also, the kidney has been damaged since hemodialysis. He is doing hemodialysis again. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00069-00063363-00064233 No, but now that I have a kidney transplant, what do I have to keep eating +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00070-00064233-00064926 North American girls and their own immunosuppressants gathered, so Kisha Po keeps being suppressed and soccer +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00071-00064926-00066261 So, I have thyroid cancer again now, and there is no principle in the treatment of modern medicine. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00072-00066261-00066668 Uh one 7 what is it +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00073-00066695-00067652 I have to check you in Won. So, oh and uh, 4 people +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00074-00067652-00068493 It takes life to turn it back on. Oh, there is a principle like this. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00075-00068493-00068696 uh +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00076-00068761-00069979 So now, but then, how can I heal it? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00077-00069979-00070982 Oh, what will happen to healing If you follow the skills you have learned until many times +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00078-00070982-00071693 Is the answer behind the news start once low? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00079-00071693-00072581 Uh then uh When you do a new start, the saying that it's going to be low is another word, what do you mean? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00080-00072581-00073577 In order to be able to fly, there is a pro g, that is, God's rule point & type is wide +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00081-00073577-00074842 Then what came out that created that nomadic mascar What u have created a gene that produces a certain substance +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00082-00074927-00075454 Right now, the problem is raising this core. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00083-00075607-00076523 It’s a filter sound. This is a problem. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00084-00076523-00077658 I prepared, but what kind of material this gene is not going to be really good at. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00085-00077772-00078781 Sell ​​5 5 Even if I don't do this, what do I do? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00086-00078781-00080095 It’s called balloon angio flush t, but you don’t have to do this again +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00087-00080095-00080950 God has prepared everything so that it can be erased, so Newsta Bon Dodge +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00088-00080950-00082291 Oh, then, the gene was made into our hepatocyte neo gene. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00089-00082291-00082704 What material can I produce +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00090-00082833-00084187 That’s right, cholesterol is a man who makes a gene to produce a substance that dissolves it. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00091-00084187-00084760 So if you study genetic mutation in this medicine, +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00092-00084760-00085902 God knows that we will get cancer. God knows that we will get cancer. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00093-00085902-00086565 By eating the mungu and piling up Paul s, the arterial reinforcement was created. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00094-00086565-00087491 What else is it even though I know that there will be an inner book in the blood +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00095-00087491-00088537 It is also called a gene that produces a substance that releases cholesterol. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00096-00088572-00089324 4 Yes, so scientists have +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00097-00089324-00090506 If there is a gene in the moky substance, then that substance would be produced in our body. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00098-00090506-00092073 That's why people shouldn't eat the pork belly even if they eat it for the first time. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00099-00092073-00092698 Kraken +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00100-00092888-00093610 If God is so, the story is so piled up again +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00101-00094030-00095056 The reason why I felt that the blood vessels drawn by water could not be eaten in the case of arteries like this was +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00102-00095056-00095803 How do you put that cholesterol in the enchanted substance? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00103-00095803-00096528 Because I give you the pearl s taboo with so much sun +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00104-00096551-00098007 The bias is that every pair of Sota personality islands does not melt and die +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00105-00098013-00099419 Uh 4 3 It's been nurturing and the marketplaces are too much food, too. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00106-00099419-00100866 If the substance that releases cholesterol is not well blocked, what is the case when the substance is not produced by such a walk. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00107-00100866-00101105 Case +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00108-00101243-00101881 That's right, because the user's gene is turned off +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00109-00101998-00103229 It was amazing. Then that big soup was stressed out and it resulted in a problem in our mind. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00110-00103229-00103861 Yes so ah uh +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00111-00103861-00105176 It’s actually cancerous that we also have various diseases. From how young +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00112-00105176-00106480 Ah, I left you suffering from a skin disease That pain, itching, something like this, this question, what, what, what, what, what, what 2 +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00113-00106480-00107444 If two minutes are good enough, then Earl does not close a few Shim Jae-hoon and sleep. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00114-00107444-00108760 Maybe your mind will work. Yes, be like this. So what, so, what is that substance? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00115-00108760-00109549 They traced ah, and then they name the rice +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00116-00109550-00109900 This tax cut is already alive, but 4 +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00117-00109900-00110894 2 heel yes high bench ty to open +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00118-00110894-00112432 If this water tooth is produced in the liver, you can play with the 2 hd led in the blood and shake it off and do not open the blood vessels. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00119-00112432-00112840 It also softens +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00120-00112918-00113496 So there's no martial arts, so I've met something +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00121-00113496-00114198 Turning on only the gene and only the three generations Today, you only need an electronic sign. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00122-00114198-00114508 Not the courier theme +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00123-00114517-00115894 That's right, if you've learned this much from newsstarts, from now on I'll call Park Cha-sama because I'm using Dr.’s adoption plan. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00124-00115894-00116741 Don’t you know 1 Or what disease will humans get +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00125-00116741-00118166 How do you pretend it all in advance, and prepare everything so that even when you get sick, you can be healed again. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00126-00118166-00118417 indeed +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00127-00118540-00119634 So ah yeah ah +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00128-00119634-00120445 Take a 100m gap and take a lecture that is as large as a day. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00129-00120445-00121953 Yes, that’s why I have to boast unconditionally to the village of Big Ah, not the conditional God I have learned up to this time. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00130-00121953-00122967 Oh so ah now, really sleep so we were +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00131-00122967-00123525 Ah, the sense of inje hymn is still +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00132-00123525-00124701 There is a beaver who only listens, yeah, how do you know what works better than listening? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00133-00124701-00125764 Now, sometimes, sometimes, ah ah ah ah ah +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00134-00125764-00127051 I have to laugh, but now that I’m talking like this, I have to do this. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00135-00127051-00127760 Yeah ah uh uh what did you think so +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00136-00128256-00128735 Come out and say a word +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00137-00128735-00129998 How did you have your thoughts Yes, yes, so yes, but what is that +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00138-00130050-00130944 Oh, especially the 5 I did, I don't want to write o I'm actively thinking like this +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00139-00130944-00131703 Oh, that’s why it’s because of drinking water. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00140-00131703-00132424 Chop it up, let's do that +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00141-00132424-00133606 I prophesied by knowing the reason that I turned on me the other day before, without harming others and doing no harm to others in the tree +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00142-00133606-00134728 It is informative why it is informative according to folks ah we laugh when endorphins are chansu no t bus +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00143-00134728-00135217 Yes, then laughter and +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00144-00135217-00136060 What always turns on the gene covered by him? It really happens together. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00145-00136060-00136990 So ah, when endorphins come out, they laugh and uh and uh and cry again +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00146-00136990-00138010 It’s like this. So, when endorphins are produced, I laughed immediately. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00147-00138010-00138252 5 uh +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00148-00138278-00139049 Come a little bit, oh, I listened and later laughed more and later I got 100 laws +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00149-00139049-00140597 Oh this is why, when I have a nose, I barely feel sad, so how the endorphin gene turns on more and raises it, so I get more and sell it in this correlation +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00150-00140597-00141568 Because in many cases, it hurts even if it is funny +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00151-00141594-00142241 Everyone in the afterlife is my high genetic laugh, it looks like we are +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00152-00142280-00143150 First of all, let’s write it down and eat it the other day as usual on the day for it. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00153-00143150-00144423 So this genetic turn on, and I don’t want to, and I don’t feel like wearing clothes +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00154-00144423-00145470 I overcame the tingling feelings and getting rid of the tinglingness +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00155-00145470-00146249 I want to do genes enough to overcome I want to change the vitality +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00156-00146249-00147092 Adam couldn't do 10 Yes, wait for the 1 sound source to choose it. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00157-00147092-00148408 Uh, only veins, so I make that choice boldly, how do I get through the mugwort? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00158-00148408-00150405 Then, who is the one who hinders, blocks, and blocks my choices with the mugwort that hinders me from making such powerful bold choices? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00159-00150405-00151041 I don’t care about that. So the pressure doesn’t even wear this note as a hostel +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00160-00151041-00152347 Somehow, among the words that the division uses, what is the most frequently used word? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00161-00152347-00152898 Isn't the hostel hot? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00162-00152898-00154022 Oh, it’s not all. Oh, what other people said, here we are, let’s eat. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00163-00154022-00154943 In fact, because I’m not there, I’m singing +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00164-00154943-00155783 Why don't you look so terribly weird? Why do you go without a line? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00165-00155783-00156818 So if you are the most uncomfortable with the eyes of others and the route is too much, then there is a good number +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00166-00156818-00157447 Take out the phone and take it 2 ah ah +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00167-00157744-00158269 Oh yes, I can’t actually do that every day, so I learned from him +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00168-00158269-00159388 I decided to use the thickness of the hemp for 2 minutes. Originally, I will always be round without coming. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00169-00159388-00159943 9194 adverb +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00170-00159943-00161371 I regret something too much. Oh, when I was able to live happily, I got cancer and I saw that I lived that way. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00171-00161371-00161962 Take it off and like this +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00172-00161962-00162564 Oh, please call a lot of you from the temple today +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00173-00162580-00163693 So, yes, my teacher tells me that I am reducing this to 7 +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00174-00163693-00165093 Ah, now I can fly, but if I choose this powerfully, I couldn't digest it so much, so I have to eat 2000 wheat rice +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00175-00165093-00165783 I have no choice but to eat rice, and Kai is suffering from my mother. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00176-00165783-00166247 Oh so this +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00177-00166247-00166986 It's 1 and I'm just talking Busan +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00178-00166986-00167688 saw lf yes so 2 +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00179-00167688-00167924 so +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00180-00167949-00168912 Oh, yes, I regret that so much. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00181-00168912-00170117 Oh, I'm going to open up with a smile. Oh, so, why don't you wear makeup? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00182-00170117-00171080 I've only done it for a week, and if I do it for a week, there are people who laugh +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00183-00171090-00172572 Yeah that's because i tried it, well i don't laugh at all because when i was young some very miserable event couldn't give birth to +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00184-00172572-00173286 So, all of the genes are turned off, it hurts all the time. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00185-00173286-00174159 And even if you just talk in front of people like this, you're not welcome. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00186-00174159-00175016 My 4 legs asked for walnuts in case my name would come out if the teacher asked for loyalty. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00187-00175016-00175412 That's an example +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00188-00175530-00176102 Oh so one day with me +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00189-00176113-00176835 Oh, do you have a compartment in your heart? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00190-00176835-00177392 Im not tongue ah i 4 +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00191-00177392-00178147 I just risk my life and what? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00192-00178147-00179354 So what's the first thing I've wanted to do so far is to laugh Oh stick to that Sorry, what should I do? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00193-00179354-00180004 So, it sticks to it and spreads it all further +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00194-00180054-00180734 I can’t even laugh out loud, so it’s an expression +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00195-00181017-00181698 Everyone, that's when I took a group photo when I was in junior high school. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00196-00181698-00182508 Looking at that, does my face just eat breakfast? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00197-00182529-00182744 What +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00198-00182886-00184059 So let’s laugh So this face smiles, but Do’s face smiles. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00199-00184059-00184847 I’m using it when I use it. I don’t buy it. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00200-00184847-00185340 Yes, it’s easy to do this +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00201-00185425-00185942 So I look in that mirror too +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00202-00185942-00186666 It was that the face of the child for her was a face that couldn't come. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00203-00186666-00187372 So 4 yeah ah +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00204-00187372-00187647 Because +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00205-00187653-00188069 Oh what +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00206-00188211-00188667 Yes what to empty +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00207-00188716-00189625 First of all, I didn't know why, but even though it was so, I took it as a dorm and practiced +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00208-00189625-00190608 Close the window, and chip and nobody's gone. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00209-00190608-00191515 A little bit or total novelty, you're gonna do it anyway +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00210-00191616-00192590 owa nothing, your sound doesn't come from outside, it's everywhere ah +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00211-00192590-00192926 I'll fly inside +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00212-00192971-00193538 It's us, did I realize the important truth then +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00213-00193538-00194284 What's wrong +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00214-00194352-00195175 Laughing and failing 5 20 selected everyday phrases that prevent you from laughing +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00215-00195175-00195901 5239, the two of us who have lived until this time in the past, can't help but write ah +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00216-00195901-00197479 Oh well, this is a great enemy that our Doctor of Philosophy puts it so that I can't sleep. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00217-00197479-00198015 2 I was in the second year of middle school at that time +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00218-00198015-00198326 I thank you two +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00219-00198533-00199180 You don’t remember much, you can’t live without a night boat +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00220-00199216-00199608 That example is cut off +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00221-00199652-00200326 One of two people is just the building's yeah uh +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00222-00200333-00201157 Aired as a country that formed many people without cigarettes +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00223-00201165-00201743 Moan is not big or it is 1 +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00224-00201800-00202511 That’s why all of us live, so the Bible says +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00225-00202511-00203399 I said yes people that old days when I did something cheap in cigarettes and then did this next +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00226-00203399-00204677 However, the day when the unconditional window of life Holy Spirit entered and finally began to be formed, he is a new person. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00227-00204677-00206329 Uh, it’s my heart because a person has been created in the car where those three people weren't there. So I’m born. That’s why I’m born again. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00228-00206471-00207551 Yeah go do it uh this is the naga that keeps me from making such a change +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00229-00207552-00208134 So how did I taste this guy 10 shots +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00230-00208134-00209433 Okay, somehow, my Hario and health shaki quiet business feet rolled and attached all the time +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00231-00209515-00210315 It will be that 1 1 7 It is obvious, so from then on you will hear that sound +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00232-00210438-00210950 I don't have a week's banner with the deal. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00233-00210986-00211919 Now I have to go to school, look for a tool, look for a product, give me a different face, braid ah +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00234-00211919-00212235 Your expression will be sweet +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00235-00212241-00212978 It's just the next step. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00236-00212978-00213596 But the form huh ah ah ah skin again +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00237-00213596-00214232 Shiga Shiga so that contraction and struggle of people +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00238-00214282-00214923 I walk in two on the words of the evil spirit that keeps my heart from getting sick +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00239-00214934-00215727 Yes, back then, I saw that it was a requirement and didn't know its existence. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00240-00215727-00216155 The Yoo that sin experiences +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00241-00216263-00217504 Another week after it was drawn, I went to school and went to school and went to school. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00242-00217600-00218533 Then, air, as you are so excited, what am I changing now? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00243-00218533-00219119 As I set my goal, I'm getting closer to the goal right now +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00244-00219142-00219721 Then, I now know that summer c +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00245-00219721-00220865 Then, I decided on a goal to fill in during the vacation. You know what the parents’ ticket is. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00246-00220865-00221527 Will you be sure 4 to do without a great goal +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00247-00221527-00222267 Well, that’s why, now we’re in Ulsan, our mother’s house. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00248-00222267-00222810 The value 5 will have in the middle +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00249-00222810-00223878 For the first time inje ah, now it's loudly excellent +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00250-00223906-00224502 That's the time, that's the 10 +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00251-00224553-00225078 I'll buy 13-year-old fruit +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00252-00225196-00225757 1,900 50 7 years +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00253-00225757-00226632 So in 1957, laughter therapy began in Ulsan, Korea. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00254-00226748-00227231 Ah ah ah ah he's the aid of laughter therapy +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00255-00227231-00227442 Yes +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00256-00227473-00228439 That’s why ah ah ah ah I feel like I'm changing the waist +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00257-00228573-00229456 But that’s what it’s like every day. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00258-00229456-00230348 Hey, it’s really from Wonsan to Sanwoolim, so my voice comes back, but it’s so amazing +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00259-00230437-00231427 With a deal, vacation is over, but it's school, just like you started school. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00260-00231427-00232540 Some teacher came in and said very, very, very, very mature, so what’s the frozen class? +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00261-00232540-00233388 Well, I'm going to get a union pavel for surprise and fun +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00262-00233394-00233784 Who will succeed +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00263-00233825-00234396 Oh, be the one with the loudest laughter +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00264-00234778-00235456 What is Sang-gu in 1 +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00265-00235456-00237121 As a result of setting the car goal, step by step cancer step by step, we call the news start to you. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00266-00237316-00238015 And whether there are many comments that the body is weak, +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00267-00238015-00238992 He doesn’t have any jig ratings. My sand is 82. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00268-00239128-00240294 That’s why everyone is scared of ruin. Yes, please come in and win the fund. +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00269-00240294-00241178 [music] +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00270-00241410-00241928 Ah ah ah +Yzw_PPLJkvu-00271-00242042-00242377 [music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00000-00000000-00000200 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00001-00000200-00000400 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00002-00000400-00000600 Foreign language +YD0KTobrfzk-00003-00000600-00000800 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00004-00000800-00001000 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00005-00001000-00001200 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00006-00001200-00001400 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00007-00001400-00001600 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00008-00001600-00001800 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00009-00001800-00002000 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00010-00002000-00002200 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00011-00002200-00002400 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00012-00002400-00002600 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00013-00002600-00002800 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00014-00002800-00003000 [Music] +YD0KTobrfzk-00015-00003000-00003200 [Music] +YH1QzvlA_uY-00000-00000000-00000200 This video shows Jetpack Joyride in vertical. +YHiKeBlwEu8-00000-00000000-00000176 Durham Competition "Craig Kielburger Spartans" +YHiKeBlwEu8-00001-00002912-00003064 4992 with the Red. +YHiKeBlwEu8-00002-00003096-00003690 69 and 3683 are making things happen for the red alliance +YHiKeBlwEu8-00003-00003720-00004110 There is no sitting down and there is no standing still +YHiKeBlwEu8-00004-00004216-00004512 4992 is receiving one of the gears +YHiKeBlwEu8-00005-00004532-00004804 4992 is on the backside over there +YHiKeBlwEu8-00006-00004804-00004994 The Pilots are getting anxious +YHiKeBlwEu8-00007-00005026-00005242 they want to get these rotors happening +YHiKeBlwEu8-00008-00005242-00005394 and they want to get them moving +YHiKeBlwEu8-00009-00005458-00005682 We're getting close to 50 seconds +YHiKeBlwEu8-00010-00005700-00005948 there is 5 points these alliances +YHiKeBlwEu8-00011-00005948-00006096 and anything can happen +YHiKeBlwEu8-00012-00006136-00006448 We've got takeoff over here from 4992 +YHiKeBlwEu8-00013-00006558-00006880 4992 is on that baseline +YHiKeBlwEu8-00014-00006904-00007138 and they are beneath the airship +YHiKeBlwEu8-00015-00007268-00007668 4992 spinning their wheels with their jig in the middle here +YHiKeBlwEu8-00016-00007712-00008095 that's 4992 and 1305 picking up fuel +YHiKeBlwEu8-00017-00008116-00008404 and they are headed towards the boiler area +YHiKeBlwEu8-00018-00008404-00008566 lets see if they can make their mark +YHiKeBlwEu8-00019-00008738-00008932 and the pilots are up top +YHiKeBlwEu8-00020-00008938-00009146 and they are waiting patiently +YHiKeBlwEu8-00021-00009242-00009528 and the ships have left the airport +YItKHtMz0iy-00000-00000006-00000344 Your class uses an Open Educational Resources textbook! +YItKHtMz0iy-00001-00000344-00000750 That’s awesome because OER textbooks are often free and easier to access because they +YItKHtMz0iy-00002-00000750-00000993 are under a creative commons license. +YItKHtMz0iy-00003-00000993-00001511 Creative Commons is a license that can apply to photographs, films, websites, and yes even +YItKHtMz0iy-00004-00001511-00001641 textbooks! +YItKHtMz0iy-00005-00001641-00002090 It means that the person who made it still has copyright ownership, but they’ve chosen +YItKHtMz0iy-00006-00002090-00002557 to make it sharable and easy to reproduce without copyright infringement. +YItKHtMz0iy-00007-00002557-00003078 The one requirement for using any creative commons material is attribution. +YItKHtMz0iy-00008-00003078-00003495 As a student, you’ve probably already heard of attribution because when you cite your +YItKHtMz0iy-00009-00003495-00004085 source, you’re doing the same thing, giving credit to the creator. +YItKHtMz0iy-00010-00004085-00004576 While there is a helpful online form that helps you create attribution for creative +YItKHtMz0iy-00011-00004576-00005072 commons materials, that is intended for giving the author credit when sharing a creative +YItKHtMz0iy-00012-00005072-00005322 commons work in an online format such as… in a blog post, on social media, in an email, +YItKHtMz0iy-00013-00005322-00005422 or on a website. +YItKHtMz0iy-00014-00005422-00005844 But when we give credit to a creative commons source in an academic paper, we must use the +YItKHtMz0iy-00015-00005844-00006226 citation method that is required by the instructor and applicable for the assignment. +YItKHtMz0iy-00016-00006226-00006461 Let’s talk about APA citations for creative commons works. +YItKHtMz0iy-00017-00006461-00006561 We’re going to start with the citation for an online ebook since the OER book we’re +YItKHtMz0iy-00018-00006561-00006661 using is essentially an ebook as well. +YItKHtMz0iy-00019-00006661-00007067 In APA we always cite the author’s full last name followed by a comma, then their +YItKHtMz0iy-00020-00007067-00007259 first initial. +YItKHtMz0iy-00021-00007259-00007643 When your source doesn’t have an author, we will move the title to the beginning of +YItKHtMz0iy-00022-00007643-00007765 the citation like this. +YItKHtMz0iy-00023-00007765-00007865 Communication in the Real World: An Introduction to Communication Studies +YItKHtMz0iy-00024-00007865-00008021 Your title should be italicized. +YItKHtMz0iy-00025-00008021-00008522 Capitalize the first letter in all the major words along with the first word of the title +YItKHtMz0iy-00026-00008522-00008775 and the subtitle. +YItKHtMz0iy-00027-00008775-00009352 Words like “in”, “the”, or “and” should be lowercase. +YItKHtMz0iy-00028-00009352-00009836 Add the publication year in parentheses after the title. +YItKHtMz0iy-00029-00009836-00009936 There should be a period after this. +YItKHtMz0iy-00030-00009936-00010036 (2016.) +YItKHtMz0iy-00031-00010036-00010431 Add the publisher name but leave out the words publishers, co, or inc. +YItKHtMz0iy-00032-00010431-00010531 If it has the words books or press, you’ll leave those in. +YItKHtMz0iy-00033-00010531-00010959 In our case, University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing, we’ll leave out the word Publishing. +YItKHtMz0iy-00034-00010959-00011059 University of Minnesota Libraries +YItKHtMz0iy-00035-00011059-00011390 Finally, we’ll add the URL where we found the source. +YItKHtMz0iy-00036-00011390-00011734 If you are redirected to a new URL, use the final URL. https://open.lib.umn.edu/communication/. +YItKHtMz0iy-00037-00011734-00012345 When you quote or paraphrase a source, you’ll need to use an in-text citation. +YItKHtMz0iy-00038-00012345-00012881 For a source without an author we use the first one or two words in parentheses then +YItKHtMz0iy-00039-00012881-00013151 a comma, and then the year. +YItKHtMz0iy-00040-00013151-00013472 Since we’re using a book, our title is in italics. +YItKHtMz0iy-00041-00013472-00013676 Ready for the MLA version? +YItKHtMz0iy-00042-00013676-00014022 Full author names should be listed with the last name first. +YItKHtMz0iy-00043-00014022-00014369 And we’ll skip this since ours doesn’t have an author. +YItKHtMz0iy-00044-00014369-00014584 Your title should be italicized. +YItKHtMz0iy-00045-00014584-00015115 Capitalize the first letter in all the major words along with the first word of the title +YItKHtMz0iy-00046-00015115-00015315 and the subtitle. +YItKHtMz0iy-00047-00015315-00015763 Words like “in”, “the”, or “and” should be lowercase. +YItKHtMz0iy-00048-00015763-00016104 Communication in the Real World: An Introduction to Communication Studies +YItKHtMz0iy-00049-00016104-00016562 We’ll add the name of the publisher as well and omit any words that mean company such +YItKHtMz0iy-00050-00016562-00016933 as incorporated, limited, corporation, and company. +YItKHtMz0iy-00051-00016933-00017170 That means we leave in the word Publishing this time. +YItKHtMz0iy-00052-00017170-00017486 University of Minnesota Libraries, Add a comma after the publisher and then add +YItKHtMz0iy-00053-00017486-00017601 the published year. +YItKHtMz0iy-00054-00017601-00017701 2016, +YItKHtMz0iy-00055-00017701-00017954 Add the URL where we found the source. +YItKHtMz0iy-00056-00017954-00018223 If you are redirected, use the final URL +YItKHtMz0iy-00057-00018223-00018323 https://open.lib.umn.edu/communication/. +YItKHtMz0iy-00058-00018323-00018707 Finally, we’ll add the date of access to the very end with a period after that. +YItKHtMz0iy-00059-00018707-00018807 Accessed 17 Aug. 2021. +YItKHtMz0iy-00060-00018807-00019400 An in-text citation for MLA also comes after the quote and before the punctuation. +YItKHtMz0iy-00061-00019400-00019854 We'll use a shortened version of the title since we have no author. +YItKHtMz0iy-00062-00019854-00020187 We italicize the title since it's a book. +YItKHtMz0iy-00063-00020187-00020753 If you have questions about creating accurate citations, plagiarism, or accessing online +YItKHtMz0iy-00064-00020753-00021357 textbooks, contact the librarians through the library website at library.shoreline.edu +YLGa13pd5Oo-00000-00000010-00000056 THREE REPLACEMENT PROJECT IS +YLGa13pd5Oo-00001-00000056-00000063 THREE REPLACEMENT PROJECT IS +YLGa13pd5Oo-00002-00000063-00000230 THREE REPLACEMENT PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BE HANDED DOWN SOME +YLGa13pd5Oo-00003-00000230-00000236 THREE REPLACEMENT PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BE HANDED DOWN SOME +YLGa13pd5Oo-00004-00000236-00000393 THREE REPLACEMENT PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BE HANDED DOWN SOME TIME NEXT SPRING. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00005-00000393-00000400 EXPECTED TO BE HANDED DOWN SOME TIME NEXT SPRING. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00006-00000400-00000523 EXPECTED TO BE HANDED DOWN SOME TIME NEXT SPRING. >> JOSH: THE MINNESOTA CAPITAL +YLGa13pd5Oo-00007-00000523-00000530 TIME NEXT SPRING. >> JOSH: THE MINNESOTA CAPITAL +YLGa13pd5Oo-00008-00000530-00000630 TIME NEXT SPRING. >> JOSH: THE MINNESOTA CAPITAL INVESTMENT COMMITTEE VISITED +YLGa13pd5Oo-00009-00000630-00000637 >> JOSH: THE MINNESOTA CAPITAL INVESTMENT COMMITTEE VISITED +YLGa13pd5Oo-00010-00000637-00000750 >> JOSH: THE MINNESOTA CAPITAL INVESTMENT COMMITTEE VISITED CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE IN +YLGa13pd5Oo-00011-00000750-00000757 INVESTMENT COMMITTEE VISITED CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE IN +YLGa13pd5Oo-00012-00000757-00000950 INVESTMENT COMMITTEE VISITED CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE IN BRAINERD TODAY FOR A TOUR OF THE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00013-00000950-00000957 CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE IN BRAINERD TODAY FOR A TOUR OF THE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00014-00000957-00001044 CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE IN BRAINERD TODAY FOR A TOUR OF THE FACILITIES. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00015-00001044-00001051 BRAINERD TODAY FOR A TOUR OF THE FACILITIES. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00016-00001051-00001241 BRAINERD TODAY FOR A TOUR OF THE FACILITIES. CLC HAS REQUESTED FUNDING ON +YLGa13pd5Oo-00017-00001241-00001247 FACILITIES. CLC HAS REQUESTED FUNDING ON +YLGa13pd5Oo-00018-00001247-00001357 FACILITIES. CLC HAS REQUESTED FUNDING ON SEVERAL RENOVATION PROJECTS +YLGa13pd5Oo-00019-00001357-00001364 CLC HAS REQUESTED FUNDING ON SEVERAL RENOVATION PROJECTS +YLGa13pd5Oo-00020-00001364-00001488 CLC HAS REQUESTED FUNDING ON SEVERAL RENOVATION PROJECTS THROUGHOUT THE BRAINERD CAMPUS. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00021-00001488-00001494 SEVERAL RENOVATION PROJECTS THROUGHOUT THE BRAINERD CAMPUS. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00022-00001494-00001578 SEVERAL RENOVATION PROJECTS THROUGHOUT THE BRAINERD CAMPUS. HIGH ON THE LIST ARE UPDATED +YLGa13pd5Oo-00023-00001578-00001584 THROUGHOUT THE BRAINERD CAMPUS. HIGH ON THE LIST ARE UPDATED +YLGa13pd5Oo-00024-00001584-00001761 THROUGHOUT THE BRAINERD CAMPUS. HIGH ON THE LIST ARE UPDATED ROOFS AND MAJOR UPGRADES TO THE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00025-00001761-00001768 HIGH ON THE LIST ARE UPDATED ROOFS AND MAJOR UPGRADES TO THE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00026-00001768-00001848 HIGH ON THE LIST ARE UPDATED ROOFS AND MAJOR UPGRADES TO THE ATHLETIC HALL. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00027-00001848-00001855 ROOFS AND MAJOR UPGRADES TO THE ATHLETIC HALL. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00028-00001855-00001988 ROOFS AND MAJOR UPGRADES TO THE ATHLETIC HALL. THE CURRENT SPACE IS CONSIDERED +YLGa13pd5Oo-00029-00001988-00001995 ATHLETIC HALL. THE CURRENT SPACE IS CONSIDERED +YLGa13pd5Oo-00030-00001995-00002145 ATHLETIC HALL. THE CURRENT SPACE IS CONSIDERED TOO SMALL FOR ALL THE ATHLETES +YLGa13pd5Oo-00031-00002145-00002152 THE CURRENT SPACE IS CONSIDERED TOO SMALL FOR ALL THE ATHLETES +YLGa13pd5Oo-00032-00002152-00002599 THE CURRENT SPACE IS CONSIDERED TOO SMALL FOR ALL THE ATHLETES AND THE STUDENT BODY TO SHARE. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00033-00002599-00002605 TOO SMALL FOR ALL THE ATHLETES AND THE STUDENT BODY TO SHARE. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00034-00002605-00002702 TOO SMALL FOR ALL THE ATHLETES AND THE STUDENT BODY TO SHARE. >> IT'S A TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITY +YLGa13pd5Oo-00035-00002702-00002709 AND THE STUDENT BODY TO SHARE. >> IT'S A TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITY +YLGa13pd5Oo-00036-00002709-00002879 AND THE STUDENT BODY TO SHARE. >> IT'S A TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITY TO SHOW THEM WHERE WE HAVE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00037-00002879-00002886 >> IT'S A TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITY TO SHOW THEM WHERE WE HAVE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00038-00002886-00002989 >> IT'S A TERRIFIC OPPORTUNITY TO SHOW THEM WHERE WE HAVE NEEDS, BUT REALLY THAT'S THE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00039-00002989-00002996 TO SHOW THEM WHERE WE HAVE NEEDS, BUT REALLY THAT'S THE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00040-00002996-00003143 TO SHOW THEM WHERE WE HAVE NEEDS, BUT REALLY THAT'S THE GROUP THAT HAS HELPED US GET +YLGa13pd5Oo-00041-00003143-00003149 NEEDS, BUT REALLY THAT'S THE GROUP THAT HAS HELPED US GET +YLGa13pd5Oo-00042-00003149-00003253 NEEDS, BUT REALLY THAT'S THE GROUP THAT HAS HELPED US GET THIS WONDERFUL FACILITY. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00043-00003253-00003259 GROUP THAT HAS HELPED US GET THIS WONDERFUL FACILITY. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00044-00003259-00003450 GROUP THAT HAS HELPED US GET THIS WONDERFUL FACILITY. SO IT'S OUR OPPORTUNITY TO THANK +YLGa13pd5Oo-00045-00003450-00003456 THIS WONDERFUL FACILITY. SO IT'S OUR OPPORTUNITY TO THANK +YLGa13pd5Oo-00046-00003456-00003596 THIS WONDERFUL FACILITY. SO IT'S OUR OPPORTUNITY TO THANK THEM AND ALSO TELL THEM WHAT IT +YLGa13pd5Oo-00047-00003596-00003603 SO IT'S OUR OPPORTUNITY TO THANK THEM AND ALSO TELL THEM WHAT IT +YLGa13pd5Oo-00048-00003603-00003857 SO IT'S OUR OPPORTUNITY TO THANK THEM AND ALSO TELL THEM WHAT IT IS THAT WE NEED TO IMPROVE THE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00049-00003857-00003863 THEM AND ALSO TELL THEM WHAT IT IS THAT WE NEED TO IMPROVE THE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00050-00003863-00004020 THEM AND ALSO TELL THEM WHAT IT IS THAT WE NEED TO IMPROVE THE CAMPUSES AND MAKE SURE THAT THE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00051-00004020-00004027 IS THAT WE NEED TO IMPROVE THE CAMPUSES AND MAKE SURE THAT THE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00052-00004027-00004120 IS THAT WE NEED TO IMPROVE THE CAMPUSES AND MAKE SURE THAT THE COMMUNITY HAS EVERYTHING THEY +YLGa13pd5Oo-00053-00004120-00004127 CAMPUSES AND MAKE SURE THAT THE COMMUNITY HAS EVERYTHING THEY +YLGa13pd5Oo-00054-00004127-00004334 CAMPUSES AND MAKE SURE THAT THE COMMUNITY HAS EVERYTHING THEY NEED, BECAUSE THIS IS THE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00055-00004334-00004340 COMMUNITY HAS EVERYTHING THEY NEED, BECAUSE THIS IS THE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00056-00004340-00004481 COMMUNITY HAS EVERYTHING THEY NEED, BECAUSE THIS IS THE COMMUNITY'S COLLEGE. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00057-00004481-00004487 NEED, BECAUSE THIS IS THE COMMUNITY'S COLLEGE. +YLGa13pd5Oo-00058-00004487-00004567 NEED, BECAUSE THIS IS THE COMMUNITY'S COLLEGE. >> JOSH: CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00059-00004567-00004574 COMMUNITY'S COLLEGE. >> JOSH: CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00060-00004574-00004684 COMMUNITY'S COLLEGE. >> JOSH: CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE SAYS THAT THESE RENOVATIONS ARE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00061-00004684-00004691 >> JOSH: CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE SAYS THAT THESE RENOVATIONS ARE +YLGa13pd5Oo-00062-00004691-00004741 >> JOSH: CENTRAL LAKES COLLEGE SAYS THAT THESE RENOVATIONS ARE TOP PRIORITY TO ASSURE STUDENT +YNL2xtZdZpI-00000-00002447-00002721 foreign +YNL2xtZdZpI-00001-00002721-00002994 [Music] +YNL2xtZdZpI-00002-00002994-00003268 [Music] +YNL2xtZdZpI-00003-00003268-00003543 [Music] +YNL2xtZdZpI-00004-00003543-00004798 thank you [Music] +YNL2xtZdZpI-00005-00004798-00006003 [Music] +YNL2xtZdZpI-00006-00006003-00007209 [Music] +YNL2xtZdZpI-00008-00013510-00016500 lacking all emotion +YNL2xtZdZpI-00010-00021537-00021637 [Music] +YNL2xtZdZpI-00011-00021637-00021737 [Music] +YNL2xtZdZpI-00012-00021737-00021837 [Music] +YNL2xtZdZpI-00013-00021837-00021937 [Music] +YNL2xtZdZpI-00014-00021937-00021937 thank you foreign [Music] [Applause] +YODVQ70agiI-00000-00000238-00000537 >> Katey Taylor: Thank you very much. +YODVQ70agiI-00001-00000537-00000933 Thank you Mayor Coleman for hosting us in Saint Paul. +YODVQ70agiI-00002-00000933-00001384 Thank you Chairman Tenenbaum and Senator Klobuchar for your continued support +YODVQ70agiI-00003-00001384-00002123 for pool safety and spa safety and for pool safely day, I'd really like to thank Susan Foss +YODVQ70agiI-00004-00002123-00002884 from Foss Swim School for being my cohort and helping us set up the plan for Pool Safely Day +YODVQ70agiI-00005-00002884-00003504 and that people in the community, right here in Saint Paul can come here today and have tips +YODVQ70agiI-00006-00003504-00003733 to learn how to go to the pool safely. +YODVQ70agiI-00007-00003733-00003986 They can have simple steps to save lives. +YODVQ70agiI-00008-00003986-00004531 They can bring their children to the pool today free of charge and Foss swimming -- +YODVQ70agiI-00009-00004531-00004931 Foss Swim School is here to help educate them on how they can go +YODVQ70agiI-00010-00004931-00005304 to pool and be at the pool safely. +YODVQ70agiI-00011-00005304-00005994 Abbey's Hope Charitable Foundation was created because of Abbey and because of her desire +YODVQ70agiI-00012-00005994-00006448 to make sure what happened to her did not happen to another child. +YODVQ70agiI-00013-00006448-00007145 We have worked fiercely in the last two and a half years to raise awareness of pool safety +YODVQ70agiI-00014-00007145-00007437 and supervision around the pools. +YODVQ70agiI-00015-00007437-00008055 We go out into classrooms and we educate children at a school age on what they need to do +YODVQ70agiI-00016-00008055-00008436 to go to the pool safely reminding me that everyone should have +YODVQ70agiI-00017-00008436-00008737 in their pool bag, a water watcher card. +YODVQ70agiI-00018-00008737-00009225 And when someone takes you to the pool, your grown up that's with you has to wear this +YODVQ70agiI-00019-00009225-00009698 and we send the water watcher pledge so that they sign pledge and agree +YODVQ70agiI-00020-00009698-00010128 to watch their children while they're at the pool. +YODVQ70agiI-00021-00010128-00010705 Act of supervision is one of the first steps in keeping your kids safe at the pool. +YODVQ70agiI-00022-00010705-00011080 Another step would be having barriers and fences. +YODVQ70agiI-00023-00011080-00011663 We all know that children seem to disappear quicker than we can keep our eyes on them +YODVQ70agiI-00024-00011663-00011953 but if we can -- we have to rethink it. +YODVQ70agiI-00025-00011953-00012383 Instead of always trying to educate the kids, why don't we educate the adults? +YODVQ70agiI-00026-00012383-00012869 If we take the initiative and we keep their surrounding safe, +YODVQ70agiI-00027-00012869-00013409 making sure the pools are safe, making sure the drain covers are safe and attached and compliant +YODVQ70agiI-00028-00013409-00013732 with state laws as well as federal laws. +YODVQ70agiI-00029-00013732-00014352 We can make -- the pool is a safe and fun place that they should be for our families. +YODVQ70agiI-00030-00014532-00014918 We have worked really hard on educating. +YODVQ70agiI-00031-00014918-00015211 We created a program this past December to go +YODVQ70agiI-00032-00015211-00015794 out into the underserved populations and do a water safety class. +YODVQ70agiI-00033-00015794-00016065 So far this year, we've reached almost 2,000 children +YODVQ70agiI-00034-00016065-00016386 who would never have taken a swimming class of any type +YODVQ70agiI-00035-00016386-00016882 and we've given them a basic water safety class so that they know how to enter the water, +YODVQ70agiI-00036-00016882-00017098 how to right themselves in the water. +YODVQ70agiI-00037-00017098-00017836 This is a really important task to get -- every child should know how to right themselves +YODVQ70agiI-00038-00017836-00018155 in the water, what they need to do to be safe around the water. +YODVQ70agiI-00039-00018155-00018559 We live in a world surrounded by lakes and rivers and pools. +YODVQ70agiI-00040-00018559-00018798 We want our kids to be safe. +YODVQ70agiI-00041-00018927-00019339 Today through Pool Safely Day we're trying to raise awareness. +YODVQ70agiI-00042-00019339-00019633 Pools are a year round fun experience. +YODVQ70agiI-00043-00019633-00019715 I love the pool. +YODVQ70agiI-00044-00019715-00020357 My kids love the pool but we need to remember that swimming is a life skill and we need +YODVQ70agiI-00045-00020357-00020904 to really be advocates for our children. +YODVQ70agiI-00046-00020904-00021363 With your help, we can continue to remain vigilant in our fight and ensure +YODVQ70agiI-00047-00021363-00021860 that the safety regulations in place are enforced as well as help promote the creation +YODVQ70agiI-00048-00021860-00022454 of new laws and regulations to make sure that all pools are structurally safe. +YODVQ70agiI-00049-00022454-00022769 Remember, today is Pool Safely Day. +YODVQ70agiI-00050-00022769-00023303 We know that accidents do happen but when you look at the causes of most accidents, +YODVQ70agiI-00051-00023303-00023795 you'll find that they're actually a result of predictable and preventable occurrences. +YODVQ70agiI-00052-00023795-00024110 At Abbey's Hope Charitable Foundation, +YODVQ70agiI-00053-00024110-00024568 we're working to stop those preventable accidents from hurting kids. +YODVQ70agiI-00054-00024568-00024804 It's just that simple. +YODVQ70agiI-00055-00024804-00025375 And now I'd like to introduce Rick Root from the World Waterpark Association. +YODVQ70agiI-00056-00025375-00026005 [Clapping] +YODVQ70agiI-00057-00026005-00026114 >> Rick: Good morning. +YODVQ70agiI-00058-00026114-00026604 I'm delighted to be here today on behalf of the members of the World Waterpark Association +YODVQ70agiI-00059-00026604-00026874 to help spread the Pool Safely message. +YODVQ70agiI-00060-00026874-00027508 My thanks to the CPSC and Chairman Tenenbaum, Senator Klobuchar, and Mayor Coleman +YODVQ70agiI-00061-00027508-00027958 and Katey Taylor for their leadership on this critical issue. +YODVQ70agiI-00062-00027958-00028275 I'd also like to thank the team here at Great River Waterpark +YODVQ70agiI-00063-00028275-00028614 for hosting this important event. +YODVQ70agiI-00064-00028614-00029267 The World Waterpark Association is proud to be a partner in the CPSC's Pool Safely Campaign along +YODVQ70agiI-00065-00029267-00029827 with Abbey's Hope, the American Red Cross, the National Drowning Prevention Alliance, +YODVQ70agiI-00066-00029827-00030304 and other national water safety organizations. +YODVQ70agiI-00067-00030304-00030800 The CPSC's Pool Safely Campaign and its national call to action with the creation +YODVQ70agiI-00068-00030800-00031498 of Pool Safely Day will save lives and reduce injuries and drownings across the US. +YODVQ70agiI-00069-00031498-00032130 Childhood drowning is a true public health crisis but embracing multiple strategies +YODVQ70agiI-00070-00032130-00032730 such as those outlined in Simple Steps Save Lives, it is preventable. +YODVQ70agiI-00071-00032730-00033284 The adoption of these simple steps must become a national effort by families, +YODVQ70agiI-00072-00033284-00033803 by public health officials, by industry, and by the media. +YODVQ70agiI-00073-00033803-00034037 The waterpark industry and its thousands +YODVQ70agiI-00074-00034037-00034690 of aquatic professionals share an unwavering commitment to guest safety and that commitment +YODVQ70agiI-00075-00034690-00035052 and their unwavering diligence have made waterparks the safest place +YODVQ70agiI-00076-00035052-00035404 for families to play in the water. +YODVQ70agiI-00077-00035404-00035729 Since its inception 30 years ago, the primary focus +YODVQ70agiI-00078-00035729-00036178 of the World Waterpark Association has been education and the establishment +YODVQ70agiI-00079-00036178-00036534 of operating procedures that improve the experience +YODVQ70agiI-00080-00036534-00037002 and most importantly, the safety of our guests. +YODVQ70agiI-00081-00037002-00037543 In 2002, the WWA established national water safety month to support +YODVQ70agiI-00082-00037543-00037998 that initiative and help build public awareness. +YODVQ70agiI-00083-00037998-00038572 Eight years later, WWA member waterparks in partnership with the National Recreation +YODVQ70agiI-00084-00038572-00039080 and Parks Association and the Association of Pool and Spa Professionals continue +YODVQ70agiI-00085-00039080-00039374 to champion this important initiative. +YODVQ70agiI-00086-00039374-00039963 Be water aware is clearly vital during that summer swimming season but perhaps, +YODVQ70agiI-00087-00039963-00040463 [audio cuts out] during months of the year when people spend less time in the water. +YODVQ70agiI-00088-00040463-00040839 Today, community aquatic facilities and the explosive growth +YODVQ70agiI-00089-00040839-00041489 of indoor waterpark resorts including 16 right here in Minnesota offer a wide range +YODVQ70agiI-00090-00041489-00041911 of aquatic fun that can be enjoyed year round. +YODVQ70agiI-00091-00041911-00042439 We're pleased to support Pool Safely Day and to encourage participation in activities +YODVQ70agiI-00092-00042439-00042837 that help spread the Pool Safely message as we head into the fall +YODVQ70agiI-00093-00042837-00043175 when families take time to enjoy these facilities. +YODVQ70agiI-00094-00043175-00043880 Whatever the time of year, our challenge remains, we must be vigilant and do all +YODVQ70agiI-00095-00043880-00044259 that we can to educate parents and children to be water aware +YODVQ70agiI-00096-00044259-00044932 and to understand the Pool Safely message that simple steps really do save lives. +YODVQ70agiI-00097-00044932-00045453 Learning to swim is one simple step that families can take anytime of the year. +YODVQ70agiI-00098-00045453-00045907 Research shows that if a child doesn't learn to swim by the time they're +YODVQ70agiI-00099-00045907-00046184 in 3rd grade, they likely never will. +YODVQ70agiI-00100-00046184-00046703 This past June the WWA along with dozens of national +YODVQ70agiI-00101-00046703-00047225 and local partners championed the world's largest swimming lesson event as a platform +YODVQ70agiI-00102-00047225-00047671 to communicate that swimming is a life saving skill and vital part +YODVQ70agiI-00103-00047671-00048004 of multistep approach to prevent drowning. +YODVQ70agiI-00104-00048004-00048398 Thousands of people participated in the event in hundreds of aquatic facilities +YODVQ70agiI-00105-00048398-00048916 around the globe included 34 states in the US. +YODVQ70agiI-00106-00048916-00049408 We encourage parents to take advantage of the fall and winter learn to swim programs +YODVQ70agiI-00107-00049408-00050141 at indoor aquatic facilities from waterparks to YMCAs, from community pools +YODVQ70agiI-00108-00050141-00050447 to swim schools and fitness clubs. +YODVQ70agiI-00109-00050447-00051069 Being safe in and around the water requires more than just swimming lessons but learning to swim +YODVQ70agiI-00110-00051069-00051313 and the exposure to water safety messages +YODVQ70agiI-00111-00051313-00051939 that swimming lessons offer provide a life-long foundation for drowning prevention. +YODVQ70agiI-00112-00051939-00052551 Finally, we urge everyone to remember that parents are a child's first line of defense. +YODVQ70agiI-00113-00052551-00053105 Take simple steps to Pool Safely and remember vigilance is crucial. +YODVQ70agiI-00114-00053105-00053390 Swimming is one of life's great joys. +YODVQ70agiI-00115-00053390-00053541 Let's keep it that. +YODVQ70agiI-00116-00053541-00053816 Please Pool Safely today and everyday. +YODVQ70agiI-00117-00053816-00053848 Thank you. +YU8z5PY02xM-00000-00000600-00000800 peace on you welcom to the chennle +YU8z5PY02xM-00001-00000800-00001559 this video is going to be about maintenance the car and to be sure that its ready for the summer season +YU8z5PY02xM-00002-00001559-00001759 this video is going to be about maintenance the car and to be sure that its ready for the summer season +YU8z5PY02xM-00003-00001759-00001959 to made good service there have to be steps to follow so we don't miss any step so i made this paper +YU8z5PY02xM-00004-00001959-00002159 to made good service there have to be steps to follow so we don't miss any step so i made this paper +YU8z5PY02xM-00005-00002159-00002359 to made good service there have to be steps to follow so we don't miss any step so i made this paper +YU8z5PY02xM-00006-00002359-00002559 to made good service there have to be steps to follow so we don't miss any step so i made this paper +YU8z5PY02xM-00007-00002559-00002759 and it has all the elements that need to be checked for the service +YU8z5PY02xM-00008-00002759-00002959 and it has all the elements that need to be checked for the service +YU8z5PY02xM-00009-00002959-00003075 and it has all the elements that need to be checked for the service +YU8z5PY02xM-00010-00003075-00003487 if you need to have it i can leave it in the description area just leave a comment to know that need it +YU8z5PY02xM-00011-00003487-00003687 if you need to have it i can leave it in the description area just leave a comment to know that need it +YU8z5PY02xM-00012-00003687-00003825 if you need to have it i can leave it in the description area just leave a comment to know that need it +YU8z5PY02xM-00013-00003825-00005773 tires +YU8z5PY02xM-00014-00005773-00005973 car oils +YU8z5PY02xM-00015-00005973-00006173 breaks +YU8z5PY02xM-00016-00006173-00006373 etc>>> +YU8z5PY02xM-00017-00006523-00006573 first element is tiers +YU8z5PY02xM-00018-00006573-00006773 as we can see tis tire is we can inspect it by checking the condition of it +YU8z5PY02xM-00019-00006773-00006973 as we can see tis tire is we can inspect it by checking the condition of it +YU8z5PY02xM-00020-00006973-00007173 as we can see tis tire is we can inspect it by checking the condition of it +YU8z5PY02xM-00021-00007173-00007523 and more about switching the places of the tiers front to back left back tire will be front right and the oboist to the rest +YU8z5PY02xM-00022-00007523-00007573 and more about switching the places of the tiers front to back left back tire will be front right and the oboist to the rest +YU8z5PY02xM-00023-00007573-00007773 and more about switching the places of the tiers front to back left back tire will be front right and the oboist to the rest +YU8z5PY02xM-00024-00007773-00007973 and more about switching the places of the tiers front to back left back tire will be front right and the oboist to the rest +YU8z5PY02xM-00025-00008173-00008373 the condition of the tiers is still in very good condition so in this check it pass +YU8z5PY02xM-00026-00008373-00008573 the condition of the tiers is still in very good condition so in this check it pass +YU8z5PY02xM-00027-00008573-00008773 the condition of the tiers is still in very good condition so in this check it pass +YU8z5PY02xM-00028-00008773-00010209 the condition of the tiers is still in very good condition so in this check it pass +YU8z5PY02xM-00029-00010209-00010455 after checking the tires move to the next element +YU8z5PY02xM-00030-00010455-00010655 The second element of the examination, of course, is the condition of oils in general, such as engine oil, gear oil, brake oil, and others, if any +YU8z5PY02xM-00031-00010655-00010855 The second element of the examination, of course, is the condition of oils in general, such as engine oil, gear oil, brake oil, and others, if any +YU8z5PY02xM-00032-00011655-00011855 Of course, I changed the engine oil three days ago when servicing the car at the dealer. Of course, gear oil cannot be checked in this car +YU8z5PY02xM-00033-00011855-00012055 Of course, I changed the engine oil three days ago when servicing the car at the dealer. Of course, gear oil cannot be checked in this car +YU8z5PY02xM-00034-00012055-00012255 Of course, I changed the engine oil three days ago when servicing the car at the dealer. Of course, gear oil cannot be checked in this car +YU8z5PY02xM-00035-00012655-00012855 This is because the gear does not come with this feature, but the gear oil is replaced every 80 thousand kilometers +YU8z5PY02xM-00036-00012855-00013055 This is because the gear does not come with this feature, but the gear oil is replaced every 80 thousand kilometers +YU8z5PY02xM-00037-00013255-00013455 And the brake oil is still good, and the check is to look at it and see if there are impurities in it, and here we see that the engine oil is still new +YU8z5PY02xM-00038-00013455-00013655 And the brake oil is still good, and the check is to look at it and see if there are impurities in it, and here we see that the engine oil is still new +YU8z5PY02xM-00039-00013655-00013855 And the brake oil is still good, and the check is to look at it and see if there are impurities in it, and here we see that the engine oil is still new +YU8z5PY02xM-00040-00018055-00018255 After examining the first and second elements, the third element is checking the car's computer by using a reliable and capable device to scan the computer safely. +YU8z5PY02xM-00041-00018255-00018455 After examining the first and second elements, the third element is checking the car's computer by using a reliable and capable device to scan the computer safely. +YU8z5PY02xM-00042-00018455-00018655 After examining the first and second elements, the third element is checking the car's computer by using a reliable and capable device to scan the computer safely. +YU8z5PY02xM-00043-00018655-00018855 After examining the first and second elements, the third element is checking the car's computer by using a reliable and capable device to scan the computer safely. +YU8z5PY02xM-00044-00019255-00019455 i have purchased an Autel device and i have reviewed it in a previous video +YU8z5PY02xM-00045-00019455-00019655 i have purchased an Autel device and i have reviewed it in a previous video +YU8z5PY02xM-00046-00019655-00019855 i have purchased an Autel device and i have reviewed it in a previous video +YU8z5PY02xM-00047-00019855-00020055 i have purchased an Autel device and i have reviewed it in a previous video +YU8z5PY02xM-00048-00020255-00020455 We will do a scan now for the car's computer by pressing OBD +YU8z5PY02xM-00049-00020455-00020655 We will do a scan now for the car's computer by pressing OBD +YU8z5PY02xM-00050-00020655-00020855 We will do a scan now for the car's computer by pressing OBD +YU8z5PY02xM-00051-00020855-00021055 We will do a scan now for the car's computer by pressing OBD +YU8z5PY02xM-00052-00021055-00021255 We will do a scan now for the car's computer by pressing OBD +YU8z5PY02xM-00053-00022255-00022455 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible +YU8z5PY02xM-00054-00022455-00022655 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible +YU8z5PY02xM-00055-00022655-00022855 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible +YU8z5PY02xM-00056-00022855-00023055 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible +YU8z5PY02xM-00057-00023055-00023255 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible +YU8z5PY02xM-00058-00023255-00023455 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible +YU8z5PY02xM-00059-00023455-00023655 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible +YU8z5PY02xM-00060-00023655-00023855 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible +YU8z5PY02xM-00061-00024055-00024255 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible +YU8z5PY02xM-00062-00024255-00024455 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible +YU8z5PY02xM-00063-00024455-00024655 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible +YU8z5PY02xM-00064-00025255-00025455 the device may not work without turning the key on the standby mode, and then try again here we see that the device and the car are compatible +YU8z5PY02xM-00065-00025655-00025855 After the examination, it becomes clear to us that it is in good condition and there are no problems +YU8z5PY02xM-00066-00025855-00026055 After the examination, it becomes clear to us that it is in good condition and there are no problems +YU8z5PY02xM-00067-00026055-00026255 After the examination, it becomes clear to us that it is in good condition and there are no problems +YU8z5PY02xM-00068-00026455-00026655 . I will work hard by entering the sensors in general and looking at all +YU8z5PY02xM-00069-00027455-00027655 . I will work hard by entering the sensors in general and looking at all +YU8z5PY02xM-00070-00027655-00027855 . I will work hard by entering the sensors in general and looking at all +YU8z5PY02xM-00071-00027855-00028055 . I will work hard by entering the sensors in general and looking at all +YU8z5PY02xM-00072-00028255-00028455 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good. +YU8z5PY02xM-00073-00028455-00028655 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good. +YU8z5PY02xM-00074-00028855-00029055 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good. +YU8z5PY02xM-00075-00029055-00029255 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good. +YU8z5PY02xM-00076-00029255-00029455 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good. +YU8z5PY02xM-00077-00031855-00032055 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good. +YU8z5PY02xM-00078-00035255-00035455 Outputs as we can see here and the car is pretty good. +YU8z5PY02xM-00079-00039255-00039455 After we have finished the previous elements, it is time to check the car +YU8z5PY02xM-00080-00039455-00039655 After we have finished the previous elements, it is time to check the car +YU8z5PY02xM-00081-00039655-00039855 battery and ensure its validity and ability to work in this atmosphere +YU8z5PY02xM-00082-00039855-00040055 battery and ensure its validity and ability to work in this atmosphere +YU8z5PY02xM-00083-00040055-00040255 battery and ensure its validity and ability to work in this atmosphere +YU8z5PY02xM-00084-00040255-00040455 Using the battery checker that you purchased and which I reviewed in a previous video +YU8z5PY02xM-00085-00040455-00040655 Using the battery checker that you purchased and which I reviewed in a previous video +YU8z5PY02xM-00086-00040655-00040855 After the connection, there are two numbers 24 and 12, the first is the truck battery, the second is for +YU8z5PY02xM-00087-00040855-00041055 After the connection, there are two numbers 24 and 12, the first is the truck battery, the second is for +YU8z5PY02xM-00088-00041055-00041255 After the connection, there are two numbers 24 and 12, the first is the truck battery, the second is for +YU8z5PY02xM-00089-00041255-00041455 After the connection, there are two numbers 24 and 12, the first is the truck battery, the second is for +YU8z5PY02xM-00090-00041455-00041655 the car, and after that the date is correct and after the appropriate selection for the examination and +YU8z5PY02xM-00091-00041655-00041855 the car, and after that the date is correct and after the appropriate selection for the examination and +YU8z5PY02xM-00092-00041855-00042055 the car, and after that the date is correct and after the appropriate selection for the examination and +YU8z5PY02xM-00093-00042055-00042255 the car, and after that the date is correct and after the appropriate selection for the examination and +YU8z5PY02xM-00094-00042255-00042455 the car, and after that the date is correct and after the appropriate selection for the examination and +YU8z5PY02xM-00095-00042455-00042655 the car, and after that the date is correct and after the appropriate selection for the examination and +YU8z5PY02xM-00096-00045255-00045455 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes +YU8z5PY02xM-00097-00045455-00045655 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes +YU8z5PY02xM-00098-00045855-00046055 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes +YU8z5PY02xM-00099-00046055-00046255 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes +YU8z5PY02xM-00100-00046255-00046455 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes +YU8z5PY02xM-00101-00046455-00046655 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes +YU8z5PY02xM-00102-00046655-00046855 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes +YU8z5PY02xM-00103-00046855-00047055 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes +YU8z5PY02xM-00104-00047055-00047255 the selection of the appropriate ampere for the examination, which is 410 amperes +YU8z5PY02xM-00105-00047855-00048055 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health +YU8z5PY02xM-00106-00048055-00048255 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health +YU8z5PY02xM-00107-00048255-00048455 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health +YU8z5PY02xM-00108-00048455-00048655 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health +YU8z5PY02xM-00109-00048655-00048855 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health +YU8z5PY02xM-00110-00048855-00049055 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health +YU8z5PY02xM-00111-00049055-00049255 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health +YU8z5PY02xM-00112-00049255-00049455 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health +YU8z5PY02xM-00113-00049455-00049655 After examination, we can see that the battery is good and has 68 percent health +YU8z5PY02xM-00114-00050255-00050455 I will print the report and attach it to the inspection sheet +YU8z5PY02xM-00115-00050455-00050655 I will print the report and attach it to the inspection sheet +YU8z5PY02xM-00116-00050655-00050855 I will print the report and attach it to the inspection sheet +YU8z5PY02xM-00117-00050855-00051055 I will print the report and attach it to the inspection sheet +YU8z5PY02xM-00118-00051055-00051254 I will print the report and attach it to the inspection sheet +YU8z5PY02xM-00119-00051254-00051454 I will print the report and attach it to the inspection sheet +YU8z5PY02xM-00120-00053054-00053254 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness +YU8z5PY02xM-00121-00053254-00053454 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness +YU8z5PY02xM-00122-00053454-00053654 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness +YU8z5PY02xM-00123-00053654-00053854 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness +YU8z5PY02xM-00124-00053854-00054054 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness +YU8z5PY02xM-00125-00054054-00054254 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness +YU8z5PY02xM-00126-00054254-00054454 After that, I will check the brake system, either by looking at the brake pads and watching their thickness +YU8z5PY02xM-00127-00055854-00056054 Driving the car and applying the brakes to ensure proper parking +YU8z5PY02xM-00128-00056054-00056254 Driving the car and applying the brakes to ensure proper parking +YU8z5PY02xM-00129-00056254-00056454 Driving the car and applying the brakes to ensure proper parking +YU8z5PY02xM-00130-00056454-00056654 Driving the car and applying the brakes to ensure proper parking +YU8z5PY02xM-00131-00057254-00057454 The second examination is by checking the brake fluid and making sure that it is clear of water +YU8z5PY02xM-00132-00057454-00057654 The second examination is by checking the brake fluid and making sure that it is clear of water +YU8z5PY02xM-00133-00057654-00057854 The second examination is by checking the brake fluid and making sure that it is clear of water +YU8z5PY02xM-00134-00057854-00058054 The second examination is by checking the brake fluid and making sure that it is clear of water +YU8z5PY02xM-00135-00058054-00058254 The second examination is by checking the brake fluid and making sure that it is clear of water +YU8z5PY02xM-00136-00058254-00058454 The second examination is by checking the brake fluid and making sure that it is clear of water +YU8z5PY02xM-00137-00058854-00059054 The device also shows us here the acceptable ratios for examination, as 1 to 2 is an acceptable ratio, but 3 to 4 is not acceptable +YU8z5PY02xM-00138-00059054-00059254 The device also shows us here the acceptable ratios for examination, as 1 to 2 is an acceptable ratio, but 3 to 4 is not acceptable +YU8z5PY02xM-00139-00059254-00059454 The device also shows us here the acceptable ratios for examination, as 1 to 2 is an acceptable ratio, but 3 to 4 is not acceptable +YU8z5PY02xM-00140-00059454-00059654 The device also shows us here the acceptable ratios for examination, as 1 to 2 is an acceptable ratio, but 3 to 4 is not acceptable +YU8z5PY02xM-00141-00059654-00059854 The device also shows us here the acceptable ratios for examination, as 1 to 2 is an acceptable ratio, but 3 to 4 is not acceptable +YU8z5PY02xM-00142-00060054-00060254 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good +YU8z5PY02xM-00143-00060254-00060454 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good +YU8z5PY02xM-00144-00060454-00060654 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good +YU8z5PY02xM-00145-00060654-00060854 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good +YU8z5PY02xM-00146-00060854-00061054 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good +YU8z5PY02xM-00147-00061054-00061254 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good +YU8z5PY02xM-00148-00061254-00061454 But here we can see from the examination that the fluid is still good +YU8z5PY02xM-00149-00063854-00064054 good +YU8z5PY02xM-00150-00064254-00064454 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page +YU8z5PY02xM-00151-00064454-00064654 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page +YU8z5PY02xM-00152-00064654-00064854 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page +YU8z5PY02xM-00153-00064854-00065054 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page +YU8z5PY02xM-00154-00065054-00065254 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page +YU8z5PY02xM-00155-00065254-00065454 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page +YU8z5PY02xM-00156-00065454-00065655 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page +YU8z5PY02xM-00157-00065655-00065843 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page +YU8z5PY02xM-00158-00065859-00066958 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page +YU8z5PY02xM-00159-00066958-00067158 After these elements come the exhaust, the car body, the headlights, and the fluid status of the vehicle, which are left over from the front page +YU8z5PY02xM-00160-00068758-00068958 And believe me, it is fun to work on inspecting your own car to make you an auto technician +YU8z5PY02xM-00161-00068958-00069158 And believe me, it is fun to work on inspecting your own car to make you an auto technician +YU8z5PY02xM-00162-00069158-00069358 And believe me, it is fun to work on inspecting your own car to make you an auto technician +YU8z5PY02xM-00163-00069558-00069758 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust, +YU8z5PY02xM-00164-00069758-00069958 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust, +YU8z5PY02xM-00165-00069958-00070158 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust, +YU8z5PY02xM-00166-00070158-00070358 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust, +YU8z5PY02xM-00167-00070358-00070558 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust, +YU8z5PY02xM-00168-00070558-00070758 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust, +YU8z5PY02xM-00169-00070758-00070958 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust, +YU8z5PY02xM-00170-00070958-00071158 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust, +YU8z5PY02xM-00171-00071158-00071358 When examining the car exhaust, we look for a gas leakage and the exit of gases of different colors from the exhaust, +YU8z5PY02xM-00172-00071358-00071558 this determines the health of the engine +YU8z5PY02xM-00173-00071558-00071758 this determines the health of the engine +YU8z5PY02xM-00174-00071758-00071958 this determines the health of the engine +YU8z5PY02xM-00175-00071958-00072158 this determines the health of the engine +YU8z5PY02xM-00176-00072158-00072358 this determines the health of the engine +YU8z5PY02xM-00177-00072358-00072558 this determines the health of the engine +YU8z5PY02xM-00178-00072558-00072758 And it warns of a problem that needs to be checked out immediately +YU8z5PY02xM-00179-00072758-00072958 And it warns of a problem that needs to be checked out immediately +YU8z5PY02xM-00180-00073158-00073358 As for the car’s body, it is an examination of the car’s body and a search for any dents in the body of the +YU8z5PY02xM-00181-00073358-00073558 As for the car’s body, it is an examination of the car’s body and a search for any dents in the body of the +YU8z5PY02xM-00182-00073558-00073758 As for the car’s body, it is an examination of the car’s body and a search for any dents in the body of the +YU8z5PY02xM-00183-00074158-00074358 car and knowing its location to determine entitlement to repair +YU8z5PY02xM-00184-00074358-00074558 car and knowing its location to determine entitlement to repair +YU8z5PY02xM-00185-00074758-00074958 As for the car lights, as we can see, all the lights have been turned on and +YU8z5PY02xM-00186-00074958-00075158 As for the car lights, as we can see, all the lights have been turned on and +YU8z5PY02xM-00187-00075158-00075358 As for the car lights, as we can see, all the lights have been turned on and +YU8z5PY02xM-00188-00075358-00075558 make sure that they are all working and that there is no lamp that does not work or is broken, as well as the fog lights. +YU8z5PY02xM-00189-00075558-00075758 make sure that they are all working and that there is no lamp that does not work or is broken, as well as the fog lights. +YU8z5PY02xM-00190-00075758-00075958 make sure that they are all working and that there is no lamp that does not work or is broken, as well as the fog lights. +YU8z5PY02xM-00191-00075958-00076158 make sure that they are all working and that there is no lamp that does not work or is broken, as well as the fog lights. +YU8z5PY02xM-00192-00076158-00076358 make sure that they are all working and that there is no lamp that does not work or is broken, as well as the fog lights. +YU8z5PY02xM-00193-00076558-00076758 As for the condition of liquids, such as wiper water, radiator and other liquids, and making sure to refill +YU8z5PY02xM-00194-00076758-00076958 As for the condition of liquids, such as wiper water, radiator and other liquids, and making sure to refill +YU8z5PY02xM-00195-00076958-00077158 As for the condition of liquids, such as wiper water, radiator and other liquids, and making sure to refill +YU8z5PY02xM-00196-00077358-00077558 and change them if necessary, but here we see that everything is in good condition as maintenance was done at the authorized agent for taking it for maintenance +YU8z5PY02xM-00197-00077558-00077758 and change them if necessary, but here we see that everything is in good condition as maintenance was done at the authorized agent for taking it for maintenance +YU8z5PY02xM-00198-00077958-00078358 Here, we come with you to the end of the video.. +YU8z5PY02xM-00199-00078358-00078958 Here, we come with you to the end of the video.. +YU8z5PY02xM-00200-00078958-00079158 I hope I have contributed even a small part of giving you the appropriate information, and do not forget to do Like, Share, and Subscribe +YU8z5PY02xM-00201-00079158-00079358 I hope I have contributed even a small part of giving you the appropriate information, and do not forget to do Like, Share, and Subscribe +YU8z5PY02xM-00202-00079358-00079558 I hope I have contributed even a small part of giving you the appropriate information, and do not forget to do Like, Share, and Subscribe +YU8z5PY02xM-00203-00079558-00079758 I hope I have contributed even a small part of giving you the appropriate information, and do not forget to do Like, Share, and Subscribe +YU8z5PY02xM-00204-00079758-00079958 I hope I have contributed even a small part of giving you the appropriate information, and do not forget to do Like, Share, and Subscribe +YU8z5PY02xM-00205-00081158-00081358 this is simple way to fil the test paper +YU8z5PY02xM-00206-00081358-00081558 this is simple way to fil the test paper +YU8z5PY02xM-00207-00081558-00081758 this is simple way to fil the test paper +YUmQKZBQAzI-00000-00000288-00000640 Are you looking for mosquito specimens to study the spread of pathogens? +YUmQKZBQAzI-00001-00000640-00001032 How about mammal fecal samples to study diet ecology and microbiomes? +YUmQKZBQAzI-00002-00001096-00001536 Maybe you need vials of aquatic or terrestrial invertebrates to study broad-scale community +YUmQKZBQAzI-00003-00001536-00002080 dynamics or vials of soil suitable for answering questions about microbes and biogeochemistry? +YUmQKZBQAzI-00004-00002136-00002544 The NEON Biorepository provides samples and specimens for your research! +YUmQKZBQAzI-00005-00002664-00003368 Since 2012, NEON has collected and archived up to 120,000 samples per year, using standardized +YUmQKZBQAzI-00006-00003368-00003992 collection protocols. This collection includes voucher specimens, bulk community-level samples, +YUmQKZBQAzI-00007-00003992-00004640 tissues, DNA, soil, and freshwater samples that can be processed for chemical, disease, +YUmQKZBQAzI-00008-00004640-00005336 community, population, and genetics research. Each sample is managed in the NEON database with unique +YUmQKZBQAzI-00009-00005336-00005784 identifiers (tags and/or barcodes) that allows it to be directly tied to NEON’s open data products. +YUmQKZBQAzI-00010-00005856-00006328 The majority of samples and specimens are stored at Arizona State University in Tempe +YUmQKZBQAzI-00011-00006328-00006856 in their Natural History Collections, and are managed by BioKIC, the Biodiversity Knowledge +YUmQKZBQAzI-00012-00006856-00007376 Integration Center. This state-of-the-art Biorepository houses long-term storage of +YUmQKZBQAzI-00013-00007376-00007888 NEON’s biological, genomic, and environmental samples and specimens from terrestrial and +YUmQKZBQAzI-00014-00007888-00008536 aquatic sites across the contiguous US, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. This collection includes +YUmQKZBQAzI-00015-00008536-00009088 things like aquatic microbes, microalgae, invertebrates, and fish samples to soils, +YUmQKZBQAzI-00016-00009088-00009504 mammals, ground beetles, plants, mosquitos, and so much more! +YUmQKZBQAzI-00017-00009632-00010088 All these samples are carefully collected by NEON field scientists who receive rigorous +YUmQKZBQAzI-00018-00010088-00010456 instruction through in-person seasonal training and an online training center, +YUmQKZBQAzI-00019-00010456-00010776 which is all based on the publicly available collection protocols. +YUmQKZBQAzI-00020-00010864-00011344 These collection protocols are routinely reviewed by NEON scientists, technical working groups, +YUmQKZBQAzI-00021-00011344-00011832 and the Science, Technology, and Education Advisory Committee to ensure all data and samples +YUmQKZBQAzI-00022-00011832-00012328 are high-quality and comparable across the United States and, in many cases, around the world. +YUmQKZBQAzI-00023-00012448-00012664 Samples can be requested through biorepo.NEONscience.org +YUmQKZBQAzI-00024-00012816-00013272 for your own research. Each request goes through an internal evaluation and approval +YUmQKZBQAzI-00025-00013272-00013760 process to ensure scientific justification. Samples can be shipped, but researchers can +YUmQKZBQAzI-00026-00013760-00014232 also visit the NEON Bbiorepository to make precise selections of material. +YUmQKZBQAzI-00027-00014232-00014640 Like all NEON data, samples from the NEON Biorepository can be combined with +YUmQKZBQAzI-00028-00014640-00015152 other data from across the Observatory.These samples and data are a valuable resource for +YUmQKZBQAzI-00029-00015152-00015584 scientists to use in research and better inform the public about our ecosystems. +YUmQKZBQAzI-00030-00015880-00016984 Visit biorepo.NEONscience.org to learn more and request samples! +YUTzyDq2B4I-00000-00000250-00000618 Hello and welcome to Bay College's online lectures for +YUTzyDq2B4I-00001-00000618-00000750 College Algebra. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00002-00000750-00001072 In this video, we're going to look at Section 1.3, Quadratic +YUTzyDq2B4I-00003-00001072-00001429 Equations in the Complex Number System. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00004-00001429-00001827 If we look at this first example, if we had an equation +YUTzyDq2B4I-00005-00001827-00002111 like this, which is quadratic, maybe we'd want to say, OK, +YUTzyDq2B4I-00006-00002111-00002279 well, let's see if we can factor it. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00007-00002279-00002589 Well, the sum of squares does not factor. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00008-00002589-00002761 Only the difference of squares. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00009-00002761-00003061 So this isn't going to work for factoring. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00010-00003061-00003245 Well, let's try another method. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00011-00003245-00003379 What about the square root method? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00012-00003379-00003784 Well, I can isolate this perfect square term, subtract +YUTzyDq2B4I-00013-00003784-00004369 4 from both sides, and I get negative 4 equals x squared. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00014-00004369-00004576 Well, now I can take the square root of both sides. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00015-00004576-00004917 And when I do that, plus or minus the square root of +YUTzyDq2B4I-00016-00004917-00005211 negative 4 equals x. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00017-00005211-00005619 Now, if we think about what a square root is, it says what +YUTzyDq2B4I-00018-00005619-00006000 number times itself is the value under the radical? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00019-00006000-00006308 Well, is there a value times itself that will ever give us +YUTzyDq2B4I-00020-00006308-00006412 a negative? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00021-00006412-00006648 A negative times a negative is a positive. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00022-00006648-00006876 And a positive times a positive is a positive. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00023-00006876-00007356 So there is no value that will give us negative 4. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00024-00007356-00007719 So there's no real solution to this. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00025-00007719-00007970 And because of this, we have to come up with +YUTzyDq2B4I-00026-00007970-00008143 a new number system. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00027-00008143-00008375 And it's called the complex number system. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00028-00008375-00008774 Let's move over here to look at the complex +YUTzyDq2B4I-00029-00008774-00008982 number system here. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00030-00008982-00009384 Complex numbers are always written in the form a plus bi, +YUTzyDq2B4I-00031-00009384-00009701 where this unit of i is the basis of the +YUTzyDq2B4I-00032-00009701-00009817 complex number system. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00033-00009817-00010165 We'll define it a little more shortly. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00034-00010165-00010588 But it has a real part and then an imaginary part. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00035-00010588-00010771 And that's what that i is all about. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00036-00010771-00011180 Well, if we just assess this, a and b are real numbers. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00037-00011180-00011691 Well, if b is 0, 0 times anything is 0. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00038-00011691-00011914 And a plus 0 is just a. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00039-00011914-00012077 So we get the value a. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00040-00012077-00012278 a is the real part. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00041-00012278-00012422 This would be a real number. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00042-00012422-00012764 This is the number system that we understand, where we find +YUTzyDq2B4I-00043-00012764-00012938 on a number line. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00044-00012938-00013431 If b is not 0, we have our complex number a plus bi. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00045-00013431-00013802 So let's assess the a part, the real part. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00046-00013802-00014203 If a is 0, we would just have bi. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00047-00014203-00014479 0 plus bi would just be bi. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00048-00014479-00014894 This is a pure imaginary number, because it only has an +YUTzyDq2B4I-00049-00014894-00015015 imaginary part. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00050-00015015-00015222 So it's a pure imaginary number. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00051-00015222-00015557 If a is something other than 0, we have the complex +YUTzyDq2B4I-00052-00015557-00015744 number a plus bi. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00053-00015744-00015981 A real part and an imaginary part. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00054-00015981-00016077 It has both parts. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00055-00016077-00016472 That is our imaginary number, which we defined up there. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00056-00016472-00016829 So all the way down, if neither are 0, it's always +YUTzyDq2B4I-00057-00016829-00017094 written in the form a plus bi. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00058-00017094-00017205 Let's look at this example. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00059-00017205-00017553 4, well, if we think of this, it's in our real number +YUTzyDq2B4I-00060-00017553-00017877 system, but it's also in the complex number system. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00061-00017877-00018279 The only difference is we have 0 for our b. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00062-00018279-00018429 0 times anything is just 4. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00063-00018429-00018639 That's our real number. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00064-00018639-00019167 2i, well, that means that a is 0. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00065-00019167-00019421 So this is a pure imaginary number, +YUTzyDq2B4I-00066-00019421-00019551 because it's purely imaginary. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00067-00019551-00019741 No real part to it at all. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00068-00019741-00019923 This here, 2 minus 7i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00069-00019923-00020289 It has a real part and an imaginary part. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00070-00020289-00020684 So a and b are both not 0. a plus bi is the form. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00071-00020684-00020893 This is our imaginary number. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00072-00020893-00021079 Now, let's define this i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00073-00021079-00021307 Why do we call it the imaginary unit? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00074-00021307-00021616 Well, we know that there's no such thing as the square root +YUTzyDq2B4I-00075-00021616-00021875 of a negative number in the real number system. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00076-00021875-00022177 So we define it as the square root of negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00077-00022177-00022500 What's nice about negative 1 is we can always factor out +YUTzyDq2B4I-00078-00022500-00022558 negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00079-00022558-00022763 1 is a factor of every number. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00080-00022763-00022970 And by factoring out a negative, we +YUTzyDq2B4I-00081-00022970-00023134 just change its sign. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00082-00023134-00023283 So we can then deal with it. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00083-00023283-00023543 Well, let's look at some of the properties of i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00084-00023543-00023853 What happens if I have multiples of i? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00085-00023853-00024157 If I have i squared? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00086-00024157-00024488 Well, that's nothing more than the square root of negative 1 +YUTzyDq2B4I-00087-00024488-00024729 times the square root of negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00088-00024729-00024923 Well, when we square a square root, they +YUTzyDq2B4I-00089-00024923-00025235 essentially cancel out. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00090-00025235-00025770 The square root of negative 1 squared is negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00091-00025770-00025960 The radical goes away. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00092-00025960-00026111 What if I have i cubed? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00093-00026111-00026320 Well, the square root of negative 1 times the square +YUTzyDq2B4I-00094-00026320-00026699 root of negative 1 times the square root of negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00095-00026699-00026856 I have three of them multiplied together. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00096-00026856-00027114 Well, if we know that this is true-- +YUTzyDq2B4I-00097-00027114-00027306 that when you square a square root, it goes away-- +YUTzyDq2B4I-00098-00027306-00027445 this is negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00099-00027445-00027663 Negative 1 times this value. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00100-00027663-00027851 This is the definition of i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00101-00027851-00028097 So it's negative i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00102-00028097-00028348 So i cubed is negative i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00103-00028348-00028475 i to the fourth. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00104-00028475-00028718 And now, it's getting a little tedious, because we're writing +YUTzyDq2B4I-00105-00028718-00028948 it out over and over and over. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00106-00029202-00029602 Well, everything pair is negative 1, just like we saw +YUTzyDq2B4I-00107-00029602-00029701 this i squared. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00108-00029701-00030152 So this is i squared, which is negative 1, times this is i +YUTzyDq2B4I-00109-00030152-00030306 squared, negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00110-00030306-00030708 Negative 1 times negative 1 is positive 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00111-00030708-00030925 So i to the fourth is positive 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00112-00030925-00031067 Now, like I said, it's getting tedious. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00113-00031067-00031326 I don't want to write this five times. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00114-00031326-00031900 If we see the pattern here, each value of i is just one +YUTzyDq2B4I-00115-00031900-00031997 more times i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00116-00031997-00032414 So it would be i to the fourth times one more i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00117-00032414-00032839 So that would be 1 times i is just i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00118-00032839-00033610 i to the sixth would be i times i, which is i squared. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00119-00033610-00034000 And we already know i squared is negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00120-00034000-00034298 And i to the seventh is the same as i cubed. i to the +YUTzyDq2B4I-00121-00034298-00034585 eighth is i fourth. i to the ninth is i fifth. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00122-00034585-00034749 So we see that pattern. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00123-00034749-00035175 So here is all we really have to memorize. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00124-00035175-00035373 i through i to the fourth. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00125-00035373-00035819 But I'm going to star i to the second and i to the fourth. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00126-00035819-00036181 Because these are our keys to using this. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00127-00036181-00036330 At least for me it is. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00128-00036330-00036893 If I have i to any power, if it's divisible by 4, it's +YUTzyDq2B4I-00129-00036893-00037135 equal to positive 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00130-00037135-00037492 If it's not divisible by 4, but it's divisible by 2, then +YUTzyDq2B4I-00131-00037492-00037685 it's equal to negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00132-00037685-00038087 I can also use that concept even if i is an odd number. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00133-00038087-00038318 Let's look at this next example here. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00134-00038318-00038844 If I have i to the 41st power, well, let's break this down. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00135-00038844-00039121 i to the 40th times i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00136-00039121-00039347 We're just using our rules of exponents. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00137-00039347-00039467 This would be our product rule. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00138-00039467-00039685 If this was our base x. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00139-00039685-00039841 Let's just say x. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00140-00039841-00040137 If they're the same base, we just add their powers. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00141-00040137-00040264 40 and 1 is 41. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00142-00040264-00040438 So I didn't really change its value. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00143-00040438-00040607 I just changed the way it looks. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00144-00040607-00040899 This is divisible by 4. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00145-00040899-00041193 So this is equal to 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00146-00041193-00041597 1 times i is just i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00147-00041597-00041923 And that will work in every instance. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00148-00041923-00042323 So if I can break this down to the closest even number by +YUTzyDq2B4I-00149-00042323-00042657 just pulling out an i, then I can use that rule. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00150-00042657-00042866 If it's divisible by 4, it's equal to 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00151-00042866-00043347 If it's divisible by 2 and not 4, then it's negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00152-00043347-00043627 So in that case I might get a negative i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00153-00043627-00043684 Let's look at this. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00154-00043684-00043870 Now, before, I said we can always factor +YUTzyDq2B4I-00155-00043870-00043992 out a negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00156-00043992-00044225 Well, that's what we want to do here. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00157-00044225-00044626 The square root of negative 9 would be the square root of 9 +YUTzyDq2B4I-00158-00044626-00044871 times the square root of negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00159-00044871-00045089 Our definition of i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00160-00045089-00045472 And if we simplify that, well, the square root of 9 is 3. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00161-00045472-00045717 And the square root of negative 1 is i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00162-00045717-00045912 By definition, 3i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00163-00045912-00046136 We have a pure imaginary number. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00164-00046136-00046360 Our a value is 0 here. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00165-00046360-00046457 What about this here? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00166-00046457-00046606 Well, let's do the same thing. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00167-00046606-00047104 I have negative the square root of 25 times the square +YUTzyDq2B4I-00168-00047104-00047215 root of negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00169-00047215-00047456 I'm just factoring out a negative 1 to get our +YUTzyDq2B4I-00170-00047456-00047578 definition of i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00171-00047578-00047757 Well, negative square root of 25. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00172-00047757-00047948 Square root of 25 is 5. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00173-00047948-00048347 Negative 5 times i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00174-00048347-00048493 Another imaginary number. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00175-00048493-00048636 But this negative was outside. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00176-00048636-00048835 You change the sign. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00177-00048835-00049045 So that's how we work with radicals. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00178-00049045-00049357 We can always pull out that i if we see a negative. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00179-00049357-00049612 We just take a shortcut and say, oh, well that's i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00180-00049612-00049842 So we can go straight to there. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00181-00049842-00050185 When it comes to adding or subtracting imaginary numbers +YUTzyDq2B4I-00182-00050185-00050622 or complex numbers, the rules of math never change. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00183-00050622-00050932 So essentially, we just have to follow our rules. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00184-00050932-00051107 Think of this as a binomial. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00185-00051107-00051612 A plus bi minus some a plus bi. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00186-00051612-00051808 When we have that negative, we can think of it as just +YUTzyDq2B4I-00187-00051808-00051914 distributing. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00188-00051914-00052235 So negative 8, positive i, if I distribute it. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00189-00052235-00052426 So combine like terms. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00190-00052426-00052776 6 and a negative 8 is negative 2. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00191-00052776-00053150 5i minus a negative i is 5i plus i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00192-00053150-00053378 Which would give me 6i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00193-00053378-00053609 And it's written in a plus bi form. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00194-00053609-00053826 This is the proper form that we have to +YUTzyDq2B4I-00195-00053826-00053962 write our complex numbers. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00196-00053962-00054455 The real part plus or minus the imaginary part. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00197-00054455-00054628 So that's addition or subtraction. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00198-00054628-00054702 Same rules. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00199-00054702-00054861 Nothing changes. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00200-00054861-00055054 What if we're multiplying? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00201-00055054-00055354 Well, if I have the square root of negative 2 times the +YUTzyDq2B4I-00202-00055354-00055698 square root of negative 7, we can't just combine them and +YUTzyDq2B4I-00203-00055698-00055897 say, oh, it's the square root of 14. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00204-00055897-00056063 Because a negative times a negative is a positive. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00205-00056063-00056307 That doesn't work in the imaginary number system. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00206-00056307-00056596 We have to pull out that i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00207-00056596-00056777 Pull out that square root of negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00208-00056777-00057014 So I'm just going to pull it out, call it i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00209-00057014-00057223 Times the square root of 2. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00210-00057223-00057495 Times i square root of 7. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00211-00057495-00057674 Pull out that negative, call it i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00212-00057674-00058072 Now, if we look at this, now I can combine it. i times i is i +YUTzyDq2B4I-00213-00058072-00058341 squared, times the square root of 2, times the +YUTzyDq2B4I-00214-00058341-00058425 square root of 7. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00215-00058425-00058920 Now I can put them together to get the square root of 14. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00216-00058920-00059171 And what do we know about i squared? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00217-00059171-00059440 Well, i squared is negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00218-00059440-00060396 So a negative 1 times that is negative square root of 14, +YUTzyDq2B4I-00219-00060396-00060719 which is a real value. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00220-00060719-00060941 All right, let's look at some more examples of +YUTzyDq2B4I-00221-00060941-00061072 multiplication. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00222-00061072-00061679 Here, we have a pure imaginary number times another imaginary +YUTzyDq2B4I-00223-00061679-00061896 number in a plus bi form. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00224-00061896-00062050 I use my rules of multiplication. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00225-00062050-00062236 I'm just going to use the distributive property. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00226-00062236-00062561 6i times 2 is 12i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00227-00062561-00063014 6i times negative 3 is negative 18i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00228-00063014-00063274 i times i is i squared. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00229-00063274-00063422 Now, what do we know about i squared? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00230-00063422-00063539 It's just negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00231-00063539-00063773 So that changes the sign. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00232-00063773-00063963 Plus 18. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00233-00063963-00064216 Negative 1 times negative 18 is positive 18. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00234-00064216-00064460 But I'm not done yet, because I need to write +YUTzyDq2B4I-00235-00064460-00064607 this in proper form. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00236-00064607-00064929 The real part and the imaginary part. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00237-00064929-00065238 18 plus 12i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00238-00065238-00065442 a plus bi form. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00239-00065442-00065548 What about this here? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00240-00065548-00065754 Now we have i's of other powers. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00241-00065754-00066105 I could distribute it, just like I did there, but let's +YUTzyDq2B4I-00242-00066105-00066296 simplify these i's first. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00243-00066296-00066378 i to the fourth. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00244-00066378-00066588 Well, this is divisible by 4, because it is +YUTzyDq2B4I-00245-00066588-00066772 4, is equal to 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00246-00066772-00067003 1 times 2 is just 2. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00247-00067266-00067477 i squared is negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00248-00067477-00067755 1 plus a negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00249-00067755-00068099 Well, 1 plus negative 1 is 1 minus 1, which is 0. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00250-00068099-00068597 2 times 0 is 0. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00251-00068597-00068838 So just by simplifying it, we didn't have to use that +YUTzyDq2B4I-00252-00068838-00069046 distributive property in this case. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00253-00069046-00069223 Because we ended up with some real value. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00254-00069223-00069378 0 is a real value. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00255-00069378-00069725 It is in the real number system. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00256-00069725-00070048 Another tool that we can use is called complex conjugates. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00257-00070048-00070470 And some of the notation you might see in the textbook is z +YUTzyDq2B4I-00258-00070470-00071080 is just our notation for a complex number, a plus bi. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00259-00071080-00071238 Its conjugate-- +YUTzyDq2B4I-00260-00071238-00071460 that's what this bar over the z means-- +YUTzyDq2B4I-00261-00071460-00071886 the conjugate of this number is a minus bi. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00262-00071886-00072220 The only difference is the sign changes between them. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00263-00072220-00072368 These are complex conjugates. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00264-00072368-00072655 If we multiply complex conjugates, we're actually +YUTzyDq2B4I-00265-00072655-00072905 going to end up with a real value. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00266-00072905-00073054 And we'll look at this and see why. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00267-00073054-00073410 What happens if we just observe this for a moment? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00268-00073410-00073597 It looks like the difference of squares. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00269-00073597-00073789 Well, a times a. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00270-00073789-00074045 If we use FOIL, we get a squared. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00271-00074342-00074640 a times bi is abi. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00272-00074640-00074910 a times negative bi is negative abi. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00273-00074910-00075154 The middle terms cancel out, just like they would if we +YUTzyDq2B4I-00274-00075154-00075561 were multiplying the sum or difference of squares. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00275-00075561-00076103 And bi times negative bi is a negative bi squared. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00276-00076103-00076244 What is i squared? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00277-00076244-00076366 It's negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00278-00076366-00076861 Negative times a negative is a positive. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00279-00076861-00077048 I forgot my squared term there, though. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00280-00077048-00077360 And we notice we get the sum of squares. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00281-00077360-00077673 Now, there is no way to factor that unless we factor in the +YUTzyDq2B4I-00282-00077673-00077944 complex number system. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00283-00077944-00078073 So a conjugate-- +YUTzyDq2B4I-00284-00078073-00078348 just changing the sign in between it-- is a tool we can +YUTzyDq2B4I-00285-00078348-00078717 use to get a real value if we need to. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00286-00078717-00078811 Now, here's an example. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00287-00078811-00079309 If I have a complex number of 3 minus 4i, its conjugate-- +YUTzyDq2B4I-00288-00079309-00079481 that's just the bar over the top. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00289-00079481-00079751 Tells me the conjugate is 3 plus 4i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00290-00079751-00080008 Just change the signs in between them. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00291-00080008-00080232 So the reason why we introduced this is because we +YUTzyDq2B4I-00292-00080232-00080785 use this to explain division in the complex number system. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00293-00080785-00081285 If you recall from a previous math class, you had to +YUTzyDq2B4I-00294-00081285-00081540 rationalize your denominators. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00295-00081540-00081863 So if we move over here, let's look at division. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00296-00081863-00082208 This i a square root. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00297-00082208-00082482 And we don't want square roots in our denominators. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00298-00082482-00082839 So we're going to rationalize the denominator. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00299-00082839-00083122 And in order to rationalize the denominator, how do we get +YUTzyDq2B4I-00300-00083122-00083341 this i term to go away? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00301-00083341-00083695 That's where we use the tool of a complex conjugate. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00302-00083695-00084174 The complex conjugate here would be a minus bi. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00303-00084174-00084398 I just changed the sign between them. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00304-00084398-00084540 And now I can FOIL this out. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00305-00084540-00085085 And when I do, I get a squared plus b squared. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00306-00085085-00085211 These are real values. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00307-00085211-00085428 So whatever is in my denominator is a real value +YUTzyDq2B4I-00308-00085428-00085778 with no radical. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00309-00085778-00086086 But what I do to the bottom, I have to do to the top. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00310-00086086-00086408 Because essentially, I'm just multiplying by 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00311-00086408-00086612 And then I can use the distributive property of the +YUTzyDq2B4I-00312-00086612-00087306 multiplication rules I used. a times c minus bci. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00313-00087562-00087715 So I've rationalized it. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00314-00087715-00087902 It's still an imaginary number. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00315-00087902-00088190 Maybe if I knew what these values where, I could split it +YUTzyDq2B4I-00316-00088190-00088662 up to a plus bi form, where I have the real part separated +YUTzyDq2B4I-00317-00088662-00088801 from the imaginary part. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00318-00088801-00088884 And I could do that. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00319-00088884-00089611 It'd be ac over this quantity minus bci over this quantity. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00320-00089611-00089825 And just for time's sake, I'll leave that. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00321-00089825-00090001 So I want to rationalize this. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00322-00090001-00090433 I want to do this division of complex numbers. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00323-00090433-00090748 And I do that by rationalizing the denominator with its +YUTzyDq2B4I-00324-00090748-00090888 complex conjugate. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00325-00090888-00091098 What is the conjugate? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00326-00091098-00091329 2 minus 3i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00327-00091329-00091669 And what I do to the bottom, I do to the top. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00328-00091669-00091850 Now I can just use FOIL. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00329-00091850-00092046 And I'm going to use a little shortcut here. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00330-00092046-00092336 If I FOIL the bottom, I'm going to get the first term +YUTzyDq2B4I-00331-00092336-00092653 squared minus the second term squared. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00332-00092653-00092844 Because the middle terms cancel out because they're +YUTzyDq2B4I-00333-00092844-00092941 different signs. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00334-00092941-00093554 Well, I get 4 minus 9i squared. