diff --git "a/data/en003/text/00000013.txt" "b/data/en003/text/00000013.txt"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/data/en003/text/00000013.txt"
@@ -0,0 +1,9282 @@
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00000-00000012-00000246 foreign
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00001-00000534-00001428 guys we're out here in La at untied and I'm with my guy legit Tim we're about
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00002-00001428-00001800 to go sneaker shopping well I guess he's about to go sneaker shopping I'm excited
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00003-00001800-00002022 to see what you're about to pick up I'm excited bro we're out here in
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00004-00002022-00002484 La the weather is amazing so let's go shopping let's go Lakers let's get it
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00005-00002664-00003186 after you my sir thank you thank you wow bro this is lit bro this store is honestly one of the
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00006-00003186-00003654 craziest stores I've been in they got sneakers all on the wall got all the basketballs up there bro
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00007-00003654-00004110 the Louis Vuitton skateboards those are crazy yeah those are crazy there's definitely gonna be a lot
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00008-00004110-00004434 in here do you want to kind of like just work your way around the store do you want to go with them
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00009-00004434-00004776 clothes first like I mean I'm down bro however you want to run this like all right let's go on this
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00010-00004776-00005262 side first so my first question for you is how do you feel about Yeezys do you collect them are you
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00011-00005262-00005748 planning on buying any like okay what's going on I feel like the 350s were really crazy I remember
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00012-00005748-00006282 when this shoe first dropped bro the first V2 ever dropped I actually won it this is crazy bro
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00013-00006282-00006792 I actually won it in a raffle um and I could have bought it for retail so I bought them for retail
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00014-00006792-00007554 I didn't like the shoe so I didn't like the shoe so I sold it to my boy for retail at the time and
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00015-00007554-00007920 I regretted ever since I was like I should have kept the shoe because it wasn't really before now
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00016-00007920-00008358 like they're going for something crazy well they went up and then they went back down right it's
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00017-00008358-00008670 not a total loss but it was still kind of like a loss of the time bro because they went sky high
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00018-00008670-00009108 and I was like bro I should have kept the shoe and they kind of grew on me bro but like I sold them
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00019-00009108-00009600 for retail so I'm a firm believer of why would you like so for me I'm like if you didn't like
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00020-00009600-00009972 it it's not a loss like you got your shoe you got out maybe if you sold it for a couple bucks
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00021-00009972-00010344 or even if you hooked the homie up you're good I think it's good man I agree with you I think like
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00022-00010344-00011004 these I'm kind of over like the whole like black with the color stripe design um to be honest my
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00023-00011004-00011742 favorite Yeezy has got to be bro the dad ones the dad shoes bro like I'll rock those all day what
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00024-00011742-00012126 is that that's like the analog colorway right like the all triple white bro I could not tell
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00025-00012126-00012576 you correct me if I'm wrong out of connection but like that cream white colorway I feel like I could
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00026-00012576-00012966 kind of match that with anything but to be honest man I kind of feel like this is the future right
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00027-00012966-00013547 here oh my God the farmers the future of sneakers bro please don't come in bro we got the metaverse
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00028-00013547-00014046 you know what I'm saying you know comes the foam you be rocking these I'll be rocking these almost
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00029-00014046-00014490 every day at the crew at the crib okay if I'm going to the Dollar General I'm going Walmart
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00030-00014490-00015000 you know what I mean I'll put on a pair of these I rock these both for like a straight I rocked
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00031-00015000-00015630 them for like a straight six months to a year bro every single day oh my God but I kind of I don't
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00032-00015630-00016080 know bro I was kind of like I don't want to wear them anymore because I just I don't know I look at
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00033-00016080-00016542 them on my feet and I just feel like people don't take me seriously right you know like I just feel
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00034-00016542-00016914 like people look at me and they're like what is that guy wearing especially in Texas bro like if
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00035-00016914-00017514 I was in LA would be different but in Texas yeah no okay so you copying any easies today definitely
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00036-00017514-00017934 not any Yeezys I pretty much got the ones that I like I got all like the white on white so I think
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00037-00017934-00018612 we're good for the Yeezys okay okay so over here Air Maxes right Nikes this is uh this definitely
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00038-00018612-00019020 changes the game man I mean I know like a lot of the kids nowadays especially in my demo they're
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00039-00019020-00019536 all into dunks so super big with like I feel like the sneakers have been crazy like because like
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00040-00019536-00020058 back in the day if you were a sneaker head you only were into like certain shoes and like I mean
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00041-00020058-00020478 not showing shoes but you were into like you know all the Jordans and everything and I feel like the
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00042-00020478-00020868 kids now all they care about is dunks like that's really all they care about so like I don't even
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00043-00020868-00021426 think like I have these These are fire bro these are actually super fire see my struggle is like
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00044-00021426-00021942 being a size 13. it just is such a big shoe like I can't do it right but I like it I really like
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00045-00021942-00022332 the shoes 100 I think like for me bro I really like like the triple white colorways because
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00046-00022332-00022704 I feel like you could wear it with anything it always looks super clean my problem bro is like I
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00047-00022704-00023088 always get a shoe like this and then I beat it to the ground so like mine are like disgusting right
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00048-00023088-00023640 now mine are like so bad I feel that I'm so bad it's what the kids want man I mean the dunks super
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00049-00023640-00024048 easy shoe personally I'm gonna let you know I'm not a massive fan of the Nike Dunk to be honest
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00050-00024048-00024570 okay you know why Jordan went low I see you got the one lows on I I could Rock the one lows I'm
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00051-00024570-00025008 still kind of like on the fence about them these are fire uh but the reason why I don't like the
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00052-00025008-00025434 Duncan this is my first time admitting it brought on cameras because this don't give me any hype bro
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00053-00025434-00025986 it really doesn't give me any High okay okay when I'm looking for a shoe bro I want something that's
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00054-00025986-00026568 gonna give me that boost that's why yeah exactly I want to be the alpha male in the room right okay
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00055-00026568-00027072 okay I don't want you to be looking down on me bro these right here this is this is a dope sneaker
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00056-00027072-00027438 you know what's crazy bro when I was in high school everybody and their mom had their shoes yes
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00057-00027438-00027882 I never had it so like I was always wondering like what's up with those shoes like why does everybody
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00058-00027882-00028398 have this sneaker right here until I got my pair he the cameraman shout out to him he bought me
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00059-00028398-00028920 my first pair for my birthday I wear these like all the time now bro and like since I might go to
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00060-00028920-00029442 not the Supreme one but just always these are my go-to gym shoes because like if you know you got
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00061-00029442-00029988 like when you're squatting and stuff you need the platform yeah that's flat um so yeah these are my
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00062-00029988-00030480 go-to gym shoes right there okay but yeah mine are disgusting too I got I need a new pair of forces
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00063-00030588-00031110 so SBS you don't like SBS either even though they're more comfortable or anything I don't
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00064-00031110-00031620 have a pair of parents with you and I was actually kind of looking at these right here okay
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00065-00031680-00032250 um yeah the Sean cliver yeah this is Sean clever right this one right here yep yep so they did a
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00066-00032250-00032712 couple different versions of these right here it was these and then I think the ftcs yeah colorways
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00067-00032712-00033114 those are pretty fire yeah um but yeah I mean I just think this is different bro I like the
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00068-00033114-00033510 colors on it I like how the gold Pops I like like that's definitely a clean shoe for sure
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00069-00033510-00034092 clean shoe man for me it's like price it's the struggle too because like I don't know for your
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00070-00034092-00034506 size I don't know but I don't know for 13 again it's a struggle like the price will like double
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00071-00034506-00035118 in some sneakers it's literally bro there's some shoes I've seen like 400 bucks and then like in
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00072-00035118-00035718 my size 800 I'm like how is it double and it's the same shoes literally the same shoes it'd
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00073-00035718-00036264 be a struggle for me sometimes when it comes to things we gotta get you to sakai's the new
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00074-00036264-00036654 okay yeah I feel like I feel like really I feel like people don't really see my height bro on
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00075-00036654-00037176 camera but like standing next to this dude bro like he's like an NBA player so these guys this
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00076-00037176-00037542 guy's like seven foot right here so don't you know what I'm saying I'm like a six something
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00077-00037638-00038148 um okay if you could say favorite sneaker of all time favorite sneaker of all time right there bro
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00078-00038148-00038550 right there of course you might yeah do mine real quick bro thank you yeah thank you thank you all
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00079-00038550-00038970 right so Concord 11s I feel like this is like just a perfect shoe this is like the best shoe ever
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00080-00038970-00039426 made I think it's simple it goes with everything I think like bro on the 11s when I was coming
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00081-00039426-00039960 up in shoes the 11s were like the hottest they were the hottest I think I think after the past
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00082-00039960-00040440 10 years of 11's for Christmas for the first seniors right it's kind of saturated a little
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00083-00040440-00040818 bit and we don't see it as often throughout the year and the Jordan one just comes so many times
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00084-00040818-00041166 throughout the year it's just so like it went from that's kind of the hard part yeah and I feel like
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00085-00041166-00041526 these kids don't even remember but like I feel like it went from like the 11s being the hottest
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00086-00041526-00042120 to like the Jordan Ones which is really weird uh but now the fours now the fours are taken yeah I
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00087-00042120-00042690 originally so the fours we'll get to the force when we get to the forts a little bit later but
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00088-00042690-00043212 um I'm not a really big fan of the cut bro to be honest I like the lower cut better that's another
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00089-00043212-00043632 thing right it's what you grew up with and then like they go back to the OG style and it's like
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00090-00043632-00044040 that's what we originally had so you're saying you grew up with this so you get conditioned with
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00091-00044040-00044544 different things yeah you know what I'm saying I remember that cut because you're gonna reveal
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00092-00044544-00045384 yourself no I just turned 30 45 so yeah no but I remember that time back in the day because my foot
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00093-00045384-00045822 was bigger when I was young right right and my mom she was buying all the ogs and the smallest men
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00094-00045822-00046308 sizes your mom was my mom in my dad my parents was both rocking them so for me it was like oh I could
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00095-00046308-00046836 fit my mom's hair like and she had the OG Brad 11s and all this stuff so yeah I remember those times
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00096-00046836-00047466 so you grew up with the retros with the Retros no I started collecting in like 0506 I grew up about
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00097-00047466-00047928 everybody was on Team Jordans oh like everybody was on I remember those times remember with the
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00098-00047928-00048318 elastic band around us yeah they had all the other ones and then I also what I also grew up
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00099-00048318-00049020 bro was like a lot of uh Buddha shoes bro which is like the flea market sneakers oh so like fakes
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00100-00049020-00049386 Galore so I don't even know how growing up I don't know how many people had fakes but I'm sure where
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00101-00049386-00050082 did you grow up at I grew up in San Antonio San Antonio yeah I mean the face was even worse the
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00102-00050082-00050550 people that had the Retros I feel like nobody gave them the credit that they deserved because nobody
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00103-00050550-00051114 knew about Retros right like people just thought Jordans Jordans like oh those are fire and there's
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00104-00051114-00051510 like Team Jordan right back in the day you know what I mean uh but to be honest bro I can even
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00105-00051510-00052146 become a sneakerhead until maybe freshman year end of freshman year before that I was all up on
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00106-00052146-00052878 um Supras okay to be honest it got me into shoes oh we need some pictures for some flashbacks like
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00107-00052878-00053352 more like like skateboarder shoes so you had Supras you had Vlados from uh like Journeys
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00108-00053352-00053976 kid yeah Journeys not kids but Journeys you had a company called radii you had okay was you rocking
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00109-00053976-00054540 creative wrecks and all that stuff screw creative wrecks no bro so I was pissed in Creative Rex okay
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00110-00054540-00054941 so this is a funny story so I wouldn't go into high school I got some creative wrecks I had them
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00111-00054941-00055434 on my feet the coach made us run last in them so I ran laps in them bro screwed up the shoes I sent
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00112-00055434-00055782 the email to creative Rex I was like hey your shoes are not good they did not hold up they're
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00113-00055782-00056112 like they're like we're sorry we cannot give you another pair of shoes and ever since then that's
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00114-00056112-00056441 when I was like little on my YouTube and I was like okay I'll let out what my subscribers know
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00115-00056441-00056964 I never did that's something I have them like in the uh I was small though I had like a thousand
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00116-00056964-00057341 subscribers like the Nordstrom Rack and you could go get them for the low and everything right but
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00117-00057341-00057678 man that was back in the day bro you're taking me way back Bro way back you were probably already
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00118-00057678-00058541 like 25 bucks so we got six season fives and four okay okay so my first three pairs of sneakers ever
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00119-00058638-00059136 Toro Bravo fours great shoe that was that was like my dream shoe I saved up forever
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00120-00059136-00059610 what year was that that was when they dropped the Tour ball before I was a freshman so 2012
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00121-00059610-00060108 20 yeah around there something like that around there yeah second pair of shoes was
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00122-00060252-00060882 great fives great fives yup third pair of shoes was the Olympic Jordan Sevens oh but they turn
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00123-00060882-00061584 out to be fake so funny story I I was yeah bro so I got them from a Facebook deal I was trying
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00124-00061584-00061866 to sell them at the flea market one day and the collector came in he's like you know these
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00125-00061866-00062304 are fake right they don't have the acute the UPC code right and so then I you know that was crazy
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00126-00062304-00062874 and then after that the pair of shoes that I was like dying for bro was actually the Concords was
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00127-00062874-00063348 the lows the low tops so when those came out that was like game changer for me that was like yeah I
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00128-00063348-00063720 need to be so bad that's all I can think about I was just trying to make money like selling
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00129-00063720-00064140 candy cutting grass whatever I could do because I couldn't get a job at the time I was too young um
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00130-00064194-00064902 and then after that I just everything went crazy but actually if you want to go I probably should
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00131-00064902-00065160 we should probably move around a little bit I'm talking too much go ahead no all right
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00132-00065160-00065922 to be real with you the reason I started my channel bro was I was really really into shoes
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00133-00065922-00066402 and I really like Sneakers but I couldn't afford them bro so like this was before I had like I
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00134-00066402-00066894 think I had just the Toro Bravos and I would make my videos going into thrift stores pawn shops
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00135-00066960-00067386 um Ross Marshalls flea markets looking for sneakers for cheap and so like that I didn't
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00136-00067386-00067746 have money so that's how I like started my channel from the beginning that's what's up because I
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00137-00067746-00068232 couldn't afford it and those videos ended up going crazy and then I made money so that I could buy
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00138-00068232-00068628 sneakers and yeah it's just glory to God bro but you got any tips for young YouTubers out there
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00139-00068628-00069258 that's watching YouTube it's way too complicated go on Tick Tock and dance YouTube is way too hard
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00140-00069258-00069990 now bro I'm telling you yes exactly get those brand deals kids hahaha that's funny okay so
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00141-00069990-00070446 Jordan four is three getting into the ones we'll see if I can stop you right there sneakers app
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00142-00070446-00070914 I've never won on the sneakers at before never I just happened to win those two Jordan Fives
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00143-00070980-00071568 both Jordan Fives off whites from the sneakers that's clutch I don't know what you doing did you
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00144-00071568-00072492 keep them when you sell them yeah okay okay okay I hit the black pair on sneakers I got the sale pair
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00145-00072492-00073272 from uh Solstice nice yeah that's good at times okay so the Jordan 4 is like one of the hottest
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00146-00073272-00073650 right models right now have there been any that's been kind of catching your eye you got different
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00147-00073650-00074178 collaborations like I feel like the Jordan 4 was like my favorite sneaker before they were hot so
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00148-00074178-00074628 like back in 2012 this was like my go-to like this over everything this was my shoe right here so
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00149-00074628-00075216 this is like your second grill model so you got 11s like I'm over the fours now bro really like
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00150-00075216-00075576 yeah I feel like I bought so many Jordan fours every time the fours would come out they were my
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00151-00075576-00076128 favorite had the breads had the white cements um the classic it's kind of I like I don't know bro
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00152-00076128-00076482 I just kind of like got over them I just I feel like they're too much what do you think about it
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00153-00076482-00076872 what do you think about the military blue Force coming out like this one's gonna come out next
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00154-00076872-00077358 year white with the blue supposed to have Nike Air on the back to me bro like the reason I don't like
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00155-00077358-00077832 Jordan fours is like because I feel like I would wear this as a freshman I feel like it reminds me
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00156-00077832-00078300 of like wearing like little kids shoes back into there yeah like like I don't I couldn't imagine
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00157-00078300-00078864 being 24 wearing Jordan fours I don't know just personally it's got something there that I'm like
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00158-00078864-00079254 it's more for the younger kids like I don't know because they got it trending right now
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00159-00079254-00079866 I guess I feel like it's so loud like it's so much to like wear on your feet like it's not
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00160-00079866-00080250 subtle like I feel like you could bust out the three bust out the fives even and be like kind
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00161-00080250-00080598 of subtle right those are right there very subtle I don't think that they're too crazy
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00162-00080598-00081228 they're just enough yeah but like something like this is like whoa like I don't know maybe it's
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00163-00081228-00081660 just me but well I know like the black cats or something like that is a lot easier for yeah
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00164-00081660-00082464 I was wearing like thrift stores and stuff so you seeing anything you like it so far so far I think
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00165-00082464-00082908 I kind of have an idea maybe but I still kind of like want to walk around okay um but yeah bro
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00166-00082908-00083406 let's Okay Jordan Ones everybody's crazy about the Jordan Ones I'm not a fan of Jordan Ones I'm sorry
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00167-00083406-00083988 I have to say it I'm not a massive fan of Jordan Ones the only Jordan Ones are the Travis's and let
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00168-00083988-00084396 me tell you why I have a theory and you gotta tell me if I'm correct or not like those up there the
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00169-00084396-00084816 Travis Scott the original brown ones um the reason why is because I truly believe whenever Nike does
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00170-00084816-00085308 a collaboration and it's way better quality yeah no the collaboration is always great so that's
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00171-00085308-00085710 why I would rather like instead of buying like five pairs of Jordan Ones I'd rather just buy one
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00172-00085710-00086208 pair better quality wear it every day I don't know plus those go with everything dude that
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00173-00086208-00086592 makes sense that definitely makes sense what about like the fragment and stuff like that everybody's
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00174-00086592-00087036 loving the low tops like it's crazy because I like the fragment I just feel like like they're
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00175-00087036-00087486 too much still too much people say they look like bowling shoes I like them I like them I don't know
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00176-00087486-00088026 I like them but I just like yeah paying like two racks I don't just yeah I know I feel you I feel
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00177-00088026-00088416 you and that's what's another crazy thing right to see low tops are selling for more than high
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00178-00088416-00088902 tops crazy that's crazy that's right like some of the collaborations are hitting like that point so
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00179-00089010-00089508 um oh my boy favorite hooping shoe Kobe's bro which one the Kobe I think
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00180-00089508-00089874 it's the tens the tens the nine or the ten the nine on the high top one is it
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00181-00089874-00090402 no no no no not the high top ones uh we're gonna have to Google this bro I don't know
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00182-00090402-00090852 which ones you're like everybody loves these the grinches let me see everybody
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00183-00090852-00091728 oh yeah it is the the tan oh wait it's this one it's not even a color the 80 the 80s the most
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00184-00091728-00092382 recent well I guess last knowledge on go bro dude so no so I got these at the at the uh Nike outlet
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00185-00092382-00092796 bro okay they're the most comfortable shoe who pinch you I've ever had I was like quick enough
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00186-00092796-00093354 bro I see you got the LeBron Jersey what do you think about the new LeBron 20s um everybody's
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00187-00093354-00093738 saying they're like knock off Kobe like I feel like LeBron like needs to stop focusing on
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00188-00093738-00094170 like pooping shoes and he needs to like make more lifestyle shoes like Jordan like I don't know yeah
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00189-00094170-00094548 I mean I know that Jordan like it was supposed to be hooping okay but what Jordan lifestyle shoes
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00190-00094548-00095052 were good though no but like I feel like like a lot of them were kind of how do I say this how do
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00191-00095052-00095376 I say it so like back in the day you would hoop in this right yep now you wouldn't hoop in this
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00192-00095376-00095730 right so I feel like LeBron needs to follow that and make sure that you wouldn't necessarily hoop
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00193-00095730-00096306 in yeah like the LeBron twos and stuff is like kind of coming out again I honestly missed the
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00194-00096306-00096732 days where like everybody was like busting out like the LeBron 10s like the South Beach eights
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00195-00096732-00097158 and stuff like the fire road back in the day like we used to just wear basketball shoes like normal
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00196-00097158-00097656 no for real for real definitely remember those times you get we got heat on this one no that's
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00197-00097656-00098052 what I was gonna that's what I was waiting for you copying over here I'm only spending 100K on a shoe
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00198-00098052-00098634 bro yeah I don't think you can get anything on this wall it's all pretty cheap game Sorry about
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00199-00098634-00099234 20 to 30 20 35k I don't know if that's gonna yeah I don't know to be honest bro I was actually like
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00200-00099234-00099690 no no it's just honestly bro like I was actually thinking about just like so like this is pretty
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00201-00099690-00100026 comfy yeah I was like I've been eyeing this the whole time I think I might just take off with
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00202-00100026-00100374 this bench to be honest I think they want for the bench bro well can you help me load this
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00203-00100374-00100692 up in the car bro let's go ahead come on I think we're gonna load this out bro you got the camera
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00204-00100692-00101076 on it too does that come with the perfect okay yeah we're gonna cash out today thank you for
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00205-00101076-00101556 watching sneaker shopping we ended up getting this bench right here all right now seriously hold on
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00206-00101556-00101862 let's put it back let's put it back okay listen now I'm gonna tell you guys what's up I'm gonna
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00207-00101862-00102306 tell you guys what's up all right hold up check this out I'm not gonna announce this on my channel
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00208-00102306-00103266 I got the uh reverse smokers On My Feet as you guys know happy wife happy life right so my girls
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00209-00103266-00103883 are back in Texas what size are these slices for those are Itty Bitty these are her sides that's
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00210-00103883-00104261 crazy I think I might just have to go They're Gonna Be matching I think I might just have to
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00211-00104261-00104783 you know what I mean because to be honest I barely buy anything for myself like ever like uh pulled
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00212-00104783-00105258 up today we're gonna surprise a YouTuber with like some shoes I would much rather buy people's shoes
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00213-00105258-00105816 than like buy them for myself bro this is a very rare occasion okay so got them from a key master
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00214-00105942-00106314 these right here I think we got to make the wife happy bro so you're about to grab those
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00215-00106314-00106740 I think I'm gonna grab these today we'll put those on the counter okay do you want to get
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00216-00106806-00107285 it and then clothes or any gear they got hats all the Louise to be honest all of them all of
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00217-00107285-00107861 them back them up let's go okay yep no problem how much is that gonna need I don't know bro each pair
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00218-00107861-00108540 is probably like with these sizes I don't know probably like eight to 10K depending on the size
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00219-00108540-00109218 you say k yeah can we just drop it okay let's just say assuming that whole set would be that probably
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00220-00109218-00109728 would cost you like fifty thousand it's not let's say like 42 000 of them I guess thank you to Ray
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00221-00109728-00110382 Shadow Legends for sponsoring all right let's catch out thank you let's go you should grab these
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00222-00110382-00110783 you think so I think you should we might just have a video planned with these you guys gotta
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00223-00110783-00111156 check it out but yo shout out to DJ let's cash out now I'm just getting here for my girls today
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00224-00111156-00111509 what'd you do for my girl today all right we'll get you right keep it gotta keep it right man
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00225-00112014-00112266 all right so we got the reverse them up in a size four perfect
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00226-00112266-00112680 let's do it
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00227-00113028-00113142 foreign
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00228-00113328-00114282 happy wife happy life you know what they say guys that's the one that's the one right there man I
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00229-00114282-00114654 might have to get something bro yeah bro last time I brought her back some Tiffany and Cole and she
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00230-00114654-00115259 was so happy so um because then she'll let you go to Saudi Arabia by yourself you know what I mean
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00231-00115452-00116046 true don't tell her rated R Vlog ASMR
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00232-00116298-00116861 all right let's do it reverse mocha man gotta love it untied shout out to untie
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00233-00116861-00117192 that late man shout out to my boy DJ got mine on my feet you know you got a match
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00234-00117252-00117785 twins you already know my boy thank you so much appreciate you bro DJ appreciate you all right bro
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00235-00117785-00118320 thanks for having me invoice later man hey thank you guys for having me we're going back to Texas
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00236-00118320-00118709 you guys already know happy wife happy life we'll see you on the next one peace homie stay blessed
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00237-00118709-00119100 we're out of here yo before you go I just launched my sneaker head Academy where we got everything
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00238-00119100-00119508 on the inside I teach you all the stuff that I learned over the past 15 years when it comes to
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00239-00119508-00119946 sneakers scaling real estate you name it we talk about all of it in there and there's an eight
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00240-00119946-00120408 week program plus a bunch of monthly giveaways I give away shoes literally way too much honestly
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00241-00120408-00120822 but either way I'll see you guys on the inside hit the link Down Below in my description or pin
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00242-00120822-00121194 in the comment section for DJ Sneakerhead Academy and I'll see you guys over there
+Pxi7TS0liFu-00243-00121361-00122472 thank you
+P-AWqB1QItY-00000-00000026-00000474 hey Guys, Emeka here, how's it going? in this video I'm going to talk about how
+P-AWqB1QItY-00001-00000474-00001248 you can make your first $1,000 a month with Kindle publishing I decided to do
+P-AWqB1QItY-00002-00001248-00001580 this video on a whim I don't have any note I don't have a script or anything I
+P-AWqB1QItY-00003-00001580-00002130 just got a couple thoughts of where I want to take it with this video but this
+P-AWqB1QItY-00004-00002130-00002576 is what I've wanted to do for a while you know as you may or may not know it
+P-AWqB1QItY-00005-00002576-00003002 I've been making over $1,000 a month with Kindle for for quite a few months
+P-AWqB1QItY-00006-00003002-00003507 in a row now and you know I just wanted to offer a couple of my thoughts and how
+P-AWqB1QItY-00007-00003507-00004021 I got there and share my experience with you in the hopes in the hopes that
+P-AWqB1QItY-00008-00004021-00004562 goodbye be might by me doing this it will do a few things for you one it will
+P-AWqB1QItY-00009-00004562-00005127 speed up your learning curve basically it'll help you make $1000 a month in a
+P-AWqB1QItY-00010-00005127-00005727 five in a faster period of time then you might do it on your own to show you're
+P-AWqB1QItY-00011-00005727-00006434 not alone that hey like I'm here others are doing it yes it works you know it's
+P-AWqB1QItY-00012-00006434-00006858 something lots of people have done for you and less people continue to do after
+P-AWqB1QItY-00013-00006858-00007520 and three I don't really know so let's just kind of dive into the goods of this
+P-AWqB1QItY-00014-00007520-00008147 video all right so making a your first $1,000 with Kindle publishing exciting
+P-AWqB1QItY-00015-00008147-00008579 it is I remember when I hit that threshold I hadn't actually hit it I
+P-AWqB1QItY-00016-00008579-00009228 went from 500 to 2,000 but some are longer I'm juror I was watching my
+P-AWqB1QItY-00017-00009228-00009636 royalties and they hit a thousand I was like wow I can't believe I've done it
+P-AWqB1QItY-00018-00009636-00010128 really really cool feeling and you'll get to experience it at one point if you
+P-AWqB1QItY-00019-00010128-00010839 haven't but really the first thing that I that I think of is it comes down to
+P-AWqB1QItY-00020-00010839-00011361 the same that in the actually the same thing that takes you from a thousand
+P-AWqB1QItY-00021-00011361-00011592 five thousand or five thousand and ten thousand
+P-AWqB1QItY-00022-00011592-00012303 it's your mindset see having the right mindset the mindset the the right mental
+P-AWqB1QItY-00023-00012303-00012828 attitude is is going to be the determining factor on whether or not
+P-AWqB1QItY-00024-00012828-00013294 you're going to make it in this business or not see
+P-AWqB1QItY-00025-00013294-00014266 there's many ways to to look at it when you're new you are no longer the if you
+P-AWqB1QItY-00026-00014266-00014600 were like the top dog in your field you're no longer the top dog you're a
+P-AWqB1QItY-00027-00014600-00015161 little puppy in this you know in this big kennel so to speak you're you're
+P-AWqB1QItY-00028-00015161-00015469 experiencing everything for the first time you're going to make mistakes
+P-AWqB1QItY-00029-00015469-00015997 you're going to you know potentially lose a few dollars you're going to get
+P-AWqB1QItY-00030-00015997-00016340 frustrated you're going to go through all of those things that I've gone
+P-AWqB1QItY-00031-00016340-00016733 through and I continue to go through from time to time that all successful
+P-AWqB1QItY-00032-00016733-00017528 publishers have gone through so your mindset has to be the right one and the
+P-AWqB1QItY-00033-00017528-00018004 right one is this it's knowing that you're going to commit to the process
+P-AWqB1QItY-00034-00018004-00018791 and you know what angle you want down the road expecting to make a thousand
+P-AWqB1QItY-00035-00018791-00019222 dollars off your first book is completely ridiculous
+P-AWqB1QItY-00036-00019222-00019781 your first book most likely will fail and suck being straight up with you as
+P-AWqB1QItY-00037-00019781-00020381 much as you want it to succeed and you do because my first book I wanted it to
+P-AWqB1QItY-00038-00020381-00020978 be the best and oh my gosh I wanted that book to do so well and you will too and
+P-AWqB1QItY-00039-00020978-00021484 that's good that's what you should want but it's most likely not going to happen
+P-AWqB1QItY-00040-00021484-00021956 that's reality because you know what your first book is exactly that it's
+P-AWqB1QItY-00041-00021956-00022679 your first book you have to pay the tax now that you have to pay the the
+P-AWqB1QItY-00042-00022679-00023150 learning tax so to speak you have to make mistakes you have to screw up you
+P-AWqB1QItY-00043-00023150-00023615 have to go through all of those experiences first because every time you
+P-AWqB1QItY-00044-00023615-00024029 go through it you learn and you get better and better so having a strong
+P-AWqB1QItY-00045-00024029-00024704 mental attitude having a strong mindset is is is above anything else above
+P-AWqB1QItY-00046-00024704-00025238 anything else because you know I've started to see it people who can follow
+P-AWqB1QItY-00047-00025238-00025685 me for a little while and you know they're they're not as excited or
+P-AWqB1QItY-00048-00025685-00026170 whatever you know I'd be Hawking people I've been working with and you have to
+P-AWqB1QItY-00049-00026170-00026588 understand that you're your first book most likely won't be your money-making
+P-AWqB1QItY-00050-00026588-00027066 book it is your first book to teach you the
+P-AWqB1QItY-00051-00027066-00027525 process so that when you do your second book here it's a little bit better and
+P-AWqB1QItY-00052-00027525-00028052 then that second book is purely designed to teach you more things and more
+P-AWqB1QItY-00053-00028052-00028719 lessons so that when you publish your third book is that much better and I may
+P-AWqB1QItY-00054-00028719-00029337 take you 4 bucks like it took me it may take you 5 6 or 7 books but the
+P-AWqB1QItY-00055-00029337-00029673 important thing is is that you're you know where you're at and that you're
+P-AWqB1QItY-00056-00029673-00030245 improving each and every book they rule of thumb each book you make should
+P-AWqB1QItY-00057-00030245-00030705 average about $100 in a cup so if you wanted to how many books do I need to
+P-AWqB1QItY-00058-00030705-00031320 make to a thousand thousand dollars a month well on average it's ten books it
+P-AWqB1QItY-00059-00031320-00031938 most likely will take you less books if you're following a good program but
+P-AWqB1QItY-00060-00031938-00032385 things to keep in mind things to keep in mind so having a strong mental attitude
+P-AWqB1QItY-00061-00032385-00033003 is is by far the most important most important trait or whatever you want to
+P-AWqB1QItY-00062-00033003-00033744 call it their second thing is don't be don't follow blindly number two don't
+P-AWqB1QItY-00063-00033744-00034439 follow blindly what I mean by this is not taking a couple Kindle courses and
+P-AWqB1QItY-00064-00034439-00035091 you know it's I love just reading comments of publishers and newbies and
+P-AWqB1QItY-00065-00035091-00035469 and whatnot and you know one you know they come from one course go to another
+P-AWqB1QItY-00066-00035469-00036255 race first side and it's totally okay but but I can't get over the amount of
+P-AWqB1QItY-00067-00036255-00036948 publishers that follow a course blindly and not question anything and don't get
+P-AWqB1QItY-00068-00036948-00037470 me wrong when I when I started and if I was following the course and I was doing
+P-AWqB1QItY-00069-00037470-00037811 everything to the tee and I did that for my first two bucks
+P-AWqB1QItY-00070-00037811-00038421 and I was like all right whatever yeah but what I was doing on the side was I
+P-AWqB1QItY-00071-00038421-00038874 was learning from every single other publishing blog I could and we kept
+P-AWqB1QItY-00072-00038874-00039465 learning because one course will not teach you everything if anyone says that
+P-AWqB1QItY-00073-00039465-00039904 their course is the end-all and Beall you should only follow their course
+P-AWqB1QItY-00074-00039904-00040327 I'd run in the opposite direction if somebody who says that because that's so
+P-AWqB1QItY-00075-00040327-00041068 not the right way of doing things right because you know I'm so I did those
+P-AWqB1QItY-00076-00041068-00041530 first two books followed it and the third book I was like hey let me let me
+P-AWqB1QItY-00077-00041530-00041884 try something else I don't like how I was doing all of this and using all my
+P-AWqB1QItY-00078-00041884-00042289 time to do this so I'm not going to do that this time and I published my third
+P-AWqB1QItY-00079-00042289-00043126 book and lo and behold my results were better and I did less effort so that
+P-AWqB1QItY-00080-00043126-00043783 really you know it was like huh okay I'm kind of on to something there and you
+P-AWqB1QItY-00081-00043783-00044176 know I kept doing that with different books even today I still publish books
+P-AWqB1QItY-00082-00044176-00044812 and I'll try new things because the Amazon it's always evolving is always
+P-AWqB1QItY-00083-00044812-00045301 changing no one has all the answers so you have to make sure that don't be
+P-AWqB1QItY-00084-00045301-00045748 afraid to go out and try things now when you're new and money's tight you know
+P-AWqB1QItY-00085-00045748-00046429 don't spend money on more things limit your budget okay in fact when you're new
+P-AWqB1QItY-00086-00046429-00046810 you should be spending the zero money on promotion you know except for when
+P-AWqB1QItY-00087-00046810-00047269 you're doing your VA promotion with the reviews but you shouldn't be spending
+P-AWqB1QItY-00088-00047269-00048355 any money on promotion outside of that so you need to make sure that you're you
+P-AWqB1QItY-00089-00048355-00048670 follow things but you also question things and don't be afraid to try out
+P-AWqB1QItY-00090-00048670-00049108 other things you know I spoke about this in another video I did the other day
+P-AWqB1QItY-00091-00049108-00049588 that Amazon pay-per-click ads right now I'm getting some great results with
+P-AWqB1QItY-00092-00049588-00050104 someone like my ads and so many people have told me that they don't really work
+P-AWqB1QItY-00093-00050104-00050584 and they're not that profitable well I'm making money off them so because in
+P-AWqB1QItY-00094-00050584-00051391 reality is you know people who are who's designed of course is not saying
+P-AWqB1QItY-00095-00051391-00051925 anything wrong but they're they design it based on their experience right your
+P-AWqB1QItY-00096-00051925-00052422 experience can be totally different right so some courses promote that
+P-AWqB1QItY-00097-00052422-00053252 social media is not a big it's just waste time my top-selling book
+P-AWqB1QItY-00098-00053252-00053798 be dead without social media promotion I constantly involved in social media for
+P-AWqB1QItY-00099-00053798-00054329 that news my readers reach out to me they invite me to events they you know I
+P-AWqB1QItY-00100-00054329-00054808 send a tweet out to buy a book to review a book and I get reviews and sales right
+P-AWqB1QItY-00101-00054808-00055591 away because of that social media is huge for that one niche I'm it so make
+P-AWqB1QItY-00102-00055591-00056123 sure that you question you follow that you question you know wherever you're
+P-AWqB1QItY-00103-00056123-00056432 getting your advice um I hope that I hope that really makes sense because
+P-AWqB1QItY-00104-00056432-00056852 that seem like kind of a long-winded answer so anyways so what are what are
+P-AWqB1QItY-00105-00056852-00057342 some other more tactical things that you could be doing to to make your first
+P-AWqB1QItY-00106-00057342-00057977 thousand dollars as well understand that you need to invest money and you know
+P-AWqB1QItY-00107-00057977-00058480 whether I whether or not you have 500 dollars to invest or a hundred dollars
+P-AWqB1QItY-00108-00058480-00058795 to invest it doesn't matter but you do need to invest money you have to invest
+P-AWqB1QItY-00109-00058795-00059437 money in books and good quality books not five thousand words and none of that
+P-AWqB1QItY-00110-00059437-00060170 proper quality looks seventy five to ten thousand minimum books and not word
+P-AWqB1QItY-00111-00060170-00060754 books on actual book books but you know know that you have to invest a little
+P-AWqB1QItY-00112-00060754-00061052 bit of money because there's not saying it takes money to make money and this
+P-AWqB1QItY-00113-00061052-00061523 business is just like that you know you have to spend money to make money and
+P-AWqB1QItY-00114-00061523-00061966 you know now I'm at the point I was just doing some some of my reports and
+P-AWqB1QItY-00115-00061966-00062466 publishing cost last month for just under one thousand dollars the highest
+P-AWqB1QItY-00116-00062466-00062939 endeavor but I'm doing that now because I have a lot more money so I'm in the
+P-AWqB1QItY-00117-00062939-00063452 process right now it's scaling up so I'm spending more money knowing that that
+P-AWqB1QItY-00118-00063452-00063904 money will start coming in over the next few weeks and months but when I was new
+P-AWqB1QItY-00119-00063904-00064394 hey I just I was just I was spending as little as possible I was doing as much
+P-AWqB1QItY-00120-00064394-00064901 work myself as possible to keep costs down and to keep you know my pocket my
+P-AWqB1QItY-00121-00064901-00065464 revenue and income as high as possible I also kept you know I remember when I was
+P-AWqB1QItY-00122-00065464-00065900 coming up with my first little bit of money you know I had some savings but
+P-AWqB1QItY-00123-00065900-00066317 then also every every paycheck I was getting for my job I think I was just
+P-AWqB1QItY-00124-00066317-00066635 taking 10% of it right away before I did anything else
+P-AWqB1QItY-00125-00066635-00067124 and I was just putting that in to my Amazon business just 10% of every
+P-AWqB1QItY-00126-00067124-00067630 paycheck before I paid for anything it was just 10% in to the Amazon business
+P-AWqB1QItY-00127-00067630-00068192 because that was my ticket out so I wanted to make sure I filled that before
+P-AWqB1QItY-00128-00068192-00069098 our fueled anything else so but what else so we have point number one I have
+P-AWqB1QItY-00129-00069098-00069704 a strong mindset point number two don't follow blindly
+P-AWqB1QItY-00130-00069704-00070649 don't be afraid to try out new things and point number three is be willing to
+P-AWqB1QItY-00131-00070649-00071210 invest a little bit of money you know looking back on my experience on you
+P-AWqB1QItY-00132-00071210-00071540 know what it took me to make my first thousand dollars is I guess the fourth
+P-AWqB1QItY-00133-00071540-00072080 point I talked about is be patient this is key it's something I still continue
+P-AWqB1QItY-00134-00072080-00072668 to work on today but patience is so key understanding it's going to take time it
+P-AWqB1QItY-00135-00072668-00073178 took me about four and a half months to make my first thousand dollars you know
+P-AWqB1QItY-00136-00073178-00073682 I worked with somebody who you know the book that if you are following my launch
+P-AWqB1QItY-00137-00073682-00074186 of the front row front row factor book it made over a thousand dollars its
+P-AWqB1QItY-00138-00074186-00074837 first day so that individual is pretty happy with that result but it takes
+P-AWqB1QItY-00139-00074837-00075515 patience it takes patience so just know that you need to be in it for a slightly
+P-AWqB1QItY-00140-00075515-00075977 long it's not a get-rich-quick scheme right that the snobby Kindle publishing
+P-AWqB1QItY-00141-00075977-00076418 is it's something that takes work and you have to build it up the right way to
+P-AWqB1QItY-00142-00076418-00077102 start getting getting you know the return on your investment so yeah that's
+P-AWqB1QItY-00143-00077102-00077774 definitely a key one definitely a key one for for new publishers number five
+P-AWqB1QItY-00144-00077774-00078299 here's a good one here's a good one reach out to those more successful than
+P-AWqB1QItY-00145-00078299-00079160 you and get help I did that quite a bit and you know I just I I Facebook message
+P-AWqB1QItY-00146-00079160-00079862 people and and you know I'm ever so grateful for for them responding to me
+P-AWqB1QItY-00147-00079862-00080207 and I think almost everyone responded to me and you
+P-AWqB1QItY-00148-00080207-00080489 know they were just people in other Facebook groups and I was kind of
+P-AWqB1QItY-00149-00080489-00080841 reading and I saw they were making some money so I was like I should ask that
+P-AWqB1QItY-00150-00080841-00081308 person you know question and I still do that from time to time and I'm so
+P-AWqB1QItY-00151-00081308-00081881 grateful when I get a response from them because you know it they're coming you
+P-AWqB1QItY-00152-00081881-00082218 know give them back and know I'm like that or you guys know with it
+P-AWqB1QItY-00153-00082218-00082605 if you've messaged me on Facebook or send me an email and you know I respond
+P-AWqB1QItY-00154-00082605-00083130 and because I want to be able to kind of give back and you know keep it all
+P-AWqB1QItY-00155-00083130-00083531 flowing so reach out to others who were more successful than you you know
+P-AWqB1QItY-00156-00083531-00083892 whether it's me or other people but reach out to them because by doing that
+P-AWqB1QItY-00157-00083892-00084314 you shorten your learning curve right learn from their mistakes so you don't
+P-AWqB1QItY-00158-00084314-00084926 make them you know my my mentor for example he was you know he was a guy
+P-AWqB1QItY-00159-00084926-00085424 that you know I knew he was successful and you know I sent him a message in
+P-AWqB1QItY-00160-00085424-00085883 December I think it was and he's like hit me up in January and I knew that was
+P-AWqB1QItY-00161-00085883-00086643 a test because if I didn't because I bet a lot of people don't right but if I get
+P-AWqB1QItY-00162-00086643-00087077 it and you know what if then he ensured that I wasn't wasting his time but I did
+P-AWqB1QItY-00163-00087077-00087602 it fold up again and again and again and you know it's had a huge impact on my
+P-AWqB1QItY-00164-00087602-00088167 business so make sure you reach out to people who are more successful than you
+P-AWqB1QItY-00165-00088167-00088889 so anyways believe those are five tips they're those tips to help you make your
+P-AWqB1QItY-00166-00088889-00089304 first thousand dollars into publishing obviously there's more I'll continue to
+P-AWqB1QItY-00167-00089304-00089780 do videos like this but hey let me call you on it right now what's one thing
+P-AWqB1QItY-00168-00089780-00090182 that you want some work on that you want to work on in your publishing business
+P-AWqB1QItY-00169-00090182-00090683 today let me know in the comment section below and I'll see if I can help you out
+P-AWqB1QItY-00170-00090683-00091116 with that but other than that guys give it a thumbs up to this video help should
+P-AWqB1QItY-00171-00091116-00091577 we do more of these tips tips videos let me know if the thumbs up appreciate that
+P-AWqB1QItY-00172-00091577-00092045 and as always if you're new hate nice to meet you check out the other videos on
+P-AWqB1QItY-00173-00092045-00092432 my channel please consider so that consider subscribing if you like what
+P-AWqB1QItY-00174-00092432-00092938 you're seeing and till next time guys take care
+P-AWqB1QItY-00175-00093214-00094316 point number two was a shut what was point number two
+P-AWqB1QItY-00176-00094351-00095429 point number two all right
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00000-00000114-00000474 Do you know how it feels to be treated differently?
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00001-00001126-00001374 Do people think you are less capable?
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00002-00001382-00001586 Do they leave you out of decisions
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00003-00001594-00001786 or not take you seriously?
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00004-00002230-00002550 Sometimes such situations are very clear,
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00005-00002558-00002870 at other times you may not be quite so sure.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00006-00002986-00003142 Discrimination occurs
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00007-00003150-00003434 when people are treated worse than others,
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00008-00003442-00003550 enjoy less rights
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00009-00003558-00003846 or have their personal boundaries crossed.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00010-00003938-00004174 People are discriminated against
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00011-00004182-00004574 because they belong to, or are assumed to belong to, a certain group.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00012-00004582-00004954 Often people are discriminated against for several reasons.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00013-00005034-00005358 Discrimination violates fundamental human rights
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00014-00005366-00005558 and is forbidden by law.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00015-00005566-00005930 You have a right to full participation in society
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00016-00005938-00006150 and to be treated with respect.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00017-00006230-00006398 You can defend yourself.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00018-00006450-00006781 People act differently when discrimination occurs.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00019-00006830-00007081 Sometimes they decide to do nothing.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00020-00007090-00007306 In other cases, they fight back,
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00021-00007314-00007618 on their own or together with other people.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00022-00007858-00008126 Sometimes professional support can help.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00023-00008234-00008474 This is what we are here for.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00024-00008482-00008946 Advice centres can help you come to terms with these experiences
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00025-00008954-00009194 and to demand equal treatment.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00026-00009310-00009558 We provide a space where you can talk.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00027-00009630-00009942 We want you to feel understood and safe.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00028-00010014-00010414 We listen without questioning what you have experienced.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00029-00010502-00010718 Where situations are unclear,
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00030-00010726-00011038 we can obtain statements or conduct tests.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00031-00011446-00011630 Many people who seek our help
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00032-00011638-00011978 hope we can make the other side take on responsibility.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00033-00011986-00012250 Maybe you're expecting an apology, 
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00034-00012258-00012366 compensation
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00035-00012374-00012654 or a change in their views or behaviour.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00036-00012794-00012990 We write letters of complaint
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00037-00012997-00013254 and accompany you during mediations.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00038-00013262-00013502 Particularly when a lot is at stake,
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00039-00013510-00013858 people seeking help need discrimination to end.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00040-00013866-00014166 Yet they also fear that things could get worse
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00041-00014174-00014366 because they are taking action.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00042-00014474-00014646 We help you to understand
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00043-00014654-00014846 the legal action you can take.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00044-00014854-00015022 We also provide support
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00045-00015030-00015218 if you decide to go to court
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00046-00015226-00015418 or make your case public.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00047-00016310-00016534 Together we try to work out
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00048-00016542-00016774 what you do or don’t want.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00049-00016782-00017154 We help you develop and implement suitable strategies
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00050-00017162-00017426 or implement them on your behalf.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00051-00017458-00017554 You decide.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00052-00017658-00017806 Consultations are free.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00053-00017814-00018006 We are on your side
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00054-00018014-00018242 and represent your interests.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00055-00018250-00018442 We work confidentially
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00056-00018450-00018710 and do not pass on any information.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00057-00018718-00019018 You decide what we should or should not do.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00058-00019078-00019302 We are independent advice centres
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00059-00019310-00019582 and do not belong to a public authority.
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00060-00019654-00019810 Feel free to contact us
+PCPJVCYQlHk-00061-00019818-00020066 if you need support or have a question.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00000-00000063-00000699 Thank you very much Edoardo, stimulating, a lot to think through there.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00001-00000699-00001223 Your opportunity now to put your questions to us.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00002-00001223-00001718 If you can make sure you tell us your name and where you are coming from and if you can
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00003-00001718-00002197 keep your questions to the point so we can get in many questionns from all of you
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00004-00002197-00003297 both here and wherever you happen to be and on Livestream.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00005-00003297-00004785 Dev Kodwani, FBL: Thank you Edoardo, a very stimulating talk.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00006-00004785-00005174 My question is in two parts.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00007-00005174-00006073 One is that starting where we ended in terms of trespassing the boundaries of discourse
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00008-00006073-00006326 on context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00009-00006326-00006896 We had Albert Hirschman arguing in the economics field that towards the end of his life he
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00010-00006896-00007822 started writing much more trans-disciplinary, so I think this is welcome if this could be
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00011-00007822-00008123 done in the public administration and management area.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00012-00008123-00008938 So this argument is very powerful because we know that innovation happens at the boundaries.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00013-00008938-00009756 The question is how do you empirically operationalise this?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00014-00009756-00010699 Let’s say we want to do research in that area, in other social sciences, humanities
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00015-00010699-00011249 taking the analytical apparatus that you proposed here about understanding impact of context
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00016-00011249-00011527 on practice.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00017-00011527-00012702 Because we will have this challenge of compatibility, that we make in social sciences and humanities
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00018-00012702-00012802 and so on.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00019-00012802-00013516 That’s one question how do we operationalise such a trans-subject or discipline.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00020-00013516-00014266 The second question is that you looked at it from the Western philosophical prospective.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00021-00014266-00014926 So I am struggling to understand your argument earlier about China.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00022-00014926-00015388 For example you talked about civilizational differences.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00023-00015388-00016037 Do you think it is not just about the culture and the civilizational thing but there might
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00024-00016037-00016698 be even philosophical reasons behind those differences that you talked about in the public
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00025-00016698-00017179 administration in countries in Asia or other parts of the world?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00026-00017179-00017324 Thank you.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00027-00017324-00017829 Edoardo: Thank you very much for these two great questions.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00028-00017829-00018215 The first one is how we move on with our empirical work.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00029-00018215-00018962 They will say that we needed to systematically use the comparative method.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00030-00018962-00019404 It is comparing across contexts.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00031-00019404-00020095 In terms of more practically I think more and more this kind of research is enabled
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00032-00020095-00020451 by networks of teams of researchers.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00033-00020451-00020940 So strong teams within one institution, as we are trying to create in so many fields
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00034-00020940-00021207 here in the OU.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00035-00021207-00021866 In wider networks whereby we get the same level of in-depth access, empirical as well
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00036-00021866-00022501 theoretically, to organisations or institutions or policies or practices or whatever, into
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00037-00022501-00022976 another context and working together over a long timeframe.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00038-00022976-00023885 I think this is really a cultural way of organising research in the 21st century.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00039-00023885-00024279 Strong teams, very strongly networked.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00040-00024279-00024670 The second question is absolutely fascinating.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00041-00024670-00025279 What we are trying to do with colleagues in other regions and civilisations of the world
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00042-00025279-00025916 is really to first of all get on the same page in terms of some key research agenda
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00043-00025916-00026016 issues.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00044-00026016-00026902 What is it that we aim to explain and how can we harmonise the ways in which we conceive
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00045-00026902-00027058 of context?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00046-00027058-00027732 Once we have done that more and more it is about doing research in depth across regions
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00047-00027732-00028263 of the world and civilisations, which is why we are trying to develop some partnerships
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00048-00028263-00028844 with Universities in China, South Singapore, South East Asia and hopefully India and other
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00049-00028844-00029311 parts because that really gives the edge to research.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00050-00029311-00029872 Then we can revisit our research questions and develop our research projects enlightened
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00051-00029872-00030783 by this broad traversing across contexts even at the level of civilisations which of course
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00052-00030783-00032652 do exist and are very important.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00053-00032652-00033039 Aaron Hamed, from a local community project.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00054-00033039-00033313 Thank you for your presentation.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00055-00033313-00033669 My question is regarding the strategic management.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00056-00033669-00034474 Earlier you mentioned contextual influences and achieving strategic management in a public
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00057-00034474-00034574 service organisation.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00058-00034574-00034795 I was just wondering how it will influence.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00059-00034795-00036595 Can you give us another example of this to understand more?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00060-00036595-00037285 Jean Hartley, colleague of Edoardo’s in FBL: Thank you for a really thought-provoking
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00061-00037285-00037738 Inaugural Lecture, I really enjoyed it.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00062-00037738-00038247 I wanted to ask you a bit about dynamism in context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00063-00038247-00038843 Because what you’ve talked about so far is mainly about enlightening us about different
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00064-00038843-00039175 ways of categorising context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00065-00039175-00039775 But there’s a really interesting agenda perhaps around when context changes, either
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00066-00039775-00040072 slowly or suddenly.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00067-00040072-00040697 You might think about the day after the Brexit referendum, suddenly the UK is in a very different
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00068-00040697-00041059 context than it was previously.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00069-00041059-00041749 That changing context may happen at organisational level or sector level, country level or actually
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00070-00041749-00041971 global level.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00071-00041971-00042519 I wondered if you had any comments on changing contexts and what insights you might draw
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00072-00042519-00042743 on there.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00073-00042743-00043563 Edoardo: We will go in reverse order so we can have a seamless continuation of our talk.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00074-00043563-00043794 Yes that is actually crucial.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00075-00043794-00044224 The tempo I didn’t mention it, but I am very pleased to do it now.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00076-00044224-00044565 The temporal dimension of context is crucial.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00077-00044565-00045265 Actually when we talked about historicism as an approach to framing context, it is really
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00078-00045265-00045696 about bringing time and the temporal dimension as a crucial dimension of context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00079-00045696-00046073 So the same place is not the same context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00080-00046073-00046900 To put it in a plain way, the OU is here and has been here over 50 years but of course
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00081-00046900-00047587 it is not in the same context now as it used to be when it was established.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00082-00047587-00047934 So the temporal dimension is absolutely crucial.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00083-00047934-00048820 The only practical implication is that it entails an even better worked out analytical
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00084-00048820-00049041 framework to interpret it.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00085-00049041-00049966 Thank you for the question on context in strategic management which is actually a core area of
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00086-00049966-00050188 research for me.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00087-00050188-00050529 Yes we try to conceptualise contextual influences along two dimensions.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00088-00050529-00051552 The kind of autonomy that it enables those making strategy in a public organisation to
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00089-00051552-00051870 make their choices and the kind of accountability.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00090-00051870-00052344 What you are held accountable for.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00091-00052344-00053113 Another example which is also a very active area of research here at The Open University
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00092-00053113-00053624 and across Europe is actually the security and police and policing sector.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00093-00053624-00054284 There you can really see how embedded into the culture of governance, the policy styles
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00094-00054284-00054739 and so on of that country is the police system.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00095-00054739-00055515 Here in the UK we are accustomed to having a number of police services.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00096-00055515-00055779 But in other countries they just have one.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00097-00055779-00056569 So actually it’s a discovery just crossing the Channel or travelling from one European
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00098-00056569-00057276 country to another when you consider the role of police and security when we transit from
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00099-00057276-00057688 liberal democracies to other political regimes.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00100-00057688-00059219 We cannot do research pretending that these differences
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00101-00059219-00059771 do not exist they are cultural.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00102-00059771-00060216 Joanna Ramus Bikera via Facebook Live: It seems to me that especially in Spain one of
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00103-00060216-00060651 the problems with public administration is the level of corruption there is in both the
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00104-00060651-00060986 public sector and at a political level.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00105-00060986-00061680 It seems that although a democratic country now, the dictatorship is very much still engrained
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00106-00061680-00061860 in practices.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00107-00061860-00062277 Is this because of the corruption?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00108-00062277-00062995 Edoardo: This is actually a very crucial question.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00109-00062995-00063620 Corruption both in the formal sense when you have bribery, but also when you have exchange
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00110-00063620-00064175 of favours which go beyond impartiality that in public administration and the public service
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00111-00064175-00064390 should be guaranteed, is a key issue.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00112-00064390-00064844 We know that this defers across countries across politics, across jurisdictions.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00113-00064844-00065444 We wouldn’t really understand how public services are managed if we don’t take these
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00114-00065444-00065558 two into the picture.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00115-00065558-00066062 This is a very important suggestion and a very important line of analysis for all those
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00116-00066062-00067224 who are doing contextual analysis.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00117-00067224-00067783 Alessandro via Twitter: Is there a recipe for overcoming the intransigent feature of
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00118-00067783-00068250 context or are contexts really intransigent because they are built according to a mix
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00119-00068250-00068720 of unique structures, historic complex and social relations?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00120-00068720-00069468 Edoardo: Thank you Alessandro for this very challenging and very important question.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00121-00069468-00069651 That’s another temporal dimension to context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00122-00069651-00070064 To some extent it also depends on how context is interpreted.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00123-00070064-00070916 Of course in identity politics as well, living in this time in so many countries, in a sense
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00124-00070916-00071356 it is those political dynamics that make contexts more intransigent.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00125-00071356-00071834 We are unique and so we pretend that our institutions are unique.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00126-00071834-00072314 We make both the work of scholars studying and comparing institutions across contexts.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00127-00072314-00072845 The work of practitioners that want to learn from the experience of other countries and
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00128-00072845-00073236 other policies, we make that work more difficult.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00129-00073236-00074005 There is also a temporal dimension also to the extent to which the context may be conceived
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00130-00074005-00074343 and actually may be intransigent or not.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00131-00074343-00074967 Alright, any more from you?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00132-00074967-00075383 This is from John on Facebook Live and by the way, there’s loads and loads of hello
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00133-00075383-00075948 messages and lots and lots of support coming in from our online guests this evening.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00134-00075948-00076467 So this one is: can public policy and the principle of public policy management and
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00135-00076467-00077037 decision-making be applied to organisations that transcend both public and private sectors?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00136-00077037-00077487 Public transport systems in the UK are in the main operated by private companies but
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00137-00077487-00077776 are influenced in some way by public policy.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00138-00077776-00078436 Could we in the transport sector use the methods presented for effective decision-making and
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00139-00078436-00078964 public policy influencing while remaining sensitive to economic business and cultural
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00140-00078964-00079080 needs.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00141-00079080-00079481 Edoardo: Thank you John for this question.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00142-00079481-00080049 It is of course very important and topical on which to elaborate.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00143-00080049-00080538 It’s also a challenge to our colleagues across the business school here at the OU,
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00144-00080538-00080946 and of course across Europe and the world.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00145-00080946-00081313 How much is context taken into account, also in business studies.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00146-00081313-00081902 From my viewpoint I can say that the grey area, the area in-between the purely public
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00147-00081902-00082257 and the purely private sector, is larger and larger.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00148-00082257-00082966 So more and more we need to bring our frame for analysing contextual influences into that
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00149-00082966-00083905 grey bordering so important area, which involves both public and privately delivered services.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00150-00083905-00084348 So definitely this is an area for more and more research and enquiry.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00151-00084348-00085045 Lucian: Some really great contributions there from social media.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00152-00085045-00085973 Emma Bell from FBL: Thank you Edoardo, I enjoyed that talk.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00153-00085973-00086529 I wonder if you could speak a little bit more about methods?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00154-00086529-00087019 I didn’t get a sense from your talk about what you felt the appropriate or necessary
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00155-00087019-00087399 methods were for looking at context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00156-00087399-00088254 I did notice the slide where you talked about causality which I would see as associated
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00157-00088254-00088993 with a particular kind of epistemology and I wondered what you would say to say qualitative
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00158-00088993-00089645 researchers who might say that context has to be studied in depth?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00159-00089645-00090495 Edoardo: First of all from your question we know what wonderful hands our PhD students
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00160-00090495-00091068 are in because Professor Emma Bell is responsible for PhD students across the faculty.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00161-00091068-00091333 Actually your question is crucial.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00162-00091333-00091764 The good thing here is that you have also provided me with at least half if not more
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00163-00091764-00091864 of the answer.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00164-00091864-00092079 So we will build on that as well.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00165-00092079-00092341 You are right it’s about qualitative methods as well.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00166-00092341-00092508 It’s about reflecting on epistemology.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00167-00092508-00093306 It’s about the kind of causality that we employ which is often linked also to qualitative
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00168-00093306-00094013 research methods whereby the configuration of causes or multiple conjunctional causation.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00169-00094013-00094501 Basically what we have is that to try to explain the complicated outcomes, what we need to
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00170-00094501-00094786 look at is the configuration of causes.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00171-00094786-00095297 Different configurations actually may produce the same outcome or vice versa.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00172-00095297-00096235 So what we need is to be more flexible methodologically, epistemologically, and working with this equally
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00173-00096235-00097164 sophisticated but less implied notions of causality, than are most often found in everyday
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00174-00097164-00097588 research work, and we needed to do it comparatively.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00175-00097588-00098368 To do that we need both sophistication and quality methods, as well as good teams of
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00176-00098368-00098885 researchers, networked more and more across Europe and across the world.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00177-00098885-00099478 So that’s another challenge and we need to work and invest also in personal relations
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00178-00099478-00101220 to set up a stronger scholarly community in our fields of enquiry.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00179-00101220-00101907 Steve from DMU, Leicester: I’m asking you a question a student asked me yesterday.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00180-00101907-00102504 They said to me what’s the difference between strategy and environment?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00181-00102504-00102783 I said you tell me.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00182-00102783-00103378 People talk about strategic environment, is there a difference between strategic context
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00183-00103378-00103550 and strategic environment?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00184-00103550-00104124 Secondly, you might think that context is perhaps as one context, I don’t know.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00185-00104124-00104765 We talk about context but can there be a hierarchy of contexts?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00186-00104765-00105353 For example, in Haringey with baby P, obviously that caused a crisis within that organisation
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00187-00105353-00105582 and that context became the dominant one.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00188-00105582-00106122 It probably in some way undermined other contexts but also then created things like emotion
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00189-00106122-00106574 and loss and fear which I’ve not heard you talk about, some of those emotional issues
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00190-00106574-00106784 that one might attribute to context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00191-00106784-00108435 It would be useful to hear your comments on that.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00192-00108435-00109303 Peter Bloom from FBL: I had a question and you touched on it in your most recent book.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00193-00109303-00109723 Not so much about the context of public administration, but the ways in which public administration
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00194-00109723-00109894 itself shapes context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00195-00109894-00110356 What I mean by that is that administration itself is a particular discourse that helps
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00196-00110356-00110548 to shape the questions that are asked.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00197-00110548-00110958 So if for instance you are in a country like the United States which doesn’t have a strong
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00198-00110958-00111336 administrative discourse, and even though it’s a liberal democracy has a very strong
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00199-00111336-00111764 policing discourse, the kinds of questions that that context is going to raise is very
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00200-00111764-00111864 different.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00201-00111864-00112526 I wanted to know in what ways is administration itself something that shapes context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00202-00112526-00112814 Secondly, how is context itself a discourse?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00203-00112814-00113324 I think you have seen previous attempts to talk about context from French anthropology
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00204-00113324-00113725 in the 1950s to British sociology in the 1970s.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00205-00113725-00113961 These are different forms of essentialism.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00206-00113961-00114097 In what ways are we avoiding them now?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00207-00114097-00114553 I think one of the key ways we talk about context now is things like the economic context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00208-00114553-00114954 So we will say it’s a hyper competitive economic context, which has an essentialist
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00209-00114954-00115507 ring to it as if we can’t avoid this capitalist competitive context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00210-00115507-00116004 So in that sense in what ways can we make sure that context as a discourse isn’t used
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00211-00116004-00116491 for essentialised purposes?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00212-00116491-00117876 Jo Jordan: I’m thinking about the three levels you used.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00213-00117876-00118573 I would normally think of levels macro, meso and micro in ways in which we also define
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00214-00118573-00118852 the relationships between those levels.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00215-00118852-00119249 So I didn’t hear you mention how you would define those relationships.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00216-00119249-00119916 Of course in the context of public management or administration, what we think about those
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00217-00119916-00120442 relationships at a society level is embedded in the law and therefore becomes a public
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00218-00120442-00120710 statement of opinion as well.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00219-00120710-00121133 That’s my question there about the relationships.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00220-00121133-00122138 Edoardo: We will start with the last question and follow the order.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00221-00122138-00122507 Because the question of relationships between levels is crucial.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00222-00122507-00123093 I think this is, to an important extent, in the eyes of the beholder.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00223-00123093-00124021 So it’s up to the scholar to frame in such a way that the levels of context may make
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00224-00124021-00124921 sense as a function of explaining better public management, the workings of public organisations
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00225-00124921-00125140 or a public policy.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00226-00125140-00125665 To some extent the analytical inter-relationships depend on the way in which the scholar is
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00227-00125665-00126308 framing theoretically this issue to better our understanding of the given public management
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00228-00126308-00126496 problem.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00229-00126496-00127311 Which in a sense is also one of the two questions of Steve about the levels of context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00230-00127311-00127808 The other one is equally challenging it is about distinguishing, in strategic management
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00231-00127808-00128352 in particular and in business studies more generally, between context and environment
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00232-00128352-00128925 which possibly form the main hurdle to getting our book published.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00233-00128925-00129383 We were so unsure about how to frame this, especially at the beginning, that we were
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00234-00129383-00129741 saying that we cannot publish it until we have solved this, which is why it took some
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00235-00129741-00130309 years, not only that but that was a key cause.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00236-00130309-00130939 What also colleagues in the Christopher Pollitt book on context tried to do is think of the
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00237-00130939-00131254 environment as the most immediate explanation.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00238-00131254-00131916 Yes those causes are somehow triggered, enabled or inhibited, it depends, a combination of
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00239-00131916-00132211 these, by the bolder context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00240-00132211-00132895 So seeing the bolder context as an enabler or an inhibiter, and then the most immediate
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00241-00132895-00133698 as the kind of environmental influences on the organisation that we are studying in our
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00242-00133698-00133860 research work.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00243-00133860-00135216 Then there was the questions by Peter, to what extent our object of investigation, the
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00244-00135216-00135744 ‘contexted’ to use that terminology, is a shaper of context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00245-00135744-00136378 So going beyond linear, one way, mono-directional interpretation of causality.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00246-00136378-00136708 This is absolutely crucial.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00247-00136708-00137076 The direct answer is yes of course.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00248-00137076-00137586 The public administration and the public sector is to some extent the shaper of its own context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00249-00137586-00138483 But the second part of the answer is that conceptions of public governance may matter
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00250-00138483-00139165 a lot which links to your second and equally powerful question, to the issue of how do
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00251-00139165-00139630 we treat discourse and discourses and competing discourses.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00252-00139630-00140362 You also mentioned neo-liberalism, capitalist discourse and so on.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00253-00140362-00140986 I think of course this is a huge question with huge ramifications.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00254-00140986-00141634 Yet I would say that here again if you look at the discourse of institutionalism, it may
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00255-00141634-00142521 help us to see how discourses become institutions themselves, and in this way part of the context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00256-00142521-00143230 But also perhaps especially in certain junctures, the most malleable part of the context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00257-00143230-00144109 Because of course all in all this claim may be untested, but it may be relatively easier
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00258-00144109-00144848 to reshape a discourse than actually tearing apart, breaking down and re-establishing Capitol
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00259-00144848-00145310 Hill to continue with the US, because of course there’s the Constitution, luckily.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00260-00145310-00146375 So tends to have the strongest ability than discourses to some extent
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00261-00146375-00146583 at least.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00262-00146583-00147287 This is a crucial part of the explanation.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00263-00147287-00147706 Ralph Alter via Facebook Live: Congratulations Edoardo.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00264-00147706-00148565 What about converging contexts such as loss of trust in public administrations?
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00265-00148565-00149164 Edoardo: This is a very important question.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00266-00149164-00149691 There is a stream of research in public management about trust.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00267-00149691-00150582 How trust is built, how trust is developed and also how very suddenly trust can be wiped
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00268-00150582-00150701 off.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00269-00150701-00151527 So this is correct, trust can become at some point part of the context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00270-00151527-00152244 There are scholars who are trying to measure the level of trust in public services but
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00271-00152244-00152685 also the extent to which public servants trust the people.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00272-00152685-00153392 The citizens have to serve, also the level of trust between and amongst public organisations.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00273-00153392-00153657 So trust within the public sector.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00274-00153657-00153775 So you are right.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00275-00153775-00154315 Trust is a crucial variable and to some extent the stock of trust which is there and may
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00276-00154315-00154727 also be depleted is another crucial component of context.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00277-00154727-00155315 That is another very good part of the picture and a very complex picture we are trying to
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00278-00155315-00155429 analyse tonight.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00279-00155429-00155729 Lucian: It’s been a great lecture.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00280-00155729-00156169 There are clearly many questions, we could carry on couldn’t we.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00281-00156169-00156759 Lots of nods there.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00282-00156759-00156994 But we need to draw things to a conclusion here.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00283-00156994-00157180 Obviously, you’ve clearly enjoyed it.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00284-00157180-00157810 If there are more questions I am sure you could write in and can we just give a big
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00285-00157810-00158546 round of applause to Edoardo for an excellent Inaugural.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00286-00158546-00158926 That’s real acclaim.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00287-00158926-00159635 There are opportunities of course here at The Open University to study the curriculum
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00288-00159635-00159915 related to Edoardo’s topic tonight.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00289-00159915-00160350 Some relevant courses are listed on the slide displaying now.
+PF7yjM2CRiU-00290-00160350-00160414 Thank you very much.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00000-00000247-00000827 From DailyDoseOfWeirdNews.com, I’m Darren Marlar and this is your Daily Dose of Weird
+PHR7dEsmulo-00001-00000827-00000967 News...
+PHR7dEsmulo-00002-00000967-00001466 This episode is brought to you by the audiobook, "Your Haunted Lives, True Tales of the Paranormal"
+PHR7dEsmulo-00003-00001466-00001975 by G. Michael Vasey - a collection of creepy, often downright chilling true experiences
+PHR7dEsmulo-00004-00001975-00002382 of the strange and weird that will keep you looking over your shoulder! Hear a free sample
+PHR7dEsmulo-00005-00002382-00003019 and support Marlar House by downloading the audiobook for yourself at DailyDoseOfWeirdNews.com.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00006-00003019-00003559 Following an interview by conspiracy theorist Alex Jones with "activist" and (alleged) former
+PHR7dEsmulo-00007-00003559-00004161 CIA clandestine services case officer Robert David Steele, NASA was forced over the holiday
+PHR7dEsmulo-00008-00004161-00004737 weekend announce that it is not running a child slave colony on Mars. ***Well thank
+PHR7dEsmulo-00009-00004737-00005293 goodness that story's not true! I was worried about poor little Martian children there for
+PHR7dEsmulo-00010-00005293-00005491 a second!
+PHR7dEsmulo-00011-00005491-00006060 Damon Wayans set off some Twitter fireworks on the 4th of July, calling the day, "Happy
+PHR7dEsmulo-00012-00006060-00006633 white people proud of their racist ancestor's day." That will help me remember which one
+PHR7dEsmulo-00013-00006633-00006818 of the Wayans is the not funny one.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00014-00006818-00007448 Do not skip breakfast, double up. Downing a protein shake an hour after your morning
+PHR7dEsmulo-00015-00007448-00008069 meal can help cut cravings, according to study in the journalAppetite. Active men who chugged
+PHR7dEsmulo-00016-00008069-00008663 whey protein saw their hunger subside immediately by as much as 65 percent. The volume of the
+PHR7dEsmulo-00017-00008663-00009253 shake did not matter. Those who consumed 20, 40, 60, or 80 grams all ate the same number
+PHR7dEsmulo-00018-00009253-00009897 of calories at lunch. ***So J.R.R. Tolkien had it right with the Hobbits… first there’s
+PHR7dEsmulo-00019-00009897-00010245 breakfast, and then there’s second breakfast!
+PHR7dEsmulo-00020-00010245-00010707 Kathy Griffin was recently interviewed by the Secret Service for over an hour. ***It
+PHR7dEsmulo-00021-00010707-00011115 would’ve been only a five-minute meeting, but Kathy couldn’t stop telling jokes to
+PHR7dEsmulo-00022-00011115-00011458 the only captive audience she’s had in weeks.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00023-00011458-00011998 The manhunt for an escaped prisoner in Germany was brief. The search began when wardens went
+PHR7dEsmulo-00024-00011998-00012453 to check in on an inmate after he failed to show up for breakfast, only to find the bars
+PHR7dEsmulo-00025-00012453-00013050 of his cell window were sawed off and he was gone. The prisoner was found hiding in the
+PHR7dEsmulo-00026-00013050-00013591 prison’s attic. ***This is how you ended up in prison to begin with buddy… you didn’t
+PHR7dEsmulo-00027-00013591-00013872 think things through. 
+PHR7dEsmulo-00028-00013872-00014606 Harold Hager was born on May 17, 1917. During his life, Harold served in the Navy during
+PHR7dEsmulo-00029-00014606-00015206 World War II. Afterward, he spent the next 37 years working at Corning Glass Works. After
+PHR7dEsmulo-00030-00015206-00015733 his wife passed away in 2010 he couldn’t just sit around. So he volunteered with Habitat
+PHR7dEsmulo-00031-00015733-00016222 for Humanity in western New York state. There, he does everything from sorting screws to
+PHR7dEsmulo-00032-00016222-00016764 testing light fixtures. And for the second year in a row, Harold volunteered more hours
+PHR7dEsmulo-00033-00016764-00017398 than anyone in the organization. ***At 100 years old! I’m suddenly not feeling all
+PHR7dEsmulo-00034-00017398-00017677 that prideful about putting my shopping cart back correctly.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00035-00017677-00018359 A naked female motorist led Michigan cops on a 25-mile chase over the weekend. The 48-year-old
+PHR7dEsmulo-00036-00018359-00018892 woman, who is from Georgia, topped speeds of 100 miles-an-hour as she weaved in and
+PHR7dEsmulo-00037-00018892-00019437 out of traffic on I-75. State troopers ultimately forced the woman’s vehicle into a utility
+PHR7dEsmulo-00038-00019437-00019940 pole and a ditch to get her to stop. ***On the plus side, Guinness World Records just
+PHR7dEsmulo-00039-00019940-00020354 verified she’s now the fastest streaker in the world!
+PHR7dEsmulo-00040-00020354-00020903 Police in Minnesota had got the word out Tuesday: Don’t stop and take selfies with dead bears
+PHR7dEsmulo-00041-00020903-00021462 on the side of the road. The safety reminder was necessary after a dead black bear was
+PHR7dEsmulo-00042-00021462-00022006 lying on the side of a state highway and the authorities received multiple calls of cars
+PHR7dEsmulo-00043-00022006-00022523 stopping along the side of the road to take pictures with the carcass. ***You didn’t
+PHR7dEsmulo-00044-00022523-00023005 hunt and kill the bear, you didn’t hit it with your own car – you’re just seeing
+PHR7dEsmulo-00045-00023005-00023491 the dead animal on the side of the road and think it’s the perfect opportunity for a
+PHR7dEsmulo-00046-00023491-00024104 selfie?!?! You deserve to hit by a passing car... or attacked by zombie bear.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00047-00024104-00024696 The British parliament has relaxed its dress code, making neckties now only optional. ***The
+PHR7dEsmulo-00048-00024696-00025080 theory is that if a fight breaks out, there will be fewer things that the politicians
+PHR7dEsmulo-00049-00025080-00025191 can use to choke their opponents.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00050-00025191-00025922 A 13-year-old girl told police that her 12-year-old schoolmate first asked her for a Chicken McNugget
+PHR7dEsmulo-00051-00025922-00026451 while inside McDonald’s in New York City’s Harlem neighborhood recently. When she declined,
+PHR7dEsmulo-00052-00026451-00026977 the boy allegedly followed her to a subway station, whipped out a gun and held it to
+PHR7dEsmulo-00053-00026977-00027708 her head. Even at gunpoint, the teen refused to hand over even one Chicken McNugget. The
+PHR7dEsmulo-00054-00027708-00028131 NYPD told the Daily News she knocked the gun away from the boy and told him to leave her
+PHR7dEsmulo-00055-00028131-00028675 alone. Police didn’t recover the gun, but “numerous witnesses” reported seeing it.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00056-00028675-00029188 The boy was charged as a juvenile with attempted robbery and will be prosecuted in family court.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00057-00029188-00029754 ***This is quite possibly the most ludicrous story I’ve ever reported. Refusing to
+PHR7dEsmulo-00058-00029754-00030266 give up a Chicken McNugget with a gun held to your head? I mean, if it was a McDonald’s
+PHR7dEsmulo-00059-00030266-00030632 French fry I could see it… but a McNugget?
+PHR7dEsmulo-00060-00030632-00031222 A woman in China was extremely distraught. So distraught she threatened to jump off a
+PHR7dEsmulo-00061-00031222-00031919 building. She was distraught because she had exceeded her monthly smartphone data limit.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00062-00031919-00032413 She didn’t jump. She went over her data limit because she had been watching soap operas
+PHR7dEsmulo-00063-00032413-00033041 on her phone, which ate up data. ***If anyone on this planet was need of an intervention,
+PHR7dEsmulo-00064-00033041-00033182 it is THIS woman.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00065-00033182-00033717 A recent study by Microsoft revealed that the average person's attention span in this
+PHR7dEsmulo-00066-00033717-00034336 wild world of technology and social media is down to eight seconds. <Pause> A recent
+PHR7dEsmulo-00067-00034336-00034791 study by Microsoft revealed that the average person's attention span in this wild world
+PHR7dEsmulo-00068-00034791-00035315 of technology and social media is down to eight seconds.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00069-00035315-00035766 Never miss a single episode of The Daily Dose of Weird News. Download the FREE Marlar House
+PHR7dEsmulo-00070-00035766-00036219 mobile app. In the app you can find links to my Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, watch
+PHR7dEsmulo-00071-00036219-00036687 other Marlar House YouTube videos, sign up for The Marlar Sheet newsletter to automatically
+PHR7dEsmulo-00072-00036687-00037141 be registered for giveaways, purchase Daily Dose of Weird News t-shirts or mugs, download
+PHR7dEsmulo-00073-00037141-00037614 audiobooks I’ve narrated, see my latest blog posts, and more. The Marlar House mobile
+PHR7dEsmulo-00074-00037614-00038419 app is FREE for IOS and ANDROID users! Download it now by clicking the MOBILE APP tab at DailyDoseOfWeirdNews.com
+PHR7dEsmulo-00075-00038419-00038796 or search for Marlar House in your phone app store!
+PHR7dEsmulo-00076-00038796-00039210 If you like this video, please give it a thumbs up – and be sure to subscribe if you want
+PHR7dEsmulo-00077-00039210-00039697 to see more! And click that little bell icon next to the subscribe button to be notified
+PHR7dEsmulo-00078-00039697-00040200 when I post new videos! And if you’re already an official Weirdo, please share this video
+PHR7dEsmulo-00079-00040200-00040743 on your own social media… Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, and help spread the weirdness!
+PHR7dEsmulo-00080-00040743-00041178 Find even more weird news that I didn’t have time for on the Facebook page at DailyDoseOfWeirdNews.com.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00081-00041178-00041368 I’m Darren Marlar.
+PHR7dEsmulo-00082-00041368-00041551 I’ll see you next time, Weirdos!