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00335-00093806-00094052 Well, that i squared is negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00336-00094052-00094225 That's just going to change the sign here. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00337-00094225-00094435 Let's change that sign right now. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00338-00094435-00094576 And if you missed that, pause the video. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00339-00094576-00094682 Back it up. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00340-00094682-00095112 4 plus 9 is 13. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00341-00095112-00095321 And then I can use FOIL at the top here. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00342-00095321-00095519 So I'm going to get 4. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00343-00095519-00095744 I'm going to get minus 6i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00344-00095744-00095936 Minus 6i again. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00345-00095936-00096104 Minus 12i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00346-00096104-00096683 And negative 3i times negative 3i is a positive 9i squared. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00347-00096683-00096896 And if we do a little simplification, that i squared +YUTzyDq2B4I-00348-00096896-00096997 just changes the sign. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00349-00096997-00097869 4 minus 9 is 5, right? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00350-00097869-00097947 Negative 5. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00351-00097947-00098052 Don't make a sign error. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00352-00098052-00098288 Minus 12i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00353-00098288-00098527 Now, let's pause for a moment and say, is this +YUTzyDq2B4I-00354-00098527-00098690 in a plus bi form? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00355-00098690-00098842 No, it's not. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00356-00098842-00099351 It has to be the real part, which is negative 5 over 13, +YUTzyDq2B4I-00357-00099351-00100079 minus the imaginary part, 12 13ths is my b, times i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00358-00100079-00100167 So we split it up. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00359-00100167-00100430 Now it's in a plus bi form. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00360-00100430-00100785 And it has to be written in that form. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00361-00100785-00100944 All right, let's look at this example here. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00362-00100944-00101125 We have i to the negative 23rd. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00363-00101125-00101402 We're going to take the long route in how to solve this, +YUTzyDq2B4I-00364-00101402-00101699 and then we're going to take the easy route. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00365-00101699-00101843 i to the negative 23rd. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00366-00101843-00102055 Well, how do we get rid of a negative exponent? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00367-00102055-00102180 We take its reciprocal. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00368-00102533-00102755 And now that we've taken its reciprocal, maybe we can +YUTzyDq2B4I-00369-00102755-00102846 simplify this. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00370-00102846-00103154 Well, which version of i is it? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00371-00103154-00103676 Well, I'm going to say, OK, it's i to the 22nd times i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00372-00103676-00103874 That's the same as i to the 23rd. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00373-00103874-00104249 This is not divisible by 4, but it is divisible by 2. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00374-00104249-00104723 So it's negative i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00375-00104723-00104920 So we did a little bit of simplifying. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00376-00104920-00105264 Now, to rationalize that, because this is a square root, +YUTzyDq2B4I-00377-00105264-00105486 I'm going to multiply by its conjugate. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00378-00105486-00105655 It's complex conjugate. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00379-00105655-00105894 I just change the sign. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00380-00105894-00106150 a is 0, b is negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00381-00106150-00106299 Change the sign of b. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00382-00106299-00106691 So I get positive i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00383-00106691-00106910 What I do the bottom, I do to the top. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00384-00106910-00107293 So a negative i times i would be negative i squared, which +YUTzyDq2B4I-00385-00107293-00107400 is positive 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00386-00107400-00107643 Because we've got to change the sign, right? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00387-00107643-00108114 And 1 times i is i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00388-00108114-00108525 So negative i, right? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00389-00108525-00108575 There it is. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00390-00108575-00108700 That's it. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00391-00108989-00109153 Not so bad, right? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00392-00109153-00109509 All right, well, I told you there's a shortcut to this. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00393-00109509-00109810 And I'm going to erase this for a moment. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00394-00109810-00110089 And I'm going to use the shortcut. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00395-00110089-00110970 If I subtract 1 from this, I get negative 24 times i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00396-00110970-00111247 So I made it even by taking 1 away. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00397-00111247-00111521 Is this divisible by 4? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00398-00111521-00111621 Yes, it is. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00399-00111621-00111982 So this would just be 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00400-00111982-00112165 The reciprocal of 1 is still 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00401-00112165-00112684 So this is 1 times i equals i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00402-00112684-00112802 So there we have it. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00403-00112802-00112946 Kind of a shortcut method. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00404-00112946-00113319 Use your values of 2 and 4 to say, is it a positive value or +YUTzyDq2B4I-00405-00113319-00113449 a negative value? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00406-00113449-00113648 And we can work it out. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00407-00113648-00113815 All right, let's move over here. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00408-00113815-00114257 If you recall in the last lecture video, we talked about +YUTzyDq2B4I-00409-00114257-00114332 the discriminant. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00410-00114332-00114747 How the discriminant tells us if we have imaginary, real, or +YUTzyDq2B4I-00411-00114747-00114961 1 real with multiplicity. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00412-00114961-00115216 If the discriminant is less than 0, that means what's +YUTzyDq2B4I-00413-00115216-00115583 under that radical of our quadratic formula is negative. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00414-00115583-00115908 That's where we get these two imaginary numbers. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00415-00115908-00116208 If it's positive, we get two real numbers. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00416-00116208-00116573 And if it's equal to 0, we get one real with multiplicity 2. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00417-00116573-00116841 Now that we have some understanding-- +YUTzyDq2B4I-00418-00116841-00117117 and hopefully we'll practice and do some homework so that +YUTzyDq2B4I-00419-00117117-00117278 we have a deeper understanding-- +YUTzyDq2B4I-00420-00117278-00117603 of the imaginary number system, now we can solve any +YUTzyDq2B4I-00421-00117603-00118106 quadratic equation regardless if it's real or imaginary. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00422-00118106-00118216 And we can use that discriminant. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00423-00118216-00118563 And if we're asked to find a solution in the complex number +YUTzyDq2B4I-00424-00118563-00118875 system, we can look at this and say, hey, am I looking for +YUTzyDq2B4I-00425-00118875-00119038 values that contain i? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00426-00119038-00119266 Or am I looking for real values? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00427-00119266-00119854 Let's take a look at this and use all of our knowledge of +YUTzyDq2B4I-00428-00119854-00120261 solving quadratics or things that are quadratic in form. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00429-00120261-00120569 This here, what I'm going to do here, is I'm going to set +YUTzyDq2B4I-00430-00120569-00120764 this equal to 0. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00431-00120764-00121181 I get x to the fourth minus 1 equals 0. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00432-00121181-00121418 And now I'm going to factor it, because factoring is a +YUTzyDq2B4I-00433-00121418-00121531 useful tool. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00434-00121531-00121763 This is a perfect square, and so is 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00435-00121763-00121994 So I'm just going to say, the difference of squares. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00436-00121994-00122193 Factor it in that form. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00437-00122193-00122872 So I get x squared minus 1, x squared plus 1, equals to 0. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00438-00122872-00123231 And then I realize, hey, I can factor it a little further. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00439-00123231-00123866 x minus 1, x plus 1, times this value here, which I can't +YUTzyDq2B4I-00440-00123866-00124128 factor in the real number system. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00441-00124128-00124347 So I'm just going to leave it like that. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00442-00124347-00124751 Because we're going to review our rules of solving +YUTzyDq2B4I-00443-00124751-00124848 quadratics. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00444-00124848-00125218 Here we can use the 0 factor theorem. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00445-00125218-00125892 x equals, for this factor to be 0, positive 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00446-00125892-00126413 And for this factor to be zero, negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00447-00126413-00126588 But what about this? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00448-00126588-00127104 Let's use our rules for solving quadratics. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00449-00127104-00127333 What would make this value equal to 0? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00450-00127333-00127676 Well, I can subtract 1 from both sides. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00451-00127676-00127952 And now I can use that square root property we talked about +YUTzyDq2B4I-00452-00127952-00128090 in the previous video. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00453-00128090-00128434 x equals plus or minus the square root of negative 1. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00454-00128434-00128771 And that, in itself, is the definition of i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00455-00128771-00129230 So, plus or minus i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00456-00129230-00129370 I found four solutions. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00457-00129370-00129710 Positive 1, negative 1, positive i, negative i. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00458-00129710-00129864 And this is the key. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00459-00129864-00130248 At most, I should have found four solutions, which I did. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00460-00130248-00130591 And I could have used the discriminant when I got to +YUTzyDq2B4I-00461-00130591-00130831 this point right here and here. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00462-00130831-00131190 I could say, hey, this one has two real solutions, because +YUTzyDq2B4I-00463-00131190-00131488 the discriminant would be positive. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00464-00131488-00131881 This one would have two negative or imaginary +YUTzyDq2B4I-00465-00131881-00132027 solutions, because the discriminant +YUTzyDq2B4I-00466-00132027-00132262 is just that, negative. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00467-00132262-00132855 So using your properties for solving quadratics, I have a +YUTzyDq2B4I-00468-00132855-00132997 quiz for you? +YUTzyDq2B4I-00469-00132997-00133201 And that quiz is this right here. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00470-00133201-00133570 Solve this quadratic in the complex number system. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00471-00133570-00133801 You can use any method you want. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00472-00133801-00134199 But if you look at this, if you look at the discriminant, +YUTzyDq2B4I-00473-00134199-00134660 b squared is 16 minus 4ac. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00474-00134660-00135096 4 times 8 times 1 is 32. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00475-00135096-00135483 16 minus 32 is negative 16. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00476-00135483-00135848 So you know that's going to be in the complex number system, +YUTzyDq2B4I-00477-00135848-00136014 just by using the discriminant. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00478-00136014-00136298 So your quiz will be to solve that right there. x squared +YUTzyDq2B4I-00479-00136298-00136544 plus 4x plus 8 equals 0. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00480-00136544-00136889 This has been Section 1.3, Quadratic Equations in the +YUTzyDq2B4I-00481-00136889-00137032 Complex Number System. +YUTzyDq2B4I-00482-00137032-00137157 Thank you for watching. +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00000-00000012-00000451 History was made yesterday at Fort Hood, Texas, forty years after escaping from +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00001-00000451-00000675 Vietnam before the fall of Saigon +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00002-00000675-00001095 Viet Luong became the first ever Vietnamese born general flag officer +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00003-00001095-00001504 in the US military, Brigadier General Luong was joined by his family and +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00004-00001504-00001692 friends for the promotion ceremony +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00005-00001692-00002076 General Luong came to the U.S. as part of Operation Frequent when +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00006-00002076-00002451 a mission to help rescue Vietnamese citizens from the country during the +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00007-00002451-00002667 final days of the Vietnam War +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00008-00002667-00003009 as I reflect on today it's really about our nation +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00009-00003009-00003353 and what it stands for in the opportunities that are forwarded to all +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00010-00003353-00003911 immigrants here in this nation, if I have to tribute this promotion one thing it's to our country +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00011-00003988-00004208 General Long credits his father a former +Yh0OAGdP8mQ-00012-00004209-00004537 Vietnamese Marine officer as being his biggest influence +Ym6B2Tm-2LY-00000-00000048-00001592 god +Ym6B2Tm-2LY-00001-00002064-00002368 focus on +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00000-00000000-00000883 >> ETHAN: Thanks, everybody. Welcome. Thank you all for coming out to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00001-00000883-00001621 today's Media Lab talks. Our event today is called Undocumented +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00002-00001621-00001959 Students: Equal Access to Higher Education and Freedom University +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00003-00001959-00002666 Georgia. We are incredibly lucky to have a great group of people here. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00004-00002666-00003044 My name is Ethan Zuckerman. I teach here at the MIT media lab, and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00005-00003044-00003444 I'll tell you a little bit more about the event in a moment. But I want to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00006-00003444-00003742 go down the line and introduce you to some of the friends that we're +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00007-00003742-00004111 really happy to have here. Right next to me is Bethany Moreton. She's +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00008-00004111-00004530 one of the Freedom University founders. She's also a professor of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00009-00004530-00005147 history at Dartmouth. We've got Betina Kaplan, also a Freedom +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00010-00005147-00005374 University founder and associate professor of Spanish at the University +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00011-00005374-00005977 of Georgia. Going further down, we have Keish Kim. She's a PhD +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00012-00005977-00006334 student at Harvard. She works with PUSH, which is Protect +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00013-00006334-00006773 Undocumented Students at Harvard. Going further down, we have +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00014-00006773-00007242 Gustavo Madrigal. He is one of the founding students of Freedom +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00015-00007242-00007648 University Georgia, and he is an immigration paralegal and also an +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00016-00007648-00008213 immigration activist. And then our end, we've got Pamela Voekel, who's +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00017-00008213-00008563 a Freedom University founder, associate professor of history at +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00018-00008563-00008961 Dartmouth. Did I roughly get everyone’s names and affiliations? OK. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00019-00008961-00009412 Awesome! That’s the main thing I have to accomplish here. But I also +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00020-00009412-00009783 have to tell you ground rules of what’s going on here. We have an event +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00021-00009783-00010149 that is here, live in this space, but it's also being recorded. It's also +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00022-00010149-00010604 being streamed live out on the web. People who are watching it are +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00023-00010604-00011142 going to be tweeting at #mltalks. If you see me playing on my phone, it +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00024-00011142-00011470 is not that you are not interesting. It is that I am trying to figure out +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00025-00011470-00011762 what people are saying on the web and bringing them into the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00026-00011762-00012277 conversation as well. That's part of my job as well. This is the first of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00027-00012277-00012809 two events. We have the live event here. We're all going to have a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00028-00012809-00013213 smaller event, which is entirely off the record and that is going to be in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00029-00013213-00013725 the civic media space that immediately follows after this. And so, that's +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00030-00013725-00014209 an opportunity for people who aren't comfortable being on-stage, or +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00031-00014209-00014575 may have questions or things that they want to talk about that they +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00032-00014575-00014976 don't want broadcast out to the rest of the world. And we have a space +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00033-00014976-00015491 for that as well. But our conversation here is really about three +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00034-00015491-00016225 subjects. It starts with the disobedience prize, which you saw launched +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00035-00016225-00016785 here at the media this past summer. That was an attempt to show +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00036-00016785-00017430 some of the exciting things there are happening around pro-social +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00037-00017430-00018060 disobedience. We ended up honoring four winners of that award. One +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00038-00018060-00018546 of those four winner was Freedom University Georgia. We have five of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00039-00018546-00018908 the founders who were involved with that on-stage with me today. And +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00040-00018908-00019296 this is going to be an opportunity for us to talk about what Freedom +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00041-00019296-00019884 University Georgia has been trying to accomplish, but really around this +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00042-00019884-00020258 larger question of undocumented students, access to education, and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00043-00020258-00020751 transforming the educational system so that more people have access +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00044-00020751-00020979 to higher education at places like the University of Georgia and also +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00045-00020979-00021571 places like MIT, and we're going to end up talking a little bit about what +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00046-00021571-00022095 MIT has been doing around these issues for good or for ill, as well. So, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00047-00022095-00022617 before we jump in and start by putting some of students and some of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00048-00022617-00022975 the professors on the spot, I'm wondering if we can go to this video, and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00049-00022975-00023437 this is a trailer for a documentary that has been documenting what's +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00050-00023437-00023751 been going on with Freedom University Georgia. So, if we can go to that, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00051-00023751-00024131 that would be great. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00052-00024131-00024310 >> Why is this backwards? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00053-00024310-00024739 >> Hello, Nathan -- we are on the plane. We're about to take off. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00054-00024739-00025662 [Music.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00055-00025662-00025877 >> Ask for her phone number. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00056-00025877-00026045 >> No. You didn't ask me. You friend asked me. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00057-00026045-00026225 >> I actually said my friend? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00058-00026225-00026361 >> Yeah. That was childish. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00059-00026361-00026616 >> So, we were like, "Nah." +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00060-00026616-00026732 [Woman laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00061-00026732-00026958 [Music.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00062-00026958-00027137 >> My dream is to be an astronaut, but. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00063-00027137-00027360 >> He's stuck with a third-grade dream. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00064-00027360-00027675 >> No, I'm not. All right. OK. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00065-00027675-00028700 [Music.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00066-00028700-00029185 >> I got an education. I graduated. I've been really lucky. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00067-00029185-00029626 So, there's never really been any obstacles, and so now then, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00068-00029626-00029817 I want to go to college. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00069-00029817-00030376 [Music.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00070-00030376-00030629 >> I'm a very smart student. I can mess around a lot, but I'm very smart, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00071-00030629-00031245 but yet I'm here working, wasting my life. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00072-00031245-00031727 [Music.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00073-00031727-00032089 >> My grandmother will always tell me to be careful enough. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00074-00032089-00032406 If someone was to ask me, "Are you illegal?" to say that I was a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00075-00032406-00032826 citizen, that I was born here. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00076-00032826-00033008 [Sirens.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00077-00033008-00033278 >> My mom got stopped. The cop pulled us over and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00078-00033278-00033864 found that she didn't have a license, and he said that he had to take her in. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00079-00033864-00034141 >> Like, what's the point? I'm going to make it here. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00080-00034141-00034359 They don't want me here. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00081-00034359-00034741 >> We are involved on a war on terror, and after all, these are undocumented. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00082-00034741-00035279 That's the point, really. We don't know who a lot of these people are. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00083-00035279-00035713 >> There are people purposely out to make your day miserable, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00084-00035713-00036321 make your life less. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00085-00036321-00036817 >> We're number one. We're number one. We're number one. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00086-00036817-00037357 >> Let me tell you, when I received DACA, I took a risk, not only for me, but for my family. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00087-00037357-00037947 >> They knew my address, so to say that they don't know who we are, it's a lie. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00088-00037947-00038358 >> One, two, three. Undocumented! +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00089-00038358-00038669 >> I'm not leaving until they come and get me. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00090-00038669-00039133 >> I'm a Georgia boy. All I've ever known is Georgia. I don't really want to leave. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00091-00039133-00039928 [Chanting.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00092-00039928-00040221 >> People united. We'll never be defeated. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00093-00040221-00040571 >> I'm not scared. Like, I'm just not. Now, we just fight harder, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00094-00040571-00040901 and we fight smarter, and we fight as one. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00095-00040901-00042335 [Music.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00096-00042335-00042680 >> ETHAN: So, we're having this conversation here at MIT +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00097-00042680-00043120 at a very interesting and very fraught moment in time. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00098-00043120-00043552 We have a group of people in the United States who have +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00099-00043552-00043978 grown up in this country, have gone to school in this country, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00100-00043978-00044540 who, in many cases, don't know their citizenship status until +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00101-00044540-00044909 they're in the process of applying to college, or sometimes in the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00102-00044909-00045423 process of looking for financial aid. We had limited protection for +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00103-00045423-00046021 undocumented people in this country under DACA. Through some +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00104-00046021-00046681 political machinations, we are now in a state where DACA is no longer +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00105-00046681-00047054 on the books. It's suspended, and there are now negotiations +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00106-00047054-00047588 happening between the president and Congress over the future of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00107-00047588-00048179 undocumented people we've arrived in this country, as children, who +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00108-00048179-00048482 through no personal decision of their own, find themselves in a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00109-00048482-00048994 situation where they're undocumented. And, as educator this country, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00110-00048994-00049382 this is an enormous sort of moral and practical challenge. How do we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00111-00049382-00049855 provide the education to students who want the chance to learn but +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00112-00049855-00050720 who don't have the paperwork, don't have the rights in some states to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00113-00050720-00051299 go and attend those state universities? And, so, my friends who's been +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00114-00051299-00051673 involved with Freedom University Georgia have been very insistent that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00115-00051673-00052176 we center this conversation on the experience of students who found +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00116-00052176-00052885 themselves, like the students in the video, looking at the situations, sort +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00117-00052885-00053345 of deciding how do you go further? And so, Gustavo Madrigal, I'm +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00118-00053345-00053945 hoping that you might help us and sort of talk about your experience as a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00119-00053945-00054451 student and how that ended up sort of informing Freedom University Georgia. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00120-00054451-00054976 >> GUSTAVO: Yeah, so thank you so much. And I guess I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00121-00054976-00055471 really have to start at the end of my junior year and going to my senior +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00122-00055471-00056089 year. So, at the end of my junior year, I thought that I was going to go to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00123-00056089-00056604 college with my friends and that I was going to use the Hope Scholarship, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00124-00056604-00057049 which is a state scholarship in Georgia to be able to pay tuition. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00125-00057049-00057502 Then, I found out through talks with my counselor that I was not +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00126-00057502-00058166 going to be eligible for the Hope Scholarship, and that I think, I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00127-00058166-00058642 remember just sort of being in the room with her and then she stopped +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00128-00058642-00059303 beating around the bush and just straight up asked me, "Are you illegal?" +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00129-00059303-00059799 and I said, "Yes," and I didn't know exactly what that meant, right, at the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00130-00059799-00060322 time. I knew that I wasn't documented in some way, but I really didn't +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00131-00060322-00060866 know what the extent of that was until I found out that I wasn't going to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00132-00060866-00061376 be able to go to college, just like I had planned with my friends. And, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00133-00061376-00061751 you know, at the end of my junior year, I had a 3.9 GPA which went down +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00134-00061751-00062072 to a 3.3 by the end of my senior year because my senior year, I didn't +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00135-00062072-00062804 really care anymore. I saw no point of, you know, keeping the work that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00136-00062804-00063441 I had been doing going. And so, I sort of just stopped. Then, I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00137-00063441-00064034 graduated and then, in September of 2009, I had a very, very bad car +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00138-00064034-00064725 accident. And when I came back I thought, "OK. Is this really what life +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00139-00064725-00065182 is going to be now? Is this really who I want to be? Do I want to give up +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00140-00065182-00065607 on trying to go to college?" And back then, I didn't know. Right? I didn't +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00141-00065607-00066088 know that just like me, there were hundreds of thousands. There were +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00142-00066088-00066554 millions of people in the same situation, and it wasn't until after that car +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00143-00066554-00067062 accident, when I was recovering, I was stuck at home, I didn't know +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00144-00067062-00067387 what to do. I couldn't work, which was the main thing keeping me going +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00145-00067387-00068013 then, and so I did a search for illegal students on Google, and the first +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00146-00068013-00068494 thing that came up was an article on the Dream Act and then a small +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00147-00068494-00069082 portal on the web that was a meeting place for undocumented youth +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00148-00069082-00069592 from all over the country. And that's sort of when I started getting +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00149-00069592-00070220 involved with the activism that was happening in Atlanta and back then, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00150-00070220-00070624 the group was called The Georgia Dreamers, and I started getting +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00151-00070624-00070841 involved with them because what they were doing is they were trying to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00152-00070841-00071352 mobilize as many people for the Dream Act as possible. And then in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00153-00071352-00071804 late 2010, we actually were able to push the Dream Act up for a vote, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00154-00071804-00072385 and we got a vote, and then it failed. It passed the House, but it didn't +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00155-00072385-00072818 pass the Senate. And that was, I think of lot of us credit it to five +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00156-00072818-00073580 Democrats who decided to vote against it and killed it by voting against it. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00157-00073580-00074289 And so, I remember then, there was this anxiety within the youth +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00158-00074289-00074974 were a part of the Georgia Dreamers. And that anxiety was, "Can we do +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00159-00074974-00075452 what we think is the most important work without having any +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00160-00075452-00075995 limitations placed upon that work from, you know, an organization that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00161-00075995-00076479 we're a part of them?" And we decided that yes, we could do that, but +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00162-00076479-00076832 that it would require having a different group. It would require having a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00163-00076832-00077160 different structure. And it would require having accountability to each +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00164-00077160-00077983 other. And then, so after 2011, the Dream Act, you know, in 2011, we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00165-00077983-00078459 decided that the fight was no longer at the federal level, so it wasn't +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00166-00078459-00078785 anymore about trying to push the Dream Act at the federal level +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00167-00078785-00079165 because we were fighting against many things, but, specifically, in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00168-00079165-00079875 Georgia, we were fighting against HB 87, and that is like the SB 1070 +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00169-00079875-00080428 copycat law that passed in Georgia, and those laws are still in the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00170-00080428-00080894 courts, so at any point, you know, within the next few years, we could +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00171-00080894-00081404 see a decision that says HB 87, SB 1070, these are all legals. Right? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00172-00081404-00082039 So, these horrible, horrible laws might actually be enforced, and so we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00173-00082039-00082648 were also fighting secure communities and HB 87, which were these +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00174-00082648-00083074 programs where local law enforcement cooperates with immigration +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00175-00083074-00083470 customs enforcement to try to streamline that process of deportation +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00176-00083470-00084091 for as many people as possible, who end up being booked into local police stations. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00177-00084091-00084368 >> ETHAN: And HB 87 was a law that could essentially require +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00178-00084370-00084654 all local law enforcement to essentially act as immigration +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00179-00084654-00085406 officials and demand to see people's papers. So, obviously, incredibly +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00180-00085406-00085675 threatening to any undocumented population. When these laws came +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00181-00085675-00086013 around, were you at school at this point? What had happened to you +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00182-00086013-00086412 after high school? You got involved with Dream activism. Where had +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00183-00086412-00086882 you wanted to go to college? Were you planning on going to the University of Georgia? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00184-00086882-00087351 >> GUSTAVO: Not the University of Georgia. I was planning to go to Kennesaw State University, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00185-00087351-00087742 and I actually was no longer in school when I started getting involved. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00186-00087742-00088231 I graduated high school in 2009, and 2009 is when I had my accident, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00187-00088231-00088565 and sort of that's where it all began. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00188-00088565-00088991 But while I was fighting these laws, while we were fighting these +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00189-00088993-00089398 laws, I was no longer in school, and so, that definitely was +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00190-00089398-00089878 a protection that you lose once you graduate high school. Right? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00191-00089878-00090324 You're no longer a student. You're just another adult who's +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00192-00090324-00090700 undocumented, and who's vulnerable. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00193-00090700-00090943 >> ETHAN: And what are the laws in Georgia as far as attending a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00194-00090943-00091244 state university as an undocumented student? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00195-00091244-00091886 >> GUSTAVO: Well, so, as we were fighting HB 87, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00196-00091886-00092416 as we were fighting s-com, secure communities, and what is the other one? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00197-00092416-00093197 287G. Yeah. The ban came. There's too many things. But, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00198-00093197-00093640 yeah, then the ban came down, which said that undocumented students +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00199-00093640-00094000 could not attend the top-five research universities in the State of Georgia, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00200-00094002-00094392 and it also included language that said that any college, any +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00201-00094392-00094891 public school in the State of Georgia that had rejected a qualified +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00202-00094891-00095382 applicant, and for the purposes of this ban, qualified meant someone +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00203-00095382-00095950 with lawful status or a US citizen, that any institution that had rejected a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00204-00095950-00096573 qualified applicant in the last two years could no longer accept +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00205-00096573-00097014 undocumented students. Now, undocumented students not only +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00206-00097014-00097619 couldn't really go to these top-five universities, but also the ban was +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00207-00097619-00098186 created so that it could spread out, right? And, you know, we couldn't +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00208-00098186-00098666 pay in-state tuition. We couldn't pay out-of-state tuition. We had to pay +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00209-00098666-00099269 international rates, which are four times higher than in-state tuition. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00210-00099269-00099770 And so that's sort of where, you know, the fight turned away from, well +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00211-00099770-00100235 not away because we were still trying to fight secure communities, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00212-00100235-00101004 287G, HB 87, but then it opened up another front, which was the educational front. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00213-00101004-00101395 >> ETHAN: So, here's a law in Georgia that is significantly more +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00214-00101395-00101839 restrictive than a lot of states. A lot of states have essentially said, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00215-00101839-00102261 "For undocumented students, we can't give you in-state tuition, but you can pay +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00216-00102263-00102694 out-of-state tuition." In Georgia, you've gone even further and essentially said, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00217-00102694-00103017 "If you can get in, you'll be paying the international tuition, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00218-00103017-00103432 a much higher rate, but beyond that, you're not +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00219-00103432-00103688 admitted to the top-five research universities in the state, and for the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00220-00103688-00104308 rest of the universities in the state, if they have rejected anyone in the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00221-00104308-00104650 last two years, you are not allowed admission, because you might be +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00222-00104650-00105152 taking that slot from an otherwise rejected student." What did you +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00223-00105152-00105603 yourself find yourself doing at this point? You're already at this point an +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00224-00105603-00106056 activist. You're already working against HB 87 and then these other +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00225-00106056-00106515 laws that are on the books. But I know the end of the story. You're a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00226-00106515-00106971 paralegal. You're an immigration advocate. Did you get to go to college? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00227-00106971-00107382 How did this end up happening? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00228-00107382-00107722 >> GUSTAVO: Yeah, so, I did end up going to college. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00229-00107722-00108284 So, what we were fighting these things, the idea for +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00230-00108284-00108818 Freedom University was born, I think within the professors who +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00231-00108818-00109476 are here, and Keish and, you know, a bigger group of people, and at that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00232-00109476-00110055 time, the group that we had decided to create so we could be +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00233-00110055-00110497 accountable to ourselves and not to some higher power, right, that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00234-00110497-00110770 could dictate. What we did was called the Georgia Undocumented +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00235-00110770-00111477 Youth Alliance or GUYA, and then, I mean I think then that's sort of when +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00236-00111477-00111947 the professors and the groups linked up, right, and the idea for Freedom +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00237-00111947-00112493 University become a reality. And, for me, at least, it was going through +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00238-00112493-00112926 Freedom University and learning about these resources and learning +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00239-00112926-00113300 about the fact that, you know, while I was no longer in school, I had +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00240-00113300-00113863 been out of school for years, and I had so lost hope, right, that I could +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00241-00113863-00114413 continue, that I could try to do this, that having this team of people +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00242-00114413-00114855 behind me and working with me would help me and, eventually, I ended +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00243-00114855-00115344 up getting a full ride to Hampshire College in Western Massachusetts, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00244-00115344-00116058 and that's how I was about to go to college. If it wasn't for the people +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00245-00116058-00116759 here in Georgia who couldn't be here, I remember one, it was 4 AM in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00246-00116759-00117296 November of 2011. She called me up, and I was still half-asleep, and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00247-00117296-00117883 she asked me, "Have you applied to any places?" And I said, "I haven't." +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00248-00117883-00118368 And she just, she went off on me, and she was like, "No. No. No. I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00249-00118368-00118626 need you to get up. I need to to start applying. I need you to start +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00250-00118626-00118971 writing the essays. And, you know, at 5, I want you to send me essay +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00251-00118971-00119268 that you wrote so that we can edit them and then you can continue +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00252-00119268-00119874 writing them." And so, that kind of push, right. I mean, that's the kind +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00253-00119874-00120440 of push that we also needed because we were so focused on all these +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00254-00120440-00120827 things that we had to push back against that we forgot to push +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00255-00120827-00121368 ourselves towards the goal that we wanted to attain that I think at that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00256-00121368-00121983 point became this abstract idea of if we can manage to get to a good +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00257-00121983-00122921 point here, I might be able to go to school, but now, it's more for the people who are on their way. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00258-00122921-00123152 >> ETHAN: So you saw yourself needing to win the movement first +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00259-00123152-00123592 and then have that opportunity, and actually one of the things that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00260-00123592-00124067 Freedom University helped you do was sort of go from not being able to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00261-00124067-00124480 going to one of the most selective liberal arts colleges in the nation, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00262-00124480-00124886 now finding yourself sort of committed in the longer term here. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00263-00124886-00125401 Keish, can you talk about your story, about sort of how you got involved with this as well? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00264-00125401-00125737 And then, I want to talk to the professors about how they +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00265-00125740-00126092 ended up sort of meeting the other side of this equation. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00266-00126092-00126760 >> KEISH: Right. No. I think Gustavo did an amazing job laying out sort of the all the outside +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00267-00126763-00127098 forces that was making us feel and being you know sort of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00268-00127101-00127409 stuck in a certain type of social and political space. Right? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00269-00127409-00127908 So, I was in a very, very similar space. I had always +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00270-00127908-00128385 known that I was sort of undocumented, not really knowing the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00271-00128385-00128671 repercussions of it until it was college time, which a lot of the stories +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00272-00128671-00129163 often go is when students are trying to obtain higher education or there +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00273-00129163-00129504 are other stories about the driver’s licenses things. Right? Trying to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00274-00129504-00130135 access just day-to-day like livelihood that we sort of meet these barriers +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00275-00130135-00130778 and realize that we cannot have those access. So, I was very similar in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00276-00130778-00131237 that trajectory. I had went into my counselor, my guidance counselor in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00277-00131237-00131589 Georgia, trying to figure out how I can go to school. How can I afford +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00278-00131589-00132284 school? And his answer was that I couldn't, or he doesn't really +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00279-00132284-00132874 understand what should be done. So, I did my own route. I applied to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00280-00132874-00133272 several state schools. I applied to all the schools that my friends were +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00281-00133272-00133626 applying to UGA, University of Georgia, Georgia Tech, Georgia State, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00282-00133626-00134166 a bunch of all the colleges around. I applied to a few out-of-state for +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00283-00134166-00134640 some reason. I applied to Auburn. I applied to Emory. So, that was a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00284-00134640-00135223 private university. But it ended up being down, going down to the cost. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00285-00135223-00135845 So, how can your family who are also undocumented and working under +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00286-00135845-00136481 the table 9-5, or even more hours, multiple shift, multiple jobs for low pay, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00287-00136481-00137133 to afford an international rate, which is like what, $50,000, $60,000 a year? I couldn't. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00288-00137133-00137429 >> ETHAN: Yeah. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00289-00137429-00137643 >> KEISH: So, my frustration. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00290-00137643-00138038 >> No access to loans. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00291-00138038-00138185 >> KEISH: No. No access to loans. So, you needed a US citizen to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00292-00138187-00138332 sort of like guarantee and be a benefactor and be a cosigner. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00293-00138332-00138799 As an undocumented person, who do you have access that can be a cosigner to a $120,000 loan? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00294-00138799-00139200 >> ETHAN: Nobody. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00295-00139200-00139488 >> KEISH: Nobody. Even with papers. Even as a citizen. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00296-00139488-00140130 So, I met that barrier. I also graduated in 2009, and I went into a bad place where +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00297-00140130-00140733 1, I couldn't get a job. I was helping my parents. I was working at a flea +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00298-00140733-00141266 market. I was frustrated. I was really scared. I felt that my parents' +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00299-00141266-00141684 whole reasoning coming to the US was sort of down the drain, and that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00300-00141684-00142316 was a lot of burden that I carried on my part. I was naive. I was +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00301-00142316-00143030 determined to go to school, so I started doing solo studying, which, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00302-00143030-00143832 looking back now, wasn't very effective. But I tried to redo the SATs. I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00303-00143832-00144378 tried to read more. I tried to do all these test preps on my own for a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00304-00144378-00144999 year-and-a-half until I started organizing. It was not a good place to be. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00305-00144999-00145493 And the whole premise on that, for me was, you know, once in a while +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00306-00145493-00145693 you'll see in your local ethnic newspaper, so mine is Korean, Korean +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00307-00145693-00145940 newspapers about success stories of like students who didn't have +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00308-00145940-00146256 papers but went into Harvard or went into some super-prestigious +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00309-00146256-00146972 school and got a full funding, and I think that was my ultimate goal. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00310-00146972-00147589 Yeah, but that's not sustainable. So, I also reached out to a national +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00311-00147589-00148019 organizer. I think at that time it was Perla Law who was undocumented +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00312-00148019-00148563 at that time, who is doing amazing work as in UC Berkeley being the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00313-00148563-00149283 legal counselor and staff attorney there or was. And I reached out to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00314-00149283-00149692 them and was like, "Hey. I'm undocumented." Or at that time, we would +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00315-00149692-00150210 use the word illegal. I used the word illegal. I was like, "I'm illegal. I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00316-00150210-00150582 need, I want to go to school. I need to go to school. Can you help me?" +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00317-00150582-00150818 And they had connected me to a fellow organizer and comrade, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00318-00150818-00151383 Georgina, who was a stronghold in Georgia, and that's when I had gone +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00319-00151383-00151764 to the first meeting that led up to being the Georgia Undocumented +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00320-00151764-00152343 Youth Alliance GUYA. Yeah - and how we got involved with Freedom U, I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00321-00152343-00153227 think it was in culmination of everything. Right? With HB 87, with policy +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00322-00153227-00153662 416, with all this legal pressure that's happening, with a lot of students +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00323-00153662-00154359 getting arrested, a lot of students being detained, putting in deportation +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00324-00154359-00154649 proceedings, and we were fighting. We were trying to fight them. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00325-00154649-00154999 Right? That the professors were also concerned about their own +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00326-00154999-00155457 students that were around them that were certainly getting pressured to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00327-00155457-00156149 1 scope out and then 2 like kick out. Or one, they lost funding. Right? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00328-00156149-00156633 Because of policy 416, the institution started figuring out who were +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00329-00156633-00157156 undocumented and started requesting funding. Right? They need to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00330-00157156-00157946 pay certain bills, and they had reached out to GUYA to ask for some advice. Right? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00331-00157946-00158601 >> ETHAN: So this had literally affected people who were in school +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00332-00158601-00158846 at that point for whom tuition might go up by a factor of 4. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00333-00158846-00159075 >> KEISH: Yeah. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00334-00159075-00159277 >> ETHAN: Because suddenly, their citizenship status became +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00335-00159277-00159673 critical as far as how it was going. For you, you were not in school, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00336-00159673-00160089 but you were starting to get involved with the Undocumented Rights Movement +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00337-00160089-00160419 >> KEISH: Yes. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00338-00160419-00160664 >> ETHAN: with the Dream Movement, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00339-00160664-00160886 >> KEISH: Yes. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00340-00160886-00161133 >> ETHAN: Let me now sort of bridge over to my friends who are teaching at University +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00341-00161135-00161392 of Georgia at this point, and I'm sort of curious how you sort of ended up meeting and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00342-00161392-00161793 connecting at that point. So, maybe, Betina, if I can, can I go to you first on this? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00343-00161793-00162605 >> BETINA: OK. OK. So, in 2010, when the resolution against, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00344-00162605-00163223 the ban against undocumented students passed, many of us started +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00345-00163223-00164034 considering ways in which we could protest or oppose to the ban. At +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00346-00164034-00164480 that time, Pam and Bethany were already very well-connected, and they +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00347-00164480-00164889 can tell a little more. With students' organizations who were protesting +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00348-00164889-00165718 against the rates of tuition, and they were going up and the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00349-00165718-00166460 scholarships were going down, were shrinking. So, there was a group +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00350-00166460-00166955 of students in UGA, mostly upper-division and graduate students who +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00351-00166955-00167840 were very engaged with access to higher education. In my department, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00352-00167840-00168780 we had recently hired Lorgia García-Peña as the specialist in Latino studies. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00353-00168780-00169136 >> The only one in the entire state, right? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00354-00169136-00169472 >> BETINA: Most likely, yes. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00355-00169472-00169672 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00356-00169672-00169936 >> BETINA: Now, it has changed a little bit, but at that time, yes. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00357-00169936-00170278 And it was a long fight to get this position opened, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00358-00170278-00170632 and there was a group of us within the department who were thinking +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00359-00170632-00171149 that the Latino student body was growing and that we were not offering +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00360-00171149-00171811 anything to them, so we were pushing for this to happen. We got it. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00361-00171811-00172266 Lorgia was there. And then we have this horrible news that would +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00362-00172266-00172996 affect mostly, not only, but mostly Latino students. So, I remember +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00363-00172996-00173535 once talking to Lorgia in a corridor and saying, "What are we going to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00364-00173535-00174047 do? This is affecting us. This is against us." And at the same time, I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00365-00174047-00174727 think, Pam invited me to a meeting with students and community +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00366-00174727-00175458 members, and in that meeting, we just starting brainstorming on how to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00367-00175458-00176425 react directly to this ban. I was following the student movement GUYA, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00368-00176425-00176858 what they were doing. I was following in the news how young people +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00369-00176858-00177485 were putting themselves to arrest, and I felt horrible that I was a grown-up +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00370-00177485-00178085 person responsible for educating these people and was not doing +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00371-00178085-00178764 anything. So, at that point, we met and was a community member, Beth O, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00372-00178764-00179372 who very naively said, “Well, you three are teachers.” We four. There +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00373-00179372-00179733 was someone else. “Why don’t you teach them? They cannot go to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00374-00179733-00180004 college. Why don’t you teach them?” +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00375-00180004-00180721 And after that, we started thinking of options and toying with the idea +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00376-00180721-00181265 and, immediately, we decided that we couldn’t plan anything without +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00377-00181265-00181878 asking the students what their needs were and how this idea of teaching +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00378-00181878-00182567 a class would go with them, so that’s when we met with a group of GUYA +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00379-00182567-00183270 students, and Keish was there, and we decided that it was the way to go, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00380-00183270-00184178 and we started as a protest and also as a way to support this group of students. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00381-00184178-00184791 >> ETHAN: So, Pam, my understanding of this is that this wasn’t just a solidarity +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00382-00184791-00185250 actual. That was certainly a big piece of that, but it was also a very practical, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00383-00185250-00185721 educational, how do we help students get to the point +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00384-00185721-00186274 where they can find the resources to find a school that’s willing +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00385-00186274-00186674 to accept them and that they can afford. How did this actually work? Did +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00386-00186674-00187115 you have a classroom? Did you meet? What did you teach? How did this work out? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00387-00187115-00187480 >> PAM: Yeah. I remember that during these organizational meeting +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00388-00187483-00187863 Keish, in particular, and Gina, who she referenced really pushing +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00389-00187863-00188391 saying, "You know, what we want is to be in a college classroom." And, I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00390-00188391-00188628 think, if I'm not misreading this, that GUYA was saying, "This would be +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00391-00188628-00189029 politically, incredibly useful to have this kind." And it did attract an +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00392-00189029-00189403 incredible amount of media. And, so, we taught that class, and because +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00393-00189403-00189860 of Lorgia García-Peña, we were able to offer a kind of Latinx studies +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00394-00189860-00190253 classes as well as Latin American literature and culture and US +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00395-00190253-00190690 immigration from a more or less Latinx kind of perspective or a broader +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00396-00190690-00191188 perspective, perhaps. And one thing became really clear and while we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00397-00191188-00191450 were fight the ban, and while the students in the class were at the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00398-00191450-00191776 absolute cutting edge of that fight, there were people like Gustavo and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00399-00191776-00192242 Keish who had already graduated from high school two years before and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00400-00192242-00192602 were really ready to go to college and wanted to do that. And what we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00401-00192602-00193124 saw when we began to do things like SAT prep, we needed SAT prep +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00402-00193124-00193543 books, and so the level of solidarity nationally was amazing. Stacks and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00403-00193543-00194001 stacks of books, not only for this American Studies Latinx Studies class +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00404-00194001-00194450 we were teaching, but also for SAT prep book. And then, the kind of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00405-00194450-00194932 solidarity that came out of places that were actually under resourced like +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00406-00194932-00195341 Tougaloo College in Jackson, Mississippi, a historically black college and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00407-00195341-00195581 university. There was an undocumented student there that went into the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00408-00195581-00195915 admissions office and said, "You know, there's a lot more people like me +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00409-00195915-00196272 who are being banned across the South, especially in Georgia and South +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00410-00196272-00196538 Carolina. You need to open up these scholarships. You need to open up +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00411-00196538-00196901 the fellowships." And so, one of the biggest receiving institutions that we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00412-00196901-00197229 found was one of the poorest colleges in the country. And the second +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00413-00197229-00197644 one that was really fabulous was Berea College, who in the 19th century +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00414-00197644-00197977 was one of the first colleges to integrate along racial lines and along +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00415-00197977-00198378 gender lines, and, in fact, in the 1920s, the Supreme Court came in and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00416-00198378-00198748 shut that down and said, "You can't be integrated along racial lines." And +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00417-00198748-00199121 so, Berea stepped up and said, especially when DACA passed and people +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00418-00199121-00199686 were able to work, because it's a work-study school, that they were able +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00419-00199686-00200075 to provide scholarships. The alumni at Hampshire, led by a woman who +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00420-00200075-00200363 was herself a first-generation student, organized to come up with the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00421-00200366-00200673 money for Gustavo's four-year scholarship. So, what we saw was a lot of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00422-00201154-00201603 intense organizing and incredible solidarity coming from the HBCU, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00423-00201603-00202250 coming from Berea, and coming from organizations in Athens, like that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00424-00202250-00202567 we mentioned Betu who was the head of the Immigrant Rights +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00425-00202567-00202867 Organization, from the African American women who ran the Economic +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00426-00202867-00203194 Justice Coalition and already had networks, so this logistically to run +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00427-00203194-00203571 something like this, you need drivers. That's always the issue in social +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00428-00203571-00204098 movements in the South, right, is public transportation is non-existent. And so +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00429-00204098-00204410 we have these teams of drivers who are coming out of the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00430-00204412-00204751 Economic Justice Coalition. We were receiving death threats from the Klan and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00431-00204751-00205018 people like that, and so the Economic Justice Coalition provided +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00432-00205018-00205312 someone who was out in the parking lot while the students were meeting +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00433-00205312-00205698 on Sundays for these three-hour intensive classes to watch, you know, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00434-00205698-00206044 and not to call the police, because that wouldn't do any good. Right? So, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00435-00206044-00206377 we had our own kind of protection system out of these pre-existing +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00436-00206377-00206659 solidarity networks. And some of the people doing the driving were +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00437-00206659-00207029 Teamsters, people from the Racial Justice Action Center in Atlanta. There +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00438-00207029-00207354 were lawyers that came in from the Southern Poverty Law Center and the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00439-00207354-00207767 Southern Center for Human Rights that took on some of these cases, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00440-00207767-00208381 because some students with broken talk lights had police records, and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00441-00208381-00208752 so if they're going to leave the state to go to college, that had to be +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00442-00208752-00209142 addressed in courtrooms and things. So, one of the interesting things +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00443-00209142-00209606 about Freedom U was this incredible level of solidarity form these +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00444-00209606-00210095 under resourced colleges and from these existing activist networks, I think. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00445-00210095-00210512 >> ETHAN: So when we think of this as four professors got +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00446-00210512-00210952 together at an undisclosed location and held free classes for +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00447-00210952-00211392 undocumented students, we're seeing like the tip of an iceberg of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00448-00211392-00211838 organizing that includes how do people get there? How do you protect +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00449-00211838-00212169 the people who are there? How do you think about this larger question of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00450-00212169-00212873 what the goal is of this? And it sounded like, from very early on, the goal +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00451-00212873-00213268 was not an alternative to being able to go to a university. It was the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00452-00213268-00213552 opportunity to get in there. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00453-00213552-00214023 >> PAM: And you have to realize that the initial organizing act was this +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00454-00214023-00214420 Gina that Keish's been talking about. GUYA comes out and does +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00455-00214420-00214840 an organizing workshop for students in the Athens area, and Gina's first thing was, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00456-00214840-00215275 "Everybody who's over 30, and everybody who is a citizen, out of the room." +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00457-00215275-00215654 And so they did the organizing. It was GUYA who was +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00458-00215657-00216085 pushing this and was doing the logistical work because, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00459-00216085-00216317 you know, social movements are the reproductive labor. Right? And so +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00460-00216317-00216828 this was the group doing that labor and having that vision, I think, and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00461-00216828-00216976 they were the ones who were connected to these activist networks and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00462-00216976-00217471 Atlanta and things. And so, put together this, kind of took the befuddled +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00463-00217471-00217926 professors and said, "Now look. You know. This is what you need to do." +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00464-00217926-00218208 >> KEISH: I mean, I think that's real, because I think, I don't know about +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00465-00218208-00218606 you, Gustavo, but I think a lot of us, yeah you were too, jaded, and then +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00466-00218606-00219001 very jaded. And the aspect or perspective like going being in a classroom +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00467-00219001-00219342 or going to college was far from our mind. I think there's a reason Lorgia +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00468-00219342-00219737 had to you call at 4 AM, 5 AM and to ask you to write a paper and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00469-00219737-00220273 application in an hour. Right? So, I think when even when Freedom +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00470-00220273-00220667 University, before even we actually like claimed and embraced that name, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00471-00220667-00221041 we were just like, "What does this classroom actually look like? What is it +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00472-00221041-00221416 actually supposed to do?" And when we were using our networks to like +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00473-00221416-00221869 let the word out so that students actually were attending, and actually +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00474-00221869-00222272 taking up space for this classroom, there was a lot of hesitancy and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00475-00222272-00222746 confusion of what this was supposed to be. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00476-00222746-00222974 >> ETHAN: And, Keish, what did it end up being? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00477-00222974-00223510 I mean, when people were coming to these classes, you know, what was getting taught? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00478-00223510-00224080 Was it about doing a college-level class in Latinx and American Studies, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00479-00224080-00224537 or was it about thinking about what it would mean to be +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00480-00224537-00224966 someone who was going into higher education? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00481-00224966-00225233 >> KEISH: So there was a lot, I think in the beginning there was a lot of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00482-00225233-00225459 confusion. It was very amorphous. There was a lot of questions. Right? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00483-00225459-00225823 People were asking for all kinds of classes. For me, at that time, I was +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00484-00225823-00226313 very dead-set on like having an actual classroom, like a college-level +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00485-00226313-00226617 classroom was, what I personally wanted. And that was my personal +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00486-00226617-00227138 investment. So, at that, that's definitely shown through, that that was +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00487-00227138-00227590 what I needed. So, that's what we had stated. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00488-00227590-00227879 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00489-00227879-00228377 >> Looking back now, I remember in our first meeting Keish was very eloquent, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00490-00228377-00228925 and she said something like, "I have lost my personality as a student, and I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00491-00228925-00229621 want to be a student." So, after that, in the class, she insisted +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00492-00229621-00229843 >> KEISH: Right. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00493-00229843-00230165 >> that she was already, again a student. >> KEISH: Right. >> that was a big gain. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00494-00230165-00230537 >> KEISH: Yeah. I mean, looking back now from where I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00495-00230537-00231083 am now, it's really ironic and funny that there was a syllabus that was +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00496-00231083-00231603 being drafted and compiled over the summer. Like, just multiple drafts. I remember +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00497-00231603-00231820 >> 17 pages. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00498-00231820-00232251 >> Keish: It was a very rigorous. It was actually a very rigorous. I still have it with me. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00499-00232251-00232498 It was very rigorous. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00500-00232498-00232788 >> Beyond graduate school. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00501-00232788-00233113 >> KEISH: It was actually beyond graduate school. And now that I'm in it, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00502-00233113-00233565 I know that it was beyond graduate school level. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00503-00233565-00233790 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00504-00233790-00233949 >> KEISH: The funny thing was, and then it was a very, I think +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00505-00233952-00234117 a lot, even the naming of the classroom, even naming of Freedom University, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00506-00234117-00234318 there was a lot of power and intention behind it. So, the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00507-00234318-00234852 classroom, the class that was offered was titled as American Civilization, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00508-00234852-00235100 and this was a little wink at Harvard American Civilization Program at +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00509-00235100-00235360 that time. We had then, since then, changed our name to American Studies. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00510-00235360-00235782 We still have a lot of work to do. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00511-00235782-00236059 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00512-00236059-00236432 >> KEISH: But the classroom, the syllabus and the syllabus in the class was titled +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00513-00236435-00236797 American Civilization, but what happened actually behind and inside the syllabus +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00514-00236797-00237220 was amazing, powerful critiques on empire, about statehood, sovereignty, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00515-00237220-00237575 about, and I was using all kinds of scholarship and sources that as ethnic +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00516-00237575-00237977 studies. It was American studies at its core. We were reading. We were +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00517-00237977-00238468 really ready graduate-level readings. We were reading George Lipsitz. We +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00518-00238468-00238753 were reading Jorge Gonzalez. We were reading +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00519-00238753-00238984 >> ETHAN: May Nai +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00520-00238984-00239508 >> KEISH: May Nai. Right? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00521-00239508-00239750 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00522-00239750-00239939 >> ETHAN: I see Bethany laughing hard about this, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00523-00239942-00240148 and Bethany of course is an activist historian, has +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00524-00240148-00240525 thought a lot about labor history and about different social movement, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00525-00240525-00241179 sort of within the Americas. How did you find yourself thinking about this +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00526-00241179-00241362 sort of going into the classroom? Were you approaching this as a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00527-00241362-00241766 scholar? Were you approaching this as an activist? How were you bringing yourself into this? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00528-00241766-00242147 >> PAM: Well, I mean I think what Betina said at the beginning. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00529-00242149-00242481 I remember the day that we opened the New York Times +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00530-00242481-00243028 and there was the picture of GUYA activists who had sat down on the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00531-00243028-00243531 street in front of the Georgia Capitol to protest these this spate of laws. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00532-00243531-00243939 Right? And you see these young people in their graduation gowns, right, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00533-00243939-00244353 from high school, sitting down and being dragged off by the same beefy +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00534-00244353-00244801 cops that we're all familiar with from 100 years of Southern iconography, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00535-00244801-00245620 and the reaction is, "This is my institution that is now being directly +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00536-00245620-00246170 conscripted into this particular from of injustice. There has to be +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00537-00246170-00246875 something strategic that you can do with your own imbrication in the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00538-00246875-00247330 committing of this injustice." And so, reaching out to the people who +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00539-00247330-00247771 were risking, and continue every day, every minute that they're up here, to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00540-00247771-00248180 risk far more than any of us could risk, right, but doing this, and just +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00541-00248180-00248627 saying, "Is there any way in which our institutional location could be +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00542-00248627-00249100 useful, because none of us wants to participate in executing this +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00543-00249100-00249603 particular ban. Right?" And to put this in context, it was the 50th +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00544-00249603-00250025 anniversary of the desegregation of the University of Georgia. And so, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00545-00250025-00250537 having fought that tooth and nail, right, the white state establishment at +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00546-00250537-00250868 the time was not patting itself on the back very publicly for the open +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00547-00250868-00251816 access to the plantation-style campus that was at the heart of this, and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00548-00251816-00252513 so, using those realities, strategically, we wanted to know if the activists +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00549-00252513-00253042 who were, in fact, risking something, could see a use for that. Right? But +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00550-00253042-00253608 when Keish came back with, actually the thing that would be useful for us +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00551-00253608-00254026 would be if y'all would do this as a civil disobedience demonstration +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00552-00254026-00254571 project and actually do it like you would do it, you know. The fact was that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00553-00254571-00255192 this fight against undocumented students and racialized students was +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00554-00255192-00255936 part of the whole move to ban an entire branch of knowledge from public +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00555-00255936-00256352 universities. Right? That while Arizona was passing these laws, that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00556-00256352-00256746 Georgia was running along and copying, it was also trying to throw ethnic +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00557-00256746-00257169 studies out of its institutions of higher learning. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00558-00257169-00257709 >> ETHAN: Right. So it wasn't accidental that Latinx studies was really a focus of this. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00559-00257709-00257990 This was, in part, what you were trying to fight for. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00560-00257990-00258211 >> PAM: Exactly. That American Studies and Latinx studies, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00561-00258211-00258505 ethnic studies generally, African American studies, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00562-00258505-00258774 these are all branches of human knowledge that had to, literally, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00563-00258774-00259248 fight in the streets for inclusion in publicly-funded education. And so, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00564-00259248-00259854 there's an awareness at the, in the room where these things happen that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00565-00259854-00260320 that knowledge is dangerous. That knowledge, liberatory knowledge is +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00566-00260320-00260883 dangerous, and I think it's fair to say that no one in the class had +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00567-00260883-00261503 encountered the histories we were collectively constructing, presented in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00568-00261503-00261913 any fashion. Right? That that is part of the move. And so for us, it was +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00569-00261913-00262366 really powerful to get to participate in that knowledge creation with +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00570-00262366-00263226 people who were actively liberating our country at the same time. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00571-00263226-00263563 >> I want to say that one of the effects of having such a powerful ethnic +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00572-00263563-00264099 studies professor like Lorgia García-Peña was that not only did we have +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00573-00264099-00264602 the four of us teaching, we had people fly in. Marco Vermaier Velasquez, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00574-00264602-00265154 Yolanda Martina Sambiel, Achio Vejas, I could go on and on, Laura Gutierrez, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00575-00265154-00265750 flew in on their own dimes, oftentimes, to give classes at Freedom U, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00576-00265750-00266173 so arguably, we had the best ethnicity studies curriculum at the time. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00577-00266173-00266417 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00578-00266417-00266781 Frankly, you know, and without, you know, no budget, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00579-00266781-00267259 essentially, when you're using sometimes the University of Georgia, but +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00580-00267259-00267557 these were, this was an intellectually just over the top stimulating kind of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00581-00267557-00268030 experience to have this level. Junot Díaz, the famous Junot Díaz, MIT +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00582-00268030-00268700 professor, Skyped in, and Keish got up and sort of just went after him. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00583-00268700-00268898 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00584-00268898-00269131 >> [Spanish.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00585-00269131-00269491 >> PAM: But you know, people were empowered and dialoguing +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00586-00269493-00269869 and this was really a magnet for like, you said, a kind of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00587-00269869-00269995 demonstration project in liberatory knowledge +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00588-00269997-00270129 that lots of people wanted to participate in. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00589-00270129-00270520 >> ETHAN: But I'm sure that, please, go ahead. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00590-00270520-00270826 >> KEISH: Yeah, but I was a student. So, like, on the end of classroom, we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00591-00270826-00271076 are just soaking it in. We don't, we're coming in because we have said and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00592-00271076-00271608 dedicated our time into the space. We don't know at what scale we're +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00593-00271608-00271943 meeting these professors. Like, we don't know what their positions are, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00594-00271943-00272297 where they are in their like legal, I mean scholarly genealogy. We do not +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00595-00272297-00272692 know these things. What we were promised, and this was a constant +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00596-00272692-00273057 push that we still have to do, is actually get it accredited. So, when it was +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00597-00273057-00273392 the idea was brewing, the importance was getting the classroom +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00598-00273392-00273846 accredited, so that if we were to, you know transfer or go to a two-year +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00599-00273846-00274224 college, a community college or even a four-year college, that the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00600-00274224-00274550 experience in the classroom that we were actually sitting on was being +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00601-00274550-00275087 recognized as an actual class, which we didn't still. Right? We still +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00602-00275087-00275516 haven't. And that sort of morphed, and that push was happening while +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00603-00275516-00276031 the applications, like deadlines, were coming up, and we started then +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00604-00276031-00276414 really pitching ideas of, "OK. What does it mean for us to try to apply? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00605-00276414-00276902 Because now that we have access to professors of a university, could +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00606-00276902-00277309 they write us recommendation letters? Could they do +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00607-00277312-00277780 this?" So these ideas were just forming as time went by. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00608-00277780-00277995 >> ETHAN: So, there's an open question about could Freedom University +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00609-00277995-00278235 turn into something that could have accreditation, could help people get +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00610-00278235-00278560 credits that they might be able to transfer and bring somewhere else. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00611-00278560-00279022 You've built this program, which even just in the first seminar, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00612-00279022-00279712 is this sort of extraordinary Latinx Studies, and you're doing this +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00613-00279712-00280003 on Sunday mornings, completely with volunteer labor, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00614-00280003-00280557 at an undisclosed location, so that the Klan, the fucking Klan, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00615-00280557-00280996 doesn't show up to disrupt your activities. So, I assume the University of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00616-00280996-00281505 Georgia was thrilled with this and was honoring the extra service. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00617-00281505-00281724 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00618-00281724-00281951 >> ETHAN: I assume they got rid of some of your teaching +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00619-00281951-00282303 requirements for this, Bethany or Pam? I've noted that three of the four of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00620-00282303-00282640 you are no longer teaching at the University of Georgia. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00621-00282640-00282931 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00622-00282931-00283183 >> ETHAN: Betina, how did UGA react to this? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00623-00283183-00283742 >> BETINA: At the beginning, especially with tests, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00624-00283745-00284313 was trying to put us against each other, and they +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00625-00284313-00285156 would go to UGA speaker and ask them, "What do you have to say about +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00626-00285156-00285789 this?" And the answer that the speaker gave, the first answer was, "Our +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00627-00285789-00286616 faculty can teach whatever they want outside their schedule and some +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00628-00286616-00287085 professors teach Bible school, and we don't care about that. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00629-00287085-00287342 >> PAM: Which is true. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00630-00287342-00287755 >> BETINA: Which is true. So, they pretty much put it in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00631-00287755-00288504 those terms and gave us, in a way freedom, so we didn't need to respond to that. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00632-00288504-00289129 >> ETHAN: But that's not exactly wholeheartedly embracing. >> +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00633-00289129-00289659 Let's be clear. There was plenty of retaliation. But up next to what other +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00634-00289659-00290277 people had on the line, in the situation, it was not worth worrying about, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00635-00290277-00290699 honestly. And I will say it's important to remember that the faculty at +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00636-00290699-00291040 University of Georgia, the student body at University of Georgia, same at +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00637-00291040-00291509 Georgia State, same at multiple other universities around the state, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00638-00291509-00292100 Armstrong State, voted to resolutions against the ban in support of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00639-00292100-00292538 Freedom U or other actions that deal with the larger immigrant +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00640-00292538-00293187 >> BETINA: All university councils, all university forums have at least one +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00641-00293187-00293620 resolution against the ban, where faculty were involved and students were involved. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00642-00293620-00293924 >> ETHAN: and public. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00643-00293924-00294703 >> PAM: An interesting thing was that the administration wouldn't go to the Board of Regents meetings and say these things, so there were the GUYA activists confronting the Board of Regents without, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00644-00294703-00295233 with these sort of cowardly administrators not saying anything, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00645-00295233-00295619 just sitting in the audience while younger people took on this fight. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00646-00295619-00296196 >> BETINA: And when we have the discussion in UGA with the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00647-00296196-00297039 university council, we proposed a resolution against the ban. We have a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00648-00297039-00297482 very strong reaction against the language that we were using. In the first +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00649-00297482-00297990 proposal, we were using the word discrimination. And our colleagues +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00650-00297990-00298493 who were supporting Freedom University, who were against the ban, they +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00651-00298493-00299125 reacted very badly to the word discrimination. They couldn't tolerate that, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00652-00299125-00299690 and luckily, we were able to change that language, and the resolution +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00653-00299690-00300350 passed. But I think that speaks a lot about the position of faculty, even +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00654-00300350-00300892 when they are supporters, how they do not want to make connections +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00655-00300892-00301506 with the past history of the state and that creates a lot of trouble for them. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00656-00301506-00301998 >> PAM: Although a specialist, specifically, in the history of living +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00657-00301998-00302293 through segregation in Georgia, was one of our most effective +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00658-00302293-00302725 collaborators, who came and spoke and made those connections herself, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00659-00302725-00303338 Barbara McCaskill, who runs a stand-alone project at UGA about the history of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00660-00303340-00303975 anti-black discrimination at UGA had no trouble at all making those connections. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00661-00303975-00304489 >> ETHAN: So, I want to open this up to the audience in a moment, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00662-00304489-00305058 but I just want to ask one specific question to everyone, starting with Keish. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00663-00305058-00305403 I know that everyone who's been involved with +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00664-00305403-00305923 Freedom University is both very proud of it, but also very insistent that it +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00665-00305923-00306498 is not the only intervention, maybe not always the right intervention, that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00666-00306498-00307051 there's a need for a huge number of interventions to deal with these +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00667-00307051-00307625 questions of access to education. So, Keish, you're very involved with +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00668-00307625-00308107 PUSH at Harvard. Can you tell us a little about that? And then, I'd love to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00669-00308107-00308420 just go sort of down the line and hear what each of you is involved with +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00670-00308420-00308827 right now, and maybe if there's anything you want to urge us as an +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00671-00308827-00309346 audience, both here and online to get involved with, and Pamela, when we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00672-00309346-00309742 get to you, we'll pull up the website associated with you. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00673-00309742-00310076 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00674-00310076-00310450 >> KEISH: I think Freedom University as well as GUYA are still both ongoing. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00675-00310450-00311347 Things have gotten worse, right, in many ways? Both of us went into +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00676-00311347-00311812 different trajectories of different institutions, at academic institutions, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00677-00311812-00312343 pursuing different interests, but I mean both of us haven't fixed our +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00678-00312343-00313202 statuses yet. And, you know, while our scale and our network of people +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00679-00313202-00313541 that we're interacting with and engage with are expanding, the core +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00680-00313541-00314031 issues and values are still the same. So, for me, currently being an +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00681-00314031-00314530 American Studies -- student at Harvard, after the recent elections, it was +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00682-00314530-00314958 actually again working closely with Lorgia García-Peña who's currently a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00683-00314958-00315554 faculty there. It was her classroom where we met after. It was actually +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00684-00315554-00316055 one her, again, one of her amazing, powerful, undergraduate classrooms +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00685-00316055-00316455 that was being held Monday, Wednesday. So, on Monday, before the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00686-00316455-00316855 election result, there was a very powerful performance, on-campus +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00687-00316855-00317421 performance of students sort of doing these murals and decorating the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00688-00317421-00317835 John Harvard statue of just doing these really amazing and powerful +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00689-00317835-00318318 resistance acts. And then, we got the election result on Tuesday, went to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00690-00318318-00318698 class, and I had went in to be with the students, and it was a very +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00691-00318698-00319368 sorrowful moment. One, we had to console each other and sort of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00692-00319368-00319832 recognize each other's pain. And, secondly, that's when we started +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00693-00319832-00320559 writing, drafting a letter to our president and to our deans of what we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00694-00320559-00320920 needed, and that sort of became what Protect Undocumented Students +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00695-00320920-00321328 at Harvard sort of became, and we have multiple fronts of ask, which still +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00696-00321328-00321867 have not been met, unfortunately, and that had to do with having an +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00697-00321867-00322463 actual, a physical location, an office that is above ground. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00698-00322463-00322683 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00699-00322683-00323352 >> KEISH: That had actually invested money into students, protecting +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00700-00323352-00323747 undocumented students. This meant in multiple fronts. Now only +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00701-00323747-00324085 allocating funding to support of emergency financial aid, not only covers +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00702-00324085-00324460 DACA, but maybe other funds. Maybe our parents are being deported or +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00703-00324460-00324887 being detained and then deportation proceedings. Maybe we need to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00704-00324887-00325340 help our parents sustain themselves because our mom and dads are +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00705-00325340-00325749 detained. Right? There's multiple fronts where financial need is actually +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00706-00325749-00326068 needed that people do not always recognize. There's always the $495 for +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00707-00326068-00326518 DACA manuals, but there is so much more that goes beyond that. What if +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00708-00326518-00326855 we had mixed that with a lot of the students were mixed status, or the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00709-00326855-00327201 students themselves may have papers, but their parents, their brothers +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00710-00327201-00327577 and sisters who may not have papers? Right? So, our needs were not only +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00711-00327577-00328019 the funding. It was not only the legal need of having a very radical and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00712-00328019-00328570 powerful and insistent and stubborn attorney, a criminal and both +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00713-00328570-00328980 immigration attorney who's capable of pushing certain envelopes, right, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00714-00328980-00329330 and making certain things happen. We needed an attorney. We needed +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00715-00329330-00329703 multiple attorneys. We needed a collection of attorneys who's able to do +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00716-00329703-00330114 certain things. We wanted access to mental health. We wanted a capable +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00717-00330114-00330406 mental health counselor and therapist who's able to meet the needs of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00718-00330406-00330870 not only LGBTQ, low-income, first-gen students, but knowing various +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00719-00330870-00331247 backgrounds of like what it means to be undocumented. So, these were +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00720-00331247-00331609 some of the fronts that we needed. We'll actually ask for more hiring of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00721-00331609-00332215 ethnic studies professors and scholars. Multiple fronts were asked. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00722-00332215-00333050 >> ETHAN: So, it's a huge set of needs, and just thinking about how +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00723-00333050-00333543 enormous these needs can be and how enormous these populations are, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00724-00333543-00333958 I was reminded when we were sitting down over lunch, that not only do +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00725-00333958-00334371 we have the 800,000 people who've applied for DACA status or been +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00726-00334371-00334814 granted DACA status, we have 1.3 million people who are eligible. Since +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00727-00334814-00335093 DACA is not currently on the books, we have people who would be +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00728-00335093-00335447 eligible for DACA, but who are now, sort of falling through the cracks. And +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00729-00335447-00336006 then, as you are mentioning, you have an even larger set of students who +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00730-00336006-00336401 have mixed families, so that students have papers, one or both parents +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00731-00336401-00336858 doesn't have papers, and you find students in the a situation where, and I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00732-00336858-00337336 find this as an educator, I have a student who will drop off the map, and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00733-00337336-00337773 what may actually be going on is that its student is working full-time to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00734-00337773-00338278 keep her parents from being deported or to figure out what to do with the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00735-00338278-00338673 rest of the family if parents do end up getting deported. This whole set of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00736-00338673-00339204 needs becomes something that, as educators, we have a responsibility to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00737-00339204-00339721 address up 'til the point that our government finds a way to address this +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00738-00339721-00340191 better than they're currently addressing this now. Gustavo, what about +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00739-00340191-00340624 you? How are you involved with this at this point? Do you continue to be +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00740-00340624-00340961 involved with Freedom U? Are you involved with other parts of the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00741-00340961-00341452 movement in New York at this point? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00742-00341452-00341835 >> GUSTAVO: So, I'm not really involved with Freedom U anymore. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00743-00341835-00342263 In terms of organizing efforts, I've taken a step back. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00744-00342263-00342924 But, one of the motivations for when I first got involved +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00745-00342924-00343233 was if I'm going to go out, I'm going to go out with a bang. Right? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00746-00343233-00343596 Like, I'm going to make some damage. I'm going to have an impact +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00747-00343596-00344038 before they take me out. And I think that has translated into my work as a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00748-00344038-00344732 paralegal where I'm not necessarily working with people who are +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00749-00344732-00345589 highly-skilled workers. There is demand. Right? And they want to bring them over. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00750-00345589-00346120 I'm working with people who are escaping, all kinds of violence, are +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00751-00346120-00346694 escaping poverty, are running away from these puppet governments that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00752-00346694-00347261 the US installed and the sacking of the resources of their countries, and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00753-00347261-00348063 they're coming here for a better life. Right? They just want to work as we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00754-00348063-00348466 all do and lead a good life, and I think that that's sort of where it's +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00755-00348466-00349162 translated for me now. Right? There are so many immigration cases out there. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00756-00349162-00349769 There's clean-cut ones where there's no criminal record. There's +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00757-00349769-00350359 ones that are very, very complicated, and those are the ones that I like to work on. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00758-00350359-00350934 I like to work on the ones that anyone who could look at the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00759-00350934-00351494 surface details of it and say, "No. Well, this is not someone we want in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00760-00351494-00352002 this country," but it's not so black and white. Right? So, that's where I am now. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00761-00352002-00352353 I eventually want to be an immigration attorney, and I want to keep +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00762-00352353-00352989 working on this project of, you know, like people have rights, and people +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00763-00352989-00353421 are eligible for immigration benefits under the INA. It may not be pretty. It +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00764-00353421-00353748 may not be easy. There's going to be a lot of digging, a lot of fighting, a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00765-00353748-00354439 lot of advocating for people, but as someone who as of this point, doesn't +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00766-00354439-00355408 really have a, or doesn't have a path to legalization, my mentality is still, "I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00767-00355408-00356259 want to go out with a bang." And what that means is that making sure +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00768-00356259-00356633 that as many people who can adjust, who can try to obtain legalization do +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00769-00356636-00357013 that and that's where my energies are now. And I think that eventually, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00770-00357013-00357466 down the line, what I would like to do, and one of the biggest goals for +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00771-00357466-00357997 me is to be able to influence or write legislation that would go into the INA. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00772-00357997-00358473 Right? That would be more humane and not just necessarily look at +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00773-00358473-00358892 people as what kind of economic contributions can you make to this country, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00774-00358892-00359559 but what does this country owe you? What does this country owe your family? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00775-00359559-00360008 How can we repay that? And that's sort of the impact that I want to have down the line. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00776-00360008-00360451 >> ETHAN: There's a law school about two stops away on the red line. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00777-00360451-00360871 I've got some friends over there. They often watch these events. So, they +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00778-00360871-00361100 may want to get in touch with you. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00779-00361100-00361318 >> GUSTAVO: Let's talk after. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00780-00361318-00361713 >> ETHAN: They do some pretty good work there. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00781-00361713-00362056 Pamela, what about you? You're now up at Dartmouth College, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00782-00362056-00362462 a noted hotbed of liberal activism. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00783-00362462-00362703 What's your involvement with the movement at this point? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00784-00362703-00362949 >> PAM: With Freedom U? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00785-00362949-00363238 >> ETHAN: Yeah. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00786-00363238-00363483 >> PAM: I've, like Gustavo, who's being too modest, I've helped a little bit +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00787-00363483-00363981 with tours of students coming through and doing educational work at places like +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00788-00363981-00364212 Smith and Hampshire. Gustavo actually organized a tour of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00789-00364212-00364592 Freedom U students a couple years back in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00790-00364592-00365035 the Pioneer Valley, and they were able to tell people what was going on. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00791-00365035-00365494 Freedom U is ongoing. It's being run now by a woman named +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00792-00365494-00365858 Laura Emiko Soltis, who's an absolutely fabulous job, and Freedom U students +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00793-00365858-00366221 are sort of leading not only the undocumented student movement in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00794-00366221-00366449 Atlanta, but are major leads in a larger kind of network of students +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00795-00366449-00366860 who've done is pretty powerful civil disobedience actions, not only at the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00796-00366860-00367219 University of Georgia, but at the Board of Regents. And so, what we do at +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00797-00367219-00367780 Dartmouth, which is sort of a place that probably is not quite where MIT +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00798-00367780-00368262 is yet in terms of undocumented admissions, is educational work and a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00799-00368262-00368692 lot of working with students whose parents are in deportation hearings +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00800-00368692-00369091 and getting professors to write letters that go to courtrooms in Georgia +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00801-00369091-00369495 or Nebraska or Texas or wherever it is that talk about that student so +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00802-00369495-00370031 that might give a judge pause kind of thing. But Freedom U is very much +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00803-00370031-00370701 an ongoing, you know, kind of ongoing concern and continues to offer +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00804-00370701-00371016 classes on Sundays and SAT prep, and I really want to encourage people +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00805-00371016-00371282 to go to the website. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00806-00371282-00371499 >> ETHAN: And it's an organization that really could use your support, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00807-00371499-00371803 and if we can just pull up the website here, great. And what's the URL for that? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00808-00371803-00372340 >> PAM: I think it's www.freedomuniversitygeorgia.com or .org maybe. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00809-00372340-00372890 There it is. There's MIT Professor Junot Díaz on the Colbert +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00810-00372893-00373387 Report giving his FU Georgia T-shirt, a sweatshirt. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00811-00373387-00373908 >> ETHAN: I was going to ask whether the name was intentional, but I know Bethany well enough +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00812-00373908-00374092 to know that the name absolutely was intentional. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00813-00374092-00374475 >> BETHANY: Yes, but all the students assumed that we had no idea, apparently. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00814-00374475-00374711 Like, oh, those stupid adults. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00815-00374711-00374898 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00816-00374898-00375060 >> ETHAN: But I've known you for a really, really, long time, and I know that FU Georgia +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00817-00375060-00375263 was something that was probably intentional. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00818-00375263-00375444 >> We tried to argue that we wanted to be a freedom +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00819-00375447-00375622 school to come full-circle to the freedom schools +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00820-00375625-00375809 of the 60s, but everyone's like, "But if we're FU, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00821-00375811-00375993 we get to shout 'FU Georgia' at the demonstrations." +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00822-00375993-00376156 >> Which was cathartic. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00823-00376156-00376754 >> BETHANY: So anyways, I would really encourage people to, you know, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00824-00376754-00376948 touch base them, to donate if you can. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00825-00376948-00377236 As you know, most sort of donations to 501(c)3 organizations go to the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00826-00377236-00377614 left coast and not to the South. Some of the most incredible political +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00827-00377614-00378144 activism is going on in the US South with absolutely no resources. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00828-00378144-00378648 Taking students in a van to Berea College to interview there with +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00829-00378648-00379080 admissions officers is a $3,000 venture. $3,000 seems like nothing at a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00830-00379080-00379763 place like MIT or Dartmouth, but it can go so far. Books, you know, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00831-00379763-00380056 materials, artist materials for demonstrations, all of that, transportation, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00832-00380056-00380614 getting people on a plane to get to Hampshire to do a workshop, so I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00833-00380614-00380975 really want to encourage people if you can give to give. Share it on social +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00834-00380975-00381549 media, if you get connected with them. Volunteer if you're in the Atlanta area. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00835-00381549-00382198 It really is, like we were saying, it's a social movement as much as it +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00836-00382198-00382561 is a single class on Sundays now. And it's a social movement that grew +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00837-00382561-00382867 with incredible solidarity with people from all over the country, people +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00838-00382867-00383691 flying in, people buying books, students organizing in Atlanta with GUYA. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00839-00383691-00384118 >> ETHAN: I actually want to open up at this point before we lose some +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00840-00384118-00384522 of the wonderful guests that we have here, and we're going to keep +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00841-00384522-00384699 going on with this conversation both in a sort of open Q&A here. We're +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00842-00384699-00385004 also going to move into my space in Civic to keep talking a little bit +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00843-00385004-00385372 further on. But, let me just open this up a little bit. Anyone have anything +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00844-00385372-00385623 you want to ask these remarkable folks - the students, the professors, so +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00845-00385623-00385962 on and so forth?Don't leave me hanging her with the question cube. You +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00846-00385962-00386242 know how much I desperately want to throw this at people within the audience. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00847-00386242-00386553 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00848-00386553-00386779 >> I thought it was some mic. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00849-00386779-00387104 >> ETHAN: Thank you, Joy. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00850-00387104-00387765 >> Thanks. Hi. I'm Joy. I'm part of the Center for Civic Media. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00851-00387765-00388212 Earlier you mentioned that when you used the word discrimination, you +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00852-00388212-00388530 got push back from faculty, and in my own experiences of talking about +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00853-00388530-00388858 issues within institutions, language comes up so much in terms of what +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00854-00388858-00389297 people are willing to engage with. So I was 1, curious about how you +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00855-00389297-00389637 thought about the language based on the push back and what language +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00856-00389637-00390105 you would have wanted to use. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00857-00390105-00390404 >> ETHAN: And I'm going to cheat just for a moment and brag on Joy for a second. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00858-00390404-00390773 Joy is a PhD student in my lab and has been doing really +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00859-00390773-00391508 remarkable research demonstrating some in-built biases +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00860-00391508-00391940 in computer vision systems, and this work that gets very +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00861-00391940-00392360 tricky because it makes people uncomfortable. No one likes to be called +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00862-00392360-00392869 out on biases built into systems, but it's incredibly important to show +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00863-00392869-00393212 what these biases are so that people have a chance to address them +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00864-00393212-00393516 and make those systems better. So, language and how we talk about +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00865-00393516-00394046 this is something that's a big subject within our lab. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00866-00394046-00394448 >> We were certainly aware that we had a limited number of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00867-00394448-00394759 effective scripts available to us for the public leveraging of this, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00868-00394759-00395680 and that one of them was, frankly, do-gooder, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00869-00395680-00396034 befuddled white teacher just wants to help the kids get books. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00870-00396034-00396832 That had an audience, and we talked a lot about the trade-offs involved +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00871-00396832-00397316 in playing to some of these scripts. The stand-and-deliver script that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00872-00397316-00397702 says that there's a category of innocent, deserving, no fault of their own +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00873-00397702-00398252 immigrants who came here as children who are still effectively children +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00874-00398252-00399011 and, therefore, it's not their fault, and it contra-ed the sort of insistent +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00875-00399011-00399499 responsiblization, the illiberal narrative that whatever befalls you, you +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00876-00399499-00400073 have asked for it. "Here's one category of people," this narrative says, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00877-00400073-00400395 "that we can point to and say OK, we'll give them special consideration. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00878-00400395-00400906 Right? And they're real dangers." I think it's true, in general, that a lot of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00879-00400906-00401397 the Dreamer Movement has been incredibly, ethically rigorous about +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00880-00401397-00401834 refusing that narrative and not throwing other undocumented +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00881-00401834-00402630 immigrants under the bus in pursuit of that particular. I think the problem +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00882-00402630-00403224 that it sounds like you're the expert on is how the technology of raceless +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00883-00403224-00404070 discrimination is specifically designed to make it impossible to call out +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00884-00404070-00404592 the elephant in the room. For me, it was very important that we spent +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00885-00404592-00404976 time with immigration history and looked at the ways that immigration +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00886-00404976-00405204 has been specifically structured around race. Everyone's been +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00887-00405204-00405519 completely aware of it at the time. The discussions in Congress are all +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00888-00405519-00406023 about how can we keep the country white, and yet not use the word race +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00889-00406023-00406491 in this legislation. And when they figure it out, they all pat each other on +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00890-00406491-00406873 the back, over and over again. 1924. 1952. 1965. They're thrilled that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00891-00406873-00407397 they figured out a way to make sure that quote the unwashed Hottentots +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00892-00407397-00408080 will not be coming here to take jobs from good, wholesome Americans. I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00893-00408080-00408548 think verbatim, right, out of the 65 debates. So, the challenge is +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00894-00408548-00409595 enormous to undo and refuse not leave any space for that kind of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00895-00409595-00410225 deliberate erasure of what every knows is actually being talked about +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00896-00410225-00410547 here, and I don't think any of us has an answer on that. We would +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00897-00410547-00410939 probably be coming to you for guidance. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00898-00410939-00411298 >> ETHAN: It's really interesting to think about the ways in which +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00899-00411298-00411741 Freedom University managed to position itself, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00900-00411741-00412161 I think, very successfully as oh my God. Who could be +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00901-00412161-00412505 against, you know, college professors getting together on a Sunday. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00902-00412505-00412755 >> The kids just want to learn. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00903-00412755-00413298 >> ETHAN: And giving a chance for. You got me. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00904-00413298-00413532 Right? I mean, we ended up supporting this through the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00905-00413532-00413678 disobedience prize very much around that narrative. What's been so +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00906-00413678-00414059 great in sort of having you here and hearing about this is the ways in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00907-00414059-00414454 which this was a student-led movement that essentially identified +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00908-00414454-00415053 something that students needed and wanted and then were sort of able +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00909-00415053-00415534 to go out and reach out to some professors who were willing to do it, but +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00910-00415534-00415968 it was the students identifying that this was a missing part of the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00911-00415968-00416299 experience, a part of what people were being denied at that point in time. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00912-00416299-00416713 >> BETINA: I would like to point out to another struggle that I think youth +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00913-00416713-00417328 movements also have and, we as organizers, organizers of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00914-00417328-00417724 Freedom University, and now I'm in a different organization Ulead Athens. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00915-00417724-00418353 We still have, and it's this idea of the good immigrant and the bad immigrant and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00916-00418353-00418971 how these kids who want to come to MIT are the good immigrants, but +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00917-00418971-00419536 their parents or their younger siblings who did not pass the AP test is the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00918-00419536-00420548 bad immigrant. So, I think from the perspective of the organizer or +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00919-00420548-00420986 coordinator of an organization that worked with undocumented +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00920-00420986-00421557 students, that is a big struggle, and I think Ulead Athens is working on +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00921-00421557-00422548 going around that, just by working with mixed status students and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00922-00422548-00423166 working with the students who were the last ones in the classroom and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00923-00423166-00423503 never had an advisor who said, "Yes. You're doing well." +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00924-00423506-00423875 We're going after particularly that student. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00925-00423875-00424435 >> Because people shouldn't have to be as +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00926-00424435-00424879 extraordinary as these two people already were at 16 and 17 and 18 in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00927-00424879-00425383 order simply to not wake up every day with this hang-up. God knows we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00928-00425383-00426039 weren't. Right? This is not about finding just the hyper-qualified, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00929-00426039-00426400 incredible stand-out human being and the people who built this +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00930-00426400-00427052 movement are very clear that it's not about that. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00931-00427052-00427378 >> You do not need to be super-stellar to go to college. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00932-00427378-00427833 >> Just to clarify, and you can add on, we weren't, I wasn't either. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00933-00427833-00428253 The process of at least for me, I know my +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00934-00428253-00428756 process even more, my access to my undergraduate degree which was a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00935-00428756-00429068 Syracuse University, another private institution, was actually a very +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00936-00429068-00429574 strong and powerful network of transnational feminists, trans-- poly-- +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00937-00429574-00429901 there within the party who are pushing their administrators to open up a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00938-00429901-00430318 private fund, a grant, a private grant. So, these are happening in multiple +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00939-00430318-00430812 levels. Right? We're not only pushing for policies against, like in the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00940-00430812-00431223 public space. It's also happening back doors too. So like, it really, really +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00941-00431223-00431801 means a lot for like administrators, faculties to gather up a coalition to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00942-00431801-00432236 come up with funding to support students if your institution doesn't +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00943-00432236-00432642 publicly allow undocumented students to come through, so just +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00944-00432642-00433028 recognizing that is really, really important, and advocating for students +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00945-00433028-00433440 who does not have the 4.0 GPA, who does not have the perfect SAT +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00946-00433440-00433878 score. I wasn't that student, but I had people who were advocating and advocating for me. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00947-00433878-00434212 >> ETHAN: So, I'm going to come back to that question about +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00948-00434214-00434557 what universities can do around this, and I'm going to put +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00949-00434557-00434779 some of our friends from the admissions office on the spot, but let me +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00950-00434779-00435163 just give you a chance to ask a question here. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00951-00435163-00435431 >> There's a warning label on the bottom of this that says I should read the user manual +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00952-00435433-00435553 before using it, and I want to be clear that I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00953-00435556-00435699 haven't read the user manua l for the microphone box. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00954-00435699-00435904 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00955-00435904-00436178 >> ETHAN: This is the media lab. None of us have ever read a user manual ever. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00956-00436178-00436346 It's actually forbidden within >> They write the user manuals. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00957-00436346-00436928 >> My name is Grif. I want to thank each of you for being here. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00958-00436928-00437272 It's so clear that you have a lot to teach folks who are looking to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00959-00437275-00437627 support undocumented students, but it's also clear, listening to each +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00960-00437630-00438002 of you that you have so much to teach folks working in higher education +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00961-00438004-00438322 and universities across the board, and listening to you speak +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00962-00438322-00438747 about the ways that learning needs to be found in solidarity with the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00963-00438747-00438946 labor that it's supporting, learning through building relationships with +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00964-00438946-00439346 drivers, the way you talked about co-constructing curriculum, embracing +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00965-00439346-00439896 learning as a political act. You were mentioning earlier that you didn't +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00966-00439896-00440421 know where the professors were on their scholarly journey because they +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00967-00440421-00440980 were treating you like people. I mean, there's so much that you talked a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00968-00440980-00441283 bout that just seems like every university in this country is failing at. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00969-00441283-00441654 And so, I'd just like to hear from the perspective of faculty who have +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00970-00441654-00442174 been affiliated with big universities and also students who probably grew +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00971-00442174-00442517 up with an understanding of what university was. What are some of the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00972-00442517-00442932 lessons that really every university should be trying to take from your experience? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00973-00442932-00443241 >> ETHAN: Well, I'm actually going to merge that into a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00974-00443241-00443674 question that I'm going to throw to my friend Jessica, which is I'm going +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00975-00443674-00444410 to ask her to just talk sort of briefly about what MIT is doing well around +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00976-00444410-00444744 this, and then maybe turn this into an open question about what we feel +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00977-00444744-00445015 like the universities that we know and love, whether we're at them now or +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00978-00445015-00445311 whether a proud Hampshire grad, what these can be doing to sort of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00979-00445311-00445993 transform and work in solidarity with this movement. But Jessica, I'm +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00980-00445993-00446576 going to ask you first if you can. So, that was a high hard one there that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00981-00446576-00447083 was. I more lobbed what I was going to Joy, but it's hard when you're sitting. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00982-00447083-00447411 >> JESSICA: Do I speak into? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00983-00447411-00447785 >> ETHAN: Just speak. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00984-00447785-00448063 >> JESSICA: Hi. I'm Jessica from the MIT admissions office, and first I just want to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00985-00448063-00448393 thank all of you for sharing your experiences and stories. They are +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00986-00448393-00448693 incredibly humbling and inspiring for all of us to hear, so I do want to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00987-00448693-00449161 thank you all. As for what we're doing at MIT, MIT is one of the five +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00988-00449161-00449783 schools in the country that offers need-blind admissions, need-based +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00989-00449783-00450077 financial aid, and full-need financial aid to students regardless of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00990-00450077-00450484 citizenship. Again, that's one of five in this country. There are other +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00991-00450484-00451134 private institutions. Some of the institutions you all named. Private +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00992-00451134-00451499 institutions, some state institutions that will provide financial aid to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00993-00451499-00452181 undocumented students or a DACAmented student, but the rules around +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00994-00452181-00452688 this are pretty inconsistent. It can be really hard to navigate and find this +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00995-00452688-00452988 information. So, as you can imagine, there are a lot of questions that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00996-00452988-00453283 undocumented students have to think about that other students don't +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00997-00453283-00453716 have to think about as they're navigating the college application process. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00998-00453716-00454180 So, the media lab has collaborated with us over the last few months to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-00999-00454180-00454534 think about ways that we can mobilize resources at MIT and around +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01000-00454534-00454985 Boston to serve local undocumented students. Obviously, Boston is a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01001-00454985-00455229 place that's really rich in educational resources. There are so many +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01002-00455229-00455530 educational institutions in the area. So, we've been trying to think about +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01003-00455530-00456188 how can we, how can we serve this population here in Boston and in the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01004-00456188-00456605 greater Boston area. Some of the broad goals that I have for the work +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01005-00456605-00457194 that we're doing together is to mobilize resources at MIT, to build a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01006-00457194-00457636 network in the greater Boston area, and to boost visibility around these +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01007-00457636-00457979 movements and these resources. So, we've been collaborating with local +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01008-00457979-00458516 organizations like the Student Immigrant Movement, which is a activist +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01009-00458516-00459047 organization that serves undocumented students in local high schools. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01010-00459047-00459375 We've been working with Unafraid Educators, which is a part of the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01011-00459375-00459742 Boston Teachers' Union, which mobilized educators to support +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01012-00459742-00460226 undocumented students. A program that we're putting on, or working +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01013-00460226-00460661 with the Boston Teachers' Union to put on, is a guidance counselor +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01014-00460661-00461077 training. They're hosting a day-long training for their guidance +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01015-00461077-00461458 counselors in Boston public schools. We're working with them to host a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01016-00461458-00461787 discussion and panel around serving undocumented students, working +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01017-00461787-00462141 with an immigration to talk about what are the options for students, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01018-00462141-00462847 working with guidance counselors and student activists to talk about +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01019-00462847-00463108 their journeys through the, through education and what are the options +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01020-00463108-00463573 for students, and increasing some visibility around these issues, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01021-00463573-00464011 knowledge around these issues, so that those guidance counselors are +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01022-00464011-00464426 then better-empowered to work with the students in their schools. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01023-00464426-00464737 >> ETHAN: And sort of three big ideas came up when we were talking +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01024-00464737-00465433 earlier today. One was looking at guidance counselors a real point of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01025-00465433-00465882 impact on this. It was really interesting to hear both of you sort of talk +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01026-00465882-00466115 about not getting terrific guidance from you high school guidance +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01027-00466115-00466376 counselors about where to go and sort of how to go with this. A second +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01028-00466376-00466813 point, and I thought this was particularly interesting, is that Chris +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01029-00466813-00467395 Peterson, a friend of many of ours in this room, talks about the fact that +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01030-00467395-00467922 he often ends up seeing applications from people, sometimes +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01031-00467922-00468133 undocumented, sometimes similarly students who just didn't have as +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01032-00468133-00468560 much of a chance in high school as some of us did, who clearly would +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01033-00468560-00468998 be right for MIT had they taken the classes they needed to get into a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01034-00468998-00469433 place like MIT. And so there becomes this really interesting challenge of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01035-00469433-00469704 for those of us here who are grad students, for those who are +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01036-00469704-00470041 undergrads, is there a way that we could be involved in sort of reaching +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01037-00470041-00470536 out to populations who could have the opportunity to be here, have this +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01038-00470536-00471111 amazing opportunity to be here, need-blind, citizenship-blind, if they had +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01039-00471111-00471511 the qualifications. And then the third that I was really blown away by was +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01040-00471511-00472134 this realization that in the same way that your movement was building +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01041-00472134-00472590 everything from Teamsters trying to figure out how to drive people there +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01042-00472590-00473166 to people protecting and people thinking about, but lawyers. We need +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01043-00473166-00473569 lawyers. We need to help support students and their families when +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01044-00473569-00474061 they're going through these issues, even if the students are fully +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01045-00474061-00474472 documented, but their in a mixed family, that becomes, imagine the level +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01046-00474472-00474847 of stress if you find yourself simultaneously trying to manage an MIT +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01047-00474847-00475212 course load and possibly being the only person in your house who's +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01048-00475212-00475699 bilingual, helping your parents try to figure out how to stay in the country. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01049-00475699-00476190 For all of you, and we'll have this as the last question, what should +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01050-00476190-00476458 universities be doing more of? What can we do better at MIT, and what +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01051-00476458-00477006 can we push other universities that we love and care about to do better on on this issue? +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01052-00477006-00478132 >> GUSTAVO: I think probably the thing that I haven't seen, because, you know, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01053-00478132-00478565 I've seen schools add another tap on their website that's +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01054-00478565-00478849 information for undocumented students. Right? And the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01055-00478849-00479226 way that I see it, there's two sides. One side is the undocumented +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01056-00479226-00479713 students looking to go to college. The other one is the universities. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01057-00479713-00480022 Right? And there's a few universities that say, "Yeah. We have some +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01058-00480022-00480391 resources, but," and something you had asked earlier like, who could be +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01059-00480391-00480812 against students learning. Right? You'd be surprised. A lot of people. A +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01060-00480812-00481228 lot of people can be against that and are against that, and that shows, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01061-00481228-00481676 between those two sides, those are the people that are blocking access +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01062-00481676-00482303 to those resources, and so I think more so than just adding another tab, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01063-00482303-00482614 more so than just creating a pamphlet, I think you need to be actively +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01064-00482614-00483176 recruiting undocumented students because the same way that you +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01065-00483176-00483698 actively recruit other students who have a breadth of knowledge based +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01066-00483698-00483991 on their lived experiences, we also have something to contribute, and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01067-00483991-00484545 going back to your question about the biases that are written inherently +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01068-00484545-00485165 into the system, I think that's where these knowledges, these systems of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01069-00485165-00485562 knowledge that we have derived from our lived experiences from our +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01070-00485562-00485976 contacts, not just with government, but with state institutions of all +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01071-00485976-00486513 kinds, I think we can bring those into this place, and we can make good +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01072-00486513-00487108 things with it. But, I think, again, you need to be able to step above and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01073-00487108-00487722 step beyond those people that are trying to block the access by actively +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01074-00487722-00488187 recruiting and being public about it, because not a lot of places are +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01075-00488187-00488533 public about their admissions policies when it comes to undocumented +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01076-00488533-00488895 students and when it comes to financial aid. And so I think that once you +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01077-00488895-00489477 become more visible to the students who are already taking huge risk by +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01078-00489477-00490349 becoming visible themselves I think that's the very first step that you can take. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01079-00490349-00490715 >> KEISH: Completely agree. That's so important. That is so important. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01080-00490715-00491138 I the that's what lacking at Harvard. Honestly though, the is a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01081-00491138-00491536 really interesting audience for me to speak to because oftentimes, the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01082-00491536-00491874 things that we have to highlight is, I mean we are already in, I'm part of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01083-00491874-00492486 Harvard, and we're at MIT. It's already a very prestigious. You guys have a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01084-00492486-00492888 lot of funding and we're oftentimes talking to community college, like +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01085-00492888-00493286 students who can't even go to afford community college. So, recognizing +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01086-00493286-00493799 that. Recognizing that. Right? Recognizing that. I think Gustavo's point is +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01087-00493799-00494181 really, really important for these -- institutions and private institutions +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01088-00494181-00494485 who do have the funding to step it up. So, one thing, one sad thing to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01089-00494485-00495128 recognize is that once Nancy Cantor, the Syracuse chancellor left, and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01090-00495128-00495398 we had an administrator change, they stopped funding undocumented +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01091-00495398-00495718 students. So, they stopped receiving undocumented students through +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01092-00495718-00496026 their private grant. So, that's another avenue that's been closed. And a lot +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01093-00496026-00496459 of the things that I pushed while I was there was to go public, but there +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01094-00496459-00496977 was resistance to that. So, recognizing, and also recognizing the labor of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01095-00496977-00497448 Lorgia, who's not here, and all the faculties who are here, there was a lot +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01096-00497448-00497732 of risks, a lot of labor, a lot of time that they put in on top of their +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01097-00497732-00498305 obligation, as the only Ethnic Studies professor at UGA. The only woman +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01098-00498305-00498671 of color. One of the few who have like how many students that they're +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01099-00498671-00499048 advising that they had opened up their space to dedicate their time to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01100-00499048-00499485 make a space for Freedom University. I think that needs to happen at +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01101-00499485-00499803 MIT. I think that needs to happen at Harvard. I think there needs to be a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01102-00499803-00500227 step up of investment, a coalition building, and a little bit more of +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01103-00500891-00501041 courage to contest and to stop telling us what the rules of how complex +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01104-00501041-00501345 these bureaucratic and academic institutions and red tapes are. We +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01105-00501345-00501665 already know that there are red tapes. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01106-00501665-00501870 [Laughing.] +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01107-00501870-00502181 >> KEISH: We're asking you to step up. Administrators need to step up. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01108-00502181-00502949 Students and grad students need to step up. I think one of the most disheartening +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01109-00502949-00503121 things that I've actually experienced organizing at Harvard has been this +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01110-00503121-00503452 constant separation between undergraduates and graduate students. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01111-00503452-00503730 So, undocumented students. I'm still undocumented. I'm in the graduate +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01112-00503730-00504168 program, but there's been a constant separation between the investment +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01113-00504168-00504505 within the needs of undergraduate students and graduate students, and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01114-00504505-00504841 our needs are different, but they're still the same. Like, what does it +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01115-00504841-00505105 mean to bring in undocumented students as graduate students? What +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01116-00505105-00505358 does it mean for them to be teaching fellows when they don't have +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01117-00505358-00505810 DACA?These questions need to be asked and the only ways you're +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01118-00505810-00506072 going to get answers on the inside is as Gustavo says. Center and invite +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01119-00506072-00506452 undocumented students and actually hear what their needs are and +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01120-00506452-00506828 advocating for them. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01121-00506828-00507095 >> GUSTAVO: Is there still a lot of anxieties that even +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01122-00507098-00507387 someone who might have the perfect GPA and might have the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01123-00507387-00507792 extracurriculars. There's a lot of anxiety because you just don't know. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01124-00507792-00508495 You don't know. And I think that part of being public would also work on +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01125-00508495-00508922 this other front that I think has been very, very lacking, and I don't know if +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01126-00508922-00509402 people have actually thought about it or brought it up, but shaming these +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01127-00509402-00510329 other institutions into coming and living in the present, right, not staying +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01128-00510329-00510538 in the past, not staying in this way of thinking where OK education still +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01129-00510538-00510842 needs to be segregated somehow because that makes us feel like we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01130-00510842-00511391 still have power over the systems that be. Right? And I think that a place +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01131-00511391-00511949 like MIT, with the clout that it has, and if it starts being public, and if it +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01132-00511949-00512585 starts actively recruiting undocumented students, I think that can also +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01133-00512585-00512892 have a domino effect or a shaming effect upon these other big +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01134-00512892-00513296 institutions to step it up themselves because if there's anything that I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01135-00513296-00513937 learned about higher education is that no institution wants to fall behind another institution. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01136-00513937-00514525 >> ETHAN: So, one of the things we talked about a little bit over lunch was the ways in which +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01137-00514525-00514938 MIT will often do things right, but very quietly. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01138-00514938-00515452 And this is a place where we're doing things right. We +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01139-00515452-00515845 are by being need-blind and by being citizenship-blind, that's the right step. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01140-00515845-00516373 We need to go a step further, and we need to be open and affirming about this. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01141-00516373-00516720 I will openly affirm that I welcome and encourage +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01142-00516720-00516994 undocumented students to apply to my group here at the media lab. I +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01143-00516994-00517697 hope that others will do that as well. But beyond that, this is something +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01144-00517697-00517894 that we as MIT should have a lot of pride in. We should actually be +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01145-00517894-00518441 talking up and actively recruiting around on a bunch of different +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01146-00518441-00519073 >> I think all of us who inhabit more secure positions in these institutions +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01147-00519073-00519436 need to help shift the perspective and make clear that there is not a +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01148-00519436-00520135 neutral space. When what you're seeing, people like y'all, are carrying the +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01149-00520135-00520504 brunt of 40 years of deliberate constriction of access to higher +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01150-00520504-00521037 education in this country, and you can either counteract that process, or +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01151-00521037-00521658 you can simply shrug your shoulders and enable it. But there's not +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01152-00521658-00522335 actually, there's no moment where it holds still. This was a deliberate +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01153-00522335-00522879 political move to make it harder for that vast expansion of education. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01154-00522879-00523472 Everyone had a full ride in California in 1960 if they could get into +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01155-00523472-00523855 college. Right? And that's no longer how we do that because it stopped +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01156-00523855-00524365 being simply available to white Americans, and that was a moment +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01157-00524365-00524905 where it started to contract. And any of us who work in these institutions +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01158-00524905-00525305 owe it to the people who are taking the heat to figure out where our +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01159-00525305-00526269 institution is in that history and what steps we can take from within to counteract that. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01160-00526269-00526535 >> ETHAN: I'm going to give the last word to Betina, and then we're going to +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01161-00526535-00526897 welcome anyone who wants to stick around. We're going +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01162-00526897-00527144 to go and have a smaller discussion over in my space in Civic. But Betina, please. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01163-00527144-00527438 >> BETINA: Yeah. I just want to support what Gustavo and Keish +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01164-00527441-00527719 were saying, and I want to add to that that undocumented +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01165-00527719-00528499 students are not a risk for an institution. They are the best. They bring in +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01166-00528499-00529199 a lot of experience, and they turn out staying in college. In Ulead Athens, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01167-00529199-00529790 we had helped around 50 students to get into college. From those 50, as +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01168-00529790-00530255 far as I know, only one left. All of them are in school. They are continuing +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01169-00530255-00530742 struggling. Some are them are taking two classes per semester, three +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01170-00530742-00531450 classes per semester. But, they don't withdraw, and I think that is +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01171-00531450-00532142 something that all colleges need to have into account. They are more +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01172-00532142-00532501 secure than other students that might not finish, might not end up graduating. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01173-00532501-00533282 >> ETHAN: So, I just want to thank my guests for coming out, talking about these issues. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01174-00533282-00533805 I just want to congratulate you all for the incredible work that Freedom University has done. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01175-00533805-00534104 I want to thank everyone who came out of the audience, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01176-00534104-00534477 everyone who's watching us online. We're going to continue this conversation. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01177-00534477-00534737 We're hoping to have a very practical conversation about what we +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01178-00534737-00535064 can do better here in Boston for people who are still engaged with us. +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01179-00535064-00535501 Come on over to the Civic space. We'll be there in a couple of minutes, +Ymlz5H-oj3g-01180-00535501-00536044 but thank you all for coming out and being part of this. +00vx7qruiaE-00000-00000041-00000336 There’s more to the internet than meets the eye. +00vx7qruiaE-00002-00000386-00000713 The days of all-conquering blogs and mini-sites are long gone. +00vx7qruiaE-00004-00000845-00001123 These days, platforms reign supreme online. +00vx7qruiaE-00005-00001123-00001416 We search for info on Google, share things on Facebook, +00vx7qruiaE-00006-00001416-00001754 and stream music to our heart’s content on iTunes and Spotify. +00vx7qruiaE-00007-00001790-00002038 Platforms stand between us and the internet. +00vx7qruiaE-00008-00002038-00002300 And they’re extremely effective at what they do. +00vx7qruiaE-00009-00002300-00002592 How do they work? Always in the same way – +00vx7qruiaE-00010-00002592-00002914 they’re free, they’re mobile, and they grow in stature as more of us use them. +00vx7qruiaE-00011-00002929-00003275 But, of course, there’s a trade-off: “Give us your data and leave the rest to us”. +00vx7qruiaE-00012-00003300-00003571 The figures speak volumes: +00vx7qruiaE-00013-00003571-00003709 Facebook’s 2 billion monthly active users worldwide +00vx7qruiaE-00014-00003712-00003963 share 300 million photos every day. +00vx7qruiaE-00015-00003963-00004296 The company’s market cap stands at an incredible $500 billion. +00vx7qruiaE-00016-00004350-00004598 Google handles 3.5 billion daily searches +00vx7qruiaE-00017-00004598-00004918 and holds 90% of the European search engine market share. +00vx7qruiaE-00018-00004921-00005153 And the firm sold 211 million smartphones in 2016 alone. +00vx7qruiaE-00019-00005198-00005450 But the big four platforms +00vx7qruiaE-00020-00005450-00005576 Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple (so-called GAFA) +00vx7qruiaE-00021-00005576-00005871 aren’t the whole story. +00vx7qruiaE-00022-00005871-00006173 With the rise of sites likes YouTube, Airbnb, Leboncoin, Deliveroo and Uber, +00vx7qruiaE-00023-00006173-00006472 the internet is slowly turning into a vast supermarket. +00vx7qruiaE-00024-00006472-00006764 The upshot of this trend is that: +00vx7qruiaE-00025-00006764-00006991 people have become increasingly reliant on a small number of companies +00vx7qruiaE-00026-00006991-00007287 these firms see their users – at best – as a goldmine of personal data, +00vx7qruiaE-00027-00007287-00007584 and in some cases as unpaid workers. +00vx7qruiaE-00028-00007584-00007872 More worrying still, there’s little we can do, as users, to fight back +00vx7qruiaE-00029-00007872-00007972 against the growing power of these platforms. +00vx7qruiaE-00030-00008013-00008316 They control what we see and, by extension, +00vx7qruiaE-00031-00008316-00008608 what opinions we project. +00vx7qruiaE-00032-00008608-00008937 It’s a similar strategy to loss-leader displays – a proven sales-boosting technique in retail. +00vx7qruiaE-00033-00008937-00009187 But what happens when these platforms’ algorithms can influence the outcome of an election? +00vx7qruiaE-00034-00009254-00009583 The problems don’t end there, either. Platforms know everything about us – our actions and our likes. +00vx7qruiaE-00035-00009583-00009897 But what do we know about them? +00vx7qruiaE-00036-00009897-00010204 In short, nothing. They’re black boxes. +00vx7qruiaE-00037-00010204-00010504 What actually happens to the data we share with them? +00vx7qruiaE-00038-00010504-00010724 In 2015, Facebook had no qualms about striking a deal with a data wholesaler +00vx7qruiaE-00039-00010724-00011033 whose biggest clients include governments, employers and insurance firms. +00vx7qruiaE-00041-00011294-00011581 From our sexual orientation to our political allegiances, friendships or weaknesses - +00vx7qruiaE-00042-00011581-00011885 should we really be sharing our most intimate details ? +00vx7qruiaE-00043-00011885-00012138 And when you know it would take us an average of 30 days a year +00vx7qruiaE-00044-00012138-00012418 to read through these platforms’ terms and conditions in full, +00vx7qruiaE-00045-00012418-00012597 can we really say we are giving “informed consent”? +00vx7qruiaE-00046-00012639-00012936 And there’s the rub: the closer you examine these platforms, +00vx7qruiaE-00047-00012936-00013213 the more opaque they become. +00vx7qruiaE-00048-00013213-00013491 Look at the CEOs of these huge firms, for example. +00vx7qruiaE-00049-00013491-00013747 They claim they want to change the world. +00vx7qruiaE-00050-00013747-00014032 Yet their companies seem averse to paying tax. Something doesn’t add up. +00vx7qruiaE-00051-00014032-00014316 And in spite of their best efforts, these platforms aren’t infallible. +00vx7qruiaE-00052-00014348-00014651 Their algorithms “learn” by observing how we behave. That’s all well and good. +00vx7qruiaE-00053-00014651-00014936 But could these same algorithms actually be perpetuating discrimination +00vx7qruiaE-00054-00014936-00015036 and reinforcing stereotypes? +00vx7qruiaE-00055-00015082-00015392 A study found that female job-seekers are less likely +00vx7qruiaE-00056-00015392-00015742 to be shown ads for high-paid roles on Google than their male counterparts. +00vx7qruiaE-00057-00015771-00016094 Yet despite all that, platforms are hugely popular. +00vx7qruiaE-00058-00016094-00016388 In France, public transport company, banks, insurance firms, +00vx7qruiaE-00059-00016388-00016580 the public employment service agency and some government bodies +00vx7qruiaE-00060-00016596-00016876 want to create their own platforms so they can better cater to our needs. +00vx7qruiaE-00061-00016876-00017177 It’s certainly a noble ambition. +00vx7qruiaE-00062-00017177-00017461 If sharing our data helps raise service standards, then that can only be a good thing. +00vx7qruiaE-00063-00017461-00017737 But with one caveat: we have to be sure these platforms are treating us fairly. +00vx7qruiaE-00064-00017737-00017931 Platforms should be serving our interests +00vx7qruiaE-00065-00017967-00018213 – as users and as citizens. +00vx7qruiaE-00066-00018213-00018369 It’s time for us to speak up. +00vx7qruiaE-00067-00018417-00018700 If you want to help us set the right checks and balances +00vx7qruiaE-00068-00018700-00018997 head over to contribuez.cnnumerique.fr/loyaute +00vx7qruiaE-00069-00018997-00019290 and let us know your views. +00vx7qruiaE-00070-00019290-00019540 You can also take part in our campaign by using the hashtag #fairplatforms +00vx7qruiaE-00071-00019540-00019711 -- French Digital Council -- +02nbfvqGCOu-00000-00001780-00002251 The INHERIT scenarios describe a positive vision on how European societies could +02nbfvqGCOu-00001-00002251-00002811 look like if the 'Triple Win' had been accomplished so the scenarios are tools +02nbfvqGCOu-00002-00002811-00003301 to support the strategic planning and decision-making processes. The +02nbfvqGCOu-00003-00003301-00003685 scenarios have these narratives of what a future could potentially look like and +02nbfvqGCOu-00004-00003685-00004186 with this although for the creation and the promotion of developments that could +02nbfvqGCOu-00005-00004186-00004828 get us there to that scenario we developed the future scenarios in six steps first +02nbfvqGCOu-00006-00004828-00005269 of all we set the framework so we decided that the scenarios would be EU +02nbfvqGCOu-00007-00005269-00005716 focused for the year 2040 they would cover the INHERIT lifestyle areas +02nbfvqGCOu-00008-00005716-00006151 would accomplish the 'Triple-Win' and also that it would be four different +02nbfvqGCOu-00009-00006151-00006664 scenarios as a second step then we identified the drivers behind the +02nbfvqGCOu-00010-00006664-00007117 scenarios, that means we analyze trends with the help of a horizon scanning +02nbfvqGCOu-00011-00007117-00007603 approach, as a third step then we rent those trends by importance and we did +02nbfvqGCOu-00012-00007603-00008143 this by inviting 30 experts from all over Europe to a workshop and to work +02nbfvqGCOu-00013-00008143-00008608 with his trends as a fourth step we selected the two excesses that would +02nbfvqGCOu-00014-00008608-00009178 divide these four scenarios like this in and they were driving sectors and social +02nbfvqGCOu-00015-00009178-00009597 dynamics as a fifth step then we developed the narratives for the +02nbfvqGCOu-00016-00009597-00010117 scenarios and finally we also created storylines of individual citizens living +02nbfvqGCOu-00017-00010117-00010364 in these scenarios. +02nbfvqGCOu-00018-00010746-00011235 After creating the scenarios we conducted focus groups in five countries in Europe +02nbfvqGCOu-00019-00011235-00011712 in Spain in the UK the Czech Republic in Macedonia and in Germany in his focus +02nbfvqGCOu-00020-00011712-00012105 groups we wanted to understand from normal citizens how they felt about the +02nbfvqGCOu-00021-00012105-00012455 scenarios what they liked about it and what they disliked about it +02nbfvqGCOu-00022-00012455-00012992 we received a lot of different comments and feedbacks but what what was very +02nbfvqGCOu-00023-00012992-00013530 strong from the feedback was that the first scenario, the one 'My life +02nbfvqGCOu-00024-00013530-00014115 between realities' was the most controversial in all countries in the +02nbfvqGCOu-00025-00014115-00014565 scenario we described a future which was very much focused on digitalization and +02nbfvqGCOu-00026-00014565-00015252 technology and while people on the one hand valued that scenario for its +02nbfvqGCOu-00027-00015252-00015822 convenience they were also afraid of losing a personal touch and losing +02nbfvqGCOu-00028-00015822-00016335 humanity in this, and on the other hand the scenario 'One for all and all for +02nbfvqGCOu-00029-00016335-00016938 one,' which described a very local life and the focus on the community was seen +02nbfvqGCOu-00030-00016938-00017379 as most appealing by many of the citizens, here the strong focus on social +02nbfvqGCOu-00031-00017379-00017816 and family cohesion was very positively. +02QG5YXR9ro-00000-00000008-00000544 Greetings and welcome to the discussion on Web Browsers and Web Servers. +02QG5YXR9ro-00001-00000544-00000911 My name is Dan McElroy at San José City College. +02QG5YXR9ro-00002-00000911-00001360 If you have been using a web browser such as Safari, Chrome, Firefox or Edge +02QG5YXR9ro-00003-00001360-00001816 for awhile, you will find that you probably know some of the information +02QG5YXR9ro-00004-00001816-00002192 contained in this discussion. Hopefully everyone will find some +02QG5YXR9ro-00005-00002192-00002528 new and exciting things that they didn't already know about +02QG5YXR9ro-00006-00002528-00002968 web browsers and web servers. The information in this presentation +02QG5YXR9ro-00007-00002968-00003400 contains some material from Wikipedia and things I have written myself. +02QG5YXR9ro-00008-00003496-00003928 The Internet is used to connect a web browser to the web server. +02QG5YXR9ro-00009-00003928-00004392 When you type an address in the browser, your request is routed to a web +02QG5YXR9ro-00010-00004392-00004816 server through the Internet. The server gets your request, does +02QG5YXR9ro-00011-00004816-00005256 something with it, such as finding a web page and then sends that page back +02QG5YXR9ro-00012-00005256-00005752 to be displayed on your browser. Programs called hyperlinked +02QG5YXR9ro-00013-00005752-00006104 applications were written during the mid and late 1980s. +02QG5YXR9ro-00014-00006160-00006640 Research papers typically have footnotes that identify where the writer referenced +02QG5YXR9ro-00015-00006640-00007095 information described in the paper. That way, the reader could locate the +02QG5YXR9ro-00016-00007095-00007480 information that was referenced. Eventually, research papers +02QG5YXR9ro-00017-00007480-00007816 were stored on disk files instead of being printed out. +02QG5YXR9ro-00018-00007816-00008240 A hyperlink in the footnote could be clicked and the material being referenced +02QG5YXR9ro-00019-00008240-00008584 would then be automatically displayed on the computer screen. +02QG5YXR9ro-00020-00008640-00009136 The reader of the research paper no longer needed to find that material by searching +02QG5YXR9ro-00021-00009136-00009624 the rows of books in the library. Following hyperlinked applications, +02QG5YXR9ro-00022-00009624-00010072 Tim Berners-Lee is credited with developing both the first web server, +02QG5YXR9ro-00023-00010072-00010656 and the first web browser in 1990. It was called WorldWideWeb +02QG5YXR9ro-00024-00010712-00011208 (no spaces) and later renamed Nexus. Many other browsers were developed, +02QG5YXR9ro-00025-00011208-00011792 with Marc Andreessen's 1993 Mosaic which later was called Netscape. +02QG5YXR9ro-00026-00011792-00012224 It was easy to use and install, and often credited with sparking +02QG5YXR9ro-00027-00012224-00012688 the internet boom of the 1990s. Today, the major web browsers are +02QG5YXR9ro-00028-00012688-00013176 Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, Edge, Firefox, Opera, and Silk. +02QG5YXR9ro-00029-00013176-00013591 The explosion in popularity of the Web was triggered in September +02QG5YXR9ro-00030-00013591-00014232 1993 by Mosaic that included images and text on the same page. +02QG5YXR9ro-00031-00014232-00014744 Its founder also established the company that in 1994 released +02QG5YXR9ro-00032-00014744-00015191 Netscape Navigator. This resulted in one of the early browser +02QG5YXR9ro-00033-00015191-00015584 wars in competition with Microsoft's Internet Explorer for Windows. +02QG5YXR9ro-00034-00015672-00016047 Netscape began to threaten the very existence of Microsoft. +02QG5YXR9ro-00035-00016104-00016584 Microsoft retaliated by giving Internet Explorer away for free. +02QG5YXR9ro-00036-00016584-00016912 This caused Netscape to lose most of its income from the +02QG5YXR9ro-00037-00016912-00017416 sale of Netscape Navigator. Tim Berners-Lee was named in +02QG5YXR9ro-00038-00017416-00017792 Timemagazine's list of the 100 Most Important People +02QG5YXR9ro-00039-00017792-00018280 of the 20th century. He was honored as the "Inventor of the World Wide +02QG5YXR9ro-00040-00018280-00018840 Web"and the first web browser. The Uniform Resource Locator, or URL, +02QG5YXR9ro-00041-00018840-00019264 contains the full address that is used to locate a web page on the Internet. +02QG5YXR9ro-00042-00019336-00020320 Although it typically starts with http:// or https:// this part of the URL +02QG5YXR9ro-00043-00020320-00020840 is assumed when using a web browser. HTTP stands for Hyper +02QG5YXR9ro-00044-00020840-00021304 Text Transfer Protocol. Hyper Text indicates that the page +02QG5YXR9ro-00045-00021304-00021632 can contain links that can be clicked to move to another page. +02QG5YXR9ro-00046-00021728-00022048 Protocol is a list of rules that are followed when routing a +02QG5YXR9ro-00047-00022048-00022448 request around the Internet. There are several other Internet +02QG5YXR9ro-00048-00022448-00022944 protocols not discussed here such as FTP, File Transfer Protocol. +02QG5YXR9ro-00049-00023024-00023400 The URL contains several parts. The first part is the +02QG5YXR9ro-00050-00023400-00023824 name of the server. In this example program-info.net. +02QG5YXR9ro-00051-00023880-00024296 There is an optional list of folders on the web server to find the +02QG5YXR9ro-00052-00024296-00024712 location of the web page. Lastly, the name of the web page itself. +02QG5YXR9ro-00053-00024768-00025200 In this example, it is SampleWebPage.htm. +02QG5YXR9ro-00054-00025256-00025824 Most web pages will use .htm or .html as their file extension. +02QG5YXR9ro-00055-00025895-00026448 If a web page is not specified, the server usually looks for a file named default +02QG5YXR9ro-00056-00026448-00027152 htm or index.htm, or either of these names with the .html file extension. +02QG5YXR9ro-00057-00027280-00027760 If you want to type this address on your browser, be careful and type the +02QG5YXR9ro-00058-00027760-00028192 capitalization exactly as shown. Because this server is running +02QG5YXR9ro-00059-00028192-00028632 the Linux operating system. Capitalization does not matter on +02QG5YXR9ro-00060-00028632-00029120 servers that are running Microsoft. Here is another thing to notice. +02QG5YXR9ro-00061-00029120-00029536 The URL uses the forward slash / to separate each part +02QG5YXR9ro-00062-00029536-00029952 of the web page address. This is true even for servers that +02QG5YXR9ro-00063-00029952-00030408 are running on Microsoft which typically uses the backslash \ character +02QG5YXR9ro-00064-00030408-00030695 to separate different parts of the folder and filename. +02QG5YXR9ro-00065-00030839-00031499 The original top level domain names were .com .mil .edu .net and +02QG5YXR9ro-00066-00031499-00031912 .org The top level domain name helps identify the type of web server. +02QG5YXR9ro-00067-00032016-00032392 Recently additional names have been added to the list such +02QG5YXR9ro-00068-00032392-00032960 as .biz .travel etc. A two-digit suffix can be added +02QG5YXR9ro-00069-00032960-00033240 to the end of the domain name to identify the country. +02QG5YXR9ro-00070-00033320-00033888 .us is for the United States of America .ca is for Canada. +02QG5YXR9ro-00071-00033888-00034232 .mx is for Mexico. .au is for Australia. +02QG5YXR9ro-00072-00034232-00034560 And the list goes on and on to cover the many countries in the world. +02QG5YXR9ro-00073-00034680-00035024 There are several million devices on the Internet. +02QG5YXR9ro-00074-00035024-00035384 The Internet is a collection of many Interconnected-Networks. +02QG5YXR9ro-00075-00035472-00035792 The way data is transferred from one device to another is +02QG5YXR9ro-00076-00035792-00036232 called 'packet switching'. Small pieces of data are transferred across +02QG5YXR9ro-00077-00036232-00036744 the Internet to allow for faster and more efficient transfer across the several +02QG5YXR9ro-00078-00036744-00037200 devices which make up the Internet. Each device on the Internet is given +02QG5YXR9ro-00079-00037200-00037720 its own address, called an IP address. Connecting one device to another +02QG5YXR9ro-00080-00037720-00038064 is similar to making a telephone call using the telephone number. +02QG5YXR9ro-00081-00038128-00038768 Each packet of data contains both the to IP and the from IP address. +02QG5YXR9ro-00082-00038768-00039000 The server receives the IP address +02QG5YXR9ro-00083-00039000-00039304 of your device and is able to send data back to it. +02QG5YXR9ro-00084-00039384-00039792 There will be more discussion on how the Internet works in a later discussion. +02QG5YXR9ro-00085-00039880-00040424 You can find the IP address of your computer or the IP address of any server +02QG5YXR9ro-00086-00040424-00040784 on the Internet by going to the command prompt on your computer. +02QG5YXR9ro-00087-00040880-00041288 Type the ipconfig command at the command prompt to get the +02QG5YXR9ro-00088-00041288-00041720 IP address of your machine. Type the ping command at the command +02QG5YXR9ro-00089-00041720-00042048 prompt to get the IP address of a server on the Internet. +02QG5YXR9ro-00090-00042104-00042728 For example to find the IP address of google.com type: ping google.com +02QG5YXR9ro-00091-00042816-00043272 Although originally, you needed to know the numeric address of the other +02QG5YXR9ro-00092-00043272-00043672 device you wanted to connect to, we now have names for the servers. +02QG5YXR9ro-00093-00043776-00044360 When google.com is entered on the address bar of a web browser, google.com needs +02QG5YXR9ro-00094-00044360-00044784 to be converted into an IP address. This is done by a Domain +02QG5YXR9ro-00095-00044784-00045248 Name Server (DNS). As new servers are added to the Internet, +02QG5YXR9ro-00096-00045248-00045632 their names and addresses are added to the Domain Name Servers. +02QG5YXR9ro-00097-00045632-00046192 Here is a web page on program-info.net. When we look closely at the web page, +02QG5YXR9ro-00098-00046192-00046616 we see the title is displayed in the operating system's window's tab. +02QG5YXR9ro-00099-00046672-00046936 The URL is in the web browser's address bar. +02QG5YXR9ro-00100-00046992-00047368 The contents of the web page is placed in its 'Body'. +02QG5YXR9ro-00101-00047368-00047712 It is using a 'heading level-1' at the top of the page. +02QG5YXR9ro-00102-00047712-00048152 The next line has a size change to make it bigger and it is bold. +02QG5YXR9ro-00103-00048216-00048584 An image is placed on the web page along with a lot of text. +02QG5YXR9ro-00104-00048648-00049016 A link to the San José City College web page is near the +02QG5YXR9ro-00105-00049016-00049536 bottom of this web page. Now here comes the Big Question. +02QG5YXR9ro-00106-00049536-00049960 What goes on behind the scenes to display a web page on your browser. +02QG5YXR9ro-00107-00050056-00050736 On the server, a web page is built using Hyper-Text Markup Language, or HTML. +02QG5YXR9ro-00108-00050736-00051072 The HTML file contains only text characters. +02QG5YXR9ro-00109-00051136-00051616 Here is the HTML file that produces the web page displayed on the left. +02QG5YXR9ro-00110-00051616-00052128 It contains several 'tags' that control how the web page is built. +02QG5YXR9ro-00111-00052128-00052632 Tags are enclosed in angle brackets < > Most tags are grouped into pairs. +02QG5YXR9ro-00112-00052688-00053304 I can see the <html> tag at the top of the file that identifies +02QG5YXR9ro-00113-00053304-00054367 the start of the HTLM document. At the end is the closing tag </html> that +02QG5YXR9ro-00114-00054367-00054896 identifies the end of the web page. For this web page, I see the <head> +02QG5YXR9ro-00115-00054967-00055591 and </head> tags enclose the <title> and </title> tags. +02QG5YXR9ro-00116-00055591-00056144 The text within the <title> tags is displayed on the window title +02QG5YXR9ro-00117-00056144-00056496 on Windows, macOS, or what ever operating system you are using. +02QG5YXR9ro-00118-00056608-00057055 The <body> tag also contains the background color attribute +02QG5YXR9ro-00119-00057055-00057591 'bgcolor' and text color. The three primary colors for light +02QG5YXR9ro-00120-00057591-00058032 are red, green and blue as opposed to the primary colors for paint +02QG5YXR9ro-00121-00058032-00058479 of red, yellow and blue. The color attribute is expressed as two +02QG5YXR9ro-00122-00058479-00059072 hexadecimal digits each for the amount of red, green and blue light for each color +02QG5YXR9ro-00123-00059072-00059744 where 00 represents a 0 and FF represents the maximum value for that color. +02QG5YXR9ro-00124-00059744-00060655 For example #FFFFFF represents white. #000000 represents black. +02QG5YXR9ro-00125-00060832-00061504 #FF0000 gives red. #00FF00 gives green and +02QG5YXR9ro-00126-00061791-00062248 #0000FF gives blue. #808080 gives gray. +02QG5YXR9ro-00127-00062320-00062696 There will be a separate presentation on hexadecimal values. +02QG5YXR9ro-00128-00062696-00063288 The <h1> tag is part of a group of header tags h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 and +02QG5YXR9ro-00129-00063288-00063832 h6 that can be used to organize a large amount of text into separate sections +02QG5YXR9ro-00130-00063832-00064167 and make it easier to search for sections of a larger document. +02QG5YXR9ro-00131-00064240-00064696 The <h1> causes the text to be displayed bigger. +02QG5YXR9ro-00132-00064696-00065152 The <font> tag can be used to change the actual font or even change +02QG5YXR9ro-00133-00065152-00065520 the size of the text within the <font> and </font> tags. +02QG5YXR9ro-00134-00065600-00066088 The <img> tag contains attributes that identify the source of +02QG5YXR9ro-00135-00066088-00066560 the image, size and others. The alt attribute is important +02QG5YXR9ro-00136-00066560-00066904 for two reasons. It contains text that is displayed if +02QG5YXR9ro-00137-00066904-00067352 the picture file can't be found and it is also there for screen readers used +02QG5YXR9ro-00138-00067352-00067976 by blind or people with low vision. The text has <br> tags are +02QG5YXR9ro-00139-00067976-00068408 used as line breaks to move text down to the next line. +02QG5YXR9ro-00140-00068408-00068824 The <br> tag does not have a closing tag like many of the other tags. +02QG5YXR9ro-00141-00068824-00069296 Sometimes the <br> tag is shown as <br />. +02QG5YXR9ro-00142-00069512-00070040 An alternate to the <br> is the <p> paragraph tag which gives a +02QG5YXR9ro-00143-00070040-00070656 blank line before a paragraph. The <p> tag has a closing tag </p>. +02QG5YXR9ro-00144-00070656-00071368 The <a> is an 'anchor' that usually has the href attribute to provide +02QG5YXR9ro-00145-00071368-00071768 a link to another web page. The <a> tag has two parts +02QG5YXR9ro-00146-00071768-00072392 when used to create a link. The href attribute inside the <a> +02QG5YXR9ro-00147-00072456-00072784 provides the link address where to go if the link is clicked. +02QG5YXR9ro-00148-00072880-00073488 Between the <a> and the </a> tags is where text is provided that gets displayed +02QG5YXR9ro-00149-00073488-00073936 on the web page for the link. Although there are many more HTML tags +02QG5YXR9ro-00150-00073936-00074432 than shown, here is a list of the most common tags with a brief description. +02QG5YXR9ro-00151-00074432-00074792 Most of them have already been used in the sample web page. +02QG5YXR9ro-00152-00074912-00075248 In many cases, the web page sends a request to the server. +02QG5YXR9ro-00153-00075360-00075728 The server then runs a program that builds the response page and sends +02QG5YXR9ro-00154-00075728-00076464 it back to the user's web browser. However, a small program can be included +02QG5YXR9ro-00155-00076464-00076984 inside the return web page which is executed on the user's computer. +02QG5YXR9ro-00156-00076984-00077464 A JavaScript program can be placed inside the header of the web page. +02QG5YXR9ro-00157-00077464-00078152 In this example, the function compute() is executed when the user clicks +02QG5YXR9ro-00158-00078152-00078576 the "Calculate" button. The form being displayed is built +02QG5YXR9ro-00159-00078576-00079144 inside the <body> and </body> tags. This sample JavaScript program +02QG5YXR9ro-00160-00079144-00079480 computes a weekly paycheck from within the web page. +02QG5YXR9ro-00161-00079480-00079960 What is most important to recognize that this is a program sent by the server that +02QG5YXR9ro-00162-00079960-00080528 is to be run on the user's machine. JavaScript is one of the more popular and +02QG5YXR9ro-00163-00080528-00081008 better paying programming languages. As a side note, there is also a programming +02QG5YXR9ro-00164-00081008-00081432 language called Java that is used on the actual web servers. +02QG5YXR9ro-00165-00081432-00081984 You need to remember that JavaScript runs within a web page not a server. +02QG5YXR9ro-00166-00081984-00082384 Although the word Java is in the name of both languages, they are completely +02QG5YXR9ro-00167-00082384-00082704 different programming languages. The 'Save' command is one of +02QG5YXR9ro-00168-00082704-00083080 the things that has messed me up more than a few times. +02QG5YXR9ro-00169-00083080-00083568 I am used to using the Ctrl-S on a PC or Command-S on a macOS system +02QG5YXR9ro-00170-00083568-00083992 to do a save which saves the actual web page on my computer. +02QG5YXR9ro-00171-00084048-00084424 But what I wanted to do is send the data I filled out on the +02QG5YXR9ro-00172-00084424-00084872 web page to the server. Make sure you click the button +02QG5YXR9ro-00173-00084872-00085272 shown as either Submit or Save to send data back to the server. +02QG5YXR9ro-00174-00085272-00085752 Cookies are small text files a website may place on YOUR computer +02QG5YXR9ro-00175-00085752-00086216 or device when you visit. Cookies help the website to recognize +02QG5YXR9ro-00176-00086216-00086736 your device the next time you visit. Cookies serve many functions. +02QG5YXR9ro-00177-00086736-00087216 For example, they can help a company remember your username and preferences, analyze +02QG5YXR9ro-00178-00087216-00087768 how well sites are performing, or allow them to recommend content they believe +02QG5YXR9ro-00179-00087768-00088304 will be most relevant to you. The majority of websites use cookies +02QG5YXR9ro-00180-00088304-00088664 to collect and retain personal information about their visitors. +02QG5YXR9ro-00181-00088728-00089264 Most cookies collect general information, such as how visitors arrive at and use +02QG5YXR9ro-00182-00089264-00089840 a site, the device they are using, their IP address, what pages are being viewed +02QG5YXR9ro-00183-00089840-00090256 and their approximate physical location such as city, state or country. +02QG5YXR9ro-00184-00090256-00090720 Cookies can be used to monitor web site performance, remember your preferences, +02QG5YXR9ro-00185-00090720-00091224 or customize advertising campaigns based on what you have looked at before. +02QG5YXR9ro-00186-00091224-00091592 For more information about cookies and how to manage them, visit: www +02QG5YXR9ro-00187-00091592-00092368 allaboutcookies.org Typically, data is routed through six to eight different +02QG5YXR9ro-00188-00092368-00092696 computers as it passes between the browser and the server. +02QG5YXR9ro-00189-00092752-00093208 This has provided hackers the opportunity to capture and save sensitive data +02QG5YXR9ro-00190-00093208-00093664 such as bank or payment information. This is sometimes referred to as +02QG5YXR9ro-00191-00093664-00094392 the 'man in the middle attack'. Now most web traffic uses the HTTPS protocol +02QG5YXR9ro-00192-00094392-00094880 where the S stands for 'secure'. Communications are encrypted using +02QG5YXR9ro-00193-00094880-00095320 Transport Layer Security (TLS). The protocol is referred to as +02QG5YXR9ro-00194-00095320-00095992 HTTP over TLS or just HTTPS. Depending on how much room is in +02QG5YXR9ro-00195-00095992-00096448 the web browser's address bar, it will either display the URL starting +02QG5YXR9ro-00196-00096448-00097184 with http:// or https://. The symbol of a closed lock is +02QG5YXR9ro-00197-00097184-00097592 also used to indicate that the web communication is encrypted. +02QG5YXR9ro-00198-00097712-00098200 Another way of hiding your communications is through a Virtual Private Network. +02QG5YXR9ro-00199-00098200-00098584 The VPN connects your computer to a server on the Internet +02QG5YXR9ro-00200-00098584-00099120 using the VPN's connection. For example if the VPN server is in +02QG5YXR9ro-00201-00099120-00099496 another country, it will appear that you are coming from that country +02QG5YXR9ro-00202-00099496-00099984 instead of where you actually are. This can also be helpful if +02QG5YXR9ro-00203-00099984-00100360 you are connecting to the Internet through a public Wi-Fi. +02QG5YXR9ro-00204-00100360-00100744 VPNs are used by many companies when employees are working from home. +02QG5YXR9ro-00205-00100800-00101264 The VPN can make it appear that the employees are actually using a computer +02QG5YXR9ro-00206-00101264-00101656 located at the company when really they could be many miles away. +02QG5YXR9ro-00207-00101784-00102176 You may want to check some articles on the web about the advantages +02QG5YXR9ro-00208-00102176-00102640 of using a VPN if you are on a shared Wi-Fi or student network. +02QG5YXR9ro-00209-00102768-00103248 Most network connected computers keep a history in a 'log file' to keep track of +02QG5YXR9ro-00210-00103248-00103696 the communications that have occurred. These log files are very important when +02QG5YXR9ro-00211-00103696-00104080 technicians need to find out what went wrong when the network is not working. +02QG5YXR9ro-00212-00104183-00104544 One time a student wanted to get his girlfriend out of a Cosmetology +02QG5YXR9ro-00213-00104544-00105352 class early so he created a fake e-mail address DrDoom2@hotmail.com +02QG5YXR9ro-00214-00105352-00105752 without using his real name and sent a bomb threat to the college. +02QG5YXR9ro-00215-00105816-00106256 He was successful in his date. However, when the police contacted +02QG5YXR9ro-00216-00106256-00106600 Microsoft, they were able to see that the e-mail was sent from +02QG5YXR9ro-00217-00106600-00107016 an IP address at the college. The technicians at the college were +02QG5YXR9ro-00218-00107016-00107448 able to use that IP address to identify the actual computer. +02QG5YXR9ro-00219-00107511-00107976 It was in one of the open labs. The Police asked the lab supervisor +02QG5YXR9ro-00220-00107976-00108440 if they could identify who was sitting at the computer when the e-mail was sent. +02QG5YXR9ro-00221-00108440-00108768 They said, "Oh yeah. He sits there most of the day". +02QG5YXR9ro-00222-00108768-00109048 To make a long story short (ha ha) +02QG5YXR9ro-00223-00109048-00109440 I don't know what happened to him but he wasn't seen on campus after that. +02QG5YXR9ro-00224-00109496-00109952 Most browsers have a 'Private' or 'Incognito' mode that prevents any +02QG5YXR9ro-00225-00109952-00110232 browsing history from being saved by the browser. +02QG5YXR9ro-00226-00110288-00110792 However, this doesn't stop things being logged by the server. +02QG5YXR9ro-00227-00110792-00111288 Be careful of a sense of false security. I could probably go on for +02QG5YXR9ro-00228-00111288-00111616 a couple of hours talking about the web and web pages. +02QG5YXR9ro-00229-00111616-00112016 But I need to stop somewhere. I will have another discussion +02QG5YXR9ro-00230-00112016-00112280 that covers more detail on how the Internet works. +02QG5YXR9ro-00231-00112335-00112664 If you are really interested in creating web pages, look +02QG5YXR9ro-00232-00112664-00113288 for a class on web design. Bye for now. +02XIbAblpGy-00000-00000056-00000504 Hello my friends welcome to the 14th episode +02XIbAblpGy-00001-00000504-00000840 of the Item Guide series Today we will talk about the +02XIbAblpGy-00002-00000840-00001264 last 4 attack items Bloodlust Axe, Haas's Claws, +02XIbAblpGy-00003-00001264-00001728 Berserker's Fury and Rose Gold Meteor We have no time to waste today +02XIbAblpGy-00004-00001728-00002039 So let’s jump right into today’s topic and talk about +02XIbAblpGy-00005-00002039-00002432 Bloodlust Axe As always we start with the stats +02XIbAblpGy-00006-00002432-00002880 You get +70 Physical Attack and +10% Cooldown Reduction +02XIbAblpGy-00007-00002880-00003447 It also has a unique 20% spell vamp effect and is also the only item that doesn’t have any +02XIbAblpGy-00008-00003447-00003768 passive or active effect appart from a few boots +02XIbAblpGy-00009-00003768-00003984 But before we get into the demonstration +02XIbAblpGy-00010-00003984-00004296 I want to quickly explain you what spell vamp is +02XIbAblpGy-00011-00004296-00004824 If your hero has spell vamp you regenerate HP when you deal damage with any skill +02XIbAblpGy-00012-00004824-00005264 It does not work with basic attacks for that you have physical lifesteal +02XIbAblpGy-00013-00005264-00005664 Magic Lifesteal also exists and this works with all magic damage you deal +02XIbAblpGy-00014-00005664-00006048 regardless if you deal it with basic attacks of skills +02XIbAblpGy-00015-00006048-00006344 Now that that’s out of the way let’s get into the demonstration +02XIbAblpGy-00016-00006400-00006944 I’m using Jawhead for the demonstration As you can see after I throw bot Layla up +02XIbAblpGy-00017-00006944-00007552 I regen 158 HP what is exactly 20% of the skill damage that I’ve dealt +02XIbAblpGy-00018-00007552-00007928 The regen doesn’t work with basic attacks though as I said before +02XIbAblpGy-00019-00007928-00008344 So overall it’s a very simple Item But there are many Items +02XIbAblpGy-00020-00008344-00008672 with which you can combine it I give you some examples +02XIbAblpGy-00021-00008672-00008920 War Axe gives you additional cooldown reduction +02XIbAblpGy-00022-00008920-00009208 and is a good item to increase your Physical Attack +02XIbAblpGy-00023-00009208-00009448 Endless Battle also gives you cooldown reduction +02XIbAblpGy-00024-00009448-00009928 and Physical Lifesteal what let’s you recover HP no matter how you deal damage +02XIbAblpGy-00025-00009928-00010208 And the true damage effect increases your damage +02XIbAblpGy-00026-00010208-00010568 so you can combine skills and basic attacks very nicely +02XIbAblpGy-00027-00010568-00011000 Oracle also gives you more cooldown reduction and increases your HP regen effect by 30% +02XIbAblpGy-00028-00011080-00011376 which is very useful if your enemies build anti heal items +02XIbAblpGy-00029-00011480-00011840 And lastly Queen’s Wings which increases your spell vamp +02XIbAblpGy-00030-00011840-00012304 once your HP is below 40% and also have 10% cooldown reduction +02XIbAblpGy-00031-00012304-00012544 If you want to know more about this or any other Items +02XIbAblpGy-00032-00012544-00012952 Check out the whole playlist at the end because I covered almost all items until now +02XIbAblpGy-00033-00012952-00013288 In general it’s a good idea for most heroes who use spell vamp +02XIbAblpGy-00034-00013288-00013600 to build Items that reduce their cooldown times by at least 30% +02XIbAblpGy-00035-00013672-00014176 That means you can spam around your skills and therefore deal more damage and also regenerate +02XIbAblpGy-00036-00014176-00014391 more HP Just remember +02XIbAblpGy-00037-00014391-00014880 the cooldown reduction is capped at 40% Now to the heroes who can use this Item +02XIbAblpGy-00038-00014880-00015240 You can build it on all heroes who can benefit from the spell vamp effect +02XIbAblpGy-00039-00015240-00015608 because they deal a lot of skill based damage Examples are Fanny, +02XIbAblpGy-00040-00015608-00016160 Ruby, Balmond, Alpha or Paquito They also benefit from the cooldown reduction +02XIbAblpGy-00041-00016160-00016632 because they mainly use skills to deal damage What you definitely shouldn’t do is building it +02XIbAblpGy-00042-00016632-00017104 on heroes who mainly use basic attacks A good example is a Marksman like Lesley +02XIbAblpGy-00043-00017104-00017344 Her first skill only enhances her basic attack +02XIbAblpGy-00044-00017344-00017592 so she doesn’t benefit from the Spell Vamp at all +02XIbAblpGy-00045-00017592-00017976 On her you can build a item that gives you Physical Lifesteal +02XIbAblpGy-00046-00017976-00018384 like Haas’s Claws for example Awesome transition number 1 Check +02XIbAblpGy-00047-00018384-00018608 Haas’s Claws We start again with the stats +02XIbAblpGy-00048-00018608-00018976 You get +70 Physical Attack It also has a Unique +20% +02XIbAblpGy-00049-00018976-00019352 Physical Lifesteal effect again Physical Lifesteal only works with +02XIbAblpGy-00050-00019352-00019776 basic attacks that deal physical damage It has one passive effect +02XIbAblpGy-00051-00019776-00020280 and it’s called Insanity When you HP drops below 50% your hero will +02XIbAblpGy-00052-00020280-00020696 have an additional 15% Physical Lifesteal This doesn’t have a cooldown +02XIbAblpGy-00053-00020696-00021040 but the effect ends as soon as your HP is over 50% again +02XIbAblpGy-00054-00021392-00021944 I’m using Jawhead again for the demonstration As you can see skill based damage doesn’t work to +02XIbAblpGy-00055-00021944-00022264 trigger the lifesteal effect but basic attacks does +02XIbAblpGy-00056-00022264-00022704 Again 73 HP is exactly 20% of the damage that I’ve dealt +02XIbAblpGy-00057-00022760-00023376 Now that my HP is below 50% I recover 128 HP instead of 73 +02XIbAblpGy-00058-00023376-00023888 and the 15% extra Physical Lifesteal stays until I have more than 50% HP again +02XIbAblpGy-00059-00023952-00024232 First let’s talk about with which Items you can combine it with +02XIbAblpGy-00060-00024288-00024672 The first would be Endless Battle First it gives you another 10% Physical +02XIbAblpGy-00061-00024672-00024816 Lifesteal and it has the +02XIbAblpGy-00062-00024816-00025240 already mentioned true damage effect This 2 items really work well together +02XIbAblpGy-00063-00025240-00025632 Otherwise any other item that increases your basic attack damage +02XIbAblpGy-00064-00025632-00025936 or your attack speed is very helpful because more damage +02XIbAblpGy-00065-00026032-00026464 also means more HP regeneration for you Berserker’s Fury would be an example +02XIbAblpGy-00066-00026464-00026800 but I haven’t talked about the heroes you should build it on yet +02XIbAblpGy-00067-00026800-00027360 so that transition is too early dammit I would strongly suggest to build it on marksman +02XIbAblpGy-00068-00027360-00027952 who deal a lot of damage with basic attacks like Lesley, Layla, Wanwan or Miya as one of +02XIbAblpGy-00069-00027952-00028195 your last items In the late game you +02XIbAblpGy-00070-00028195-00028616 as Marksman deal so much damage that with this Item together you can become +02XIbAblpGy-00071-00028616-00028792 really difficult to kill because you +02XIbAblpGy-00072-00029424-00029888 regen an absurd amount of HP with this Item It increases your chances of surviving +02XIbAblpGy-00073-00029888-00030288 much more than many defensive items and also increase your damage further +02XIbAblpGy-00074-00030288-00030560 You can also recover all of your HP on a single Jungle Creep +02XIbAblpGy-00075-00030560-00031016 so you don’t have to recall to the base anymore And again you can also increase your +02XIbAblpGy-00076-00031016-00031424 lifesteal by dealing more damage especially Crit Damage which you can +02XIbAblpGy-00077-00031424-00031695 get from an Item like Berserker’s Fury +02XIbAblpGy-00078-00031695-00032200 Awesome transition number 2 check You get +65 Physical Attack +02XIbAblpGy-00079-00032200-00032583 and +25% Crit Chance Crit Chance means obviously +02XIbAblpGy-00080-00032583-00032952 the chance to deal Crit Damage It has also a unique +40% +02XIbAblpGy-00081-00032952-00033248 Critical Damage effect what increases your damage by 40% +02XIbAblpGy-00082-00033312-00033640 when you deal crit damage Again it’s obvious but I want +02XIbAblpGy-00083-00033640-00033976 to be as clear as possible +03B9bLTZoZQ-00000-00000000-00001010 reaction to when bts is so done with army | kpop reactor +06inwHyT7l0-00000-00002247-00002430 Amelia Antrim: Welcome to a special bonus +06inwHyT7l0-00001-00002430-00002655 episode of character creation spotlight. +06inwHyT7l0-00002-00002655-00002922 Everyone in this bonus segment will be +06inwHyT7l0-00003-00002922-00003126 shining a light on some current or up and +06inwHyT7l0-00004-00003126-00003360 coming games to keep an eye out for. I'm +06inwHyT7l0-00005-00003360-00003624 one of your hosts, Amelia. And today, my +06inwHyT7l0-00006-00003624-00003894 co host Ryan and I are welcoming Ben +06inwHyT7l0-00007-00003894-00004167 Wallace to talk about broken a two player +06inwHyT7l0-00008-00004167-00004365 tragic romance RPG. +06inwHyT7l0-00009-00004473-00004584 Ryan Boelter: Welcome to Character +06inwHyT7l0-00010-00004584-00004779 Creation, Cast spotlight. Ben, it is +06inwHyT7l0-00011-00004779-00004932 really great to have you here with us. +06inwHyT7l0-00012-00004986-00005169 Ben Wallis: Thank you so much. I really +06inwHyT7l0-00013-00005169-00005355 can't tell you how much it means to be +06inwHyT7l0-00014-00005355-00005505 here. I'm really excited to be talking +06inwHyT7l0-00015-00005505-00005586 with you both. I'm +06inwHyT7l0-00016-00005586-00005874 Amelia Antrim: so excited. I'm so it's so +06inwHyT7l0-00017-00005874-00006021 good. Like whisper it. And then Ryan, you +06inwHyT7l0-00018-00006021-00006216 can make it louder. And I'm so excited for +06inwHyT7l0-00019-00006216-00006261 this. +06inwHyT7l0-00020-00006473-00006659 Ryan Boelter: Yeah, I am very excited. +06inwHyT7l0-00021-00006746-00007013 Ben, could you start off by telling us a +06inwHyT7l0-00022-00007013-00007160 bit about yourself and what sort of +06inwHyT7l0-00023-00007160-00007370 projects you have going on right now? +06inwHyT7l0-00024-00007370-00007604 Aside from broken and maybe where people +06inwHyT7l0-00025-00007604-00007706 can find you online? +06inwHyT7l0-00026-00007766-00008093 Ben Wallis: Yeah, absolutely. So I am Ben. +06inwHyT7l0-00027-00008093-00008291 And I'm also known sometimes on social +06inwHyT7l0-00028-00008291-00008588 media as that gamer priest. So you don't +06inwHyT7l0-00029-00008588-00008753 forget me? Oh, yeah, that's that gamer +06inwHyT7l0-00030-00008753-00008783 priest, +06inwHyT7l0-00031-00008840-00009005 Amelia Antrim: and not the other one. +06inwHyT7l0-00032-00009008-00009317 Ben Wallis: Exactly. And, ya know, I'm the +06inwHyT7l0-00033-00009317-00009539 co founder of the all ports open network, +06inwHyT7l0-00034-00009560-00009767 the Opportunity Network has been around +06inwHyT7l0-00035-00009767-00010040 for about five years, we do podcasts and +06inwHyT7l0-00036-00010040-00010247 streams really to teach RBG content and +06inwHyT7l0-00037-00010247-00010673 stories, audio dramas. And we recently +06inwHyT7l0-00038-00010673-00010982 launched a pong games, which is our TTRPG +06inwHyT7l0-00039-00010982-00011294 publishing wing of the portrait network. +06inwHyT7l0-00040-00011297-00011564 And we so we sort of specialize in making +06inwHyT7l0-00041-00011564-00011753 games that are all about telling great +06inwHyT7l0-00042-00011753-00011987 stories, they also are good at doing, like +06inwHyT7l0-00043-00011990-00012176 background work for a lot of them are good +06inwHyT7l0-00044-00012176-00012353 at doing background work for storytelling, +06inwHyT7l0-00045-00012353-00012761 so world building, and sort of like +06inwHyT7l0-00046-00012764-00013118 expanding a setting or even games that +06inwHyT7l0-00047-00013121-00013409 might be for like that a author might use +06inwHyT7l0-00048-00013409-00013688 to help set groundwork for a fictional +06inwHyT7l0-00049-00013688-00013865 setting or something like that. So that's +06inwHyT7l0-00050-00013865-00014138 kind of our heart and soul of what we do +06inwHyT7l0-00051-00014171-00014615 in our, in our in our a pawn Games Game +06inwHyT7l0-00052-00014615-00014780 wing that we recently launched. So we just +06inwHyT7l0-00053-00014780-00014948 launched a game called the hard lessons +06inwHyT7l0-00054-00014948-00015305 that just finished each funding. And, and +06inwHyT7l0-00055-00015305-00015503 so yeah, so that's kind of what we do. I'm +06inwHyT7l0-00056-00015503-00015905 also the I'm also the host of holy Happy +06inwHyT7l0-00057-00015905-00016232 Hour Batman, which is a Monday night TTRPG +06inwHyT7l0-00058-00016232-00016463 talk show, where here's the gaming and +06inwHyT7l0-00059-00016463-00016661 geek world join me to talk about lifespace +06inwHyT7l0-00060-00016664-00016859 faith spirituality, the two of you have +06inwHyT7l0-00061-00016859-00016913 been on that show. +06inwHyT7l0-00062-00016916-00017018 Amelia Antrim: It was a lot of fun. I +06inwHyT7l0-00063-00017018-00017198 really enjoy that show. Absolutely. Thank +06inwHyT7l0-00064-00017199-00017310 Ben Wallis: you. Thank you. So yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-00065-00017310-00017457 that's that's sort of who I am and what I +06inwHyT7l0-00066-00017457-00017568 do. Pretty cool. +06inwHyT7l0-00067-00017571-00017676 Ryan Boelter: Well, thanks so much for +06inwHyT7l0-00068-00017676-00018021 being here. Since this is an abridged +06inwHyT7l0-00069-00018021-00018288 version of our normal format, we will be +06inwHyT7l0-00070-00018288-00018558 sticking to the highlights of the system +06inwHyT7l0-00071-00018582-00018789 with special focus on character creation. +06inwHyT7l0-00072-00018828-00019089 So without further ado, how about we find +06inwHyT7l0-00073-00019089-00019434 out what this game is all about? What's in +06inwHyT7l0-00074-00019434-00019770 a game? All right. Could you start off by +06inwHyT7l0-00075-00019770-00019992 telling us a bit about the core concept +06inwHyT7l0-00076-00019995-00020085 for broken? +06inwHyT7l0-00077-00020124-00020361 Ben Wallis: Yeah, so broken is a way so +06inwHyT7l0-00078-00020361-00020538 it's funny, I say I kind of introduce it +06inwHyT7l0-00079-00020538-00020637 in different ways, depending on my +06inwHyT7l0-00080-00020637-00020832 audience. Since this is a very TTRPG +06inwHyT7l0-00081-00020832-00021060 audience. I will say it's a duet +06inwHyT7l0-00082-00021060-00021327 cooperative storytelling game. It's an +06inwHyT7l0-00083-00021330-00021570 artifact and ritual based game centered +06inwHyT7l0-00084-00021570-00021846 around telling the story of a breakup of +06inwHyT7l0-00085-00021846-00022053 starch between two characters. Usually, +06inwHyT7l0-00086-00022053-00022347 it's a romantic story. And so you create +06inwHyT7l0-00087-00022350-00022623 two characters, you create their +06inwHyT7l0-00088-00022623-00022758 relationship and their relationship +06inwHyT7l0-00089-00022758-00023082 dynamics, you gather. It's, like I said, +06inwHyT7l0-00090-00023082-00023295 it's artifacts based. So you gather 10 +06inwHyT7l0-00091-00023322-00023619 physical objects, that over the course of +06inwHyT7l0-00092-00023619-00023796 10 scenes, as you are slowly breaking up. +06inwHyT7l0-00093-00023814-00024144 You break each of these objects until all +06inwHyT7l0-00094-00024144-00024366 you're left with his broken objects, and +06inwHyT7l0-00095-00024366-00024666 broken hearts. And the game's over. It's +06inwHyT7l0-00096-00024675-00024741 Amelia Antrim: awful. +06inwHyT7l0-00097-00025062-00025401 Ben Wallis: But it is, it can be pretty +06inwHyT7l0-00098-00025401-00025572 gut wrenching isn't the thing. Yeah. It's +06inwHyT7l0-00099-00025572-00025749 a very emotional game very emotionally +06inwHyT7l0-00100-00025749-00026088 deep game. very visceral, very tactile. +06inwHyT7l0-00101-00026108-00026511 Physical, can be very cathartic. Yeah. So +06inwHyT7l0-00102-00026511-00026691 sort of all of those things. +06inwHyT7l0-00103-00026712-00026945 Amelia Antrim: Yeah. We always ask what +06inwHyT7l0-00104-00026945-00027239 kind of setting you play in. In this one, +06inwHyT7l0-00105-00027243-00027489 you are playing out a relationship. So I +06inwHyT7l0-00106-00027489-00027618 sort of assume it kind of depends on the +06inwHyT7l0-00107-00027618-00027843 relationship. Yeah. Is this game kind of +06inwHyT7l0-00108-00027843-00028095 meant to do like only realistic +06inwHyT7l0-00109-00028095-00028233 relationships? Or can you do kind of +06inwHyT7l0-00110-00028233-00028352 anything that you want to with +06inwHyT7l0-00111-00028352-00028433 Ben Wallis: it? Yeah, I was really +06inwHyT7l0-00112-00028433-00028674 intentional about this. When I wrote the +06inwHyT7l0-00113-00028674-00028851 game. I very much wanted it to have +06inwHyT7l0-00114-00028851-00029055 flexibility that the like, immediate thing +06inwHyT7l0-00115-00029055-00029202 that comes to mind when you think about +06inwHyT7l0-00116-00029202-00029391 the game, or when you read the book, or go +06inwHyT7l0-00117-00029391-00029661 to play, it might be like creating a very +06inwHyT7l0-00118-00029661-00029886 realistic relationship that tells a story +06inwHyT7l0-00119-00029886-00030183 of two people who You might see and read +06inwHyT7l0-00120-00030183-00030393 in real life and their story of their +06inwHyT7l0-00121-00030393-00030606 breakup. But I really wanted to have the +06inwHyT7l0-00122-00030606-00030845 flexibility to use examples in the rules +06inwHyT7l0-00123-00030858-00031149 in the rule text of all kinds of things +06inwHyT7l0-00124-00031149-00031551 like a space emperor. And they're like, I +06inwHyT7l0-00125-00031557-00031737 can't remember what phrase I use, like +06inwHyT7l0-00126-00031737-00031926 love Prince or something. Like I really +06inwHyT7l0-00127-00031926-00032136 wanted to, like, just put out who knows +06inwHyT7l0-00128-00032136-00032343 what kinds of characters you might come up +06inwHyT7l0-00129-00032343-00032535 with. And I really wanted the game to both +06inwHyT7l0-00130-00032550-00032694 to do two things at the same time. This is +06inwHyT7l0-00131-00032694-00032940 such an important like design thing for me +06inwHyT7l0-00132-00032958-00033252 was I wanted it to both very much capture +06inwHyT7l0-00133-00033252-00033459 as much as I could manage to figure out +06inwHyT7l0-00134-00033459-00033741 how to do very much capture the visceral +06inwHyT7l0-00135-00033741-00034020 feelings of a breakup of romantic breakup. +06inwHyT7l0-00136-00034041-00034266 And also the have enough flexibility that +06inwHyT7l0-00137-00034266-00034461 if two people want to play it in kind of a +06inwHyT7l0-00138-00034500-00034767 light hearted, almost maybe not quite +06inwHyT7l0-00139-00034767-00034866 light hearted, but a little bit light +06inwHyT7l0-00140-00034866-00035052 hearted kind of way. Like we had to play +06inwHyT7l0-00141-00035052-00035349 testers who create who told the story of +06inwHyT7l0-00142-00035349-00035598 their d&d characters. They were already +06inwHyT7l0-00143-00035598-00035778 pre existing d&d characters from their +06inwHyT7l0-00144-00035778-00035937 campaign that had gone their separate +06inwHyT7l0-00145-00035937-00036195 ways. And they decided to play this game +06inwHyT7l0-00146-00036195-00036414 to tell how the two of them broke up as +06inwHyT7l0-00147-00036414-00036753 like, adventuring partners. And so I very +06inwHyT7l0-00148-00036753-00036903 much wanted the game to have enough +06inwHyT7l0-00149-00036903-00037080 flexibility that you could be as creative +06inwHyT7l0-00150-00037080-00037284 as you want with it. So yeah, so like the +06inwHyT7l0-00151-00037284-00037566 kind of the kind of like default setting, +06inwHyT7l0-00152-00037566-00037710 I think most people will think about when +06inwHyT7l0-00153-00037710-00037953 they read the book, or play the game is a +06inwHyT7l0-00154-00037953-00038109 real life romantic relationship. But it's +06inwHyT7l0-00155-00038109-00038346 certainly, I think, has the flexibility to +06inwHyT7l0-00156-00038346-00038583 do lots of things. And so one of the +06inwHyT7l0-00157-00038583-00038775 things we might get to do, and I hope we +06inwHyT7l0-00158-00038775-00039084 do, is if the game goes over our +06inwHyT7l0-00159-00039084-00039261 crowdfunding goals, and we can do stretch +06inwHyT7l0-00160-00039261-00039549 goals, we have some designers lined up who +06inwHyT7l0-00161-00039567-00039861 will write scenarios for the game, okay, +06inwHyT7l0-00162-00039861-00040152 scenarios are sort of like free packaged +06inwHyT7l0-00163-00040155-00040395 situations, like characters, there's their +06inwHyT7l0-00164-00040395-00040638 meet cute, who they are, where they are, +06inwHyT7l0-00165-00040650-00040893 the objects list that you would gather or +06inwHyT7l0-00166-00040893-00041133 write down on a popsicle stick, basically, +06inwHyT7l0-00167-00041133-00041241 all the stuff you would need to play the +06inwHyT7l0-00168-00041241-00041544 game and let you jump right in. And I +06inwHyT7l0-00169-00041544-00041718 really want those people to like do out of +06inwHyT7l0-00170-00041718-00041826 the box, things could +06inwHyT7l0-00171-00041826-00041952 Amelia Antrim: see that being really +06inwHyT7l0-00172-00041952-00042120 helpful for people to know, because this +06inwHyT7l0-00173-00042120-00042276 game, having read through it a couple of +06inwHyT7l0-00174-00042276-00042696 times, is like really powerful. If there's +06inwHyT7l0-00175-00042696-00042810 a lot happening, there's a lot of +06inwHyT7l0-00176-00042810-00043029 emotions. And I think, you know, having +06inwHyT7l0-00177-00043029-00043338 the opportunity to play with a place that +06inwHyT7l0-00178-00043341-00043509 that somebody else wrote that kind of +06inwHyT7l0-00179-00043509-00043680 gives you at least that little bit of +06inwHyT7l0-00180-00043680-00043905 distance from the subject matter. Yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-00181-00043908-00044118 might might be really helpful for some +06inwHyT7l0-00182-00044118-00044448 people because I can see very easily as +06inwHyT7l0-00183-00044448-00044646 somebody, like if I sat down to play this, +06inwHyT7l0-00184-00044646-00044817 even with the intention of being like, I'm +06inwHyT7l0-00185-00044817-00044976 not going to play my relationship. I'm not +06inwHyT7l0-00186-00044976-00045135 going to play my relationship. I am not +06inwHyT7l0-00187-00045135-00045345 going to play my relationship. Oops, look +06inwHyT7l0-00188-00045345-00045804 