+PJ9uQoCrQxo-00000-00000848-00001592 so
+PJ9uQoCrQxo-00001-00002088-00002984 so
+PJ9uQoCrQxo-00002-00003552-00004384 so
+PJ9uQoCrQxo-00003-00006192-00007184 so
+PJ9uQoCrQxo-00004-00009096-00009984 do
+PJ9uQoCrQxo-00005-00013328-00014184 so
+PJ9uQoCrQxo-00006-00015184-00015191 you
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00000-00000003-00000456 what's up what's up what's up YouTube welcome to hardgainer Fitness I'm Jalon
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00001-00000456-00000900 this is the Hardgainer transformation series and in this vlog I'm going to be telling
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00002-00000900-00002100 you all about my weight gain story
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00003-00002100-00002630 what's up everybody welcome back to the channel this is vlog number six this is
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00004-00002630-00003635 week number never remember this last week just got on the scale scale put me
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00005-00003635-00004447 at 167.4 gaining another power but as you can see the weight is coming a
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00006-00004447-00004850 little bit slower than it was in the beginning as I begin a game more weight
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00007-00004850-00005317 I'm gonna have to add just from my macros and my calories and whatnot so
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00008-00005317-00005644 that way I can continue to put on some weight I'm thinking about waiting until
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00009-00005644-00006230 I hit the ten pound mark which is 169 so probably about two more weeks once I hit
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00010-00006230-00006683 that point I'm gonna readjust switch my calories add some more food to my weight
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00011-00006683-00007136 to my white wine add some more food to my meal plan the number one right here
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00012-00007136-00007559 is my smoothie I love starting off my day with a smoothly real easy way to get
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00013-00007559-00008131 the carbs in gonna start off the day with a good amount of energy
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00014-00008867-00009760 alright John so mu number two chicken and rice and some pecans but now on to
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00015-00009760-00010197 the point of today's video if you watch my trailer I talked about how I went
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00016-00010197-00010813 from 129 to 160 here's the story first off a little bit about the meat which I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00017-00010813-00011239 feel like I shouldn't did this like forever ago but just a little bit about
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00018-00011239-00011953 myself my name is Jalan Scott I'm originally from Fort Wayne Indiana born
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00019-00011953-00012503 and raised I'm married been married for five years
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00020-00012503-00013209 two kids three year old and a 10 year old 27 years old I feel like I'm about
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00021-00013209-00014016 52 and a half okay so enough for that anyways it's a story so when I was a
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00022-00014016-00014509 high school Mike Wright this coming up I was always skinny like always I'm
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00023-00014509-00014916 talking about starting from when I was her age we just walked past the screen
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00024-00014916-00015588 up until even though I'm still slim but when I was younger like I'm talking I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00025-00015588-00016069 was so scared that my mom would let me play football in Metro which is like
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00026-00016069-00016344 it's like AAU for football back in Indiana but
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00027-00016344-00016767 she will only play Metro because she felt like I was too small when I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00028-00016767-00017400 graduated high school I was 130 pounds like soaking wet after high school I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00029-00017400-00017802 went to Purdue University fund out of Purdue
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00030-00017802-00018321 while I was while I was at Purdue I weighed about 140 after I left Purdue
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00031-00018321-00018789 went back to fall and stayed there for about a year and while I was in Fort
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00032-00018789-00019044 Wayne that was when I lost like a ton of
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00033-00019044-00019473 weight because I was he I started working and if you watched my first vlog
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00034-00019473-00019785 I told that story about when I was working with my dad that was when I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00035-00019785-00020153 realized I was 129 pounds
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00036-00021029-00021602 I'll finish the story and just to say because you know what our needs
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00037-00021602-00021965 it's time to grow
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00038-00039351-00040201 all right y'all I'm back from the gym it was a good workout legs is on fire you'd
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00039-00040201-00040846 be saying legs I'm herb Boyer fire home fir anyways I got moved number three
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00040-00040846-00041116 post-workout middle chicken right same thing I had earlier
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00041-00041116-00041605 I forgot my pecans but I will be eating those with this meal as well and I got
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00042-00041605-00042160 some water but back to the story so like I was saying before I left to go to the
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00043-00042160-00042688 gym I basically figured out that I was 129 pounds didn't even know like the
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00044-00042688-00043198 clip from the first vlog show if you went back and watch it people was
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00045-00043198-00043678 telling me that it looked like I had lost weight so I put in work man we had
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00046-00043678-00044173 just got a Planet Fitness like right after I found that out and I was super
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00047-00044173-00044779 excited because I was like I can finally start working out again so uh and there
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00048-00044779-00045301 was other gyms there too I was living in Anderson the end at the time and I was
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00049-00045301-00045907 just completely broke like I had just gotten married and this didn't have
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00050-00045907-00046300 enough money to do anything I barely had enough money to go out to eat at
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00051-00046300-00046618 Applebee's like I remember having to check the bank account to see if I had
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00052-00046618-00046888 enough money in there before I could go to Applebee's ain't enough to still have
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00053-00046888-00047281 gas and stuff to go to work so it was just a complete struggle I couldn't
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00054-00047281-00047869 afford to pay for a gym so I opened up lane to fitness and it was like $1 to
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00055-00047869-00048247 join for the first month or two and it was ten bucks a month after
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00056-00048247-00048757 I was like well I'm sure I can swing at you know me ten bucks a month was it it
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00057-00048757-00049219 was still kind of pushing it you know me but I could swing it so I did that and
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00058-00049219-00049885 then I really started discovering like that that's when I found out who Jim
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00059-00049885-00050347 Stefani was that's when I found out who Steve Cook was and a lot of others big
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00060-00050347-00050734 names like that who a lot of people out on YouTube with other platforms and I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00061-00050734-00051052 figured out that's when I discovered what body but in that converse and
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00062-00051052-00051436 that's when they had the free workout plan it's like free now they cost $8.99
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00063-00051436-00051865 all those workout plans that's on there used to be free and I was downloading
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00064-00051865-00052371 those I was watching videos reading articles asking people questions and I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00065-00052371-00052912 was just hungry man in it was about four knots a five
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00066-00052912-00053533 it was between five and six months later that I went from 129 to 160 I'm gonna
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00067-00053533-00053887 record on the scale and it was 160 and uh
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00068-00053887-00054532 man it was hard I mean it was a lot of eatin learning how to cook different
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00069-00054532-00054850 things I had never made rice before in my life until that point yeah believe it
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00070-00054850-00055546 or not there's never made rice before I was learning a lot man in I was enjoying
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00071-00055546-00056002 the process but it was really hard so after that five or six month time span
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00072-00056002-00056671 when I made the gains I pretty much stopped like I just quit and then when
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00073-00056671-00057199 that happened I was probably I was about 21 right now like I said earlier I'm 27
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00074-00057199-00057619 so you're talking about a 60 year time span and in between that time span I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00075-00057619-00058149 fluctuated between 150 and 160 I never got over the most I ever way before was
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00076-00058149-00058851 164 165 ish like ever in my life never made now I've never way more than that
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00077-00058851-00059308 so for me to be at 167 now is an accomplishment it's still it's still not
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00078-00059308-00059766 a lot but I'm making progress again and I'm moving at the same pace that I was
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00079-00059766-00060205 six years ago so even though it was a long time ago
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00080-00060205-00060667 I still know what to do in order to put on weight I've just never actually put
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00081-00060667-00061177 forth the effort that I need to to really take care of business and get it
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00082-00061177-00061630 done like I'm doing now so I figure aid when I started YouTube channel I know
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00083-00061630-00062024 how to make videos I've been making videos since high school so and like I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00084-00062024-00062608 said I'm 27 I'm an old man you know like rusty I'm Oprah I graduated
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00085-00062608-00063442 oh nine Oh but uh I was like I know how to make videos I started another YouTube
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00086-00063442-00063883 channel previously with my family called the real scotch and I was like why not I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00087-00063883-00064213 started a youtube channel about it it would be a great way for me to practice
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00088-00064213-00064666 making more videos and it'll also be a great way for me to be able to actually
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00089-00064666-00065024 document at this time and look back on it later and be able to see it I'll be
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00090-00065024-00065344 able to help out other people you know I'm saying one of the biggest things i
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00091-00065344-00065717 want to do in life is help other people and not necessarily in the fitness room
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00092-00065717-00066319 but just in general and and it'll hold me accountable to actually get it done
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00093-00066319-00066757 because since i'm making these videos you know come way there you know i mean
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00094-00066757-00067087 i'm not trying to get on the scale and then ain't made no progress i'm trying
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00095-00067087-00067700 to show you guys i know how to do it i know how to get it done and i know what
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00096-00067700-00068068 it takes to get there so that way you guys have faith in me and i'm giving you
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00097-00068068-00068348 advice giving you tips so that way you know hey this dude knows what he's
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00098-00068348-00068642 talking about i need to follow his advice and i can
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00099-00068642-00069011 make the same type of progress so i've been putting in the work man getting it
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00100-00069011-00069593 done and that's really my story man started you know about six or seven
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00101-00069593-00070025 years ago made some progress some quick progress put in some work and did this
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00102-00070025-00070462 gassed out after about four months sorry after about five to six months just
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00103-00070462-00070860 gassed out and here we are man six years later I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00104-00070860-00071535 decided to hey take the bull by the horns and get it done like I'm 27 years
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00105-00071535-00072132 old still weighing 160 - I'm 167 now but still still weighing 160 pounds like
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00106-00072132-00073467 that's a shame but how they make them games boy so anyways yeah that's my
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00107-00073467-00073869 story man comment down below let me know what your
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00108-00073869-00074148 story is real quickly real concise because I know most people don't like
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00109-00074148-00074592 tight I know people don't like typing especially on YouTube you know attention
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00110-00074592-00074979 span is very short the so many other thing is trying to get show attention so
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00111-00074979-00075414 comment down below let me know real quick what your story is you know how
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00112-00075414-00075918 much you weigh right now how many games you made in the past however long let me
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00113-00075918-00076311 know man but I'm gonna get the mill number three
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00114-00076311-00076761 man I gotta eat because I'm tired you know I got to get that got to take
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00115-00076761-00077433 advantage of that golden hour you know I'm saying so yeah I see y'all
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00116-00077433-00077733 at the next meal number four you know you got close the
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00117-00077733-00078168 video I'll add new number for it cuz my my kids go to bed at 9:00 so anyways I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00118-00078168-00079239 see y'all at the next meal of my number format alright y'all so I don't have a
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00119-00079239-00080034 number for it cooked it's a 8:30 right now but I do got all
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00120-00080034-00080691 the food laid out I'm giving it a meal prep for the next couple of days and I
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00121-00080691-00081603 do got my eggs right here with of course my rice cakes and the braids not eat 2x
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00122-00081603-00082029 sandwiches every day so I'm getting ready to throw that together after I go
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00123-00082029-00082632 ahead and throw this chicken inside the oven and that'll be my fourth meal and
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00124-00082632-00083121 of course the last meal or if you want to call it a meal I guess it's more like
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00125-00083121-00083732 a snack technically but that kocchi gonna lean cereal
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00126-00083783-00084508 and that would be everything for today man I know let me turn his camera it's
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00127-00084508-00084779 like I was saying don't forget to subscribe to the channel man like this
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00128-00084779-00085114 video even if you didn't like it still like the video don't dislike my video
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00129-00085114-00085526 man hit up the comments section I like this stuff follow me on the social media
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00130-00085526-00085910 hit up my Instagram I don't have much on there right now but give it time you
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00131-00085910-00086329 know it's coming we're still in the beginning phases of all of this so uh
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00132-00086329-00086723 you know the gang still coming in they gonna keep on coming cuz I'm gonna keep
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00133-00086723-00087038 on puttin that work I'm gonna keep on logging it documenting it for you guys
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00134-00087038-00087656 comment down below and let me know what kind of tips or what questions you guys
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00135-00087656-00088027 have let me know what you guys want to see in future vlogs or even in tip
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00136-00088027-00088426 videos just give me a good idea of what you guys are interesting or what you
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00137-00088426-00088976 have or what you have questions about as always maybe I know who it is man jalan
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00138-00088976-00089407 McHargue and fitness helping you make the gains to feed yourself and crush
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00139-00089407-00089848 that scale I see all the next video
+PJo4y6zgLpg-00140-00091394-00091694 with
+PLPAYRNYPsy-00000-00000000-00000200 Spiritual music, gentle, calming, peaceful music, relaxing music, and meditation music
+PLPAYRNYPsy-00001-00000200-00000400 SOOTHING AND MEDITATION 
+PN3p12f_0p8-00000-00000006-00000560 And for those who might say "oh wait, what about those gaps" - if you're gonna
+PN3p12f_0p8-00001-00000560-00001215 intonate and play with good legato, and, God we have a pedal for this, everything
+PN3p12f_0p8-00002-00001215-00001469 will be fine.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00003-00002588-00003215 If you're an advanced pianist you might think that fingering is the last thing
+PN3p12f_0p8-00004-00003215-00003761 that can improve your piano technique and your playing, but on the contrary is
+PN3p12f_0p8-00005-00003761-00004634 the fundamental part of your practicing that you should never underestimate.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00006-00004634-00005577 Just give you a little story in my... I think what I was... high school years... I started
+PN3p12f_0p8-00007-00005577-00005886 writing down fingering, and you know it's kinda dismissed though, because
+PN3p12f_0p8-00008-00005886-00006291 you think - okay you're professional pianist, you practice 8 hours a
+PN3p12f_0p8-00009-00006291-00006845 day since you are five years old, so why would you think about fingering, why
+PN3p12f_0p8-00010-00006845-00007428 would you write down fingering, you should be a master at this already,
+PN3p12f_0p8-00011-00007428-00007916 because you need to focus on the bigger things. But fingering is something that
+PN3p12f_0p8-00012-00007916-00008675 eventually you kinda come back to after maybe 10 or 15 years of gap.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00013-00008675-00009344 And I remember when I started writing down fingering one of nice people I
+PN3p12f_0p8-00014-00009344-00010113 actually came to me and said "why would you need to write down fingering, like
+PN3p12f_0p8-00015-00010113-00010589 are you stupid, I mean you should be good enough to play without writing down the
+PN3p12f_0p8-00016-00010589-00011345 fingering", but I still felt that I needed. Okay maybe I'm not
+PN3p12f_0p8-00017-00011345-00011733 good enough so I need to write down my fingering, and later I found out that
+PN3p12f_0p8-00018-00011733-00012222 actually many... oh come on 9 students out of 10 have the same
+PN3p12f_0p8-00019-00012222-00012689 problems, so that's why I'm making this video. So there are a few reasons you would
+PN3p12f_0p8-00020-00012689-00013179 want to choose and write down correct fingering. Correct fingering helps your
+PN3p12f_0p8-00021-00013179-00013731 hand to avoid excessive tension, because while playing you change hand positions
+PN3p12f_0p8-00022-00013731-00014502 less frequently, you can play more notes in one position, and you avoid keeping
+PN3p12f_0p8-00023-00014502-00014944 your hand in a stretched position. So for example here
+PN3p12f_0p8-00024-00014944-00015544 not a big deal you know, of course it's just seventh you can just reach it, but
+PN3p12f_0p8-00025-00015544-00016625 versus this - sounds much... it feels much effortless. It's a small thing but if you
+PN3p12f_0p8-00026-00016625-00017819 use intonation and we have a pedal, it really helps you. Also repeating the
+PN3p12f_0p8-00027-00017819-00018233 piece with the same fingering without changing them each time you play will
+PN3p12f_0p8-00028-00018233-00018634 help you to finish and memorize the piece much faster. This is very
+PN3p12f_0p8-00029-00018634-00018959 obvious, but not everyone still remember that.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00030-00018959-00019459 And lastly while practicing the piece and focusing on the big pictures and
+PN3p12f_0p8-00031-00019459-00019951 tasks small things like doubting which finger to use on which key can be very
+PN3p12f_0p8-00032-00019951-00020390 irritating and very distracting so seeing clearly written fingering in the
+PN3p12f_0p8-00033-00020390-00020729 score and practicing piano with correct fingering from the very first time you
+PN3p12f_0p8-00034-00020729-00021323 touch a new piece feels very safe and secure and it will take away unnecessary
+PN3p12f_0p8-00035-00021323-00021779 burden from your mind. So to summarize the main principles of finding the best
+PN3p12f_0p8-00036-00021779-00022370 fingering for your piece - change positions as least as possible and keep
+PN3p12f_0p8-00037-00022370-00022928 your hands stretched as least as possible. First I suggest to find positions and
+PN3p12f_0p8-00038-00022928-00023581 mark them with a bracket or a slower it's up to you. You don't have to do
+PN3p12f_0p8-00039-00023581-00024007 that every time but if you kinda want to clarify for yourself
+PN3p12f_0p8-00040-00024007-00024323 what other positions, how to find fingering with the very first
+PN3p12f_0p8-00041-00024323-00024722 time I would really encourage you to do this, just to make it clear in
+PN3p12f_0p8-00042-00024722-00025198 your mind. So as you can see in my score I used slurs,
+PN3p12f_0p8-00043-00025198-00025714 again I don't do this for myself I just did it for the purpose of this video.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00044-00025714-00026176 So that would be one position, and another,
+PN3p12f_0p8-00045-00026205-00027022 and another, and another...then we're gonna find suitable fingering for each
+PN3p12f_0p8-00046-00027022-00027489 position and I personally just write down fingering on the very first note of
+PN3p12f_0p8-00047-00027489-00028438 each position, because obviously the rest of fingering just kinda fall into
+PN3p12f_0p8-00048-00028438-00029176 place, and whenever you have even slightest doubt about the fingering I
+PN3p12f_0p8-00049-00029176-00029554 suggest you, even if it's within the position, I suggest you to write it down as
+PN3p12f_0p8-00050-00029554-00030448 well. And lastly to make a shift or transition from one position to another
+PN3p12f_0p8-00051-00030448-00031450 in a smooth and effortless way without feeling you know tense inside I would
+PN3p12f_0p8-00052-00031450-00032212 use my elbow, and it's a huge topic that I dedicated very long, super detailed
+PN3p12f_0p8-00053-00032212-00032602 video in the past and you can find it, it's titled
+PN3p12f_0p8-00054-00032602-00033346 "Elbow Technique" in piano playing. So when I play, let's say it's the last note
+PN3p12f_0p8-00055-00033346-00034210 of position, and I just move my elbow first so the transition would be very
+PN3p12f_0p8-00056-00034210-00034894 effortless, and will feel very very comfortable.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00057-00034894-00035479 Also I need to talk about different editions, it's kinda important here. So sometimes
+PN3p12f_0p8-00058-00035479-00036172 you can find different fingering in a variety of editions and very often they
+PN3p12f_0p8-00059-00036172-00036966 are written to not really benefit your technique but to benefit expressiveness
+PN3p12f_0p8-00060-00036966-00037431 in playing, for example you know, better legato, you know with these
+PN3p12f_0p8-00061-00037431-00038044 substitutions of fingering and stuff, or for a better accent, for example not
+PN3p12f_0p8-00062-00038044-00038689 play accent with the fifth finger but with the thumb you know, but if you know how
+PN3p12f_0p8-00063-00038689-00039208 to make articulations, how to make good legato through intonation and weight you don't
+PN3p12f_0p8-00064-00039208-00040237 really need any weird overanalysed fingering
+PN3p12f_0p8-00065-00040237-00041101 patterns, and you know substitutions. I'm not actually saying never look at
+PN3p12f_0p8-00066-00041101-00041662 additions but rather don't limit yourself with editors ideas, have your
+PN3p12f_0p8-00067-00041662-00042231 own mind. And I myself always prefer to take the very first edition of the piece,
+PN3p12f_0p8-00068-00042231-00042955 if it doesn't have fingering that's the best, because it's real less confusing
+PN3p12f_0p8-00069-00042955-00043422 for me. And I don't know you, if you experience ever this thing - you
+PN3p12f_0p8-00070-00043422-00043837 have many auditions, like two or three and you're like okay well this feels
+PN3p12f_0p8-00071-00043837-00044299 right but this also feels right but which one I should choose so... I don't
+PN3p12f_0p8-00072-00044299-00044803 like to spend any time for for these things. To always make it absolutely
+PN3p12f_0p8-00073-00044803-00045196 clear and secure how to find correct fingering I always follow 4
+PN3p12f_0p8-00074-00045196-00045799 principles, 4 steps in finding positions and fingering. So firstly,
+PN3p12f_0p8-00075-00045799-00046336 position is when you can play notes without stretching your hand, because
+PN3p12f_0p8-00076-00046336-00046986 stretching your hand even you know for 2 octaves, you might say, okay octave,
+PN3p12f_0p8-00077-00046986-00047149 come on I can reach octave, but it's not about reaching, it's about stretching
+PN3p12f_0p8-00078-00047149-00047611 your hand, stretching your hand will cause tension and
+PN3p12f_0p8-00079-00047611-00048324 fatigue while playing. So position is not let's say an octave but for me it's just
+PN3p12f_0p8-00080-00048324-00049332 fifth, so anything that goes beyond fifth I would take as a new position.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00081-00049332-00050410 I mean for example here, let's just repeat the example I showed. For example
+PN3p12f_0p8-00082-00050410-00051124 here of course you can stretch, it's not a big deal it´s just seventh, but for me
+PN3p12f_0p8-00083-00051124-00051598 I just choose it as a new position. Why would I need to play with these weird
+PN3p12f_0p8-00084-00051598-00052237 fingering when I can just start with a 3rd finger and play effortlessly in
+PN3p12f_0p8-00085-00052237-00053020 one position, so this is one position and this is another position.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00086-00053020-00054073 Or for example here, you see it's kinda I can of course play it with an open hand,
+PN3p12f_0p8-00087-00054073-00055185 but I can also switch to new position and just play with the 3rd finger.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00088-00055185-00055657 Sometimes you don't have much choice actually and you will have to take an
+PN3p12f_0p8-00089-00055657-00056355 octave as one position stretching your hand, but for example here on the second
+PN3p12f_0p8-00090-00056355-00057216 page - I mean you can't just all the time play 5-1 5-1, so you have
+PN3p12f_0p8-00091-00057216-00057808 to play it in one position, but what will help is maybe sometimes elbow movement,
+PN3p12f_0p8-00092-00057808-00058213 maybe some correct wrist movement, so you wouldn't feel stiff in your wrist, also
+PN3p12f_0p8-00093-00058213-00058987 phrasing. So there are some helping tools that can
+PN3p12f_0p8-00094-00058987-00059812 you know still relieve this stretching. Also if you have for example a slightly
+PN3p12f_0p8-00095-00059812-00060982 new shift - treat it also as a new position. For example okay,
+PN3p12f_0p8-00096-00060982-00062023 example here - of course you can say you can play like this, but I just prefer even
+PN3p12f_0p8-00097-00062023-00062404 if from one note to another I just move my elbow and I start with the
+PN3p12f_0p8-00098-00062404-00063598 2nd finger again. So this is one position and this is another. And so when
+PN3p12f_0p8-00099-00063598-00064162 I'm done with kinda finding positions now I would switch to marking fingering,
+PN3p12f_0p8-00100-00064162-00064885 and as I said before in the score I write mostly the fingering on the very
+PN3p12f_0p8-00101-00064885-00065407 first note of which position, but if you have any doubts about fingering on other
+PN3p12f_0p8-00102-00065407-00066049 notes again you must write everything very clear for yourself. You don't have
+PN3p12f_0p8-00103-00066049-00066757 to do anything with "must" but I would strongly suggest. And lastly of course
+PN3p12f_0p8-00104-00066757-00067141 after I find position and fingering just like I said in the beginning of the
+PN3p12f_0p8-00105-00067141-00067870 video I would find the transition notes for my elbow movement between positions
+PN3p12f_0p8-00106-00067870-00068703 to make shifting very smooth and very fluid. So let's just go over a little bit
+PN3p12f_0p8-00107-00068703-00069592 maybe over the right hand and I will just kinda demonstrate what I mean.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00108-00069592-00070147 So this is one position that starts from the 2nd finger and I would move elbow
+PN3p12f_0p8-00109-00070147-00070567 here.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00110-00070689-00071576 Now the next, the next... So as you can see I'm pretty much moving my elbow at the
+PN3p12f_0p8-00111-00071576-00072001 very last note of which position, but it's not always the same, that's why I
+PN3p12f_0p8-00112-00072001-00073489 made a detailed tutorial about elbow technique. And you see this one is like a
+PN3p12f_0p8-00113-00073489-00074770 one position, but I'm just using my elbow so it´s okay.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00114-00074770-00075413 And for those who might say "oh wait what about those gaps" - if you're gonna
+PN3p12f_0p8-00115-00075413-00076051 intonate and play with good legato, and God we have a pedal for this, everything
+PN3p12f_0p8-00116-00076051-00076904 will be fine, and then you can go on maybe with the 4th finger... So this is how it looks in the
+PN3p12f_0p8-00117-00076904-00077435 very first step when I just kinda analyze the piece and break it down to
+PN3p12f_0p8-00118-00077435-00078127 positions, fingering and elbow movements. Okay, I hope that's enough for you to
+PN3p12f_0p8-00119-00078127-00078689 digest, and I really encourage you to go and just practice the same way, it will
+PN3p12f_0p8-00120-00078689-00079238 help you in the future, I promise. All right, that's about it and I'll see you soon.
+PN3p12f_0p8-00121-00079238-00079462 bye
+PPexB_WewEM-00000-00000080-00000536 I'm Brad Aagaard from the USGS Geologic Hazards Science Center. My colleague Evan
+PPexB_WewEM-00001-00000536-00001024 Hirakawa and I have been updating the 3D seismic velocity model for the San Francisco Bay region.
+PPexB_WewEM-00002-00001112-00001704 We have two new releases. Version 21.0 is a re-release of the 2008 model in a new storage
+PPexB_WewEM-00003-00001704-00002248 scheme. Version 21.1 updates regions east and north of the San Francisco Bay
+PPexB_WewEM-00004-00002248-00002856 based on 3D ground-motion simulations of moderate earthquakes. GeoModelGrids is a new HDF5-based
+PPexB_WewEM-00005-00002856-00003440 storage scheme for georeferenced 3D raster models. We have an API for serial access with binary
+PPexB_WewEM-00006-00003440-00004120 packages for Linux and MacOS. This figure shows examples of improvements to the waveform modeling
+PPexB_WewEM-00007-00004120-00004576 of velocity time histories in the East Bay. The blue are our previous synthetics,
+PPexB_WewEM-00008-00004576-00005064 the black are observations, and the red are our new synthetics that much better
+PPexB_WewEM-00009-00005064-00005656 match the travel time as well as the waveform shape and coda of the observations. Thank you.
+PRup4lwrk28-00000-00000052-00000618 4.5a Introduction to Percent's - Convert Percent's and Decimals.
+PRup4lwrk28-00001-00000630-00001822 Percent literally means per 100.
+PRup4lwrk28-00002-00001822-00002532 So to convert a decimal to a percent, we need to multiply it by one hundred,
+PRup4lwrk28-00003-00002532-00003550 or we can move the decimal twice to the right.
+PRup4lwrk28-00004-00003550-00004312 Next, to convert a percent to a decimal, we will need to divide by 100.
+PRup4lwrk28-00005-00004312-00005034 Seeing as the word percent means per or divide by 100,
+PRup4lwrk28-00006-00005034-00006198 or we can also move the decimal twice to the left.
+PRup4lwrk28-00007-00006198-00006882 In this first example, we have a number that needs to be converted to a percent.
+PRup4lwrk28-00008-00006882-00007411 Remember to convert to a percent, we will be multiplying by 100,
+PRup4lwrk28-00009-00007411-00008616 which means we have 0.582 times 100, the answer we get is 58.2%.
+PRup4lwrk28-00010-00008616-00009372 Remember that when converting to a percent, you must write the percent symbol.
+PRup4lwrk28-00011-00009372-00010056 Also, you can simply just do the second option which, is move it twice to the right.
+PRup4lwrk28-00012-00010056-00010600 Moving twice to the right, you will then put the decimal after the eight.
+PRup4lwrk28-00013-00010600-00011127 As you can see, you would get the same answer.
+PRup4lwrk28-00014-00011127-00011500 In example two, we are doing this process backwards.
+PRup4lwrk28-00015-00011500-00012069 We now have a percent that we would like to convert to a decimal.
+PRup4lwrk28-00016-00012069-00012756 Remember converting to a decimal means that we must divide by one hundred.
+PRup4lwrk28-00017-00012756-00013518 A 145.6 to change it into its decimal form or essentially to drop the percent off,
+PRup4lwrk28-00018-00013518-00014194 you write per one hundred or per cent.
+PRup4lwrk28-00019-00014194-00014876 When we divide we get 1.456.
+PRup4lwrk28-00020-00014876-00015506 Remember with decimals, they do not have percent symbols.
+PRup4lwrk28-00021-00015506-00015826 Also, when changing from a percent to a decimal,
+PRup4lwrk28-00022-00015826-00016240 you may also move the decimal two places to the left.
+PRup4lwrk28-00023-00016240-00016952 Placing it between the one and four would give us the same answer, 1.456.
+PSOapfHAqXk-00000-00000017-00000416 In this video we're going to go over some of the basic trigonometric
+PSOapfHAqXk-00001-00000416-00000867 identities and we'll be using these when we start manipulating trig functions
+PSOapfHAqXk-00002-00000867-00001167 algebraically. We'll first review our basic trig
+PSOapfHAqXk-00003-00001167-00001655 functions and we'll also go over our reciprocal identities. Then we'll talk
+PSOapfHAqXk-00004-00001655-00002148 about ratio identities, that's putting tangent and cotangent in terms of sine
+PSOapfHAqXk-00005-00002148-00002580 and cosine, we'll do Pythagorean identities and lastly we'll talk about
+PSOapfHAqXk-00006-00002580-00003194 the even and odd identities. First of all what is an identity? Well an identity is
+PSOapfHAqXk-00007-00003194-00003654 an equation that's true, regardless of whatever values we substitute for our
+PSOapfHAqXk-00008-00003654-00004164 variables. So we can use these identities without worrying about if they're valid
+PSOapfHAqXk-00009-00004164-00004664 for all cases. Let's remind ourselves what our general right triangle look
+PSOapfHAqXk-00010-00004664-00005151 like. If I gave you an angle x, for a right triangle, again we can tell this is
+PSOapfHAqXk-00011-00005151-00005562 a right triangle because of the square in the corner, we can talk about the
+PSOapfHAqXk-00012-00005562-00006212 sides in terms of opposite, adjacent, and hypotenuse, according to this angle x. And
+PSOapfHAqXk-00013-00006212-00006600 we also talked about our six trigonometric ratios. Sine of x is
+PSOapfHAqXk-00014-00006600-00007022 opposite over hypotenuse, cosine is adjacent over hypotenuse, and tangent is
+PSOapfHAqXk-00015-00007022-00007470 opposite over adjacent. Likewise cosecant of x is equal to
+PSOapfHAqXk-00016-00007470-00007914 hypotenuse over opposite, secant was hypotenuse over adjacent, and cotangent
+PSOapfHAqXk-00017-00007914-00008550 was adjacent over opposite. So we talked about the relationship between sine and
+PSOapfHAqXk-00018-00008550-00009102 cosecant, and cosine and secant, and tangent and cotangent, as reciprocals.
+PSOapfHAqXk-00019-00009102-00009579 Well now we're going to call these our reciprocal identities. For whatever value
+PSOapfHAqXk-00020-00009579-00010236 I have for x, sine x is equal to 1 divided by cosecant of x. No matter what
+PSOapfHAqXk-00021-00010236-00010824 my value for x is, cosine of x is always equal to 1 over secant of x, and tangent
+PSOapfHAqXk-00022-00010824-00011361 of x is always equal to 1 over cotangent of x. And in the same fashion, cosecant of
+PSOapfHAqXk-00023-00011361-00011811 x is equal to 1 over sine x, secant of x is equal to 1 over cosine of x, and
+PSOapfHAqXk-00024-00011811-00012404 cotangent of x is equal to 1 over tangent of x. Well if we look at tangent
+PSOapfHAqXk-00025-00012404-00012779 x again, that's the opposite over adjacent, we're going to build something
+PSOapfHAqXk-00026-00012779-00013281 called a ratio identity. What happens if I divide the numerator and
+PSOapfHAqXk-00027-00013281-00013765 denominator by the hypotenuse? Then I would have tangent of x is equal to
+PSOapfHAqXk-00028-00013765-00014223 opposite over hypotenuse, divided by adjacent over hypotenuse. Why would I
+PSOapfHAqXk-00029-00014223-00014820 want to do that? Well if we remember, sine of x was equal to the opposite over
+PSOapfHAqXk-00030-00014820-00015318 hypotenuse, and the cosine was equal to the adjacent over the hypotenuse. So that
+PSOapfHAqXk-00031-00015318-00015979 means our tangent of x, equals, sine x over cosine x, and we'll be using this a
+PSOapfHAqXk-00032-00015979-00016506 lot when we're trying to manipulate our trigonometric functions algebraically,
+PSOapfHAqXk-00033-00016506-00016920 because if we're trying to simplify, you might find it easier to turn our
+PSOapfHAqXk-00034-00016920-00017513 tangents into sine and cosine. Likewise, I can do the same thing with cotangent.
+PSOapfHAqXk-00035-00017513-00018246 Cotangent is equal to cosine x over sine x. Let's go back to Pythagorean's theorem, a
+PSOapfHAqXk-00036-00018246-00018804 squared plus b squared is c squared. Well if instead of a, b, and c, I looked at
+PSOapfHAqXk-00037-00018804-00019329 these in terms of opposite, adjacent, and hypotenuse, then I can say the opposite
+PSOapfHAqXk-00038-00019329-00019765 side squared, plus the adjacent side squared, is equal to the hypotenuse
+PSOapfHAqXk-00039-00019765-00020235 squared. Well, now let's say, I divided both sides
+PSOapfHAqXk-00040-00020235-00020862 by hypotenuse squared. Why do I want to do this? Well let's see what happens when
+PSOapfHAqXk-00041-00020862-00021360 I pull out that squared. I have opposite of our hypotenuse all
+PSOapfHAqXk-00042-00021360-00021672 squared, adjacent over hypotenuse all squared, and
+PSOapfHAqXk-00043-00021672-00021966 hypotenuse divided by hypotenuse all squared.
+PSOapfHAqXk-00044-00021966-00022534 Well again, the opposite over hypotenuse is just sine, the adjacent over
+PSOapfHAqXk-00045-00022534-00023154 hypotenuse is just cosine, and anything divided by itself is equal to 1. Notice I
+PSOapfHAqXk-00046-00023154-00023731 have sine x all squared, plus cosine x all squared, but the way we'll write this,
+PSOapfHAqXk-00047-00023731-00024390 is like this, sine squared x, cosine squared x, that means take sine x and
+PSOapfHAqXk-00048-00024390-00025053 square the whole thing. Well what happens if I take this, this is identity, and then
+PSOapfHAqXk-00049-00025053-00025545 divide both sides again, this time not by by hypotenuse squared, but what happens
+PSOapfHAqXk-00050-00025545-00026052 if I divided by sine squared x. Then I have sine squared x divided by itself,
+PSOapfHAqXk-00051-00026052-00026541 plus cosine squared divided by sine squared, and that all equals 1 over sine
+PSOapfHAqXk-00052-00026541-00027043 squared x. Well I can rewrite this as 1, plus, let's
+PSOapfHAqXk-00053-00027043-00027562 see cosine over sine, we just talked about that, that's equal to cotangent, and
+PSOapfHAqXk-00054-00027562-00028006 that's all squared. And then I have 1 over sine squared x, which again has a
+PSOapfHAqXk-00055-00028006-00028552 reciprocal function and that's equal to cosecant squared x. I could also, instead
+PSOapfHAqXk-00056-00028552-00028962 of dividing both sides by sine squared x, I could divide both sides by cosine
+PSOapfHAqXk-00057-00028962-00029593 squared x, and then that leaves me with tangent squared x, plus 1 is equal to
+PSOapfHAqXk-00058-00029593-00030252 secant squared x. So these are our three Pythagorean identities. The only one I
+PSOapfHAqXk-00059-00030252-00030852 memorize is sine squared x plus cosine squared x equals 1, and then I take 30, 45
+PSOapfHAqXk-00060-00030852-00031308 seconds and derive the other two from that. Again just by dividing by sine
+PSOapfHAqXk-00061-00031308-00031740 squared, or dividing that cosine squared. Again we'll need to know all three of
+PSOapfHAqXk-00062-00031740-00032277 these when we start dealing with our algebraic expressions, and equations.
+PSOapfHAqXk-00063-00032277-00032739 Finally we need to talk about our even and odd identity. Remember when we were
+PSOapfHAqXk-00064-00032739-00033169 taking our angles and putting them in standard position. Well a positive
+PSOapfHAqXk-00065-00033169-00033816 rotation went counterclockwise, and if I take that same angle, but rotate it in a
+PSOapfHAqXk-00066-00033816-00034318 clockwise direction then that's the same angle but it's a negative angle. Well,
+PSOapfHAqXk-00067-00034318-00035002 what is sine of negative x? Well if we remember, sine is always negative in
+PSOapfHAqXk-00068-00035002-00035599 quadrant 4. So that means the sine of negative x equals, negative sine of x.
+PSOapfHAqXk-00069-00035599-00036234 Cosine of negative x however, is a little bit different. Because we remember that
+PSOapfHAqXk-00070-00036234-00036822 in quadrant 4 cosine is positive, so the cosine of negative x actually equals
+PSOapfHAqXk-00071-00036822-00037497 positive cosine of x. Lastly let's look at tangent. Tangent of negative x is
+PSOapfHAqXk-00072-00037497-00038100 equal to, well let's see in quadrant 4, tangent's negative, so that means, like
+PSOapfHAqXk-00073-00038100-00038706 sine, the tangent of negative x is equal to, negative tangent of x. And here I have
+PSOapfHAqXk-00074-00038706-00039355 all even odd identities. Cosecant, secant, and cotangent follow their reciprocal
+PSOapfHAqXk-00075-00039355-00040020 functions sine, cosine, and tangent. Well, I haven't really talked about why
+PSOapfHAqXk-00076-00040020-00040440 on earth we call this even and odd identities. Well this really has to do
+PSOapfHAqXk-00077-00040440-00040833 with if we look at these functions graphically. An odd function is a
+PSOapfHAqXk-00078-00040833-00041343 function whose graph is symmetric over the origin, whereas an even function, that
+PSOapfHAqXk-00079-00041343-00041910 graph is symmetric over the whole y-axis. And if we start off by looking at sine
+PSOapfHAqXk-00080-00041910-00042573 of x, we see that if we take a point here, it's actually symmetric over the origin
+PSOapfHAqXk-00081-00042573-00043272 and appears there. So that means sine x is an odd function, so the sine of
+PSOapfHAqXk-00082-00043272-00043830 negative x equals negative sine x. Tangent works exactly the same way. If I
+PSOapfHAqXk-00083-00043830-00044589 take a point here, it's translated over the origin, here. So again, tangent of
+PSOapfHAqXk-00084-00044589-00045297 negative x, is equal to negative tangent x. But cosine is a little bit different.
+PSOapfHAqXk-00085-00045297-00045858 This is an even function. It's actually symmetric over the y-axis. If I take a
+PSOapfHAqXk-00086-00045858-00046626 point here, it's translated over that y-axis, here. So cosine is an even function.
+PSOapfHAqXk-00087-00046626-00047394 So cosine of negative x equals cosine of x. And here's a summary of all the trig
+PSOapfHAqXk-00088-00047394-00047844 identities I've talked about. You need to memorize all these and be able to use
+PSOapfHAqXk-00089-00047844-00048297 them when you're doing the homework section for algebraic manipulations.
+PSOapfHAqXk-00090-00048297-00048684 Again, I would take a few minutes and sketch these out at the beginning of an
+PSOapfHAqXk-00091-00048684-00049125 exam, so I have them for easy reference. And there we've gone over our basic
+PSOapfHAqXk-00092-00049125-00049689 trigonometric identities. Reciprocal identities, ratio identities, Pythagorean
+PSOapfHAqXk-00093-00049689-00050210 identities, and lastly even and odd identities.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00000-00001117-00001441 Item #: SCP-2949
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00001-00001441-00001609 Object Class: Euclid
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00002-00001609-00002391 Special Containment Procedures: SCP-2949 itself is currently uncontainable due to its nature.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00003-00002391-00002868 Its manifestation is to be controlled via encouraging the phasing out of analogue television
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00004-00002868-00003103 as an obsolete standard.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00005-00003103-00003704 Future appearances of SCP-2949 outside containment would require a civilian to have access to
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00006-00003704-00004219 one of the few remaining affected televisions, and to purposefully observe static on said
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00007-00004219-00004528 television for more than twelve hours.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00008-00004528-00005022 As this combination of events is extremely unlikely to occur, reappearance of SCP-2949
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00009-00005022-00005351 is not considered a major concern.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00010-00005351-00006080 Nevertheless, reports of SCP-2949-1 instances in the wild are to be taken seriously.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00011-00006080-00006489 Instances are to be located and captured as soon as possible.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00012-00006489-00006895 Prompt neutralisation is to be enabled with the use of an appropriately-sized sheet of
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00013-00006895-00007037 mirrored foil.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00014-00007037-00007780 Description: SCP-2949 is a phenomenon affecting approximately 3% of all analogue television
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00015-00007780-00008031 sets ever produced.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00016-00008031-00008566 SCP-2949-affected television sets have not been completely contained by the Foundation
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00017-00008566-00009032 due to their widespread nature.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00018-00009032-00009559 SCP-2949 has appeared more frequently in populated urban cities than in any other locations,
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00019-00009559-00009999 though this is likely a statistical bias due to more frequent reporting of anomalies in
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00020-00009999-00010359 places with higher population densities.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00021-00010359-00010949 SCP-2949 manifests as the appearances of visual aberrations on the screen when an analogue
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00022-00010949-00011343 television is tuned to a non-transmitting channel.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00023-00011343-00011757 Testing has found that the device must be tuned to the channel for more than six continuous
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00024-00011757-00012417 hours before SCP-2949 begins to be observable, a fact that contributes to the relatively
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00025-00012417-00012927 low rate of reported SCP-2949 cases in the public.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00026-00012927-00013550 The aberrations often take forms such as striped or spotted patterns, or, on occasion, the
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00027-00013550-00013995 appearance of feline faces or vague movements of silhouettes in the background noise.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00028-00013995-00014480 Longer inspection results in the clarifying of the shapes over time, resolving gradually
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00029-00014480-00015047 into vague figures identifiable as animals of the Felidae family, such as tigers, leopards,
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00030-00015047-00015340 or common house cats.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00031-00015340-00015754 Continuous observation of these phenomena for an additional six to eight hours via remote
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00032-00015754-00016404 or direct means will eventually produce an instance of SCP-2949-1, which will emerge
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00033-00016404-00016787 fully-formed from the television screen.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00034-00016787-00017443 Instances of SCP-2949-1 resemble animals of the Felidae family appearing to be made out
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00035-00017443-00017644 of television static.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00036-00017644-00018452 Physical contact is said to feel like "steel wool", or, alternatively, "warm and rough".
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00037-00018452-00018748 SCP-2949-1 instances appear to be non-hostile.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00038-00018748-00019118 They do not require food, water, or sleep.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00039-00019118-00019579 Upon manifestation, instances will tend to seek out the closest available reflective
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00040-00019579-00019887 surface large enough to accommodate their size.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00041-00019887-00020261 They will then proceed to pass through the surfaces and disappear.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00042-00020261-00020932 Such surfaces through which SCP-2949-1 instances have been seen disappearing into include mirrors,
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00043-00020932-00021290 windows, and other television screens.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00044-00021290-00021993 Sightings of SCP-2949-1 peaked from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, but have significantly
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00045-00021993-00022626 waned since the increasing adoption of digital television signals as a global broadcast standard.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00046-00022626-00023056 Isolated sightings of "static cats" in the background of various televised media have
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00047-00023056-00023326 been reported, but are unconfirmed.
+PYB3ujfhmDI-00048-00023326-00023598 Investigation of this related phenomenon is underway.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00000-00001064-00001512 TACO scientists have published an exciting new article about potassium tantalate.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00001-00001512-00002400 I am going to visit the first author Michele Reticcioli at the University of Vienna to ask him a few questions about it.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00002-00003000-00003847 Michele, you wrote this Nature Communications paper about potassium tantalate. Why did you choose potassium tantalate? What's so special about it?
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00003-00004000-00004540 The surface of potassium tantalate is polar and hosts a considerable amount of excess charge.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00004-00004564-00006056 This charge can be functionalized for a number of applications. We would like to study how this charge is distributed on the surface to be able to then control it.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00005-00006116-00006500 What was the unanswered question that you tackled in your study?
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00006-00006564-00007864 Up to now, the excess charge on polar surfaces was considered to behave as an electron gas, i.e., to be homogeneously dispersed on the surface of the polar material.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00007-00007900-00009600 In this paper, we found out that the charge would prefer to strongly localize on a few sites on the material or distribute like a charge density wave, so in a wave-like manner.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00008-00009648-00010040 Were the experimental results surprising to you?
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00009-00010116-00011500 At the beginning of the study, the experimental results by Zhichang Wang were very surprising. They showed that the charge is distributed differently than everybody would expect.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00010-00011500-00012716 It shows some very localized spots that we found to be polarons and to have a wave pattern that was then recognized as a charge density wave.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00011-00012800-00013263 Can you briefly explain the theoretical modeling you did for the paper?
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00012-00013300-00014560 To investigate the electronic properties of this surface, we used the VASP software developed at the University of Vienna. It allows us to perform density functional theory calculations.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00013-00014560-00015547 These are very demanding computations, so we had to use the powerful infrastructure of the Vienna Scientific Cluster.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00014-00015600-00016300 Can you give a brief outlook on future applications, maybe in catalysis?
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00015-00016363-00017640 In the TACO collaboration, we study this type of material and the interaction with localized charges for a wide range of possible applications. One of them is catalysis.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00016-00017640-00018424 We believe that this localized charge could have a strong impact on applications in catalysis.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00017-00018424-00019820 We would like to continue to study them and find out whether it is possible to control catalytic processes by controlling the properties of this localized charge.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00018-00019948-00020224 Thank you very much, Michele. Thank you!
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00019-00020588-00020780 The microphone falls on the floor.
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00020-00020964-00021340 I said "church" instead of "charge"! But I think it is OK ...
+Pagh7ixDkrE-00021-00021372-00021632 The microphone falls on the floor - again!
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00000-00000057-00000249 SHERYL BURGSTAHLER: Anna Marie mentioned, this
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00001-00000249-00000387 is the first one in our series.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00002-00000387-00000897 But we have a series of talks that
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00003-00000897-00001161 cover various aspects of accessibility IT.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00004-00001161-00001470 And mine's the most general and probably the least technical.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00005-00001470-00001662 But it's an overview of some of the things you
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00006-00001662-00001962 need to think about in order to make your online learning
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00007-00001962-00002266 opportunities accessible and inclusive.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00008-00002266-00002529 And so it'll cover some technical things, but also
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00009-00002529-00003000 some non-technical things and include 20 tips, most of them
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00010-00003000-00003270 very easy to do, that can help you make
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00011-00003270-00003439 your course more inclusive.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00012-00003439-00003561 I go with she and her.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00013-00003561-00003920 I'm Sheryl Burgstahler, here in UW-IT,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00014-00003920-00004179 Director of the Accessible Technology Services Group.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00015-00004511-00004859 The Access Technology Services has two units--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00016-00004859-00005241 the IT Accessibility Team, and that started in 1984.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00017-00005241-00005463 It's just part of another team, but it's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00018-00005463-00005651 fully funded by the University of Washington.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00019-00005651-00006044 And here, we have a group of IT accessibility specialists
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00020-00006044-00006416 that focus on making sure that the University procures,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00021-00006416-00006745 develops, and uses accessible technology.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00022-00006745-00006977 That would be for faculty, student, staff, and also
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00023-00006977-00007184 in the case of websites, et cetera,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00024-00007184-00007345 for visitors to our campus.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00025-00007345-00007694 But in 1992, I started the DO-IT center,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00026-00007694-00008069 where we take a more holistic approach of increasing
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00027-00008069-00008453 the success of students with disabilities and even employees
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00028-00008453-00008606 with disabilities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00029-00008606-00008792 In order to generalize in that way,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00030-00008792-00009050 it was important for us to get our own funding,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00031-00009050-00009452 as many people do when they want to do extra--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00032-00009452-00009803 make extra efforts in a particular area of application.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00033-00009803-00009983 And so, we started grant writing,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00034-00009983-00010175 and the National Science Foundation
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00035-00010175-00010364 has been our primary funder.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00036-00010364-00010574 But also, the US Department of Education,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00037-00010574-00010793 the Department of Labor, Microsoft
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00038-00010793-00011078 and other corporations, and even private funds
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00039-00011078-00011324 have been used to fund these activities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00040-00011324-00011726 We even have a DO-IT Japan program starting in 2007.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00041-00011726-00011993 And funded by the US Department of Education,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00042-00011993-00012320 we have the Center on Universal Design in Education, which they
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00043-00012320-00012647 funded, this center, starting in 1999,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00044-00012647-00012959 but we continue to maintain it with our other projects.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00045-00012959-00013388 The basic approach we take within our IT Accessibility
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00046-00013388-00013769 Team-- but you see it even more so within the DO-IT Center--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00047-00013769-00014288 is we have an individual focus but community building model,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00048-00014288-00014519 where we look at stakeholders like yourself--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00049-00014519-00014711 if you're teaching a class, designing a class,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00050-00014711-00015029 or you're just here to learn more about this topic--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00051-00015029-00015287 but they contribute to assist success of individuals
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00052-00015287-00015375 with disabilities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00053-00015375-00015588 So these various groups can erect barriers
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00054-00015588-00015743 for people with disabilities, or they
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00055-00015743-00015932 can help make things more inclusive of people
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00056-00015932-00016094 with disabilities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00057-00016094-00016525 So we have at the center of this spoke of the wheel
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00058-00016525-00016688 the success of people with disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00059-00016688-00016817 in higher education careers.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00060-00016817-00016955 And then some of the stakeholders
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00061-00016955-00017202 we work with are people with disabilities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00062-00017202-00017357 So in our IT Accessibility Team, we
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00063-00017357-00017507 work with students with disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00064-00017507-00017735 to help them gain access to technology, but also
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00065-00017735-00017801 family members.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00066-00017801-00018140 In the DO-IT Center, we work with family members, parents,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00067-00018140-00018443 primarily, of young teenagers with disabilities--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00068-00018443-00018695 and then peers, and near peers, and adult mentors,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00069-00018695-00019052 and allies of other sorts, community groups,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00070-00019052-00019214 special programs, service providers--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00071-00019214-00019475 like our own disability resources for students
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00072-00019475-00019835 and disability services offices on our own campus here--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00073-00019835-00020144 K-12 teachers-- to help students be prepared to come
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00074-00020144-00020220 to college--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00075-00020220-00020441 post-secondary administrators, and of course, faculty
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00076-00020441-00020699 and staff, employers, technology vendors--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00077-00020699-00020984 to make IT more inclusive of and accessible to people
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00078-00020984-00021229 with disabilities-- legislators, policymakers,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00079-00021229-00021317 and funding agencies.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00080-00021317-00021546 We work with all these people.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00081-00021546-00021839 What we find is, sometimes, some stakeholders
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00082-00021839-00022040 are not really doing their share.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00083-00022040-00022411 And so that can include faculty, or it
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00084-00022411-00022536 depends on the faculty member.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00085-00022536-00022769 And so this presentation will help faculty members
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00086-00022769-00022979 get more engaged in making sure their courses are
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00087-00022979-00023183 inclusive of people with disabilities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00088-00023183-00023393 We have two basic approaches in all that we do.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00089-00023393-00023606 When we're working with students with disabilities,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00090-00023606-00023804 we're promoting self-determination.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00091-00023804-00024011 And that's just a very broad term
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00092-00024011-00024263 which means that students with disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00093-00024263-00024707 will have access to the technology, the skill
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00094-00024707-00025118 sets, the mentoring, the networking, the things
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00095-00025118-00025439 that they need to be successful, all of those tools
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00096-00025439-00025657 that we all need, in that case.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00097-00025657-00025852 And then we're working with faculty, and staff,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00098-00025852-00026164 and institutions, and technology companies.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00099-00026164-00026495 The broad approach that we have is universal design,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00100-00026495-00026717 so I'll be talking about that framework.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00101-00026717-00027161 So by an inclusive environment in a class or some other campus
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00102-00027161-00027497 offering, I think of it meaning that everyone who
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00103-00027497-00027770 meets the requirements, with or without accommodations,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00104-00027770-00028106 is encouraged to participate, so that everyone feels welcome
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00105-00028106-00028364 and is fully engaged in accessible and inclusive
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00106-00028364-00028532 environments and activities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00107-00028532-00028782 And so, giving just a quick example,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00108-00028782-00029108 if your introductory video in your online course,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00109-00029108-00029429 where you spend 3 or 4 minutes welcoming your class,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00110-00029429-00029749 is not accurately captioned, then it's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00111-00029749-00029966 not going to be accessible to some people, including
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00112-00029966-00030188 people who are deaf.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00113-00030188-00030539 And it's not going to make a student who is deaf
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00114-00030539-00030733 feel welcome in your class.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00115-00030733-00030883 It's pretty clear to them that you
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00116-00030883-00031114 haven't thought about accessibility
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00117-00031114-00031358 in a proactive way.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00118-00031358-00031691 So just a quick thing we'll talk about is just, really quickly,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00119-00031691-00031925 history, legal basis for accessibility,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00120-00031925-00032168 and then the two approaches, accommodations-only
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00121-00032168-00032620 or universal design, for gaining access for students with
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00122-00032620-00032957 disabilities, principles and practices, resources, and Q&As.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00123-00032957-00033209 And as I mentioned, we're going to have some tips, some very
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00124-00033209-00033464 specific tips, that you can use to make
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00125-00033464-00033667 your course more accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00126-00033667-00033830 Here's a little 1-minute history lesson
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00127-00033830-00034049 of the evolution of responses to human differences,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00128-00034049-00034256 including disability.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00129-00034256-00034559 In earlier days, there were many efforts
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00130-00034559-00034823 to eliminate, or exclude, or at least segregate
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00131-00034823-00035153 people with disabilities, then, in the middle of last century,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00132-00035153-00035468 a big effort as far as curing, and rehabilitating,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00133-00035468-00035732 and even accommodating students with disabilities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00134-00035732-00035945 The World War Two really contributed
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00135-00035945-00036548 to this, when we had individuals who had suffered from injuries
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00136-00036548-00037052 in battle but actually survived multiple of these injuries
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00137-00037052-00037307 and came home, when in the earlier wars,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00138-00037307-00037494 they would have died on the battlefield.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00139-00037494-00037739 But the other big factor was they also
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00140-00037739-00037874 came home with the GI Bill.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00141-00037874-00038174 And so, a lot of these veterans went to college.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00142-00038174-00038348 And so our colleges and universities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00143-00038348-00038837 had to really take stock of this and make their programs more
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00144-00038837-00039105 inclusive, with the focus on accommodations,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00145-00039105-00039306 which I'll define in a minute.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00146-00039306-00039524 But now, we're in the age of social justice
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00147-00039524-00039839 in so many different ways and with so many different groups.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00148-00039839-00040133 But there's been a civil rights movement for individuals
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00149-00040133-00040340 with disabilities, as there have been
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00150-00040340-00040535 movements for racial ethnic minorities,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00151-00040535-00040815 and women, and other marginalized groups.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00152-00040815-00041279 And so in this particular era, then the focus is on inclusion
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00153-00041279-00041737 and universal design, both proactive approaches,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00154-00041737-00041996 sending the message, why should we be surprised when a student
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00155-00041996-00042266 with a disability shows up in our classes and act, oh no,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00156-00042266-00042542 what am I going to do, when we know they have a right--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00157-00042542-00042677 social justice--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00158-00042677-00042897 that they have a right to be part of our class,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00159-00042897-00043097 so we should anticipate them coming.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00160-00043097-00043544 The legal basis goes way back to 1973,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00161-00043544-00043780 which surprises a lot of people, particularly
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00162-00043780-00043964 when it's online learning, because we didn't
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00163-00043964-00044093 have the internet back then.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00164-00044093-00044594 So the law was Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00165-00044594-00044966 A similar act but much more broadly applied
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00166-00044966-00045275 is the Americans with Disabilities Act.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00167-00045275-00045896 And that act, which was provided with some power here, which
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00168-00045896-00046373 was enacted in 1990, and its 2008 amendments,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00169-00046373-00046685 is very similar to 504 but more broadly applied
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00170-00046685-00047261 to transportation and just about anything in society.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00171-00047261-00047708 These two laws are not laws that are full of a lot of standards
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00172-00047708-00047777 or anything.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00173-00047777-00047981 They are civil rights legislation.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00174-00047981-00048242 And so they don't say what the rules are in making
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00175-00048242-00048347 your website accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00176-00048347-00048674 What they do say is, if you have a website or you have a course
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00177-00048674-00048857 or whatever you're offering, you must
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00178-00048857-00049100 make it inclusive of individuals with disabilities,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00179-00049100-00049396 must make it accessible to them.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00180-00049396-00049555 And then, the final thing in our state
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00181-00049555-00049858 is, we have Washington State Policy Number 188.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00182-00049858-00050329 And it really reiterates Section 504 and the ADA
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00183-00050329-00050656 and basically just provides some detail
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00184-00050656-00050986 about how we need to implement those laws
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00185-00050986-00051247 within our own state, the whole state of Washington.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00186-00051247-00051492 Like, you have to have a coordinator of IT
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00187-00051492-00051804 accessibility-- which I am here at the University-- things
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00188-00051804-00052001 like that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00189-00052001-00052240 So for most of us, we're not working in the disability
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00190-00052240-00052414 services office, and so we don't need
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00191-00052414-00052924 to know all the definitions of disability
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00192-00052924-00053364 and what they imply as far as a person's functions.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00193-00053364-00053560 I think it's easier just to think about ability
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00194-00053560-00054004 on a continuum, that everyone in this room and elsewhere
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00195-00054004-00054121 has an ability.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00196-00054121-00054313 We may not have a disability, but we all
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00197-00054313-00054557 have an ability in certain categories.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00198-00054557-00054712 So here, we have a double-edged arrow
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00199-00054712-00054901 from not able to able on the right hand
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00200-00054901-00055124 side and a list of abilities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00201-00055124-00055270 So just a couple of examples.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00202-00055270-00055477 The ability to understand English--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00203-00055477-00055690 someone in this group might rate themselves
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00204-00055690-00055868 a little low in this category, and it
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00205-00055868-00056089 might be because English is not their first language.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00206-00056089-00056284 And so they don't feel that they're
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00207-00056284-00056572 as competent as maybe the average person who--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00208-00056572-00056734 where English is their first language.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00209-00056734-00057016 It also could be related to a learning disability
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00210-00057016-00057405 that they would think that their ability to understand English
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00211-00057405-00057529 is affected.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00212-00057529-00057814 So the point is, for rating an ability,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00213-00057814-00058069 it isn't just the opposite of a disability,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00214-00058069-00058555 but a particular ability level can be for multiple reasons.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00215-00058555-00058690 Same with social norms.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00216-00058690-00059137 A person might have a disability that affects their ability
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00217-00059137-00059329 to really pick up on social cues,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00218-00059329-00059604 and communicate in small groups, and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00219-00059604-00059965 They might rate low on this category then.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00220-00059965-00060202 Or, it might be because they're growing up
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00221-00060202-00060441 in a different culture than the one that's common here
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00222-00060441-00060601 in the United States.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00223-00060601-00060740 So we can go down this list.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00224-00060740-00061096 The ability to see could be related to a disability
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00225-00061096-00061230 if you rate yourself low.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00226-00061230-00061594 It might be because you're on a shaky internet connection,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00227-00061594-00061795 and you have the visual turned off.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00228-00061795-00062059 And so you don't have an ability to see the screen.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00229-00062059-00062320 When I give a talk like this, I just imagine that one of you
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00230-00062320-00062680 is calling in by phone and doesn't see the screen.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00231-00062680-00062788 And so that prompts me.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00232-00062788-00063046 It reminds me that I have to use the words.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00233-00063046-00063241 I have to describe what's on the screen.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00234-00063241-00063492 I can't just say, "Look here," or, "According to this list,"
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00235-00063492-00063700 and not say what the list is.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00236-00063700-00063916 The ability to hear, or walk, or read
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00237-00063916-00064120 print, write with a pen or a pencil,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00238-00064120-00064450 the ability to communicate verbally, to tune out
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00239-00064450-00064654 distraction, to learn, and to manage
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00240-00064654-00064825 physical and mental health-- this is just
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00241-00064825-00065149 a short list of the many abilities that we all have.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00242-00065149-00065500 And my guess is, if we passed around a little Google Doc
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00243-00065500-00065680 or whatever and you needed to rate yourself
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00244-00065680-00066025 on a scale in all these areas, there are probably no two of us
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00245-00066025-00066298 that would rate ourselves exactly the same way when you
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00246-00066298-00066489 look at the whole collection.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00247-00066489-00066631 A couple other things that's worth
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00248-00066631-00066831 thinking about when you're working with students
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00249-00066831-00067288 with disabilities is races and ethnicities, gender identities,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00250-00067288-00067708 and disabilities, and other characteristics
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00251-00067708-00067909 may not be obvious.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00252-00067909-00068176 Some faculty, also, "Do you have students with disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00253-00068176-00068239 in your class?"
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00254-00068239-00068348 And they say, "Well, no."
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00255-00068348-00068461 Well, how do you know that?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00256-00068461-00068719 Well, I just look around the room or look in the Zoom
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00257-00068719-00068974 windows, and nobody seems to have a disability.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00258-00068974-00069193 Well, most disabilities do not show,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00259-00069193-00069418 certainly things like learning disabilities, attention
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00260-00069418-00069686 deficits, and health impairments, and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00261-00069686-00069982 So we can't trust our judgment on who
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00262-00069982-00070264 has a disability in our class by the way that they look.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00263-00070264-00070696 Another characteristic is that fewer than 1/3
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00264-00070696-00070942 of students with disabilities report them to the disability
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00265-00070942-00071215 services office on any campus.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00266-00071215-00071431 The reason for this is personal.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00267-00071431-00071605 So I can't speak for anyone else,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00268-00071605-00071773 but I can tell you what I've heard
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00269-00071773-00072215 from students with disabilities over many, many, many years.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00270-00072215-00072457 Some are embarrassed about their disability.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00271-00072457-00072736 Some worry about discrimination of a faculty member,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00272-00072736-00072970 if that faculty member knows that they have particularly
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00273-00072970-00073246 a learning disability or a mental illness, things
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00274-00073246-00073592 that have some stigma associated with them.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00275-00073592-00074077 And so you also can't rely on those letters
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00276-00074077-00074479 you get from disability services to tell you what accommodations
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00277-00074479-00074777 are approved for a particular student and say,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00278-00074777-00074944 "I have three students with disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00279-00074944-00075097 because I have three letters."
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00280-00075097-00075421 Well, you just have to multiply that by three
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00281-00075421-00075667 to make a good guess of how many students with disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00282-00075667-00075779 are in your class.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00283-00075779-00076045 So the point I'm making with these two first items
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00284-00076045-00076405 is, you do not know who those people are who have
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00285-00076405-00076529 disabilities in your class.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00286-00076529-00076687 And so universal design, you'll see,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00287-00076687-00077089 kind of is an approach that helps you deal with that issue.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00288-00077089-00077377 Campuses primarily offer accommodations to individuals
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00289-00077377-00077666 after an inaccessibility is discovered.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00290-00077666-00078022 And so it's like, well, we don't think about accessibility
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00291-00078022-00078076 too much.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00292-00078076-00078322 We kind of design our classes for the average student.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00293-00078322-00078568 And then, voila, a student with disability is in the class,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00294-00078568-00078844 and you have to kind of scramble to redo the documents
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00295-00078844-00079054 and caption the videos or whatever
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00296-00079054-00079286 needs to be done for that particular student.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00297-00079286-00079528 And so that doesn't create an equitable opportunity
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00298-00079528-00079744 for that student, when they have to maybe wait
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00299-00079744-00080173 for their syllabus because it's in an inaccessible PDF
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00300-00080173-00080485 document, or they have to wait for videos
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00301-00080485-00080797 to be captioned for them or other accommodations
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00302-00080797-00080984 to be placed in effect.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00303-00080984-00081241 And so that makes it unfortunate for that student.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00304-00081241-00081565 All of a sudden, on day one, they're already behind.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00305-00081565-00081817 And it's important to consider intersectionality.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00306-00081817-00081985 So the students with disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00307-00081985-00082183 don't always just have one disability.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00308-00082183-00082342 So they can have multiple disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00309-00082342-00082550 they're dealing with, and there's that interaction
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00310-00082550-00082735 between those two issues.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00311-00082735-00083143 But they also might have other characteristics that place them
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00312-00083143-00083562 in underserved populations-- so race, ethnicity, gender,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00313-00083562-00083821 and so forth-- that can affect their performance in your class
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00314-00083821-00083900 as well.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00315-00083900-00084061 And so that really fits in with what
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00316-00084061-00084310 we're trying to do around the campus here
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00317-00084310-00084568 at the University of Washington to deal with diversity
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00318-00084568-00084931 and really support a diverse student body.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00319-00084931-00085117 And we, in our group, and many others--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00320-00085117-00085366 but really promote the idea that disability
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00321-00085366-00085655 is just one diversity characteristic
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00322-00085655-00085906 and so should be considered in those efforts.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00323-00085906-00086179 Even efforts that may focus on one group,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00324-00086179-00086539 like efforts that are reaching out to Black students,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00325-00086539-00086794 it's important to remember that there are Black students that
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00326-00086794-00087005 have disabilities as well.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00327-00087005-00087268 And so we don't want to discriminate
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00328-00087268-00087701 against a subset of the group that we're working with.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00329-00087701-00088012 And so there are quite a few accommodations
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00330-00088012-00088420 that are coming up in increasing numbers
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00331-00088420-00088675 because of going online with the pandemic.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00332-00088675-00088921 And two that really have-- kind of breaking
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00333-00088921-00089221 the back of disability resources for students here on our campus
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00334-00089221-00089533 is making inaccessible documents accessible,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00335-00089533-00089743 mainly reformatting PDFs.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00336-00089743-00090295 In this Wednesday-- third Thursday,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00337-00090295-00090646 at 3 o'clock sessions like I'm doing today, one of them
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00338-00090646-00091036 is focused on PDF files, reformatting PDFs.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00339-00091036-00091204 And another one actually is focused
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00340-00091204-00091441 on looking for alternatives to PDFs.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00341-00091441-00091597 Can you make PDFs accessible?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00342-00091597-00091774 Absolutely.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00343-00091774-00092144 But you should invest some time in learning how to do that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00344-00092144-00092407 And there can be issues related to whether you're
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00345-00092407-00092626 using a Macintosh or a PC.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00346-00092626-00092896 And so you have to invest some time to make that happen.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00347-00092896-00093232 I teach online, and I don't use any PDFs.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00348-00093232-00093604 Often, people use PDFs for their syllabus, and I don't.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00349-00093604-00093742 It's harder to make it accessible
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00350-00093742-00093901 and not really necessary.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00351-00093901-00094255 I create my syllabus in Word, and then
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00352-00094255-00094489 I also copy and paste it in the pages of the learning
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00353-00094489-00094598 management system.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00354-00094598-00094774 So those are the two options I give
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00355-00094774-00094930 students to read the syllabus.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00356-00094930-00095308 Then I don't have to deal with the complications of making
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00357-00095308-00095456 accessible PDFs.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00358-00095456-00095611 And then captioning videos-- and this
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00359-00095611-00095878 means accurately captioning videos, not just
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00360-00095878-00096352 using the captioning feature on YouTube, that is not very
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00361-00096352-00096586 accurate, and calling it good.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00362-00096586-00096910 So many people do that, that it just makes me--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00363-00096910-00097105 I feel like they just don't know that there
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00364-00097105-00097441 is an editing feature within YouTube, where they could
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00365-00097441-00097687 go in and correct those misspellings,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00366-00097687-00097828 and the punctuation, and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00367-00097828-00097999 And when you think about it for a minute,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00368-00097999-00098146 is that kind of a mean trick?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00369-00098146-00098395 If you have a student who is deaf in your class or even
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00370-00098395-00098884 an English language learner who rely on captions, if you give
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00371-00098884-00099127 them captions that don't have the right punctuation
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00372-00099127-00099370 and spelling, that's kind of a mean trick, I think.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00373-00099370-00099508 I think we'd all agree.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00374-00099508-00099646 And there are other ways that you
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00375-00099646-00100027 can make your videos captioned accurately as well.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00376-00100027-00100363 And that's the focus of one of our Thursday afternoon
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00377-00100363-00100687 sessions coming up, which you can find
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00378-00100687-00100889 on the accessible IT website.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00379-00100889-00101204 I'll put a URL here up in the last slide.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00380-00101204-00101467 So rather than focusing on accommodations only,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00381-00101467-00101719 where after the fact, we mediate documents,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00382-00101719-00102043 we give extra time on tests and so forth, we
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00383-00102043-00102271 should think about some of these accommodations
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00384-00102271-00102589 that maybe we should think about how
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00385-00102589-00102919 we could build these accessibility into the design
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00386-00102919-00103144 of the product or environment, which in this case
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00387-00103144-00103343 is an online course.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00388-00103343-00103648 And so we should consider that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00389-00103648-00103881 And that leads us to the definition of universal design.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00390-00103881-00104125 It is that, exactly that, that you're doing.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00391-00104125-00104431 So universal design, the design of products and environments
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00392-00104431-00104755 to be usable by all people to the greatest extent possible,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00393-00104755-00105127 without the need for adaptation or specialized design.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00394-00105127-00105406 And so we look through some of those accommodations
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00395-00105406-00105748 we give, like inaccessible documents, perhaps,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00396-00105748-00105871 that we remediate.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00397-00105871-00106079 Could we have made that document accessible?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00398-00106079-00106383 And so that student wouldn't need that accommodation.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00399-00106383-00106519 Or captioning, the same thing.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00400-00106519-00106915 Could we make our videos, have them with captions,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00401-00106915-00107310 and have them accurately presented?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00402-00107310-00107535 And then the student wouldn't need that accommodation.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00403-00107535-00107678 Often, I get questions, particularly
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00404-00107678-00107794 the end of a talk like this.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00405-00107794-00108019 "Well, you know, I use PDFs that I link to,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00406-00108019-00108376 and I use videos that aren't mine and so forth."
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00407-00108376-00108871 You can work on getting captions on videos that you don't own,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00408-00108871-00109371 and you can work on making PDFs that someone else creates
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00409-00109371-00109546 more accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00410-00109546-00109726 But for most of us that teach classes,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00411-00109726-00109932 I think that's beyond what maybe we'll
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00412-00109932-00110263 be willing to do, invest in, as far as time.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00413-00110263-00110588 And so, the point is-- throughout this talk
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00414-00110588-00110772 today-- is, you don't have to do everything.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00415-00110772-00111057 But if you do some things, even just
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00416-00111057-00111277 some things that would avoid creating a barrier,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00417-00111277-00111477 then your course is going to be more accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00418-00111477-00111708 We don't after all want to put the Disability Resources
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00419-00111708-00111901 for Students Office out of business.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00420-00111901-00112122 So they'll have plenty of work to do still.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00421-00112122-00112455 But they won't be redoing accommodations over and over
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00422-00112455-00112594 again.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00423-00112594-00113036 So I have an example of a universally design
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00424-00113036-00113235 product on the screen.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00425-00113235-00113394 Remember those olden days when we used
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00426-00113394-00113574 to go to conferences in person?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00427-00113574-00113832 Well, and then we'd get name tags.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00428-00113832-00114072 So the image on the screen is of a name tag.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00429-00114072-00114465 And you can see, there's a lanyard connected to it.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00430-00114465-00114833 And it's a little bit different than your typical lanyard
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00431-00114833-00114981 at a conference.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00432-00114981-00115176 That's probably the most popular way
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00433-00115176-00115359 people like to have their name tags.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00434-00115359-00115605 I don't know about you, but one of my complaints about name
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00435-00115605-00115889 tags that are in lanyards is, they just
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00436-00115889-00115998 fall too low on your body.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00437-00115998-00116121 And you can kind of jerk them up.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00438-00116121-00116266 Then it's almost like a little bib.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00439-00116266-00116454 And so I'm not really liking that,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00440-00116454-00116855 because I feel like the name tag should be about showing
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00441-00116855-00116964 your name to someone else.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00442-00116964-00117123 Because I already know who my name is,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00443-00117123-00117258 so I don't have to look at it.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00444-00117258-00117405 And the other frustration too is,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00445-00117405-00117696 if you turn the-- if you're in the reception hall,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00446-00117696-00117924 and everyone has a lanyard, about 50% of them
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00447-00117924-00118086 seem to be turned backwards.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00448-00118086-00118221 And so there's a blank.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00449-00118221-00118583 And so we set about coming up with a good name tag
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00450-00118583-00118911 holder for our events within our programs,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00451-00118911-00119049 and this is what we came up with.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00452-00119049-00119181 People like lanyards.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00453-00119181-00119481 And so, even though I personally don't, we provide a lanyard,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00454-00119481-00119632 because people like them.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00455-00119632-00119952 But at the bottom of the lanyard, there's a ring.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00456-00119952-00120485 And then we attach to that ring the plastic name holder, which
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00457-00120485-00120683 has a clip on it and a pin.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00458-00120683-00120951 And so within our product, there's the flexibility
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00459-00120951-00121227 that you can choose how you want to affix the name
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00460-00121227-00121330 tag on your body.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00461-00121330-00121446 You can use the lanyard.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00462-00121446-00121764 You can clip the lanyard off and use the clip
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00463-00121764-00122131 to connect to a collar.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00464-00122131-00122319 And then the pin, if you don't have a collar,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00465-00122319-00122526 you can use that particular one.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00466-00122526-00122865 And also, we put the name of the person on the name tag
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00467-00122865-00123070 on both sides.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00468-00123070-00123383 And so if you're using a lanyard and it flips over
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00469-00123383-00123672 in the reception, your name still shows.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00470-00123672-00123889 So this isn't rocket science here.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00471-00123889-00124080 This is a commercial product, these name tags
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00472-00124080-00124290 that we order for ourselves.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00473-00124290-00124518 But it's this idea in universal design
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00474-00124518-00124900 that you at least make some attempt to please more people
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00475-00124900-00125301 by incorporating flexibility in the product you create,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00476-00125301-00125479 rather than creating different products.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00477-00125479-00125660 So this is different than going to a conference when
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00478-00125660-00125852 they say, "Would you like a lanyard, or a pin,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00479-00125852-00126054 or a clip name tag?"
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00480-00126054-00126386 Because knowing me, I may want the choice of one of those one
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00481-00126386-00126645 day and something else in the second day of the conference.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00482-00126645-00127000 So anyway, that's an idea of how you apply universal design.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00483-00127000-00127242 You think, how can I build in some flexibility in what I'm
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00484-00127242-00127348 doing?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00485-00127348-00127641 And so, we're talking about then applying that idea
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00486-00127641-00127800 to online courses.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00487-00127800-00128124 So the characteristics of a universally designed product
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00488-00128124-00128217 then is--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00489-00128217-00128448 including a course-- is it's accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00490-00128448-00128763 You technically can access it, including
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00491-00128763-00128892 people with disabilities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00492-00128892-00129081 With the standard technology, you
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00493-00129081-00129276 can access the content, which would
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00494-00129276-00129543 mean like the content in a document,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00495-00129543-00129856 or the content presented in a video, and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00496-00129856-00130071 But it's also usable.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00497-00130071-00130275 We have someone on our staff, Hadi,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00498-00130275-00130491 who will sometimes report about products
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00499-00130491-00130808 he's testing for accessibility, since he does a lot of that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00500-00130808-00131127 And what the company did is they created a product that's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00501-00131127-00131478 not really accessible to someone who's blind, as Hadi is,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00502-00131478-00131826 and using a screen reader to read aloud the text.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00503-00131826-00132108 But instead of really building in accessibility from the
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00504-00132108-00132531 get go, they have created a lot of shortcut keys, sequences
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00505-00132531-00132984 of keys, where Hadi and someone else who is blind
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00506-00132984-00133416 could just click those keys and get to all
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00507-00133416-00133654 the functions of that product.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00508-00133654-00133929 Well, I think you would probably agree that that's not really
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00509-00133929-00134091 very usable for Hadi.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00510-00134091-00134367 It's technically accessible, but it's not very usable for him
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00511-00134367-00134484 to-- what is he going to do?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00512-00134484-00134598 Memorize all these?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00513-00134598-00134859 There could be 50, 100 of them.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00514-00134859-00135114 He's going to print something in braille, like a little table
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00515-00135114-00135243 to have by his computer?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00516-00135243-00135373 I don't know how you'd do that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00517-00135373-00135771 But any of those solutions do not result in a usable product.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00518-00135771-00135927 And so you want your course to be
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00519-00135927-00136242 usable as well as technically accessible, and then inclusive.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00520-00136242-00136416 And that mainly means that people
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00521-00136416-00136671 are using the same product in an online class.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00522-00136671-00136812 They can interact in small groups
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00523-00136812-00137151 together and do other activities in the class together.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00524-00137151-00137406 They don't have to have a whole different thing that they do,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00525-00137406-00137541 like an alternative assignment.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00526-00137541-00137826 Sometimes, an alternative assignment is necessary,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00527-00137826-00138096 but it should be after you've investigated
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00528-00138096-00138591 if they might be able to participate in the other class
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00529-00138591-00138822 activities that the other students are doing.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00530-00138822-00139086 Now, the good news is, we've actually applied
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00531-00139086-00139369 universal design very broadly.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00532-00139369-00139801 And the example of curb cuts on the screen right
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00533-00139801-00140161 now is a picture that appeared in The Daily, our University
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00534-00140161-00140632 of Washington student newspaper, in 1970, part of an article.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00535-00140632-00140896 And there's a young man in a wheelchair.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00536-00140896-00141041 And on the back of his wheelchair,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00537-00141041-00141454 he has a sign that in capital letters says, "Ramp the curbs.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00538-00141454-00141589 Get me off the street."
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00539-00141589-00141928 And so he's a protester of one probably of several back
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00540-00141928-00142108 then in 1970.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00541-00142108-00142309 And there was a lot of pushback on that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00542-00142309-00142573 Can you imagine facing University of Washington, all
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00543-00142573-00142867 of the curbs we have, hills, and so forth
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00544-00142867-00143422 and going through all of those designs
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00545-00143422-00143611 and building in the curb cuts?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00546-00143611-00143827 And people claimed it was prohibitively expensive.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00547-00143827-00144007 And after all, how many people would really
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00548-00144007-00144142 use a curb cut, anyway?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00549-00144142-00144334 How many people who have wheelchairs?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00550-00144334-00144623 But as you know, long story short,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00551-00144623-00145045 we have adopted curb cuts as a standard practice
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00552-00145045-00145197 in sidewalk design.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00553-00145197-00145339 It would be unusual if someone put
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00554-00145339-00145513 a sidewalk in your neighborhood, and it
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00555-00145513-00145630 didn't have curb cuts in it.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00556-00145630-00145820 I think there would be people protesting.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00557-00145820-00146062 It wouldn't be people with disabilities, probably,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00558-00146062-00146473 but people that use those curb cuts for delivery carts,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00559-00146473-00146935 and baby carriages, and maybe even skateboards.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00560-00146935-00147310 So this is an example of a universal design practice that
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00561-00147310-00147562 has been widely accepted, particularly in the United
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00562-00147562-00147926 States but in other countries as well.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00563-00147926-00148132 Now, if you look at the universal design of IT,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00564-00148132-00148564 of technology-- which, like I said, in the next series--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00565-00148564-00148951 part of the series of this Thursday afternoon program,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00566-00148951-00149146 you'll get into these details--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00567-00149146-00149354 but there are basically two things to think about.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00568-00149354-00149620 You want to make sure that your technology builds
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00569-00149620-00150004 in accessibility as much as possible as regular features.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00570-00150004-00150230 We see this in our smartphones.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00571-00150230-00150469 With your smartphone, you can actually
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00572-00150469-00150706 change the color of the foreground and the background
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00573-00150706-00151043 and change the size of the characters on your screen.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00574-00151043-00151278 You can even have the phone talk to you.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00575-00151278-00151483 Actually, mine talks to me a little bit too much,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00576-00151483-00151718 but that's another problem.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00577-00151718-00151957 And so that's what you would like to do.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00578-00151957-00152284 But some things are not going to be built into a computer
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00579-00152284-00152590 system, for example, like a braille embosser
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00580-00152590-00153025 that a person who's blind can use to produce braille using
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00581-00153025-00153252 braille translation software.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00582-00153252-00153448 And so in that case, what you want to make sure
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00583-00153448-00153859 is that you-- in the IT design-- that you ensure compatibility
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00584-00153859-00154025 with assistive technology.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00585-00154025-00154183 So someone using a screen reader can
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00586-00154183-00154726 use your IT, all the functions of it, and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00587-00154726-00155013 And so that's universal design of IT in a brief.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00588-00155013-00155193 And then we talked about videos.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00589-00155193-00155451 For all universal design, including universal design
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00590-00155451-00155815 of your course, there are a lot of beneficiaries.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00591-00155815-00156036 And so if we just take a look at captioning,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00592-00156036-00156327 the beneficiaries include people who are unable to hear
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00593-00156327-00156730 the audio, people who are English language learners,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00594-00156730-00156999 people in a noisy environment-- like the airport--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00595-00156999-00157245 or a noiseless one-- like in a baby's room while
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00596-00157245-00157443 the baby's sleeping--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00597-00157443-00157655 someone who has a slow internet connection,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00598-00157655-00157860 someone who wants to know the spelling of words--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00599-00157860-00158071 that's kind of everybody, I think--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00600-00158071-00158307 and people that need to find the content quickly.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00601-00158307-00158496 Because if you have the right tools--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00602-00158496-00158811 like we do in the DO-IT website where we have a lot of videos--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00603-00158811-00158982 you can search through all those captions
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00604-00158982-00159219 and find in our large collection of videos
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00605-00159219-00159471 where the word blindness is used,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00606-00159471-00159771 or you could use some other search term, because they're
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00607-00159771-00159897 in text-based format.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00608-00159897-00160185 And so that's the idea of universal design, where
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00609-00160185-00160521 it can benefit more than just people with disabilities,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00610-00160521-00160729 where an accommodation, as I mentioned earlier,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00611-00160729-00160848 is for one person.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00612-00160848-00161176 You're remediating a document for that one person.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00613-00161176-00161506 And a faculty member may, if they put some effort into it,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00614-00161506-00161718 use accessible documents in the future.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00615-00161718-00162123 But many times-- and I would guess to say, I think, most--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00616-00162123-00162231 faculty members don't.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00617-00162231-00162384 They go back to--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00618-00162384-00162696 disability services will remediate those documents
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00619-00162696-00162915 again in a future iteration of the class
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00620-00162915-00163195 if someone needs accessible documents.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00621-00163195-00163383 So we're not going to go into this in detail,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00622-00163383-00163551 but I just want you to know that there's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00623-00163551-00163998 a rich history and a lot of principles,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00624-00163998-00164295 and guidelines, and practices that
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00625-00164295-00164617 are part of the universal design framework.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00626-00164617-00164838 And so I just--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00627-00164838-00165156 I'm going to briefly say what they are, not the principles.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00628-00165156-00165399 But there are seven principles for the universal design
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00629-00165399-00165562 of everything.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00630-00165562-00165753 These are from the 1990s, so they've
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00631-00165753-00165909 been around a long time.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00632-00165909-00166101 First applied to physical environment,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00633-00166101-00166398 when you hear about universal design of homes.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00634-00166398-00166630 And so people can age in place and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00635-00166630-00166881 So a lot of applications in the physical environment
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00636-00166881-00167514 or even to appliances and other technology--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00637-00167514-00167706 like how can you design a microwave
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00638-00167706-00168100 oven so elderly citizens can use it pretty easily and so forth--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00639-00168100-00168339 but building in those features within the product.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00640-00168339-00168516 And then came along universal design
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00641-00168516-00168987 for learning, which comes from the CAST center.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00642-00168987-00169314 And they developed three principles of universal design
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00643-00169314-00169815 for learning that really zero in on pedagogy
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00644-00169815-00170088 in a course, particularly, curriculum development,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00645-00170088-00170427 and making sure these principles are followed
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00646-00170427-00170700 to make those materials accessible to people
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00647-00170700-00170817 with disabilities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00648-00170817-00171204 And then as far as IT, the best principles,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00649-00171204-00171672 I think, to look toward for guidance in online learning
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00650-00171672-00172044 are the four principles that underpin the Web Content
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00651-00172044-00172185 Accessibility Guidelines.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00652-00172185-00172641 And even though it says web, it can apply to design of other IT
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00653-00172641-00172732 as well.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00654-00172732-00172962 And even though it says accessibility,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00655-00172962-00173136 it's really more universal design,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00656-00173136-00173317 because it isn't just about disability.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00657-00173317-00173637 They have guidelines for addressing issues relating
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00658-00173637-00173904 to English language learners, and slow readers,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00659-00173904-00174169 and so forth, and people in different languages.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00660-00174169-00174342 So anyway, if we were doing a workshop,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00661-00174342-00174417 we could go through these.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00662-00174417-00174582 It's kind of fun to see what they say.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00663-00174582-00174852 But rather than do that today, in a nutshell, what
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00664-00174852-00174952 does this mean?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00665-00174952-00175068 What does it say to me?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00666-00175068-00175272 And this might not be a perfect translation
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00667-00175272-00175585 if you put all these principles together,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00668-00175585-00175814 but if you follow these two principles,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00669-00175814-00175989 you'll be a long way to making your course
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00670-00175989-00176155 accessible and usable.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00671-00176155-00176502 So the first one is to provide multiple ways for participants
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00672-00176502-00176781 to learn, so multiple ways they can learn,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00673-00176781-00176940 like using a video and then maybe
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00674-00176940-00177165 a document as well or a website.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00675-00177165-00177492 So two different ways they can access the content or more.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00676-00177492-00177672 And to demonstrate what they have learned--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00677-00177672-00177999 and that would be making sure that you test students
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00678-00177999-00178359 in multiple ways, give students credit for their communications
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00679-00178359-00178617 within the bulletin board system,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00680-00178617-00178854 answering questions along the way,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00681-00178854-00179082 have some other small assignments
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00682-00179082-00179407 that they'll have a chance to show what they've learned,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00683-00179407-00179691 and then maybe a large project or two.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00684-00179691-00179850 So just thinking of different ways
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00685-00179850-00180183 that students can demonstrate what they have learned.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00686-00180183-00180564 And then multiple ways to engage--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00687-00180564-00180849 in an online course, in my syllabus,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00688-00180849-00181220 I, at the very beginning, welcome them and tell them
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00689-00181220-00181362 I'd love to meet with them if they
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00690-00181362-00181557 want to talk to me about their learning needs
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00691-00181557-00181803 or anything else related to the course.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00692-00181803-00182274 And I suggest to them that they choose how they'd like to meet.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00693-00182274-00182640 And that could be using the learning management system,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00694-00182640-00183162 could be via email, it could be on Zoom,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00695-00183162-00183381 and it could be Skype or whatever.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00696-00183381-00183624 They can choose, and if we can make that happen,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00697-00183624-00183720 we'll make that happen.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00698-00183720-00184029 Personally, I like to meet with students on Zoom.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00699-00184029-00184479 But I have to remind myself that it's not about me,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00700-00184479-00184560 it's about them.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00701-00184560-00184899 So just giving them that agency where they can actually choose
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00702-00184899-00185100 how to communicate with you.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00703-00185100-00185298 And my experience in the past is students
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00704-00185298-00185644 that want to communicate via email, I think--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00705-00185644-00185799 I don't know, because they don't have
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00706-00185799-00186018 to give me a reason-- it might be because they're
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00707-00186018-00186228 a little embarrassed about their English skills,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00708-00186228-00186483 or they have a speech impairment,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00709-00186483-00186684 or they have a learning disability
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00710-00186684-00187015 that makes it difficult for them to get their thoughts out.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00711-00187015-00187212 But the point is that anybody can
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00712-00187212-00187527 make the choice for themselves.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00713-00187527-00187872 And ensure that all technologies, and facilities,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00714-00187872-00188148 and services, and resources, and strategies are
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00715-00188148-00188473 accessible to individuals with a wide variety of abilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00716-00188473-00188643 and other characteristics--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00717-00188643-00188850 are you going to ever be perfect about this?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00718-00188850-00189051 No, but at least you can think about it.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00719-00189051-00189285 Think about the variety of people
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00720-00189285-00189438 that might be in your class.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00721-00189438-00189685 And so we're focusing on online classes today,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00722-00189685-00189849 but we also have a lot of checklists
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00723-00189849-00190215 and other resources for physical spaces.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00724-00190215-00190710 I'm going to give you the URL for the DO-IT website
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00725-00190710-00190944 at the end of this presentation.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00726-00190944-00191178 But you can go there and find a checklist, for instance,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00727-00191178-00191394 on how to make a maker space, so it's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00728-00191394-00191616 more inclusive of people with disabilities,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00729-00191616-00191895 or design a STEM lab--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00730-00191895-00192231 Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00731-00192231-00192457 or even a recreation facility.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00732-00192457-00192603 So we have a lot of checklists that
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00733-00192603-00192861 have been developed over the years in consultation
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00734-00192861-00193182 with people with disabilities and also service providers
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00735-00193182-00193320 from other campuses.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00736-00193320-00193470 So those are kind of the two things.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00737-00193470-00193767 You just give people multiple ways to do things,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00738-00193767-00194067 and then you ensure accessibility.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00739-00194067-00194436 The first example I gave about using a video and a written
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00740-00194436-00194859 material as the two ways to learn--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00741-00194859-00195081 if you look at the second principle then,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00742-00195081-00195396 you need to make sure that video is designed in an accessible
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00743-00195396-00195687 way and the document or website is also
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00744-00195687-00195903 designed in an accessible way.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00745-00195903-00196389 That's what the second condition implies.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00746-00196389-00196667 I came up with this in part because I actually
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00747-00196667-00196830 think the universal design for learning
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00748-00196830-00197019 should imply that things are accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00749-00197019-00197319 But I tend to go to a lot of talks at conferences and so
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00750-00197319-00197589 forth, and I go to talks on universal design for learning,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00751-00197589-00197884 and often, they don't talk about accessibility.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00752-00197884-00198270 And some actually would think that, well, you have a video,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00753-00198270-00198447 and you have written material.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00754-00198447-00198663 That's enough if they can access one of them
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00755-00198663-00198790 but not necessarily both.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00756-00198790-00199008 Well, but it's ideal if they can access both.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00757-00199008-00199191 Some people will watch the video and read
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00758-00199191-00199394 the written materials, both.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00759-00199394-00199494 That would have been me.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00760-00199494-00199733 That was the kind of student I was.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00761-00199733-00199985 Let's see, so whenever you're developing a course,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00762-00199985-00200169 then you should consider the characteristics
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00763-00200169-00200589 of students who might enroll and the assistive technology
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00764-00200589-00200748 that they might be using.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00765-00200748-00201028 It could be multiple keyboards and so forth, all types.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00766-00201028-00201183 And so I like to think of four people
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00767-00201183-00201570 I know when I'm teaching a class online.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00768-00201570-00201893 And if I make my class accessible to them,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00769-00201893-00202089 then it's going to be pretty accessible to lots
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00770-00202089-00202248 of other people as well.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00771-00202248-00202497 But you also should think about English language skills,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00772-00202497-00202865 and cultures, and interests, and comfort using technology.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00773-00202865-00203053 Some people are more comfortable than others.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00774-00203053-00203291 So how can you keep that--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00775-00203291-00203506 the need for knowing about how to use
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00776-00203506-00203748 technology kind of at a minimum, because you want to teach
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00777-00203748-00203911 the content in your class?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00778-00203911-00204270 So the first one on four pictures here is Zayn.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00779-00204270-00204567 And these are all people I know, usually
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00780-00204567-00204681 through the DO-IT program.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00781-00204681-00205062 We can see, we have Hadi on there who works for us.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00782-00205062-00205362 Zayn happens to be deaf, and so she's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00783-00205362-00205673 one that will really benefit if you make accurate
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00784-00205673-00205836 captions on your videos.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00785-00205836-00206250 Anthony has multiple physical disabilities,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00786-00206250-00206508 and he also does not have a usable voice.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00787-00206508-00207357 And so he can select keys on a touch screen if they're large,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00788-00207357-00207753 and he also uses software that will help create macros.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00789-00207753-00208040 And so he can get his full name, and his address,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00790-00208040-00208468 and so forth into written form quickly.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00791-00208468-00208613 And so there are other technologies
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00792-00208613-00208944 he uses in that department.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00793-00208944-00209400 He also uses a telephone, because he provides
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00794-00209400-00209766 phone support, technology support,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00795-00209766-00210132 for parents of children who have been diagnosed with conditions
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00796-00210132-00210471 similar to his own in many cases.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00797-00210471-00210661 And so how does he do that?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00798-00210661-00210966 Well, he can use a voice synthesizer,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00799-00210966-00211182 so he can compose his thoughts.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00800-00211182-00211677 And then the computer will read aloud what he composed.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00801-00211677-00212232 And he has a phone connected to his computer.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00802-00212232-00212619 And so he can-- a method for dialing and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00803-00212619-00212886 And he can then make phone calls,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00804-00212886-00213364 and then he can talk with his computer-generated voice.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00805-00213364-00213603 So, this may sound complex, and there are literally
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00806-00213603-00213855 thousands, thousands of products,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00807-00213855-00214089 assistive technology, that people like Anthony
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00808-00214089-00214281 can use to get access to computing.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00809-00214281-00214554 Some people think, in order to have a student like that
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00810-00214554-00214788 in your class, you need to about all this technology
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00811-00214788-00214863 they're using.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00812-00214863-00215010 Well, not really.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00813-00215010-00215403 People in my IT accessibility team can tell you about that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00814-00215403-00215573 But really, there's one main thing
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00815-00215573-00215937 to think about as an issue with Anthony,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00816-00215937-00216342 if he's using technology, in that all that he has there
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00817-00216342-00216506 can emulate the keyboard.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00818-00216506-00216702 And so you can assume that assistive technology
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00819-00216702-00216901 will emulate everything on the keyboard.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00820-00216901-00217050 So if you use a standard keyboard,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00821-00217050-00217266 someone with all that technology can do everything
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00822-00217266-00217398 that you do on the keyboard.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00823-00217398-00217848 But you can't assume that it will fully emulate the mouse.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00824-00217848-00218219 And so that comes into play, not real often with you
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00825-00218219-00218400 as an instructor, but if you're using
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00826-00218400-00218787 IT other than in your learning management system or websites
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00827-00218787-00218958 and whatever, you can test to see,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00828-00218958-00219327 can that website be accessed with the keyboard alone?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00829-00219327-00219594 Can that IT be used without using a mouse?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00830-00219594-00219756 So set your mouse away, and you can
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00831-00219756-00219970 tell whether that rule is being violated.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00832-00219970-00220191 There are a lot of other accessibility tools as well,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00833-00220191-00220416 but that's one thing you can actually test for.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00834-00220416-00220740 Then we have Jesse, and she has multiple learning disabilities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00835-00220740-00221082 And she has difficulty getting her thoughts down on paper
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00836-00221082-00221451 or even with the keyboard, and also reading.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00837-00221451-00221700 So the multiple learning disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00838-00221700-00221982 result in that combination of challenges for her.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00839-00221982-00222321 And so, actually dictating to the computer
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00840-00222321-00222510 is not something that's difficult for her
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00841-00222510-00222828 to do, no matter how your course is designed.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00842-00222828-00223039 So you don't need to worry about that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00843-00223039-00223410 But then she needs to read back the content of documents
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00844-00223410-00223879 that you're presenting, and website content, and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00845-00223879-00224196 And so, in order for her to read aloud,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00846-00224196-00224532 for her computer to read aloud what's on the screen,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00847-00224532-00224784 she needs to have access to the text.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00848-00224784-00224988 And so, for instance, if you're using a PDF
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00849-00224988-00225306 and it's just scanned in, her computer
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00850-00225306-00225534 can't read it aloud, because it can't decipher
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00851-00225534-00225666 exactly what that content is.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00852-00225666-00225917 Now, there's some translation software
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00853-00225917-00226084 and so forth that can help do that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00854-00226084-00226305 But basically to think about students
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00855-00226305-00226512 with learning disabilities, that one thing
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00856-00226512-00226867 they may have a challenge with is accessing the text.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00857-00226867-00227154 This is of value to English language learners,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00858-00227154-00227406 because there are some English language learners that
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00859-00227406-00227800 might choose to use text-to-speech software to read
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00860-00227800-00227850 things.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00861-00227850-00227995 It might be more efficient for them
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00862-00227995-00228343 than just reading them in the printed format.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00863-00228343-00228435 And then there's Hadi.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00864-00228435-00228644 I already talked about Hadi a bit.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00865-00228644-00228780 And so imagine Hadi.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00866-00228780-00229035 I have to imagine he might be teaching the class
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00867-00229035-00229410 that I'm teaching, because he teaches online.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00868-00229410-00229878 And so, his basic access issue is similar to Jesse's, even
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00869-00229878-00230069 though their disabilities are quite different.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00870-00230069-00230342 He needs access to the text, so that his screen reader
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00871-00230342-00230469 can read it aloud to him.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00872-00230469-00230694 And so text that's embedded in an image,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00873-00230694-00230894 for instance, his screen reader is not
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00874-00230894-00231279 going to pick up on it, unless you use alternative text that
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00875-00231279-00231521 can be entered in, and his screen reader
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00876-00231521-00231678 will be able to pick that up.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00877-00231678-00231842 But he also needs some formatting,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00878-00231842-00232203 because you can imagine, if he's reading a 25-page paper,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00879-00232203-00232473 and he has access to the text, but it's not in
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00880-00232473-00232677 formatted in a way that he has access
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00881-00232677-00232965 to, it would be like reading a big strung string,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00882-00232965-00233091 maybe like one sentence.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00883-00233091-00233271 And so he can't tell where there are lists.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00884-00233271-00233444 He can't tell whether the heading's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00885-00233444-00233746 a level one heading, or a level two heading, or whatever.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00886-00233746-00233946 And so he can't really skim through the document
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00887-00233946-00234298 to the part he wants to access.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00888-00234298-00234516 And so that's very difficult for him.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00889-00234516-00234783 And so what he needs is formatting
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00890-00234783-00234969 of that PDF, or that Word document,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00891-00234969-00235267 or that website that would format, say, the headings.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00892-00235267-00235533 And so that would point out to him, heading one, heading two,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00893-00235533-00235737 and so forth, but also would warn him
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00894-00235737-00236001 when a list is coming up, like a bulleted list.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00895-00236001-00236325 And there are also formatting requirements
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00896-00236325-00236566 for tables and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00897-00236566-00236948 But the idea is to use those formatting features
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00898-00236948-00237390 within the system that you're using for creating a document,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00899-00237390-00237579 like Microsoft Word.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00900-00237579-00238032 You can add to images alternative text,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00901-00238032-00238455 and you also can format your headings, and your lists,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00902-00238455-00238830 and stuff by using the styles that are provided already.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00903-00238830-00239069 It's not a lot of extra work, but sometimes
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00904-00239069-00239369 it just seems easier to just select the text,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00905-00239369-00239559 and put it in bold, and call it good.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00906-00239559-00239742 But that's not going to work well for Hadi.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00907-00239742-00239883 So those are some things to think
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00908-00239883-00240342 about on a high level of what students might be facing
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00909-00240342-00240510 or instructors in a course.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00910-00240510-00240777 And so the idea here is to really focus
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00911-00240777-00241333 on the product and not on the limitations of the person.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00912-00241333-00241748 So your course, when you look at your course,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00913-00241748-00241989 you can compare it to when you plant lettuce.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00914-00241989-00242286 If it does not grow well, you don't blame the lettuce.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00915-00242286-00242496 You look for reasons it's not doing well.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00916-00242496-00242656 It may need fertilizer.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00917-00242656-00242775 It might need water.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00918-00242775-00243000 How about sun?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00919-00243000-00243163 I'm very poor in this department.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00920-00243163-00243330 I don't blame the plants in my house
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00921-00243330-00243627 for dying, because I just tend to forget to water them.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00922-00243627-00243777 That's not a good quality of someone
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00923-00243777-00243960 who has plants in their house.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00924-00243960-00244186 This was a Vietnamese Buddhist monk.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00925-00244186-00244416 So I'm not sure he was thinking about universal design,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00926-00244416-00244623 but this is what universal design is like.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00927-00244623-00244846 When you design your course, you might think, well,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00928-00244846-00245098 some students aren't going to do very well on this.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00929-00245098-00245389 But you want to minimize that by looking at your course
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00930-00245389-00245659 and seeing what you can do on your end
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00931-00245659-00245817 to make it more inclusive.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00932-00245817-00246181 Even this presentation today, I thought of some things.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00933-00246181-00246406 I'm using a standard template.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00934-00246406-00246679 And so you can get access to this PowerPoint
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00935-00246679-00246877 from our website, and it's designed
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00936-00246877-00247151 in an accessible format.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00937-00247151-00247330 And if you use a standard template, often,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00938-00247330-00247548 those standard templates-- either offered in Word
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00939-00247548-00247719 or the University templates--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00940-00247719-00248080 are designed to encourage you to make your slides accessible,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00941-00248080-00248305 rather than just starting with a blank slate
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00942-00248305-00248638 and selecting a text box or something to put your text in.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00943-00248638-00248944 I use clear and consistent layouts, not a very fancy
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00944-00248944-00249316 layout, but not distracting to someone, let's say,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00945-00249316-00249541 who has attention deficits.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00946-00249541-00249996 Large sans serif fonts can help someone with visual impairments
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00947-00249996-00250183 but also can help students with dyslexia
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00948-00250183-00250419 and other reading-related disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00949-00250419-00250663 be able to read the text better.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00950-00250663-00250942 I have uncluttered pages, high contrast.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00951-00250942-00251169 I spell out acronyms.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00952-00251169-00251581 And I speak the content presented visually.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00953-00251581-00251697 And I turn the captions on.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00954-00251697-00251892 And so there are other things you might come up
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00955-00251892-00252046 with that you could do in a presentation,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00956-00252046-00252276 but there are some simple ones that you can just end up
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00957-00252276-00252652 doing routinely to make your PowerPoint and Zoom
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00958-00252652-00253084 presentations in your course or otherwise accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00959-00253084-00253354 So now, I'm going to share 20 tips
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00960-00253354-00253654 for teaching an online accessible course,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00961-00253654-00253838 an accessible online course.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00962-00253838-00253930 And you'll find this--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00963-00253930-00254191 I'll give you the URL at the end--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00964-00254191-00254493 as a document that's part of the DO-IT collection.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00965-00254493-00254635 It was created with a lot of input
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00966-00254635-00255034 from instructors but also from students with disabilities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00967-00255034-00255280 We often will host panels of students with disabilities,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00968-00255280-00255499 and I pay particular attention to what
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00969-00255499-00255637 they say about challenges they're
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00970-00255637-00255796 facing in working online.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00971-00255796-00255967 And some of them are really simple things
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00972-00255967-00256085 that anybody could do.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00973-00256085-00256240 And so sometimes, faculty members
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00974-00256240-00256404 get caught up in what they can't do,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00975-00256404-00256654 because they don't know enough about technology or whatever.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00976-00256654-00256923 There are pretty simple things in this list of 20.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00977-00256923-00257107 So this is to help you get started.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00978-00257107-00257371 I'm not saying, if you do these 20 things, you're done.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00979-00257371-00257773 But anything that you do in that list is making your course more
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00980-00257773-00258103 accessible and may result in reducing
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00981-00258103-00258340 the number of accommodations students with disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00982-00258340-00258548 have in your class.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00983-00258548-00258866 And so there's a fair amount of research that's out there.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00984-00258866-00259060 So I reviewed articles and reports
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00985-00259060-00259285 from online instructors and the students
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00986-00259285-00259561 and actually have gone through-- and updating this list
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00987-00259561-00259891 periodically as I work with teachers and students
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00988-00259891-00260305 to come up with more ideas, but trying to keep it to 20.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00989-00260305-00260662 So here's one of the ones that's a very simple tip.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00990-00260662-00260950 And also, a big complaint of students with disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00991-00260950-00261310 is, it's not real clear with how the course is organized
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00992-00261310-00261601 and how you get from one part to the next.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00993-00261601-00261954 Like, if you go into the modules,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00994-00261954-00262213 it doesn't tell you at the end of a module, what do I do next?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00995-00262213-00262382 It might be better, for instance,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00996-00262382-00262756 at the end of that module to say, "Next,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00997-00262756-00262990 go to the discussion board and answer this question,"
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00998-00262990-00263344 or something that doesn't guide you through the class.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-00999-00263344-00263500 And then, also, inconsistency.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01000-00263500-00263854 I'm sure that happened in a lot of the courses that went online
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01001-00263854-00264088 because of the pandemic, as faculty members were quickly
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01002-00264088-00264307 throwing the things that they had online.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01003-00264307-00264484 But now it's time to go back and see
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01004-00264484-00264706 if you can make them a little more consistent,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01005-00264706-00265006 have consistent fonts and organizational schemes.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01006-00265006-00265144 Use a text format.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01007-00265144-00265390 I talked already about why that's important.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01008-00265390-00265609 And Hadi would really benefit from restructuring
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01009-00265609-00265921 those headings, and your lists, and your tables, and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01010-00265921-00266096 And so you can learn how to do that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01011-00266096-00266230 There are standard practices.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01012-00266230-00266419 You can Google it, depending on what
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01013-00266419-00266632 software package you're using.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01014-00266632-00266876 Even in your learning management system,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01015-00266876-00267310 we have a software, Ally, that combines with Canvas to give
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01016-00267310-00267503 you hints on accessibility.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01017-00267503-00267865 But also, you can look at the Q&As about how to make certain
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01018-00267865-00268087 things accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01019-00268087-00268318 Descriptive wording for hyperlinks--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01020-00268318-00268576 this is also beneficial for someone who's blind,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01021-00268576-00268693 using a screen reader.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01022-00268693-00268999 If they go to a website or your content
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01023-00268999-00269248 in a learning management system, one of those pages,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01024-00269248-00269557 and you have links to resources, they
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01025-00269557-00269908 can use their screen reader to skip through all those links
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01026-00269908-00270089 and have them read aloud to them.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01027-00270089-00270430 And so they can see what pages that they can link to,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01028-00270430-00270736 without reading all the surrounding text to explain
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01029-00270736-00270859 what the link is to.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01030-00270859-00271060 So if Hadi goes to a page, and you've
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01031-00271060-00271450 got a whole bunch of links on your website or your learning
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01032-00271450-00271666 management page, a bunch of them,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01033-00271666-00271942 and he just wants to see what it's linking to,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01034-00271942-00272146 and you named them all the same because it
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01035-00272146-00272380 looks kind of pretty and consistent for them all to say,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01036-00272380-00272464 "Click here.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01037-00272464-00272545 Click here.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01038-00272545-00272650 Click here."
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01039-00272650-00272971 That's what Hadi hears if he wants to look and see
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01040-00272971-00273082 what links there are.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01041-00273082-00273245 So he'll just hear, "Click here.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01042-00273245-00273295 Click here.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01043-00273295-00273346 Click here."
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01044-00273346-00273544 So he has to go back to the beginning,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01045-00273544-00273721 and he has to read all that content
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01046-00273721-00273919 so he can get that surrounding text
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01047-00273919-00274168 to see what he's linking to, or he can just randomly
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01048-00274168-00274504 go through these links and see what they link to.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01049-00274504-00274643 So that's a very easy to do.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01050-00274643-00274827 Takes a little work to go back in your class
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01051-00274827-00275013 now and have descriptive wording.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01052-00275013-00275418 So you'd say, "DO-IT website," or, "UW website," rather than,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01053-00275418-00275484 "Click here.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01054-00275484-00275577 Click here."
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01055-00275577-00275700 So just descriptive.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01056-00275700-00275904 Keep it pretty short, but so a person
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01057-00275904-00276153 has an idea what they're linking to.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01058-00276153-00276390 As I've said-- this is my personal opinion, anyway--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01059-00276390-00276657 avoid using PDFs or learn how to make them accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01060-00276657-00277053 And we can teach you how to do that in one of these sessions,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01061-00277053-00277380 and we have even resources online for helping with that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01062-00277380-00277779 Don't use scanned image PDFs.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01063-00277779-00278037 And so accessible HTML is ideal.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01064-00278037-00278382 And that's what-- if you put something in your content page
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01065-00278382-00278733 that's HTML, kind of language of the web,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01066-00278733-00278973 and that is easiest to make accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01067-00278973-00279270 But even if you want to have a document,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01068-00279270-00279529 Microsoft Word is easier to make accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01069-00279529-00279735 So you can keep it pretty easy.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01070-00279735-00279927 I use an attachment for a document
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01071-00279927-00280188 only once in the classes I teach online,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01072-00280188-00280371 and that's for the syllabus.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01073-00280371-00280557 Everything else is in the content pages
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01074-00280557-00280759 or it's linked from there.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01075-00280759-00280941 But the reason I have that document
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01076-00280941-00281200 in the case of the syllabus, it's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01077-00281200-00281388 the one case where I really want the students
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01078-00281388-00281788 to be able to download that document and make it their own.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01079-00281788-00281943 So they can go into that syllabus,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01080-00281943-00282216 and they can make notes in the timeline area
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01081-00282216-00282468 to break down some of the assignments and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01082-00282468-00282711 They can take out content in my syllabus
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01083-00282711-00282858 that doesn't really apply to them.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01084-00282858-00283050 So they don't have a disability, for instance.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01085-00283050-00283354 They can take out that whole section, and some other things.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01086-00283354-00283692 And so they can simplify that syllabus.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01087-00283692-00283884 Some faculty members have pushed back on that
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01088-00283884-00284130 and saying, "Well, it's intellectual content that's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01089-00284130-00284214 mine.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01090-00284214-00284481 I'm the owner of this--" You are.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01091-00284481-00284718 But I have never found anybody that wants
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01092-00284718-00284863 to steal my syllabus, frankly.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01093-00284863-00284982 And if they wanted to, it doesn't really
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01094-00284982-00285094 matter what format it's in.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01095-00285094-00285399 You can easily steal it, anyway.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01096-00285399-00285754 And then, the text descriptions of content and images,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01097-00285754-00285915 we talked about that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01098-00285915-00286083 That's for screen readers to pick up on.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01099-00286083-00286249 Also a very easy thing to do.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01100-00286249-00286527 And in Canvas, in Blackboard, and other learning management
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01101-00286527-00286795 systems, the system will prompt you.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01102-00286795-00287073 If you put an image in, it'll ask for the alt text.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01103-00287073-00287364 But now you know why it's there.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01104-00287364-00287586 Some people ask me, "Well, what are the rules?"
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01105-00287586-00287835 Well, you can find some resources
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01106-00287835-00288126 about alternative text on, particularly,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01107-00288126-00288504 long, descriptive texts, like an image where you need to break
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01108-00288504-00288637 it down to parts and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01109-00288637-00288778 So this can get really complicated
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01110-00288778-00288903 for a complicated image.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01111-00288903-00289179 But for your standard image, keep it short.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01112-00289179-00289458 Imagine what a person needs to know in order
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01113-00289458-00289797 to follow your instruction.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01114-00289797-00290148 And so that name tag that I gave us an example awhile back,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01115-00290148-00290298 I did describe that image.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01116-00290298-00290485 So you didn't have to actually see it.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01117-00290485-00290631 And hopefully, I described it well,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01118-00290631-00290935 so you could follow along if you didn't have access to it.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01119-00290935-00291096 So that's what I'd say, think about,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01120-00291096-00291378 what would you tell somebody on the telephone what's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01121-00291378-00291726 on the screen, that's important, that's relevant to the topic
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01122-00291726-00291864 of discussion?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01123-00291864-00292001 People will tell me all the time,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01124-00292001-00292184 people who are blind, that sometimes, people
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01125-00292184-00292416 make their alternative text too long and too detailed.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01126-00292416-00292560 They just want it to be crisp.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01127-00292560-00292704 Just let me know what I'm missing.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01128-00292704-00292902 And also, you can put in there whether it's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01129-00292902-00293052 just decorative content too.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01130-00293052-00293337 So they don't know that they didn't miss anything
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01131-00293337-00293677 by not knowing the content in that image.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01132-00293677-00293907 So that's fairly easy so far.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01133-00293907-00294276 Use large, bold san serif fonts, uncluttered pages,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01134-00294276-00294408 plain backgrounds.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01135-00294408-00294666 I talked about that as far as my PowerPoints here.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01136-00294666-00295065 High contrast color combinations and problematic ones for those
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01137-00295065-00295272 who are colorblind avoided--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01138-00295272-00295581 there are color checkers who can check and see
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01139-00295581-00296037 if colors are used on a page can be distinguished by individuals
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01140-00296037-00296133 who are colorblind.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01141-00296133-00296439 There are a lot of different types of colorblindness
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01142-00296439-00296724 as far as with colors and how severe it is.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01143-00296724-00297000 I actually prefer to just make sure
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01144-00297000-00297681 that whatever I'm providing or asking people to do
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01145-00297681-00297913 doesn't require that they distinguish color.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01146-00297913-00298155 And so I might even use two buttons where one is red
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01147-00298155-00298374 and one is green, and those are really
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01148-00298374-00298800 difficult for many people with color blindness to distinguish.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01149-00298800-00299166 But I might have the green one as a triangle and the red one
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01150-00299166-00299319 as a square.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01151-00299319-00299633 And so a person can talk about the green triangle.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01152-00299633-00299817 And a person that they can't tell the color,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01153-00299817-00300267 it doesn't matter, because they can tell it's a circle.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01154-00300267-00300661 So anyway, that's something to think about.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01155-00300661-00300906 Make sure videos are captioned and audio-described.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01156-00300906-00301182 Audio description is adding some audio content
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01157-00301182-00301488 in for someone who's blind watching the video,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01158-00301488-00301614 isn't done as commonly.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01159-00301614-00301827 Ideally, we do that with all of our videos.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01160-00301827-00302169 Or, create videos where you speak all the content,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01161-00302169-00302634 and then you don't need the audio description.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01162-00302634-00302891 Avoid using a large number of technology tools.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01163-00302891-00303066 There's so much cool technology out there.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01164-00303066-00303157 It's really out there.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01165-00303157-00303294 It's really tempting to use it.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01166-00303294-00303531 But remember that some people are not--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01167-00303531-00303756 don't find using new technology all that much fun.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01168-00303756-00303903 And some of these smaller products
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01169-00303903-00304161 you might find out that are really cool
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01170-00304161-00304314 do not have accessibility features.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01171-00304314-00304485 They haven't thought about accessibility.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01172-00304485-00304567 How do you know?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01173-00304567-00304864 Well, you can go and you can try using this software
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01174-00304864-00305152 without-- with the keyboard alone.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01175-00305152-00305332 But another way is just go to their website
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01176-00305332-00305536 and see if they have an accessibility page.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01177-00305536-00305725 If they don't, my guess is, it's probably not
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01178-00305725-00305995 designed to be very accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01179-00305995-00306316 But it's just a general guideline for everybody,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01180-00306316-00306601 because you don't want to make the technology using
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01181-00306601-00306800 a big part of your course, in most cases,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01182-00306800-00307066 unless you're teaching about technology tools.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01183-00307066-00307435 And so you don't want people to be
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01184-00307435-00307690 hampered by a lot of technology that you really
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01185-00307690-00307918 didn't need to use.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01186-00307918-00308140 Address a wide range of technical skills,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01187-00308140-00308377 pointing to resources to gain skills.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01188-00308377-00308624 Imagine in your Canvas course that you
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01189-00308624-00308854 have a student in there that this is their first Canvas
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01190-00308854-00308942 course they've taken.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01191-00308942-00309088 Most of your students have probably
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01192-00309088-00309427 done many Canvas courses by the time they're in yours.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01193-00309427-00309663 But for that, just give some guidelines
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01194-00309663-00309847 to that particular student, not individually
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01195-00309847-00310126 but in your syllabus or in an announcement, to say,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01196-00310126-00310507 if you're new at using Canvas, I suggest you watch this video
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01197-00310507-00310831 or go to this Q&A to get started.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01198-00310831-00311056 Because there's so much in the resources pages,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01199-00311056-00311203 they don't know where to start.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01200-00311203-00311437 And you know what you're going to be doing in the class,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01201-00311437-00311763 so you know which resource is good to start with.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01202-00311763-00311980 Make sure the content is presented in multiple ways.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01203-00311980-00312355 There we get into universal design for learning.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01204-00312355-00312682 And multiple ways, we offer multiple ways to communicate
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01205-00312682-00312871 and to collaborate.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01206-00312871-00313070 If I have small groups--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01207-00313070-00313280 this is in online or on site--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01208-00313280-00313435 I make sure to give them instructions
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01209-00313435-00313753 on how I expect them to work together
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01210-00313753-00313925 in order to participate.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01211-00313925-00314134 Multiple ways to demonstrate what they've learned,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01212-00314134-00314380 lots of different ways to test for learning--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01213-00314380-00314614 and address a wide range of language skills,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01214-00314614-00314800 just using plain English, spelling out
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01215-00314800-00315250 acronyms, and defining jargon, things like that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01216-00315250-00315445 Make your instructions and expectations clear,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01217-00315445-00315691 one of the other top things that students with disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01218-00315691-00315841 complain about.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01219-00315841-00316075 Students on the autism spectrum and students
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01220-00316075-00316261 with some types of learning disabilities
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01221-00316261-00316507 particularly benefit when you make your instructions really
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01222-00316507-00316864 clear, but a lot of people do, disability or not.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01223-00316864-00317023 Make sure examples and assignments are
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01224-00317023-00317263 relevant to a diverse audience.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01225-00317263-00317473 And use outlines and scaffolding tools
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01226-00317473-00317728 to help students get through the content.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01227-00317728-00318193 Provide adequate opportunities for practice and adequate time
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01228-00318193-00318304 provided for activities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01229-00318304-00318656 One way to do that is to put all of your assignments
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01230-00318656-00318877 in the class, particularly big projects and so forth,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01231-00318877-00319084 in the syllabus, clearly defined.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01232-00319084-00319334 And so students can get started on those right away,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01233-00319334-00319609 allowing them to have more time, essentially--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01234-00319609-00319912 and giving feedback on parts of a big assignment and maybe
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01235-00319912-00320116 corrective opportunities.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01236-00320116-00320395 Two more quick things.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01237-00320395-00320620 Using the accessibility checkers--
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01238-00320620-00320800 you can Google and find out where they are,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01239-00320800-00321121 if you can't find them for Microsoft Word, PowerPoint,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01240-00321121-00321434 PDFs, and learning management systems, and so forth.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01241-00321434-00321726 Use those checkers that can point out some things that
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01242-00321726-00321806 are not accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01243-00321806-00321997 And now that you've been in this presentation,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01244-00321997-00322234 you should understand why they're giving you
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01245-00322234-00322397 the direction that they are.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01246-00322397-00322676 And when you are choosing IT tools to use,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01247-00322676-00322948 check for accessibility on the page of the website,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01248-00322948-00323083 as I mentioned.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01249-00323083-00323485 The Voluntary Product Accessibility Template,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01250-00323485-00323746 you can look that up, but that's the federal government's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01251-00323746-00324064 template that software companies need-- and hardware,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01252-00324064-00324322 actually-- have to put in to talk about accessibility.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01253-00324322-00324505 But sometimes, it's the marketing people
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01254-00324505-00324632 that are putting them up.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01255-00324632-00324895 So you might want to check with my team
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01256-00324895-00325259 on that, for a particularly important product you're using.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01257-00325259-00325828 And also, there's a discussion list of an organization called
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01258-00325828-00326116 ATHEN that handles a lot of these Q&As.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01259-00326116-00326329 And they have archives where, probably,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01260-00326329-00326467 the product you're using has been
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01261-00326467-00326706 discussed at one point in time.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01262-00326706-00326854 So those are some things.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01263-00326854-00327124 And I'll point to the DO-IT website for details.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01264-00327124-00327385 Like, how do I create math and science documents
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01265-00327385-00327634 that are accessible to students with visual impairments?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01266-00327634-00327808 Details like that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01267-00327808-00328081 What are some of the standards and guidelines for providing
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01268-00328081-00328379 captions and things like that?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01269-00328379-00328672 So in summary, universal design is an attitude, a framework,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01270-00328672-00328810 a goal, a process.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01271-00328810-00329053 It values diversity, equity, and inclusion,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01272-00329053-00329314 promotes best practices, does not lower standards.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01273-00329314-00329617 It's proactive, can be implemented incrementally,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01274-00329617-00329825 is for the benefit of everyone, and minimizes
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01275-00329825-00329942 the need for accommodations.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01276-00329942-00330275 So, let's do that.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01277-00330275-00330502 And so, good teaching is good teaching.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01278-00330502-00330763 So what universal design provides-- or accessible
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01279-00330763-00331045 design, however you want to look at it-- is a lens
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01280-00331045-00331271 to look at all of your teaching processes and say,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01281-00331271-00331630 is there something I could modify this particular practice
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01282-00331630-00331947 in order to be more inclusive of people?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01283-00331947-00332122 And so, it doesn't require that you change
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01284-00332122-00332332 your teaching practices a lot.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01285-00332332-00332503 So here are some resources on the screen,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01286-00332503-00333052 and we're going to put the URLs in chat, our UW Accessible
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01287-00333052-00333250 Technology page.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01288-00333250-00333430 And then, we'll also put in there
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01289-00333430-00333739 the DO-IT Center, where you can find the Center for Universal
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01290-00333739-00334021 Design and Education, and AccessDL,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01291-00334021-00334189 which has a lot of resources, not just
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01292-00334189-00334480 our own, on how to make distance learning or online learning
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01293-00334480-00334571 accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01294-00334571-00334964 You also can contact me at sherylb@uw.edu.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01295-00334964-00335456 That's S-H-E-R-Y-L-B@U-W.E-D-U.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01296-00335456-00335690 So we have time for a quick question.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01297-00335690-00335879 And we're running out of time here,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01298-00335879-00336127 but I'm not running away any time soon.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01299-00336127-00336269 So if you have a question, and you
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01300-00336269-00336606 would like to stay a few minutes after our session,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01301-00336606-00336686 I'll still be here.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01302-00336970-00337206 So do we have any questions that have popped up in chat?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01303-00338619-00339253 Well, you can unmute yourself and ask a question as well.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01304-00339253-00339543 Anna Marie: It looks like Gaby has answered most
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01305-00339543-00339699 of the questions in the chat.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01306-00339699-00339876 I'm just looking through here to see.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01307-00340367-00340538 SHERYL BURGSTAHLER: And Gaby, by the way,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01308-00340538-00341012 is the one that teaches these PDF sessions in this series.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01309-00341012-00341303 One question I often get is, "Well, where do I get started?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01310-00341303-00341534 It can seem a little overwhelming."
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01311-00341534-00341733 And my answer to that is always the same.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01312-00341733-00341849 Well, just start somewhere.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01313-00341849-00342050 Whatever you do to make your course more accessible,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01314-00342050-00342187 it's going to be more accessible,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01315-00342187-00342419 and there's going to be less need for an accommodation.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01316-00342419-00342674 And even if it's not something that would need accommodation,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01317-00342674-00342915 it's going to make it more inclusive of your students.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01318-00342915-00343061 Another way to look at it is, think
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01319-00343061-00343409 about what you're doing the first two weeks of school
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01320-00343409-00343570 and really focus on that area.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01321-00343570-00343745 So the student with a disability that does
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01322-00343745-00343970 need an accommodation has some time
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01323-00343970-00344231 to work with disability resources for students,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01324-00344231-00344418 to get those accommodations they need.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01325-00344418-00344720 And so they get their documents or other accommodations
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01326-00344720-00345005 when the other students get access to those things.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01327-00345005-00345143 Anna Marie: I do see one question
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01328-00345143-00345335 that has not been answered.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01329-00345335-00345707 "Can you please recommend a solution for situations when
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01330-00345707-00345959 PDF documents cannot be avoided?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01331-00345959-00346301 For example, in some courses, we need to upload images
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01332-00346301-00346597 of court documents."
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01333-00346597-00346814 SHERYL BURGSTAHLER: Well, I would first look to see.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01334-00346814-00347075 Sometimes, you can find that those documents
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01335-00347075-00347516 have been also made available online in an accessible format.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01336-00347773-00348016 Otherwise, I would, as an instructor,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01337-00348016-00348262 probably leave that as an accommodation.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01338-00348262-00348553 So you would have to do the remediation yourself.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01339-00348553-00348736 But the disability services office
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01340-00348736-00349105 should be warned enough, given enough time ahead of time,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01341-00349105-00349294 to remediate those documents for you.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01342-00350127-00350305 But you're thinking along the right lines.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01343-00350305-00350517 And so there can be some things that are easy to do
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01344-00350517-00350708 and some things that are hard.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01345-00350708-00350892 And so the question is always along the way,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01346-00350892-00351201 could I do this myself and do it now or later?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01347-00351201-00351501 And what things will I rely on the disability services
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01348-00351501-00351741 office for, at least now?
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01349-00351741-00352081 And sometimes, the library can help you with some of these
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01350-00352081-00352131 too.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01351-00352131-00352390 They have an accessibility person, Andy Andrews,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01352-00352390-00352632 but other staff that know about looking for accessibility.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01353-00352632-00352893 Because, again, you might be able to find a document that's
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01354-00352893-00353230 presented in PDF but also is in an alternative format.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01355-00353632-00354088 Anna Marie: OK, I want folks to know that this recording will
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01356-00354088-00354391 be available on our website as soon as we
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01357-00354391-00354793 get the captions back, and we will have the PowerPoint posted
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01358-00354793-00354916 there for you too.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01359-00354916-00355177 I just put a link in the chat, and that's the page
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01360-00355177-00355354 on our webinar archives page.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01361-00355354-00355582 It's where you'll find that when it's available.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01362-00356022-00356275 SHERYL BURGSTAHLER: Well, thank you for joining us,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01363-00356275-00356500 give me the opportunity to talk about something that I
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01364-00356500-00356633 feel pretty passionate about.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01365-00356633-00356916 And so I would encourage you to do one thing, just one thing,
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01366-00356916-00357186 and then go from there, to make your course accessible.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01367-00357459-00357530 Anna Marie: Cool.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01368-00357530-00357728 Thanks for joining us today, everyone.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01369-00358587-00358815 OK, I'm going to stop the recording now.
+PaoIxMJPX9y-01370-00359130-00359300 SPEAKER 3: Great--
+PayJKNVRUBu-00000-00000000-00000200 jeje jeje jeje
+PayJKNVRUBu-00001-00000204-00000404 diamond platnumz
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00000-00000048-00000376 I know you work hard to make the best lifestyle choices
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00001-00000376-00000688 so you can improve your health, destiny, and longevity.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00002-00000688-00001072 And there’s lots of information out there on how to do just that.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00003-00001072-00001632 So where do you start? Well – we start with the facts.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00004-00001632-00002088 Welcome to the Nutrition Facts Podcast – I’m your host Dr. Michael Greger.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00005-00002088-00002488 My job is to bring you the latest peer- reviewed nutrition and health research
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00006-00002488-00002720 and share it with you here.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00007-00002848-00003264 Today we look at the carbon footprint of what we eat –
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00008-00003264-00003679 starting with the findings of the Eat-Lancet commission –
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00009-00003679-00004024 a collaboration between 37 experts from 16 countries
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00010-00004024-00004488 that lays out the best diet for human and planetary health.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00011-00004592-00005096 Scientists have a clear moral obligation to clearly warn humanity
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00012-00005096-00005512 of any catastrophic threat and to tell it like it is.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00013-00005512-00006024 In November 2019, more than 11,000 scientists from 150 countries
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00014-00006024-00006360 clearly and unequivocally declared that planet Earth
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00015-00006360-00006736 is facing a climate emergency.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00016-00006736-00007288 CO2 levels are rising, the glaciers are melting, Antarctica is melting.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00017-00007288-00007559 The oceans are getting hotter, more acidic.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00018-00007631-00008095 Sea levels are rising, and so are extreme weather events.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00019-00008095-00008488 And yes, fossil fuel use is going up, like air travel, but
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00020-00008488-00008920 so is per capita meat consumption. In fact, one of the solutions
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00021-00008920-00009248 they offer to help the climate crisis is eating mostly
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00022-00009248-00009840 plant-based foods while reducing the global consumption of animal products.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00023-00009840-00010368 And what makes designing a sustainable diet so easy is that the same advice—
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00024-00010368-00010760 like eat less meat—is good for both personal health, like reducing
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00025-00010760-00011240 the risk of our number #1 killer, as well as for planetary health.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00026-00011240-00011792 The least healthy foods also cause the worst environmental impact.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00027-00011792-00012216 The foods with the most nutrition just so happen to be the foods
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00028-00012216-00012784 that cause the lowest greenhouse gas emissions, so you get this win-win effect.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00029-00012856-00013104 So let's put it all together.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00030-00013104-00013568 If we are to redesign the global food system for human and planetary health—
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00031-00013568-00014056 which is to say human health and future human health—what would it look like?
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00032-00014056-00014408 Enter: the EAT-Lancet Commission, the result of more than two years
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00033-00014408-00014800 of collaboration between 37 experts from 16 countries, suggesting
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00034-00014800-00015216 a cut in total meat consumption down to like an ounce a day—
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00035-00015216-00015463 that's like the weight of a single chicken nugget—
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00036-00015463-00015712 all the while dramatically increasing our intakes
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00037-00015712-00016000 of legumes—which are beans, split peas, chickpeas, and lentils—
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00038-00016000-00016256 nuts, fruits, and vegetables,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00039-00016256-00016680 because we're not just in a climate crisis, but a health crisis.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00040-00016680-00017016 Unhealthy diets cause more death and disease than smoking,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00041-00017016-00017432 more than unsafe sex, and alcohol, drug, and tobacco use combined.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00042-00017504-00017872 But we can address both crises at the same time
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00043-00017872-00018144 by increasing our consumption of whole plant foods
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00044-00018144-00018488 and substantially reducing our consumption of animal source foods.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00045-00018568-00019120 Eating such a diet could save the lives of more than 10 million people a year
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00046-00019120-00019392 and may just help save the world.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00047-00019448-00019776 The Paris Agreement had set out a boundary condition,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00048-00019776-00020368 an aspirational goal for a carbon budget to help prevent catastrophic impacts,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00049-00020368-00020592 and staying within the boundary for climate change
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00050-00020592-00020976 can be achieved by consuming plant-based diets.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00051-00020976-00021464 And the personal benefits may be comparable with or even exceed
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00052-00021464-00021720 the value of the environmental benefits.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00053-00021720-00022032 The healthcare benefits alone for a healthy global diet—
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00054-00022032-00022456 a predominantly plant-based diet, a vegetarian or a vegan diet—
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00055-00022528-00022872 could exceed the price of the carbon saved.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00056-00022872-00023280 We're talking up to $30 trillion dollars a year saved
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00057-00023280-00023528 from the health benefits alone.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00058-00023672-00024064 Now if the health of yourself, the planet, and your own children
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00059-00024064-00024448 doesn't quite motivate you, consider that you may also be facing threats
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00060-00024448-00024656 to the global beer supply.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00061-00024760-00025128 And healthier diets don't just reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00062-00025200-00025632 Since livestock production is the single largest driver of habitat loss,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00063-00025632-00025824 reducing meat consumption is also the key
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00064-00025824-00026320 to biodiversity conservation, ideally, perhaps, reducing demand
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00065-00026320-00026512 for animal-based foods by increasing
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00066-00026512-00026880 the proportion of plant-based foods up to like 90% of the diet.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00067-00026968-00027320 Livestock production is also a leading cause of soil loss, water
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00068-00027320-00027808 and nutrient pollution. Yet it appears to be a blind spot in water policy.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00069-00027808-00028216 Despite the fact that animal products form the single most important factor
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00070-00028216-00028416 in humanity's water footprint,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00071-00028416-00028808 water managers never seem to talk about meat and dairy.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00072-00028808-00028968 But it's not just animal products.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00073-00028968-00029416 I mean, yes, at least 80% of the deforestation in the Amazon
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00074-00029416-00029704 is to raise cattle and grow feed crops like soybeans
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00075-00029704-00029880 to export to other farm animals,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00076-00029880-00030383 but also to make vegetable oil, most of which is from palm and soy.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00077-00030383-00030808 Both crops have been expanding, resulting in massive deforestation.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00078-00030872-00031344 It just seems particularly egregious if that deforestation takes place
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00079-00031400-00031583 for the sake of junk food.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00080-00031712-00032120 Not everyone agrees we should be moving to healthier diets, though.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00081-00032120-00032639 The World Health Organization actually pulled out of the EAT-Lancet Commission
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00082-00032639-00033072 because of their promotion of a global move to more plant-based foods.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00083-00033072-00033424 See, if we focused on promoting predominantly plant-based foods
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00084-00033424-00033768 and excluding foods deemed unhealthy, including meat and other
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00085-00033768-00034272 animal-based foods, such a diet could, yeah, save 10 million lives a year,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00086-00034272-00034688 $30 trillion dollars, and help save the entire planet, but could lead
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00087-00034688-00035184 to the loss of jobs linked to animal husbandry and the production of junk.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00088-00035336-00035672 In our next story we look at how much greenhouse gas
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00089-00035672-00035912 is caused by the production of different foods –
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00090-00035912-00036408 measured in miles driven or even light bulb hour equivalents.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00091-00036408-00036624 And yes, that’s a thing.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00092-00036736-00037200 Our eating habits are making us and the planet increasingly unhealthy.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00093-00037200-00037480 Ours is a lose-lose situation;
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00094-00037480-00037880 a global transformation of the food system is urgently needed.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00095-00037952-00038320 In consideration of the mounting evidence regarding the environmental effects of
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00096-00038320-00038784 foods, for the 2015 to 2020 U.S. Dietary Guidelines the scientific advisory
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00097-00038784-00039224 committee included for the first time a chapter focused on food safety
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00098-00039224-00039704 and sustainability, concluding, "a dietary pattern that is higher
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00099-00039704-00039896 in plant-based foods, such as vegetables, fruits,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00100-00039896-00040080 whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00101-00040080-00040528 and lower in animal-based foods, is not only more health promoting
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00102-00040528-00040808 but also associated with lesser environmental impact..."
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00103-00040928-00041400 Despite unprecedented public support, this and other sustainability language
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00104-00041400-00041760 was, not surprisingly, vanished from the final Dietary Guidelines
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00105-00041760-00042160 published jointly by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They're not even
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00106-00042160-00042656 sufficiently sticking to the science on healthy eating either, including no, or
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00107-00042656-00043088 too lax limits for animal-source foods, despite the available evidence.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00108-00043088-00043568 Even if they ignored planetary health altogether and just stuck to the latest
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00109-00043568-00044032 evidence on healthy eating, it would have knock-on environmental benefits.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00110-00044032-00044360 Replacing animal-source foods with plant-based ones would not only
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00111-00044360-00044600 improve nutrition and help people live longer,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00112-00044600-00044984 but could reduce greenhouse gas emissions up to 84%.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00113-00045080-00045440 In general, plant-based foods cause fewer adverse environmental effects
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00114-00045440-00045928 by nearly any measure. In terms of carbon footprint, all the foods that are
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00115-00045928-00046336 the equivalent of driving more than a mile per serving are animal products.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00116-00046360-00046776 Even though something like a lamb chop or farmed fish may be the worst,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00117-00046776-00047144 eating chicken still causes like five times the global warming
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00118-00047144-00047640 than even something like tropical fruit, though the climate superstars
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00119-00047640-00047992 are legumes—beans, split peas, chickpeas, and lentils.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00120-00048064-00048384 For example, in the United States, substituting beans for beef
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00121-00048384-00048952 at the national level could alone deliver up to 75% of the 2020 greenhouse gas
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00122-00048952-00049408 emissions reduction target and spare an area of land 1.5 times
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00123-00049408-00049864 the size of California, not to mention the health benefits.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00124-00049952-00050360 And it's not just greenhouse gases. Kidney beans required approximately
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00125-00050360-00050912 18 times less land, 10 times less water, 9 times less fuel, 12 times less fertilizer,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00126-00050912-00051424 and 10 times less pesticides. So yeah, according to the prestigious
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00127-00051424-00051752 EAT-Lancet Commission, more plant-based may be better,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00128-00051752-00052248 but even a shift towards a healthier dietary pattern emphasizing whole grains,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00129-00052248-00052528 fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes without necessarily
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00130-00052528-00052855 eating strictly-plant-based, would be beneficial.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00131-00052855-00053240 In Europe, for example, just halving the consumption of meat, dairy, and eggs
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00132-00053312-00053832 would achieve up to a 40% reduction in nitrogen emissions and greenhouse gas
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00133-00053832-00054320 emissions, and require about a fifth less land. In addition, the dietary changes
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00134-00054320-00054679 would also lower health risks, reducing cardiovascular mortality,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00135-00054679-00055184 their leading cause of death. Note, however, that minimizing
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00136-00055184-00055608 environmental impacts does not necessarily maximize human health.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00137-00055608-00056048 Yes, animal products, dairy, eggs, fish, and other meat releases significantly
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00138-00056048-00056416 more greenhouse gas per serving than foods from plants;
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00139-00056416-00056976 eating added sugar and oil isn't going to do your own body any favors.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00140-00056976-00057272 In California, including more animal products in your diet requires
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00141-00057272-00057655 an additional 10,000 quarts of water a week.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00142-00057655-00058024 So that's like taking 150 more showers a week.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00143-00058104-00058520 Even just skipping meat on weekdays could conserve thousands of gallons
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00144-00058520-00058872 a week compared to eating meat every day, and cut your daily
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00145-00058872-00059264 carbon footprint and total ecological footprint by about 40%.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00146-00059432-00059672 Some countries are actually doing something about it.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00147-00059672-00059976 The Chinese government, for example, has outlined a plan to reduce
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00148-00059976-00060416 its citizens' meat consumption by 50%, whereas much of the rest of the world
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00149-00060416-00060744 appears to be doing the complete opposite, pumping billions
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00150-00060744-00061136 of taxpayer dollars into subsidizing the meat, dairy, and egg industries.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00151-00061240-00061824 We can certainly all try to do our part; however, an obstacle to dietary change
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00152-00061824-00062176 may be consumers' underestimation of the environmental impacts
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00153-00062176-00062567 of different types of food, but may be aided by labeling.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00154-00062567-00063104 For example, imagine picking up a can of a beef noodle soup and seeing this.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00155-00063104-00063376 The carbon footprint of a single half-cup serving
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00156-00063376-00063728 is like leaving a light on for 39 hours straight.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00157-00063728-00064255 And not some eco-bulb, right? An old-school 100-watt hot incandescent,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00158-00064255-00064752 compared to a meat-free vegetable soup—a difference of 34 light-bulb hours.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00159-00064840-00065312 You can imagine someone getting on your case for unnecessarily leaving on a light
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00160-00065312-00065984 for 34 minutes, but this is 34 hours just eating a different half cup of soup.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00161-00066216-00066840 Finally today, why don’t environmental groups advocate climate-friendlier diets?
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00162-00066920-00067080 Let’s find out.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00163-00067216-00067536 In what “was arguably the largest ever environmental protest
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00164-00067536-00067840 in the world,” more than a million children, across more than
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00165-00067840-00068192 a hundred countries, joined a “Global Climate March,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00166-00068192-00068384 demanding that governments act…”
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00167-00068448-00068672 “The concerns of the young protesters are justified”
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00168-00068672-00068888 and “supported by the best available science,”
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00169-00068888-00069072 wrote a group of scientists and scholars.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00170-00069072-00069384 The enormous mobilization shows that young people have at least
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00171-00069384-00069704 understood the situation, and “we strongly support their demand
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00172-00069704-00069888 for rapid and forceful action.”
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00173-00069960-00070288 In terms of our food supply there are all sorts of little tweaks,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00174-00070288-00070616 like feed additives that can reduce cattle belching,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00175-00070616-00070936 but put all those tweaks together, according to the prestigious
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00176-00070936-00071144 EAT-Lancet Commission, and we’re only talking about
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00177-00071144-00071464 reducing agricultural greenhouse- gas emissions in 2050
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00178-00071464-00071856 by about 10% ; whereas, if we instead switched over
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00179-00071856-00072248 to plant foods, we “could reduce emissions by up to 80 percent.”
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00180-00072328-00072824 All those cow, sheep, and goat burps only represent a fraction
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00181-00072824-00073136 of the greenhouse gas emissions from animal agriculture;
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00182-00073136-00073528 so, that’s why according to the IPCC, the official Intergovernmental
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00183-00073528-00073920 Panel on Climate Change, becoming a so-called climate carnivore,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00184-00073920-00074216 just cutting down on ruminant products like beef,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00185-00074216-00074536 wouldn’t reduce greenhouse gas emissions as much
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00186-00074536-00075000 as eating a healthier diet and limiting meat across the board.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00187-00075000-00075288 And, the fewer animal products the better.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00188-00075400-00075776 “Which diet has the least environmental impact on our planet?”
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00189-00075776-00076184 A systematic review found that eating completely plant-based
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00190-00076184-00076440 may be “the optimal diet for the environment.”
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00191-00076440-00076792 But it’s not all or nothing. Even just cutting down on meat
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00192-00076792-00077048 to under an ounce or two a day could get you half
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00193-00077048-00077416 the way there in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00194-00077416-00077768 In terms of land use, a healthier diet, like a Mediterranean diet,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00195-00077768-00078128 may decrease your footprint by about a quarter, whereas even more
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00196-00078128-00078624 plant-based diets can drop land use 50% or more.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00197-00078624-00078920 In general, diets that include meat require
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00198-00078920-00079104 about three times more water,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00199-00079104-00079424 13 times more fertilizer, more than twice the energy,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00200-00079424-00079752 and 40% more pesticides than those that don’t.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00201-00079816-00080128 If you look even broader at the total environmental impact
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00202-00080128-00080504 of omnivorous versus vegetarian versus vegan diets,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00203-00080560-00080944 looking not just at global warming, but ocean acidification,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00204-00080944-00081384 agricultural run-off, smog, ecotoxicity of the water and soil,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00205-00081384-00081648 and direct human toxicity of the air we breathe
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00206-00081648-00082016 and the water we drink, and the soil we grow our food from,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00207-00082016-00082456 eating eggs and dairy may be nine times worse than plants.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00208-00082456-00082816 And, eating eggs, dairy, and meat may be 17 times worse
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00209-00082816-00083056 than sticking to plant foods.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00210-00083056-00083608 Oh, and as a bonus, we could feed an additional 350 million Americans,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00211-00083608-00083968 like an entire extra country’s worth of people—
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00212-00083968-00084272 more than if we eliminated food waste completely.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00213-00084384-00084704 Changing meat-eating habits would seem to be a relatively
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00214-00084704-00084960 cheap and easy way to mitigate climate change,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00215-00084960-00085248 in contrast to many other factors outside our control.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00216-00085248-00085672 However, surveys suggest few seem to recognize this option
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00217-00085672-00086104 of eating less meat as a significant opportunity for helping.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00218-00086104-00086400 Research has shown that consumers often underestimate
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00219-00086400-00086696 the impacts of meat consumption on the environment in general,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00220-00086696-00087000 and on climate change in particular.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00221-00087000-00087368 “The outstanding effectiveness of the less meat option
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00222-00087368-00087664 (as established by climate experts) was recognized by…
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00223-00087664-00088056 [only] 6% of [Americans sampled,] and that’s after they were
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00224-00088056-00088472 prompted to assume climate change is actually happening.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00225-00088472-00088768 “There is an overwhelming scientific consensus that
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00226-00088768-00089040 climate change is real and that we’re driving it,”
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00227-00089104-00089384 but only about half of U.S. adults believe it.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00228-00089464-00089840 This is not by coincidence. Just like the tobacco industry
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00229-00089840-00090128 tried to subvert the overwhelming evidence that
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00230-00090128-00090512 smoking caused cancer, companies like “Exxon orchestrated
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00231-00090512-00090784 climate change denial campaign[s] that stalled
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00232-00090784-00091024 meaningful efforts… for decades.”
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00233-00091112-00091496 Certainly, environmental groups should know better, though.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00234-00091496-00091952 “None of the highest profile NGOs examined” appeared to want
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00235-00091952-00092352 to feature the link between meat consumption and climate change.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00236-00092352-00092552 They were all aware of the evidence, of course,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00237-00092552-00092896 but evidently the science alone was not sufficient.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00238-00092896-00093216 It’s like another form of denialism that can become like
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00239-00093216-00093696 a negative feedback loop, where it’s not popular to talk about,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00240-00093696-00094000 so you don’t talk about it, so it remains not popular
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00241-00094000-00094232 to talk about, depriving the issue of the attention
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00242-00094232-00094440 that it needs to break out.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00243-00094504-00094784 And when they have messaged about it, environmental groups
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00244-00094784-00095208 have tended to favor just asking for a moderate reduction
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00245-00095208-00095520 in meat consumption, notable given the research
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00246-00095520-00095832 demonstrating how much more powerful a lever it could be
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00247-00095832-00096160 at the individual level to go even further.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00248-00096216-00096568 But, they don’t want to be seen as telling people what to do,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00249-00096568-00097040 instead advocating for small changes, like turning off
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00250-00097040-00097472 your computer monitor at lunchtime or printing double-sided.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00251-00097472-00097808 But, “the cumulative impact of large numbers of individuals
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00252-00097808-00098104 making [just] marginal improvements in their environmental impact”
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00253-00098104-00098584 may end up constituting just a marginal collective improvement.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00254-00098584-00098840 Yet, we now live at a time when we need to make
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00255-00098840-00099104 urgent and ambitious changes.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00256-00099216-00099512 We would love it if you could share with us your stories
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00257-00099512-00099856 about reinventing your health through evidence-based nutrition.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00258-00099856-00100200 Go to nutritionfacts.org/testimonials.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00259-00100200-00100608 We may share it on our social media to help inspire others.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00260-00100664-00101064 To see any graphs, charts, graphics, images or studies mentioned here,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00261-00101064-00101440 please go to the Nutrition Facts Podcast landing page.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00262-00101440-00101744 There you’ll find all the detailed information you need –
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00263-00101744-00102168 plus links to all of the sources we cite for each of these topics.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00264-00102224-00102664 For a vital, timely text on the pathogens that cause pandemics –
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00265-00102664-00102840 you can order the e-book, audio book,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00266-00102840-00103280 or the hard copy of my last book “How to Survive a Pandemic.”
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00267-00103352-00103832 For recipes, check out my new “How Not to Diet Cookbook”.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00268-00103832-00104408 It’s beautifully designed, with more than 100 recipes for delicious and nutritious meals.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00269-00104480-00104976 And all proceeds I receive from the sales of all my books goes to charity.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00270-00105064-00105496 NutritionFacts.org itself is a nonprofit, science-based public service,
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00271-00105496-00105696 where you can sign up for free daily updates
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00272-00105696-00106128 on the latest in nutrition research via bite-sized videos and articles.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00273-00106128-00106344 Everything on the website is free.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00274-00106400-00106672 There’s no ads, no corporate sponsorship.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00275-00106672-00107024 It’s strictly non-commercial. I’m not selling anything.
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00276-00107024-00107368 I just put it up as a public service, as a labor of love –
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00277-00107368-00107664 as a tribute to my grandmother –
+PbwBRp2KT3Y-00278-00107664-00108255 whose own life was saved with evidence-based nutrition.
+PbBwLjONUF8-00000-00001540-00001826 Ok, what's the emergency? WHO?
+PbBwLjONUF8-00001-00001826-00002382 ommy... some mob thugs... said they'd come to take
+PbBwLjONUF8-00002-00002382-00002792 their cut... said it was a Mr. Forrello's money... I feel like crap.
+PbBwLjONUF8-00003-00002792-00003016 Forelli? SONNY Forelli?
+PbBwLjONUF8-00004-00003016-00003336 Yeah, that's the guy... I think... they were very insistent...
+PbBwLjONUF8-00005-00003336-00003728 Don't you worry, pop, I'm not angry with you. Get him to the hospital.
+PbBwLjONUF8-00006-00003728-00003997 Tommy... rip that guy a new asshole for me...
+PbBwLjONUF8-00007-00003997-00004192 I'm gonna rip him two!
+PbBwLjONUF8-00008-00020442-00020794 Tommy, Lance, we got big problems. Come down here. Right away.
+Pefr_hG1njM-00000-00000016-00000066 Uh oh!
+Pefr_hG1njM-00001-00000198-00000298 Jason, look out!
+PeRQhXPad0I-00000-00000656-00001184 let us continue with our theme of unpacking ethnography in this section we would like
+PeRQhXPad0I-00001-00001184-00001696 to discuss its other major component the concepts that form the fundamental
+PeRQhXPad0I-00002-00001696-00002368 structure of ethnographic research along with the process the method is composed of
+PeRQhXPad0I-00003-00002368-00002984 certain principles that guide its process and give ethnography its particular way of seeing
+PeRQhXPad0I-00004-00003056-00003696 these ideas and concepts define how and what we see when we set out on our investigation
+PeRQhXPad0I-00005-00003696-00004400 and how we understand or interpret our findings the approach by which we arrive at our data is
+PeRQhXPad0I-00006-00004400-00005136 as important as the data itself these principles are the core characteristics or attributes of the
+PeRQhXPad0I-00007-00005136-00005992 ethnographic method let us understand these concepts in greater detail as we have seen so far
+PeRQhXPad0I-00008-00005992-00006416 the experiences and learnings that form the raw material of our research
+PeRQhXPad0I-00009-00006472-00007080 are gathered in the field that is in the context where the phenomena we are studying occurs
+PeRQhXPad0I-00010-00007080-00007744 naturally or where they commonly occur this makes ethnography a naturalistic form of research
+PeRQhXPad0I-00011-00007848-00008440 moreover it has to be conducted in the time in which the phenomena is taking place it
+PeRQhXPad0I-00012-00008440-00009056 cannot be a study of something from the past or a forecasting of the future it
+PeRQhXPad0I-00013-00009056-00009728 is in the here and now therefore synchronic meaning a research situated in the present
+PeRQhXPad0I-00014-00009792-00011384 this is why it emphasizes being present at the immediate site and at the time of the occurrence
+PeRQhXPad0I-00015-00013144-00013680 when we experience events in the context as they occur we also understand the various
+PeRQhXPad0I-00016-00013680-00014184 perspectives of others who are involved in it and how they experience the event
+PeRQhXPad0I-00017-00014288-00014968 to be present is not simply to just turn up on the field an important characteristic of ethnographic
+PeRQhXPad0I-00018-00014968-00015696 practice is to pay attention to the most minute and mundane details of our participants lives
+PeRQhXPad0I-00019-00015808-00016368 here let us turn to someone who is often credited with laying down some of the founding principles
+PeRQhXPad0I-00020-00016368-00017144 of ethnographic practice branislaw malinowski malinowski was an austrian anthropologist
+PeRQhXPad0I-00021-00017144-00017808 who did some of his most significant work in the trobrian islands off the coast of new guinea
+PeRQhXPad0I-00022-00017808-00018584 in the early 1900s he put forth the idea that the work of the ethnographer is to gather and
+PeRQhXPad0I-00023-00018584-00019400 make sense of what he called the imponderabilia of actual life let us hear it from the man himself
+PeRQhXPad0I-00024-00019600-00020160 the important rubio of everyday life is a series of phenomena of great importance
+PeRQhXPad0I-00025-00020160-00020832 which cannot possibly be recorded by questioning or computing documents but have to be observed
+PeRQhXPad0I-00026-00020832-00021832 in their full actuality and to illustrate what he means here is an example of his own recordings i
+PeRQhXPad0I-00027-00021832-00022344 would get out from under my mosquito net to find around me the village life beginning to stir
+PeRQhXPad0I-00028-00022416-00023040 or the people well advanced in their working day according to the hour and also to the season for
+PeRQhXPad0I-00029-00023040-00023760 they get up and begin their labors early or late as work presses as i went on my morning walk
+PeRQhXPad0I-00030-00023760-00024456 through the village i could see intimate details of family life of toilet cooking taking of meals
+PeRQhXPad0I-00031-00024544-00025072 i could see the arrangements for the day's work people starting on their errands or groups of
+PeRQhXPad0I-00032-00025072-00025864 men and women busy at some manufacturing tasks quarrels jokes family scenes events usually
+PeRQhXPad0I-00033-00025864-00026639 trivial sometimes traumatic but always significant form the atmosphere of my daily life as well as of
+PeRQhXPad0I-00034-00026639-00027512 theirs but why this insistence on imponderabilia why is it so central to our work let's see if you
+PeRQhXPad0I-00035-00027512-00028080 can find the answer to that in our discussion on the contextual and descriptive nature of
+PeRQhXPad0I-00036-00028080-00028824 ethnography we have spoken about how ethnography is naturalistic and synchronic and can only be
+PeRQhXPad0I-00037-00028824-00029527 gathered if we are present in the setting and at the time when the phenomena occurs this means that
+PeRQhXPad0I-00038-00029527-00030288 ethnography is inextricably bound to context it is therefore a contextual form of research
+PeRQhXPad0I-00039-00030464-00031208 as ethnographers we do not simply just list down the events that we observe our task is to analyze
+PeRQhXPad0I-00040-00031208-00031888 observations and derive meaning from them this can only happen if we expand our understanding of the
+PeRQhXPad0I-00041-00031888-00032608 context context here does not only refer to what we see or sense as the immediate physical settings
+PeRQhXPad0I-00042-00032608-00033352 of the phenomena it is also made up of intangible factors such as social hierarchies and dynamics
+PeRQhXPad0I-00043-00033352-00034096 beliefs and behaviors the history of a place or a group forms part of their context and so does
+PeRQhXPad0I-00044-00034096-00034688 their material world such as what technologies do they use what kind of trades are they involved in
+PeRQhXPad0I-00045-00034688-00035320 for a community of potters the context is composed of their environment where and how they live it
+PeRQhXPad0I-00046-00035320-00036000 consists of the craft they practice and how they make a living from it this connects them to other
+PeRQhXPad0I-00047-00036000-00036688 communities to whom they sell their wares and from whom they get their raw material it includes
+PeRQhXPad0I-00048-00036688-00037288 their position in the social structure of their village or town their class and caste position
+PeRQhXPad0I-00049-00037288-00038080 for instance and it includes the social structure of the community itself what the gender relations
+PeRQhXPad0I-00050-00038080-00038872 are what the family structure is like and so on to understand this expanded idea of context
+PeRQhXPad0I-00051-00038872-00039728 a bit more let us bring in another key figure in ethnography clifford gears gears articulated and
+PeRQhXPad0I-00052-00039728-00040608 even redefined much of ethnography and its way of seeing in the 1970s and 1980s keirs insisted
+PeRQhXPad0I-00053-00040608-00041216 that in understanding the context of a community ethnographers must look at the meanings that
+PeRQhXPad0I-00054-00041216-00042016 underlie their everyday practices these meanings he said signify how people experience and perceive
+PeRQhXPad0I-00055-00042016-00042720 their world gears refer to the collection or the intricate web of such meanings as culture
+PeRQhXPad0I-00056-00042848-00043584 culture has been defined in many different ways so the ways in which we dress our food habits
+PeRQhXPad0I-00057-00043584-00044216 our ways of interacting with others all these small ways of behaving constitute the culture
+PeRQhXPad0I-00058-00044216-00045024 that we are a part of but more significantly the ways in which we think feel and form beliefs
+PeRQhXPad0I-00059-00045088-00045832 these factors that define our ways of dressing eating and so on are what gears terms culture take
+PeRQhXPad0I-00060-00045832-00046432 for example our collective history of being colonized that forms a part of our culture
+PeRQhXPad0I-00061-00046512-00047096 in case of a smaller group like an educational institute the collective importance given to
+PeRQhXPad0I-00062-00047096-00047656 punctuality or the comfort or cordiality that students feel in approaching their teachers
+PeRQhXPad0I-00063-00047720-00048440 that is part of culture too it is this culture that translates into the observable perceivable
+PeRQhXPad0I-00064-00048440-00048952 behavior such as the conversations that take place between students and teachers
+PeRQhXPad0I-00065-00049128-00049720 gears suggests that in doing ethnography we need to understand the underlying culture that
+PeRQhXPad0I-00066-00049720-00050280 gives rise to observable behavior this is important he says because
+PeRQhXPad0I-00067-00050336-00051016 human behavior can be seen as a set of actions each action symbolizing some underlying meaning
+PeRQhXPad0I-00068-00051096-00051784 this meaning is based on how we see as a social group collectively understand that action what it
+PeRQhXPad0I-00069-00051784-00052520 symbolizes what associations we build around it we observe behaviors and interactions and
+PeRQhXPad0I-00070-00052520-00053088 interrogate them for what they are for what they reveal the social structure the symbolism
+PeRQhXPad0I-00071-00053088-00053752 the associations connected to them these form the context in which the action is to
+PeRQhXPad0I-00072-00053752-00054424 be understood by understanding these we try to understand the meaning of the observed behaviors
+PeRQhXPad0I-00073-00054512-00055255 the context is made of impundublia that makes up our everyday worlds the underlying beliefs
+PeRQhXPad0I-00074-00055255-00056232 norms and hierarchies that form the social structure and the web of meanings which is culture
+PeRQhXPad0I-00075-00056232-00056944 let us take an example of a behavior and reflect on how we may understand its meaning consider the
+PeRQhXPad0I-00076-00056944-00057655 infamous indian head wobble the action itself can mean multiple things it sometimes means
+PeRQhXPad0I-00077-00057655-00058672 yes sometimes no sometimes maybe sometimes it's just a way of acknowledging another's presence
+PeRQhXPad0I-00078-00058808-00059616 or what they said and ever so often it is just an absent-minded hmm as ethnographers
+PeRQhXPad0I-00079-00059616-00060232 though how do we decipher its meaning what all do we need to understand in order to make sense
+PeRQhXPad0I-00080-00060232-00060879 of a head wobble exchanged between two persons write down all the factors that you can think of
+PeRQhXPad0I-00081-00061079-00061448 in order to understand what a particular head wobble means
+PeRQhXPad0I-00082-00061448-00061879 we need to know the various meanings that the wobble has in that culture
+PeRQhXPad0I-00083-00061984-00062488 we need to also know the immediate context in which that particular wobble took place
+PeRQhXPad0I-00084-00062552-00063088 it's imponderabilia and we might also need to understand something of the persons
+PeRQhXPad0I-00085-00063088-00063920 between whom the wobble was exchanged all of these small and large immediate and invisible factors
+PeRQhXPad0I-00086-00063920-00064632 form the context of the wobble and define its meaning in our everyday lives we experience many
+PeRQhXPad0I-00087-00064632-00065224 such small behaviors and gestures we understand their meaning without a thought because
+PeRQhXPad0I-00088-00065224-00065856 we belong to this culture and speak the same cultural language we are embedded in the context
+PeRQhXPad0I-00089-00065920-00066648 as ethnographers however we must step outside of what we know and explore how these meanings are
+PeRQhXPad0I-00090-00066648-00067296 constructed
+PhhiVTgwCoQ-00000-00000000-00000200 baba harbhajan singh indian army
+PhhiVTgwCoQ-00001-00000200-00000400 baba harbhajan singh mandir
+PhhiVTgwCoQ-00002-00000400-00000600 baba harbhajan singh mandir in sikkim
+PhhiVTgwCoQ-00003-00000600-00000800 baba harbhajan singh nathula border
+PhhiVTgwCoQ-00004-00000800-00001000 baba harbhajan singh video
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00000-00001380-00001590 NARRATOR: After threshold two,
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00001-00001593-00001739 the Universe had lots of stars,
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00002-00001743-00002166 but most of space was still cold, dark, and mostly empty.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00003-00002170-00002363 The Universe consisted almost entirely
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00004-00002366-00002773 of two types of atomic matter, hydrogen and helium.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00005-00002776-00003000 These were both light gases
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00006-00003003-00003450 and one of them was totally inert.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00007-00003453-00003640 Like a painter with just two colors,
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00008-00003643-00003776 one of which won't mix,
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00009-00003779-00004106 it was impossible to make anything very interesting.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00010-00004110-00004270 The Universe needed more colors,
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00011-00004273-00004493 more chemical elements.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00012-00004496-00004903 And that was the work of threshold three.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00013-00004906-00005066 Making new elements
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00014-00005070-00005403 meant fusing more protons and neutrons together.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00015-00005406-00005743 To do that, you needed very high temperatures
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00016-00005746-00006046 which could only be found inside massive stars
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00017-00006050-00006316 that were aging or dying.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00018-00006320-00006516 Only they have the right
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00019-00006520-00006986 Goldilocks conditions for threshold three.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00020-00006990-00007486 Why? Well, large stars have so much mass
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00021-00007490-00007830 that they can create enormous pressures and temperatures.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00022-00007833-00008100 Those temperatures get cranked even higher
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00023-00008103-00008330 when large stars run out of hydrogen.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00024-00008333-00008653 When that happens, fusion stops at the center
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00025-00008656-00008966 and the star collapses like a burst balloon.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00026-00008970-00009263 If the star was big enough, the collapse is huge,
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00027-00009266-00009683 creating such high temperatures that helium nuclei
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00028-00009686-00010103 can fuse into nuclei of carbon.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00029-00010106-00010290 When the star has used up its helium,
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00030-00010293-00010606 it collapses again and the cycle starts over.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00031-00010610-00010736 The star heats up
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00032-00010740-00011013 and starts to fuse carbon to form oxygen.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00033-00011016-00011136 It collapses again,
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00034-00011140-00011333 then does the same to create other elements
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00035-00011336-00011903 like silicon, nitrogen, and eventually iron.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00036-00011906-00012186 If it's a really, really big star,
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00037-00012190-00012400 it will finally die in what's called a supernova.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00038-00012403-00012700 That's an explosion so hot and so energetic that
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00039-00012703-00013096 for a while, it'll shine like an entire galaxy
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00040-00013100-00013469 and will produce enough heat to form all the other elements
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00041-00013473-00013619 of the periodic table.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00042-00013623-00014016 Then the supernova scatters these new elements into space
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00043-00014019-00014723 and voila, we have a Universe with lots of different elements.
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00044-00014726-00014963 Threshold three was crossed for the first time
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00045-00014966-00015213 when the first large star died
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00046-00015216-00015433 and it's still being crossed today
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00047-00015436-00015763 as billions upon billions of large stars die,
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00048-00015766-00015983 scattering the raw materials needed
+PlVcA3-TlhU-00049-00015986-00016330 to build wondrous new forms of complexity.
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00000-00000024-00000488 In the last video we talked about how to calculate sums directly if we know what
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00001-00000488-00000867 the values of each term of the sequence are. We don't always know the values of
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00002-00000867-00001137 each term of the sequence, though. So in this video we're going to learn in two
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00003-00001137-00001632 ways to indirectly calculate sums. First is the linear property. It is the fact
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00004-00001632-00002349 that constant multiples come out of sums and sums can be split over addition and
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00005-00002349-00002982 subtraction. As an example suppose that we know that the value of the sum from 1
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00006-00002982-00003444 to 50 of the a_n's is 208 and we know that the value of the sum from 1 to 50
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00007-00003444-00004008 of the b_n's is 72. Then what is the sum from 1 to 50 of the sequence
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00008-00004015-00004752 (2a_n - 3b_n)? Well, we can exploit the linear property to separate the sum over
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00009-00004752-00005178 the difference and pull out the constant multiples. This becomes 2 times the sum
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00010-00005178-00006162 from 1 to 50 of the a_n's minus 3 times the sum from 1 to 50 of the b_n's. Notice
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00011-00006162-00006989 that the upper and lower bounds of the sums have to match for this to work. Next
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00012-00006989-00007929 we know that the sum from 1 to 50 of the a_n's is 208 and that the sum from 1 to
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00013-00007929-00009215 50 b_n's is 72. 2 times 208 is 416. 3 times 72 is 216. So the sum is equal to 200.
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00014-00009353-00009747 Another useful property of sums is the recursive property. The recursive
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00015-00009747-00010260 property basically says that we can shave off as many terms from the upper
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00016-00010260-00010839 and lower ends of the sums as we like. Here's the idea. The sum from k to m of
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00017-00010839-00011807 the a_n's is, remember, a_k plus a_{k+1} plus dot, dot, dot, plus a_{m-1} plus a_m.
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00018-00011807-00012368 If I want to separate the m-th term I can do that by just regrouping the remaining
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00019-00012368-00013002 terms of the sum, or likewise I can shave off the first term of the sum if I want
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00020-00013002-00013338 to. And I can do that as many times as necessary.
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00021-00013338-00013849 For an example suppose that b_50 is equal to 11, b_51 is equal to
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00022-00013849-00014416 -5, and the sum from 2 to 49 of the b_k's is equal to 103. Suppose that I
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00023-00014416-00015076 want to know the value of the sum from 2 to 51 of the b_k's. Well I can
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00024-00015076-00016047 rewrite this as the sum from 2 to 49 of the b_k's, which is the one that I
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00025-00016047-00016815 know the value of, plus b_50 plus b_51.
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00026-00016895-00017686 Now I substitute in the known values. The sum of the b_k's is 103, b_50 is 11, and
+PnHDZIlNDQQ-00027-00017686-00018483 b_51 is -5; so the sum in the end it turns out to be 109.