at my relationship. Nice to have some like +06inwHyT7l0-00189-00045810-00046002 pieces sort of separate you at least a +06inwHyT7l0-00190-00046002-00046206 little bit. You know, that might be good +06inwHyT7l0-00191-00046206-00046374 not only on like an entry level thing, but +06inwHyT7l0-00192-00046374-00046575 also just like an emotional strength and +06inwHyT7l0-00193-00046575-00046878 wherewithal kind of thing to have to be +06inwHyT7l0-00194-00046878-00047070 really cool to see what people what people +06inwHyT7l0-00195-00047070-00047322 bring to it, though. You did one recently +06inwHyT7l0-00196-00047322-00047724 with was with Dora from Alchemist versus +06inwHyT7l0-00197-00047724-00047961 tune in to oh my gosh, that was like I get +06inwHyT7l0-00198-00047961-00048192 to watch you. Like I need to find time to +06inwHyT7l0-00199-00048192-00048348 sit down and do it. Because as soon as I +06inwHyT7l0-00200-00048348-00048546 saw the two of you were doing it together. +06inwHyT7l0-00201-00048546-00048810 I was like, I need to know how this goes. +06inwHyT7l0-00202-00048812-00048986 Ben Wallis: It was so good. I could not +06inwHyT7l0-00203-00048986-00049220 recommend it enough. The whole stream is +06inwHyT7l0-00204-00049220-00049463 very long because we created out we did a +06inwHyT7l0-00205-00049466-00049667 we did a mash up, which I'm now kind of +06inwHyT7l0-00206-00049667-00049910 obsessed with doing with was broken. But +06inwHyT7l0-00207-00049910-00050195 we didn't we use the alchemist uses to +06inwHyT7l0-00208-00050222-00050441 create Alchemist versus characters fully +06inwHyT7l0-00209-00050441-00050633 and authentically Alchemist just as +06inwHyT7l0-00210-00050633-00050693 characters +06inwHyT7l0-00211-00050706-00050943 Amelia Antrim: and already has like very, +06inwHyT7l0-00212-00050997-00051201 like complicated Love Story stuff +06inwHyT7l0-00213-00051201-00051264 happening. +06inwHyT7l0-00214-00051272-00051425 Ben Wallis: Exactly. And then we took two +06inwHyT7l0-00215-00051425-00051611 of those characters, we just played broken +06inwHyT7l0-00216-00051611-00051932 with them. And it was such a great way to +06inwHyT7l0-00217-00051932-00052256 play broken like, it was so fun. And that +06inwHyT7l0-00218-00052256-00052631 Endora was amazing. And it was it was such +06inwHyT7l0-00219-00052634-00052856 a great. Yeah, it was such a great version +06inwHyT7l0-00220-00052856-00053078 of the game. It helped me as the designer +06inwHyT7l0-00221-00053081-00053294 to be like, Wow, yeah, the flexibility +06inwHyT7l0-00222-00053294-00053417 that this game has to do different things +06inwHyT7l0-00223-00053417-00053633 are so cool seeing it in like a magical +06inwHyT7l0-00224-00053633-00054002 girl anime setting. One of the things I +06inwHyT7l0-00225-00054002-00054212 really have come to enjoy about playing +06inwHyT7l0-00226-00054212-00054401 broken with people, because this is kind +06inwHyT7l0-00227-00054401-00054563 of like my favorite thing about it is +06inwHyT7l0-00228-00054566-00054689 playing with people who have ideas in our +06inwHyT7l0-00229-00054689-00054875 mind, that's like my favorite thing. And +06inwHyT7l0-00230-00054875-00055115 so like one of the things people have kind +06inwHyT7l0-00231-00055115-00055298 of introduced to me that I didn't +06inwHyT7l0-00232-00055304-00055544 anticipate for this game, necessarily, +06inwHyT7l0-00233-00055544-00055748 which is that you can take like playing +06inwHyT7l0-00234-00055748-00055931 what I'm calling playing in the margins. +06inwHyT7l0-00235-00055961-00056297 So like, I played a rom com and it was +06inwHyT7l0-00236-00056297-00056408 somebody and it was like a very +06inwHyT7l0-00237-00056408-00056852 stereotypical 80s rom com and we the way +06inwHyT7l0-00238-00056852-00057026 we kind of set those scenes was that it +06inwHyT7l0-00239-00057026-00057362 was like all of this broken scenes that we +06inwHyT7l0-00240-00057362-00057578 played out were like the moments right +06inwHyT7l0-00241-00057578-00057809 after the scene that would be in the 80s +06inwHyT7l0-00242-00057809-00058175 rom com movie so if you know you have +06inwHyT7l0-00243-00058178-00058397 right so we would sort of say okay, +06inwHyT7l0-00244-00058401-00058488 Amelia Antrim: it's always like the moment +06inwHyT7l0-00245-00058488-00058746 they get together then the movies yeah +06inwHyT7l0-00246-00058746-00058923 scene like I'd write thing happens and +06inwHyT7l0-00247-00058923-00059154 then we never like see what happens after +06inwHyT7l0-00248-00059157-00059424 Ben Wallis: Yeah. Even like along the way. +06inwHyT7l0-00249-00059424-00059625 So like we did like there was you know a +06inwHyT7l0-00250-00059625-00059913 lot of 80s movies there's like the the +06inwHyT7l0-00251-00059913-00060254 male protagonist stuff shows up the the +06inwHyT7l0-00252-00060282-00060450 antagonists in a big scene where +06inwHyT7l0-00253-00060450-00060675 everyone's ends up cheering for the +06inwHyT7l0-00254-00060675-00060891 protagonist by the end of it. Well, we did +06inwHyT7l0-00255-00060891-00061152 one of those but like the what you forgot, +06inwHyT7l0-00256-00061154-00061304 because I have we haven't said this on the +06inwHyT7l0-00257-00061304-00061536 show. But the main scene framing is the +06inwHyT7l0-00258-00061536-00061730 ritual for that is that one person says +06inwHyT7l0-00259-00061746-00061991 remember when and then sets the scene. And +06inwHyT7l0-00260-00061991-00062163 the other player says, But you forgot +06inwHyT7l0-00261-00062163-00062382 about and sets the scene. So what the way +06inwHyT7l0-00262-00062382-00062516 we treated that was the boat but you +06inwHyT7l0-00263-00062516-00062721 forgot about so we're basically all like, +06inwHyT7l0-00264-00062763-00062952 like, in this case, you forgot about how +06inwHyT7l0-00265-00062954-00063144 when that thing was happening. That was so +06inwHyT7l0-00266-00063144-00063327 great that everybody was cheering for, +06inwHyT7l0-00267-00063351-00063566 like you left me behind, or you hurt me in +06inwHyT7l0-00268-00063566-00063759 some way. So we're kind of playing in the +06inwHyT7l0-00269-00063759-00063951 margins of the 80s rom com store and then +06inwHyT7l0-00270-00063951-00064158 without the mistresses, like what was so +06inwHyT7l0-00271-00064158-00064602 fun about that was it was like the it was +06inwHyT7l0-00272-00064602-00064884 like scenes that were part of the anime +06inwHyT7l0-00273-00064884-00065061 season for the alchemist versus +06inwHyT7l0-00274-00065061-00065340 characters. And so like we did, we had +06inwHyT7l0-00275-00065340-00065724 combat in broken like we had, like magical +06inwHyT7l0-00276-00065724-00066015 girl combat in that game, which I just I +06inwHyT7l0-00277-00066015-00066531 never expected to have that. Yeah, so it +06inwHyT7l0-00278-00066531-00066744 was just a really fun way to play it. +06inwHyT7l0-00279-00066777-00066876 Amelia Antrim: Well, I had to put a link +06inwHyT7l0-00280-00066876-00067134 to that in our show notes too. Because we +06inwHyT7l0-00281-00067134-00067329 had so much fun with Alchemist versus and +06inwHyT7l0-00282-00067329-00067503 with the complicated relation stuff and +06inwHyT7l0-00283-00067512-00067695 relationship stuff happening in there. +06inwHyT7l0-00284-00067695-00068037 It's so good. It's so good. And you know, +06inwHyT7l0-00285-00068037-00068187 I know something that our audience +06inwHyT7l0-00286-00068187-00068454 enjoyed. Yeah, and I love this game. Like +06inwHyT7l0-00287-00068454-00068655 I just like the mashup of the two like it +06inwHyT7l0-00288-00068655-00068874 just like that's too many feelings to +06inwHyT7l0-00289-00068874-00069450 feel. I'm no expert. So I'm sure it's +06inwHyT7l0-00290-00069456-00069699 it'll be okay. It'll be fine. What could +06inwHyT7l0-00291-00069699-00070335 possibly go wrong, right? Well, too many +06inwHyT7l0-00292-00070335-00070410 feelings. Yeah. +06inwHyT7l0-00293-00070539-00070635 Ryan Boelter: Well, you've got my mind +06inwHyT7l0-00294-00070635-00070821 reeling with ideas for characters for this +06inwHyT7l0-00295-00070821-00071172 game right now. Before we can, before we +06inwHyT7l0-00296-00071172-00071556 can dive in to more that we need to find +06inwHyT7l0-00297-00071556-00071799 out like what sort of materials do we need +06inwHyT7l0-00298-00071799-00071958 to play a game of broken? +06inwHyT7l0-00299-00072063-00072186 Ben Wallis: Yeah, so there's two +06inwHyT7l0-00300-00072186-00072489 fundamental ways to play the game. And for +06inwHyT7l0-00301-00072492-00072702 for both of them, you need like index +06inwHyT7l0-00302-00072702-00072954 cards you need, you need a total of 12 +06inwHyT7l0-00303-00072954-00073185 index cards, five for each player +06inwHyT7l0-00304-00073185-00073356 character. And you can use like, I've used +06inwHyT7l0-00305-00073356-00073614 all kinds of stuff, scraps of paper, stuff +06inwHyT7l0-00306-00073614-00073866 like that to play, but basically, six +06inwHyT7l0-00307-00073866-00074202 index cards, five for each person to write +06inwHyT7l0-00308-00074202-00074460 their traits down a one just kind of write +06inwHyT7l0-00309-00074460-00074697 a simple character description. And then +06inwHyT7l0-00310-00074697-00074943 you need to get objects because it's an +06inwHyT7l0-00311-00074943-00075285 artifact based game. So one way to play +06inwHyT7l0-00312-00075285-00075417 the kind of, I don't know if I want to +06inwHyT7l0-00313-00075417-00075579 call it the core way to play or not. But +06inwHyT7l0-00314-00075579-00075858 one way to play is to find and gather 10 +06inwHyT7l0-00315-00075861-00076131 physical real life objects that you will +06inwHyT7l0-00316-00076131-00076329 then break over the course of the scenes. +06inwHyT7l0-00317-00076368-00076668 So sometimes people bring five each, +06inwHyT7l0-00318-00076689-00076947 sometimes one person brings all 10 +06inwHyT7l0-00319-00076962-00077145 Sometimes people go to a thrift store +06inwHyT7l0-00320-00077145-00077478 together, and by all objects. That sounds +06inwHyT7l0-00321-00077478-00077727 fun is my favorite way to play the game. +06inwHyT7l0-00322-00077727-00077931 It's an absolutely, we play this +06inwHyT7l0-00323-00077931-00078024 Amelia Antrim: one. This is how that would +06inwHyT7l0-00324-00078024-00078162 be how I would want to do I think +06inwHyT7l0-00325-00078161-00078251 Ryan Boelter: that sounds fun. Yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-00326-00078251-00078554 absolutely. We're not gonna bring in the +06inwHyT7l0-00327-00078557-00078896 the TV or no stereo. +06inwHyT7l0-00328-00079125-00079227 Amelia Antrim: And just grab stuff from +06inwHyT7l0-00329-00079227-00079311 around your house. +06inwHyT7l0-00330-00079437-00079587 Ben Wallis: Well, you know, I have done +06inwHyT7l0-00331-00079587-00079794 that to sofa. And sometimes, hey, +06inwHyT7l0-00332-00079794-00079920 sometimes it's a good way to clear out +06inwHyT7l0-00333-00079920-00080049 stuff. You don't want to have any more +06inwHyT7l0-00334-00080049-00080229 around your house. But the other way to +06inwHyT7l0-00335-00080229-00080382 play and oh, I don't have that with me. +06inwHyT7l0-00336-00080406-00080595 Not that this is a video medium because +06inwHyT7l0-00337-00080595-00080811 it's not. But one other way to play is you +06inwHyT7l0-00338-00080811-00081057 can have popsicle sticks. And you can +06inwHyT7l0-00339-00081057-00081273 create your 10 objects by writing them on +06inwHyT7l0-00340-00081273-00081396 the popsicle sticks. They're really +06inwHyT7l0-00341-00081396-00081594 convenient, easy to find. And then they +06inwHyT7l0-00342-00081630-00081810 break really easily they snapped I found +06inwHyT7l0-00343-00081810-00082041 that they're like, just such an really +06inwHyT7l0-00344-00082041-00082182 great way to play because it gives you a +06inwHyT7l0-00345-00082182-00082329 really good snap when you snap them in +06inwHyT7l0-00346-00082329-00082677 half. Really? Cool. Yeah. Yeah. Oh, and +06inwHyT7l0-00347-00082677-00082908 you need a device to record a voicemail +06inwHyT7l0-00348-00082908-00083148 memo. Because one of the things you do in +06inwHyT7l0-00349-00083148-00083304 the game is record a message for the other +06inwHyT7l0-00350-00083304-00083352 person. +06inwHyT7l0-00351-00083397-00083517 Ryan Boelter: Yeah, that's, that's very +06inwHyT7l0-00352-00083517-00083880 cool. Like, I was reading through that +06inwHyT7l0-00353-00083880-00084066 mechanic earlier, and I was like, oh, +06inwHyT7l0-00354-00084066-00084246 that's, that's brilliant. +06inwHyT7l0-00355-00084261-00084417 Amelia Antrim: I should find the note that +06inwHyT7l0-00356-00084417-00084693 I wrote on that mechanic. I believe it +06inwHyT7l0-00357-00084732-00084948 amounted something to just like, Oh, my +06inwHyT7l0-00358-00084948-00085545 God, Ben, why? When I was making comments +06inwHyT7l0-00359-00085545-00085971 on these things, yeah, yeah. Yep. That's +06inwHyT7l0-00360-00085995-00086199 just Oh, my God, Ben. Why No. +06inwHyT7l0-00361-00086241-00086349 Ben Wallis: Well, you tell me when you +06inwHyT7l0-00362-00086349-00086493 want me to talk about why we could talk +06inwHyT7l0-00363-00086493-00086571 about it because? +06inwHyT7l0-00364-00086736-00086931 Amelia Antrim: Well, our next question +06inwHyT7l0-00365-00086931-00087051 here, we can kind of start getting into +06inwHyT7l0-00366-00087051-00087339 some of this stuff. This game is a little +06inwHyT7l0-00367-00087339-00087582 bit different from most games. Yeah, there +06inwHyT7l0-00368-00087582-00087849 isn't just a straight character creation. +06inwHyT7l0-00369-00087933-00088194 But it also plays really differently. So +06inwHyT7l0-00370-00088194-00088362 can you just give us kind of a quick +06inwHyT7l0-00371-00088362-00088665 rundown to start maybe, of just how this +06inwHyT7l0-00372-00088665-00089025 game works, and how character creation +06inwHyT7l0-00373-00089028-00089283 especially works in this in this system? +06inwHyT7l0-00374-00089298-00089493 Ben Wallis: Absolutely. So basically, you +06inwHyT7l0-00375-00089493-00089637 decide the two people are gonna play the +06inwHyT7l0-00376-00089637-00089856 game decide together what kind of scenario +06inwHyT7l0-00377-00089856-00090018 they want to play in what kind of +06inwHyT7l0-00378-00090018-00090234 relationship story, they want to tell what +06inwHyT7l0-00379-00090234-00090429 types of characters they want to make. So +06inwHyT7l0-00380-00090429-00090681 you might do that by collecting the 10 +06inwHyT7l0-00381-00090681-00090846 objects first and then being inspired by +06inwHyT7l0-00382-00090846-00091128 them. Or you might decide beforehand and +06inwHyT7l0-00383-00091128-00091281 then collect and make the objects based on +06inwHyT7l0-00384-00091281-00091413 that it's kind of up to the players how +06inwHyT7l0-00385-00091413-00091614 they want to approach that, for like, over +06inwHyT7l0-00386-00091614-00091941 the weekend, I recorded a game with my +06inwHyT7l0-00387-00091941-00092115 wife that we're going to put on pot of +06inwHyT7l0-00388-00092115-00092379 love as an actual play of the game. I'm +06inwHyT7l0-00389-00092379-00092613 actually sitting here right now surrounded +06inwHyT7l0-00390-00092613-00092748 by the objects we got from the thrift +06inwHyT7l0-00391-00092748-00093060 store for that. And so like, we based that +06inwHyT7l0-00392-00093060-00093291 game, off of the objects that we found, +06inwHyT7l0-00393-00093291-00093498 and so we like, for example, we got a tiny +06inwHyT7l0-00394-00093498-00093783 violin, that is actually a musical box +06inwHyT7l0-00395-00093783-00093975 that plays My Heart Will Go On from +06inwHyT7l0-00396-00093978-00094335 Titanic. Which is I think, the ultimate +06inwHyT7l0-00397-00094338-00094575 broken object, like I mean, when I say +06inwHyT7l0-00398-00094575-00094857 that, that's like, perfectly, I don't know +06inwHyT7l0-00399-00094857-00095058 that will ever top that objects for +06inwHyT7l0-00400-00095058-00095115 breaking kind +06inwHyT7l0-00401-00095115-00095184 Amelia Antrim: of like sad that you're +06inwHyT7l0-00402-00095184-00095265 gonna like break it. +06inwHyT7l0-00403-00095343-00095658 Ben Wallis: It's here it is a it is a tiny +06inwHyT7l0-00404-00095658-00095751 broken violin, +06inwHyT7l0-00405-00095871-00095979 Amelia Antrim: tiniest violin. +06inwHyT7l0-00406-00096126-00096279 Ben Wallis: So please, my Harco will go +06inwHyT7l0-00407-00096279-00096516 on, which is kind of the best part, like, +06inwHyT7l0-00408-00096653-00096836 Amelia Antrim: plays it. That's even more. +06inwHyT7l0-00409-00096930-00097026 Ben Wallis: It really is. +06inwHyT7l0-00410-00097026-00097152 Amelia Antrim: So it's Heart Will Go On +06inwHyT7l0-00411-00097152-00097434 little violin, do it. Yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-00412-00097461-00097701 Ben Wallis: exactly. So so once you've +06inwHyT7l0-00413-00097701-00097839 decided to like what your scenario is +06inwHyT7l0-00414-00097839-00098091 going to be, what you do is you decide, +06inwHyT7l0-00415-00098091-00098217 okay, we're just going to play this kind +06inwHyT7l0-00416-00098217-00098394 of character, you take a few minutes to +06inwHyT7l0-00417-00098421-00098724 write down a few sentences about your +06inwHyT7l0-00418-00098724-00098937 character and a name on one of the index +06inwHyT7l0-00419-00098937-00099126 cards that you set aside. So you like +06inwHyT7l0-00420-00099156-00099363 basically what the camera would see as its +06inwHyT7l0-00421-00099363-00099549 panning over them on like a TV show or +06inwHyT7l0-00422-00099549-00099888 movie, essentially. And then you take, +06inwHyT7l0-00423-00099891-00100035 what you do then is you take the five +06inwHyT7l0-00424-00100035-00100263 index cards, or you tell each other what +06inwHyT7l0-00425-00100263-00100416 you wrote down first. So you kind of have +06inwHyT7l0-00426-00100416-00100548 an idea of what the other person is +06inwHyT7l0-00427-00100548-00100773 playing. Then you take your five index +06inwHyT7l0-00428-00100773-00101019 cards, and you create five traits. But +06inwHyT7l0-00429-00101019-00101127 these are kind of different than a lot of +06inwHyT7l0-00430-00101127-00101352 other games. Because what they really are, +06inwHyT7l0-00431-00101361-00101715 are things that you like, like or love or +06inwHyT7l0-00432-00101715-00102045 are attracted to about the other person, +06inwHyT7l0-00433-00102069-00102300 or things that you like about being in a +06inwHyT7l0-00434-00102300-00102513 relationship with them. And they're from +06inwHyT7l0-00435-00102513-00102723 your character's perspective. So that +06inwHyT7l0-00436-00102723-00102935 means that they're, they're subjective, +06inwHyT7l0-00437-00102942-00103155 they're not objective. So like, for +06inwHyT7l0-00438-00103155-00103395 example, the one example that I use in the +06inwHyT7l0-00439-00103395-00103539 book, because we just came from a real +06inwHyT7l0-00440-00103539-00104049 game is that I might write down that, if +06inwHyT7l0-00441-00104049-00104190 you don't mind me, using your name, Brian, +06inwHyT7l0-00442-00104220-00104475 I might write down that Ryan likes to be +06inwHyT7l0-00443-00104475-00104799 teased on as one of my things, that's from +06inwHyT7l0-00444-00104799-00105000 my characters perspective, Ryan might +06inwHyT7l0-00445-00105000-00105168 really hate being teased, which is +06inwHyT7l0-00446-00105168-00105315 probably where the tension of the game +06inwHyT7l0-00447-00105315-00105576 will come from. But that is what my +06inwHyT7l0-00448-00105576-00105729 character likes about being in a +06inwHyT7l0-00449-00105729-00105897 relationship with Ryan or I might just +06inwHyT7l0-00450-00105897-00106176 say, someone's, you know, beautiful +06inwHyT7l0-00451-00106191-00106371 tentacles or whatever, depending on the +06inwHyT7l0-00452-00106371-00106629 kind of characters. And then those end up +06inwHyT7l0-00453-00106629-00106815 being things that you become disillusioned +06inwHyT7l0-00454-00106815-00107076 with over the course of the game. So the +06inwHyT7l0-00455-00107076-00107469 game is a ritual, every scene you somebody +06inwHyT7l0-00456-00107472-00107684 to do take turns, someone picks an object, +06inwHyT7l0-00457-00107688-00108021 it's just meant to be a space, a prompt, +06inwHyT7l0-00458-00108059-00108321 an inspiration for setting the scene, if +06inwHyT7l0-00459-00108321-00108509 you had a record, you might do a scene +06inwHyT7l0-00460-00108509-00108813 based around music or dancing, or a record +06inwHyT7l0-00461-00108813-00108999 store. I mean, it's completely up to you. +06inwHyT7l0-00462-00109020-00109160 But it's just sort of you pick up an +06inwHyT7l0-00463-00109160-00109455 object, you to help inspire you for a +06inwHyT7l0-00464-00109455-00109707 scene. And then the person who has the +06inwHyT7l0-00465-00109707-00110070 object starts by saying remember when and +06inwHyT7l0-00466-00110070-00110352 then describes, essentially what the scene +06inwHyT7l0-00467-00110352-00110561 is. And then the other person adds a twist +06inwHyT7l0-00468-00110561-00110781 or complication by saying, but you forgot +06inwHyT7l0-00469-00110781-00111180 about. And then they add that twist or +06inwHyT7l0-00470-00111180-00111468 complication. And there. Yeah, so I +06inwHyT7l0-00471-00111471-00111666 Amelia Antrim: really loved that part of +06inwHyT7l0-00472-00111666-00111809 it when I was reading through it, because +06inwHyT7l0-00473-00111809-00112293 I think it gives people a chance to learn +06inwHyT7l0-00474-00112293-00112533 and understand empathy in a breakup in a +06inwHyT7l0-00475-00112533-00112767 way that we don't always get to when we're +06inwHyT7l0-00476-00112767-00113007 right in the middle of it. Right. I mean, +06inwHyT7l0-00477-00113007-00113289 even that example of like, I liked that +06inwHyT7l0-00478-00113289-00113534 Ryan loves to be teased. Yeah, Ryan might +06inwHyT7l0-00479-00113534-00113793 not really actually like to be teased. The +06inwHyT7l0-00480-00113793-00114030 idea that we see a breakup only from our +06inwHyT7l0-00481-00114030-00114252 own perspective, and that might not be the +06inwHyT7l0-00482-00114252-00114468 only truth that there is exactly, there's +06inwHyT7l0-00483-00114468-00114683 something kind of in the middle. And I +06inwHyT7l0-00484-00114683-00114876 love when role playing games give us the +06inwHyT7l0-00485-00114876-00115098 opportunities to learn things like empathy +06inwHyT7l0-00486-00115098-00115326 and compassion. Yeah, and sort of a safe +06inwHyT7l0-00487-00115326-00115569 space. And this game plays with those +06inwHyT7l0-00488-00115569-00115833 kinds of things a lot with that, like, I +06inwHyT7l0-00489-00115833-00116082 remember it this way. But you know what, +06inwHyT7l0-00490-00116082-00116295 you also forgot that there was this whole +06inwHyT7l0-00491-00116295-00116574 other part of it that like I associate +06inwHyT7l0-00492-00116574-00116718 with that situation that you don't even +06inwHyT7l0-00493-00116718-00116997 recall. Yeah, and it's really cool and +06inwHyT7l0-00494-00116997-00117260 it's really deep. And the way that you've +06inwHyT7l0-00495-00117260-00117579 done it is like it's so quick that like +06inwHyT7l0-00496-00117582-00117858 you don't realize it's happening it's just +06inwHyT7l0-00497-00117858-00118095 it's very smart. Very smart. Thank +06inwHyT7l0-00498-00118095-00118221 Ben Wallis: you. Yeah, I really wanted it +06inwHyT7l0-00499-00118221-00118464 to so I work with a lot of people going +06inwHyT7l0-00500-00118464-00118661 through relationship struggles and I'm a +06inwHyT7l0-00501-00118661-00118881 product of divorce myself are I product is +06inwHyT7l0-00502-00118881-00119124 a weird way to phrase that but what's a +06inwHyT7l0-00503-00119124-00119433 real difficult survivor? Oh, there you go. +06inwHyT7l0-00504-00119459-00119619 I see. The reason why I said that is +06inwHyT7l0-00505-00119619-00119871 because I like try not to use that phrase +06inwHyT7l0-00506-00119874-00120110 because it just feels is a little bit more +06inwHyT7l0-00507-00120110-00120288 than I want to say about it, especially +06inwHyT7l0-00508-00120288-00120501 for my ex. Like, I don't want to make me +06inwHyT7l0-00509-00120501-00120675 feel like I'm seeing my ex as a killer. +06inwHyT7l0-00510-00120860-00120914 Amelia Antrim: Or you feel that way +06inwHyT7l0-00511-00120914-00121088 sometimes, too. Yeah, when I say that, +06inwHyT7l0-00512-00121088-00121196 because it's like, okay, it's like really +06inwHyT7l0-00513-00121196-00121373 not like the worst person. Like, I just +06inwHyT7l0-00514-00121373-00121823 saw him yesterday. He's fine. You know, +06inwHyT7l0-00515-00121826-00121967 but like, Yeah, I mean, you did you +06inwHyT7l0-00516-00121967-00122156 survived. You live through the divorce. +06inwHyT7l0-00517-00122156-00122345 Like, even if you didn't necessarily need +06inwHyT7l0-00518-00122345-00122489 to live through the person. You live +06inwHyT7l0-00519-00122489-00122582 through the process. +06inwHyT7l0-00520-00122585-00122765 Ben Wallis: Yeah. Yeah. So I really wanted +06inwHyT7l0-00521-00122765-00123008 it to, I really wanted to explore those +06inwHyT7l0-00522-00123008-00123413 themes you just described. Yeah, I think I +06inwHyT7l0-00523-00123413-00123746 had a I think I lost my actual train of +06inwHyT7l0-00524-00123746-00123887 thought. But no, no, you're fine. It +06inwHyT7l0-00525-00123887-00124265 wasn't trust me as me, not you. But yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-00526-00124265-00124442 so that was intentional, like wanting Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-00527-00124454-00124721 so not yes. And not seeing things the same +06inwHyT7l0-00528-00124721-00124856 way. looking back and seeing it +06inwHyT7l0-00529-00124856-00125018 differently. All that stuff was really +06inwHyT7l0-00530-00125018-00125402 core to what I wanted to, you know, have +06inwHyT7l0-00531-00125402-00125618 the game explore because of the fact that +06inwHyT7l0-00532-00125618-00126002 those are, I wanted people to be able to +06inwHyT7l0-00533-00126002-00126275 process, those very real things that +06inwHyT7l0-00534-00126275-00126407 happen when you go through a breakup that +06inwHyT7l0-00535-00126407-00126557 you that, you know, and I wanted the game +06inwHyT7l0-00536-00126557-00126719 to reflect that. And I want to care, I +06inwHyT7l0-00537-00126719-00126902 wanted characters and character creation +06inwHyT7l0-00538-00126902-00127163 to reflect that a lot, too, which is why +06inwHyT7l0-00539-00127169-00127379 the character efficient is so intentional. +06inwHyT7l0-00540-00127428-00127559 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, I think those are +06inwHyT7l0-00541-00127559-00127842 things that you just in a relationship, +06inwHyT7l0-00542-00127842-00128055 you're just too close to it to really do. +06inwHyT7l0-00543-00128055-00128325 And even once you're so far removed from +06inwHyT7l0-00544-00128325-00128478 it, you don't have like the strength of +06inwHyT7l0-00545-00128478-00128706 memory necessarily to do that kind of +06inwHyT7l0-00546-00128706-00128919 work. And so I really appreciate that this +06inwHyT7l0-00547-00128919-00129123 kind of gives you the space to do some of +06inwHyT7l0-00548-00129123-00129297 that work, even if it's not directly +06inwHyT7l0-00549-00129297-00129627 related to your own trauma or breakup, or +06inwHyT7l0-00550-00129630-00129945 however you want to word it. Yeah. But it +06inwHyT7l0-00551-00129945-00130146 still gives you the chance to sort of +06inwHyT7l0-00552-00130146-00130344 stretch some of those empathy muscles. +06inwHyT7l0-00553-00130347-00130433 Yeah. Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-00554-00130433-00130524 Ben Wallis: I remember what I was gonna +06inwHyT7l0-00555-00130524-00130746 say. Yeah, I really wanted to, you were +06inwHyT7l0-00556-00130746-00131091 just reminded me, I wanted to layer those +06inwHyT7l0-00557-00131100-00131352 things like the ability to learn that or +06inwHyT7l0-00558-00131352-00131622 think about those things or, or experience +06inwHyT7l0-00559-00131625-00131841 like some empathy development. I wanted to +06inwHyT7l0-00560-00131841-00132027 layer that into the game, so that it just +06inwHyT7l0-00561-00132027-00132192 kind of happened very quickly and +06inwHyT7l0-00562-00132192-00132507 seamlessly, without being hopefully too +06inwHyT7l0-00563-00132507-00132621 heavy handed. At least that's what I +06inwHyT7l0-00564-00132621-00132753 wanted to do. So yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-00565-00132756-00132843 Amelia Antrim: there's no part in there +06inwHyT7l0-00566-00132843-00132981 where you're like, and now it's time to +06inwHyT7l0-00567-00132981-00133131 learn the lesson that you should have +06inwHyT7l0-00568-00133131-00133374 learned. Like, yeah, like, there's no +06inwHyT7l0-00569-00133374-00133581 feeling like that of like, I'm sitting +06inwHyT7l0-00570-00133581-00133767 down to do this, because I need to learn, +06inwHyT7l0-00571-00133800-00134034 you know, it just feels like it came very +06inwHyT7l0-00572-00134034-00134256 now I was I like, honestly was shocked at +06inwHyT7l0-00573-00134256-00134469 like how seamlessly it seems to just sort +06inwHyT7l0-00574-00134469-00134748 of fit in there. Thank you. I'm really +06inwHyT7l0-00575-00134748-00134991 excited about this. Like, I'm really, +06inwHyT7l0-00576-00135021-00135048 like, +06inwHyT7l0-00577-00135216-00135396 Ben Wallis: I feel like I from hearing +06inwHyT7l0-00578-00135396-00135522 other people read the book and play the +06inwHyT7l0-00579-00135522-00135741 game. I feel like I met my design goals, +06inwHyT7l0-00580-00135741-00135882 which is always a really good feeling when +06inwHyT7l0-00581-00135882-00136092 you're trying to design something that you +06inwHyT7l0-00582-00136092-00136242 believe in very much like I believe, +06inwHyT7l0-00583-00136242-00136275 right? +06inwHyT7l0-00584-00136278-00136413 Amelia Antrim: Well, and something that +06inwHyT7l0-00585-00136413-00136578 sounds like it's so close to you +06inwHyT7l0-00586-00136578-00136674 personally to +06inwHyT7l0-00587-00136680-00136755 Ben Wallis: goodness, yes. +06inwHyT7l0-00588-00136968-00137088 Amelia Antrim: It's hard. It's hard. It's +06inwHyT7l0-00589-00137088-00137310 like the closer you are, the more you want +06inwHyT7l0-00590-00137310-00137559 it to be a thing that exists in the world, +06inwHyT7l0-00591-00137559-00137937 but the harder it is to do. Exactly. So. +06inwHyT7l0-00592-00137991-00138231 Ryan Boelter: Ah, well, I am very excited +06inwHyT7l0-00593-00138231-00138537 to get to, like trying out the character +06inwHyT7l0-00594-00138537-00138897 creation in this. Yeah. And it's two +06inwHyT7l0-00595-00138897-00139164 characters for each scenario, right. So +06inwHyT7l0-00596-00139194-00139572 I'm wondering if if we're all Okay, can we +06inwHyT7l0-00597-00139572-00139821 create three pairs? +06inwHyT7l0-00598-00139866-00140061 Amelia Antrim: Do we have time? Time? Is +06inwHyT7l0-00599-00140061-00140115 it faster? +06inwHyT7l0-00600-00140193-00140316 Ben Wallis: I think so. I mean, it's +06inwHyT7l0-00601-00140316-00140490 probably depends on how much it probably +06inwHyT7l0-00602-00140490-00140652 depends on the way. +06inwHyT7l0-00603-00140763-00140934 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, but yeah, it's more, +06inwHyT7l0-00604-00140937-00141063 you know, like, I don't know if you have +06inwHyT7l0-00605-00141063-00141216 dinner to do or whatever. +06inwHyT7l0-00606-00141219-00141381 Ben Wallis: I'm personally good to go. +06inwHyT7l0-00607-00141423-00141486 Okay. Yeah. +06inwHyT7l0-00608-00141584-00141662 Amelia Antrim: Let's do it. +06inwHyT7l0-00609-00141693-00141882 Ryan Boelter: Wonderful. Let's let's make +06inwHyT7l0-00610-00141918-00142116 Amelia Antrim: a popsicle sticks. But I do +06inwHyT7l0-00611-00142116-00142224 have index cards. +06inwHyT7l0-00612-00142422-00142659 Ryan Boelter: Let's make some people. All +06inwHyT7l0-00613-00142659-00142986 I have is my notepad plus plus +06inwHyT7l0-00614-00143001-00143271 Amelia Antrim: notepad plus plus. Say that +06inwHyT7l0-00615-00143271-00143421 why can't you just say notepad? +06inwHyT7l0-00616-00143436-00143601 Ryan Boelter: Because it's not notepad? +06inwHyT7l0-00617-00143604-00144015 It's notepad plus plus. Okay, it's Notepad +06inwHyT7l0-00618-00144060-00144456 plus one. That's because plus plus is +06inwHyT7l0-00619-00144459-00144741 programmer speak for add one to the +06inwHyT7l0-00620-00144741-00144885 previous. Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-00621-00145038-00145281 Amelia Antrim: I have just a button and +06inwHyT7l0-00622-00145281-00145296 Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-00623-00145302-00145455 Ben Wallis: that's awesome. See, I'm not +06inwHyT7l0-00624-00145455-00145650 mom have stuff on him, I think but so for +06inwHyT7l0-00625-00145650-00145794 the purposes of this, I'm just going to +06inwHyT7l0-00626-00145794-00145998 use a, a Google spreadsheet actually +06inwHyT7l0-00627-00145998-00146121 aren't a spreadsheet even but like just a +06inwHyT7l0-00628-00146121-00146466 Google doc honestly just for for doing for +06inwHyT7l0-00629-00146466-00146817 doing this podcast. It's, you know, so +06inwHyT7l0-00630-00146832-00147060 Amelia Antrim: easy peasy. Yeah, we +06inwHyT7l0-00631-00147060-00147186 probably could all like be in the same +06inwHyT7l0-00632-00147186-00147303 one. And then we could see what we were +06inwHyT7l0-00633-00147303-00147591 doing maybe or I could just write my note +06inwHyT7l0-00634-00147591-00147732 cards because I like written on note cards +06inwHyT7l0-00635-00147750-00147903 can go either way. +06inwHyT7l0-00636-00147969-00148293 Ryan Boelter: All right. So who wants to +06inwHyT7l0-00637-00148293-00148707 start first and how should Amelia and I go +06inwHyT7l0-00638-00148707-00148752 through +06inwHyT7l0-00639-00148752-00148890 Amelia Antrim: to walk us through how to +06inwHyT7l0-00640-00148890-00148908 do +06inwHyT7l0-00641-00148908-00149037 Ben Wallis: it without a doubt? I would +06inwHyT7l0-00642-00149037-00149373 love to do that. So So I so this is what I +06inwHyT7l0-00643-00149400-00149805 will say just sort of decide. Here's where +06inwHyT7l0-00644-00149805-00150090 I think we find this So whether you want +06inwHyT7l0-00645-00150090-00150420 to be inspired by 10 objects, or whether +06inwHyT7l0-00646-00150420-00150819 you want to create the scenario first, and +06inwHyT7l0-00647-00150819-00151131 then you can just kind of write down five, +06inwHyT7l0-00648-00151155-00151362 like, so either you'll either way you'll +06inwHyT7l0-00649-00151362-00151566 write five objects each, but you can +06inwHyT7l0-00650-00151566-00151692 decide whether you want to write the +06inwHyT7l0-00651-00151692-00151983 objects before or after you decide on this +06inwHyT7l0-00652-00151983-00152115 scenario. What do +06inwHyT7l0-00653-00152115-00152424 Ryan Boelter: you think? So I went, I had +06inwHyT7l0-00654-00152424-00152742 a very specific scenario in mind, and I +06inwHyT7l0-00655-00152742-00152817 don't mind is it +06inwHyT7l0-00656-00152817-00152874 Amelia Antrim: magical girls? +06inwHyT7l0-00657-00152874-00152958 necromancers? +06inwHyT7l0-00658-00152967-00153405 Ryan Boelter: I believe no. But why are we +06inwHyT7l0-00659-00153405-00153600 here? We could do magical girls +06inwHyT7l0-00660-00153600-00153753 necromancer sort of this and then I can +06inwHyT7l0-00661-00153753-00154113 save this one for Ben. If we want. Should +06inwHyT7l0-00662-00154113-00154236 I throw my idea? Yeah, let +06inwHyT7l0-00663-00154236-00154332 Amelia Antrim: me hear your idea. And then +06inwHyT7l0-00664-00154332-00154494 I can I can yes or no it. +06inwHyT7l0-00665-00154518-00154728 Ryan Boelter: So in my Highlander game, +06inwHyT7l0-00666-00154731-00154953 our final gathering the dreaded +06inwHyT7l0-00667-00154953-00155277 reflections of the immortal soul. There is +06inwHyT7l0-00668-00155277-00155703 a character archetype. I believe it's the +06inwHyT7l0-00669-00155703-00156012 love interest. And part of the love +06inwHyT7l0-00670-00156012-00156378 interests story in the game is you were +06inwHyT7l0-00671-00156378-00156753 once in love with reciprocally +06inwHyT7l0-00672-00156768-00157056 reciprocating the, with another character +06inwHyT7l0-00673-00157116-00157515 at the at the table. So and then you broke +06inwHyT7l0-00674-00157515-00157941 up eventually. Yeah, but Highlander being +06inwHyT7l0-00675-00157944-00158196 you're playing immortals. That breakup +06inwHyT7l0-00676-00158196-00158496 could have spanned decades. Oh, that's so +06inwHyT7l0-00677-00158496-00158550 cool. +06inwHyT7l0-00678-00158598-00158742 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, I think maybe the you +06inwHyT7l0-00679-00158742-00158895 should save this for Ben, because Ben +06inwHyT7l0-00680-00158895-00159237 understands any of these reference. Ever +06inwHyT7l0-00681-00159237-00159552 seen a Highlander movie? Yeah. Or? No, +06inwHyT7l0-00682-00159552-00159852 that's so I'm pretty big. So yeah, the +06inwHyT7l0-00683-00159855-00160164 target audience. Okay. Very, very much. +06inwHyT7l0-00684-00160587-00160635 Okay. +06inwHyT7l0-00685-00160674-00160761 Ryan Boelter: All right. So let's move +06inwHyT7l0-00686-00160761-00161241 into our nonsense then. All right. You'll +06inwHyT7l0-00687-00161241-00161517 be magical. All right. Yeah. No. +06inwHyT7l0-00688-00161784-00161883 Amelia Antrim: That may be too much. +06inwHyT7l0-00689-00161946-00162105 Ryan's like I can't play a necromancer +06inwHyT7l0-00690-00162105-00162276 convincingly. Okay, +06inwHyT7l0-00691-00162314-00162488 Ben Wallis: so then then what I would say +06inwHyT7l0-00692-00162491-00162800 is, just like, each of you come up with +06inwHyT7l0-00693-00162800-00163328 five objects, and a name and description +06inwHyT7l0-00694-00163331-00163673 for your character. And then you can kind +06inwHyT7l0-00695-00163673-00163868 of decide a little bit like about the +06inwHyT7l0-00696-00163868-00164066 scenario, like, you know, are we already +06inwHyT7l0-00697-00164066-00164252 together to start a game? how long those +06inwHyT7l0-00698-00164252-00164453 kinds of details, and then you could do +06inwHyT7l0-00699-00164453-00164645 traits? Okay. Oh, wonderful. +06inwHyT7l0-00700-00164663-00164783 Amelia Antrim: So let's think of some +06inwHyT7l0-00701-00164786-00165176 objects here. Okay, I know my pens like +06inwHyT7l0-00702-00165176-00165431 out of ink. I think while I refill my them +06inwHyT7l0-00703-00165488-00165566 great audio, +06inwHyT7l0-00704-00165612-00165714 Ben Wallis: it certainly makes the whole +06inwHyT7l0-00705-00165714-00165957 process a lot faster. When you do it, the +06inwHyT7l0-00706-00165981-00166212 writing objects down on popsicle sticks +06inwHyT7l0-00707-00166212-00166449 way versus having to collect physical +06inwHyT7l0-00708-00166449-00166692 objects. It makes it a faster process for +06inwHyT7l0-00709-00166692-00166992 a quick game. It also just is a very +06inwHyT7l0-00710-00166995-00167178 different process because +06inwHyT7l0-00711-00167202-00167289 Amelia Antrim: it feels different. Like I +06inwHyT7l0-00712-00167289-00167448 feel like you're just not attached to the +06inwHyT7l0-00713-00167448-00167544 thing the same way. +06inwHyT7l0-00714-00167571-00167718 Ben Wallis: Well, yeah, that's an +06inwHyT7l0-00715-00167718-00168003 interesting point. Because I wonder about +06inwHyT7l0-00716-00168003-00168261 that. I have seen some people pretty +06inwHyT7l0-00717-00168342-00168639 emotional about a non existent +06inwHyT7l0-00718-00168686-00168833 Amelia Antrim: physical object motion of +06inwHyT7l0-00719-00168833-00168983 about that popsicle stick. Yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-00720-00168987-00169104 Ben Wallis: because of what it means it +06inwHyT7l0-00721-00169104-00169278 represents interesting how we put meaning +06inwHyT7l0-00722-00169278-00169617 into things. Yeah, but the meta nature of +06inwHyT7l0-00723-00169617-00169854 finding and gathering objects is also just +06inwHyT7l0-00724-00169854-00169971 a very special thing to do. +06inwHyT7l0-00725-00170019-00170112 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, Ryan and I keep +06inwHyT7l0-00726-00170112-00170250 talking about trying to find some time to +06inwHyT7l0-00727-00170250-00170418 get together because we're really not that +06inwHyT7l0-00728-00170418-00170634 we've, you know, been together in person +06inwHyT7l0-00729-00170634-00170799 like all three times. Yeah, we live an +06inwHyT7l0-00730-00170799-00171066 hour and a half apart. Right. Now he's got +06inwHyT7l0-00731-00171066-00171237 his little podcast studio, so I think it'd +06inwHyT7l0-00732-00171237-00171429 be fun to go find a little thrift shop in +06inwHyT7l0-00733-00171432-00171714 Appleton and go. Oh, absolutely. Stefan, +06inwHyT7l0-00734-00171759-00171852 and play this. +06inwHyT7l0-00735-00171873-00172095 Ryan Boelter: I agree. 100% +06inwHyT7l0-00736-00172173-00172251 Amelia Antrim: I'm trying to think of what +06inwHyT7l0-00737-00172251-00172626 kind of objects what I have. How many do I +06inwHyT7l0-00738-00172626-00172668 want? +06inwHyT7l0-00739-00172695-00172989 Ryan Boelter: I've got one so far. Should +06inwHyT7l0-00740-00172989-00173256 we should we list them off as we go? +06inwHyT7l0-00741-00173298-00173535 Amelia Antrim: I'm sure we can. So far. I +06inwHyT7l0-00742-00173535-00173775 have an empty Love Potion bottle. +06inwHyT7l0-00743-00173808-00173940 Ryan Boelter: Oh, I've got the +06inwHyT7l0-00744-00173940-00174186 transformation brooch of a loss teammate. +06inwHyT7l0-00745-00174213-00174849 Amelia Antrim: Oh, that's so good. This is +06inwHyT7l0-00746-00174924-00175035 so good. +06inwHyT7l0-00747-00175233-00175344 Ryan Boelter: Okay, I've got another one. +06inwHyT7l0-00748-00175413-00175956 Okay. Our shared diary. Oh my gosh. +06inwHyT7l0-00749-00176411-00176564 Amelia Antrim: I have a broken sword from +06inwHyT7l0-00750-00176564-00176669 a fallen foe. +06inwHyT7l0-00751-00176727-00176928 Ben Wallis: Oh, that's so cool. +06inwHyT7l0-00752-00176967-00177093 Amelia Antrim: Is it one of your friends? +06inwHyT7l0-00753-00177093-00177615 We may never know. Let's see here. I feel +06inwHyT7l0-00754-00177615-00177765 like this is an enemies to lovers to +06inwHyT7l0-00755-00177765-00178218 enemies situation. That classic trope +06inwHyT7l0-00756-00178404-00178557 Ryan Boelter: it's a good trope it is. +06inwHyT7l0-00757-00178605-00178707 Amelia Antrim: I'm gonna say a dried +06inwHyT7l0-00758-00178707-00179019 bouquet of flowers. Oh, there's a date +06inwHyT7l0-00759-00179019-00179319 night. Oh, that was that. That's three +06inwHyT7l0-00760-00179367-00179646 huh? Because it's me making a character +06inwHyT7l0-00761-00179646-00179868 I'm gonna see a tiny crystal Flamingo +06inwHyT7l0-00762-00179909-00180272 Ryan Boelter: nice. The remains of the orb +06inwHyT7l0-00763-00180272-00180482 of darkness that almost consumed us. +06inwHyT7l0-00764-00180645-00181125 Amelia Antrim: Classic classic the ring I +06inwHyT7l0-00765-00181125-00181260 was going to give you. +06inwHyT7l0-00766-00181277-00181394 Unknown: Oh my gosh. +06inwHyT7l0-00767-00181439-00181577 Amelia Antrim: I think that is +06inwHyT7l0-00768-00181713-00181872 Ryan Boelter: my favorite coat that you +06inwHyT7l0-00769-00181872-00182043 gave me when we were just friends. +06inwHyT7l0-00770-00182094-00182394 Amelia Antrim: Oh, very nice. Is that five +06inwHyT7l0-00771-00182394-00182424 for you? +06inwHyT7l0-00772-00182445-00182526 Ryan Boelter: Got one more. +06inwHyT7l0-00773-00182541-00182823 Amelia Antrim: Okay. These are already +06inwHyT7l0-00774-00182823-00182985 brutal. They really are. +06inwHyT7l0-00775-00183027-00183495 Ryan Boelter: Oh no. My transformation +06inwHyT7l0-00776-00183495-00183696 brooch. Oh +06inwHyT7l0-00777-00184061-00184172 Ben Wallis: you're right. These ones are +06inwHyT7l0-00778-00184172-00184268 already brutal. +06inwHyT7l0-00779-00184326-00184437 Amelia Antrim: We haven't done anything to +06inwHyT7l0-00780-00184644-00185109 zero context. Yeah. I'm just gonna read +06inwHyT7l0-00781-00185109-00185301 mine once real quick so that we have it +06inwHyT7l0-00782-00185301-00185823 all out. I have a tiny crystal Flamingo. A +06inwHyT7l0-00783-00185823-00186009 dry bouquet of flowers from a date night. +06inwHyT7l0-00784-00186066-00186423 A broken sword from a fallen foe. An empty +06inwHyT7l0-00785-00186423-00186687 Love Potion bottle and the ring I was +06inwHyT7l0-00786-00186687-00186780 going to give you. +06inwHyT7l0-00787-00186828-00187083 Ryan Boelter: That's so good. And I've got +06inwHyT7l0-00788-00187134-00187344 the transformation brooch of a loss +06inwHyT7l0-00789-00187344-00187806 teammate. Our shared diary. The remains of +06inwHyT7l0-00790-00187806-00188028 the orb of darkness that almost consumed +06inwHyT7l0-00791-00188028-00188352 us. My favorite coat that you gave me when +06inwHyT7l0-00792-00188352-00188643 we were just friends by transformation +06inwHyT7l0-00793-00188643-00188691 broach. +06inwHyT7l0-00794-00188820-00188946 Amelia Antrim: Why don't we share a diary? +06inwHyT7l0-00795-00188946-00189351 We're in deep. Yeah, man. You got to be +06inwHyT7l0-00796-00189351-00189810 like, real together to share a diary. You +06inwHyT7l0-00797-00189810-00190074 really do. I can't even keep on myself. +06inwHyT7l0-00798-00190083-00190185 Ryan Boelter: Sometimes. +06inwHyT7l0-00799-00190275-00190488 Ben Wallis: It's really intense. So you're +06inwHyT7l0-00800-00190488-00190695 gonna want to now like basically right? +06inwHyT7l0-00801-00190740-00191043 Create a name and a couple of sentences +06inwHyT7l0-00802-00191043-00191298 about who your character is. We've kind of +06inwHyT7l0-00803-00191298-00191550 gotten some themes already for this game, +06inwHyT7l0-00804-00191550-00192009 including, like maybe a enemies to lovers +06inwHyT7l0-00805-00192009-00192135 the enemy situation. +06inwHyT7l0-00806-00192327-00192465 Amelia Antrim: I don't know a good name. +06inwHyT7l0-00807-00192489-00192717 Names are tough. Names are hard. +06inwHyT7l0-00808-00192765-00193119 necromancer names are hardest. Ryan can +06inwHyT7l0-00809-00193119-00193314 just be like twinkle toes or something. +06inwHyT7l0-00810-00193449-00193611 It's a magical girl name. I just made up. +06inwHyT7l0-00811-00193755-00193899 Ryan Boelter: I was thinking bubblegum +06inwHyT7l0-00812-00193899-00193965 something. +06inwHyT7l0-00813-00194127-00194208 Amelia Antrim: Bubble gum drop. +06inwHyT7l0-00814-00194271-00194382 Ben Wallis: Bubble gum. It's actually a +06inwHyT7l0-00815-00194382-00194790 pretty good name. I like it. +06inwHyT7l0-00816-00194880-00195051 Amelia Antrim: So then I now I Bubble +06inwHyT7l0-00817-00195054-00195117 bubble. First +06inwHyT7l0-00818-00195117-00195351 Ryan Boelter: Name. Gum draft. Last Name. +06inwHyT7l0-00819-00195507-00195576 Pronoun. Okay. +06inwHyT7l0-00820-00195669-00195801 Amelia Antrim: Did we get married is my +06inwHyT7l0-00821-00195801-00196095 last name gumdrop. Now to Oh, I think my +06inwHyT7l0-00822-00196095-00196245 name is darkness. gumdrop? +06inwHyT7l0-00823-00196398-00196566 Ryan Boelter: I like it. What was your +06inwHyT7l0-00824-00196566-00196794 name again? Are you still figuring out +06inwHyT7l0-00825-00196794-00196860 first name? +06inwHyT7l0-00826-00196890-00196956 Amelia Antrim: Well, it's gonna be +06inwHyT7l0-00827-00196956-00197214 darkness. Darkness. First name and then +06inwHyT7l0-00828-00197214-00197385 we'll have a shared last name of gumdrop. +06inwHyT7l0-00829-00197388-00197550 Ryan Boelter: Oh, that's beautiful. Well, +06inwHyT7l0-00830-00197577-00198051 okay. Where did you use to go by a lady +06inwHyT7l0-00831-00198051-00198189 darkness or something like that? +06inwHyT7l0-00832-00198239-00198437 Amelia Antrim: I mean, probably because I +06inwHyT7l0-00833-00198437-00198914 couldn't go but Gumdrop, right. Yeah, I'll +06inwHyT7l0-00834-00198914-00199061 be lady darkness. That's fine. +06inwHyT7l0-00835-00199083-00199263 Ryan Boelter: That's amazing. She her +06inwHyT7l0-00836-00199341-00199812 darkness. Darkness. So good. And bubble +06inwHyT7l0-00837-00199812-00199869 gum drop. +06inwHyT7l0-00838-00199884-00200019 Amelia Antrim: Bubble gum, bubble and +06inwHyT7l0-00839-00200019-00200076 darkness. +06inwHyT7l0-00840-00200082-00200259 Ben Wallis: I can just picture like the +06inwHyT7l0-00841-00200259-00200613 wedding. Like a you know, like the +06inwHyT7l0-00842-00200616-00200895 placeholders and the and the invitations +06inwHyT7l0-00843-00200895-00201183 and all this stuff now? Yeah. Oh, so good. +06inwHyT7l0-00844-00201249-00201465 So yeah, describe basically write a brief +06inwHyT7l0-00845-00201465-00201597 description for your character. And then +06inwHyT7l0-00846-00201597-00201888 when you're done, you can read them to one +06inwHyT7l0-00847-00201888-00201933 another. +06inwHyT7l0-00848-00201989-00202091 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, I'm trying to think +06inwHyT7l0-00849-00202091-00202352 like, what kind of descriptors I need +06inwHyT7l0-00850-00202352-00202700 aside from necromancer named darkness. And +06inwHyT7l0-00851-00202700-00202853 like Ryan, what descriptors do you need +06inwHyT7l0-00852-00202853-00203174 besides magical girl named? Bubbles? +06inwHyT7l0-00853-00203195-00203339 Bubble? Bubble gum, +06inwHyT7l0-00854-00203355-00203448 Unknown: bubble gum drop? +06inwHyT7l0-00855-00203510-00203765 Amelia Antrim: Drop? Yeah. Like that +06inwHyT7l0-00856-00203765-00203825 pretty much speaks? +06inwHyT7l0-00857-00203877-00204114 Ben Wallis: dies. I mean, you need a whole +06inwHyT7l0-00858-00204113-00204257 Amelia Antrim: lot more. I like that the +06inwHyT7l0-00859-00204257-00204482 audience can insinuate anything they want +06inwHyT7l0-00860-00204482-00204545 from that. +06inwHyT7l0-00861-00204648-00204933 Ryan Boelter: Furniture. Very, very +06inwHyT7l0-00862-00204933-00205023 colorful. Yeah. +06inwHyT7l0-00863-00205056-00205209 Ben Wallis: So what you do then is you +06inwHyT7l0-00864-00205209-00205421 write five traits. And you can kind of do +06inwHyT7l0-00865-00205421-00205581 this, there's like the way I typically do, +06inwHyT7l0-00866-00205581-00205734 but you could do it the way you did the +06inwHyT7l0-00867-00205734-00205983 objects too. So you could either write all +06inwHyT7l0-00868-00205983-00206259 five of them, and then take turns reading +06inwHyT7l0-00869-00206259-00206601 them to each other. Or you could, you +06inwHyT7l0-00870-00206601-00206771 know, do what you just did for the objects +06inwHyT7l0-00871-00206771-00207006 and just do one at a time. The other thing +06inwHyT7l0-00872-00207006-00207201 I would say is you ended up stacking your +06inwHyT7l0-00873-00207201-00207519 five cards in a stack. And I encourage +06inwHyT7l0-00874-00207519-00207921 people in the book to to try to forever +06inwHyT7l0-00875-00207921-00208083 make sense. It's not like a hard and fast +06inwHyT7l0-00876-00208083-00208323 thing by any means to just go from kind of +06inwHyT7l0-00877-00208323-00208560 like the more lighthearted ones to the +06inwHyT7l0-00878-00208560-00208731 like harder ones. The ones that are +06inwHyT7l0-00879-00208731-00208983 obviously like, tougher emotionally may be +06inwHyT7l0-00880-00208983-00209253 so similar to complex and when you read +06inwHyT7l0-00881-00209253-00209436 them back, not necessarily when writing +06inwHyT7l0-00882-00209436-00209682 them but when reading them back or +06inwHyT7l0-00883-00209682-00209910 certainly when stacking them in order +06inwHyT7l0-00884-00209913-00210030 because it just sort of help So at the +06inwHyT7l0-00885-00210030-00210108 curve of the game, +06inwHyT7l0-00886-00210141-00210242 Amelia Antrim: so these ones I'm writing +06inwHyT7l0-00887-00210242-00210467 traits about right? It's something you're +06inwHyT7l0-00888-00210507-00210657 attractive to him about him. +06inwHyT7l0-00889-00210660-00210789 Ben Wallis: Yes. Something you like about +06inwHyT7l0-00890-00210789-00210978 him or love about him or are attracted to +06inwHyT7l0-00891-00210996-00211236 or like about being in a relationship with +06inwHyT7l0-00892-00211236-00211479 him so or her I mean, I guess for +06inwHyT7l0-00893-00211482-00211830 bubblegum so like it could be her bright +06inwHyT7l0-00894-00211830-00212069 blue hair could be one of yours if you +06inwHyT7l0-00895-00212069-00212184 were to write something +06inwHyT7l0-00896-00212184-00212310 Amelia Antrim: like that. I'm gonna put +06inwHyT7l0-00897-00212310-00212565 endlessly optimistic or it could be +06inwHyT7l0-00898-00212565-00212934 Ben Wallis: something like she makes me +06inwHyT7l0-00899-00212934-00213146 feel safe. That's something that's like, +06inwHyT7l0-00900-00213210-00213419 you know, a way she makes you like the way +06inwHyT7l0-00901-00213419-00213558 the other person makes you feel. +06inwHyT7l0-00902-00213596-00213957 Ryan Boelter: Right. I've got so far. Her +06inwHyT7l0-00903-00213957-00214209 sly smile when she gets a devious idea. +06inwHyT7l0-00904-00214257-00214452 Amelia Antrim: Very nice. The way she gets +06inwHyT7l0-00905-00214452-00214752 so excited new opportunities, her +06inwHyT7l0-00906-00214752-00214887 villainous laugh +06inwHyT7l0-00907-00215217-00215364 the fact that she doesn't actually like +06inwHyT7l0-00908-00215364-00215577 rainbows. True or False? Ryan? +06inwHyT7l0-00909-00215877-00216309 Ryan Boelter: No common. The excitement in +06inwHyT7l0-00910-00216309-00216558 her eyes when getting to use her powers. +06inwHyT7l0-00911-00216606-00216840 Which is necromancy. Yep. +06inwHyT7l0-00912-00216966-00217089 Amelia Antrim: The way she recognizes when +06inwHyT7l0-00913-00217089-00217236 my idea is actually better. +06inwHyT7l0-00914-00217398-00217734 Ben Wallis: Love that one. Love that one. +06inwHyT7l0-00915-00217782-00217878 Amelia Antrim: Was like what can I write? +06inwHyT7l0-00916-00217878-00218214 That's like kind of loaded? Yeah. Exactly. +06inwHyT7l0-00917-00218319-00218475 Ryan Boelter: The seriousness and focus +06inwHyT7l0-00918-00218475-00218577 she has in battle. +06inwHyT7l0-00919-00218601-00218844 Amelia Antrim: Nice. I say how she cares +06inwHyT7l0-00920-00218844-00219162 more about everyone else than herself. Oh. +06inwHyT7l0-00921-00219327-00219465 Ben Wallis: Sometimes it's those that are +06inwHyT7l0-00922-00219465-00219654 the most brutal in this game because +06inwHyT7l0-00923-00219684-00219942 because, you know it's not true. The +06inwHyT7l0-00924-00219942-00220104 things well, you're at least going to +06inwHyT7l0-00925-00220104-00220284 become disillusioned with it later. And +06inwHyT7l0-00926-00220284-00220448 the process of becoming disillusioned with +06inwHyT7l0-00927-00220448-00220590 it is going to hurt. So +06inwHyT7l0-00928-00220716-00220896 Ryan Boelter: her soft spot for puppies? +06inwHyT7l0-00929-00220946-00221106 Oh my gosh. +06inwHyT7l0-00930-00221196-00221379 Amelia Antrim: Do I do have one though? +06inwHyT7l0-00931-00221610-00221880 Just my love puppies more than you. Maybe +06inwHyT7l0-00932-00221921-00221982 we'll find out. +06inwHyT7l0-00933-00222039-00222111 Ryan Boelter: We're gonna have to be +06inwHyT7l0-00934-00222111-00222210 disillusioned about that +06inwHyT7l0-00935-00222210-00222309 Amelia Antrim: later. This illusion you're +06inwHyT7l0-00936-00222309-00222528 gonna be like, we have 87 dogs here a +06inwHyT7l0-00937-00222528-00222633 woman and not. +06inwHyT7l0-00938-00222798-00222915 Ryan Boelter: They're all skeletons, +06inwHyT7l0-00939-00222987-00223065 skeletons. +06inwHyT7l0-00940-00223257-00223401 Amelia Antrim: It's not saving them if +06inwHyT7l0-00941-00223401-00223878 they don't have the skin anymore. You're +06inwHyT7l0-00942-00223878-00224703 not saving anything. I have 5123. Okay, so +06inwHyT7l0-00943-00224703-00224904 let's see here. I think actually, I kind +06inwHyT7l0-00944-00224904-00225315 of wrote them in an order that was already +06inwHyT7l0-00945-00225315-00225876 a little rough. They got worse as I went +06inwHyT7l0-00946-00225876-00226089 along. Let's say. That's fine. +06inwHyT7l0-00947-00226125-00226230 Ryan Boelter: All right. So we got our +06inwHyT7l0-00948-00226230-00226380 treats what's next? Yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-00949-00226380-00226548 Ben Wallis: that's, that's basically +06inwHyT7l0-00950-00226551-00226769 character creation. Because once you've +06inwHyT7l0-00951-00226769-00226917 done that, you're ready to play the +06inwHyT7l0-00952-00226917-00227130 scenes. The one thing I didn't say before +06inwHyT7l0-00953-00227130-00227592 is that you at the end of every scene, you +06inwHyT7l0-00954-00227610-00227781 you should have, oh, I didn't mention that +06inwHyT7l0-00955-00227781-00227916 you need to have a candle to play this +06inwHyT7l0-00956-00227916-00228153 game and preferably a fire safe bowl. You +06inwHyT7l0-00957-00228153-00228276 don't need to have one to make characters +06inwHyT7l0-00958-00228276-00228398 because we're not actually playing all the +06inwHyT7l0-00959-00228398-00228555 way through. But you'll want to have a +06inwHyT7l0-00960-00228555-00228746 candle with a fire staple because what +06inwHyT7l0-00961-00228750-00229044 we're going to do is as you each scene +06inwHyT7l0-00962-00229044-00229179 you're going to work towards in the +06inwHyT7l0-00963-00229179-00229346 narrative kind of together because it's a +06inwHyT7l0-00964-00229346-00229496 cooperative game, you're going to work +06inwHyT7l0-00965-00229496-00229662 towards trying to have one of your +06inwHyT7l0-00966-00229662-00229869 characters disillusioned with a top tray +06inwHyT7l0-00967-00229869-00230202 in that stack. So Ryan, what's your top +06inwHyT7l0-00968-00230214-00230496 trait in your five that would be showing? +06inwHyT7l0-00969-00230546-00230736 Ryan Boelter: Um, so the one that I had +06inwHyT7l0-00970-00230736-00230910 here, like do I pick one or two +06inwHyT7l0-00971-00230982-00231102 Ben Wallis: in any order you want to so +06inwHyT7l0-00972-00231102-00231261 which one would be your top one for you're +06inwHyT7l0-00973-00231371-00231516 showing it to start of the game? +06inwHyT7l0-00974-00231569-00231681 Amelia Antrim: So right now mine is +06inwHyT7l0-00975-00231681-00231794 endlessly optimist +06inwHyT7l0-00976-00231794-00232002 Ben Wallis: endlessly optimistic so so you +06inwHyT7l0-00977-00232002-00232266 might be you might work towards becoming +06inwHyT7l0-00978-00232266-00232506 one of you know, your character becoming +06inwHyT7l0-00979-00232506-00232698 disillusioned with that and then the way +06inwHyT7l0-00980-00232698-00232896 that once you feel like once someone feels +06inwHyT7l0-00981-00232896-00233082 like they're top card is they've become +06inwHyT7l0-00982-00233082-00233346 disillusioned with that trait they can end +06inwHyT7l0-00983-00233346-00233573 the scene right then and there at that at +06inwHyT7l0-00984-00233573-00233841 that moment by saying I used to think are +06inwHyT7l0-00985-00233841-00234063 used to love are used to like and reading +06inwHyT7l0-00986-00234063-00234246 what's on the card and Ember and then you +06inwHyT7l0-00987-00234246-00234450 burn it and you break the object and that +06inwHyT7l0-00988-00234486-00234546 scene +06inwHyT7l0-00989-00234846-00235035 Ryan Boelter: this is no longer safe for +06inwHyT7l0-00990-00235035-00235161 work podcast. Yeah. +06inwHyT7l0-00991-00235191-00235314 Ben Wallis: I used to fire in the +06inwHyT7l0-00992-00235314-00235587 building. I used to love that you are used +06inwHyT7l0-00993-00235587-00235761 to think that you are endlessly optimistic +06inwHyT7l0-00994-00235761-00236175 and then you would Wow burn the trait. Ah, +06inwHyT7l0-00995-00236214-00236640 so becomes kind of rough because you know, +06inwHyT7l0-00996-00236658-00236850 becoming disillusioned with those things +06inwHyT7l0-00997-00236853-00237201 is the meat of the game and yeah, and the +06inwHyT7l0-00998-00237201-00237309 scenes that you play out. +06inwHyT7l0-00999-00237347-00237455 Amelia Antrim: You are not endlessly +06inwHyT7l0-01000-00237455-00237887 optimistic anymore. I know that I hope you +06inwHyT7l0-01001-00237887-00237926 have a fire +06inwHyT7l0-01002-00237927-00237990 Ben Wallis: safe bowl. +06inwHyT7l0-01003-00238065-00238244 Amelia Antrim: I have like a candle There +06inwHyT7l0-01004-00238244-00238544 you go. Already went out it's apparently +06inwHyT7l0-01005-00238544-00238830 not very flammable index card turns out it +06inwHyT7l0-01006-00238830-00239091 just the corner of it. kind of +06inwHyT7l0-01007-00239091-00239232 disappointing. Honestly. Now you're just +06inwHyT7l0-01008-00239232-00239523 endlessly Oh no, it's mostly nothing. +06inwHyT7l0-01009-00239523-00239667 You're endlessly nothing right? +06inwHyT7l0-01010-00239942-00240036 Ryan Boelter: Bubble gum up. +06inwHyT7l0-01011-00240060-00240221 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, probable gumdrop. I +06inwHyT7l0-01012-00240221-00240381 kind of like I wonder how this would go +06inwHyT7l0-01013-00240381-00240636 though. Like how, what what things do you +06inwHyT7l0-01014-00240636-00240879 think that you would become particularly +06inwHyT7l0-01015-00240879-00241104 disillusioned with Ryan? How do you see +06inwHyT7l0-01016-00241104-00241260 this going? Do you want to do our fanfic +06inwHyT7l0-01017-00241260-00241362 now or should we wait till the end? +06inwHyT7l0-01018-00241410-00241584 Ryan Boelter: Oh, gosh, let's wait. Let's +06inwHyT7l0-01019-00241584-00242001 wait on that. I really want to see how the +06inwHyT7l0-01020-00242001-00242205 other pairs kind of come to be. +06inwHyT7l0-01021-00242253-00242415 Amelia Antrim: Okay. All right. Well, why +06inwHyT7l0-01022-00242415-00242571 don't you since you have your idea for +06inwHyT7l0-01023-00242571-00242730 your Highlander one. Why don't you go for +06inwHyT7l0-01024-00242730-00242757 it? +06inwHyT7l0-01025-00242790-00243048 Ryan Boelter: Oh, sure. All right, Ben. +06inwHyT7l0-01026-00243051-00243344 Yes. You're down for this Highlander. +06inwHyT7l0-01027-00243405-00243732 Across millennia relationship breakup? +06inwHyT7l0-01028-00243735-00243927 Ben Wallis: Yeah, let's do it. Amazing. +06inwHyT7l0-01029-00243927-00244200 Absolutely. So what Yeah, do you want to? +06inwHyT7l0-01030-00244242-00244446 Okay, hi, let do we what can we do this? +06inwHyT7l0-01031-00244446-00244560 Well, we talked about the scenario a +06inwHyT7l0-01032-00244560-00244710 little bit first, and then your objects +06inwHyT7l0-01033-00244710-00244938 since we know it's Highlander, and we both +06inwHyT7l0-01034-00244938-00245229 kind of know stuff about that. So yeah. So +06inwHyT7l0-01035-00245229-00245637 we're gonna do a story over a great, like +06inwHyT7l0-01036-00245637-00245964 a significant amount of time. Yep. is sort +06inwHyT7l0-01037-00245964-00246159 of the end of the story. The breakup. Is +06inwHyT7l0-01038-00246159-00246339 that sort of modern day, are we thinking? +06inwHyT7l0-01039-00246432-00246569 Ryan Boelter: It can be any time? Yeah, I +06inwHyT7l0-01040-00246569-00246873 would say, like, it could be hundreds of +06inwHyT7l0-01041-00246873-00247182 years in the past. It could be like, you +06inwHyT7l0-01042-00247182-00247491 know, a year or two before the the final +06inwHyT7l0-01043-00247491-00247605 gathering or whatever? +06inwHyT7l0-01044-00247617-00248040 Ben Wallis: Yeah, yeah. I like, I like to +06inwHyT7l0-01045-00248040-00248205 do that. Maybe they haven't want in the +06inwHyT7l0-01046-00248205-00248334 final gathering. They haven't seen each +06inwHyT7l0-01047-00248334-00248573 other for decades. Yeah. So but maybe it's +06inwHyT7l0-01048-00248573-00248894 so maybe it's like a 20th century breakup +06inwHyT7l0-01049-00248894-00249069 scene. But then of course, you know, who +06inwHyT7l0-01050-00249069-00249291 knows how far back? So how far we could +06inwHyT7l0-01051-00249291-00249548 say we who knows, we know how far back? +06inwHyT7l0-01052-00249644-00249834 When do we want to say we have met? How +06inwHyT7l0-01053-00249834-00249992 far along is this relationship? Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-01054-00250026-00250287 Ryan Boelter: you know, even met? Like, +06inwHyT7l0-01055-00250317-00250592 probably, what, 2000 years ago or +06inwHyT7l0-01056-00250592-00250866 something? Yeah, ridiculous. Like, +06inwHyT7l0-01057-00250917-00251238 probably had a relationship as just like, +06inwHyT7l0-01058-00251238-00251592 we knew each other as immortals, and then +06inwHyT7l0-01059-00251592-00251763 kept running into each other. And that +06inwHyT7l0-01060-00251763-00252201 eventually, we decided, hey, there's +06inwHyT7l0-01061-00252201-00252507 there's something here? Yeah, maybe a few +06inwHyT7l0-01062-00252507-00252828 100 years down the line after we met. So +06inwHyT7l0-01063-00252828-00253296 like, maybe medieval period of time, or, +06inwHyT7l0-01064-00253298-00253686 or later, all the way through? Like early +06inwHyT7l0-01065-00253686-00253929 Victorian, would be a good starting point +06inwHyT7l0-01066-00253929-00254031 of a relationship. +06inwHyT7l0-01067-00254034-00254265 Ben Wallis: Cool. That sounds great. All +06inwHyT7l0-01068-00254265-00254436 right. So that sounds good. That's +06inwHyT7l0-01069-00254436-00254616 probably enough for us to go off of to +06inwHyT7l0-01070-00254616-00254907 then go ahead and do the other things. So +06inwHyT7l0-01071-00254907-00255339 why don't we each do five objects? And and +06inwHyT7l0-01072-00255339-00255489 then what do you want to do you want to do +06inwHyT7l0-01073-00255489-00255633 them in turns? Or do you want to do them +06inwHyT7l0-01074-00255633-00255719 and then read them back? +06inwHyT7l0-01075-00255809-00255953 Ryan Boelter: Let's do them as we as we +06inwHyT7l0-01076-00255953-00256109 figure them out. Okay, cool. +06inwHyT7l0-01077-00256196-00256275 Ben Wallis: You know, it's really +06inwHyT7l0-01078-00256275-00256404 interesting, because this is definitely +06inwHyT7l0-01079-00256404-00256677 one where we could kind of accidentally +06inwHyT7l0-01080-00256677-00256962 duplicate. So reading them to each other, +06inwHyT7l0-01081-00256962-00257166 as we write them will help that not +06inwHyT7l0-01082-00257166-00257367 happen. Since it's Highlander. I just feel +06inwHyT7l0-01083-00257367-00257523 like there's some obvious ones that could +06inwHyT7l0-01084-00257523-00257577 happen. +06inwHyT7l0-01085-00257601-00257958 Ryan Boelter: Yeah. Okay, so catching you +06inwHyT7l0-01086-00257958-00258219 up, Amelia. We met over 2000 years ago. +06inwHyT7l0-01087-00258242-00258392 Oh, there you go. You just want to burn +06inwHyT7l0-01088-00258392-00259206 stuff. It's fine. We're figuring objects. +06inwHyT7l0-01089-00259263-00259367 Amelia Antrim: So I'm sorry. You're you're +06inwHyT7l0-01090-00259367-00259494 good to hear to be Highlanders. +06inwHyT7l0-01091-00259509-00259569 Highlander. +06inwHyT7l0-01092-00259571-00259791 Ryan Boelter: Immortals. Yep. That met +06inwHyT7l0-01093-00259791-00260127 over 2000 years previous to the present +06inwHyT7l0-01094-00260127-00260553 day. final gathering. And we broke up +06inwHyT7l0-01095-00260580-00261221 probably like early ish. 1900s. Okay. And +06inwHyT7l0-01096-00261221-00261438 haven't seen each other for decades before +06inwHyT7l0-01097-00261438-00261801 we met for the final like duel to the +06inwHyT7l0-01098-00261801-00261846 death. +06inwHyT7l0-01099-00261888-00262113 Amelia Antrim: Oh, okay. So you're going +06inwHyT7l0-01100-00262113-00262251 into this duel and in the death to the +06inwHyT7l0-01101-00262251-00262542 death you've broken up? Yeah. already? +06inwHyT7l0-01102-00262548-00262650 Yeah. Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-01103-00262659-00262818 Ryan Boelter: okay. And now we have to +06inwHyT7l0-01104-00262818-00263202 face each other one last time. And one of +06inwHyT7l0-01105-00263202-00263400 us is either going to lose our +06inwHyT7l0-01106-00263400-00263760 immortality, or possibly kill the other +06inwHyT7l0-01107-00263772-00263934 Ben Wallis: is so good. It's such a good +06inwHyT7l0-01108-00263940-00264153 mashup. The other thing you could do for +06inwHyT7l0-01109-00264153-00264459 this is you could have the breakup scene. +06inwHyT7l0-01110-00264504-00264702 It could be the duel if you wanted to +06inwHyT7l0-01111-00264702-00264849 people wanted to play it that way. If they +06inwHyT7l0-01112-00264849-00264963 were thinking of it that way that you +06inwHyT7l0-01113-00264963-00265164 could easily do that. Because the thing +06inwHyT7l0-01114-00265164-00265344 about the breakup scene is it's it doesn't +06inwHyT7l0-01115-00265344-00265500 follow the normal virtual procedure. +06inwHyT7l0-01116-00265530-00265695 Instead of like one person saying, +06inwHyT7l0-01117-00265695-00265830 remember when the other person Have you +06inwHyT7l0-01118-00265830-00266100 forgot about you remember the breakups in +06inwHyT7l0-01119-00266100-00266280 the same way. So you sort of decide +06inwHyT7l0-01120-00266298-00266529 together, where you break up what the +06inwHyT7l0-01121-00266529-00266958 details are, how it happens. And so you +06inwHyT7l0-01122-00266958-00267243 could that is just another way with this. +06inwHyT7l0-01123-00267243-00267399 Someone could do that final scene. +06inwHyT7l0-01124-00267453-00267642 Ryan Boelter: Absolutely. If we were doing +06inwHyT7l0-01125-00267642-00268035 this with with the other game as well. I +06inwHyT7l0-01126-00268035-00268344 can see us doing the breakup previously +06inwHyT7l0-01127-00268344-00268542 and then all of that emotional weight. +06inwHyT7l0-01128-00268605-00268857 Going into the game itself would be fun, +06inwHyT7l0-01129-00268857-00268983 not so good. +06inwHyT7l0-01130-00268983-00269106 Ben Wallis: Yeah. So I have +06inwHyT7l0-01131-00269106-00269310 Amelia Antrim: an object up is dual is +06inwHyT7l0-01132-00269310-00269571 like high stakes. +06inwHyT7l0-01133-00269658-00270165 Ryan Boelter: It is Alright, so objects. +06inwHyT7l0-01134-00270285-00270507 Ben Wallis: I have one. Yeah. My father's +06inwHyT7l0-01135-00270507-00270717 fishing boat from our fishing village from +06inwHyT7l0-01136-00270717-00270909 my fishing village. Okay, +06inwHyT7l0-01137-00270963-00271383 Ryan Boelter: I've got an object. My +06inwHyT7l0-01138-00271431-00271533 legacy sword. +06inwHyT7l0-01139-00271671-00271785 Amelia Antrim: Got to break that. +06inwHyT7l0-01140-00271830-00272109 Ben Wallis: Yep. A painting of you painted +06inwHyT7l0-01141-00272109-00272508 by me. Oh, why +06inwHyT7l0-01142-00272655-00272892 Ryan Boelter: our original marriage +06inwHyT7l0-01143-00272892-00273075 certificate equivalent from the Middle +06inwHyT7l0-01144-00273075-00273132 Ages? +06inwHyT7l0-01145-00273176-00273434 Ben Wallis: Yeah. So like the probably +06inwHyT7l0-01146-00273434-00273803 what that would be would be the, like wet +06inwHyT7l0-01147-00273803-00273992 the record the wedding record book +06inwHyT7l0-01148-00273992-00274331 basically from the church. Yeah. Which is +06inwHyT7l0-01149-00274334-00274469 interesting because I wrote down and +06inwHyT7l0-01150-00274470-00274578 Amelia Antrim: take everybody down with +06inwHyT7l0-01151-00274578-00274749 you. Yeah. Yes. +06inwHyT7l0-01152-00274854-00274977 Ben Wallis: So mine was kind of that's +06inwHyT7l0-01153-00274977-00275127 interesting, because my next one I wrote +06inwHyT7l0-01154-00275127-00275346 was before you even said that was a +06inwHyT7l0-01155-00275346-00275631 stained glass window. So I'm going to be +06inwHyT7l0-01156-00275652-00275928 from the church, adding that detail. I'm +06inwHyT7l0-01157-00275928-00276021 Ryan Boelter: the church that we got +06inwHyT7l0-01158-00276021-00276099 married, of course, I'm +06inwHyT7l0-01159-00276099-00276204 Ben Wallis: going to detail now. +06inwHyT7l0-01160-00276207-00276525 Ryan Boelter: Oh, amazing. Ah, yikes. +06inwHyT7l0-01161-00276573-00276624 Okay. +06inwHyT7l0-01162-00276732-00276972 Ben Wallis: I wrote a letter from you. +06inwHyT7l0-01163-00277029-00277092 Pretty simple. +06inwHyT7l0-01164-00277095-00277293 Ryan Boelter: Oh, that's very good. I'm +06inwHyT7l0-01165-00277293-00277776 gonna say a recording of us singing +06inwHyT7l0-01166-00277779-00278148 together. When that was first, like, +06inwHyT7l0-01167-00278151-00278313 introduced technology wise. +06inwHyT7l0-01168-00278316-00278571 Ben Wallis: Yeah. I love that. Wow, that's +06inwHyT7l0-01169-00278571-00278808 really good. I kind of went to the same +06inwHyT7l0-01170-00278832-00279045 place you did in my mind of like, time, +06inwHyT7l0-01171-00279084-00279294 and I was gonna do something like, let's +06inwHyT7l0-01172-00279294-00279954 see. Oh, I'm not very good with years of +06inwHyT7l0-01173-00279957-00280224 cars. But I was gonna do like a car like, +06inwHyT7l0-01174-00280293-00280614 like a, like a 60s era Chevelle or +06inwHyT7l0-01175-00280614-00280683 something. +06inwHyT7l0-01176-00280905-00281058 Amelia Antrim: My son asked me if they had +06inwHyT7l0-01177-00281058-00281322 cars in the 60s. And I was like you have +06inwHyT7l0-01178-00281322-00281547 written in a 68 Mustang. Like my dad has a +06inwHyT7l0-01179-00281547-00281649 68 Mustang. +06inwHyT7l0-01180-00281678-00281819 Ryan Boelter: They go back to the 20s. +06inwHyT7l0-01181-00281819-00281906 Right. And then they +06inwHyT7l0-01182-00281907-00282048 Amelia Antrim: go back to the 19 Oh, to +06inwHyT7l0-01183-00282132-00282234 1902 +06inwHyT7l0-01184-00282315-00282399 Ryan Boelter: Well, when did we want to +06inwHyT7l0-01185-00282399-00282624 break up? I guess that's the question. +06inwHyT7l0-01186-00282630-00282801 Ben Wallis: Right? Yeah, so we said we +06inwHyT7l0-01187-00282801-00282876 want like, +06inwHyT7l0-01188-00282990-00283164 Ryan Boelter: cuz I was almost thinking +06inwHyT7l0-01189-00283164-00283581 like the the flappers era. Roaring 20s. +06inwHyT7l0-01190-00283644-00283782 Ben Wallis: So yeah, could be like, oh, +06inwHyT7l0-01191-00283785-00284025 like, yeah, that like that era. I'm just +06inwHyT7l0-01192-00284025-00284232 gonna put I'm just gonna put classic car +06inwHyT7l0-01193-00284259-00284442 as my project. And then like, in the +06inwHyT7l0-01194-00284442-00284652 course of play, you might inspire you to +06inwHyT7l0-01195-00284685-00284889 inspire any number of scenes. +06inwHyT7l0-01196-00284930-00285332 Ryan Boelter: Yeah. Um, let's see. Okay, +06inwHyT7l0-01197-00285359-00285656 um, a book of poetry I wrote about you +06inwHyT7l0-01198-00285656-00285755 after we first bent. +06inwHyT7l0-01199-00285809-00286052 Amelia Antrim: So good. Do they know it's +06inwHyT7l0-01200-00286052-00286130 about them? +06inwHyT7l0-01201-00286163-00286292 Ryan Boelter: I think they would have +06inwHyT7l0-01202-00286292-00286574 eventually Yeah. Okay. Wishes now and +06inwHyT7l0-01203-00286574-00286868 what? almost 2000 years old, which is wild +06inwHyT7l0-01204-00286868-00286889 that +06inwHyT7l0-01205-00286890-00287169 Ben Wallis: is wild. So I have five +06inwHyT7l0-01206-00287169-00287361 objects. So I went ahead and wrote a +06inwHyT7l0-01207-00287361-00287547 little brief description of my characters. +06inwHyT7l0-01208-00287547-00287595 Nice. +06inwHyT7l0-01209-00287598-00287865 Ryan Boelter: I need one more object that +06inwHyT7l0-01210-00287865-00288084 spans all of time. +06inwHyT7l0-01211-00288393-00288483 Amelia Antrim: I think it should be some +06inwHyT7l0-01212-00288483-00288756 like flowers you picked together at some +06inwHyT7l0-01213-00288756-00288975 point. Some like dried flowers, but like +06inwHyT7l0-01214-00288975-00289245 you picked on like, I like high cliffs. +06inwHyT7l0-01215-00289245-00289254 You +06inwHyT7l0-01216-00289254-00289491 Ben Wallis: preserve them somehow. Yeah. +06inwHyT7l0-01217-00289575-00289920 Ryan Boelter: Oh, like, maybe preserved a +06inwHyT7l0-01218-00289920-00290214 flower in some Amber. Yeah, that's great. +06inwHyT7l0-01219-00290295-00290934 From when we first started courting. Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-01220-00290985-00291024 yep. +06inwHyT7l0-01221-00291075-00291282 Amelia Antrim: Goodness. This game is not +06inwHyT7l0-01222-00291282-00291429 for those who don't like feelings +06inwHyT7l0-01223-00291453-00291912 Ryan Boelter: are no, great. Okay, so did +06inwHyT7l0-01224-00291912-00292104 we want to read down our lists like we did +06inwHyT7l0-01225-00292176-00292248 with Amelia? +06inwHyT7l0-01226-00292280-00292373 Amelia Antrim: Because I think I missed a +06inwHyT7l0-01227-00292373-00292418 couple. +06inwHyT7l0-01228-00292436-00292652 Ryan Boelter: Yep. All right. So my +06inwHyT7l0-01229-00292652-00293105 objects were my legacy sword. Our original +06inwHyT7l0-01230-00293105-00293345 marriage certificate equivalent from the +06inwHyT7l0-01231-00293345-00293651 Middle Ages, which we decided was like a +06inwHyT7l0-01232-00293651-00294053 wedding record book. A recording of us +06inwHyT7l0-01233-00294056-00294263 singing together from the dawn of +06inwHyT7l0-01234-00294263-00294359 recording equipment. +06inwHyT7l0-01235-00294441-00294531 Ben Wallis: That's my favorite one of +06inwHyT7l0-01236-00294531-00294567 these. +06inwHyT7l0-01237-00294762-00294921 Ryan Boelter: A book of poetry I wrote +06inwHyT7l0-01238-00294921-00295254 about you after we first met so rough a +06inwHyT7l0-01239-00295254-00295509 preserved flower in Amber from when we +06inwHyT7l0-01240-00295509-00295665 first started courting. +06inwHyT7l0-01241-00295698-00295896 Ben Wallis: Mine are my father's fishing +06inwHyT7l0-01242-00295896-00296226 boat from my fishing village. A painting +06inwHyT7l0-01243-00296226-00296601 of you painted by me stained glass window +06inwHyT7l0-01244-00296601-00296853 from the church where we got married an +06inwHyT7l0-01245-00296853-00297159 old letter from you and the classic car +06inwHyT7l0-01246-00297210-00297279 Ryan Boelter: amusing +06inwHyT7l0-01247-00297282-00297600 Amelia Antrim: your bank Yeah, yeah boat a +06inwHyT7l0-01248-00297600-00297732 car window. What +06inwHyT7l0-01249-00297732-00297867 Ben Wallis: is because see, this is +06inwHyT7l0-01250-00297867-00298128 because like, I haven't gotten to do that +06inwHyT7l0-01251-00298128-00298461 in a game really where like, like, because +06inwHyT7l0-01252-00298464-00298707 I've found so many real objects that break +06inwHyT7l0-01253-00298707-00298890 my desire with a popsicle stick version of +06inwHyT7l0-01254-00298890-00299091 the game is to always come up with just +06inwHyT7l0-01255-00299091-00299259 like stuff that will be so hard to +06inwHyT7l0-01256-00299259-00299406 actually break in real life. You could +06inwHyT7l0-01257-00299406-00299685 never do that. That's kind of why I always +06inwHyT7l0-01258-00299685-00299832 just default to that one. I'm doing it +06inwHyT7l0-01259-00299832-00299868 that way. +06inwHyT7l0-01260-00300087-00300381 Ryan Boelter: I wonder because when you +06inwHyT7l0-01261-00300381-00300621 create a character in my game, you you +06inwHyT7l0-01262-00300621-00300873 choose one of the archetypes. Yeah. It +06inwHyT7l0-01263-00300873-00301338 almost feels like I guess, depends on what +06inwHyT7l0-01264-00301338-00301554 you want to be for, for your character. +06inwHyT7l0-01265-00301554-00301785 And for my character, like one of us would +06inwHyT7l0-01266-00301785-00301941 be the love interest. And one of them +06inwHyT7l0-01267-00301968-00302124 would could either be the hero, the +06inwHyT7l0-01268-00302124-00302664 villain, the the best friend, the +06inwHyT7l0-01269-00302781-00302925 dashboard as the other ones, or the +06inwHyT7l0-01270-00302925-00303147 observer, like somebody that's tried to +06inwHyT7l0-01271-00303147-00303378 remain neutral, throughout all of history. +06inwHyT7l0-01272-00303504-00303960 And then there is there's one more like +06inwHyT7l0-01273-00303960-00304065 side character, +06inwHyT7l0-01274-00304110-00304236 Amelia Antrim: the Dark Magician, I'm just +06inwHyT7l0-01275-00304236-00304251 gonna +06inwHyT7l0-01276-00304365-00304809 Ryan Boelter: play this. Right. But it, it +06inwHyT7l0-01277-00304809-00305079 leans into those Highlander trope types of +06inwHyT7l0-01278-00305079-00305196 characters and stuff. +06inwHyT7l0-01279-00305222-00305345 Ben Wallis: Well, if you have to battle +06inwHyT7l0-01280-00305345-00305582 each other in the final battle after +06inwHyT7l0-01281-00305582-00305792 having broken up, like what do you think +06inwHyT7l0-01282-00305792-00306086 the two best options for archetypes like? +06inwHyT7l0-01283-00306131-00306347 Like to end up being those would be I +06inwHyT7l0-01284-00306347-00306503 mean, hero and villain is pretty obvious. +06inwHyT7l0-01285-00306503-00306731 We could that could be me, but there are I +06inwHyT7l0-01286-00306731-00306932 think there's other ways to do it. Right. +06inwHyT7l0-01287-00306980-00307166 You could be I think that's fine. That's a +06inwHyT7l0-01288-00307166-00307280 good one. Sorry, +06inwHyT7l0-01289-00307284-00307389 Ryan Boelter: best best friend is +06inwHyT7l0-01290-00307389-00307710 definitely a good one. Yeah, I wonder just +06inwHyT7l0-01291-00307710-00307914 best friend and love interest would be a +06inwHyT7l0-01292-00307914-00308109 good combo. I think that's the one that's +06inwHyT7l0-01293-00308112-00308352 that's to me. That's the one that hurts my +06inwHyT7l0-01294-00308352-00308688 heart. Yeah, absolutely. Because like the +06inwHyT7l0-01295-00308688-00308859 design of the game is you're there with +06inwHyT7l0-01296-00308859-00309081 two others. Right. Okay, so there's four +06inwHyT7l0-01297-00309081-00309546 altogether. And so best friend and the +06inwHyT7l0-01298-00309546-00309957 love interest, and whomever else? Yeah. So +06inwHyT7l0-01299-00309957-00310224 it's like, do we team up at first? Yeah. +06inwHyT7l0-01300-00310656-00310794 Ben Wallis: It's like the scenario that +06inwHyT7l0-01301-00310794-00311025 the two of you always knew could be a +06inwHyT7l0-01302-00311025-00311244 possibility. And you never wanted to talk +06inwHyT7l0-01303-00311244-00311415 about our admit. I mean, that's the thing. +06inwHyT7l0-01304-00311415-00311586 And then I would imagine that the +06inwHyT7l0-01305-00311586-00311820 conversation will come up through playing +06inwHyT7l0-01306-00311823-00311979 the 10 scenes of broken +06inwHyT7l0-01307-00311982-00312132 Ryan Boelter: Yeah, you've you've +06inwHyT7l0-01308-00312132-00312492 literally had each other's back for 1500 +06inwHyT7l0-01309-00312492-00312585 years. Yeah. +06inwHyT7l0-01310-00312627-00312768 Amelia Antrim: Right. Like, you know that +06inwHyT7l0-01311-00312768-00312930 it'll come down to this at some point, but +06inwHyT7l0-01312-00312930-00313176 we just don't speak of it. Because if we +06inwHyT7l0-01313-00313176-00313344 do, that's the end of things. +06inwHyT7l0-01314-00313365-00313569 Ryan Boelter: Uh huh. Oh, here it is. +06inwHyT7l0-01315-00313572-00313827 Goodness. Gracious. Look, I +06inwHyT7l0-01316-00313827-00313977 Amelia Antrim: learned Highlander things. +06inwHyT7l0-01317-00313995-00314619 Ryan Boelter: I know. I am. So brief +06inwHyT7l0-01318-00314619-00315081 description. Yeah. Gosh, I need a name to +06inwHyT7l0-01319-00315144-00315300 Ben Wallis: show me the reason why you're +06inwHyT7l0-01320-00315300-00315687 doing that. So my whatever it is. My name +06inwHyT7l0-01321-00315687-00316095 is Krista Aldo mono. And I go by Chris now +06inwHyT7l0-01322-00316113-00316422 and in the modern day. But crystal Aldo is +06inwHyT7l0-01323-00316422-00316716 a tall dark haired Italian man with deep +06inwHyT7l0-01324-00316716-00316971 sensitive brown eyes all of skin and rough +06inwHyT7l0-01325-00316971-00317046 hands. +06inwHyT7l0-01326-00317118-00317223 Ryan Boelter: Oh, that's good. +06inwHyT7l0-01327-00317259-00317373 Amelia Antrim: The hands of a fisherman? +06inwHyT7l0-01328-00317415-00317553 Yeah, exactly. +06inwHyT7l0-01329-00317874-00317991 Ryan Boelter: Oh, what's a good name that +06inwHyT7l0-01330-00317991-00318105 pairs well with that? +06inwHyT7l0-01331-00318231-00318408 Amelia Antrim: What? What are your What +06inwHyT7l0-01332-00318408-00318549 are your gender feelings? +06inwHyT7l0-01333-00318780-00318927 Ryan Boelter: Gosh, I could go either. +06inwHyT7l0-01334-00319011-00319398 Pretty much anyway, on this one. Yeah, I +06inwHyT7l0-01335-00319398-00319947 taking classic classic Highlander. She her +06inwHyT7l0-01336-00319947-00320529 pronouns? Um, gosh. Like, I think like a +06inwHyT7l0-01337-00320646-00321036 good Spanish name would be nice in this +06inwHyT7l0-01338-00321039-00321129 scenario. +06inwHyT7l0-01339-00321159-00321336 Amelia Antrim: Good Spanish lady name. +06inwHyT7l0-01340-00321351-00321744 Yeah. I mean, Isabella is +06inwHyT7l0-01341-00321749-00321911 Ryan Boelter: Oh, that's good. That is a +06inwHyT7l0-01342-00321911-00322133 good one. And what was your character's +06inwHyT7l0-01343-00322133-00322199 last name? +06inwHyT7l0-01344-00322205-00322511 Ben Wallis: Mano? Ma N N Oh, okay. +06inwHyT7l0-01345-00322515-00322659 Ryan Boelter: I think she probably took +06inwHyT7l0-01346-00322659-00322899 your name when they got married and she +06inwHyT7l0-01347-00322899-00323244 never let it go. Oh, boy. +06inwHyT7l0-01348-00323406-00323586 Amelia Antrim: This is fine. Everything's +06inwHyT7l0-01349-00323823-00324006 Ben Wallis: great. Yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-01350-00324009-00324324 Ryan Boelter: yeah. So yeah, she's she's a +06inwHyT7l0-01351-00324324-00324930 well dressed Spanish woman with long +06inwHyT7l0-01352-00324933-00325632 flowing dark hair. And a a sleek rapier +06inwHyT7l0-01353-00325713-00325887 for her preferred sword +06inwHyT7l0-01354-00325890-00326271 Amelia Antrim: who I love it. Yeah. Okay, +06inwHyT7l0-01355-00326271-00326481 yeah. Okay, so should we break hearts +06inwHyT7l0-01356-00326481-00326538 again? +06inwHyT7l0-01357-00326547-00326718 Ryan Boelter: Now we well we need traits +06inwHyT7l0-01358-00326718-00326811 now. Right right. So +06inwHyT7l0-01359-00326811-00326985 Amelia Antrim: you guys we haven't even +06inwHyT7l0-01360-00326985-00327147 made it as bad as it could be. Yeah. +06inwHyT7l0-01361-00327252-00327429 Ben Wallis: But your character I already +06inwHyT7l0-01362-00327429-00327576 got my first one cooking here. +06inwHyT7l0-01363-00327624-00327903 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, God. Here I am. Can't +06inwHyT7l0-01364-00327903-00327996 get any worse. +06inwHyT7l0-01365-00328200-00328299 Ben Wallis: I don't remember how we did it +06inwHyT7l0-01366-00328299-00328443 with Amelia but do you want to do we read +06inwHyT7l0-01367-00328443-00328605 them as we go or all at once I forget how +06inwHyT7l0-01368-00328605-00328653 we did it. +06inwHyT7l0-01369-00328716-00328866 Amelia Antrim: We did. We did both. We +06inwHyT7l0-01370-00328866-00329019 read them like back and forth as we went +06inwHyT7l0-01371-00329019-00329154 in summary. Yeah. +06inwHyT7l0-01372-00329157-00329364 Ben Wallis: So the one I the one you +06inwHyT7l0-01373-00329364-00329736 inspired immediately was the way you're +06inwHyT7l0-01374-00329736-00329946 fighting is like dancing. +06inwHyT7l0-01375-00330000-00330348 Ryan Boelter: Oh yeah, I went with the +06inwHyT7l0-01376-00330348-00330492 depth of your gaze. +06inwHyT7l0-01377-00330498-00330741 Ben Wallis: Mm hmm. The way she smells +06inwHyT7l0-01378-00330741-00330936 like lilies all of the time. +06inwHyT7l0-01379-00330984-00331278 Amelia Antrim: Oh, it's evocative, +06inwHyT7l0-01380-00331374-00331524 Ryan Boelter: the soothing sound of your +06inwHyT7l0-01381-00331524-00331686 heartbeat when we embrace. +06inwHyT7l0-01382-00331752-00332022 Amelia Antrim: Yes. So how do you get to +06inwHyT7l0-01383-00332025-00332181 disillusion without you like, your +06inwHyT7l0-01384-00332181-00332292 heartbeat? It's so loud. +06inwHyT7l0-01385-00332520-00332622 Ryan Boelter: Maybe becomes more of like a +06inwHyT7l0-01386-00332622-00332751 TellTale Heart sort of thing. +06inwHyT7l0-01387-00332865-00332946 Ben Wallis: Yeah, would be really +06inwHyT7l0-01388-00332946-00333078 interesting to see how that one, you'd end +06inwHyT7l0-01389-00333078-00333324 up being delicious. You probably I mean, +06inwHyT7l0-01390-00333324-00333444 my instinct to having played the game is +06inwHyT7l0-01391-00333444-00333678 probably you'd become disillusioned with +06inwHyT7l0-01392-00333678-00333882 like the embrace and aspect of it. So like +06inwHyT7l0-01393-00333882-00334086 the personal touch or the way they hold +06inwHyT7l0-01394-00334086-00334260 them or something like that way. Yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-01395-00334263-00334440 would change through the through some +06inwHyT7l0-01396-00334440-00334662 scene. And through something that would +06inwHyT7l0-01397-00334662-00334779 happen between the two of you that +06inwHyT7l0-01398-00334779-00335058 touching, but I do like, I do. I like that +06inwHyT7l0-01399-00335145-00335292 would be really, if you could come up with +06inwHyT7l0-01400-00335292-00335454 a way to do it about the heartbeat itself. +06inwHyT7l0-01401-00335454-00335610 That will be really wild. +06inwHyT7l0-01402-00335624-00335747 Amelia Antrim: It's like suddenly, I'm so +06inwHyT7l0-01403-00335747-00335927 aware of all the times you're lying to me. +06inwHyT7l0-01404-00335982-00336237 Ryan Boelter: Yeah. Or like maybe maybe +06inwHyT7l0-01405-00336237-00336591 Isabella wasn't 100% faithful and so every +06inwHyT7l0-01406-00336591-00336942 time she hears your heartbeat it's like +06inwHyT7l0-01407-00336942-00337419 guilty. feels guilty. Oh. Oh. +06inwHyT7l0-01408-00337551-00337710 Ben Wallis: Well, that made me write down +06inwHyT7l0-01409-00337713-00337956 she never ever wise to me. +06inwHyT7l0-01410-00338997-00339363 Amelia Antrim: Yes, but No. Bite. But yes, +06inwHyT7l0-01411-00339363-00339417 but yes. +06inwHyT7l0-01412-00339642-00339939 Ryan Boelter: I put bottos fisherman's +06inwHyT7l0-01413-00339939-00340023 hand though. +06inwHyT7l0-01414-00340299-00340542 Amelia Antrim: Those hands though. Love +06inwHyT7l0-01415-00340542-00340566 it. +06inwHyT7l0-01416-00340601-00340730 Ben Wallis: This would also be kind of an +06inwHyT7l0-01417-00340730-00340889 interesting one to get to solution with +06inwHyT7l0-01418-00340892-00341348 but I like the challenge I wrote. Years +06inwHyT7l0-01419-00341348-00341516 feel like minutes and minutes feel like +06inwHyT7l0-01420-00341516-00341744 yours together. Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-01421-00341772-00342066 Ryan Boelter: that's good. Always charming +06inwHyT7l0-01422-00342069-00342228 in social situations. +06inwHyT7l0-01423-00342321-00342525 Ben Wallis: Love it. And my last one that +06inwHyT7l0-01424-00342525-00342942 I have is I feel like no one could ever +06inwHyT7l0-01425-00342942-00343320 hurt me when we're together. And if I was +06inwHyT7l0-01426-00343320-00343527 stacking these, I would definitely stack +06inwHyT7l0-01427-00343527-00343707 that one last without it. Yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-01428-00343713-00343824 Amelia Antrim: right before they do. Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-01429-00343827-00344049 yeah. No one can hurt me. Exactly. Except +06inwHyT7l0-01430-00344049-00344319 you. Exactly. You +06inwHyT7l0-01431-00344319-00344454 Ryan Boelter: have always had my back. +06inwHyT7l0-01432-00344457-00344748 Yeah, that's good. It's so good. It's so +06inwHyT7l0-01433-00344748-00345309 good. Wow, +06inwHyT7l0-01434-00345312-00345570 Ben Wallis: yep. Wow is right. Already. +06inwHyT7l0-01435-00345960-00346113 Doing these in a row where you're making +06inwHyT7l0-01436-00346113-00346248 these character these games, and now +06inwHyT7l0-01437-00346248-00346440 playing them is kind of brutal, because +06inwHyT7l0-01438-00346440-00346644 it's like, oh, here's one gut wrenching +06inwHyT7l0-01439-00346644-00346800 scenario. And here's another gut wrenching +06inwHyT7l0-01440-00346800-00346842 scenario +06inwHyT7l0-01441-00347259-00347481 Amelia Antrim: we do here. Yeah. We just +06inwHyT7l0-01442-00347481-00347547 hurt feelings. +06inwHyT7l0-01443-00347547-00347715 Ben Wallis: Exactly. Right. Carts. Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-01444-00347715-00347859 that's what the game is meant to do. +06inwHyT7l0-01445-00347889-00348222 Amelia Antrim: Yeah. Yeah. So now is that +06inwHyT7l0-01446-00348234-00348465 Yeah, you too. Now it's our turn. All +06inwHyT7l0-01447-00348465-00348630 Ben Wallis: right. Any inspiration yet? At +06inwHyT7l0-01448-00348630-00348771 all. Amelia? What are you thinking? +06inwHyT7l0-01449-00348797-00348974 Amelia Antrim: I'm kind of thinking I +06inwHyT7l0-01450-00348974-00349166 would like to I know we've done to kind of +06inwHyT7l0-01451-00349166-00349346 like fantasy. Yeah, sort of ones are +06inwHyT7l0-01452-00349346-00349514 ready. So I'm thinking I would either like +06inwHyT7l0-01453-00349514-00349622 to do something that's like hyper +06inwHyT7l0-01454-00349622-00349892 realistic, or I want to do like space. +06inwHyT7l0-01455-00349944-00350163 Ben Wallis: So, you know, you presented me +06inwHyT7l0-01456-00350163-00350565 with a horrible question is because like, +06inwHyT7l0-01457-00350574-00350877 I feel bad about like being aching. It's +06inwHyT7l0-01458-00350877-00350928 just like +06inwHyT7l0-01459-00350928-00351087 Amelia Antrim: hyper realistic in space. +06inwHyT7l0-01460-00351120-00351324 Okay. Okay. For just like regular people +06inwHyT7l0-01461-00351327-00351570 who are regular thing in space space +06inwHyT7l0-01462-00351570-00351762 Ben Wallis: in the future. I love that. +06inwHyT7l0-01463-00351762-00352041 All right. So we want to like, flesh out +06inwHyT7l0-01464-00352041-00352212 the scenario slightly more before doing +06inwHyT7l0-01465-00352212-00352386 the objects and we probably should. Okay, +06inwHyT7l0-01466-00352401-00352767 so how about if we are people who live on +06inwHyT7l0-01467-00352767-00353151 a space station? Do you think what are you +06inwHyT7l0-01468-00353154-00353319 when you say space? Are you thinking like +06inwHyT7l0-01469-00353319-00353847 more? Star Trek or Star Wars type fantasy, +06inwHyT7l0-01470-00353847-00354135 like, fantasy and space? Or like, really? +06inwHyT7l0-01471-00354219-00354366 Amelia Antrim: Like, yeah, I mean, I'm +06inwHyT7l0-01472-00354366-00354642 thinking more Star Trek, kind of, I mean, +06inwHyT7l0-01473-00354651-00354771 at this point, when I'm talking about +06inwHyT7l0-01474-00354771-00354963 like, normal people instead, like I'm +06inwHyT7l0-01475-00354963-00355095 thinking like, we're dealing with like, +06inwHyT7l0-01476-00355098-00355257 the daily the ins and outs of space +06inwHyT7l0-01477-00355257-00355581 bureaucracy. Yep. Yep. You know, like, I'd +06inwHyT7l0-01478-00355581-00355740 like to be like a customs agent or +06inwHyT7l0-01479-00355740-00355851 something. Oh, that +06inwHyT7l0-01480-00355869-00356052 Ben Wallis: a customs agent is good. +06inwHyT7l0-01481-00356085-00356247 Because the space station like you're +06inwHyT7l0-01482-00356247-00356379 coming through the space station, they +06inwHyT7l0-01483-00356379-00356517 have to go through customs all the time. +06inwHyT7l0-01484-00356538-00356847 And oh, is it too much of a okay, this is +06inwHyT7l0-01485-00356847-00356982 good, safe. Do you like to also be a +06inwHyT7l0-01486-00356982-00357156 customs agent? Well, my question was going +06inwHyT7l0-01487-00357156-00357309 to be in this as a safety thing I think we +06inwHyT7l0-01488-00357309-00357507 would have to talk about as far as like a +06inwHyT7l0-01489-00357507-00357852 safety conversation is what if, what if +06inwHyT7l0-01490-00357852-00358101 I'm your boss or you're my boss, one of us +06inwHyT7l0-01491-00358101-00358236 is the other person's boss. There's a +06inwHyT7l0-01492-00358236-00358386 power dynamic there. So that's where this +06inwHyT7l0-01493-00358422-00358509 conversation. +06inwHyT7l0-01494-00358518-00358773 Amelia Antrim: Sure, sure. Yeah, I mean, +06inwHyT7l0-01495-00358773-00359013 I'm certainly fine with that. Do you I +06inwHyT7l0-01496-00359013-00359154 mean, do you want to be my boss? That's +06inwHyT7l0-01497-00359154-00359364 fine. It does. You don't like being I +06inwHyT7l0-01498-00359364-00359520 don't like being in charge of things. +06inwHyT7l0-01499-00359523-00359559 Okay. +06inwHyT7l0-01500-00359565-00359694 Ben Wallis: I can be your boss. That's +06inwHyT7l0-01501-00359694-00359985 fine. Okay. It just it as an interesting +06inwHyT7l0-01502-00359985-00360192 point. are dynamic I think the people who +06inwHyT7l0-01503-00360192-00360321 would play that would have to be really +06inwHyT7l0-01504-00360321-00360525 careful with safety tools and be on the +06inwHyT7l0-01505-00360525-00360894 same page about how that would go. And so +06inwHyT7l0-01506-00360894-00361080 that way it doesn't cross anyone's like +06inwHyT7l0-01507-00361083-00361296 Amelia Antrim: I'm thinking in this +06inwHyT7l0-01508-00361296-00361530 scenario that like we work together and +06inwHyT7l0-01509-00361530-00361767 customs for a while, like maybe that's how +06inwHyT7l0-01510-00361767-00362043 we met. We knew each other. Your promotion +06inwHyT7l0-01511-00362043-00362316 is like a recent thing. Oh, man, I think +06inwHyT7l0-01512-00362316-00362586 that's kind of what's starting to drive a +06inwHyT7l0-01513-00362586-00362712 wedge. That's really good. +06inwHyT7l0-01514-00362715-00362871 Ben Wallis: Yeah, that's that's super +06inwHyT7l0-01515-00362871-00363177 super good. I love that. Love it. Do we +06inwHyT7l0-01516-00363177-00363306 want to name the space station just for +06inwHyT7l0-01517-00363306-00363402 fun on loafing come up with a good +06inwHyT7l0-01518-00363417-00363576 Amelia Antrim: name. Probably we should +06inwHyT7l0-01519-00363600-00363963 match. I just want to call it ever light +06inwHyT7l0-01520-00363963-00364161 hunting? I don't know. It's I don't know +06inwHyT7l0-01521-00364161-00364521 why, but it's anything. Or words that +06inwHyT7l0-01522-00364521-00364653 together I like. Okay. +06inwHyT7l0-01523-00364656-00364827 Ben Wallis: No, I think that's fabulous. +06inwHyT7l0-01524-00364830-00365121 spacestation and relate hunting. +06inwHyT7l0-01525-00365205-00365286 Ryan Boelter: With you want to throw a +06inwHyT7l0-01526-00365286-00365463 number on the end there? Yeah, get even +06inwHyT7l0-01527-00365463-00365493 more. +06inwHyT7l0-01528-00365571-00365658 Amelia Antrim: Right. Why don't you throw +06inwHyT7l0-01529-00365658-00365910 in number seven. Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-01530-00365988-00366186 Ben Wallis: ever, ever like hunting seven? +06inwHyT7l0-01531-00366228-00366264 Yeah. +06inwHyT7l0-01532-00366312-00366459 Ryan Boelter: We've got the name of the +06inwHyT7l0-01533-00366459-00366672 television series that this takes place +06inwHyT7l0-01534-00366672-00366699 in. +06inwHyT7l0-01535-00366912-00367155 Ben Wallis: Exactly. Okay. So do you want +06inwHyT7l0-01536-00367155-00367287 to do any more details we should have +06inwHyT7l0-01537-00367287-00367413 fleshed out or do you want to do objects? +06inwHyT7l0-01538-00367455-00367590 Amelia Antrim: Oh, I'm okay. Doing +06inwHyT7l0-01539-00367590-00367644 objects. +06inwHyT7l0-01540-00367659-00367758 Ben Wallis: Cool. Let's do it. +06inwHyT7l0-01541-00367800-00368136 Amelia Antrim: All right. I'm gonna say my +06inwHyT7l0-01542-00368136-00368349 first object is my badge from my very +06inwHyT7l0-01543-00368349-00368775 first day. Nice. My first IV from +06inwHyT7l0-01544-00368775-00369024 training, say from training. Yeah. +06inwHyT7l0-01545-00369048-00369138 Ben Wallis: My first subject is a +06inwHyT7l0-01546-00369138-00369237 communicator. +06inwHyT7l0-01547-00369366-00369657 Amelia Antrim: A package of some kind of +06inwHyT7l0-01548-00369660-00369936 very rare food stuff. That is technically +06inwHyT7l0-01549-00369936-00370152 illegal. But I stole for a fancy date +06inwHyT7l0-01550-00370152-00370230 night one time. +06inwHyT7l0-01551-00370236-00370356 Ben Wallis: That's so funny. So that +06inwHyT7l0-01552-00370356-00370599 because my mind literally went to food to +06inwHyT7l0-01553-00370599-00370752 I was like, Okay, what's the thing I could +06inwHyT7l0-01554-00370752-00370866 do with food? That's +06inwHyT7l0-01555-00370866-00371040 Amelia Antrim: the way to someone's heart. +06inwHyT7l0-01556-00371154-00371340 Ben Wallis: Yeah, so actually, I'm going +06inwHyT7l0-01557-00371340-00371724 to say for my next object, because this is +06inwHyT7l0-01558-00371724-00371841 where my mind went before you said that, +06inwHyT7l0-01559-00371841-00372015 but I'm going to roll with it and say a +06inwHyT7l0-01560-00372015-00372147 replicator because it's kind of the +06inwHyT7l0-01561-00372150-00372369 opposite. A few replicators is the +06inwHyT7l0-01562-00372372-00372711 opposite of what your object okay? I love +06inwHyT7l0-01563-00372711-00372900 it. That can be really interesting to see +06inwHyT7l0-01564-00372900-00372984 how that would play out. +06inwHyT7l0-01565-00373026-00373197 Amelia Antrim: I'm gonna say a note that I +06inwHyT7l0-01566-00373197-00373410 wrote a past you at work one day, that's +06inwHyT7l0-01567-00373410-00373623 like a yes. No. Do you want to go on a +06inwHyT7l0-01568-00373623-00373878 date? Oh, that's so good. +06inwHyT7l0-01569-00373881-00374202 Ben Wallis: Oh, my gosh. I've heard a +06inwHyT7l0-01570-00374202-00374475 plush doll of the spacestation mascot +06inwHyT7l0-01571-00374478-00375000 because decided I don't know what her name +06inwHyT7l0-01572-00375000-00375111 is. But I'm picturing the mascot of this +06inwHyT7l0-01573-00375111-00375315 space station is like a little Huntress +06inwHyT7l0-01574-00375315-00375441 with a bow and arrow. It's like the +06inwHyT7l0-01575-00375441-00375696 opposite of space. It's like very more +06inwHyT7l0-01576-00375696-00375717 like +06inwHyT7l0-01577-00375717-00375840 Amelia Antrim: that. Yeah, like very +06inwHyT7l0-01578-00375840-00376089 Artemis. Yeah, maybe that's her name. +06inwHyT7l0-01579-00376089-00376107 That's +06inwHyT7l0-01580-00376107-00376185 Ben Wallis: her name. Yeah, maybe it's the +06inwHyT7l0-01581-00376185-00376356 Artemis is that space station mask. I +06inwHyT7l0-01582-00376356-00376398 love. +06inwHyT7l0-01583-00376524-00376764 Amelia Antrim: Love it. Okay, I have three +06inwHyT7l0-01584-00376764-00376950 things more. Two more things. +06inwHyT7l0-01585-00377124-00377373 Ben Wallis: I wrote a commander's chair. +06inwHyT7l0-01586-00377430-00377664 Amelia Antrim: Oh, do you move it into our +06inwHyT7l0-01587-00377664-00378252 living room just to prove your point? See +06inwHyT7l0-01588-00378318-00378540 a book of rules and regulations. +06inwHyT7l0-01589-00378582-00378669 Ben Wallis: I love that one. That's a +06inwHyT7l0-01590-00378669-00378915 really good one. All right. My fifth +06inwHyT7l0-01591-00378915-00379257 object is a picture of me with the Admiral +06inwHyT7l0-01592-00379257-00379386 on the day of my promotion. +06inwHyT7l0-01593-00379629-00379824 Amelia Antrim: Fine, my fifth object is +06inwHyT7l0-01594-00379824-00380127 going to be a picture of us on our first +06inwHyT7l0-01595-00380127-00380208 day together. +06inwHyT7l0-01596-00380223-00380382 Ben Wallis: Yeah, that's great. Love it. +06inwHyT7l0-01597-00380430-00380559 Ryan Boelter: When did you start working +06inwHyT7l0-01598-00380559-00380655 at the same time? +06inwHyT7l0-01599-00380679-00380769 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, I think we were in +06inwHyT7l0-01600-00380769-00380904 that same like training class. +06inwHyT7l0-01601-00380946-00381126 Ryan Boelter: Oh, that's amazing. Yep. +06inwHyT7l0-01602-00381135-00381228 Amelia Antrim: It's incredible. Just why +06inwHyT7l0-01603-00381228-00381387 it sucks that you got promoted. And I did +06inwHyT7l0-01604-00381387-00381672 that. Not that I'm better about it at all. +06inwHyT7l0-01605-00381936-00382086 Ryan Boelter: You proofing you don't like +06inwHyT7l0-01606-00382086-00382338 to be a leader. It's okay. +06inwHyT7l0-01607-00382382-00382547 Amelia Antrim: I don't want you to be one +06inwHyT7l0-01608-00382547-00382985 either, though. Keep doing that. It makes +06inwHyT7l0-01609-00382985-00383375 things loved what we had. Okay, so now, +06inwHyT7l0-01610-00383397-00383682 Ben Wallis: don't we can write names a +06inwHyT7l0-01611-00383682-00383826 name and a short description +06inwHyT7l0-01612-00383829-00384159 Amelia Antrim: of your character? Um, oh, +06inwHyT7l0-01613-00384159-00384330 gosh, space names are even harder than +06inwHyT7l0-01614-00384330-00384609 real names. And I also don't know any, +06inwHyT7l0-01615-00384633-00384945 like military order of things. +06inwHyT7l0-01616-00385017-00385143 Ben Wallis: Oh, yeah. I'm not great at +06inwHyT7l0-01617-00385143-00385242 that either. So I'm not gonna do a +06inwHyT7l0-01618-00385242-00385524 military. Well, I'm not gonna do a +06inwHyT7l0-01619-00385524-00385923 military rank. I mean, a military. I was +06inwHyT7l0-01620-00385923-00386145 thinking of a military implication to the, +06inwHyT7l0-01621-00386151-00386403 to my work, but Right. But not I'm not +06inwHyT7l0-01622-00386406-00386538 gonna bother with a rank or anything like +06inwHyT7l0-01623-00386538-00386559 that. +06inwHyT7l0-01624-00386607-00386937 Amelia Antrim: So names, names, names, +06inwHyT7l0-01625-00386937-00387159 names, name, space names. +06inwHyT7l0-01626-00387182-00387299 Ben Wallis: Yeah, I picked a very non +06inwHyT7l0-01627-00387299-00387554 space name. very intentionally, just +06inwHyT7l0-01628-00387557-00387872 because we're very normal people in space. +06inwHyT7l0-01629-00387884-00388139 Good point. Good point. So do you want me +06inwHyT7l0-01630-00388139-00388229 to tell you your mind while you're +06inwHyT7l0-01631-00388229-00388373 thinking or do you need to just think +06inwHyT7l0-01632-00388373-00388802 yeah, go ahead. So I created Alex Jordan. +06inwHyT7l0-01633-00388877-00389297 They have short cropped blonde hair. I'm +06inwHyT7l0-01634-00389297-00389513 thinking that they are like, I was kind of +06inwHyT7l0-01635-00389513-00389717 imagining that their ex military turned to +06inwHyT7l0-01636-00389717-00389948 like customs agent like they kind of went +06inwHyT7l0-01637-00389948-00390218 civilian or Maybe they just left like more +06inwHyT7l0-01638-00390218-00390491 frontline military service for like, for +06inwHyT7l0-01639-00390491-00390707 this type of type of posting if this is a +06inwHyT7l0-01640-00390707-00390905 military job, which it doesn't matter to +06inwHyT7l0-01641-00390905-00391154 me which you know, which it is, but they +06inwHyT7l0-01642-00391154-00391328 have short crowds, blonde hair, they're +06inwHyT7l0-01643-00391328-00391766 also short in height. But strong, short, +06inwHyT7l0-01644-00391769-00392177 but strong and very fast. That is my +06inwHyT7l0-01645-00392177-00392264 description I wrote. +06inwHyT7l0-01646-00392345-00392627 Amelia Antrim: Okay, so I named my person, +06inwHyT7l0-01647-00392645-00393032 Cressida Wilson. Love it. Chris Crescenta, +06inwHyT7l0-01648-00393035-00393410 very fascinating. Crispy, uniform. hair +06inwHyT7l0-01649-00393410-00393620 pulled back in a tight bun stands up very +06inwHyT7l0-01650-00393620-00393980 straight. Like picture of like, this is +06inwHyT7l0-01651-00393980-00394298 what your uniform should look like. At all +06inwHyT7l0-01652-00394298-00394409 times. Yes. +06inwHyT7l0-01653-00394452-00394701 Ben Wallis: That's great. Great. Awesome. +06inwHyT7l0-01654-00394701-00394956 Now we can do five traits. +06inwHyT7l0-01655-00394962-00395064 Amelia Antrim: Oh, boy. +06inwHyT7l0-01656-00395256-00395424 Ben Wallis: You gave You almost gave me +06inwHyT7l0-01657-00395424-00395619 why, but I have to use it because I feel +06inwHyT7l0-01658-00395619-00395769 like it would be a waste that I did. And +06inwHyT7l0-01659-00395769-00396159 but by the way, what are your pronouns? +06inwHyT7l0-01660-00396252-00396312 She her. +06inwHyT7l0-01661-00396450-00396561 Amelia Antrim: And what are yours? Say +06inwHyT7l0-01662-00396561-00396609 them? +06inwHyT7l0-01663-00396651-00396819 Ben Wallis: The way I'm writing something +06inwHyT7l0-01664-00396819-00397086 like how do I want to phrase it? The way +06inwHyT7l0-01665-00397086-00397485 she makes a military uniform seeing +06inwHyT7l0-01666-00397842-00398079 Amelia Antrim: his dedication to his job? +06inwHyT7l0-01667-00398112-00398628 Sorry, their, their air. +06inwHyT7l0-01668-00398697-00399189 Ben Wallis: Okay. She's not afraid to +06inwHyT7l0-01669-00399189-00399369 break a rule every now and then. +06inwHyT7l0-01670-00399399-00399588 Amelia Antrim: Oh, but actually, I'm +06inwHyT7l0-01671-00399588-00400089 terrified. Let's see here. I'm trying to +06inwHyT7l0-01672-00400089-00400329 look at what we put for objects to +06inwHyT7l0-01673-00400368-00400791 willingness to try new things. How much +06inwHyT7l0-01674-00400791-00400908 Ben Wallis: we laugh together +06inwHyT7l0-01675-00401442-00401724 Amelia Antrim: I'm gonna put love of +06inwHyT7l0-01676-00401763-00401898 interesting foods. +06inwHyT7l0-01677-00401903-00402203 Ben Wallis: Yeah, that's good. I wrote her +06inwHyT7l0-01678-00402203-00402512 devotion to family. Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-01679-00402540-00402822 Amelia Antrim: yikes. I'm gonna can I put +06inwHyT7l0-01680-00402822-00403014 the same thing? Yeah. Also put their +06inwHyT7l0-01681-00403014-00403056 devotion +06inwHyT7l0-01682-00403059-00403185 Ben Wallis: you can. And the other thing +06inwHyT7l0-01683-00403185-00403317 that can happen sometimes in this game is +06inwHyT7l0-01684-00403317-00403563 people become very naturally disillusioned +06inwHyT7l0-01685-00403563-00403782 with the same traits and that like are +06inwHyT7l0-01686-00403782-00403926 with the seat of the same trade. This has +06inwHyT7l0-01687-00403926-00404052 happened before. We're like two people +06inwHyT7l0-01688-00404052-00404244 like without even knowing. It's like, oh, +06inwHyT7l0-01689-00404244-00404424 that we've basically wrote the same thing. +06inwHyT7l0-01690-00404442-00404589 So you can become disillusioned at the +06inwHyT7l0-01691-00404589-00404742 same time and end up burning them +06inwHyT7l0-01692-00404742-00404871 together. Then you just play one less +06inwHyT7l0-01693-00404871-00404907 team. +06inwHyT7l0-01694-00404957-00405086 Amelia Antrim: And I liked the idea too, +06inwHyT7l0-01695-00405086-00405236 of becoming disillusioned with them at +06inwHyT7l0-01696-00405236-00405356 different times. Yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-01697-00405360-00405519 Ben Wallis: it's very, very possible. +06inwHyT7l0-01698-00405519-00405693 Yeah, exactly. Like yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-01699-00405740-00405833 Amelia Antrim: like, Oh, you got this new +06inwHyT7l0-01700-00405833-00405983 promotion and you don't actually like +06inwHyT7l0-01701-00405983-00405995 you're +06inwHyT7l0-01702-00406053-00406170 Ben Wallis: exactly, you're kind of very +06inwHyT7l0-01703-00406170-00406371 different. Meaning like four, depending on +06inwHyT7l0-01704-00406371-00406548 each character could look one way for one +06inwHyT7l0-01705-00406548-00406707 and one way for the other. Yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-01706-00406707-00407157 definitely. So my last one I wrote is she +06inwHyT7l0-01707-00407157-00407505 is willing to stand up to authority. And I +06inwHyT7l0-01708-00407505-00407691 would definitely stack that last. +06inwHyT7l0-01709-00407814-00408120 Amelia Antrim: I am going to put third +06inwHyT7l0-01710-00408120-00408558 joyful laugh. That's nice. And I think I'm +06inwHyT7l0-01711-00408558-00409041 going to put dedication new work. Last. +06inwHyT7l0-01712-00409080-00409383 Okay. Cool. Well, there we go. Great. You +06inwHyT7l0-01713-00409383-00409638 did it. Love it. This is why you don't +06inwHyT7l0-01714-00409638-00409734 date people at work. +06inwHyT7l0-01715-00410250-00410409 Yeah, I will say that I think that that +06inwHyT7l0-01716-00410409-00410597 like that got easier the more time like +06inwHyT7l0-01717-00410601-00410760 you know, I did it and then watched you +06inwHyT7l0-01718-00410760-00410982 guys do it. And then now do it myself too. +06inwHyT7l0-01719-00410982-00411225 I think it got easier every time to it's +06inwHyT7l0-01720-00411225-00411485 always a good, a good measure of like, +06inwHyT7l0-01721-00411489-00411816 does this thing make sense? It makes +06inwHyT7l0-01722-00411816-00412074 sense. If I can pick up on it after a time +06inwHyT7l0-01723-00412074-00412143 or two. Yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-01724-00412167-00412389 Ben Wallis: I have definitely gotten +06inwHyT7l0-01725-00412395-00412659 pretty quick with making with doing this +06inwHyT7l0-01726-00412659-00412847 process. Having played a lot of the game a +06inwHyT7l0-01727-00412847-00413151 lot of times you know, you kind of learn +06inwHyT7l0-01728-00413205-00413442 the kinds of things that were for you for +06inwHyT7l0-01729-00413442-00413613 it anyway. Cuz that's the thing is like, I +06inwHyT7l0-01730-00413613-00413754 don't know what works for other people +06inwHyT7l0-01731-00413754-00413916 that much because I you know, unless I've +06inwHyT7l0-01732-00413916-00413979 played with them, +06inwHyT7l0-01733-00414006-00414105 Amelia Antrim: you've never been in other +06inwHyT7l0-01734-00414105-00414366 people. What? I said you've never +06inwHyT7l0-01735-00414366-00414468 Ben Wallis: been I've never been other +06inwHyT7l0-01736-00414468-00414735 people. Weird. Yes. Weird. +06inwHyT7l0-01737-00415059-00415206 Ryan Boelter: Amazing. Yeah, this was +06inwHyT7l0-01738-00415206-00415383 fantastic. I think that's the part I +06inwHyT7l0-01739-00415383-00415718 struggled with when we're trying to create +06inwHyT7l0-01740-00415722-00415926 objects and picking from literally +06inwHyT7l0-01741-00415926-00416382 anything I can imagine just works a lot +06inwHyT7l0-01742-00416382-00416697 better from are a lot like, oh, this +06inwHyT7l0-01743-00416697-00416856 object looks interesting. Doing the thrift +06inwHyT7l0-01744-00416856-00417035 store and then creating the story from +06inwHyT7l0-01745-00417035-00417333 that sounds fascinating. Yes. But like +06inwHyT7l0-01746-00417333-00417576 this, this this is great, too. But like it +06inwHyT7l0-01747-00417576-00417753 took a little bit more thought energy. +06inwHyT7l0-01748-00417753-00417804 Sure. +06inwHyT7l0-01749-00417806-00417914 Amelia Antrim: Oh, harder time with the +06inwHyT7l0-01750-00417914-00418277 trades on Did you? Just because I think +06inwHyT7l0-01751-00418280-00418556 because I knew what was gonna happen with +06inwHyT7l0-01752-00418556-00418721 them later. Yeah, I was like, I want them +06inwHyT7l0-01753-00418721-00418886 to be evocative enough that they can +06inwHyT7l0-01754-00418886-00419078 really kind of make something of those +06inwHyT7l0-01755-00419078-00419264 scenes but not enough that I'm like, I've +06inwHyT7l0-01756-00419264-00419477 written the scene for you, you know, but +06inwHyT7l0-01757-00419477-00419870 also like it does still feel. This is +06inwHyT7l0-01758-00419870-00419996 something that came up in our storkcraft +06inwHyT7l0-01759-00419999-00420344 series way back in series three. There's +06inwHyT7l0-01760-00420344-00420527 something about it that is like slightly +06inwHyT7l0-01761-00420527-00420779 uncomfortable to me to like, define +06inwHyT7l0-01762-00420779-00420962 something about somebody else's character. +06inwHyT7l0-01763-00420965-00421289 Yes, yeah. That there is a level of agency +06inwHyT7l0-01764-00421289-00421478 there that I'm like, even if I know you're +06inwHyT7l0-01765-00421478-00421634 totally cool with it, and I know that it's +06inwHyT7l0-01766-00421634-00421814 gonna, like, be it. I'm like, oh, but I'm +06inwHyT7l0-01767-00421814-00422090 writing things about you. And you're +06inwHyT7l0-01768-00422090-00422339 hearing you're gonna see them. Yep. And I +06inwHyT7l0-01769-00422339-00422639 made choices for you. Yeah. That I'm still +06inwHyT7l0-01770-00422639-00422774 like a little bit like as a player, +06inwHyT7l0-01771-00422774-00422909 there's, there's still a part in the back +06inwHyT7l0-01772-00422909-00423059 of my brain. That's like, that's a no, +06inwHyT7l0-01773-00423065-00423326 don't do. You know, I have to, like, turn +06inwHyT7l0-01774-00423326-00423551 that off for a while. Yeah. It's okay. +06inwHyT7l0-01775-00423752-00424022 Ryan Boelter: Yeah, but the fact that both +06inwHyT7l0-01776-00424022-00424286 the traits and the objects get broken, +06inwHyT7l0-01777-00424295-00424607 yeah, throughout gameplay is phenomenal. +06inwHyT7l0-01778-00424607-00424853 And like dagger to the heart for everyone +06inwHyT7l0-01779-00424853-00424982 you throw out there. I had. +06inwHyT7l0-01780-00425046-00425172 Amelia Antrim: I was like, it is brutal. +06inwHyT7l0-01781-00425175-00425322 My notes say it is brutal. +06inwHyT7l0-01782-00425355-00425574 Ben Wallis: I had somebody listen, like I +06inwHyT7l0-01783-00425574-00425742 forget what they think it was. It might +06inwHyT7l0-01784-00425742-00425907 have watched the alchemist versus stream, +06inwHyT7l0-01785-00425907-00426057 I forget what stream but they watched or +06inwHyT7l0-01786-00426057-00426291 listened to us play broken, and just +06inwHyT7l0-01787-00426293-00426453 commented on it in a discord channel and +06inwHyT7l0-01788-00426453-00426647 basically said that, like, they knew when +06inwHyT7l0-01789-00426647-00426860 they heard the process of creating the +06inwHyT7l0-01790-00426860-00427062 traits for the other person, that they +06inwHyT7l0-01791-00427062-00427374 probably could never play this game. It's +06inwHyT7l0-01792-00427374-00427530 just like, that was the moment they were +06inwHyT7l0-01793-00427530-00427545 like, +06inwHyT7l0-01794-00427568-00427704 Amelia Antrim: it's interesting. It's I +06inwHyT7l0-01795-00427704-00427941 have to like I look at Ryan, and I'm like +06inwHyT7l0-01796-00427941-00428103 Ryan, and I know each other well enough. +06inwHyT7l0-01797-00428103-00428367 Yeah. And have, you know, been doing +06inwHyT7l0-01798-00428367-00428592 character creation and kind of talking +06inwHyT7l0-01799-00428592-00428763 about what we want out of games. For four +06inwHyT7l0-01800-00428763-00428955 years, we've done nothing, but we've +06inwHyT7l0-01801-00428955-00429180 never, we had played one game together. +06inwHyT7l0-01802-00429276-00429420 But in four years, we've done nothing, +06inwHyT7l0-01803-00429420-00429633 basically. But talk about what we want out +06inwHyT7l0-01804-00429633-00429828 of games. And Ryan is the kind of person I +06inwHyT7l0-01805-00429828-00430116 could play this way. Yeah. I struggle to +06inwHyT7l0-01806-00430116-00430368 think of almost anybody else, that I could +06inwHyT7l0-01807-00430368-00430524 sit down and be like, Okay, let's see what +06inwHyT7l0-01808-00430524-00430827 happens. Yeah. After reading this, because +06inwHyT7l0-01809-00430827-00431205 it was like, it's so gut wrenching. And, +06inwHyT7l0-01810-00431208-00431406 and knowing what you wanted out of it. And +06inwHyT7l0-01811-00431409-00431535 you know, like, when you sent it to me, +06inwHyT7l0-01812-00431535-00431652 you were like, Hey, can you look it over +06inwHyT7l0-01813-00431652-00431787 as somebody who's also been through +06inwHyT7l0-01814-00431787-00431939 divorce and all of that kind of stuff. So +06inwHyT7l0-01815-00431939-00432078 like, looking at it through that lens and +06inwHyT7l0-01816-00432078-00432443 being like, my heart, and yeah, you know, +06inwHyT7l0-01817-00432447-00432627 that like, this definitely isn't for +06inwHyT7l0-01818-00432627-00432860 everybody. Okay, for sure. It's okay. If +06inwHyT7l0-01819-00432860-00432984 you listen to this, and you're like, that +06inwHyT7l0-01820-00432984-00433251 is too much. Yeah, just know that. I also +06inwHyT7l0-01821-00433251-00433557 think maybe, possibly for me too much. But +06inwHyT7l0-01822-00433584-00433643 I want it so +06inwHyT7l0-01823-00433797-00433950 Ben Wallis: we take safety very seriously +06inwHyT7l0-01824-00433950-00434168 with the game too. So actually, one thing +06inwHyT7l0-01825-00434168-00434337 I can talk about on here that I haven't +06inwHyT7l0-01826-00434337-00434496 talked about publicly too much. Yeah, just +06inwHyT7l0-01827-00434496-00434730 because it was still kind of pending. But +06inwHyT7l0-01828-00434733-00434946 we do have a safety designer for the game. +06inwHyT7l0-01829-00434967-00435141 And that's someone people will probably +06inwHyT7l0-01830-00435141-00435381 know, which is Bo Yeager Sheldon, who +06inwHyT7l0-01831-00435381-00435789 created the script change is our is our +06inwHyT7l0-01832-00435792-00436010 safety designer for this game and +06inwHyT7l0-01833-00436010-00436268 consultant. So it's awesome. Yeah. So Bo +06inwHyT7l0-01834-00436268-00436557 is going to basically be the final version +06inwHyT7l0-01835-00436557-00436692 of this game that we've you know, that we +06inwHyT7l0-01836-00436692-00436980 find we'll be, we'll have some more safety +06inwHyT7l0-01837-00437007-00437280 designed into the rules. And one of the +06inwHyT7l0-01838-00437280-00437442 things about when I talked about was that +06inwHyT7l0-01839-00437451-00437730 that moat, like Bo even pointed out that +06inwHyT7l0-01840-00437730-00438006 there is just the potential like this, +06inwHyT7l0-01841-00438009-00438222 when you make trades for somebody else, +06inwHyT7l0-01842-00438258-00438426 just like making sure that you have +06inwHyT7l0-01843-00438426-00438672 consent and that processes is important. +06inwHyT7l0-01844-00438672-00438909 So yeah, we take we take safety for this +06inwHyT7l0-01845-00438909-00439143 game very, very seriously. Because, like +06inwHyT7l0-01846-00439146-00439397 lead is going to happen in this game, it's +06inwHyT7l0-01847-00439397-00439458 gonna be like, +06inwHyT7l0-01848-00439479-00439560 Amelia Antrim: this is a game that's +06inwHyT7l0-01849-00439560-00439788 designed to do that, like it's not even +06inwHyT7l0-01850-00439788-00439956 just a byproduct of the game. This is a +06inwHyT7l0-01851-00439956-00440133 game that is designed to encourage that +06inwHyT7l0-01852-00440133-00440403 kind of Exactly. Yeah. And so yeah, I'm +06inwHyT7l0-01853-00440403-00440658 glad that I'm glad that you have somebody +06inwHyT7l0-01854-00440658-00440883 on just to help with that part of it. I +06inwHyT7l0-01855-00440883-00441047 know that like you definitely from the +06inwHyT7l0-01856-00441047-00441210 beginning, have had safety mechanics +06inwHyT7l0-01857-00441210-00441368 written in there and listed in there and +06inwHyT7l0-01858-00441368-00441668 and they're very clear, like, here's what +06inwHyT7l0-01859-00441668-00441947 you should and should not do. But I'm glad +06inwHyT7l0-01860-00441947-00442122 to hear that you've got somebody coming on +06inwHyT7l0-01861-00442122-00442527 to help just kind of oversee you see it +06inwHyT7l0-01862-00442527-00442713 and all of the places where it could come. +06inwHyT7l0-01863-00442752-00442995 Because I think that it can show up in +06inwHyT7l0-01864-00442995-00443151 places that you don't expect it sometimes +06inwHyT7l0-01865-00443151-00443397 to exactly. Especially as a designer, when +06inwHyT7l0-01866-00443397-00443559 you've looked at a game for hundreds and +06inwHyT7l0-01867-00443559-00443757 hundreds of hours, you start to like, your +06inwHyT7l0-01868-00443757-00443960 eyes kind of glaze over parts of it and +06inwHyT7l0-01869-00444014-00444153 100% have fresh eyes. And +06inwHyT7l0-01870-00444153-00444432 Ben Wallis: I knew I needed to. I knew +06inwHyT7l0-01871-00444432-00444588 from the very beginning, I wanted to have +06inwHyT7l0-01872-00444591-00444897 a safety designer, that was not me big for +06inwHyT7l0-01873-00444897-00445125 that very reason so that I don't miss +06inwHyT7l0-01874-00445125-00445254 something. And +06inwHyT7l0-01875-00445278-00445374 Amelia Antrim: it sounds like this project +06inwHyT7l0-01876-00445374-00445530 in general is really close to your heart +06inwHyT7l0-01877-00445530-00445725 too. So like I think that that adds +06inwHyT7l0-01878-00445725-00445938 another level of complexity and making +06inwHyT7l0-01879-00445938-00446226 sure that it works for everybody else, +06inwHyT7l0-01880-00446226-00446364 too. Yeah, exactly. +06inwHyT7l0-01881-00446418-00446493 Ryan Boelter: Absolutely. +06inwHyT7l0-01882-00446538-00446703 Amelia Antrim: Ryan, where are we on here? +06inwHyT7l0-01883-00446709-00446832 Ryan Boelter: We're on the very last +06inwHyT7l0-01884-00446835-00447089 question if there's anything okay, well, +06inwHyT7l0-01885-00447089-00447285 Amelia Antrim: did we want to do we want +06inwHyT7l0-01886-00447285-00447459 to ask him any more about like a session +06inwHyT7l0-01887-00447459-00447639 zero or you know, because we did our +06inwHyT7l0-01888-00447639-00447816 character creation stuff. Is there any +06inwHyT7l0-01889-00447816-00448134 other stuff that you think on that safety +06inwHyT7l0-01890-00448134-00448308 note that you think people should kind of +06inwHyT7l0-01891-00448310-00448572 think about or go through for a session +06inwHyT7l0-01892-00448572-00448610 zero? +06inwHyT7l0-01893-00448614-00448776 Ben Wallis: Definitely. Yeah, definitely. +06inwHyT7l0-01894-00448776-00448950 So I would say people should talk about +06inwHyT7l0-01895-00448971-00449196 like rating, which is something from +06inwHyT7l0-01896-00449196-00449337 script, you know, the script change talks +06inwHyT7l0-01897-00449337-00449564 about which is, you know, deciding right +06inwHyT7l0-01898-00449564-00449718 from the beginning. Are we talking about a +06inwHyT7l0-01899-00449718-00450003 PG game here? Are we talking about fun I +06inwHyT7l0-01900-00450003-00450225 was playing with my spouse over the +06inwHyT7l0-01901-00450225-00450438 weekend, I said, are we going to play this +06inwHyT7l0-01902-00450438-00450699 PG, PG 13? Are we going to be playing X, +06inwHyT7l0-01903-00450729-00450924 double x, triple X, quadruple X. And of +06inwHyT7l0-01904-00450924-00451083 course, because because it's my spouse, +06inwHyT7l0-01905-00451085-00451392 she's like, every 2x x I add, she's just +06inwHyT7l0-01906-00451392-00451568 like making this face that gets more +06inwHyT7l0-01907-00451568-00451758 extreme. Every time I say the anxious +06inwHyT7l0-01908-00451782-00451935 because people don't know like my spouse +06inwHyT7l0-01909-00451935-00452172 and I have played that our coastal part of +06inwHyT7l0-01910-00452172-00452313 love, which is a romance. I didn't even +06inwHyT7l0-01911-00452313-00452418 say this at the beginning of the show. But +06inwHyT7l0-01912-00452435-00452625 I you know, we've been making pot of love +06inwHyT7l0-01913-00452625-00452820 for five years, which is a romance and +06inwHyT7l0-01914-00452820-00453033 relationship, actual play podcast, and +06inwHyT7l0-01915-00453033-00453282 someone who played a ton of like romance +06inwHyT7l0-01916-00453282-00453335 games to get like +06inwHyT7l0-01917-00453335-00453462 Amelia Antrim: lots of romance kinds of +06inwHyT7l0-01918-00453462-00453651 kids who are on our episode to talk about +06inwHyT7l0-01919-00453663-00454035 playing romance. And so you are not shy +06inwHyT7l0-01920-00454035-00454284 about like, what it's like to play out +06inwHyT7l0-01921-00454284-00454314 those kinds. +06inwHyT7l0-01922-00454314-00454431 Ben Wallis: Well, exactly. But the funny +06inwHyT7l0-01923-00454431-00454692 thing about that is that Mel, very much is +06inwHyT7l0-01924-00454692-00455055 a like, off off screen person when it +06inwHyT7l0-01925-00455055-00455328 comes to like, you know, like very much +06inwHyT7l0-01926-00455328-00455556 like, when we play these games man was +06inwHyT7l0-01927-00455556-00455946 very much like, a, you know, it's fine to +06inwHyT7l0-01928-00455946-00456110 insinuate, but you know, we're not going +06inwHyT7l0-01929-00456110-00456539 to play out. Exactly. So that's why when I +06inwHyT7l0-01930-00456539-00456735 said x double x, triple X, I was like +06inwHyT7l0-01931-00456735-00457188 teasing my. But yeah, it was a people +06inwHyT7l0-01932-00457188-00457341 should talk about reading, talking about +06inwHyT7l0-01933-00457341-00457542 like, the content of the scenes, sort of +06inwHyT7l0-01934-00457542-00457707 the general feel. And range is also +06inwHyT7l0-01935-00457707-00457956 important for, like jobs, like tone and +06inwHyT7l0-01936-00457956-00458121 genre, because like, when we played +06inwHyT7l0-01937-00458121-00458322 Alchemist versus like, it was going to be +06inwHyT7l0-01938-00458322-00458466 an enemy. So you know, like we were +06inwHyT7l0-01939-00458466-00458810 talking about, like PG at? Well, I guess +06inwHyT7l0-01940-00458810-00458991 you're not necessarily but we played it as +06inwHyT7l0-01941-00458991-00459285 like a PG style, like hype. These were +06inwHyT7l0-01942-00459285-00459402 high school characters, right? Because +06inwHyT7l0-01943-00459402-00459627 it's Alchemist. And like, there was one +06inwHyT7l0-01944-00459627-00459947 kiss. And that was like the extent a PDA +06inwHyT7l0-01945-00459947-00460230 in that game and like, but it was, it +06inwHyT7l0-01946-00460230-00460439 meant so much, because it was one kiss +06inwHyT7l0-01947-00460455-00460638 some of those most powerful stuff. So I +06inwHyT7l0-01948-00460638-00460785 would say discussing that kind of thing at +06inwHyT7l0-01949-00460785-00460983 the session zero, like what your +06inwHyT7l0-01950-00460983-00461168 expectations are for that, depending on +06inwHyT7l0-01951-00461168-00461364 like what kind of CD tools people want to +06inwHyT7l0-01952-00461364-00461601 use, if they wanted to implement things +06inwHyT7l0-01953-00461601-00461754 like lines of veils for themselves or +06inwHyT7l0-01954-00461754-00461937 included an x card, you know, so you would +06inwHyT7l0-01955-00461937-00462249 talk about that there. But yeah, I think +06inwHyT7l0-01956-00462249-00462456 that's basically all you would need to go +06inwHyT7l0-01957-00462456-00462647 ahead and, you know, get started playing, +06inwHyT7l0-01958-00462647-00462900 you should also talk about physical safety +06inwHyT7l0-01959-00462900-00463085 a little bit too, if you're going to break +06inwHyT7l0-01960-00463085-00463341 the physical objects, because, because +06inwHyT7l0-01961-00463376-00463502 Amelia Antrim: that like safety glasses, +06inwHyT7l0-01962-00463502-00463601 and you know, +06inwHyT7l0-01963-00463734-00463851 Ben Wallis: so like, where are you going +06inwHyT7l0-01964-00463851-00463953 to break them? What are you going to do +06inwHyT7l0-01965-00463953-00464093 with things once they're broken? That's a +06inwHyT7l0-01966-00464093-00464328 real question that you should talk about. +06inwHyT7l0-01967-00464379-00464628 Yeah. Do you? Maybe like, I don't know if +06inwHyT7l0-01968-00464628-00464751 this one goes without saying or not. But I +06inwHyT7l0-01969-00464751-00464972 mentioned in the rulebook, like breaking +06inwHyT7l0-01970-00464976-00465447 objects that are yours to maybe can't hurt +06inwHyT7l0-01971-00465447-00465546 to talk about that too. +06inwHyT7l0-01972-00465593-00465689 Amelia Antrim: Burning things over here. +06inwHyT7l0-01973-00465876-00466022 Ryan Boelter: I got my burn proof full I'm +06inwHyT7l0-01974-00466022-00466131 gonna use it. Darn it. +06inwHyT7l0-01975-00466404-00466547 Ben Wallis: Good. So yeah, I would think +06inwHyT7l0-01976-00466547-00466643 those are the things you should talk +06inwHyT7l0-01977-00466643-00466776 about. I can't think of anything else that +06inwHyT7l0-01978-00466776-00467037 I would say you would want to cover in a +06inwHyT7l0-01979-00467037-00467124 session zero fire +06inwHyT7l0-01980-00467123-00467234 Ryan Boelter: alarm start going on. +06inwHyT7l0-01981-00467502-00467597 Amelia Antrim: Put something over this, +06inwHyT7l0-01982-00467604-00467718 like, it's +06inwHyT7l0-01983-00467967-00468126 Ryan Boelter: it's very cool. Is there +06inwHyT7l0-01984-00468126-00468330 anything then from the crowdfunding +06inwHyT7l0-01985-00468330-00468468 campaign that you'd like to highlight? +06inwHyT7l0-01986-00468468-00468485 Yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-01987-00468485-00468600 Ben Wallis: probably should write, that +06inwHyT7l0-01988-00468600-00468816 would make sense. If I were to do that. So +06inwHyT7l0-01989-00468818-00469035 we are crowdfunding this in mid July, the +06inwHyT7l0-01990-00469038-00469254 goal is for the crowdfunding to kick off, +06inwHyT7l0-01991-00469296-00469614 we are each funding the game to crowd fund +06inwHyT7l0-01992-00469614-00469932 this game. So we're using each.io to fund +06inwHyT7l0-01993-00469932-00470175 the game. And that's going to kick off on +06inwHyT7l0-01994-00470292-00470682 God willing. That's gonna kick off on July +06inwHyT7l0-01995-00470682-00471035 19. And so there's some really easy links +06inwHyT7l0-01996-00471035-00471270 to that if someone is coming to the game +06inwHyT7l0-01997-00471270-00471585 before it goes live in July, you can just +06inwHyT7l0-01998-00471585-00471822 go to a pong games that it's the IO slash +06inwHyT7l0-01999-00471822-00472104 broken. And that is the page for the game. +06inwHyT7l0-02000-00472110-00472397 And so yeah, that's where people can go +06inwHyT7l0-02001-00472397-00472830 and they can back the game. And if you vac +06inwHyT7l0-02002-00472830-00473121 the game for $15, you can get a full +06inwHyT7l0-02003-00473121-00473316 digital copy of the game you can get the +06inwHyT7l0-02004-00473337-00473532 ashcan version immediately, which is the +06inwHyT7l0-02005-00473532-00473805 full playable game with color and art. And +06inwHyT7l0-02006-00473820-00473937 it's a really beautiful version of the +06inwHyT7l0-02007-00473937-00474096 game that people can just download. Like +06inwHyT7l0-02008-00474099-00474279 you'll just get it immediately if you +06inwHyT7l0-02009-00474288-00474410 backed the game and then you'll get the +06inwHyT7l0-02010-00474410-00474672 final edition of the final ebook once it's +06inwHyT7l0-02011-00474672-00474927 done for that $15 level. And then there +06inwHyT7l0-02012-00474927-00475083 are some extra stuff that people can do if +06inwHyT7l0-02013-00475083-00475428 they want like there is a play with the +06inwHyT7l0-02014-00475428-00475572 author level if people are interested in +06inwHyT7l0-02015-00475572-00475868 that kind of thing. But yeah, so that's +06inwHyT7l0-02016-00475868-00476106 that's the campaign I don't know if I'm +06inwHyT7l0-02017-00476106-00476274 new to selling the campaign so I don't +06inwHyT7l0-02018-00476274-00476400 know if I'm forgetting anything I should +06inwHyT7l0-02019-00476400-00476655 be saying to you all but but yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-02020-00476658-00476835 Amelia Antrim: but we can we'll retweet +06inwHyT7l0-02021-00476835-00477078 stuff too as it goes on. Because I'm so +06inwHyT7l0-02022-00477078-00477270 excited about this game have been excited +06inwHyT7l0-02023-00477270-00477552 about it for months. Even though it took +06inwHyT7l0-02024-00477552-00477795 me like two months to get back to you +06inwHyT7l0-02025-00477795-00478053 about it. Haha stupid life. +06inwHyT7l0-02026-00478052-00478169 Ben Wallis: Yeah, right. Like +06inwHyT7l0-02027-00478298-00478427 Amelia Antrim: it's I mean, it's just such +06inwHyT7l0-02028-00478427-00478661 a good game. And I think I really like +06inwHyT7l0-02029-00478661-00478829 knowing what you were setting out to do +06inwHyT7l0-02030-00478832-00479030 with it. Like you just hit the nail on the +06inwHyT7l0-02031-00479030-00479315 head like you hit every mark of like what +06inwHyT7l0-02032-00479315-00479510 I would want in a game like this. And I'm +06inwHyT7l0-02033-00479510-00479717 just I'm so thrilled for it to be out in +06inwHyT7l0-02034-00479717-00479885 the world and for people to see it. +06inwHyT7l0-02035-00479907-00480014 Ben Wallis: Thank you so much for saying +06inwHyT7l0-02036-00480014-00480156 that it really means a lot to hear it. +06inwHyT7l0-02037-00480156-00480333 It's a it's really deeply appreciated more +06inwHyT7l0-02038-00480333-00480639 than I can tell you. And I am also very +06inwHyT7l0-02039-00480639-00480872 excited for it to be out of almost +06inwHyT7l0-02040-00480872-00481029 desperate at this point for it to be out +06inwHyT7l0-02041-00481029-00481176 in the world for other people to play and +06inwHyT7l0-02042-00481176-00481322 to experience and to read. So +06inwHyT7l0-02043-00481385-00481482 Amelia Antrim: I don't know if we ask this +06inwHyT7l0-02044-00481482-00481602 at the beginning, usually we ask, but how +06inwHyT7l0-02045-00481602-00481824 long were you working on this one before +06inwHyT7l0-02046-00481827-00481926 you like? +06inwHyT7l0-02047-00481935-00482187 Ben Wallis: Yeah, thanks for asking I +06inwHyT7l0-02048-00482283-00482532 broken was been in my brain since around +06inwHyT7l0-02049-00482532-00482757 the time when we started pot of love five +06inwHyT7l0-02050-00482757-00483039 years ago and 2017 There was a a version +06inwHyT7l0-02051-00483039-00483264 of it in my mind, like I knew, or at least +06inwHyT7l0-02052-00483264-00483624 that I wanted to do it. I knew I that +06inwHyT7l0-02053-00483624-00483789 story would be too long to tell right now. +06inwHyT7l0-02054-00483789-00484041 But like, as part of my processing for +06inwHyT7l0-02055-00484041-00484338 divorce, as part of telling my divorce +06inwHyT7l0-02056-00484338-00484584 story, I realized that the only way that I +06inwHyT7l0-02057-00484584-00484758 felt like for me personally, I could do +06inwHyT7l0-02058-00484758-00485034 that well, was to create this game. Like I +06inwHyT7l0-02059-00485034-00485241 don't know why. But that was like the way +06inwHyT7l0-02060-00485241-00485517 I felt like I needed to process it. So I +06inwHyT7l0-02061-00485541-00485805 knew I wanted to do that. The inspiration +06inwHyT7l0-02062-00485805-00486027 for it for exactly how it was going to +06inwHyT7l0-02063-00486027-00486393 take shape. Really, really came around the +06inwHyT7l0-02064-00486393-00486543 time we were making part of a very +06inwHyT7l0-02065-00486543-00486795 regularly and Starcross had come out not +06inwHyT7l0-02066-00486795-00487182 too long beforehand. And I was inspired by +06inwHyT7l0-02067-00487182-00487353 all the games we were playing on that show +06inwHyT7l0-02068-00487353-00487662 was inspired by Star cross. And I just I +06inwHyT7l0-02069-00487662-00487860 just had this desire to make a tragic +06inwHyT7l0-02070-00487905-00488039 game. I was like, Well, what if I made a +06inwHyT7l0-02071-00488039-00488268 romance game, but I took a tragic take on +06inwHyT7l0-02072-00488268-00488310 it. So +06inwHyT7l0-02073-00488325-00488435 Amelia Antrim: but like the other side of +06inwHyT7l0-02074-00488435-00488543 it. Yeah. +06inwHyT7l0-02075-00488547-00488667 Ben Wallis: So there was an early there's +06inwHyT7l0-02076-00488667-00488826 actually an early version of the game that +06inwHyT7l0-02077-00488826-00488993 doesn't have these rules is a very +06inwHyT7l0-02078-00488997-00489234 different game that we actually recorded +06inwHyT7l0-02079-00489234-00489474 to tell a story on pot of back in the day. +06inwHyT7l0-02080-00489474-00489813 So that's a couple years old now. And so +06inwHyT7l0-02081-00489813-00490026 yeah, the game has been in different forms +06inwHyT7l0-02082-00490026-00490320 for a while. And, and I needed to set it +06inwHyT7l0-02083-00490320-00490610 aside for a little bit in order to like, +06inwHyT7l0-02084-00490653-00490932 process it because I was like that I was +06inwHyT7l0-02085-00490932-00491178 missing something dramatic that I needed +06inwHyT7l0-02086-00491196-00491379 from the game. And actually the thing that +06inwHyT7l0-02087-00491379-00491553 I was missing that I finally came back to +06inwHyT7l0-02088-00491553-00491802 was breaking objects, which is now yeah, +06inwHyT7l0-02089-00491805-00491916 we're in Heart of the +06inwHyT7l0-02090-00491916-00492099 Amelia Antrim: core center of the game. +06inwHyT7l0-02091-00492099-00492288 Yeah. And the part that really like caught +06inwHyT7l0-02092-00492288-00492810 me, like I said, is so cathartic. So I +06inwHyT7l0-02093-00492810-00493062 think what makes almost I don't want to +06inwHyT7l0-02094-00493062-00493239 say what makes it play up. Because like +06inwHyT7l0-02095-00493239-00493509 it's it's a wonderfully playable game. But +06inwHyT7l0-02096-00493509-00493989 I think what it tones down some of the +06inwHyT7l0-02097-00493989-00494208 sharp pain of it almost because you have +06inwHyT7l0-02098-00494208-00494379 the catharsis of breaking things in +06inwHyT7l0-02099-00494379-00494607 between. That feels healing. +06inwHyT7l0-02100-00494610-00494799 Ben Wallis: Yeah. Is it like I my design +06inwHyT7l0-02101-00494799-00494937 objective from the very beginning was that +06inwHyT7l0-02102-00494937-00495164 I wanted to design something where the +06inwHyT7l0-02103-00495174-00495555 mechanics of the game mirrored the like +06inwHyT7l0-02104-00495560-00495771 topic and the theme and the content of the +06inwHyT7l0-02105-00495771-00495960 game. And that's the kind of hard thing to +06inwHyT7l0-02106-00495960-00496064 set out to do is +06inwHyT7l0-02107-00496064-00496191 Amelia Antrim: to do. Yeah, like what? +06inwHyT7l0-02108-00496212-00496437 What content is dice rolling? Really? +06inwHyT7l0-02109-00496437-00496629 Yeah. It's like a whole new thing. +06inwHyT7l0-02110-00496629-00496760 Ben Wallis: The funny thing is that I knew +06inwHyT7l0-02111-00496760-00496920 the game was called Broken before I came +06inwHyT7l0-02112-00496920-00497037 up with the breaking object. So it was +06inwHyT7l0-02113-00497037-00497199 almost like it was staring me in the face. +06inwHyT7l0-02114-00497199-00497766 And so Oh, come on. And so I realized, oh, +06inwHyT7l0-02115-00497766-00498042 my gosh, it solved a bunch of design +06inwHyT7l0-02116-00498042-00498282 problems I had, all at the same time, when +06inwHyT7l0-02117-00498282-00498485 I realized that was the game. It was like, +06inwHyT7l0-02118-00498495-00498699 you know, sometimes writers are like, Man, +06inwHyT7l0-02119-00498699-00498825 I hope this doesn't sound pretentious or +06inwHyT7l0-02120-00498825-00498933 something. But you know, sometimes writers +06inwHyT7l0-02121-00498933-00499089 are like, I don't know, it feels like the +06inwHyT7l0-02122-00499089-00499239 story comes from outside of myself. And +06inwHyT7l0-02123-00499242-00499485 it's something I'm tapping into the design +06inwHyT7l0-02124-00499575-00499749 process was, that's that's how I feel +06inwHyT7l0-02125-00499749-00499899 often when I'm writing fiction. And the +06inwHyT7l0-02126-00499899-00500034 design of this game was similar to that +06inwHyT7l0-02127-00500034-00500310 were like, it was like tapping into +06inwHyT7l0-02128-00500310-00500553 something. Like in this creative space, I +06inwHyT7l0-02129-00500553-00500772 felt like coming from somewhere outside of +06inwHyT7l0-02130-00500772-00500871 myself. So you know, +06inwHyT7l0-02131-00500885-00501054 Amelia Antrim: I think you have to because +06inwHyT7l0-02132-00501054-00501330 again, because it's such a topic that's +06inwHyT7l0-02133-00501330-00501603 like so close, but it almost has to come +06inwHyT7l0-02134-00501603-00501729 from somewhere else to be anything +06inwHyT7l0-02135-00501729-00501885 coherent, because otherwise it's just +06inwHyT7l0-02136-00501885-00502077 going to be to jump like there's just too +06inwHyT7l0-02137-00502077-00502278 many feelings. Yeah, you know, so it's +06inwHyT7l0-02138-00502278-00502472 like it has to be something outside of you +06inwHyT7l0-02139-00502472-00502632 something that you took that break to +06inwHyT7l0-02140-00502632-00502932 realize that you that it sounds like +06inwHyT7l0-02141-00502932-00503154 you've treated with all of the care that +06inwHyT7l0-02142-00503154-00503508 it requires. Yeah, too. So I'm really +06inwHyT7l0-02143-00503508-00503685 excited about where you've landed and I'm +06inwHyT7l0-02144-00503685-00503843 so I'm so excited for people to +06inwHyT7l0-02145-00503843-00503964 Ben Wallis: see as you say it's very much +06inwHyT7l0-02146-00503964-00504171 about time for it to get out there now. +06inwHyT7l0-02147-00504171-00504279 It's been long enough +06inwHyT7l0-02148-00504351-00504453 Amelia Antrim: to not be in my head. +06inwHyT7l0-02149-00504600-00505179 Somebody else's problem. Ah, well, thank +06inwHyT7l0-02150-00505179-00505377 you so much for joining us to talk about +06inwHyT7l0-02151-00505377-00505608 broken this was fantastic. It's so much +06inwHyT7l0-02152-00505608-00505643 fun. +06inwHyT7l0-02153-00505647-00505760 Ben Wallis: Thank you both so much for +06inwHyT7l0-02154-00505760-00505902 having me. I really appreciate the +06inwHyT7l0-02155-00505902-00506004 opportunity to be here. +06inwHyT7l0-02156-00506046-00506147 Amelia Antrim: Yeah, do you want to remind +06inwHyT7l0-02157-00506147-00506328 everybody where they can find you online +06inwHyT7l0-02158-00506328-00506463 and what other things you have going on? +06inwHyT7l0-02159-00506463-00506601 Ben Wallis: Yep. So you can find your +06inwHyT7l0-02160-00506601-00506913 ports open network at all ports open.com I +06inwHyT7l0-02161-00506913-00507117 actually have a link tree if people want +06inwHyT7l0-02162-00507117-00507324 to find is that gamer priest and you can +06inwHyT7l0-02163-00507324-00507539 find all my links you can find a pawn +06inwHyT7l0-02164-00507539-00507768 games as I said before on edge a pawn +06inwHyT7l0-02165-00507768-00508053 games to edge to IO and the our games that +06inwHyT7l0-02166-00508053-00508362 we released there. You can you can hit +06inwHyT7l0-02167-00508364-00508568 follow and then you get all of our like +06inwHyT7l0-02168-00508568-00508685 when a game goes live, you'll get +06inwHyT7l0-02169-00508685-00508908 notified. And you can follow me on Twitter +06inwHyT7l0-02170-00508908-00509121 at Benjamin Wallace. By the way, Wallace +06inwHyT7l0-02171-00509121-00509460 is spelled W A L L i s for listeners. So +06inwHyT7l0-02172-00509460-00509712 if you're finding me on social media, it's +06inwHyT7l0-02173-00509714-00509937 at Benjamin Wallace but spelled that way. +06inwHyT7l0-02174-00509964-00510129 Um Yeah, I think that's basically where +06inwHyT7l0-02175-00510129-00510195 people can find me. +06inwHyT7l0-02176-00510252-00510483 Ryan Boelter: Pretty cool. Well, thank you +06inwHyT7l0-02177-00510483-00510699 so much for joining us for this special +06inwHyT7l0-02178-00510699-00510930 bonus episode of character creation +06inwHyT7l0-02179-00510930-00511172 spotlight. And thanks to everybody for +06inwHyT7l0-02180-00511172-00511503 tuning in. Do not forget to check out the +06inwHyT7l0-02181-00511503-00511950 broken crowdfunding campaign which might +06inwHyT7l0-02182-00511950-00512229 be going on right now. Or starting soon. +06inwHyT7l0-02183-00512289-00512468 So we'll we'll figure out where that's +06inwHyT7l0-02184-00512468-00512820 gonna go but either way, we will see you +06inwHyT7l0-02185-00512820-00512880 next time. +06inwHyT7l0-02186-00513923-00514160 Character Creation Cast is a production of +06inwHyT7l0-02187-00514160-00514382 the oneshot Podcast Network and can be +06inwHyT7l0-02188-00514382-00514691 found online at www dot character creation +06inwHyT7l0-02189-00514691-00515012 cast.com until the website to get more +06inwHyT7l0-02190-00515012-00515315 information on our hosts this show and +06inwHyT7l0-02191-00515315-00515540 even our press kit. Character Creation +06inwHyT7l0-02192-00515540-00515762 Cast can also be found on twitter at +06inwHyT7l0-02193-00515762-00516104 creation cast or ON OUR DISCORD SERVER at +06inwHyT7l0-02194-00516104-00516440 discord dot character creation cast.com I +06inwHyT7l0-02195-00516440-00516671 one of your hosts Ryan boelter and I can +06inwHyT7l0-02196-00516671-00516926 be found on twitter at Lord Neptune or +06inwHyT7l0-02197-00516926-00517244 online at Lord neptune.com Our other hosts +06inwHyT7l0-02198-00517247-00517496 Amelia Antrim can be found on twitter at +06inwHyT7l0-02199-00517505-00517829 ginger recommend. Music for this episode +06inwHyT7l0-02200-00517829-00518036 is used with a Creative Commons license, +06inwHyT7l0-02201-00518054-00518234 or with permission from the podcast the +06inwHyT7l0-02202-00518234-00518498 originator from further information can be +06inwHyT7l0-02203-00518498-00518750 found within the show notes. Our main +06inwHyT7l0-02204-00518750-00519053 theme music is hero remix by Steve combs +06inwHyT7l0-02205-00519059-00519212 and is used with a Creative Commons +06inwHyT7l0-02206-00519212-00519542 license. This podcast is owned by us under +06inwHyT7l0-02207-00519542-00519836 Creative Commons. This episode was edited +06inwHyT7l0-02208-00519836-00520082 by Ryan boelter. Further information for +06inwHyT7l0-02209-00520082-00520298 the game systems using today's guests can +06inwHyT7l0-02210-00520298-00520553 also be found in the show notes. If you'd +06inwHyT7l0-02211-00520553-00520808 like to support our show, find us on +06inwHyT7l0-02212-00520808-00521123 Patreon. Get access to bonus episode, +06inwHyT7l0-02213-00521156-00521372 extra outtakes and much more at +06inwHyT7l0-02214-00521372-00521729 patreon.com/character creation cast. +06inwHyT7l0-02215-00521780-00522056 Thanks for joining us and remember we find +06inwHyT7l0-02216-00522056-00522266 the best part of any role playing game is +06inwHyT7l0-02217-00522266-00522530 character creation. So go out there and +06inwHyT7l0-02218-00522530-00522806 create some amazing people will see you +06inwHyT7l0-02219-00522806-00522866 next time. +06inwHyT7l0-02220-00524489-00524588 Amelia Antrim: Now we got to read some +06inwHyT7l0-02221-00524588-00525044 show blurbs show blurbs show show show +06inwHyT7l0-02222-00525044-00525113 blurbs. +06inwHyT7l0-02223-00525309-00525462 Ryan Boelter: Character Creation Cast is +06inwHyT7l0-02224-00525462-00525744 hosted by the one chat Podcast Network. If +06inwHyT7l0-02225-00525744-00525963 you enjoyed our show, visit one chat +06inwHyT7l0-02226-00525963-00526203 podcast.com where you will find other +06inwHyT7l0-02227-00526203-00526428 great shows like one shot +06inwHyT7l0-02228-00526476-00526581 Amelia Antrim: on one shot you can +06inwHyT7l0-02229-00526581-00526821 discover new RPGs through actual play +06inwHyT7l0-02230-00526857-00527073 every week. James D'Amato brings you a new +06inwHyT7l0-02231-00527073-00527244 episode with a rotating cast of +06inwHyT7l0-02232-00527244-00527457 improvisers, game designers and other +06inwHyT7l0-02233-00527457-00527739 notable nerds. One shot has featured over +06inwHyT7l0-02234-00527739-00528006 100 games, exploring a wide variety of +06inwHyT7l0-02235-00528006-00528273 genres and tones. The stories are self +06inwHyT7l0-02236-00528273-00528489 contained, so you can jump in anywhere and +06inwHyT7l0-02237-00528489-00528636 it's a great way to find your new favorite +06inwHyT7l0-02238-00528636-00528930 game. Discover the magic of RPGs with one +06inwHyT7l0-02239-00528930-00529338 shot on your favorite podcast app. Oh, +06inwHyT7l0-02240-00529365-00529692 Ryan Boelter: hey, you. Good. Very strong. +06inwHyT7l0-02241-00529692-00529980 Clicky that was there. I felt bad about +06inwHyT7l0-02242-00529980-00530022 that one. +06inwHyT7l0-02243-00530031-00530124 Amelia Antrim: I'm impressed. +06inwHyT7l0-02244-00530202-00530316 Ryan Boelter: I've got some good tea and +06inwHyT7l0-02245-00530316-00530523 honey. Fresh in there and +06inwHyT7l0-02246-00530526-00530709 Amelia Antrim: yeah, we got that like +06inwHyT7l0-02247-00530709-00530826 sweet honey voice. +06inwHyT7l0-02248-00530862-00531018 Ryan Boelter: Yeah, exactly. It's nice. +06inwHyT7l0-02249-00531222-00531369 Amelia Antrim: Okay, are we ready? +06inwHyT7l0-02250-00531384-00531516 Ryan Boelter: I'll be all set. +06inwHyT7l0-02251-00531635-00531791 Amelia Antrim: I will do a five count will +06inwHyT7l0-02252-00531791-00532187 not laugh at my fingers. And I am pretty +06inwHyT7l0-02253-00532187-00532241 good at it. +06inwHyT7l0-02254-00532245-00532368 Ryan Boelter: I'm very impressed every +06inwHyT7l0-02255-00532368-00532557 time i That's +06inwHyT7l0-02256-00532556-00532958 Amelia Antrim: good. All right. What's in +06inwHyT7l0-02257-00532958-00533162 a game? I always want to say it. I know. +06inwHyT7l0-02258-00533186-00533318 You're gonna have to cut all this noise +06inwHyT7l0-02259-00533318-00533555 out. Fine. I just want to say it +06inwHyT7l0-02260-00533901-00534021 Unknown: and that's it. That's good. +07wk2JF0n5I-00000-00000006-00000768 thank you for everything I am here with my mother one of my big questions or asks was +07wk2JF0n5I-00001-00000768-00001488 to get all my friends and my family to be on the same path as me which is a happy vibrational path +07wk2JF0n5I-00002-00001488-00002127 and all that has happened and I was just telling my mom how awesome is it that all +07wk2JF0n5I-00003-00002127-00002946 my friends are on it and you're here with me today and is it you develop new friends +07wk2JF0n5I-00004-00002946-00003726 who aren't on it absolutely because contrast is such a wonderful thing that will serve you +07wk2JF0n5I-00005-00003726-00004305 absolutely we're playing with you a little bit about what we're wanting to do is to talk you +07wk2JF0n5I-00006-00004305-00004914 out of wanting to control conditions so that you can have a more positive feeling response +07wk2JF0n5I-00007-00004914-00005559 we want you to say Abraham hardly anybody I know is on my wavelength yet but I'm so in +07wk2JF0n5I-00008-00005559-00006051 tune with my inner being that I see them all through the eyes of source and so they're all +07wk2JF0n5I-00009-00006051-00006762 beautiful right where they stand that's wonderful that's really what's happening that's really what +07wk2JF0n5I-00010-00006762-00007530 you mean it's you that's changed not them it's the eyes of you that this conversation +07wk2JF0n5I-00011-00007530-00008163 is about more than it is them all acquiesced in to your path none of them will be on your +07wk2JF0n5I-00012-00008163-00008793 path your path is moving so fast don't ask them to keep up don't ask them to keep up sorry mom +07wk2JF0n5I-00013-00008793-00009803 especially mom especially mom you know it's it's really good hearing you say that because +07wk2JF0n5I-00014-00009803-00010283 my business partner and I we went to go see you in Colorado last year and since then so much +07wk2JF0n5I-00015-00010283-00010949 bad stuff has happened and because we saw that contrast now we're like oh that stuffs happening +07wk2JF0n5I-00016-00010949-00011450 you know what that means good stuffs coming and every single time you know what that means +07wk2JF0n5I-00017-00011450-00011990 clarity's coming decision is coming decisiveness is coming deliberate intention is coming the +07wk2JF0n5I-00018-00011990-00012497 ability to focus is coming the desire to focus is coming the utilization of our guidance system is +07wk2JF0n5I-00019-00012497-00013511 coming yes yes so I have such great appreciation for everything that's happening I have employees +07wk2JF0n5I-00020-00013511-00014180 and development teams and I own a couple of businesses and I'm not saying any of that to +07wk2JF0n5I-00021-00014180-00014969 brag I'm saying that because I want to know how is it that I could attract more people that are +07wk2JF0n5I-00022-00014969-00015644 willing to work as hard as my business partner and I so that way we can move even faster because +07wk2JF0n5I-00023-00015644-00016382 right now the delegation is one of the things that I think we both struggle with your healthiness to +07wk2JF0n5I-00024-00016382-00016949 wrap this up sort of in the way that we began it today because we said we know you'll remember it +07wk2JF0n5I-00025-00016949-00017978 as we say it again that every Empire is 99.9999% finished before you put the first nail in the +07wk2JF0n5I-00026-00017978-00018683 first board or before you hire the first employee because once you have a facility and a product +07wk2JF0n5I-00027-00018683-00019394 and functions and employees then there is always something to see that has the potential of taking +07wk2JF0n5I-00028-00019394-00020171 you out of your alignment so it's easier to dream it when there's nothing to contradict it than it +07wk2JF0n5I-00029-00020171-00020963 is to be living some of it that is contradicting it however it's so much more satisfying to dream +07wk2JF0n5I-00030-00020963-00021473 it and then live it and then clean up what you're living by dreaming more in other words all that +07wk2JF0n5I-00031-00021473-00022076 this conversation is about all day long here today the clarification that is the new emphasis that +07wk2JF0n5I-00032-00022076-00022625 we are really wanting those like you to feel is that you're never going to reach the place where +07wk2JF0n5I-00033-00022625-00023171 you can be lazy with your thoughts you're never going to have the perfect set of employees that +07wk2JF0n5I-00034-00023171-00023801 will never bounce off into something that is more we had a conversation just a few weeks ago with +07wk2JF0n5I-00035-00023801-00024809 someone who was talking about her business and she used the word vehicle and so we seized on +07wk2JF0n5I-00036-00024809-00025457 that word because it gave us the opportunity to present something so easy to understand and so +07wk2JF0n5I-00037-00025457-00026162 accurate we said to her you're in this vehicle and you're moving along and it's taking you on a nice +07wk2JF0n5I-00038-00026162-00026858 ride and then you just step out of that vehicle into another vehicle and it takes you on a nice +07wk2JF0n5I-00039-00026858-00027502 right - and then you step out of that vehicle into another vehicle and it takes you in a nice right - +07wk2JF0n5I-00040-00027502-00028252 and there is a never-ending stream of new vehicles for you to step out into in that next logical step +07wk2JF0n5I-00041-00028252-00029008 sort of way and then we said something that shook her right to the core of what was stuck in her +07wk2JF0n5I-00042-00029008-00029717 vibrational cross we said do you know what's happening with you you want to find a vehicle +07wk2JF0n5I-00043-00029717-00030401 that will take you all the way to everywhere that you're going you're not willing to change +07wk2JF0n5I-00044-00030401-00031283 employees change business plans add new products eliminate some product your vortex is full of +07wk2JF0n5I-00045-00031283-00031961 potential unfolding that you can never see from where you stand the journey is the destination the +07wk2JF0n5I-00046-00031961-00032498 journey is what it is all about the destination is the reason for the journey and the journey is what +07wk2JF0n5I-00047-00032498-00033305 rings your bells the next logical step is as good as it gets you say so that's why we're asking you +07wk2JF0n5I-00048-00033305-00033893 to step out of the details of what you're living and just dream a little bit in general terms my +07wk2JF0n5I-00049-00033893-00034523 business is really fun and it feels never-ending and it just gets bigger and bigger and the influx +07wk2JF0n5I-00050-00034523-00035117 of people that are interfacing with it both those that help us grow it and those that are +07wk2JF0n5I-00051-00035117-00035945 the consumers of it with such ease and abundance and the interchange is so satisfying the abundance +07wk2JF0n5I-00052-00035945-00036710 that flows from this business of mine is so satisfying and so supportive of so many and so +07wk2JF0n5I-00053-00036710-00037364 much the details of the well-being are so extreme and the satisfaction that I experience are beyond +07wk2JF0n5I-00054-00037364-00038066 anything that I can detail completely did you step into this general place of acknowledging the +07wk2JF0n5I-00055-00038066-00038915 universe's ability and desire to keep you inspired and uplifted when you make the decision to come +07wk2JF0n5I-00056-00038915-00039947 into this physical experience one of the first things that you translated into words that felt +07wk2JF0n5I-00057-00039947-00040793 really meaningful to you was this phrase I want to fulfill my reason for being I want to fulfill my +07wk2JF0n5I-00058-00040793-00041513 life's purpose I want to fulfill the reason that I came into this physical body to begin with and +07wk2JF0n5I-00059-00041513-00042254 what those words really mean is that I want to find the satisfaction of hooking up with my inner +07wk2JF0n5I-00060-00042254-00042914 being as I romp through life because you're not ever going to fulfill all of the purposes because +07wk2JF0n5I-00061-00042914-00043451 the purposes keep growing there's not gonna ever be a day that there's not something beyond what +07wk2JF0n5I-00062-00043451-00043880 you are now living that you're wanting and there are parents all over the world that are telling +07wk2JF0n5I-00063-00043880-00044426 their children that's wrong that's greedy that's entitled you never get enough and the correct +07wk2JF0n5I-00064-00044426-00045035 answer to that question is no I never get enough there will always be more there will always be +07wk2JF0n5I-00065-00045035-00045629 more because with each contrast that gives birth to each rocket of desire and as I close that gap +07wk2JF0n5I-00066-00045629-00046235 and achieve the manifestation of it right along with the achievement of that manifestation that +07wk2JF0n5I-00067-00046235-00046565 others can see and hear and smell and taste and touch - oh look at them look what they created +07wk2JF0n5I-00068-00046565-00047216 right along with that is a new set of contrasting experiences which launch more rockets which give +07wk2JF0n5I-00069-00047216-00047780 you more opportunity for satisfaction it never ends it never ends it never ends it never ends +07wk2JF0n5I-00070-00047780-00048503 it never ends and you dear hearts you said from your vibrational vantage point as you made the +07wk2JF0n5I-00071-00048503-00049192 decision to come into this body into this time and space you said I will go and explore the +07wk2JF0n5I-00072-00049192-00049972 contrast because I know that in doing so new will be patched within me new that I cannot trust it +07wk2JF0n5I-00073-00049972-00050617 first because there's no basis of believing in it in physical manifested reality but I will be able +07wk2JF0n5I-00074-00050617-00051271 to trust it nonetheless because my inner being will know it and I will become so acquainted with +07wk2JF0n5I-00075-00051271-00051853 what it feels like when my inner being is focused upon something that I desire that I will let my +07wk2JF0n5I-00076-00051853-00052479 inner being and how my inner being feels be my guiding light not the reality of what physically +07wk2JF0n5I-00077-00052479-00053188 has manifested so far I will be the one that finds the new desire step one is where all creation +07wk2JF0n5I-00078-00053188-00053737 happens step one that step you all want to leave out there step one where there's resistance that's +07wk2JF0n5I-00079-00053737-00054508 the step that makes it all happen and step two is your source energy shoring that up believing +07wk2JF0n5I-00080-00054508-00055189 in what you ask for and knowing the perfection of it and holding the vibrational autonomy of +07wk2JF0n5I-00081-00055189-00056188 it and then you doing nothing more then selfishly carrying about how you feel so you reach for the +07wk2JF0n5I-00082-00056188-00056860 thought of believing in it rather than the thought of doubting it you reach for the feeling of love +07wk2JF0n5I-00083-00056860-00057622 rather than the easier feeling of hate you reach for the feeling of positive expectation even if +07wk2JF0n5I-00084-00057622-00058230 there is an manifested reason for it and then another vehicle in another vehicle in another +07wk2JF0n5I-00085-00058230-00058807 vehicle in another vehicle and you never become those physical beings who say I can't wait till +07wk2JF0n5I-00086-00058807-00059473 I die so that I can rest in heaven instead you say what's more what's more what's more what's +07wk2JF0n5I-00087-00059473-00060016 more what's more what's more much more and when you get hooked in with those like us who know +07wk2JF0n5I-00088-00060016-00060490 the more that you've already asked for who not only know what you've asked for but where you +07wk2JF0n5I-00089-00060490-00061312 stand in relationship to it and who know what your vibrational warfare is what your spiritual +07wk2JF0n5I-00090-00061312-00062249 warfare is which means we like that term terrible as it is know where your points of resistance are +07wk2JF0n5I-00091-00062249-00063239 since we know what your path of most resistance is or your path of least resistance or better +07wk2JF0n5I-00092-00063239-00064129 stated your path of most allowance we can lead you to the ridiculous idea of prying your washer +07wk2JF0n5I-00093-00064129-00064901 open with a crowbar which will lead you to the feeling of freedom of your clothes being freed +07wk2JF0n5I-00094-00064901-00065855 from the bondage of the maniacal washing machine which can lead you to the humor and the fun with a +07wk2JF0n5I-00095-00065855-00066380 new friend who knows for sure or wants to believe that you're not really going to pry open your new +07wk2JF0n5I-00096-00066380-00066971 washing machine with a crowbar which leads you to the fun that leads you to the idea that leads +07wk2JF0n5I-00097-00066971-00067328 you to the impulse that leads you to the phone call that leads you to the result that you want +07wk2JF0n5I-00098-00067328-00067976 there's always a path of least resistance you just got to stop beating up on yourself on how +07wk2JF0n5I-00099-00067976-00068786 hairy the path is and just start as you said wisely enjoying the journey enough thank you +07UmvZCkZBu-00000-00000461-00000950 oesophagus. For swallowing to take place properly bolus should form in the mouth +07UmvZCkZBu-00001-00000950-00001550 and tongue should push it to back up mouth. Then all unnecessary parts need to +07UmvZCkZBu-00002-00001550-00002156 be blocked -nasopharynx should be closed, air path should be closed and esophageal +07UmvZCkZBu-00003-00002156-00002774 path should open and finally bolus should pass via esophagus to stomach. +07UmvZCkZBu-00004-00002774-00003323 These different actions are defined as different phases of swallowing-oral, +07UmvZCkZBu-00005-00003323-00003893 pharyngeal and esophageal. Before we go into details of each of the phase we +07UmvZCkZBu-00006-00003893-00004373 should know some structural details- the posterior wall of pharynx- it has three +07UmvZCkZBu-00007-00004373-00005123 different sphincters superior, middle and inferior plus esophagus it is mostly of +07UmvZCkZBu-00008-00005123-00005786 smooth muscle but the initial 1/3 portion of esophagus is striated muscle. +07UmvZCkZBu-00009-00005786-00006431 In oral phase, tongue pushes against the palate like this- separating a part of +07UmvZCkZBu-00010-00006431-00007022 the bolus from the food in the mouth so bolus will reach to the posterior +07UmvZCkZBu-00011-00007022-00007648 pharyngeal wall. For oral phase to function properly we want muscles of jaw, +07UmvZCkZBu-00012-00007648-00008189 facial muscles and tongue muscles to function properly. These muscles are +07UmvZCkZBu-00013-00008189-00008861 supplied by 5th, 7th and 12th cranial nerves. So these cranial nerves +07UmvZCkZBu-00014-00008861-00009386 should be intact for oral phase to function properly plus size of the bolus +07UmvZCkZBu-00015-00009386-00010070 formed is also important. Now oral phase is a voluntary phase, rest other two +07UmvZCkZBu-00016-00010070-00010607 phases- the pharyngeal and esophageal phase are involuntary. As bolus touches +07UmvZCkZBu-00017-00010607-00011165 the oral pharyngeal wall, it initiates pharyngeal phase that is the second +07UmvZCkZBu-00018-00011165-00011681 phase. Touching of bolus through the oropharyngeal wall initiates a reflex +07UmvZCkZBu-00019-00011681-00012332 response where sensory receptors present at the wall of oropharynx are +07UmvZCkZBu-00020-00012332-00012968 stimulated and afferents then go via ninth and tenth cranial nerves to +07UmvZCkZBu-00021-00012968-00013578 swallowing center in medulla. From there a series of motor responses are initiated +07UmvZCkZBu-00022-00013578-00014159 which bring about entry of bolus into the esophagus. The series of responses +07UmvZCkZBu-00023-00014159-00014730 include contraction of superior constrictor of the pharynx and elevation +07UmvZCkZBu-00024-00014730-00015333 of the soft palate so as to close the nasopharynx then there is contraction of +07UmvZCkZBu-00025-00015333-00016020 the laryngeal muscles and larynx is pulled upward and anteriorly and laryngeal +07UmvZCkZBu-00026-00016020-00016653 opening is closed. Not only that, there is flipping back of epiglottis for closure +07UmvZCkZBu-00027-00016653-00017256 of the air path with inhibition of respiration. So to close the air passage +07UmvZCkZBu-00028-00017256-00017844 three things are taking place- larynx is moving anteriorly and upward with +07UmvZCkZBu-00029-00017844-00018536 closure of glottis, epiglottis is closing the path and there is inhibition of +07UmvZCkZBu-00030-00018536-00019029 respiration. This is important because the food enters the air pathway it can +07UmvZCkZBu-00031-00019029-00019593 lead to pneumonia. When larynx moves upward and anteriorly what happens is it +07UmvZCkZBu-00032-00019593-00020142 stretches this path and widens the opening of the esophagus. As it happens +07UmvZCkZBu-00033-00020142-00020646 there is sequential contraction of the other constrictors- that is the middle +07UmvZCkZBu-00034-00020646-00021120 and inferior constrictors of the pharynx also- with relaxation of the +07UmvZCkZBu-00035-00021120-00021759 upper esophageal sphincter for entry of food into the esophagus. All these events +07UmvZCkZBu-00036-00021759-00022226 closure of the nasopharynx, closure of the airways and opening of the +07UmvZCkZBu-00037-00022226-00022962 esophagus occur in less than one second. So this is a quick reflex response. When +07UmvZCkZBu-00038-00022962-00023472 food enters the esophagus, there starts a wave of peristalsis. Because of +07UmvZCkZBu-00039-00023472-00023943 distension of the esophagus caused by the bolus there are stretch signals from +07UmvZCkZBu-00040-00023943-00024465 the esophageal wall which cause contraction of the esophageal muscles +07UmvZCkZBu-00041-00024465-00024969 behind the bolus and relaxation ahead of the bolus- so there is a wave of +07UmvZCkZBu-00042-00024969-00025512 contraction and relaxation which keeps on moving the bolus into the esophagus. +07UmvZCkZBu-00043-00025512-00026217 This is known as primary peristalsis- the peristalsis which is preceded by the +07UmvZCkZBu-00044-00026217-00026640 oral and pharyngeal phases. But what will happen if this peristalsis +07UmvZCkZBu-00045-00026640-00027195 is not strong enough? Then the food will get stuck in the esophagus. You +07UmvZCkZBu-00046-00027195-00027501 might have experience of bolus getting stuck. +07UmvZCkZBu-00047-00027501-00028038 Suppose if the size of the bolus is too large or you were too fast in +07UmvZCkZBu-00048-00028038-00028485 swallowing it- then there was not proper bolus formation and lubrication of the +07UmvZCkZBu-00049-00028485-00028776 bolus. This creates another wave of peristalsis +07UmvZCkZBu-00050-00028776-00029253 due to distension of the esophageal wall caused by the bolus. +07UmvZCkZBu-00051-00029253-00029760 Now that peristalsis is known as secondary peristalsis. So second peristalsis +07UmvZCkZBu-00052-00029760-00030306 is due to distension of the esophageal wall and is not preceded by +07UmvZCkZBu-00053-00030306-00030792 oral and pharyngeal phases as opposed to primary peristalsis. +07UmvZCkZBu-00054-00030792-00031269 It's a predictive response so that bolus can be pushed into the stomach, +07UmvZCkZBu-00055-00031269-00031761 Secondary peristalsis is also initiated in case the contents from the +07UmvZCkZBu-00056-00031761-00032211 stomach reflux back into the esophagus- they also cause distension of the +07UmvZCkZBu-00057-00032211-00032748 esophagus and then there is secondary peristalsis. So it empties the esophagus +07UmvZCkZBu-00058-00032748-00033318 of the gastric contents. Tt takes approximately 10 seconds for food to +07UmvZCkZBu-00059-00033318-00033945 pass from esophagus into the stomach and this peristaltic wave is important for +07UmvZCkZBu-00060-00033945-00034572 transport of both solids and liquids. So even we are upright beings and the +07UmvZCkZBu-00061-00034572-00035106 gravity supports this transport from esophagus to stomach but still the +07UmvZCkZBu-00062-00035106-00035616 peristatic wave is essential for both solids and liquids transfer into the stomach. Now +07UmvZCkZBu-00063-00035616-00036074 this esophagus is functionally divided into upper esophageal sphincter, +07UmvZCkZBu-00064-00036074-00036702 esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter. Upper esophageal sphincter forms +07UmvZCkZBu-00065-00036702-00037227 the upper 3 centimeter of esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter forms the lower +07UmvZCkZBu-00066-00037227-00037698 3 centimeter. We saw that upper esophageal sphincter relaxes in the +07UmvZCkZBu-00067-00037698-00038340 pharyngeal phase. Similarly as food bolus is passing from esophagus to stomach +07UmvZCkZBu-00068-00038340-00038937 lower esophageal relaxes and it is because of this peristaltic wave which +07UmvZCkZBu-00069-00038937-00039485 is travelling. But normally this LES- lower esophageal sphincter is tonically +07UmvZCkZBu-00070-00039485-00039897 contracted that means it is always kept in contracted state. +07UmvZCkZBu-00071-00039897-00040380 So this diagram is showing the lower esophageal sphincter -here esophagus is +07UmvZCkZBu-00072-00040380-00040851 making contact with the stomach so this this is showing the stomach. Now it is +07UmvZCkZBu-00073-00040851-00041271 important that it remains tonically contracted so that contents from the +07UmvZCkZBu-00074-00041271-00041820 stomach should not pass into the esophagus. Tt's a very delicate place +07UmvZCkZBu-00075-00041820-00042444 because if acid from stomach moves into the esophagus then it can corrode the +07UmvZCkZBu-00076-00042444-00042999 lining of the esophagus and it can also lead to ulcers. Ulcers when heal it can +07UmvZCkZBu-00077-00042999-00043563 lead to stenosis and narrowing of the esophagus. So not only the lower +07UmvZCkZBu-00078-00043563-00043986 esophageal sphincter but there are other mechanisms also to keep it contracted +07UmvZCkZBu-00079-00043986-00044565 and these are the diaphragmatic fibers which form the external sphincter and +07UmvZCkZBu-00080-00044565-00045162 there are also these sling fibers of stomach. So when there is increasing in +07UmvZCkZBu-00081-00045162-00045690 intraabdominal pressure, these fibers contract and they narrow the opening of +07UmvZCkZBu-00082-00045690-00046134 esophagus into the stomach. So whenever there is rise in intra-abdominal +07UmvZCkZBu-00083-00046134-00046740 pressure such as in coughing or straining so it doesn't happen that contents from +07UmvZCkZBu-00084-00046740-00047217 stomach go into the esophagus. Only in extreme increase in +07UmvZCkZBu-00085-00047217-00047649 intraabdominal pressure- will this backflow or reflux will happen. +07UmvZCkZBu-00086-00047649-00048149 So this is the normal mechanism of swallowing- it consists of three phases +07UmvZCkZBu-00087-00048149-00048689 oral, pharyngeal and esophageal. +09VsB1pH9mM-00000-00000368-00000619 What looked like tendrils on my Kalanchoes +09VsB1pH9mM-00001-00000690-00000952 turned out to be twig mimicking caterpillars. +09VsB1pH9mM-00002-00001336-00001685 These insects perceive color through skin sensors +09VsB1pH9mM-00003-00001685-00002000 and change color to match their surroundings +09VsB1pH9mM-00004-00002152-00002504 This camouflage helps avoid detection by birds +0s_R8IIi4UM-00000-00000012-00000222 This time I'm playing the Skywars Lucky Block gamemode. +0s_R8IIi4UM-00001-00000222-00000306 Here we go! +0s_R8IIi4UM-00002-00000426-00000714 After I got all the Lucky Blocks out of the chests. +0s_R8IIi4UM-00003-00000714-00000942 I opened them hoping for the best. +0s_R8IIi4UM-00004-00001194-00001319 And what I got was: Chickens +0s_R8IIi4UM-00005-00001319-00001341 A trap Two bows +0s_R8IIi4UM-00006-00001341-00001362 And a rose a hat that played music +0s_R8IIi4UM-00007-00001362-00001464 And a pair of boots. +0s_R8IIi4UM-00008-00001464-00001950 I randomly started shooting people with a bow, but they had melon bombs against me to throw. +0s_R8IIi4UM-00009-00001950-00002165 But then they used a grappling hook to leave their base on half a heart, +0s_R8IIi4UM-00010-00002165-00002496 and then when they stopped using it they realized that it wasn't smart. +0s_R8IIi4UM-00011-00002496-00002748 Then there was a chest refill. I opened all the Lucky Blocks, +0s_R8IIi4UM-00012-00002748-00002856 but that was slightly overkill. +0s_R8IIi4UM-00013-00002856-00003096 I was ready to teleport, making ready everything I got. +0s_R8IIi4UM-00014-00003096-00003335 Not gonna lie I was terrified, because that could have been my demise. +0s_R8IIi4UM-00015-00003335-00003502 And when I got tp'ed, +0s_R8IIi4UM-00016-00003502-00003576 I instantly went back, and attacked. +0s_R8IIi4UM-00017-00003576-00003600 But as I just started, they looked back, +0s_R8IIi4UM-00018-00003600-00003602 exploded and attacked. +0s_R8IIi4UM-00019-00003602-00004194 And I really closely ended up winning this fight, because someone was defeated by their +0s_R8IIi4UM-00020-00004194-00004266 own dynamite. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00000-00001513-00002103 July 28, 2084, is the day when the first colony on Mars was founded. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00001-00002103-00002353 SpaceTech became pioneers of a new world. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00002-00002390-00002843 And today we are celebrating the Science and Technology Fair dedicated to them! +0sLY4vY1wKE-00003-00002886-00003033 Wanna know what's going on behind me? +0sLY4vY1wKE-00004-00003123-00003393 Oh, it's SpaceTech brought their latest creation to show off. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00005-00003446-00003713 It's terrific. We'll tell you about it in a minute. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00006-00003773-00003916 So, the fair! +0sLY4vY1wKE-00007-00004113-00004560 Complete festive tasks, finish the special operation, fight in weekly Skirmishes. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00008-00004603-00004983 Do whatever Spacetech will ask you, and you will be handsomely rewarded! +0sLY4vY1wKE-00009-00005046-00005500 Outstanding pilots have arrived to celebrate! Hurry up to recruit them. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00010-00005553-00005653 Manni +0sLY4vY1wKE-00011-00005816-00006030 Manni loves going spectacular. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00012-00006073-00006703 As a pilot, he makes enemies feel like they've got an edge, and then strikes back with extra strength. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00013-00006796-00006913 Raphael Petit +0sLY4vY1wKE-00014-00007103-00007490 DSC Lead Design Engineer handles flamethrowers best of all. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00015-00007526-00007823 His favorites are Blaze, Igniter, and Ember. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00016-00007896-00008016 Dew Tompkins +0sLY4vY1wKE-00017-00008156-00008276 A glorified Shell pilot. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00018-00008326-00008980 Dew learned to use Shell's explosions to suppress the enemies, which helped him find his freedom some time ago. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00019-00008996-00009350 Check out the new special editions for Fafnir and Skadi. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00020-00009403-00009586 You will shine on the battlefield! +0sLY4vY1wKE-00021-00009640-00009856 Okay. We know what you are waiting for. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00022-00009906-00010376 Meet the cutting-edge SpaceTech creation - Titan Murometz! +0sLY4vY1wKE-00023-00010480-00010560 It flies... +0sLY4vY1wKE-00024-00010580-00010800 ...unleashes a hailstorm of missiles on the ground... +0sLY4vY1wKE-00025-00010830-00011130 ...and disables the abilities of enemies that got too close. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00026-00011196-00011550 Not enough? You can dish out even more rockets if you want! +0sLY4vY1wKE-00027-00011583-00012026 Equip Murometz with new homing weapons: Bulava and Kisten. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00028-00012103-00012573 A devastating rumbling will be everywhere — no one can survive. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00029-00012596-00012713 This update has more: +0sLY4vY1wKE-00030-00012760-00013160 A new drone, a microchip, tweaks to the Item Enhancement system. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00031-00013186-00013433 Learn about all that in the update notes. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00032-00013463-00013626 The link is in the description. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00033-00013656-00013900 Hurry up to the SpaceTech Fair! +0sLY4vY1wKE-00034-00013983-00014186 And happy hunting, commanders! +0sLY4vY1wKE-00035-00014296-00014490 Looking for more War Robots content? +0sLY4vY1wKE-00036-00014550-00014773 Check out the Murometz overview here. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00037-00014810-00015033 And other videos here and here. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00038-00015116-00015413 You can find the full update notes by the link in description. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00039-00015440-00015760 And follow War Robots on Reddit for memes and discussions. +0sLY4vY1wKE-00040-00015823-00015919 Until next time! +0tGzVvhe-KA-00000-00000000-00000231 WELCOME TO A NEW WEEK OF THE RUNDOWN. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00001-00000231-00000423 ON THIS EPISODE, THE NAVY IS ACCEPTING +0tGzVvhe-KA-00002-00000423-00000677 NOMINATIONS FOR A LEADERSHIP AWARD, +0tGzVvhe-KA-00003-00000677-00000855 THERE ARE EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES AT THE +0tGzVvhe-KA-00004-00000855-00001067 NAVY POST GRADUATE SCHOOL, AND WE’RE PREPARING +0tGzVvhe-KA-00005-00001067-00001719 FOR THE E-4 THROUGH E-6 ADVANCEMENT RESULTS. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00006-00001719-00001898 THE NAVY IS SEEKING QUALIFIED SAILORS +0tGzVvhe-KA-00007-00001898-00002186 FOR THE 2017 CAPTAIN JOY BRIGHT HANCOCK +0tGzVvhe-KA-00008-00002186-00002376 AND MASTER CHIEF ANNA DER- VARTANIAN +0tGzVvhe-KA-00009-00002376-00002616 LEADERSHIP AWARD. THE ANNUAL AWARD +0tGzVvhe-KA-00010-00002616-00002790 IS PRESENTED TO SAILORS WHO EXHIBIT +0tGzVvhe-KA-00011-00002790-00003011 INSPIRATIONAL LEADERSHIP SKILLS, FOSTER A +0tGzVvhe-KA-00012-00003011-00003198 POSITIVE WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND HELP FURTHER +0tGzVvhe-KA-00013-00003198-00003407 THE INTEGRATION OF WOMEN IN THE NAVY. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00014-00003407-00003665 NOMINEES ARE BROKEN INTO FIVE CATEGORIES +0tGzVvhe-KA-00015-00003665-00003927 RANGING FROM SENIOR OFFICER TO JUNIOR ENLISTED. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00016-00003927-00004212 CANDIDATES MAY BE ACTIVE DUTY +0tGzVvhe-KA-00017-00004212-00004457 OR RESERVE SAILORS, AND SHALL BE NOMINATED BY +0tGzVvhe-KA-00018-00004457-00004748 THEIR C-O OR OFFICER IN CHARGE. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00019-00004748-00004941 THE APPLICATION DEADLINE IS FEBRUARY 15. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00020-00004941-00005202 CHECK OUT OUR STORY ON NAVY.MIL FOR +0tGzVvhe-KA-00021-00005202-00005391 MORE INFORMATION INCLUDING LINKS TO THE +0tGzVvhe-KA-00022-00005391-00005637 N-P-C WEB PAGE THAT DETAILS HOW TO APPLY FOR THE AWARD. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00023-00005637-00005994 SAILORS INTERESTED IN EARNING +0tGzVvhe-KA-00024-00005994-00006146 THEIR MASTER’S DEGREE, OR +0tGzVvhe-KA-00025-00006146-00006351 A GRADUATE CERTIFICATE CAN DO SO THROUGH +0tGzVvhe-KA-00026-00006351-00006536 THE NAVAL POST GRADUATE SCHOOL DISTANCE +0tGzVvhe-KA-00027-00006536-00006786 LEARNING PROGRAMS. THE DISTANCE LEARNING +0tGzVvhe-KA-00028-00006786-00007047 PROGRAMS ARE PART TIME PROGRAMS OPEN TO +0tGzVvhe-KA-00029-00007047-00007278 SAILORS AND D-O-D CIVILIANS WHO WOULD LIKE TO +0tGzVvhe-KA-00030-00007278-00007422 EARN A DEGREE BEYOND THE TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM SETTING. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00031-00007422-00007772 MID-GRADE OFFICERS CAN APPLY +0tGzVvhe-KA-00032-00007772-00007922 TO EARN THEIR MASTER DEGREE, +0tGzVvhe-KA-00033-00007922-00008133 WHILE GRADUATE CERTIFICATES OPPORTUNITIES +0tGzVvhe-KA-00034-00008133-00008307 ARE OPEN FOR QUALIFIED ENLISTED PERSONNEL. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00035-00008307-00008604 THE PROGRAMS USUALLY LAST +0tGzVvhe-KA-00036-00008604-00008856 BETWEEN 12 TO 24 MONTHS. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00037-00008856-00009047 SOME OF THE PROGRAMS INCLUDE: SYSTEM ENGINEERING, +0tGzVvhe-KA-00038-00009047-00009342 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND UNDER WATER ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00039-00009342-00009777 CHECK OUT NAVADMIN 250/16 FOR +0tGzVvhe-KA-00040-00009777-00009999 ENROLLMENTS REQUIREMENT, AND VISIT THE WEBSITE +0tGzVvhe-KA-00041-00009999-00010221 BELOW TO ACCESS THE STUDENT APPLICATION FORM. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00042-00010221-00010653 E-4 THROUGH E-6 ADVANCEMENT QUOTAS WILL BE +0tGzVvhe-KA-00043-00010653-00010865 RELEASED THIS WEEK, AS WELL AS THE NAMES +0tGzVvhe-KA-00044-00010865-00011109 OF THOSE WHO WERE SELECTED. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00045-00011109-00011382 ON NOV. 21, QUOTAS FOR ACTIVE DUTY, FULL TIME +0tGzVvhe-KA-00046-00011382-00011547 SUPPORT AND SELECTIVE RESERVE SAILORS +0tGzVvhe-KA-00047-00011547-00011856 WILL BE POSTED ON ALL HANDS MAGAZINE. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00048-00011856-00012071 ON NOV. 22, ADVANCEMENT RESULTS WILL BE +0tGzVvhe-KA-00049-00012071-00012300 POSTED TO COMMAND TRIADS' BUPERS ONLINE (BOL) +0tGzVvhe-KA-00050-00012300-00012639 ACCOUNTS, AND ON NOV. 23, NAMES WILL BE +0tGzVvhe-KA-00051-00012639-00012845 POSTED ON ALL HANDS MAGAZINE. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00052-00012845-00013053 GOOD LUCK TO ALL WHO TOOK THE TEST. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00053-00013053-00013365 AS A FINAL NOTE, THERE WILL BE NO +0tGzVvhe-KA-00054-00013365-00013538 WEEKLY WIRE NEWSLETTER OR RUNDOWN EPISODE +0tGzVvhe-KA-00055-00013538-00013712 NEXT WEEK DUE TO THE THANKSGIVING HOLIDAY. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00056-00013712-00013979 WE AT C-N-P HOPE YOU HAVE A GREAT THANKSGIVING. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00057-00013979-00014294 THAT’S ALL FOR THIS WEEK; +0tGzVvhe-KA-00058-00014294-00014516 FOR ANY QUESTIONS, SEND US A MESSAGE AT +0tGzVvhe-KA-00059-00014516-00014787 USNPEOPLE.FCT@NAVY.MIL. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00060-00014787-00015035 FOR THE CHIEF OF NAVAL PERSONNEL, +0tGzVvhe-KA-00061-00015035-00015179 I’M PETTY OFFICER 2ND CLASS LJ BURLESON. +0tGzVvhe-KA-00062-00015179-00015835 THANKS FOR WATCHING. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00000-00000206-00000564 Good evening, everyone +0uowxFgCG5Q-00001-00000564-00000811 and welcome to the Menlo Park City Council My +0uowxFgCG5Q-00002-00000811-00001086 name is Mayor Pro Tem Cecilia Taylor +0uowxFgCG5Q-00003-00001086-00001458 Welcome to all the youth poets, parents, caregivers, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00004-00001458-00001680 and families here with us tonight +0uowxFgCG5Q-00005-00001680-00002018 for the Menlo Park Youth Poetry celebration! +0uowxFgCG5Q-00006-00002018-00002308 Thank you for joining us on this special occasion. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00007-00002308-00002650 Menlo Park's Young people inspire us with their +0uowxFgCG5Q-00008-00002650-00002946 boundless energy and creative spirit. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00009-00002946-00003114 The youth of Menlo Park +0uowxFgCG5Q-00010-00003114-00003438 are our city's most precious asset. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00011-00003438-00003704 Tonight, we have the pleasure of recognizing all +0uowxFgCG5Q-00012-00003704-00003926 the poets in our community +0uowxFgCG5Q-00013-00003926-00004228 and hearing four of their original poems +0uowxFgCG5Q-00014-00004228-00004516 on the theme, "If I were a book..." +0uowxFgCG5Q-00015-00004516-00004704 To begin the presentation +0uowxFgCG5Q-00016-00004704-00004934 I would like to introduce our library services +0uowxFgCG5Q-00017-00004934-00005278 director, Sean Reinhart. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00018-00005680-00006168 Test 1-2. Okay, great. This one's for the poets. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00019-00006170-00006394 Thank you, Mayor Pro Tem. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00020-00006394-00006620 Good evening, everyone. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00021-00006698-00006930 As Mayor Pro Tem Taylor mentioned, this is a very +0uowxFgCG5Q-00022-00006930-00007159 special evening; welcome to all of you. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00023-00007159-00007490 Thank you for being here. We're going to get right to it +0uowxFgCG5Q-00024-00007490-00007772 and have some of our winning poets come up and read +0uowxFgCG5Q-00025-00007772-00007952 their poems in just a minute, but first I'd just +0uowxFgCG5Q-00026-00007952-00008210 like to thank a few people. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00027-00008210-00008474 First of all, I want to thank some of the library +0uowxFgCG5Q-00028-00008474-00008764 staff who were responsible for putting this event +0uowxFgCG5Q-00029-00008764-00009114 together; in particular I want to +0uowxFgCG5Q-00030-00009114-00009544 recognize our teen librarian Gina Feil. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00031-00009544-00009664 Please give Gina +0uowxFgCG5Q-00032-00009664-00009940 Applause +0uowxFgCG5Q-00033-00010090-00010412 Standing next to her is our +0uowxFgCG5Q-00034-00010412-00010536 assistant library director Nick Szegda +0uowxFgCG5Q-00035-00010536-00010664 Many of you know Nick +0uowxFgCG5Q-00036-00010664-00010952 great job +0uowxFgCG5Q-00037-00010952-00011262 In the back there taking photos +0uowxFgCG5Q-00038-00011262-00011704 program specialist John Weaver; wave to the folks, John. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00039-00011792-00012046 And I see people on the back of the room Rani Singh, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00040-00012046-00012408 Jennifer Wilkins and Winnie Chan +0uowxFgCG5Q-00041-00012408-00012580 give them around of applause. This is the library +0uowxFgCG5Q-00042-00012580-00012969 staff who put together the event +0uowxFgCG5Q-00043-00012969-00013291 we're just astounded when we started this contest +0uowxFgCG5Q-00044-00013291-00013532 in partnership with the Menlo Park Library +0uowxFgCG5Q-00045-00013532-00013794 Foundation we're going to hear from them in a minute +0uowxFgCG5Q-00046-00013794-00014091 we thought we'd do this contest and we might get 50 +0uowxFgCG5Q-00047-00014091-00014282 or 60 poems +0uowxFgCG5Q-00048-00014282-00014652 We actually received almost 200 entries in this contest +0uowxFgCG5Q-00049-00014782-00014988 which is an amazing number. Give you all give +0uowxFgCG5Q-00050-00014988-00015318 yourselves around of applause +0uowxFgCG5Q-00051-00015400-00015691 And let me tell you I had the pleasure of reading +0uowxFgCG5Q-00052-00015691-00015919 every one of these poems and they were all +0uowxFgCG5Q-00053-00015919-00016068 incredible +0uowxFgCG5Q-00054-00016068-00016262 and it was -- they're just really +0uowxFgCG5Q-00055-00016262-00016718 mind blowing and so heartfelt and so moving +0uowxFgCG5Q-00056-00016718-00017036 It was actually a very challenging task for the +0uowxFgCG5Q-00057-00017036-00017238 judging panel to pick out +0uowxFgCG5Q-00058-00017238-00017582 winners and honorable mentions Every poem is +0uowxFgCG5Q-00059-00017582-00017794 astounding but we had to narrow it down +0uowxFgCG5Q-00060-00017794-00017896 So +0uowxFgCG5Q-00061-00017896-00018088 the last folks I want to thank before I bring up +0uowxFgCG5Q-00062-00018088-00018354 our foundation. Folks are the panelists who +0uowxFgCG5Q-00063-00018354-00018598 reviewed all of these poems +0uowxFgCG5Q-00064-00018598-00018828 here in the room is one of the panelists at +0uowxFgCG5Q-00065-00018828-00018920 Jackie Berger +0uowxFgCG5Q-00066-00018920-00019088 who's from +0uowxFgCG5Q-00067-00019088-00019340 the M.A. English program at Notre Dame de Namur +0uowxFgCG5Q-00068-00019340-00019578 wave to the folks Jackie. She did a +0uowxFgCG5Q-00069-00019578-00019804 phenomenal service +0uowxFgCG5Q-00070-00019804-00020012 reading all those poems and judging them. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00071-00020012-00020124 Sitting next to her is +0uowxFgCG5Q-00072-00020192-00020380 a member of the Library Foundation board who is +0uowxFgCG5Q-00073-00020380-00020504 also a judge +0uowxFgCG5Q-00074-00020504-00020958 Betsy Halaby is here. Thank you, Betsy. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00075-00020958-00021258 I don't think she's here this evening. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00076-00021258-00021486 our former library commissioner +0uowxFgCG5Q-00077-00021486-00021790 and a reading specialist at Oak Knoll School +0uowxFgCG5Q-00078-00021790-00022062 Jackie Cebrian was another one of our panelists +0uowxFgCG5Q-00079-00022062-00022116 let's +0uowxFgCG5Q-00080-00022116-00022470 applaud her in absentia +0uowxFgCG5Q-00081-00022478-00022798 They sat in a room for hours reading all these +0uowxFgCG5Q-00082-00022798-00022958 poems... and then finally +0uowxFgCG5Q-00083-00022958-00023340 I'm not sure if she's here our fourth panelist +0uowxFgCG5Q-00084-00023340-00023626 is the San Mateo County Poet Laureate +0uowxFgCG5Q-00085-00023626-00023988 Aileen Cassinetto. Is Aileen here this evening? +0uowxFgCG5Q-00086-00023988-00024290 Let's give a round of applause for the TV cameras +0uowxFgCG5Q-00087-00024290-00024666 Thank you Aileen for all the help you gave us. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00088-00024666-00024880 So without further ado thank you everyone. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00089-00024880-00025036 Thank you to everyone who entered I'd like to introduce +0uowxFgCG5Q-00090-00025036-00025208 the President of the Menlo Park +0uowxFgCG5Q-00091-00025208-00025558 Library Foundation, Elyse Stein. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00092-00025866-00026048 So hello +0uowxFgCG5Q-00093-00026048-00026452 as he said, my name is Elyse Stein I'm here +0uowxFgCG5Q-00094-00026452-00026838 to represent the Menlo Park Library Foundation +0uowxFgCG5Q-00095-00026838-00027172 We are, we tend to be the fundraising arm of the +0uowxFgCG5Q-00096-00027172-00027300 library +0uowxFgCG5Q-00097-00027300-00027498 and I want to introduce a couple of the other +0uowxFgCG5Q-00098-00027498-00027795 board members. Betsy Halaby you've already met +0uowxFgCG5Q-00099-00027795-00028064 She is one of the judges +0uowxFgCG5Q-00100-00028064-00028439 and to her left is Lynne Fovinci +0uowxFgCG5Q-00101-00028516-00028742 who is our treasurer +0uowxFgCG5Q-00102-00029110-00029362 So I want to talk for a minute about this +0uowxFgCG5Q-00103-00029362-00029748 wonderful contest, which we were very proud to +0uowxFgCG5Q-00104-00029748-00029870 co-sponsor +0uowxFgCG5Q-00105-00029870-00030106 It really shines a light +0uowxFgCG5Q-00106-00030106-00030442 on the high levels of literacy and creativity of +0uowxFgCG5Q-00107-00030442-00030620 our young people +0uowxFgCG5Q-00108-00030620-00030808 and really +0uowxFgCG5Q-00109-00030808-00031098 focuses on their +0uowxFgCG5Q-00110-00031098-00031452 self expression which really blew me away. When I +0uowxFgCG5Q-00111-00031452-00031692 read all the poems that I could get my hands on, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00112-00031692-00031864 it was really terrific +0uowxFgCG5Q-00113-00031864-00032289 So I want to thank each and every one of the +0uowxFgCG5Q-00114-00032289-00032622 poets for their contributions +0uowxFgCG5Q-00115-00032622-00032852 and if they wouldn't mind if the poets could just +0uowxFgCG5Q-00116-00032852-00033198 stand up for a minute +0uowxFgCG5Q-00117-00033242-00033556 Yes +0uowxFgCG5Q-00118-00034658-00034896 Alright take your seats +0uowxFgCG5Q-00119-00034896-00035184 Thank you again for those contributions each and +0uowxFgCG5Q-00120-00035184-00035362 everyone of you +0uowxFgCG5Q-00121-00035362-00035612 we want to wish you the best of luck +0uowxFgCG5Q-00122-00035612-00035774 and we hope +0uowxFgCG5Q-00123-00035774-00036088 that you will continue to write poetry +0uowxFgCG5Q-00124-00036088-00036342 for the rest of your days +0uowxFgCG5Q-00125-00036342-00036778 So now now, I'm going to ask Cecilia +0uowxFgCG5Q-00126-00036778-00036932 Taylor, our +0uowxFgCG5Q-00127-00036932-00037080 Pro Tem Mayor +0uowxFgCG5Q-00128-00037080-00037468 to come and join me at the podium +0uowxFgCG5Q-00129-00038096-00038294 Stand with you +0uowxFgCG5Q-00130-00039076-00039366 Thank you for your work +0uowxFgCG5Q-00131-00039366-00039690 okay. Our first presentation for their poem is +0uowxFgCG5Q-00132-00039690-00040078 gonna be Emilia Hansen +0uowxFgCG5Q-00133-00041052-00041298 If I were a book +0uowxFgCG5Q-00134-00041298-00041682 If I were a book I would have hilarious adventures +0uowxFgCG5Q-00135-00041682-00041904 I would have superhero dreams +0uowxFgCG5Q-00136-00041904-00042140 I would swim in beautiful seas +0uowxFgCG5Q-00137-00042140-00042458 I could fly over gigantic green trees +0uowxFgCG5Q-00138-00042458-00042858 I could walk in a castle where you need lots of keys +0uowxFgCG5Q-00139-00042858-00043064 I could be aboard a pirate ship +0uowxFgCG5Q-00140-00043064-00043454 with my friend named Mc. Pufferson Heavenly Fleas +0uowxFgCG5Q-00141-00043454-00043612 And I could see humongous waves +0uowxFgCG5Q-00142-00043622-00043828 which makes me look brave +0uowxFgCG5Q-00143-00043828-00044104 I could see bats who live in dark dark caves +0uowxFgCG5Q-00144-00044104-00044272 (who also look brave) +0uowxFgCG5Q-00145-00044272-00044506 Why not have you look at a monster band, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00146-00044506-00044828 or have you read about crabs who like to live in sand? +0uowxFgCG5Q-00147-00044952-00045082 Maybe learn about mermaids +0uowxFgCG5Q-00148-00045082-00045310 who dive around secret lands? +0uowxFgCG5Q-00149-00045310-00045624 Or about funny people who like to dance! +0uowxFgCG5Q-00150-00045624-00045828 And learn how to prance... +0uowxFgCG5Q-00151-00045828-00046196 maybe a handstand in France? +0uowxFgCG5Q-00152-00046196-00046510 I would love to see all different types of faces +0uowxFgCG5Q-00153-00046510-00046764 And the eyes of different races, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00154-00046764-00047048 I would like to see the faces of delight, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00155-00047048-00047276 or faces having a great fright. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00156-00047276-00047534 But mostly I love to see faces cry, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00157-00047534-00047824 When they say to me - the book +0uowxFgCG5Q-00158-00047824-00048098 bye bye! +0uowxFgCG5Q-00159-00048736-00049062 Here to present you with this award from the +0uowxFgCG5Q-00160-00049062-00049542 Library Foundation, congratulations on your win +0uowxFgCG5Q-00161-00049542-00049752 Please join us and we will take a quick photograph of +0uowxFgCG5Q-00162-00049752-00050128 you with your prize +0uowxFgCG5Q-00163-00050168-00050788 (Look tall, Emilia!) +0uowxFgCG5Q-00164-00051162-00051514 Let's hear it for Emilia! +0uowxFgCG5Q-00165-00051754-00052328 Our next poet would be Sophia Gamini +0uowxFgCG5Q-00166-00053517-00053824 So I'm not embarrassed to say, I did make a +0uowxFgCG5Q-00167-00053824-00054184 couple of mistakes on my poem. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00168-00054498-00054738 My crisp pages turn, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00169-00054738-00055022 dancing, spinning, in a dim candlelight +0uowxFgCG5Q-00170-00055022-00055304 My worn-out pages ripped, burned, and broken +0uowxFgCG5Q-00171-00055304-00055490 waiting to be tended. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00172-00055490-00055728 My words, some may call magical, whispering of the future. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00173-00055728-00055948 Beholding the past. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00174-00055948-00056164 My words dance with glee, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00175-00056164-00056388 for there is still happiness inside of me. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00176-00056388-00056610 I have been read millions of times, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00177-00056610-00056850 hearing the whisper of their words, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00178-00056850-00056940 like silk being thrown into air, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00179-00056940-00057198 going in all sorts of direction, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00180-00057198-00057428 dancing as it falls into the empty air. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00181-00057428-00057614 Each person reads delicately, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00182-00057614-00057840 like they're frightened if they read any different, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00183-00057840-00058074 I will rip into a million different pieces, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00184-00058074-00058332 and can never be mended again. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00185-00058332-00058491 But they do not know, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00186-00058491-00058836 that if that is to happen, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00187-00058836-00058904 my words still live on. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00188-00058904-00059288 Floating in air, like dust, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00189-00059288-00059376 still whispering words of wisdom. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00190-00059376-00059658 If you listen so softly, you might hear me. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00191-00059658-00059854 The candle light flickers, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00192-00059854-00059972 given the warning of burning out soon. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00193-00059972-00060258 Burning away, melting, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00194-00060258-00060388 like my old, worn out pages will too, soon. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00195-00060388-00060650 Nobody will ever know the secrets that I carry, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00196-00060650-00060767 they will never know. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00197-00060767-00061100 Unless they listen. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00198-00061629-00061970 Sophia, it's my great pleasure to present you with +0uowxFgCG5Q-00199-00061970-00062236 this award from the Library Foundation +0uowxFgCG5Q-00200-00062236-00062612 Congratulations on your win! +0uowxFgCG5Q-00201-00062708-00063038 (Picture) +0uowxFgCG5Q-00202-00064602-00065098 Our next poet is Jamie Zhou +0uowxFgCG5Q-00203-00065768-00065868 If I were a book +0uowxFgCG5Q-00204-00065878-00066290 We'd all like to inspire odes-- and others, chronicles. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00205-00066290-00066622 Some would hope for novels Or a romanticized retelling of a life +0uowxFgCG5Q-00206-00066622-00066912 They've never even seen +0uowxFgCG5Q-00207-00066912-00067254 A visceral string of 12 summers +0uowxFgCG5Q-00208-00067254-00067498 The 13th is when you see reality for what it is +0uowxFgCG5Q-00209-00067498-00067730 But if each of us got only a couplet, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00210-00067730-00067892 what would illustrate? +0uowxFgCG5Q-00211-00067892-00068134 Impulsive bloodlines, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00212-00068134-00068258 What's supposed to be the golden girl +0uowxFgCG5Q-00213-00068258-00068538 Mediocre at best Could have bought my merits--but +0uowxFgCG5Q-00214-00068538-00068744 I choose to write my own chapters +0uowxFgCG5Q-00215-00068744-00069002 Hopeful youth Solitary dreamer +0uowxFgCG5Q-00216-00069002-00069322 I did as I was told A product of society +0uowxFgCG5Q-00217-00069322-00069554 How will the world remember me? +0uowxFgCG5Q-00218-00069554-00069828 --It's for you to choose. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00219-00070248-00070554 Jamie, it's my pleasure to present you with this award +0uowxFgCG5Q-00220-00070674-00071138 Congratulations from the Library Foundation +0uowxFgCG5Q-00221-00071138-00071342 (picture) +0uowxFgCG5Q-00222-00072002-00072354 Congratulations! +0uowxFgCG5Q-00223-00072948-00073310 Our last poet is the Grand Prize winner and it's +0uowxFgCG5Q-00224-00073310-00073644 Chyanne Robinson +0uowxFgCG5Q-00225-00075628-00075942 If I were a book, I wouldn't invite you in just yet +0uowxFgCG5Q-00226-00075992-00076220 I feel that if I let you in -- you may hurt me in an instance +0uowxFgCG5Q-00227-00076328-00076598 If I were a book, my main character would struggle +0uowxFgCG5Q-00228-00076598-00076804 with trusting people, because people started +0uowxFgCG5Q-00229-00076804-00077030 breaking her trust at an early age +0uowxFgCG5Q-00230-00077030-00077272 If I were a book, I would fear that if I were to trust you, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00231-00077272-00077524 you would simply walk out of my life, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00232-00077524-00077758 so instead, I keep the pages closed +0uowxFgCG5Q-00233-00077758-00077992 If I were a book, I would tell you about family separation, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00234-00077992-00078226 about a mother leaving her family, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00235-00078226-00078398 and her children not knowing why. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00236-00078398-00078520 If I were a book, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00237-00078520-00078710 I would tell you about my older sister +0uowxFgCG5Q-00238-00078710-00078860 having to surrender her childhood, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00239-00078860-00079062 because she had to take care of me +0uowxFgCG5Q-00240-00079062-00079302 If I were a book, I would empathize with someone +0uowxFgCG5Q-00241-00079302-00079480 who may feel alone and worthless -- +0uowxFgCG5Q-00242-00079480-00079702 because I KNOW how that feels +0uowxFgCG5Q-00243-00079702-00079936 If I were book, I would tell you about feeling alone, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00244-00079936-00080212 about a cloudy mindset +0uowxFgCG5Q-00245-00080212-00080318 making it impossible to think straight +0uowxFgCG5Q-00246-00080318-00080508 as dark thoughts build up +0uowxFgCG5Q-00247-00080508-00080746 If I were a book, I would struggle with +0uowxFgCG5Q-00248-00080746-00081044 capturing a happy memory, because because it is elusive-- +0uowxFgCG5Q-00249-00081044-00081252 disappearing before I can write it +0uowxFgCG5Q-00250-00081252-00081490 If I were a book, I would tell you about +0uowxFgCG5Q-00251-00081490-00081688 multiple deaths and a child who blames herself +0uowxFgCG5Q-00252-00081688-00081818 for the death of her grandma, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00253-00081818-00081958 uncle, and cousins +0uowxFgCG5Q-00254-00081958-00082190 If I were a book, I would tell you about +0uowxFgCG5Q-00255-00082190-00082340 not wanting to go to school, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00256-00082340-00082560 not wanting to have friends, blocking myself from the world +0uowxFgCG5Q-00257-00082560-00082790 because being alone allowed me to hide +0uowxFgCG5Q-00258-00082790-00082916 my sadness +0uowxFgCG5Q-00259-00082916-00083186 If I were a book, my tattered pages would resist +0uowxFgCG5Q-00260-00083186-00083282 being straightened -- +0uowxFgCG5Q-00261-00083282-00083660 no I do not want to go to a shrink, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00262-00083696-00083990 no I'm not going through a phase, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00263-00083990-00084184 no, I'm not too young +0uowxFgCG5Q-00264-00084184-00084374 to feel this pain +0uowxFgCG5Q-00265-00084374-00084586 If I were a book, I would tell you about being bullied +0uowxFgCG5Q-00266-00084586-00084782 because I did not look like +0uowxFgCG5Q-00267-00084782-00084834 the other girls, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00268-00084834-00085072 or because I chose to follow the rules +0uowxFgCG5Q-00269-00085072-00085276 if I were book, I would tell you about being bullied +0uowxFgCG5Q-00270-00085276-00085524 because I was Black and called ugly, +0uowxFgCG5Q-00271-00085524-00085726 or that my hair did not flow like white or +0uowxFgCG5Q-00272-00085726-00085840 Latina girls +0uowxFgCG5Q-00273-00085840-00086094 if I were a book, I would fade away... +0uowxFgCG5Q-00274-00086094-00086368 like my depression. +0uowxFgCG5Q-00275-00087928-00088128 That was magnificent +0uowxFgCG5Q-00276-00088128-00088436 very impressive. It's my great pleasure to +0uowxFgCG5Q-00277-00088436-00088806 present you first with this award for winning in +0uowxFgCG5Q-00278-00088806-00088950 the category +0uowxFgCG5Q-00279-00088950-00089358 and second the Grand Prize winner gets this iPad +0uowxFgCG5Q-00280-00089358-00089552 Congratulations again +0uowxFgCG5Q-00281-00089552-00089808 Well done +0uowxFgCG5Q-00282-00091442-00091804 Okay, and at this time we would like to call back up +0uowxFgCG5Q-00283-00091804-00092126 the other three winners and all 11 of the +0uowxFgCG5Q-00284-00092126-00092414 honorable mentions for one group photo. So if all +0uowxFgCG5Q-00285-00092414-00092584 the winners and honorable mentions, could please +0uowxFgCG5Q-00286-00092584-00092834 come forward we just like to take one quick photo +0uowxFgCG5Q-00287-00092834-00093052 with all of you. Please +0uowxFgCG5Q-00288-00093052-00093176 let's. Hear it for them +0uowxFgCG5Q-00289-00093176-00093548 They all did an amazing job +0uowxFgCG5Q-00290-00093598-00093934 Just line up right here. We'll get a few photos +0uowxFgCG5Q-00291-00093934-00094060 Parents +0uowxFgCG5Q-00292-00094060-00094306 feel free to take some pictures with your +0uowxFgCG5Q-00293-00094306-00094596 iphones. Etcetera +0uowxFgCG5Q-00294-00095324-00095748 It's like the paparazzi out there +0uowxFgCG5Q-00295-00099312-00099540 Everybody good +0uowxFgCG5Q-00296-00099540-00099748 one, more one, more +0uowxFgCG5Q-00297-00099748-00100016 good +0uowxFgCG5Q-00298-00100016-00100186 Alright let's have one more round of applause for +0uowxFgCG5Q-00299-00100186-00100578 the winners and honorable mentions +0uowxFgCG5Q-00300-00100872-00101224 And just one final sincere thank you to the +0uowxFgCG5Q-00301-00101224-00101538 Library Foundation as well as to Mayor Pro Tem Taylor +0uowxFgCG5Q-00302-00101646-00101930 Council members Combs and Nash. I know Mayor Mueller's +0uowxFgCG5Q-00303-00101930-00102178 on the phone and Council member Carlton +0uowxFgCG5Q-00304-00102178-00102328 Let's give a round of applause to the City Council +0uowxFgCG5Q-00305-00102408-00102646 for hosting this event. Thank you +0uowxFgCG5Q-00306-00102646-00102780 thank you +0uowxFgCG5Q-00307-00102780-00102968 and with that +0uowxFgCG5Q-00308-00102968-00103290 we are going to take one big group picture +0uowxFgCG5Q-00309-00103290-00103409 Everybody +0uowxFgCG5Q-00310-00103409-00103658 right outside. So if you could please we'd all +0uowxFgCG5Q-00311-00103658-00103890 like to reconvene just outside the chamber so we +0uowxFgCG5Q-00312-00103890-00104059 can take a big group picture +0uowxFgCG5Q-00313-00104059-00104356 Thank you very much +0-oPKY3elWY-00000-00000000-00000431 To give you an idea about a third of the cases we see as a neurology service in the +0-oPKY3elWY-00001-00000431-00000861 in the hospital are cases with some sort of spinal cord injury so it is very +0-oPKY3elWY-00002-00000861-00001413 common, it is about probably 500 dogs a year here in Bristol. Treating spinal +0-oPKY3elWY-00003-00001413-00002102 injury has this two major steps one is to treat the acute phase so when the +0-oPKY3elWY-00004-00002102-00002667 dog becomes paralyzed so it could be surgery for realigning the spine it +0-oPKY3elWY-00005-00002667-00002936 could be surgery to remove compression on the nerves +0-oPKY3elWY-00006-00002936-00003380 so that's one set of treatment and second set of treatment would be in a +0-oPKY3elWY-00007-00003380-00003836 chronic phase for those animals who have not recovered so they had a bad injury +0-oPKY3elWY-00008-00003836-00004491 remained paralyzed one of the treatment that has become potentially very useful +0-oPKY3elWY-00009-00004491-00005034 is to use cells from the nasal cavity from the nose and harvest them from +0-oPKY3elWY-00010-00005034-00005448 the nose and transplant them in the spinal cord to help the cord to regenerate +0-oPKY3elWY-00011-00005448-00005844 the start of the process will be having a small biopsy from the nose which is +0-oPKY3elWY-00012-00005844-00006417 probably a very small fragment of tissue they would then process and put in a dish +0-oPKY3elWY-00013-00006417-00006884 and the cells will start to expand so there is a process of multiplication +0-oPKY3elWY-00014-00006884-00007383 where the cells grow to reach the number we wish for transplantation +0-oPKY3elWY-00015-00007383-00007995 our olfactory system or smell system lose its neurons all the time because +0-oPKY3elWY-00016-00007995-00008486 they're exposed to air, dust smoke and so on so we lose neurons in the nose all +0-oPKY3elWY-00017-00008486-00008835 the time but they do regenerate, we do keep our sense of smell all the time +0-oPKY3elWY-00018-00008835-00009195 that doesn't disappear and the reason for that is because new nuerons forms in +0-oPKY3elWY-00019-00009195-00009702 the nose naturally and they link with the brain all the time to do this +0-oPKY3elWY-00020-00009702-00010082 link they need supporting cells or factory cells are supporting cells +0-oPKY3elWY-00021-00010082-00010671 helping nerves to grow and make connection with the brain so that is the +0-oPKY3elWY-00022-00010671-00011010 natural history of what's happening in the smell system but if you do +0-oPKY3elWY-00023-00011010-00011397 take these cells out of their natural environment put them in a damaged region +0-oPKY3elWY-00024-00011397-00011967 of the brain or spinal cord then they do carry on having this function of +0-oPKY3elWY-00025-00011967-00012438 supporting nerve to regrow and what we try to do is the spinal cord is really +0-oPKY3elWY-00026-00012438-00012923 bridging the gap the lesion gap that's been caused by the trauma so we +0-oPKY3elWY-00027-00012923-00013347 put the cells into the lesion and hopefully they will help the nerves +0-oPKY3elWY-00028-00013347-00013847 to regenerate you can see or you can detect an effect of the cells +0-oPKY3elWY-00029-00013847-00014369 in the sense that you see a change in locomotion so these dogs can walk better +0-oPKY3elWY-00030-00014369-00015054 and with the cells and we gain some control movement of the legs. It's not a +0-oPKY3elWY-00031-00015054-00015419 magic treatment and obviously not a hundred percent of the dogs who would get the cells +0-oPKY3elWY-00032-00015419-00016038 get an improvement but we had enough success to show scientifically +0-oPKY3elWY-00033-00016038-00016467 that this was valid and about twenty five percent of the cases we +0-oPKY3elWY-00034-00016467-00017043 transplanted in that way, had some some visible changes with the naked eye on their +0-oPKY3elWY-00035-00017043-00017798 gait and legs movements. Using the cells has been done in humans as well +0-oPKY3elWY-00036-00017798-00018363 but as safety trials so it's only a very limited number of people or patients +0-oPKY3elWY-00037-00018363-00018704 the way forward would be to try and improve how we deliver the cells into +0-oPKY3elWY-00038-00018704-00019104 the spinal cord because it's one thing to inject them and show that there is an +0-oPKY3elWY-00039-00019104-00019494 effect, its another thing to then go to a person and how do you actually deliver +0-oPKY3elWY-00040-00019494-00019992 the cells so they survive and are numerous in the region, so this is problem +0-oPKY3elWY-00041-00019992-00020501 with how do we deliver them so of course when dogs get paralyzed they also lose +0-oPKY3elWY-00042-00020501-00021009 control of their bladders and so they become incontinent and which +0-oPKY3elWY-00043-00021009-00021690 is a big problem and one of the methods we've been testing in dogs to solve +0-oPKY3elWY-00044-00021690-00022145 this problem is to use what we call Neuroprostheses, they are small silicone +0-oPKY3elWY-00045-00022145-00022575 implants. We can place on the nerves below the lesions if the lesions in the +0-oPKY3elWY-00046-00022575-00023076 middle of the back of the dog we can still exploit the spark or below the lesion +0-oPKY3elWY-00047-00023076-00023544 that's there and it's usually fine and has survived and it's a technique +0-oPKY3elWY-00048-00023544-00023731 that's used in humans, it has been used for 30 years +0-oPKY3elWY-00049-00023731-00024195 in humans so it's not new but it's one of example where something that is +0-oPKY3elWY-00050-00024195-00024723 working in humans has, we've taken it from humans and implemented it in dogs +0-oPKY3elWY-00051-00024723-00025281 it's actually the other way, it is a reverse translation isn't. So by putting newer prosthesis +0-oPKY3elWY-00052-00025281-00025831 small implants in the nerve you can do surgery for that, you can take control of +0-oPKY3elWY-00053-00025831-00026323 the nerves that are remaining and that are going to the bladder and it's very is +0-oPKY3elWY-00054-00026323-00026722 very effective and you can then use a remote control these nerves in different +0-oPKY3elWY-00055-00026722-00027199 ways so so you can empty the bladder regularly which obviously prevents from +0-oPKY3elWY-00056-00027199-00027666 having to do it manually pressing on the tummy of the dog which is a bit distressing +0-oPKY3elWY-00057-00027666-00028152 for the owner or putting catheter into the bladder which create infections a +0-oPKY3elWY-00058-00028152-00028687 lot of the time. So your neuro procedures is a good way of exploiting the +0-oPKY3elWY-00059-00028687-00029127 preserved part of the spinal cord. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00000-00000009-00000171 Hey there, Filip here. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00001-00000171-00000665 I thought that it would be fun to give you an update on what's new in Flutter 2.8 now +0_AFfpaMxzu-00002-00000665-00000873 that I'm outside of Google. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00003-00000873-00001521 Because, on the one hand, I don't have any insider information, but on the other hand, +0_AFfpaMxzu-00004-00001521-00001948 I can say whatever I want, basically. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00005-00001948-00002846 Anyway, so, all I have for this video is this article that they published earlier today. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00006-00002846-00003369 And I had a good read through it and now I'm just going to give you some insights. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00007-00003369-00003617 And, hopefully, save you some time. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00008-00003617-00003717 Performance is a big deal. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00009-00003717-00003861 A really big deal. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00010-00003861-00003961 This time around. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00011-00003961-00004276 (And last time around as well.) +0_AFfpaMxzu-00012-00004276-00005005 They reduced startup latency for low-end Android devices by 50% on a real-world app. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00013-00005005-00005169 That's really nice. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00014-00005169-00005439 10% for high-end devices. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00015-00005439-00005696 It's just something that you get for free. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00016-00005696-00006443 You just recompile your app with the latest version, 2.8, and you're done. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00017-00006443-00006570 You have a faster app. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00018-00006570-00006745 And it's not just that. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00019-00006745-00007384 It's also, you know, they did some new smarter things with garbage collection policy. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00020-00007384-00007981 So your app will jank less often when things are kind of busy. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00021-00007981-00008189 And so on and so forth. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00022-00008189-00008334 Really cool. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00023-00008334-00009104 If you're taking performance traces, especially on lower end devices, good news about memory. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00024-00009104-00009438 Because they split the app in two. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00025-00009438-00009621 Whatever, not a big deal. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00026-00009621-00010389 But, uh, also not a big deal, to me, is that you can now profile Android and Flutter performance +0_AFfpaMxzu-00027-00010389-00010489 alongside. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00028-00010489-00010589 Great. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00029-00010589-00010754 Though this one is interesting. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00030-00010754-00011513 So, a lot of times, if your app is not really performant enough, the problem is not so much +0_AFfpaMxzu-00031-00011513-00012017 with widget builds, but it's with layouts or paints. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00032-00012017-00013029 So, they now give you the ability to have a profiling run with tracking layouts and +0_AFfpaMxzu-00033-00013029-00013129 tracking paints. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00034-00013129-00013299 We had "Tracking Widget Builds" before. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00035-00013299-00013888 But now you can do these, and you'll see that in your timeline, and you'll be like, oh my +0_AFfpaMxzu-00036-00013888-00014425 god, this layout is taking so much time, and why, and now you can try to fix it. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00037-00014425-00014653 So, really cool. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00038-00014653-00015018 You can now also easily profile the performance of your app's startup. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00039-00015018-00015768 Which is a big deal because, if your app takes a lot of time, or janks at startup, it's really +0_AFfpaMxzu-00040-00015768-00016197 not a good look for your new users, right? +0_AFfpaMxzu-00041-00016197-00016319 Web platform views. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00042-00016319-00016779 If you use Flutter for web and you use platform views, good news. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00043-00016779-00016935 It's a little faster. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00044-00016935-00017894 If you like money, you will like the fact that you can now use Mobile Ads SDK for Flutter +0_AFfpaMxzu-00045-00017894-00018061 in a stable release. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00046-00018061-00018532 It's generally available, I guess, so I'm not sure if that's stable. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00047-00018532-00018756 But anyway, it's good. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00048-00018756-00018940 It's money. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00049-00018940-00019367 If you like ads in your apps, go for it. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00050-00019367-00019737 WebView is now version 3.0. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00051-00019737-00020293 They now do stuff like, you can actually load HTML from files and strings. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00052-00020293-00020702 Which is now when, for example, you want to keep your app offline. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00053-00020702-00021672 Or, if you do something fancy with your app and it absolutely needs HTML, then this could +0_AFfpaMxzu-00054-00021672-00021835 be nice. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00055-00021835-00022773 Also, they allow you to have a webview in a web app built by Flutter. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00056-00022773-00023193 Right now it's just an iframe, but I think it's nice. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00057-00023193-00023856 If you use webview as most people use webview, which is, I have Terms of Service document +0_AFfpaMxzu-00058-00023856-00024529 somewhere in HTML and I want to show it to users, this is nice, because you don't have to make +0_AFfpaMxzu-00059-00024529-00024953 a different version of your app just for that for the web. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00060-00024953-00025192 Cool, cool, cool. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00061-00025192-00025449 New Flutter Favorites. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00062-00025449-00025677 Very good, I like it. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00063-00025677-00026166 But it's not going to change anything about your workflow with Flutter, so I'm skipping +0_AFfpaMxzu-00064-00026166-00026351 it. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00065-00026351-00026556 If you use Flutter... +0_AFfpaMxzu-00066-00026556-00026725 I mean Firebase. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00067-00026725-00027294 Or if you want, or need a real-time database in your Flutter app, then this is really good +0_AFfpaMxzu-00068-00027294-00027394 news. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00069-00027394-00028077 They went from beta to stable in FlutterFire plugins, which is basically the official plugins +0_AFfpaMxzu-00070-00028077-00028306 for Firebase and Flutter. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00071-00028306-00029202 And interestingly, they now have a CLI tool that lets you skip some of the pain points +0_AFfpaMxzu-00072-00029202-00029418 when you're setting stuff up. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00073-00029418-00029563 So, that's good. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00074-00029563-00030287 Although, to be honest, if you're not building a new app every week, ... I mean, it's painful, +0_AFfpaMxzu-00075-00030287-00030522 but it's not such a big deal. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00076-00030522-00030770 It's just like copying a JSON file somewhere. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00077-00030770-00030938 But I understand why they're doing it. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00078-00030938-00031633 The reason they're doing it is that they don't want to lose you if you're starting using +0_AFfpaMxzu-00079-00031633-00032407 Flutter and Firebase, and you realize how much extra bureaucratic steps you need to +0_AFfpaMxzu-00080-00032407-00032657 make in order for this to work. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00081-00032657-00032792 So that's cool. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00082-00032792-00033120 Blah blah blah. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00083-00033120-00033355 Firebase UI is interesting. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00084-00033355-00034279 Again, if you need authentication or some real time database, and maybe you don't care +0_AFfpaMxzu-00085-00034279-00035084 that much about customization, they you can get, for example, a sign-in page like this +0_AFfpaMxzu-00086-00035084-00035198 almost for free. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00087-00035198-00035409 This is the code for this. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00088-00035409-00035740 And you get this, and it also works on desktop. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00089-00035740-00035917 Pretty cool. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00090-00035917-00036630 You can also say, hey, I want contacts from here, and it basically builds your UI for +0_AFfpaMxzu-00091-00036630-00036730 you. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00092-00036730-00037161 So, FlutterFire UI or whatever it's called, really nice. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00093-00037161-00037293 Yes yes yes. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00094-00037293-00037694 Another one with Firebase. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00095-00037694-00038356 I find it very interesting because it seems to me a little bit ugly if you have a really +0_AFfpaMxzu-00096-00038356-00039201 nice app, if you have good code, where you have something like a Person that is a +0_AFfpaMxzu-00097-00039201-00039929 typed class, and things are sane there, and you know that a Person has a name and an age, +0_AFfpaMxzu-00098-00039929-00040599 and then you kind of have to (without the new Object Document Mapping), you have to +0_AFfpaMxzu-00099-00040599-00041400 somehow connect it to this real time database, which is basically a HashMap, a huge JSON +0_AFfpaMxzu-00100-00041400-00041967 thing, where anything can happen. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00101-00041967-00042194 It's terrible! +0_AFfpaMxzu-00102-00042194-00042551 I mean, it's nice for prototyping. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00103-00042551-00043129 But, at some point, you're like, I want persons to have names and ages and that's it. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00104-00043129-00043305 Now they allow you to do it. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00105-00043305-00044127 You can be like, oh, I have this class, and just please do it for me, and put that class, +0_AFfpaMxzu-00106-00044127-00044554 or instances of that class, as a collection on the Firebase database. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00107-00044554-00044665 Cool. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00108-00044665-00044776 Alright. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00109-00044776-00044980 Desktop, still not stable. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00110-00044980-00045201 I think that's a good call. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00111-00045201-00045928 Because, I would hate for them to go too quickly to stable when it's not really stable yet. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00112-00045928-00046369 So, more internationalization support, like Kanji and stuff like this. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00113-00046369-00047111 This is really, really really needed if you want to launch something internationally. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00114-00047111-00047318 So yeah, that's a big deal. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00115-00047318-00047913 They're also generally looking at keyboard intensive desktop apps. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00116-00047913-00048788 For example, things like widgets that eat keyboard events and don't let them bubble +0_AFfpaMxzu-00117-00048788-00049248 down (or whatever it's called). +0_AFfpaMxzu-00118-00049248-00049511 That's good for... maybe even for games. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00119-00049511-00049678 I don't know. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00120-00049678-00050286 But it's definitely good for desktop apps where people actually write stuff on their +0_AFfpaMxzu-00121-00050286-00050386 keyboards. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00122-00050386-00050536 Also, visual density, right? +0_AFfpaMxzu-00123-00050536-00050900 You don't want apps on your mobile phone... +0_AFfpaMxzu-00124-00050900-00051604 I mean, you don't want apps on your desktop to look like it's a mobile app that's just +0_AFfpaMxzu-00125-00051604-00051870 running in a window. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00126-00051870-00052002 And that's visual density. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00127-00052002-00052432 Most of it is how dense this is. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00128-00052432-00052779 A name-drop of Canonical, the makers of Ubuntu. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00129-00052779-00052973 Always nice to see. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00130-00052973-00053380 And then, DartPad has more packages in it now. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00131-00053380-00053711 You can actually import packages. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00132-00053711-00054282 That's not completely new but now you have packages like bloc and riverpod, which is +0_AFfpaMxzu-00133-00054282-00054970 state management, collection (that is, low level stuff that you really want sometimes), +0_AFfpaMxzu-00134-00054970-00055616 and google_fonts is real nice because you can use Google Fonts in your app. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00135-00055616-00056352 I mean, you will not build your next billion-dollar app in DartPad. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00136-00056352-00057069 But for sketches and for sharing, I think this is really great. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00137-00057069-00057282 Especially the Google Fonts stuff. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00138-00057282-00057624 Cool, cool, cool. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00139-00057624-00057949 And, they got rid of the dev channel. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00140-00057949-00058404 So, before we had stable, beta, dev and master. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00141-00058404-00058980 And they realized that only about 3% developers are actually using dev, and it takes a lot +0_AFfpaMxzu-00142-00058980-00059219 of effort to keep it running. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00143-00059219-00059512 So they were like: hey, let's just have stable, beta and master. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00144-00059512-00059641 I think it's a good call. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00145-00059641-00060046 I won't miss dev channel. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00146-00060046-00060348 If you're like most developers you will want to stay with stable. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00147-00060348-00060711 90% of developers use that. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00148-00060711-00060889 If you're more adventurous, beta. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00149-00060889-00061791 And if you're really adventurous, master, which is literally changing every few minutes. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00150-00061791-00062099 Anyway, some breaking changes. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00151-00062099-00062373 From the looks of it, nothing big. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00152-00062373-00062666 And they have a migration guide so, that's cool. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00153-00062666-00063247 And, in the summary, they name-drop the community, which is always nice to hear and see. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00154-00063247-00063462 So, thanks for watching. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00155-00063462-00063757 I hope I saved you some time and this was interesting. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00156-00063757-00063929 See you next time. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00157-00063929-00064391 Oh, and because someone is bound to ask, this is not from a fight. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00158-00064391-00064761 Although, technically, it is from a fight. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00159-00064761-00065563 So, I was playing with my kid, and he made a sword out of a structural toy, and then +0_AFfpaMxzu-00160-00065563-00065781 he swung it at me. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00161-00065781-00066912 The toy fell apart, and most of the sword just flew right into my eye. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00162-00066912-00067238 It didn't hurt that much. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00163-00067238-00067461 I was actually completely oblivious to it. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00164-00067461-00067668 I was like, is this blood? +0_AFfpaMxzu-00165-00067668-00067794 So, yeah. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00166-00067794-00067894 That's it. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00167-00067894-00068489 I wish I could say, like, I was fighting with a crocodile or whatever but... +0_AFfpaMxzu-00168-00068489-00068664 I was just playing with the kid. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00169-00068664-00068807 And that happened. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00170-00068807-00069351 It really looks much worse than it actually is. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00171-00069351-00069461 It's going to be fine. +0_AFfpaMxzu-00172-00069461-00069822 But, thanks for the interest, if you had any. +0BkFIxNcsuM-00000-00002700-00002900 For my particular teaching style I think it’s the +0BkFIxNcsuM-00001-00002900-00003650 most important thing because I really rely on +0BkFIxNcsuM-00002-00003650-00004000 student feedback to validate not so much what +0BkFIxNcsuM-00003-00004000-00004300 I’m trying to get across but how I’m getting it across. +0BkFIxNcsuM-00004-00004300-00004600 I have a very good idea of what I would like +0BkFIxNcsuM-00005-00004600-00004850 my students to know at the end of the class. +0BkFIxNcsuM-00006-00004850-00005100 And rather than waiting till the three times +0BkFIxNcsuM-00007-00005100-00005300 a year that you can run just a simple test +0BkFIxNcsuM-00008-00005300-00005850 or something, your basic exam, I think having +0BkFIxNcsuM-00009-00005850-00006000 students in a position where they’re +0BkFIxNcsuM-00010-00006000-00006250 comfortable enough to say ‘I don’t know’ +0BkFIxNcsuM-00011-00006250-00006600 or ‘I don’t agree’ is important. +0BkFIxNcsuM-00012-00006600-00007050 Ways that I try and break down the barriers +0BkFIxNcsuM-00013-00007050-00007350 that exist in any classroom when you walk in, +0BkFIxNcsuM-00014-00007350-00007600 at least with students who don’t know you, +0BkFIxNcsuM-00015-00007600-00008000 is to be as casual as possible in the class. +0BkFIxNcsuM-00016-00008000-00008300 I know it’s hard to believe looking at me here. +0BkFIxNcsuM-00017-00008300-00008600 You need to reduce, as much as possible, +0BkFIxNcsuM-00018-00008600-00009050 any unnecessary barriers in terms of dialogue. +0BkFIxNcsuM-00019-00009050-00009400 The area that I teach in is technically quite +0BkFIxNcsuM-00020-00009400-00009800 sophisticated, it’s full of Latin and Greek +0BkFIxNcsuM-00021-00009800-00010200 anatomical terms, and it’s easy to engage in +0BkFIxNcsuM-00022-00010200-00010500 what I call ‘neural-geeky-speaky’ +0BkFIxNcsuM-00023-00010500-00010750 and the students are just looking at me like, +0BkFIxNcsuM-00024-00010750-00011000 ‘what planet is this person from?’ +0BkFIxNcsuM-00025-00011000-00011300 So I kind of warn students that the area is kind +0BkFIxNcsuM-00026-00011300-00011600 of like that and what I hope is that by the end +0BkFIxNcsuM-00027-00011600-00011800 of the quarter we’ve all progressed enough, +0BkFIxNcsuM-00028-00011800-00012000 especially them, to the point where I can do that +0BkFIxNcsuM-00029-00012000-00012200 and they’ll understand. +0BkFIxNcsuM-00030-00012200-00012400 But early on in the quarter, when I don’t speak +0BkFIxNcsuM-00031-00012400-00012700 in plain English, they'll not be afraid to say, +0BkFIxNcsuM-00032-00012700-00012900 ‘You know what, I have no idea what you just said +0BkFIxNcsuM-00033-00012900-00013100 or what that means.’ +0BkFIxNcsuM-00034-00013100-00013400 And I can go back and clarify for them. +0BkFIxNcsuM-00035-00013400-00013700 I typically give out copies of my electro-notes, +0BkFIxNcsuM-00036-00013700-00014000 I make them available on Blackboard and +0BkFIxNcsuM-00037-00014000-00014200 the reason I do that is that the students will +0BkFIxNcsuM-00038-00014200-00014600 have an idea of what I think is important in the +0BkFIxNcsuM-00039-00014600-00015000 assigned readings for that day in an outlined form. +0BkFIxNcsuM-00040-00015000-00015169 And because they already know that it gives me +0BkFIxNcsuM-00041-00015169-00015450 the freedom to think on my feet, to throw in +0BkFIxNcsuM-00042-00015450-00015800 anecdotes and stories, other things that from +0BkFIxNcsuM-00043-00015800-00016000 outside the reading and it also gives them +0BkFIxNcsuM-00044-00016000-00016300 a chance to steer the discussion to things +0BkFIxNcsuM-00045-00016300-00016400 that they’re interested in. +0BkFIxNcsuM-00046-00016400-00016600 At the end of the class, no matter what goes on +0BkFIxNcsuM-00047-00016600-00016800 in the class, the students will have that nutshell +0BkFIxNcsuM-00048-00016800-00017400 of the lecture notes and then, literally for every +0BkFIxNcsuM-00049-00017400-00017600 class, the clothes are a little bit different. +0BkFIxNcsuM-00050-00017600-00017800 The lecture notes are the skeleton +0BkFIxNcsuM-00051-00017800-00018060 and then we dress it up how we see fit. +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00000-00000006-00000564 This area submerged in water is so vast that even the imagination of which is beyond our +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00001-00000564-00001194 comprehension, only then the theory of Bermuda Triangle comes to the fore, and sometimes it takes +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00002-00001194-00002088 us years to find a lost aircraft like MH 370. One such story is also of Titanic. Even after +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00003-00002088-00002664 73 years of its sinking, it is not known where it is finally submerged in the depths of the ocean +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00004-00002664-00003432 and today even after 35 years of its discovery, it has not been removed from the sea. Today we will +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00005-00003432-00004014 not talk about the accident shown in the film, but today we will definitely raise the question +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00006-00004014-00004794 raised after that accident. Hello and welcome to this new episode of mr.factsy. We know about the +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00007-00004794-00005484 accident that happened with the Royal Mail steamer Titanic, which was once called Unsinkable ship, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00008-00005484-00006000 and this base is also a movie and if you have not seen this Oscar winner movie, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00009-00006000-00006773 then definitely watch it. After the Titanic sank in the sea in 1911, many attempts were +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00010-00006773-00007518 made to find it, but these missions failed one after the other, similarly 73 years passed but +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00011-00007518-00008424 one day suddenly it was found. In the year 1885, famous ocenographer and archaeologist and US Navy +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00012-00008424-00009312 officer Robert Ballard finally found Titanic. This debris of Titanic was found 400 miles southeast of +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00013-00009312-00010044 Newfoundland. This discovery of Titanic raised many new questions by taking it out of the womb +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00014-00010044-00010806 of history. This ship, broken in two parts, was found in the depth of 12500 feet of the sea. But +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00015-00010806-00011544 The official report says that when this ship sank it was intec but why did this ship break in two +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00016-00011544-00012180 parts in the sea? According to Titanic The New Evidence Documentary, Titanic was not submerged +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00017-00012180-00013038 by icebuge but by fire in the ship. Friends, when Titanic was found, things like metal, porcelain, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00018-00013038-00013824 gems and red wine on the ship were taken out from its wreck, but the Titanic ship was not taken out. +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00019-00013884-00014562 His wreck has not been fully recovered till date. But friends, the secrets of Titanic would also +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00020-00014562-00015216 be revealed if Titanic could get out, and if research was done on it. If this had happened, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00021-00015216-00015990 then we would have got a lot of information about Titanic and its accident. But the friend Titanic +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00022-00015990-00016656 was not removed and the mystery of the biggest mystery accident of this century remains a mystery +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00023-00016656-00017310 even today. After all, why even after all the efforts and technology, Titanic could not be +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00024-00017310-00018006 pulled out of the water even today. Why could the Titanic not be pulled out intentionally and why is +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00025-00018006-00018792 it still buried in the depths of the ocean? When we studied, we came to know that it was not that +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00026-00018792-00019584 the Titanic was not tried to be taken out. When it was discovered in 1975, its condition was not like +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00027-00019584-00020334 a ship, now Titanic can see this old picture. It was a wreck in the name of the ship. According to +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00028-00020334-00021102 experts, this ship had hit the icebug on the sea floor with a forceful force whose feel was felt +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00029-00021102-00021726 by the people there. So it was not possible to pull it out by direct wire or take it out +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00030-00021726-00022422 in the traditional way. It was like taking out the biscuits kept in the coffee for a long time. +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00031-00022482-00023046 In such a situation, the first suggestion came that Titanic should be taken out with the help +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00032-00023046-00023682 of Submarine and Magnet, but there were some problems in front of this project, which was +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00033-00023682-00024396 the main Titanic's weight, Titanic's weight was 143 million tons and water pressure would have +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00034-00024396-00025140 increased its weight manifold. Is. Titanic was present at a depth of 12500 feet. At such a depth, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00035-00025140-00025932 the water pressure is so much that a force of about 120 miles is required to take out only 1 +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00036-00025932-00026544 centimeter squre piece. Then there were neither such powerful magnets nor submarines that could +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00037-00026544-00027162 pull so much weight. Even at the beginning of the 21st century, scientists did not have +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00038-00027162-00027852 any concrete plans to take out Titanic, but for this some people were thinking of its unusewal +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00039-00027852-00028554 ways. . And there some people gave weird ideas like getting out of the balloon too. The plane +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00040-00028554-00029262 was that the hydrogen-filled balloon would be tied to the Titanic, he would automatically pull +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00041-00029262-00030036 it up means they wanted to use this bloon as a hot air balloon, but it was easy to talk only. Just +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00042-00030036-00030780 like giving upside-down suggestions, but when it comes to reality, we have to face many questions. +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00043-00030780-00031476 No one had the answer to how to pump those bloons underwating and the matter got stuck again that +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00044-00031476-00032208 the question is many but no one had the answer. An idea also came in these air that the density +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00045-00032208-00032778 of ice is less than the density of water. This is the reason why the ice floats in the cocktail, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00046-00032778-00033468 so one holaz contractor Arthur Hickey suggested converting the Titanic and the water +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00047-00033468-00034116 inside it into icebergs. Due to which it becomes lighter than water and comes to the surface, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00048-00034116-00034788 after which it will be easy to carry it to the shore. A similar idea was also given by American +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00049-00034788-00035466 engineer John Plerce, for this he suggested using liquid nitrogen. The idea was good but according +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00050-00035466-00036198 to the estimates of UK's Gas Industry Company and BOC Group, about 1 million ton pound of nitrogen +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00051-00036198-00036936 was required for this project and the question was also how to carry liquid nitrogen to such a depth +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00052-00036936-00037806 After these questions without arms, legs, head, a Soviet submarine engineer Mikhail Rudnitsky gave +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00053-00037806-00038496 an effective idea to take out the Titanic, Mikhail was known for designing the best submarines. Many +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00054-00038496-00039120 of his submarines had also participated in the World War, Mikhail presented his project after +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00055-00039120-00039654 deep calculation to take out the Titanic. He said that in order to take out the Titanic, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00056-00039654-00040224 first of all its dirt would have to be cleaned because due to it being in the water for years, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00057-00040224-00040860 a lot of selt has accumulated on it. Which is very important to clean, for these power full +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00058-00040860-00041388 automatic insulater was needed which would clean the ship. After cleaning the ship, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00059-00041388-00042114 Titanic will be attached to a ponton boat with heavy duty cable and all this will be done by +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00060-00042114-00042792 the machine itself. After this the next step was to arrange such a submarine whose tank could be +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00061-00042792-00043470 filled with gas and it would also be safe. In this way a huge amount of electricity was required for +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00062-00043470-00044118 the operation. According to mikhail, about 200 MegaWatt will be required in this project. That +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00063-00044118-00044670 project would also require a full flash plant. Such a power plant can be built on the surface +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00064-00044670-00045318 of the water, but it will not make sense in the future Although a floating power plant +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00065-00045318-00046014 in itself would have been an unbelievable idea, the cable going to such a depth could break at +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00066-00046014-00046698 any time due to high pressure as it had to be 12000ft. under water. Therefore the engineer +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00067-00046698-00047364 suggested that a nuclear power plant should be installed in the submarine itself. There were +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00068-00047364-00048048 many arguments on this but nothing was finalized. In this way, the mission was put on hold till the +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00069-00048048-00048678 Advance Equipment and Proper Budget was not made to complete it. Many proposals were made +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00070-00048678-00049338 to recover Titanic. But sometimes due to lack of budget, sometimes due to technical challenge, no +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00071-00049338-00050034 plan was successful. Friends, any company puts in such a big project only then it has some benefit, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00072-00050034-00050592 before how to take out the Titanic, there was a need to answer the question why it should +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00073-00050592-00051228 be taken out because whatever valuables were in the Titanic, it was taken out. You suppose that +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00074-00051228-00051894 if someone took it out of the water by investing crores of rupees, will he be able to recover the +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00075-00051894-00052632 money he invested? And the Titanic is taken out and a museum is made even then it will take many +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00076-00052632-00053244 years to make the return of investment. Although there are many emotions associated with this ship, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00077-00053244-00053760 but in such a situation no one would like to take such a big risk. Friends, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00078-00053760-00054474 it has been more than 100 years since Titanic sank and in so many years the bacteria present +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00079-00054474-00055236 in the sea are slowly eating it. It is also being estimated that these Hungarian bacteria +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00080-00055236-00055998 will completely disappear this sheep by the year 2030, not only this, many marine creatures +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00081-00055998-00056754 have made their nest in it. UNESCO declared this sheep as a protected site of Underwater Culture +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00082-00056754-00057372 Heritage in the year 2001. Talking about the present, the situation of Titanic has become +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00083-00057372-00058104 such that a new ship can be bought for as much as it will cost to take it out. Therefore, friends, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00084-00058104-00058794 the conclusion of all these things is that Titanic could not be pulled out till now and may never +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00085-00058794-00059508 be taken out. Because point number 1 Titanic is in such a bad state that if you drop it at all, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00086-00059508-00060264 it will shatter like dust. Number two, due to this ship being very deep, it can be quite risky +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00087-00060264-00061055 to go and work there. No. 3 What will we do by taking it out? So it can be said that Titanic +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00088-00061055-00061596 can never be recovered. It has been more than 30 years after the discovery of its debris, +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00089-00061596-00062328 even then scientists think that the remains of Titanic will not have much time left, but it is +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00090-00062328-00063048 also true that even if such water disappears and Even though its name may not be a trace, yet the +0ET9Nzm-aW0-00091-00063048-00063672 story of Titanic and its mystery will attract the attention of many generations to come. +0FpesKtzyT4-00000-00000166-00000942 So welcome everyone to Hing Ong's dissertation defense +0FpesKtzyT4-00001-00000942-00001580 Hing came to us with a Master of Science degree from Taiwan +0FpesKtzyT4-00002-00001580-00002038 And he didn't start out initially in my group +0FpesKtzyT4-00003-00002038-00002650 I knew of him only from his original application to the department +0FpesKtzyT4-00004-00002650-00003306 And just before he started in my group +0FpesKtzyT4-00005-00003306-00003994 I woke up around 2:00 a.m. with my phone buzzing me for incoming emails +0FpesKtzyT4-00006-00003994-00004202 And I don't always look at these +0FpesKtzyT4-00007-00004202-00004618 But I popped up and turned it on curiously +0FpesKtzyT4-00008-00004618-00005708 I found him asking me to advise him on his PhD in tropical large-scale dynamics +0FpesKtzyT4-00009-00005708-00005960 At the time, as I said, I didn't know him very well +0FpesKtzyT4-00010-00005960-00006066 But I'd seen his application +0FpesKtzyT4-00011-00006066-00006848 And I knew he was a fantastic student with a great record +0FpesKtzyT4-00012-00006848-00007242 In the months following +0FpesKtzyT4-00013-00007242-00007686 Hing was, I think, the fastest student I've ever had +0FpesKtzyT4-00014-00007686-00008458 in terms of turning out papers from the start of joining the research group +0FpesKtzyT4-00015-00008458-00008814 He, as I said, he did have a master's degree to start with +0FpesKtzyT4-00016-00008814-00009412 But he's always been quick studying +0FpesKtzyT4-00017-00009412-00010056 And works really hard oftentimes in the middle of the night to get things done +0FpesKtzyT4-00018-00010056-00011024 So it's the first time obviously we've done dissertation defenses in this way +0FpesKtzyT4-00019-00011024-00011614 The first part is as it's always been the public portion +0FpesKtzyT4-00020-00011614-00011954 Hing will provide his presentation for us +0FpesKtzyT4-00021-00011954-00012398 And I ask that you please hold your questions until the end +0FpesKtzyT4-00022-00012398-00013202 If you have questions that are brief clarifications +0FpesKtzyT4-00023-00013202-00013838 then you address them to me in the chat +0FpesKtzyT4-00024-00013838-00014080 And so I'll be able to take a look at them +0FpesKtzyT4-00025-00014080-00014216 and then assess whether either +0FpesKtzyT4-00026-00014216-00014640 I can respond myself with a quick clarification +0FpesKtzyT4-00027-00014640-00015018 or suggest that you wait to the end +0FpesKtzyT4-00028-00015018-00015597 or I will step in for a moment and ask Hing to address the question +0FpesKtzyT4-00029-00015597-00015991 depending on the nature of it +0FpesKtzyT4-00030-00015991-00016538 Please if you can wait till the very end with those +0FpesKtzyT4-00031-00016538-00017012 So we plan on the presentation taking roughly 45 minutes +0FpesKtzyT4-00032-00017012-00017506 We'll have about 15 minutes of questions from the public +0FpesKtzyT4-00033-00017506-00018054 after which we'll dismiss everyone but the committee +0FpesKtzyT4-00034-00018054-00018582 The committee consists of myself, Brian Rose, Rob Fovell, +0FpesKtzyT4-00035-00018582-00018912 and our visitor from NCAR, Bill Skamarock +0FpesKtzyT4-00036-00018912-00019434 And we specially appreciate his participation here +0FpesKtzyT4-00037-00019434-00019954 And with that, we'll let you take off +0FpesKtzyT4-00038-00019954-00020218 Thank you, Paul +0FpesKtzyT4-00039-00020218-00020588 It's my pleasure to present my dissertation on +0FpesKtzyT4-00040-00020588-00021232 The significance of the nontraditional Coriolis terms in tropical large-scale dynamics +0FpesKtzyT4-00041-00021232-00021544 For those calling in while viewing my offline slides +0FpesKtzyT4-00042-00021544-00021942 I will say the present slide number out loud +0FpesKtzyT4-00043-00021942-00022238 Slide number 2 +0FpesKtzyT4-00044-00022238-00022494 Like many other atmospheric scientists +0FpesKtzyT4-00045-00022494-00022880 I used to believe that in our weather and climate models +0FpesKtzyT4-00046-00022880-00023262 large-scale dynamics are well represented +0FpesKtzyT4-00047-00023262-00023588 because we build our models upon equations +0FpesKtzyT4-00048-00023588-00024012 known to govern the motion of large-scale flow +0FpesKtzyT4-00049-00024012-00024386 And what needs improvement is to represent +0FpesKtzyT4-00050-00024386-00025064 how the statistics of physical processes respond and feedback to large-scale flow +0FpesKtzyT4-00051-00025064-00025570 For example, we need to improve convective parameterization +0FpesKtzyT4-00052-00025570-00026056 which represent the statistics of convective processes +0FpesKtzyT4-00053-00026056-00026382 So I used to study convective parameterization +0FpesKtzyT4-00054-00026382-00026848 And I had a paper published about it three years ago +0FpesKtzyT4-00055-00026848-00027268 That was right before I came to SUNY Albany +0FpesKtzyT4-00056-00027268-00027533 However, two years ago +0FpesKtzyT4-00057-00027533-00027936 when I was looking for a new research topic +0FpesKtzyT4-00058-00027936-00028408 I reconsidered this question +0FpesKtzyT4-00059-00028408-00029144 Are large-scale atmospheric dynamics well represented in our models? +0FpesKtzyT4-00060-00029144-00029445 The result of this dissertation suggests +0FpesKtzyT4-00061-00029445-00029812 slide number 3, no +0FpesKtzyT4-00062-00029812-00030124 because the nontraditional Coriolis terms are omitted +0FpesKtzyT4-00063-00030124-00030570 in most of the current global atmospheric models +0FpesKtzyT4-00064-00030570-00030988 The nontraditional Coriolis terms are terms in the momentum equation that +0FpesKtzyT4-00065-00030988-00031536 turn eastward motion upward and upward motion westward +0FpesKtzyT4-00066-00031536-00031858 And vice versa +0FpesKtzyT4-00067-00031858-00032104 They are usually omitted +0FpesKtzyT4-00068-00032104-00032718 However, this dissertation and a few previous papers suggest that +0FpesKtzyT4-00069-00032718-00033044 the nontraditional Coriolis terms are considerable +0FpesKtzyT4-00070-00033044-00033756 in tropical large-scale dynamics in terms of these three aspects +0FpesKtzyT4-00071-00033756-00034032 (First,) flow response to heat sources +0FpesKtzyT4-00072-00034032-00034580 Second, hypsometric relation or pressure-height relation +0FpesKtzyT4-00073-00034580-00035132 Third, equatorial wave propagation mechanism +0FpesKtzyT4-00074-00035132-00035592 The results encourage restoring the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00075-00035592-00036044 into the models for more-accurate simulations of +0FpesKtzyT4-00076-00036044-00036406 MJO, the Madden-Julian oscillation +0FpesKtzyT4-00077-00036406-00036938 CCEWs, the convectively coupled equatorial waves +0FpesKtzyT4-00078-00036938-00037404 and flow response *to* the ITCZ +0FpesKtzyT4-00079-00037404-00038538 flow forced by the ITCZ, the intertropical convergence zone +0FpesKtzyT4-00080-00038538-00038904 You may wonder what made me consider such a question +0FpesKtzyT4-00081-00038904-00039186 Slide number 4 +0FpesKtzyT4-00082-00039186-00039608 I started from examining the equations +0FpesKtzyT4-00083-00039608-00040122 what's shown here are the fully nonhydrostatic momentum equations +0FpesKtzyT4-00084-00040122-00040434 used by only few models including +0FpesKtzyT4-00085-00040434-00041250 UK Met Office's Unified Model, Japanese NICAM, and US Navy's NUMA +0FpesKtzyT4-00086-00041250-00041478 The yellow terms here +0FpesKtzyT4-00087-00041478-00042056 Yellow terms are the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00088-00042056-00042570 They have a factor of 2 Omega cosine latitude +0FpesKtzyT4-00089-00042570-00043230 which is associated with the meridional projection of planetary vorticity +0FpesKtzyT4-00090-00043230-00043690 And they are maximized at the equator +0FpesKtzyT4-00091-00043690-00044098 Then, slide number 5 +0FpesKtzyT4-00092-00044098-00044584 These are the quasi-hydrostatic momentum equations +0FpesKtzyT4-00093-00044584-00045230 used by earlier generations of UK Met Office's Unified Model +0FpesKtzyT4-00094-00045230-00046460 Compare slide number 4 and 5 +0FpesKtzyT4-00095-00046460-00047118 The quasi-hydrostatic equations omit the vertical acceleration terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00096-00047118-00047400 which makes sense because in 1995 +0FpesKtzyT4-00097-00047400-00047746 White and Bromley's scale analysis suggests that +0FpesKtzyT4-00098-00047746-00048210 the vertical acceleration term is the smallest term +0FpesKtzyT4-00099-00048210-00048712 in the vertical momentum equation for large-scale flow +0FpesKtzyT4-00100-00048712-00049126 Then, slide number 6 +0FpesKtzyT4-00101-00049126-00049546 These are the hydrostatic primitive equations +0FpesKtzyT4-00102-00049546-00049972 used by most of the current global atmospheric models +0FpesKtzyT4-00103-00049972-00050530 Compare slide number 5 and 6 +0FpesKtzyT4-00104-00050530-00051326 Notice first here and here. Note that +0FpesKtzyT4-00105-00051326-00051974 the vertical momentum equation reduces to the hydrostatic equation +0FpesKtzyT4-00106-00051974-00052417 while one of the nontraditional Coriolis terms is omitted +0FpesKtzyT4-00107-00052417-00053008 Then the other nontraditional Coriolis term in the zonal momentum equation +0FpesKtzyT4-00108-00053008-00053396 must be omitted for energy conservation +0FpesKtzyT4-00109-00053396-00053886 So to use the hydrostatic approximation is one of the reasons that +0FpesKtzyT4-00110-00053886-00054229 people omit the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00111-00054229-00054420 which makes sense because the balance +0FpesKtzyT4-00112-00054420-00054800 between the perturbation pressure gradient and the buoyancy +0FpesKtzyT4-00113-00054800-00055229 is the leading order balance in the vertical +0FpesKtzyT4-00114-00055229-00055478 So far everything makes sense +0FpesKtzyT4-00115-00055478-00055702 Slide number 7 +0FpesKtzyT4-00116-00055702-00056082 These are the nonhydrostatic primitive equations +0FpesKtzyT4-00117-00056082-00056344 used by many models on the pathway +0FpesKtzyT4-00118-00056344-00056728 toward relaxing the hydrostatic approximation +0FpesKtzyT4-00119-00056728-00057558 Compare slide number 6 and 7 +0FpesKtzyT4-00120-00057558-00057882 Vertical acceleration term is restored +0FpesKtzyT4-00121-00057882-00058328 But the nontraditional Coriolis terms are not +0FpesKtzyT4-00122-00058328-00058674 So slide number 8 +0FpesKtzyT4-00123-00058674-00058934 According to a scale analysis +0FpesKtzyT4-00124-00058934-00059291 Vertical acceleration term is far smaller +0FpesKtzyT4-00125-00059291-00059588 than the vertical nontraditional Coriolis term +0FpesKtzyT4-00126-00059588-00060402 for a horizontal length scale of 100 km or larger +0FpesKtzyT4-00127-00060402-00060667 However, in many models +0FpesKtzyT4-00128-00060667-00061154 on the pathway toward relaxing the hydrostatic approximation +0FpesKtzyT4-00129-00061154-00061448 the vertical acceleration term is included +0FpesKtzyT4-00130-00061448-00061829 while the nontraditional Coriolis terms are omitted +0FpesKtzyT4-00131-00061829-00062476 This inconsistency motivates me to ask this question +0FpesKtzyT4-00132-00062476-00063544 Is there insufficiency in omitting the nontraditional Coriolis terms? +0FpesKtzyT4-00133-00063544-00063844 Before I move on, I reviewed some papers +0FpesKtzyT4-00134-00063844-00064084 slide number 9 +0FpesKtzyT4-00135-00064084-00064384 The general idea of these papers is +0FpesKtzyT4-00136-00064384-00064658 to compare the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00137-00064658-00065020 to the leading order terms for scale analyses +0FpesKtzyT4-00138-00065020-00065586 and to compare biases due to omitting the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00139-00065588-00066372 to results with or without the nontraditional Coriolis terms for model simulations +0FpesKtzyT4-00140-00066372-00066978 For tropical diabatic-forced large-scales flow +0FpesKtzyT4-00141-00066978-00067310 White and Bromley's scale analyses suggest that +0FpesKtzyT4-00142-00067310-00067886 the nontraditional Coriolis terms are 10% of the leading order terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00143-00067886-00068558 which are the traditional Coriolis in the zonal and the buoyancy in the vertical +0FpesKtzyT4-00144-00068558-00069082 Hayashi and Itoh's linear forced-dissipative model simulations suggest that +0FpesKtzyT4-00145-00069082-00069844 the nontraditional Coriolis terms contribute 10% of the resulting wind and pressure +0FpesKtzyT4-00146-00069844-00070136 Hayashi and Itoh's forced +0FpesKtzyT4-00147-00070136-00070366 So in their paper +0FpesKtzyT4-00148-00070366-00070798 They force the model by a prescribed heat source +0FpesKtzyT4-00149-00070798-00071686 that propagates eastward along the equator in an intraseasonal timescale +0FpesKtzyT4-00150-00071686-00072068 Accordingly, slide number 10 +0FpesKtzyT4-00151-00072068-00072648 In this dissertation, I further addressed these three questions +0FpesKtzyT4-00152-00072648-00073244 In Chapter 2, how do the nontraditional Coriolis terms affect +0FpesKtzyT4-00153-00073244-00073630 flow response to heat sources? +0FpesKtzyT4-00154-00073630-00074240 In Chapter 3, how do the nontraditional Coriolis terms affect +0FpesKtzyT4-00155-00074240-00074744 hypsometric relation or the pressure-height relation? +0FpesKtzyT4-00156-00074744-00075266 In Chapter 4, how do the nontraditional Coriolis terms affect +0FpesKtzyT4-00157-00075266-00075790 equatorial wave propagation mechanism? +0FpesKtzyT4-00158-00075790-00076062 I'll first show the flow response +0FpesKtzyT4-00159-00076062-00076366 Slide number 11 +0FpesKtzyT4-00160-00076366-00076714 I formulated a linear forced-dissipative model +0FpesKtzyT4-00161-00076714-00077226 that can switch the nontraditional Coriolis terms on and off +0FpesKtzyT4-00162-00077226-00077606 which is similar to Hayashi and Itoh's model +0FpesKtzyT4-00163-00077606-00078064 I forced the model with an ITCZ-like heat source +0FpesKtzyT4-00164-00078064-00078432 which is steady and zonally symmetric +0FpesKtzyT4-00165-00078432-00078762 And because it is steady and zonally symmetric +0FpesKtzyT4-00166-00078762-00079356 I am allowed to make my model simpler than Hayashi and Itoh's model +0FpesKtzyT4-00167-00079356-00080374 And here shows the meridional vertical distribution of +0FpesKtzyT4-00168-00080374-00081310 meridional velocity contoured and vertical velocity shaded +0FpesKtzyT4-00169-00081310-00081502 As a sanity check +0FpesKtzyT4-00170-00081502-00082024 the vertical velocity is nearly proportional to the prescribed heating rate +0FpesKtzyT4-00171-00082024-00082484 So I put my heating rate here prescribed +0FpesKtzyT4-00172-00082484-00083370 And there is an in-up-out Hadley-like circulation +0FpesKtzyT4-00173-00083370-00083730 Then, slide number 12 +0FpesKtzyT4-00174-00083730-00084134 Here shows the meridional vertical distribution of +0FpesKtzyT4-00175-00084134-00084668 zonal velocity with the nontraditional Coriolis terms contoured +0FpesKtzyT4-00176-00084668-00085356 So there are subtropical jet maxima here and here +0FpesKtzyT4-00177-00085356-00085820 associated with the Hadley-like circulation +0FpesKtzyT4-00178-00085820-00086576 the shading denotes the zonal velocity difference +0FpesKtzyT4-00179-00086576-00086988 without the nontraditional Coriolis terms minus with +0FpesKtzyT4-00180-00086988-00087284 So the shading can be interpreted +0FpesKtzyT4-00181-00087284-00087848 as a bias due to omitting the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00182-00087848-00088548 Compare slide number 11 to 12 +0FpesKtzyT4-00183-00088548-00089176 We see that a westerly wind bias is located in the heating region +0FpesKtzyT4-00184-00089176-00089706 while the subtropical jet is not affected +0FpesKtzyT4-00185-00089706-00090538 This westerly wind bias here is due to lack of westward nontraditional Coriolis term +0FpesKtzyT4-00186-00090538-00091190 associated with heating-induced upward motion +0FpesKtzyT4-00187-00091190-00091740 I'd like to reemphasize that the heat source is prescribed +0FpesKtzyT4-00188-00091740-00092346 In this case, the ITCZ width is 1,000 km +0FpesKtzyT4-00189-00092346-00093016 and the ITCZ location is 600 km from the equator +0FpesKtzyT4-00190-00093016-00093702 If we divide the maximum westerly bias by the maximum westerly wind +0FpesKtzyT4-00191-00093702-00094082 in the subtropical jet as a normalization +0FpesKtzyT4-00192-00094082-00094458 we get 12% of bias +0FpesKtzyT4-00193-00094458-00094838 Furthermore, slide number 13 +0FpesKtzyT4-00194-00094838-00095122 How does the normalized wind bias change +0FpesKtzyT4-00195-00095122-00095580 with the prescribed ITCZ configuration? +0FpesKtzyT4-00196-00095580-00096092 Here the normalized wind bias is plotted on the parameter space of +0FpesKtzyT4-00197-00096092-00096788 ITCZ width and ITCZ location from the equator +0FpesKtzyT4-00198-00096788-00097180 The plus sign here +0FpesKtzyT4-00199-00097180-00097538 The plus sign here denotes what I just showed +0FpesKtzyT4-00200-00097538-00098042 1,000 km wide and 600 km from the equator +0FpesKtzyT4-00201-00098042-00098352 And the normalized wind bias increases +0FpesKtzyT4-00202-00098352-00099170 when the ITCZ is narrower or closer to the equator +0FpesKtzyT4-00203-00099170-00099378 Inspired by these results +0FpesKtzyT4-00204-00099378-00099796 Slide number 14 +0FpesKtzyT4-00205-00099796-00100346 how hydrostatic is ITCZ-force flow? +0FpesKtzyT4-00206-00100346-00100984 the traditional measure here to validate the hydrostatic approximation is +0FpesKtzyT4-00207-00100984-00101544 to compare the vertical acceleration term to the buoyancy term +0FpesKtzyT4-00208-00101544-00102334 The scale analysis suggests that the ratio is D-squared / L-squared +0FpesKtzyT4-00209-00102334-00102608 where D denotes characteristic depth +0FpesKtzyT4-00210-00102608-00103028 and L denotes characteristic width +0FpesKtzyT4-00211-00103028-00103722 This ratio is very small for typical ITCZ +0FpesKtzyT4-00212-00103722-00104278 which suggests that ITCZ-forced flow is in hydrostatic balance +0FpesKtzyT4-00213-00104278-00104600 However, the hydrostatic approximation +0FpesKtzyT4-00214-00104600-00104883 not only omits the vertical acceleration term +0FpesKtzyT4-00215-00104883-00105266 but also omits the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00216-00105266-00105846 So an alternative measure for the tropical atmosphere +0FpesKtzyT4-00217-00105846-00106448 is to compare the nontraditional Coriolis terms to the traditional Coriolis +0FpesKtzyT4-00218-00106448-00106792 in the zonal momentum equation +0FpesKtzyT4-00219-00106792-00107320 The scale analysis suggests that the ratio is aD / YL +0FpesKtzyT4-00220-00107320-00107568 where "a" denotes planetary radius +0FpesKtzyT4-00221-00107568-00108111 and Y denotes distance from the equator to the subtropical jet +0FpesKtzyT4-00222-00108111-00108709 For a nonzero Y, we don't consider any jet at the equator +0FpesKtzyT4-00223-00108709-00109122 This ratio can be used to explain +0FpesKtzyT4-00224-00109122-00109411 why the normalized wind bias increases +0FpesKtzyT4-00225-00109411-00109844 when the ITCZ is narrower or closer to the equator +0FpesKtzyT4-00226-00109844-00110502 And it is on the order of 10% for typical ITCZ +0FpesKtzyT4-00227-00110502-00110848 which suggests that the hydrostatic approximation +0FpesKtzyT4-00228-00110848-00111418 is associated with 10% bias in ITCZ-forced flow +0FpesKtzyT4-00229-00111418-00111824 OK. Slide number 15 +0FpesKtzyT4-00230-00111824-00112115 We've talked about how the nontraditional Coriolis terms affect +0FpesKtzyT4-00231-00112116-00112722 how flow responds to heat sources +0FpesKtzyT4-00232-00112722-00113032 Note that I prescribed the heat source +0FpesKtzyT4-00233-00113032-00113409 as if I knew the distribution of the heating rate +0FpesKtzyT4-00234-00113409-00113933 In reality, the heating distribution is difficult to simulate +0FpesKtzyT4-00235-00113933-00114474 However, even if we had a perfect representation of +0FpesKtzyT4-00236-00114474-00114722 the statistics of the physical processes +0FpesKtzyT4-00237-00114722-00115394 which simulates the evolution of the heat source perfectly +0FpesKtzyT4-00238-00115394-00115746 the forced flow would still be substantially biased +0FpesKtzyT4-00239-00115746-00116130 if the nontraditional Coriolis terms are omitted +0FpesKtzyT4-00240-00116130-00116256 With that in mind +0FpesKtzyT4-00241-00116256-00117304 Let's move on to the hypsometric relation or the pressure-height relation +0FpesKtzyT4-00242-00117304-00117600 Slide number 16 +0FpesKtzyT4-00243-00117600-00117902 I'll start with a schematic +0FpesKtzyT4-00244-00117902-00118456 Consider a zonal vertical space +0FpesKtzyT4-00245-00118456-00118802 Given the pressure at the sea surface +0FpesKtzyT4-00246-00118802-00119272 we can estimate the height of a pressure level aloft +0FpesKtzyT4-00247-00119272-00119476 As a simple demonstration +0FpesKtzyT4-00248-00119476-00119858 If the density is horizontally homogeneous +0FpesKtzyT4-00249-00119858-00120908 the hydrostatic balance would suggest a flat isobaric surface aloft +0FpesKtzyT4-00250-00120908-00121378 Then, the quasi-hydrostatic balance further introduces +0FpesKtzyT4-00251-00121378-00121894 the nontraditional Coriolis term as a correction to gravity +0FpesKtzyT4-00252-00121894-00122618 Westerly winds are associated with upward nontraditional Coriolis term +0FpesKtzyT4-00253-00122618-00122976 which effectively makes the air lighter +0FpesKtzyT4-00254-00122976-00123506 So it needs a greater thickness between pressure surfaces to balance +0FpesKtzyT4-00255-00123506-00123874 The opposite is true for easterly winds +0FpesKtzyT4-00256-00123874-00124370 Then, slide number 17 +0FpesKtzyT4-00257-00124370-00124918 Here is the corrected hypsometric equation +0FpesKtzyT4-00258-00124918-00125456 Most of it is the same as the traditional hypsometric equation +0FpesKtzyT4-00259-00125456-00126252 It means that the thickness between two pressure levels, p2 and p1, equals to +0FpesKtzyT4-00260-00126252-00127135 the integral of gas constant R times virtual temperature Tv divided by gravity +0FpesKtzyT4-00261-00127135-00127661 But the gravity has a correction factor 1 + A +0FpesKtzyT4-00262-00127661-00128298 where the correction A includes the nontraditional Coriolis term +0FpesKtzyT4-00263-00128298-00128840 And it's so-called the Eötvös effect +0FpesKtzyT4-00264-00128840-00129304 The two nontraditional metric terms here are included for completeness +0FpesKtzyT4-00265-00129304-00129740 But they don't make a noticeable difference +0FpesKtzyT4-00266-00129740-00130166 I calculated the height of pressure levels +0FpesKtzyT4-00267-00130166-00130742 using this equation with and without the correction A +0FpesKtzyT4-00268-00130742-00131374 using more than 300,000 selected tropical rawinsonde profiles +0FpesKtzyT4-00269-00131374-00131992 And here, slide number 18, shows some of the results +0FpesKtzyT4-00270-00131992-00132698 The figure shows the probability density of all available data points +0FpesKtzyT4-00271-00132698-00133128 The vertical axis denotes the bias of height +0FpesKtzyT4-00272-00133128-00133806 due to omitting the nontraditional correction at 500 hPa +0FpesKtzyT4-00273-00133806-00134138 In terms of one standard deviation +0FpesKtzyT4-00274-00134138-00134826 the range of height bias is roughly between 0 and half a meter +0FpesKtzyT4-00275-00134826-00135202 And the height bias at 500 hPa +0FpesKtzyT4-00276-00135202-00135902 is negatively correlated with the zonal wind at 700 hPa +0FpesKtzyT4-00277-00135902-00136328 which is plotted on the horizontal axis +0FpesKtzyT4-00278-00136328-00136644 With the linear regression +0FpesKtzyT4-00279-00136644-00137982 An easterly wind of 8 m/s is associated with a positive height bias of half a meter +0FpesKtzyT4-00280-00137982-00138524 which is consistent with the schematic in slide number 16 +0FpesKtzyT4-00281-00138524-00138856 Here is the easterly wind +0FpesKtzyT4-00282-00138856-00139690 And above that is the quasi-hydrostatic height +0FpesKtzyT4-00283-00139690-00140358 And the hydrostatic approximation overestimates the height +0FpesKtzyT4-00284-00140358-00140738 Back to slide number 18 +0FpesKtzyT4-00285-00140738-00141388 And let's compare the height bias to the height variability +0FpesKtzyT4-00286-00141388-00141878 We used the ERA-interim data in the tropical region +0FpesKtzyT4-00287-00141878-00142242 and filtered for wavenumber 1 to 10 +0FpesKtzyT4-00288-00142242-00142996 And the horizontal standard deviation is roughly 10 m at 500 hPa +0FpesKtzyT4-00289-00142996-00143662 So the height bias is on the order of 5% of height variability +0FpesKtzyT4-00290-00143662-00143940 Although such a height bias may be smaller +0FpesKtzyT4-00291-00143940-00144418 than random error in height estimation with rawinsonde +0FpesKtzyT4-00292-00144418-00145018 it points out a source of systemic bias in model initial conditions +0FpesKtzyT4-00293-00145018-00145448 Then, slide number 19 +0FpesKtzyT4-00294-00145448-00145816 Knowing that both the vertical nontraditional Coriolis term +0FpesKtzyT4-00295-00145816-00146368 and the buoyancy are contributors to thickness between pressure levels +0FpesKtzyT4-00296-00146368-00147174 Here shows the zonal vertical distribution of these two contributors +0FpesKtzyT4-00297-00147174-00147720 to the variability of thickness associated with the MJO +0FpesKtzyT4-00298-00147720-00148072 The vertical nontraditional Coriolis term *is* contoured +0FpesKtzyT4-00299-00148072-00148402 And the buoyancy is shaded +0FpesKtzyT4-00300-00148402-00148824 These are calculated from the ERA-interim data +0FpesKtzyT4-00301-00148824-00149514 and are regressed upon MJO-filtered tropical rainfall at 90 degree East +0FpesKtzyT4-00302-00149514-00150162 which is marked with the green arrow here +0FpesKtzyT4-00303-00150162-00150686 On the west side of the green arrow +0FpesKtzyT4-00304-00150686-00151078 which is in the rear flank of the active MJO +0FpesKtzyT4-00305-00151078-00151600 there is a region dominated by upward nontraditional Coriolis term +0FpesKtzyT4-00306-00151600-00151916 with weak buoyancy signals +0FpesKtzyT4-00307-00151916-00152330 On the east side +0FpesKtzyT4-00308-00152330-00152782 which is in the forward flank of the active MJO +0FpesKtzyT4-00309-00152782-00153194 there is a region dominated by positive buoyancy +0FpesKtzyT4-00310-00153194-00153738 slightly offset by downward nontraditional Coriolis term +0FpesKtzyT4-00311-00153738-00154216 In terms of the maxima of absolute values +0FpesKtzyT4-00312-00154216-00155000 the vertical nontraditional Coriolis term is roughly 5% of the buoyancy +0FpesKtzyT4-00313-00155000-00155462 OK. Slide number 20 +0FpesKtzyT4-00314-00155462-00156114 We've talked about how the nontraditional Coriolis terms affect hypsometric relation +0FpesKtzyT4-00315-00156114-00156814 Note that I used surface pressure as a lower bound for upward integration +0FpesKtzyT4-00316-00156814-00157150 because I used rawinsonde data +0FpesKtzyT4-00317-00157150-00157758 For model data assimilation, however +0FpesKtzyT4-00318-00157758-00158188 Such a reliable reference level does not exist +0FpesKtzyT4-00319-00158188-00158836 So a thickness bias can contribute to height bias above or below +0FpesKtzyT4-00320-00158836-00159248 Also note that the random error in rawinsonde observation +0FpesKtzyT4-00321-00159248-00159670 may be larger than the systemic bias here +0FpesKtzyT4-00322-00159670-00160128 However, even if the winds, pressure, temperature, and moisture contents +0FpesKtzyT4-00323-00160128-00160786 were all well perfectly observed +0FpesKtzyT4-00324-00160786-00161264 the assimulated height would still be substantially biased +0FpesKtzyT4-00325-00161264-00161624 if the nontraditional Coriolis terms are omitted +0FpesKtzyT4-00326-00161624-00161790 With that in mind +0FpesKtzyT4-00327-00161790-00162224 Let's move on to the equatorial wave propagation mechanism +0FpesKtzyT4-00328-00162224-00162580 Slide number 21 +0FpesKtzyT4-00329-00162580-00163116 I'll start with the structure of an analytical solution of a wave +0FpesKtzyT4-00330-00163116-00163730 Here shows the zonal vertical distribution of +0FpesKtzyT4-00331-00163730-00164164 its mass stream function along the equator +0FpesKtzyT4-00332-00164164-00164458 In the tropical atmosphere +0FpesKtzyT4-00333-00164458-00164738 adiabatic warming or cooling is usually +0FpesKtzyT4-00334-00164738-00165132 partially offset by diabetic cooling or heating +0FpesKtzyT4-00335-00165132-00165474 which reduces the buoyancy generated +0FpesKtzyT4-00336-00165474-00166026 Let's first consider an extreme case where adiabatic and diabetic effects +0FpesKtzyT4-00337-00166026-00166554 completely offset each other leaving no buoyancy +0FpesKtzyT4-00338-00166554-00166836 Under such circumstances +0FpesKtzyT4-00339-00166836-00167470 Will these circulations propagate? +0FpesKtzyT4-00340-00167470-00167998 The normal answer is no because no buoyancy means no gravity waves +0FpesKtzyT4-00341-00167998-00168440 However, we can see another wave propagation mechanism +0FpesKtzyT4-00342-00168440-00168780 if we take both the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00343-00168780-00169296 and the vertically decreasing density into account +0FpesKtzyT4-00344-00169296-00170086 The shading here denotes meridional planetary vorticity divided by density +0FpesKtzyT4-00345-00170086-00170530 or 2 Omega / rho +0FpesKtzyT4-00346-00170530-00171364 The compressional beta-effect is a vertical advection of the shaded quantity +0FpesKtzyT4-00347-00171364-00171742 And it transmits these circulations eastward +0FpesKtzyT4-00348-00171742-00172092 For example, the circulation in the middle +0FpesKtzyT4-00349-00172092-00172972 is associated with positive meridional vorticity +0FpesKtzyT4-00350-00172972-00173294 which points into the screen +0FpesKtzyT4-00351-00173294-00173754 And the downward motion on the east side +0FpesKtzyT4-00352-00173754-00174274 yields positive advection of the shaded quantity +0FpesKtzyT4-00353-00174274-00174760 which increases the meridional vorticity on the east side +0FpesKtzyT4-00354-00174760-00175118 The opposite is true for the west side +0FpesKtzyT4-00355-00175118-00175596 So the circulation propagates to the east +0FpesKtzyT4-00356-00175596-00175990 Then, slide number 22 +0FpesKtzyT4-00357-00175990-00176338 Compressional beta-effect is first described +0FpesKtzyT4-00358-00176338-00176716 in a paper by Verhoeven and Stellmach +0FpesKtzyT4-00359-00176716-00177500 who derived the compressional Rossby wave solutions on an x-z plane +0FpesKtzyT4-00360-00177500-00177832 with a mistake in their derivation +0FpesKtzyT4-00361-00177832-00178034 This study corrects the mistake +0FpesKtzyT4-00362-00178034-00179126 and further expand the spatial domain to a 3-dimensional equatorial beta-plane +0FpesKtzyT4-00363-00179126-00179688 Theories about waves on an equatorial beta-plane have a long history +0FpesKtzyT4-00364-00179688-00180392 Matsuno derived the solutions with the shallow water model +0FpesKtzyT4-00365-00180392-00180722 In Holton and Hakim's textbook +0FpesKtzyT4-00366-00180722-00181102 we can find the solutions with an anelastic model +0FpesKtzyT4-00367-00181102-00181534 but without the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00368-00181534-00181890 Fruman as well as Roundy and Janiga +0FpesKtzyT4-00369-00181890-00182262 derived the solutions with the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00370-00182262-00182576 but with a Boussinesq model +0FpesKtzyT4-00371-00182576-00183026 None of these studies found the compressional beta-effect because +0FpesKtzyT4-00372-00183026-00183794 it needs both the nontraditional Coriolis terms and the vertically decreasing density +0FpesKtzyT4-00373-00183794-00184442 And the present study accounts for both of these ingredients +0FpesKtzyT4-00374-00184442-00184708 In addition, in my derivation +0FpesKtzyT4-00375-00184708-00185588 I put a factor alpha in the adiabatic term in the thermal dynamic equation +0FpesKtzyT4-00376-00185588-00186054 alpha = 1 means dry adiabatic +0FpesKtzyT4-00377-00186054-00186350 alpha between 0 and 1 means +0FpesKtzyT4-00378-00186350-00186942 partial offset of adiabatic effects by diabetic effects +0FpesKtzyT4-00379-00186942-00187378 where buoyancy frequency is effectively reduced +0FpesKtzyT4-00380-00187378-00188120 alpha = 0 means complete offset or effectively neutral +0FpesKtzyT4-00381-00188120-00188586 Then, slide number 23 +0FpesKtzyT4-00382-00188586-00189232 Here shows the dispersion relations on a wavenumber-frequency space +0FpesKtzyT4-00383-00189232-00189482 for a strongly stable atmosphere +0FpesKtzyT4-00384-00189482-00189806 where the effective buoyancy frequency is +0FpesKtzyT4-00385-00189806-00190296 far larger than the meridional planetary vorticity +0FpesKtzyT4-00386-00190296-00190858 Curves on the right side denote eastward-propagating waves +0FpesKtzyT4-00387-00190858-00191328 and the left side denotes westward propagation +0FpesKtzyT4-00388-00191328-00191642 For the same wavenumber +0FpesKtzyT4-00389-00191642-00192350 a higher frequency means faster phase speed +0FpesKtzyT4-00390-00192350-00192526 In the strongly stable case +0FpesKtzyT4-00391-00192526-00192908 my solution is like the Matsuno's solution +0FpesKtzyT4-00392-00192908-00193290 and you cannot distinguish the black and red curves +0FpesKtzyT4-00393-00193290-00193630 where black denotes with the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00394-00193630-00193908 and red without +0FpesKtzyT4-00395-00193908-00194542 Now watch and listen to this video +0FpesKtzyT4-00396-00194542-00195238 (Sound of piano played down the chromatic scale for 10 octaves) +0FpesKtzyT4-00397-00195238-00195690 The sound frequency played here is proportional to +0FpesKtzyT4-00398-00195690-00196318 the effective buoyancy frequency used to plot each frame of the animation +0FpesKtzyT4-00399-00196318-00196640 Please pay attention to the frequency axis +0FpesKtzyT4-00400-00196640-00197016 and the separation of black and red curves +0FpesKtzyT4-00401-00197016-00197610 Let's watch again +0FpesKtzyT4-00402-00197610-00198330 (Sound of piano played down the chromatic scale for 10 octaves) +0FpesKtzyT4-00403-00198330-00198702 With the effective buoyancy frequency decreasing +0FpesKtzyT4-00404-00198702-00199016 the phase speed also decreases +0FpesKtzyT4-00405-00199016-00199686 As you can see the frequency axis shrinks +0FpesKtzyT4-00406-00199686-00199934 And the solutions with and without +0FpesKtzyT4-00407-00199934-00200266 the nontraditional Coriolis term separate farther +0FpesKtzyT4-00408-00200266-00200928 while the frequency - the effective buoyancy frequency - is decreasing +0FpesKtzyT4-00409-00200928-00201166 In the last frame +0FpesKtzyT4-00410-00201166-00201412 it is effectively neutral +0FpesKtzyT4-00411-00201412-00201816 and the solutions without the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00412-00201816-00202004 no longer exists +0FpesKtzyT4-00413-00202004-00202512 But we still find solutions with the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00414-00202512-00203206 And this is the compressional Rossby wave solution +0FpesKtzyT4-00415-00203206-00203886 which propagates eastward at a phase speed of 1/4 m/s +0FpesKtzyT4-00416-00203886-00205506 Then, slide number 24 +0FpesKtzyT4-00417-00205506-00205846 This is a new figure created yesterday +0FpesKtzyT4-00418-00205846-00206330 The compressional beta-effect can serve as a contributor +0FpesKtzyT4-00419-00206330-00206704 to the eastward propagation of MJO +0FpesKtzyT4-00420-00206704-00207412 Here shows the zonal vertical distribution of the compressional beta-effect +0FpesKtzyT4-00421-00207412-00207602 which is *shaded* +0FpesKtzyT4-00422-00207602-00208102 and the local tendency of meridional vorticity *contoured* +0FpesKtzyT4-00423-00208102-00208469 These are calculated from the ERA-Interim data +0FpesKtzyT4-00424-00208469-00209058 and are regressed upon MJO-filtered tropical rainfall at 90 degree East +0FpesKtzyT4-00425-00209058-00209573 which is marked with the green arrow +0FpesKtzyT4-00426-00209573-00210480 In the mid-upper troposphere in the MJO-active region over the arrow and around +0FpesKtzyT4-00427-00210480-00211376 - this region - the meridional vorticity is decreasing as you see the dashed contours +0FpesKtzyT4-00428-00211376-00212044 Or in other words, the vertical wind shear is changing toward easterly +0FpesKtzyT4-00429-00212044-00212617 Meanwhile, in the same region, the upward motion in the active-MJO +0FpesKtzyT4-00430-00212617-00213273 yields negative advection of planetary vorticity divided by density +0FpesKtzyT4-00431-00213273-00213866 In other words, there is a negative compressional beta-effect +0FpesKtzyT4-00432-00213866-00214623 In terms of the minimum negative values +0FpesKtzyT4-00433-00214623-00215019 the compressional beta-effect contributes 11% +0FpesKtzyT4-00434-00215019-00215728 of the meridional vorticity tendency associated with the MJO +0FpesKtzyT4-00435-00215728-00216273 In summary, slide number 25 +0FpesKtzyT4-00436-00216273-00216830 In linear models, the nontraditional Coriolis terms affect +0FpesKtzyT4-00437-00216830-00217417 the flow response to heat sources by roughly 10% +0FpesKtzyT4-00438-00217417-00217954 and the hypsometric relation by roughly 5% +0FpesKtzyT4-00439-00217954-00218840 and the equatorial wave phase speed by roughly 1/4 m/s +0FpesKtzyT4-00440-00218840-00219596 or the meridional vorticity tendency associated with MJO by roughly 10% +0FpesKtzyT4-00441-00219596-00220088 Unlike many numerical errors in the models +0FpesKtzyT4-00442-00220088-00220616 these effects don't start small and grow large with the time integration +0FpesKtzyT4-00443-00220616-00221240 Instead, omitting these effects biases the initial pressure-height relation +0FpesKtzyT4-00444-00221240-00221823 and biases the zonal wind and wave propagation every time step +0FpesKtzyT4-00445-00221823-00222616 These biases may grow even larger if nonlinear processes are considered +0FpesKtzyT4-00446-00222616-00223090 which is left for future studies +0FpesKtzyT4-00447-00223090-00223628 These results encourage restoring the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00448-00223628-00224000 into the models for more-accurate simulations for +0FpesKtzyT4-00449-00224000-00224492 MJO, CCEWs, and ITCZ-forced flow +0FpesKtzyT4-00450-00224492-00224994 This restoration is not going to resolve all the problems +0FpesKtzyT4-00451-00224994-00225412 and the importance of improving the representation of +0FpesKtzyT4-00452-00225412-00225754 physical processes is not downgraded +0FpesKtzyT4-00453-00225754-00226146 However, the restoration of the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00454-00226146-00226621 should be among the top priorities of model development because +0FpesKtzyT4-00455-00226621-00227460 all other parts of the development depend on the choice of governing equations +0FpesKtzyT4-00456-00227460-00228028 And to validate the implementation of the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00457-00228028-00228567 the compressional Rossby wave test can be used as a benchmark +0FpesKtzyT4-00458-00228567-00228926 Slide number 26 +0FpesKtzyT4-00459-00228926-00229638 This test aims to push the dry-dynamical parameters to a limit that is +0FpesKtzyT4-00460-00229638-00230294 relevant to moist physics but difficult to test without modeling the moist physics +0FpesKtzyT4-00461-00230294-00230748 Accordingly, I used three special treatments +0FpesKtzyT4-00462-00230748-00231448 equatorial f-plane, fast planetary rotation, and barotropic gas +0FpesKtzyT4-00463-00231448-00232258 I included the nontraditional Coriolis terms into the MPAS atmospheric dynamical core +0FpesKtzyT4-00464-00232258-00232969 and used the upgraded dynamical core to simulate the compressional Rossby waves +0FpesKtzyT4-00465-00232969-00233578 And the animation you see here shows the results +0FpesKtzyT4-00466-00233578-00233919 The numerical solution in green contours +0FpesKtzyT4-00467-00233919-00234390 overlaps the analytical solution in black contours +0FpesKtzyT4-00468-00234390-00234966 So you can't really distinguish the two types of contours +0FpesKtzyT4-00469-00234966-00235680 which validates the implementation of the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00470-00235680-00236230 For the future, slide number 27 +0FpesKtzyT4-00471-00236230-00236676 I have a proposal titled +0FpesKtzyT4-00472-00236676-00237210 Effects of the nontraditional Coriolis terms in atmospheric models +0FpesKtzyT4-00473-00237210-00237666 It aims to explore possible nonlinear effects +0FpesKtzyT4-00474-00237666-00238430 and possible linkage to biases in ITCZ configuration and MJO propagation +0FpesKtzyT4-00475-00238430-00238860 I plan to assist the inclusion of the nontraditional Coriolis terms +0FpesKtzyT4-00476-00238860-00239286 into the NOAA FV3 model +0FpesKtzyT4-00477-00239286-00239662 It may lead the modeling community to a new era +0FpesKtzyT4-00478-00239662-00240423 where people build their models upon a sufficiently accurate governing equation +0FpesKtzyT4-00479-00240423-00240671 With this proposal, I was awarded the +0FpesKtzyT4-00480-00240671-00241038 NOAA Climate and Global Change postdoctoral fellowship +0FpesKtzyT4-00481-00241040-00241317 But I declined this award because it doesn't allow +0FpesKtzyT4-00482-00241317-00241798 bringing the fellowship to an institution other than the proposed one +0FpesKtzyT4-00483-00241798-00242354 So the proposed study is to be done at UC Davis +0FpesKtzyT4-00484-00242354-00243021 Finally, slide number 28, acknowledgments +0FpesKtzyT4-00485-00243021-00243576 This study would not have been done without my advisor Paul Roundy +0FpesKtzyT4-00486-00243576-00244216 I first knew Paul by an email correspondence in 2016 +0FpesKtzyT4-00487-00244216-00244778 That was before I attended the Conference on Hurricane and Tropical Meteorology +0FpesKtzyT4-00488-00244778-00245340 in San Juan, Puerto Rico +0FpesKtzyT4-00489-00245340-00245802 Paul, as a chair of that conference, sent the attendees +0FpesKtzyT4-00490-00245802-00246167 an email about something that I don't remember +0FpesKtzyT4-00491-00246167-00246506 But I still remember his email signature here +0FpesKtzyT4-00492-00246506-00247184 See that creature climbing on the business card +0FpesKtzyT4-00493-00247184-00247876 With that first impression, then two years ago +0FpesKtzyT4-00494-00247876-00248096 I asked Paul to be my advisor +0FpesKtzyT4-00495-00248096-00248782 after I googled the term "nontraditional Coriolis terms" and found Paul's paper +0FpesKtzyT4-00496-00248782-00249123 And this turns out to be a great decision +0FpesKtzyT4-00497-00249123-00249578 Paul cares for me, supports me, and guided me +0FpesKtzyT4-00498-00249578-00249954 Paul is also extraordinarily accessible +0FpesKtzyT4-00499-00249954-00250436 His office is usually open for walk-in advice +0FpesKtzyT4-00500-00250436-00250769 And he usually responds quickly to emails +0FpesKtzyT4-00501-00250769-00251064 So, thank you, Paul +0FpesKtzyT4-00502-00251064-00251273 Slide number 29 +0FpesKtzyT4-00503-00251273-00251578 Many thanks to my other committee members +0FpesKtzyT4-00504-00251578-00251980 Brian Rose, Rob Fovell, and Bill Skamarock +0FpesKtzyT4-00505-00251980-00252438 Their comments improved the quality of this dissertation +0FpesKtzyT4-00506-00252438-00252723 Bill also provided a tutorial +0FpesKtzyT4-00507-00252723-00253242 that makes the development of the MPAS possible in this study +0FpesKtzyT4-00508-00253242-00253514 Many thanks to my audiences +0FpesKtzyT4-00509-00253514-00253986 First thanks to those attended my defense rehearsal +0FpesKtzyT4-00510-00253986-00254569 Ahmed, Ajay, Hsiao-chun, Minghao, and Fangze +0FpesKtzyT4-00511-00254569-00254932 Also, thanks to those attended my (presentation in) +0FpesKtzyT4-00512-00254932-00255732 Prospectus Defense, Climate Group Meetings, Northeast Tropical Workshop, +0FpesKtzyT4-00513-00255732-00256250 AMS Annual Meeting, and AGU Fall Meetings +0FpesKtzyT4-00514-00256250-00256678 Moreover, thanks to those attended my invited talks at +0FpesKtzyT4-00515-00256678-00257290 UC Davis, MIT, NCAR, and Taiwanese institutions including +0FpesKtzyT4-00516-00257290-00257976 NTU, Academia Sinica, and Central Weather Bureau +0FpesKtzyT4-00517-00257976-00258576 The reactions of my audiences helped me improving my presentation +0FpesKtzyT4-00518-00258576-00259310 Many thanks to DAES staffs, Chaina, Annie, Barb, Kevin, and Ash +0FpesKtzyT4-00519-00259310-00259971 for making all those administrative and technical issues so easy for me +0FpesKtzyT4-00520-00259971-00260214 Slide number 30 +0FpesKtzyT4-00521-00260214-00260664 Many thanks to my former PhD adviser Wei-Chyung Wang +0FpesKtzyT4-00522-00260664-00261028 for bringing me in and caring for me +0FpesKtzyT4-00523-00261028-00261726 Many thanks to my master's advisor at NTU, Chien-Ming Wu and Hung-Chi Kuo +0FpesKtzyT4-00524-00261726-00262244 for their rigorous training in scientific writing and atmospheric dynamics +0FpesKtzyT4-00525-00262244-00263020 Many thanks to Marat Khairoutdinov for his inspiring talk on March 26, two years ago +0FpesKtzyT4-00526-00263020-00263512 Many thanks to all DAES and ASRC faculties and students +0FpesKtzyT4-00527-00263512-00263966 for making such a friendly research environment +0FpesKtzyT4-00528-00263966-00264472 Many thanks to my teammates in our soccer team, Snow Squall Squad +0FpesKtzyT4-00529-00264472-00265680 Many thanks to my wife and my children +0FpesKtzyT4-00530-00265680-00265820 Slide number 31 +0FpesKtzyT4-00531-00265820-00266324 Many thanks to those who funded me during my three-year study +0FpesKtzyT4-00532-00266324-00266849 ASRC offered me the graduate fellowship in my first year +0FpesKtzyT4-00533-00266850-00267216 DAES has been offering me the teaching assistantship +0FpesKtzyT4-00534-00267216-00267498 in my second and third year +0FpesKtzyT4-00535-00267498-00267822 Taiwanese Ministry of Education has been offering me +0FpesKtzyT4-00536-00267822-00268324 the Government Scholarship to Study Abroad in my third year +0FpesKtzyT4-00537-00268324-00268898 Paul's grant from the NSF funded my summer wages and trips to conferences +0FpesKtzyT4-00538-00268898-00269184 My parents and parents-in-law partially funded +0FpesKtzyT4-00539-00269184-00269544 some of my needs like my car and trips to Taiwan +0FpesKtzyT4-00540-00269544-00269718 Next slides +0FpesKtzyT4-00541-00269718-00269898 If you are interested in using +0FpesKtzyT4-00542-00269898-00270510 the linear forced-dissipative model or the compressional Rossby wave test +0FpesKtzyT4-00543-00270510-00271028 please find the Matlab scripts or the Fortran module below +0FpesKtzyT4-00544-00271028-00271352 And that's all, thank you +0FMV6YpNjNA-00000-00000268-00000674 Hi, guys, I'm Molly Jane, and I just wanted to give a huge THANK YOU for helping us reach +0FMV6YpNjNA-00001-00000674-00000890 50,000 subscribers! +0FMV6YpNjNA-00002-00000890-00001380 Every new subscriber to us gets us just excited as our very first subscriber, and it means +0FMV6YpNjNA-00003-00001380-00001630 we cherish each and every single one of you. +0FMV6YpNjNA-00004-00001630-00001748 And thank you! +0GMk4yjrKZy-00000-00000006-00000531 where your focus needs to be to get more sales now are you just starting out or +0GMk4yjrKZy-00001-00000531-00001055 are you already selling online and you really need to know what am i focus on +0GMk4yjrKZy-00002-00001055-00001449 what are the 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one please please please be honest in your ad copy don't make up stuff don't +0GMk4yjrKZy-00033-00014911-00015331 say stuff that's not true don't make any promises and a lot of these platforms if +0GMk4yjrKZy-00034-00015331-00015738 you do that like a Facebook or YouTube or something like that if you promise +0GMk4yjrKZy-00035-00015738-00016213 things to people that you don't even know such as you'll lose ten pounds in +0GMk4yjrKZy-00036-00016213-00016603 ten days and you will get banded I mean it's just gonna happen you can't make +0GMk4yjrKZy-00037-00016603-00016975 promises you want to be honest about whatever the product is that you're +0GMk4yjrKZy-00038-00016975-00017338 selling number two get more ad clicks with AD +0GMk4yjrKZy-00039-00017338-00017761 extensions if you're selling stuff online ad extensions are a no-brainer +0GMk4yjrKZy-00040-00017761-00018232 this feature available in both Adwords and Bing allows you to make your ad +0GMk4yjrKZy-00041-00018232-00018742 bigger and more places to click it doesn't cost anything extra and it +0GMk4yjrKZy-00042-00018742-00019225 increases your ads click-through rate amazing stuff right any example you see +0GMk4yjrKZy-00043-00019225-00019612 on the screen right now the links to men's sunglasses and women's sunglasses +0GMk4yjrKZy-00044-00019612-00020098 give people who are looking to buy a pair of ray-bans two additional places +0GMk4yjrKZy-00045-00020098-00020569 to click this saves the potential customer a step and makes it easier and +0GMk4yjrKZy-00046-00020569-00021016 faster to find exactly what they want so they go to your site instead of a +0GMk4yjrKZy-00047-00021016-00021505 competitor's show off testimonials testimonials are awesome that's number +0GMk4yjrKZy-00048-00021505-00021961 three if you can get testimonials you want to publish those on your site +0GMk4yjrKZy-00049-00021961-00022336 they're so so important yeah don't make up testimonials of course have real +0GMk4yjrKZy-00050-00022336-00022678 testimonials but any get up most people are not going to give you a testimonial +0GMk4yjrKZy-00051-00022678-00023047 right off the bat you gotta ask for them what I've done is I've sent out emails +0GMk4yjrKZy-00052-00023047-00023509 before to maybe friends who have done business with me I so now emails to my +0GMk4yjrKZy-00053-00023509-00023908 list and who bought products and I say hey if you do a testimonial if you write +0GMk4yjrKZy-00054-00023908-00024170 one if you do a video whatever we'll interview in a contest +0GMk4yjrKZy-00055-00024170-00024479 and do some type of evil way but you've got it motivated to do these +0GMk4yjrKZy-00056-00024479-00024863 testimonials they're not going to do it on their own create a sense of urgency +0GMk4yjrKZy-00057-00024863-00025292 now it's important to be honest of course but if you can instill any type +0GMk4yjrKZy-00058-00025292-00025772 of urgency into your ad or your ad copy or your sales page or your video it's +0GMk4yjrKZy-00059-00025772-00026276 best to do it it does increase sales many consumers respond really positive +0GMk4yjrKZy-00060-00026276-00026747 to incentives that you put in your particular app so if you notice at the +0GMk4yjrKZy-00061-00026747-00027344 top of this image right here it says save $10 on your initial order so doing +0GMk4yjrKZy-00062-00027344-00027814 something like this can really help you out and really increase sales and drive +0GMk4yjrKZy-00063-00027814-00028385 higher purchases in Adwords you can use ad customizers to display a countdown on +0GMk4yjrKZy-00064-00028385-00028888 a seasonal offer or limited time sale however you choose to do it creating a +0GMk4yjrKZy-00065-00028888-00029345 sense of urgency is a great way to increase online sales number five have a +0GMk4yjrKZy-00066-00029345-00029900 bulletproof money back guarantee now we have this on some of our products and +0GMk4yjrKZy-00067-00029900-00030283 some of our products and we don't so let me explain to you how you want to look +0GMk4yjrKZy-00068-00030283-00030764 at this if you have a physical product I would almost always say that you have to +0GMk4yjrKZy-00069-00030764-00031286 have a bulletproof guarantee so we sell survival food and we don't want anybody +0GMk4yjrKZy-00070-00031286-00031672 saying anything bad about our survival food obviously and people liked it and +0GMk4yjrKZy-00071-00031672-00032095 we really don't have any problems but we do have that guarantee that if they buy +0GMk4yjrKZy-00072-00032095-00032495 our food and they don't like it for any reason or it's damaged or whatever it is +0GMk4yjrKZy-00073-00032495-00032852 we're gonna replace it we don't argue with that at all now I don't do that +0GMk4yjrKZy-00074-00032852-00033308 with every one of my courses because if I sell a course to somebody and they get +0GMk4yjrKZy-00075-00033308-00033587 the course and they go through the whole course and recorded at home and then +0GMk4yjrKZy-00076-00033587-00033815 want their money back there are people out there they will do +0GMk4yjrKZy-00077-00033815-00034274 stuff like that so we do have money-back guarantees on the courses but we require +0GMk4yjrKZy-00078-00034274-00034603 that they actually go through the course they actually do the things the course +0GMk4yjrKZy-00079-00034603-00034970 says because we know if they go through it they do the things the course says +0GMk4yjrKZy-00080-00034970-00035393 they're actually going to get results so you want to look at your product which +0GMk4yjrKZy-00081-00035393-00035840 of your products you're gonna have a a bleep guarantee on in which product you +0GMk4yjrKZy-00082-00035840-00036411 may have some qualifications on number six is offer fewer choices now +0GMk4yjrKZy-00083-00036411-00036762 people would think well you know you if you offer them a whole lot of stuff then +0GMk4yjrKZy-00084-00036762-00037088 you have a better chance to sell them a whole lot of stuff you don't as a matter +0GMk4yjrKZy-00085-00037088-00037371 of fact if you're running an ad and you're running it to a product that +0GMk4yjrKZy-00086-00037371-00037736 you're selling that should be the only product on the page now you may have +0GMk4yjrKZy-00087-00037736-00038159 discounts for multiples of that product so maybe if they buy one piece of our +0GMk4yjrKZy-00088-00038159-00038513 meat it's a certain price if they buy five cases it's a lower price and they +0GMk4yjrKZy-00089-00038513-00038984 buy ten cases it's an even lower price but you don't want to have four or five +0GMk4yjrKZy-00090-00038984-00039287 six different products on there and I see this all the time and people aren't +0GMk4yjrKZy-00091-00039287-00039627 getting conversions and it's because they went to the page and once they have +0GMk4yjrKZy-00092-00039627-00039912 all these choices they tend to put it off they go well I can buy this record +0GMk4yjrKZy-00093-00039912-00040121 buy this I'll just wait and I'll come back to it +0GMk4yjrKZy-00094-00040121-00040496 and then they never do so it's really important that you are gonna increase +0GMk4yjrKZy-00095-00040496-00041072 your sales if you have fewer choices number seven you can target look-alike +0GMk4yjrKZy-00096-00041072-00041453 audiences on Facebook this is awesome you can actually take people who had +0GMk4yjrKZy-00097-00041453-00041891 bought from you or people who have been to your page you can upload them to +0GMk4yjrKZy-00098-00041891-00042302 Facebook and Facebook will create a look-alike audience in other words they +0GMk4yjrKZy-00099-00042302-00042656 go out there and try to find people that have the same traits as those people +0GMk4yjrKZy-00100-00042656-00042953 that you've uploaded and they can find you an audience of two or three million +0GMk4yjrKZy-00101-00042953-00043287 people that are similar to the people that already bought for you now the only +0GMk4yjrKZy-00102-00043287-00043703 caveat is if it's a sale you have to add at least a hundred people for one +0GMk4yjrKZy-00103-00043703-00044118 country so you'd have to have a hundred people for the United States if you did +0GMk4yjrKZy-00104-00044118-00044483 want to do a look like audience now the more you have the better off you are if +0GMk4yjrKZy-00105-00044483-00044741 you have a thousand that look-alike audience is gonna be better if you have +0GMk4yjrKZy-00106-00044741-00045158 10,000 that look-alike audience is gonna be better so as you do these look like +0GMk4yjrKZy-00107-00045158-00045602 audiences you want to constantly update them to match your sales or your +0GMk4yjrKZy-00108-00045602-00046058 visitors number eight reduce friction at checkout now what does that mean that +0GMk4yjrKZy-00109-00046058-00046409 means that when they get to that checkout form it should be really super +0GMk4yjrKZy-00110-00046409-00046733 easy they shouldn't have to check a lot of boxes they shouldn't have to fill out +0GMk4yjrKZy-00111-00046733-00047121 a whole lot of things sometimes we'll do it in steps where you know if they say +0GMk4yjrKZy-00112-00047121-00047387 they want the product they click the product when they do their information +0GMk4yjrKZy-00113-00047387-00047744 box will pop open and when they fill that out and that's completed the +0GMk4yjrKZy-00114-00047744-00048144 delivery box will pop open but you want to make it as smooth as possible if you +0GMk4yjrKZy-00115-00048144-00048452 make them click a lot if you make them go to a lot of places you can make them +0GMk4yjrKZy-00116-00048452-00048947 eat a lot it's gonna hurt your sales number 9 now this goes against one of +0GMk4yjrKZy-00117-00048947-00049222 the other things I said because we said we don't want a lot of options but this +0GMk4yjrKZy-00118-00049222-00049694 one we want a lot of options allow a lot of payment options okay that's really +0GMk4yjrKZy-00119-00049694-00050053 super important so accept every single credit card there is out there except +0GMk4yjrKZy-00120-00050053-00050488 PayPal out there except any type of form of payment that you can because the more +0GMk4yjrKZy-00121-00050488-00050903 that you accept the more you're gonna open up your audience because you don't +0GMk4yjrKZy-00122-00050903-00051257 know how that particular customer is paying so if you have a lot of options +0GMk4yjrKZy-00123-00051257-00051682 available that way you don't lose any customers number 10 +0GMk4yjrKZy-00124-00051682-00052157 invest in quality product images now this is so important because I know a +0GMk4yjrKZy-00125-00052157-00052654 lot of you are selling from Aliexpress you have Shopify stores you're doing +0GMk4yjrKZy-00126-00052654-00053114 drop shipping and you say well I I don't have the product they are I can't take +0GMk4yjrKZy-00127-00053114-00053533 pictures of this product because I don't have it so that's a problem right there +0GMk4yjrKZy-00128-00053533-00053816 because if you don't have it and you're selling it that means you don't even +0GMk4yjrKZy-00129-00053816-00054182 know if it's a good product you haven't ordered it it's really simple go to +0GMk4yjrKZy-00130-00054182-00054548 Aliexpress and when you're thinking about selling products order the +0GMk4yjrKZy-00131-00054548-00054802 products that you're thinking about selling and you say well I don't want to +0GMk4yjrKZy-00132-00054802-00055100 spend $1 or $2 and we don't know anything you got to this is something +0GMk4yjrKZy-00133-00055100-00055579 you got to do because if you don't do this you know a lot of you say well I'll +0GMk4yjrKZy-00134-00055579-00055961 buy the product if it sells and then I'll take pictures but the problem is +0GMk4yjrKZy-00135-00055961-00056366 you need to put you first to be able to try to sell the product so you can't do +0GMk4yjrKZy-00136-00056366-00056732 it backwards it's really super important that you've got that product first and +0GMk4yjrKZy-00137-00056732-00057077 you take a picture of it it is an investment but you know what having an +0GMk4yjrKZy-00138-00057077-00057461 online business you've got to invest in it you've got to invest time you've got +0GMk4yjrKZy-00139-00057461-00057907 invest money you've got to invest effort if you don't do these things then of +0GMk4yjrKZy-00140-00057907-00058357 course you're not gonna do well now I recently did pictures of our survival +0GMk4yjrKZy-00141-00058357-00058775 foods and we hired a photographer and it came over there and he took pictures on +0GMk4yjrKZy-00142-00058775-00059069 plates of all of our food we took them out of the can we didn't take pictures +0GMk4yjrKZy-00143-00059069-00059387 of the cans because the cans aren't gonna sell much we actually put them on +0GMk4yjrKZy-00144-00059387-00059716 a plate and we put parsley on there and we made it look all +0GMk4yjrKZy-00145-00059716-00060037 delicious because when they go to the website that's what they're right there +0GMk4yjrKZy-00146-00060037-00060349 right underneath we're not buying a can they don't want to can they want that +0GMk4yjrKZy-00147-00060349-00060816 meat and we sell survival food can me and if I say that survival food can mean +0GMk4yjrKZy-00148-00060816-00061179 that doesn't sound appetizing but if I put it on the plate and make it look +0GMk4yjrKZy-00149-00061179-00061648 good it does taste great but I have to present it in a manner that they're used +0GMk4yjrKZy-00150-00061648-00062145 to seeing it so the product image thing I really can't eat that enough okay I +0GMk4yjrKZy-00151-00062145-00062599 mean that is so so important that you have good images no matter what you're +0GMk4yjrKZy-00152-00062599-00062950 selling you know if you're selling a course even course like I sell courses +0GMk4yjrKZy-00153-00062950-00063424 we have pictures of the course and it may be its own CDs and maybe it's all +0GMk4yjrKZy-00154-00063424-00063804 little booklets or maybe it's showing on their iPad or whatever it is we show +0GMk4yjrKZy-00155-00063804-00064316 them the actual course in a visual and I would highly suggest you doing that too +0GMk4yjrKZy-00156-00064316-00064912 number 11 get ready your landing pages why get rid of your landing pages that's +0GMk4yjrKZy-00157-00064912-00065232 crazy well it isn't it isn't here's the truth +0GMk4yjrKZy-00158-00065232-00065806 right now most people are viewing your landing pages on mobile devices and if +0GMk4yjrKZy-00159-00065806-00066264 you don't have them set to mobile so that they can see things in mobile then +0GMk4yjrKZy-00160-00066264-00066643 you're gonna have a problem so if you have the traditional landing page that +0GMk4yjrKZy-00161-00066643-00067056 is not designed for mobile and you've got a problem now I can tell you how to +0GMk4yjrKZy-00162-00067056-00067527 fix that right now the simplest way to fix it is get car trouble I have a link +0GMk4yjrKZy-00163-00067527-00067954 to Kartra in the description right now if you click that link you can actually +0GMk4yjrKZy-00164-00067954-00068368 get a trial for $1 but more importantly if you click that link you can watch a +0GMk4yjrKZy-00165-00068368-00068745 free video that shows you what it'll do but in Kartra when you're building your +0GMk4yjrKZy-00166-00068745-00069163 pages you can switch it over to mobile you can see how it looks and you can +0GMk4yjrKZy-00167-00069163-00069582 view it in there on mobile so that it matches in the next step to this is +0GMk4yjrKZy-00168-00069582-00069997 really getting rid of your landing pages you can run ads through Facebook now +0GMk4yjrKZy-00169-00069997-00070393 that are call only ads where the ad actually doesn't even go to your page +0GMk4yjrKZy-00170-00070393-00070813 any longer it just pops up on their phone and a phone number pops up and +0GMk4yjrKZy-00171-00070813-00071137 they hit it and they can actually call your business if you're in the type of +0GMk4yjrKZy-00172-00071137-00071473 business where you want a customer a call so think and +0GMk4yjrKZy-00173-00071473-00071832 everybody viewing all your pages on mobile and you'll get rid of your +0GMk4yjrKZy-00174-00071832-00072189 landing pages or at least the traditional way to do them number 12 +0GMk4yjrKZy-00175-00072189-00072880 give Gmail ads a try now for years these things were easy to use and they were in +0GMk4yjrKZy-00176-00072880-00073351 and out of beta constantly but Gmail ads are finally available to everybody +0GMk4yjrKZy-00177-00073351-00073794 they're really cool ads and anybody can do a myth if you're already reaching +0GMk4yjrKZy-00178-00073794-00074226 customers when they search and when they browse on social why not go the extra +0GMk4yjrKZy-00179-00074226-00074755 mile and hit them while they're in their inboxes - one of the most effective ways +0GMk4yjrKZy-00180-00074755-00075292 to use Gmail ads is by targeting competitor keywords people who are in +0GMk4yjrKZy-00181-00075292-00075712 the market for your competitors products are getting emails from your competitors +0GMk4yjrKZy-00182-00075712-00076377 that may mention their brand terms right now so by targeting those same terms you +0GMk4yjrKZy-00183-00076377-00076758 can show up in their inboxes and hopefully change their minds and have +0GMk4yjrKZy-00184-00076758-00077422 them buy your product okay so that is 12 steps you can take but I've got 13 more +0GMk4yjrKZy-00185-00077422-00077941 this is video one in a two-part series so you're gonna want to click to the +0GMk4yjrKZy-00186-00077941-00078357 next video I'll have the next video in the description down there you can click +0GMk4yjrKZy-00187-00078357-00078679 through to it and watch the second part thank you so much for watching this +0GMk4yjrKZy-00188-00078679-00079117 video if you haven't subscribed so far please do so there's a oh my god they +0GMk4yjrKZy-00189-00079117-00079480 put a huge subscribe button down there they put it there for a reason +0GMk4yjrKZy-00190-00079480-00079936 you gotta click it and next to it don't forget notifications you kind of ring +0GMk4yjrKZy-00191-00079936-00080301 the bell you got to make that Bell as loud as you possibly can now the harder +0GMk4yjrKZy-00192-00080301-00080842 you click it the louder its gonna be and if you like loud bells click it hard and +0GMk4yjrKZy-00193-00080842-00081226 if you don't click it very softly and then after you do that make sure you +0GMk4yjrKZy-00194-00081226-00081637 turn on all notifications so you can become part of the Fisher family part of +0GMk4yjrKZy-00195-00081637-00082042 the VIP group that gets notified every single time I do one of these videos and +0GMk4yjrKZy-00196-00082042-00082366 I've got a gift for you like I said there's a $97 +0GMk4yjrKZy-00197-00082366-00082770 ecommerce course if you look down in the description you click that link you can +0GMk4yjrKZy-00198-00082770-00083329 click and learn no credit card required it's free check it out and I'll see you +0GMk4yjrKZy-00199-00083329-00083731 in the next hey thanks for watching my video don't +0GMk4yjrKZy-00200-00083731-00084148 forget to subscribe to my channel and +0GMk4yjrKZy-00201-00084148-00084745 notified every time I do a new video also click on one of those videos there +0GMk4yjrKZy-00202-00084745-00085080 watch it on my channel +0II_2PQqaKk-00001-00000969-00001516 Welcome to a new video by Jesus H.N. BIGAMER +0II_2PQqaKk-00002-00001560-00001907 And you can see in the title, the video is the next +0II_2PQqaKk-00003-00002022-00002450 you know that i start to play it fast and then slow +0II_2PQqaKk-00004-00002594-00002908 before to start I will send greetings +0II_2PQqaKk-00005-00002953-00003083 to Dios de la muerte +0II_2PQqaKk-00006-00003158-00003411 to +0II_2PQqaKk-00007-00003411-00003582 Elban_dido Gamer 8v +0II_2PQqaKk-00008-00003711-00004029 to alastox_x +0II_2PQqaKk-00009-00004139-00004383 also to karolth blaze +0II_2PQqaKk-00010-00004502-00004786 finally to Erick Lang +0II_2PQqaKk-00011-00004892-00005191 well, we start +0II_2PQqaKk-00036-00011240-00011530 Well, that´s all about the video +0II_2PQqaKk-00037-00011530-00011837 you know that you can give me a like or dislike +0II_2PQqaKk-00038-00011838-00012100 and if it is the first time that you watch one of my videos +0II_2PQqaKk-00039-00012100-00012358 you can subscribe and activate the bell +0II_2PQqaKk-00040-00012358-00012732 for notifications about future videos +0II_2PQqaKk-00041-00012732-00012978 then, we go to play it slow +0II_2PQqaKk-00042-00013058-00013154 chao +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00000-00000022-00000160 Heidi Rehm: Thank you for having me. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00001-00000160-00000479 So I was asked to give some of the laboratory perspective. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00002-00000479-00000999 My background is as a board-certified clinical laboratory geneticist, and I direct the Laboratory +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00003-00000999-00001473 for Molecular Medicine at the Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine under Scott +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00004-00001473-00001677 Weiss’s leadership. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00005-00001677-00002288 And we are in the process of developing a genomic sequencing clinical service through +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00006-00002288-00002425 our CLIA lab. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00007-00002425-00002866 We’re working closely with our geneticists' clinics, and Mike Murray from the Brigham +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00008-00002866-00003373 is here, in terms of the up-front and return of results environment. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00009-00003373-00003846 Our main focus, in terms of the expertise that we have and our strength, is really focusing +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00010-00003846-00004353 on the data analysis interpretation piece, and initially, we will outsource the technical +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00011-00004353-00004873 component for the whole genome sequencing, although we are developing the exome sequencing +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00012-00004873-00005193 capability in our clinical lab as well. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00013-00005193-00005619 So most of our effort has been surrounding the enormous computational challenges surrounding +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00014-00005619-00006120 variant annotation, filtration, and really, although we’ve done evidence-based variant +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00015-00006120-00006640 assessment for 10 years in the context of doing clinical sequencing, scaling that to +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00016-00006640-00006975 address the genome is, of course, another order of magnitude. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00017-00006975-00007589 We’re also working closely, using our GeneInsight software that we’ve developed over the last +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00018-00007589-00008119 eight years, to support clinical reporting of sequenced data, and expanding that to support +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00019-00008119-00008379 genomic interpretation. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00020-00008379-00008892 We have a -- I'm working with a U01-funded grant that Robert Green is the PI of called +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00021-00008892-00009435 MedSeq, where we will sequence 100 whole genomes through that effort, half with cardiomyopathy, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00022-00009435-00009918 half with healthy patients, and are really, you know, working on the development of the +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00023-00009918-00010460 general genome report in terms of general information from every patient, as well as +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00024-00010460-00011000 disease-specific reports looking at primary indication and using orthogonal confirmation +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00025-00011000-00011452 of those results in the CLIA setting, and also working closely in terms of integration +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00026-00011452-00011621 of this infrastructure into our EHR. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00027-00011621-00011959 And I’ll talk about a number of these pieces. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00028-00011959-00012374 And I really want to broaden this, not just to the things that we’re doing but issues +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00029-00012374-00012717 that are common across many groups that are working in the space. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00030-00012717-00013201 And I sort of put my punch list of some of the key challenges in the clinical implementation +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00031-00013201-00013490 of whole exome and genome sequencing on this list. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00032-00013490-00013862 I think we’re all aware that sequencing technologies are changing very rapidly, and +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00033-00013862-00014181 so picking a time point to implement a certain technology is challenging. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00034-00014181-00014593 And that was one of the reasons we chose to initially outsource that component, work on +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00035-00014593-00015084 the interpretive piece, which is really the most challenging part, and then bring the +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00036-00015084-00015501 technology in later at whatever point it had evolved to. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00037-00015501-00015904 The computation requirements are obviously unprecedented in terms of the large data sets +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00038-00015904-00016056 we’re working with. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00039-00016056-00016614 In the clinical implementation of this, it’s not yet ready to just use the data as is. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00040-00016614-00017086 There is still a need to confirm the results, and unfortunately, they all can’t be confirmed +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00041-00017086-00017565 by one method, depending on whether you’re talking about point mutations, copy number +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00042-00017565-00017901 variants, et cetera, or low-level variants and somatic variation. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00043-00017901-00018301 And so different approaches to how we think about the confirmation process, hoping that +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00044-00018301-00018648 at some point we won’t have to do this, but it’s still there now. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00045-00018648-00019192 And also as we implement these technologies in the clinical setting, we need to both address +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00046-00019192-00019780 the fact that there are existing very high-quality tests that are targeted, yet we also want +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00047-00019780-00020205 to take advantage of the rest of the genome, and so how do we balance that in terms of +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00048-00020205-00020640 the fact that the genomic approaches don’t have the level of quality that our targeted +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00049-00020640-00020754 tests do. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00050-00020754-00021093 And we still -- we want both components of that, and I’ll talk a little bit more about +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00051-00021093-00021198 that. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00052-00021198-00021532 In the CESAR meeting that some of us were in, we spent a lot of time thinking about +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00053-00021532-00021834 secondary findings, which are appropriate to return and which are not, and that’s +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00054-00021834-00022162 a big area under discussion. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00055-00022162-00022576 Updating results over time and, you know, patients, ideally, may only get their genome +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00056-00022576-00022768 sequenced once, but the knowledge changes. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00057-00022768-00022868 How do we address that? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00058-00022868-00023177 And I’ll talk a little bit, some of the strategies we worked on. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00059-00023177-00023765 And probably for me the biggest challenge is that human variation is enormous and rare, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00060-00023765-00024163 and understanding the phenotypes associated with it will be challenging and will require +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00061-00024163-00024365 great structure and data sharing, I think. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00062-00024365-00024748 And I’ll talk at length about some of the strategies we’re thinking about. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00063-00024748-00025331 I do want to point out that the ACMG came out with a policy statement surrounding the +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00064-00025331-00025660 use of genomic sequencing that’s on the websites. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00065-00025660-00026013 And I’m not going to go into all of the detail here, but I will say that the board +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00066-00026013-00026708 has been fairly forward-thinking about embracing this in the clinical arena, not only for diagnostic +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00067-00026708-00027267 environments but also even in screening, recognizing the use in pre-conception screening, and even +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00068-00027267-00027667 in healthy individuals if there’s a high threshold for what you return back to the +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00069-00027667-00028160 patient, though not, obviously, supporting it yet in a prenatal or first tier newborn +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00070-00028160-00028329 screening environment. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00071-00028329-00028782 A number of recommendations in that just four-page statement that came out. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00072-00028782-00029229 One thing that will be a theme for me is this last statement here, “labs should share +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00073-00029229-00029669 genomic data into public databases,” and I’ll talk a little bit more about efforts +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00074-00029669-00029769 there. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00075-00029769-00030307 There are two work groups that are diving deeper into some of the aspects of these topics. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00076-00030307-00030755 One is a secondary findings workgroup that’s chaired by Robert Green and Les Biesecker, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00077-00030755-00031283 and we’ve been working on trying to define recommendations for what to return to patients. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00078-00031283-00031895 I’m also chairing, along with Pinar Bayrak-Toydemir, a standards and guidelines work group addressing +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00079-00031895-00032319 the laboratory standards for how we implement both targeted and next-gen sequencing, whole +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00080-00032319-00032769 exome sequencing, and whole genome sequencing into a CLIA lab environment. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00081-00032769-00033143 And we have a draft now that we’re still working through the last details before we +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00082-00033143-00033604 start disseminating it to the community for feedback. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00083-00033604-00033893 One of the challenges in the clinical lab is we’d like to develop, and we have to +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00084-00033893-00034337 for CLIA standards, clear SOP so that every test is run the same. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00085-00034337-00034689 In genomic sequencing, you really don’t want to run every test the same. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00086-00034689-00035264 Each family will have a different assumption about inheritance pattern, different approaches, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00087-00035264-00035608 different family members available, and different strategies, and that it makes it challenging +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00088-00035608-00036131 to implement this in a clinical lab where you really want to have very defined workloads. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00089-00036131-00036584 And as I mentioned earlier, the technology still isn’t perfect, so how do we get the +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00090-00036584-00036952 technology to a level that is appropriate for clinical efforts? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00091-00036952-00037451 In terms of genome sequencing, well, we can maybe supplement that with an exome to add +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00092-00037451-00038090 better depth in the exonic regions that are most looked at from an interpretation standpoint. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00093-00038090-00038519 And some of us are thinking about supplementing whole exome with the clinical exome -- those +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00094-00038519-00038900 genes already known to be associated with disease -- to have higher quality data for +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00095-00038900-00039355 those critical regions, even using multiple technologies because each has different error +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00096-00039355-00039969 platforms, specific errors, and all strategies to think about how to best effectively incorporate +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00097-00039969-00040552 this into a clinical environment so that the technical quality’s appropriate. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00098-00040552-00041055 In our lab, we do a lot of targeted next-gen sequencing, and for every test we run, we +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00099-00041055-00041559 fill in every last base with Sanger if anything’s missed, so that at the end, whatever the gene +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00100-00041559-00041968 content of that test is, we have been able to cover it at 100 percent. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00101-00041968-00042458 Of course, that adds significant labor and cost to that process as we iteratively fill +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00102-00042458-00042945 in with Sanger as well as confirm all of the variants by Sanger sequencing. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00103-00042945-00043484 And although this is not a reasonable approach to fill in every last space for a whole exome +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00104-00043484-00044015 or genome, many of us that are using this, even in disease-targeted context, still realize +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00105-00044015-00044332 there’s critical content that has to be there for every patient. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00106-00044332-00044825 So these types of strategies for targeted are also being, you know, implemented, even +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00107-00044825-00045163 in the whole exome and genome approaches that groups are taking. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00108-00045163-00045795 And, of course, adding custom design for confirmatory testing is yet another added challenge to +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00109-00045795-00046264 this work flow that is difficult in the clinical lab, but something we’re working on for +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00110-00046264-00046593 our whole genome approaches. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00111-00046593-00047086 The other challenge that we struggle with and have for many years is assessing the evidence +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00112-00047086-00047436 of variants when there’s often very little evidence there. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00113-00047436-00047835 We time our fellows, who are the first tier of assessing variants, how long it takes per +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00114-00047835-00048098 variant that we report out in a clinical context. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00115-00048098-00048469 If there’s no data out there at all, it takes, on average, 20 minutes to search every +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00116-00048469-00049021 database and look at in silico data, and up to an average of two hours per variant when +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00117-00049021-00049206 there are publications. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00118-00049206-00049621 This is obviously dealing with rare variation, not the level of complexity if you were to +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00119-00049621-00050026 evaluate a GUS-type variant that has lots of literature on it. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00120-00050026-00050544 And we do about 300 of these a month in our clinical lab, in terms of reporting out the +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00121-00050544-00050989 clinical significance of rare variation that may be clinically relevant, and then that +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00122-00050989-00051399 data’s reviewed by counselors as they draft reports, the geneticists who sign it out, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00123-00051399-00051578 for our somatic cancer; also, pathologists. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00124-00051578-00052020 There’s a lot of labor that goes into this process in evaluating the evidence for a variant +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00125-00052020-00052325 before it goes on a clinical report. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00126-00052325-00052661 And the challenge here, and, you know, I’ve been collecting some data on certain tests +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00127-00052661-00053116 that we run, so this is for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, one of our gene panels. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00128-00053116-00053676 We’ve tested 3,000 cases to date, found over 500 clinically significant mutations. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00129-00053676-00054238 Two-thirds of them have been unique to a family, so in many cases we get one shot at this. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00130-00054238-00054617 You can’t just wait around for the literature to come out on your variant, because often +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00131-00054617-00054767 it’s not going to be there ever. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00132-00054767-00055114 So this is a huge challenge in the clinical laboratory environment. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00133-00055114-00055554 You know, people say, you know, don’t put it in a clinical lab until it’s well-established. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00134-00055554-00056123 Well, sequencing breaks all of those rules, because we find novel variation every day. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00135-00056123-00056281 In hearing loss, it’s even worse. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00136-00056281-00056698 Eighty percent of the variants are unique to a family with the data we have to date. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00137-00056698-00056945 So this presents a challenge. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00138-00056945-00057516 My variant data problem, you know, we do have public data on variants largely in databases +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00139-00057516-00058162 like dbSNP, the ESP cohort that’s now available, and that’s very useful for general population +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00140-00058162-00058620 frequency data, but it’s largely unannotated with respect to clinical relevance. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00141-00058620-00059092 The data that is annotated with respect to pathogenicity is usually comes from initial +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00142-00059092-00059444 research studies, these LOCUS-specific databases that are out there. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00143-00059444-00059655 Unfortunately, a lot of that data is in error. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00144-00059655-00059916 Large enough controls were not tested. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00145-00059916-00060420 There’s publications coming out that, you know, upwards of over a quarter of that data +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00146-00060420-00060719 is just wrong in terms of its assumptions. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00147-00060719-00061187 So we really need to get larger data sets to make effective understanding of variation. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00148-00061187-00061599 And a lot of that data, actually, today, the best data that we do have access to, or I +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00149-00061599-00062067 should say, that is in existence, is in clinical labs and is not well-published or available +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00150-00062067-00062286 to all us in the public domain. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00151-00062286-00062713 So we have been working to try and come up with ways to solve this. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00152-00062713-00063073 It’s a little awkward to talk about this because it’s a grant under review, but I +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00153-00063073-00063686 think the principles are still common to all of us, and so I want to talk about them as +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00154-00063686-00064148 things we should all think about, whether it’s our grant or other approaches, or ideally +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00155-00064148-00064248 both. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00156-00064248-00064788 So, you know, we need to come up with standards in the community in terms of even how we -- the +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00157-00064788-00065348 terms we use to assess variation, the rules to evaluate evidence for those variants, and +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00158-00065348-00065513 how we think about them. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00159-00065513-00065706 And bring data together, you know. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00160-00065706-00066110 And when this project started there was a group that thought there should be a separate +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00161-00066110-00066513 clinical-grade variant database, separate from the other databases we have. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00162-00066513-00066994 The challenge is most of the variants are on some continuum of knowledge and constantly +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00163-00066994-00067370 evolving, and it’s very difficult to say a variant should be -- is ready for the clinical-grade +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00164-00067370-00067657 database versus it’s still in the research environment. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00165-00067657-00068037 I think everything, at some level, is still in the research environment as we learn more +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00166-00068037-00068137 about it. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00167-00068137-00068438 So my hope is that all of this data will be in the same place. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00168-00068438-00068941 We, in clinical labs, use research databases all the time and vice versa, so the goal is +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00169-00068941-00069539 to put it all together, get data out of clinical labs into the public domain, out of LOCUS-specific +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00170-00069539-00070006 efforts, as well as the uncurated population data that’s coming from large studies. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00171-00070006-00070485 Put it in the same place, and then enable expert groups to, through evidence-based and +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00172-00070485-00071024 consensus models, arrive at what our best guess is for those variants. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00173-00071024-00071376 And then that, you know, has a better opportunity to be used in the clinical environment than +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00174-00071376-00071619 what we have access today. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00175-00071619-00072045 And the project that we had proposed, we’re working closely with NCBI, to put this data +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00176-00072045-00072516 in the ClinVar database so that we can ensure that it’s in the public domain, working +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00177-00072516-00072948 with other efforts that are already working in this space but trying to expand it and +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00178-00072948-00073307 consolidate it into one place. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00179-00073307-00073769 We are working closely with the ISCA Consortium that David Ledbetter initiated several years +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00180-00073769-00074263 ago to try and get copy number variation data out of clinical labs into the public domain, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00181-00074263-00074823 and they’ve been very successful with over 30,000 cases to date in dbVar, accessible +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00182-00074823-00075082 to anyone who wants that information. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00183-00075082-00075605 And that -- we’ve learned a lot from their efforts, and we’re now joining forces in +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00184-00075605-00076049 a combined grant to try and expand this to include molecular data. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00185-00076049-00076456 And I, you know, I was concerned about the willingness of clinical labs and even commercial +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00186-00076456-00076739 labs to want to put this data in the public domain. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00187-00076739-00077143 It’s often considered their proprietary data. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00188-00077143-00077533 But I’ve been pleasantly surprised that many, many labs have agreed to participate +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00189-00077533-00077633 in this project. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00190-00077633-00078099 There’s only three that have so far declined -- Myriad, Prevention Genetics, and Medical +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00191-00078099-00078627 Neurogenetics -- but many of these labs, and you’ll see commercial labs here as well, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00192-00078627-00078938 have agreed to participate in this effort and are willing to put this data in. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00193-00078938-00079338 The challenge is it does require resources to get that data out of their systems, to +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00194-00079338-00079718 have it all structured in the same way, and be able to put it in the public domain. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00195-00079718-00080230 And so that’s something that we, as a community, need to figure out how to support, when labs +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00196-00080230-00080519 are willing to share this data. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00197-00080519-00080982 Another challenge that I alluded to earlier is how do we update this data over time? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00198-00080982-00081463 The clinical labs face this as an enormous challenge today with sequencing in the clinical +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00199-00081463-00082054 context, and there’s no -- there's no billing mechanism to be able to reinterpret reports. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00200-00082054-00082537 It’s just done, for the few labs that actually do it, it’s done free of charge, in essence, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00201-00082537-00082754 and that’s not a sustainable model. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00202-00082754-00083145 We need to figure out how to do this more efficiently, and the guidelines from the American +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00203-00083145-00083542 College of Genetics are that we should be doing this, but most labs are not. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00204-00083542-00083737 So how do we update data over time? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00205-00083737-00084236 And I’ve been looking at our data over the course of a number of years of reporting on +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00206-00084236-00084669 many different diseases, in this case hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and how we have changed the +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00207-00084669-00084937 categories as we’ve learned new things over time. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00208-00084937-00085482 And over a five-year period we had changed categories 300 times with different variants +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00209-00085482-00086008 and different knowledge that was acquired in both directions, going from benign to pathogenic +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00210-00086008-00086183 and vice versa. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00211-00086183-00086838 And we just published some of this data about this sort of arena this past month, and about +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00212-00086838-00087420 4 percent of a physician’s reports per year need to be updated, so it’s a pretty significant +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00213-00087420-00087564 challenge for us. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00214-00087564-00088135 We ended up developing a clinic interface to our laboratory software, where the physician +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00215-00088135-00088717 can go in, get access to their patient reports in electronic form, and the variants are structured +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00216-00088717-00088870 and connected to our variant database. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00217-00088870-00089337 So if we update, if I go in and update a variant, maybe in the context of signing out a new +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00218-00089337-00089882 report, then that automatically will update the variant in the physician’s system. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00219-00089882-00090323 And today they actually get an email alert, without PHI, but a link that lands them on +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00220-00090323-00090711 this page and tells them what the variant information that changed, and so they can +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00221-00090711-00091122 see that information, they can click on the variant, and read the evidence that was the +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00222-00091122-00091275 basis for that change. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00223-00091275-00091664 And so this, you know, I could just approve a variant and 1,000 reports could get updated +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00224-00091664-00092189 in seconds, and that makes it much more efficient, to be able to do that and support patient +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00225-00092189-00092338 -- improve patient care. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00226-00092338-00092824 And this activity has been the subject of an NIH challenge grant that David Bates is +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00227-00092824-00093416 the PI of, to look at the usability of the system by physicians, particularly physicians +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00228-00093416-00093823 who have never had any training in it, and how easily can they just go in and figure +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00229-00093823-00094248 it out, and get the updates, and know what’s happened, and grading them on certain tasks, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00230-00094248-00094348 et cetera. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00231-00094348-00094798 And overall -- and I was a little concerned about the system, and that in giving all this +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00232-00094798-00095125 very efficient updating, that the physicians would come back and say, great, now can you +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00233-00095125-00095469 go amend that report for me and sign it out again? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00234-00095469-00095644 And they haven’t largely done that. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00235-00095644-00096005 They’ve been satisfied with the system delivery and the updated information. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00236-00096005-00096419 They can print it out and put it in a patient chart if they want to, and we haven’t really +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00237-00096419-00096539 had to amend reports. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00238-00096539-00097164 So that’s been a great system for us to support this process and improve patient care. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00239-00097164-00097612 Now as we think about expanding these types of systems into genomic medicine, where we’re +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00240-00097612-00097993 dealing with the whole genome, obviously, we can’t ping the physician every time one +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00241-00097993-00098202 of those three million variants changes. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00242-00098202-00098302 It’s knowledge. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00243-00098302-00098727 So there’s got to be more infrastructure to support who gets what alerts, or do you +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00244-00098727-00099304 deliver alerts at all, or do you allow just real-time engagement of that data in clinical +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00245-00099304-00099445 decision support paradigms. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00246-00099445-00099863 And so these are all things that we’re thinking and enabling within the Partners Healthcare +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00247-00099863-00100279 EMR environment in discussing how to do this best, with what strategies. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00248-00100279-00100706 We’ve also been talking to the -- so we disabled the alerting mechanism in the oncology +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00249-00100706-00101316 domain because somatic tumors, those tumors that are genetics-evolved, and updating years +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00250-00101316-00101498 later is not useful. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00251-00101498-00101955 But they have asked us about using the same environment to deliver clinical trial notification, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00252-00101955-00102285 which is, of course, very common within the oncology domain. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00253-00102285-00102827 So we’ve been thinking about expanding this infrastructure to support those types of activities. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00254-00102827-00103263 You know, when we originally developed this infrastructure, we built a network hub to +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00255-00103263-00103747 enable many labs to communicate to many health care organizations so everybody didn’t have +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00256-00103747-00104190 to build interfaces to every lab, because that’s expensive architecture, to allow +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00257-00104190-00104743 knowledge sources and labs to share data amongst themselves but still maintain their own interpretations +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00258-00104743-00104843 of data. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00259-00104843-00105266 We’ve talked with Illumina about bringing their CLIA whole genome lab onto this network, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00260-00105266-00105796 being able to robustly share data, and we are rolling out the infrastructure to support +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00261-00105796-00106346 this this month, where labs who agree to share their data can show the variant interpretations +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00262-00106346-00106588 that they have on a variant-specific level. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00263-00106588-00107001 You can click on lab X’s variant, see what they say about that variant, how many cases +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00264-00107001-00107420 they’ve had, what the literature is that supports that, and labs can be able to sort +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00265-00107420-00107933 of import other labs’ interpretations into their system, enabling a much richer sharing +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00266-00107933-00108033 of data. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00267-00108033-00108582 We also have enabled case history sharing, so if I have all of my cases I’ve ever seen +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00268-00108582-00108988 in my system, I can allow that data to be shared with another lab, and we strip all +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00269-00108988-00109465 the PHI off of that, so that if I go into my system I can see my cases with all PHI +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00270-00109465-00110089 in there, but then I can see de-identified cases with some clinical information and which +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00271-00110089-00110489 variants were found in each case, and be able to see that across all the data sets sort +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00272-00110489-00110703 of being shared in that environment. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00273-00110703-00111033 And so we hope that that will enable a richer understanding of this, particularly as we +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00274-00111033-00111499 try to address the challenges of rare variation interpretation. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00275-00111499-00112099 This gene insight system is now being integrated into our EHR environment so that it will become +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00276-00112099-00112586 -- right now it’s been a stand-alone, web-based interface, and that allows us to easily roll +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00277-00112586-00113028 it out to any physician around the world who doesn’t even have an EMR. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00278-00113028-00113486 But we feel like it’s more powerful if we can truly integrate it into the EHR environment +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00279-00113486-00113998 so it’s the same face that any physician logging into their patient electronic health +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00280-00113998-00114114 record will see. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00281-00114114-00114361 So that, by the end of this month, will be integrated into the Partners’ EHR. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00282-00114361-00114829 It will be Partners’ Clinical Genetic Data Repository, is sort of what it’s being called. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00283-00114829-00115275 The same infrastructure and structure data is being pushed into the research patient +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00284-00115275-00115773 data registry so that our RPDR that we use today for a lot of clinical research will +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00285-00115773-00116173 have structured genetic data within it, and that’s obviously supporting many millions +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00286-00116173-00116452 of patients within the Partners’ health care environment. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00287-00116452-00116908 There’s another effort that Scott is leading in terms of the biorepository, consenting +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00288-00116908-00117339 thousands of patients that walk in the door of Partners Health Care, to share, to sign +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00289-00117339-00117897 up for the biorepository and consenting to broad use of that, of that data and their +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00290-00117897-00118075 sample. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00291-00118075-00118732 And we would like to engage other groups in thinking about this data sharing environment, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00292-00118732-00119159 for one of the, perhaps, one of the demonstration pilot projects to be able to use this infrastructure. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00293-00119159-00119615 If labs or groups are interested in getting onto a network and sharing data, we’d be +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00294-00119615-00120092 happy to talk with others who might be interested in that and coming together for one of those +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00295-00120092-00120201 projects. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00296-00120201-00120301 And that’s all. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00297-00120301-00120697 I thank some of the groups that have worked on some of the projects I spoke to, and I’d +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00298-00120697-00120963 be happy to entertain any questions. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00299-00120963-00121072 Marc? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00300-00121072-00121629 Marc Williams: I think it’s really excellent, the work +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00301-00121629-00121849 that’s been done to try and aggregate information. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00302-00121849-00122267 I’d had one comment, and I want to pose a question to some of our payer representatives +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00303-00122267-00122367 here. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00304-00122367-00122914 So the comment is that is one of the benefits that has been touted for whole genome is the +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00305-00122914-00123467 fact that you only need to it once, and that, you know, then this information can be repurposed. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00306-00123467-00123851 I think you very eloquently stated that there is, in fact, work involved with that that +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00307-00123851-00124439 could lead to cost and reimbursement issues down the road, and so perhaps we shouldn’t +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00308-00124439-00124990 be quite so forthcoming about the idea of saying this is a one-time cost and then, you +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00309-00124990-00125194 know, it’s basically free to use the information. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00310-00125194-00125734 I think that’s going to generate some very interesting models about how do we actually +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00311-00125734-00126090 reimburse for the updating, and maintenance, and that. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00312-00126090-00126520 But probably beyond the scope of a five-minute discussion. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00313-00126520-00126932 The specific question that I would like to pose to our payer representatives is this +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00314-00126932-00127260 issue of the labs that won’t play. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00315-00127260-00127728 And I’m glad to hear that there's a very small number, but clearly for this to work, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00316-00127728-00128155 I mean, I think we have to have all people, you know, being willing to put their data +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00317-00128155-00128373 in so that we can all benefit from that. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00318-00128373-00128883 Is there a mechanism in the reimbursement side where if we set aside those that are +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00319-00128883-00129548 sole source providers, like PRC, where there’s patent issues, but in situations where laboratories +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00320-00129548-00129766 say, "Well, that’s our information, it’s proprietary, we’re going to use that to +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00321-00129766-00130190 be competitive," the payer could say, "Guess what? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00322-00130190-00130577 We’ll use somebody else that’s going to contribute data because in the long run that’s +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00323-00130577-00130710 best for our patients." +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00324-00130710-00131069 Because it’s only that economic pressure that will ultimately, I think, get them to +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00325-00131069-00131169 pay. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00326-00131169-00131360 Is that a mechanism that would be possible to explore? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00327-00131360-00131742 Female Speaker: Well, that’s a complicated question. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00328-00131742-00132262 You know, a business relationship with a lab, especially a national lab, is based on lots +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00329-00132262-00132746 of factors, mostly economic, so I think you’re not going to impale yourself on a stake over +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00330-00132746-00132917 that issue. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00331-00132917-00133259 Although the big national labs, I notice, are on the list there, so it’s the smaller +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00332-00133259-00133690 players that, you know, I think, that you’re talking about. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00333-00133690-00134102 And usually the relationships with the labs are over, sort of, quality and economics, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00334-00134102-00134265 not this level of data sharing. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00335-00134265-00134821 So I think probably you’d have to spend some time thinking about that. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00336-00134821-00135612 Now we do actually receive lab data from our labs, again, in the molecular pathology codes +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00337-00135612-00135742 are all these stack codes. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00338-00135742-00136262 Again, when we get more specificity over those things, we will be getting, you know, specific +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00339-00136262-00136850 data, and I’d be curious about what the LabCorps representative has to say about that. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00340-00136850-00137123 So it can be the payer that’s sharing the data, as a pass-through. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00341-00137123-00137464 Female Speaker: I’ll be talking about reimbursement in my +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00342-00137464-00137960 talk, and some of the new changes to reimbursement and what impacts they might have. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00343-00137960-00138548 Marc Williams: One other thought on this, and particularly +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00344-00138548-00138988 for the Medicare program, there’s tools other than, you know, directly reimbursement, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00345-00138988-00139494 that, you know, might be explored as ways to encourage data sharing. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00346-00139494-00139988 So, for example, there’s all the conditions of participation that make providers, you +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00347-00139988-00140594 know, eligible for reimbursement and, you know, there’s all sorts of sort of regulatory +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00348-00140594-00141091 policies throughout Medicare in addition to, you know, the sort of individual reimbursement +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00349-00141091-00141692 for tests that, you know, might be explored as ways of, you know, encouraging that kind +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00350-00141692-00141823 of behavior. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00351-00141823-00142252 But that’s just Medicare, not necessarily private payers, but something to look into, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00352-00142252-00142853 and wasn’t my area of expertise at Medicare, so other folks would have to be, you know, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00353-00142853-00142953 asked about it. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00354-00142953-00143175 Male Speaker: I’m curious -- +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00355-00143175-00143466 Female Speaker: Certainly one could imagine the request that’s +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00356-00143466-00143914 made during a contract negotiation that this would be a, sort of, a standard that one was +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00357-00143914-00144097 expected to follow. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00358-00144097-00144600 Male Speaker: I’m curious about John Harley’s Cincinnati +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00359-00144600-00145084 Children’s, about you have 300 cases in which you’ve already done exome sequencing, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00360-00145084-00145440 and that’s all done outside the institution. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00361-00145440-00145884 What level of data preservation are you using? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00362-00145884-00146365 Are you saving the original data, the terabytes, the five terabytes that you get back from +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00363-00146365-00146955 each subject, creating something that’s a petabyte and a half that you have to store? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00364-00146955-00147554 Or are you storing just the final sequence and ignoring the possibility that someone +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00365-00147554-00147898 would want to refilter that data from the beginning? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00366-00147898-00148622 And then how long can -- do you plan to keep that available for requerying and that sort +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00367-00148622-00148722 of thing? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00368-00148722-00148987 Heidi Rehm: So just to clarify, I think the 300 up there +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00369-00148987-00149436 was the number of novel variant assessments per month, but we haven’t done that many +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00370-00149436-00149574 exome sequences. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00371-00149574-00149979 But to address your question, which is a very good one, in terms of data storage. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00372-00149979-00150510 So, we’ve addressed this in the laboratory standards that we’re developing for ACMG +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00373-00150510-00150965 right now, in terms of data storage for next-gen sequencing, and the guideline that we put +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00374-00150965-00151572 out is labs certainly don’t need to keep the raw image files, and that we recommend +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00375-00151572-00152228 that labs keep the read-aligned files, or the BAM files, or the FASTQ files for a period +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00376-00152228-00152803 of time, suggesting between one and two years, and then they keep the VCF file, the variant +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00377-00152803-00153040 call files, indefinitely. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00378-00153040-00153482 At this moment, as a suggested guideline, although a lot of state guidelines and CLIA +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00379-00153482-00153717 guidelines may trump certain things. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00380-00153717-00153925 So those are some basic guidance. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00381-00153925-00154589 I don’t, you know, we do recognize the ability to realign data with better algorithms, and +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00382-00154589-00155042 so not -- so wanting to keep the raw reads in a context and not just the aligned reads +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00383-00155042-00155448 but the non-aligned reads as well so that they could be realigned. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00384-00155448-00155814 But to keep them indefinitely, I think the technologies for sequencing are changing such +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00385-00155814-00156323 that the raw technology is going to be improved such that two years later you’d probably +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00386-00156323-00156855 still want to resequence, and the cost to store data is large enough that you have to +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00387-00156855-00157142 balance the cost to store with the cost to redo it. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00388-00157142-00157489 So there’s a lot of things in flux here, and I don’t think we can easily say this +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00389-00157489-00157987 is exactly how you should do it, but we’re making some guidance so that labs that want +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00390-00157987-00158214 guidance can have that. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00391-00158214-00158360 But I still think it’s a moving target. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00392-00158360-00158741 Male Speaker: Mary Relling, last question, and short answer. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00393-00158741-00159326 I guess, okay, and Kelly, really short question and answer, and we’re going to have -- so +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00394-00159326-00159758 I will claim credit or blame for the fact that there’re 20-minute talks and five-minute +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00395-00159758-00159873 discussion periods. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00396-00159873-00160175 We’re over, we’re eating into our break time. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00397-00160175-00160491 That’s fine, because this is a really important part of the discussion. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00398-00160491-00160666 So quick questions, quick answers. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00399-00160666-00161010 Mary Relling: Can you help distinguish for me, because I +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00400-00161010-00161471 totally understand sharing these variant data is super important, and we need to come up +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00401-00161471-00161733 with a national or international resource. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00402-00161733-00162302 What’s the distinction between sharing to GeneInsight versus sharing what you described +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00403-00162302-00162433 in your U41/ClinVar? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00404-00162433-00162639 Heidi Rehm: Yup. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00405-00162639-00163338 So, you know, it’s our hope that, like, for instance, myself, I use GeneInsight, but +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00406-00163338-00163762 I’m going to be sharing all of that data into ClinVar that’s from my lab. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00407-00163762-00164287 But there’s different data structures and capabilities that surround those data sets. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00408-00164287-00164936 So, for instance, to be able to submit full genome data sets into NCBI they have to go +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00409-00164936-00165316 into dbGaP, and there’s a lot of constraints around an access to that data. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00410-00165316-00165862 In GeneInsight, which is a HIPAA-secure environment, because it’s within our Partners’ HIS +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00411-00165862-00166411 system, we can allow patient information to be there and be shared a little more easily, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00412-00166411-00166598 so that’s one distinction. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00413-00166598-00167039 Even though the variant level information I do hope that any lab sharing it within the +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00414-00167039-00167437 GeneInsight network that we’re trying to set up would also then, they would be willing +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00415-00167437-00167558 to submit that into ClinVar. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00416-00167558-00167959 So, you know, I think it’s, at the end of the day, it’s multiple strategies hoping +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00417-00167959-00168367 that we can succeed somewhere or in all of them. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00418-00168367-00168904 But my real goal is to try and get everything as much as possible into the public domain, +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00419-00168904-00169388 but the degree to which the full data structure that some of the more sophisticated IT systems +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00420-00169388-00169930 can support, whether that’s ready and there already, it’s probably not there yet in +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00421-00169930-00170392 ClinVar, but hopefully, over time, we can continue to enhance these systems to really +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00422-00170392-00170769 take the full breadth of data that’s associated with cases and clinical data as well. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00423-00170769-00170891 Male Speaker: Okay, so Kelly, Erwin, and then we’re going +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00424-00170891-00171107 to go on. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00425-00171107-00171682 Female Speaker: So, you have stated that -- +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00426-00171682-00171782 Female Speaker: Kelly, use your microphone, please. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00427-00171782-00171882 Male Speaker: Microphone, please. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00428-00171882-00171982 Heidi Rehm: Push that button, yeah. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00429-00171982-00172082 Female Speaker: You state that about 66 percent of your variants +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00430-00172082-00172182 had never been seen before. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00431-00172182-00172685 If you suspect that these are involved in the patient’s condition, how do you return +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00432-00172685-00173046 those information for inclusion in patient health care, or do you? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00433-00173046-00173388 Heidi Rehm: So, we do return any variant found during +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00434-00173388-00173912 targeted testing, whether it’s a variant of unknown significance and marked as such +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00435-00173912-00174012 on the report. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00436-00174012-00174524 And the reason for that is we often try to encourage family member testing, because segregation +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00437-00174524-00174936 for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a dominant disease, the best way to actually understand +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00438-00174936-00175336 if we can get a live score that’s, you know, significant, that can guide us to calling +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00439-00175336-00175453 it pathogenic. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00440-00175453-00175860 So we’ll report those out, and we’ll often do free testing of family members to support +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00441-00175860-00176042 that segregation aspect. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00442-00176042-00176434 So we basically report what we know about a variant, and then over time we may learn +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00443-00176434-00176628 from and increase that knowledge. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00444-00176628-00177017 Male Speaker: So, I applaud you on the integration with +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00445-00177017-00177250 the EMR, and that raises some questions. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00446-00177250-00177795 One of them: Who actually makes the decision which variant gets into the EMR? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00447-00177795-00178557 And then, second, but equally important, the EMR, for any given patient, can be viewed +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00448-00178557-00179262 by many people, you know, from students to nurses to dieticians to -- so, is there any +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00449-00179262-00179902 way that you limit control, regulate access to who is going to actually see the genetic +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00450-00179902-00180060 information within the EMR? +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00451-00180060-00180341 Heidi Rehm: Yeah, so, to answer your first question, anything +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00452-00180341-00180832 that we write on a clinical report would go into the EMR just like any other clinical +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00453-00180832-00181035 report from any other system. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00454-00181035-00181483 As far as access to that data once it’s in there, so we are actually constrained somewhat +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00455-00181483-00181987 by Massachusetts state law that says that only the ordering physician can see data from +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00456-00181987-00182412 a genetic test, if not done -- if done for screening purposes. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00457-00182412-00182805 But we’ve got around that by consenting the patients to allow the entire health care +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00458-00182805-00183321 institution to see that data, and there’s a balance there between restricting access +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00459-00183321-00183896 for very specific situations versus what we believe is the need to have broader access +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00460-00183896-00184145 to really engage this information in the care of a patient. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00461-00184145-00184564 So we are leaning towards, much more towards the side of everyone should have access to +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00462-00184564-00185025 this data, but there’s a long conversation there that gets into some more subtle things +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00463-00185025-00185227 that we don’t have quite enough time for. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00464-00185227-00185373 Get in trouble [laughs]. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00465-00185373-00185848 Male Speaker: I have 25 more questions, but I’m going +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00466-00185848-00186166 to take chair’s prerogative and tell myself to go away. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00467-00186166-00186673 But, so that was a really great introduction to the kinds of things that we want to talk +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00468-00186673-00187141 about over the next day and a half, so thank you, and the next speaker, Debra, is behind +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00469-00187141-00187241 me. +0Jm6gtiZ8QM-00470-00187241-00187242 [end of transcript] +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00000-00001580-00002075 Dolly is the first year media project of Blake Wood, and what we also believe is his first +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00001-00002075-00002543 attempt at coding. The game itself is a free to play platformer that takes about 10 minutes +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00002-00002543-00003090 to complete. It's brief, but the gently told story, art and environment take you on an +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00003-00003090-00003300 emotional and memorable journey. +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00004-00003401-00003819 The game begins on a pink screen and a heart rate monitor beats steadily in the background. +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00005-00003819-00004264 You're told that it's painful, but you need to give an answer, that it's the right thing +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00006-00004264-00004800 to do, for her sake and yours. It's little detail, but it speaks loudly. +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00007-00005414-00005919 The screen fades into this beautiful minimalist setup. You're this tiny black creature perched +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00008-00005919-00006475 on a giant head. A red sun hides behind the forest in the background. There's no instruction, +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00009-00006475-00006973 no guide to tell you what to do. You just wander off on your lonesome. The red sun watches +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00010-00006973-00007500 your first steps from afar. Perhaps you'll find something, maybe courage, maybe closure. +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00011-00007670-00008108 The platforming is simple with echoes of Super Meat Boy that are especially apparent in the +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00012-00008108-00008695 wall jumps. Along with the platforms you cross, there are little puzzles to solve. These challenges +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00013-00008695-00009270 may invoke a few retries, but never stutter your momentum. The environment takes a shape +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00014-00009270-00009714 akin to the start of a throat and then transitions into a long vertical stretch like an oesophagus. +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00015-00009714-00010200 You're going down into the body and to its depths. And surely there you will find an +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00016-00010200-00010300 answer. +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00017-00010847-00011281 Eventually you stumble upon a place up high with giant structures that further humble +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00018-00011281-00011870 your size. Climbing up the chain, you feel so small. Once you reach the top there are +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00019-00011870-00012400 clouds. Is this heaven? You solve the puzzle and the ground shakes fervently. The screen +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00020-00012400-00012961 turns black. It's silent at first, but then the heartbeat returns. It's as steady as before, +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00021-00012961-00013150 but slower, much slower. +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00022-00013984-00014397 You're returned to the start, and the landscape that once looked like a face now resembles +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00023-00014397-00015115 a skull. There's nothing to do, but continue onward. The red sun has grown larger. Red +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00024-00015115-00015750 is everywhere. It sits on the tips of spikes spelling danger. The transitions between stages +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00025-00015750-00016333 are sudden, like jump cuts or a skip in your heart. Is her heart skipping a beat? Is time +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00026-00016333-00016881 running out? You continue onward until you reach the slope of the mountain, as it steepens +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00027-00016881-00017600 you slow. The red descends and consumes the sky. The screen goes black again and the heartbeat dwindles out. +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00028-00018300-00018734 Hopefully that gives you an idea of the game's experience. We personally found it very powerful. +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00029-00018734-00019220 We also had a chat with the developer, Blake. He told us the game is called Dolly after +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00030-00019220-00019398 the famous sheep clone. The girl with the heart beat was originally meant to be a clone, +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00031-00019398-00019812 but that part was cut out. If you play the game you will spot an animal with some horn +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00032-00019812-00020265 like features that reference it. He was also kind enough to tell us that the game actually +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00033-00020265-00020725 takes place inside the girl's head as she dies. That explains why the visuals get stripped +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00034-00020725-00021099 away and why we get the beautiful minimalist setting. +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00035-00021099-00021498 We'd also like to give a shout out to one of our viewers Mikee Loves Indie Games, who +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00036-00021498-00021906 was the one that got us onto Dolly. He actually makes videos too, and you might want to check +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00037-00021906-00022308 out his play through of Dolly. We'll have a link in the description. +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00038-00022308-00022684 That's the end of Dolly, and the end of us. Thanks for watching my name's Laurence, and +0Kh7HCe9A_M-00039-00022684-00022964 my name's Josh; we'll you next time here on indieformer. +0KVgQhwvzOM-00000-00000060-00000606 thanks for joining us on this journey on establishing a no-tech well I don't know +0KVgQhwvzOM-00001-00000606-00001380 if it's no take you guys will see but it's very low very very very low Tech super low and also +0KVgQhwvzOM-00002-00001380-00001944 Wesley's first tank in his room so super excited about this and to share with you guys let's jump +0KVgQhwvzOM-00003-00001944-00002502 into it and the big inspiration for this build was to have an aquarium that I could set up in +0KVgQhwvzOM-00004-00002502-00002940 the house super low maintenance I don't have to worry about algae getting all crazy in it +0KVgQhwvzOM-00005-00002940-00003432 something I can enjoy my fish and not have to do a lot of work with so I think a lot of people can +0KVgQhwvzOM-00006-00003432-00003906 relate to this where we want to keep aquariums but we don't want to do all the work involved a +0KVgQhwvzOM-00007-00003906-00004434 system and a setup like this one that I'm about to show you can help you out so much that way +0KVgQhwvzOM-00008-00004434-00005040 you can enjoy nature inside without having to mess and stress with everything that can come along to +0KVgQhwvzOM-00009-00005040-00005652 running real powerful lights or higher Tech setup first grabbing some sand dirt cause it's free +0KVgQhwvzOM-00010-00005718-00006246 quick impromptu tank got a 55 gallon here you got some sand in the corner here as you can see +0KVgQhwvzOM-00011-00006384-00006912 grab the scene in the backyard went ahead and slopped it up and then plan on doing rocks here +0KVgQhwvzOM-00012-00006912-00007440 I got a bucket of rocks about to put those in lay them down who can imagine when I put the water in +0KVgQhwvzOM-00013-00007440-00007848 the Sand's going to want to go this way so I'm gonna get a piece of geotextile fabric +0KVgQhwvzOM-00014-00007848-00008466 get tucked into here of course smooth these rugs first and put some rocks on top of it +0KVgQhwvzOM-00015-00008784-00009048 it'll help keep a lot of it in place +0KVgQhwvzOM-00016-00009252-00009936 that should help keep it in place all right here we have it with the rocks in it liking it +0KVgQhwvzOM-00017-00010290-00010470 I'm trying to add some water +0KVgQhwvzOM-00018-00010758-00010896 all right fill her up +0KVgQhwvzOM-00019-00011478-00012072 but might as well top off the rest while I'm at it got some for catapus and that one we've got these +0KVgQhwvzOM-00020-00012072-00012810 Ray Rice fish in that one some red antlers in that one we've got some hatchet fish in this one it's +0KVgQhwvzOM-00021-00012810-00013397 a little synodontist in this one somewhere we got some plants in there I got a [__] bounce +0KVgQhwvzOM-00022-00013397-00013932 say that way you could weep over got some guppy grass in there because the mascara y'all can see +0KVgQhwvzOM-00023-00013932-00014418 is seamless that I'm putting in here loves to eat that stuff I would have filled it all the +0KVgQhwvzOM-00024-00014418-00014886 way up but I'm gonna put the fish in today I didn't have a whole lot of cycled water to put +0KVgQhwvzOM-00025-00014886-00015480 in there so this will help cycle the new water and then I'll just add over time it can cycle +0KVgQhwvzOM-00026-00015480-00016026 and season as time goes by that should be enough to get the barbs started because this is actually +0KVgQhwvzOM-00027-00016026-00016632 just a quarantine for these guys now I will have to Top This sand off or the mascara bars we'll +0KVgQhwvzOM-00028-00016632-00017130 kick it up or everywhere and just and make it super cloudy in here cap it with Eco complete +0KVgQhwvzOM-00029-00017130-00017682 this stuff looks nice keeps it down porous so it holds a lot of beneficial bacteria should have put +0KVgQhwvzOM-00030-00017682-00018204 it on there before but we'll do it after let's stick it in a cup and slowly do it on top of it +0KVgQhwvzOM-00031-00018204-00018684 with that fill up with water first so we're gonna kick everything around by the suction +0KVgQhwvzOM-00032-00018684-00019260 and pressure of it and just get it close to the bottom is the best you can just piled up in one +0KVgQhwvzOM-00033-00019260-00019830 spot and spread it out later it's easier let go before that suction hits because if that suction +0KVgQhwvzOM-00034-00019830-00020478 hits it and throws all that water back down there you're gonna make a mess all right Eco complete go +0KVgQhwvzOM-00035-00020478-00021024 completed in so hard to see with this glare right now this is the way the sun is but it's in there +0KVgQhwvzOM-00036-00021024-00021624 I can finally get to the fish all right it's a thirty dollar fish right there little darknessia +0KVgQhwvzOM-00037-00021624-00022230 seamless figure I get some new blood I'm going little buddy he's at his bath so he's good to go +0KVgQhwvzOM-00038-00022332-00022746 hello hey guys expecting something a little bigger I don't even know how big these would +0KVgQhwvzOM-00039-00022746-00023232 come in it's the bigger tank but this will give a nice face to stretch their legs and grow +0KVgQhwvzOM-00040-00023292-00023874 these guys are super cool check those out a week later to let the tank cycle with the barbs and the +0KVgQhwvzOM-00041-00023874-00024588 Pilates the laser of course from a boy Robert from Ray's Aquatics time to finally add these +0KVgQhwvzOM-00042-00024588-00025122 to the collection two weeks after setup the laser Cory's oh he's wearing a big schoolies +0KVgQhwvzOM-00043-00025416-00025638 we'll put them in Wesley's tank oh +0KVgQhwvzOM-00044-00026268-00026460 swim three little bunnies +0KVgQhwvzOM-00045-00026772-00027174 a couple of them still pretty young beautiful +0KVgQhwvzOM-00046-00027683-00028248 I have lots of space between these rocks as you can see there's some red platies in here +0KVgQhwvzOM-00047-00028248-00028848 as well one of Wesley's favorite colors thought he would enjoy those absolutely loving this tank +0KVgQhwvzOM-00048-00028848-00029562 and how it's coming together now this has no filter no Airline no light and it's actually +0KVgQhwvzOM-00049-00029562-00030186 on a North facing wall believe it or not so it's not getting any direct sunlight either way it's +0KVgQhwvzOM-00050-00030186-00030810 always an ambient shade like this is an elegant build easy to recreate doesn't take a whole lot +0KVgQhwvzOM-00051-00030810-00031416 of material not a whole lot of cost really most the cost is in the tank Rock if you're +0KVgQhwvzOM-00052-00031416-00031938 resourceful you can get that pretty cheap I got mine from a landscaping yard it was only five +0KVgQhwvzOM-00053-00031938-00032556 bucks a bag and pretty decent sized bag and then the Eco complete really that's up to you you could +0KVgQhwvzOM-00054-00032556-00033144 cap off with even a smaller rock if you wanted to you don't have to use Eco complete just that +0KVgQhwvzOM-00055-00033144-00033678 lava rock porous lava rock looks really good with that black contrast the same was from the guard +0KVgQhwvzOM-00056-00033678-00034350 dirt and as far as other costs is just in the plants and the fish themselves and really that's +0KVgQhwvzOM-00057-00034350-00035004 up to you in the tank from Petco on half off for a 55 I think 75 dollars plus tax and as far +0KVgQhwvzOM-00058-00035004-00035550 as the plants once that [__] balance say grows over and especially if it weeps over on top over +0KVgQhwvzOM-00059-00035550-00036006 that rock because they can get really long all the way to the length of that tank it'll look +0KVgQhwvzOM-00060-00036006-00036504 really nice and as far as the guppy grass I'll probably end up taking that out after a while +0KVgQhwvzOM-00061-00036504-00037152 it's just a good food source for the barbs plus it holds a lot of biofilm beneficial bacteria so +0KVgQhwvzOM-00062-00037152-00037656 cycling the tank at the beginning it was really helpful to have that in there but as time goes by +0KVgQhwvzOM-00063-00037656-00038202 I'll probably actually transition it over with some bullbitis I think bulbitis underneath the +0KVgQhwvzOM-00064-00038202-00038664 balance they will look really beautiful and then the bull bites will probably grow too +0KVgQhwvzOM-00065-00038664-00039156 big over time and we'll probably have to switch it out for something different and maybe I don't +0KVgQhwvzOM-00066-00039156-00039672 know we'll test out some ferns but stay tuned I'll keep you guys updated on how this goes and +0KVgQhwvzOM-00067-00039672-00040254 and whether we're going to need to put a light on it and how these planes go as well +0KVgQhwvzOM-00068-00040254-00040698 as eventually some of these fish are going to end up going into the fish barn and hope +0KVgQhwvzOM-00069-00040698-00041238 to see them out there which means this tank will always be evolving with new fish and some of you +0KVgQhwvzOM-00070-00041238-00041748 guys may see my last Friday night where I said I wasn't gonna go to the Tampa Bay auction but +0KVgQhwvzOM-00071-00042204-00042900 300 we have about six red I couldn't help myself plus get up to date from what's been +0KVgQhwvzOM-00072-00042900-00043332 in here because a lot of this is about to get moved been in here for a while as well +0KVgQhwvzOM-00073-00043332-00043974 as in here end of day with Wesley's fish tank here did end up going if you want to see what +0KVgQhwvzOM-00074-00043974-00044556 all's in here hit the Subscribe button and the notifications to see that video plus a bunch of +0KVgQhwvzOM-00075-00044556-00045108 videos we're about to come out with turning this Barn into a fish Haven which I'm super +0KVgQhwvzOM-00076-00045108-00045582 excited to share with you guys it's gonna be awesome so join us and I appreciate you +0KVgQhwvzOM-00077-00045582-00046050 guys watching until next time everybody peace have a great one I'll see you on the next one +0KVgQhwvzOM-00078-00046488-00046560 foreign +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00000-00005878-00006261 Good morning everybody it's the weekend before valentine's day +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00001-00006483-00006689 That, was terrible gets the wrong party +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00002-00006886-00007686 So i made valentine's day cinnamon rolls cuz. Jacob up shiz, extra i'm a cinnamon roll artist can i say +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00003-00007879-00008205 Anyway, we woke up this morning the weather's kind of dreary? +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00004-00008317-00008697 And gabriel's got a, new his nap schedule is like +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00005-00008761-00009477 Three hours right smack in the middle of the day, so we're trying to figure out how. That fits in with our weekend adventures +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00006-00009597-00009983 Either, we have to start getting up and doing them in the morning because +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00007-00010047-00010583 At like lunch he goes down for a nap and then gets up for dinner and then goes to bed +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00008-00010621-00010847 So we're kind of we're trying to figure that out? +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00009-00010906-00011444 Fun fact he's sleeping through the night he is it only took 13 months +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00010-00011521-00011927 My, mom told me this day, would come i didn't believe, her but it's here +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00011-00012181-00012381 You, have all the hats +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00012-00012869-00013069 need, to put one on buddy +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00013-00014141-00014391 hey, put your hat on +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00014-00014855-00015055 put it on your hands +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00015-00015220-00015996 Hey, surprise, some time has passed i'm back to my, natural color sara got her hair did +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00016-00016126-00016755 So i was not aware of just how freaking freezing it was outside so our weekend adventures are? +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00017-00016756-00016956 Gonna, be relatively tame this weekend +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00018-00017015-00017215 More like regular +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00019-00017284-00017547 Weekend's regular, but weekend's morning +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00020-00018471-00018671 I'm angry +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00021-00019497-00019848 How's your lunch how's your lunch +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00022-00020587-00020787 didn't really commit to that +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00023-00022137-00022337 we finished our lunch +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00024-00022467-00022858 Can we toyed with the idea of going out but it's +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00025-00022986-00023267 32 i think there are snow flurries and i don't +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00026-00023337-00023914 Really, want something falling from the sky it seems floaty - not floaty droppy +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00027-00023979-00024382 So i think, when i go back, home, so that was our very brief foray into +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00028-00024459-00024659 Its co the real world +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00029-00025400-00025605 Whole lot of nothing happened the rest of the day +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00030-00025682-00026001 We came, home gabriel played, we watched the olympics? +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00031-00026117-00026508 Fed him his dinner plane fed and now we're still watching this +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00032-00026750-00027382 yay, curling i don't understand this sport it's so, weird it's like, corn, hole but with, rocks and ice +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00033-00027470-00027620 We'll see you all tomorrow +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00034-00027620-00028120 Good, sunday morning everybody, the feels-like temperature is currently +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00035-00028183-00028606 16 degrees so of course i'm going to kill you donuts +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00036-00031014-00031379 But i got home when i did because the sleet has started to come down +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00037-00031497-00031814 Can't can't really see it but you can definitely hear it +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00038-00032338-00032817 When it's sleeting outside you stay indoors and watch the emoji movie +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00039-00033046-00033246 Gabriel is not watching the emoji movie +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00040-00036290-00036642 Did you learn a fun slowly annoying new thing to do +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00041-00037519-00037851 well in classic texas fashion, the +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00042-00037978-00038439 Sleeting lasted for about 30 minutes 45 minutes it stopped +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00043-00038546-00038728 The sun came out +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00044-00038728-00038900 Melted it all the way? +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00045-00038900-00039483 And now it's just in the 20s outside sunshine and slight breeze +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00046-00039590-00039787 Actually kind of a nice day +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00047-00039787-00039928 so +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00048-00039928-00040320 Gabriel is napping sarah's napping, and i'm going to the grocery store +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00049-00041637-00041837 nope +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00050-00042555-00042755 so they were +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00051-00042755-00042947 rearranging that store for +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00052-00042947-00043147 Reasons that were not shared with, me +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00053-00043166-00043684 But uh i mean stuff is everywhere i was in there way, longer than i needed to be? +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00054-00043899-00044410 Out from our nap time to get dressed for a. Birthday party +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00055-00045896-00046678 Can you, say, hi, baby, hi, baby, hi baby no +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00056-00051559-00051759 i +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00057-00052274-00052537 Was feeling kind of cooped up so we're going for a walk +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00058-00052652-00052838 it's a lot colder than, we +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00059-00052838-00053389 Realized, we don't have, baby mittens and i feel like a, bad parent now, my hands are cold +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00060-00053389-00053704 Not put on gloves sarah's never walked, this fast in her life +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00061-00054152-00054352 Sometimes the truth hurts baby +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00062-00054466-00054961 So we're gonna close the blog here if we had a nice kind of a low-key weekend i promise we're? +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00063-00054961-00055587 Gonna, get back to our weekend adventures as soon as it stops raining or freezing on the weekend, we can actually go outside +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00064-00055712-00055829 but +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00065-00055829-00056029 We're, gonna get back to that +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00066-00056078-00056353 So thank you all for watching hope, you enjoyed it +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00067-00056423-00056736 Be sure to hit that like button leave us a comment and +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00068-00056819-00057019 Subscribe if you haven't already +0Mn-tc4g_SA-00069-00057110-00057310 See you guys next +0NoWZW_gqn0-00000-00000024-00000384 Hi My name is Mariekris Alana +0NoWZW_gqn0-00001-00000384-00000664 I am 33 years old Filipino citizen +0NoWZW_gqn0-00002-00000664-00001232 and I am looking for a Virtual Assistant position within fast growing, high-energy company +0NoWZW_gqn0-00003-00001368-00001784 For the past 5 years I have been the main point person in our department +0NoWZW_gqn0-00004-00001848-00002000 in doing reports about +0NoWZW_gqn0-00005-00002072-00002448 sales volume & revenues, process admin works +0NoWZW_gqn0-00006-00002448-00002776 and leads in processing statements of accounts nationwide +0NoWZW_gqn0-00007-00002776-00003112 in one of the fast growing companies in the Philippines. +0NoWZW_gqn0-00008-00003272-00003436 I’ve been told by others that +0NoWZW_gqn0-00009-00003436-00003808 I am a resourceful employee who loves to innovate +0NoWZW_gqn0-00010-00003808-00004256 and come up with ideas that will contribute to our group. +0NoWZW_gqn0-00011-00004256-00004456 Currently, I am a fulltime mom, +0NoWZW_gqn0-00012-00004456-00004896 an online seller and a local drop shipper at the time. +0NoWZW_gqn0-00013-00004896-00005168 I do multitasking with less supervision. +0NoWZW_gqn0-00014-00005232-00005512 If you are looking for a fast learner, committed +0NoWZW_gqn0-00015-00005512-00005824 well organized with a detail oriented individual +0NoWZW_gqn0-00016-00005824-00006032 and with an entrepreneurial mindset, +0NoWZW_gqn0-00017-00006032-00006208 I am your candidate. +0NoWZW_gqn0-00018-00006312-00006608 Feel free to connect with me thru my email +0NoWZW_gqn0-00019-00006608-00006920 and skype: mariekris.alana@gmail.com +0NoWZW_gqn0-00020-00007120-00007248 Thank you for watching! +0NoWZW_gqn0-00021-00007248-00007352 Have a great day! +0NoWZW_gqn0-00022-00007352-00007576 and Hope to speak with you soon! +0NRuZhO-nkM-00000-00000927-00001453 Hey there, it's Tyrone from Outsourcing Live and it's been a great month for the month +0NRuZhO-nkM-00001-00001453-00001561 of November. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00002-00001561-00002021 Amazingly, it's been so, so quick and I'm really excited to share with you something +0NRuZhO-nkM-00003-00002021-00002148 that's interesting. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00004-00002148-00002465 Now I don't want to go through all the stats and all that kind of stuff, you can actually +0NRuZhO-nkM-00005-00002465-00002709 check it out on my blog over here. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00006-00002709-00003154 Actually it shows you everything that I've accomplished this month and once again, the +0NRuZhO-nkM-00007-00003154-00003753 blog has increased in traffic which is a great sign particularly my videos on my channel +0NRuZhO-nkM-00008-00003753-00004482 has increased about 32% and also too, all my podcasts have increased by about 30% as +0NRuZhO-nkM-00009-00004482-00004582 well. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00010-00004582-00004942 So it's been a great month in terms of traffic for that side of things and things are growing +0NRuZhO-nkM-00011-00004942-00005042 organically. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00012-00005042-00005575 And also just to mention as well I'm ranked number 8 right now on page one of the keyword +0NRuZhO-nkM-00013-00005575-00006128 term outsourcing so we've finally made it to the first page of Google for the keyword +0NRuZhO-nkM-00014-00006128-00006243 term outsourcing. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00015-00006243-00006734 But, as I've mentioned in the last month's report, I'm going to start to actually show +0NRuZhO-nkM-00016-00006734-00007259 you every one of the monthly videos a little tip that I've discovered over the month and +0NRuZhO-nkM-00017-00007259-00007553 something that you can and something that I think you could easily apply and improve +0NRuZhO-nkM-00018-00007553-00007938 just the traffic for your blog particularly for videos. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00019-00007938-00008415 So as I talk about outsourcing as my particular topic, I'm using very, very heavily right +0NRuZhO-nkM-00020-00008415-00008879 now videos to promote and talk about outsourcing online. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00021-00008879-00009513 And as you may or may not noticed, Youtube has just recently updated their whole Youtube +0NRuZhO-nkM-00022-00009513-00010032 layout and as you can see it's pretty clean, very neat. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00023-00010032-00010293 And there are some pros and cons to it. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00024-00010293-00010954 I personally like it, it's quite nice but in saying that, the old channel did a few +0NRuZhO-nkM-00025-00010954-00011177 extra functions that is missing. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00026-00011177-00011488 It's gone really clean where I can't even see where the words are. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00027-00011488-00011982 So usually on this channel you get a word saying that you're ranked 74th for today for +0NRuZhO-nkM-00028-00011982-00012579 the top amount of traffic that you're getting for etc that kind of stuff. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00029-00012579-00012800 And also too, the comments are also missing as well. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00030-00012800-00013274 You have to actually click onto a link to see all the comments which is very, very important +0NRuZhO-nkM-00031-00013274-00013680 for building lots of traffic and backlink to your site or your channel. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00032-00013680-00014176 So that is something that I think is missing and I think they're just continually editing +0NRuZhO-nkM-00033-00014176-00014297 and modifying. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00034-00014297-00014722 But what I want to share with you today is a little thing that I just discovered myself. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00035-00014722-00015308 Previously, when I was looking this out and checking it out, making sure that what was +0NRuZhO-nkM-00036-00015308-00015945 possible was that before we could only add one link to the right hand side here or left +0NRuZhO-nkM-00037-00015945-00016268 hand side actually to our sites. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00038-00016268-00016533 Now, as you can see I've got 2 links here. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00039-00016533-00017001 I can actually put probably 3, 4, 5 in maybe 10, I'm not 100% sure but I'm just sticking +0NRuZhO-nkM-00040-00017001-00017101 on the safe side. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00041-00017101-00017745 And I've put 2 links specifically keyword-targeted like outsourcing here and Mass Outsource Mastermind +0NRuZhO-nkM-00042-00017745-00017986 which are specifically my websites. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00043-00017986-00018340 This one here is the blog and this one here is to my Mass Outsource Mastermind course +0NRuZhO-nkM-00044-00018340-00018604 which I train people on how to outsource. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00045-00018604-00019064 Anyway the reason why I'm saying this to you is that at the moment you can't see any links +0NRuZhO-nkM-00046-00019064-00019379 or you can't see a line strike through it. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00047-00019379-00019920 And what I mean by that is it means it's a dofollow link which means that whenever link +0NRuZhO-nkM-00048-00019920-00020468 you put there, Google actually passes the link juice back to your blog or to your website +0NRuZhO-nkM-00049-00020468-00020698 which is a huge, huge thing. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00050-00020698-00021080 Like you'll see this is loading up right now in a few seconds. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00051-00021080-00021311 On the left hand side I just had a look at my feed. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00052-00021311-00021854 See these links here, these links have been crossed out which means they're nofollow but +0NRuZhO-nkM-00053-00021854-00022459 when you have a look at the links on the right which are 2 links here, these are dofollow. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00054-00022459-00022945 Now for the people who don't know what nofollow and dofollow means, it means that if it's +0NRuZhO-nkM-00055-00022945-00023415 a dofollow it's a good sign and you want more of those links back to your site particularly +0NRuZhO-nkM-00056-00023415-00023728 where you've got the keyword that says whatever it is. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00057-00023728-00024200 For my term it's outsourcing and that's the reason why Google looks at this highly. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00058-00024200-00024664 So it's a really positive sign that you can actually add more links here directing to +0NRuZhO-nkM-00059-00024664-00024779 your sites. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00060-00024779-00025290 Now I don't recommend going crazy in adding 10 or 15 onto your site or channel. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00061-00025290-00025733 What I recommend you do is just add maybe 2 or 3 so that way it links directly there. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00062-00025733-00025982 And I'll quickly just show you right now how to do it. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00063-00025982-00026136 So you log in to your channel. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00064-00026136-00026627 Click on Edit Channel over here on the right hand side and right over here where it says +0NRuZhO-nkM-00065-00026627-00027029 Info and Settings, you'll be able to actually edit this. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00066-00027029-00027295 Hmm, my fault. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00067-00027295-00027487 I shouldn't be clicking that one there. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00068-00027487-00027737 It should be over here actually, it's down here. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00069-00027737-00027995 So ignore me on what I said there it's actually here. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00070-00027995-00028166 Edit, there we go. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00071-00028166-00028607 There's a button, click on Edit and there we go right here. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00072-00028607-00028827 Oops, stop that. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00073-00028827-00029212 So as you can see right here there's 2 links here. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00074-00029212-00029656 Because it's throwing up advertisements now I don't know why but you can actually add +0NRuZhO-nkM-00075-00029656-00029756 in. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00076-00029756-00030297 For example Add a New Link, I might say SEO Services because I do have SEO Services Company +0NRuZhO-nkM-00077-00030297-00031522 and also I'll put in the direct link to it so it's http://www.seoserviceshq.com.au. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00078-00031522-00032025 So I'll click on Add and guess what, I got SEO Services right there and that's actually +0NRuZhO-nkM-00079-00032025-00032655 added here and I'll click on Save or Apply and you'll see that on the right hand side, +0NRuZhO-nkM-00080-00032655-00033099 that will update with the link back to SEO Services which is fantastic and that's given +0NRuZhO-nkM-00081-00033099-00033730 my PR 6 which is over here, you can see it's PR 6 up here to all these other sites. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00082-00033730-00034127 I'll stop that and it's a positive sign. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00083-00034127-00034975 So if that makes any sense for you, hopefully it does, and obviously the higher the PR links +0NRuZhO-nkM-00084-00034975-00035278 that you get back to your websites the better it is for you. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00085-00035278-00035641 That's all I can say and that's why I think I've been getting a lot more traffic and also +0NRuZhO-nkM-00086-00035641-00036030 a lot more ranking better in Google for all my sites recently. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00087-00036030-00036475 All right, if you really, really enjoyed this, please feel free to leave a comment down below +0NRuZhO-nkM-00088-00036475-00036892 and don't forget to read my monthly report to check out what I talked about that way +0NRuZhO-nkM-00089-00036892-00037253 you can pick up some tips and pointers on how to be able to improve and get traffic +0NRuZhO-nkM-00090-00037253-00037813 from Youtube back to your website and also learn how I outsource all these as well. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00091-00037813-00038260 So if you have any questions just feel free to leave it down below here as you can see +0NRuZhO-nkM-00092-00038260-00038400 at Outsourcinglive.com. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00093-00038400-00038781 All right thanks very much for watching this, my name is Tyrone Shum and I'll see you inside +0NRuZhO-nkM-00094-00038781-00038881 the next video. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00095-00038881-00039013 Bye for now. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00096-00039013-00039362 If you're looking to outsource your video editing or production or looking to learn +0NRuZhO-nkM-00097-00039362-00039869 more about building an online audience using videos then subscribe to my newsletter at +0NRuZhO-nkM-00098-00039869-00040008 Outsourcinglive.com. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00099-00040008-00040522 I'll send you a free video course showing you where to and also how to find the best +0NRuZhO-nkM-00100-00040522-00040786 video editors to outsource your video production. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00101-00040786-00041256 Also, you'll get tips on what software to use and practical tips on getting videos created +0NRuZhO-nkM-00102-00041256-00041442 fast and easy. +0NRuZhO-nkM-00103-00041442-00041943 This video course is completely free so head over to Outsourcinglive.com and enter your +0NRuZhO-nkM-00104-00041943-00042103 email address to get access. +0pcAnqGNZlk-00003-00000534-00000746 Dedicated to each one of us city-dwellers +0pcAnqGNZlk-00004-00000746-00001044 that spent a good percentage of our lives stuck in traffic +0pcAnqGNZlk-00005-00002522-00002772 Looking for a space to park, we keep driving around +0pcAnqGNZlk-00007-00003024-00003150 in the city, at dusk +0pcAnqGNZlk-00008-00003264-00003528 the smart ones, they zip past ahead of you +0pcAnqGNZlk-00009-00004098-00004248 or else, it's "No Parking" +0pcAnqGNZlk-00010-00004842-00005086 slow down and look for a spot, you are greeted +0pcAnqGNZlk-00011-00005100-00005300 by the impatient grunts from behind +0pcAnqGNZlk-00013-00005548-00005828 disgruntled, we begin our quarrels +0pcAnqGNZlk-00015-00005946-00006196 yes. disgruntled, we begin our usual quarrels +0pcAnqGNZlk-00016-00006276-00006478 unable to reach where we wanted +0pcAnqGNZlk-00017-00006478-00006609 we stop where we could +0pcAnqGNZlk-00018-00006640-00006802 wandering into the wherever; +0pcAnqGNZlk-00019-00006814-00007042 purchasing the whatever's +0pcAnqGNZlk-00020-00007080-00007352 on the sinful interests we payback in installments +0pcAnqGNZlk-00021-00007476-00007758 only for them lucky ones who have planned ahead and got to the beach +0pcAnqGNZlk-00022-00007778-00008166 the sun would have set displaying the colorful grandeur +0pcAnqGNZlk-00023-00008210-00008672 sodium lamps officially declare that it is night indeed +0pcAnqGNZlk-00024-00008914-00009224 car radio sings on: "tons of fun!" +0pcAnqGNZlk-00025-00009338-00009632 nuf is nuf, we say, let's go back home +0pcAnqGNZlk-00026-00009688-00009886 it's 'no left turn' when we've to go left +0pcAnqGNZlk-00027-00009972-00010206 and 'no right turn' when we have to go right +0pcAnqGNZlk-00028-00010232-00010510 and 'no U-turn' if it's chuck let's go back. +0pcAnqGNZlk-00029-00010612-00010866 unable to separate oneself from the traffic worm +0pcAnqGNZlk-00030-00010872-00011236 going by the red-green beats .. slower-faster we pace +0pcAnqGNZlk-00031-00011236-00011436 we crawl on.. crawl on.. on... +0pcAnqGNZlk-00032-00011436-00011524 on... +0PrQVgVPhOI-00000-00000000-00001140 ♫ Lo-Fi Music ♫ +0d4pcuTPDJE-00000-00000000-00000509 A Course in ICT Sustainability, by Tom Worthington. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00001-00000509-00001738 Tom is an Honorary Senior Lecturer, in the Research School of Computer Science, at the Australian National University, and an Honorary Life Member of the Australian Computer Society. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00002-00001738-00001910 Introduction +0d4pcuTPDJE-00003-00001928-00002852 ICT Sustainability is about how to assess, and reduce, the carbon footprint and materials used with computers and telecommunications. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00004-00002860-00003824 Over twelve weeks this award winning course teaches strategies for reducing the environmental impact of computers and how to use the Internet to make business more energy efficient. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00005-00003824-00004008 The Problem. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00006-00004018-00004484 ICT is both part of the problem and part of the solution to climate change. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00007-00004494-00005568 A study sponsored by the Australian Computer Society has shown that computers and telecommunications equipment in Australia generated 1.52% of national emissions. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00008-00005584-00006406 This course investigates the contribution of ICT to carbon emissions, and how technology can reduce those emissions,. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00009-00006416-00006740 Bitcoin and Carbon Emissions +0d4pcuTPDJE-00010-00006750-00007658 Digital currency is one technology which has environmental implications. Many computations are required to create each new Bitcoin. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00011-00007658-00009032 Even with specialized hardware, this requires large amounts of energy. How much energy is used, and what are the alternatives, is a topic for ICT sustainability students to investigate +0d4pcuTPDJE-00012-00009044-00009158 Teaching Strategies +0d4pcuTPDJE-00013-00009162-00010624 ICT Sustainability is delivered on-line, supported by a tutor. Each week students read notes, watch videos, do exercises and discuss what they are learning. There are no lectures and no attendance is required,. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00014-00010650-00010848 Assessment +0d4pcuTPDJE-00015-00010866-00011162 There are no examinations for this course. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00016-00011188-00011934 Students answer questions in weekly forums and write assignments about the ICT sustainability of an organization they are familiar with. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00017-00011976-00012562 To help with learning, students are given a weekly topic to discuss and a short weekly quiz. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00018-00012608-00013586 Student forum contributions are assessed by their peers and the quizzes automatically marked as part of the overall assessment, to build each student's depth of knowledge. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00019-00013613-00013676 Enroll Now +0d4pcuTPDJE-00020-00013676-00014016 Enrollments are now open at the Australian National University +0d4pcuTPDJE-00021-00014041-00014946 for ICT Sustainability, course code COMP7310, available online, worldwide. +0d4pcuTPDJE-00022-00014954-00015363 For more details see the free e-book: "ICT Sustainability: +0d4pcuTPDJE-00023-00015378-00015826 Assessment and Strategies for a Low Carbon Future, by Tom Worthington". +0d4pcuTPDJE-00024-00015844-00016620 http://www.tomw.net.au/ict_sustainability/ +0f8FMKOvgY0-00000-00000087-00000618 (Bell ringing) +0f8FMKOvgY0-00001-00000618-00001150 (Alexander laughing) +0f8FMKOvgY0-00002-00001466-00001978 This was a clock tower in Tbilisi, Georgia. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00003-00001978-00002509 Every hour, an angel comes out and bangs the bell. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00004-00002509-00003339 We walked by the Tbilisi - the old Tbilisi - wall to get to the clock tower. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00005-00003415-00004100 "Look up there; you can see there's a tree growing up there" +0f8FMKOvgY0-00006-00004184-00004508 Look, we walk really fast! +0f8FMKOvgY0-00007-00005096-00005878 Everywhere in the city you can see the TV tower, the funicular, and the ferris wheel. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00008-00005879-00006493 The funicular station and the funicular were built in 1904. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00009-00006544-00006958 That's Tbilisi behind me. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00010-00007034-00007412 At the top of the hill I took a picture of Tbilisi +0f8FMKOvgY0-00011-00007422-00007830 and my mom took a picture of me taking a picture of Tbilisi. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00012-00008686-00009032 Here we are standing with the TV tower behind us. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00013-00009264-00009692 We're gonna go to the Ghost Castle. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00014-00009692-00010267 I think that castle looks so run down that there might be a few ghosts in there shouting +0f8FMKOvgY0-00015-00010267-00010517 "boo!" +0f8FMKOvgY0-00016-00010517-00010814 I took a picture of a stray cat that I found. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00017-00010862-00011392 At the photo booth we took six pictures. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00018-00011393-00011651 The park also had a carousel. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00019-00011651-00011903 I love Georgian food. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00020-00011903-00012113 This is khachapuri. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00021-00012113-00012441 It's better than pizza. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00022-00012482-00012774 The drinks in Georgia are good too. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00023-00012774-00013110 This is Georgian grape juice. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00024-00013188-00014857 What I like about it is that it is has grapes in it to keep it fresh. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00025-00014994-00015298 The grape juice is very good. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00026-00015340-00015708 I was trying to guess the words on this receipt. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00027-00015709-00016237 The Georgian alphabet is very cool and complicated. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00028-00016237-00016943 This is not Georgian, though it's something that I made up in Georgia. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00029-00016990-00017604 I also made a map because the apartment we were staying in was SO big. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00030-00017716-00018240 These are pads so you can keep your shoes on while you go around the house, so you don't +0f8FMKOvgY0-00031-00018240-00018457 have to take off your shoes. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00032-00018457-00018962 (Rebekah) Can you show me how they work? +0f8FMKOvgY0-00033-00019248-00019348 See? +0f8FMKOvgY0-00034-00019372-00019642 In the front room there was a pool table. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00035-00019646-00020016 We played pool every day. +0f8FMKOvgY0-00036-00020120-00020520 Malachi, did you have a good time in Georgia? +0f8FMKOvgY0-00037-00020520-00020688 Yes, I did. +0iSze3QKwmY-00000-00000000-00000050 ANGER OF GOD (R.I.P.1990-2000) +0jfQO6kmqPc-00000-00001100-00001900 Deepika Padukone shares a throwback picture with Ranbir Kapoor, takes us back to 'Tamasha' days +0jfQO6kmqPc-00001-00002000-00003400 Deepika Padukone shares a throwback picture with Ranbir Kapoor, takes us back to 'Tamasha' days The picture is a still from the movie 'Tamasha' which starred the two actors in lead roles. +0jfQO6kmqPc-00002-00003500-00005000 Deepika Padukone is one of the most sought-after actresses of Bollywood. The actress was last seen in 'Padmaavat' in which she left us mesmerised with her powerful performance. +0jfQO6kmqPc-00003-00005100-00007000 Since 'Padmaavat' that released in January this year, Dippy darling has not signed any new film. While we can't wait to watch her dazzle on screen yet again, the actress shared a throwback picture on Sunday with Ranbir Kapoor. +0jfQO6kmqPc-00004-00007100-00008500 The picture is a still from the movie 'Tamasha' which starred the two actors in lead roles. On the personal front, Deepika is rumoured to be in a relationship with Ranveer Singh. +0jfQO6kmqPc-00006-00012000-00012700 Ranbir is rumoured to be dating his Brahmastra co-star Alia Bhatt. . +10Wuphi_mZg-00000-00142008-00143246 effort! +12SfbfZazpA-00000-00000000-00000852 all right I see a bad little white girl you might run up on it real quick yo how you doing +12SfbfZazpA-00001-00001008-00001386 can I talk to you can we talk for a second come here +12SfbfZazpA-00002-00001482-00002064 I'm trying to talk to you I'm trying to talk to you because you look good and I just want to get +12SfbfZazpA-00003-00002064-00002814 to know you if possible I can't get to know you why you just did you're screaming at me no but +12SfbfZazpA-00004-00002814-00003497 I'm asking why though okay but I'm approaching you being confident but you look good I'm just trying +12SfbfZazpA-00005-00003497-00004086 to know if I could get your Snapchat or something and take you out maybe uh wherever you want to go +12SfbfZazpA-00006-00004404-00004596 you're not interested you got a boyfriend +12SfbfZazpA-00007-00004866-00005544 all right can I at least put my number in your phone before I go no all right +12SfbfZazpA-00008-00005940-00006162 okay then you can continue walking I'm sorry +12SfbfZazpA-00009-00006162-00006492 I interrupted you okay have a good one have a good walk +12SfbfZazpA-00010-00007481-00007692 huh yes +12SfbfZazpA-00011-00007920-00008418 no you just told me you didn't you just told me you didn't know me though +12SfbfZazpA-00012-00008796-00009132 okay come here for a sec can we talk right here before you get him +12SfbfZazpA-00013-00009216-00009948 you said what take a picture excuse me take a picture of me on your car okay go ahead +12SfbfZazpA-00014-00010314-00010860 you got it yeah but you I'm confused because you just like was weirded out and I apologize +12SfbfZazpA-00015-00010992-00011754 this car okay but I apologize for like you know doing that like um approaching you like +12SfbfZazpA-00016-00011754-00012210 that yeah that was weird okay but you still say you wasn't interested so I was gonna let +12SfbfZazpA-00017-00012210-00012642 you go yo can you finish talking to me bro like where are you going what are you doing +12SfbfZazpA-00018-00012834-00013122 like all right you want to get in all right come on we can we +12SfbfZazpA-00019-00013122-00013458 have a quick combo and then you can continue going where you were going +12SfbfZazpA-00020-00013674-00014178 that one all right so what you wanted to get in the car for because it's a +12SfbfZazpA-00021-00014178-00014790 nice [__] car okay but what I'm saying is you just told me you wasn't interested but +12SfbfZazpA-00022-00014790-00015119 I didn't know you had this car when I said that duh that's why I got in +12SfbfZazpA-00023-00015288-00015888 you know you hit you got that toxic guy [__] in my car that [__] is toxic +12SfbfZazpA-00024-00016116-00016698 you ain't even ask me so all right cool cool whatever but yo tell me more about +12SfbfZazpA-00025-00016698-00017490 you though tell me more about yourself um you know okay do my online sugar baby +12SfbfZazpA-00026-00017628-00018282 your sugar baby yeah so you get racks from that also you're not used so you used to this like you +12SfbfZazpA-00027-00018282-00018924 used to be preparing for yourself hell yeah but a lot of the people on there or like like I've +12SfbfZazpA-00028-00018924-00019470 never met someone young with a nice car like this is good ready I mean I like that this car +12SfbfZazpA-00029-00019470-00020220 is expensive yeah it's like seventy thousand dollars yeah it is but I mean still though I'm +12SfbfZazpA-00030-00020220-00020634 still confused because you just told me you wasn't interested in me he was being kind of +12SfbfZazpA-00031-00020634-00021090 rude out there and I apologize like I said for coming off yeah that was weird that was really +12SfbfZazpA-00032-00021090-00021498 nice I apologize for that but like at the end of the day though you still told me you wasn't +12SfbfZazpA-00033-00021498-00021966 interested in me and that you had to go home what are these buttons up here though do you want to +12SfbfZazpA-00034-00021966-00022710 close my windows yeah can I do that okay I'm just gonna make myself at home if that's okay we could +12SfbfZazpA-00035-00022710-00023598 yeah but I'm just I'm still just confused though why because you just told me that you had a man +12SfbfZazpA-00036-00023676-00024144 no I didn't I said I didn't have a boyfriend so no when I count you on the side of the street it's +12SfbfZazpA-00037-00024144-00024552 like I didn't I didn't know that you were success like you have to be successful to have this car +12SfbfZazpA-00038-00024552-00025050 and you're a young successful person I'm young I need someone else who's young and I want to bust +12SfbfZazpA-00039-00025050-00025668 down in this thing you want to bust down uh-huh what that mean what does that mean you know what +12SfbfZazpA-00040-00025668-00026645 tell me I wanted you to tell me what it is you woke bro hell yeah I thought you just talking um +12SfbfZazpA-00041-00026748-00027636 but a lot of the guys on my sugar baby apps you heard something I said shakes on oh +12SfbfZazpA-00042-00027900-00028554 if you say you saying all of that you're saying you're gonna pop whatever for the Hellcat we +12SfbfZazpA-00043-00028554-00029670 can show you show me oh yeah that's what I can I can you can get that because I don't what I need +12SfbfZazpA-00044-00029670-00030324 someone who's young and can support me pretty I mean I respect that I got I could respect that +12SfbfZazpA-00045-00030324-00031224 right but at the same time I need you to realize that you know it's not all about money I feel like +12SfbfZazpA-00046-00031410-00031698 it's not all of them maybe that's just my sugar baby mindset +12SfbfZazpA-00047-00031854-00032118 you don't want somebody that's going to treat you right you just want the money +12SfbfZazpA-00048-00032856-00033186 well we're about to drop down my car like where are we going +12SfbfZazpA-00049-00033426-00033900 oh you really just blew that in my face too that's crazy where are we going though bro +12SfbfZazpA-00050-00033960-00034842 um to like Toronto or something do I try to why not because that's like a h +12SfbfZazpA-00051-00035232-00035634 what's wrong with Wendy's cheap as [__] you don't want to go to Wendy's +12SfbfZazpA-00052-00035748-00036516 so we have to go to Charter um or somewhere else expensive why does it have to be expensive but if +12SfbfZazpA-00053-00036516-00036936 it's good it's good though when these food isn't good though because it's not made expensively +12SfbfZazpA-00054-00037614-00038286 I'm trying to say ah but if you're not dropping a bag on me I don't [__] want +12SfbfZazpA-00055-00038286-00038826 it except if I'm not what dropping a bag on me you said if I'm not what dropping a bag on me +12SfbfZazpA-00056-00038952-00039672 can I have all this what do you mean can you have it it's mine mine now I mean I could +12SfbfZazpA-00057-00039672-00040086 spin it that's what I get for that's what I get for talking to you for this [__] long +12SfbfZazpA-00058-00040266-00040578 so you gotta just take it I mean I'll spend it on you +12SfbfZazpA-00059-00040854-00041544 two hey yo I need you to relax I you said drop a bag on y'all drop the bag I showed +12SfbfZazpA-00060-00041544-00042000 you I got the bag but the thing is what can you do for the bag and don't even say no weak +12SfbfZazpA-00061-00042000-00042450 [__] like pop my [__] for the Hellcat I don't want to hear it you already said that +12SfbfZazpA-00062-00042450-00042954 like tell me what you could do what can you offer a man like nothing you can't offer me +12SfbfZazpA-00063-00042954-00043470 anything I I'm pretty okay I mean it's nice to look at a lot of girls are pretty though +12SfbfZazpA-00064-00043968-00044400 there's enough guys with money to fix all the girls that are pretty and don't +12SfbfZazpA-00065-00044400-00044760 want to do anything okay so then why are you here with me because you have money +12SfbfZazpA-00066-00045012-00045072 all right +12SfbfZazpA-00067-00045558-00045768 I don't understand I just feel like +12SfbfZazpA-00068-00045978-00047130 you don't care about me you just care about this yeah is that bad like that wait +12SfbfZazpA-00069-00047298-00047910 I think you need to change your mindset about your life should literally be about spoiling a pretty +12SfbfZazpA-00070-00047910-00048840 girl why should that be my life because that's men's only purpose how that's just how how it is +12SfbfZazpA-00071-00049296-00049452 are you being serious huh +12SfbfZazpA-00072-00049692-00049824 my girl calling me +12SfbfZazpA-00073-00050502-00051036 you might not you ain't you didn't even ask me anything you don't even know my name what's my +12SfbfZazpA-00074-00051036-00051954 name um are do you care to know if you slide me like 2K can you ask me what my name is though +12SfbfZazpA-00075-00052044-00052734 what's your name Thomas what is your name I didn't even get it Brittany Brittany yeah +12SfbfZazpA-00076-00052914-00053310 are you telling me the truth so Brittany what are we about to do +12SfbfZazpA-00077-00053417-00053694 it's going to a nice [__] restaurant like black and low +12SfbfZazpA-00078-00054036-00054498 what are you gonna order though that's what this is how I feel you're a gold digger +12SfbfZazpA-00079-00054744-00055704 you're a gold digger ask me why because why because you literally told me that you weren't +12SfbfZazpA-00080-00055704-00056298 interested in me until you seen my car yeah I don't give a [__] okay I did wait can I tell +12SfbfZazpA-00081-00056298-00056898 you it did but like what is the reason behind what you do you do though I'm really confused +12SfbfZazpA-00082-00056982-00057605 money I'm Money Motivated you're Money Motivated only you don't care about me as +12SfbfZazpA-00083-00057605-00057936 a person have you ever dated somebody because you actually loved them no +12SfbfZazpA-00084-00058176-00058782 I wanted money I have a lot of money as you can see a lot of it and I have more this is +12SfbfZazpA-00085-00058782-00059400 just shopping money we can go shopping if you want just playing you're a gold digger you're literally +12SfbfZazpA-00086-00059400-00059976 a goat [__] you [__] oh my God is your eye okay yo you just smacked me oh my God yo get out +12SfbfZazpA-00087-00059976-00060498 my car bro yo get out of my car before I really get serious yo this is a prank too this is a prank +12SfbfZazpA-00088-00060498-00060912 and you just smack you know get out my car for I actually caught a cop store real [__] get out +12SfbfZazpA-00089-00060912-00061446 of my car get out of my favorite numbers no get on my card bro get on my car before I call the cops +12SfbfZazpA-00090-00061446-00061914 on you real [__] you just put it get out of my car get out of my car get out of my car okay +12SfbfZazpA-00091-00062076-00062940 and take this hide too here go get out my car wow y'all she just literally smacked me in my face yo +12SfbfZazpA-00092-00062940-00063840 that hurt it's good though Graham that hurt but y'all exposing gold diggers all 2022 this [__] +12SfbfZazpA-00093-00063840-00064254 is crazy get it back in and I'm gonna go follow the report on that because that's ridiculous +14MXZzQybkU-00000-00000000-00000405 Two years +14MXZzQybkU-00001-00000408-00000815 ago I was at rock bottom. +14MXZzQybkU-00002-00000817-00001235 I was incarcerated facing forty years for a severe drug addiction. +14MXZzQybkU-00003-00001237-00001637 I made a decision then to turn my life around. +14MXZzQybkU-00004-00001639-00002046 One of the things that recovery has taught me was +14MXZzQybkU-00005-00002048-00002451 I had to change everything. So part of that I had to look at my +14MXZzQybkU-00006-00002453-00002861 work history. Working dead-end jobs, things that were not conducive +14MXZzQybkU-00007-00002863-00003277 or healthy for me. So I made a decision to go back to school. +14MXZzQybkU-00008-00003279-00003690 So I go to Nicolet and I talk to LeAnne, +14MXZzQybkU-00009-00003693-00004110 my academic advisor, and I was open and honest with her and +14MXZzQybkU-00010-00004112-00004523 told her exactly where I came from: my background and the issues +14MXZzQybkU-00011-00004525-00004940 I was facing. Surprisingly enough, she helped me and guided me through +14MXZzQybkU-00012-00004942-00005361 all of that. It was an experience that I +14MXZzQybkU-00013-00005363-00005765 will always cherish. That a complete stranger +14MXZzQybkU-00014-00005767-00006175 helped me achieve the goals that I was setting. My experience is +14MXZzQybkU-00015-00006177-00006584 a genuine one, honest and open, +14MXZzQybkU-00016-00006586-00006898 and good things will happen and good things have happened. +1773OLDN4P8-00000-00001217-00001350 [Music] [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00001-00001350-00001684 [Music] we're gonna keep going. +1773OLDN4P8-00002-00001684-00002436 [__] he got a mouth full ago I think I'll go stupid well that [__] because I always +1773OLDN4P8-00003-00002436-00003547 want to show I got hit [__] I know damn Auntie where you from baby St Louis [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00004-00003547-00003647 you down here for +1773OLDN4P8-00005-00003647-00004331 what you do for a living you a nurse [Music] look at all the [__] who going to school +1773OLDN4P8-00006-00004331-00005760 to be a nurse I'm on my way +1773OLDN4P8-00007-00005760-00006706 I just got my scratches [Applause] yeah, I bet you still ain't got now freshman [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00008-00006706-00009661 shut up it's a [__] who graduated you down here as a nurse oh you're in Dallas as +1773OLDN4P8-00009-00009661-00010820 a nurse oh okay that's your friend right there that's your daughter that's your dog I can +1773OLDN4P8-00010-00010820-00011886 tell y'all look like what you do dog you're a doctor yo who PCT [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00011-00011886-00013219 a b c e m g e [__] what is a PCT? +1773OLDN4P8-00012-00013219-00014071 a personal care technician person that can't take Nation I didn't know that was technical +1773OLDN4P8-00013-00014071-00014618 you taking care of somebody is technical how you technician somebody's Health [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00014-00014618-00016905 what is a PCT you got to break that down [__] I'll do comedy [__] like I used to sell +1773OLDN4P8-00015-00016905-00019367 drugs so I don't know what the [__] you do so you wake up and go to work every morning +1773OLDN4P8-00016-00019367-00021706 I don't care home health care so the [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00017-00021706-00022165 work at the house so you're an operator +1773OLDN4P8-00018-00022165-00022798 this [__] is an emergency operator what's up people in the backpack. +1773OLDN4P8-00019-00022798-00024064 y'all really close look at them let me put a roller coaster light on y'all say cheese +1773OLDN4P8-00020-00024064-00025876 let me see who we got right there [__] on the rail what you do for a living [__] on +1773OLDN4P8-00021-00025876-00027512 the rail you're a supervisor [__] oh what [__] [__] you, you could be the supervisor +1773OLDN4P8-00022-00027512-00027612 Whataburger stupid a$$. +1773OLDN4P8-00023-00027612-00027919 hey why y'all don't say I don't honey butter biscuits all day sometimes. +1773OLDN4P8-00024-00027919-00030200 you got to put too much honey I'm like yeah, I know it's honey on here [__] just real +1773OLDN4P8-00025-00030200-00031399 honey damn shouts out to everybody that's on lean don't really know what a nigga's saying +1773OLDN4P8-00026-00031399-00031502 right now. +1773OLDN4P8-00027-00031502-00032082 y'all [__] be getting them out that stupid ass [__] all right who else we got a bit +1773OLDN4P8-00028-00032082-00032182 more. +1773OLDN4P8-00029-00032182-00033122 I won so I can show your [__] my dick print [__] [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00030-00033122-00033272 [__] you +1773OLDN4P8-00031-00033272-00034172 your dick ain't real [__] [__] wrong with you I'm gonna come in and kick that [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00032-00034172-00034546 don't you stupid she gonna hit in the chick [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00033-00034546-00035233 hey I got my best friend she gave [__] I know how old let me tell her [__] you +1773OLDN4P8-00034-00035233-00036193 gotta put that up [__] I know I'm your home Bubba [__] this [__] ain't cool +1773OLDN4P8-00035-00036193-00037187 what's your name you say that's on that [__] now come on we're gonna be friends now come +1773OLDN4P8-00036-00037187-00038750 on be the man that you're trying to be [__] [Applause] been trying to turn back into a +1773OLDN4P8-00037-00038750-00040524 girl now [__] sway housewife [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00038-00040524-00041036 I was not playing LGBT Elemental pink your ass TV [Applause] I'll just play don't call +1773OLDN4P8-00039-00041036-00042743 nobody on me really you can't say nobody yeah, but they'll pull up with all the type of dicks +1773OLDN4P8-00040-00042743-00043722 and they have to airplane. +1773OLDN4P8-00041-00043722-00045594 I got you playing what you say baby here's some [__] talking to me what you say you +1773OLDN4P8-00042-00045594-00046693 love me I love you too oh get up let me see now sit down [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00043-00046693-00046793 [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00044-00046793-00047597 I'll give you some chewers or something I just playing I love you too baby I'll tear +1773OLDN4P8-00045-00047597-00048487 that ass up at four o'clock in the morning what you say oh you got some [__] kid +1773OLDN4P8-00046-00048487-00049484 here then [__] I take all that [__] who ain't your thong [__] you got a suspender +1773OLDN4P8-00047-00049484-00050880 though spin Stone connected to her pants give it to me baby what this is right here okay +1773OLDN4P8-00048-00050880-00052358 that's a small been giving out everybody's shirts who this for oh it's for me I can't +1773OLDN4P8-00049-00052358-00053866 even think of it now how many people you brought it for me Chico Carlo thank you baby what's +1773OLDN4P8-00050-00053866-00055207 your sister so what they say oh you know we support black businesses I don't know if you +1773OLDN4P8-00051-00055207-00056484 bought it like this or if you made it [__] if you made it go uh buy this [__] at +1773OLDN4P8-00052-00056484-00057700 the middle of the mall H-Town what they say [__] you mean you better sit up I put +1773OLDN4P8-00053-00057700-00057994 this dick on your forehead [__] how are you here 33. +1773OLDN4P8-00054-00057994-00058564 no that [__] ain't been played within three months but I'm always getting [__] they +1773OLDN4P8-00055-00058564-00059716 get dick every four months I love you what you do for a living your way she said aha. +1773OLDN4P8-00056-00059716-00060649 [Applause] [Music] perfect [Applause] I love aha sit down [__] why y'all changing the +1773OLDN4P8-00057-00060649-00061261 burgers in that International Harper Burgers that's the stupidest [__] ever [Music] they +1773OLDN4P8-00058-00061261-00061763 just trying some new [__] you know with some stupid [__] okay do anybody even buy +1773OLDN4P8-00059-00061763-00062137 Burgers from that [__] they do who white people okay. +1773OLDN4P8-00060-00062137-00062773 how long you been working at IHOP 12 yeah God damn you, you ain't the supervisor [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00061-00062773-00063041 can you have this [__] fill out an application. +1773OLDN4P8-00062-00063041-00063191 it's been passing out pancakes. +1773OLDN4P8-00063-00063191-00063666 you need to go on strike like this is a government job [__] that. +1773OLDN4P8-00064-00063666-00064374 have you seen somebody get promoted before you but it's 12 years I supposed to own me +1773OLDN4P8-00065-00064374-00064976 an IHOP [__] you still a waitress you eat a cup it ain't worth it it's where yeah [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00066-00064976-00065507 you are thinking of something I would have turned into somebody in that [__] what color +1773OLDN4P8-00067-00065507-00065643 is the manager shirt? +1773OLDN4P8-00068-00065643-00066305 [__] you need to go make up a color and act like you're the manager go back in that +1773OLDN4P8-00069-00066305-00066611 [__] maybe they'll up your pay ain't that right PCT. +1773OLDN4P8-00070-00066611-00067055 what you do for a living OG don't look at your girl like she got the answers [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00071-00067055-00067594 yo [__] what you do for a living time ah [__] yeah, it's your turn stupid ass +1773OLDN4P8-00072-00067594-00067894 boy front row you said life insurance +1773OLDN4P8-00073-00067894-00068692 why you are saying life for sure [__] how do you say a life insurance you go to +1773OLDN4P8-00074-00068692-00068792 dope. +1773OLDN4P8-00075-00068792-00069482 y'all got meetings like real tall I say football came this in your establishment. +1773OLDN4P8-00076-00069482-00069770 I won't get your life insurance. +1773OLDN4P8-00077-00069770-00070479 I'm a customer [__] don't get scared [__] I'm a customer now you're making me nervous +1773OLDN4P8-00078-00070479-00070864 I'm gonna think you taking my money let's do this again ding dong hey I want to get +1773OLDN4P8-00079-00070864-00071757 the life insurance this is a gangster crab bro a whole lot of ladies in here with their +1773OLDN4P8-00080-00071757-00072611 girlfriend what the [__] y'all throw dick away y'all like that no more why y'all like +1773OLDN4P8-00081-00072611-00072737 that homo. +1773OLDN4P8-00082-00072737-00073197 I don't know what dick you had but my dick cleans your skin up. +1773OLDN4P8-00083-00073197-00073597 [__] with me for three weeks your edges and [__] start growing back. +1773OLDN4P8-00084-00073597-00074078 confidence that went through the [__] roof fella stop giving me your girl compliments +1773OLDN4P8-00085-00074078-00074907 man compliment every goddamn thing everything just hype your lady up they love that [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00086-00074907-00076479 women love some goddamn compliments they like compliments so much you can put yourself in +1773OLDN4P8-00087-00076479-00077260 the goddamn compliment and they'll still accept it who got the baddest [__] in Maryland +1773OLDN4P8-00088-00077260-00078561 me who put dick in that time [__] this [__] here +1773OLDN4P8-00089-00078561-00080451 just when she walking through the house babe damn that ass getting fat [__] when you +1773OLDN4P8-00090-00080451-00081112 get that fine oh I'm so lucky they love this [__] bro compliment the [__] out your +1773OLDN4P8-00091-00081112-00082022 lady at home so those [__] outside can't do it these women look so good now gay [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00092-00082022-00082680 will take them from you yeah they don't need one [__] they'll just take them gay [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00093-00082680-00083524 cause they gonna compliment the [__] out of them uh-uh [__] what you doing no you +1773OLDN4P8-00094-00083524-00083908 didn't [__] with the clear skin [__] for real edges is laid the [__] down like +1773OLDN4P8-00095-00083908-00084976 they sleep [__] that ain't baby hair [__] that's infant hair your baby hair is infant +1773OLDN4P8-00096-00084976-00085652 hair [__] you killing these hoes with the crinkly no crinkliest no crinkles no you +1773OLDN4P8-00097-00085652-00085752 didn't +1773OLDN4P8-00098-00085752-00086504 killing me you know what [__] you killing me kill me bring me back like kill me again +1773OLDN4P8-00099-00086504-00087425 [__] yeah yes eyebrows doing what the [__] they supposed to do yes [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00100-00087425-00088639 School me rule me [__] they just throw [__] [__] what is you doing a little +1773OLDN4P8-00101-00088639-00089570 chocolate no you didn't [__] with the cute little line up looking like a Hershey +1773OLDN4P8-00102-00089570-00090795 bar stop [__] you better stop I'll be your girlfriend hello [__] stop playing +1773OLDN4P8-00103-00090795-00091225 with your little muscles been working out too long got your pants pulled up looking +1773OLDN4P8-00104-00091225-00092706 like a gentleman Kill Em [__] like a real [__] you got all the hoes yes +1773OLDN4P8-00106-00095726-00097081 work no more that don't work no more bro oh gee when you +1773OLDN4P8-00107-00097081-00097758 drink get here compliment the [__] out your later I'm telling you just make up some +1773OLDN4P8-00108-00097758-00099312 [__] on the way home hey you know what I like back we said to show how you were laughing +1773OLDN4P8-00109-00099312-00099955 baby when you land you're, you're cute as [__] are you little ill pickup I love +1773OLDN4P8-00110-00099955-00100813 that [__] I'm finding something bro find something I'm telling wake up hey you sleep +1773OLDN4P8-00111-00100813-00101632 I didn't want to tell you about you cute here I had a dream I wish you woke up seeing that +1773OLDN4P8-00112-00101632-00102113 she was real I'm telling you dog trust me +1773OLDN4P8-00113-00102113-00103480 got a gangster lady in the car what's up Gangster lady got that picture on what's up oh fine +1773OLDN4P8-00114-00103480-00104340 still I [__] with the lady with that patch on she'll never see half the [__] I'm +1773OLDN4P8-00115-00104340-00104452 doing [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00116-00104452-00105005 I saw you with that [__] you ain't so [__] you better turn this way and see +1773OLDN4P8-00117-00105005-00105342 I was by myself [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00118-00105342-00106149 Who you gonna believe me or your lying ass I [Applause] foreign. +1773OLDN4P8-00119-00106149-00106283 oh [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00120-00106283-00106383 stop +1773OLDN4P8-00121-00106383-00107140 these your jokes bro that's how the [__] we get down up in here what's up bro jay how +1773OLDN4P8-00122-00107140-00108125 you living my [__] and they got a pheasant head on old hat made on some [__] bathroom +1773OLDN4P8-00123-00108125-00109485 rug who you in here with who you here with that's your friend and who are they, they +1773OLDN4P8-00124-00109485-00110376 just some latest but that's your friend how long you been friends with this name you've +1773OLDN4P8-00125-00110376-00111472 known him since middle school he wants some [__] he can't stay up almost said for +1773OLDN4P8-00126-00111472-00112786 he not really into you like they want he wanted some [__] he, he just been waiting since +1773OLDN4P8-00127-00112786-00112945 middle school +1773OLDN4P8-00128-00112945-00114074 you didn't [__] way worse than him get that [__] opportunity to show you why +1773OLDN4P8-00129-00114074-00114680 he been hanging around you you're skipping over that's the [__] that's gonna [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00130-00114680-00115346 your wig off you knows why because he wants to, he's been wanting to since he was 13. +1773OLDN4P8-00131-00115346-00117025 okay trying to be friends with a [__] okay telling you now if you don't believe +1773OLDN4P8-00132-00117025-00119392 me just throw him a little [__] see how you start you already trust them enough to +1773OLDN4P8-00133-00119392-00120502 be seen with them in public and [__] might as well scan off all your potential dick y'all +1773OLDN4P8-00134-00120502-00121107 looking like a couple in here who drove oh that's why he ain't got the [__] get your +1773OLDN4P8-00135-00121107-00121619 [__] together oh need a ride ass [__] bro what's wrong with you +1773OLDN4P8-00136-00121619-00122146 [Music] you think I'm like some of that [__] get a car you're gonna be dick [__] told +1773OLDN4P8-00137-00122146-00123078 you [__] told you should have listened should have listened to the comedian yeah +1773OLDN4P8-00138-00123078-00123435 you can't answer no [__] when you need a ride home bro because then she liked the +1773OLDN4P8-00139-00123435-00124090 dick now you got to spend the night. +1773OLDN4P8-00140-00124090-00124807 hang on bro you were right there what you do yeah construction build a car. +1773OLDN4P8-00141-00124807-00124907 [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00142-00124907-00125007 oh [__] +1773OLDN4P8-00143-00125007-00125107 I gotta quit [__] with people bro. +1773OLDN4P8-00144-00125107-00126435 you are all right you're not who you in who's that lady to you that's your best friend that's +1773OLDN4P8-00145-00126435-00127126 what's up bro let me see who else hey Melanie that's your main her door how long. +1773OLDN4P8-00146-00127126-00127680 yeah, yeah, he was he swear to drink you better get it right. +1773OLDN4P8-00147-00127680-00128146 that [__] was rude come on now tell him. +1773OLDN4P8-00148-00128146-00129144 oh [__] you like them yeah y'all look good together I believe you the one with the +1773OLDN4P8-00149-00129144-00130338 money though no you got Street money though now you came up selling ice cream and candy +1773OLDN4P8-00150-00130338-00131069 or something you got you got that little haircut like a rich black lady in the 30s yeah and +1773OLDN4P8-00151-00131069-00131739 count money real fast nah that's 1500 right there. +1773OLDN4P8-00152-00131739-00133272 yeah, oh we love a hood [__] that can count money real fast tell the truth that's +1773OLDN4P8-00153-00133272-00134655 some sexy [__] eighty-five six yeah that's 7700. much love to all the ladies who keep +1773OLDN4P8-00154-00134655-00135701 a little titty Money you know that little titty man it'd always be an odd amount like +1773OLDN4P8-00155-00135701-00136173 66 dollars and fives I don't know how she did it, but she did it. +1773OLDN4P8-00156-00136173-00136371 cause I love some titties all of them I I accept all the titties as long as there's +1773OLDN4P8-00157-00136371-00136705 two of them, I can do something I love two titties as a set I don't give a [__] you'll +1773OLDN4P8-00158-00136705-00137217 be sucking on a little titty to get bored like this [__] gay. +1773OLDN4P8-00159-00137217-00137424 licking on this [__] heartbeat +1773OLDN4P8-00160-00137424-00138171 pictures of women they brought out a clock on it as soon as they get that [__] on +1773OLDN4P8-00161-00138171-00138600 come on now we need to go if we're going this Brian gonna last four hours. +1773OLDN4P8-00162-00138600-00138700 somebody's got 16 hooks. +1773OLDN4P8-00163-00138700-00139040 [__] with no big titty women, she knows you can't get up bro she just starts laughing +1773OLDN4P8-00164-00139040-00139911 when you try you ain't gonna be able to do it [Music] because big city women take that +1773OLDN4P8-00165-00139911-00140350 bro every day at the same time 5 27. +1773OLDN4P8-00166-00140350-00141051 545 I don't matter where they had in the world that [__] coming off sit in traffic ah +1773OLDN4P8-00167-00141051-00141443 [__] pull that [__] out the sleeve [Laughter] then the first thing they're gonna +1773OLDN4P8-00168-00141443-00142640 do is scratch under that City oh [__] you know why they do that because big tit +1773OLDN4P8-00169-00142640-00143328 is itch on the bottom look to this itch on the top. +1773OLDN4P8-00170-00143328-00143676 it's a science to this [__] OG. +1773OLDN4P8-00171-00143676-00144032 all right God damn +1773OLDN4P8-00172-00144032-00144832 it's a hell of a haircut right there boy. +1773OLDN4P8-00173-00144832-00145661 sir what you want man to cut the front part of this [__] off you short [__] trust +1773OLDN4P8-00174-00145661-00146007 me cut all this [__] off. +1773OLDN4P8-00175-00146007-00146977 I don't need nothing in the front bruh pull it up to the scene with the silly Miss [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00176-00146977-00147789 bro you sure you want me to cut the front of your [__] out if you don't do it, I'm +1773OLDN4P8-00177-00147789-00147901 gonna do it. +1773OLDN4P8-00178-00147901-00148001 [Music] +1773OLDN4P8-00179-00148001-00148378 it's [__] yeah, yeah, the headline from the Make-A-Wish Foundation +1773OLDN4P8-00180-00148378-00149030 he doesn't even have to add your what up he know how much the [__] costs oh it's 37-71 +1773OLDN4P8-00181-00149030-00149724 you sure I'm positive trust me I can do long division. +1773OLDN4P8-00182-00149724-00150244 I ain't [__] as a human +1773OLDN4P8-00183-00150244-00150937 let me see who else over here tonight. +1773OLDN4P8-00184-00150937-00152203 how y'all doing over here y'all ain't clap for me the [__] y'all too oh yeah I'm +1773OLDN4P8-00185-00152203-00153583 mad about that [__] I'm Petty like hey people in the back you put all the white people +1773OLDN4P8-00186-00153583-00154229 in the white people section hey it's [__] up they put y'all in the uh non-colored section +1773OLDN4P8-00187-00154229-00155158 that's I need to get some color on your ass [__] I'm just playing y'all good y'all +1773OLDN4P8-00188-00155158-00157457 like a group y'all doing group study or something I just want to see him in their natural habitat +1773OLDN4P8-00189-00157457-00159688 I heard it was mating season in the Negro community if you look around the room all +1773OLDN4P8-00190-00159688-00160451 the females are ready, we're gonna be on National Geographic +1773OLDN4P8-00191-00160451-00161259 some [__] called black glass or something I don't know I don't know who they working +1773OLDN4P8-00192-00161259-00161564 for later with that patch go over there and see if them [__] I believe you the toughest +1773OLDN4P8-00193-00161564-00162480 [__] in here I just I just feel like you can have any [__] selling [__] in +1773OLDN4P8-00194-00162480-00162580 two weeks what's your name prayerless Aloysius yeah that business sold some [__] before +1773OLDN4P8-00195-00162580-00162680 she the type of person [__] people [__] dudes whoever Aloysius +1773OLDN4P8-00196-00162680-00162780 she got a strap on with some real foreskin on it [Laughter] +1773OLDN4P8-00197-00162780-00162917 hey that's some genius dance comedy [__] the deal though with the foreskin on it y'all +1773OLDN4P8-00198-00162917-00163017 [__] ain't hearing me bro I'm bigger than this basement. +1773OLDN4P8-00199-00163017-00163117 and you said it like I was supposed to you don't know. +1773OLDN4P8-00200-00163117-00163217 [Laughter] [Music] +1773OLDN4P8-00201-00163217-00163317 Eloise, you got them whole. +1773OLDN4P8-00202-00163317-00163417 talk to me now. +1773OLDN4P8-00203-00163417-00163517 I feel you though [__] game is up and down though I wouldn't invest my money in +1773OLDN4P8-00204-00163517-00163847 it [__] Wade up and down telling you that [__] is situational as hell you think +1773OLDN4P8-00205-00163847-00164029 you could just sell [__] with a standard price that's a sliding scale. +1773OLDN4P8-00206-00164029-00164434 I'm not just gonna come in now and just go with what y'all saying Ima do like the dude +1773OLDN4P8-00207-00164434-00164809 on Pawn Stars now I don't know much about [__] but I got a partner who's an expert +1773OLDN4P8-00208-00164809-00165061 I want him to come in here tell me if this [__] is legit well I wouldn't pay this +1773OLDN4P8-00209-00165061-00165619 much for it Carlos I mean this [__] was born in 1980 [__] value on the 1980s going +1773OLDN4P8-00210-00165619-00166086 rate is around 32 dollars thirty two dollars and you wanna come here and try to sell me +1773OLDN4P8-00211-00166086-00166186 some 32 Plus for 50 off the nerve of you Aloysius report your ass to the Better Business Bureau +1773OLDN4P8-00212-00166186-00166333 you don't work for Aloysia do you young okay I saw you had the birthmark on your eye and +1773OLDN4P8-00213-00166333-00167099 I was like this the eye gang over here everybody over here gotta add this [__] got a contact +1773OLDN4P8-00214-00167099-00167199 in one green that one blue one they scared to laugh at Aloysius what you do to my crowd +1773OLDN4P8-00215-00167199-00167392 let me quit for the [__] lift to patch up and shoot me +1773OLDN4P8-00216-00167392-00168877 you saw the motion [__] I did the slow motion for like 11 seconds but can't tell +1773OLDN4P8-00217-00168877-00169518 me ain't gonna make it in Hollywood. +1773OLDN4P8-00218-00169518-00169963 let me quit y'all [__] on ecstasy um. +1773OLDN4P8-00219-00169963-00170063 foreign +1773OLDN4P8-00220-00170063-00170522 for another one now I'm about to bring the squad out here [__] about to get real +1773OLDN4P8-00221-00170522-00170738 ignorant now if you thought I was [__] you saw them they crazy I'm the normal one +1773OLDN4P8-00222-00170738-00170838 ain't no telling what DC might say to Aloysius now that we know her name Aloysius is this +1773OLDN4P8-00223-00170838-00171243 don't let your lady go in the bathroom if you see Aloysius though look ladies listen +1773OLDN4P8-00226-00185921-00187497 got out safe still got a bullet in your leg you're always welcome at our shows +1773OLDN4P8-00227-00187497-00188978 I want everybody to feel welcome much love to the white ladies who got little black kids +1773OLDN4P8-00228-00188978-00189311 you don't know how to do their hair. +1773OLDN4P8-00229-00189311-00191430 just let that [__] be all over the place that [__] was funny over there in the +1773OLDN4P8-00230-00191430-00191994 White on this section. +1773OLDN4P8-00231-00191994-00194400 all right without further ado I want to see if you're a real lesbian if you're gonna lick +1773OLDN4P8-00232-00194400-00194830 that ketchup off your finger you're gonna get in there oh no, no, no. +1773OLDN4P8-00233-00194830-00194930 look you better not [__] break that French fry in half. +1773OLDN4P8-00234-00194930-00195030 don't you be eating them long ass fries break them up foreign? +1773OLDN4P8-00235-00195030-00195130 [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00236-00195130-00195230 you better hit our shoulder you be trying to hug her like [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00237-00195230-00195330 this is [__] real bro I love you baby like that Glitter all that Glitter all that +1773OLDN4P8-00238-00195330-00195430 Glitter it's got a dress it's made out of Michael Jackson gloves yeah, yeah, she got +1773OLDN4P8-00239-00195430-00195530 that ass it's all up on her back yeah little [__] like me be jumping up on that ass +1773OLDN4P8-00240-00195530-00195630 like to bounce the house ah I was up [Applause] get on my girl booty man. +1773OLDN4P8-00241-00195630-00195730 killed my girl booty man. +1773OLDN4P8-00242-00195730-00195830 yeah, don't you do it not only [__] up this is gonna be some dumb ass [__] your +1773OLDN4P8-00243-00195830-00196212 cousin come over your house and try to do, do a backflip off the couch break the goddamn +1773OLDN4P8-00244-00196212-00196624 arm you boys your mama come home? +1773OLDN4P8-00245-00196624-00198440 you know what happened when your mama come home all y'all sitting there waiting to see +1773OLDN4P8-00246-00198440-00200167 you won't get their ass whooped first she walked in and I already know y'all lost the +1773OLDN4P8-00247-00200167-00200344 [__] what the [__] y'all looking so God damn conversation y'all had before she +1773OLDN4P8-00248-00200344-00200509 come home though everybody Hey look who broke it you, you I know I did you try to do a backflip +1773OLDN4P8-00249-00200509-00200609 off but you told me you got up there and when you, you broke it you everybody calmed down +1773OLDN4P8-00250-00200609-00200709 no we just gonna say that we came in the house and it was like that she not gonna believe +1773OLDN4P8-00251-00200709-00200809 that stupid but oh look let me fix it +1773OLDN4P8-00252-00200809-00200909 it was a tornado. +1773OLDN4P8-00253-00200909-00201009 what kind of tornado okay +1773OLDN4P8-00254-00201009-00201109 look man damn man. +1773OLDN4P8-00256-00204432-00205553 oh yeah, yeah uh-uh we need a cover yeah put that over there put that over there Chico +1773OLDN4P8-00257-00205553-00205653 you dang like you sleep when she come in. +1773OLDN4P8-00258-00205653-00205753 [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00259-00205753-00205853 [Applause] questions [Applause] stop crying [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00260-00205853-00205953 [Applause] thank you huh hey man you say come here. +1773OLDN4P8-00261-00205953-00206053 hey come on. +1773OLDN4P8-00262-00206053-00206153 come in your room. +1773OLDN4P8-00263-00206153-00206253 [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00264-00206253-00206353 huh no I ain't nothing wrong with it [Applause] what you mean wise pushed together. +1773OLDN4P8-00265-00206353-00206453 she spoke. +1773OLDN4P8-00266-00206453-00206553 [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00267-00206553-00206653 [Music] [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00268-00206653-00206753 [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00269-00206753-00206853 foreign +1773OLDN4P8-00270-00206853-00206953 [Applause] [Music] +1773OLDN4P8-00271-00206953-00207053 no because I told him to stop, I told him to stop me he didn't want to stop okay mama +1773OLDN4P8-00272-00207053-00207153 wants you. +1773OLDN4P8-00273-00207153-00207253 tell her I'm dead already. +1773OLDN4P8-00274-00207253-00207353 [Applause] foreign [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00275-00207353-00207453 okay she said you better get your black ass in there before she kills you again [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00276-00207453-00207553 she gonna be all of us go ahead and tell her what you did. +1773OLDN4P8-00277-00207553-00207653 oh man sorry. +1773OLDN4P8-00278-00207653-00207753 [Music] +1773OLDN4P8-00279-00207753-00207853 [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00280-00207853-00207953 mama, mama okay [Applause] she said if she got to get up out that bed and miss the rest +1773OLDN4P8-00281-00207953-00208053 of her stories [__] with your stupid ass you can wish you wasn't born so you better +1773OLDN4P8-00282-00208053-00208153 get up and go in there and talk to her or else everybody getting [__] up foreign. +1773OLDN4P8-00283-00208153-00208253 [Music] [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00284-00208253-00208353 [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00285-00208353-00208453 thank you. +1773OLDN4P8-00286-00208453-00208553 yes [Applause] yes. +1773OLDN4P8-00287-00208553-00208653 I'll do that [Applause] I did that. +1773OLDN4P8-00288-00208653-00208753 okay +1773OLDN4P8-00289-00208753-00208853 hmm +1773OLDN4P8-00290-00208853-00208953 [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00291-00208953-00209053 [Applause] that's awake. +1773OLDN4P8-00292-00209053-00209153 you okay. +1773OLDN4P8-00293-00209153-00209253 let me see everything. +1773OLDN4P8-00294-00209253-00209353 [Applause] +1773OLDN4P8-00295-00209353-00209353 [Music] [Applause] +19qKbxfbbmg-00000-00000088-00000448 quit feel like quitting remember all of those who said you'd fail +19qKbxfbbmg-00001-00000592-00001288 when you feel like giving up remember why you started when you feel like quitting remember +19qKbxfbbmg-00002-00001288-00001896 what you're doing it all for when you feel like quitting remember pain is temporary +19qKbxfbbmg-00003-00001896-00002616 and greatness lasts forever when you feel like quitting remember that the pain you feel today +19qKbxfbbmg-00004-00002616-00003215 will be replaced with the strength you need tomorrow remember that every ounce of pain +19qKbxfbbmg-00005-00003215-00004008 you feel is building a stronger you a stronger body a stronger mind and a stronger character +19qKbxfbbmg-00006-00004152-00005264 so push through the pain don't let it stop force it to grow you don't back down from the pain face +19qKbxfbbmg-00007-00005264-00006272 it feel no pain there is no pain that painful last rep that's nothing get me more much harder +19qKbxfbbmg-00008-00006520-00007456 too tired too hard too busy too early too stressed no excuses too tired no +19qKbxfbbmg-00009-00007456-00008552 excuses too hard no excuses too busy no excuses too early no excuses no stress +19qKbxfbbmg-00010-00008552-00009296 no excuses when i feel like quitting i remember there's too many people i need to prove wrong +19qKbxfbbmg-00011-00009296-00009984 when i feel like quitting i remember i have too much to fight for i will not quit +19qKbxfbbmg-00012-00010440-00011264 i'm up i'm ready to go quitting that's for those who have no heart i do not quit the greatest +19qKbxfbbmg-00013-00011264-00011856 physique your greatest health your greatest strength it doesn't come with average effort if +19qKbxfbbmg-00014-00011856-00012440 you want average results keep showing up and give an average effort if you want to be at your best +19qKbxfbbmg-00015-00012496-00013072 you will have to give your best effort make an oath to yourself that you will not walk out of +19qKbxfbbmg-00016-00013072-00013856 any training session any game anything without giving 110 of your soul whatever you think is +19qKbxfbbmg-00017-00013856-00014488 your limit push past it whatever you think is your max see if you can get ten percent more +19qKbxfbbmg-00018-00014488-00015256 out results don't lie it all comes down to one simple question how bad do you want it +19qKbxfbbmg-00019-00015368-00017304 and when you feel like quitting give me ten more nothing great is going to come if you +19qKbxfbbmg-00020-00017304-00018384 quit i know it's hard i know you are tired i know it seems impossible but you must keep going +19qKbxfbbmg-00021-00018952-00019784 stick it out and get your reward +19qKbxfbbmg-00022-00021992-00022000 you +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00000-00000022-00000279 Toby Fox couldn’t sleep. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00001-00000279-00000451 Undertale was finished. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00002-00000451-00000892 It had been released, and the world had fallen in love with it. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00003-00000892-00001346 Everywhere Toby looked online, he saw people talking about his game. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00004-00001346-00001957 He saw fan-art, reviews, analysis videos, and covers of the songs he’d composed for +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00005-00001957-00002064 the game. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00006-00002064-00002648 His masterpiece was finished, and what’s more, it was shaping up to one of, if not +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00007-00002648-00003089 the, defining game of 2015. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00008-00003089-00003552 But while Undertale was finished, Toby wasn’t done yet. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00009-00003552-00003945 He had so much more that he wanted to share with the world. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00010-00003945-00004187 He just couldn’t keep things to himself. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00011-00004187-00004825 Inspired and wholly unable to ignore his creative drive, Toby started work on a new project. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00012-00004825-00005138 This would be years in the making. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00013-00005138-00005704 He wasn’t sure if it was even possible to finish his big, sprawling epic. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00014-00005704-00006016 Completing this new project was probably impossible. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00015-00006016-00006303 But he had to try. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00016-00006303-00006686 This is the story of Deltarune, Chapter One. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00017-00006686-00007363 The tale of how Toby Fox fought – and continues to fight – to make lightning strike a second +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00018-00007363-00009922 time. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00019-00009922-00010302 Creating Undertale had been a relatively simple process. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00020-00010302-00010881 Toby had set out with the goal of creating an entire video game, all by himself, simply +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00021-00010881-00011009 to prove that he could. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00022-00011009-00011531 He’d built an original demo for Undertale in just a few month, and had been very happy +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00023-00011531-00011663 with his work. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00024-00011663-00012161 Of course, not everything went entirely to plan. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00025-00012161-00012650 After a surprisingly successful Kickstarter, Toby found himself struggling to meet the +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00026-00012650-00013191 game’s initial 2014 release date, and had roped in additional artists such as Temmie +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00027-00013191-00013747 Chang and Magnolia Porter to help flesh out the world and finish the huge task he’d +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00028-00013747-00013881 set for himself. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00029-00013881-00014576 But, all in all, Undertale had built to his strengths, and had been a manageable if ambitious +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00030-00014576-00014688 project. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00031-00014688-00014929 Deltarune was not so. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00032-00014929-00015360 Right from the start, Toby began running into challenges. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00033-00015360-00015841 His vision of the game involved a much richer, more varied colour palette. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00034-00015841-00016331 Where much of Undertale was simple black and white sprite art, Deltarune would feature +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00035-00016331-00016849 full colour, and Toby struggled to get the look that he was hoping for. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00036-00016849-00017365 Even as he created art that he was happy with, he was aware that it was taking a lot longer +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00037-00017365-00017674 than anything he’d done on Undertale. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00038-00017674-00018123 He also wanted to expand the scope of this new game in other ways. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00039-00018123-00018592 He wanted multiple party members and main characters, with different motivations and +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00040-00018592-00019109 story arcs, and that meant a far less straightforward writing process. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00041-00019109-00019598 Keeping everything organised in his head was taking a lot of work, and he wasn’t sure +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00042-00019598-00019765 that he could manage this alone. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00043-00019765-00020162 Then, there was the game world itself. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00044-00020162-00020687 The overworld was bigger and more interconnected than anything in Undertale, and the geography +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00045-00020687-00021189 for the central town at the heart of the story needed to be set in stone right at the start +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00046-00021189-00021555 to help Toby achieve consistency as the story developed. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00047-00021555-00022101 There was so much to do, so many things to organize. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00048-00022101-00022319 Toby needed a team. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00049-00022319-00022619 He’d never worked with a team before. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00050-00022619-00023084 Getting art help from Temmie was one thing, but orchestrating the work of a small studio +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00051-00023084-00023193 seemed beyond him. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00052-00023193-00023784 And yet, it was clear that Toby couldn’t possibly make the game he wanted without outside +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00053-00023784-00023895 help. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00054-00023895-00024048 It was impossible. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00055-00024048-00024623 He could imagine the project stretching on, endlessly, over years and years. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00056-00024623-00024998 Toby generously gave himself a seven year window. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00057-00024998-00025390 After that, he figured he’d get bored or lose interest. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00058-00025390-00025534 So what could he do? +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00059-00025534-00025918 Well, the first step was to start with something manageable. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00060-00025918-00026489 He’d built a demo for Undertale before starting on the full game, so logically, he should +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00061-00026489-00026627 do that again. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00062-00026627-00027227 Deltarune: Chapter 1 was envisioned as a way to test out this new game world, and to start +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00063-00027227-00027594 committing to story ideas that he could build upon later. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00064-00027594-00028133 Perhaps this was the way the full game would really start, or maybe Toby would change things +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00065-00028133-00028720 around and finesse ideas when he came to building the real title with his team. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00066-00028720-00029045 He forced himself to focus on Chapter 1 for now. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00067-00029045-00029682 He’d build this, in its entirety, and worry about the bigger, wider game after that was +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00068-00029682-00029782 completed. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00069-00029782-00030238 The main challenge that weighed on Toby’s mind was the battle system. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00070-00030238-00030719 He started by simply expanding upon the combat mechanics for Undertale. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00071-00030719-00031232 Originally, Deltarune would play the same way, with the player navigating through a +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00072-00031232-00031469 flurry of enemy projectiles. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00073-00031469-00031862 Toby tried out fun new additions to this formula. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00074-00031862-00032323 Maybe if the player got closer to bullets, the enemy’s attacks would end sooner. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00075-00032323-00032695 But he still had a lot of things he wasn’t happy with. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00076-00032695-00033036 The combat wasn’t explained very well in the demo. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00077-00033036-00033354 The system didn’t really work with multiple party members. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00078-00033354-00033727 A pacifist playstyle wasn’t engaging enough. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00079-00033727-00034309 Too many elements of the Undertale battle system didn’t quite fit with this new game. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00080-00034309-00034708 Toby would have to rework the whole combat mechanics for the game later. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00081-00034708-00035056 But that was a job for after his demo was finished. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00082-00035056-00035318 He needed to keep pushing forward. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00083-00035318-00035713 It didn’t help that Toby had a lot on his plate. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00084-00035713-00036210 Undertale’s popularity meant that he was very much in demand, and was needed for work +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00085-00036210-00036677 on porting the game to various platforms, as well as travelling around the world promoting +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00086-00036677-00036777 his game. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00087-00036777-00037250 But the biggest challenge that Toby faced was his own self doubt. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00088-00037250-00037558 Was this game really worth making? +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00089-00037558-00037927 How could he possibly top the success of Undertale? +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00090-00037927-00038366 When he’d first received an unexpectedly huge amount of funding support for his initial +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00091-00038366-00038950 Undertale kickstarter, Toby had been paralyzed with fear, worried that he wouldn’t live +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00092-00038950-00039050 up to people’s expectations. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00093-00039050-00039199 This was a hundred times worse. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00094-00039199-00039775 Now that Undertale was a global sensation, Toby felt that whatever he did next, his fans +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00095-00039775-00039938 would be disappointed. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00096-00039938-00040239 He couldn’t recapture the magic of Undertale. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00097-00040239-00040524 He couldn’t put that genie back in the bottle. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00098-00040524-00041083 This new game had to be its own thing, different and distinct, and people were going to react +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00099-00041083-00041316 to it differently. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00100-00041316-00041625 Struggling with his own insecurity, Toby procrastinated. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00101-00041625-00042220 He didn’t have to finish the game in a timely fashion, right? +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00102-00042220-00042813 This was something he could do at his own leisure, around other, less intimidating tasks. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00103-00042813-00043013 The years dragged on. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00104-00043013-00043341 Toby kept allowing himself to be distracted. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00105-00043341-00043496 But. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00106-00043496-00043970 He couldn’t shake the feeling that he needed to get the game demo finished. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00107-00043970-00044459 Deltarune was important to him, and he desperately wanted to share it with the world. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00108-00044459-00045076 So, again working with his friend Temmie, Toby pushed through his own indecision and +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00109-00045076-00045176 doubt. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00110-00045176-00045574 He overcame this wall, and completed work on the demo. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00111-00045574-00045818 Deltarune Chapter One was compelte. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00112-00045818-00046656 It had taken three years, longer than he’d ever spent on Undertale, but it was done. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00113-00046656-00046822 Nothing else was in any way organized. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00114-00046822-00047396 Toby’s plans for a bigger game, built by a competent team of artists, were all simply +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00115-00047396-00047623 ethereal at this point. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00116-00047623-00048256 Aside from a few song compositions, he had nothing ready, and would need to start all +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00117-00048256-00048390 again. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00118-00048390-00048708 But he’d made the game’s first chapter. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00119-00048708-00049124 It was a start, and that was all he needed. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00120-00049124-00049847 On Halloween 2018 Toby shared Deltarune Chapter One with the world. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00121-00049847-00050175 Nervously, he waited for a response. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00122-00050175-00050526 There were concerns, and challenges. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00123-00050526-00050978 Some technical issues meant that his game caused some people’s computers some issues. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00124-00050978-00051413 But aside from this, Toby was met with a wave of positivity. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00125-00051413-00051513 Fan-art. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00126-00051513-00051613 Theories. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00127-00051613-00051775 Music covers. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00128-00051775-00052421 Again, the world was embracing his work, and falling in love with his new achievements. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00129-00052421-00052566 Toby was pleased. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00130-00052566-00053156 But even as he processed these emotions, he knew he had a long road ahead of him. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00131-00053156-00053661 The story of Deltarune was only just beginning. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00132-00053661-00054151 The moral of the story is that it’s important not to choke on your own ambition. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00133-00054151-00054617 You may have a great desire to achieve huge, tremendous goals in life. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00134-00054617-00055170 You might dream big, and get intimidated by just how much work will be required to get +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00135-00055170-00055329 where you want to go. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00136-00055329-00055632 Don’t give in to self-doubt. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00137-00055632-00055907 Set yourself smaller, more manageable goals. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00138-00055907-00056510 Break things down, and work towards your milestones one day at a time. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00139-00056510-00057069 The road to success is often slow, and takes a lot of patience. +1qyPLBCZ2G0-00140-00057069-00057748 But, with enough hard work and optimism, you can see your big dreams become a reality. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00000-00000586-00000688 Hello Everyone! +1vAyDHq5d_k-00001-00000688-00001420 For the past few months we have been going through the Gospel of Luke. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00002-00001420-00002325 So far, we have read miracle stories and parables which convey moral or spiritual lessons. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00003-00002325-00003083 Today's text is about the most essential Christian belief - the resurrection of the body. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00004-00003083-00003634 The Sadducees were one of the prominent Jewish political religious sects at the time of Jesus +1vAyDHq5d_k-00005-00003634-00003734 Christ. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00006-00003734-00004451 They were aristocrats, priests and members of the supreme religious council called the +1vAyDHq5d_k-00007-00004451-00004551 Sanhedrin. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00008-00004551-00005242 They were liberal in political views but conservative in religious matters. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00009-00005242-00006025 They accepted only the first five Books of the Bible - Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers +1vAyDHq5d_k-00010-00006025-00006274 and Deuteronomy. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00011-00006274-00006814 Unlike the Pharisees and other Jews who believed in the resurrection, life after death and +1vAyDHq5d_k-00012-00006814-00007365 rewards for the righteous and punishment for the wicked, the Sadducees did not believe +1vAyDHq5d_k-00013-00007365-00008061 in any of them, nor the existence of angels or spirits, let alone the reality of resurrection +1vAyDHq5d_k-00014-00008061-00008561 since it is not explicitly mentioned in the five books. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00015-00008561-00009078 And they knew Jesus had been teaching about resurrection. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00016-00009078-00009667 One day they approached Jesus and wanted to know about the life after death. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00017-00009667-00010482 As an example they cited a fictitious story of a woman who married a man who later died. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00018-00010482-00011100 In accordance with the Law of Moses her husband's brother took her as his wife in order to produce +1vAyDHq5d_k-00019-00011100-00011622 a child and continue his dead brother's lineage, Deuteronomy (25:5-10). +1vAyDHq5d_k-00020-00011622-00011986 But he too died shortly afterwards. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00021-00011986-00012248 This happened with all seven brothers. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00022-00012248-00012819 The Sadducees' question therefore was, at the resurrection whose wife would she be since +1vAyDHq5d_k-00023-00012819-00013304 all of them were married to her? +1vAyDHq5d_k-00024-00013304-00013676 Jesus corrected the Sadducees on two fronts. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00025-00013676-00014260 First, the Sadducees had a far too simplistic view of resurrection. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00026-00014260-00014869 They thought that life after death would be an extension of earthy life. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00027-00014869-00015398 That's to say that the resurrected people will continue to enjoy all the pleasures, +1vAyDHq5d_k-00028-00015398-00015887 such as marital relationships, they had on earth. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00029-00015887-00016548 But Jesus reminded them that resurrection is a gift from God, awarded to those "who +1vAyDHq5d_k-00030-00016548-00016777 are deemed worthy". +1vAyDHq5d_k-00031-00016777-00017317 Those deemed worthy are no longer subject to death, because they are like angels, and +1vAyDHq5d_k-00032-00017317-00017486 they are the children of God. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00033-00017486-00018111 Hence, at the resurrection, there will not be any physical relationship with one another +1vAyDHq5d_k-00034-00018111-00018445 let alone marriage in heaven. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00035-00018445-00019097 Second, to the Sadducees, the resurrection appeared ridiculous because they believed +1vAyDHq5d_k-00036-00019097-00019592 that with death, man's exsistence came to an end. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00037-00019592-00020283 But Jesus explained the belief in resurrection by quoting their scriptures, Exodus (3:6). +1vAyDHq5d_k-00038-00020283-00020990 He reminded them when God had manifested Himself to Moses in the burning bush, He identified +1vAyDHq5d_k-00039-00020990-00021628 Himself, "I am the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the +1vAyDHq5d_k-00040-00021628-00021878 God of Jacob." +1vAyDHq5d_k-00041-00021878-00022507 It means that Moses' ancestors who had died hundreds of years ago were still alive in +1vAyDHq5d_k-00042-00022507-00022609 God. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00043-00022609-00023265 That's to say, the relationship that God had established with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob +1vAyDHq5d_k-00044-00023265-00023784 while they were on earth continued even after death. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00045-00023784-00024081 They are alive in God. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00046-00024081-00024448 What is the message for us? +1vAyDHq5d_k-00047-00024448-00025046 The fact that the Sadducees denied there is resurrection of the Body was nothing new. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00048-00025046-00025923 Long before Jesus' time a man named Job asked the big question, "Can a dead come back to +1vAyDHq5d_k-00049-00025923-00026089 life?", Job (14:14). +1vAyDHq5d_k-00050-00026089-00026694 This same question remains to this day - Is this life all that there is? +1vAyDHq5d_k-00051-00026694-00026953 Or is there life beyond the grave? +1vAyDHq5d_k-00052-00026953-00027768 What would life be like if truly there was life after death? +1vAyDHq5d_k-00053-00027768-00028327 We cannot bring ourselves to believe in a life beyond death because it is very difficult +1vAyDHq5d_k-00054-00028327-00028895 for us, with our limited human intelligence, to understand it. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00055-00028895-00029393 I don't think any of us can fully grasp or explain it to others. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00056-00029393-00029824 We can only imagine what it will be like. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00057-00029824-00030375 Some people imagine it as a beautiful place with endless good times. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00058-00030375-00030989 Others imagine it as a place where there will be no sickness, suffering or pain but only +1vAyDHq5d_k-00059-00030989-00031199 peace and joy. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00060-00031199-00031844 But, the ultimate proof that there is resurrection comes from the Lord Jesus Himself from His +1vAyDHq5d_k-00061-00031844-00032422 own victory over death when he rose from the tomb. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00062-00032422-00033068 After being put to death, Jesus literally, physically rose again from the dead, appeared +1vAyDHq5d_k-00063-00033068-00033727 to his disciples, talked to them, dined with them and performed miracles before He finally +1vAyDHq5d_k-00064-00033727-00034134 ascended to heaven. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00065-00034134-00034647 The apostle Paul declares in his first letter to the Corinthians (15:13-18), "If there is +1vAyDHq5d_k-00066-00034647-00035308 no resurrection of the dead, then Christ cannot have been raised either, and if Christ has +1vAyDHq5d_k-00067-00035308-00036111 not been raised, then our preaching is without substance, and so... is your faith pointless +1vAyDHq5d_k-00068-00036111-00036562 and you have not, after all, been released from your sins. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00069-00036562-00037121 In addition, those who have fallen asleep in Christ are utterly lost." +1vAyDHq5d_k-00070-00037121-00037424 Yes. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00071-00037424-00037900 As the apostle Paul tells us, without the resurrection of Jesus Christ, there is no +1vAyDHq5d_k-00072-00037900-00038153 such thing as the Christian faith. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00073-00038153-00038816 It is so important that the Church has included it in the Profession of Faith. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00074-00038816-00039744 We confess every week that we believe in the resurrection of the body and life everlasting. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00075-00039744-00040383 Before Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead, he exclaimed: I am the resurrection and the +1vAyDHq5d_k-00076-00040383-00041146 life; he who believes in me, though he dies, yet shall he live, and whoever lives and believes +1vAyDHq5d_k-00077-00041146-00041341 in me shall never die. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00078-00041341-00041734 Do you believe this, John (11:25)? +1vAyDHq5d_k-00079-00041734-00042062 Today Jesus asks us the same question. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00080-00042062-00042399 "Do you believe in the resurrection?" +1vAyDHq5d_k-00081-00042399-00043168 Jesus' reply to the Sadducees in today's text is an invitation for us, Christians, to approach +1vAyDHq5d_k-00082-00043168-00043519 the resurrection of the body with a genuine faith. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00083-00043519-00044191 We must believe in it even though we do not understand how it takes place. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00084-00044191-00044875 Jesus affirms that there is a resurrection after which, our life will be much different +1vAyDHq5d_k-00085-00044875-00045188 from what we think it will be. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00086-00045188-00045600 He says that we'll be transfigured. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00087-00045600-00046003 That everything - our life and our relationships will be changed. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00088-00046003-00046252 We will just be the children of God. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00089-00046252-00046419 We will be angels. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00090-00046419-00046630 We will no longer die. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00091-00046630-00047050 We will never be separated from God again after death. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00092-00047050-00047659 Like Jesus, we too will have a resurrected body. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00093-00047659-00047887 We will be alive in God. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00094-00047887-00048613 Let us all, therefore, live a life that God deems us worthy of the resurrection and of +1vAyDHq5d_k-00095-00048613-00048803 His kingdom. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00096-00048803-00048903 Amen. +1vAyDHq5d_k-00097-00048903-00048996 God Bless You! +1x_VIeMDyko-00000-00000112-00000561 So, thank you so much, Matt, for inviting me here. +1x_VIeMDyko-00001-00000766-00001449 Or for rather consenting in when I said, "Hey, I'm coming to LA. Can I stop in Arizona?" +1x_VIeMDyko-00002-00001726-00002129 Thank you for making room for me here, and thank you, everybody, for coming out. +1x_VIeMDyko-00003-00002243-00002768 So, this is actually the first event; the book came out in August, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00004-00002844-00003419 So, it came out when school was in session. So, this is my first opportunity to actually speak to an audience of creative writing +1x_VIeMDyko-00005-00003577-00003777 Students and faculty, +1x_VIeMDyko-00006-00003853-00004250 which is, you know, which is really exciting to me because, in some ways like that, you know, this is +1x_VIeMDyko-00007-00004336-00004553 Part of who the book is addressed to, +1x_VIeMDyko-00008-00004632-00004919 And it's also addressed to myself as a former +1x_VIeMDyko-00009-00005017-00005589 creative writing student, So, I'm gonna read a little bit from the part of the book that is +1x_VIeMDyko-00010-00005703-00005818 about, +1x_VIeMDyko-00011-00005818-00006018 most directly about craft, +1x_VIeMDyko-00012-00006118-00006747 And about... It's really about sort of an instance of craft, and an instance of editing +1x_VIeMDyko-00013-00006804-00007145 That had a huge effect on American fiction, +1x_VIeMDyko-00014-00007248-00007431 and +1x_VIeMDyko-00015-00007431-00008066 I'll just... This is from an essay called "Beautiful Shame," or "What We Talk about When We Talk about White Writing," and +1x_VIeMDyko-00016-00008236-00008570 I'm just gonna... The essay is way, way too long to read the whole thing, +1x_VIeMDyko-00017-00008604-00008993 So I'm just going to read a little bit of the first part that +1x_VIeMDyko-00018-00009031-00009479 Lays out sort of the first part of the argument, and then, I hope, we can just talk from there. +1x_VIeMDyko-00019-00009514-00009890 So, "Beautiful Shame," or "What We Talk about When We Talk about White Writing." +1x_VIeMDyko-00020-00009979-00010184 Here is the voice of a man telling a story. +1x_VIeMDyko-00021-00010246-00010518 The man is a doctor; the story is about one of his patients, +1x_VIeMDyko-00022-00010531-00011268 an elderly rancher who along with his wife has barely survived a terrible car accident. Their names are Henry and Anna Gates. +1x_VIeMDyko-00023-00011322-00011792 Because of their injuries, they have to recover in separate rooms, and Henry becomes severely depressed, +1x_VIeMDyko-00024-00011793-00012093 even while knowing Anna is nearby and on the mend. +1x_VIeMDyko-00025-00012150-00012782 When the doctor, Herb, visits him, Henry insists on telling him about his ranch outside Bend, +1x_VIeMDyko-00026-00012782-00013109 Oregon, where he’s lived with Anna since their marriage in +1x_VIeMDyko-00027-00013165-00013656 1927. So, this is a quote from the story. "We had a Victrola and some records, doctor. +1x_VIeMDyko-00028-00013656-00014192 We'd play the Victrola every night, and listen to the records and dance there in the living room. We do that every night. +1x_VIeMDyko-00029-00014260-00014960 Sometimes, it'd be snowing outside, and the temperature down below zero. The temperature really drops on you there in January or February. +1x_VIeMDyko-00030-00015001-00015549 But we’d listen to the records and dance in our stocking feet in the living room until we’d gone through all the records. And +1x_VIeMDyko-00031-00015562-00015984 then I’d build up the fire and turn out the lights, all but one, and we’d go to bed. +1x_VIeMDyko-00032-00015988-00016544 Some nights it’d be snowing, and it’d be so still outside you could hear the snow falling. It's true, Doc," +1x_VIeMDyko-00033-00016545-00016732 He said, you can do that. +1x_VIeMDyko-00034-00016732-00017321 Sometimes you can hear the snow falling. If you're quiet and your mind is clear and you're a peace with yourself and all things, +1x_VIeMDyko-00035-00017341-00017561 You can lay in the dark and hear it snow." +1x_VIeMDyko-00036-00017797-00017997 Viewed within a piece of contemporary fiction, +1x_VIeMDyko-00037-00018028-00018657 the feeling of this passage is one of density, or richness: a density of detail and lived experience, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00038-00018706-00019332 maybe a little too much sententiousness: Henry Gates here feels a little too wise and folksy for his own good. On +1x_VIeMDyko-00039-00019351-00019722 the other hand, who would object to the haunting image of hearing the snow falling, +1x_VIeMDyko-00040-00019744-00020082 the inner and outer quietness required for that kind of listening? +1x_VIeMDyko-00041-00020122-00020492 For Herb, the doctor, in the context of a conversation about modern love, +1x_VIeMDyko-00042-00020506-00021020 It's a moment of historical awe. of embeddedness in the passage of time in the American West-- +1x_VIeMDyko-00043-00021106-00021429 Specifically the history of white settlement in the high deserts of Oregon, +1x_VIeMDyko-00044-00021445-00022041 which required enormous effort, because the land itself was "unyielding," in resource terms, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00045-00022090-00022379 Isolation, because very few settlers wanted to stay there. +1x_VIeMDyko-00046-00022435-00022820 The richness of Gates's language carries what might be called a spatiotemporal +1x_VIeMDyko-00047-00022870-00023397 Awareness of this moment: the sheer loneliness and strangeness, the perversity and beauty of that way of life, +1x_VIeMDyko-00048-00023422-00023858 Which few descendants of settlers (like me) remember. Or want to. +1x_VIeMDyko-00049-00023917-00024401 In this case, it's clear exactly who would object to this passage, in all its dimensions. +1x_VIeMDyko-00050-00024420-00024728 The story quoted here is Raymond Carver's "Beginners," +1x_VIeMDyko-00051-00024751-00025226 better known as the first draft of "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love." +1x_VIeMDyko-00052-00025282-00025482 In "What We Talk About," +1x_VIeMDyko-00053-00025557-00025952 Intensely compressed by Carver's editor, friend, and mentor Gordon Lish, +1x_VIeMDyko-00054-00026002-00026781 Henry and Anna no longer have names, and their recovery is described by the doctor—now named Mel—in a single, offhand +1x_VIeMDyko-00055-00026855-00027414 Quote: "I’d get up to his mouth-hole, you know, and he’d say no, it wasn’t the accident exactly +1x_VIeMDyko-00056-00027414-00027966 but it was because he couldn’t see her through his eye-holes. He said that was what was making him feel so bad. +1x_VIeMDyko-00057-00027991-00028620 Can you imagine? I’m telling you, the man’s heart was breaking because he couldn’t turn his goddamn head and see his goddamn wife. +1x_VIeMDyko-00058-00028736-00029031 What exactly is lost in this gesture of editing? +1x_VIeMDyko-00059-00029093-00029713 Obviously, the density and richness of Henry Gates’s speech, and the governing metaphor of the audibly falling snow. +1x_VIeMDyko-00060-00029764-00030483 The story has lost the ability to pass out of Herb's (or Mel's) world and into the world of the remote Oregon plains of 1927. +1x_VIeMDyko-00061-00030550-00031218 Lish’s version, on the other hand, is much more sonically and structurally interesting: there’s the weird repetition of “holes,” +1x_VIeMDyko-00062-00031270-00031860 making the injured man seem more material and less human, and then, in the next sentence, the odd repetitive construction, +1x_VIeMDyko-00063-00031877-00032575 "that was what was." And then: "turn his goddamn head" and "see his goddamn wife." The rest of the text of the story (both the first draft and final) +1x_VIeMDyko-00064-00032624-00033343 Features relatively short and terse paragraphs like this one; Lish's edit removes what was a tonal and linguistic detour and +1x_VIeMDyko-00065-00033403-00034134 consolidates Herb's/Mel's account into the overall narrative rhythm. The effect of this kind of composition appears even more clearly in +1x_VIeMDyko-00066-00034153-00034344 Raymond Carver's story "View Finder," +1x_VIeMDyko-00067-00034344-00034650 Which is also from the same book "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love." +1x_VIeMDyko-00068-00034700-00035220 This story begins, "A man without hands came to the door to sell me a photograph of my house": +1x_VIeMDyko-00069-00035290-00035820 "How did you lose your hands?" I asked, after he'd said what he wanted. "That's another story," +1x_VIeMDyko-00070-00035821-00036075 He said. "You want this picture of the house or not?" +1x_VIeMDyko-00071-00036134-00036663 "Come on in," I said. "I just made coffee." I just made some jello, too, but I didn't tell him that. +1x_VIeMDyko-00072-00036743-00037231 It's a story phrased almost like a joke without a punchline: a story made of non sequiturs, +1x_VIeMDyko-00073-00037291-00037484 inhabited by characters who seem +1x_VIeMDyko-00074-00037484-00037950 (Like Beckett's characters) to have had little experience making casual conversation. +1x_VIeMDyko-00075-00037994-00038379 When I reread "View Finder"--a story I first read twenty-five years ago-- +1x_VIeMDyko-00076-00038440-00038605 when I reread "View Finder," +1x_VIeMDyko-00077-00038605-00039205 I still feel a sense of giddy satisfaction, almost glee, at the gnomic declarative bravado of these sentences. +1x_VIeMDyko-00078-00039241-00039834 There's a deeply American sense of strangeness tinged with a faint malice toward the audience, a new artistic +1x_VIeMDyko-00079-00039859-00040182 invention announcing itself with no supplementary explanation. +1x_VIeMDyko-00080-00040219-00040749 It's the same spirit you hear in Ornette Coleman's early albums, or Frank Zappa, or Captain Beefheart. +1x_VIeMDyko-00081-00040761-00041493 I tend to think of the nineties noise-rock band Jesus Lizard, whose singer, David Yow, intoned lines like "He's a nice guy, +1x_VIeMDyko-00082-00041520-00041720 I like him just fine... but he's a mouth breather." +1x_VIeMDyko-00083-00041809-00042060 There's a quality in Raymond Carver's early work +1x_VIeMDyko-00084-00042060-00042723 That is a very American version of the "uncanny," which Freud, using the German equivalent unheimlich, +1x_VIeMDyko-00085-00042724-00043368 "unhomely," describes as something both deeply familiar and troublingly estranged from the familiar, +1x_VIeMDyko-00086-00043429-00043863 haunting because it is recognizable but somehow altered or doubled. +1x_VIeMDyko-00087-00043930-00044499 Uncanny or unheimlich things have a strange, sometimes hypnotic power over the reader, which she may be at a loss to explain. +1x_VIeMDyko-00088-00044563-00045171 This quality is often called "Caveresque," but the historical record demonstrates it's largely Lish. +1x_VIeMDyko-00089-00045220-00045588 There is an agonized letter Carver wrote to Lish on July 8, +1x_VIeMDyko-00090-00045658-00046236 1980, begging him to stop production of the edited version of "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love." +1x_VIeMDyko-00091-00046318-00046854 "Even though they may be closer to works of art than the original and people be reading them 50 years from now, +1x_VIeMDyko-00092-00046864-00047520 they're still apt to cause my demise," Carver writes. "I feel I've somehow too far stepped out of bounds, crossed the line." +1x_VIeMDyko-00093-00047584-00047793 He requests, +1x_VIeMDyko-00094-00047851-00048411 Among other changes, that Henry and Anna Gates be added back to "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love." +1x_VIeMDyko-00095-00048469-00048969 None of which actually happened; the book was published, as is, and became an enormous success, +1x_VIeMDyko-00096-00049036-00049683 Further cementing Carver's reputation as a master of the short story, an American Chekhov. +1x_VIeMDyko-00097-00049683-00049883 It was the beginning of the end of their relationship: +1x_VIeMDyko-00098-00049918-00050457 not long after this episode, Carver began to refuse Lish's edits, and eventually cut ties with him altogether. +1x_VIeMDyko-00099-00050551-00050964 The Carver-Lish dispute is almost always described as a stylistic, +1x_VIeMDyko-00100-00051001-00051546 editorial disagreement: which version, which choice, is "better" or "worse"; which edits "serve the story"? +1x_VIeMDyko-00101-00051619-00052404 Lingering over this kind of questioning is the question of efficacy and worldly success: were Lish's changes the magic formula that made Carver Carver? +1x_VIeMDyko-00102-00052483-00052704 Lish himself think so: in a recent interview, +1x_VIeMDyko-00103-00052704-00053139 he said, "I think the heroising of Carver is nuts. As is the defense. +1x_VIeMDyko-00104-00053164-00053802 You take any cherished object and show, No, no, that was made by Morty Shmulevitch on a lunch break as a full-time jeweller, +1x_VIeMDyko-00105-00053810-00054312 it's unacceptable to the fans. Nobody can quiet process it, conceive of the case." +1x_VIeMDyko-00106-00054379-00054579 Typically the narrative goes something like this: +1x_VIeMDyko-00107-00054635-00054882 Carver's earlier drafts were baggy, overwritten, +1x_VIeMDyko-00108-00054925-00055509 conventional, maudlin, sentimental, and Lish bravely cut them, killing Carver's darlings, making them "tight," +1x_VIeMDyko-00109-00055591-00055744 economical, "haunting," +1x_VIeMDyko-00110-00055744-00056472 "telegraphic." This language--more or less the language of the fiction-writing workshop, of the lit biz--is itself highly coded and +1x_VIeMDyko-00111-00056500-00056907 telegraphic. It implies values rarely if ever directly stated. Even +1x_VIeMDyko-00112-00056950-00057687 Carver himself, in his desperate letter, seems reluctant to say what he means, using vague euphemisms instead: "stepped too far out of bounds, +1x_VIeMDyko-00113-00057718-00057918 crossed over that line." +1x_VIeMDyko-00114-00057925-00058611 When a work of art seems deliberately self-obscuring and opaque, it's always worth asking: what is being hidden, and why? +1x_VIeMDyko-00115-00058675-00059097 When a process of art making seems consumed with obscuration and secrecy, again: +1x_VIeMDyko-00116-00059123-00059553 why? In the workshops and in the books I read obsessively as a young writer, +1x_VIeMDyko-00117-00059602-00060117 editing was described in such violent and intimate terms that it became clear to me--though +1x_VIeMDyko-00118-00060117-00060855 I never would have said so at the time--the the excised material, the "fat," was metaphorically part of my body, my selfhood, +1x_VIeMDyko-00119-00060855-00061051 which meant the story was my whole body. +1x_VIeMDyko-00120-00061051-00061260 "This essay needs to be put on a diet," +1x_VIeMDyko-00121-00061297-00061875 one of my very first writing teachers said to the class, when I was thirteen. I've struggled with my weight since high school, +1x_VIeMDyko-00122-00061879-00062601 so I'm particularly attuned to this correlation: you cut away the parts of the story body you're most ashamed of, the parts you want +1x_VIeMDyko-00123-00062601-00062779 no one to see. +1x_VIeMDyko-00124-00062779-00062979 Which leads to another question: +1x_VIeMDyko-00125-00062983-00063519 what was it about the specificity of Raymond Carver's version of "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love" +1x_VIeMDyko-00126-00063532-00063777 that hurt so much when Lish cut it away-- +1x_VIeMDyko-00127-00063826-00064452 so much so that it threatened his sobriety, his carefully reconstructed life, his ability ever to write again? +1x_VIeMDyko-00128-00064513-00065166 Think of Henry Gates as part of Carver's body, as one body substituted for or superimposed over another. +1x_VIeMDyko-00129-00065233-00065583 bring the silence and the almost-imperceptible sound of the snow falling, +1x_VIeMDyko-00130-00065617-00066280 which is also the knowledge that the nearest neighbour is twenty miles away over dirt roads, +1x_VIeMDyko-00131-00066281-00066877 and they can easily be misread as "self-reliance," and you have a specific instance of whiteness made visible-- +1x_VIeMDyko-00132-00066957-00067279 painfully, embarrassingly, even sentimentally visible. Or +1x_VIeMDyko-00133-00067344-00068057 cut it away, drench it in feedback, lose the name and the story, turn the sufferer into an object with holes for mouth and eyes. +1x_VIeMDyko-00134-00068114-00068383 More than one kind of violence is at work here. +1x_VIeMDyko-00135-00068570-00068742 "I don't want to communicate." +1x_VIeMDyko-00136-00068742-00069407 Gordon Lish said, speaking of his faith in sentences, in a 2015 interview with the scholar David Winters. “I +1x_VIeMDyko-00137-00069438-00070090 want communion. I want mutuality. I want to enter the being of the other. I want unimprovable +1x_VIeMDyko-00138-00070145-00070293 illumination." +1x_VIeMDyko-00139-00070293-00070901 Although Lish has never stayed long in a single institution, and never anchored an MFA program, +1x_VIeMDyko-00140-00070901-00071386 he has probably had more influence than any other single teacher of fiction in the last fifty years, +1x_VIeMDyko-00141-00071451-00071665 thanks to a series of remarkable seminars +1x_VIeMDyko-00142-00071666-00072127 he’s conducted in exactly the same way, by all accounts, since the 1970s. +1x_VIeMDyko-00143-00072152-00072508 These seminars are founded on a technique called “consecution,” +1x_VIeMDyko-00144-00072527-00072886 which is summed by his longtime student Gary Lutz: +1x_VIeMDyko-00145-00072936-00073396 “A recursive procedure by which one word pursues itself into its successor by +1x_VIeMDyko-00146-00073416-00073754 discharging something from deep within itself into what follows.” Or, +1x_VIeMDyko-00147-00073820-00074152 even more pithily, by another former student, Christine Schutt: +1x_VIeMDyko-00148-00074172-00074747 "Each sentence is extruded from the previous sentence; look behind when you are writing, not ahead... +1x_VIeMDyko-00149-00074787-00075202 The sentence that follows is always in response to the sentence that came before." +1x_VIeMDyko-00150-00075332-00075703 The faith Lish professes—and it’s clearly a faith— +1x_VIeMDyko-00151-00075735-00076252 has to do with an immanent quality of words and sentences, a kind of radical non-instrumentalism, +1x_VIeMDyko-00152-00076305-00076645 which insists on treating words not as dependent on what they refer to, +1x_VIeMDyko-00153-00076694-00076969 but as entirely self-sufficient and beautiful in themselves. +1x_VIeMDyko-00154-00076992-00077515 A good sentence, for Lish, is one which actually carries with it “the being of the other.” +1x_VIeMDyko-00155-00077558-00077863 Its meaning, literal or figurative, is beside the point. +1x_VIeMDyko-00156-00077922-00078122 "What the hell is wrong with solipsism?" He says to Winters. +1x_VIeMDyko-00157-00078267-00078869 "What I want when I'm home in the presence of a writer is that person's soul. The more solipsistic the better." "A +1x_VIeMDyko-00158-00078924-00079420 story," he's quoted as saying, "must be about what it is about, and continue to be about +1x_VIeMDyko-00159-00079481-00079681 what it is about." +1x_VIeMDyko-00160-00079869-00080441 To me the most interesting way to see Lish is not necessarily the way he sees himself—as +1x_VIeMDyko-00161-00080472-00080957 an otherworldly mystic, or a defender of a lost humanism overwhelmed by science— +1x_VIeMDyko-00162-00080988-00081656 but instead as a highly social thinker whose practice of literary aphasia is also kind of social aphasia, +1x_VIeMDyko-00163-00081693-00082127 the deliberate exclusion of a certain kind of reference, observation, or sign. +1x_VIeMDyko-00164-00082200-00082961 Virtually every writer closely associated with Lish’s teaching and editorial style is white—from writers whose heyday was in the 1980s, like +1x_VIeMDyko-00165-00082961-00083672 Carver and Amy Hempel and Barry Hannah, to writers very much still active and influential today: Schutt, +1x_VIeMDyko-00166-00083679-00084146 Diane Williams, Noy Holland, Sam Lipsyte, Deb Olin Unferth, Ben Marcus. +1x_VIeMDyko-00167-00084192-00084590 The writers Lish promoted so forcefully at the beginning of their careers-- +1x_VIeMDyko-00168-00084616-00085110 Don DeLillo, Cormac McCarthy, Harold Brodkey, T. C. Boyle--are all white. +1x_VIeMDyko-00169-00085149-00085499 While the last four decades have seen the emergence of “multicultural literature”— +1x_VIeMDyko-00170-00085563-00086222 that ambivalent phrase, full of coded resentment—as a significant, even dominant, element of the American literary scene, +1x_VIeMDyko-00171-00086250-00086846 Lish has operated in a parallel aesthetic universe that deals neither in culture nor multiplicity. +1x_VIeMDyko-00172-00086868-00087143 You could call this a practice of conscious exclusion, +1x_VIeMDyko-00173-00087143-00087467 but not in the way it may sound. +1x_VIeMDyko-00174-00087510-00088073 Whether Lish deliberately avoided working with nonwhite writers is a significant question for his biographers. +1x_VIeMDyko-00175-00088104-00088892 What concerns me—because I was taught it, and absorbed it, long before I’d ever heard his name—is how his aesthetic so easily +1x_VIeMDyko-00176-00088917-00089687 translates into a practice of shame, rooted in the white body, that makes it so difficult for white writers to recognize race at all. +1x_VIeMDyko-00177-00089760-00089960 Okay, I'll stop there. +1x_VIeMDyko-00178-00090614-00091039 So, questions, thoughts, comments? +1x_VIeMDyko-00179-00091532-00091732 Yeah. +1x_VIeMDyko-00180-00092726-00092926 Talk about what? [UKNOWN]. +1x_VIeMDyko-00181-00093612-00094376 Yes, so what I'm talking about here is a particular kind of shame that is rooted in the workshop that has to do with +1x_VIeMDyko-00182-00094422-00094622 the relationship between, +1x_VIeMDyko-00183-00094958-00095536 Essentially, the material that you are supposed to leave out, and the material that you're supposed to leave in. +1x_VIeMDyko-00184-00095576-00095806 So, in the case of somebody like Gordon Lish, +1x_VIeMDyko-00185-00095888-00096088 essentially, the +1x_VIeMDyko-00186-00096101-00096619 practice of writing that he's taught ever since the 1970s has to do with +1x_VIeMDyko-00187-00096786-00097015 Excising anything that, +1x_VIeMDyko-00188-00097151-00097387 culturally, or historically, or +1x_VIeMDyko-00189-00097530-00097747 socially locates the individual. +1x_VIeMDyko-00190-00097907-00098140 So, the turn is a way from +1x_VIeMDyko-00191-00098304-00098798 Thinking about a person's social reality at all to a kind of aphasic +1x_VIeMDyko-00192-00098988-00099307 Representation of thoughts or actions as +1x_VIeMDyko-00193-00099372-00099947 Happening in this kind of very empty space. And so that's a, you know, that's +1x_VIeMDyko-00194-00100029-00100268 an aesthetic of shame and, +1x_VIeMDyko-00195-00100332-00100723 you know, what's really interesting to me about it is that it's so +1x_VIeMDyko-00196-00100866-00101186 portable in a sense. Like, +1x_VIeMDyko-00197-00101414-00101902 Once you start, and this is, you know, this is the way I experience, this is somebody who, I never studied with Lish +1x_VIeMDyko-00198-00102069-00102269 Myself, but I was... +1x_VIeMDyko-00199-00102279-00102551 It became clear to me, you know, after I had taken +1x_VIeMDyko-00200-00102611-00102811 multiple creative writing workshops +1x_VIeMDyko-00201-00102857-00103111 that this idea that +1x_VIeMDyko-00202-00103241-00103834 You were supposed to be always constantly looking for ways to cut your work down +1x_VIeMDyko-00203-00103943-00104707 Was a kind of shame-based methodology, and then you had to ask, like, what is it about this +1x_VIeMDyko-00204-00104769-00104969 sort of work ethic of +1x_VIeMDyko-00205-00105027-00105247 always reducing, reducing, reducing. +1x_VIeMDyko-00206-00105335-00105535 What is that really +1x_VIeMDyko-00207-00105576-00105946 perpetuating, you know, what is that +1x_VIeMDyko-00208-00106023-00106223 encouragement to constantly, +1x_VIeMDyko-00209-00106263-00106510 You know, to constantly be stripping your work down? +1x_VIeMDyko-00210-00106583-00107086 What is it that's being asked to, you know, to be left out, and oftentimes in the writing workshop, +1x_VIeMDyko-00211-00107175-00107596 It essentially means, you know, what it's essentially meant is stripping away +1x_VIeMDyko-00212-00107844-00108115 Cultural context or anything that would, +1x_VIeMDyko-00213-00108201-00108401 That locates the story +1x_VIeMDyko-00214-00108438-00108968 In a particular linguistic community, or linguistic background, or an ethnic community. +1x_VIeMDyko-00215-00108986-00109400 All of that is the material that's supposed to be excised. Does that make sense? +1x_VIeMDyko-00216-00111402-00111602 Well, look at the room we're in. +1x_VIeMDyko-00217-00111785-00111878 So, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00218-00111878-00112663 so, the most, I think, the most basic point is exactly that. It's to start noticing +1x_VIeMDyko-00219-00112821-00113506 who's in the room when you're having these conversations, and how the conversations change depending on who is in the room, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00220-00113613-00114136 You know, whose perspectives are being represented, and whose perspectives aren't, so, it's, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00221-00114136-00114557 so, the most basic thing, I think, is just the practice of +1x_VIeMDyko-00222-00114608-00114808 noticing +1x_VIeMDyko-00223-00115005-00115573 Who's included in conversations, and who's not. That's one thing, but the other, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00224-00115574-00115897 the reason why I chose this passage in particular is because it's about +1x_VIeMDyko-00225-00116009-00116342 the way I learned how to workshop, +1x_VIeMDyko-00226-00116510-00116942 Which was, so much about it was, you know, it was so much about +1x_VIeMDyko-00227-00117024-00117198 this, +1x_VIeMDyko-00228-00117198-00117449 This idea that whatever you bring to the workshop +1x_VIeMDyko-00229-00117525-00117970 has to be, you know, that there's always going to be something wrong with it, +1x_VIeMDyko-00230-00118033-00118424 And that the point of the workshop is to tell you what's wrong with it, +1x_VIeMDyko-00231-00118533-00118930 And that, you know, that is a... That's something that, I think, is... +1x_VIeMDyko-00232-00119148-00119348 It's, you know, it's so deeply, +1x_VIeMDyko-00233-00119421-00119550 like, +1x_VIeMDyko-00234-00119550-00120125 encoded in this sort of the whole practice of the workshop that what I would hope, and I'm, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00235-00120125-00120191 I'm certainly not +1x_VIeMDyko-00236-00120191-00120467 The only one, is that it draws, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00237-00120467-00121162 It draws attention to the question of whether creative writing workshops, as they're normatively practiced, need to exist at all, +1x_VIeMDyko-00238-00121167-00121349 and whether they, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00239-00121349-00122080 Whether what happens, the kind of teaching that goes on in creative writing programs needs to depend on the practice of the workshop. +1x_VIeMDyko-00240-00122081-00122281 You know, per se. +1x_VIeMDyko-00241-00122358-00122558 Yeah. David, right? +1x_VIeMDyko-00242-00126563-00126736 I'm curious. +1x_VIeMDyko-00243-00126736-00127218 For you, though, as a teacher of creative writing, particularly with introductory +1x_VIeMDyko-00244-00127298-00127627 Writing classes, like, what model do you... +1x_VIeMDyko-00245-00127898-00128098 Like, what model do you +1x_VIeMDyko-00246-00128129-00128251 Deploy in the classroom? +1x_VIeMDyko-00247-00128251-00128839 I mean, like, sometimes, I, like, begin this conversation, and some of the students, like, feel like they haven't experienced that yet. +1x_VIeMDyko-00248-00128839-00129039 Of course, I think, +1x_VIeMDyko-00249-00130019-00130266 You can't take that away. +1x_VIeMDyko-00250-00130561-00131196 Yeah, you know Matt and I, when we were coming here, we went to the... What is that place called? The coffee, yeah. +1x_VIeMDyko-00251-00131279-00131865 Dutch Brothers. So we went through the drive through Dutch Brothers, and the woman was very friendly, and said, like, "Hey, +1x_VIeMDyko-00252-00131866-00132421 Where are you going? Like, what are you up to?" We said we're going to a talk, an event. "What's it about?" +1x_VIeMDyko-00253-00132421-00132966 It's about writing, and she was like, "I'm the world's worst writer," and Matt said to her, +1x_VIeMDyko-00254-00132967-00133345 "No, you're not," and she said, "My mom wrote all my papers when I was in school," +1x_VIeMDyko-00255-00133394-00133989 And he said, like, "How do you know you're the world's worst writer?" So, like, one very basic thing is, +1x_VIeMDyko-00256-00134186-00134488 And this is something I think about a lot to, like, take away +1x_VIeMDyko-00257-00134561-00134761 the feeling +1x_VIeMDyko-00258-00134879-00135175 of, like, I'm not good enough, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00259-00135263-00135463 the feeling of, +1x_VIeMDyko-00260-00135572-00135966 You know, I'll never be good enough to do this, this rarefied thing, +1x_VIeMDyko-00261-00136139-00136386 And also this, you know, the sense that +1x_VIeMDyko-00262-00136583-00136730 In +1x_VIeMDyko-00263-00136730-00137449 creative, you know, that the point of an introduction to creative writing class is to, +1x_VIeMDyko-00264-00137648-00137907 You know, take these students that are this sort of, like, +1x_VIeMDyko-00265-00137963-00138501 You know, take them, and they're, you know, their state of ignorance or whatever, and to just sort of like turn them, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00266-00138502-00138913 They come out the other end, and they're, like, little Mary Olivers or whatever, you know, like, this, +1x_VIeMDyko-00267-00138913-00139414 you know, that, in other words, like, the way that I promote, I approach in terms of creative writing is +1x_VIeMDyko-00268-00139514-00140175 Offering them a whole wide ring of different approaches to writing, and essentially asking them to +1x_VIeMDyko-00269-00140303-00140503 get out of their comfort zone, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00270-00140540-00140657 to +1x_VIeMDyko-00271-00140657-00141159 Try to to dare themselves to do things that are just radically different from anything +1x_VIeMDyko-00272-00141179-00141781 They've done before, and so that, you know, and that this spent, like, essentially for me +1x_VIeMDyko-00273-00141875-00142288 Giving up the sort of pedagogy that was based on a notion of literary excellence, +1x_VIeMDyko-00274-00142358-00142614 You know, when, for intro students, +1x_VIeMDyko-00275-00142615-00143010 Especially, I think, excellence is just not at all the point. +1x_VIeMDyko-00276-00143042-00143557 Like, I I assign my intro creative writing students the assignment of writing hip-hop lyrics. +1x_VIeMDyko-00277-00143588-00143788 Not because I think they're going to be great at it, +1x_VIeMDyko-00278-00143828-00144408 But because it's such a good way to learn about rhythm, and rhyme, and structure, +1x_VIeMDyko-00279-00144497-00144783 And because some of them might be great at it, and that, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00280-00144784-00145348 I teach in a predominantly white institution, and it makes them so uncomfortable, and that's the point. The point is to +1x_VIeMDyko-00281-00145469-00145669 allow them to +1x_VIeMDyko-00282-00145706-00146316 Have the experience of, like, risking humiliation, which I think is, you know, I think +1x_VIeMDyko-00283-00146420-00146799 That by itself is so important, and it has to do with shame it had, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00284-00146800-00147036 it has to do with, like, the feeling of +1x_VIeMDyko-00285-00147182-00147420 I'm not supposed to be creative in these ways, +1x_VIeMDyko-00286-00147518-00147647 and +1x_VIeMDyko-00287-00147647-00147793 It, you know, so for me, +1x_VIeMDyko-00288-00147793-00148101 It's, like, a lot of it just has to do with, like, moving over the idea of, like, +1x_VIeMDyko-00289-00148124-00148702 Where do I want these students to get to, and it's just starting with them, where they are... +1x_VIeMDyko-00290-00148748-00148948 If that makes... Does that make sense? +1x_VIeMDyko-00291-00150090-00150290 It's safe to write, +1x_VIeMDyko-00292-00150373-00150556 And, +1x_VIeMDyko-00293-00150556-00150863 You know, your personality is doing the kind of work you're talking about it. +1x_VIeMDyko-00294-00150880-00151451 For example, your face in mind is about racial reassignment surgery, and other things I'm thinking about. +1x_VIeMDyko-00295-00151528-00151775 What are the craft choices that would make it? +1x_VIeMDyko-00296-00151861-00152061 Make that engagement, +1x_VIeMDyko-00297-00152482-00153008 And the unpeopled landscape, or ways of, like, avoiding race. Mhm, what are the crafts choices that +1x_VIeMDyko-00298-00153091-00153456 Make that space more fertile, or make, like, our engaging whiteness +1x_VIeMDyko-00299-00153604-00154127 Necessary to write in this way. Yeah, it's... I mean, it's something that I think about all the time because +1x_VIeMDyko-00300-00154318-00154465 That to me is a real conundrum. +1x_VIeMDyko-00301-00154465-00155111 Right. Right, is how to make the... how to come up with ways of teaching creative writing +1x_VIeMDyko-00302-00155185-00155493 That encourage students to get over that boundary, +1x_VIeMDyko-00303-00155593-00156020 And I, you know, it's, I mean, you can do exercises +1x_VIeMDyko-00304-00156142-00156347 that ask your students to... +1x_VIeMDyko-00305-00156466-00156902 You can effectively assign your students to say, write, you know, write about something that includes, +1x_VIeMDyko-00306-00156903-00157491 You know, characters of different backgrounds. And then how do you mark those characters? How do you describe those characters? +1x_VIeMDyko-00307-00157555-00157755 You can be very directive in that way. +1x_VIeMDyko-00308-00157875-00158020 I +1x_VIeMDyko-00309-00158020-00158267 find that one approach +1x_VIeMDyko-00310-00158371-00158901 that works for me is to ask my students about their own work that they've previously +1x_VIeMDyko-00311-00159037-00159220 produced. +1x_VIeMDyko-00312-00159220-00159452 Asked them how they +1x_VIeMDyko-00313-00159604-00159804 come to +1x_VIeMDyko-00314-00159814-00160452 Conceive of the characters. How did they see the characters in their stories? And do they imagine those characters being like them or not +1x_VIeMDyko-00315-00160452-00160642 like them. +1x_VIeMDyko-00316-00160642-00160831 To ask them to, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00317-00160831-00161342 Expand their own sort of frame of reference, and say if they're, like, describing a scene in a sorority. +1x_VIeMDyko-00318-00161389-00161870 Like, to really think about, like, who's at that party in that sorority, like, who's in the sorority? +1x_VIeMDyko-00319-00162094-00162446 And, you know, and how can you bring out more of a sense of +1x_VIeMDyko-00320-00162553-00162872 A diversity of, you know, people that you're describing. +1x_VIeMDyko-00321-00162951-00163151 Yes. [UKNOWN]. +1x_VIeMDyko-00322-00166030-00166230 Absolutely. In this case, in what I'm... [UNKNOWN]. +1x_VIeMDyko-00323-00166432-00166949 With the interaction between Gordon Lish and Raymond Carver, it's very obvious that +1x_VIeMDyko-00324-00167188-00167846 Carver is experiencing intense feelings of emasculation, and intense feelings of something being +1x_VIeMDyko-00325-00167974-00168240 torn away from him. That is, +1x_VIeMDyko-00326-00168367-00168565 You know, that is intensely... +1x_VIeMDyko-00327-00168565-00168845 It's a sort of crisis of masculine control, +1x_VIeMDyko-00328-00168847-00169455 You might say. So, that, to me, the two things you can't separate; the one from the other and in some way, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00329-00169455-00169676 And I'm obviously, I'm the last +1x_VIeMDyko-00330-00169729-00170144 Person to be saying this, this has been said for years, but the ethic of the creative writing workshop +1x_VIeMDyko-00331-00170317-00170876 Can be very masculine [UNKNOWN] that way because it has to do so much with, +1x_VIeMDyko-00332-00171037-00171237 You know, sort of splitting... +1x_VIeMDyko-00333-00171292-00171974 The splitting the relationship between content and form, and sort of making form this singular achievement. +1x_VIeMDyko-00334-00172081-00172281 So, you know, this is a, +1x_VIeMDyko-00335-00172375-00172818 You know, it's such a complicated subject, but I would, you know, on a very basic level, +1x_VIeMDyko-00336-00172906-00173106 I would say that +1x_VIeMDyko-00337-00173161-00173281 the +1x_VIeMDyko-00338-00173281-00173455 question of +1x_VIeMDyko-00339-00173455-00173655 Just noticing who's in the room, +1x_VIeMDyko-00340-00173713-00174020 you know, applies to all kinds of difference, obviously, and, +1x_VIeMDyko-00341-00174103-00174225 You know, that's a, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00342-00174225-00174746 That's a kind of an ethic that, you know, can be... you can look at it from lots of different sources, +1x_VIeMDyko-00343-00174868-00175337 but I often go back to the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas, who wrote about +1x_VIeMDyko-00344-00175399-00176112 the face of the other is the sort of ultimate existential challenge for a person's own subjectivity, and, +1x_VIeMDyko-00345-00176236-00176894 So, one thing that Levinas is constantly asking is who is being excluded, who is not, who is being +1x_VIeMDyko-00346-00176947-00177158 Other, who is being left out of this. +1x_VIeMDyko-00347-00184717-00185264 Yeah, I mean, I write about this a little bit in the intro to White Flights, how much I feel like this book is +1x_VIeMDyko-00348-00185265-00185520 Sort of a continuation of the project of playing in the dark, +1x_VIeMDyko-00349-00185644-00185910 But Toni Morrison stops in... +1x_VIeMDyko-00350-00185986-00186743 She really stops around 1950, and this book picks up in 1970s. So, this book is about 1970 to the present, and, +1x_VIeMDyko-00351-00186820-00187211 you know, I think, the way that you've described is a very good way of describing it that +1x_VIeMDyko-00352-00187291-00187545 What she calls the kind of the haunting of +1x_VIeMDyko-00353-00187630-00188007 the Africanist presence, like, the presence of the +1x_VIeMDyko-00354-00188164-00188754 Black people as this, you know, this image of the unfree, the image of the subjugated. +1x_VIeMDyko-00355-00188839-00189066 You know, after the Civil Rights Movement, +1x_VIeMDyko-00356-00189148-00189340 It's not that +1x_VIeMDyko-00357-00189340-00190008 image becomes much more complicated. And so that's why, I think, that there's so much +1x_VIeMDyko-00358-00190075-00190275 Just avoidance of the subject altogether, +1x_VIeMDyko-00359-00190414-00190647 And so that, and so there's this, +1x_VIeMDyko-00360-00190774-00191157 You know, what you see in a lot of cases. Is this kind of ironic? +1x_VIeMDyko-00361-00191338-00191793 Two sides of the same coin, like, this sort of searching for empty landscapes +1x_VIeMDyko-00362-00191848-00192028 that, you know, were +1x_VIeMDyko-00363-00192028-00192248 sort of, kind of like prelapsarian +1x_VIeMDyko-00364-00192301-00192475 landscapes. Like, land, like, +1x_VIeMDyko-00365-00192475-00192848 Jim Harrison's Legends of the Fall, or something like that. Like, sort of empty +1x_VIeMDyko-00366-00192892-00193368 vistas, often which take place in the past, or a river runs through it is another example. +1x_VIeMDyko-00367-00193411-00193943 Something like that, and then at the other end of the spectrum, you have, like, super, super, hyper +1x_VIeMDyko-00368-00194002-00194200 claustrophobic +1x_VIeMDyko-00369-00194200-00194400 stories, like Anne Tyler, +1x_VIeMDyko-00370-00194440-00195186 Raymond Carver, Lydia Davis, people where they have characters operating in totally claustrophobic small spaces, and so, +1x_VIeMDyko-00371-00195186-00195863 You know, like, what's between, like, the claustrophobic small space, and the, like, empty Vista. Well, it's like everything else. +1x_VIeMDyko-00372-00195880-00196175 It's, like, all that others, you know, all that other, like, uncomfortable stuff, +1x_VIeMDyko-00373-00196176-00196472 like, you know, I go to the grocery store, and all of a sudden, there's +1x_VIeMDyko-00374-00196549-00196971 People speaking languages I don't know in the grocery store. It's like, well, I don't want to write about that, +1x_VIeMDyko-00375-00196971-00197543 So I'm gonna write about this, like, totally enclosed space, or this absolute, you know, sort of empty, +1x_VIeMDyko-00376-00197721-00197930 You know, so it's, you know, it's, +1x_VIeMDyko-00377-00198003-00198458 You know, it's a different kind of... it's like, almost a more polite exclusion, +1x_VIeMDyko-00378-00198574-00198757 whereas, +1x_VIeMDyko-00379-00198757-00198915 You know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00380-00198915-00199697 Morrison writes about people like Faulkner and Poe and Willa Cather, who are authors who were directly +1x_VIeMDyko-00381-00199740-00199887 exposed to +1x_VIeMDyko-00382-00199887-00200168 racist violence in their own lifetimes, you know, Poe +1x_VIeMDyko-00383-00200221-00200410 briefly owned an +1x_VIeMDyko-00384-00200410-00200831 Enslaved person, who was given to him. I think his aunt +1x_VIeMDyko-00385-00200920-00201341 gave this servant, enslaved servant to him, and then +1x_VIeMDyko-00386-00201414-00201995 He apparently sold this person not long thereafter. So, he had direct experience of, +1x_VIeMDyko-00387-00202072-00202674 I mean, was it not only surrounded him, but he was directly implicated in it. And so, you know, he never, well, +1x_VIeMDyko-00388-00202674-00203003 He never wrote about it directly. You can't miss +1x_VIeMDyko-00389-00203064-00203519 The presence of images of darkness and likeness in his work. +1x_VIeMDyko-00390-00203520-00203939 I mean, as Morrison says, you have to work very hard to ignore +1x_VIeMDyko-00391-00204012-00204662 The presence of blackness and prose, and the importance of blackness in Poe's work. So that is, like, that's coming from, like, a, +1x_VIeMDyko-00392-00204789-00205178 You know, that's coming from a context of, like, explicit +1x_VIeMDyko-00393-00205236-00205979 violence and subjugation, and what you see after 1970 is that the explicit violence and subjugation is mostly out of the picture, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00394-00206010-00206213 so, you get a, kind of, a much more, like, +1x_VIeMDyko-00395-00206337-00206999 Psychological posture of, like, of avoidance of, like, I'm just going to look at something else, and pretend that this other thing +1x_VIeMDyko-00396-00207042-00207242 Isn't happening. +1x_VIeMDyko-00397-00207352-00207552 Yeah. [UNKNOWN]. +1x_VIeMDyko-00398-00209052-00209320 Mhm. Can you say a little bit more about what you mean? +1x_VIeMDyko-00399-00213748-00214263 Yes, I mean it's a great question. This is... so, little contemporary fiction is +1x_VIeMDyko-00400-00214333-00214962 Written using omniscient narrators that I'm trying to sort of, like, think, you know, look for examples of that, +1x_VIeMDyko-00401-00215056-00215565 you know, one of the ones that stent that I write about here, that it stands out to me is, +1x_VIeMDyko-00402-00215675-00215970 Well, I can... I would actually maybe point to two examples. +1x_VIeMDyko-00403-00216217-00216441 Jonathan Franzen in a book like The Corrections +1x_VIeMDyko-00404-00216503-00217071 is, you know, he's using a variety of omniscient, you know, he's got lots of different characters, lots of different perspectives, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00405-00217207-00217506 the really striking thing about that book to me is that +1x_VIeMDyko-00406-00217606-00217848 It's this very... It's this omniscient, +1x_VIeMDyko-00407-00217913-00218113 Or seemingly omniscient, +1x_VIeMDyko-00408-00218351-00219042 Narrator, and this very wide spanning view of American society in 1999, +1x_VIeMDyko-00409-00219042-00219561 And there's no people of color anywhere in the story, you know, so they're systematically, +1x_VIeMDyko-00410-00219698-00219969 you know, once you're aware of that, you see how +1x_VIeMDyko-00411-00220261-00220602 Systematically they're excluded from every single scene, you know, restaurants, +1x_VIeMDyko-00412-00220654-00220817 inner-city, Philadelphia +1x_VIeMDyko-00413-00220817-00221296 Cruise ships, St. Louis, New York. It's... how could you do that? +1x_VIeMDyko-00414-00221296-00221950 You know, how could you write about all these spaces in 1999, and have it, you know, entirely focused on my characters? +1x_VIeMDyko-00415-00221950-00222186 It's really, it's almost like a magic trick how he does it. +1x_VIeMDyko-00416-00222244-00222834 So, there's that, and then the other example, I would point to of a novel that uses another kind of, +1x_VIeMDyko-00417-00222914-00223371 You know, kind of, sort of, omniscience is Middlesex, Jeffrey Eugenides's novel. +1x_VIeMDyko-00418-00223496-00223696 Middlesex, in which he employs +1x_VIeMDyko-00419-00223819-00224019 omniscience +1x_VIeMDyko-00420-00224044-00224177 to +1x_VIeMDyko-00421-00224177-00224529 Tell the story of this Greek family, +1x_VIeMDyko-00422-00224632-00225123 Starting in Turkey in the late 19th century, early 20th century, and tracing them +1x_VIeMDyko-00423-00225202-00225648 As they move through, sort of, the steps of immigration and assimilation in America, +1x_VIeMDyko-00424-00225725-00226179 And the whole sort of history of the sort of transmogrification, +1x_VIeMDyko-00425-00226381-00226581 Transmigration, or whatever, of +1x_VIeMDyko-00426-00226671-00226871 Greeks and other southern Europeans +1x_VIeMDyko-00427-00226911-00227091 into white American citizens. +1x_VIeMDyko-00428-00227091-00227592 Like, that's what the book is really is about, and, I think, he uses, I +1x_VIeMDyko-00429-00227617-00228225 would say, he uses omniscience in that book very beautifully to illuminate stories and +1x_VIeMDyko-00430-00228360-00228617 bits of the the family story that +1x_VIeMDyko-00431-00228696-00228906 Wouldn't necessarily have survived +1x_VIeMDyko-00432-00229009-00229697 In the retelling if he didn't sort of, like, go back, and, like, perversely investigate them, you know, using omniscient +1x_VIeMDyko-00433-00229765-00230285 Techniques. I'm not sure if that's a helpful answer, but those are that, you know, those are the books that come to mind. +1x_VIeMDyko-00434-00230367-00230567 Yeah. [UNKNOWN]. +1x_VIeMDyko-00435-00233782-00233987 Well, I wanted this to be about this. +1x_VIeMDyko-00436-00234950-00235150 [UNKNOWN]. I +1x_VIeMDyko-00437-00236664-00236858 Mean, it's interesting, +1x_VIeMDyko-00438-00236858-00237517 You know, that question gets, I think, that question has now probably been asked of every major white American director, +1x_VIeMDyko-00439-00237537-00237737 You know, was asked of the Coen brothers, +1x_VIeMDyko-00440-00237906-00238184 You know, because the question comes, obviously, the question comes up +1x_VIeMDyko-00441-00238281-00238859 In a way now that it never would that it might not have in the, say, in the 1990s or in the 1980s, +1x_VIeMDyko-00442-00238998-00239218 and, you know, it's... I +1x_VIeMDyko-00443-00239310-00239839 Think, there's, you could, say there's sort of different answers in every case, +1x_VIeMDyko-00444-00239840-00240242 but what it, you know, what it demonstrates to me is +1x_VIeMDyko-00445-00240411-00241072 it's not just about the sort of, like, racialized exclusivity of the film business, although that plays a big part of that. +1x_VIeMDyko-00446-00241104-00241522 It's not just about saying, like, "Oh, we're not going to cast these people, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00447-00241523-00242051 we're gonna, like, limit the casting." It's about the vision of those directors, and the vision is +1x_VIeMDyko-00448-00242217-00242417 That, you know, it's the vision of +1x_VIeMDyko-00449-00242546-00242733 an +1x_VIeMDyko-00450-00242733-00242933 exclusionary white +1x_VIeMDyko-00451-00243117-00243613 Context or white artistic vision, you know, in an era when the country +1x_VIeMDyko-00452-00243681-00243819 became +1x_VIeMDyko-00453-00243819-00243998 so much more +1x_VIeMDyko-00454-00243998-00244253 Diverse and racially and culturally complex. +1x_VIeMDyko-00455-00244296-00244646 So, you know, if you look at the Coen brothers, you look at David Lynch, or something like that, +1x_VIeMDyko-00456-00244656-00244954 they have their individual artistic visions, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00457-00245010-00245227 somehow they can only see fit to +1x_VIeMDyko-00458-00245289-00245489 carry out those visions +1x_VIeMDyko-00459-00245646-00245832 Using white subjects. +1x_VIeMDyko-00460-00245832-00246287 So, to me, that means that their work is about whiteness, you know, that they're, like, you can't +1x_VIeMDyko-00461-00246351-00246551 separate the Coen brothers, +1x_VIeMDyko-00462-00246617-00247369 Use of, you know, motifs of the Western or, you know, all the different case, you know, you can't separate that from, +1x_VIeMDyko-00463-00247421-00247621 you know, a body of work, that's about +1x_VIeMDyko-00464-00247740-00247940 whiteness, +1x_VIeMDyko-00465-00247950-00248141 and, you know, that, +1x_VIeMDyko-00466-00248141-00248516 I think, in some ways, like, that's the conversation +1x_VIeMDyko-00467-00248559-00249178 that always gets avoided when it's a, you know, when it's sort of, like, hashtag oscarssowhite blah blah blah, you know all this stuff about +1x_VIeMDyko-00468-00249252-00249469 Casting all that stuff is very, very important, +1x_VIeMDyko-00469-00249542-00249904 But it's equally important to look at these +1x_VIeMDyko-00470-00249984-00250184 major +1x_VIeMDyko-00471-00250206-00250586 Directors or authors or whatever, and simply say well, let's look back at your career, +1x_VIeMDyko-00472-00250586-00250867 You know, your movies. You've made all these movies, you've made all this stuff, +1x_VIeMDyko-00473-00251031-00251231 You know, what does it say +1x_VIeMDyko-00474-00251244-00251611 about how white culture has, +1x_VIeMDyko-00475-00251733-00252101 You know, what culture, especially in film, has differentiated itself, +1x_VIeMDyko-00476-00252129-00252563 and if, you know, if you look at it, and that way like that, you know, David Lynch's movies and +1x_VIeMDyko-00477-00252759-00253169 the kind of the images of, like, horror, and objection, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00478-00253242-00253448 monstrousness in his movies. +1x_VIeMDyko-00479-00253677-00253877 Obviously, takes on a racialized, +1x_VIeMDyko-00480-00253929-00254546 You know, aspect, just like with Poe, like, you know, when the, you know, and it's like this sort of, like, empty +1x_VIeMDyko-00481-00254700-00254900 Hollywood +1x_VIeMDyko-00482-00254934-00255185 Setting, you know, like, late at night and then the +1x_VIeMDyko-00483-00255269-00255769 Woman, like comes around the restaurant, and there's this like, you know, hideous monster, +1x_VIeMDyko-00484-00255783-00256423 well, who is the hideous monster, you know, like, who is the wife you were afraid of it and see, you know, I mean, +1x_VIeMDyko-00485-00256423-00256705 It's just in other words. It just, like, begs that kind of interpretation. +1x_VIeMDyko-00486-00257028-00257281 More questions. Yeah, you had a second question. [UNKNOWN]. +1x_VIeMDyko-00487-00259096-00259732 I guess, that's not, like, colors sort of problem. That's why people's problem +1x_VIeMDyko-00488-00261158-00261317 Both, +1x_VIeMDyko-00489-00261317-00261580 but it's both, but I think +1x_VIeMDyko-00490-00261692-00262342 It's very important to pay attention to the kinds of conversations that happen in +1x_VIeMDyko-00491-00262418-00262618 all white spaces, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00492-00262715-00262915 to, +1x_VIeMDyko-00493-00262936-00263592 When possible, redirect those conversations towards some awareness of, +1x_VIeMDyko-00494-00263774-00263930 You know, the... +1x_VIeMDyko-00495-00263930-00264435 Of the kind of exclusivity, and the kind of ingroup values that are being mirrored in that space, +1x_VIeMDyko-00496-00264545-00265105 And that you and you know, and then hopefully turn that to some consideration of whiteness +1x_VIeMDyko-00497-00265175-00265528 I think that's that's that's that's really essential +1x_VIeMDyko-00498-00265636-00265836 because there's +1x_VIeMDyko-00499-00265865-00266065 there's no way of +1x_VIeMDyko-00500-00266270-00266766 Sort of understanding what Juditch Butler calls the psychic life of power without +1x_VIeMDyko-00501-00266911-00267429 thinking about the subjectivity of people who have power, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00502-00267695-00267895 Hold on to it, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00503-00267920-00268079 aggregate it, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00504-00268079-00268548 Protect it, and maybe apologize for it, and yet protected at the same time. +1x_VIeMDyko-00505-00268670-00269104 You know, so you have to enter into the subjectivity of the people in power. On the other hand, +1x_VIeMDyko-00506-00269246-00269838 you know, if you're thinking about... If you're trying to model a kind of +1x_VIeMDyko-00507-00269906-00270192 new community of understanding and interchange, +1x_VIeMDyko-00508-00270254-00270594 Then you have to take that kind of, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00509-00270608-00271129 awareness of the subjectivity of white privilege, and then put it in conversation with +1x_VIeMDyko-00510-00271188-00271624 Non-white people, you know, so both. Does that make sense? +1x_VIeMDyko-00511-00271692-00271892 Yeah. +1x_VIeMDyko-00512-00271953-00272153 There's much more to be said. +1x_VIeMDyko-00513-00272220-00272854 Yeah, it's, you know, that's it. I mean that's subject. Of course, it goes well beyond, like, literature or creative writing or anything +1x_VIeMDyko-00514-00272855-00273055 That's, like, a larger [UNKNOWN]. +1x_VIeMDyko-00515-00274422-00274593 Yeah. +1x_VIeMDyko-00516-00274593-00274740 Yeah. +1x_VIeMDyko-00517-00274740-00274970 Totally. Yeah, it's, I mean, +1x_VIeMDyko-00518-00275076-00275588 With a lot of the people of color and writers of color that I interact with, +1x_VIeMDyko-00519-00275643-00275926 like, one of their major questions is +1x_VIeMDyko-00520-00276039-00276697 What happens when we're not here, you know, it's like what happens when white people, like, are talking amongst themselves. We're not present +1x_VIeMDyko-00521-00276780-00276903 and, +1x_VIeMDyko-00522-00276903-00277164 I think, that awareness has to do with the fact that, well, the conversation really is different, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00523-00277644-00277867 Things really do get said that +1x_VIeMDyko-00524-00277980-00278180 People don't want to have repeated in public, +1x_VIeMDyko-00525-00278304-00278545 and so, you know, it's really important to +1x_VIeMDyko-00526-00278868-00279593 Sort of, to end that sort of group silence, you know, the sort of... that, like, cordon of +1x_VIeMDyko-00527-00279672-00280211 Well, we're not going to talk about what happened in this meeting, or we're not going to talk about what happened at the bar, +1x_VIeMDyko-00528-00280272-00280520 you know, it's, you know, that is... it's the... +1x_VIeMDyko-00529-00280593-00280822 Sometimes, it's like the casual offhand +1x_VIeMDyko-00530-00280920-00281022 conversations +1x_VIeMDyko-00531-00281022-00281545 That are, like, the most damaging, but also the most illuminating, and, so, that's the kind of stuff that needs to be, +1x_VIeMDyko-00532-00281565-00281765 You know, talked about, +1x_VIeMDyko-00533-00281799-00282026 Made public, which is really, you know, uncomfortable +1x_VIeMDyko-00534-00282135-00282335 and embarrassing. +1x_VIeMDyko-00535-00282479-00282679 Yeah. [UNKNOWN]. +1x_VIeMDyko-00536-00285096-00285544 Great question, how do you get past the defensiveness, the people. How do you get past the +1x_VIeMDyko-00537-00285651-00285982 defensive part of the conversation? I, you know, I +1x_VIeMDyko-00538-00286052-00286232 often think that +1x_VIeMDyko-00539-00286232-00286654 one way to approach that is to ask people to +1x_VIeMDyko-00540-00286805-00287020 Maybe do a little bit of individual writing +1x_VIeMDyko-00541-00287091-00287383 about a circumstance in which they felt +1x_VIeMDyko-00542-00287477-00287579 uncomfortable, +1x_VIeMDyko-00543-00287579-00288187 or a circumstance in which they felt judged or something, and you can even do it in a way that +1x_VIeMDyko-00544-00288225-00288802 distances the question from like questions of you know of race, you know, and then +1x_VIeMDyko-00545-00288905-00289105 Try to get people to +1x_VIeMDyko-00546-00289211-00289585 Talk about their own vulnerabilities, and make clear that, you know, +1x_VIeMDyko-00547-00289585-00289840 Whatever conversation you're having or whatever space that you're creating, +1x_VIeMDyko-00548-00289890-00290380 That it's okay for people to say inappropriate things, and it's okay for them to talk about, +1x_VIeMDyko-00549-00290552-00290842 You know, responses that are... +1x_VIeMDyko-00550-00290913-00291473 That might make them look bad because you're creating a place where people can, +1x_VIeMDyko-00551-00291575-00291817 you know, talk about their racialized selves, and, +1x_VIeMDyko-00552-00291953-00292318 I think, sometimes, if you give people permission to feel uncomfortable, +1x_VIeMDyko-00553-00292400-00292993 Then they become less uncomfortable. You know, if you say, like, you know, nobody's perfect here, +1x_VIeMDyko-00554-00293003-00293662 Everybody has something to contribute, and everybody's experience is valid. Then you sort of give people permission to share. +1x_VIeMDyko-00555-00293753-00294391 It also takes time. You know, it takes, like, you know, it's important to establish relationships, and, +1x_VIeMDyko-00556-00294455-00295231 You know, the problem with, like, sort of one-off diversity workshops often is that, like, they just happen once, and then everyone's like, okay +1x_VIeMDyko-00557-00295286-00295873 Done with that, you know, we're gonna walk on to the rest of our lives. So, you know, it's, I mean, that the most important +1x_VIeMDyko-00558-00296108-00296680 Thing, I think, is to, like, get away from a reactive model. Like, when I was a composition teacher, +1x_VIeMDyko-00559-00296739-00297516 there was a much older composition teacher to my Writing Center who wrote this book about race in the composition classroom. +1x_VIeMDyko-00560-00297516-00297716 She was a very well-intentioned person, +1x_VIeMDyko-00561-00297769-00298088 but the title of her book was When Race Breaks Out, and +1x_VIeMDyko-00562-00298216-00298399 that, +1x_VIeMDyko-00563-00298399-00298886 You know, the more I thought about it, like, his years when I was like that is the problem +1x_VIeMDyko-00564-00298887-00299087 It's like, you know, it's like we're treating +1x_VIeMDyko-00565-00299104-00299660 Discussions about races if there's some kind of like outbreak of a tear of Ebola or something. It's like race is broken out +1x_VIeMDyko-00566-00299661-00300276 What are we gonna do everybody run around and so the problem with that is like from the white? +1x_VIeMDyko-00567-00300376-00300581 Subjectivity or whatever it's like treating race +1x_VIeMDyko-00568-00300637-00301221 In a purely reactive way like something comes up and then we have to deal with it as opposed to saying like well +1x_VIeMDyko-00569-00301221-00301808 I'm gonna build this into my syllabus from like day one to you know week one to week 14 like this is you know this +1x_VIeMDyko-00570-00301936-00302304 we're not going to assume that this is a conversation we have to have once we're gonna +1x_VIeMDyko-00571-00302374-00302601 accept that this is a conversation we're going to +1x_VIeMDyko-00572-00302935-00303135 You know +1x_VIeMDyko-00573-00307324-00307524 Yeah +1x_VIeMDyko-00574-00310949-00311419 Yeah, well, you know, I almost like to write fiction that has people +1x_VIeMDyko-00575-00311519-00311725 That involves people like having long conversations +1x_VIeMDyko-00576-00311825-00311969 and +1x_VIeMDyko-00577-00311969-00312706 you know having a lot of like a lot of a lot of dialogue and you know, getting angry and arguing with one another and +1x_VIeMDyko-00578-00312848-00313408 you know fiction that sort of goes from like a very high conceptual level to a very low conceptual level and +1x_VIeMDyko-00579-00313568-00314344 So sometimes I get criticized for my books being too like sort of digressive in that way but then you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00580-00314344-00314686 I sort of felt about your face in mine a little bit the way you foe, which is that +1x_VIeMDyko-00581-00314834-00315100 You know, I kind of hated to like, you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00582-00315158-00315433 Direct everything into like this sort of narrative tunnel +1x_VIeMDyko-00583-00315433-00315847 You know because it has like a thriller like structure like something has to happen at the end +1x_VIeMDyko-00584-00315847-00316162 Like there's this big secret what's going to happen? And you know, it's like +1x_VIeMDyko-00585-00316361-00316975 So, you know, so I'm always, you know as a fiction writer like I'm always interested in +1x_VIeMDyko-00586-00317246-00317542 Finding ways to interrupt the narrative so people can keep talking +1x_VIeMDyko-00587-00317600-00318142 You know and in the book in the book, I'm working on now. I'm working. I was just telling Matt I turned in the first +1x_VIeMDyko-00588-00318209-00318377 half of +1x_VIeMDyko-00589-00318377-00318928 My new novel to my editor and agent last week and it's 400 pages. The first half is a four hundred pages +1x_VIeMDyko-00590-00319025-00319225 And there's a lot of talk +1x_VIeMDyko-00591-00319292-00319798 There's a lot of other things too, you know, there's a lot of other things too. But like it's about Palestine +1x_VIeMDyko-00592-00319798-00319998 It's about climate change. It's about +1x_VIeMDyko-00593-00320315-00320479 And you know and it hasn't, you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00594-00320479-00320884 It has a narrative structure and things happen and people die and very very tragic things +1x_VIeMDyko-00595-00320903-00321259 But but it's like, you know, it's like it's like enough about that +1x_VIeMDyko-00596-00321311-00321511 Let's get back to this conversation +1x_VIeMDyko-00597-00321618-00321777 Because like +1x_VIeMDyko-00598-00321777-00321977 like I would say like +1x_VIeMDyko-00599-00321993-00322558 Doris Lessing is the golden. Notebook is a great book that that sort of operates on that on that principle that I read +1x_VIeMDyko-00600-00322677-00322808 Sort of recently +1x_VIeMDyko-00601-00322808-00323173 Because I was looking I was looking for other long novels that sort of have this +1x_VIeMDyko-00602-00323180-00323668 Structure of like people just talking and talking and talking and that you know that book, you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00603-00323669-00324334 There are events and it takes place over very long historical continuum. But the most important thing is +1x_VIeMDyko-00604-00324441-00324650 The is the conversations +1x_VIeMDyko-00605-00324785-00325201 And so, you know when you sit when they when you bring up the word incremental? +1x_VIeMDyko-00606-00325269-00325469 It's a really interesting +1x_VIeMDyko-00607-00325503-00325979 question because it gets to the point of like well, what is the point of having all these conversations and +1x_VIeMDyko-00608-00326115-00326351 you know, the the thing is that I +1x_VIeMDyko-00609-00326475-00326959 feel like the the thing that fiction can do is +1x_VIeMDyko-00610-00327276-00327433 Really in a sense it's there +1x_VIeMDyko-00611-00327433-00327994 there are two things that from my perspective fix you can do one is it can pre it can preserve a +1x_VIeMDyko-00612-00328058-00328447 Memory of what it was like to be alive at a certain moment in history +1x_VIeMDyko-00613-00328521-00329137 That's one very important thing. But the other thing that that fiction can do is it can model +1x_VIeMDyko-00614-00329231-00329557 It can give us the opportunity to model +1x_VIeMDyko-00615-00329807-00330058 Stories that have ends like think, you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00616-00330058-00330562 In other words thinking about a racial situation or thinking about you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00617-00330563-00331333 A situation of injustice that feels like it's never going to end in reality and sort of thinking about ways that it might end +1x_VIeMDyko-00618-00331430-00331553 you know because that you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00619-00331553-00331897 what what fiction gives us is the ability to like create a situation and +1x_VIeMDyko-00620-00331926-00332248 End this situation and in life, we don't get to do that very +1x_VIeMDyko-00621-00332309-00332509 often, you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00622-00332555-00333088 You know, we can't control the ends. We can control our own end. We can't control the end of the Trump administration +1x_VIeMDyko-00623-00333104-00333502 We can you know, we can't, you know, we can't do that but in fiction you can control that +1x_VIeMDyko-00624-00333560-00333892 So, you know, so that's like the narrative imperative +1x_VIeMDyko-00625-00333948-00334441 But then there's also the like the historical memory imperative and so I'm always interested in balance +1x_VIeMDyko-00626-00334500-00334700 those two things +1x_VIeMDyko-00627-00334716-00335177 Which none it, you know, not everybody not and not every writer or reader +1x_VIeMDyko-00628-00335340-00335582 Is interested in that much +1x_VIeMDyko-00629-00335733-00336427 Discourse, you know, some people just like sort of just going straight, you know, I'm much more like +1x_VIeMDyko-00630-00336726-00336926 Yeah another question +1x_VIeMDyko-00631-00341540-00341740 Yeah +1x_VIeMDyko-00632-00341889-00342430 Yeah, I was it when you were asking the question I had this flashback of this terrible experience I had once +1x_VIeMDyko-00633-00342527-00342727 singing karaoke in China +1x_VIeMDyko-00634-00342740-00343129 where the song was evany and ivory, you know, the +1x_VIeMDyko-00635-00343181-00343768 Paul McCartney song and it you know, they come with these they came with these videos, you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00636-00343768-00344533 they all had like these these these videos that and so the video in this case was of a an actor playing a piano and +1x_VIeMDyko-00637-00344651-00345040 the the actor had been painted with with +1x_VIeMDyko-00638-00345101-00345313 grease paint half black and white +1x_VIeMDyko-00639-00345368-00345817 Like and I think it was actually a Chinese actor you even played it painted hat, you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00640-00345817-00346354 it was like the literalization of the black and white was like it would have been taken to the furthest possible extreme of like the +1x_VIeMDyko-00641-00346354-00346554 person himself had like one black hand and +1x_VIeMDyko-00642-00346697-00347053 It was just so horrible, you know, it was it was it was a horrible +1x_VIeMDyko-00643-00347198-00347398 thing +1x_VIeMDyko-00644-00347423-00347527 This is you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00645-00347527-00348037 That question comes that came up a couple of times when I was writing this book when I was writing about epiphanies +1x_VIeMDyko-00646-00348080-00348373 for one thing because epiphanies are so much about light and +1x_VIeMDyko-00647-00348449-00348961 It's one and and they're one of these cases where you feel like, are we ever going to be able to get away from? +1x_VIeMDyko-00648-00349049-00349175 the +1x_VIeMDyko-00649-00349175-00349813 Association between like the dawn breaking and like epiphany and the in the in the character in the story +1x_VIeMDyko-00650-00349904-00350104 so +1x_VIeMDyko-00651-00350111-00350557 That was you know, so that was one place where I really, you know, I mean, I think that this is +1x_VIeMDyko-00652-00350645-00350845 one of the reasons that +1x_VIeMDyko-00653-00350981-00351114 Epiphanies +1x_VIeMDyko-00654-00351114-00351314 have to be +1x_VIeMDyko-00655-00351329-00351559 undone, or you know, you have to you have to +1x_VIeMDyko-00656-00351639-00352162 Be very careful about how you use that kind of imagery because it's so over determined +1x_VIeMDyko-00657-00352239-00352537 And it's over determined because of the sort of American +1x_VIeMDyko-00658-00352607-00352807 belief in grace and +1x_VIeMDyko-00659-00352865-00353122 Redemption is this thing that just like comes down from on high? +1x_VIeMDyko-00660-00353225-00353425 so that's that's one way in which I +1x_VIeMDyko-00661-00353514-00353956 Wrote about that very same frustration. And then the other time was when I was talking about interracial +1x_VIeMDyko-00662-00354020-00354250 stories because interracial +1x_VIeMDyko-00663-00354323-00354727 Stories and especially stories of the tragic mulatto are often +1x_VIeMDyko-00664-00354867-00355094 You know are often coated in +1x_VIeMDyko-00665-00355149-00355642 You know black and white imagery or imagery of like black bleeding into white or something like that +1x_VIeMDyko-00666-00355681-00355951 And it's so horrible most of the time, you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00667-00355952-00356422 like the dark shadows or like the shadow fell over her face or something like that and +1x_VIeMDyko-00668-00356574-00357224 Again it's like you know, it's it's important not only to recognize that those images are so are these painful cliches? +1x_VIeMDyko-00669-00357260-00357472 but that they're cliches because +1x_VIeMDyko-00670-00357741-00358127 They're a way of relying on racialized thinking +1x_VIeMDyko-00671-00358167-00358777 That there always has to be this binary between black and white and that we always have to be thinking in terms of this binary +1x_VIeMDyko-00672-00358777-00359050 and so part of what I argue in that and that essay is +1x_VIeMDyko-00673-00359129-00359410 that we need to be thinking much more about how +1x_VIeMDyko-00674-00359486-00359773 the black/white binary in +1x_VIeMDyko-00675-00359889-00360089 You know in American cultural life +1x_VIeMDyko-00676-00360168-00360736 Is a is a catechesis. It's a it's a it's a binary that has never really existed +1x_VIeMDyko-00677-00360833-00360980 and +1x_VIeMDyko-00678-00360980-00361170 It's so boring +1x_VIeMDyko-00679-00361170-00361368 you know when the +1x_VIeMDyko-00680-00361368-00361568 racial categorization is +1x_VIeMDyko-00681-00361607-00362332 Is just is just boring. It's tedious because it's always so reductive in the way that black and white imagery is always so +1x_VIeMDyko-00682-00362439-00362768 It's always so reductive, you know, because it's like, you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00683-00362768-00363449 You're you're either dealing with like pure black or pure white or some like, you know, mingling of the two and you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00684-00363449-00363615 You're left on this +1x_VIeMDyko-00685-00363615-00363859 You're left with a sense that there's only two possibilities +1x_VIeMDyko-00686-00363942-00364244 Which is so you know, which is so wrong and unhelpful +1x_VIeMDyko-00687-00364352-00364552 and not +1x_VIeMDyko-00688-00364593-00364976 You know and doesn't doesn't doesn't lend itself to interesting narratives +1x_VIeMDyko-00689-00365043-00365546 So that's you know, my frustration is the same as your frustration. It's a you know, that imagery is so +1x_VIeMDyko-00690-00365640-00365840 difficult to get away from +1x_VIeMDyko-00691-00365984-00366256 Maybe can we do maybe one more more question? +1x_VIeMDyko-00692-00366404-00366865 Yeah. Oh, sorry. Sorry. Can I you didn't that you haven't asked a question handsome? +1x_VIeMDyko-00693-00370964-00371710 Like that the pressure the list you pressure of breakfast, you know and get rid of everything else there's also the pressure +1x_VIeMDyko-00694-00374468-00374706 Yes, so I you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00695-00374707-00375133 I think what you're saying is is really really important and what I always try to do is draw attention to +1x_VIeMDyko-00696-00375185-00375742 the question of I mean it's a question of shame again what you're talking about like the +1x_VIeMDyko-00697-00375779-00376234 The feeling of like I don't want to do this because I'm going to be criticized for doing it wrong +1x_VIeMDyko-00698-00376271-00376477 I'm going to be criticized for being insensitive +1x_VIeMDyko-00699-00376553-00376753 or inaccurate or +1x_VIeMDyko-00700-00376841-00377545 you know or just labeled as racist or something so that so that to me too is a +1x_VIeMDyko-00701-00377684-00378442 is largely a white fantasy of a kind of persecution that +1x_VIeMDyko-00702-00378659-00379312 Really needs to be unpacked right like that the the feeling of like I'm not allowed to do this because +1x_VIeMDyko-00703-00379487-00380047 I'm getting it criticized or there's all this pressure or something. I think it's extremely important to unpack +1x_VIeMDyko-00704-00380047-00380391 Well, where do you see that pressure coming from who is the person you? +1x_VIeMDyko-00705-00380450-00380650 imagine doing the criticizing +1x_VIeMDyko-00706-00380753-00381094 What is the worst-case scenario? What can you imagine happening to you? +1x_VIeMDyko-00707-00381191-00381391 If you if somebody called you a racist +1x_VIeMDyko-00708-00381455-00382081 you know, how would that make you feel like it's really important to like go into those to ask those questions because +1x_VIeMDyko-00709-00382304-00382699 You can get to a lot of interesting places by asking those questions +1x_VIeMDyko-00710-00382811-00383119 That you know that what we're talking about. There is really like +1x_VIeMDyko-00711-00383258-00383781 The whole notion of or one part of the notion of white fragility of that's you know the sense of like this +1x_VIeMDyko-00712-00383918-00384169 white subjectivity that feels +1x_VIeMDyko-00713-00384248-00384459 completely like comfortable and chill until +1x_VIeMDyko-00714-00384569-00384769 somebody draws attention to +1x_VIeMDyko-00715-00384854-00385405 Its racialized existence and then there's the sense of like fraud like, oh my god. What am I supposed to do? +1x_VIeMDyko-00716-00385405-00385519 What am I supposed to say? +1x_VIeMDyko-00717-00385519-00386040 and so part of that comes from as you say it comes from like not having had a background not having had these kinds of +1x_VIeMDyko-00718-00386051-00386814 conversations but it's just also is you know in a broader sense like it's just it's illustrative of the way that +1x_VIeMDyko-00719-00386870-00387070 the psychology of power +1x_VIeMDyko-00720-00387101-00387301 which feels so +1x_VIeMDyko-00721-00387359-00387705 sort of continuous and sustaining and and +1x_VIeMDyko-00722-00387788-00388246 comfortable is actually very fragile, you know, and it's actually always +1x_VIeMDyko-00723-00388327-00389052 Filled with a kind of insecurity about what happens when my power is being taken away. So to me you can take that +1x_VIeMDyko-00724-00389150-00389607 Conversation to very interesting places, but it's you know, it's a really difficult current +1x_VIeMDyko-00725-00389607-00389904 you know, it's a really you know, it it it you you have to +1x_VIeMDyko-00726-00389959-00390402 You know, I was as I was saying earlier like you have to you know with your students or in whatever +1x_VIeMDyko-00727-00390532-00391161 Places is happening in a book group in a reading or whatever. You have to ask people to +1x_VIeMDyko-00728-00391241-00391441 take the risk of +1x_VIeMDyko-00729-00391568-00391732 Feeling embarrassed +1x_VIeMDyko-00730-00391732-00392220 You know and fit and also take the risk of imagining like what is the worst thing that could happen? +1x_VIeMDyko-00731-00392329-00392529 Does that make sense? +1x_VIeMDyko-00732-00395260-00395744 I know but it's I mean like I feel like if you have like a failed conversation +1x_VIeMDyko-00733-00395791-00396132 Then it's always really important to ask like why did this conversation fail? +1x_VIeMDyko-00734-00396202-00396818 You know, like if everyone's silent and nobody wants to talk now, let's talk about why nobody wants to talk now. You know what? +1x_VIeMDyko-00735-00398368-00398445 Yeah, so +1x_VIeMDyko-00736-00398445-00398481 You know +1x_VIeMDyko-00737-00398481-00399065 so so having written two books of the same quality like this is something that I've dealt with and my +1x_VIeMDyko-00738-00399106-00399363 My feeling is like when I go out into the world +1x_VIeMDyko-00739-00399439-00399723 having written this material like my first +1x_VIeMDyko-00740-00399802-00400190 Priority is that any kind of response the material is okay +1x_VIeMDyko-00741-00400216-00400596 As long as it doesn't as long as there's no guns in the room or you know +1x_VIeMDyko-00742-00400596-00400947 Which you know in some places is a you know, that's that's a question +1x_VIeMDyko-00743-00401008-00401264 You know, you know any kind of response is, okay? +1x_VIeMDyko-00744-00401392-00401979 If people are frustrated or angry or feel that I don't have the right to talk about it or whatever +1x_VIeMDyko-00745-00402013-00402213 it's totally fine and +1x_VIeMDyko-00746-00402304-00402504 it's my job to +1x_VIeMDyko-00747-00402691-00403083 It's my job to absorb those responses and try to +1x_VIeMDyko-00748-00403204-00403755 Engage on whatever level I can but the fundamental truth. Is that like +1x_VIeMDyko-00749-00403755-00404117 you know as I think all of us know like these +1x_VIeMDyko-00750-00404290-00404490 These kinds of questions +1x_VIeMDyko-00751-00404593-00405290 They, you know people bring all kinds of pain with them into the room when you're talking about race in American context and +1x_VIeMDyko-00752-00405361-00405905 So you can't predict who's coming into the room and you can't predict how they're gonna respond to what's being presented +1x_VIeMDyko-00753-00405910-00406520 and so it's okay, you know, like it's, you know, it's it's if if people criticize me +1x_VIeMDyko-00754-00406591-00406867 That's totally fine like that. And and I +1x_VIeMDyko-00755-00406981-00407646 I'll you know live with that criticism and you know, I welcome that criticism and it's not going to +1x_VIeMDyko-00756-00407816-00408217 You know like it's not going to destroy me it's not going to +1x_VIeMDyko-00757-00408314-00408514 knock me off my pedestal like +1x_VIeMDyko-00758-00408575-00409140 Better for me not to have a pedestal, you know better for me. You know, the important thing is the the +1x_VIeMDyko-00759-00409193-00409491 conversation is much more important than +1x_VIeMDyko-00760-00409606-00409992 you know then trying to like, you know, privilege my ideas and saying like I mean +1x_VIeMDyko-00761-00409992-00410532 This is the end of the conversation because it's not as just a continuing, you know iteration of the conversation +1x_VIeMDyko-00762-00410591-00410785 Does that make sense? +1x_VIeMDyko-00763-00410785-00410985 Okay. Thank you all for coming +1x_VIeMDyko-00764-00411985-00412185 You