+QoigRBchKDU-00000-00001248-00001689 welcome to happiness isn't brain surgery
+QoigRBchKDU-00001-00001425-00001860 with Doc's nights this podcast was
+QoigRBchKDU-00002-00001689-00002111 created to provide you the information
+QoigRBchKDU-00003-00001860-00002307 and tools doc Snipes gives her clients
+QoigRBchKDU-00004-00002111-00002627 so that you two can start living happier
+QoigRBchKDU-00005-00002307-00002834 our website doc Snipes calm has even
+QoigRBchKDU-00006-00002627-00003041 more resources videos and handouts and
+QoigRBchKDU-00007-00002834-00003213 even interactive sessions with Doc
+QoigRBchKDU-00008-00003041-00003677 Snipes to help you apply what you learn
+QoigRBchKDU-00009-00003213-00003677 go to doc Snipes calm to learn more
+QoigRBchKDU-00010-00003876-00004258 I'd like to welcome everybody to
+QoigRBchKDU-00011-00004087-00004453 happiness's and brain surgery with Doc's
+QoigRBchKDU-00012-00004258-00004868 knives practical tools to improve your
+QoigRBchKDU-00013-00004453-00005035 mood and quality of life in this
+QoigRBchKDU-00014-00004868-00005257 presentation we're going to continue
+QoigRBchKDU-00015-00005035-00005669 talking about the causes of depressive
+QoigRBchKDU-00016-00005257-00006115 symptoms and ways to address them in the
+QoigRBchKDU-00017-00005669-00006335 previous two podcasts we started talking
+QoigRBchKDU-00018-00006115-00006695 about depressive symptoms and I really
+QoigRBchKDU-00019-00006335-00006940 want you to look at these symptoms as
+QoigRBchKDU-00020-00006695-00007181 just that symptoms yes when you see
+QoigRBchKDU-00021-00006940-00007492 several of them together they can mean
+QoigRBchKDU-00022-00007181-00007781 depression they also can mean something
+QoigRBchKDU-00023-00007492-00008045 different like hypothyroid or hormone
+QoigRBchKDU-00024-00007781-00008222 imbalances so it's important to look at
+QoigRBchKDU-00025-00008045-00008572 your symptoms figure out what makes them
+QoigRBchKDU-00026-00008222-00008872 worse or better and try to identify what
+QoigRBchKDU-00027-00008572-00009206 will help a particular symptom a lot of
+QoigRBchKDU-00028-00008872-00009431 times if one symptom starts remitting
+QoigRBchKDU-00029-00009206-00009667 starts going away you'll find that a lot
+QoigRBchKDU-00030-00009431-00010039 of the other symptoms have a positive
+QoigRBchKDU-00031-00009667-00010243 response to that as well so picking some
+QoigRBchKDU-00032-00010039-00010414 of the symptoms that you have that are
+QoigRBchKDU-00033-00010243-00010861 most bothersome starting to address
+QoigRBchKDU-00034-00010414-00011203 those may give you a faster progression
+QoigRBchKDU-00035-00010861-00011446 toward happiness than choosing something
+QoigRBchKDU-00036-00011203-00011668 global like depression and going well I
+QoigRBchKDU-00037-00011446-00011810 want my depression to go away well
+QoigRBchKDU-00038-00011668-00011971 everybody's depression is a little
+QoigRBchKDU-00039-00011810-00012203 different and if you start getting
+QoigRBchKDU-00040-00011971-00012382 enough sleep and aren't fatigued and
+QoigRBchKDU-00041-00012203-00012584 foggy headed all the time you're
+QoigRBchKDU-00042-00012382-00012767 probably not going to feel quite as
+QoigRBchKDU-00043-00012584-00013009 depressed so we're going to continue
+QoigRBchKDU-00044-00012767-00013334 with that line of thought right now
+QoigRBchKDU-00045-00013009-00013501 we've done other presentations on sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00046-00013334-00013663 disturbances and this one's probably
+QoigRBchKDU-00047-00013501-00013982 going to be a shorter one but I think
+QoigRBchKDU-00048-00013663-00014240 it's important to recognize how
+QoigRBchKDU-00049-00013982-00014615 important quality sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00050-00014240-00014759 is to everybody not just to you know a
+QoigRBchKDU-00051-00014615-00014995 couple of people are not just two
+QoigRBchKDU-00052-00014759-00015341 children it is really important for
+QoigRBchKDU-00053-00014995-00015688 everyone to get quality sleep and almost
+QoigRBchKDU-00054-00015341-00015947 every single night so what causes sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00055-00015688-00016184 disruption caffeine will stay in your
+QoigRBchKDU-00056-00015947-00016429 system for 12 hours so if you're
+QoigRBchKDU-00057-00016184-00016706 drinking caffeine and you know I drink
+QoigRBchKDU-00058-00016429-00017063 caffeine is it the best for you well the
+QoigRBchKDU-00059-00016706-00017186 jury's out on that but if you do drink
+QoigRBchKDU-00060-00017063-00017378 caffeine and you're
+QoigRBchKDU-00061-00017186-00017645 not willing to give it up be aware that
+QoigRBchKDU-00062-00017378-00018113 it stays in your body for 12 hours I go
+QoigRBchKDU-00063-00017645-00018461 to bed well really early but I try to
+QoigRBchKDU-00064-00018113-00018719 stop drinking caffeine by 10:30 or 11
+QoigRBchKDU-00065-00018461-00018962 o'clock in the morning that way it gets
+QoigRBchKDU-00066-00018719-00019190 out of my system by 10:30 or 11 o'clock
+QoigRBchKDU-00067-00018962-00019430 at night I've already gone to bed by
+QoigRBchKDU-00068-00019190-00019721 then but at least my sleep after that
+QoigRBchKDU-00069-00019430-00020000 point is theoretically less interrupted
+QoigRBchKDU-00070-00019721-00020252 or less bothered by stimulants in my
+QoigRBchKDU-00071-00020000-00020573 system nicotine's
+QoigRBchKDU-00072-00020252-00020737 lasts for you know one or two hours in
+QoigRBchKDU-00073-00020573-00021095 your system so if you are someone who
+QoigRBchKDU-00074-00020737-00021284 uses nicotine products you don't want to
+QoigRBchKDU-00075-00021095-00021673 use those within one to two hours of
+QoigRBchKDU-00076-00021284-00021881 bedtime decongestant and you know when
+QoigRBchKDU-00077-00021673-00022160 you have a cold it's kind of a toss-up
+QoigRBchKDU-00078-00021881-00022547 do you want to sleep and be able to
+QoigRBchKDU-00079-00022160-00022757 breathe or do you want to avoid the
+QoigRBchKDU-00080-00022547-00022940 decongestant and then not be able to
+QoigRBchKDU-00081-00022757-00023075 breathe and not sleep either way your
+QoigRBchKDU-00082-00022940-00023336 sleeps probably going to get disrupted
+QoigRBchKDU-00083-00023075-00023579 but do be aware when you're taking
+QoigRBchKDU-00084-00023336-00023867 decongestants they can last in your in
+QoigRBchKDU-00085-00023579-00024158 your system for three to six hours so if
+QoigRBchKDU-00086-00023867-00024350 you're taking them you may not be
+QoigRBchKDU-00087-00024158-00024638 getting the best sleep which is another
+QoigRBchKDU-00088-00024350-00024866 reason why when we're sick we typically
+QoigRBchKDU-00089-00024638-00025040 feel kind of worn down and fatigued and
+QoigRBchKDU-00090-00024866-00025262 weary all the time because for one
+QoigRBchKDU-00091-00025040-00025631 reason or another our sleep is getting
+QoigRBchKDU-00092-00025262-00025931 disrupted alcohol is another thing that
+QoigRBchKDU-00093-00025631-00026222 disrupts your sleep plus or minus one
+QoigRBchKDU-00094-00025931-00026491 hour per drink it takes your body about
+QoigRBchKDU-00095-00026222-00026810 an hour to metabolize and ounce of
+QoigRBchKDU-00096-00026491-00027107 alcohol so you know if you drink six
+QoigRBchKDU-00097-00026810-00027356 shots right before bed that's going to
+QoigRBchKDU-00098-00027107-00027575 take at least six hours to get out of
+QoigRBchKDU-00099-00027356-00027766 your system plus a whole other host of
+QoigRBchKDU-00100-00027575-00028043 problems that drinking that much alcohol
+QoigRBchKDU-00101-00027766-00028394 close to bedtime can cause including
+QoigRBchKDU-00102-00028043-00028682 sleep apnea so pay attention to what
+QoigRBchKDU-00103-00028394-00028856 you're drinking and eating within a few
+QoigRBchKDU-00104-00028682-00029030 hours of bed and your caffeine
+QoigRBchKDU-00105-00028856-00029308 unfortunately that's one of those long
+QoigRBchKDU-00106-00029030-00029608 run things try to at least cut down your
+QoigRBchKDU-00107-00029308-00029764 caffeine after about 10:00 or 11:00 in
+QoigRBchKDU-00108-00029608-00029977 the morning
+QoigRBchKDU-00109-00029764-00030212 antihistamines and sleep aids can help
+QoigRBchKDU-00110-00029977-00030520 you get to sleep faster but they don't
+QoigRBchKDU-00111-00030212-00030766 necessarily help you get quality sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00112-00030520-00030991 you can judge for yourself when you take
+QoigRBchKDU-00113-00030766-00031112 if you take sleep aids when you take
+QoigRBchKDU-00114-00030991-00031337 them when you wake up
+QoigRBchKDU-00115-00031112-00031684 maybe you slept 10 hours well that's
+QoigRBchKDU-00116-00031337-00031863 wonderful but do you feel rested revived
+QoigRBchKDU-00117-00031684-00032327 and ready to go
+QoigRBchKDU-00118-00031863-00032608 stress disrupt sleep so you know get rid
+QoigRBchKDU-00119-00032327-00032800 of stress you'll sleep like a baby and
+QoigRBchKDU-00120-00032608-00032947 if we could do that we would all asleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00121-00032800-00033221 like a baby but it doesn't work that way
+QoigRBchKDU-00122-00032947-00033466 I want you to understand the importance
+QoigRBchKDU-00123-00033221-00033697 of stress management at least on your
+QoigRBchKDU-00124-00033466-00034049 sleep though because stress increase
+QoigRBchKDU-00125-00033697-00034228 increases cortisol cortisol is your
+QoigRBchKDU-00126-00034049-00034678 stress hormone it's your fight or flight
+QoigRBchKDU-00127-00034228-00034937 hormone which reduces serotonin why well
+QoigRBchKDU-00128-00034678-00035141 serotonin is your calming hormone so you
+QoigRBchKDU-00129-00034937-00035330 can't be calm and ready to fight or flee
+QoigRBchKDU-00130-00035141-00035612 at the same time so serotonin goes down
+QoigRBchKDU-00131-00035330-00035936 norepinephrine goes up you get ready for
+QoigRBchKDU-00132-00035612-00036272 that fight or flee when serotonin goes
+QoigRBchKDU-00133-00035936-00036452 down we know that melatonin which is the
+QoigRBchKDU-00134-00036272-00036740 hormone responsible for helping you get
+QoigRBchKDU-00135-00036452-00036956 sleep also goes down so if your cortisol
+QoigRBchKDU-00136-00036740-00037208 is up your shara tonin's down you're not
+QoigRBchKDU-00137-00036956-00037562 going to sleep really well think about
+QoigRBchKDU-00138-00037208-00037787 like a soldier in a foxhole or a new
+QoigRBchKDU-00139-00037562-00038015 parent I know when I was a new parent
+QoigRBchKDU-00140-00037787-00038225 for both of my children even you know
+QoigRBchKDU-00141-00038015-00038588 the second one it didn't get any better
+QoigRBchKDU-00142-00038225-00038753 when she would sleep every time she
+QoigRBchKDU-00143-00038588-00038969 would turn over in her bed I would wake
+QoigRBchKDU-00144-00038753-00039362 up and I would check on her in her in
+QoigRBchKDU-00145-00038969-00039611 her cradle next to me I was not sleeping
+QoigRBchKDU-00146-00039362-00039836 as well was I stressed yeah I was a
+QoigRBchKDU-00147-00039611-00040000 little bit stressed but I think that
+QoigRBchKDU-00148-00039836-00040390 part of that just goes along with being
+QoigRBchKDU-00149-00040000-00040753 a new mommy however I was not getting
+QoigRBchKDU-00150-00040390-00041065 good sleep during that period of time
+QoigRBchKDU-00151-00040753-00041381 stress management means trying to
+QoigRBchKDU-00152-00041065-00041624 eliminate as many unnecessary stressors
+QoigRBchKDU-00153-00041381-00041938 as possible there is going to be stress
+QoigRBchKDU-00154-00041624-00042182 in life that's just part of adulting
+QoigRBchKDU-00155-00041938-00042371 understanding that so once you have all
+QoigRBchKDU-00156-00042182-00042575 the unnecessary stuff eliminated then
+QoigRBchKDU-00157-00042371-00042850 you've got the unavoidable stressors
+QoigRBchKDU-00158-00042575-00043133 okay how do you deal with those well
+QoigRBchKDU-00159-00042850-00043327 guided imagery can help basically you're
+QoigRBchKDU-00160-00043133-00043528 saying I have these unavoidable
+QoigRBchKDU-00161-00043327-00043672 stressors but there's nothing I can do
+QoigRBchKDU-00162-00043528-00043916 about them and if I don't get a good
+QoigRBchKDU-00163-00043672-00044183 night's sleep I'm going to be even
+QoigRBchKDU-00164-00043916-00044465 is able to deal with them tomorrow so
+QoigRBchKDU-00165-00044183-00044828 using guided imagery going to an
+QoigRBchKDU-00166-00044465-00045209 imaginary island or vacation place or
+QoigRBchKDU-00167-00044828-00045500 whatever it is can help for me guided
+QoigRBchKDU-00168-00045209-00045704 imagery is a little bit different I find
+QoigRBchKDU-00169-00045500-00046082 that I sleep like a baby if I lay down
+QoigRBchKDU-00170-00045704-00046373 and I imagine how to plan out my garden
+QoigRBchKDU-00171-00046082-00046637 how I'm going to plant the plant in my
+QoigRBchKDU-00172-00046373-00046799 garden the next season and kind of
+QoigRBchKDU-00173-00046637-00047011 seeing what that's going to look like
+QoigRBchKDU-00174-00046799-00047303 and getting involved in that
+QoigRBchKDU-00175-00047011-00047465 mentally I'm occupied in that activity
+QoigRBchKDU-00176-00047303-00047711 so I'm not thinking about these other
+QoigRBchKDU-00177-00047465-00047915 stressors so whatever works for you
+QoigRBchKDU-00178-00047711-00048227 you're going to need to find you know
+QoigRBchKDU-00179-00047915-00048419 your little trick meditation works
+QoigRBchKDU-00180-00048227-00048647 really well for some people not so well
+QoigRBchKDU-00181-00048419-00048836 for others it's something worth trying
+QoigRBchKDU-00182-00048647-00049067 and remember meditation is different
+QoigRBchKDU-00183-00048836-00049295 than mindfulness meditation is really
+QoigRBchKDU-00184-00049067-00049780 focusing on your breathing and engaging
+QoigRBchKDU-00185-00049295-00050036 in very thoughtful activities
+QoigRBchKDU-00186-00049780-00050360 progressive muscular relaxation and the
+QoigRBchKDU-00187-00050036-00050642 great thing about PMR is you can find a
+QoigRBchKDU-00188-00050360-00050783 lot of YouTube videos that will walk you
+QoigRBchKDU-00189-00050642-00051059 through a progressive muscular
+QoigRBchKDU-00190-00050783-00051245 relaxation script so you don't have to
+QoigRBchKDU-00191-00051059-00051529 do it on your own you can put it on your
+QoigRBchKDU-00192-00051245-00051838 mobile device you can set that video to
+QoigRBchKDU-00193-00051529-00052129 play so it plays it walks you through
+QoigRBchKDU-00194-00051838-00052330 progressively relaxing each and every
+QoigRBchKDU-00195-00052129-00052652 muscle in your body and generally it
+QoigRBchKDU-00196-00052330-00052835 goes from top to bottom but there is a
+QoigRBchKDU-00197-00052652-00053000 method to the madness and you start
+QoigRBchKDU-00198-00052835-00053305 noticing the difference between tense
+QoigRBchKDU-00199-00053000-00053486 muscles and relaxed muscles and again
+QoigRBchKDU-00200-00053305-00053648 you're focusing on your breath and your
+QoigRBchKDU-00201-00053486-00053912 muscles if you're focusing on that
+QoigRBchKDU-00202-00053648-00054146 you're not focusing on the project that
+QoigRBchKDU-00203-00053912-00054458 you got to do at work tomorrow so to
+QoigRBchKDU-00204-00054146-00054659 deal with stress in summary in short get
+QoigRBchKDU-00205-00054458-00054928 rid of the unnecessary stressors as best
+QoigRBchKDU-00206-00054659-00055342 as you can delegate eliminate prioritize
+QoigRBchKDU-00207-00054928-00055574 then with whatever's left over know that
+QoigRBchKDU-00208-00055342-00055787 it has to be there know that something
+QoigRBchKDU-00209-00055574-00055922 has to be done with it but also know
+QoigRBchKDU-00210-00055787-00056155 that if you don't get a good night's
+QoigRBchKDU-00211-00055922-00056285 sleep you're going to be worn down and
+QoigRBchKDU-00212-00056155-00056339 you're going to be less able to deal
+QoigRBchKDU-00213-00056285-00056623 with it
+QoigRBchKDU-00214-00056339-00056873 so find ways to help you get sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00215-00056623-00057194 another thing that impairs sleep is
+QoigRBchKDU-00216-00056873-00057248 sleeping too much or taking long naps
+QoigRBchKDU-00217-00057194-00057532 during
+QoigRBchKDU-00218-00057248-00057727 day when you sleep too much your
+QoigRBchKDU-00219-00057532-00057883 circadian rhythms get out of whack the
+QoigRBchKDU-00220-00057727-00058207 same thing with taking naps during the
+QoigRBchKDU-00221-00057883-00058388 day your body has this rhythm where your
+QoigRBchKDU-00222-00058207-00058627 cortisol goes up and down throughout the
+QoigRBchKDU-00223-00058388-00058925 day at a certain point it knows it's
+QoigRBchKDU-00224-00058627-00059158 time to release some melatonin so you
+QoigRBchKDU-00225-00058925-00059369 can start to get sleeping if you're
+QoigRBchKDU-00226-00059158-00059573 sleeping too much it's not sure when
+QoigRBchKDU-00227-00059369-00059830 it's supposed to release what your
+QoigRBchKDU-00228-00059573-00060001 hunger hormones also get all out of
+QoigRBchKDU-00229-00059830-00060122 whack so you're probably not sure if
+QoigRBchKDU-00230-00060001-00060575 you're supposed to be eating or sleeping
+QoigRBchKDU-00231-00060122-00060824 or whatever so set a sleep schedule know
+QoigRBchKDU-00232-00060575-00061027 and if you're like me I need my sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00233-00060824-00061286 and I love my sleep I usually try to
+QoigRBchKDU-00234-00061027-00061585 schedule in 9 hours for sleep even to
+QoigRBchKDU-00235-00061286-00061919 this very day so set a sleep schedule
+QoigRBchKDU-00236-00061585-00062077 try to keep pretty close to it now does
+QoigRBchKDU-00237-00061919-00062261 that mean you can't ever go out with
+QoigRBchKDU-00238-00062077-00062520 your friends until midnight or 2:00 in
+QoigRBchKDU-00239-00062261-00062729 the morning or whatever works for you no
+QoigRBchKDU-00240-00062520-00062926 you don't do that every once in a while
+QoigRBchKDU-00241-00062729-00063254 because that's part of living life and
+QoigRBchKDU-00242-00062926-00063512 having fun in general try to go to sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00243-00063254-00063814 even on the weekends about the same time
+QoigRBchKDU-00244-00063512-00064114 every night and wake up about the same
+QoigRBchKDU-00245-00063814-00064241 time give or take an hour or two you
+QoigRBchKDU-00246-00064114-00064417 know sometimes on the weekend you may
+QoigRBchKDU-00247-00064241-00064819 sleep in an extra hour and that's okay
+QoigRBchKDU-00248-00064417-00065166 your body needs it great create a sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00249-00064819-00065166 routine within
+QoigRBchKDU-00250-00065385-00065916 within an hour and a half of going to
+QoigRBchKDU-00251-00065580-00066225 bed each night you should do roughly the
+QoigRBchKDU-00252-00065916-00066363 same three or four things when you have
+QoigRBchKDU-00253-00066225-00066675 children at home or when you were a
+QoigRBchKDU-00254-00066363-00066945 child your parents probably got you from
+QoigRBchKDU-00255-00066675-00067185 preschool or wherever it was brought you
+QoigRBchKDU-00256-00066945-00067395 home you had playtime you ate dinner you
+QoigRBchKDU-00257-00067185-00067665 took a bath you read a story and they
+QoigRBchKDU-00258-00067395-00067941 touched you tuck you into bed that's
+QoigRBchKDU-00259-00067665-00068262 generally the path that goes when
+QoigRBchKDU-00260-00067941-00068469 children have a set sleep schedule you
+QoigRBchKDU-00261-00068262-00068913 may do things slightly differently but
+QoigRBchKDU-00262-00068469-00069156 that's the body begins to expect that so
+QoigRBchKDU-00263-00068913-00069375 when the child starts taking their bath
+QoigRBchKDU-00264-00069156-00069618 their body goes okay we're getting ready
+QoigRBchKDU-00265-00069375-00069915 to go into sleep routine into sleep mode
+QoigRBchKDU-00266-00069618-00070125 so the brain starts secreting melatonin
+QoigRBchKDU-00267-00069915-00070377 and everything it needs to so the child
+QoigRBchKDU-00268-00070125-00070553 can go to sleep you'll notice that
+QoigRBchKDU-00269-00070377-00070932 children who have a steady sleep routine
+QoigRBchKDU-00270-00070553-00071118 tend to go to sleep easier because their
+QoigRBchKDU-00271-00070932-00071504 body's ready for it if you have a child
+QoigRBchKDU-00272-00071118-00071733 who doesn't have a set sleep routine it
+QoigRBchKDU-00273-00071504-00072039 usually is harder to get them to go to
+QoigRBchKDU-00274-00071733-00072362 bed because they sort of quote set their
+QoigRBchKDU-00275-00072039-00072633 own bedtime whenever they're sleeping a
+QoigRBchKDU-00276-00072362-00072780 sleep routine will kind of guarantee
+QoigRBchKDU-00277-00072633-00073053 that you're going to get sleepy about
+QoigRBchKDU-00278-00072780-00073308 the same time every night you want to
+QoigRBchKDU-00279-00073053-00073536 try to avoid naps longer than 45 minutes
+QoigRBchKDU-00280-00073308-00073749 during the day if you have problems
+QoigRBchKDU-00281-00073536-00073965 getting quality sleep because once you
+QoigRBchKDU-00282-00073749-00074319 pass that 45-minute threshold they've
+QoigRBchKDU-00283-00073965-00074550 found that you start going into deep
+QoigRBchKDU-00284-00074319-00074718 sleep and once you start going into deep
+QoigRBchKDU-00285-00074550-00074946 sleep that's when your circadian rhythms
+QoigRBchKDU-00286-00074718-00075243 start getting thrown off now does an
+QoigRBchKDU-00287-00074946-00075447 afternoon nap help yeah they've actually
+QoigRBchKDU-00288-00075243-00075729 found research that says a short
+QoigRBchKDU-00289-00075447-00075930 afternoon nap you know 20 to 30 minutes
+QoigRBchKDU-00290-00075729-00076170 actually increases norepinephrine levels
+QoigRBchKDU-00291-00075930-00076440 which helps you increase your focus and
+QoigRBchKDU-00292-00076170-00076689 your energy for the rest of the day so a
+QoigRBchKDU-00293-00076440-00076983 short nap in the afternoon is great if
+QoigRBchKDU-00294-00076689-00077271 you can get it but don't take one where
+QoigRBchKDU-00295-00076983-00077448 you are zonked out lead out and you kind
+QoigRBchKDU-00296-00077271-00077844 of can't get your get your bearings as
+QoigRBchKDU-00297-00077448-00078229 soon as you wake up seasonal affective
+QoigRBchKDU-00298-00077844-00078513 disorder also will disrupt your sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00299-00078229-00078741 and this isn't necessarily just because
+QoigRBchKDU-00300-00078513-00079125 of a season I know here in Tennessee
+QoigRBchKDU-00301-00078741-00079311 this year it has rained so much it seems
+QoigRBchKDU-00302-00079125-00079560 like it is always overcast and it's
+QoigRBchKDU-00303-00079311-00079816 always dreary outside or at least it is
+QoigRBchKDU-00304-00079560-00080016 for days on end which can get start
+QoigRBchKDU-00305-00079816-00080547 making people feel a little bit cranking
+QoigRBchKDU-00306-00080016-00080838 they speculate that partly because your
+QoigRBchKDU-00307-00080547-00080955 brain isn't getting these signals for
+QoigRBchKDU-00308-00080838-00081135 when it's supposed to be awake and when
+QoigRBchKDU-00309-00080955-00081429 it's supposed to be asleep but they're
+QoigRBchKDU-00310-00081135-00081606 also speculating that vitamin D has
+QoigRBchKDU-00311-00081429-00081888 something to do with it and we know that
+QoigRBchKDU-00312-00081606-00082044 vitamin D is our sunlight hormone so
+QoigRBchKDU-00313-00081888-00082182 anyway what can you do about it you
+QoigRBchKDU-00314-00082044-00082452 can't change the weather you can't
+QoigRBchKDU-00315-00082182-00082677 change the season daylight replacement
+QoigRBchKDU-00316-00082452-00082929 lights are helpful now that is not the
+QoigRBchKDU-00317-00082677-00083268 same as light therapy light therapy are
+QoigRBchKDU-00318-00082929-00083493 really bright lights better directed at
+QoigRBchKDU-00319-00083268-00083785 you and there you have to get very
+QoigRBchKDU-00320-00083493-00084144 specific for those but it does help if
+QoigRBchKDU-00321-00083785-00084303 you are in indoors try to get an office
+QoigRBchKDU-00322-00084144-00084618 with a window try to go outside
+QoigRBchKDU-00323-00084303-00084816 periodically try to keep the bulbs in
+QoigRBchKDU-00324-00084618-00085035 your office the day light spectrum
+QoigRBchKDU-00325-00084816-00085266 lights and keep it bright so your brain
+QoigRBchKDU-00326-00085035-00085666 knows okay we're awake it's time to do
+QoigRBchKDU-00327-00085266-00085944 whatever we do if you have allergies
+QoigRBchKDU-00328-00085666-00086250 that will also disrupt sleep so air
+QoigRBchKDU-00329-00085944-00086427 purifiers running in your room I keep an
+QoigRBchKDU-00330-00086250-00086613 air purifier running in my room I shut
+QoigRBchKDU-00331-00086427-00086919 the bedroom door when I leave during the
+QoigRBchKDU-00332-00086613-00087129 day so when I go in theoretically all
+QoigRBchKDU-00333-00086919-00087441 the air in there has recirculated
+QoigRBchKDU-00334-00087129-00087705 several times while I've been gone
+QoigRBchKDU-00335-00087441-00087939 changing your sheets I am bad about
+QoigRBchKDU-00336-00087705-00088077 letting the dog sleep on the bed so I
+QoigRBchKDU-00337-00087939-00088287 have to change my sheets over a couple
+QoigRBchKDU-00338-00088077-00088428 of days because they shed their little
+QoigRBchKDU-00339-00088287-00088695 shed and monsters and I'm allergic to
+QoigRBchKDU-00340-00088428-00088950 dog dander go figure
+QoigRBchKDU-00341-00088695-00089154 now ideally if you're allergic to
+QoigRBchKDU-00342-00088950-00089463 animals you wouldn't let them in the bed
+QoigRBchKDU-00343-00089154-00089829 but you know do what I say not as I do I
+QoigRBchKDU-00344-00089463-00090018 guess so allergies are another thing to
+QoigRBchKDU-00345-00089829-00090276 consider and this is true of pollen and
+QoigRBchKDU-00346-00090018-00090663 any other kind of allergies anything you
+QoigRBchKDU-00347-00090276-00091113 can do to make your sleeping area
+QoigRBchKDU-00348-00090663-00091389 hypoallergenic is going to help pain and
+QoigRBchKDU-00349-00091113-00091622 hot spots will also keep you up your
+QoigRBchKDU-00350-00091389-00091907 body perceives pain as a stressor
+QoigRBchKDU-00351-00091622-00092075 or as a threat if it feels it feels pain
+QoigRBchKDU-00352-00091907-00092327 it's saying something's wrong here and
+QoigRBchKDU-00353-00092075-00092540 you are vulnerable so you're going to
+QoigRBchKDU-00354-00092327-00092720 secrete some cortisol which is going to
+QoigRBchKDU-00355-00092540-00093029 keep you from sleeping as well it's also
+QoigRBchKDU-00356-00092720-00093323 probably going to wake you up I have
+QoigRBchKDU-00357-00093029-00093605 chronic shoulder pain and my shoulder
+QoigRBchKDU-00358-00093323-00093764 wakes me up a lot so I know that you
+QoigRBchKDU-00359-00093605-00094043 know on the days that my shoulder is
+QoigRBchKDU-00360-00093764-00094226 bothering me more I'm probably not going
+QoigRBchKDU-00361-00094043-00094496 to sleep as well at night so I need to
+QoigRBchKDU-00362-00094226-00094823 take some action to try to minimize that
+QoigRBchKDU-00363-00094496-00095153 in general you want to invest in a good
+QoigRBchKDU-00364-00094823-00095321 pillow and a cooling mattress topper the
+QoigRBchKDU-00365-00095153-00095579 old mattress toppers that were the
+QoigRBchKDU-00366-00095321-00095803 memory foam well they were really soft
+QoigRBchKDU-00367-00095579-00096137 and squishy and you may have liked them
+QoigRBchKDU-00368-00095803-00096338 they conform to your body through heat
+QoigRBchKDU-00369-00096137-00096512 as the mattress topper heated up it
+QoigRBchKDU-00370-00096338-00096692 would conform to your body but then it
+QoigRBchKDU-00371-00096512-00096875 would hold the heat so a lot of people
+QoigRBchKDU-00372-00096692-00097094 found that they were getting sweaty and
+QoigRBchKDU-00373-00096875-00097340 they were getting uncomfortable on those
+QoigRBchKDU-00374-00097094-00097631 mattress toppers the newer generation
+QoigRBchKDU-00375-00097340-00097874 doesn't hold the heat the same way so it
+QoigRBchKDU-00376-00097631-00098090 might be worth investing in one of the
+QoigRBchKDU-00377-00097874-00098393 newer mattress toppers that has the
+QoigRBchKDU-00378-00098090-00098585 cooling technology in it same thing for
+QoigRBchKDU-00379-00098393-00098966 the pillows they have the memory foam
+QoigRBchKDU-00380-00098585-00099200 pillows that will stay cool and help you
+QoigRBchKDU-00381-00098966-00099464 stay cooler or at least regulate your
+QoigRBchKDU-00382-00099200-00099662 temperature a little bit better those
+QoigRBchKDU-00383-00099464-00099881 are all really important keeping your
+QoigRBchKDU-00384-00099662-00100048 spine so it's not cranked up and you're
+QoigRBchKDU-00385-00099881-00100292 not waking up with a kink in your neck
+QoigRBchKDU-00386-00100048-00100459 will help you not only get better sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00387-00100292-00100907 but probably be in a better mood and
+QoigRBchKDU-00388-00100459-00101171 more pain-free throughout the day if
+QoigRBchKDU-00389-00100907-00101426 there's noise in your sleeping area
+QoigRBchKDU-00390-00101171-00101609 whether it's a noisy neighbor or you
+QoigRBchKDU-00391-00101426-00101894 live in the city or you have a spouse
+QoigRBchKDU-00392-00101609-00102128 that snores earplugs or wireless
+QoigRBchKDU-00393-00101894-00102344 headphones can be helpful if you put on
+QoigRBchKDU-00394-00102128-00102517 wireless headphones you're going to be
+QoigRBchKDU-00395-00102344-00102818 want to be listening to something like
+QoigRBchKDU-00396-00102517-00103009 the sounds of the ocean or not something
+QoigRBchKDU-00397-00102818-00103457 that's going to keep you up white noise
+QoigRBchKDU-00398-00103009-00103625 is obviously best light your body
+QoigRBchKDU-00399-00103457-00103841 perceives light even with your eyes shut
+QoigRBchKDU-00400-00103625-00104008 you can tell whether there's light in
+QoigRBchKDU-00401-00103841-00104308 the room or not light in the room and
+QoigRBchKDU-00402-00104008-00104480 your brain can tell that too so you want
+QoigRBchKDU-00403-00104308-00104690 to make sure that you get as much light
+QoigRBchKDU-00404-00104480-00104933 out of your sleeping area as possible
+QoigRBchKDU-00405-00104690-00105016 you can do this with an eye mask if you
+QoigRBchKDU-00406-00104933-00105277 can't get it
+QoigRBchKDU-00407-00105016-00105608 we darken in your room darkening blinds
+QoigRBchKDU-00408-00105277-00105964 if you have to sleep during the day it's
+QoigRBchKDU-00409-00105608-00106261 also very helpful to use blue blockers
+QoigRBchKDU-00410-00105964-00106534 on your television computer and mobile
+QoigRBchKDU-00411-00106261-00106615 devices an hour to an hour and a half
+QoigRBchKDU-00412-00106534-00106844 before bed
+QoigRBchKDU-00413-00106615-00107041 it puts like a red hue over everything
+QoigRBchKDU-00414-00106844-00107420 which can be a little annoying if you're
+QoigRBchKDU-00415-00107041-00107803 into colors and everything but it helps
+QoigRBchKDU-00416-00107420-00107972 your body get more into that sleep state
+QoigRBchKDU-00417-00107803-00108373 because it's blocking the blue light
+QoigRBchKDU-00418-00107972-00108514 that tells your brain it's daytime if
+QoigRBchKDU-00419-00108373-00108655 you're one of those that gets up and
+QoigRBchKDU-00420-00108514-00108904 goes to the bathroom during the night
+QoigRBchKDU-00421-00108655-00109192 that will also disrupt your sleep even
+QoigRBchKDU-00422-00108904-00109474 if you only get up once use a red light
+QoigRBchKDU-00423-00109192-00109619 nightlight if you need to have some sort
+QoigRBchKDU-00424-00109474-00109936 of illumination to get to the bathroom
+QoigRBchKDU-00425-00109619-00110188 which most of us do it is a lot better
+QoigRBchKDU-00426-00109936-00110491 at not destroying your night vision and
+QoigRBchKDU-00427-00110188-00110836 not waking you up get most of your
+QoigRBchKDU-00428-00110491-00111071 hydration before 6:00 p.m. we're
+QoigRBchKDU-00429-00110836-00111235 probably a lot of people probably have a
+QoigRBchKDU-00430-00111071-00111388 glass of water by the bed you know
+QoigRBchKDU-00431-00111235-00111712 sipping on it is one thing
+QoigRBchKDU-00432-00111388-00111908 chugging 64 ounces an hour before bed
+QoigRBchKDU-00433-00111712-00112162 pretty much guarantees you're going to
+QoigRBchKDU-00434-00111908-00112327 have to get up and go to the bathroom so
+QoigRBchKDU-00435-00112162-00112588 try to space out your hydration during
+QoigRBchKDU-00436-00112327-00112733 the day so you stay hydrated but you're
+QoigRBchKDU-00437-00112588-00113188 not having to get up and go to the
+QoigRBchKDU-00438-00112733-00113383 bathroom multiple times nutrition it
+QoigRBchKDU-00439-00113188-00113640 nutrition is important you want to have
+QoigRBchKDU-00440-00113383-00113899 quality proteins that include tryptophan
+QoigRBchKDU-00441-00113640-00114136 tryptophan is the protein that your body
+QoigRBchKDU-00442-00113899-00114473 uses to make serotonin which is used to
+QoigRBchKDU-00443-00114136-00114712 make melatonin so you need this you can
+QoigRBchKDU-00444-00114473-00114995 get tryptophan from vegetarian proteins
+QoigRBchKDU-00445-00114712-00115169 as well as animal proteins but it's
+QoigRBchKDU-00446-00114995-00115670 important to make sure you're getting it
+QoigRBchKDU-00447-00115169-00115924 although it is dangerous to supplement
+QoigRBchKDU-00448-00115670-00116134 with supplemental like pill form
+QoigRBchKDU-00449-00115924-00116629 tryptophan because that's coming in a
+QoigRBchKDU-00450-00116134-00116859 much stronger dose and unopposed which
+QoigRBchKDU-00451-00116629-00117095 is not how it occurs in nature so I
+QoigRBchKDU-00452-00116859-00117407 caution people against using supplements
+QoigRBchKDU-00453-00117095-00117628 most of the time it's better to get your
+QoigRBchKDU-00454-00117407-00117985 amino acids and your nutrition that you
+QoigRBchKDU-00455-00117628-00118150 need through actual real foods and make
+QoigRBchKDU-00456-00117985-00118327 sure to get sufficient hydration I know
+QoigRBchKDU-00457-00118150-00118408 I just said don't over hydrates you're
+QoigRBchKDU-00458-00118327-00118669 peeing all
+QoigRBchKDU-00459-00118408-00118876 but if you're dehydrated you're also
+QoigRBchKDU-00460-00118669-00119206 going to wake up with a dry mouth and
+QoigRBchKDU-00461-00118876-00119542 dry scratchy throat possibly you may
+QoigRBchKDU-00462-00119206-00119989 wake up and feel thirsty so it's all
+QoigRBchKDU-00463-00119542-00120159 about moderation and some timing if you
+QoigRBchKDU-00464-00119989-00120403 don't have sufficient serotonin or
+QoigRBchKDU-00465-00120159-00120673 melatonin you're probably not going to
+QoigRBchKDU-00466-00120403-00120916 get enough sleep stress reduces
+QoigRBchKDU-00467-00120673-00121083 serotonin which reduces melatonin so we
+QoigRBchKDU-00468-00120916-00121345 want to get rid of as much stress as
+QoigRBchKDU-00469-00121083-00121683 possible we already covered that we also
+QoigRBchKDU-00470-00121345-00122008 produce less melatonin as we age so if
+QoigRBchKDU-00471-00121683-00122257 you are older and you think that your
+QoigRBchKDU-00472-00122008-00122545 sleep quality has gone down talk with
+QoigRBchKDU-00473-00122257-00122953 your physician they may or may not think
+QoigRBchKDU-00474-00122545-00123121 that you need additional melatonin some
+QoigRBchKDU-00475-00122953-00123360 people especially those with depression
+QoigRBchKDU-00476-00123121-00123850 and anxiety symptoms may not have enough
+QoigRBchKDU-00477-00123360-00124144 serotonin in their system now serotonin
+QoigRBchKDU-00478-00123850-00124453 is generally associated with as an
+QoigRBchKDU-00479-00124144-00124657 anti-anxiety sort of neurotransmitter
+QoigRBchKDU-00480-00124453-00124884 but if you have symptoms of depression
+QoigRBchKDU-00481-00124657-00124998 or anxiety and you're not getting enough
+QoigRBchKDU-00482-00124884-00125254 sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00483-00124998-00125661 you may want to talk to your doctor they
+QoigRBchKDU-00484-00125254-00125961 may try putting you on a SSRI or a
+QoigRBchKDU-00485-00125661-00126166 similar antidepressant medication to see
+QoigRBchKDU-00486-00125961-00126384 if that helps you get more sleep and
+QoigRBchKDU-00487-00126166-00126679 relieves your symptoms of depression I
+QoigRBchKDU-00488-00126384-00126925 will note that antidepressants do not
+QoigRBchKDU-00489-00126679-00127177 work for everybody they don't work even
+QoigRBchKDU-00490-00126925-00127495 for 50% of the people but they do work
+QoigRBchKDU-00491-00127177-00127621 for a percentage so it's worth noting
+QoigRBchKDU-00492-00127495-00128047 your symptoms and talking with your
+QoigRBchKDU-00493-00127621-00128305 doctor sleep apnea disrupts your sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00494-00128047-00128617 and you may not even realize it
+QoigRBchKDU-00495-00128305-00128784 so if you are one who tends to snore
+QoigRBchKDU-00496-00128617-00129094 yourself awake and I think we've all
+QoigRBchKDU-00497-00128784-00129304 done it occasionally if you're one who
+QoigRBchKDU-00498-00129094-00129520 snores yourself awake a lot or if your
+QoigRBchKDU-00499-00129304-00129673 spouse says that you snore so loud
+QoigRBchKDU-00500-00129520-00129984 you're peeling the paint off the walls
+QoigRBchKDU-00501-00129673-00130153 worth talking to your doctor because
+QoigRBchKDU-00502-00129984-00130441 sleep apnea will prevent you from
+QoigRBchKDU-00503-00130153-00130710 getting quality sleep other things you
+QoigRBchKDU-00504-00130441-00130915 can do to minimize the effects of sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00505-00130710-00131122 apnea don't drink alcohol before bed
+QoigRBchKDU-00506-00130915-00131515 talk with your doctor about a CPAP
+QoigRBchKDU-00507-00131122-00131782 machine and potentially look at certain
+QoigRBchKDU-00508-00131515-00131850 supplements with your doctor to see if
+QoigRBchKDU-00509-00131782-00132102 they might be
+QoigRBchKDU-00510-00131850-00132621 useful in helping reduce some of the
+QoigRBchKDU-00511-00132102-00132882 apnoea symptoms lack of quality sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00512-00132621-00133083 impacts your energy which impacts your
+QoigRBchKDU-00513-00132882-00133227 desire to nap and alter your sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00514-00133083-00133444 schedule if you don't get enough sleep
+QoigRBchKDU-00515-00133227-00133674 you're going to feel kind of good which
+QoigRBchKDU-00516-00133444-00133969 may make you want to take naps maybe
+QoigRBchKDU-00517-00133674-00134142 lots of naps if you're doing that then
+QoigRBchKDU-00518-00133969-00134274 you may alter your circadian rhythms and
+QoigRBchKDU-00519-00134142-00134460 then your body doesn't know when it's
+QoigRBchKDU-00520-00134274-00134782 supposed to sleep which will make it
+QoigRBchKDU-00521-00134460-00134934 harder to get quality sleep when you
+QoigRBchKDU-00522-00134782-00135135 don't get enough quality sleep you're
+QoigRBchKDU-00523-00134934-00135345 eating hormones get out of whack
+QoigRBchKDU-00524-00135135-00135552 so it's hard to tell when you're hungry
+QoigRBchKDU-00525-00135345-00135786 and when you're not so a lot of people
+QoigRBchKDU-00526-00135552-00136104 tend to graze more when they're
+QoigRBchKDU-00527-00135786-00136257 sleep-deprived your ability to tolerate
+QoigRBchKDU-00528-00136104-00136341 stress goes down when you're
+QoigRBchKDU-00529-00136257-00136617 sleep-deprived
+QoigRBchKDU-00530-00136341-00136731 that's not brain surgery I think most of
+QoigRBchKDU-00531-00136617-00137046 us tend to be a little bit more
+QoigRBchKDU-00532-00136731-00137433 impatient when we're exhausted and your
+QoigRBchKDU-00533-00137046-00137919 pain tolerance also goes down as your
+QoigRBchKDU-00534-00137433-00138276 sleep goes down serotonin is involved in
+QoigRBchKDU-00535-00137919-00138528 pain tolerance so if your cortisol is up
+QoigRBchKDU-00536-00138276-00138749 your serotonin serotonin is down your
+QoigRBchKDU-00537-00138528-00138984 pain tolerance may also go down if
+QoigRBchKDU-00538-00138749-00139125 you're feeling more pain you're not
+QoigRBchKDU-00539-00138984-00139503 going to get as much sleep so it's a
+QoigRBchKDU-00540-00139125-00139674 vicious downward cycle recovery and
+QoigRBchKDU-00541-00139503-00139938 overall happiness require that you get
+QoigRBchKDU-00542-00139674-00140169 sufficient quality sleep for you and I
+QoigRBchKDU-00543-00139938-00140460 say for you because maybe you need six
+QoigRBchKDU-00544-00140169-00140787 hours where I need nine you know what
+QoigRBchKDU-00545-00140460-00141111 level what amount you need in order to
+QoigRBchKDU-00546-00140787-00141351 function optimally caffeine-fueled
+QoigRBchKDU-00547-00141111-00141648 awakeness propels you into a state of
+QoigRBchKDU-00548-00141351-00141888 burnout you can only use caffeine to
+QoigRBchKDU-00549-00141648-00142089 keep the motor going for so long before
+QoigRBchKDU-00550-00141888-00142461 it doesn't work anymore and I can tell
+QoigRBchKDU-00551-00142089-00142839 you from experience when I was in high
+QoigRBchKDU-00552-00142461-00143160 school actually and early college I used
+QoigRBchKDU-00553-00142839-00143421 so much caffeine and so many pre-workout
+QoigRBchKDU-00554-00143160-00143628 supplements and so many stimulants that
+QoigRBchKDU-00555-00143421-00143760 it got to the point where I would drink
+QoigRBchKDU-00556-00143628-00144069 caffeine it would actually make me
+QoigRBchKDU-00557-00143760-00144345 sleepy there was no get up and go left
+QoigRBchKDU-00558-00144069-00144585 in that engine that is not healthy
+QoigRBchKDU-00559-00144345-00144783 that's not healthy at all so
+QoigRBchKDU-00560-00144585-00145005 understanding that even though it feels
+QoigRBchKDU-00561-00144783-00145219 like it gives you a boost in the long
+QoigRBchKDU-00562-00145005-00145408 term you're going to run out
+QoigRBchKDU-00563-00145219-00145609 energy at some point if you just keep
+QoigRBchKDU-00564-00145408-00145933 pushing and pushing and pushing
+QoigRBchKDU-00565-00145609-00146379 so caffeine is not really the be-all
+QoigRBchKDU-00566-00145933-00146562 end-all answer if you like this podcast
+QoigRBchKDU-00567-00146379-00146775 you can subscribe on your favorite
+QoigRBchKDU-00568-00146562-00147109 podcast app join our Facebook group at
+QoigRBchKDU-00569-00146775-00147291 Doc's nights comm slash Facebook or you
+QoigRBchKDU-00570-00147109-00147687 can join our community at Doc's nice
+QoigRBchKDU-00571-00147291-00147847 calm thanks for tuning in to happiness
+QoigRBchKDU-00572-00147687-00148101 isn't brain surgery with Doc's naipes
+QoigRBchKDU-00573-00147847-00148302 our mission is to make practical tools
+QoigRBchKDU-00574-00148101-00148546 for living the happiest life affordable
+QoigRBchKDU-00575-00148302-00148735 and accessible to everyone we record the
+QoigRBchKDU-00576-00148546-00149025 podcast during a Facebook live broadcast
+QoigRBchKDU-00577-00148735-00149233 each week join us free at Doc's 9.com
+QoigRBchKDU-00578-00149025-00149415 slash Facebook or subscribe to the
+QoigRBchKDU-00579-00149233-00149695 podcast on your favorite podcast player
+QoigRBchKDU-00580-00149415-00149877 and remember Doc's nights calm has even
+QoigRBchKDU-00581-00149695-00150126 more resources Members Only videos
+QoigRBchKDU-00582-00149877-00150349 handouts and workbooks to help you apply
+QoigRBchKDU-00583-00150126-00150501 what you learn if you like this podcast
+QoigRBchKDU-00584-00150349-00150760 and want to support the work we are
+QoigRBchKDU-00585-00150501-00150937 doing for as little as 399 per month you
+QoigRBchKDU-00586-00150760-00151261 can become a supporter at Doc's nights
+QoigRBchKDU-00587-00150937-00151401 comm slash join again thank you for
+QoigRBchKDU-00588-00151261-00151659 joining us and let us know how we can
+QoigRBchKDU-00589-00151401-00151659 help you
+QoAOn90z7o8-00000-00000179-00000517 HOW TO GET URINE STAINS OUT OF CARPET
+QoAOn90z7o8-00001-00000517-00000994 If the area is still wet, be sure to blot the urine stain with a clean towel.
+QoAOn90z7o8-00002-00000994-00001420 You can also use paper towels to help absorb any remaining urine.
+QoAOn90z7o8-00003-00001420-00002036 If you have access to any kind of shop-vac, use it to extract any remaining urine.
+QoAOn90z7o8-00004-00002036-00002586 Take one teaspoon of liquid dishwasher detergent and mix it with one cup of warm water.
+QoAOn90z7o8-00005-00002586-00003118 Pour the solution directly onto the carpet until the stain area is covered.
+QoAOn90z7o8-00006-00003118-00003601 Blot dry the area or use a vacuum to remove any excess liquid.
+QoAOn90z7o8-00007-00003601-00004230 After rinsing the area with warm water, keep applying the solution until the stain disappears.
+QoAOn90z7o8-00008-00004230-00005287 For extra care, mix two tablespoons of ammonia with one cup of water and apply this solution.
+QoAOn90z7o8-00009-00005287-00006041 Blot dry the area or use a vacuum to remove any excess liquid.
+QoAOn90z7o8-00010-00006041-00006536 For more spot cleaning solution visit http://spotremoval.coit.com
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00000-00001522-00001939 My name is Heather Logan and I've been making
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00001-00001941-00002300 games professionally for over a decade
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00002-00002300-00002552 and a half so I've done this event a
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00003-00002552-00002675 couple of times in a couple different
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00004-00002675-00002865 ways what you learned from doing
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00005-00002865-00003125 something like this is it gives you a
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00006-00003125-00003497 jump-start into making games and you
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00007-00003497-00003777 already have a board you already have a
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00008-00003777-00004061 set of rules you can see the components
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00009-00004061-00004305 that go into making the board games the
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00010-00004305-00004536 basic task is take a game and make it
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00011-00004536-00004602 better
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00012-00004602-00004818 which is a key component of game design
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00013-00004818-00005025 once you get to the point where you're
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00014-00005025-00005346 making your own game as well
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00015-00005346-00005622 during college I explored the world of modern board games
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00016-00005622-00005904 those games are separate from the classics
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00017-00005904-00006150 like monopoly and candyland so
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00018-00006150-00006285 I've been playing a lot of those games
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00019-00006285-00006578 and I saw this workshop where I can
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00020-00006579-00006702 kind of make my own
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00021-00006702-00006959 I've never made my own cause that's pretty hard job for
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00022-00006959-00007209 the designers and stuff so i thought i
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00023-00007209-00007400 could take a hand at it we're
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00024-00007401-00007556 definitely taking a lot of examples from
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00025-00007556-00007781 modern board games but we're realizing
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00026-00007781-00008013 that it's a little tougher than we thought
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00027-00008013-00008199 I've always had an idea about how difficult
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00028-00008199-00008447 it was but then this kind of shows
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00029-00008447-00008709 more so that it's like exteremely
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00030-00008709-00008790 difficult there's like
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00031-00008790-00009072 so many aspects to it you know the
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00032-00009072-00009285 mechanics involved it's fun to like best
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00033-00009285-00009606 first and foremost it has to be fun right
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00034-00009606-00009846 can't make a game without it being fun
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00035-00009846-00010190 so we want to make a game that's fun but also challenges our mind
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00036-00010202-00010622 people say this is an easy job it's not
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00037-00010622-00010768 it's not
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00038-00010768-00011041 I'm really excited to see what comes out
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00039-00011041-00011368 of the workshop today it's really fun
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00040-00011368-00011611 people do all kinds of crazy things with
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00041-00011611-00011904 this exercise so it's always exciting to
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00042-00011904-00012100 me to see it's always things i would never
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00043-00012100-00012361 have predicted so for me as a game
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00044-00012361-00012634 designer that that's like the best that's super
+Q9NjdvF91KY-00045-00012634-00012868 fun it's always a surprise
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00000-00000017-00000117 Hello everyone!
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00001-00000117-00000217 I'm Cherry Hu, Education Manager.
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00002-00000217-00000359 We are a bridge connecting schools in Taiwan and Australia.
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00003-00000359-00000775 Australian universities have impressive performance figures in various academic disciplines and
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00004-00000775-00000975 provide comprehensive support for international students.
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00005-00000975-00001342 It makes Australia one of the major countries for studying abroad.
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00006-00001342-00001742 The unique Australian education system provides course quality assurance.
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00007-00001742-00002224 Moreover, the flexible study mode is also one of Australian education's quality characteristics.
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00008-00002224-00003141 The Australian Office promotes international education on behalf of different levels of
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00009-00003141-00003282 education institutes in Australia.
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00010-00003282-00004010 To facilitate academic exchanges between Taiwan and Australia, we are very happy to help you
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00011-00004010-00004360 find a suitable school in our network.
+Q9bWuy0TBb0-00012-00004360-00004510 Please contact us!
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00000-00000024-00000493 Hello, this is Loredana and today I will show you Pipeline, our visual IDE for composing
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00001-00000493-00001060 Solidity smart contracts that use functions from already deployed contracts.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00002-00001060-00001612 Imagine an automated system for buying a product from a marketplace, based on smart contracts.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00003-00001612-00002072 You can have a smart contract the registers vendors, rates them and keeps track of what
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00004-00002072-00002641 products they have, another one for keeping track of prices and another contract for the
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00005-00002641-00002899 actual marketplace and so on.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00006-00002899-00003309 All you will need to do is pick the functions you need from those contracts and Pipeline
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00007-00003309-00003529 will compose the smart contract for you.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00008-00003529-00004001 Let’s see how our contract template looks like without choosing any functions.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00009-00004001-00004421 We just see a payable function with some variables defined.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00010-00004421-00005332 Let us pick a function from the VendorPrices contract, for calculating the quantity of
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00011-00005332-00005825 a product based on the amount of ETH sent with a transaction and based on a vendor’s
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00012-00005825-00005925 price.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00013-00005925-00006559 If we look again at the code, we see that the contract calculates the function signature,
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00014-00006559-00007192 calls our internal proxy with the contract address, signature and inputs and knows how
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00015-00007192-00007403 to handle the output.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00016-00007403-00008303 If we choose another function - setQuantity from the MarketPlace contract, we can link
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00017-00008303-00008743 the output from the first one with the input from setQuantity.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00018-00008743-00009249 If we look at the code, we can see that quantity from calculateQuantity is used in setQuantity.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00019-00009249-00009992 The rest of the variables are set as function arguments.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00020-00009992-00010393 Let us add some more functions.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00021-00010393-00011384 For example, if we want to buy a product, we need to be able to choose a well rated
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00022-00011384-00012602 vendor that sells that product.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00023-00012602-00013136 We can connect the vendor to our setQuantity function for example.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00024-00013136-00013611 But now we actually want to define an automatic process to buy a product, so we are going
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00025-00013611-00014241 to delete the connection and also delete the setQuantity function.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00026-00014241-00015706 We will use the vendor to calculate the quantity and to actually buy the product.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00027-00015706-00016540 We will also connect the quantity out and input.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00028-00016540-00017233 The product id will be an argument that the wrapper function will receive and we need
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00029-00017233-00017954 to pipe it to every function that needs it.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00030-00017954-00019118 Now let’s look at the code.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00031-00019118-00020375 The VendorRegistration contract finds us a well rated vendor, we then calculate the quantity
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00032-00020375-00020846 and buy the product.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00033-00020846-00022590 We can even get the JSON for the diagram for later use.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00034-00022590-00023119 All the diagrams are composed using the smart contract ABIs and Pipeline handles the function
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00035-00023119-00023429 input and output based on the function ABI.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00036-00023429-00024122 Now let us test this contract in Remix.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00037-00024122-00025148 I have already deployed the other smart contracts, so let us compile our programmatically constructed
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00038-00025148-00026739 contract and deploy it.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00039-00026739-00027474 We need to give the other contract addresses in the constructor.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00041-00030861-00031328 already have vendors registered on this product.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00042-00031328-00031587 We set the value in WEI - 1000.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00043-00031587-00031931 This is the amount that the vendor will receive.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00044-00031931-00032483 And then just send the transaction.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00045-00032483-00033065 The MarketPlace contract emits an event for each buy, so we can just look at that data
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00046-00033065-00034284 and check if it correct.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00047-00034284-00035056 Ok, so we used a programmatically created smart contract to act as a pipeline for already
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00048-00035056-00035622 deployed contracts, using a special general proxy in Solidity that we have created.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00049-00035622-00036152 To recap, Pipeline receives a set of smart contract ABIs and deployment addresses or
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00050-00036152-00036337 the graph source as JSON.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00051-00036337-00036752 And returns Solidity code with a new smart contract and a function that executes the
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00052-00036752-00037055 flow graph, ready to be deployed on chain.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00053-00037055-00037412 It can also return the graph source in JSON format.
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00054-00037412-00037901 Pipeline, a visual IDE for building smart contracts!
+Qs7jV6Kt1yA-00055-00037901-00038280 Thank you for watching and we also invite you to see our other demos.
+QuMcHQrNu8A-00000-00000043-00000123 Hindi
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00000-00000000-00002058 it's April 3rd you're ready for today's update hi Rick McHone with the EXP Realty
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00001-00002058-00002316 do me a favor hit the subscribe button down below
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00002-00002316-00002757 don't forget to click that little Bell icon so that you can know whenever I add
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00003-00002757-00003167 new content so it's April 3rd what's happening inventory is creeping up in
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00004-00003167-00003651 Arizona I'm gonna stay creeping up because we're up a little over 3,400
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00005-00003651-00004092 units now versus March 13th that's not a huge number considering the
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00006-00004092-00004644 circumstances so we had a huge jump the very first weekend that things started
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00007-00004644-00005160 to get shut down and now it's just kind of lunging up slowly is the best way to
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00008-00005160-00005432 describe it I still describe the market as somewhat
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00009-00005432-00006177 frozen I'm seeing about 800 homes to 900 homes come off the market the past seven
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00010-00006177-00006609 days they're just pulling them off but we're still selling homes and the reason
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00011-00006609-00007022 we're selling homes is that sellers are not being as restrictive as they once
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00012-00007022-00007365 were they're contributing to closing costs they're lowering their price a
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00013-00007365-00007775 little bit they're loosening up on on some terms they're willing to repair
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00014-00007775-00008199 some things so buyers are seeing some relief where it's going from here is
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00015-00008199-00008553 anybody's guess all we can do is continue and follow the
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00016-00008553-00009078 numbers but there's one watch out that I want you to be careful with and that is
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00017-00009078-00009440 telling your lender that you want him to lock a rate because it's difficult for
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00018-00009440-00009792 them because the numbers are changing about every 15 to 30 minutes here's a
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00019-00009792-00010211 quick example today my lender said he looked on there and he saw that the rate
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00020-00010211-00010803 was three point two five he said by the time I would be able to call my client
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00021-00010803-00011336 my buyer and say let me lock you at three point two five and then I got back
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00022-00011336-00011760 on and looked it was now three point three eight in the span of fifteen
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00023-00011760-00012231 minutes now 15 minutes later it might go down to three point two five so there's
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00024-00012231-00012753 a lot of turmoil in the lending industry right now and in finances in general so
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00025-00012753-00013274 don't go to this thinking it's stable be flexible but also remember
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00026-00013274-00013835 they're between 3.25 and 3.3 I 3/8 I'm sorry that's not a deal-killer
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00027-00013835-00014191 so you got to be looking at your monthly payment that kind of a move on a
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00028-00014191-00014866 $200,000 homes 20 bucks a month or two and a half trips to Starbucks so keep
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00029-00014866-00015326 keep communicating with your Leonard we're expecting rates to come down they
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00030-00015326-00015749 are they are down significantly for more they were last week we expect them to
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00031-00015749-00016088 decline a little bit more so keep watching the numbers and I'll keep you
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00032-00016088-00016399 posted than anything else changes
+Qv2Y88qevRE-00033-00016886-00017092 you
+QvZXfVAQNmu-00000-00000000-00000157 Hey guys, today I have gotten enough gumdrops to buy the gummy bee!
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00000-00000919-00001158 Hello and welcome to Rehab at Home from MED-EL.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00001-00001231-00001569 In this series, we will show you some simple activities you can do at home
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00002-00001599-00001809 to help your child with their listening and speaking.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00003-00001876-00002170 Today, Jessica and her mom are making faces from Play-Doh.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00004-00002244-00002603 Jessica has to listen to her mom's instructions about how to make the hair,
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00005-00002636-00002816 ears, and other parts of the face.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00006-00002851-00002970 Let's see how it works.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00007-00003027-00003428 So, let's roll it. We'll make some nice long curly bits of hair
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00008-00003458-00003560 for this girl.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00009-00003772-00003943 And after we've done the hair,
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00010-00004049-00004378 I think it's very important that we give her some ears.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00011-00004489-00004756 Yeah, we can make her some little ears.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00012-00005019-00005301 So, I'm going to make this girl's long curly hair.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00013-00005361-00005461 Like that.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00014-00005529-00005800 And I'm going to put this long curly hair here.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00015-00005930-00006285 Shall we make a long thin mouth, yes?
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00016-00006299-00006602 Okay. Now how about for the long thin mouth?
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00017-00006602-00006836 Should we roll it like a little worm?
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00018-00006929-00007029 Yeah.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00019-00007036-00007523 So, you have that bit. Okay, you roll it, make a nice long thin mouth.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00020-00007752-00008309 And should we make it a long thin happy smiley mouth?
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00021-00008814-00009116 That looks like it's going to be a nice big happy smiley mouth.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00022-00009168-00009508 And then after that can you get some green Play-Doh
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00023-00009602-00009907 and make some green ears for me please.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00024-00010114-00010255 Okay.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00025-00010433-00010587 That's it.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00026-00010592-00010831 Let's make some little green ears.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00027-00011245-00011588 Jessica made a Play-Doh face by listening to her mom's instructions.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00028-00011663-00012020 Sometimes, her mom highlighted the important words in the instructions
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00029-00012057-00012328 such as "Can you make some small green ears"
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00030-00012350-00012582 to make the key words easier to understand.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00031-00012652-00012857 This is an example of acoustic highlighting.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00032-00012928-00013118 Depending on your child's listening skills,
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00033-00013120-00013306 they may need this additional cue
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00034-00013328-00013639 to help them to identify the important words in the instructions.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00035-00013710-00013897 As your child's listening skills improve,
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00036-00013928-00014155 reduce how much you emphasize the key words.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00037-00014224-00014324 Thanks for watching.
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00038-00014327-00014558 And don't forget to subscribe to the MED-EL blog
+QxFK1fsQHQY-00039-00014567-00014917 to get all the latest Rehab at Home videos straight to your inbox.
+QxcR0bLrEaI-00000-00000000-00000392 Announcing... a new bundle of sea lion!
+QxcR0bLrEaI-00001-00000392-00000825 Minerva, a sea lion at SeaWorld Orlando, gave birth to a pup on July 1st.
+QxcR0bLrEaI-00002-00000897-00001325 Minerva was only labor for 20 minutes we should ask for her secret
+QxcR0bLrEaI-00003-00001689-00002023 As you can see, mom and baby are both doing fine!
+QxcR0bLrEaI-00004-00002046-00002522 Come see Minerva, her new pup, and the other amazing animals at SeaWorld
+QxcR0bLrEaI-00005-00002522-00002810 To learn more, visit SeaWorldCares.com
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00000-00000000-00000200 I offer you Fruit dessert with berries!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00001-00000200-00000400 Strawberries 12-15 pieces
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00002-00000400-00000600 Hello everyone, Victoria is with you
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00003-00000600-00000800 You can use any fruit or berries to taste or according to the season
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00004-00000800-00001000 Finely chop
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00005-00001000-00001200 Raspberries, blueberries, currants, bananas, peaches, oranges
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00006-00001200-00001400 or even frozen berries
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00007-00001400-00001600 will do Transfer to a plate
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00008-00001800-00002000 Sugar 2 tbsp
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00009-00002200-00002400 Stir
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00010-00002800-00003000 Curd cheese type Philadelphia 300 g
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00011-00003000-00003200 mash with a fork
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00012-00003600-00003800 Cream 250 g
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00013-00003800-00004000 can be of any fat content, I have 30% fat
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00014-00004000-00004200 cream should be well chilled
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00015-00004400-00004600 beat to soft peaks
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00016-00004600-00004800 Instead of cream, you can use 30% fat sour cream but the cream will turn out more liquid!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00017-00005200-00005400 Powdered sugar 70 g
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00018-00005600-00005800 mix and continue to beat
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00019-00005800-00006000 Sugar in this recipe can be adjusted to taste
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00020-00006000-00006200 or replaced with a sweetener, syrup, honey!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00021-00006400-00006600 add mashed curd cheese
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00022-00007600-00007800 beat until thick
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00023-00008000-00008200 add Vanilla yogurt 2 cups of 100 g each
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00024-00008400-00008600 you can use any other yogurt to taste ( natural, Greek or any fruit )
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00025-00009200-00009400 beat until thick
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00026-00009400-00009600 This cream is very tasty and goes well with fruits
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00027-00009600-00009800 Try it!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00028-00010600-00010800 This is the consistency
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00029-00010800-00011000 Chocolate biscuit - 4 pieces (300 g)
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00030-00011000-00011200 any biscuit or cookie will do.
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00031-00011200-00011400 See recipes for biscuits on my channel, I will leave all the links in the description under the video!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00032-00011400-00011600 Finely chop the biscuit
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00033-00011800-00012000 if you have cookies, then break it into small pieces
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00034-00012400-00012600 Subscribe to my channel so as not to miss New recipes!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00035-00013800-00014000 We collect our dessert
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00036-00014000-00014200 , glasses, glasses or bowls are suitable.
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00037-00014200-00014400 We spread the cream
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00038-00014400-00014600 , then the chopped biscuit,
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00039-00014800-00015000 press
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00040-00015000-00015200 the cream a little with a spoon again
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00041-00015600-00015800 and strawberries with sugar
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00042-00016000-00016200 Strawberries let the juice, it will turn out very tasty and juicy!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00043-00016600-00016800 Put Like!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00044-00016800-00017000 Write your comments!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00045-00017200-00017400 We also fill all glasses and glasses!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00046-00017400-00017600 I made 7 servings, each serving is about 200 ml
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00047-00017800-00018000 We send the dessert to the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes, but you can also serve it right away!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00048-00018200-00018400 Apply more cream!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00049-00018600-00018800 It turns out beautiful and delicious!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00050-00019000-00019200 What recipes would you like to see on my channel?
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00051-00019200-00019800 Write in the comments.
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00052-00019800-00020000 Let's try this delicious dessert!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00053-00020600-00020800 Bon appetit!
+Q-uQ1cxHkG8-00054-00020800-00021000 Thank you for watching the video to the end.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00000-00000522-00001161 Globally we produce 3.5 million tons of rubbish it's an enormous amount of
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00001-00001161-00001500 material it would fill a line of garbage trucks stretching all the way from
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00002-00001500-00002088 Miami, Florida to Seattle, Washington every day.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00003-00002102-00002352 According to the Environmental Protection Agency
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00004-00002352-00002804 more than 200 million tons of waste are produced every year.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00005-00002804-00003422 Each American makes 4.4 pounds of that trash every day.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00006-00003422-00003620 That's why we need to recycle.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00007-00003620-00004187 That's why we need to compost we can't just bury the planet in garbage
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00008-00004188-00004578 we've got to stop making so much.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00009-00004578-00004766 The city of San Francisco is doing its part
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00010-00004766-00005364 by preventing 80% of wastes from going to landfills through a zero waste initiative.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00011-00005402-00005783 The term zero waste is an aspirational term it means sending
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00012-00005783-00006392 nothing to landfills or incinerators it means taking steps not to make so much
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00013-00006392-00006845 garbage to begin with and then recycling and composting as much as you can so
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00014-00006845-00007148 you've got next to nothing left.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00015-00007148-00007578 In San Francisco 99% of our businesses and our
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00016-00007578-00008170 apartment buildings our hospitals our government offices have the three bin system
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00017-00008170-00008463 so it is easy to do the right thing.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00018-00008463-00008908 Messages about composting and recycling are everywhere in our city.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00019-00008908-00009362 We have some of the most ambitious laws and policies in the country.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00020-00009362-00009526 Residents and businesses are required
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00021-00009526-00010042 to recycle and compost by a law put in place in 2009.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00022-00010054-00010642 Things don't belong in that black bin and in fact it's cheaper if you don't use your black bin.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00023-00010642-00011100 We give economic incentives to our businesses and our residents to avoid
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00024-00011100-00011579 the black bin at all costs.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00025-00011579-00012056 And while plastics continue to be a problem globally many San Franciscans want to be a part of the solution
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00026-00012056-00012503 They're declining plastic bags the city banned plastic bags, banned plastic
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00027-00012503-00012908 straws, people are shopping at farmer's markets where they can buy loose fruits
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00028-00012908-00013244 and vegetables. There is no packaging that many of the
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00029-00013244-00013674 grocery stores you can bring your own mason jars and not generate any packaging.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00030-00013674-00013904 It's part of an environmental movement.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00031-00013980-00014144 The city works with Recology,
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00032-00014150-00014552 a private company that gathers and processes waste materials.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00033-00014562-00015086 They bring recyclables here, Recycle Central on Pier 96.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00034-00015134-00015500 We process 650 tons of recycling here
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00035-00015500-00016136 every day. Bottles, cans, paper, cardboard, all mixed together and we separate into
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00036-00016136-00016480 14 different materials every day.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00037-00016480-00016820 We use modern recycling equipment and then hand
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00038-00016820-00017122 sorting by recycling workers to do that.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00039-00017140-00017356 Along with environmental benefits the
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00040-00017356-00017698 recycling program is also creating jobs.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00041-00017754-00018038 We employed a hundred and seventy-five
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00042-00018038-00018542 recycling workers in this plant. Recycling crates ten times more jobs
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00043-00018542-00018900 than landfilling or incineration.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00044-00018900-00019206 Just as important is composting.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00045-00019206-00019606 It's collecting yard trimmings like sticks and leaves and
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00046-00019607-00020072 also food scraps like the cuttings from the ends of carrots and the things you
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00047-00020072-00020606 use to prepare a salad those trimmings so composting it breaks them down into a
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00048-00020606-00021122 natural soil amendment that can go back into the garden or onto a farm.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00049-00021138-00021892 Right now San Francisco composts or recycles about two and a half million tons a year.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00050-00021892-00022354 The city knows challenges are inevitable in its efforts become waste free.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00051-00022354-00022850 And honestly one of the hardest ones for us right now is this culture of convenience.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00052-00022850-00023248 This idea that things should be quick and easy that somebody else will take
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00053-00023248-00023740 care of it for us. But what we really need is that the business community be a
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00054-00023740-00024332 partner with us and stop giving us products that have no solution for the end of life.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00055-00024352-00024654 In spite of the hurdles many domestic and international city leaders
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00056-00024654-00025062 have taken notice of San Francisco's success and are looking to the city for
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00057-00025062-00025278 guidance on better waste management.
+Q-wl4Z6fbdE-00058-00025278-00025514 Tomeka Jones for CNN San Francisco
+QAYk708RL-M-00000-00000840-00001386 I'm Kien Lim I'm in the department of mathematical sciences. So magic is wonderful because, you
+QAYk708RL-M-00001-00001386-00002340 know people has a curiosity. So if you can create a magic act and then underline the
+QAYk708RL-M-00002-00002354-00002924 magic there with some math principles or some math involved. And in the end see the connections
+QAYk708RL-M-00003-00002924-00003479 to oh this is actually an inverse functions and then that's where it could create a need
+QAYk708RL-M-00004-00003479-00004128 for them to learn. The best outcome is you view mathematics as a subject that involves
+QAYk708RL-M-00005-00004128-00004890 thinking and learning and look forward to thinking about it. Because a lot of the math
+QAYk708RL-M-00006-00004900-00005660 shortcuts and strategies and procedures doesn't come out from nowhere. It come out from a
+QAYk708RL-M-00007-00005670-00006480 need. You know, and if in our math class allow the students to experience the need for that
+QAYk708RL-M-00008-00006509-00006852 concept then it is much, much more powerful.
+QB6sm1mA06u-00000-00000000-00002560 I edited subtitles :D
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00000-00000023-00000696 This is the VapCap a battery free vaporizer by DynaVap the VapCap comes
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00001-00000696-00001323 in different styles and material such as stainless steel titanium and wood
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00002-00001323-00001992 The M is made from stainless steel the VapCap is easy to use first remove
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00003-00001992-00002532 the cap from the tip next load the tip with your material or thick concentrate
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00004-00002532-00003075 of choice. Place the cap back on the tip now your VapCap is ready to be heated
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00005-00003075-00003660 next choose your heating device for your first time we recommend a triple torch
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00006-00003660-00004104 butane heater to heat hold your VapCap at an angle to your
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00007-00004104-00004548 torch just above the flame rotate your VapCap as you heat
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00008-00004548-00005114 this helps even out the heat of your material and provides a perfect vaporization as
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00009-00005114-00005546 soon as you hear the click stop heating the click tells you when your material
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00010-00005546-00006060 is ready. When the cap cools below vaporization temperature it will click again
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00011-00006060-00006831 Your VapCap is now ready to be reheated or put away we hope you enjoyed
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00012-00006831-00007286 this quick video on how to use your mouth counter please check out our other
+QG_HZzj6DIY-00013-00007286-00007654 videos for more information
+QHBVC2KpD3o-00000-00000000-00000200 oh my god it's a kid singing w o w
+QHBVC2KpD3o-00001-00000388-00000519 c r u n c h
+QHBVC2KpD3o-00002-00000520-00000720 oh my ominious music?
+QHBVC2KpD3o-00003-00000869-00001363 big chomps right there... big chomps.
+QHBVC2KpD3o-00004-00001666-00001866 ChIcKeN nUgGiEs AnYoNe?
+QHBVC2KpD3o-00005-00001988-00002038 AH
+QHBVC2KpD3o-00006-00002069-00002269 hi arbys your restruant tastes like shit
+QHBVC2KpD3o-00007-00003161-00003361 what the hell kind of example is that...
+QHBVC2KpD3o-00008-00003541-00003591 AHH
+QHBVC2KpD3o-00009-00004137-00004337 MY FUCKING EARS
+QHBVC2KpD3o-00010-00004337-00004537 MY FUCKING EARS
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00000-00000403-00000802 My name is Brienne Magee. I'm a Public Affairs Officer with the Coconino
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00001-00000805-00001206 National Forest. What you're looking at behind me here is evidence of a forest thinning
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00002-00001208-00001607 project. Now, at first you'd wonder what forest thinning has to do with fire
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00003-00001610-00002012 preparedness, but you got to understand the fire triangle. A fire
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00004-00002014-00002415 needs three things to survive - it needs oxygen; it needs
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00005-00002417-00002819 heat; and it needs fuel. Well, we don't have much control over
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00006-00002821-00003222 the oxygen, and, especially with some of the lightning, we sometimes don't have much control
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00007-00003224-00003627 over the heat portion of that fire triangle either. What we do have control
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00008-00003629-00004031 over is the amount of fuel. Without fuel a fire can't burn.
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00009-00004033-00004434 What a forest thinning project does is it reduces that amount of fuel to
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00010-00004436-00004838 lessen the severity of fire should it happen in this area. So,
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00011-00004840-00005242 historically, in this area where we're standing, this would have been a meadow - a very
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00012-00005244-00005642 healthy, pretty meadow. Settlers came through and in about in the 1980s
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00013-00005644-00006047 they created this area. They made a plantation,
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00014-00006049-00006456 and they planted these tress. These are a couple of decades old, and as you can
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00015-00006459-00006862 see, the trees are far too close together, quite unhealthy [and] not very
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00016-00006864-00007268 large. In an unplanned fire, these fuels, on
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00017-00007270-00007675 a very dry day, could turn into ladder fuels. [Fire could] build from the forest
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00018-00007677-00008081 ground to these small trees here that are not health and overgrown,
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00019-00008083-00008492 and into the larger portions of the forest. So, our crews
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00020-00008494-00008909 today are reducing these ladder fuels and helping to create a
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00021-00008911-00009327 more historically proper area. Alright, so what are the next steps for this
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00022-00009329-00009744 thinning project? Obviously, leaving the trees down like this isn't really helping much
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00023-00009746-00010163 with the fire danger. They're still going to lead to some sort of
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00024-00010165-00010564 escalation of severity if an unplanned fire were to occur.
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00025-00010566-00010968 What's next is that a dozer will come through.  Our crews will come through with
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00026-00010970-00011372 bulldozer [to] push these piles together, and then we'll do a prescribed burn.
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00027-00011374-00011775 In this case, a prescribed pile burn, where we'll actually set fire
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00028-00011777-00012179 to these piles and reduce them so that they're no longer a risk to fire
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00029-00012181-00012581 severity. Pile burns here in Northern Arizona tend to require
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00030-00012583-00012984 a little bit extra moisture, so you'll often see pile burns happening in the
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00031-00012986-00013386 winter when there's snow on the ground. That allows crews to put fire to these fuels
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00032-00013388-00013790 - as you can see, they're larger branches and fairly
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00033-00013791-00014190 large trunks - without the worry of the fire spreading across the forest
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00034-00014191-00014593 floor or spotting very easily. The extra fuel moisture in the area around
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00035-00014594-00014996 it [the pile] - the extra precipitation in the trees and the vegetation itself - helps
+QJBG3Xo-A1c-00036-00014997-00015397 to keep the rest of the forest safe while the piles consume.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00000-00001700-00002200 In this experience, called Surface tension and soap films, we can observe
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00001-00002200-00003100 the different surfaces that are formed when the wire structure is immersed in the soap solution
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00002-00003100-00003600 and show the effects of surface tension.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00003-00003600-00005200 We need the solution made of water, dishwashing soap and some glycerol to help stabilize the soap film.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00004-00005250-00006700 We also have the different wire structures. Straws may also be used for this,
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00005-00006700-00007100 or any other thing that allows us to make different shapes.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00006-00007200-00008000 To visualize the shapes, simply immerse the structure in the solution
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00007-00008000-00008500 and remove it carefully
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00008-00008800-00009300 Surface tension may be understood in two different ways:
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00009-00009300-00010050 either an energy per unit area or a force per unit length.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00010-00010050-00011000 From the first point of view, as an energy in Joule per square meter,
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00011-00011050-00011500 surface tension is the energy needed to increase the surface of the film.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00012-00011600-00012500 Hence if we allow the film to evolve freely, it will adopt the shape corresponding to the lowest energy,
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00013-00012500-00012850 and, consequently, smallest surface.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00014-00012850-00013450 Considering a soap bubble free to float in the air
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00015-00013450-00013750 it will adopt an spherical shape.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00016-00013750-00014400 The sphere is the lowest surface shape for a given volume.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00017-00014450-00015300 However, if the film is attached to a wire frame
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00018-00015300-00016100 it will undertake a shape that minimizes surface area.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00019-00016100-00016600 This type of surfaces are known as "minimal surfaces" and
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00020-00016600-00017200 they have the mathematical property of zero mean curvature.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00021-00017200-00018000 In other words, this means the film will form the surface
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00022-00018000-00018700 with the lowest possible curvature of all shapes that could form in the wire structure.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00023-00018850-00019200 For example, if we take these two concentric rings 
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00024-00019200-00019900 and immerse them, we will obtain 
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00025-00019900-00020700 a figure like this one, known as "catenoid".
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00026-00020800-00021200 The catenoid between the rings
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00027-00021200-00022200 is a revolution shape formed by spinning a curve known as "catenary".
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00028-00022200-00022800 If I take a string by its two ends and let it hang freely
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00029-00022800-00023250 it will form a catenary curve.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00030-00023250-00023850 If we make it revolve, the catenary will form a catenoid.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00031-00023850-00024500 The catenoid is a minimal surface and hence a surface with zero mean curvature.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00032-00024600-00025100 With the cubic wire we can obtain another interesting figure.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00033-00025200-00025800 This one is slightly more difficult to obtain, but you will manage with some practice.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00034-00026100-00027400 This figure is sometimes regarded as the projection of a 4D-hypercube in our 3D space.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00035-00027400-00027700 It is usually simply known as the hypercube.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00036-00027700-00028400 It's composed of a small cube in the centre joined to the arists by 8 trapezoids.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00037-00028500-00029000 This is also a minimal surface in the sense that
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00038-00029000-00029600 if we compute the total area of all these plains and the centre cube
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00039-00029600-00030500 we'll see that is smaller than the surface of the 6 faces of the wire cube.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00040-00030500-00031300 Hence, this figure will appear more frequently than the soap film covering the 6 faces.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00041-00031400-00031800 Finally, with these two parallel sewing threads
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00042-00031800-00032500 we can observe the surface tension operating as a "force per unit length",
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00043-00032500-00032900 in a very apparent manner.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00044-00033000-00033700 Immersing the threads, we will obtain a film between them.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00045-00033900-00034300 If the applied force is not very strong, the threads tend to merge.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00046-00034550-00035500 What we are observing here is the soap film exerting a force parallel to its surface.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00047-00035600-00036300 This force pulls on the threads and deforms them.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00048-00036500-00037700 In fact, to be able to separate them,  a force big enough to overcome surface tension is needed.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00049-00037850-00038900 In this case, surface tension is  strong enough to counteract the weight of the bottom piece of wire
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00050-00038950-00039400 and pull it upwards when I release it.
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00051-00039500-00040400 This is an easy experience to build, where the different shapes to observe
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00052-00040400-00040900 depend on one's imagination to build wire structures
+QKvzzTXBxU4-00053-00040900-00041300 and it is both very didactic and a lot of fun!
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00000-00000720-00001216 Hello and welcome back this is Rochelle from the DIY Affiliate Marketing on Youtube and
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00001-00001216-00002032 thesecret_youtuber on TIKTOK in this video I am going to show you how to use the microsoft word
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00002-00002032-00002808 dictate yes if you are looking for the easiest fastest and most cost-efficient way
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00003-00002808-00003600 to write edit publish and turn your book into an audiobook then you have arrived
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00004-00003664-00003960 at the right time and this is the right channel
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00005-00004176-00004872 I give you just the facts and let's jump right in this is pretty exciting here now you don't
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00006-00004872-00005408 even have to use your keyboard you don't even have to type your novel you can just dictate it
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00007-00005672-00006304 over here to your right you will see dictate voice and then you will just click into the dictate
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00008-00006440-00006672 you will see your microphone loading
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00009-00006823-00007520 and now your cursor where you want to start your text and then just start talking
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00010-00007959-00008664 this is the easiest way that I found how to create a novel not having to be
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00011-00008936-00009016 at a desk
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00012-00009224-00009336 you can be relaxing
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00013-00009576-00009984 and just talking into your mic
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00014-00010192-00010584 this is the microsoft dictate
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00015-00011192-00012192 here you can see this gadget you can enable auto punctuation filter sensitive phrases and what is
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00016-00012192-00013040 your spoken language choose your own language isn't that great you don't even have to worry
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00017-00013040-00013808 about doing any conversion or anything and here is the circle with the question mark
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00018-00013808-00014336 when you click into the circle with the question mark you will see the help box come up
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00019-00014663-00015408 here you will see all of the commands which I am going to demonstrate for you right now
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00020-00015560-00016191 I'm just going to click my microphone back on listening
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00021-00016832-00016984 period
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00022-00017240-00017640 full stop here is a sentence
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00023-00017856-00017896 period
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00024-00018216-00018384 here is a sentence
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00025-00018600-00018640 comma
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00026-00019032-00019384 is this a sentence question mark
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00027-00019528-00020128 isn't that amazing can you imagine how much time you will save in your editing
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00028-00020264-00021000 for when you are just writing your book to use all of your punctuation at the same time
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00029-00021192-00021424 also it will check your spelling
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00030-00021680-00021800 exclamation mark
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00031-00022200-00022608 new line
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00032-00022608-00022760 you can use a colon
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00033-00023408-00023464 colon
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00034-00023840-00023984 colon
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00035-00024304-00025384 you can use a semicolon
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00036-00025512-00025712 go down to a new line
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00037-00025983-00026095 new line
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00038-00026400-00026783 go down to a new line
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00039-00027088-00027183 apostrophe
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00040-00027536-00027920 when you are talking you can use the open quote
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00041-00028160-00028336 and the close quotes
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00042-00028536-00029583 a hyphen an ellipsis begin and open a single quote end or close a single quote
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00043-00030727-00030983 left open bracket
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00044-00031352-00031512 right close bracket
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00045-00031872-00032424 do you see how this can be very helpful to you when you are writing your novel
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00046-00032424-00032712 you don't even have to use the keyboard?
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00047-00033688-00033904 here you can also undo
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00048-00034184-00034376 your last typing undo
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00049-00034592-00034632 undo
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00050-00034872-00035336 undo undo delete
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00051-00035760-00036584 if you use the asterisk you can do the delete that and also
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00052-00037464-00037984 you can delete the last 100 words
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00053-00038400-00038488 delete last
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00054-00039016-00039384 you can delete word
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00055-00039496-00039600 delete word
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00056-00040136-00040232 delete phrase
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00057-00040640-00040784 insert a space
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00058-00041448-00041656 when you make an error
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00059-00041832-00042968 which is a lot harder to do when you are dictating you can make more errors using the keyboard
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00060-00043272-00044984 backspace backspace backspace backspace backspace
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00061-00045192-00046384 and here you can read the tips and here is your formatting
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00062-00046520-00046896 you can use bold simply by highlighting
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00063-00047144-00047800 your words and saying bold
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00064-00047800-00048200 there you can also use italic
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00065-00048936-00049184 italics
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00066-00049384-00049680 this will help you when you are writing your novel
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00067-00050104-00050584 you can also use underline
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00068-00051056-00051112 underline
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00069-00051560-00051984 superscript
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00070-00052344-00052416 subscript
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00071-00052688-00053384 decrease indent
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00072-00053704-00054784 and if you use this command this will clear all formatting
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00073-00055824-00056184 align left
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00074-00057224-00058984 at any time you can use this undo button this will undo everything that you have done
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00075-00059448-00060384 you can start a list
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00076-00061888-00062064 you can start list
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00077-00063167-00064584 YOU can easily start a list
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00078-00064728-00064791 number one
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00079-00065352-00065984 start numbered less
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00080-00066088-00066152 next line
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00081-00066720-00067424 exit list
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00082-00067424-00068008 here's a couple of tips that you can read you can show help at any time
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00083-00068224-00068784 and i can't say these because then it will do this
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00084-00069072-00069576 and here you can see you can use any symbols such as
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00085-00070144-00070584 asterisk backlash forward slash
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00086-00070992-00071064 backslash
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00087-00071400-00071584 forward slash
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00088-00071904-00071968 backslash
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00089-00072744-00072984 vertical bar
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00090-00073336-00074408 vertical bar sign pipe character
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00091-00074408-00074552 back quote or back tick
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00092-00074792-00074856 underscore
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00093-00075400-00075784 m hyphen align left
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00094-00076176-00076280 align center
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00095-00076704-00077184 align right
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00096-00077496-00077656 paragraph sign or mark
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00097-00078392-00078584 apersand and sign
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00098-00078976-00079984 and you can go through all of these anyone that you choose you can add in also mathematics your
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00099-00079984-00080544 percent sign your number sign your plus sign your minus sign your multiplication sign
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00100-00080544-00081288 plus or minus sign division sign equal sign currency the dollar sign the pound sterling sign
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00101-00081288-00082784 ural sign yen sign and phrases smiley face frown frowny face winky face heart emoji
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00102-00083256-00083400 and here are some suggestions
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00103-00083720-00084464 so i hope this will be helpful to you when you are writing your novel because this will
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00104-00084464-00085584 give you an opportunity to be able to see what you are thinking without using your keyboard
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00105-00085704-00086136 and also easier for you to get into the zone of writing
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00106-00086496-00087400 allowing you to have more freedom to dictate anywhere anytime and anyplace using the word app
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00107-00087680-00088000 leave me a comment i'll be happy to answer any questions you may have
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00108-00088096-00088864 but are you excited are you excited about being able to write your novel without having to type it
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00109-00088920-00089536 without having to worry about your grammar without having to worry about your spelling
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00110-00089760-00090136 and just be able to use your voice and the dictate
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00111-00090264-00091184 to create this is video three of the you are the creators series
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00112-00091408-00092392 and when you use word whether you are using the uh the office 365 whether you have paid for it
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00113-00092392-00093208 annually which is a hundred and nine dollars or if you are paying for it monthly which is around
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00114-00093208-00094080 eleven dollars a month it is totally worth your money and worth your time especially when you are
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00115-00094272-00094440 writing your first novel
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00116-00094928-00095240 thank you for watching this video and thank you for being part of
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00117-00095240-00095776 my channel if you have any questions at all then just leave them in the comments I will answer them
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00118-00096032-00096784 until then stay safe and have a wonderful evening
+QNJPFHSbvGk-00119-00096920-00096928 you
+QOmo8c57uO8-00000-00000007-00000362 What do you call the hard rock genre that deals with forgetfulness?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00001-00000362-00000462 Yup.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00002-00000462-00000878 Hey Internet, I’m Steve and welcome to RAFO.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00003-00000878-00001445 The Lost Metal, the final book in the Wax and Wayne series of Mistborn Era 2, has been
+QOmo8c57uO8-00004-00001445-00001545 released.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00005-00001545-00001943 I mean, I assume you already know that, considering you’re watching a video by a guy with a
+QOmo8c57uO8-00006-00001943-00002352 completely healthy…preoccupation with the cosmere.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00007-00002352-00002577 And it takes one to know one?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00008-00002577-00002782 First, spoiler free thoughts.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00009-00002782-00003058 I was worried going into this book.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00010-00003058-00003577 Brandon had said in multiple interviews, streams, and q&a’s that “the gloves are off”
+QOmo8c57uO8-00011-00003577-00003871 for this one in terms of connections to the cosmere as a whole.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00012-00003871-00004364 I didn’t want him to go too far too fast, to run out of secrets before the end and lose
+QOmo8c57uO8-00013-00004364-00004464 the mystery.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00014-00004464-00004911 I was still worried, and frankly, surprised for the middle third of this book.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00015-00004911-00005055 It felt like too much.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00016-00005055-00005562 Seemed like there was a major reveal every other chapter, especially when hmm-hmm gets
+QOmo8c57uO8-00017-00005562-00005743 brought to the hmm-hmm.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00018-00005743-00006070 I was completely sold for the last third.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00019-00006070-00006525 While the connections and developments are significant, I don’t think they’re too
+QOmo8c57uO8-00020-00006525-00006625 much.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00021-00006625-00006930 Especially while going back through for this video, I’m pleased at how many questions
+QOmo8c57uO8-00022-00006930-00007547 I still have, and all the different directions society, technology, and magic can go by the
+QOmo8c57uO8-00023-00007547-00007870 next era.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00024-00007870-00008234 Now, to dive in.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00025-00008234-00008770 Of course, Spoilers for all of Mistborn, Elantris, Emperor’s Soul, Warbreaker, Stormlight,
+QOmo8c57uO8-00026-00008770-00008870 all the things.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00027-00008870-00009311 The prologue features a story about Allomancer Jak, who at this point has been adventuring
+QOmo8c57uO8-00028-00009311-00009507 for likely a little over a year.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00029-00009507-00010092 We know he’s still around 29 years later, when Wayne is 40, so Jak is probably a little
+QOmo8c57uO8-00030-00010092-00010443 over 50, similar to Wax’s age; during Lost Metal, he’s 49.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00031-00010443-00010682 And he and Steris have kids!
+QOmo8c57uO8-00032-00010682-00010921 Maxillium and Tyndwyl.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00033-00010921-00011021 Love it.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00034-00011021-00011407 In the Senate chamber, Mi’chelle Yomen is the first to vote against the bill.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00035-00011407-00011853 Her wedding was the scene of the Vanisher’s abduction of Steris back in Alloy of Law,
+QOmo8c57uO8-00036-00011853-00012396 and she may very well be a worldhopper, considering Hoid came to specifically congratulate her
+QOmo8c57uO8-00037-00012396-00012519 on her nuptials.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00038-00012519-00012877 Wayne and Marasi trudge through sewage to find a Set hideout.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00039-00012877-00013290 Wayne fires a gun without shaking - apparently he’s getting better at that - and we see
+QOmo8c57uO8-00040-00013290-00013505 more allomantic grenades in use.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00041-00013505-00013605 Cadmium man.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00042-00013605-00013705 It’s good.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00043-00013705-00014245 Marasi takes out a Cycle - which is the lowest level in Set leadership, below Suit and Sequence.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00044-00014245-00014701 He’s the first person we see who gets glowing red eyes, and has a Trellium spike.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00045-00014701-00015034 The last one we saw, from Paalm, was taken by the kandra.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00046-00015034-00015538 (Side note, the description of trellium - silvery metal with a red cast to it, and dark red
+QOmo8c57uO8-00047-00015538-00016072 spots similar to rust - is how atium was first described in Brandon’s unpublished first
+QOmo8c57uO8-00048-00016072-00016423 attempt at the Mistborn story.)
+QOmo8c57uO8-00049-00016423-00016747 MeLaan is heading offworld, officially to Shadesmar.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00050-00016747-00016999 It’s no longer just a Rosharan term!
+QOmo8c57uO8-00051-00016999-00017650 The gang does science, and it gets explodey, while Wax specifically isn’t wearing a mask.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00052-00017650-00018237 Beforehand, VenDell said that ettmetal can’t be divided, so long as Harmony remains Harmony.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00053-00018237-00018792 So is the reason why they were able to successfully create teensy bits of atium and lerasium because
+QOmo8c57uO8-00054-00018792-00019039 Harmony is starting to split?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00055-00019039-00019225 Trell is Autonomy.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00056-00019225-00019376 Sazed very clearly says so.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00057-00019376-00019698 “You were not expecting so straightforward an answer?”
+QOmo8c57uO8-00058-00019698-00019798 NO!
+QOmo8c57uO8-00059-00019798-00020267 He gives us a lot of information about Bavadin’s specific Intent: “divide off from the rest
+QOmo8c57uO8-00060-00020267-00020456 of us, go her own way.”
+QOmo8c57uO8-00061-00020456-00021025 Also a bit about Connection - the use of a god metal as a spike capital C Connects you
+QOmo8c57uO8-00062-00021025-00021125 to that shard.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00063-00021125-00021323 Ranette and her wife go out with Wayne.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00064-00021323-00021711 See guys, he told us all in chapter 14 that he was dead.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00065-00021711-00021912 His financial decisions are AMAZING.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00066-00021912-00022256 I mean, he basically invents professional baseball!
+QOmo8c57uO8-00067-00022256-00022392 And athletic sponsorships.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00068-00022392-00022881 Marasi is pushing Reddi to create a special squad specifically for dealing with Metalborn.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00069-00022881-00023098 Sounds like a setup for Era 3 to me.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00070-00023098-00023618 The sting happens in Bilming, which is predominantly built in a Taldain architectural style known
+QOmo8c57uO8-00071-00023618-00024301 as Brutalism, which has implications as to their technology level.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00072-00024301-00024862 When Death comes to bail them out from Entrone, the constable that pulls a gun is a Seeker.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00073-00024862-00025309 Is that just a nice allusion to Marsh’s original power, or is it an excuse for someone
+QOmo8c57uO8-00074-00025309-00025770 else to now know that Wax was burning copper to resist Marsh’s rioting?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00075-00025770-00026097 Marsh tells them that Autonomy’s followers have hemalurgy.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00076-00026097-00026468 Which, like, we already knew - duh - but she also has an army.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00077-00026468-00026857 How much should we be looking for hemalurgy in the wider cosmere?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00078-00026857-00027191 Has Trell spread the secrets of spiking to other worlds?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00079-00027191-00027485 The Marewill flower is straight up the ghostbloods symbol.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00080-00027485-00027884 I noticed that as soon as they released the new hardcover for Secret History, and with
+QOmo8c57uO8-00081-00027884-00028355 how much that flower was a part of the promotional material for the Lost Metal, we knew the Ghostbloods
+QOmo8c57uO8-00082-00028355-00028677 were going to be heavily involved.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00083-00028677-00028860 Moonlight!
+QOmo8c57uO8-00084-00028860-00029427 When I was first reading her interaction with Marasi in the truck, this was my thought:
+QOmo8c57uO8-00085-00029427-00029600 “Is this a rosharan?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00086-00029600-00029822 Epicanthic folds, straight black hair.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00087-00029822-00030287 Could Shallan have gone off-world after Stormlight WAIT SHE’S SHORT IT’S SHAI!"
+QOmo8c57uO8-00088-00030287-00030819 If my timeline is correct, we haven’t seen her for at least like 800 years.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00089-00030819-00031118 Hmm…I really need to do an updated timeline video.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00090-00031118-00031611 Shai connects us to the Ghostbloods, who are of course a major player in the Stormlight
+QOmo8c57uO8-00091-00031611-00032145 Secret Societies competition, though the Scadrian branch seem to be a lot less ruthless - ruthmore?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00092-00032145-00032428 - than their Rosharan counterparts.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00093-00032428-00032963 There are SO MANY connections to the larger Cosmere once we shack up with the Ghostbloods.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00094-00032963-00033762 Chapter 39 gives us Identity locks, a new primary system named Bjendal, apparently Nalthians
+QOmo8c57uO8-00095-00033762-00034341 are trying to use perpendicularites for mass transport, mentions of Roshar and Thaylen
+QOmo8c57uO8-00096-00034341-00034834 - whose letters interlock, manipulating Connection to understand language, an Awakened lock on
+QOmo8c57uO8-00097-00034834-00035390 a safe containing purified Dor, and then predictions on what’s going to happen to Scadrian society
+QOmo8c57uO8-00098-00035390-00035641 once aluminum becomes commonplace.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00099-00035641-00036209 And then there’s the PEOPLE: we first meet Codenames Are Stupid - who is actually Kaise
+QOmo8c57uO8-00100-00036209-00036728 - from Sel; her brother is Adien - the Elantrian who knew exactly how many steps it was to
+QOmo8c57uO8-00101-00036728-00036869 Teod at the end of the book.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00102-00036869-00037513 She also has a seon - THIS seon - Dao, whose Aon means Stability or Security.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00103-00037513-00037613 Also a puppy.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00104-00037613-00038090 Twinsoul is straight up from Aether of Night - or at least hisx magic system is - utilizing
+QOmo8c57uO8-00105-00038090-00038734 pink aether to create spectacles, form knives and pens on his fingers, make the 3d map of
+QOmo8c57uO8-00106-00038734-00039081 the city, and eventually grow a mech suit.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00107-00039081-00039181 Dude.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00108-00039181-00039616 Aethers apparently pre-date the Shattering, and maybe Adonalsium itself.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00109-00039616-00040022 They also may somehow enable those Connection tricks to understand languages too, though
+QOmo8c57uO8-00110-00040022-00040331 I’m not sure how on that one.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00111-00040331-00040786 Given that this is the first time we’ve canonically seen aether in use, I’ll get
+QOmo8c57uO8-00112-00040786-00040938 to work on a video about them too.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00113-00040938-00041291 Thought it might need to be after January for… reasons.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00114-00041291-00041868 Shai’s got a few soulstamps - a couple universal ones that work on any object, which is new
+QOmo8c57uO8-00115-00041868-00042305 - and then her Essence Mark, which turns her into an Elantrian.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00116-00042305-00042763 Immediately after she does so, she draws a map of the Elendel Basin with a strange rune
+QOmo8c57uO8-00117-00042763-00042875 in the center.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00118-00042875-00043153 And now we’ve seen Selish magic hacked.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00119-00043153-00043273 Some…how…
+QOmo8c57uO8-00120-00043273-00043866 She gets away with a burned book containing notes on how to create metalborn out of hemalurgically
+QOmo8c57uO8-00121-00043866-00044378 compounded spikes.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00122-00044378-00044918 They get chased by different chimeras than chased Wax in Shadows of Self.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00123-00044918-00045394 Kelsier is still in contact with the Southern Continent and is on his way up via airship
+QOmo8c57uO8-00124-00045394-00045562 during everything.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00125-00045562-00046078 He implies that he can steelpush, but his chat with Sazed at the end almost explicitly
+QOmo8c57uO8-00126-00046078-00046347 indicates that he doesn’t have allomancy.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00127-00046347-00046765 But if he doesn’t have allomancy, how did he create the Bands?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00128-00046765-00047197 Also, Hoid is just absolutely everywhere in this.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00129-00047197-00047622 He’s apparently been working as Wax’s coachman for years - he's referred to as Wax's
+QOmo8c57uO8-00130-00047622-00048075 new coachman in Shadows of Self, joins the sting in Bilming (where he acknowledges Shai
+QOmo8c57uO8-00131-00048075-00048569 - I guess they might be on better terms now?) and gets a pet rat thanks to a Wayne trade,
+QOmo8c57uO8-00132-00048569-00048978 and then is in the right place to pick up Wax after his first fight with the Set’s
+QOmo8c57uO8-00133-00048978-00049090 suped-up coinshot.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00134-00049090-00049540 And then, of course, rescuing Wax from Elendel Bay after Wayne does his thing.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00135-00049540-00049908 The mayor’s mansion in Bilming is called the Silver House.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00136-00049908-00050209 I wonder if that’s significant.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00137-00050209-00050515 Something is up with the Bands.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00138-00050515-00050806 Apparently drained, they get taken back into Malwish custody.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00139-00050806-00051011 That’ll probably be important later.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00140-00051011-00051186 Also, hi again TenSoon.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00141-00051186-00051297 Another random side note:
+QOmo8c57uO8-00142-00051297-00051611 Tensoon is confirmed to be a wolf looking dog,
+QOmo8c57uO8-00143-00051611-00051790 not a, like, irish wolfhound.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00144-00051790-00052270 Marasi makes it to the artificial perpendicularity and sees the Trell’s army: thousands of
+QOmo8c57uO8-00145-00052270-00052691 inhuman soldiers with golden skin and glowing red eyes.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00146-00052691-00052814 Living statues.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00147-00052814-00053039 With rifles of an advanced design.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00148-00053039-00053201 WHO ARE THEY?!?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00149-00053201-00053386 Are they actually living statues?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00150-00053386-00053629 Awakened, Kalad’s Phantoms style?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00151-00053629-00053751 Nightblood style?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00152-00053751-00054189 Or has Autonomy somehow figured out how to spike non-living things?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00153-00054189-00054772 Or, given her original planet of investment, are these some extension of Taldain Darksider
+QOmo8c57uO8-00154-00054772-00054872 technology?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00155-00054872-00055545 The 8 Ghostblood agents who go to help Steris may have powers from offworld, including potentially
+QOmo8c57uO8-00156-00055545-00055689 at least one Skybreaker.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00157-00055689-00055920 “Is this all legal?”
+QOmo8c57uO8-00158-00055920-00056257 Telsin turns grey when Autonomy leaves her.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00159-00056257-00056357 That’s…significant.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00160-00056357-00056676 And yeah, Wayne is the God Damn Hero.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00161-00056676-00057212 Crafts the perfect speed bubble and freezes time for God himself.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00162-00057212-00057453 Which has interesting implications.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00163-00057453-00057553 Epilogues.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00164-00057553-00057757 Riddled with connections.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00165-00057757-00058086 Marasi meets Kelsier face to face and dumps him.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00166-00058086-00058564 Dlavil - the bloodthirsty Southern Scadrian from Silverlight - has a sister running amok
+QOmo8c57uO8-00167-00058564-00058673 on Roshar.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00168-00058673-00059002 Maybe it’s Silverlight that makes people less ruthmore?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00169-00059002-00059376 Kelsier estimates building height by “sixteens” of feet.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00170-00059376-00059852 Which makes sense - the chapter numbers in the Steel alphabet are base sixteen.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00171-00059852-00060226 It seems he only has the one spike “pinning his soul to his bones.”
+QOmo8c57uO8-00172-00060226-00060795 The kandra have found a way to create atium, and Sazed has become a SIGNIFICANTLY better
+QOmo8c57uO8-00173-00060795-00060895 liar.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00174-00060895-00061012 Kel doesn’t even catch it.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00175-00061012-00061542 He casually drops the name of another planet - Mythos - and pushes for interplanetary travel
+QOmo8c57uO8-00176-00061542-00062012 and technological advancement.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00177-00062012-00062839 MeLaan is going through Shadesmar with a Sho Del - one of the three sapient species on
+QOmo8c57uO8-00178-00062839-00063264 Yolen, the original cosmere planet, besides humans and dragons.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00179-00063264-00063891 And they come across a group of hundreds of people in strange outfits and odd red hair.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00180-00063891-00064152 The most common theory I’ve seen - is it a bunch of horneaters?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00181-00064152-00064285 Or listeners?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00182-00064285-00064496 Marasi’s eventually going to be governor.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00183-00064496-00065066 I assume in Era 3 we’ll hear of the impressive political advancement by one Governor Colms.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00184-00065066-00065257 Or maybe Neverfar?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00185-00065257-00065583 Marsh is feeling better: the “treatment” is working.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00186-00065583-00065683 Question mark?
+QOmo8c57uO8-00187-00065683-00066123 He claims to be using emotional allomancy to walk around unnoticed, Wax doesn’t buy
+QOmo8c57uO8-00188-00066123-00066223 it.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00189-00066223-00066514 Speaking of Wax, he still has his duralumin spike.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00190-00066514-00067115 It’s incredible to me that this book has taken hemalurgy - which was previously exclusively
+QOmo8c57uO8-00191-00067115-00067687 gruesome and evil - and turned it into something more plausible, even laudable in some.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00192-00067687-00068110 I love that Marsh intervened to get Vin’s statue accurate.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00193-00068110-00068827 Khriss’ essay “On Spikes and Compounding” is FASCINATING and really just needs to be
+QOmo8c57uO8-00194-00068827-00068927 read.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00195-00068927-00069470 She interviewed Marsh, the image of Ironeyes as Death is apparently spreading through the
+QOmo8c57uO8-00196-00069470-00069915 Cosmere, and apparently you can’t Compound via hemalurgy in Era 2 - something that I’m
+QOmo8c57uO8-00197-00069915-00070207 sure will get figured out in the future, for good or ill.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00198-00070207-00070413 Oh, and the actual “Lost Metal?”
+QOmo8c57uO8-00199-00070413-00070934 Well, turns out it could be either Atium or Lerasium, considering Wax managed to make
+QOmo8c57uO8-00200-00070934-00071089 tiny bits of both.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00201-00071089-00071582 While we’re here, I recently found a connection for Mistborn to Threnody and Roshar: Brandon
+QOmo8c57uO8-00202-00071582-00071716 isn’t known for his retcons.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00203-00071716-00072288 In fact, he’s done so few - the additions to Elantris and Kaladin sparing Szeth in Words
+QOmo8c57uO8-00204-00072288-00072582 of Radiance, that I assumed there were no others.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00205-00072582-00072757 Well I was WRONG!
+QOmo8c57uO8-00206-00072757-00073425 In my - uh - this edition of Hero of Ages, Vin goes and meets Slowswift - who is an homage
+QOmo8c57uO8-00207-00073425-00073569 to JRR Tolkien himself.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00208-00073569-00074069 He talks to her about stories “Longtales, some call them - whispering of mistwraiths,
+QOmo8c57uO8-00209-00074069-00074293 sprites, and brollins and such.”
+QOmo8c57uO8-00210-00074293-00074414 Nothing too suspicious.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00211-00074414-00074990 Sprites are a generic term, and Brandon has confirmed that brollins are just a local myth.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00212-00074990-00075585 But in the 10th Anniversary edition - this one - he says “mistwraiths, shades, spren,
+QOmo8c57uO8-00213-00075585-00075701 and brollins.”
+QOmo8c57uO8-00214-00075701-00075931 Slowswift seems to be cosmere aware.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00215-00075931-00076169 I mean, it’s freaking Tolkien, of course he is!
+QOmo8c57uO8-00216-00076169-00076305 Thank you for watching!
+QOmo8c57uO8-00217-00076305-00076691 Huge thank you to the incredible artists that gave me permission to share their art!
+QOmo8c57uO8-00218-00076691-00076951 You can support them at the links in the description.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00219-00076951-00077348 Speaking of support, please consider supporting me on Patreon!
+QOmo8c57uO8-00220-00077348-00077907 Then you too can see your name up in lights, and get special shoutouts like my man Doug!
+QOmo8c57uO8-00221-00077907-00078276 Or even special-er shoutouts like CHRIS!!!
+QOmo8c57uO8-00222-00078276-00078458 You deserve all the love.
+QOmo8c57uO8-00223-00078458-00080601 Life Before Death, Strength Before Weakness, Reading before Finding Out.
+QOp3gndYNrA-00000-00000000-00001436 art bit little sand of beach castle
+QRkiIADlIUU-00000-00000000-00000408 Hey it's me Jet! and welcome to a quick little video hopefully it's
+QRkiIADlIUU-00001-00000408-00000630 quicker this video is longer than two minutes I'm going to
+QRkiIADlIUU-00002-00000827-00001542 sweater gone I just wanted to quickly explain why are videos taking so long what the [__] [Music]
+QRkiIADlIUU-00003-00002526-00003144 so to start this uh little update video I guess you could call it I guess I'll explain that it
+QRkiIADlIUU-00004-00003144-00003600 wasn't really my fault technically it's always my fault because it's my channel when videos don't
+QRkiIADlIUU-00005-00003600-00004152 go up but let me explain if you aren't aware I've been working with a marketing company for
+QRkiIADlIUU-00006-00004152-00004620 a little while now that's why I have a few of my videos are getting more views than usual it's very
+QRkiIADlIUU-00007-00004620-00005214 nice I'm liking actually getting more attention for hard work than I probably deserve but people
+QRkiIADlIUU-00008-00005214-00005616 keep saying I'm a really good content creator so I can't be mad also can we talk about this
+QRkiIADlIUU-00009-00005616-00006072 fan art I got made for me recently thank you to Ash I appreciate that so what is happening with
+QRkiIADlIUU-00010-00006072-00006354 the videos why was it a week where there wasn't even though Contracting album will
+QRkiIADlIUU-00011-00006354-00006809 get it to get one video out of me okay let me explain that wasn't exactly my fault I was told
+QRkiIADlIUU-00012-00006809-00007206 that I didn't need to worry about it and that the video file was gonna go up no matter what
+QRkiIADlIUU-00013-00007272-00007794 that's literally what I was told that all you need to do was the title and then it was
+QRkiIADlIUU-00014-00007794-00008286 going to be told but behind the scenes a lot of things happened to do with video editors because
+QRkiIADlIUU-00015-00008286-00008658 currently if you want to wear we're trying to get a certain amount of video editors so we
+QRkiIADlIUU-00016-00008658-00009096 can guarantee four videos a month sometimes more hopefully more but four videos a month is going
+QRkiIADlIUU-00017-00009096-00009660 to be like the the thing that we want because we want one video a week more or less I am editors
+QRkiIADlIUU-00018-00009660-00010242 have been a major pain in my ass just in general I I don't understand what's going on with them
+QRkiIADlIUU-00019-00010242-00010722 I really really don't because so many of these editors we've gone through five by the way happy
+QRkiIADlIUU-00020-00010722-00011298 angel approaches them on my behalf and they'll say hey can you great videos similar to our client
+QRkiIADlIUU-00021-00011298-00011664 here and edit out this video for us and then all they really have to do is watch my channel because
+QRkiIADlIUU-00022-00011664-00012066 they get multiple videos of mine and happy Angels done this amazing breakdown they have literally
+QRkiIADlIUU-00023-00012066-00012540 all all of my resources that I use my videos including the music the funny clips a lot of the
+QRkiIADlIUU-00024-00012540-00013091 green screen stuff all over the animations so they have everything they go yeah I can do that that's
+QRkiIADlIUU-00025-00013091-00013584 that wouldn't even be a problem and then one five one to five days ago later right and then you're
+QRkiIADlIUU-00026-00013584-00014190 like oh man finally we got the video and you've watched it and it's crap the video just sucks
+QRkiIADlIUU-00027-00014190-00014646 and I go I'm not putting this on my channel this is terrible and then happy angel has to say to
+QRkiIADlIUU-00028-00014646-00015066 them is this is this something that can be revised is there something you can improve upon this and
+QRkiIADlIUU-00029-00015066-00015600 most of the time I'll go no they've edited this just wrong they don't know what they're doing
+QRkiIADlIUU-00030-00015678-00016206 it has literally turned to me to go I would rather teach someone how to edit who is funny than just
+QRkiIADlIUU-00031-00016206-00016602 find a person who understands how to use the program and the effects and give it to them
+QRkiIADlIUU-00032-00016602-00017022 because what I've learned is pretty simple just because you know how to use the effects does not
+QRkiIADlIUU-00033-00017022-00017502 make you a decent editor in fact it doesn't make you anything because if you're not funny then you
+QRkiIADlIUU-00034-00017502-00017964 can't edit well you can't create a video being an artist isn't just being able to create the stuff
+QRkiIADlIUU-00035-00017964-00018474 it's about having the vision if you're not a good video editor you don't have the vision and the
+QRkiIADlIUU-00036-00018474-00018960 vision is what makes the good video a good video editor can take the most boring footage out there
+QRkiIADlIUU-00037-00018960-00019422 literally two hours of me making no noise ever and they would be able to turn it into the funniest
+QRkiIADlIUU-00038-00019422-00019902 video based on my Grunts and facial features alone and nothing else that is the true editor
+QRkiIADlIUU-00039-00019902-00020346 test right there but they couldn't even do that and the video footage I gave them was an awful
+QRkiIADlIUU-00040-00020442-00020928 awful long so it annoys the crap out of handed it to five different editors and they haven't
+QRkiIADlIUU-00041-00020928-00021528 been able to do anything no one's even gotten close and that pisses me off beyond all bounce if
+QRkiIADlIUU-00042-00021528-00021912 you're annoyed of videos aren't coming out trust me I'm more annoyed because I'm also working at
+QRkiIADlIUU-00043-00021912-00022428 the same time and creating decent content while these people take five days longer than I do and
+QRkiIADlIUU-00044-00022428-00023004 the video sucks so it's a major issue because one we have artists we have everything going on behind
+QRkiIADlIUU-00045-00023004-00023454 the scenes because we want the ball rolling so I can work on other stuff not just videos because
+QRkiIADlIUU-00046-00023454-00023820 if I could work on video ideas the videos that are coming are going to be much better the idea
+QRkiIADlIUU-00047-00023820-00024336 along the line is just hey once we get this ball moving we're gonna be sorted and that's the idea
+QRkiIADlIUU-00048-00024336-00024864 right now so bear with the channel at the moment it's gonna be a bit of a rocky road all I can
+QRkiIADlIUU-00049-00024864-00025428 say is until we can get two three decent venue editors we're gonna be in a bit of a mess here
+QRkiIADlIUU-00050-00025506-00026094 because it seems to me that finding editors is one of the hardest things you can do I don't know why
+QRkiIADlIUU-00051-00026094-00026610 I really don't video editor should be pretty easy to come across but it seems like finding a video
+QRkiIADlIUU-00052-00026610-00027150 editor with actual decent humor and understanding how to make a good video is just impossible
+QRkiIADlIUU-00053-00027300-00027630 and you could say oh maybe you're not giving them enough resource maybe not doing this I
+QRkiIADlIUU-00054-00027630-00028182 give them them so much it is not a fault on me or happy angel interactive end it is 100 on them
+QRkiIADlIUU-00055-00028182-00028733 because I have given all of them when they send me a video every single time I record a video on
+QRkiIADlIUU-00056-00028733-00029202 myself going through everything I don't like with it and how I would fix it and somehow they still
+QRkiIADlIUU-00057-00029202-00029904 [__] it up [Music] it's going to the point that currently I'm working my friend seven he's trying
+QRkiIADlIUU-00058-00029904-00030288 to edit for me and honestly that's that's really great because Sev has a really good sense of humor
+QRkiIADlIUU-00059-00030288-00030768 so teaching him any editing stuff is is basically just that's the easy part I can show someone how
+QRkiIADlIUU-00060-00030768-00031152 to edit and he knows how to edit a little bit so it's working we've got a couple more editors that
+QRkiIADlIUU-00061-00031152-00031686 we're trying out but just be aware that yes videos are supposed to be once a week but if they aren't
+QRkiIADlIUU-00062-00031686-00032130 something is just going on in the bottom line and it has nothing to do with me but I am working as
+QRkiIADlIUU-00063-00032130-00032652 hard as I can to get really high quality videos out weekly that's all you need to know but I will
+QRkiIADlIUU-00064-00032652-00033048 be better in the future uh if I get told that I don't need to worry about it I'm still going
+QRkiIADlIUU-00065-00033048-00033576 to worry about it a little bit and probably just make a video just in case in saying that though
+QRkiIADlIUU-00066-00033684-00034020 a lot of the time I'm working as hard as I can I promise I
+QRkiIADlIUU-00067-00034254-00034632 I love you all so very much and I hope you all can understand that there might be a
+QRkiIADlIUU-00068-00034632-00035016 little rockiness of the channel at the moment but eventually once the ball's rolling it's
+QRkiIADlIUU-00069-00035016-00035574 going to be a billion times better thank you all for watching I do appreciate that I'm angry and
+QRkiIADlIUU-00070-00035574-00036276 I hope to see you all next time shout out to the patreons models beam and the anxiety Ranger Chaz
+QRkiIADlIUU-00071-00036276-00036636 like the video if you liked it dislike the video If you dislike it subscribe to the Bell to join
+QRkiIADlIUU-00072-00036636-00037254 jettos just as two days subscribe to my patreon to support me in a giant way I follow my twitch
+QRkiIADlIUU-00073-00037254-00037866 so you can watch me play but as usual make sure all of you have a good rest of your day
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00000-00029083-00029380 pwd
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00001-00030510-00030810 ls -l
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00002-00031795-00032089 touch myfile.txt
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00003-00033156-00033448 ls -l
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00004-00034438-00034738 nano myfile.txt
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00005-00035704-00035974 The quick brown fox
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00006-00035974-00036270 jumps over the lazy dog.
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00007-00036630-00036816 ctrl + x
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00008-00036816-00036866 y
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00009-00036866-00036952 Return
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00010-00037500-00037800 cat myfile.txt
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00011-00038802-00039100 mkdir documents
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00012-00040356-00040654 ls --color
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00013-00041472-00041768 mv myfile.txt documents
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00014-00043390-00043688 ls --color
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00015-00044816-00045116 cd documents
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00016-00045992-00046180 pwd
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00017-00046206-00046456 ls -l
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00018-00047024-00047324 rm myfile.txt
+QSP_lX5nxFI-00019-00048048-00048344 ls -l
+QVPKcKC18CE-00000-00000361-00000802 KI6EEO
+QVPKcKC18CE-00001-00000802-00001079 and UT4UFA
+QVPKcKC18CE-00002-00001079-00001402 make hand made antenna
+QVPKcKC18CE-00003-00001402-00001805 weekend in city Kiev
+QVPKcKC18CE-00004-00001805-00002090 today we a make antenna
+QVPKcKC18CE-00005-00002090-00002501 it is the classical antenna
+QVPKcKC18CE-00006-00002501-00002756 Inverted vee
+QVPKcKC18CE-00007-00002756-00003200 this this our place
+QVPKcKC18CE-00010-00003702-00004402 improvised workplace)))
+QVPKcKC18CE-00011-00004819-00004980 tools
+QVPKcKC18CE-00012-00004980-00005255 an all needed
+QVPKcKC18CE-00013-00005255-00005767 for radio weekend
+QVPKcKC18CE-00014-00005767-00006157 tired)))  does not do a simple a make antenna
+QVPKcKC18CE-00015-00006157-00006515 I am ready to continue make antenna
+QVPKcKC18CE-00016-00006515-00006640 ok
+QVPKcKC18CE-00017-00006640-00006792 now there will be the most interesting
+QVPKcKC18CE-00018-00006792-00006916 need
+QVPKcKC18CE-00019-00006916-00007233 hang the antenna in this
+QVPKcKC18CE-00020-00007233-00007500 or this
+QVPKcKC18CE-00021-00007590-00007790 for this, we need this rope?
+QVPKcKC18CE-00022-00007800-00008100 for this need this
+QVPKcKC18CE-00023-00008800-00009100 we will try to ...
+QVPKcKC18CE-00024-00009200-00009600 Now we will need insulation from the lan cable
+QVPKcKC18CE-00025-00010500-00010920 need to determine where to go will be the antenna radiation
+QVPKcKC18CE-00026-00010920-00011071 it is very important
+QVPKcKC18CE-00027-00011071-00011363 Well this place better know You
+QVPKcKC18CE-00028-00011363-00011557 OK Let us throwing ropes
+QVPKcKC18CE-00029-00011557-00011695 to be continued see part 2
+QW0XDhnRf68-00000-00000600-00000974 Have you ever felt lost in the countryside?
+QW0XDhnRf68-00001-00001350-00002000 Or have not you go to know a new place you like for fear of getting lost?
+QW0XDhnRf68-00002-00003620-00004058 We will learn how to go to the countryside orienting ourselves with a map and a compass.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00003-00004058-00004320 First, we should know where we are.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00004-00004620-00005000 Then, we will look for the North with the magnetized needle of the compass.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00005-00005000-00005680 We will align the North of the map with the North of the compass and so we will have the map oriented.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00006-00005680-00006000 And with the map oriented, everything fits much better, does not it?
+QW0XDhnRf68-00007-00006080-00006300 Now I want to go from this point to this other.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00008-00006480-00006940 I place the compass on the map with the direction of travel arrow pointing the way I want to take,
+QW0XDhnRf68-00009-00006959-00007520 then I turn the graduated compass dial so that the orienting lines are facing North,
+QW0XDhnRf68-00010-00007550-00007959 parallel to the grid of the map, which in Spain always face the North.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00011-00007959-00008630 Spinning on myself, I will match the arrow of the compass dial with the magnetized needle,
+QW0XDhnRf68-00012-00008630-00009100 and I will proceed in the direction indicated by the bearing at the travel arrow.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00013-00009260-00010000 When we start to walk, it is better to check the map often, especially at each junctions,
+QW0XDhnRf68-00014-00010000-00010280 although some may not come out the map,
+QW0XDhnRf68-00015-00010280-00010790 do not forget that the map is a simplified representation of the territory,
+QW0XDhnRf68-00016-00010790-00011300 logically the territory is much more complex than a map.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00017-00011360-00011640 To check that we are going where we want to go,
+QW0XDhnRf68-00018-00011640-00012460 it is useful to check the roads and their crossings but also look if we go up or down the road,
+QW0XDhnRf68-00019-00012460-00013169 if we have passed through a valley, a hill or high part, elements such as buildings or springs that we have nearby,
+QW0XDhnRf68-00020-00013169-00013650 high voltage networks, if they are on the "good" side of the road,
+QW0XDhnRf68-00021-00013650-00014140 therefore, it is convenient to get familiar with the map symbols.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00022-00014219-00015060 However, if we do not get on well with my friends the map and the compass, we will always have the apps.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00023-00015080-00015280 You should have said that before!
+QW0XDhnRf68-00024-00015280-00016000 You can use the app "Mapas de España" which is very good to go out into the countryside and not get lost, although there are others.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00025-00016000-00016460 We will load the track that we have previously downloaded from a webpage of routes,
+QW0XDhnRf68-00026-00016460-00016954 like the CNIG Download Centre, or that a friend has sent us.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00027-00016954-00017260 We will connect the GPS of our mobile.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00028-00017260-00017860 We recommend putting it in the “only GPS” mode so you do not waste data and save battery.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00029-00017860-00018440 And if the route is going to be long, better put it in “plane” mode to optimize battery expenditure.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00030-00018440-00019100 To prevent the lack of coverage, it is also convenient to download the map previously
+QW0XDhnRf68-00031-00019100-00019373 so that it is available offline.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00032-00019600-00019900 And it is time to follow the route that we have loaded.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00033-00023100-00023800 And now, enjoy your natural environment, but remember, be very respectful with animals, plants and rocks.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00034-00023820-00024480 Do not take or leave anything and always carry with you a plastic bag in which you can throw your trash.
+QW0XDhnRf68-00035-00024480-00024800 Do not leave any trace but your track!
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00000-00000225-00000610 Environmental Scientists work with industry and government to create solutions to some
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00001-00000610-00000928 of the most pressing problems facing our society.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00002-00000928-00001657 We've created specialisations where students can focus their interest.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00003-00001657-00002252 These range from specialisations that focus on policy and resource sustainability strategies
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00004-00002252-00002726 through to technically orientated specialisations focused around environmental rehabilitation
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00005-00002726-00002826 and monitoring.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00006-00002826-00003300 Having a Master's degree gives students the technical expertise to take on more senior
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00007-00003300-00003582 leadership roles within their fields of expertise.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00008-00003582-00003979 The Master of Environmental Science gives students an opportunity to delve deeper into
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00009-00003979-00004536 a range of disciplines and then integrate these so they can have impact on policy and
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00010-00004536-00004736 management.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00011-00004736-00005273 The aspect that I enjoy the most of the course is the flexibility and the selection of units
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00012-00005273-00005528 that allow me to pursue my interests.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00013-00005528-00006139 The industry is increasingly looking for graduates that have experience in data collection and
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00014-00006139-00006642 analysis and experience in advanced techniques for environmental restoration.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00015-00006642-00007115 The environmental science industry is important because with time there is increasing disturbance
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00016-00007115-00007320 caused by development and so on.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00017-00007320-00007629 And we need more people to help repair that disturbance.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00018-00007629-00007928 And we need new solutions to these problems.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00019-00007928-00008492 It is really important for our Environmental Science students that they go in the field
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00020-00008492-00009093 where they learn about restoration of habitats from hands-on experience.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00021-00009093-00009440 I've always had a passion for animals and nature in general.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00022-00009440-00009636 I really enjoy just working outside.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00023-00009636-00010025 We have so much variety here in Australia and in Western Australia in particular as
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00024-00010025-00010125 well.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00025-00010125-00010265 I'm actually doing what I really enjoy.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00026-00010265-00010849 What I like most about studying the Master of Environmental Science is getting the tools
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00027-00010849-00011404 and technical concepts to promote sustainable solutions for our cities.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00028-00011404-00011784 Western Australia is a really great place to study the effects of climate change, particularly
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00029-00011784-00012281 in the south-west, it's a global biodiversity hot spot and it has a really strong climate
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00030-00012281-00012680 signal as well, so it makes it a really good case study for climate change.
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00031-00012680-00013222 It not only gives me knowledge and technical skills that I need to start my career but
+QWUjQdoWGAy-00032-00013222-00013631 also I learn a lot of skills that are useful throughout my life. 
+QaGjfCeHp0y-00000-00000000-00000864 Simon: I'm about to get a 100 subscribers, so may you please place your comments for my 100 subscriber special in the comment section bellow.
+QaGjfCeHp0y-00001-00000864-00000961 Simon: Thank you.
+Qd_FATjJSmA-00000-00000090-00000352 How to catch grass carp
+Qd_FATjJSmA-00001-00000658-00001076 Fishing for grass carp
+QgPlC-oReCY-00000-00000760-00001028 kio) Hello, everyone. I'm Kio.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00001-00001028-00001176 sister) What day is there next week?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00002-00001176-00001470 kio) Next week?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00003-00001474-00001694 kio) That day is Parents' Day.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00004-00001702-00002688 kio) I've given my parents many gifts on Parents' Day, but I have nothing more to do.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00005-00002696-00003178 kio) So I'm going to make a Parents' Day cake today.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00006-00003210-00003602 kio) I'll mak it very simple.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00007-00003610-00003860 sister) Like a cake that you can decorate and finish?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00008-00004046-00004176 kio) Let's get start.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00009-00004176-00004376 kio)The ingredients for the cake.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00010-00004386-00004586 kio) First, most important
+QgPlC-oReCY-00011-00004602-00004998 kio) I need a cupcake.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00012-00005016-00005538 kio) I was going to have a cupcake, but I couldn't get the right one, so I replaced it with another one.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00013-00005542-00005886 sister) Our goal is to eat finger food.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00014-00005906-00006348 sister) I was planning to make a cake that I ate one by one.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00015-00006348-00006502 kio) Cream cheese
+QgPlC-oReCY-00016-00006504-00006916 kio) I need cream cheese to put on the bread.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00017-00007028-00007164 whipped cream
+QgPlC-oReCY-00018-00007195-00007295 Sugar
+QgPlC-oReCY-00019-00007494-00007616 sister) Must it be white sugar?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00020-00007620-00007784 kio) I like white sugar.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00021-00007840-00007978 Lemon
+QgPlC-oReCY-00022-00007978-00008168 kio) I need only one lemon.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00023-00008168-00008386 kio) We bought a lot to make lemonade.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00024-00008424-00008532 A large bowl.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00025-00008810-00009064 Edible pigment.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00026-00009172-00009898 kio) It's a variety of food pigments I bought to take macaron.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00027-00010262-00010494 Bubble machine
+QgPlC-oReCY-00028-00010494-00010806 kio) You can do it with your hands.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00029-00010806-00011052 sister) You need your hands and strength to do it.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00030-00011434-00011534 sister) What's this?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00031-00011858-00012076 sister) Why do you have so much material?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00032-00012132-00012572 Lots of equipment and no making.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00033-00013394-00013626 360g cream cheese
+QgPlC-oReCY-00034-00014516-00014712 1 cup of sugar
+QgPlC-oReCY-00035-00016047-00016286 250 ml whipped cream
+QgPlC-oReCY-00036-00018256-00018456 Whip until viscosity is formed, like horn shape.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00037-00018602-00018672 sister) Horn.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00038-00018872-00018936 sister) Horn.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00039-00019174-00019230 sister) Horn.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00040-00019230-00019304 kio) Stop.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00041-00019396-00019728 kio) Whip until viscosity is formed, like horn shape.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00042-00019760-00020058 kio) I cut the lemon in half.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00043-00020058-00020176 kio) Please show us.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00044-00020210-00020816 kio)  I looked at the other video, but I only put in half a lemon.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00045-00020816-00020960 kio) But, we're going to put in a whole lemon.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00046-00020960-00021226 kio)  Let's get the seeds out.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00047-00021226-00021418 sister) I love the smell of lemon.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00048-00021418-00021612 sister) Will this smell come from this video?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00049-00021612-00021846 kio) No, please wake up.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00050-00021916-00022012 sister) Did you wash your hands?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00051-00022012-00022262 kio) Of course I did. I cleaned the lemon.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00052-00022424-00022580 kio) You can't get the seeds in here.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00053-00022580-00022780 sister) Thor!
+QgPlC-oReCY-00054-00023072-00023338 kio) Please take the seeds out quickly.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00055-00024504-00024748 sister) What's that? Stop putting the seeds in.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00056-00024748-00024896 kio) I think I'm strong.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00057-00024970-00025170 sister) Why do you say something to me?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00058-00025170-00025290 kio) Sorry.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00059-00026430-00026612 Lemon Seed Out .
+QgPlC-oReCY-00060-00028018-00028408 I'm going to split it up a little bit and color it.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00061-00029148-00029348 Add pigments and mix.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00062-00030092-00030388 kio) I'm going to put it in the forecing bag.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00063-00033558-00033658 kio)  Not pretty.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00064-00033960-00034236 kio) I'm going to decorate the cupcakes with this.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00065-00034268-00034816 kio) It's a box of cakes I bought in advance.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00066-00035128-00035376 kio) Please assemble the cake box.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00067-00036270-00036370 kio) It's done.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00068-00036488-00036768 sister) I think we need to find out how many are in the cake plate.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00069-00036768-00037094 kio) Let's set it up on the cake plate.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00070-00037658-00037810 kio) Shall we start after eating?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00071-00037856-00037944 sister)  It sounds good.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00072-00038198-00038454 kio) Let's start with the taste test.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00073-00039202-00039416 kio) A sudden meal time .
+QgPlC-oReCY-00074-00039690-00040032 Actually, it's almost over.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00075-00040032-00040188 kio) That's right. Just decorate it and it's over.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00076-00040188-00040420 kio) But it's hard to decorate.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00077-00040684-00040742 sister) Stop.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00078-00040804-00040952 kio) Apply whipped cream to other places, too.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00079-00040952-00041232 kio) That's the way to apply it.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00080-00041232-00041414 sister) You said you'd build it on the second floor.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00081-00041440-00041748 Uncommunicated.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00082-00042002-00042810 Fighting each other.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00083-00042810-00043010 sister) You want me to put on all the cream?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00084-00043048-00043222 kio)  That's it.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00085-00043222-00043466 kio) You should have done this from the beginning.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00086-00043466-00043614 sister) That's very annoying.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00087-00043832-00044006 kio) Put more cream on this.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00088-00044020-00044300 sister) If you put on a lot of whipped cream, you will feel it.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00089-00044522-00044794 A game won by a loud voice.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00090-00044936-00045128 sister)  We're going to make flowers on the cake.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00091-00045128-00045324 kio) It's really annoying.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00092-00045324-00045614 kio) I'm going crazy.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00093-00045662-00045828 kio) If you're going to do this, you're someone else's sister.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00094-00045846-00046034 kio)  I don't need a sister like this.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00095-00046110-00046550 Continuing fighting.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00096-00046572-00047338 sister) I hate thick cream when I eat cake.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00097-00047340-00047496 kio) That way, the cake will be pretty.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00098-00047496-00047630 sister) It's greasy. No.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00099-00047630-00048116 kio) Please, I'll ask you. I want to make it pretty.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00100-00048374-00048604 Apply base cream.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00101-00049898-00050014 sister) I'm doomed.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00102-00050014-00050168 kio) No, it's okay.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00103-00050168-00050386 kio) It's okay. Don't worry. Keep going.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00104-00050702-00051106 kio) It's a gift or trash.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00105-00051282-00051558 kio) Don't forget you. This is a gift.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00106-00051717-00052010 sister) Why should I give you a spoiled cake as a present?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00107-00052028-00052174 sister) Green is prettier. Let's give it as a gift.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00108-00052254-00052496 kio) Get rid of the spoiled cake first.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00109-00052496-00052682 kio) But I don't think I'm spoiled.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00110-00053660-00053924 kio)  It's very pretty.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00111-00053948-00054108 kio) It doesn't look delicious.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00112-00054276-00054424 sister) I'm going to make a flower shape.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00113-00054548-00054676 kio) It's weird.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00114-00054782-00054946 sister) This is the way flowers are.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00115-00054984-00055120 kio) You really don't have an answer.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00116-00056138-00056238 sister) How do you like it?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00117-00056358-00056629 kio) It's pretty. It's like carnations!
+QgPlC-oReCY-00118-00058128-00058298 But kio...
+QgPlC-oReCY-00119-00058528-00058628 sister) It's rough.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00120-00058748-00058958 kio) It's a vintage concept.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00121-00060382-00060748 kio) Everyone, this is my cupcake.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00122-00060798-00061067 kio) alien brain cupcakes.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00123-00061167-00061366 sister) Why did you change the concept?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00124-00061366-00061534 kio) It's my decision.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00125-00061534-00061682 sister) Good job.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00126-00061932-00062279 sister) Like a cupcake made by a child.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00127-00062572-00062704 kio) Completing the cupcake.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00128-00063505-00063722 kio) You're really good.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00129-00064020-00064578 In the middle of a lecture.....
+QgPlC-oReCY-00130-00065528-00065776 kio) I don't like these leaves
+QgPlC-oReCY-00131-00066266-00066494 kio) That's right!
+QgPlC-oReCY-00132-00066578-00066752 kio) Completion.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00133-00067040-00067270 You can pick them up and eat them one by one.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00134-00067276-00067940 kio) I'll deliver it to my grandmother tomorrow.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00135-00068218-00068588 kio) I'm going to eat this with my family.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00136-00068740-00068944 kio) It's special,
+QgPlC-oReCY-00137-00068964-00069110 kio) and it's boring.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00138-00069238-00069520 sister) Don't be ridiculous.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00139-00069530-00069872 kio) Mine is so pretty.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00140-00070714-00070874 kio) The end of cooking.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00141-00071022-00071138 sister) How do you feel?
+QgPlC-oReCY-00142-00071176-00071276 kio) It's so hard.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00143-00071308-00071544 kio) Baking is never an easy task.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00144-00072172-00072482 sister) I'm going to wrap it up now.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00145-00072550-00072850 kio) I'm going to buy some flowers.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00146-00073714-00074144 sister) I'll take a picture of you cleaning.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00147-00074548-00074706 kio) Turn it off quickly.
+QgPlC-oReCY-00148-00074778-00074918 kio) bye!!
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00000-00000001-00000200 Mark: Okay, we're gonna take a look
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00001-00000200-00000303 at hypothetical reasoning right now.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00002-00000303-00000503 This is used, certainly, by scientists.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00003-00000503-00000800 It really got the scientific revolution movement forward.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00004-00000800-00001005 But it's used by people way outside of science.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00005-00001005-00001303 Even a lot of thinkers will try to deal with this.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00006-00001303-00001408 Where you use hypothetical reasoning primarily
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00007-00001408-00001606 is when you have a puzzling phenomenon,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00008-00001606-00001807 and you can't look right then and there
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00009-00001807-00002005 to see what the answer would be.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00010-00002005-00002303 If I see a bunch of pollution coming down a stream,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00011-00002303-00002506 and I wanna find out what's causing the pollution,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00012-00002506-00002705 all I have to do is look.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00013-00002705-00003103 If I look up 50 feet and see a giant pipe out of a factory
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00014-00003103-00003304 dumpin' a bunch of blue goo in there,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00015-00003304-00003407 I've answered the question.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00016-00003407-00003605 I don't need any highfalutin hypothetical reasoning.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00017-00003605-00003808 But sometimes, what caused the puzzling phenomena
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00018-00003808-00004004 happened in the past,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00019-00004004-00004302 and we can't go back in time and figure it out.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00020-00004302-00004506 Or maybe what's causing this puzzling phenomena
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00021-00004506-00004705 is happening outside our ability to see.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00022-00004705-00005001 Maybe it's happening on another planet or something like that.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00023-00005001-00005107 So, uh...we'll talk here with Paul.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00024-00005107-00005405 Paul, do you want me to throw a situation by you,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00025-00005405-00005609 and you tell me what you think about this?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00026-00005609-00005709 Paul: Okay.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00027-00005709-00006008 Mark: Okay, let's, uh... if I was to ask the question,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00028-00006008-00006201 what killed the dinosaurs?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00029-00006201-00006501 Dinosaurs apparently kinda died out pretty fast--
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00030-00006501-00006606 geologically speaking, I guess.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00031-00006606-00006806 What might be a plausible hypothesis
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00032-00006806-00007106 that would make sense to at least some people?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00033-00007106-00007208 Paul: Uh...the Flintstones?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00034-00007208-00007408 Mark: Make sense to the Flintstones?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00035-00007408-00007508 [laughing]
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00036-00007508-00007704 Paul: The Flintstones killed 'em off.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00037-00007704-00007900 Mark: The Flintstones killed 'em off.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00038-00007900-00008000 Paul: No?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00039-00008000-00008106 Mark: Well...uh...that'd be a tough one.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00040-00008106-00008303 Paul: That's not a good answer.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00041-00008303-00008409 That's not a serious answer.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00042-00008409-00008708 Um...well, the...of course, the commonly accepted...
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00043-00008708-00009008 the widely accepted theory now is that a meteorite...
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00044-00009008-00009108 Mark: Okay.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00045-00009108-00009309 Paul: Fell...crashed into the earth,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00046-00009309-00009702 and uh...led to the extinction of the dinosaurs.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00047-00009702-00009906 Mark: Okay, well, let's flush it out a bit.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00048-00009906-00010100 Paul: That's my hypothesis.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00049-00010100-00010208 Mark: A meteorite crashes into the earth
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00050-00010208-00010406 and maybe causes a big dust cloud.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00051-00010406-00010604 It could've even landed in the ocean.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00052-00010604-00010802 It's gonna cause a dust cloud anyway,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00053-00010802-00011000 'cause if a meteorite crashes in there,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00054-00011000-00011300 it's still gonna throw dust up from the bottom of the ocean.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00055-00011300-00011502 Blanketing the earth, to some degree, blocking sun.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00056-00011502-00011605 Plants die off quickly.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00057-00011605-00011708 Dinosaurs starve to death.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00058-00011708-00012006 I'm not saying this is a good or bad hypothesis,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00059-00012006-00012109 but it's an hypothesis.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00060-00012109-00012500 And the way hypothetical, um...reasoning works,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00061-00012500-00012705 you have a puzzling phenomena.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00062-00012705-00012907 You try to come up with a hypothesis
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00063-00012907-00013105 that would make some kind of sense.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00064-00013105-00013300 You can't test that hypothesis directly.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00065-00013300-00013406 I can't go back in time
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00066-00013406-00013607 and see if that meteorite hit the earth.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00067-00013607-00013805 Paul: They do it in the movies.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00068-00013805-00014109 Mark: They do it in the movies, but we can't do it here.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00069-00014109-00014304 So what we need to do
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00070-00014304-00014502 is draw an implication from that hypothesis.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00071-00014502-00014705 The implication needs to be something I can test,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00072-00014705-00015001 and it really does follow, for all intents and purposes,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00073-00015001-00015107 with necessity from the hypothesis.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00074-00015107-00015308 Paul: So an implication from the hypothesis
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00075-00015308-00015506 would be something the hypothesis predicts,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00076-00015506-00015803 and if we're going to be in a scientific context,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00077-00015803-00016003 it needs to be an observable...
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00078-00016003-00016103 Mark: Yes.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00079-00016103-00016203 Paul: Uh...prediction.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00080-00016203-00016404 Mark: Yeah...so if that hypothesis is true,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00081-00016404-00016607 then this implication really needs to be.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00082-00016607-00016804 So we gotta ask ourselves...
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00083-00016804-00017103 and this is what thoughtful, sharp scientists need to do.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00084-00017103-00017500 If my hypothesis is true, then, what would be the case
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00085-00017500-00017702 that I could go out and find?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00086-00017702-00017905 So if this meteorite did hit, what would we...
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00087-00017905-00018201 what could we be confident would have to be true?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00088-00018201-00018305 That we could actually...
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00089-00018305-00018505 Paul: In other words, what does it predict?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00090-00018505-00018702 Mark: What does it predict?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00091-00018702-00018802 Paul: That's observable.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00092-00018802-00019306 Well, it predicts, uh...that if we, uh...were to look
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00093-00019306-00019600 at spots all over the world,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00094-00019600-00019904 we would find the remains of a layer of dust.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00095-00019904-00020004 Mark: Okay.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00096-00020004-00020107 Paul: That blanketed the earth,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00097-00020107-00020408 and it would have to be at the time of the extinction.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00098-00020408-00020606 Now, was that 65 million years ago?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00099-00020606-00020802 Mark: I don't even know.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00100-00020802-00020902 Paul: Yeah, sometime.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00101-00020902-00021002 Mark: Sometime.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00102-00021002-00021302 Paul: But...it would have to be a particular, uh...cloud...
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00103-00021302-00021606 layer of dust that we can find by observation.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00104-00021606-00021706 Mark: Okay.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00105-00021706-00021909 Paul: It would have to have certain special features.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00106-00021909-00022103 I'm sure that the scientists
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00107-00022103-00022208 will tell you the certain features
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00108-00022208-00022403 that layer would have to have.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00109-00022403-00022704 Mark: They would at least need to see a layer of dust.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00110-00022704-00022902 Now, granted, this is a four-minute video,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00111-00022902-00023103 so we're cutting things a little loosely here.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00112-00023103-00023308 Paul: You're not gonna get your Ph.D. off this video.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00113-00023308-00023702 Mark: If the hypothesis is true, there would be a layer of dust.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00114-00023702-00023807 It might be a little convoluted
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00115-00023807-00024003 with a little plate tectonic motion,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00116-00024003-00024204 but we're gonna see a layer of dust.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00117-00024204-00024307 Paul: If we observe.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00118-00024307-00024500 Mark: Now, let's observe.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00119-00024500-00024608 We're gonna hire some underpaid grad students
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00120-00024608-00024804 to go wander around the world.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00121-00024804-00025008 We'll give 'em shovels, and we're gonna say dig.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00122-00025008-00025209 And they'll dig holes all over the place.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00123-00025209-00025408 One of two things is gonna happen.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00124-00025408-00025609 Let's say they dig, and they all see
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00125-00025609-00026000 this kind of uniform layer of dust all around the earth.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00126-00026000-00026203 What would that tell us about the hypothesis?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00127-00026203-00026508 Paul: So in that case, we've got a hypothesis.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00128-00026508-00026904 We've derived a prediction from the hypothesis,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00129-00026904-00027403 and the prediction is an observable phenomenon.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00130-00027403-00027702 The phenomenon has been discovered,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00131-00027702-00027906 so the prediction has come true.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00132-00027906-00028400 And we say, then, that the hypothesis has been confirmed.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00133-00028400-00028606 Now, when we say the hypothesis is confirmed,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00134-00028606-00028903 that doesn't mean that it must be true.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00135-00028903-00029308 It just means that it...that the evidence makes it likelier
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00136-00029308-00029604 than before we considered the evidence.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00137-00029604-00029902 Mark: Yeah, so if hy...if the meteorite crashed in the earth,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00138-00029902-00030101 there would be a layer of dust.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00139-00030101-00030300 If there is a layer of dust...
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00140-00030300-00030602 Paul: Therefore, we conclude probably the hypothesis is true,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00141-00030602-00030906 and, uh...of course, it's a degree of probability.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00142-00030906-00031200 Mark: Okay...well, we might take it a step further.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00143-00031200-00031404 If we...and we're now pretty excited about this hypothesis.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00144-00031404-00031604 We're thinking it's, you know, lookin' pretty good.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00145-00031604-00031802 We got to prove it, of course.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00146-00031802-00031908 If there's that layer of dust,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00147-00031908-00032106 what else would be near that layer?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00148-00032106-00032307 What would...if they're digging around this dust area,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00149-00032307-00032500 and there's this dust,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00150-00032500-00032701 wouldn't we expect to see, say, dinosaur bones?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00151-00032701-00032807 If that's where they're all dying,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00152-00032807-00032909 wouldn't there be
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00153-00032909-00033200 kind of a heavy layer of dinosaur bones?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00154-00033200-00033303 I'd tell those grads students,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00155-00033303-00033506 go back and dig those holes all over again.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00156-00033506-00033701 Look for dinosaur bones this time.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00157-00033701-00033805 Paul: You've got another prediction.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00158-00033805-00034003 Mark: And by golly, it comes out!
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00159-00034003-00034206 Near that layer of dust, we have dinosaur bones--
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00160-00034206-00034402 real thick mass of 'em.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00161-00034402-00034600 What would that do for the hypothesis?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00162-00034600-00034704 Paul: Well, now, the hypothesis
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00163-00034704-00034900 has yielded two observable predictions,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00164-00034900-00035107 and they've both been found to be true.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00165-00035107-00035304 That makes the hypothesis even stronger.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00166-00035304-00035507 Or I'm sorry, that makes the argument stronger,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00167-00035507-00035700 the hypothesis more likely.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00168-00035700-00035908 Mark: Using this methodology, will I ever be able to prove,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00169-00035908-00036207 beyond a shadow of a doubt, that the hypothesis is true?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00170-00036207-00036307 Paul: No.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00171-00036307-00036407 Mark: No.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00172-00036407-00036603 Paul: You'll never get beyond induction.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00173-00036603-00036709 You'll never get to absolute...
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00174-00036709-00037003 the absolute certainty of a deductive argument,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00175-00037003-00037203 but you will raise the probability
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00176-00037203-00037403 each time you derive a prediction
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00177-00037403-00037603 and find that it comes true.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00178-00037603-00037709 Mark: So it looks like
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00179-00037709-00038006 if I want to really be confident in my hypothesis,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00180-00038006-00038207 I keep coming up with more predictions
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00181-00038207-00038400 and test them accurately.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00182-00038400-00038704 And if the predictions all come out to be true,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00183-00038704-00038904 I...my confidence can grow in the hypothesis,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00184-00038904-00039104 but never actually reach total, total certainty.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00185-00039104-00039300 Paul: Never reaches 100% certainty.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00186-00039300-00039604 But we would say, then, that your hypothesis is confirmed,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00187-00039604-00039803 meaning the evidence supports it,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00188-00039803-00040109 and if it's...if your hypotheses yield many, many predictions,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00189-00040109-00040506 and they've all come true, we might say it's well confirmed.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00190-00040506-00040800 And that means we could put them all together
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00191-00040800-00041003 and produce a very strong inductive argument
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00192-00041003-00041203 for the truth of your hypothesis.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00193-00041203-00041400 So it's very likely true.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00194-00041400-00041503 Mark: What would happen
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00195-00041503-00041705 if these underpaid grad students went out there,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00196-00041705-00041909 and they just didn't find any layers of dust?
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00197-00041909-00042109 No uniform layers of dinosaur bones.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00198-00042109-00042301 Nothing we expected.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00199-00042301-00042407 Nothing the hypothesis predicted.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00200-00042407-00042707 Paul: So the prediction has failed to come true.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00201-00042707-00043009 And now, we say your hypothesis has been disconfirmed.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00202-00043009-00043306 And, uh...we're gonna have to wrap it up,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00203-00043306-00043601 'cause we've got a big, old train coming.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00204-00043601-00043803 But in that case, your hypothesis disconfirmed.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00205-00043803-00044000 The evidence counts against it.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00206-00044000-00044108 Mark: Okay, so it looks like science
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00207-00044108-00044302 isn't gonna actually prove something,
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00208-00044302-00044500 but what science can be good at...
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00209-00044500-00044604 [laughing]
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00210-00044604-00044805 is confirming hypotheses to a very high degree.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00211-00044805-00045003 Paul: But they can also disconfirm hypotheses.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00212-00045003-00045106 Mark: And then disconfirm it.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00213-00045106-00045306 Paul: Like the earth is flat.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00214-00045306-00045406 Mark: Okay.
+QiyUPEqJsbu-00215-00045406-00045703 Paul: Well, we hope that gets you into the topic.
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00000-00000110-00000210 Hi!
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00001-00000210-00000934 Today I want to improvise about "to mark up".When someone mark up something,you must take more
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00002-00000934-00001088 money from your pocket,right?
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00003-00001088-00001737 Oh well,I been thinking is a very good parallel with what Gerry Roberts say,that there are
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00004-00001737-00002853 the most expensive 5 words from the world and these are "can't; blame; passive; conformity
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00005-00002853-00003451 and quit" and I was keep thinking,why does he want...what does he want to tell with the
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00006-00003451-00004282 most expensive words in the world and why does he call it expensive and I figured out
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00007-00004282-00004773 why,because then when you say you can't something,then when you blame,then when you are passive all
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00008-00004773-00005537 the time in a passive position,when you conform or when you quit without finishing something
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00009-00005537-00006244 ,you actually take out from your pocket more money ,more resource,more energy ,you consume
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00010-00006244-00006727 your self more then if you would do the opposite and it seemed very interesting to me from
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00011-00006727-00007397 this point of view to look at "to mark up" but I wanted to make you thinking,for you
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00012-00007397-00007658 what does it mean "to mark up?
+QjlNjzVIjFu-00013-00007658-00007695 Bye!
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00000-00000242-00000547 Hello, and welcome to a Pinksixty News Special from World Pride in London.
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00001-00000547-00000977 The forecast was for rain all day but that wasn't a problem for Londoners who are used
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00002-00000977-00001244 to dealing with the inclement weather.
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00003-00001244-00001873 Well, the parade's arrived here, at Piccadilly Circus and everyone seems to be having a great
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00004-00001873-00001973 time,
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00005-00001973-00002184 the weather's holding off and the sun's come out.
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00006-00002184-00002823 As you can see, there's lots of excitement still going on.
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00007-00002823-00003194 We've had rain today, but it didn't make a difference, cos everyone's having a great
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00008-00003194-00003294 time.
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00009-00003294-00003832 I mean, the weather was good, when we thought it was gonna be bad;
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00010-00003832-00004146 And the crowds are fantastic, when we thought they might not come,
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00011-00004146-00004547 So it's just been an awesome day.
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00012-00004547-00004906 Speakers took to the stage earlier and the main party started at 3pm,
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00013-00004906-00005410 Boy George, Deborah Cox and Ray Issac are performing today along with a host of other
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00014-00005410-00005510 acts
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00015-00005510-00005889 and at 5.30 they'll hand over to Toronto for World Pride 2014.
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00016-00005889-00006537 Despite the doom and gloom in the run up to this weekend, Londoners pulled together and
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00017-00006537-00006864 showed that in spite of adversity, they can still pull through.
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00018-00006864-00007252 That's all from this live edition of Pinksixty from World Pride in London.
+QjeIFMGRceQ-00019-00007252-00007417 Join us again from the studio tomorrow.
+QjYroOLvovE-00000-00000000-00000200 Click on link in Description Box below to check out my new Facebook Page where I share my winning tips and analysis.
+R165UAf6j6c-00000-00000143-00000616 Okay talked about the tangible. Now what about the assumed information?
+R165UAf6j6c-00001-00000616-00001000 Well some of it is is that I talked about I can see the ice cubes
+R165UAf6j6c-00002-00001000-00001320 in there and I can see there's some clear liquid.
+R165UAf6j6c-00003-00001320-00001792 We can go ahead and see the tasting part.
+R165UAf6j6c-00004-00001848-00002351 Okay it's water.  It's not vodka, but that's giving us some information
+R165UAf6j6c-00005-00002351-00002735 right there, too. There's water in here. It's really cold water.
+R165UAf6j6c-00006-00002735-00003072 There's whales, the colors, so you can assume
+R165UAf6j6c-00007-00003072-00003479 couple things assume about me is that I must really like my water cold. I don't
+R165UAf6j6c-00008-00003479-00003896 just want it out of the tap. I want ice cubes in it so
+R165UAf6j6c-00009-00003896-00004192 I want it really cold.  The other things too is that
+R165UAf6j6c-00010-00004192-00004560 you might assume that these colors these turquoisey colors these blue colors I
+R165UAf6j6c-00011-00004560-00004912 might like the colors blue.  Hey I'm even wearing a blue jacket right
+R165UAf6j6c-00012-00004912-00005271 now.  And then you also can say she must love whales because there's a
+R165UAf6j6c-00013-00005271-00005703 heck of a lot of whales on here.  All this is still giving us information.
+R165UAf6j6c-00014-00005703-00006016 Tangible,  assumed. It all comes together and gives
+R165UAf6j6c-00015-00006016-00006495 us a bigger package. It gives a bigger knowledge base about this piece of
+R165UAf6j6c-00016-00006495-00006823 information. So you think about I mean you guys are
+R165UAf6j6c-00017-00006823-00007192 now seeing the background of my office,  and we'll see a lot more of it.
+R165UAf6j6c-00018-00007192-00007408 But you can see different things back there,
+R165UAf6j6c-00019-00007408-00007728 and you're going to get assumptions about what you think of me
+R165UAf6j6c-00020-00007728-00008031 based on what you're seeing in the picture.
+R165UAf6j6c-00021-00008031-00008711 So we're going to do is now talk about the little exercise that comes next.
+R2ZKKbpXYru-00000-00000762-00000786 foreign
+R2ZKKbpXYru-00001-00001110-00001398 that was honestly the weirdest burp I ever gave
+R2cJde3_WgU-00000-00000000-00000148 Do not expect: One, Two, Three and..
+R2cJde3_WgU-00001-00000148-00000296 *Palms* No, Sorry
+R2cJde3_WgU-00002-00000296-00000434 *She laughed at me*
+R2cJde3_WgU-00003-00000480-00000724 Youtube Talk Youtube, Here it is Gabriel....  Bring... Interruption
+R2cJde3_WgU-00004-00000796-00000988 Bringing you another video
+R2cJde3_WgU-00005-00000998-00001098 So guys, bringing you here
+R2cJde3_WgU-00006-00001112-00001212 Now
+R2cJde3_WgU-00007-00001214-00001522 Five Nights..... LOTS of laughs
+R2cJde3_WgU-00008-00001548-00001854 Too many laughs
+R2cJde3_WgU-00009-00001888-00001988 You spoke in this camera, and that's it.
+R2cJde3_WgU-00010-00002007-00002308 I was looking at this, I just went to look at my hair, but I was looking here
+R2cJde3_WgU-00011-00002350-00002634 Bringing it to you ... Jessica: Everything came back now, goes... 1, 2, 3 and
+R2cJde3_WgU-00012-00002638-00002814 Talking Youtube video here is the Gabriel,
+R2cJde3_WgU-00013-00002814-00003157 Bringing you here, another video
+R2cJde3_WgU-00014-00003161-00003507 And good people, Bringing you here ...
+R2cJde3_WgU-00015-00003522-00003840 Five Nights at Freddy's 4
+R2cJde3_WgU-00016-00003840-00004077 So
+R2cJde3_WgU-00017-00004077-00004388 That Video that I said that if we beat the goal of
+R2cJde3_WgU-00018-00004401-00004685 50 Views and 10 Likes
+R2cJde3_WgU-00019-00004685-00004914 It hit in 16 hours *I'm talking crap*
+R2cJde3_WgU-00020-00004914-00005218 *I'm talking crap*
+R2cJde3_WgU-00021-00005218-00005522 *I'm talking crap* but now Gente is recording the...
+R2cJde3_WgU-00022-00005560-00005865 Four So let's go to the video
+R2cJde3_WgU-00023-00005865-00006001 We are still at night one
+R2cJde3_WgU-00024-00006052-00006321 Jessica: Because we never played
+R2cJde3_WgU-00025-00006321-00006641 It will be the first time ... the first emotion ... We only know the commands
+R2cJde3_WgU-00026-00006641-00006846 Jessica: Do not know not, stop being a liar I:We know, just to close the door and turn on the flashlight
+R2cJde3_WgU-00027-00006897-00007243 Jessica: more or less, right? I: No, there must be some command we do not know, but most people know
+R2cJde3_WgU-00028-00007247-00007567 Jessica: I think we have to listen to his breathing ..
+R2cJde3_WgU-00029-00007567-00007689 something like that
+R2cJde3_WgU-00031-00007930-00008162 *Moment of Shame*
+R2cJde3_WgU-00032-00008162-00008441 *Moment of Shame*
+R2cJde3_WgU-00033-00008469-00008781 *Moment of Shame* I'm going to direct you to close the door and..
+R2cJde3_WgU-00034-00008781-00009095 turn off the Light. and he the mouse
+R2cJde3_WgU-00035-00009164-00009264 *Silence*
+R2cJde3_WgU-00036-00009289-00009518 *making noises with the mouth*
+R2cJde3_WgU-00037-00009626-00009886 Cut
+R2cJde3_WgU-00038-00009928-00010205 *The most stupid way of talking cuts possible*
+R2cJde3_WgU-00040-00010399-00010705 *And the game begins*
+R2cJde3_WgU-00041-00010705-00011004 Jessica: We're here. Me: I do everything right? You just close the door.
+R2cJde3_WgU-00042-00011034-00011325 Jessica: and I'll show you, the most important
+R2cJde3_WgU-00043-00011325-00011427 Me: The flashlight is Control
+R2cJde3_WgU-00044-00011460-00011584 Jessica: Go, come
+R2cJde3_WgU-00045-00011774-00011958 *I did not understand what she said*
+R2cJde3_WgU-00046-00012002-00012190 Me: This is kind of scary
+R2cJde3_WgU-00047-00012946-00013832 Me: Let's go .... Good people are going to happen a few things the program stops responding, but now everything is fine ..
+R2cJde3_WgU-00048-00013884-00013984 Jessica: For While
+R2cJde3_WgU-00052-00015500-00015602 Me: Calm
+R2cJde3_WgU-00053-00016882-00017004 Me: Lights up
+R2cJde3_WgU-00054-00017058-00017364 Jessica: But you have to see if you have breath.
+R2cJde3_WgU-00055-00017364-00017464 me: Shut up
+R2cJde3_WgU-00056-00017619-00017925 If you light up the Light in his face, you
+R2cJde3_WgU-00058-00018010-00018254 *Ignorant Moment* Jessica: You have to listen to the breath Me: Shut up
+R2cJde3_WgU-00059-00018396-00018732 Jessica: You have to go to the fucking door. Me: Shut up I want to hear
+R2cJde3_WgU-00060-00019303-00019403 *Strange noise* What am I doing?
+R2cJde3_WgU-00061-00019417-00019520 *Strange noise* What am I doing?
+R2cJde3_WgU-00062-00019743-00019843 Me: Activate the Flashlight Jessica: Negative
+R2cJde3_WgU-00063-00019920-00020020 Jessica: Never
+R2cJde3_WgU-00064-00020278-00020390 When you see the boy
+R2cJde3_WgU-00066-00020646-00020958 OMG *Bad smell* Jessica: What Time
+R2cJde3_WgU-00067-00020958-00021268 Me: One o'clock in the morning, still
+R2cJde3_WgU-00068-00021398-00021508 Me: Is not here
+R2cJde3_WgU-00069-00021562-00021796 Me: Is not here!!
+R2cJde3_WgU-00070-00021796-00022139 Jessica: You have to listen, if you listen, you close the door understood?
+R2cJde3_WgU-00071-00022911-00023208 I will stop playing these horror games * Laughter *
+R2cJde3_WgU-00072-00023208-00023334 It's already making me bad.
+R2cJde3_WgU-00073-00023476-00023781 Me: Here !! Jessica: How do you close the door?
+R2cJde3_WgU-00074-00023782-00024088 Me: forget it. Jessica, you have to close the door
+R2cJde3_WgU-00075-00024102-00024344 Me: You who close Jessica: Then go to the door
+R2cJde3_WgU-00076-00024836-00024989 Jessica: It is Not anymore
+R2cJde3_WgU-00077-00025144-00025248 Meme: When the boy looks Me: Open the door
+R2cJde3_WgU-00078-00025336-00025618 Me: Not to light the flashlight, just to open the door
+R2cJde3_WgU-00079-00025797-00025921 Me: No
+R2cJde3_WgU-00080-00026430-00026642 Jessica: No Me: Lights up
+R2cJde3_WgU-00081-00026748-00027152 Me: Look how naughty she looks at me Jessica: Sure.
+R2cJde3_WgU-00082-00027252-00027352 Lights up
+R2cJde3_WgU-00083-00027436-00027536 Laughs
+R2cJde3_WgU-00084-00027776-00027833 AHHHH Me: Scare
+R2cJde3_WgU-00085-00027868-00028022 See Again
+R2cJde3_WgU-00086-00028022-00028208 He is an animatronic that gives scares to those who do not understand
+R2cJde3_WgU-00087-00028208-00028308 Shout
+R2cJde3_WgU-00088-00028353-00028453 Jessica: Calm down
+R2cJde3_WgU-00089-00028484-00028652 Me: for you to watch the scare I take
+R2cJde3_WgU-00090-00028748-00028903 it's the level of despair
+R2cJde3_WgU-00091-00029088-00029239 Me: It's here
+R2cJde3_WgU-00092-00029700-00029872 Jessica: Open, Open
+R2cJde3_WgU-00093-00029932-00030263 I did not understand anything she said ???
+R2cJde3_WgU-00096-00030746-00031030 Me: It's already Three in the morning and the Tutorial is over
+R2cJde3_WgU-00097-00031075-00031307 Me: You do not even listen, you already feel the Bug
+R2cJde3_WgU-00100-00032348-00032656 I did not scare Jessica: On the right
+R2cJde3_WgU-00101-00032656-00032920 Suck trump * Sad Trump *
+R2cJde3_WgU-00102-00033122-00033222 this one
+R2cJde3_WgU-00104-00033404-00033619 Me1; OMG Three in the morning, I'm going to take a fright.
+R2cJde3_WgU-00105-00033682-00033843 Keep it up, see you tomorrow
+R2cJde3_WgU-00106-00033990-00034090 Drop
+R2cJde3_WgU-00107-00034186-00034236 Easter Egg
+R2cJde3_WgU-00108-00034454-00034586 They are here
+R2cJde3_WgU-00109-00034685-00034785 GO
+R2cJde3_WgU-00110-00034884-00035223 Open ...can ... Turn on the Light.
+R2cJde3_WgU-00111-00036002-00036267 It is here (both confirm)
+R2cJde3_WgU-00112-00036267-00036384 Heeeelp Drop
+R2cJde3_WgU-00113-00036610-00036808 See the Game!
+R2cJde3_WgU-00114-00036832-00036932 Laugh
+R2cJde3_WgU-00116-00037106-00037286 4:00 AM people
+R2cJde3_WgU-00117-00037304-00037428 Jessica: You do not look back Me: Guys are 6 AM the thing
+R2cJde3_WgU-00118-00037564-00037674 Okay, they're here.
+R2cJde3_WgU-00119-00037674-00037858 OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH
+R2cJde3_WgU-00120-00037858-00037924 *Replay*
+R2cJde3_WgU-00121-00038656-00038908 Oh man... (sad) Cry
+R2cJde3_WgU-00123-00039204-00039404 Jessica: I thought you were really crying.
+R2cJde3_WgU-00124-00039422-00039742 Me: Oh no Jessica: The monster came from the front.
+R2cJde3_WgU-00125-00039742-00039842 Damn it
+R2cJde3_WgU-00126-00039862-00040165 It only took two hours for us to win.
+R2cJde3_WgU-00127-00040165-00040468 But, it was this people, if you liked, leave Like
+R2cJde3_WgU-00128-00040472-00040638 let's hit a goal of 50 LIKES FOR THIS VIDEO
+R2cJde3_WgU-00129-00040638-00040978 So that was it, thanks and I was
+R2cJde3_WgU-00130-00040978-00041178 END
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00000-00000021-00000606 Welcome to the Sunday Shave Of The Day! Hey Eric here with Adventures In Wet
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00001-00000606-00001175 Shaving and welcome back it's good to see you if this is your first time here
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00002-00001175-00001592 and you're interested in learning how to straight razor shave go ahead and hit
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00003-00001592-00002055 that subscribe button then click on the bell next to it to be notified when I
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00004-00002055-00002355 upload videos that way you won't miss a thing
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00005-00002355-00003108 in tonight's shave I am using my Wade and Butcher Sheffield this is just a
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00006-00003108-00004202 beautiful razor nice wedge horn scales beautiful check this out isn't that marvelous
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00007-00004202-00005019 out of the 1800s really nice and for our soap tonight
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00008-00005019-00005592 Stubble Trubble Up and Adam and this is with a whisper cool so it's got a little
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00009-00005592-00006137 bit menthol in it but I just I was in the mood I needed to
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00010-00006137-00006720 have that kind of coffee hit you know and this really is just a wonderful
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00011-00006720-00007622 coffee type scent maybe for me like a mocha cappuccino it's just marvelous so
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00012-00007622-00008052 I've had that puck blooming we're gonna pour off that water I'm gonna put that
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00013-00008052-00008834 on his pre-shave just like normal and let's get going
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00014-00009463-00010414 there we go nice yeah I really do enjoy coffee now for my brush tonight
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00015-00010414-00011384 we are using my Omega 10098 got most that one around there but still left
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00016-00011384-00012299 some in and there you go we're gonna load this brush up oh yeah yep so how's
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00017-00012299-00012731 your weekend I hope you're having a good weekend I really do
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00018-00012731-00013384 I hope the world's treat me good and you're well for that matter hopefully
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00019-00013384-00013876 you've had some downtime and you've been able to spend time with family and
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00020-00013876-00014926 friends that's always good yeah recharge those batteries very nice and I
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00021-00014926-00015560 think we're pretty much there on this so already I'm just gonna clean up around
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00022-00015560-00016475 the bowl like normal yeah and put most of that right there on the top of that
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00023-00016475-00017719 brush you can get the rest one yeah really do enjoy that coffee mm-hmm
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00024-00018039-00018928 yeah how about you do you like coffee are you a coffee drinker yeah yeah I
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00025-00018928-00020061 tell you it is good stuff there you go we this yeah oh yeah Stubble Trubble yeah
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00026-00020061-00021318 Adam makes some marvelous soaps yeah he does okay let's kick this up
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00027-00021851-00022328 now tell me about your shaves you've been having some good chase I hope so
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00028-00022328-00023900 that would be nice yeah yep now let me know in the comments yeah you know how
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00029-00023900-00024650 your shakes are going really like to know well that's one of the good things
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00030-00024650-00025240 about this hobby we can share our experiences
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00031-00026183-00026979 so I hope you are having the chase maybe even great chips yep
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00032-00028598-00029207 and keep in mind that on the first and third Friday of every month I do
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00033-00029207-00029891 Straight Razor Edge Friday Specials normally they're shave related and not
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00034-00029891-00030404 necessarily shave however this last time I did now for something completely
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00035-00030404-00031120 different music and shave so you can check that out right up here if you
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00036-00031120-00031733 missed it alright now this is past one which is going to be with the green
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00037-00031733-00032188 primarily let's do this
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00038-00035711-00036190 with a razor just blew right through that beard like I wasn't even there
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00039-00036190-00038538 nice okay check it out
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00040-00038928-00039134 you
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00041-00040758-00040963 you
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00042-00042548-00042754 you
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00043-00043708-00043913 you
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00044-00045278-00046146 there we go oh yeah now one thing I found with these villages is you don't
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00045-00046146-00046784 get any really audio feedback but you do get mechanical feedback which is good
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00046-00051873-00053223 all right nice okay switching hands let's get this other side there yes
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00047-00053223-00053549 here we go
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00048-00063050-00064089 all right nice oh yeah really good yeah this soap has good
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00049-00064089-00064479 cushion nice and slick
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00050-00066695-00068768 oh yeah pass one complete there you go nice good and again for eBay new to this
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00051-00068768-00069619 straight razor wet shaving process and/or actually for that matter de the
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00052-00069619-00070388 reason why we do multi pass shaves is to get it from different directions and
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00053-00070388-00071081 then that helps really reduce that beer so that first shave or that you just
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00054-00071081-00071764 shot soft first pass is just beard reduction that's all it is so that took
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00055-00071764-00072607 most of it off and now I just I'm going to deal with what's left so to keep in
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00056-00072607-00073541 mind it's not a fine blade or whatever kind of perfect razors this we do
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00057-00073541-00074222 multiple passes so tip of the day we do multiple passes don't look for that BBS
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00058-00074222-00074825 shave right off the bat with the multiple passes though you can get that
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00059-00074825-00075650 shave within two or three passes easy enough yeah so tip of the day right
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00060-00075650-00077041 there you know put a little bit more water on that so you're gonna kick it up
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00061-00077224-00078002 now one of the things I've been finding that I really like over this last summer
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00062-00078002-00079028 is something called cold brewed coffee and basically I give you the recipe yeah
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00063-00079028-00079855 because I make it here at home it's going to be one pound or no 1 pound 1
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00064-00079855-00080603 cup let's do it this way 1 cup of coffee 2 3 cups of water and then you can make
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00065-00080603-00081080 it as big or as small as you want from there all right and then what you do
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00066-00081080-00081712 there's no hot water only add cold water and you put it in the refrigerator for
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00067-00081712-00082502 24 hours and just let it sit and you will have a magnificent coffee after
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00068-00082502-00083249 that if you drink milk in your coffee you can put like 1/4 cup of coffee in
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00069-00083249-00083720 the quarters of a cup of milk and you'd still have a nice strong cup of good
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00070-00083720-00084457 stuff yeah so if you haven't tried that you're into coffee you got a shot I
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00071-00084457-00085025 really have them and join it and doing it this way you don't have any of the
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00072-00085025-00085937 acid or bitterness it is just super smooth going down it is awesome so maybe
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00073-00085937-00086215 check that out
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00074-00089168-00090123 there we go nice now I do shake of the day videos every Wednesday and Sunday so
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00075-00090123-00090860 stop on by check it out alright now this is past 2 which is primarily going to be
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00076-00090860-00091461 against the grain on my cheeks against the grain here and on my neck that's
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00077-00091461-00091994 going to be across the grain so let's do this
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00078-00099419-00099700 nice
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00079-00099758-00100349 yeah and for me these wedges are just marvelous
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00080-00100349-00101023 they are very forgiving and comfortable I really like them
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00081-00104911-00105845 yeah some of my favorite razors are near wedges wedges in quarter halls good
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00082-00110704-00111799 all right nice getting there what a wonderful shave though really enjoy
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00083-00116199-00116958 all right looking good now get that cleaned off
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00084-00122072-00122421 they're right
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00085-00124805-00126251 we go hats to complete good now let's get that redstone see how we did mmm oh
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00086-00126251-00126914 yeah cheats right where we need them yep okay
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00087-00126914-00127984 good yeah the half past let's do this
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00088-00129223-00129863 now this is primarily going to be against the grain on my jawline in my
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00089-00129863-00130679 neck yeah it's going to finish this shave off don't need a full pass full
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00090-00130679-00131177 three passes I just need a two and a half pass so we're gonna do the half
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00091-00131177-00132111 pass this time let's do this and you know just trying to figure out the best
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00092-00132111-00132703 way for you to do it okay that's all you have to do
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00093-00136966-00137647 yeah your face is different caught myself a little bit right there then
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00094-00137647-00137883 mine
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00095-00138021-00138536 so you just have to figure it out not a big deal
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00096-00140957-00141792 oh yeah nice yeah really close
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00097-00148511-00150432 here we go very nice okay now shave in the books
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00098-00150432-00151658 yep now wonderful now oh yeah that's it right there
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00099-00151658-00152336 nice all right now allo everywhere
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00100-00153432-00154187 there we go very nice right and for our aftershave
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00101-00154187-00154799 tonight there's lavender witch hazel good stop
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00102-00154799-00156307 for the face and it really does help with the redness for me yeah
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00103-00156741-00157823 or AB Sigma Spice Island yep this is some good stuff here and this is really
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00104-00157823-00159764 kind of sweet spicy bay wrong thing right there okay hey listen really
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00105-00159764-00160283 appreciate you thank you so much for stopping by you click right up here to
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00106-00160283-00160879 see the best beginner shave you've ever seen all right again thank you I really
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00107-00160879-00161351 appreciate you thank you for my new subscribers as well really appreciate
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00108-00161351-00161939 you in all of you that have been with me from the beginning thank you so much you
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00109-00161939-00162323 click right here to see my latest video click down here on the video especially
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00110-00162323-00162809 picked out for you click over here on me subscribe like comment share this video
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00111-00162809-00163216 with your friends have a great shave and a good day and I will see you next time
+R5folQ3Zdsc-00112-00163216-00163639 when adventures in wet shaving
+R5GytYXLsqE-00000-00000782-00001142 Technology Resources for Educational Enhancement,
+R5GytYXLsqE-00001-00001148-00001726 or TREE as it is called, is a tool created by Information Services 
+R5GytYXLsqE-00002-00001726-00002238 to allow teaching staff to easily search for learning technology services.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00003-00002274-00002750 TREE aims to help staff conveniently find learning technology services 
+R5GytYXLsqE-00004-00002750-00003065 that meet their particular needs.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00005-00003178-00003577 This tool has been developed in close consultation with our users,
+R5GytYXLsqE-00006-00003577-00003976 and they have really helped shape and nurture TREE’s growth.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00007-00004059-00004575 TREE is fully functional and ready for use, although still in its BETA phase.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00008-00004658-00005206 There are more improvements coming, so we would welcome feedback and comments on the tool.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00009-00005632-00006031 Note that there is a drop down menu above the search box.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00010-00006090-00006376 It gives you two search options:
+R5GytYXLsqE-00011-00006376-00006685 'Contains any of these words'
+R5GytYXLsqE-00012-00006685-00007008 or ‘Contains all of these words’. 
+R5GytYXLsqE-00013-00007038-00007526 ‘Contains any (of these words)’ will generally give you a wider set of results.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00014-00007683-00008234 Select the most appropriate, type in your search term, and press Search.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00015-00008347-00008620 You are presented with a list of results.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00016-00008816-00009215 You can filter these further using the options on the left-hand side.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00017-00009476-00009874 To remove a filter, uncheck the box .
+R5GytYXLsqE-00018-00010515-00010870 Click on the 'Read more' button.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00019-00011007-00011585 This takes you to a service overview page with further information about the services,
+R5GytYXLsqE-00020-00011636-00012056 and links to relevant sections on the Information Services website.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00021-00012440-00012832 You can also use the ‘Browse All Our Services’ tab, 
+R5GytYXLsqE-00022-00012841-00013254 which shows a lists of all the services within TREE. 
+R5GytYXLsqE-00023-00013330-00013865 Simply click on a title to be taken to the the corresponding service overview page. 
+R5GytYXLsqE-00024-00014297-00014650 If you would like additional advice or information
+R5GytYXLsqE-00025-00014650-00015164 please use the Contact IS form to contact the IS Helpline.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00026-00015597-00016163 You can also use this form to provide feedback and comments about TREE itself.
+R5GytYXLsqE-00027-00016385-00016562 We hope you find TREE useful.
+R5Lordfz-1I-00000-00000112-00000712 these days, photos is always crashing because whenever i'm straining the photo, it does the same
+R5Lordfz-1I-00001-00000712-00001392 and i have to go straight to the very, very beginning of where my photo was, and the edits
+R5Lordfz-1I-00002-00001392-00002104 are not saved in this case, so this is just a waste, and i really have this weird problem of
+R5Lordfz-1I-00003-00002104-00002584 photos crashing and even restarting. it doesn't fix the problem, so i don't know what is this…
+R6XxONod6WY-00000-00000048-00000312 [Rich] Welcome to the Oregon Matters of State podcast.
+R6XxONod6WY-00001-00000312-00000616 This is your host Deputy Secretary Rich Vial.
+R6XxONod6WY-00002-00000616-00001096 I am here today with Ginger McCall the outgoing Public Records Advocate.
+R6XxONod6WY-00003-00001096-00001444 Ginger, I know this is a really busy time for ya.
+R6XxONod6WY-00004-00001444-00001676 Thank you for taking time to come visit with us.
+R6XxONod6WY-00005-00001676-00001776 [Ginger] Thank you.
+R6XxONod6WY-00006-00001776-00002188 [Rich] Tell us what the next week or so has in store for ya.
+R6XxONod6WY-00007-00002188-00002347 [Ginger] I'm moving across the country.
+R6XxONod6WY-00008-00002347-00002806 I've gotta load up my whole house into a couple of moving pods and then get myself back to
+R6XxONod6WY-00009-00002806-00002909 Washington DC.
+R6XxONod6WY-00010-00002909-00003399 [Rich] And when you say, "I am," it's not just you, you're moving, who else?
+R6XxONod6WY-00011-00003399-00003861 [Ginger] My husband, my mother in law, and our three dogs and then I have a friend flying
+R6XxONod6WY-00012-00003861-00004123 into Portland and she's gonna stay with us as far as Chicago.
+R6XxONod6WY-00013-00004123-00004626 [Rich] I suspect that there's a bittersweet element to leaving Salem.
+R6XxONod6WY-00014-00004626-00005086 I know that you've had a very interesting experience here.
+R6XxONod6WY-00015-00005086-00005327 You had a personal tragedy while you were here.
+R6XxONod6WY-00016-00005327-00005427 [Ginger] I did.
+R6XxONod6WY-00017-00005427-00005812 [Rich] And I'm sure that those memories are hard as well.
+R6XxONod6WY-00018-00005812-00006114 Would you like to tell us about that at all?
+R6XxONod6WY-00019-00006114-00006322 [Ginger] Yeah, we lost our daughter.
+R6XxONod6WY-00020-00006322-00006498 She was seven weeks old.
+R6XxONod6WY-00021-00006498-00007120 She contracted meningitis and sepsis related to group B strep which is something that I
+R6XxONod6WY-00022-00007120-00007586 would urge anyone who's pregnant or anyone who knows someone who's pregnant to read up
+R6XxONod6WY-00023-00007586-00007686 on.
+R6XxONod6WY-00024-00007686-00007835 Group B strep is a very common bacteria.
+R6XxONod6WY-00025-00007835-00007935 It's usually benign.
+R6XxONod6WY-00026-00007935-00008145 It lives in the adult body.
+R6XxONod6WY-00027-00008145-00008653 However for infants it can potentially be fatal and it can lead to things like meningitis
+R6XxONod6WY-00028-00008653-00008756 and sepsis.
+R6XxONod6WY-00029-00008756-00009264 Unfortunately the hospital didn't catch it soon enough and as a result she ended up passing
+R6XxONod6WY-00030-00009264-00009661 away, unfortunately, in March, so that's been really hard.
+R6XxONod6WY-00031-00009661-00010136 Everything here now is tinged with that bittersweet feeling of the happy memories we have of when
+R6XxONod6WY-00032-00010136-00010595 we were with her and when I was pregnant, and then the very sad memory since then.
+R6XxONod6WY-00033-00010595-00011152 [Rich] Well, we at the Secretary of State certainly wish you all the best as you continue
+R6XxONod6WY-00034-00011152-00012118 your journey both in life and across the country, and we hope that as you go on the memory of
+R6XxONod6WY-00035-00012118-00012811 that experience will become increasingly one that helps you with any happy memories in
+R6XxONod6WY-00036-00012811-00012985 the future.
+R6XxONod6WY-00037-00012985-00013796 So this job, the public records advocate was brand new to Oregon when you showed up.
+R6XxONod6WY-00038-00013796-00013897 We didn't have one before.
+R6XxONod6WY-00039-00013897-00014312 I'll tell ya, I was in the legislature at 2017.
+R6XxONod6WY-00040-00014312-00014752 There was a lot of excitement around the idea of a public records advocate.
+R6XxONod6WY-00041-00014752-00015459 Tell us a little bit about how you came to understand that there was the job, how you
+R6XxONod6WY-00042-00015459-00016019 knew you should maybe apply for it, and a little bit about what your early experiences
+R6XxONod6WY-00043-00016019-00016119 were with the job.
+R6XxONod6WY-00044-00016119-00016369 [Ginger] So I actually found out about this job.
+R6XxONod6WY-00045-00016369-00016529 I saw the job posting.
+R6XxONod6WY-00046-00016529-00016885 It was sent to me by a former intern of mine who's now a very good friend.
+R6XxONod6WY-00047-00016885-00017311 He works at the Reporter's Committee for Freedom of Press and he had sent it along to me and
+R6XxONod6WY-00048-00017311-00017646 I thought, "Well, I don't think I'll actually be able "to get this job because I'm not from
+R6XxONod6WY-00049-00017646-00017770 Oregon."
+R6XxONod6WY-00050-00017770-00018219 I'm not necessarily familiar with the politics of Oregon or the way that the state government
+R6XxONod6WY-00051-00018219-00018628 works there, but I'll apply because I had a strong background in public records law.
+R6XxONod6WY-00052-00018628-00019021 I had started off my career litigating on the plaintiff side under the Federal Freedom
+R6XxONod6WY-00053-00019021-00019260 of Information Act which is the federal public records law.
+R6XxONod6WY-00054-00019260-00020036 I worked for the Electronic Privacy Information Center, EPIC, doing privacy and consumer protection
+R6XxONod6WY-00055-00020036-00020498 work there and a lot of what we did was making public records requests to find out about
+R6XxONod6WY-00056-00020498-00020928 previously secret government surveillance programs and tools, and so we often had to
+R6XxONod6WY-00057-00020928-00021312 litigate in federal court to actually get those documents, so I started my career working
+R6XxONod6WY-00058-00021312-00021697 on the requester side and then I transitioned over to working for the Federal Government
+R6XxONod6WY-00059-00021697-00022068 where I defended the Federal Government in Freedom of Information Act lawsuits while
+R6XxONod6WY-00060-00022068-00022428 I was at the US Department of Labor, so I did have that background.
+R6XxONod6WY-00061-00022428-00022585 I applied for the job.
+R6XxONod6WY-00062-00022585-00023051 I didn't actually think that anything would come of it and so I was very pleasantly surprised
+R6XxONod6WY-00063-00023051-00023376 when I got the interview and then the second round interview, and then I got the job and
+R6XxONod6WY-00064-00023376-00023655 I was thrilled 'cause I've always wanted to move out west.
+R6XxONod6WY-00065-00023655-00024116 I love the mountains, I love hiking, I love the American west and so it was really a dream
+R6XxONod6WY-00066-00024116-00024579 come true to get the job and to be able to come out here and do what was essentially
+R6XxONod6WY-00067-00024579-00025079 my dream job building this office but also to live in a place that was so beautiful.
+R6XxONod6WY-00068-00025079-00025215 It was just amazing.
+R6XxONod6WY-00069-00025215-00025457 [Rich] And where did you grow up?
+R6XxONod6WY-00070-00025457-00025574 [Ginger] Pittsburgh, south of Pittsburgh.
+R6XxONod6WY-00071-00025574-00025674 [Rich] Oh, yes.
+R6XxONod6WY-00072-00025674-00025872 [Ginger] Yeah, in what used to be the country and is now the big Mc-mansion suburbs.
+R6XxONod6WY-00073-00025872-00026158 [Rich] And where'd you go to law school?
+R6XxONod6WY-00074-00026158-00026533 [Ginger] I went to Cornell, so I lived in Upstate New York for a couple of years.
+R6XxONod6WY-00075-00026533-00026665 It was very cold.
+R6XxONod6WY-00076-00026665-00026986 [Rich] Yeah, so you litigated.
+R6XxONod6WY-00077-00026986-00027777 Now litigators are a special breed of lawyer, the gladiators of the legal environment, what
+R6XxONod6WY-00078-00027777-00028315 was the difference between defending the government or pursuing the government.
+R6XxONod6WY-00079-00028315-00028443 Talk a little bit about that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00080-00028443-00028842 [Ginger] So I would say when I was on the advocacy side, suing the government, it was
+R6XxONod6WY-00081-00028842-00029137 much more aggressive.
+R6XxONod6WY-00082-00029137-00029464 Once I was on the government side most of what I was doing in those lawsuits was just
+R6XxONod6WY-00083-00029464-00029813 reviewing the documents trying to get them out as quickly as possible to the requester
+R6XxONod6WY-00084-00029813-00030273 and get the lawsuit settled, so I would say when I was on the plaintiff side it was a
+R6XxONod6WY-00085-00030273-00030734 much more aggressive experience and then once I was on the defense side it was much more
+R6XxONod6WY-00086-00030734-00031211 trying to be conciliatory and trying to just get things settled which I think was helpful
+R6XxONod6WY-00087-00031211-00031412 here, understanding both of those sides of things.
+R6XxONod6WY-00088-00031412-00031774 [Rich] Do you have a partisan inclination politically?
+R6XxONod6WY-00089-00031774-00032027 [Ginger] I can't say that I do really.
+R6XxONod6WY-00090-00032027-00032180 I'm mostly independent.
+R6XxONod6WY-00091-00032180-00032504 I would say I'm probably liberal leaning to a fair extent.
+R6XxONod6WY-00092-00032504-00032907 I campaigned for Obama when it was negative six degrees in New Hampshire in 2008.
+R6XxONod6WY-00093-00032907-00033386 I believe in principles more than partisan politics and I actually think that partisan
+R6XxONod6WY-00094-00033386-00033655 politics tend to get in the way of principles a lot of the time.
+R6XxONod6WY-00095-00033655-00034183 [Rich] We're fond here in the Secretary of State's Office of saying that partisanship
+R6XxONod6WY-00096-00034183-00034358 is the biggest enemy of good policy.
+R6XxONod6WY-00097-00034358-00034677 [Ginger] I think it is, I think it is, that and cable news.
+R6XxONod6WY-00098-00034677-00034958 [Rich] Yes, and social media nowadays, unfortunately.
+R6XxONod6WY-00099-00034958-00035127 [Ginger] Yeah, it is troubling.
+R6XxONod6WY-00100-00035127-00035450 [Rich] You arrive here, was it what you expected?
+R6XxONod6WY-00101-00035450-00035837 [Ginger] The state was even more beautiful than I expected I would say.
+R6XxONod6WY-00102-00035837-00036088 In a lot of ways it was what I had hoped for.
+R6XxONod6WY-00103-00036088-00036338 I loved the job.
+R6XxONod6WY-00104-00036338-00036847 I wrote out a vision for the job before I started it and I was able to fulfill most
+R6XxONod6WY-00105-00036847-00036983 of the things in that vision.
+R6XxONod6WY-00106-00036983-00037449 There were things that surprised me when I was working in state and local governments.
+R6XxONod6WY-00107-00037449-00037632 A lot of it was what I expected.
+R6XxONod6WY-00108-00037632-00037972 If it wasn't what I expected then often times it was even better than I expected.
+R6XxONod6WY-00109-00037972-00038527 I really, really loved the job even more than I had hoped and I had more of an opportunity
+R6XxONod6WY-00110-00038527-00039043 to create change, I think than I had even imagined before I came here, so that was very
+R6XxONod6WY-00111-00039043-00039143 satisfying.
+R6XxONod6WY-00112-00039143-00039507 [Rich] What was the vision that you were hoping to achieve?
+R6XxONod6WY-00113-00039507-00039975 [Ginger] So I was hoping to get out and be able to give trainings across the state and
+R6XxONod6WY-00114-00039975-00040296 to influence public records policy in that way.
+R6XxONod6WY-00115-00040296-00040871 I think that training really is an opportunity to teach the best version of the law, to teach
+R6XxONod6WY-00116-00040871-00041387 people the best version of how to operate under the public records law to encourage
+R6XxONod6WY-00117-00041387-00041877 good communication so that was one of the things that I was really hoping to do here,
+R6XxONod6WY-00118-00041877-00042119 also to do the facilitated dispute resolution.
+R6XxONod6WY-00119-00042119-00042550 I was really hoping that people would be able to find out about the office and then use
+R6XxONod6WY-00120-00042550-00042761 that service, and I was really pleased.
+R6XxONod6WY-00121-00042761-00043386 We've done, I think more than 250, maybe even 300 requests for assistance at this point.
+R6XxONod6WY-00122-00043386-00043963 I was able to train almost 2,000 people while I was here, so those were the big pieces of
+R6XxONod6WY-00123-00043963-00044463 what I was hoping to do, but then also some of the big picture policy stuff, being able
+R6XxONod6WY-00124-00044463-00044862 to issue reports, being able to lead the Public Records Advisory Council.
+R6XxONod6WY-00125-00044862-00045233 Those are the things I feel really passionate about as an advocate and it's something that
+R6XxONod6WY-00126-00045233-00045787 I really dedicated my career to, policy improvement, and so I was really pleased to be able to
+R6XxONod6WY-00127-00045787-00046271 do that with the Public Records Advisory Council to get one of the two pieces of legislation
+R6XxONod6WY-00128-00046271-00046672 that the counsel had proposed to actually pass during this legislative session, even
+R6XxONod6WY-00129-00046672-00047028 though I arrived here not know anything about the way that the legislative session in the
+R6XxONod6WY-00130-00047028-00047511 state of Oregon works, but I learned by doing and we did manage to get one of those passed.
+R6XxONod6WY-00131-00047511-00047774 [Rich] Who was sponsoring that for you?
+R6XxONod6WY-00132-00047774-00048361 [Ginger] Representative Power, but it was co-sponsored also by Senator Prozanski, Thatcher,
+R6XxONod6WY-00133-00048361-00048528 and also Boquist.
+R6XxONod6WY-00134-00048528-00048965 [Rich] So a very bipartisan approach to that legislation.
+R6XxONod6WY-00135-00048965-00049075 [Ginger] Yeah.
+R6XxONod6WY-00136-00049075-00049427 [Rich] Anything else about your arrival that surprised you?
+R6XxONod6WY-00137-00049427-00049949 What I was thinking of for example was were you surprised that you didn't have a specific
+R6XxONod6WY-00138-00049949-00050066 boss or that--
+R6XxONod6WY-00139-00050066-00050346 [Ginger] Well, it was a little surprising.
+R6XxONod6WY-00140-00050346-00050853 I knew before I got here that the situation with this position was complicated.
+R6XxONod6WY-00141-00050853-00051254 I had read up a little bit on the background of the politics that created the position
+R6XxONod6WY-00142-00051254-00051757 and the final statute, and so the political battles that were involved in that and usually
+R6XxONod6WY-00143-00051757-00052269 when a statute is created and finalized via a bunch of political battles it ends up being
+R6XxONod6WY-00144-00052269-00052539 a mess, and it turns out that the statute was a little bit of a mess.
+R6XxONod6WY-00145-00052539-00052872 I knew that the reporting situation was going to be tricky.
+R6XxONod6WY-00146-00052872-00053317 I didn't realize that there was going to be so much political interference.
+R6XxONod6WY-00147-00053317-00053729 That surprised me because the office was presented as being very independent.
+R6XxONod6WY-00148-00053729-00053947 That was the way it was presented in the press.
+R6XxONod6WY-00149-00053947-00054047 It was presented to me.
+R6XxONod6WY-00150-00054047-00054614 It was presented to the public in the legislature, so that was a bit surprising although as a
+R6XxONod6WY-00151-00054614-00055167 cynical person who's worked proximate to politics for a little while now, maybe not so surprising.
+R6XxONod6WY-00152-00055167-00055814 [Rich] We were fortunate to have the opportunity to host you in the Secretary of State's office
+R6XxONod6WY-00153-00055814-00056450 down in Archives which is a beautiful, one of our newer buildings, one of our best facilities.
+R6XxONod6WY-00154-00056450-00056870 Did that work out to be there in that office?
+R6XxONod6WY-00155-00056870-00057229 What challenges did or didn't that present for you?
+R6XxONod6WY-00156-00057229-00057485 [Ginger] I loved working in Archives.
+R6XxONod6WY-00157-00057485-00057825 I think that that really is the best place for this office to be.
+R6XxONod6WY-00158-00057825-00058261 A lot of what I was doing was in conjunction with the folks at the Archives, so we would
+R6XxONod6WY-00159-00058261-00058551 do trainings and we would get the one two punch on the trainings.
+R6XxONod6WY-00160-00058551-00058897 They would do the first part of the training which was records retention and then I would
+R6XxONod6WY-00161-00058897-00059276 do the second part which was responding to public records requests, and those two things
+R6XxONod6WY-00162-00059276-00059702 really have to go hand in hand, so it made a lot of sense for me to be operating out
+R6XxONod6WY-00163-00059702-00059812 of the Archives.
+R6XxONod6WY-00164-00059812-00060244 They've given me an extraordinary amount of support, both personal and emotional support
+R6XxONod6WY-00165-00060244-00060701 after the death of my daughter, but also professional support, administrative support, everything
+R6XxONod6WY-00166-00060701-00061170 that this office has needed they've been there and ready to assist with, so I really do think
+R6XxONod6WY-00167-00061170-00061406 that that relationship has worked out really well.
+R6XxONod6WY-00168-00061406-00061966 I think the challenging issues were the budgetary, I often have to do my reimbursement forms
+R6XxONod6WY-00169-00061966-00062066 twice.
+R6XxONod6WY-00170-00062066-00062406 I have to fill out the reimbursement form for the Secretary of State's office and then
+R6XxONod6WY-00171-00062406-00062964 also the DAS reimbursement forms, so the budgetary issues and how exactly the mechanics of that
+R6XxONod6WY-00172-00062964-00063276 relationship works those have been really the biggest challenges.
+R6XxONod6WY-00173-00063276-00063964 [Rich] So I know that you've got a proposal that the advisory committee is working on
+R6XxONod6WY-00174-00063964-00064538 to clean up some of the legislation and reinforce the independence idea.
+R6XxONod6WY-00175-00064538-00065379 Do you see that that might lead to a closer relationship with the Secretary of State's
+R6XxONod6WY-00176-00065379-00065639 office eventually as that all works its way through?
+R6XxONod6WY-00177-00065639-00065925 [Ginger] I think that it'll ensure more independence.
+R6XxONod6WY-00178-00065925-00066367 I don't think that it will move the advocate closer to the Secretary of State or any other
+R6XxONod6WY-00179-00066367-00066486 elected official.
+R6XxONod6WY-00180-00066486-00067019 I think that it'll move the advocate closer to the counsel and the counsel does have Secretary
+R6XxONod6WY-00181-00067019-00067376 of State or a designee on the counsel, so I think that that's good, but the counsel
+R6XxONod6WY-00182-00067376-00067771 also has a representative from the Department of Administrative Services, so it's a little
+R6XxONod6WY-00183-00067771-00068213 bit more balanced and I think that that will be really helpful for the independence of
+R6XxONod6WY-00184-00068213-00068313 this office.
+R6XxONod6WY-00185-00068313-00068595 [Rich] Now the Council is appointed.
+R6XxONod6WY-00186-00068595-00069092 Do you have any feelings about how that appointment process is done?
+R6XxONod6WY-00187-00069092-00069573 [Ginger] I do think it might be helpful to have some more of the Council members appointed
+R6XxONod6WY-00188-00069573-00070100 by other means or maybe to have a different composition on the Council.
+R6XxONod6WY-00189-00070100-00070498 I know there has been one proposal by, is it Senator Hass?
+R6XxONod6WY-00190-00070498-00070975 One proposal by Senator Hass to have more of the counsel members be from the requester
+R6XxONod6WY-00191-00070975-00071075 community.
+R6XxONod6WY-00192-00071075-00071425 That might be helpful, and it might be helpful to change the appointment so that the appointments
+R6XxONod6WY-00193-00071425-00071776 are a little bit more spread out, so maybe there are more appointments by the Secretary
+R6XxONod6WY-00194-00071776-00072201 of State, by the Attorney General so that not so many of the appointments are by the
+R6XxONod6WY-00195-00072201-00072614 governor, but that's a secondary independence measure that the Council will have to debate
+R6XxONod6WY-00196-00072614-00072714 among itself.
+R6XxONod6WY-00197-00072714-00073192 [Rich] All right, well, I wanna turn now to your final report.
+R6XxONod6WY-00198-00073192-00073821 Just a few days ago you issued this document that's called "the Final Report of Ginger
+R6XxONod6WY-00199-00073821-00074379 McCall Oregon Public Record's Advocate," really official looking, got the capital on the front.
+R6XxONod6WY-00200-00074379-00074887 It was a lot of fun for me to get this and read this.
+R6XxONod6WY-00201-00074887-00075129 Tell us why you felt it was important to do that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00202-00075129-00075529 [Ginger] Because I've been here for a year and a half and I feel like I've been able
+R6XxONod6WY-00203-00075529-00075925 to travel all over the state and talk to all different people about their experiences with
+R6XxONod6WY-00204-00075925-00076039 the public records law.
+R6XxONod6WY-00205-00076039-00076489 I've spoken to people on the government side and on the requester side, small special districts
+R6XxONod6WY-00206-00076489-00077033 as well as large state agencies, and I feel like that's given me a fuller picture than
+R6XxONod6WY-00207-00077033-00077433 most other people here in the state are able to have because I've spent so much of my time
+R6XxONod6WY-00208-00077433-00077995 and energy devoting it to this, so I wanted to actually put that knowledge into a final
+R6XxONod6WY-00209-00077995-00078520 document that will hopefully inform future conversations about reforms for the public
+R6XxONod6WY-00210-00078520-00078620 records law.
+R6XxONod6WY-00211-00078620-00079395 [Rich] As I read through it I sensed that you had been very careful about observations
+R6XxONod6WY-00212-00079395-00080280 regarding how public records requests sometimes are used as weapons and how we can manage
+R6XxONod6WY-00213-00080280-00080967 the tension between the need for public records and the imposition on state agencies.
+R6XxONod6WY-00214-00080967-00081194 Talk a little bit about that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00215-00081194-00081833 [Ginger] Yeah, so I am quite familiar with the so called "vexatious requester" problem.
+R6XxONod6WY-00216-00081833-00082218 When I was at the Department of Labor we actually received a public records request, I'm not
+R6XxONod6WY-00217-00082218-00082756 kidding, for all of Secretary Acosta's emails, all of them since email began, both business
+R6XxONod6WY-00218-00082756-00082948 and personal apparently.
+R6XxONod6WY-00219-00082948-00083258 Those kinds of requests, you can't even begin to process that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00220-00083258-00083746 I'm also familiar, when I was a requester I would often get stuck in the queue.
+R6XxONod6WY-00221-00083746-00083958 Federal agencies have request queues.
+R6XxONod6WY-00222-00083958-00084456 I would get stuck in the queue behind particularly frequent and voluminous requesters and as
+R6XxONod6WY-00223-00084456-00085007 a requester myself that was very frustrating because I'm waiting for my fairly narrow request
+R6XxONod6WY-00224-00085007-00085410 to be processed while this person who has asked for everything under the sun is getting
+R6XxONod6WY-00225-00085410-00085793 their request processed, so I think that it is a substantial problem.
+R6XxONod6WY-00226-00085793-00086298 There are some people who demand an outsized portion of government resources and that's
+R6XxONod6WY-00227-00086298-00086398 not fair.
+R6XxONod6WY-00228-00086398-00086706 It's not fair to the other requesters, it's not fair to the taxpayers, it's not fair to
+R6XxONod6WY-00229-00086706-00087247 the folks who are working in government, so I do think that we should be properly incentivizing
+R6XxONod6WY-00230-00087247-00087347 narrow requests.
+R6XxONod6WY-00231-00087347-00087818 I think that that is an important aspect of any fee structure, any sort of incentive structure
+R6XxONod6WY-00232-00087818-00088020 that we build into the public records law.
+R6XxONod6WY-00233-00088020-00088718 [Rich] So that's an interesting distinction, a narrow request versus a broad request, I
+R6XxONod6WY-00234-00088718-00088818 guess.
+R6XxONod6WY-00235-00088818-00089243 [Ginger] All records related to, all communications related to, those are very problematic to
+R6XxONod6WY-00236-00089243-00089343 process.
+R6XxONod6WY-00237-00089343-00089893 [Rich] Do you see a possibility for maybe developing a system where the frequent flyer
+R6XxONod6WY-00238-00089893-00090833 would be less inclined to get a records request granted immediately than someone who is maybe
+R6XxONod6WY-00239-00090833-00090975 not a frequent flyer?
+R6XxONod6WY-00240-00090975-00091373 [Ginger] Yeah, I think that there are ways that that could potentially be done.
+R6XxONod6WY-00241-00091373-00091569 It's something that merits investigation.
+R6XxONod6WY-00242-00091569-00091929 I think that that's the sort of thing that the Public Records Advisory Council could
+R6XxONod6WY-00243-00091929-00092422 take up looking into an investigation of what other states or other countries have done
+R6XxONod6WY-00244-00092422-00092920 because most countries around the world now have public records laws so we are seeing
+R6XxONod6WY-00245-00092920-00093288 innovation in other places that we could look at and perhaps follow that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00246-00093288-00093899 [Rich] Give me an example of a country that you've become aware of that has done a pretty
+R6XxONod6WY-00247-00093899-00094043 good job with this issue.
+R6XxONod6WY-00248-00094043-00094549 [Ginger] The Public Records Advisory Committee, the Federal FOIA Advisory Committee has been
+R6XxONod6WY-00249-00094549-00094908 looking at this issue and I've been doing a little bit of research on that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00250-00094908-00095492 I think that various countries have different benefits and drawbacks to their public records
+R6XxONod6WY-00251-00095492-00095592 laws.
+R6XxONod6WY-00252-00095592-00095849 I did see one recently that had something that I really liked.
+R6XxONod6WY-00253-00095849-00096250 I think it was Chile's public records law and I'm gonna just take a moment to thank
+R6XxONod6WY-00254-00096250-00096495 my mother in law who was the one translating this for me.
+R6XxONod6WY-00255-00096495-00096856 She's from Venezuela so we sat together and she helped me go through this law, but it
+R6XxONod6WY-00256-00096856-00097274 has very robust proactive disclosure provisions which I think is great.
+R6XxONod6WY-00257-00097274-00097773 So proactive disclosure is the idea that a public would look at the record sets that
+R6XxONod6WY-00258-00097773-00098206 it has, consider which ones are most frequently requested or which ones are at the highest
+R6XxONod6WY-00259-00098206-00098626 public interest, and then just disclose those proactively instead of waiting for a public
+R6XxONod6WY-00260-00098626-00099068 records request, just routinely put those records up online, and so this law, I think
+R6XxONod6WY-00261-00099068-00099543 it was Chile's law had very robust provisions for all of the different sets of government
+R6XxONod6WY-00262-00099543-00099954 documents that had to be proactively posted, and I think that that would be something that
+R6XxONod6WY-00263-00099954-00100055 would be really great to adopt.
+R6XxONod6WY-00264-00100055-00100212 I think that's a very good model.
+R6XxONod6WY-00265-00100212-00100341 [Rich] Well, that's interesting.
+R6XxONod6WY-00266-00100341-00101062 Here at the Secretary of State's office we're actually working on a open checkbook where
+R6XxONod6WY-00267-00101062-00101793 we would actually be able to load up every single bill that was paid, every single statement
+R6XxONod6WY-00268-00101793-00102651 that we got for fees or services, every salary, basically every dollar that we spend in the
+R6XxONod6WY-00269-00102651-00103144 Secretary of State's office would just automatically go online so you don't have to ask for it.
+R6XxONod6WY-00270-00103144-00103244 [Ginger] That's great.
+R6XxONod6WY-00271-00103244-00103967 [Rich] Now I can see where the financial records, that would make sense, but I'm wondering again
+R6XxONod6WY-00272-00103967-00104621 as a former legislator whether I would want all my emails to automatically be made public
+R6XxONod6WY-00273-00104621-00104813 as soon as they were done.
+R6XxONod6WY-00274-00104813-00105052 [Ginger] Yeah, emails are a trickier one.
+R6XxONod6WY-00275-00105052-00105384 You'd have to spend a lot of time reviewing them and redacting out the relevant parts.
+R6XxONod6WY-00276-00105384-00105890 [Rich] I know at the Department of Labor they have pretty robust proactive disclosure of,
+R6XxONod6WY-00277-00105890-00106349 for instance, occupational safety inspection results, so they have that up online in a
+R6XxONod6WY-00278-00106349-00106900 searchable database so those sorts of things are a good dataset for disclosure online,
+R6XxONod6WY-00279-00106900-00107374 and I know Oregon does have a couple of proactive disclosure websites, data.oregon.gov.
+R6XxONod6WY-00280-00107374-00107849 There's a Oregon transparency, I forget what the URL is for that one, but I think it's
+R6XxONod6WY-00281-00107849-00107982 a good step.
+R6XxONod6WY-00282-00107982-00108154 Not everything can be proactively disclosed though.
+R6XxONod6WY-00283-00108154-00108502 I think email is a very tricky one to proactively disclose.
+R6XxONod6WY-00284-00108502-00109240 [Rich] As a lawyer tell us how you see the intersection between attorney-client privilege
+R6XxONod6WY-00285-00109240-00109422 and public documents working.
+R6XxONod6WY-00286-00109422-00109809 [Ginger] Yeah, so that is also a really tricky one.
+R6XxONod6WY-00287-00109809-00110313 Attorney-client privilege is pretty important for a government to be able to function properly.
+R6XxONod6WY-00288-00110313-00110919 What you don't wanna do is disincentivizes public bodies from seeking legal counsel.
+R6XxONod6WY-00289-00110919-00111284 You want public bodies to be seeking legal counsel before they make decisions.
+R6XxONod6WY-00290-00111284-00111514 That is very important to incentivize.
+R6XxONod6WY-00291-00111514-00112063 So any structure for disclosure that would disincentivize that and make people less likely
+R6XxONod6WY-00292-00112063-00112454 to put things in writing, less likely to reach out to their agency counsel, that would be
+R6XxONod6WY-00293-00112454-00112554 very problematic.
+R6XxONod6WY-00294-00112554-00113290 [Rich] I spent about 35 years as a homeowner association attorney, constantly we would
+R6XxONod6WY-00295-00113290-00114120 get public records requests to the HOA Board of Directors for what the advise was that
+R6XxONod6WY-00296-00114120-00114315 we had given that board.
+R6XxONod6WY-00297-00114315-00114902 For example, in connection with interpretation of their declaration or bylaws.
+R6XxONod6WY-00298-00114902-00115647 When that happened it was always difficult for me to really wrap my head around where
+R6XxONod6WY-00299-00115647-00116558 we should let folks know how the public official was delivering versus give that attorney-client
+R6XxONod6WY-00300-00116558-00116951 privilege the weight that it's typically given.
+R6XxONod6WY-00301-00116951-00117404 Do you think that attorney-client privilege is something that we're likely to see some
+R6XxONod6WY-00302-00117404-00117657 pullback on in government?
+R6XxONod6WY-00303-00117657-00118336 [Ginger] Potentially, especially if there are offices that are overusing that privilege.
+R6XxONod6WY-00304-00118336-00118874 I have heard anecdotally that there are perhaps people in state government where anytime an
+R6XxONod6WY-00305-00118874-00119246 attorney is emailing anyone else they're trying to claim that that's attorney-client privilege.
+R6XxONod6WY-00306-00119246-00119408 It is not.
+R6XxONod6WY-00307-00119408-00119878 There are pretty strict guidelines for what attorney-client privilege is and I think that
+R6XxONod6WY-00308-00119878-00120284 anytime there's some sort of overreach in government there is always the possibility
+R6XxONod6WY-00309-00120284-00120945 of then a legislative fix that sort of draws back on that, so that's something to keep
+R6XxONod6WY-00310-00120945-00121045 in mind.
+R6XxONod6WY-00311-00121045-00121279 I also think it's important.
+R6XxONod6WY-00312-00121279-00121526 Attorney-client privilege often comes up in the context of Federal Government.
+R6XxONod6WY-00313-00121526-00121951 I know there have been really intense conversations about for instance, the Office of Legal Counsel
+R6XxONod6WY-00314-00121951-00122160 memos in the Federal Government.
+R6XxONod6WY-00315-00122160-00122635 If something is a final decision, if it has become law, if it is being implemented then
+R6XxONod6WY-00316-00122635-00122832 there should be no secret laws.
+R6XxONod6WY-00317-00122832-00123124 Those memos should be disclosed.
+R6XxONod6WY-00318-00123124-00123313 It's a tricky place to draw the line.
+R6XxONod6WY-00319-00123313-00123570 [Rich] Let's talk about fees for a bit.
+R6XxONod6WY-00320-00123570-00124107 You spent a big chunk of this final report on fees.
+R6XxONod6WY-00321-00124107-00124752 Is there an answer that actually strikes a good balance with respect to fees?
+R6XxONod6WY-00322-00124752-00125164 [Ginger] So the general answer for anything about public records is there is no perfect
+R6XxONod6WY-00323-00125164-00125324 answer, there is no silver bullet.
+R6XxONod6WY-00324-00125324-00125783 I think that the proposal that I put together here, this is just my proposal based on my
+R6XxONod6WY-00325-00125783-00126095 knowledge and experience, and the conversations I've had here.
+R6XxONod6WY-00326-00126095-00126459 I hope that the counsel will take it up, that the legislature will take it up and have further
+R6XxONod6WY-00327-00126459-00126638 conversations about this.
+R6XxONod6WY-00328-00126638-00127233 I did attempt to strike a balance there that will incentivize narrow requests but will
+R6XxONod6WY-00329-00127233-00127920 also at the same time be privileging public interest requests which I think is important.
+R6XxONod6WY-00330-00127920-00128336 I know some people don't think that news media should have special status, but I really do
+R6XxONod6WY-00331-00128336-00128876 feel that it's important to give special status and reduced fees to folks who are doing the
+R6XxONod6WY-00332-00128876-00129489 request in the public interest because in the end if you are reducing fees on public
+R6XxONod6WY-00333-00129489-00129816 records requests that is a form of subsidizing, right?
+R6XxONod6WY-00334-00129816-00130122 You wanna subsidize things that are in the public interest more than you would want to
+R6XxONod6WY-00335-00130122-00130653 subsidize for instance someone who's making a request for the purposes of litigation or
+R6XxONod6WY-00336-00130653-00130808 a company that's making a request.
+R6XxONod6WY-00337-00130808-00131130 They want that data so they can repackage it and sell it to folks.
+R6XxONod6WY-00338-00131130-00131628 You would wanna treat news media differently than you would wanna treat a commercial requester,
+R6XxONod6WY-00339-00131628-00132082 so I think that that's an important aspect of this balance, but also setting low hourly
+R6XxONod6WY-00340-00132082-00132342 rates I think is very important.
+R6XxONod6WY-00341-00132342-00132927 Most people cannot afford to pay $75 an hour for a managerial government employee or a
+R6XxONod6WY-00342-00132927-00133237 professional level government employee to review or search for documents.
+R6XxONod6WY-00343-00133237-00133371 That is just not affordable.
+R6XxONod6WY-00344-00133371-00133954 That is a clear barrier and no one can afford to pay $180 an hour for an attorney to review
+R6XxONod6WY-00345-00133954-00134054 documents.
+R6XxONod6WY-00346-00134054-00134205 That is just unattainable for most folks.
+R6XxONod6WY-00347-00134205-00134340 [Rich] And that's a low rate.
+R6XxONod6WY-00348-00134340-00134564 [Ginger] Yeah, that is and I have heard that that's going up.
+R6XxONod6WY-00349-00134564-00135064 When I asked someone at DOJ about that I was told that it might be going up to about $225
+R6XxONod6WY-00350-00135064-00135220 which is just unaffordable.
+R6XxONod6WY-00351-00135220-00135339 No one can afford that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00352-00135339-00135738 That's a clear barrier to entry and if we do wanna make public records accessible, and
+R6XxONod6WY-00353-00135738-00136423 accessible to everyone then we have to set hourly rates that are realistic for an average
+R6XxONod6WY-00354-00136423-00136686 person, at an average salary to be able to pay.
+R6XxONod6WY-00355-00136686-00137119 [Rich] So Maine has their's at $15 an hour.
+R6XxONod6WY-00356-00137119-00137864 Is that reasonable to impose upon an agency that they put somebody on this at $15 an hour
+R6XxONod6WY-00357-00137864-00138225 but maybe they're paying that person $30 or $40 an hour.
+R6XxONod6WY-00358-00138225-00138659 [Ginger] I think it's reasonable if what you're aiming for is openness and the other piece
+R6XxONod6WY-00359-00138659-00139083 that I did write about is that there has to a greater investment in public records on
+R6XxONod6WY-00360-00139083-00139364 the part of the legislature, on the part of agency leadership.
+R6XxONod6WY-00361-00139364-00139769 There should be more investment in public records programs.
+R6XxONod6WY-00362-00139769-00140212 At a federal agency, and I also looked at some of the federal agency billing rates,
+R6XxONod6WY-00363-00140212-00140822 a lot of the federal agencies do charge less hourly than Oregon government does and federal
+R6XxONod6WY-00364-00140822-00141175 employees are getting paid at a higher rate because they're living in DC which has a higher
+R6XxONod6WY-00365-00141175-00141766 cost of living, so I think taking that into account, I do think there's a possibility
+R6XxONod6WY-00366-00141766-00142321 to charge lower fees if there's more investment at the legislature level and at the leadership
+R6XxONod6WY-00367-00142321-00142804 level, and I also would say I've heard a lot of complaints from folks in the requester
+R6XxONod6WY-00368-00142804-00143526 community who are upset because public records officers or public information officers who
+R6XxONod6WY-00369-00143526-00143976 are doing the processing on these requests, those people's job, their job description
+R6XxONod6WY-00370-00143976-00144166 is processing public records requests.
+R6XxONod6WY-00371-00144166-00144630 That is what they're being paid for, but then they're also gonna bill folks for that processing?
+R6XxONod6WY-00372-00144630-00144855 That just seems a little redundant.
+R6XxONod6WY-00373-00144855-00145684 [Rich] It strikes me that this is the place that probably ends up being where the rubber
+R6XxONod6WY-00374-00145684-00145890 hits the road on public record requests.
+R6XxONod6WY-00375-00145890-00146005 [Ginger] Yeah, money.
+R6XxONod6WY-00376-00146005-00146237 It's all about money.
+R6XxONod6WY-00377-00146237-00146873 [Rich] Of course you've got all the folks that say government is wasteful and we've
+R6XxONod6WY-00378-00146873-00147372 gotta cut back, we cant' have so many employees and then you've got another group of employees
+R6XxONod6WY-00379-00147372-00148088 that are, or another group of politicians that say, "Oh, no, we need to give more and
+R6XxONod6WY-00380-00148088-00148251 more money to government."
+R6XxONod6WY-00381-00148251-00148953 If we standardize our fee scheduling and we tried it for a while would that be the way
+R6XxONod6WY-00382-00148953-00149595 to test the waters and see if we can find the good balance point?
+R6XxONod6WY-00383-00149595-00149858 [Ginger] Yeah, I think that that's a great idea.
+R6XxONod6WY-00384-00149858-00150350 States are supposed to be laboratories of democracy, and I also wanna say that public
+R6XxONod6WY-00385-00150350-00150714 records requests cost money but they also save money.
+R6XxONod6WY-00386-00150714-00151099 There are a lot of public records request stories, especially at the news media stories
+R6XxONod6WY-00387-00151099-00151321 that end with the government saving money.
+R6XxONod6WY-00388-00151321-00151823 They uncover government waste and problematic government programs that are overspending
+R6XxONod6WY-00389-00151823-00152308 and then those are curtailed and cut back as a result of that, so public records requests
+R6XxONod6WY-00390-00152308-00152687 in some ways end up saving money a lot of the time because they reveal that government
+R6XxONod6WY-00391-00152687-00153162 waste, so I do think that's a relevant thing to think about too when thinking about the
+R6XxONod6WY-00392-00153162-00153339 cost of public records requests.
+R6XxONod6WY-00393-00153339-00154200 [Rich] Now some would argue that that job of the press really should be left to internal
+R6XxONod6WY-00394-00154200-00154300 auditors.
+R6XxONod6WY-00395-00154300-00154864 [Ginger] Ideally, yes, unfortunately sometimes it doesn't work that way and also you have
+R6XxONod6WY-00396-00154864-00154964 an auditing program.
+R6XxONod6WY-00397-00154964-00155414 It only has so many staff, they only have so many hours, and the government is so large
+R6XxONod6WY-00398-00155414-00155563 at this point.
+R6XxONod6WY-00399-00155563-00155946 It might take sometimes folks on the outside to see things on the inside.
+R6XxONod6WY-00400-00155946-00156495 [Rich] One of the things though that that raises is who is the news media today?
+R6XxONod6WY-00401-00156495-00156862 [Ginger] Under the federal, FOIA, it's a very expansive definition.
+R6XxONod6WY-00402-00156862-00157392 They had amended FOIA I think it was in 2008 Amendments to FOIA to include new media which
+R6XxONod6WY-00403-00157392-00158139 includes bloggers, people in the newer Internet media atmosphere and I think that that's appropriate
+R6XxONod6WY-00404-00158139-00158540 because a lot of the publications that we're seeing now that are really impactful have
+R6XxONod6WY-00405-00158540-00158640 moved online.
+R6XxONod6WY-00406-00158640-00159364 They don't even have a print aspect to them anymore, so I think including bloggers or
+R6XxONod6WY-00407-00159364-00159977 purely Internet centric publications so long as they have a proven and demonstrated following,
+R6XxONod6WY-00408-00159977-00160373 so long as they're taking public records out to the public and sharing them with the public
+R6XxONod6WY-00409-00160373-00160790 to benefit the public, I think that that is appropriate to include them in that definition.
+R6XxONod6WY-00410-00160790-00161426 [Rich] So does FOIA actually have a description of what would be news media?
+R6XxONod6WY-00411-00161426-00161971 [Ginger] It does, within the statute there is a description and then also agency regulations
+R6XxONod6WY-00412-00161971-00162783 further flesh that out, and under FOIA there's also very long and robust case law that further
+R6XxONod6WY-00413-00162783-00163298 describes what news media would be that hashes out all of the factual specifics about who
+R6XxONod6WY-00414-00163298-00163528 is news media and who is not.
+R6XxONod6WY-00415-00163528-00163974 For instance, under that case law the organization that I worked at, EPIC is considered news
+R6XxONod6WY-00416-00163974-00164437 media for the purposes of FOIA because EPIC has for the last 25 years or so put out a
+R6XxONod6WY-00417-00164437-00164975 bi-weekly newsletter that has a substantial subscriber list, so EPIC is in the business
+R6XxONod6WY-00418-00164975-00165250 of sharing information out with the public.
+R6XxONod6WY-00419-00165250-00165517 [Rich] Case law is an interesting thing.
+R6XxONod6WY-00420-00165517-00166129 Oregon wouldn't necessarily be bound by the FOIA case law, but when you were doing facilitated
+R6XxONod6WY-00421-00166129-00166790 assistance or mediation type processes with folks, would you use that FOIA case law?
+R6XxONod6WY-00422-00166790-00167426 [Ginger] Not so much, but I did use the knowledge that I had of public records laws generally
+R6XxONod6WY-00423-00167426-00167623 and that was often useful to me.
+R6XxONod6WY-00424-00167623-00168158 I used the knowledge that I had from my time being a requester under the FOIA to help to
+R6XxONod6WY-00425-00168158-00168626 assist those requesters and also to help to advise folks on the government side.
+R6XxONod6WY-00426-00168626-00169228 [Rich] Tell me more about what really happens with those mediation engagements.
+R6XxONod6WY-00427-00169228-00169367 Were you actually the mediator?
+R6XxONod6WY-00428-00169367-00169934 [Ginger] So I was usually facilitating communication, not surprisingly, it didn't really seem like
+R6XxONod6WY-00429-00169934-00170387 anyone was interested in a formalized mediation process for a public records request because
+R6XxONod6WY-00430-00170387-00170685 that's usually a longer more lengthy process.
+R6XxONod6WY-00431-00170685-00171102 What they really wanted was someone to cut through the red tape, so that was really my
+R6XxONod6WY-00432-00171102-00171212 job.
+R6XxONod6WY-00433-00171212-00171721 I would be contacted often times by the requester and they would say, "I haven't heard anything
+R6XxONod6WY-00434-00171721-00171830 back about my request.
+R6XxONod6WY-00435-00171830-00172003 "The agency seems to be stonewalling me.
+R6XxONod6WY-00436-00172003-00172104 "Can you reach out to them?"
+R6XxONod6WY-00437-00172104-00172458 And I would reach out to the agency and usually there was something going on on the other
+R6XxONod6WY-00438-00172458-00172917 side, that wasn't bad faith, it was just the agency has a large backlog of requests, or
+R6XxONod6WY-00439-00172917-00173415 someone is on leave, or they need to do a very broad search in response to that request
+R6XxONod6WY-00440-00173415-00173800 and that's taking some time, so I would get that information and I would work with the
+R6XxONod6WY-00441-00173800-00174192 agency to try to get things moving and then I would reach back out to the requester and
+R6XxONod6WY-00442-00174192-00174678 let them know where things stand, maybe talk to them about potentially narrowing the request.
+R6XxONod6WY-00443-00174678-00175261 It seemed like a lot of my role was just facilitating communication and trying to get rid of those
+R6XxONod6WY-00444-00175261-00175705 communication barriers and to help to build a better rapport between the requester and
+R6XxONod6WY-00445-00175705-00175805 the agency.
+R6XxONod6WY-00446-00175805-00176276 [Rich] I'm curious is there any particular experience that stands out for you while you
+R6XxONod6WY-00447-00176276-00176840 were serving, somebody that you helped that you feel real good about, or tell a story
+R6XxONod6WY-00448-00176840-00176989 or two about that?
+R6XxONod6WY-00449-00176989-00177321 [Ginger] There were a couple of times where folks on the agency side reached out to me
+R6XxONod6WY-00450-00177321-00177959 to talk about their public records policies and to let us look over their public records
+R6XxONod6WY-00451-00177959-00178371 policy and give input on that and I think that that was really beneficial because those
+R6XxONod6WY-00452-00178371-00178648 policies will impact lots of requesters.
+R6XxONod6WY-00453-00178648-00178972 There were also a couple of times where I was working with news media requesters who
+R6XxONod6WY-00454-00178972-00179521 were trying to get a hold of documents and I helped to facilitate that process and move
+R6XxONod6WY-00455-00179521-00180029 things along, and ease the communication problems with the agency, and then it was really gratifying
+R6XxONod6WY-00456-00180029-00180615 to see the news stories come out later that were using those documents, so those days
+R6XxONod6WY-00457-00180615-00181041 always felt really good and I also really, really enjoyed doing the trainings.
+R6XxONod6WY-00458-00181041-00181521 I heard from someone as I was departing who contacted me.
+R6XxONod6WY-00459-00181521-00181963 She works with government folks on the other side of the state and she told me that after
+R6XxONod6WY-00460-00181963-00182376 the trainings that I had done over on that side of the state and some areas that oftentimes
+R6XxONod6WY-00461-00182376-00182768 don't get a lot of outreach from the state government over here on the other side of
+R6XxONod6WY-00462-00182768-00182868 the mountains.
+R6XxONod6WY-00463-00182868-00183265 She said that she had seen a real meaningful change in the way that public bodies were
+R6XxONod6WY-00464-00183265-00183428 handling public records requests.
+R6XxONod6WY-00465-00183428-00183827 It seemed like they were much more confident, that they really knew what to do much more
+R6XxONod6WY-00466-00183827-00184341 now that they had actually had some training, so I felt really good about that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00467-00184341-00184848 [Rich] I have to say I'm actually a little bit jealous of all the travel that you got
+R6XxONod6WY-00468-00184848-00184948 to do.
+R6XxONod6WY-00469-00184948-00185310 It sounds like a fun thing.
+R6XxONod6WY-00470-00185310-00185776 Places like Wheeler County, hardly any of us ever get out there, but that's a gorgeous
+R6XxONod6WY-00471-00185776-00185942 little spot on the Earth.
+R6XxONod6WY-00472-00185942-00186212 [Ginger] Yeah, and I got to go to Pendleton and Baker City.
+R6XxONod6WY-00473-00186212-00186807 I got to travel down to the southern part of the state to Klamath falls.
+R6XxONod6WY-00474-00186807-00187242 I really got to see some amazing places and meet some fantastic people.
+R6XxONod6WY-00475-00187242-00187496 [Rich] Now that's fun.
+R6XxONod6WY-00476-00187496-00188419 Anticipatory kinds of processes that the pre-mature transparency in some people's minds, tell
+R6XxONod6WY-00477-00188419-00188707 us how you think that might develop as we go on.
+R6XxONod6WY-00478-00188707-00189339 [Ginger] The idea, it's often times called proactive disclosure and the concept is for
+R6XxONod6WY-00479-00189339-00189776 a public body to look at the datasets that it has, try to ascertain which ones would
+R6XxONod6WY-00480-00189776-00190235 be a particular public interest, oftentimes by looking at prior public records requests,
+R6XxONod6WY-00481-00190235-00190667 and then proactively put those up online for the public to be able to access.
+R6XxONod6WY-00482-00190667-00191026 I think that that can really go hand in hand with public records requests.
+R6XxONod6WY-00483-00191026-00191466 One thing that would be really important to try to aid that process would be to procure
+R6XxONod6WY-00484-00191466-00192041 some kind of public records processing software so that requests can be tracked as they go
+R6XxONod6WY-00485-00192041-00192430 through the system and then if the document set is disclosed then it could potentially
+R6XxONod6WY-00486-00192430-00192738 just be posted up online for everyone to see.
+R6XxONod6WY-00487-00192738-00193095 I know that the governor's office does this and I think that that's a really good move
+R6XxONod6WY-00488-00193095-00193713 in favor of transparency, and some of the tools do have that capability to automatically
+R6XxONod6WY-00489-00193713-00194142 post the documents up online once they're disclosed, so I think that that would be a
+R6XxONod6WY-00490-00194142-00194725 good first step, also having agencies have more ability to track what requests they're
+R6XxONod6WY-00491-00194725-00195069 processing, what documents are frequently being requested and then ensure that those
+R6XxONod6WY-00492-00195069-00195563 go up online either through that portal or through one of Oregon's transparency websites.
+R6XxONod6WY-00493-00195563-00195957 I think that would also be a good move in favor of proactive disclosure.
+R6XxONod6WY-00494-00195957-00196332 [Rich] Now it takes some resources to do that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00495-00196332-00196944 Would it be appropriate if you did have a set of records that were easily available
+R6XxONod6WY-00496-00196944-00197524 to somebody online to still charge a fee for someone accessing those records to try and
+R6XxONod6WY-00497-00197524-00197966 recover some of the work that had gone into getting them up there in the first place?
+R6XxONod6WY-00498-00197966-00198328 [Ginger] Probably not in that instance if the records have already been requested and
+R6XxONod6WY-00499-00198328-00198754 someone has already paid for them, and the cost has already been paid, I think it makes
+R6XxONod6WY-00500-00198754-00199182 sense to put them up online and at that point not charge anymore.
+R6XxONod6WY-00501-00199182-00199477 The way the federal agencies do it is usually that way.
+R6XxONod6WY-00502-00199477-00199677 There'll be a request.
+R6XxONod6WY-00503-00199677-00200022 Perhaps that requester does have to pay for the documents, but then they're available
+R6XxONod6WY-00504-00200022-00200408 online for anyone because the requesters could also do that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00505-00200408-00200713 They could also take the documents and put them up online and some of them do.
+R6XxONod6WY-00506-00200713-00201300 [Rich] I'm thinking that it would be interesting if we had a system where if you were the first
+R6XxONod6WY-00507-00201300-00201775 requester, but you could make the case that this was a set of documents that was likely
+R6XxONod6WY-00508-00201775-00202450 to be requested again and should be generally available that you might be able to negotiate
+R6XxONod6WY-00509-00202450-00203063 for a lower fee that would spread that cost out over a longer period of time.
+R6XxONod6WY-00510-00203063-00203631 [Ginger] Yeah, because you'd be able to make a strong argument that they are public interest,
+R6XxONod6WY-00511-00203631-00203921 so maybe you should have a public interest fee waiver or reduction.
+R6XxONod6WY-00512-00203921-00204347 [Rich] Let's talk about for a moment the mediation stuff again.
+R6XxONod6WY-00513-00204347-00204782 I love mediation, but mediation is just that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00514-00204782-00204992 You don't have anybody making a decision.
+R6XxONod6WY-00515-00204992-00205781 Is there anything in the Oregon law short of going to court between your facilitated
+R6XxONod6WY-00516-00205781-00206165 assistance and, nope, we can't resolve this, we've gotta go sue each other.
+R6XxONod6WY-00517-00206165-00206589 Is there an arbitration element there that people can choose?
+R6XxONod6WY-00518-00206589-00206863 [Ginger] There is an intermediate appeal option.
+R6XxONod6WY-00519-00206863-00207309 If you're dealing with records of a state agency and non-elected official then you can
+R6XxONod6WY-00520-00207309-00207519 appeal to the attorney general.
+R6XxONod6WY-00521-00207519-00208187 If you are asking for records from a local entity, any non-elected local public body,
+R6XxONod6WY-00522-00208187-00208404 then you can appeal to that local distract attorney.
+R6XxONod6WY-00523-00208404-00208812 So those are the intermediate appeal options, and unlike me the attorney general or the
+R6XxONod6WY-00524-00208812-00209141 district attorney can make an order that's binding to the agency.
+R6XxONod6WY-00525-00209141-00209391 They can order the agency to disclose documents.
+R6XxONod6WY-00526-00209391-00209619 They can order the agency to give a fee waiver.
+R6XxONod6WY-00527-00209619-00209834 I can't order anyone to do anything.
+R6XxONod6WY-00528-00209834-00210306 [Rich] Interesting, I did not know that DOJ could actually issue that order and how do
+R6XxONod6WY-00529-00210306-00210406 they enforce that order?
+R6XxONod6WY-00530-00210406-00210778 [Ginger] Well, I guess it's just a good faith kind of thing.
+R6XxONod6WY-00531-00210778-00211209 If the agency doesn't like that order what they would then do is take the matter to court
+R6XxONod6WY-00532-00211209-00211707 because agencies can take it to court after they get an attorney general's order that
+R6XxONod6WY-00533-00211707-00211807 they don't like.
+R6XxONod6WY-00534-00211807-00212238 [Rich] I think we've covered all of the things that I was hoping to cover.
+R6XxONod6WY-00535-00212238-00212581 Anything that you can think of that we haven't talked about?
+R6XxONod6WY-00536-00212581-00213121 Anything important for our listeners to know about the office of the public records advocate?
+R6XxONod6WY-00537-00213121-00213581 [Ginger] One thing that's important just about government in general and not specific to
+R6XxONod6WY-00538-00213581-00213977 my office is just the importance of citizen engagement.
+R6XxONod6WY-00539-00213977-00214444 What we saw here after I submitted my resignation, there's another universe in which I submit
+R6XxONod6WY-00540-00214444-00214853 my resignation and no one really cares about this issue and no one even asks for the letter
+R6XxONod6WY-00541-00214853-00215294 of resignation, and then nothing happens, but instead what happened here is that there
+R6XxONod6WY-00542-00215294-00215498 was a lot of engagement by the public.
+R6XxONod6WY-00543-00215498-00215975 People showed up at the Public Records Advisory Council Meeting, they submitted comments to
+R6XxONod6WY-00544-00215975-00216442 the counsel, they commented online, they commented on social media, they really engaged with
+R6XxONod6WY-00545-00216442-00216542 it.
+R6XxONod6WY-00546-00216542-00216878 There were editorials in the newspapers, there were people who wrote letters to the editor
+R6XxONod6WY-00547-00216878-00217616 as well, and because of that engagement the counsel had to actually step forward and make
+R6XxONod6WY-00548-00217616-00217742 some reforms.
+R6XxONod6WY-00549-00217742-00218256 The government had to commit publicly to supporting those reforms, but that wasn't about me, it
+R6XxONod6WY-00550-00218256-00218681 wasn't about anything that I did, it was about what the public did and what the press did,
+R6XxONod6WY-00551-00218681-00219017 and the fact that people cared about it and they engaged with government.
+R6XxONod6WY-00552-00219017-00219604 So I think that there is an aspect of what transpired with me and with my office that
+R6XxONod6WY-00553-00219604-00220228 could potentially create more cynicism among the public, but I don't think cynicism is
+R6XxONod6WY-00554-00220228-00220392 really the lesson of this story.
+R6XxONod6WY-00555-00220392-00220925 I think this is actually an optimistic story and it's a story about what happens when people
+R6XxONod6WY-00556-00220925-00221363 in the public and in the news media, and in the government care, and they engage with
+R6XxONod6WY-00557-00221363-00221823 government and they try to make government better, so I think that this is a story with
+R6XxONod6WY-00558-00221823-00222275 a happy ending although it's not for me personally a happy ending because I loved this job and
+R6XxONod6WY-00559-00222275-00222785 I'm sadly having to leave it, but I think that for the office and for good government,
+R6XxONod6WY-00560-00222785-00222941 it is a happy ending.
+R6XxONod6WY-00561-00222941-00223342 [Rich] I want you to know that we at the Secretary of State's office certainly appreciate the
+R6XxONod6WY-00562-00223342-00223601 work that you've done there.
+R6XxONod6WY-00563-00223601-00224102 Describe to us your perfect person to replace you in this job?
+R6XxONod6WY-00564-00224102-00224561 [Ginger] I think it should be someone who really, really cares about good government
+R6XxONod6WY-00565-00224561-00225069 and government transparency issues, someone who's passionate about that who also has a
+R6XxONod6WY-00566-00225069-00225592 customer service mindset, and wants to assist members of the public and wants to assist
+R6XxONod6WY-00567-00225592-00225761 other members of government.
+R6XxONod6WY-00568-00225761-00226194 It should be someone who also has a personality that's fairly engaging because the trainings
+R6XxONod6WY-00569-00226194-00226741 are an important aspect of this and to be able to engage in trainings, to be able to
+R6XxONod6WY-00570-00226741-00227139 draw people in and answer their questions, and have that sort of attitude I think would
+R6XxONod6WY-00571-00227139-00227896 be really helpful in this role, but also someone who, inclined and has a personality to be
+R6XxONod6WY-00572-00227896-00228321 sympathetic with others and want to help them in their problems, to have a personality where
+R6XxONod6WY-00573-00228321-00228494 they want to help.
+R6XxONod6WY-00574-00228494-00228976 I think that those are all really necessary aspects of this job and I hope to see them
+R6XxONod6WY-00575-00228976-00229281 in the person who ends up assuming this role after I have left.
+R6XxONod6WY-00576-00229281-00229801 [Rich] There was one more thing that I wanted to talk about, something we talked about the
+R6XxONod6WY-00577-00229801-00230061 other day, the deliberation exemptions.
+R6XxONod6WY-00578-00230061-00230469 I've been thinking about that a lot.
+R6XxONod6WY-00579-00230469-00231221 This has got to be a very, very thin line to try and walk.
+R6XxONod6WY-00580-00231221-00232023 How important do you think is it for us to at least make an attempt to give agency heads
+R6XxONod6WY-00581-00232023-00233038 or folks that are engaged in public service some ability to inform one another in nuanced
+R6XxONod6WY-00582-00233038-00233653 conversation without being worried that somebody was gonna pull 144 characters out and put
+R6XxONod6WY-00583-00233653-00233844 it up online and have it misunderstood.
+R6XxONod6WY-00584-00233844-00234377 [Ginger] I do think that there is an important aspect to that and that was part of why that
+R6XxONod6WY-00585-00234377-00234964 deliberative process privilege was so firmly enshrined in the Federal FOIA is because Congress
+R6XxONod6WY-00586-00234964-00235606 recognized the importance of folks and agency decision makers being able to have candid
+R6XxONod6WY-00587-00235606-00235706 discussions.
+R6XxONod6WY-00588-00235706-00235985 That was the whole purpose of that exemption.
+R6XxONod6WY-00589-00235985-00236369 I think it needs to be weighed and balanced against the need for the public to know what's
+R6XxONod6WY-00590-00236369-00236809 going on in government and be informed about what their government is doing on their behalf,
+R6XxONod6WY-00591-00236809-00237253 but I certainly think that it's an area where it would be beneficial to have conversations
+R6XxONod6WY-00592-00237253-00237507 about how we want to strike that balance.
+R6XxONod6WY-00593-00237507-00238001 The business of good policy making is about having those conversations, those nuanced
+R6XxONod6WY-00594-00238001-00238480 conversations about how we want to strike balances because there are costs and benefits
+R6XxONod6WY-00595-00238480-00238646 on both sides of that equation.
+R6XxONod6WY-00596-00238646-00239305 [Rich] Reading the case law as I'm sure you've done on this, do you think the courts have
+R6XxONod6WY-00597-00239305-00239728 struck the correct balance presently with the federal law?
+R6XxONod6WY-00598-00239728-00239989 [Ginger] By and large they have.
+R6XxONod6WY-00599-00239989-00240396 Generally under the federal law final decisions are never protected from disclosure.
+R6XxONod6WY-00600-00240396-00240639 Final decisions always have to be disclosed.
+R6XxONod6WY-00601-00240639-00241117 The policy of discussions, the discussions that involve just opinions, those are what's
+R6XxONod6WY-00602-00241117-00241221 protected.
+R6XxONod6WY-00603-00241221-00241555 Facts generally have to be disclosed and I do think that that's a pretty good place to
+R6XxONod6WY-00604-00241555-00241696 strike the balance.
+R6XxONod6WY-00605-00241696-00242317 There have been potential overuses of that exemption under the Federal FOIA, especially
+R6XxONod6WY-00606-00242317-00243015 in relation to, for instance, Office of Legal Counsel memos coming out of the Federal DOJ
+R6XxONod6WY-00607-00243015-00243527 and sometimes high level decision makers discussions that end up actually being the final rule.
+R6XxONod6WY-00608-00243527-00243931 Sometimes those have been protected when they probably ought not be, but I think on the
+R6XxONod6WY-00609-00243931-00244325 whole the balance that the FOIA has struck has been good and beneficial.
+R6XxONod6WY-00610-00244325-00244692 One of the things that has troubled me here in Oregon state government is that there's
+R6XxONod6WY-00611-00244692-00245317 a lot of reluctance to put discussions into writing, so we end up losing all of the background
+R6XxONod6WY-00612-00245317-00245555 of why a decision was made.
+R6XxONod6WY-00613-00245555-00245846 Under the Federal FOIA you could potentially get a hold of that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00614-00245846-00246413 After a certain number of years the delivery process privilege expires, so there's at least
+R6XxONod6WY-00615-00246413-00246975 a historical record there that people can perhaps go back and get in 10 or 20 years.
+R6XxONod6WY-00616-00246975-00247480 It troubles me to think that there are decisions being made here where there is no historical
+R6XxONod6WY-00617-00247480-00248091 record, no written record of what led to that decision being left behind.
+R6XxONod6WY-00618-00248091-00248280 [Rich] Let's talk about that.
+R6XxONod6WY-00619-00248280-00248482 Why does the background matter?
+R6XxONod6WY-00620-00248482-00249355 For example, in HOA law we advise homeowner associations when you are taking minutes of
+R6XxONod6WY-00621-00249355-00249936 a board of director meeting, don't try and reflect every word that every board member
+R6XxONod6WY-00622-00249936-00250640 says because then we'll just have folks challenging every word that every director says, but tell
+R6XxONod6WY-00623-00250640-00251092 us what the proposal was and what the decision was?
+R6XxONod6WY-00624-00251092-00251567 What good does it do us to know what they were thinking when they made that decision?
+R6XxONod6WY-00625-00251567-00252308 [Ginger] Well, because sometimes faulty facts or faulty understandings, or opinions that
+R6XxONod6WY-00626-00252308-00252912 are based on things like bias or animosity end up leading to bad decisions, so it would
+R6XxONod6WY-00627-00252912-00253376 be helpful in evaluating that decision, to be able to evaluate what was it that lead
+R6XxONod6WY-00628-00253376-00253509 us to this decision?
+R6XxONod6WY-00629-00253509-00253609 How did we get here?
+R6XxONod6WY-00630-00253609-00253929 [Rich] That's a very important observation.
+R6XxONod6WY-00631-00253929-00254711 If we don't have a historical record is what you're saying, we really have no framework
+R6XxONod6WY-00632-00254711-00255358 from which to analyze whether that was a good decision or what happened that we made a bad
+R6XxONod6WY-00633-00255358-00255458 decision.
+R6XxONod6WY-00634-00255458-00255558 [Ginger] Exactly, it's context.
+R6XxONod6WY-00635-00255558-00255908 [Rich] This has been the Oregon Matters of State podcast.
+R6XxONod6WY-00636-00255908-00256275 This edition was recorded on October 14th, 2019.
+R6XxONod6WY-00637-00256275-00256779 Today's guest has been Public Records Advocate Ginger McCall.
+R6XxONod6WY-00638-00256779-00257228 You can hear all of the Oregon Matters of Sate podcasts on your favorite podcast app
+R6XxONod6WY-00639-00257228-00257669 or by accessing them directly on the Oregon's Secretary of State homepage.
+R6XxONod6WY-00640-00257669-00257930 Thank you again for being here, Ginger.
+R6XxONod6WY-00641-00257930-00258127 [Ginger] Thank you so much for having me.
+R6XxONod6WY-00642-00258127-00258357 [Rich] This is Deputy Secretary Rich Vial.
+R6XxONod6WY-00643-00258357-00258696 Thank you for listening, and until next time, good day.
+R74U-LXNY3U-00000-00000000-00000200 Konsekuensi Zina   Jangan mendekati zina, mendekati saja tidak boleh lebih-lebih melakukan, kata mendekati mencakup segala perkara yang mengantarkan kepada zina, dalam konteks kehidupan bermasyarakat, zina terbukti menjadi salah satu sendi perusak ketenangannya, penghancur nilai keluhurannya, masyarakat yang binasa akibat penyakit ini bukan satu dua, dan dalam konteks keluarga, keadaannya tidak berbeda, ia merusak dan menghancurkan.   Islam merupakan agama yang memiliki tatanan dan aturan yang terbaik termasuk dalam masalah hubungan laki-laki dengan perempuan. Islam meletakkan kode etika yang beradab dalam hal ini yang tidak dimiliki oleh aturan dan tatanan manapun di dunia ini. Semua itu demi kebaikan dan kesucian masyarakat termasuk rumah tangga. Di antara tindak preventif Islam untuk menangkal penyakit ini adalah dengan meletakkan hukuman-hukuman atas pelakunya di dunia dan di akhirat.   HUKUM DI DUNIA   1- Had Syar’i   Jika pezina seorang jejaka atau gadis, maka dia didera seratus kali dan diasingkan selama setahun. Allah Subhanahu waTa’ala berfirman, artinya, “Perempuan yang berzina dan laki-laki yang berzina, maka deralah tiap-tiap seorang dari keduanya seratus kali dera.” (QS. an-Nur: 2).   Dari Ubadah bin ash-Shamit radiyallaahu ‘anhu berkata, Rasulullah shallallaahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda, “Ambillah dariku. Ambillah dariku. Allah telah meletakkan jalan untuk mereka. Jejaka dengan gadis cambuk seratus kali dan pengasingan selama setahun. Laki-laki yang sudah menikah dengan wanita yang sudah menikah adalah rajam.” (HR. Muslim).   Jika pezina sudah menikah, maka hadnya adalah rajam, dari Abdullah bin Abbas radiyallaahu ‘anhuma berkata, Umar bin al-Khatthab radiyallaahu ‘anhu berkata, “Sesungguhnya Allah telah mengutus Muhammad dengan membawa kebenaran dan menurunkan kitab kepadanya, di antara apa yang Allah Subahanhu waTa’ala turunkan kepadanya adalah ayat rajam, kami membacanya, menghafalnya dan memahaminya, Rasulullah shallallaahu ‘alaihi wasallam telah merajam dan kami pun melakukannya setelah beliau, saya khawatir seiring dengan berjalannya masa ada seseorang yang berkata, ‘Kami tidak menemukan ayat rajam di dalam kitab Allah Subhanahu waTa’ala.’ Akibatnya mereka tersesat karena meninggalkan sebuah kewajiban yang diturunkan oleh Allah Subhanahu waTa’ala. Sesungguhnya rajam di dalam kitab Allah Subhanahu waTa’ala adalah haq atas orang yang berzina jika dia muhshan dari kaum laki-laki maupun wanita, bukti-bukti telah tegak atau adanya kehamilan atau pengakuan.” Diriwayatkan oleh al-Bukhari dan Muslim.   2- Dicabutnya iman dari pezina sehingga dia bertaubat   Dari Abu Hurairah radiyallaahu ‘anhu dari Nabi shallallaahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda, “Seorang pezina tidak berzina ketika dia berzina sementara dia dalam keadaan mukmin.” (HR. al-Bukhari dan Muslim). Dalam sebuah riwayat al-Bukhari, “Dan taubat tetap terbuka setelahnya.”   Dari Abu Hurairah radiyallahu ‘anhu berkata, Rasulullah shallallaahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda, “Jika seorang laki-laki berzina maka iman yang ada pada dirinya keluar darinya seperti bayangan, jika dia berhenti maka iman kembali kepadanya.” (HR. Abu Dawud dan al-Hakim). Hadits ini dishahihkan oleh al-Hakim di atas syarat asy-Syaikhain dan disetujui oleh adz-Dzahabi. Hafizh Ibnu Hajar menshahihkannya dalam Fathul Bari 12/61.   3- Pezina tidak menikah kecuali dengan yang sepertinya   Allah Subhanahu waTa’ala berfirman, artinya, “Laki-laki yang berzina tidak mengawini melainkan perempuan yang berzina, atau perempuan yang musyrik, dan perempuan yang berzina tidak dikawini melainkan oleh laki-laki yang berzina atau laki-laki musyrik, dan yang demikian itu diharamkan atas orang-orang yang mukmin.” (QS. an-Nur: 3).   Allah Subhanahu waTa’ala berfirman, artinya, “Wanita-wanita yang keji adalah untuk laki-laki yang keji dan laki-laki yang keji adalah buat wanita-wanita yang keji (pula) dan wanita-wanita yang baik adalah untuk laki-laki yang baik dan laki- laki yang baik adalah untuk wanita-wanita yang baik (pula).” (QS. an-Nur: 26).   Dari Amru bin Syuaib dari bapaknya dari kakeknya bahwa Martsad bin Abu Martsad meminta izin kepada Rasulullah shallallaahu ‘alaihi wasallam untuk menikahi seorang wanita pezina, “Ya Rasulullah, saya menikahi Anak?” Nabi shallallaahu ‘alaihi wasallam diam tidak menjawab apa pun, sehingga turun, “Laki-laki yang berzina tidak mengawini melainkan perempuan yang berzina, atau perempuan yang musyrik, dan perempuan yang berzina tidak dikawini melainkan oleh laki-laki yang berzina atau laki-laki musyrik, dan yang demikian itu diharamkan atas orang-orang yang mukmin.” (QS. an-Nur: 3).   Maka Rasulullah shallallaahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda kepadanya, “Wahai Martsad, laki-laki yang berzina tidak mengawini melainkan perempuan yang berzina, atau perempuan yang musyrik, dan perempuan yang berzina tidak dikawini melainkan oleh laki-laki yang berzina atau laki-laki musyrik. Oleh karena itu jangan menikahinya.” (HR. at-Tirmidzi, Abu Dawud dan an-Nasa`i).   4- Pezina kehilangan nasab anaknya   Dari Abu Hurairah radiyallaahu ‘anhu berkata Nabi shallallaahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda, “Anak adalah milik ranjang (suami) dan pezina mendapatkan batu.” (HR. al-Bukhari dan Muslim).   5- Kesaksian dan riwayat pezina ditolak   Hal itu karena yang bersangkutan bukan muslim yang adil padahal Allah Subhanahu waTa’ala telah meletakkan syarat adalah bagi para saksi di beberapa ayat.   Dia Subhanahu waTa’ala berfirman, artinya, “Dan persaksikanlah dengan dua saksi yang adil.”(QS. ath-Thalaq: 2).   Dia Subhanahu waTa’ala berfirman tentang hukuman membunuh binatang buruan pada saat ihram, “Menurut putusan dua orang yang adil di antara kamu.” (QS. al-Maidah: 95).   Dari Aisyah radiyallaahu ‘anhaa bahwa Rasulullah shallallaahu ‘alaihi wasallam bersabda, “Tidak ada pernikahan kecuali dengan wali dan dua orang saksi yang adil.” (HR. Ibnu Hibban dan al-Baihaqi, dishahihkan oleh al-Albani dalam Shahih al-Jami’ no. 7557).   Tentang syarat diterimanya berita atau riwayat Allah Subhanahu waTa’ala berfirman, artinya, “Hai orang-orang yang beriman, jika datang kepadamu orang fasik membawa suatu berita maka periksalah dengan teliti.” (QS. al-Hujurat: 6).   Para ulama hadits sepakat meletakkan syarat adalah bagi rawi yang riwayatnya diterima, rawi yang fasik karena melakukan dosa besar, salah satunya adalah zina, tidak diterima riwayatnya.   6- Pezina berpeluang besar kehilangan rasa cemburu   Karena ketika dia berzina, rasa cemburu tersebut berkurang atau menghilang, seandainya dia mempunyai rasa cemburu niscaya dia tidak berzina, bukankah wanita yang dizinahinya itu adalah anak atau ibu atau bibi atau saudara bagi seseorang? Kalau dia mempunyai rasa cemburu niscaya dia akan berpikir, bagaimana jika orang lain melakukannya terhadap anakku atau ibuku atau bibiku atau saudaraku? Ini artinya ketika dia rela melakukan zina dengan anak atau ibu orang lain, dia pun rela zina itu dilakukan terhadap anak atau ibunya sendiri. Hilanglah rasa cemburu sebagai dasar menjaga diri dan keluarga dari perbuatan nista. Wallahu a’lam.  (Oleh: Ust. Izzudin Karimi, Lc).
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00000-00000000-00000206 Hear the sounds of the hammers. They're
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00001-00000206-00000552 taking more on the sheet off the ride
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00002-00000552-00001158 of Guardians of the Galaxy.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00003-00001434-00001898 My audience is so excited for
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00004-00001898-00002076 Groot to be here but we want to know
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00005-00002076-00002355 If it's going to be little Groot, big Groot?
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00006-00002355-00002583 I've been hearing a lot about these people around
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00007-00002583-00002823 town all these heroes and it's a little bit
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00008-00002823-00003051 out by jurisdiction. I just stick to the
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00009-00003051-00003227 streets of Buena Vista.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00010-00003227-00003539 Your streets are clean.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00011-00003539-00003768 Now I do like this guy Groot I've been hearing about.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00012-00003768-00004046 Woah!
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00013-00004245-00004941 You Like Groot? Of course I do. I also like cameras. She's not shy.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00014-00004941-00005400 That woman that walked up from behind
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00015-00005400-00005648 with that dog thing,  honest to god
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00016-00005648-00006010 that scared the living heck out of me.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00017-00006509-00007295 Disney announced that Guardians of the Galaxy
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00018-00007295-00007659 Mission Breakout is going to be opening
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00019-00007659-00008297 up on May 27. May 27!
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00020-00008297-00008568 So much earlier than anybody ever
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00021-00008568-00008789 thought. People thought June-July maybe
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00022-00008789-00009229 August but May?
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00023-00011621-00012194 One of the best parts about this
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00024-00012194-00012494 celebration this Summer of Heroes is
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00025-00012494-00012820 that Groot is coming. You can meet
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00026-00012820-00013106 him! I am sad because the whole Hollywood
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00027-00013106-00013400 theme is kinda weird now. I was talking
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00028-00013400-00013604 about that - Summer of Heroes
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00029-00013604-00013751 they're calling it.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00030-00013751-00013816 Heroes.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00031-00013816-00014188 So we' can meet Groot now.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00032-00014188-00014473 I wonder if it will
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00033-00014473-00014702 Be Baby Groot or big Groot.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00034-00014966-00015236 Baby groot will be great.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00035-00015391-00015598 He will be with Captain America and Spider Man.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00036-00015598-00015794 Black Widow will also be here.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00037-00015794-00015953 something else he drives all right
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00038-00015953-00016208 everybody likes our Lord was coming out
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00039-00016208-00016426 and then like he was holding the group
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00040-00016426-00016829 like how all the finder that you are
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00041-00016829-00017213 That would be very cute.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00042-00017213-00017594 You need to be a cast member.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00043-00017594-00017926 That street car goes by every time I'm trying
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00044-00017926-00018130 to do a vlog.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00045-00018130-00018454 Completely takes over the audio so i
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00046-00018454-00018784 have to acutely d the same take over
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00047-00018784-00019047 and over and over again.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00048-00019047-00019335 That's okay it's all about quality when
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00049-00019335-00019721 it comes to this Vlog.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00050-00021268-00021465 What do you think about?
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00051-00021465-00021664 As long as that raccoon is not around.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00052-00021664-00021906 That would be quite alright. We're all
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00053-00021906-00022173 very excited about that. Big Groot, small Groot?
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00054-00022173-00022440 Honestly it doesn't matter the size
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00055-00022440-00022642 Of a hero.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00056-00022642-00022870 I was worried at first
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00057-00022870-00023131 Because I am new to The Avengers.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00058-00023131-00023392 I don't want someone outshining me.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00059-00023392-00023598 i'm not too worried about. I mean he's
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00060-00023598-00023854 A talking tree!
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00061-00023854-00024054 A talking tree!
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00062-00024054-00024292 I mean as many Avengers we can
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00063-00024292-00024363 get here
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00064-00024363-00024565 The better.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00065-00024565-00024826 We can all save the world.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00066-00024895-00025048 You guys are
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00067-00025048-00025243 taking over the place here!
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00068-00025243-00025440 A super hero take over.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00069-00025440-00025689 Super hero take over!
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00070-00025894-00026163 Thank you so much buddy.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00071-00026163-00026455 This Spider Man was very nice. Very kind, very clean.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00072-00026455-00026676 Gentle.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00073-00026676-00027020 I liked him very much.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00074-00027538-00027811 It's always funny because you're
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00075-00027811-00028072 standing in line to meet a princess like
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00076-00028072-00028420 Rapunzel or Belle.
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00077-00028420-00028693 You wait in line and you get the look from
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00078-00028693-00028972 adults. They look at you weird as a guy
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00079-00028972-00029230 when you stand in line for Captain
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00080-00029230-00029439 America you stand in line for spider-man
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00081-00029439-00029818 you don't get the same look as you do we
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00082-00029818-00030136 stand in line. Is it
+R7WzjaO3p1E-00083-00030136-00030387 that much different?
+Rt3qWsRg0l0-00000-00002478-00002804 Do you know why they are able to do those feats? Because their claws give them balance, grip and hold
+Rt3qWsRg0l0-00001-00002854-00003038 Put boots on your "climber" dog            and maybe he can't scape
+Rt3qWsRg0l0-00002-00003038-00003260 Put boots on your search and rescue dog                                   and maybe he will die
+Rz2A81m2kgg-00000-00001398-00001788 It’s a dangerous animal so it’s very important the it gets anaesthetized the right way.
+Rz2A81m2kgg-00001-00001955-00002196 Frank will you help me hold his head?
+Rz2A81m2kgg-00002-00002724-00003238 We know that if humans have the same problem they are in pain. So when you have an animal with that problem and the animal can’t fix it on its own you have a responsibility.
+Rz2A81m2kgg-00003-00004910-00005380 In the last 6 years the zoo’s around Denmark has hired an increasingly number of animal doctors and that have caused that more injuries are discovered.
+Rz2A81m2kgg-00004-00005390-00005790 The doctors are now able to intervene at an earlier stage than before if the animals are in pain and that has resulted in a higher level of animal welfare in the zoo.
+Rz2A81m2kgg-00005-00005838-00006144 Before I was during sugery once a year now it’s once a month.
+Rz2A81m2kgg-00006-00007104-00007548 After two hours of surgery the tooth is now fixed. And while Batu is asleep, the next patient is now ready for surgery. The African wild dog Tjobi has also problems with his teeth.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00000-00000094-00000408 let's talk a little bit about supply, and the variables of supply.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00001-00000408-00000718 Once again, it really helps a lot
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00002-00000718-00001079 if we think about the people who
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00003-00001079-00001429 represents supply.  So these are producers.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00004-00001429-00001867 We're gonna take off our consumer hats right now.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00005-00001867-00002310 We're used to thinking about things in terms of being a consumer.  All of us are consumers.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00006-00002310-00002682 But very few of us are actually
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00007-00002682-00003017 producers.  So this is the challenge in this
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00008-00003017-00003514 chapter, is for you to think like a producer.  So here are our producers.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00009-00003514-00003853 They are not trying to save you money.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00010-00003853-00004217 You as a consumer.  They are not trying to save consumers money.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00011-00004217-00004741 They have an overriding incentive, and that overriding incentive is to
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00012-00004741-00005194 maximize their
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00013-00005194-00005894 profits.  And all of the variables of
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00014-00006039-00006443 supply are related to maximizing profits.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00015-00006443-00006754 So if you think of profits in a really simple way...
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00016-00006754-00007145 (in this course we try to keep things simple as much as possible)
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00017-00007145-00007786 Profits are revenues minus
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00018-00007786-00008218 costs.  And that gives us
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00019-00008218-00008717 profits.  So all the variables
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00020-00008717-00009029 of supply are related either to
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00021-00009029-00009347 increasing or decreasing revenues,  or
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00022-00009347-00009685 increasing or decreasing costs.  So
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00023-00009685-00009986 it's helpful to think about them that way.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00024-00009986-00010428 Alright, so suppliers have a set of resources.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00025-00010428-00010736 Think about a farmer.  A farmer has land;
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00026-00010736-00011128 they have equipment; they have a labor force;
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00027-00011128-00011568 they have technology and know-how; they have all these things
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00028-00011568-00011872 and they want to put them to work, and they want them to
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00029-00011872-00012368 grow the best food that they can, and as much
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00030-00012368-00012831 of it as they can.  they want to be really productive using their resources.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00031-00012831-00013198 If the way they're using their resources is not working for them,
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00032-00013198-00013533 if they're trying to grow coffee plants in Georgia,
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00033-00013533-00013834 (or anywhere in the United States except for Hawaii)
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00034-00013834-00014384 it's just not going to work. If you try to grow cotton in New York State
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00035-00014384-00014697 that's just not going to work either.  Okay, so
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00036-00014697-00015028 any business has resources,
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00037-00015028-00015361 and the whole point of
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00038-00015361-00015720 running a business is to maximize profits, and
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00039-00015720-00016087 is to use those resources in the best way
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00040-00016087-00016447 available to maximize their profits.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00041-00016447-00017106 Let's get this out of the way... now we're going to look at the variables
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00042-00017106-00017464 of supply.  Market input prices
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00043-00017464-00018073 first.  Input prices are all about the cost of
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00044-00018073-00018458 producing.  "Inputs" are the costs. If you think about
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00045-00018458-00018936 a  plywood plant or something like that
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00046-00018936-00019343 you'd have... 
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00047-00019343-00019794 a plywood plant uses logs (in the log yard)
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00048-00019794-00020179 and so these things are all being fed into the plant,
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00049-00020179-00020489 and to go through the process...out the other end comes your
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00050-00020489-00020920 plywood.  So these are inputs here.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00051-00020920-00021312 In a plywood plant, inputs arer
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00052-00021312-00021748 logs, glue, labor, all the equipment and machinery,
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00053-00021748-00022087 these are the inputs.  And this is the output, or
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00054-00022087-00022465 the final product.  And so
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00055-00022465-00022823 input prices are all about
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00056-00022823-00023292 the cost.  So we have raw materials, and things like that.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00058-00023612-00024018 So as input prices increase
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00059-00024018-00024356 then the supply of that product decreases.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00060-00024356-00024808 Why is that?  Because producers have options... you can do other things with their
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00061-00024808-00024906 resources.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00062-00024906-00025331 you can kinda think of it as playing a game... they can take their marbles and go play
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00063-00025331-00025406 some other game.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00064-00025406-00025888 so if the cost of logs has gone up, they're gonna
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00065-00025888-00026482 let's say the cost of Yellow Pine logs has gone up
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00066-00026482-00026788 then you're going to produce some other kind of product
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00067-00026788-00027183 doesn't use Yellow Pine. What happens to the supply of
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00068-00027183-00027724 yellow pine plywood?  Well, it goes down, because the cost of yellow pine has gone up.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00069-00027724-00028083 So input prices vary
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00070-00028083-00028580 inversely with supply; as the input prices go up
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00071-00028580-00029056 the supply of the related products goes down.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00072-00029056-00029500 The next variable is technology.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00073-00029500-00029869 And this is also pretty common sense;
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00074-00029869-00030370 as technology improves, processes become more efficient;
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00075-00030370-00030775 producers can produce more using fewer resources;
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00076-00030775-00031164 and so as technology improves you have new technology
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00077-00031164-00031518 you have an increase in the supply of
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00078-00031518-00031962 that product. So you have a direct relationship, mathematically speaking,
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00079-00031962-00032333 between technology and supply.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00080-00032333-00032663 And remember, if we're thinking about
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00081-00032663-00032981 a supply curve, upward sloping,
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00082-00032981-00033286 a supply curve shifting out will move
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00083-00033286-00033666 to the right.  
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00085-00034090-00034435 So input prices going down would actually shift out
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00086-00034435-00034815 a supply curve.  Technology...
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00087-00034815-00035185 new technology... would shit the
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00088-00035185-00035485 supply curve out.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00089-00035485-00035831 The next one.  Number of sellers.  It's
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00090-00035831-00036446 pure math.  Just the quantity supplied can be based on the number sellers.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00091-00036446-00036777 If for some reason you have some new sellers in this
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00092-00036777-00037081 market, they think they're gonna make a lot of profit,
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00093-00037081-00037516 they look at this market and I think "all those producers are making so much money...
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00094-00037516-00037881 I can do this too".   "I wanna make a lot of money".
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00095-00037881-00038347 You see new sellers coming to a market usually where there is a profit being made
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00096-00038347-00038808 So the number of sellers is also...an  increase in the number sellers... is going to increase
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00097-00038808-00039219 supply.  And then expectations
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00098-00039219-00039625 said producers have expectations about what's going to happen in the future
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00099-00039625-00039741 with their product
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00100-00039741-00040127 if they think the price is going up in the future then they will
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00101-00040127-00040444 withhold, or tuck away ,
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00102-00040444-00041000 some of their supply, or inventroy And they'll hold on to it, and warehouse it
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00103-00041000-00041309 to hold on to it for the future when the prices go, and then they will
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00104-00041309-00041802 try to sell it in the future when the price gets higher.  So the supply today
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00105-00041802-00042281 will decrease.  So if the expectation
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00106-00042281-00042705 is for prices to rise in the future then the supply
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00107-00042705-00043036 good today decreases.  We see that in coffee
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00108-00043036-00043368 in Brazil.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00109-00043368-00043847 The government of Brazil is involved in coffee market.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00110-00043847-00044188 Brazil is the largest coffee producer in the world
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00111-00044188-00044552 and if the price is considered to be
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00112-00044552-00044869 too low, then the government will stockpile
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00113-00044869-00045206 green coffee.  And they'll
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00114-00045206-00045602 warehouse it until prices go up,
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00115-00045602-00045928 and then when prices go up, they'll start  to sell that coffee out of the warehouse.
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00116-00045928-00046377 We see that happening
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00117-00046377-00046731 all over the world with  expectations
+RzG0bz4F_bM-00118-00046731-00046833 of future prices.
+R_i36hw6KhE-00000-00012856-00013084 Scotty we need every ounce of your
+R_i36hw6KhE-00001-00013097-00013366 engine hundred million miles between us and that mad man
+R_i36hw6KhE-00002-00013384-00013468 aye aye sir
+R_i36hw6KhE-00003-00014846-00014896 on the red alert
+R_i36hw6KhE-00004-00014941-00015306 are on your captain is losing his battle
+R_i36hw6KhE-00005-00015306-00015532 we would suggest you make whatever
+R_i36hw6KhE-00006-00015532-00015790 memorial arrangements if any which are
+R_i36hw6KhE-00007-00015790-00016057 customary in your culture we believe you
+R_i36hw6KhE-00008-00016058-00016268 have very little time left
+R_i36hw6KhE-00009-00016268-00016600 we appeal to you in the name of civilization or stop
+R_i36hw6KhE-00010-00016601-00016865 to this however we are not without
+R_i36hw6KhE-00011-00016865-00017159 compassion we will allow you to see and
+R_i36hw6KhE-00012-00017159-00017387 hear what is now transpiring fire
+R_i36hw6KhE-00013-00017387-00017709 phasers mr. Jagger's
+R_i36hw6KhE-00014-00019210-00019582 I can't quite remember saying that but
+R_i36hw6KhE-00015-00019582-00019822 obviously I probably did but I think in
+R_i36hw6KhE-00016-00019822-00019993 some ways things haven't changed you
+R_i36hw6KhE-00017-00019993-00020427 said that I said in 2006 in in in Milan
+R_i36hw6KhE-00018-00020427-00020728 no sorry in Rome when we were in Rome at
+R_i36hw6KhE-00019-00020728-00020872 the Palais English sort was that yeah
+R_i36hw6KhE-00020-00020872-00021049 when we did the show with the chemical
+R_i36hw6KhE-00021-00021049-00021301 brothers that even though we did we
+R_i36hw6KhE-00022-00021301-00021469 supported them with an audio-visual show
+R_i36hw6KhE-00023-00021469-00021754 we were still listed as vijay's but in
+R_i36hw6KhE-00024-00021754-00021928 some ways things haven't always changed
+R_i36hw6KhE-00025-00021928-00022156 because even though its many years later
+R_i36hw6KhE-00026-00022156-00022393 and we're doing this now I noticed on
+R_i36hw6KhE-00027-00022393-00022666 the in thread she the festival website
+R_i36hw6KhE-00028-00022666-00022939 it says that me and Mark are doing a DJ
+R_i36hw6KhE-00029-00022939-00023164 and VJ set which is when his own a
+R_i36hw6KhE-00030-00023164-00023365 separate thing yeah which is which is
+R_i36hw6KhE-00031-00023365-00023716 wrong again still and so I did emailer
+R_i36hw6KhE-00032-00023716-00023908 Francesco the organizer and I said hey
+R_i36hw6KhE-00033-00023908-00024061 you know we're not DJs and we're not
+R_i36hw6KhE-00034-00024061-00024346 vijay's it just say it's live audio
+R_i36hw6KhE-00035-00024346-00024673 visual set and and they changed it but I
+R_i36hw6KhE-00036-00024673-00024928 think it's still something even after
+R_i36hw6KhE-00037-00024928-00025069 all these years it's still something
+R_i36hw6KhE-00038-00025069-00025357 quite new that a lot of people still
+R_i36hw6KhE-00039-00025357-00025977 don't quite understand and so I'm yeah
+R_i36hw6KhE-00040-00027206-00027756 we lost the picture the good thing these
+R_i36hw6KhE-00041-00027756-00027912 days with video is now at least one with
+R_i36hw6KhE-00042-00027912-00028179 everything being digital it's it's a lot
+R_i36hw6KhE-00043-00028179-00028356 more not completely standardized but
+R_i36hw6KhE-00044-00028356-00028541 it's a lot more standardized but
+R_i36hw6KhE-00045-00028541-00028745 recently we was that we turned up
+R_i36hw6KhE-00046-00028745-00028986 somewhere I think it was was in dubai in
+R_i36hw6KhE-00047-00028986-00029114 the Middle East or somewhere we did a
+R_i36hw6KhE-00048-00029114-00029307 gig somewhere and when we got there that
+R_i36hw6KhE-00049-00029307-00029538 I hadn't seen a BNC for a long time and
+R_i36hw6KhE-00050-00029538-00029787 the guy just said he was your video and
+R_i36hw6KhE-00051-00029787-00030170 I said the bnz has it no no no no no we
+R_i36hw6KhE-00052-00030170-00030458 need like like hdmi or SDI or something
+R_i36hw6KhE-00053-00030458-00030669 is like and he was like oh this is like
+R_i36hw6KhE-00054-00030669-00030933 we just can't use that at all and and
+R_i36hw6KhE-00055-00030933-00031220 there it was so so I forgot what it
+R_i36hw6KhE-00056-00031220-00031350 looked like it was so long since I'd
+R_i36hw6KhE-00057-00031350-00031541 seen one but yeah it's a lot more
+R_i36hw6KhE-00058-00031541-00031857 standardized which is better you're the
+R_i36hw6KhE-00059-00031857-00031995 one who's always talking about watching
+R_i36hw6KhE-00060-00031995-00032433 food what am i some logic now not their
+R_i36hw6KhE-00061-00032433-00032633 doctrine subspace channels or substation
+R_i36hw6KhE-00062-00032633-00032822 some amazing things up safe out there
+R_i36hw6KhE-00063-00032822-00033196 somewhere substation for some patients
+R_i36hw6KhE-00064-00033196-00033427 subspace channels a subspace subspace
+R_i36hw6KhE-00065-00033427-00033928 subspace subspace sub space space space
+R_i36hw6KhE-00066-00033928-00034237 channel two subspaces of subspace put it
+R_i36hw6KhE-00067-00034237-00034881 on visual subspace penalty subspace sub
+R_i36hw6KhE-00068-00034881-00035481 space space space space space subspace
+R_i36hw6KhE-00069-00035481-00035911 channels subspace substation you're
+R_i36hw6KhE-00070-00035911-00036163 saying what have we become so old and
+R_i36hw6KhE-00071-00036163-00036369 still doing what we're doing mark have
+R_i36hw6KhE-00072-00036369-00036753 we met it yeah mark takes also viagra
+R_i36hw6KhE-00073-00036753-00037132 yeah perfect peroni oh you mean like
+R_i36hw6KhE-00074-00037132-00037446 yeah Ohio charity longevity secret I
+R_i36hw6KhE-00075-00037446-00037771 think without sounding really cheesy or
+R_i36hw6KhE-00076-00037771-00038062 stupid I think the secret of longevity
+R_i36hw6KhE-00077-00038062-00038365 is just not to give up just to never say
+R_i36hw6KhE-00078-00038365-00038665 no perseverance so when it's really hard
+R_i36hw6KhE-00079-00038665-00038974 you still have to carry on and you still
+R_i36hw6KhE-00080-00038974-00039136 even though it's always a struggle i
+R_i36hw6KhE-00081-00039136-00039421 think like all art is a struggle when it
+R_i36hw6KhE-00082-00039421-00039600 becomes easy it just becomes like a
+R_i36hw6KhE-00083-00039600-00039900 normal job and so I think that all these
+R_i36hw6KhE-00084-00039900-00040278 years later it isn't any easier now than
+R_i36hw6KhE-00085-00040278-00040513 it was ten years ago I think it's still
+R_i36hw6KhE-00086-00040513-00040765 the same sort of struggle I mean things
+R_i36hw6KhE-00087-00040765-00041040 sometimes remit easier because as you
+R_i36hw6KhE-00088-00041040-00041319 are saying people understand this a bit
+R_i36hw6KhE-00089-00041319-00041611 more but it's still not always easy
+R_i36hw6KhE-00090-00041611-00041844 especially I mean I mean especially
+R_i36hw6KhE-00091-00041844-00042208 doing visuals and video with audio I
+R_i36hw6KhE-00092-00042208-00042369 think that's the thing so often we
+R_i36hw6KhE-00093-00042369-00042577 arrive somewhere and people still go
+R_i36hw6KhE-00094-00042577-00042880 okay which one of you is the DJ and the
+R_i36hw6KhE-00095-00042880-00043174 DJ he can go on the stage and the VJ he
+R_i36hw6KhE-00096-00043174-00043432 can go at the back in there again no no
+R_i36hw6KhE-00097-00043432-00043663 no that's not how all of our equipment
+R_i36hw6KhE-00098-00043663-00043936 is like one equipment and it's all
+R_i36hw6KhE-00099-00043936-00044221 connected and the audio some of it is
+R_i36hw6KhE-00100-00044221-00044490 triggering the MIDI vide MIDI triggering
+R_i36hw6KhE-00101-00044490-00044815 the video live and it's not a DJ and
+R_i36hw6KhE-00102-00044815-00045028 it's not Vijay's it's it's like an
+R_i36hw6KhE-00103-00045028-00045288 artist and electronic artists and I
+R_i36hw6KhE-00104-00045288-00045609 think that even now video even though
+R_i36hw6KhE-00105-00045609-00045790 video is now everywhere you have more
+R_i36hw6KhE-00106-00045790-00045996 many many many more artists performing
+R_i36hw6KhE-00107-00045996-00046333 with video the show is with video but
+R_i36hw6KhE-00108-00046333-00046531 the artist the audio artist of the DJ
+R_i36hw6KhE-00109-00046531-00046591 they are not
+R_i36hw6KhE-00110-00046591-00046756 following the video and I think that's
+R_i36hw6KhE-00111-00046756-00046921 the thing so so many technicians in the
+R_i36hw6KhE-00112-00046921-00047122 public they just think the video just
+R_i36hw6KhE-00113-00047122-00047437 happens and the music if I this guy on
+R_i36hw6KhE-00114-00047437-00047716 stage and so when like to guys like us
+R_i36hw6KhE-00115-00047716-00047857 come along and say I leather we do the
+R_i36hw6KhE-00116-00047857-00048178 music and the video people still find it
+R_i36hw6KhE-00117-00048178-00048367 a bit difficult in national confusion
+R_i36hw6KhE-00118-00048367-00048589 but every once they see the show again
+R_i36hw6KhE-00119-00048589-00048844 you notice it's quite obvious the both
+R_i36hw6KhE-00120-00048844-00049081 of us are doing what's on the screen and
+R_i36hw6KhE-00121-00049081-00049321 what you're hearing you know which is
+R_i36hw6KhE-00122-00049321-00049555 why for us it's very very important to
+R_i36hw6KhE-00123-00049555-00049765 be positioned in front of the screen or
+R_i36hw6KhE-00124-00049765-00049945 nicks of the screen in some way and not
+R_i36hw6KhE-00125-00049945-00050200 be I mean because sometimes we've done
+R_i36hw6KhE-00126-00050200-00050509 shows a really big festivals like you
+R_i36hw6KhE-00127-00050509-00050716 know 30,000 people huge festivals and
+R_i36hw6KhE-00128-00050716-00050953 they tell us are you can use the screens
+R_i36hw6KhE-00129-00050953-00051178 on the side of the stage and we have to
+R_i36hw6KhE-00130-00051178-00051328 always say no no we want to screen as
+R_i36hw6KhE-00131-00051328-00051597 well on stage and when sometimes they
+R_i36hw6KhE-00132-00051597-00051832 say Nana you cannot have it we say okay
+R_i36hw6KhE-00133-00051832-00052087 and then people are confused because
+R_i36hw6KhE-00134-00052087-00052300 they think what what is this video where
+R_i36hw6KhE-00135-00052300-00052534 where is this coming from and then they
+R_i36hw6KhE-00136-00052534-00052992 go and so and often it if it's a really
+R_i36hw6KhE-00137-00052992-00053221 big festival at a big stage you see all
+R_i36hw6KhE-00138-00053221-00053578 the audience they just you know like
+R_i36hw6KhE-00139-00053578-00053880 like the parting of the Red Sea and so
+R_i36hw6KhE-00140-00053880-00054022 all the audience wants to stand and look
+R_i36hw6KhE-00141-00054022-00054247 at the screen and so there is nobody in
+R_i36hw6KhE-00142-00054247-00054499 front and then the promoter or the
+R_i36hw6KhE-00143-00054499-00054634 organizer the festival's is hey what
+R_i36hw6KhE-00144-00054634-00054784 happened why did the people go to the
+R_i36hw6KhE-00145-00054784-00054930 left and to the right and you say
+R_i36hw6KhE-00146-00054930-00055066 because they want to watch the screen
+R_i36hw6KhE-00147-00055066-00055234 and you say and if you don't have a
+R_i36hw6KhE-00148-00055234-00055453 screen on stage what are they looking at
+R_i36hw6KhE-00149-00055453-00055932 just me and Mark going like like this
+R_i36hw6KhE-00150-00058907-00059194 mapping what do we think about mapping
+R_i36hw6KhE-00151-00059194-00059645 Oh mark pulled a face up or face love it
+R_i36hw6KhE-00152-00059645-00060148 no you come on home I mean mapping I
+R_i36hw6KhE-00153-00060148-00060432 have seen some amazing mapping but I've
+R_i36hw6KhE-00154-00060432-00060622 also seen some really bad mapping and I
+R_i36hw6KhE-00155-00060622-00060882 think for me mapping was always just a
+R_i36hw6KhE-00156-00060882-00061273 technology in a way of projecting and
+R_i36hw6KhE-00157-00061273-00061501 for me it's always about the content and
+R_i36hw6KhE-00158-00061501-00061689 I think for us it's about the kind of
+R_i36hw6KhE-00159-00061689-00061876 content and that's why I think sometimes
+R_i36hw6KhE-00160-00061876-00062020 with a lot of mapping when it's just
+R_i36hw6KhE-00161-00062020-00062236 shapes and the bricks falling down of a
+R_i36hw6KhE-00162-00062236-00062494 building and and this guy I think maybe
+R_i36hw6KhE-00163-00062494-00062716 many years ago it was great but now it's
+R_i36hw6KhE-00164-00062716-00063027 you know and that's why often you don't
+R_i36hw6KhE-00165-00063027-00063189 see a lot of mapping where you go wow
+R_i36hw6KhE-00166-00063189-00063538 you're really amazed sometimes you can
+R_i36hw6KhE-00167-00063538-00063775 at last year what was it this year no
+R_i36hw6KhE-00168-00063775-00064123 last year we were the judges in Moscow
+R_i36hw6KhE-00169-00064123-00064357 in Russia for a mapping competition and
+R_i36hw6KhE-00170-00064357-00064564 we saw some really good work some really
+R_i36hw6KhE-00171-00064564-00064752 really amazing work but there was also a
+R_i36hw6KhE-00172-00064752-00065026 lot of work that really was just shapes
+R_i36hw6KhE-00173-00065026-00065367 and colors and and having it as mapping
+R_i36hw6KhE-00174-00065367-00065551 is the only thing that makes it a tiny
+R_i36hw6KhE-00175-00065551-00065701 bit better than just projecting it on
+R_i36hw6KhE-00176-00065701-00065976 the screen so for us I think mapping is
+R_i36hw6KhE-00177-00065976-00066112 more about just a way of projecting
+R_i36hw6KhE-00178-00066112-00066361 something and for us it's more about the
+R_i36hw6KhE-00179-00066361-00066544 content you know I'm really amazed by
+R_i36hw6KhE-00180-00066544-00066772 things that make me go they're very you
+R_i36hw6KhE-00181-00066772-00067222 know almost hypnotic no it's not really
+R_i36hw6KhE-00182-00067222-00067444 an art form in itself it's a it's an
+R_i36hw6KhE-00183-00067444-00067917 amazing tool oh I think we have to go by
+R_i36hw6KhE-00184-00067917-00068258 we're gonna pop off
+R_i36hw6KhE-00185-00068312-00068761 space the final frontier
+R_i36hw6KhE-00186-00069327-00069704 explore strange new world
+R_i36hw6KhE-00187-00069704-00070004 see
+R_i36hw6KhE-00188-00075502-00075708 you
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00000-00000000-00000484 [ The following fan made trailer by MacamTV is rated 'R' for realistic, created for inspire film directors, screenwriters, actors and fans ]
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00001-00000838-00001157 [M] the function of man is to live not to exist
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00002-00001157-00001570 I shall not waste my days trying to prolong them
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00003-00001770-00002069 I shall use my time
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00004-00003613-00003963 good evening
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00005-00003963-00004494 welcome to MI6 we are on the search for the new 007
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00006-00004494-00004923 HIS LEGACY CONTINUES
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00007-00004923-00005452 I'm a huge fan and I still am it's it's he's a James Bond is a is a a
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00008-00005496-00005630 British cultural icon
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00009-00006217-00006712 there's a big boots to fill I mean it's such an overwhelming responsibility
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00010-00008814-00009039 Hello what's your name sir
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00011-00009039-00009277 The names Bond, James Bond 
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00012-00009277-00009494 NOBODY LIVES FOREVER
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00013-00010113-00010444 thanks for watching today's trailer made by MacamTV
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00014-00010444-00010650 they are created to inspire fans
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00015-00010668-00011190 writers actors and directors in hopes to increase its chance of coming true
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00016-00011190-00011810 want more realistic fan-made trailers subscribe now and hit your notification Bell icon
+RAoJT2Dzr84-00017-00011810-00012330 until next time never stop dreaming
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00000-00000000-00000462 hi Nick here and video conveyed your
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00001-00000212-00000702 message much more flexibly than the
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00002-00000462-00001008 written word and makes you be seen as
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00003-00000702-00001229 the go-to expert in your area or your
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00004-00001008-00001229 niche
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00005-00001509-00002101 hi Nick here and did you know that video
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00006-00001777-00002284 gets so much more traction and gets your
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00007-00002101-00002557 message across in a much more flexible
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00008-00002284-00002767 way than just the written word there's
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00009-00002557-00003082 much more engagement with people using
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00010-00002767-00003157 video and video consumption is going
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00011-00003082-00003454 through the roof
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00012-00003157-00003714 that is why I use video to help my
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00013-00003454-00003936 clients get their businesses found
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00014-00003714-00004243 online which means they can demonstrate
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00015-00003936-00004534 their expertise and be seen as the go-to
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00016-00004243-00004681 authority in their area or their niche
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00017-00004534-00005011 which means they get new clients
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00018-00004681-00005305 knocking on their door and not their
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00019-00005011-00005560 competitors the video isn't only about
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00020-00005305-00005761 selling there's so much more that video
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00021-00005560-00006055 can do for you you can use video to
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00022-00005761-00006310 educate not just future customers but
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00023-00006055-00006529 current customers as to products you can
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00024-00006310-00006736 use video to train you can scale your
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00025-00006529-00006961 business by training and if you're using
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00026-00006736-00007281 video you know your message isn't being
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00027-00006961-00007464 diluted in your training is on point is
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00028-00007281-00007704 your video video can be used very
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00029-00007464-00008040 effectively to boost your SEO your
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00030-00007704-00008265 search engine optimisation the thing
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00031-00008040-00008605 that gets your website found online
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00032-00008265-00008788 video is a key performer on that score
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00033-00008605-00009184 when I personal favorites is you can use
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00034-00008788-00009397 video to create a fantastic testimonial
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00035-00009184-00009535 but not just for your business but you
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00036-00009397-00009781 can give video testimonials to other
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00037-00009535-00009990 people pay it forwards they will love it
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00038-00009781-00010231 if you create a video that you can then
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00039-00009990-00010554 post onto YouTube or Facebook or
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00040-00010231-00010753 LinkedIn or anywhere if you can then tag
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00041-00010554-00010945 who it is you're saying thank you for
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00042-00010753-00011179 and do the test events for they will
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00043-00010945-00011308 absolutely love you and what a great
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00044-00011179-00011458 thing for people to see though when they
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00045-00011308-00011674 look for your business online and they
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00046-00011458-00011943 see someone explaining how great you are
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00047-00011674-00012293 that's got to be good right
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00048-00011943-00012579 I wanted to just spend a few moments
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00049-00012293-00012811 leaving a testimonial for a really good
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00050-00012579-00012963 guy guy called Nick Nick wood a few
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00051-00012811-00013159 weeks ago is privileged to spend some
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00052-00012963-00013419 time at Nick's offices down in
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00053-00013159-00013538 Farnborough where myself and some people
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00054-00013419-00013831 have been doing a lot of work with
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00055-00013538-00013988 decided to go and have a day with Nick
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00056-00013831-00014349 shooting some video Nick's
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00057-00013988-00014509 professionalism and his ability to
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00058-00014349-00014684 relate to what you're looking for how
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00059-00014509-00014956 you want to achieve it and
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00060-00014684-00015224 patience as well all these virtues which
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00061-00014956-00015434 very helpful when it comes to shooting
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00062-00015224-00015604 video creating content especially in the
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00063-00015434-00015866 digital space that we are in these days
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00064-00015604-00016019 is all vitally important so thank you
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00065-00015866-00016154 very much Nikki it was a fabulous day
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00066-00016019-00016411 and I look forward to being down there
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00067-00016154-00016411 with you again
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00068-00016514-00017044 so how can I help you get started with
+RBqBwwo_FqY-00069-00016802-00017044 video
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00000-00000010-00000076 COURT NOMINEE.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00001-00000076-00000083 COURT NOMINEE.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00002-00000083-00000300 COURT NOMINEE. MEANING IF ALL BUT ONE 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00003-00000300-00000306 COURT NOMINEE. MEANING IF ALL BUT ONE   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00004-00000306-00000620 COURT NOMINEE. MEANING IF ALL BUT ONE  REPUBLICAN VOTES ALONG PARTY 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00005-00000620-00000627 MEANING IF ALL BUT ONE  REPUBLICAN VOTES ALONG PARTY   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00006-00000627-00001211 MEANING IF ALL BUT ONE  REPUBLICAN VOTES ALONG PARTY  LINES, THEY WILL NOT NEED ANY 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00007-00001211-00001217 REPUBLICAN VOTES ALONG PARTY  LINES, THEY WILL NOT NEED ANY   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00008-00001217-00001257 REPUBLICAN VOTES ALONG PARTY  LINES, THEY WILL NOT NEED ANY  PUBLIC SUPPORT.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00009-00001257-00001264 LINES, THEY WILL NOT NEED ANY  PUBLIC SUPPORT.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00010-00001264-00001461 LINES, THEY WILL NOT NEED ANY  PUBLIC SUPPORT. THANKS TO THE SMART WORLD GRANT,
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00011-00001461-00001468 PUBLIC SUPPORT. THANKS TO THE SMART WORLD GRANT,  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00012-00001468-00001641 PUBLIC SUPPORT. THANKS TO THE SMART WORLD GRANT, THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOLS WILL
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00013-00001641-00001648 THANKS TO THE SMART WORLD GRANT, THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOLS WILL  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00014-00001648-00002018 THANKS TO THE SMART WORLD GRANT, THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOLS WILL BE RECEIVING 45 VIRTUAL REALITY 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00015-00002018-00002025 THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOLS WILL BE RECEIVING 45 VIRTUAL REALITY   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00016-00002025-00002198 THE BRAINERD PUBLIC SCHOOLS WILL BE RECEIVING 45 VIRTUAL REALITY  KITS FOR THEIR STUDENTS TO USE 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00017-00002198-00002205 BE RECEIVING 45 VIRTUAL REALITY  KITS FOR THEIR STUDENTS TO USE   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00018-00002205-00002252 BE RECEIVING 45 VIRTUAL REALITY  KITS FOR THEIR STUDENTS TO USE  NEXT YEAR.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00019-00002252-00002258 KITS FOR THEIR STUDENTS TO USE  NEXT YEAR.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00020-00002258-00002492 KITS FOR THEIR STUDENTS TO USE  NEXT YEAR. IT INCLUDES A HEADSET AND 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00021-00002492-00002499 NEXT YEAR. IT INCLUDES A HEADSET AND   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00022-00002499-00002652 NEXT YEAR. IT INCLUDES A HEADSET AND  ANDROID DEVICE SO EVERY STUDENT 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00023-00002652-00002659 IT INCLUDES A HEADSET AND  ANDROID DEVICE SO EVERY STUDENT   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00024-00002659-00003216 IT INCLUDES A HEADSET AND  ANDROID DEVICE SO EVERY STUDENT  WILL BE ABLE TO USE THEM 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00025-00003216-00003223 ANDROID DEVICE SO EVERY STUDENT  WILL BE ABLE TO USE THEM   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00026-00003223-00003286 ANDROID DEVICE SO EVERY STUDENT  WILL BE ABLE TO USE THEM  REGARDLESS IF THEY HAVE THEIR 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00027-00003286-00003293 WILL BE ABLE TO USE THEM  REGARDLESS IF THEY HAVE THEIR   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00028-00003293-00003339 WILL BE ABLE TO USE THEM  REGARDLESS IF THEY HAVE THEIR  OWN PERSONAL PHONE.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00029-00003339-00003346 REGARDLESS IF THEY HAVE THEIR  OWN PERSONAL PHONE.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00030-00003346-00003413 REGARDLESS IF THEY HAVE THEIR  OWN PERSONAL PHONE. >> ANYTIME WE CAN TAKE THAT 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00031-00003413-00003420 OWN PERSONAL PHONE. >> ANYTIME WE CAN TAKE THAT   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00032-00003420-00003493 OWN PERSONAL PHONE. >> ANYTIME WE CAN TAKE THAT  INTEREST AND THAT PASSION AND 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00033-00003493-00003500 >> ANYTIME WE CAN TAKE THAT  INTEREST AND THAT PASSION AND   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00034-00003500-00003623 >> ANYTIME WE CAN TAKE THAT  INTEREST AND THAT PASSION AND  THAT ENGAGEMENT AND MAKE IT 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00035-00003623-00003630 INTEREST AND THAT PASSION AND  THAT ENGAGEMENT AND MAKE IT   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00036-00003630-00003920 INTEREST AND THAT PASSION AND  THAT ENGAGEMENT AND MAKE IT  ABOUT LEARNING AND BRING IT INTO
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00037-00003920-00003927 THAT ENGAGEMENT AND MAKE IT  ABOUT LEARNING AND BRING IT INTO  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00038-00003927-00004190 THAT ENGAGEMENT AND MAKE IT  ABOUT LEARNING AND BRING IT INTO OUR CLASSROOMS, THAT'S JUST 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00039-00004190-00004197 ABOUT LEARNING AND BRING IT INTO OUR CLASSROOMS, THAT'S JUST   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00040-00004197-00004260 ABOUT LEARNING AND BRING IT INTO OUR CLASSROOMS, THAT'S JUST  SUPER EXCITING.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00041-00004260-00004267 OUR CLASSROOMS, THAT'S JUST  SUPER EXCITING.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00042-00004267-00004344 OUR CLASSROOMS, THAT'S JUST  SUPER EXCITING. >> THAT'S A WIN.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00043-00004344-00004351 SUPER EXCITING. >> THAT'S A WIN.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00044-00004351-00004621 SUPER EXCITING. >> THAT'S A WIN. >> WE HAVE SO MANY STUDENTS WHO 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00045-00004621-00004627 >> THAT'S A WIN. >> WE HAVE SO MANY STUDENTS WHO   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00046-00004627-00004968 >> THAT'S A WIN. >> WE HAVE SO MANY STUDENTS WHO  MAY NEVER LEAVE BRAINERD AND NOW
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00047-00004968-00004974 >> WE HAVE SO MANY STUDENTS WHO  MAY NEVER LEAVE BRAINERD AND NOW  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00048-00004974-00005045 >> WE HAVE SO MANY STUDENTS WHO  MAY NEVER LEAVE BRAINERD AND NOW THEY GET TO EXPLORE ALL THESE 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00049-00005045-00005051 MAY NEVER LEAVE BRAINERD AND NOW THEY GET TO EXPLORE ALL THESE   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00050-00005051-00005288 MAY NEVER LEAVE BRAINERD AND NOW THEY GET TO EXPLORE ALL THESE  DIFFERENT PLACES. 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00051-00005288-00005295 THEY GET TO EXPLORE ALL THESE  DIFFERENT PLACES.   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00052-00005295-00005365 THEY GET TO EXPLORE ALL THESE  DIFFERENT PLACES.  >> Dennis: TEACHERS WILL BE ABLE
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00053-00005365-00005372 DIFFERENT PLACES.  >> Dennis: TEACHERS WILL BE ABLE  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00054-00005372-00005452 DIFFERENT PLACES.  >> Dennis: TEACHERS WILL BE ABLE TO SEE WHAT THE STUDENTS ARE 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00055-00005452-00005458 >> Dennis: TEACHERS WILL BE ABLE TO SEE WHAT THE STUDENTS ARE   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00056-00005458-00005672 >> Dennis: TEACHERS WILL BE ABLE TO SEE WHAT THE STUDENTS ARE  LOOKING AT AS THEY GUIDE THEM 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00057-00005672-00005678 TO SEE WHAT THE STUDENTS ARE  LOOKING AT AS THEY GUIDE THEM   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00058-00005678-00005939 TO SEE WHAT THE STUDENTS ARE  LOOKING AT AS THEY GUIDE THEM  THROUGH THE LESSON.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00059-00005939-00005945 LOOKING AT AS THEY GUIDE THEM  THROUGH THE LESSON.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00060-00005945-00006169 LOOKING AT AS THEY GUIDE THEM  THROUGH THE LESSON. THERE'S A PAIR OF 360 CAMERAS 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00061-00006169-00006176 THROUGH THE LESSON. THERE'S A PAIR OF 360 CAMERAS   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00062-00006176-00006399 THROUGH THE LESSON. THERE'S A PAIR OF 360 CAMERAS  FOR STUDENTS TO CREATE THEIR OWN
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00063-00006399-00006406 THERE'S A PAIR OF 360 CAMERAS  FOR STUDENTS TO CREATE THEIR OWN  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00064-00006406-00006553 THERE'S A PAIR OF 360 CAMERAS  FOR STUDENTS TO CREATE THEIR OWN VIRTUAL REALITY LESSONS.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00065-00006553-00006559 FOR STUDENTS TO CREATE THEIR OWN VIRTUAL REALITY LESSONS.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00066-00006559-00006733 FOR STUDENTS TO CREATE THEIR OWN VIRTUAL REALITY LESSONS. BRAINERD PLANS ON USING THE 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00067-00006733-00006740 VIRTUAL REALITY LESSONS. BRAINERD PLANS ON USING THE   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00068-00006740-00006933 VIRTUAL REALITY LESSONS. BRAINERD PLANS ON USING THE  TECHNOLOGY AT ALL GRADE LEVELS.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00069-00006933-00006940 BRAINERD PLANS ON USING THE  TECHNOLOGY AT ALL GRADE LEVELS.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00070-00006940-00007123 BRAINERD PLANS ON USING THE  TECHNOLOGY AT ALL GRADE LEVELS. >> I MEAN, IT'S PRETTY GREAT TO 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00071-00007123-00007130 TECHNOLOGY AT ALL GRADE LEVELS. >> I MEAN, IT'S PRETTY GREAT TO   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00072-00007130-00007283 TECHNOLOGY AT ALL GRADE LEVELS. >> I MEAN, IT'S PRETTY GREAT TO  SEE US BE CUTTING EDGE.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00073-00007283-00007290 >> I MEAN, IT'S PRETTY GREAT TO  SEE US BE CUTTING EDGE.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00074-00007290-00007467 >> I MEAN, IT'S PRETTY GREAT TO  SEE US BE CUTTING EDGE. WE'RE COMPETING WITH THE BIGGER 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00075-00007467-00007474 SEE US BE CUTTING EDGE. WE'RE COMPETING WITH THE BIGGER   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00076-00007474-00007520 SEE US BE CUTTING EDGE. WE'RE COMPETING WITH THE BIGGER  SCHOOL DISTRICTS.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00077-00007520-00007527 WE'RE COMPETING WITH THE BIGGER  SCHOOL DISTRICTS.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00078-00007527-00007794 WE'RE COMPETING WITH THE BIGGER  SCHOOL DISTRICTS. WE'VE GOT IT HERE IN BRAINERD.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00079-00007794-00007801 SCHOOL DISTRICTS. WE'VE GOT IT HERE IN BRAINERD.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00080-00007801-00007987 SCHOOL DISTRICTS. WE'VE GOT IT HERE IN BRAINERD. SARA HAS DONE A GREAT JOB WITH 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00081-00007987-00007994 WE'VE GOT IT HERE IN BRAINERD. SARA HAS DONE A GREAT JOB WITH   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00082-00007994-00008104 WE'VE GOT IT HERE IN BRAINERD. SARA HAS DONE A GREAT JOB WITH  HER TECHNOLOGY TEAM TO MAKE SURE
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00083-00008104-00008111 SARA HAS DONE A GREAT JOB WITH  HER TECHNOLOGY TEAM TO MAKE SURE  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00084-00008111-00008354 SARA HAS DONE A GREAT JOB WITH  HER TECHNOLOGY TEAM TO MAKE SURE OUR STUDENTS HAVE THE SAME 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00085-00008354-00008361 HER TECHNOLOGY TEAM TO MAKE SURE OUR STUDENTS HAVE THE SAME   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00086-00008361-00008501 HER TECHNOLOGY TEAM TO MAKE SURE OUR STUDENTS HAVE THE SAME  COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00087-00008501-00008508 OUR STUDENTS HAVE THE SAME  COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00088-00008508-00008648 OUR STUDENTS HAVE THE SAME  COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE. >> Dennis: THE BRAINERD PUBLIC 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00089-00008648-00008655 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE. >> Dennis: THE BRAINERD PUBLIC   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00090-00008655-00008822 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE. >> Dennis: THE BRAINERD PUBLIC  SCHOOL FOUNDATION IS CURRENTLY 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00091-00008822-00008828 >> Dennis: THE BRAINERD PUBLIC  SCHOOL FOUNDATION IS CURRENTLY   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00092-00008828-00009012 >> Dennis: THE BRAINERD PUBLIC  SCHOOL FOUNDATION IS CURRENTLY  FUNDRAISING TO PROVIDE 30 MORE 
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00093-00009012-00009019 SCHOOL FOUNDATION IS CURRENTLY  FUNDRAISING TO PROVIDE 30 MORE   
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00094-00009019-00009112 SCHOOL FOUNDATION IS CURRENTLY  FUNDRAISING TO PROVIDE 30 MORE  VIRTUAL REALITY HEADSETS.
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00095-00009112-00009119 FUNDRAISING TO PROVIDE 30 MORE  VIRTUAL REALITY HEADSETS.  
+RBA_kTZ6eQg-00096-00009119-00009205 FUNDRAISING TO PROVIDE 30 MORE  VIRTUAL REALITY HEADSETS. IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO DONATE, YOU
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00000-00000036-00000600 today our new big journey ""defender around asia"" begins.
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00001-00000618-00001070 We treat ourselves to a nice Viennese breakfast because we will not have this for a long time....
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00002-00001786-00002314 we've finally finished with it - it's all quite full.
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00003-00002326-00002534 looks like much more than last time
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00004-00002674-00002914 and otherwise: this is the new defender!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00005-00002914-00003496 sand sheets, light bar, the license plate was moved a bit to the side
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00006-00003510-00003802 and some cool updates on the inside, too.
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00007-00003924-00004113 a little bit different than last time
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00008-00004255-00004377 and ... well....
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00009-00004417-00004679 Karin is waiting in a dry spot..
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00010-00004697-00004886 Do we need something else?
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00011-00004967-00005166 I do not think so! Yes, it is a one way ticket
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00012-00005254-00005560 if there is something missing it is not important!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00013-00005721-00005821 you!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00014-00005850-00005950 We still need you!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00015-00006090-00006504 207,.134 km and there are a few more to come!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00016-00006523-00006923 Today we are going to Graz. that's not quite so far but it's almost 6pm!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00017-00006923-00007168 the rough plan is that we drive through Turkey
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00018-00007168-00007468 Georgia, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00019-00007468-00007680 then via Russia to Kazakhstan,
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00020-00007680-00007973 Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00021-00007973-00008252 and then maybe Mongolia
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00022-00008252-00008744 but we do not have a fixed plan - so we have several routes in our head - but we will see which one it will be.
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00023-00008792-00008996 We have already made the first stop
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00024-00009020-00009212 just not very far away from Vienna
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00025-00009212-00009786 because from 80 km/h on it shakes; the steering wheel rattles and there is a strange noise
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00026-00009800-00010178 just on the highway rest stop on which we are now is a car from the OeAMTC (AAA)
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00027-00010178-00010584 and Dani now looks whether they may help a bit
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00028-00011382-00011672 the connector from the bar has a lot of play
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00029-00011672-00011810 if I push the car now
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00030-00012008-00012108 - do you see that?
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00031-00012198-00012434 yes, somewhat
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00032-00012454-00012941 that's why it makes sense what Karin sensed that if you follow it, it is gone.
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00033-00012941-00013080 the best day for this to happen!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00034-00013166-00013732 It is Sunday and we still go to Graz today and find a shop tomorrow.
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00035-00013736-00014034 better than somewhere in Mongolia ...
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00036-00014163-00014618 the new windscreen wipers are so great! in conjunction with the new screen
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00037-00014796-00015194 And that's really better than most of the other cars I've been driving lately!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00038-00015222-00015490 this is really like in delivery conditions
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00039-00015490-00016008 if a Mercedes is five years old then it's not like the first day, too!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00040-00016074-00016334 I'm so happy!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00041-00017470-00018064 we are now nearly there and on this little street it's just so nice to drive with the light bar
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00042-00018180-00018520 that would be the high beam - that really shines very far into the distance
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00043-00018520-00018990 but just illuminating - the light bar is so much better.
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00044-00019004-00019362 since we ride together, which we do very often
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00045-00019382-00019920 the switch is in the middle and thus the co-driver can engage the high beam.
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00046-00019948-00020314 It is practically like a automatic high beam, relieving the driver.
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00047-00020354-00020637 I have not thought about that during installation, but the idea,
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00048-00020638-00020970 it is really practical when the switch for the high beam is in the middle
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00049-00020994-00021632 then the passenger can also switch that and you do not have to focus on turning the light on and off
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00050-00021822-00022014 a manual automatic high beam.
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00051-00022024-00022230 So now - a warm night in the house
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00052-00022230-00022528 Tomorrow we'll look for a shop
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00053-00022538-00022812 and how long they need and then really get going
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00054-00023138-00023542 We are now at GB premium cars.
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00055-00023598-00024090 I actually wanted to ask by phone if they do accept non-premium cars, too!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00056-00024158-00024442 We now agreed that we now dismantle the bar here
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00057-00024442-00024924 we've got the new bushes here , already payed; with "LandRover-Pricing"
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00058-00024932-00025300 they will assemble it and so... get it done and start driving,,,
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00059-00025610-00026402 unfortunately the jack ist at the very back of this drawer; so I need to get everything out first
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00060-00026402-00026838 at the very bottom, at the very end
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00061-00027045-00027145 damn!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00062-00027194-00027536 you needed two hours yesterday to pack this drawer, didn't you?
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00063-00027616-00027827 get everything out again...
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00064-00028260-00028845 I think this movement is not good, the other orientation I don't know…
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00065-00028898-00029127 we will see after we installed the new bush
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00066-00029127-00029327 OLD BUSH
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00067-00029812-00030012 NEW BUSH
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00068-00030312-00030783 cool! Everything is done, let's go to Mongolia!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00069-00031027-00031295 first time at 80km/h again, everything okay?
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00070-00031312-00031424 Even a little faster
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00071-00031424-00031624 everything fine!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00072-00031624-00032398 yes, looks like we fixed it for good! Just the normal vibrations you get every time!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00073-00032466-00032812 I am always startled when seeing a "100 km/h" limitation and look at the speedometer
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00074-00032812-00032956 ha! Only going 90!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00075-00033088-00033444 for you are always speeding - with other cars
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00076-00033616-00033804 we have a new companion!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00077-00033804-00034214 I'd love to have a dog, but in here it wouldn't be good, so…
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00078-00034214-00034860 now, even if you quarrel you are never alone!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00079-00034860-00035310 and it's so cute! (it's so fluffy I'm gonna die!)
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00080-00035904-00036156 so long republic of Austria!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00081-00036844-00037248 it's realy crazy how fast the roads are changing after crossing the border!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00082-00037280-00037780 we selected roads w/o toll, so not the best ones
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00083-00037804-00037932 but
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00084-00038132-00038668 the difference within 20km is striking!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00085-00038726-00038938 Vienna - Graz
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00086-00038938-00039144 here we crossed the Hungary;
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00087-00039144-00039496 now we follow the Balaton on the south side
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00088-00039496-00039802 somewhere here we slept at DAE3 - I believe
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00089-00039894-00040296 continuing to Timisoara in Rumania
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00090-00040350-00040628 and something like this to Balgaria
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00091-00040678-00040810 it's quite windy
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00092-00040872-00041046 and the grass
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00093-00041050-00041502 the fields -  are moving so nicely; a really relaxing view!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00094-00041560-00041896 we now have a Thermos
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00095-00041918-00042270 a really progress for us!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00096-00042322-00042588 okay, it's another thing that takes space
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00097-00042644-00043142 but coming back after getting the new battery pack for the camera
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00098-00043250-00043440 and drinking hot tea afterwards
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00099-00043460-00043560 perfect!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00100-00043582-00043734 it's cold outside
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00101-00043788-00044104 but still we want something warm to eat
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00102-00044126-00044740 it's really great because … well, right now we just dumped all our shopping in here….
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00103-00044750-00045292 but still I have room to kneel here, place the stove here and I'm out of the wind!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00104-00045312-00045622 last year we always had to cook outside
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00105-00045622-00045886 meaning we had to position us into the wind with Nora (=Defender)
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00106-00045886-00046092 and that was always a hassle
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00107-00046092-00046350 now it's a little warm room inside here!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00108-00046466-00046672 OH - crazy!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00109-00046750-00046850 YOLO!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00110-00047196-00047628 we listen to Croatian radio!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00111-00047706-00048022 and it's just like …
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00112-00048022-00048414 Orina HR [speaks "croatian"]
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00113-00048414-00048590 Croatian commercials - yaii!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00114-00048590-00048738 it's just so nice because....
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00115-00048738-00049104 this time last year we started working in Croatia
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00116-00049234-00049548 and we have lots of good memories about good times
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00117-00049548-00049888 all comes back with this radio station here!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00118-00052105-00052688 it rained quite heavily and now the roads are all wet and slippery
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00119-00052914-00053208 I wouldn't do that with a normal car
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00120-00053541-00054028 but our Defender just pulls through, no problem at all!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00121-00054246-00054702 we checked out like 5 side roads and now we found what we were looking for
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00122-00054710-00055241 at the end here is a blocked gate, not used for ages!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00123-00055241-00055552 this place here looks good, a little bit of mud but no problem;
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00124-00055552-00055941 some stones on the road so we don't slip all over the place
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00125-00055958-00056064 you don't dig in … much
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00126-00056064-00056236 no house to be seen
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00127-00056244-00056396 only fields, so quiet
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00128-00056416-00056838 or is it? All the animals make NOISE!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00129-00057394-00057674 little ones or big one?
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00130-00057741-00057886 I hand you one down
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00131-00059166-00059404 we placed a switch here in the central part
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00132-00059404-00059564 so our auxiliary heating is working
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00133-00059564-00059934 meaning for us: one cable less to connect, less work, and it's warm!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00134-00059958-00060164 heater is running, tent is up,
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00135-00060240-00060491 and already warm!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00136-00060491-00060732 I put some things in and they are warm already!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00137-00060758-00060972 turned out to be a really cool place for us!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00138-00061674-00062214 at the start we are motivated for good cooking - I hope it stays like this!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00139-00063348-00063598 now that all is quiet - apart from the birds -
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00140-00063598-00063782 did you hear that?
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00141-00063782-00064148 you can hear those dark bangs…
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00142-00064148-00064288 bangs-s?
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00143-00064288-00064641 we heard that before...at different sites, too
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00144-00064641-00064988 we think someone is out shooting
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00145-00064988-00065188 explosions would be a bit extreme
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00146-00065290-00065534 maybe it's just to scare away some animals
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00147-00065596-00065704 I'm not sure, but
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00148-00065720-00066176 if it's a hunter we don't need to be afraid, missed at least 13 times already!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00149-00066200-00066400 no need to worry
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00150-00066400-00066772 that's one of the situations when we were a little bit edgy at the beginnings
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00151-00067002-00067246 a warm cave!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00152-00067286-00067536 I can get rid of all my jackets!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00153-00067540-00068224 I just thought even if camping is not so great right now due to rain….
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00154-00068224-00068662 it's still a means to an end so you end up at beautiful places
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00155-00068662-00069022 it still is awesome to be in a place like this, and there will be sunshine after rain
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00156-00069022-00069468 quite impressive to hear all these birds singing again after the rain! Joy!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00157-00069468-00069796 and if you picture additional sunshine - great!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00158-00069824-00070236 one addition to the positive sides of camping in the cold:
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00159-00070236-00070800 it's just nice to have the cold air on your face when the rest of your body is warm and cosy!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00160-00070944-00071362 this feeling of comfort and safety
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00161-00071388-00071676 still cold air up your nose…
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00162-00071858-00072165 we even saw some deers!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00163-00072166-00072676 and that's just the first day of many more to come!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00164-00072706-00073056 yes, we are home again and it's just incredible!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00165-00073132-00073406 also we now have a beautiful flower blanket!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00166-00073406-00073686 I wanted to have some convenience…
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00167-00073686-00073774 2,2m long
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00168-00073798-00074212 - so I'm tucked in from head to toes!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00169-00074254-00074565 plus there was not much choice for this size
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00170-00074566-00074750 - so flower blanket!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00171-00074750-00075084 no matter the choice - you would have picked the flower blanket!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00172-00075342-00075844 no wind at all! And by now everyone knows how much I love that!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00173-00075844-00076146 we now have the heating hose under the blanket - so nice!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00174-00076146-00076438 Before our bodies needed to do the heating…
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00175-00076438-00076746 and now we just tuck the hose in for 5 minutes
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00176-00076756-00076958 and fall asleep!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00177-00077032-00077132 nice!
+RCnPUu59RoQ-00178-00077166-00077266 good night!
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00000-00000214-00000327 Hey jammers!
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00001-00000327-00000561 Snowyclaw here from the Animal Jam Spirit.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00002-00000561-00000880 As you may have noticed, I’ve been playing around with a new project idea.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00003-00000880-00001274 I’m starting a crazy little series called “Animal Jam History” – videos tackling
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00004-00001274-00001498 the complicated history of Jamaa.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00005-00001498-00001907 And what better way of retelling our history than taking the form of my first Animal Jam
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00006-00001907-00002014 character, Old Frozenspirit?
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00007-00002014-00002514 I took the inspiration for the series’ style from animation analysis videos I’ve seen
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00008-00002514-00002614 all around YouTube.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00009-00002614-00003050 I have teamed up with the jamtastic artist BirdyCrossing to bring this animatic video
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00010-00003050-00003353 to life, and was hoping you may want to donate to the cause!
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00011-00003353-00003754 Videos like these take a lot of editing power, so if you, or you with the help of your parents,
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00012-00003754-00004193 want to assist in making this project possible by donating to my Patreon that would be ever
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00013-00004193-00004301 so helpful.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00014-00004301-00004626 ^-^ There are lots of little bonus prizes that can come with your donation, and as time
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00015-00004626-00004870 goes by they will likely evolve into even bigger and better things…
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00016-00004870-00005022 We’ll just have to wait and see.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00017-00005022-00005537 How Patreon works is this: first you decide how much you’d like to donate per video.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00018-00005537-00005807 Don’t worry, I only count the videos that are part of this project!
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00019-00005807-00006176 Not any of my “online Animal Jam” or “in real life” ones.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00020-00006176-00006558 Second, you set a limit on how much you would donate per month – I won’t be publishing
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00021-00006558-00006981 too many, since they are pretty time consuming to make, but it’s a good safety measure.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00022-00006981-00007376 And finally, you decide on the prize that comes with your donation!
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00023-00007376-00007758 Prizes range from early viewings and channel shoutouts to being live, skype guests in some
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00024-00007758-00007898 of my Animal Jam videos.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00025-00007898-00008267 There are already four pawsome Spirit Patrons – Birdy, Rockabilly, ava, and Corrallie.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00026-00008267-00008382 Thanks you guys!
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00027-00008382-00008667 I hope you will enjoy the upcoming videos.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00028-00008667-00008767 ;)
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00029-00008767-00009100 If you’d like to help with the history aspect of the video-making you can submit media (images,
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00030-00009100-00009515 videos, articles) that have documentation of Animal Jam’s past.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00031-00009515-00010028 Submit what you find with links and attachments in an email to animaljamspirit@gmail.com – if
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00032-00010028-00010364 you’re the first one to show me something I didn’t know about Jamaa, you will be featured
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00033-00010364-00010494 in the video credits!
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00034-00010494-00010756 Be sure to include your sources though, so I can feature them too.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00035-00010756-00010856 :)
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00036-00010856-00010995 Other than that, I just wan’t to know what you think of the style!
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00037-00010995-00011335 And also, what aspects of Jamaa’s history do you want to see me include?
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00038-00011335-00011704 Would you also like me to do another related series focusing on the history of the game’s
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00039-00011704-00011804 most popular items?
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00040-00011804-00011904 “Animal Jam Items,” hmm…
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00041-00011904-00012004 I could see that happening.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00042-00012004-00012104 Let me know what you think in the comments below!
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00043-00012104-00012518 Thank you for supporting me by watching my crazy collection of videos about Jamaa.
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00044-00012518-00012853 Hopefully this new theme will be a fun little addition to the ever growing world of Animal
+RD-A7PF0Jpg-00045-00012853-00012953 Jam.
+RENu8V3dcGo-00000-00000016-00000408 Project 3 so you know you're doing everything correctly. So in problem one we're gonna
+RENu8V3dcGo-00001-00000504-00000776 fake roll a dice using technology.
+RENu8V3dcGo-00002-00000776-00001008 So we're going to create a first column one through six,
+RENu8V3dcGo-00003-00001184-00001592 so I did that here. So I made a column here, I just type one through six. It's a dice.
+RENu8V3dcGo-00004-00001655-00001984 And then you're going to go ahead, you can do b and c on your own. And so what we're going to do
+RENu8V3dcGo-00005-00001984-00002456 is we're gonna pretend to roll a dice using technology. So you're gonna go to data, sample,
+RENu8V3dcGo-00006-00002616-00003056 500 for 500 rolls, and then we're going to sample with replacement
+RENu8V3dcGo-00007-00003056-00003376 and what that means here is just that you can roll the same number more than once.
+RENu8V3dcGo-00008-00003488-00003968 So it's okay to roll a one more than once. So I did that step and I got this column. So I
+RENu8V3dcGo-00009-00003968-00004600 rolled a 5 and then a 1 and then a 6 and then I rolled a 5 again. And so these are my 500 rolls.
+RENu8V3dcGo-00010-00004600-00005008 Because if we did this by hand it would take too long. So we're having StatCrunch pretend
+RENu8V3dcGo-00011-00005008-00005416 to roll for us, so we'll all get a slightly different graph, and slightly different rolls.
+RENu8V3dcGo-00012-00005552-00005896 You'll repeat this for 1,000 and 5,000 and then you can go through the steps.
+RENu8V3dcGo-00013-00006032-00006680 In example 2 and 3, we're gonna practice that normality test from 6.5 because that'll be really
+RENu8V3dcGo-00014-00006680-00007336 important in our later sections. So example 2 uses data that I have for you so you'll see that here,
+RENu8V3dcGo-00015-00007423-00008040 it's just temperatures in June of 2016. And then you can go through the steps for normality test
+RENu8V3dcGo-00016-00008040-00008584 and then in part 3 we are going to make a new column with a binomial sample.
+RENu8V3dcGo-00017-00008720-00009232 So x will be number of tails out of 500 flips for a coin.
+RENu8V3dcGo-00018-00009232-00009784 So imagine we're flipping a coin and counting how many times we get tails. 500 flips would
+RENu8V3dcGo-00019-00009784-00010176 take forever by hand so we'll simulate it and so this is the process for simulating.
+RENu8V3dcGo-00020-00010232-00010496 And again everyone's will be slightly different right if we all
+RENu8V3dcGo-00021-00010560-00010864 flipped 500 coins we'd get a different number of tails.
+RENu8V3dcGo-00022-00010944-00011384 So it's okay that it's different so let me know if you have questions i hope this gets you started.
+RGJH3T--jnU-00000-00000852-00001052 Good morning
+RGJH3T--jnU-00001-00001052-00001180 Hi
+RGJH3T--jnU-00002-00001190-00001252 What?
+RGJH3T--jnU-00003-00001252-00001396 Copenhagen
+RGJH3T--jnU-00004-00001416-00001652 6.5 hours of flying
+RGJH3T--jnU-00005-00001652-00001888 I have just finished my holidays
+RGJH3T--jnU-00006-00001888-00002204 it's my first flight after them
+RGJH3T--jnU-00007-00002256-00002456 Europe again
+RGJH3T--jnU-00008-00002456-00003144 Unfortunately weather is not so good as I've had it so far in Madrid and Barcelona
+RGJH3T--jnU-00009-00003144-00003344 because it's around 10 degrees Celsius
+RGJH3T--jnU-00010-00003344-00003544 but what can we do
+RGJH3T--jnU-00011-00003608-00003808 It is what it is
+RGJH3T--jnU-00012-00003808-00004132 No more talking, let's go sightseeing! Maybe I'll talk later
+RGJH3T--jnU-00013-00004196-00004396 Let's go while it's bright!
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00000-00005056-00005784 foreign
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00001-00006168-00007184 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00002-00012776-00012784 you
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00003-00019984-00021184 wow
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00004-00030168-00030983 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00005-00032936-00033784 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00006-00034472-00035184 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00007-00038480-00039384 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00008-00046712-00047784 uh
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00009-00050928-00051984 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00010-00052567-00053384 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00011-00054648-00054784 down
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00012-00062544-00063184 do
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00013-00079576-00081384 so so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00014-00083488-00084184 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00015-00087640-00088384 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00016-00088968-00089784 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00017-00093328-00093984 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00018-00094720-00095384 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00019-00096592-00096784 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00020-00098528-00099584 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00021-00100096-00100984 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00022-00105272-00106583 okay
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00023-00107368-00107983 we
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00024-00108216-00109383 uh
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00025-00112183-00112192 you
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00026-00127272-00127583 is
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00027-00147080-00147184 toy
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00028-00153360-00154184 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00029-00159600-00159784 two
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00030-00165376-00165384 foreign
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00031-00167376-00168184 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00032-00179376-00179384 this
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00033-00185528-00186384 do
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00034-00188520-00189184 do
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00035-00189912-00190584 do
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00036-00199592-00200384 do
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00037-00206544-00207384 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00038-00210728-00211584 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00039-00213336-00214384 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00040-00214912-00215784 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00041-00218423-00218584 this
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00042-00218784-00219984 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00043-00220648-00221384 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00044-00223416-00224184 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00045-00226088-00226984 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00046-00228200-00229784 foreign
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00047-00229984-00231184 my
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00048-00231592-00232584 wheels
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00049-00233184-00234544 we we
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00050-00234792-00235384 will
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00051-00248656-00249384 do
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00052-00257776-00257784 foreign
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00053-00274248-00274584 do
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00054-00286768-00287184 do
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00055-00303856-00303984 yes
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00056-00308768-00309584 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00057-00314688-00315184 do
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00058-00317280-00317984 do
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00059-00325616-00326384 do
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00060-00334096-00334784 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00061-00336864-00337584 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00062-00340800-00341784 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00063-00342216-00344584 so so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00064-00348008-00348784 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00065-00350496-00351584 so
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00066-00359496-00359984 we
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00067-00360280-00362784 oh oh
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00068-00366064-00366984 do
+RHIRvfmhvuc-00069-00380736-00380744 you
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00000-00000131-00000458 I'm Michael Barr. I'm the Dean of the Ford School of Public Policy.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00001-00000527-00000921 I wanna give special thanks to two people who couldn't make it today,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00002-00000921-00001324 but who are integral to this event, Gail Omen and Martha Darling.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00003-00001396-00001720 They have provided generous support through a health policy fund
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00004-00001805-00002164 for today's event and other events we've held on health policy.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00005-00002164-00002509 I'm deeply grateful to both of them for their work together.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00006-00002614-00003060 Before we get started, let me say today commemorates the 50th anniversary
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00007-00003060-00003561 of Martin Luther King's assassination, which is obviously a deeply
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00008-00003635-00003924 troubling event in our nation's history. And before
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00009-00003995-00004579 Dr. King was killed, he was organizing a march on Washington called the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00010-00004579-00005040 Poor People's Campaign. And we have an exhibit in our hallway on the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00011-00005040-00005415 second floor that I encourage you to go visit on the way out,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00012-00005490-00005698 highlighting some of his work on this area.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00013-00005755-00006149 The Poor People's Campaign was designed to draw attention to poverty in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00014-00006149-00006755 America as a global human rights issue. And the King campaign saw to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00015-00006755-00007259 demand better jobs, better homes, better education, and quite relevant for
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00016-00007259-00007636 our discussion today, better healthcare, to improve people's lives.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00017-00007753-00008108 With many at the Ford School are dedicating their work to address issues
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00018-00008108-00008595 of poverty and inequality through policy. It is my deep pleasure to introduce
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00019-00008599-00009106 you to today's moderator, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and professor
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00020-00009106-00009149 of Public
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00021-00009490-00009824 Policy, Paula Lantz. Earlier this year, Dr. Lantz was one of 52 distinguished
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00022-00009824-00010234 social insurance experts to be elected to the National Academy of Social
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00023-00010234-00010712 Insurance. As a social demographer, Dr. Lantz studies the role of public
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00024-00010712-00011211 health and healthcare reform, clinical preventive services and social inequality
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00025-00011211-00011633 in health. Her current research explores the potential of social impact
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00026-00011635-00012051 bonds to reduce Medicaid expenditures and improve health outcomes.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00027-00012142-00012601 And with that, let me leave you in her capable hands to tell
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00028-00012601-00012979 you more about our esteemed panelists today. Please join me in welcoming
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00029-00012980-00013016 Dr.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00030-00013497-00013874 Lantz. Good afternoon everyone.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00031-00013983-00014335 Thank you Dean Barr, for your warm welcome and kind words.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00032-00014372-00014744 And I also do want to honor Dr. Martin Luther King today,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00033-00014822-00015180 by reminding us of one his many moving and compelling quotes:
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00034-00015325-00015774 Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in healthcare is of more shocking
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00035-00015819-00015909 and inhumane.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00036-00016022-00016305 So we've gathered here today to talk about healthcare,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00037-00016389-00016853 and one really important aspect of healthcare, and that is financial access
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00038-00016853-00017045 to healthcare through health insurance.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00039-00017166-00017624 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, was implemented
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00040-00017624-00018056 in 2010, and by no means was a perfect piece of legislation,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00041-00018093-00018520 with a thousand pages as a law, and many times that in rules
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00042-00018523-00018986 and regs, the ACA implemented some sweeping reforms and health insurance
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00043-00018997-00019139 and healthcare costs in quality.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00044-00019292-00019764 With a well worn motto in public policy, of don't let perfect be
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00045-00019764-00020205 the enemy of the good, and a few quick trips to the supreme
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00046-00020205-00020402 court. The Affordable Care Act
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00047-00020535-00020854 was implemented by the Obama administration.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00048-00020993-00021431 This included new regulations for the health insurance industry, including
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00049-00021431-00021948 a ban on pre existing conditions, medical loss ratio limits, and coverage
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00050-00021949-00022380 for adult children up to age 26 with many of the students at
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00051-00022380-00022650 the University of Michigan really appreciating that provision.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00052-00022778-00023231 The ACA also brought us the individual mandate. With few exceptions,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00053-00023237-00023502 everyone was required to have health insurance coverage.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00054-00023575-00024001 To assist with these goals, states were required to operate marketplaces
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00055-00024026-00024388 for people who needed to purchase insurance in the individual health insurance
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00056-00024388-00024848 market, with significant technical support and subsidies from the federal
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00057-00024848-00025255 government. In addition, the Affordable Care Act allowed states to expand
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00058-00025255-00025829 their Medicaid programs to non disabled, low income individuals who traditionally
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00059-00025829-00026268 would not qualify for Medicaid. And this again was with significant subsidies
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00060-00026268-00026352 from the Federal government.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00061-00026454-00026900 The rate of un insurance among people under age 65 in the United
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00062-00026900-00027131 States was 18.2% in 2010.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00063-00027339-00027750 By 2016 that had dropped to a historic low of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00064-00027891-00028263 10.3%. Even so, the Affordable Care Act has always had a loud,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00065-00028267-00028730 dramatic, and primarily partisan chorus of critics. With a new Congress
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00066-00028730-00029139 and new administration in 2017, the Affordable Care Act has been threatened
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00067-00029139-00029716 with full repeal, with repeal and replace, repeal and reform, and administrative
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00068-00029716-00029794 sabotage.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00069-00030057-00030302 While major repeal efforts thus far have failed, the Affordable Care Act
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00070-00030302-00030737 has been dealt some significant blows. This includes that the new tax bill
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00071-00030762-00031222 and the individual mandate. In addition, the Trump administration has pulled
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00072-00031256-00031479 a lot of resources away from supporting
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00073-00031581-00031933 and promoting the exchanges, and has openly criticized the Affordable Care
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00074-00031933-00032406 Act during the open enrollment period. Other administrative moves have included
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00075-00032431-00032866 discontinuation of cost sharing reduction payments, and more recently guidance
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00076-00032867-00033441 for states to use section 11 15 waivers to implement work requirements for
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00077-00033446-00033582 Medicaid beneficiaries.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00078-00033725-00034283 It's complicated as they say. Very complicated and who better to help us
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00079-00034284-00034747 sort through all of this, than our distinguished panel of guests today.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00080-00034747-00035045 So please come on up and I will
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00081-00035102-00035239 introduce all of them.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00082-00035588-00035647 Thank you.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00083-00035824-00036171 So we are lucky today to have with us Dr. Gail Wilensky.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00084-00036244-00036643 She's an internationally respected health economist and senior fellow at
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00085-00036643-00037093 Project Hope, which is an international health foundation. Among her many
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00086-00037093-00037584 impressive prior positions, she directed the Medicare and Medicaid programs
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00087-00037584-00038002 from 1990 to 1992. And served in the White House as a Senior
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00088-00038002-00038606 Health and Welfare advisor to President G. H. W. Bush. Dr. Wilensky testifies
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00089-00038632-00039102 frequently before Congressional Committees, serves as an advisor to a wide
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00090-00039104-00039462 array of policy makers at the State, Federal and International levels.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00091-00039538-00040056 And she is a proud graduate of the University of Michigan for both
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00092-00040056-00040577 her undergraduate degree and her PhD in Economics, and she's also very dedicated
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00093-00040585-00040900 and warm friend to the Ford School. So please join me in welcoming
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00094-00040904-00040974 Dr. Gail Wilensky. Also with
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00095-00041686-00042014 us today is Jonathan Cohn, in the center hotspot.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00096-00042086-00042501 He is a Senior National Correspondent at Huffington Post. He writes about
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00097-00042501-00042967 politics and social welfare policy with great expertise in the area of health
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00098-00042967-00043435 policy. He is the author of a book, "Sick: The Untold Story of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00099-00043435-00043771 America's Healthcare Crisis and the People Who Pay the Price."
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00100-00043838-00044224 He has won numerous awards and accolades for his journalism and we're very
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00101-00044224-00044578 fortunate to have him here with us today as well. So welcome to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00102-00044579-00044619 Jonathan
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00103-00045077-00045524 Cohn. And we also have with us Dr. John Ayanian. John is a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00104-00045525-00045882 physician, professor of Internal Medicine, and also a professor here with
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00105-00045882-00046247 us in the Ford School, professor of Public Policy. And he's the director
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00106-00046248-00046669 of the University of Michigan's Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00107-00046748-00047193 His research focuses on access to care, quality of care, and healthcare
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00108-00047194-00047603 disparities. And he's currently leading an evaluation of the Medicaid expansion
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00109-00047604-00048031 in the State of Michigan. Dr. Ayanian has served in key health policy
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00110-00048031-00048392 advisory roles to State and Federal government is an elected member of the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00111-00048392-00048751 National Academy of Medicine. Welcome to Dr. John Ayanian.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00112-00049165-00049171 Alright.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00113-00049308-00049659 So we're gonna get to our discussion, and here's what our format will
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00114-00049659-00049737 be today.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00115-00049853-00050274 I am going to ask our panelists some questions. We'll have a bit
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00116-00050274-00050394 of moderated discussion,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00117-00050513-00050749 but then we'll turn to all of you, and we will have time
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00118-00050790-00051337 for Q&A with the audience. I hope you all have the little white
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00119-00051348-00051717 note cards at your disposal, you can write your questions on them,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00120-00051717-00052077 and some terrific Ford School staff will be collecting them and then bringing
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00121-00052077-00052340 them down to our... Who I'll introduce later, our team who will
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00122-00052560-00053167 be presenting audience questions to our panelists here. For the people who
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00123-00053167-00053591 are participating with us online, welcome to them. And you are also encouraged
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00124-00053592-00054054 to participate in the Q&A portion. You can send in your questions via
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00125-00054054-00054241 Twitter using the #PolicyTalks.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00126-00054571-00055014 Alright. Panelists. Alright. Alright. We're gonna start out
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00127-00055094-00055447 asking you to think about where are we today?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00128-00055511-00055872 What are your thoughts on how the Affordable Care Act had been working
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00129-00055872-00056242 through it's first years in the Obama Administration, and the changes and
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00130-00056242-00056616 reforms that the current Congress and administration have made to date?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00131-00056672-00056997 We'll start with Gail on that and then go
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00132-00057099-00057442 in order through as you're seated there. So, Gail?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00133-00057538-00058094 I think the, hands down, most important effect that we have seen to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00134-00058094-00058621 date is the expansion in coverage, which you mentioned early
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00135-00058749-00059202 on. This has been a challenge the United States has had,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00136-00059232-00060077 continues to some degree to have, and was only going to be ameliorated
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00137-00060020-00060754 if there were proactive changes to expand Medicaid coverage to some of the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00138-00060754-00061258 poor and low income people not otherwise covered by Medicaid. And to some
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00139-00061258-00061683 of the people who were not in a position to get employer sponsored
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00140-00061683-00062296 insurance, either because their employer didn't offer it, they were self
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00141-00062311-00062829 employed or entrepreneurial, or they chose not to accept it.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00142-00062937-00063588 As you've indicated, we have seen a substantial reduction, 2010 is a somewhat
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00143-00063641-00063880 artificially high start date.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00144-00063988-00064417 It was very much when we were still on the throes of the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00145-00064417-00064969 recession. But it's close enough to indicate that we have seen a substantial
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00146-00064969-00065328 reduction in the number of uninsured, that's a real positive.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00147-00065451-00066176 It looked as though we were seeing a slower growth in spending that
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00148-00066177-00066581 some attributed to the Affordable Care Acts introduction.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00149-00066729-00067086 I was never convinced and I think there is enough
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00150-00067161-00067626 indication now that most of the slow down, which was very helpful to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00151-00067629-00067930 have experienced, from 2010 to 2014,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00152-00068042-00068645 happened primarily because of the global recession. And secondarily, because
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00153-00068645-00069386 of the adoption of high deductible plans not just in the exchanges,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00154-00069471-00069830 but more importantly because it's much bigger, by many
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00155-00069897-00070422 employers in terms of having an impact on healthcare spending. You can raise
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00156-00070423-00071011 some other questions about potentially undesirable effects, but it has a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00157-00071011-00071669 real effect on spending. This became clearer when OECD put out information
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00158-00071669-00072203 in the fall of 2015, that looked at spending worldwide
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00159-00072265-00072408 from 2009 to 2014.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00160-00072615-00073223 And as significant a reduction as we in the United States experience during
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00161-00073223-00073672 that period, it was actually slightly less than the average OECD country
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00162-00073706-00073942 experienced during 2009 to 2014.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00163-00074243-00074573 Again, we were able to have a period of slow spending,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00164-00074598-00075126 good for us, that knocks down the base from which the growth is
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00165-00075126-00075366 now reoccurring. It's a reminder
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00166-00075467-00075944 that we have not actually resolved many of those challenges.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00167-00076011-00076389 Most interesting part of what has happened to date,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00168-00076484-00077041 despite the best efforts or at least efforts, I don't know they sometimes
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00169-00077041-00077522 didn't seem very well thought through, of the Republican Congress
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00170-00077646-00078474 to repeal, or repeal and replace, or repeal and modify the Affordable Care
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00171-00078474-00078859 Act, there has been very little that's actually happened to date.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00172-00078939-00079357 Including either legislation that has been passed, or more importantly,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00173-00079450-00079734 coverage that has been reported.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00174-00079865-00080176 Despite taking away some of the promotion money,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00175-00080227-00080810 the number of people in the exchanges is very modestly less than it
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00176-00080811-00081151 had been, about 400,000 out of 11.3
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00177-00081451-00081890 million. That is really not very surprising because the good news or the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00178-00081907-00082256 bad news is, most of the people that went into the exchanges
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00179-00082340-00082810 were those individuals that were very heavily subsidized, or who really,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00180-00082810-00083323 really wanted insurance and had been medically un insurable before the Act.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00181-00083400-00083546 Those people are continuing
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00182-00083699-00084277 to participate with heavy subsidies. They are mostly the under 250%
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00183-00084436-00084962 of poverty line people, or people who are on the expanded Medicaid program,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00184-00084999-00085404 which is where the heavy lifting of insurance expansion has occurred.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00185-00085446-00085599 It is really in many ways the unsung
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00186-00085659-00086094 hero of the Affordable Care Act. With a lot less drama,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00187-00086095-00086344 it's picked up the majority of newly insured.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00188-00086436-00086778 As best we can tell, it has done a good enough job that
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00189-00086778-00087160 the rest of us haven't heard too much about it, which is usually
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00190-00087160-00087767 not a bad metric to follow. The bad news is the instability in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00191-00087767-00088416 the insurance exchanges that had been present almost from the get go continues.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00192-00088452-00088563 Before the election,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00193-00088669-00089184 a third or slightly more counties had only one insurer. That is not
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00194-00089191-00089259 improving.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00195-00089364-00090072 There has been substantial increases in premiums. Some people thought they
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00196-00090072-00090422 would be one time. It was hard to make that conclusion on the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00197-00090422-00090902 basis of one point. One point does not a line or trend make.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00198-00090944-00091382 For most of the people on the exchanges, it was relatively irrelevant,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00199-00091423-00091852 because their subsidies are calculated in a way to pick up the premium
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00200-00091852-00092294 exchange, the premium change. It's really the people who were outside of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00201-00092294-00092986 the exchanges that have been impacted negatively because of the increase
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00202-00092986-00093446 in cost of the exchange. Now, it's not like the Republican Congress
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00203-00093544-00094086 didn't try to destabilize them. I think for the most part,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00204-00094151-00094529 it has had surprisingly little effect. And in my opinion
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00205-00094632-00095176 the relaxation of the mandate will also have minimal effect,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00206-00095250-00095433 I am not in favor of that by the way.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00207-00095501-00095887 If you guarantee that people with pre existing conditions
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00208-00096075-00096660 should not be penalized if they don't insure, or decide at some point
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00209-00096664-00097193 they wanna become insured, you have to have some heavy duty arm twisting
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00210-00097193-00097736 incentive around to keep them in or you invite bad behavior and adverse
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00211-00097737-00098117 selection. The reason I think it'll have almost no effect
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00212-00098203-00098679 is because the people who are in are being heavily subsidized,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00213-00098705-00099119 and there is no real place for them to go that would make
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00214-00099119-00099615 any sense for them to go to. So while in principle it's dumb,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00215-00099684-00100147 bad policy, in practice I think it has very little effect.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00216-00100167-00100677 But it wasn't the only dumb policy that went on, Jonathan actually had
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00217-00100677-00101100 quoted me early on before the Affordable Care Act was implemented,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00218-00101133-00101527 about some of the worries that I had. "Was the mandate tough enough?"
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00219-00101607-00102205 The notion of guaranteeing people who are under 26 that they can stay
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00220-00102205-00102690 on their parents policy made great sense until 2014,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00221-00102765-00103167 when at which point you could get subsidized insurance on your own.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00222-00103231-00103578 It was not such a bright eyed policy idea after that,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00223-00103608-00104080 because it artificially narrowed the favorable risk pool that you would
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00224-00104080-00104409 otherwise like to come in. And this is all
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00225-00104508-00104989 part and parcel of an ongoing problem of how to try to get
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00226-00105021-00105455 a broad risk pool so that you don't get only those who are
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00227-00105475-00105963 the expected high users wanting to come in, or who almost bear no
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00228-00105986-00106325 cost. We'll have time I know to talk about some of the things
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00229-00106400-00106750 I think need to happen in order to fix those.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00230-00106801-00107297 But my assessment is despite the efforts of I guess not very effective
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00231-00107297-00107857 Republican in Congress, there has been precious little change
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00232-00108008-00108330 on the Affordable Care Act in terms of participation,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00233-00108385-00108820 both by individuals and insurance companies. And I think actually
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00234-00108877-00109414 the president is correct, the cost sharing reduction payments ought to be
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00235-00109417-00109934 done by Congress, not administratively, that was always a hokey fix,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00236-00110006-00110445 and at least the one judicial ruling that occurred indicated
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00237-00110513-00110999 that this was correct, it needed to be an appropriation and not an
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00238-00110999-00111126 administrative expenditure.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00239-00111300-00111333 That's great.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00240-00111558-00111904 Gail and I have done panels and interviews like this before,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00241-00111907-00112165 and I'm a little disappointed 'cause usually we have a more
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00242-00112252-00112709 contrasting points of view. And actually our 30,000 foot view of the Affordable
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00243-00112709-00113121 Care Act is remarkably similar, until we get to the effects maybe of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00244-00113146-00113439 some of what has happened since the Trump presidency has begun.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00245-00113439-00113782 But my overview is gonna sound a lot like hers, so
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00246-00113852-00114061 apologies for that. But
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00247-00114239-00114627 to me, what is the biggest accomplishment of the Affordable Care Act?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00248-00114628-00114864 I actually think there are two. Number one is the coverage expansion,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00249-00114866-00115232 and I think it's important to remember that when we say so many
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00250-00115232-00115644 millions of people got insurance, that's not just numbers, that's not just
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00251-00115644-00116011 statistics, these are real people getting healthcare. We actually are getting
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00252-00116011-00116213 data now that shows pretty conclusively
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00253-00116389-00116861 that overall we are seeing improved access to care, overall we're seeing
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00254-00116966-00117286 more financial security as a result of the... These things are hard to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00255-00117286-00117631 measure, the effects are not always as dramatic as you would like,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00256-00117631-00118022 but I think it's very clear that we have increased human welfare,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00257-00118030-00118350 we have protected people who needed protecting, and that's a really big
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00258-00118350-00118568 deal on this scale, we don't do that a lot in this country.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00259-00118658-00118940 The second big accomplishment I think is, I think the Affordable Care Act
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00260-00118940-00119389 has changed the political conversation. It has moved the bar. It has changed
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00261-00119390-00119882 expectations. It has changed public expectations of what the government,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00262-00119882-00120217 what our society, should provide to people in terms of health insurance.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00263-00120243-00120718 And that was actually not clear until the effort at repeal happened.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00264-00120751-00121180 It was only when the Republican Congress tried to repeal the Affordable
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00265-00121180-00121427 Care Act, which had never really been that popular,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00266-00121511-00121714 and yet when they tried to take away
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00267-00121775-00122058 protections for pre existing conditions, when they tried to take insurance
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00268-00122058-00122381 away from millions of people who had on Medicaid, there was an outcry
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00269-00122383-00122459 and they failed.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00270-00122573-00122611 Barely.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00271-00122715-00123047 It's not that hard to imagine that debate having gone a different way,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00272-00123061-00123511 but I do think that's an indication of how expectations have changed.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00273-00123661-00124050 At the same time, it set expectations that the law itself has not
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00274-00124051-00124345 met. We still have tens of millions of people who don't have health
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00275-00124345-00124754 insurance. Lots of people who have health insurance cannot afford their
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00276-00124754-00125039 medical bills even now. There are a lotta people who feel like they
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00277-00125040-00125138 are worse off
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00278-00125326-00125666 because of the changes of the Affordable Care Act. These are all failures,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00279-00125696-00126325 shortcomings, and these were all true at the end of the Obama presidency.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00280-00126459-00126807 I wanna drill down carefully onto the marketplace that the non group is
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00281-00126823-00127142 'cause I think that's not as Gail says, it's not the most important
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00282-00127142-00127415 part of the Affordable Care Act, it's a portion of the Affordable Care
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00283-00127415-00127727 Act, it's a tiny portion of the population with insurance, but it's where
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00284-00127727-00128101 the most activity, where the most controversy is. To reminder, this was
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00285-00128101-00128344 where you couldn't get insurance if you had a pre existing condition.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00286-00128351-00128617 This is where if you bought a policy and you got sick,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00287-00128617-00128858 you suddenly discovered it had these huge gaps. And the idea of the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00288-00128858-00129147 Affordable Care Act was to upgrade coverage, make it available to everyone,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00289-00129147-00129475 make it more comprehensive. Of course that made it more expensive,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00290-00129493-00129696 so then you had to subsidize it and you had to have a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00291-00129697-00130009 mandate to make sure healthy people bought in. It was not a crazy
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00292-00130010-00130404 theory. It worked in Massachusetts mostly pretty well, as well as these
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00293-00130405-00130706 things ever work, and the idea was to replicate that. And if
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00294-00130780-00131223 end of 2016, early 2017, you looked across the country, you found states
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00295-00131224-00131633 where you had that. Not coincidentally, it looked a little bit like a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00296-00131633-00132153 blue red political map. California, Rhode Island, tended to have fairly
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00297-00132153-00132555 well functioning markets. Michigan actually had a fairly well functioning
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00298-00132555-00132872 markets for reasons that had to do with the idiosyncrasies of the state.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00299-00132872-00133118 And that's one thing you find if you study states, there's a lot of factors
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00300-00133135-00133411 at play here. Michigan happens to have relatively cheap health insurance,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00301-00133411-00133770 which helps. But you had states like Tennessee or Iowa or Nebraska where
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00302-00133770-00134219 really things were already getting out of control, where if you didn't qualify
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00303-00134219-00134488 for those subsidies, the coverage was really expensive.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00304-00134585-00134970 And that was, again, I would call that a failure or a shortcoming
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00305-00134973-00135231 of the Affordable Care Act, a product both of the way it was
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00306-00135231-00135596 designed, policy decisions made by the Obama administration, also
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00307-00135732-00136026 decisions made by state Republican officials who were hostile to it,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00308-00136045-00136421 decisions to not fund something called the risk corridors which was supposed
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00309-00136421-00136777 to be to help insurance companies weather early losses. That was something
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00310-00136777-00137231 that was done for... Demanded by the Republican Congress. So that's where
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00311-00137231-00137683 we were, 2016 2017. The Trump administration comes in, the Republicans have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00312-00137684-00138117 Congress. Obviously they tried, they failed, to repeal the law. They have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00313-00138119-00138313 taken a series of steps to weaken it.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00314-00138376-00138426 They've cut
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00315-00138538-00139055 outreach money for enrollment, they cut off these cost sharing subsidies,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00316-00139169-00139492 the individual mandate is now about to come off the books.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00317-00139540-00139764 I always say I don't think any one of these was all that
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00318-00139764-00139829 devastating.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00319-00139959-00140185 I think with most of them you can find a small effect.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00320-00140186-00140408 For example, a lot of people looked at the numbers, they cut off
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00321-00140408-00140823 the funding just before the end of open enrollment for this past year,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00322-00140854-00141065 and a lot of people looked at the numbers and noticed that usually
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00323-00141065-00141482 there's a last minute surge and that last minute surge in enrollment didn't
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00324-00141482-00141820 happen. And at the margins, that probably contributed to these problems.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00325-00141998-00142288 When you add them all up though, I think what you do have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00326-00142288-00142415 is a situation where,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00327-00142658-00142988 in those states where officials are committed to making the program work,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00328-00142988-00143225 it's going to continue to work, they're going to take the steps to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00329-00143225-00143484 shore up their markets. Even in those states it's not perfect,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00330-00143486-00143796 even in those states they have problems. But where you have states where
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00331-00143796-00144213 officials are not committed and not now being aggressive to really implement
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00332-00144213-00144579 the law and really promote it to regulate the market in the way
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00333-00144579-00145075 the designers imagined. I think your gonna continue to see this problem
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00334-00145147-00145493 where for people who don't qualify for subsidies coverage is just gonna...
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00335-00145513-00145958 It's become frankly truly unaffordable not just this is more expensive than
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00336-00145958-00146286 I want but I just couldn't pay for this and that's a real
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00337-00146286-00146556 problem and I feel like that's where we are headed.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00338-00146710-00147167 Thank you. Dr. Ayanian. So thank you Professor Lantz and Dean Barr for
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00339-00147167-00147602 the opportunity to join the discussion today. As a physician on the panel
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00340-00147603-00147869 I have to say every week in our primary care clinic here at
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00341-00147869-00148211 the University of Michigan I'm seeing patients who are benefiting from the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00342-00148211-00148621 Affordable Care Act, either through new Medicaid coverage or qualifying
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00343-00148621-00148912 for a marketplace plan that they can now afford, and sort of all
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00344-00148915-00149276 the ways that Gail and Jonathan have described. And I think that's very
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00345-00149276-00149604 important. We can look at the overall numbers. Over 20 million people now
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00346-00149606-00150020 are covered that weren't covered back in 2010. That's a real advance,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00347-00150021-00150287 the biggest drop in the rate of un insurance in the last 50
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00348-00150288-00150640 years in the United States, after sort of steadily increasing rates of un
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00349-00150640-00150992 insurance. I think it's also important to point out the equity effects of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00350-00150992-00151392 the Affordable Care Act, which have really been concentrated among low income,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00351-00151395-00151612 non elderly adults, so primarily
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00352-00151747-00152089 those between 19 and 64. Earning less than 200% of the poverty level.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00353-00152090-00152360 For them, before the Affordable Care Act, the rates of un insurance were
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00354-00152362-00152778 up around 40%, and they've been cut in half. And also from a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00355-00152781-00153164 standpoint of racial and ethnic equity, as we think about Martin Luther
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00356-00153164-00153458 King, the anniversary of his death today in this week.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00357-00153524-00153966 We've seen for Hispanic Americans who had rates of un insurance over 40%,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00358-00153969-00154300 they've been cut in half. For African Americans who had un insured rates
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00359-00154317-00154731 of 20 25%, they've been cut in half. And for white and Asian
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00360-00154731-00155012 Americans, they've been cut in half as well, just starting with a lower
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00361-00155012-00155374 rate of un insurance. So that means many more people are accessing care.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00362-00155374-00155608 And we're seeing for example here in Michigan when we look at the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00363-00155608-00156099 Healthy Michigan plan where coverage has been expanded, people who've gone
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00364-00156099-00156392 without care for five, 10 years or longer, including dental care which is
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00365-00156392-00156685 an important benefit that we've seen here in Michigan with the expansion
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00366-00156685-00156968 of Medicaid, they're getting in for care, they're getting their chronic
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00367-00156969-00157366 conditions treated, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00368-00157401-00157808 conditions where we know people are gonna be in worse, they're gonna function
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00369-00157808-00158166 more poorly, be less able to work, if their chronic health conditions are
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00370-00158166-00158465 not cared for. So that's in my mind the greatest accomplishment of the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00371-00158465-00158804 Affordable Care Act. There's some other points that I would add to what
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00372-00158805-00159212 Gail and Jonathan have said. We've seen it's, particularly for safety net
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00373-00159213-00159570 hospitals and community health centers it's really stabilized their financial
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00374-00159571-00159911 status. They were providing... Many of these organizations were providing
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00375-00159912-00160329 high levels of uncompensated care what we call charity care. When we look
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00376-00160329-00160691 here in Michigan the rates of uncompensated care for Michigan hospitals
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00377-00160691-00160988 have gone down by about half from 2013 to 2015
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00378-00161065-00161503 as coverage was expanded and we've seen in areas like Detroit and flint
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00379-00161503-00161868 and other low income communities that hospitals are able to increase their
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00380-00161868-00162237 staffing they're able to provide more services and actually reach
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00381-00162322-00162605 out to the community to bring people in who are newly covered and
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00382-00162605-00162851 so I think that's an important benefit. The benefit's not just those who
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00383-00162851-00163347 gain coverage but it stabilizes those organizations for people who either
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00384-00163347-00163655 already had coverage through an employer or were covered by Medicare.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00385-00163777-00164100 Another important point it doesn't get a lot of attention with the Affordable
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00386-00164100-00164519 Care Act, although it hasn't really slowed the rate of cost growth overall
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00387-00164519-00164762 in the health systems as Gail pointed out, that was more a function
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00388-00164762-00165127 of the recession within the Medicare program where there was a lotta concern
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00389-00165131-00165467 about sort of whether we could sustain for a, particularly as the baby
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00390-00165467-00165910 boomers aged into the Medicare program. We've actually seen from 2009 when
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00391-00165910-00166293 the Medicare trust fund was scheduled to run out of funds in 2017
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00392-00166387-00166725 with the Affordable Care Act both from a combination of raising some taxes
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00393-00166725-00167072 on higher income Americans as well as taking some money out of the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00394-00167072-00167488 system some excess payments that Medicare HMO plans were getting where some
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00395-00167488-00167834 of the cost growth for hospitals and nursing homes. We've extended
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00396-00168006-00168206 the life of the Medicare trust fund by an additional 12 years after
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00397-00168213-00168657 2029 so that has real benefits for the whole population that relies on
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00398-00168657-00169106 Medicare either as we get older turn 65 or become disabled.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00399-00169207-00169457 Two other points I point out is strengths I think
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00400-00169524-00169848 it have benefited people with private insurance coverage is the elimination
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00401-00169848-00170185 of exclusions for pre existing conditions which was a big barrier for many
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00402-00170185-00170580 people to get affordable coverage and then the elimination of cost sharing
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00403-00170581-00170995 for effective preventive services so mammograms or colonoscopies or Pap
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00404-00170998-00171438 test when indicated for the right age group. People can now get those
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00405-00171439-00171798 through either private or public insurance without out of pocket expenses
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00406-00171798-00172052 that might have prohibited some people from affording them.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00407-00172156-00172385 So those are some of the big pros that I see with the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00408-00172395-00172637 expansion of the Affordable Care Act. Some of the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00409-00172743-00173215 issues that still remain unresolved it's not clearly slowed the overall
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00410-00173264-00173566 growth in cost within our system and particularly one where I think a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00411-00173566-00174068 lot of Americans feel the pressure rising costs for prescription drug cost.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00412-00174218-00174571 Although it was called the Affordable Care Act it didn't sort of do
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00413-00174571-00174960 a lot to really move the underlined trends in terms of cost growth
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00414-00174960-00175336 in the United States. Some of that's for innovations in new drugs and
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00415-00175336-00175781 devices things that we want to provide here in the United States and
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00416-00175781-00176058 because we fund much of that research and development, the rest of the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00417-00176058-00176367 world benefits as well. But I think we have to come up with
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00418-00176367-00176724 some better mechanism particularly for paying for new breakthrough drugs
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00419-00176726-00177129 that may benefit a small part of the population but really can sort
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00420-00177129-00177565 of grow out of control for private and public insurers. Another issue that
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00421-00177565-00177889 doesn't get a lot of attention is that while we've reduced the rate
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00422-00177889-00178195 of un insurance by about 20 million Americans, there's still large groups
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00423-00178195-00178550 strictly undocumented immigrants or people who lived in the Unites States
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00424-00178613-00178943 as illegal immigrants for five years or less don't benefit from the coverage
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00425-00178943-00179353 expansion of the Affordable Care Act, so that probably represents about
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00426-00179353-00179820 10 to 15 million people who remain uninsured under the current system.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00427-00179883-00180095 And then lastly I would say... We've seen
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00428-00180159-00180461 this law, the Affordable Care Act, I think of this law with nine
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00429-00180461-00180866 lives. It's survived a couple supreme court challenges, many attempts in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00430-00180866-00181369 Congress to repeal or replace it which failed by about the margin of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00431-00181373-00181621 John McCain's thumb on one of the most recent
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00432-00181703-00182147 attempts last summer. But we now have 18 states that have not expanded
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00433-00182147-00182631 Medicaid and it's really a state by state struggle. 32 states have opted
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00434-00182631-00183109 to expand Medicaid since 2014, but 18 states predominantly in the South
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00435-00183113-00183488 and some in the West have still not have made that choice to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00436-00183495-00183804 expand Medicaid. We're starting to see some states put this on their ballot
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00437-00183804-00183937 for public's
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00438-00184056-00184462 engagement. In Maine last November they approved Medicaid expansion through
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00439-00184462-00184799 a public referendum, three or four other states are considering putting
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00440-00184799-00185141 it on the ballot in 2018. And then we have states like Virginia
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00441-00185144-00185550 that have very closely divided legislatures where they may be on the verge
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00442-00185550-00185881 of expanding Medicaid. And so I think that's an important question going
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00443-00185881-00186180 forward. And another thing we saw last summer with the Congressional attempts
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00444-00186180-00186503 to repeal Medicaid and I know Gail has written about this that there
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00445-00186503-00186868 was a sort of an outpouring of support from governors across the country,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00446-00186868-00187199 particularly republican governors in states that expanded Medicaid. Saying
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00447-00187217-00187625 this program and the expansion has filled an important gap in our coverage
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00448-00187645-00187991 for things like the opioid epidemic where a lotta states were using the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00449-00187997-00188415 new Medicaid money to fund expanded treatment for people with opioid addiction.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00450-00188415-00188795 And so a number of republican governors worked closely with their
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00451-00188936-00189378 legislatures in Congress and in the senate to try and preserve the affordable
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00452-00189378-00189664 character at least the Medicaid expansion for that exact reason.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00453-00189822-00189861 Thank you.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00454-00190005-00190485 So you've all alluded a bit to concerns you have about what the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00455-00190491-00190783 state of affairs right now. But I wanna ask you all a bit
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00456-00190783-00190873 more explicitly
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00457-00191020-00191146 about what you think are
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00458-00191286-00191790 the biggest most pressing problems given the current state of affairs.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00459-00191793-00192183 There's really no one who thinks the way that the United States does
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00460-00192218-00192747 healthcare and healthcare policy and our current status quo is a very good
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00461-00192747-00193441 system, thinking about healthcare costs, again, coverage, access, disparities.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00462-00193513-00193827 So, again, what do you think are the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00463-00193892-00194320 biggest pressing problems for the people of this country and their health
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00464-00194324-00194385 and their healthcare?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00465-00194630-00194969 We're going to start with Jonathan on this one and then go to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00466-00194970-00195122 Gail and then John.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00467-00195326-00195751 I think the big problem in the background that drives all of this,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00468-00195752-00195999 that I think probably all of us would agree, is this...
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00469-00196039-00196460 Somehow we have to get the cost of care down. And that's a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00470-00196460-00196832 long term problem and a big project so I'm not gonna talk about
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00471-00196832-00196853 that.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00472-00197144-00197425 We can talk about in the Q&A. I do actually have a nightmare,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00473-00197464-00198011 it's called Nebraska. Anybody from Nebraska here? Have I offended anybody?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00474-00198076-00198183 There's probably someone watching from Nebraska.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00475-00198286-00198596 Lovely state, great people, I've spent a lotta time there this past year.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00476-00198672-00199083 But the Nebraska insurance market is my nightmare. Nebraska is one of those
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00477-00199084-00199477 states I was talking about before. For a combination of reasons,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00478-00199478-00199721 some of it having to do with the demographics, it's a rural state,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00479-00199747-00199904 some of it having to do with the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00480-00199967-00200324 policy decisions made by the people who run Nebraska, some of it having
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00481-00200326-00200584 to do with the way policy decision is made in Washington
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00482-00200649-00200976 both during the Obama administration and Trump administration, and the design
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00483-00200977-00201349 of the Affordable Care Act. It is one of those states where the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00484-00201379-00201805 market for the non group market has basically split into two.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00485-00201877-00202166 If you talk to people there, I remember I've spoken to people there.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00486-00202224-00202588 If you are subsidized, you don't have a lot of choice in insurance.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00487-00202588-00202854 There's only really one provider in most places, but they do offer a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00488-00202854-00203245 couple of... Dirt cheap, dirt cheap coverage, particularly after the CSRs
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00489-00203245-00203658 which kinda backfired in a weird way. You can get really cheap coverage,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00490-00203659-00204099 really good insurance, and you're golden. If you are above that subsidy
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00491-00204099-00204294 line, so if you are above four times the poverty line,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00492-00204294-00204591 which for a family of four these days is about $100,000 a year,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00493-00204720-00205117 you're really in trouble. I was gonna say something else but this is
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00494-00205117-00205236 a lecture, I won't use that word.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00495-00205437-00205808 The cost is just prohibitive. And what is happening now is that you
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00496-00205808-00206003 think, "Well, what are people gonna do?" They're not gonna buy that insurance
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00497-00206129-00206551 unless they can really scrape together the dollars and they have a very
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00498-00206551-00206744 serious chronic disease, which of course makes the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00499-00206841-00207267 overall risk pool worse. Everybody else is fleeing. And what most of them
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00500-00207267-00207484 are doing, and this has been going on for a while,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00501-00207501-00207886 is they're going into alternate plans that are out there and still legal
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00502-00207886-00208110 and kind of work though the loopholes of the law. There's two in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00503-00208110-00208530 particular, one are the short term insurance plans which were originally
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00504-00208530-00208884 created as this niche product to get you between jobs or whatever.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00505-00208901-00209115 They were originally good for three months or couple months,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00506-00209221-00209631 the others are what are called Christian Sharing Ministries which are run
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00507-00209631-00209801 by religious organizations
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00508-00210048-00210202 and have a long history of going back to groups of small groups
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00509-00210202-00210477 of people of like faith getting together to kind of share their medical
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00510-00210477-00210948 expenses. What these have in common is they look almost exactly like the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00511-00210948-00211306 plans that were sold before the Affordable Care Act came,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00512-00211367-00211431 became law.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00513-00211535-00211808 You can't get them with preexisting conditions or they won't cover your
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00514-00211808-00212206 preexisting conditions. They will have limits on benefits, they'll have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00515-00212207-00212483 big gaps, they might not cover full prescriptions, they certainly won't
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00516-00212483-00212842 cover maternity. They frequently don't cover mental health.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00517-00212896-00212994 They are cheap.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00518-00213104-00213431 They are very cheap because they don't have to cover the sick people
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00519-00213432-00213730 and they don't have to cover all these bills. So if you're healthy
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00520-00213746-00213956 and you manage to stay healthy they're
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00521-00214066-00214308 a pretty good deal. The problem is what if you're
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00522-00214383-00214591 healthy and you buy one of these and suddenly
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00523-00214730-00214942 you get sick. Then what happens? So this is not a hypothetical,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00524-00214942-00215237 I actually met a couple, I wrote a story about them who had enrolled
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00525-00215237-00215296 in one of these shying
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00526-00215566-00215775 ministries. They read all the literature, they were conscientious consumers
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00527-00215775-00216102 but the stuff is confusing. Didn't realize that if they got sick there
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00528-00216102-00216348 would be a look back to see if they had a pre existing
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00529-00216348-00216705 condition, they end up in this big dispute where the insurance company found
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00530-00216705-00217125 something from three years earlier and said, "Oh wait, this cancer you have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00531-00217130-00217342 was actually you had it the whole time and we're not gonna pay
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00532-00217342-00217467 the bill." And they had to go through the whole thing.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00533-00217467-00217656 Now they did in the end get the bill paid,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00534-00217759-00218113 but that kinda thing used to happen all the time. The Affordable Care
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00535-00218113-00218461 Act was supposed to wipe that out, but it's happening again and we're
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00536-00218461-00218923 seeing this world come back the sort of substandard market, and is going
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00537-00218923-00219635 to grow for two reasons. One is that states are discovering this and
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00538-00219635-00220139 starting to make it easier. Nebraska's neighbor Iowa just passed a law under
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00539-00220165-00220219 which
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00540-00220384-00220696 the Farm Bureau's going to be able to offer insurance plans that are
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00541-00220696-00221110 not insurance plans. So they're not calling it insurance, it's just a health
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00542-00221111-00221446 benefit plan and because of that is not subject to the Affordable Care
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00543-00221446-00221776 Acts insurance regulations and the insurance department can't regulate it.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00544-00221800-00222198 But it covers your medical expenses, except it doesn't if you have a pre
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00545-00222215-00222341 existing condition and whatever.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00546-00222455-00222710 And then secondly, and this is where I think the mandate becomes an
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00547-00222710-00223091 issue, which is that these plans had been out there for a while,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00548-00223094-00223462 kind of what was sort of holding back the dam on them was
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00549-00223463-00223826 the mandate, 'cause you pay a mandate penalty, at least for the short
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00550-00223826-00224104 term plans, the ministry plans were always exempt from the mandate.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00551-00224148-00224360 Now without the mandate, there's more incentive to go into them.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00552-00224381-00224771 To be clear, Nebraska has a big problem, coverage was already unaffordable
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00553-00224771-00225138 for a lot of people, but this is moving in a direction to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00554-00225138-00225478 make that problem worse and basically to recreate a market that,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00555-00225502-00225792 at least for the unsubsidized, it looks like it did before the ACA.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00556-00225829-00226113 And I think that's where we're headed in those states. Okay,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00557-00226121-00226150 thank
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00558-00226353-00226406 you. Right
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00559-00226515-00226988 assessment of where we are, wrong assessment of what's driving it.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00560-00227032-00227240 And let me explain why I think that.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00561-00227433-00227871 Jonathan talked about subsidies up to four times the poverty line,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00562-00228004-00228369 technically that's true. In fact, it's absolutely not true. If you look
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00563-00228369-00228792 at who's been in the insurance exchanges since 2014,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00564-00228942-00229425 it has been 85% people who are below
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00565-00229519-00229944 225 250% of the poverty line. The reason you've got all of these
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00566-00229944-00230473 offerings coming out is that you've had people who were above this,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00567-00230481-00231187 including 275 300% of the poverty line, 350, who were being expected to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00568-00231187-00231814 have the full, broad coverage that the Affordable Care Act required,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00569-00231898-00232335 except they were getting almost no subsidy. Well, of course they weren't
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00570-00232336-00232946 doing that. The people who have been getting the heavily subsidized plans
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00571-00232989-00233523 are gonna continue in there. The problem has been this was an inherently
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00572-00233562-00234123 unstable dynamic that was put in place because of the way the subsidies
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00573-00234123-00234681 run, and the requirements of the plans. Most of the people who are
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00574-00234681-00235251 fleeing to get either the short term plans, or the options available in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00575-00235251-00235646 the farm plan or its equivalent, are people who were not on
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00576-00235716-00236283 the Affordable Care Act exchange. Those people were and continue to get
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00577-00236284-00236716 heavily subsidized. Now that doesn't mean there isn't a real problem that's
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00578-00236733-00237087 out there about what are we gonna do for people who don't have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00579-00237121-00237330 employer sponsored insurance
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00580-00237458-00238029 and that has its own issues, who don't get major subsidies,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00581-00238057-00238471 and oh by the way we have some real problems that are brewing
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00582-00238496-00238725 because if you're a low middle income person,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00583-00238844-00239312 twice the poverty line a little higher, the amount of subsidy you get
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00584-00239315-00239779 when you go buy your insurance in the exchange is way more
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00585-00239880-00240271 then the subsidy you get when you have employer sponsored insurance.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00586-00240292-00240573 And that is fundamentally unfair
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00587-00240719-00241157 and likely to lead to its own instability. As economists like to talk
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00588-00241158-00241681 about horizontal equity that is people who are at roughly the same income
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00589-00241730-00242238 are to be treated roughly the same by the government. But they're not
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00590-00242244-00242873 in this case, if you're just it to twice the poverty line 225%,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00591-00242898-00242936 250%
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00592-00243060-00243492 the fact that you don't have to count your employer contributions as income
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00593-00243492-00243983 tax means basically nothing to you because you're not paying income tax
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00594-00243983-00244379 at that level or a very little amount. You do get some savings
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00595-00244379-00244894 and not having to pay Social Security and you get some averaging that
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00596-00244894-00245403 occurs because the employer is offering the same health care plan but it's
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00597-00245403-00246127 nothing like the subsidy that people who are at 150 and 200%
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00598-00246127-00246375 of the poverty line are getting. We've got to make some decisions about
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00599-00246437-00246859 what are we willing to subsidize, what kind of plans do we wanna have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00600-00246859-00247417 offered to people, and this instability that was going on that Jonathan
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00601-00247417-00248096 describes has basically been inherent in the Affordable Care Act since it
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00602-00248156-00248641 was started, it is only playing out more dramatically. Now
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00603-00248694-00249203 personally this notion that we were ever gonna repeal the coverage expansion
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00604-00249242-00249629 was ridiculous. It had already been in place
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00605-00249712-00250062 for three and a half full years by the time this came up.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00606-00250079-00250348 There's absolutely no precedent in our history ever
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00607-00250410-00251052 of having an entitlement and expansion of benefits in place for any sizable
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00608-00251053-00251378 population for 3 and a half years and putting it away.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00609-00251412-00251750 And while we talk about and I don't want it in any way
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00610-00251750-00252258 take away from the brave public stand that John McCain took.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00611-00252351-00252785 I think there were several Republican senators. If there hadn't been three,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00612-00252819-00253273 the magic number needed to report Torpedo, the Legislation and the Senate
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00613-00253294-00253787 who would've done so in large part because you had so many Republican
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00614-00253825-00254173 governors who were so substantially in favor of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00615-00254230-00254523 the expansion and what it meant in the Medicaid Program.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00616-00254610-00254983 The question we really have to deal with is what can we do
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00617-00255009-00255669 to try to stabilize these markets that will not be inherently unfair to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00618-00255669-00255950 the people right above them, right on the side of them.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00619-00256008-00256251 And its gonna get to some of the discussion that we have with
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00620-00256251-00256741 regard to the Medicaid expansion. To me again, one of the questions is
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00621-00256742-00257371 how can we make that transition between Medicaid and other kinds of insurance
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00622-00257373-00257829 be more seamless, where we don't disrupt the delivery systems the way we
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00623-00257829-00258225 do now. And what are we gonna try to do in terms of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00624-00258225-00258744 a trade off. It is not gonna be have the same extremely expensive
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00625-00258773-00259198 benefit package that the Affordable Care Act is all the way up to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00626-00259198-00259569 four or 500% of the poverty line. I just don't... I think that
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00627-00259616-00259831 the money is just gonna cost too much.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00628-00259919-00260198 That doesn't mean we have to go back to the very narrow plans
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00629-00260198-00260598 that we are seeing crop up in response to people who are
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00630-00260676-00261027 unsubsidized, who are being said, "This is the only thing you can get
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00631-00261060-00261471 under current rules." We shouldn't have been surprised. They were the very
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00632-00261471-00262098 people who you heard on television. In 2014 and in the fall of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00633-00262098-00262145 2013,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00634-00262251-00262815 when they got notice, people especially in their 50s, childless couple or
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00635-00262815-00263362 couple whose children had grown up and gone away that were not going
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00636-00263362-00263499 to be receiving a big subsidy
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00637-00263601-00264152 'cause they had $40,000 of income, hardly a wealth of money were gonna
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00638-00264152-00264720 be expected to buy a very broad based benefit plan including many benefits
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00639-00264750-00265218 they would never use, except they weren't gonna get any help paying for
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00640-00265218-00265740 that. It is really what we're seeing playing itself out in a different
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00641-00265740-00266078 way. Same issues. We have to come back and fix them.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00642-00266372-00266861 Jonathan and Gail have, I think, covered the instability of the marketplaces
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00643-00266862-00267269 very effectively. I'll touch on a different issue so we can move forward
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00644-00267269-00267484 and get to the audiences questions as well, but
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00645-00267539-00267874 briefly, to recognize that the Affordable Care Act was health insurance
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00646-00267874-00268293 reform. It was not healthcare reform. And if there's sort of an unresolved
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00647-00268296-00268731 issue in the US system of healthcare, it's how do we get greater
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00648-00268731-00269225 value out of our healthcare system? And the Affordable Care Act took some
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00649-00269229-00269607 initial, small steps. It created a center for innovation within the Centers
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00650-00269607-00269768 for Medicare Services, what's known as
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00651-00269886-00270239 CMMI, that's testing out some new demonstrations of how we might try to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00652-00270239-00270657 integrate care more effectively. We've started and always had a very fragmented
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00653-00270658-00271024 healthcare system and that's a big part of what drives the rising healthcare
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00654-00271025-00271311 costs that put us so far apart from the rest of the world
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00655-00271312-00271681 in terms of what we spend. And we have... It's not just cost
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00656-00271681-00271796 growth, but we have value
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00657-00271904-00272198 stagnation. We're not getting the value for the dollars we spend on healthcare.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00658-00272199-00272510 I think, if our costs were growing at a modest pace and value
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00659-00272510-00272843 was growing even faster, we would potentially accept that as a good use
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00660-00272843-00273252 of economic resources. But oftentimes we see the cost growing and our life
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00661-00273252-00273728 expectancy in the US has stagnated the last several years. Infant mortality
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00662-00273728-00273998 is still much higher than it should be and we have large burden
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00663-00273998-00274317 of chronic disease that we're not really tackling. So I think one of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00664-00274317-00274708 the important issues is how we think about integrating healthcare and social
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00665-00274708-00275024 services to address social determinants of health. I think that's something
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00666-00275024-00275279 that the rest of the world does more effectively than we do here
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00667-00275279-00275757 in the United States. Oftentimes, in the developed countries, the OECD countries,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00668-00275757-00276037 if you look at the combination of healthcare spending and social service
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00669-00276038-00276407 spending, it's a lot closer in the United States to other countries.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00670-00276407-00276805 It's just we spend a disproportionate share of our resources on medical
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00671-00276805-00277279 services and less on social services, affordable housing and transportation
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00672-00277301-00277737 and home care services. I think that's one of the big unresolved challenges
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00673-00277737-00278072 that I would highlight, is sort of where, as a country,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00674-00278072-00278358 we still have to go beyond the Affordable Care Act. Great.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00675-00278393-00278914 Thank you. I'm gonna ask the panelists one more question and then we'll
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00676-00278931-00279152 turn it over to all of you fine people.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00677-00279287-00279671 So those of you in the room who consider yourselves policy people,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00678-00279688-00280056 you know that we often try to imagine ourselves with the magic wand.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00679-00280101-00280449 So if you could wave your magic policy wand, my friends,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00680-00280539-00280758 what would be the one
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00681-00280967-00281326 policy change you would like to magically make in regard... And we'll come
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00682-00281326-00281648 back to... Let's talk about health insurance reform right now in the US.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00683-00281648-00282101 If you could wave that magic wand and today make one policy change
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00684-00282148-00282296 in health insurance
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00685-00282512-00282746 in the United States, what would you do? And we'll
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00686-00282818-00283172 do John, Jonathan, and then Gail. My magic wand would be very simple.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00687-00283173-00283587 Expand Medicaid in the 18 States that have not yet expanded it.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00688-00283593-00283928 And that would help millions of people, low income people with chronic illness
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00689-00283928-00284259 who would benefit from the coverage, like we've seen here in Michigan and
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00690-00284282-00284421 31 other States.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00691-00284674-00284987 That was easy. Alright. 'Cause it's magic.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00692-00285258-00285574 So how powerful is my magic wand? It's really, really powerful.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00693-00285877-00286053 Can I go back and change the outcome of the basketball game?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00694-00286060-00286075 No?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00695-00286356-00286359 That
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00696-00286530-00286805 would improve the mental health of Michiganders. It really would. It really
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00697-00286805-00286828 would.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00698-00286941-00287359 If it was an all powerful magic wand, I'd go back to 1932
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00699-00287359-00287640 and start a national health insurance system then we have something to look
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00700-00287640-00287888 back one of these well functioning, European... I didn't say you had time
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00701-00287896-00288070 travel powers, but okay.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00702-00288269-00288414 Lacking that power,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00703-00288533-00288895 and since John already talked about the Medicaid expansion, I would
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00704-00289012-00289489 boost the subsidizes, plain and simple. I think what Gail's describing it,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00705-00289489-00289745 I think we were both describing the same dynamic. Where basically,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00706-00289787-00290256 if you're either unsubsidized or not subsidized well, and that was an important
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00707-00290256-00290570 distinction I should've made. If you're basically above 250% of the poverty
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00708-00290570-00290878 line, particularly though if you're above 400% of the poverty line,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00709-00290896-00291375 you're not getting much assistance. That is a root cause of the instability,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00710-00291497-00291912 both baked into the cake, made worse by various decisions along the way,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00711-00291912-00292221 I would argue. You can deal with that in two different ways.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00712-00292221-00292446 You can make the insurance package less generous,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00713-00292541-00292800 so that it's cheaper that way, or you can say, "That's actually what
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00714-00292800-00293064 we wanna provide people, so we need to give them more money."
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00715-00293117-00293380 There's a trade off here, it's... And my magic wand is not gonna
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00716-00293380-00293545 make the trade offs away. It's more money,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00717-00293650-00294203 but you make the subsidizes bigger, more generous, and you try to make
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00718-00294203-00294484 it a better deal for those people who don't find it to be
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00719-00294484-00294790 a good deal. So, that would be my three magic wands.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00720-00295025-00295593 You have to, again, use, economist term, focus on both horizontal and vertical
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00721-00295593-00296081 equity. That means you've gotta be mindful about how you treat people at
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00722-00296082-00296191 the same income level.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00723-00296295-00296768 The issue that I talked about for low middle income people,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00724-00296846-00297371 who are treated dramatically different by the government,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00725-00297430-00297609 depending on whether they
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00726-00297841-00297973 get a subsidy from the exchange
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00727-00298138-00298618 or their employer sponsored insurance. And you have to be more mindful about
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00728-00298631-00298885 what happens as you go up the income scale,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00729-00298967-00299597 so that you don't find people who are treated dramatically differently in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00730-00299603-00300300 unintended ways, depending on either how they access insurance
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00731-00300408-00300829 or where they're living. And that we need to take... This has been
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00732-00300847-00301489 a long term issue in the US for people who are not poor
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00733-00301506-00302059 low income, who don't have employer sponsored insurance. With the incredible
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00734-00302062-00302671 inefficiency of having this tax exclusion, should cost the government $250
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00735-00302692-00303077 270 Billion a year, and could be spent
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00736-00303140-00303550 in a much more rational way. So trying to sort out
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00737-00303603-00304165 both having the slow down on the tax subsidy as people have higher
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00738-00304165-00304646 incomes, having it be available for middle income people who are
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00739-00304813-00305178 working but not getting employer sponsored insurance,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00740-00305317-00305793 and therefore have to use after tax income. And having the rational transition
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00741-00305848-00306522 between fully funded Medicaid and what happens when you cross whatever line.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00742-00306522-00306764 So, being much more mindful
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00743-00306940-00307629 both of the movement up the income scale and treating people more comparably
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00744-00307630-00308198 who are at a similar income level, but who are either getting employer
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00745-00308199-00308637 sponsored or not insurance. It would take care
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00746-00308690-00308765 a lot of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00747-00308911-00309291 the non healthcare delivery issue challenges. Doesn't mean it'd be easy,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00748-00309377-00309647 but I very much agree that the real problem
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00749-00309709-00310138 was that we look to the Affordable Care Act as being healthcare reform.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00750-00310139-00310650 It never was. It was insurance market reform for the individual market,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00751-00310691-00311403 and an expansion of coverage by subsidizing some poor and low income individuals.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00752-00311428-00311816 Important, not trivial, but actually not the hard problem.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00753-00312100-00312382 Thank you. Alright. So now, we're turning to all of you.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00754-00312386-00312772 Seen a lot of the questions come down already on note cards.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00755-00312789-00313174 And again, for those who are with us online, you can tweet in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00756-00313174-00313515 your questions using the hashtag #PolicyTalks.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00757-00313616-00314012 We have two terrific Ford School students who are going to be asking
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00758-00314022-00314134 the audience questions,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00759-00314287-00314575 and they're going to be assisted by my friend and colleague,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00760-00314677-00315066 Professor Rick Hall, here at the Ford School. Our students are Jeff Gam,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00761-00315066-00315384 who is graduating in a few weeks, yay! With his BA...
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00762-00315384-00315403 His
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00763-00315599-00316020 BA in Public Policy and a minor in Business. And Jeff's moving to Madison
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00764-00316053-00316400 in a few weeks to work for Epic, work on healthcare
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00765-00316480-00317014 information technology. And we also have with us today Dr. Jenn Villavicencio,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00766-00317015-00317448 who is a Master Public Policy student with us here at the Ford
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00767-00317448-00317737 School. She's also a practicing Obstetrician gynecologist,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00768-00317844-00318253 in her spare time. And we're delighted to have both of you here
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00769-00318253-00318447 today to help us with the Q&A portion.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00770-00318542-00318587 Thank you.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00771-00319323-00319667 Can y'all hear me? Great. Thank you for having us. I'm Jenn,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00772-00319795-00319893 different than Jeff here.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00773-00320008-00320217 Thank you for all of your questions from the audience as well as from
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00774-00320234-00320501 Twitter. We've gotten some really great ones and we've had to make some
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00775-00320502-00320955 hard choices. Our first one for the panelists are going to be about Medicaid
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00776-00320972-00321373 work requirements. The question reads, "CMS, or the Center for
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00777-00321459-00321550 Medicare and Medicaid,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00778-00321667-00322069 has issued guidance for Section 1115, waiver proposals to implement work
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00779-00322069-00322598 requirements and community engagement requirements. CMS has approved work
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00780-00322598-00322907 requirement waiver in Kentucky, and many other states
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00781-00322989-00323343 have put in their requests for that. What are your opinions about work
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00782-00323343-00323801 requirements for Medicaid beneficiaries, both traditional and expanded Medicaid?"
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00783-00324004-00324424 I can start us off, we're actually gonna be debating, in the coming
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00784-00324424-00324778 weeks and months, a potential Medicaid work requirement here in Michigan.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00785-00324778-00325021 There are a couple of bills in the state legislature now that are
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00786-00325021-00325519 under consideration. As the question mentioned, we've seen
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00787-00325604-00326082 work requirements approved in three states: Kentucky, Indiana, and Arkansas.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00788-00326135-00326457 And I think, here's an example, and it's, if we turn the clock
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00789-00326457-00326783 back to 2013 when Michigan was deciding whether to expand,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00790-00326834-00327219 we had a Republican state senate, Republican house, and Republican governor,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00791-00327219-00327611 and made decisions in the legislature though bipartisan negotiation and
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00792-00327611-00328063 agreement to expand Medicaid with certain stipulations that required approval
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00793-00328063-00328534 from the federal government, cost sharing and financial incentives for healthy
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00794-00328534-00329037 behaviors, among others. And this is another example where I think work
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00795-00329037-00329444 requirements, at least on a trial basis, I think could be something that
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00796-00329469-00330002 is worth considering in Medicaid programs. I think if we do institute them,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00797-00330007-00330314 we should start with the expansion population, the traditional Medicaid
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00798-00330314-00330757 population that existed before the Affordable Care Act, typically covered
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00799-00330822-00331381 low income elderly, disabled, children, pregnant women, groups where the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00800-00331381-00331794 likelihood that they're not working but easily could work is gonna be relatively
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00801-00331794-00332164 low, whereas, we have actually data now from our evaluation of the Healthy
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00802-00332164-00332503 Michigan Plan here in Michigan that among the expansion population about
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00803-00332504-00332902 half of the adults in that program are working, about a quarter of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00804-00332902-00333343 them probably can't work because they're either in school, or they're caregiving
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00805-00333345-00333773 for a disabled household member, or they have a serious
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00806-00333834-00334077 health condition, so it prevents them form working.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00807-00334178-00334456 So, all the discussion on work requirements may be sort of a lot
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00808-00334456-00334780 of political angst for a relatively small part of the population.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00809-00334802-00335129 As we see Michigan, maybe only about a quarter of Medicaid enrollees. We'd
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00810-00335188-00335271 even be potentially
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00811-00335418-00335792 subject to the Medicaid work requirements depending on how the exemptions
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00812-00335804-00336136 are arranged. So I think if that was something that we need
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00813-00336210-00336465 to sort of consider in order to keep this coverage that we have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00814-00336466-00336732 for millions of Americans nationally and about 650,000 in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00815-00336820-00337146 Michigan, it really will come down to how do you implement it.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00816-00337148-00337425 Because what we don't want is people to lose their coverage because they're
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00817-00337425-00337770 not working; and in fact, they're not working because they have diabetes,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00818-00337780-00338074 or they've had a prior stroke, or they have chronic lung disease.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00819-00338108-00338402 And you take away their coverage, and now, they're even worse off,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00820-00338454-00338826 and they rely on emergency departments at that point, lose their access
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00821-00338826-00339107 to primary care. So I think that will really be the question:
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00822-00339108-00339612 Do we have sufficient exemptions for in hardship considerations for people
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00823-00339612-00339875 with severe functional limitations or chronic health conditions?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00824-00339945-00340302 Do we provide job training and job coaching to get people connected to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00825-00340302-00340581 work if we're expecting those, a condition of their Medicaid coverage?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00826-00340666-00340925 And do we evaluate how this plays out? 'Cause I think one of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00827-00340925-00341268 the big concerns is it could be very large administrative cost to track
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00828-00341268-00341465 all the people who are subject to work requirements,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00829-00341600-00342040 for relatively modest financial savings for the state, if people are moving
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00830-00342065-00342457 out of Medicaid and into jobs that offer health insurance. I don't think
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00831-00342457-00342851 it will have much effect, but I think it's a very important provision
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00832-00342882-00343204 that may bring in some of the 18 states that have thus far
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00833-00343239-00343596 not been willing to participate in the expansion.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00834-00343647-00343882 The reason I don't think it will have very much effect
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00835-00343975-00344646 is because, as John has indicated, many of the traditional Medicaid populations,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00836-00344679-00345043 they are not people who are likely to be able to work.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00837-00345076-00345521 They're dependent, they're old, they're disabled, they're pregnant women.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00838-00345590-00346168 It's more in the expansion population. And the numbers he quoted are the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00839-00346168-00346622 ones that I've heard guessed at in general, which is about half the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00840-00346622-00347094 population works, and of the population that doesn't work, some number,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00841-00347095-00347597 maybe half, could potentially work, and some number is not likely to.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00842-00347631-00347756 If you look at the actual
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00843-00347890-00348478 Medicaid waiver requests, they are not just work effort. They are either
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00844-00348516-00349218 being employed, looking for work, doing community service, having job training,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00845-00349318-00350022 or some other activity of that sort. That is not a particularly unreasonable
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00846-00350022-00350444 set of requirements to have on the books
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00847-00350515-00351288 for people who are not disabled, pregnant, unable to work for various reasons.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00848-00351340-00351889 You would not like to ever invoke taking away someone's Medicaid coverage.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00849-00351922-00352259 You would like to use this as a big stick to get them
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00850-00352262-00352545 to act somewhat differently than they may be.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00851-00352602-00352828 My view, however, is much more practical.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00852-00352951-00353545 There are several states that have thus far not expanded their population,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00853-00353580-00354047 that have indicated, as a result of CMS being willing to consider this,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00854-00354075-00354418 they will now reconsider. Virginia got within one vote
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00855-00354519-00354947 of the Medicaid expansion. Kansas has talked about
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00856-00354998-00355912 re asserting their ability to expand. For me, there is sometimes a fundamental
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00857-00355913-00356781 failure to understand that in some states, the notion of not expecting people
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00858-00356781-00357344 to either be working, or in training to be working, or have some
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00859-00357346-00357854 other clear reason that exempts them from an expectation of work is not
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00860-00357855-00358457 tolerable with regard to an expanded public program. So I have encouraged
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00861-00358509-00359052 some of my friends who are very much against this provision to take
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00862-00359052-00359536 a deep breath and recognize this may be the one way to get
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00863-00359539-00360235 18 states who didn't respond to a 100% Federal money into the fold.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00864-00360267-00360910 And if that's the case, it's okay because there are a multitude of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00865-00360916-00361413 outs as to why the negatives might not occur. As I've said,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00866-00361413-00361804 I would hate to see, both at a practical level and a medical
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00867-00361804-00362480 level, it ever get invoked, because the rules require that hospitals have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00868-00362480-00362999 to take care of medically unstable individuals. So nobody's gonna be better
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00869-00362999-00363526 off by actually yanking the Medicaid coverage, since you can't keep,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00870-00363529-00363995 you don't wanna keep, people out of the emergency rooms. But that would
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00871-00363995-00364398 just be terrible for them and terrible for us as the payers if
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00872-00364398-00364945 that happened. It's really a club to try to convince the people of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00873-00364946-00365637 your state that those receiving this expensive service are doing their share.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00874-00365692-00366052 Some states, that's not been necessary; other states, apparently, it's a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00875-00366052-00366148 much bigger deal.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00876-00366361-00366750 And so, I'll just... Just to echo what something Gail was saying,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00877-00366750-00367081 which is one of the interesting things about this, I think she's absolutely
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00878-00367081-00367351 right. This may be the ticket to get a bunch of states that
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00879-00367351-00367700 would not think about Medicaid expansion into Medicaid expansion. And if
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00880-00367700-00367852 you're thinking in practical terms, that's
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00881-00367955-00368231 a big deal. You get old enough, you start thinking in those terms.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00882-00368328-00368566 You're talking about states the size of... If you could imagine...
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00883-00368606-00368818 Look at the states that are out of the Medicaid expansion.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00884-00368819-00369260 You're talking Texas, Georgia, Florida. We're talking in the millions here,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00885-00369260-00369686 so that's a big deal. I also think what she
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00886-00369779-00369849 said about the... The
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00887-00369966-00370547 sorta moral argument here is something that I think people in rooms like
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00888-00370547-00370953 this sometimes don't appreciate, that is that the policy arguments against
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00889-00370953-00371328 this work requirement, there's a long list of them. It doesn't work well,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00890-00371328-00371598 it's not a lot of people, doesn't encourage people to get work,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00891-00371598-00371816 they're expensive to administer.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00892-00372022-00372148 But you talk to people and there are a lot of people who
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00893-00372148-00372460 are angry like, "Why is someone getting free medical care and I'm not?"
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00894-00372560-00372807 And that work requirement means a lot to them. So that's
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00895-00372858-00373160 there, whether you like it or not. The flipside is that,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00896-00373405-00373472 number one,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00897-00373628-00373934 in reality, what is going to happen, and I think what worries a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00898-00373934-00374355 lot of the progressive advocates, is in this world of low income work,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00899-00374437-00374896 it's not even the work requirement; it's the paperwork requirement to satisfy
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00900-00374896-00375141 the work requirement. It's the number of times you have to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00901-00375195-00375503 show that you're doing these things. These are complicated. And again,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00902-00375505-00375822 in this world, you're dealing with a lot of people who have...
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00903-00375871-00376157 Maybe they have mental health issues, they have disability issues that are
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00904-00376157-00376588 not qualifying them for disability payments but make it hard for them,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00905-00376589-00376919 they have transportation issues. It's going to be hard. And
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00906-00376999-00377315 everybody knows that when you impose these kind of requirements, one thing
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00907-00377315-00377691 that happens is that you pare the roles down just by sort of introducing
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00908-00377717-00378039 that hassle. And some of these people, a lot of these people,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00909-00378039-00378203 are the ones who you really don't want to go without health insurance
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00910-00378203-00378421 'cause they're really the ones who, if you can get them in for
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00911-00378421-00378633 the preventative care, and you can get them into the mental health,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00912-00378677-00379011 really stand to benefit from it. So that is a sort of moral
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00913-00379011-00379339 argument or practical argument, whatever you wanna call it, on the other
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00914-00379339-00379605 side. And so, this is a complicated question,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00915-00379715-00380067 if you're strategizing or whatever, but there's a lot going on here.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00916-00380367-00380670 Awesome. So my name is Jeff, again, nice to meet you all.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00917-00380700-00380901 I'm a senior here at the Ford School. And actually, in the next
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00918-00380902-00381115 few years, I plan on joining the University of Michigan School of Public
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00919-00381115-00381408 Health, Healthcare Management and Policy program, so I hope to see you in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00920-00381409-00381483 a classroom one day.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00921-00381661-00381835 So Gail, you mentioned in your discussion
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00922-00381946-00382318 that there's never been a precedent for repealing an expansion of general
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00923-00382318-00382370 social
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00924-00382487-00382845 policy. And my immediate reaction, the reaction to some of the notes from
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00925-00382845-00383077 our audience, was that we weren't so certain 'cause it seemed like a new
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00926-00383094-00383504 precedent was very close in coming. And so, the question that we have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00927-00383504-00383856 from the audience here is, is this reversal in the historic trend towards
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00928-00383856-00384192 expansion, is this a blip or is this something that we're going to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00929-00384192-00384538 see more long term in terms of rising un insurance again?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00930-00384538-00384920 And do we see populations or groups, more of them being covered in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00931-00384920-00385256 the next 10 to 20 years, or do we expect the potential increase
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00932-00385256-00385393 in un insurance to increase instead?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00933-00385570-00386075 Again, and as taking a longer view, there has never been
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00934-00386143-00386602 a takeaway of a benefit, and I don't think you will see it
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00935-00386624-00386944 here. My view had been, if 2014
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00936-00387061-00387570 came and went, that was when the Medicaid expansion and the subsidies took
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00937-00387570-00388021 effect, it was going to be there more or less forever.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00938-00388022-00388550 Although, changing something about the distribution or the shape, which
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00939-00388586-00388847 may well happen in Medicare... That, by the way,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00940-00388928-00389101 the looming crisis
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00941-00389210-00389709 is not the individual insurance market. It is a problem, it's unstable,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00942-00389792-00390206 it's not gonna be easy to fix. The looming crisis is the doubling
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00943-00390206-00390758 of the population on Medicare for a program that is not currently set
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00944-00390758-00391266 up to fund all of the promises with regard to healthcare that have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00945-00391266-00391630 been made. And you ought to be most worried on it because
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00946-00391749-00392147 it is not the people who are close to retirement, it's not the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00947-00392148-00392627 people who are over the retirement age. It's the people who are coming
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00948-00392627-00393042 along the line, and that is gonna be very serious issue.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00949-00393079-00393272 I don't see us going back
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00950-00393375-00393901 and having large numbers of poor people without insurance coverage.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00951-00394034-00394627 There is debates about, should Medicaid stop at 100% or 135%?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00952-00394659-00395014 I'd actually like to let more people buy in to Medicaid with their
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00953-00395014-00395283 subsidy dollars. It's a very narrow
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00954-00395421-00396028 network, but it's a broad package, and it has gotten the job done
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00955-00396053-00396369 because both the clinicians providing services and the people who are on
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00956-00396369-00396880 it have different expectations than the people who have been typically in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00957-00396880-00397311 either individual or employer sponsored insurance. And it has worked in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00958-00397311-00397665 a much more stable way. I don't see us going back,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00959-00397704-00398306 but we haven't resolved this issue about what it is we wanna stabilize,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00960-00398365-00399068 what our vision is that people who are primarily being subsidized should
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00961-00399068-00399488 get at whose expense. You don't hear the kind of angst,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00962-00399488-00399980 or not very often, about people who are on Medicaid
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00963-00400037-00400835 who are getting a fully funded package of benefits but take narrow networks
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00964-00400847-00400988 to new definitions.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00965-00401106-00401693 The question that we haven't resolved is, how do we view the population
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00966-00401733-00402293 that is somewhat above that? And it's because we really haven't been willing
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00967-00402293-00402700 to have that honest conversation with this. I don't think we're gonna take
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00968-00402700-00403087 it away, but the question about what that insurance looks like,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00969-00403137-00403638 and at what point do we try to rationalize the kind of subsidies
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00970-00403638-00404170 that happen as people go up. The people who have really gotten the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00971-00404170-00404605 short end of the stick are unfortunately the people who typically get the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00972-00404605-00405118 short end of the stick. The middle, the slightly middle plus,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00973-00405204-00405333 middle to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00974-00405449-00405923 higher income, but only not in what most people think about higher income
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00975-00405923-00406431 in the statistical sense, the $300,000 to $400,000... 300% to 400%
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00976-00406623-00407139 of poverty line family. The people who we are talking about between $50,000
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00977-00407146-00407516 and $100,000 a year for a family of four.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00978-00407603-00408063 We need to be more honest about the numbers of people that are
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00979-00408063-00408294 there, and what happens as you continue up. So
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00980-00408394-00408675 we haven't had that discussion, but we are not going backwards.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00981-00408678-00408822 It's just not gonna happen.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00982-00409194-00409575 Thank you. We're gonna take a question from Twitter, and add a little
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00983-00409575-00409966 bit from the audience. The question from Twitter, we had quite a few
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00984-00409966-00410322 different questions coming in about insurance prevision structures. And
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00985-00410322-00410688 so, the question from Twitter is, "What will be the role of employer
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00986-00410688-00410756 based insurance in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00987-00410859-00411210 the future? And we'd also like if you could comment on the single
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00988-00411210-00411627 payer health system as well, and which one of those you see being
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00989-00411714-00412079 the most useful in this country." And if Dr. Ayanian, if you could
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00990-00412106-00412238 answer this one? Sure.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00991-00412372-00412662 One of the reasons the Affordable Care Act was so complicated is that it
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00992-00412679-00413027 was not a government takeover of healthcare. It was built on the foundation
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00993-00413032-00413541 of employer sponsored insurance, and the understanding that many Americans
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00994-00413543-00413871 who have employer sponsored insurance may not be totally satisfied with
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00995-00413871-00414118 it, but they're satisfied enough that they don't wanna give it up,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00996-00414170-00414554 and are very uncertain about sort of moving to a single payer system.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00997-00414555-00414914 So I think the challenge is, even though as Jonathan was saying with
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00998-00414914-00415276 his magic wand, if we were to start from scratch, we might build
+RKNmvYJdrUy-00999-00415276-00415620 a single payer system, or predominately, a government funded system, like
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01000-00415629-00415985 most other countries have done. It's very hard to get there politically
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01001-00415987-00416325 in the current environment where most voters... And it's actually been tested
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01002-00416325-00416772 in a few states where there've been ballot referenda, attempted to try and
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01003-00416774-00417082 move to a state wide single payer system. And there either hasn't been
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01004-00417082-00417362 the support, or in the case of Vermont, they tried and couldn't make
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01005-00417363-00417793 the finances work. So it really... It may only be able to work
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01006-00417793-00418028 at a federal level, and right now, the votes aren't there,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01007-00418028-00418302 I think, in the population or in Congress to move
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01008-00418357-00418659 in that direction. So then, we're left saying, "How can we make the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01009-00418659-00419150 employer sponsored system more effective?" Certainly, we have generous tax
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01010-00419150-00419528 subsidies, the fact that most of us who have employer sponsored coverage
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01011-00419557-00419808 get that coverage through pre tax dollars. And
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01012-00419893-00420174 that goes back to World War II when there were wage and price
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01013-00420175-00420547 controls, and the only way that employers could give an extra benefit to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01014-00420606-00420976 employees was by giving them tax free health insurance. And at that time,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01015-00420976-00421206 it was a small number of people, and it was inexpensive,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01016-00421239-00421631 and it's grown beyond anybody's expectations. So most economists... I'd
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01017-00421632-00421832 be interested in Gail and Jonathan's thoughts. Would say,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01018-00421925-00422239 "That tax subsidy doesn't make a lot of sense, but how to take
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01019-00422239-00422574 it away politically is a really thorny problem." And I
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01020-00422703-00423060 think we... And it's really making people more educated and informed about
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01021-00423060-00423518 their own health choices, both the personal choices they make, and the societal
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01022-00423518-00423907 options that we give people to live healthier lives, as well as sort of
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01023-00423907-00424234 what happenes when they start using the healthcare system. And do they have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01024-00424234-00424660 enough financial incentive to use it wisely? Oftentimes, that's very uneven,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01025-00424664-00424978 and we see clinically that there are a lot of people that overuse
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01026-00425006-00425309 healthcare, and a lot of people who underuse it. And it's that mismatch
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01027-00425310-00425599 of resources and needs that is one of our biggest problems.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01028-00425703-00426254 I don't think we'll take it away, per se. We could certainly target
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01029-00426254-00426549 it better. We could have it be graduated.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01030-00426697-00427209 And this notion of trying to be mindful, not so much to have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01031-00427257-00427864 exactly the same subsidy for people who are inside or outside the employment
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01032-00427947-00428472 world, but to have such drastically different levels of subsidy for people
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01033-00428472-00428777 at the same income level, really is problematic.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01034-00428874-00429216 It leads to a bad dynamic as people try to go to where
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01035-00429232-00429503 the higher money is, and it's just unfair.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01036-00429771-00430142 To me the question with regard to a single payer is it's a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01037-00430142-00430657 political values issue. How much power are people willing to transfer to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01038-00430657-00431130 the Federal government, which at least, to date, has been not that much,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01039-00431139-00431371 not 17% of our
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01040-00431497-00431893 GDP. It has grown in a variety of ways in terms of the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01041-00431893-00432372 government role. But people need to understand it's very different to say
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01042-00432442-00432910 government funded as though this were all one whole monolithic system.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01043-00433002-00433641 It's not. It's a whole set of different kinds of programs with different
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01044-00433641-00434135 levels of control. So to me, the question has been,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01045-00434187-00434635 "What can we do that is stable
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01046-00435012-00435397 in an environment that is as large and diverse as this country,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01047-00435433-00435751 that will be politically acceptable
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01048-00435929-00436222 to the country over some period of time?"
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01049-00436293-00436729 And ultimately, if that's not where you're at, then you're not in a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01050-00436729-00436997 stable position. And unfortunately,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01051-00437106-00437350 it's not where we were at with the Affordable Care Act.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01052-00437408-00438112 It was just astounding to me that Republicans, who were so politically successful
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01053-00438196-00438760 in beating up Democrats for having made this major change in social legislation
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01054-00438787-00439153 with a single party vote, got in power and turned around and tried
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01055-00439153-00439480 to do exactly the same thing. It's like,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01056-00439541-00439995 "What part of this outcome did you think could possibly be different if
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01057-00439995-00440451 you had been able to succeed? If you had driven this repeal and
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01058-00440452-00440891 replace with a single party vote, you would have just produced the reverse
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01059-00440891-00441253 dynamic of what you've gone through for the last six
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01060-00441577-00441860 years." I am still left shaking my head about what part of that
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01061-00441860-00442280 perfectly obvious message are we having so much trouble getting across.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01062-00442281-00442654 So we will have to do something that works for us.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01063-00442710-00443075 It's not gonna look like what looks somewhere else. I just don't think
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01064-00443075-00443096 so.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01065-00443268-00443622 This next question is actually for Jonathan. So you'd mentioned in your
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01066-00443622-00443897 discussion as well, if you could wave a magic wand, first,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01067-00443897-00444085 you'd go back and change the outcome of the basketball game,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01068-00444085-00444387 which we applaud you for. You also said that you'd go back to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01069-00444388-00444774 the early 1900s and you'd institute a national insurance market. And so,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01070-00444774-00445064 the question from the audience that we have is, in discussions about the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01071-00445064-00445355 Affordable Care Act, we've mentioned a couple of times how, ultimately,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01072-00445355-00445750 this was health insurance reform. And so, how far can health insurance reform
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01073-00445750-00446068 take us without accompanying increases or changes in social service?
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01074-00446242-00446722 Far can health insurance without changes in social services? Social services
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01075-00446722-00447068 or more underlying values within the healthcare system beyond just insurance
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01076-00447068-00447157 markets. Ah.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01077-00447264-00447509 So I feel like you can answer that in a couple of ways.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01078-00448383-00448754 Health insurance reform, basically, is giving people insurance, and it doesn't
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01079-00448774-00449101 change the way we deliver healthcare.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01080-00449263-00449466 I always thought, to be fair to the Affordable Care Act,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01081-00449466-00449680 and to be fair to the Affordable Care Act's architects,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01082-00449755-00450135 they said all along they were actually trying to do healthcare reform.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01083-00450135-00450467 They were actually trying to drive the system in a different direction.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01084-00450500-00450708 And I would say there was a lot in the Affordable Care Act
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01085-00450709-00451105 that was supposed to do that. The reality is that by the time
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01086-00451105-00451487 you've made all the compromises, and you scaled back, it was a lot
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01087-00451487-00451941 of small, small steps. Now, I for one, am not totally ready to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01088-00451941-00452239 give up on all those small steps. And in fact, you see little
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01089-00452243-00452557 springs and signs that maybe this step's gonna work, but it was always
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01090-00452557-00452909 gonna be a very long term project. Look, this healthcare system looks like
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01091-00452909-00453225 it does because it's evolved this way for almost 100 years now,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01092-00453225-00453278 basically.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01093-00453460-00453743 It ain't gonna change in a year, it's not gonna change in 10
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01094-00453743-00454124 years. Driving that change is really, really hard.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01095-00454434-00454654 You can do it... There are ways to do it more aggressively,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01096-00454785-00455143 and I would hope that we would continue to move in that direction.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01097-00455289-00455597 But there's a reason... One of the things I always try to remind
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01098-00455597-00456082 people, it's very easy... And this is more sort of directed to people
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01099-00456082-00456231 that supported the Affordable... And obviously, the people that never supported
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01100-00456231-00456280 the Affordable Care Act
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01101-00456387-00456710 never supported it, and that's their position. A lot of people who did
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01102-00456710-00457013 support it, very disappointed in the result and feel like, "We could've
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01103-00457013-00457354 done X, we could've done Y." And yes, it's very easy to imagine
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01104-00457393-00457658 a law that would have worked much better; I can imagine one,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01105-00457658-00457902 you can imagine one, you can imagine one. But there's this thing called
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01106-00457902-00458220 the United States Congress that had to get through. And
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01107-00458335-00458647 we remember the thumbs down from
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01108-00458789-00459205 Senator McCain. Please take your time machine, go a little further back
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01109-00459220-00459604 to 2010 and 2009, and you wanna talk with the nine lives.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01110-00459658-00460257 That thing seems so close to collapsing so many times, it was barely,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01111-00460264-00460650 barely, barely they got it through Congress, really pushing as hard as they
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01112-00460650-00461075 could on... You can argue in retrospect, "Well, if you hadn't pushed so
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01113-00461075-00461356 much here, you would've... If you hadn't pushed so hard to do X,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01114-00461356-00461697 you could have gotten Y, and Y would've been better." That's a totally reasonable
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01115-00461732-00461888 argument. "You could've been taking more chances." But
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01116-00462049-00462212 it's hard to do this politically. Any kind of change is hard to
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01117-00462212-00462370 do. So I hope we'll get to the point where
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01118-00462512-00462888 we change healthcare more, but it's kinda hard to do. I think the
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01119-00462888-00463355 person asked, actually, the wrong question. I think what they should have
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01120-00463355-00463571 asked, or what they meant to ask was,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01121-00463627-00464414 "Can you improve health by just expanding insurance?" And I think the answer
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01122-00464417-00465158 is, either insurance or access to healthcare is a necessary, but not a
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01123-00465158-00465731 sufficient provision in order to improve health. There's a lot about health
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01124-00465734-00466285 outcomes that is dominated by non medical factor events,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01125-00466339-00466547 public health, nutrition, education,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01126-00466653-00466731 employment,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01127-00466885-00467341 other opportunities. And that was really going to the comment that John
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01128-00467341-00467656 Ayanian had raised. We spend twice as much on
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01129-00467726-00468050 medical care as we do on social services.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01130-00468032-00468456 Most of the rest of the developed world has reversed the ratio,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01131-00468475-00468942 spends twice as much on social services than they do on medical care.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01132-00469002-00469322 I think we're gonna find it hard to increase much in the way
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01133-00469322-00469847 of social service spending until we can slow, dramatically, the growth on
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01134-00469854-00470364 medical care. There's some hopeful signs. The CHRONIC Care Act was passed
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01135-00470396-00470993 that will go into effect in 2020, which begins to allow a lot
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01136-00470993-00471535 more flexibility in the Medicare or Medicare Advantage program in terms
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01137-00471535-00471670 of what can be included
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01138-00471780-00472517 under the healthcare budget, relative to the traditional, very narrow definitions.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01139-00472595-00473113 The Medicare rule that was released two days ago started moving in that
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01140-00473113-00473718 direction. And a number of private payers have moved out, either in Medicaid
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01141-00473718-00474095 or in their private insurance to try, at least, to make linkages
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01142-00474176-00474737 with Meals on Wheels or housing assistance or other social services
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01143-00474806-00475283 that they understand will be critical to improving the health and well being
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01144-00475312-00475759 that go beyond medical care. So I think there's increasing understanding
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01145-00475832-00476414 that improving health is not just about healthcare, and for many circumstances,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01146-00476443-00476834 it's least about healthcare. Although at moments in time, it's, of course,
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01147-00476835-00476950 all about medical care.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01148-00477137-00477241 Thank you. I regret
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01149-00477347-00477475 that we are out of time
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01150-00477580-00477910 today. I wanna thank you all so much for coming and participating.
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01151-00477933-00478226 We have a reception out in our great hall, and our panelists will
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01152-00478226-00478509 be out there. So there'll be a little more time to engage with
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01153-00478509-00478818 them. But again, thank you all for coming. And please join me in
+RKNmvYJdrUy-01154-00478818-00478889 thanking our distinguished guests.
+RL_FPZhJVgE-00000-00000072-00002333 [Music] I'm a soldier oh my God [Applause]
+RL_FPZhJVgE-00003-00015306-00015909 [Music]
+RL_FPZhJVgE-00004-00015909-00016511 [Music]
+RL_FPZhJVgE-00005-00016511-00017114 [Music]
+RL_FPZhJVgE-00006-00017114-00017973 [Music] I don't know
+RL_FPZhJVgE-00007-00017973-00018101 [Music]
+RL_FPZhJVgE-00008-00018101-00018229 [Music]
+RL_FPZhJVgE-00009-00018229-00018742 don't let nobody knows
+RLFaIFhQK28-00000-00000016-00000398 Asalamualaikum guys and welcome to another episode of
+RLFaIFhQK28-00001-00000413-00000624 Smark to Janna or whatever
+RLFaIFhQK28-00002-00001024-00001256 -Death... -Death!
+RLFaIFhQK28-00003-00001276-00001680 ... it's not exactly the most popular topics of conversation now is it?
+RLFaIFhQK28-00004-00001680-00002023 Death is coming, death is here.
+RLFaIFhQK28-00005-00002023-00002176 People avoid death because
+RLFaIFhQK28-00006-00002176-00002440 it gets them questioning about their purpose about
+RLFaIFhQK28-00007-00002440-00002838 their existence about their current way of living.
+RLFaIFhQK28-00008-00002852-00003100 Alright i'm guilty i'm guilty
+RLFaIFhQK28-00009-00003100-00003415 and how they are wasting that existence,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00010-00003415-00003768 and that of course doesn't go well with society
+RLFaIFhQK28-00011-00003768-00004207 and the interests that make money from our belief that we're gonna stay here
+RLFaIFhQK28-00012-00004207-00004664 forever, because think about if people genuinely internalize the fact that- "you
+RLFaIFhQK28-00013-00004664-00004960 know what, i'm actually not gonna stay here forever"
+RLFaIFhQK28-00014-00004960-00005360 you would not be buying as many things as you currently do.
+RLFaIFhQK28-00015-00005360-00005684 The two mindsets that are being pushed by
+RLFaIFhQK28-00016-00005684-00006370 commercialism, and being pushed by the reality that's taught to us by Allah at loggerheads mate.
+RLFaIFhQK28-00017-00006370-00006656 Now that being said yeah, a couple of days ago
+RLFaIFhQK28-00018-00006656-00007128 a 40 year old Saudi man was missing for three days.
+RLFaIFhQK28-00019-00007128-00007592 When they sent out a search party, lo and behold they found him
+RLFaIFhQK28-00020-00007592-00008279 in the desert in the position of sajdah, which is the prostration
+RLFaIFhQK28-00021-00008280-00008774 in Salah (or prayer if you're not a muslim that's watching it)
+RLFaIFhQK28-00022-00009768-00010214 Boy what are way to go. What a way to go.
+RLFaIFhQK28-00023-00010270-00011000 That even the way you died is testifying to you passing away in the state of Imaan (faith).
+RLFaIFhQK28-00024-00011000-00011400 Normally we ask isn't it, "oh, did the person read the kalima" or
+RLFaIFhQK28-00025-00011400-00011792 "How were they when they were passing away, what was their state?"
+RLFaIFhQK28-00026-00011792-00012240 You don't need to ask anything about this guy, he's in sajda for god's sake.
+RLFaIFhQK28-00027-00012266-00012919 And what a way to go, when even your death increases the Imaan (faith) of the people
+RLFaIFhQK28-00028-00012919-00013312 around you, that's remarkable, because people watching this, they're
+RLFaIFhQK28-00029-00013312-00013680 making dua (supplication) for the person and it gets getting them
+RLFaIFhQK28-00030-00013680-00014119 thinking that- boy i've heard of that saying, "you die
+RLFaIFhQK28-00031-00014119-00014776 as you have lived, and you will be raised as you have died, and as you
+RLFaIFhQK28-00032-00014776-00015128 get raised will determine your final abode"
+RLFaIFhQK28-00033-00015128-00015831 so i mean, how am i living my life? how am i going to die? But if you were to
+RLFaIFhQK28-00034-00015831-00016431 ask someone else, "Hey how would you like to die?"
+RLFaIFhQK28-00035-00016656-00017031 chances are the person will probably take it as a threat...
+RLFaIFhQK28-00036-00017031-00017448 and probably call the police. They might even get their affairs in order and sort
+RLFaIFhQK28-00037-00017448-00017768 out their will- depends if you're in an Italian suit and
+RLFaIFhQK28-00038-00017768-00018104 you've got a a rifle in your hand... then maybe don't
+RLFaIFhQK28-00039-00018104-00018520 ask that question. We know as human beings we rarely agree
+RLFaIFhQK28-00040-00018520-00019176 on many things, but our birth and death are something that nobody
+RLFaIFhQK28-00041-00019176-00019448 disagrees with yeah. Everybody accepts that
+RLFaIFhQK28-00042-00019448-00019880 we were born and when we were born there were public celebrations,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00043-00019880-00020304 but when somebody dies it's a private mourning isn't it?
+RLFaIFhQK28-00044-00020304-00020679 And of course with everything else, movies and the media
+RLFaIFhQK28-00045-00020679-00021223 try to commercialize death yes that's right, they're literally traumatizing us
+RLFaIFhQK28-00046-00021223-00021823 to get us to devote ourselves to their movie or whatever. Think
+RLFaIFhQK28-00047-00021823-00022272 about it yeah, all of these classics that we remember even from childhood
+RLFaIFhQK28-00048-00022272-00022656 they have all involved a death be it Lion King,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00049-00022656-00023176 be it Bambi, be Finding Nemo, Harry Potter
+RLFaIFhQK28-00050-00023376-00023887 you name it, even if you look in Bollywood yeah you've got Devdas, Kal ho Na Ho
+RLFaIFhQK28-00051-00023887-00024368 even iconic writings like Romeo and Juliet,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00052-00024384-00024974 Macbeth, Crime and Punishment but sometimes Hollywood just takes it too far
+RLFaIFhQK28-00053-00025008-00025264 And you said you're your sister and your dad...
+RLFaIFhQK28-00054-00025264-00025490 -both dead  -but still got a mom though?
+RLFaIFhQK28-00055-00025490-00025623 killed by a dark elf
+RLFaIFhQK28-00056-00025623-00025888 -A best friend? - Stabbed through the heart
+RLFaIFhQK28-00057-00025888-00026352 And i guess maybe because we haven't experienced death ourself
+RLFaIFhQK28-00058-00026352-00026719 and we experience life every single day so we're used to life yeah we're
+RLFaIFhQK28-00059-00026719-00027168 used to existing we're used to seeing everything around us, and death:
+RLFaIFhQK28-00060-00027168-00027632 the only time we get to experience it is when actually happens. The other times
+RLFaIFhQK28-00061-00027632-00027895 when we see it is when it's happening to other people,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00062-00027895-00028294 so that's how our mind has just...  rationalized that i guess
+RLFaIFhQK28-00063-00028312-00028632 So it's only when you close your eyes and you actually think- imagine
+RLFaIFhQK28-00064-00028632-00029016 if it was to happen right now, what events
+RLFaIFhQK28-00065-00029016-00029600 would unfold, what would they call me? They'd call me a corpse, a dead body,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00066-00029600-00029882 because when you die that's literally what you are,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00067-00029910-00030375 you're a piece of flesh now.  So in Islam we are told to reflect and
+RLFaIFhQK28-00068-00030375-00030783 ponder upon death profusely why because it helps us
+RLFaIFhQK28-00069-00030783-00031295 appreciate our life and encourages us not to waste it. And even
+RLFaIFhQK28-00070-00031295-00031816 you got famous novelists like Dostoyevsky yeah, some even argue
+RLFaIFhQK28-00071-00031816-00032183 that he is a better novelist or better writer
+RLFaIFhQK28-00072-00032183-00032424 than Shakespeare, and he's written a book
+RLFaIFhQK28-00073-00032424-00032912 about a person that's about to be shot in front of a firing squad and he talks
+RLFaIFhQK28-00074-00032912-00033340 about how he perceives life at that moment in times yeah.
+RLFaIFhQK28-00075-00033354-00033560 He sees the church opposite him and
+RLFaIFhQK28-00076-00033560-00033808 right on top of the church there's a spire,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00077-00033808-00034160 and the way the light reflects upon the spire
+RLFaIFhQK28-00078-00034160-00034506 is something that he sees... and it's something so small
+RLFaIFhQK28-00079-00034524-00034847 something seemingly so insignificant but it shows that
+RLFaIFhQK28-00080-00034847-00035319 at that moment where we're clinging on to the most smallest of things,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00081-00035319-00035912 but when we're alive so many big things go wasted. And then he talks about
+RLFaIFhQK28-00082-00035912-00036208 how that person then survived and how his
+RLFaIFhQK28-00083-00036208-00036591 life changed yeah how his perspective changed, but to
+RLFaIFhQK28-00084-00036591-00037047 other people he was seen as an idiot, and that's why
+RLFaIFhQK28-00085-00037047-00037366 -he calls the book: Idiot - lol
+RLFaIFhQK28-00086-00037366-00037682 You got another novelist yeah by the name of Leo Tolstoy,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00087-00037682-00038296 he also is a higher ranking writer and he wrote a book called Ivan Ilyich,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00088-00038296-00038936 in which a famous professional lawyer gets a fatal illness and then he's on
+RLFaIFhQK28-00089-00038936-00039368 his deathbed, and then the writer talks about how he
+RLFaIFhQK28-00090-00039368-00039736 changes his view on existence and on life,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00091-00039736-00040128 the people around him yeah- the people that were once upon a time
+RLFaIFhQK28-00092-00040128-00040472 his friends and the people that were with him,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00093-00040472-00041004 and then he was able to relate more with the slave boy that used to come and help him,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00094-00041032-00041272 he had more respect for him so even
+RLFaIFhQK28-00095-00041272-00041608 these big novelists; their books are famous because they talk
+RLFaIFhQK28-00096-00041608-00041888 about these things because it's a reality.
+RLFaIFhQK28-00097-00041888-00042663 Who's that knocking at the door? Yes it's death.
+RLFaIFhQK28-00098-00042663-00043328 People say- oh man my iman's low or this is low or that's low...mate just
+RLFaIFhQK28-00099-00043328-00043663 really internalize it yeah and one of the exercises
+RLFaIFhQK28-00100-00043663-00043968 close your eyes and think it's happening right now
+RLFaIFhQK28-00101-00043968-00044312 and think practically what would happen next, who would come into the room,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00102-00044312-00044616 what would be the next step what would you be leaving behind?
+RLFaIFhQK28-00103-00044616-00045128 And then ask yourself, are you guaranteed tomorrow?
+RLFaIFhQK28-00104-00045128-00045488 I'm not guaranteed tomorrow, you're not guaranteed tomorrow,
+RLFaIFhQK28-00105-00045488-00046088 then why are we so comfortable? I'll leave you with that thought guys
+RLFaIFhQK28-00106-00046088-00046300 until next time
+RLFaIFhQK28-00107-00046300-00046722 Death is outside, there's no escape.
+RLFaIFhQK28-00108-00046744-00046974 Asalamu Alaikum
+RMCO9RgbswU-00000-00000000-00000050 खूबसूरत महिला नेता छोड़ेगी BJP का दामन
+RMCO9RgbswU-00001-00000050-00000250 loksabha election 2019
+RMCO9RgbswU-00002-00000250-00000378 election 2019
+ROwUNqqDWqc-00000-00000000-00000588 say that I had this all they thought something was wrong with me because I had sis your your
+ROwUNqqDWqc-00001-00000588-00000924 boobs are poking out you have to come in here while we're trying to go to bed and
+ROwUNqqDWqc-00002-00000924-00001680 then you just go and you said this is my house if I want to come in here and give you lotion
+ROwUNqqDWqc-00003-00001680-00002274 for your face because it is coarse and all you tell me no it's fine it's fine no it's not fun
+ROwUNqqDWqc-00004-00002346-00003168 you all better start respecting me are we clear yeah and when Robin calls and you're all you're
+ROwUNqqDWqc-00005-00003168-00003774 all even Robin's a [__] kid she goes what have you been doing to your kids you're all you all
+ROwUNqqDWqc-00006-00003774-00004536 need to start treating me like a woman with worth I am a woman okay be nice to me do you understand
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00000-00000188-00001062 Depending on the situation, with compound inequalities "OR" can give us all of the number
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00001-00001062-00002800 line or all real numbers when we graph.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00002-00002800-00003753 In interval notation it would be negative infinity to positive infinity where as if
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00003-00003753-00005865 we look at an "AND" compound inequality we could get none of the number line or no solution
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00004-00005865-00006378 and in interval notation you would just have to write it like that an empty set because
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00005-00006378-00006695 there's nothing to put there.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00006-00006695-00008210 Let's try some examples to see how this works.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00007-00008210-00009311 So subtracting one from both sides and subtracting X from both sides we would get X is less than
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00008-00009311-00010677 and negative four "OR" 3X plus plus three is greater than or equal to X minus fifteen
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00009-00010677-00011267 which we can simplify further by subtracting three from both sides and subtracting X from
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00010-00011267-00011438 both sides.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00011-00011438-00012292 In this case we would get 2X is greater than or equal to negative eighteen dividing by
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00012-00012292-00013566 two on both sides we get X is greater than or equal to negative nine so the two solutions
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00013-00013566-00014505 or the two inequalities that we've found are X is less than negative four "OR" X is greater
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00014-00014505-00015006 than or equal to negative nine.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00015-00015006-00015644 Let's go ahead and graph that.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00016-00015644-00016800 In this situation we'll say that negative nine is right here and negative four is about
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00017-00016800-00017082 right here.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00018-00017082-00018357 If X is less than negative four, it's an open dot to the left and if X is greater than or
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00019-00018357-00020179 equal to negative nine that would be a closed dot to the right.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00020-00020179-00021371 From here we have to determine where the line is covered.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00021-00021371-00021763 Remember "OR" is one or both.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00022-00021763-00022690 If it's both then the interval in which the line for this compound or inequality the line
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00023-00022690-00025299 for which it's true would have to be from negative infinity to positive infinity.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00024-00025299-00025657 Let's work on example two next.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00025-00025657-00026510 Distributing the negative three we get negative 12X plus three is less than or equal to fifteen
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00026-00026510-00028245 "AND" 2X minus three let's add three to both sides we're gonna get 2X is less than or equal
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00027-00028245-00028594 to negative six.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00028-00028594-00029342 If we subtract three from both sides on the first side of our compound inequality we get
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00029-00029343-00030362 negative 12X is less than or equal to twelve, divide by a negative twelve on both sides
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00030-00030362-00031402 and we get X is greater than or equal to negative one flipping that inequality over.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00031-00031402-00032583 On this side dividing both sides by two will give us X less than or equal to negative three.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00032-00032583-00034605 Remembering it's an "AND" compound inequality if we want to graph it
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00033-00034605-00035565 we have to remember that X greater than or equal to negative one would be about here
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00034-00035565-00036905 closed dot heading to the right or towards positive infinity with X less than or equal
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00035-00036905-00038485 to negative three this would be approximately here again a closed dot, but heading to the
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00036-00038485-00039111 left.
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00037-00039111-00040132 As you may recall with a compound "AND" inequality you have to only take the part of the compound
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00038-00040132-00040972 inequality that over laps in this situation there is nothing that over laps and so we
+ROQ5k7sCN7I-00039-00040972-00041408 have an empty set.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00000-00000083-00000150 Hey, guys.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00001-00000150-00000487 John, Mark Dougan at Oleniy Park.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00002-00000487-00000777 You can see it behind us and
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00003-00001064-00001224 as I mentioned,
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00004-00001271-00001514 my friend Igor is going to help out
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00005-00001514-00001764 with this stuff.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00006-00001905-00002225 And he just had one of his guys
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00007-00002225-00002609 drop off to me in the Oleniy Park Land Rover Defender.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00008-00002686-00002912 So here it is, let's check it out.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00009-00003153-00003236 All right.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00010-00003283-00003536 And let's see what all is in here.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00011-00003703-00004044 Gloves, lots of gloves.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00012-00004537-00004758 Lots and lots of medicine.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00013-00004764-00004871 Lots of medicine!
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00014-00004871-00005355 Big boxes filled with antibiotics and all sorts of stuff.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00015-00005435-00005679 Now, this is something
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00016-00005679-00005902 this is something you're only going to see in Russia.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00017-00005945-00006366 Something incredible really important for Russian people.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00018-00006419-00006619 Honey! Yes, honey!
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00019-00006676-00007240 Three big bins, huge bins filled with honey.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00020-00007360-00007444 All right.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00021-00007557-00007704 And because he didn't
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00022-00007704-00008018 want me to have to worry about fuel on the way,
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00023-00008244-00008875 big bags with plastic containers filled with diesel fuel
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00024-00009009-00009129 What a guy.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00025-00009165-00009419 So it's fantastic.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00026-00009546-00009726 We got documents for customs,
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00027-00009726-00009963 and you see that there's two different shapes on here.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00028-00010143-00010203 All right.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00029-00010203-00010563 So two different shipments
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00030-00010790-00010884 we got
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00031-00011151-00011384 See, each is marked.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00032-00011384-00011781 Now, the some of these boxes are
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00033-00011921-00012048 going to one hospital.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00034-00012048-00012535 These were donated by Igor's wife and her partner's clinic.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00035-00012539-00012969 And I'm not going to say the name because they think that
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00036-00012969-00013239 it would not be appropriate
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00037-00013289-00013493 because they don't want any publicity out of this.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00038-00013493-00013753 And I get it. Cool.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00039-00013753-00014120 And the other batch is donated to people like you guys.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00040-00014120-00014304 My subscribers
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00041-00014371-00014657 and a bunch of people here from Oleniy Park.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00042-00014724-00015001 When I say a bunch of people here, I mean people that hang out here.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00043-00015051-00015462 You know, Igor has a really great group of friends,
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00044-00015502-00015709 and we all kind of just chill out,
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00045-00015855-00016179 hunt, do banya and all sorts of other stuff.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00046-00016202-00016443 And these people are incredible.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00047-00016443-00016700 So between you guys and them,
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00048-00016700-00016933 this is where part of your donation has gone.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00049-00017043-00017313 We've got another big donation,
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00050-00017414-00017647 another big purchase coming up soon,
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00051-00017647-00017874 along with food and other stuff.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00052-00017907-00018098 Wayne, you really came through.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00053-00018098-00018171 Holy cow.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00054-00018171-00018375 One of my subscribers, Wayne.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00055-00018375-00018575 He really did a big thing.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00056-00018578-00018862 He's going to be able to fund
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00057-00018942-00019149 a cancer hospital for, like, a whole week.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00058-00019189-00019466 This is good, man. This is great.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00059-00019466-00019793 And I can't wait to get this stuff
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00060-00019893-00020116 to where it needs to go.
+RQXZhRkrsNo-00061-00020116-00020380 So it's amazing.
+RSOTin6XyHM-00000-00000010-00000697 BEMIDJI STATE, WINNERS, 83-57.
+RSOTin6XyHM-00001-00000697-00000704 BEMIDJI STATE, WINNERS, 83-57.  
+RSOTin6XyHM-00002-00000704-00000860 BEMIDJI STATE, WINNERS, 83-57. >> BRAINERD BOYS HOCKEY TEAM 
+RSOTin6XyHM-00003-00000860-00000867 BEMIDJI STATE, WINNERS, 83-57. >> BRAINERD BOYS HOCKEY TEAM   
+RSOTin6XyHM-00004-00000867-00000984 BEMIDJI STATE, WINNERS, 83-57. >> BRAINERD BOYS HOCKEY TEAM  PLAYED WELL OF LATE.
+RSOTin6XyHM-00005-00000984-00000990 >> BRAINERD BOYS HOCKEY TEAM  PLAYED WELL OF LATE.  
+RSOTin6XyHM-00006-00000990-00001544 >> BRAINERD BOYS HOCKEY TEAM  PLAYED WELL OF LATE. WINNERS OF FOUR OF THE LAST SIX.
+RSOTin6XyHM-00007-00001544-00001551 PLAYED WELL OF LATE. WINNERS OF FOUR OF THE LAST SIX.  
+RSOTin6XyHM-00008-00001551-00001841 PLAYED WELL OF LATE. WINNERS OF FOUR OF THE LAST SIX. TONIGHT WOULD BE A TOUGH TEST.
+RSOTin6XyHM-00009-00001841-00001848 WINNERS OF FOUR OF THE LAST SIX. TONIGHT WOULD BE A TOUGH TEST.  
+RSOTin6XyHM-00010-00001848-00002098 WINNERS OF FOUR OF THE LAST SIX. TONIGHT WOULD BE A TOUGH TEST. TAKING TO THE FIRST HERE, 
+RSOTin6XyHM-00011-00002098-00002105 TONIGHT WOULD BE A TOUGH TEST. TAKING TO THE FIRST HERE,   
+RSOTin6XyHM-00012-00002105-00003219 TONIGHT WOULD BE A TOUGH TEST. TAKING TO THE FIRST HERE,  BRAINERD DOWN 1-0.
+RSOTin6XyHM-00013-00003219-00003226 TAKING TO THE FIRST HERE,  BRAINERD DOWN 1-0.  
+RSOTin6XyHM-00014-00003226-00003603 TAKING TO THE FIRST HERE,  BRAINERD DOWN 1-0. NICE BLOCK THERE, NOW, ONLY 
+RSOTin6XyHM-00015-00003603-00003610 BRAINERD DOWN 1-0. NICE BLOCK THERE, NOW, ONLY   
+RSOTin6XyHM-00016-00003610-00004150 BRAINERD DOWN 1-0. NICE BLOCK THERE, NOW, ONLY  SECONDS LEFT.
+RSOTin6XyHM-00017-00004150-00004157 NICE BLOCK THERE, NOW, ONLY  SECONDS LEFT.  
+RSOTin6XyHM-00018-00004157-00004244 NICE BLOCK THERE, NOW, ONLY  SECONDS LEFT. THAT WOULD BE THE LAST GOAL OF 
+RSOTin6XyHM-00019-00004244-00004250 SECONDS LEFT. THAT WOULD BE THE LAST GOAL OF   
+RSOTin6XyHM-00020-00004250-00004314 SECONDS LEFT. THAT WOULD BE THE LAST GOAL OF  THE NIGHT FOR THE WARRIORS, 
+RTucU-pYAXE-00000-00000130-00000585 So in first grade, one thing that we use  to reinforce positive behavior
+RTucU-pYAXE-00001-00000585-00000755 is something called a brag tag.
+RTucU-pYAXE-00002-00000755-00001393 Now, brag tags are simply just pieces of paper that have positive reinforcing messages on them.
+RTucU-pYAXE-00003-00001393-00001818 We give brag tags out  throughout the week or on Friday.
+RTucU-pYAXE-00004-00001819-00002082 And we just hang them on a lanyard.
+RTucU-pYAXE-00005-00002082-00002477 The kids get to wear these lanyards  around their neck on Fridays,
+RTucU-pYAXE-00006-00002477-00002858 and they even get to leave the classroom  with these sometimes.
+RTucU-pYAXE-00007-00002858-00003387 And so, this is just a way to give positive reinforcement for those great behaviors.
+RTucU-pYAXE-00008-00003387-00004058 Some of the brag tags say, “Rocked the test,” or, “Stellar for the sub.”
+RTucU-pYAXE-00009-00004058-00004420 Some of them we have purchased  online at various sites.
+RTucU-pYAXE-00010-00004420-00004923 Others we have created ourselves,  which is really a simple thing to do.
+RTucU-pYAXE-00011-00004923-00005328 The other thing that we've done is-- made an easy storage system for them.
+RTucU-pYAXE-00012-00005328-00005730 And so, what we do is we just hang them on our cabinets, just like this.
+RTucU-pYAXE-00013-00005730-00006152 And then every Friday they can come over,  get their brag tags, 
+RTucU-pYAXE-00014-00006152-00006647 and can be so proud of all of the positive behaviors  that they've shown all week long.
+RTucU-pYAXE-00015-00006647-00007133 So, positive brag tags have been a great game-changer in our first grade.
+RTucU-pYAXE-00016-00007133-00007417 Hope they work for you too.
+RUdrFY5E5-Y-00000-00000150-00000200 BLAH BLAH ISMAOPDJM9ASD0-N9 WQ90qwrnqevr 90QE -  LETZ JUST STARTT THE VIDEO BY WAITING LOL
+RUdrFY5E5-Y-00001-00000390-00000532 0w0
+RUdrFY5E5-Y-00002-00000752-00000819 OH BOY HERE IS COMES
+RUdrFY5E5-Y-00003-00000836-00001349 inappropriate language racism overpopulation overload of drugs
+RUdrFY5E5-Y-00004-00001349-00001914 deforestation riots pollution destruction viruses outbreaks natural
+RUdrFY5E5-Y-00005-00001914-00002505 disasters terrorist attacks atom bombs world domination the end of lunar
+RUdrFY5E5-Y-00006-00002505-00002934 eclipses the moon going for its last orbit the end of our Sun and our solar
+RUdrFY5E5-Y-00007-00002934-00003452 system and finally dot the heat death of the universe itself
+RUdrFY5E5-Y-00008-00003482-00003574 AMAZING *claps claps claps I DID I GOOD JOB DID I?!?!?!!
+RUdrFY5E5-Y-00009-00003634-00004014 oh look this guy wants you to subscribe to his channel, should u click it????????????
+RUdrFY5E5-Y-00010-00004242-00004448 welp goodbye oof
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00000-00000000-00001194 well good morning everyone mrs. Raab from outdoor tribal channel and we're in Central Oregon yeah
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00001-00001194-00001809 we're about 1,200 miles away from home so for those of you to steam this for first time we
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00002-00001809-00002415 live in Arizona now but we keep our RV here in Central Oregon big day today today we're
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00003-00002415-00003525 taking the RV and going down to an RV park just down the hill on Crooked River Ranch and we're
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00004-00003525-00004515 going to just get all hooked up flush our tanks vacuum kind of get the the Regal cleaned up from
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00005-00004515-00005313 the inside and then biggest thing is flushing the tanks and stuff and then we're going to
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00006-00005313-00005985 bring it back right here again so we're in a real beautiful area and we love it here and
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00007-00005985-00006663 we love keeping the RV here because Sherry's folks that have this property we used to live
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00008-00006663-00007491 here too are getting up there and occasionally need some family support and it's nice to come
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00009-00007491-00008334 up here and have a place to stay so anyway busy day today will be cinching down everything got
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00010-00008334-00008844 the trailer hitch in the truck for those you know my truck I usually have a canopy on it
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00011-00008844-00009843 we took it off and she's ready to roll now so we get there hitch hull ready to go it's a beautiful
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00012-00009843-00010839 sunny day I think it's like 80s 90s at September beginning of September and it's really pretty
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00013-00010839-00011292 here let me kind of show you around a little bit lots of junipers his old juniper trees
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00014-00011485-00012574 cinders been having a ball freaking over here and kind of see how pretty
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00015-00012574-00013194 it is here and the RV is definitely ready to get all spiffed up and what
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00016-00013194-00013861 this will be right back here in 24 hours so anyway decided to show you what's going on
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00017-00021890-00022673 hi guys so we got the trailer back up here and she's a good shape we've got all the tanks flushed
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00018-00022673-00023276 really well we decided we're going to leave the RV here for the winter again and explain when we come
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00019-00023276-00023963 back up were decided if we're gonna bring it home but she's all systems or a hundred percent very
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00020-00023963-00024767 happy with it and we'll be heading home we've been here a week and obviously you saw earlier we took
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00021-00024767-00025382 the RV down to RV park for a day just the flusher takes and clean and we did a lot of cleaning and
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00022-00025382-00026357 stuff so and just like California and over and all Oregon's get some fires going on over and sisters
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00023-00026357-00027101 area I think and it's been a real smoky and kind of see how hazy it is today and tomorrow morning
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00024-00027101-00027739 we'll be getting up early and when raising the RV and one thing I wanted to point out to you is when
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00025-00027739-00028499 we do that because there's lots of little critters around here we'll be taping up all of our intakes
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00026-00028499-00029426 with tape and that's been working out really well and when raising with antifreeze and we've done
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00027-00029426-00030070 really good with that so we're pretty happy of our technique so yeah we got 1,200 miles to drive home
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00028-00030070-00030731 and we will take two maybe three days to do it we're going to take our time and enjoy the trip
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00029-00030731-00031835 I stopped at a Winnemucca pie stop at a Las Vegas and play it by ear and see how if we get really
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00030-00031835-00032555 energetic we'll drive really far and if not we can break it up at a few times because we've got
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00031-00032555-00033344 all these different locations and go to Winnemucca Fallon Hawthorne Las Vegas and home Vegas there's
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00032-00033344-00033974 only five hours from our house so we'll see how it goes anyway thanks for watching guys hey thank
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00033-00033974-00034445 you for listening to outdoor Travel Channel and our trip to Central Oregon and flushing their
+RUKKVYyJjYg-00034-00034445-00035151 tanks please take the time to like subscribe and share our videos Oliver a whole wide world by now
+RXC01HqJHbk-00000-00000110-00000440 Hello, my name is Leopoldo Armesto and in this presentation
+RXC01HqJHbk-00001-00000440-00000990 I'm going to discuss the use of text or block programming tools
+RXC01HqJHbk-00002-00000990-00001212 in order to develop your IoT applications.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00003-00001212-00001616 So, this is the outline of the presentation, first I will discuss
+RXC01HqJHbk-00004-00001616-00001900 between the use of text and block programming and
+RXC01HqJHbk-00005-00001919-00002323 I will just simply discuss which is the
+RXC01HqJHbk-00006-00002323-00002727 best tool for you in this case. Then, I will
+RXC01HqJHbk-00007-00002727-00003030 present a tool that I have developed, it's called
+RXC01HqJHbk-00008-00003030-00003434 Facilino and then I will explain you the motivations
+RXC01HqJHbk-00009-00003434-00003838 behind this application, when to use it, when not to
+RXC01HqJHbk-00010-00003838-00004141 use it and why is
+RXC01HqJHbk-00011-00004141-00004444 a good tool for been used in IoT applications.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00012-00004646-00005050 So, in my opinion the text vs. block programming
+RXC01HqJHbk-00013-00005050-00005353 it's a discussion that... you can see many many blog
+RXC01HqJHbk-00014-00005353-00005757 entries with people who is in favor for text programming,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00015-00005757-00005959 people who is in favor for block programming...
+RXC01HqJHbk-00016-00005959-00006363 this depends, in my opinion, if you want to learn...
+RXC01HqJHbk-00017-00006363-00006666 if you want learn to code, so means that you want to learn
+RXC01HqJHbk-00018-00006666-00007170 the basis for coding then probably text programming it's
+RXC01HqJHbk-00019-00007170-00007473 the best option for you. But, if you want to code
+RXC01HqJHbk-00020-00007473-00007777 to learn something else, then probably the block programming
+RXC01HqJHbk-00021-00007777-00008282 it's a good tool for you. So,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00022-00008282-00008787 you will find, as I said, many many entries and many
+RXC01HqJHbk-00023-00008787-00009090 articles discussing these thing. So here, I'm showing
+RXC01HqJHbk-00024-00009090-00009494 you some of them, so you will see opinions, as I said,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00025-00009494-00009898 pro-text programming and opinions pro-block programming.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00026-00009898-00010310 So, it's up to you to read them and to get your own conclusions.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00027-00010410-00010810 So, in my opinion, text programming and more specifically
+RXC01HqJHbk-00028-00010810-00011311 when working with Arduino IDE. It is based on C++, ok?
+RXC01HqJHbk-00029-00011311-00011611 So, C++ is a good language for programming
+RXC01HqJHbk-00030-00011611-00012112 microcontrollers, is object-oriented and it's well structured.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00031-00012112-00012512 It has a lot of libraries, they are basically maintained by
+RXC01HqJHbk-00032-00012512-00012812 the community and also **by** particular users.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00033-00012812-00013213 So, this means that these libraries some of them have a good
+RXC01HqJHbk-00034-00013213-00013513 documentation, some of them the documentation is not that good, so,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00035-00013513-00013813 that's an advantage you have a lot of libraries but some of
+RXC01HqJHbk-00036-00013813-00014214 them are not well documented. In general, I have to say that Arduino
+RXC01HqJHbk-00037-00014214-00014614 IDE it's simple and easy to use compared to other development
+RXC01HqJHbk-00038-00014614-00015015 environments and some drawbacks, let's say if you're
+RXC01HqJHbk-00039-00015015-00015415 not used to text programming or you are not a programmer,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00040-00015415-00015715 then you need to remember API continuously so means that
+RXC01HqJHbk-00041-00015715-00016016 you have to access to the documentation to see how this
+RXC01HqJHbk-00042-00016016-00016516 instruction was used. I, myself, I need to do this this task continuously
+RXC01HqJHbk-00043-00016516-00016816 because I'm not able to remember all the API obviously.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00044-00016916-00017317 And, it can be complex for some users, especially
+RXC01HqJHbk-00045-00017317-00017617 if you're not a experienced user, if you need to do some complex
+RXC01HqJHbk-00046-00017617-00017917 tasks like handling pointers, managing memory, and things like that
+RXC01HqJHbk-00047-00017917-00018518 So then, things become messy. And obviously, as any text programming
+RXC01HqJHbk-00048-00018518-00018718 tool, if you don't know how to program it's
+RXC01HqJHbk-00049-00018818-00019119 always prone to compilation errors you have to
+RXC01HqJHbk-00050-00019119-00019419 debug your code and make sure you write the
+RXC01HqJHbk-00051-00019419-00020020 correct sentence... syntax. On the contrary, block programming
+RXC01HqJHbk-00052-00020020-00020420 expose the users to the fun aspects of programming, so they
+RXC01HqJHbk-00053-00020420-00020820 focus of creativity and design so
+RXC01HqJHbk-00054-00020820-00021121 they don't care about the syntax itself.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00055-00021221-00021621 With a simple block you can generate many lines of code, so
+RXC01HqJHbk-00056-00021621-00021921 some **blocks** could be reconfigurable,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00057-00021921-00022322 they could be intuitive to use and in general they require
+RXC01HqJHbk-00058-00022322-00022722 less memory or effort to remember how to use because they are quite intuitive.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00059-00022922-00023323 I think that it's a good... block programming it's a good
+RXC01HqJHbk-00060-00023323-00023723 tool for simple programs, so it's a kickstart for many many situations.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00061-00023723-00024124 And, students, most of the students, learn programming
+RXC01HqJHbk-00062-00024124-00024424 without noticing so that's a good thing too.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00063-00024524-00024924 And, one important thing is that some people
+RXC01HqJHbk-00064-00024924-00025200 believe that block programming tools are childish.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00065-00025225-00025525 I don't think so, they are not necessarily childish as
+RXC01HqJHbk-00066-00025625-00025925 you will see with Facilino, in my opinion is not childish
+RXC01HqJHbk-00067-00025925-00026226 tool it's an advanced tool which simplifies some
+RXC01HqJHbk-00068-00026226-00026726 advanced features too but also [still] it can be used young learners
+RXC01HqJHbk-00069-00026726-00027127 obviously. In general, in block programming tools might
+RXC01HqJHbk-00070-00027127-00027427 be difficult to maintain large programs because
+RXC01HqJHbk-00071-00027427-00027927 then it becomes a lot of complex to visualize
+RXC01HqJHbk-00072-00027927-00028228 all the all the blocks and some of the tools are
+RXC01HqJHbk-00073-00028228-00028528 not well standardized, but they are quite similar so they
+RXC01HqJHbk-00074-00028528-00029029 have some similarities. Also, as a drawback, the...
+RXC01HqJHbk-00075-00029029-00029329 these visual tools are not a obviously accessible for
+RXC01HqJHbk-00076-00029329-00029629 students with visual disabilities.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00077-00029829-00030330 So, the question in my opinion, is if you are programmer or...
+RXC01HqJHbk-00078-00030330-00030730 or you're not a programmer. So if you are a programmer,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00079-00030730-00031131 or have a lot of experience in text programming then
+RXC01HqJHbk-00080-00031131-00031431 you will find hard to use this kind of block programming tools, but
+RXC01HqJHbk-00081-00031531-00031731 you know that, not everyone is a programmer.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00082-00031731-00032132 Here is simply showing an example how web pages they started.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00083-00032132-00032532 They started by developing HTML code **also javascript, PHP**, with this code
+RXC01HqJHbk-00084-00032532-00033033 could be very complex to maintain if you want to do
+RXC01HqJHbk-00085-00033033-00033333 or want to create a a web page from scratch.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00086-00033433-00033933 Then, soon we realized that web pages were for selling products
+RXC01HqJHbk-00087-00033933-00034434 on then we need to introduce a lot of nice and attractive features
+RXC01HqJHbk-00088-00034434-00035035 to them, so there most common type of user developing web
+RXC01HqJHbk-00089-00035035-00035435 pages was not, itself a programmer, but it was a web page designer
+RXC01HqJHbk-00090-00035435-00035835 which was focusing on the user experience and many other things
+RXC01HqJHbk-00091-00035835-00036136 and not specifically in the code. So, I'm just simply bringing this
+RXC01HqJHbk-00092-00036136-00036536 example to show you how complex could be the text programming
+RXC01HqJHbk-00093-00036536-00036936 or how easy could be to use a specialized tool for a specific
+RXC01HqJHbk-00094-00036936-00037537 task, like designing a web page. So, in block programming
+RXC01HqJHbk-00095-00037537-00037837 tools, specifically working with microcontrollers,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00096-00037837-00038138 we have several of them. I'm just simply showing
+RXC01HqJHbk-00097-00038138-00038438 a few of them, ok? Scratch, is one of the most,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00098-00038438-00038938 widely used tools but it's not itself for microcontrollers
+RXC01HqJHbk-00099-00038938-00039139 although there's a version which is called Scratch for Arduino
+RXC01HqJHbk-00100-00039139-00039539 It is simple to use, but, in my oppinion, it's mostly
+RXC01HqJHbk-00101-00039539-00039939 a intended to develop games and mBlock
+RXC01HqJHbk-00102-00039939-00040240 it's a mixture. It's based on a Scratch,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00103-00040240-00040740 in my oppinion is quite childish, it's simple to use and you can use
+RXC01HqJHbk-00104-00040740-00040940 use it for a programming Arduino for instance.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00105-00041041-00041241 Then, we have ArduBlock
+RXC01HqJHbk-00106-00041241-00041541 It's simple, but it has some advanced features too
+RXC01HqJHbk-00107-00041641-00041841 It's integrated in the Arduino IDE
+RXC01HqJHbk-00108-00041841-00042142 So, in the end, you can see the
+RXC01HqJHbk-00109-00042242-00042642 code is being generated but, in my oppinion, it's fully outdated.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00110-00042642-00043043 So, it's not maintained anymore and then in
+RXC01HqJHbk-00111-00043043-00043243 Facilino what we have is some advanced features but
+RXC01HqJHbk-00112-00043243-00043543 yet it's simple, it's quite simple. And the most important feature
+RXC01HqJHbk-00113-00043543-00043843 is that you are not only able to program Arduino, but you're
+RXC01HqJHbk-00114-00043843-00044344 able to program the ESP processors. So it's quite suitable for
+RXC01HqJHbk-00115-00044344-00044644 IoT applications and also, an interesting feature is that you're
+RXC01HqJHbk-00116-00044644-00045045 always capable of seeing the code you're generating so you can
+RXC01HqJHbk-00117-00045045-00045445 learn a lot by studying the generated code.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00118-00045645-00046046 So, let me introduce Facilino. Facilino is a block programming
+RXC01HqJHbk-00119-00046046-00046346 tool based on Blockly. Blockly is a library developed by Google.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00120-00046446-00046646 I'm the maintainer, I'm the developer and maintaining
+RXC01HqJHbk-00121-00046646-00047047 the application and just simply as a summary it has
+RXC01HqJHbk-00122-00047047-00047347 a lot of features that you might be interested to use like
+RXC01HqJHbk-00123-00047347-00047647 the basic instructions which will be included in any block
+RXC01HqJHbk-00124-00047647-00047947 programming tool, communication with Bluetooth, WiFi
+RXC01HqJHbk-00125-00048048-00048248 but also specific instructions for IoT,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00126-00048248-00048748 Robotics, for generating music, for reading information from
+RXC01HqJHbk-00127-00048748-00049249 sensors also instructions for generating a user interface like
+RXC01HqJHbk-00128-00049249-00049649 OLED, LED matrix but also interacting with pushbuttons,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00129-00049649-00050050 and also instructions for generating a web interface or
+RXC01HqJHbk-00130-00050050-00050450 to control a system with for instance with a PID.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00131-00050550-00050950 It is a freemium application, means that a lot of
+RXC01HqJHbk-00132-00050950-00051151 features are free but some of the advanced features they
+RXC01HqJHbk-00133-00051151-00051551 require a licence, ok? It costs 10€ and we use this
+RXC01HqJHbk-00134-00051551-00051851 money for maintaining, obviously, and develop new features
+RXC01HqJHbk-00135-00051851-00052252 for the application. So, for us, obviously
+RXC01HqJHbk-00136-00052252-00052552 is very important you can support us by obviously
+RXC01HqJHbk-00137-00052552-00052852 by [means of] this licence. We will give you more information
+RXC01HqJHbk-00138-00052952-00053353 on the video description. It's an open source code, so you can
+RXC01HqJHbk-00139-00053353-00053753 download it here and modify it to your own interests,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00140-00053753-00054254 if you want. So the main idea with Facilino, in my oppinion,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00141-00054254-00054654 it's filling the gap, so it's not a childish block [programming]
+RXC01HqJHbk-00142-00054654-00055054 tool so it is not the Arduino IDE environment, so you have to
+RXC01HqJHbk-00143-00055054-00055355 program with the Arduino code. It's something in between
+RXC01HqJHbk-00144-00055355-00055855 because you can use the blocks
+RXC01HqJHbk-00145-00055855-00056256 to create really advanced features,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00146-00056256-00056556 but in the end you can use it to generate the Arduino code
+RXC01HqJHbk-00147-00056556-00056856 and you can see this code and you can modify it to
+RXC01HqJHbk-00148-00056856-00057257 your own interests. So, here I'm just simply describing when, I
+RXC01HqJHbk-00149-00057257-00057757 think, it's a a interesting to use Facilino when you have to
+RXC01HqJHbk-00150-00057757-00058058 kickstart with some electronics, when you have a few experience
+RXC01HqJHbk-00151-00058058-00058358 with microcontrollers, specifically with robotics, IoT and
+RXC01HqJHbk-00152-00058358-00058758 so on when you plan to use with young learners.
+RXC01HqJHbk-00153-00058758-00059059 It's very interesting because this tool
+RXC01HqJHbk-00154-00059059-00059400 is been used for ages from above ten (10+)
+RXC01HqJHbk-00155-00059659-00059859 and when you look for complex task that you don't know how
+RXC01HqJHbk-00156-00059859-00060260 to start with, then it's a good tool to learn how
+RXC01HqJHbk-00157-00060260-00060660 to use it. But, as I said, it's not for childs, I mean
+RXC01HqJHbk-00158-00060660-00060960 it can be used for child's but it's not a childish application,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00159-00060960-00061261 ok? and particularly, you can see it,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00160-00061261-00061661 actually my students use it as a code generator and they use this
+RXC01HqJHbk-00161-00061661-00062162 application and it gives them the the preliminary input
+RXC01HqJHbk-00162-00062162-00062562 for starting their own on development. I don't...
+RXC01HqJHbk-00163-00062662-00062962 I think that you should not use Facilino if you're primarily
+RXC01HqJHbk-00164-00062962-00063163 interested in learn how to code, ok? because
+RXC01HqJHbk-00165-00063163-00063463 although Facilino will help you in this process at the beginning,
+RXC01HqJHbk-00166-00063563-00063863 sooner or later you will need a text programming
+RXC01HqJHbk-00167-00063863-00064164 tool. An if the number of blocks or the kind of application
+RXC01HqJHbk-00168-00064164-00064464 you're trying to do requires a lot of blocks
+RXC01HqJHbk-00169-00064464-00064764 then this could be a little bit messy
+RXC01HqJHbk-00170-00064764-00065165 And, if you need some advanced features that
+RXC01HqJHbk-00171-00065165-00065365 are not considered yet in Facilino, obviously, this is not a tool
+RXC01HqJHbk-00172-00065365-00065865 for you. So just simply for you to consider if you are thinking
+RXC01HqJHbk-00173-00065865-00066166 about [developing] IoT please take a look to the Facilino App
+RXC01HqJHbk-00174-00066166-00066466 and you will see how easy is to use
+RXC01HqJHbk-00175-00066466-00066866 and all the videos I will document for... about Facilino
+RXC01HqJHbk-00176-00066866-00067167 and how to use them. Thank you very much for your attention
+RXRR9FeIZky-00000-00000050-00000514 Colaboradora - Arts & Communities is the free, collaborative arts school
+RXRR9FeIZky-00001-00000514-00000682 at Instituto Procomum.
+RXRR9FeIZky-00002-00000682-00001059 Its second edition welcomed 11 artists of different fields
+RXRR9FeIZky-00003-00001059-00001478 who would develop projects at Bacia do Mercado, in Santos, São Paulo.
+RXRR9FeIZky-00004-00001478-00001702 The pandemic halted the in-person activities,
+RXRR9FeIZky-00005-00001702-00001954 but not the curiosity  and the positive interactions
+RXRR9FeIZky-00006-00001954-00002292 which guided us through collective investigations of art and territory.
+RXRR9FeIZky-00007-00002292-00002540 To celebrate the second edition of the program,
+RXRR9FeIZky-00008-00002540-00002860 we present: "Approximations: The Arts and the Commons".
+RXRR9FeIZky-00009-00002860-00003294 The event begins on September 29 and will feature three main attractions:
+RXRR9FeIZky-00010-00003294-00003619 "The (Un)Doing] Cycle: The end of the world as we know it",
+RXRR9FeIZky-00011-00003619-00004054 a series of live streams on the arts and communities in a collapsing world.
+RXRR9FeIZky-00012-00004054-00004428 On October 9, "Common Territories" will be launched,
+RXRR9FeIZky-00013-00004428-00004611 a collectively developed platform
+RXRR9FeIZky-00014-00004611-00004952 showcasing the works of the second edition of Colaboradora.
+RXRR9FeIZky-00015-00004952-00005321 On October 10, we will host the "2020 Colaboradora Exhibit",
+RXRR9FeIZky-00016-00005321-00005484 with actions and interventions
+RXRR9FeIZky-00017-00005484-00005754 by some of the participating artists in this edition.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00000-00000023-00000234 - Hola Unconventionals I'm Amelia.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00001-00000234-00000317 - And I'm JP.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00002-00000317-00000454 - And we're sharing our unconventional life
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00003-00000454-00000595 with you from Ecuador.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00004-00000595-00000819 - Last weekend we went to Ground Zero for
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00005-00000819-00001028 the COVID pandemic in Ecuador.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00006-00001028-00001296 - Yes and we're gonna share the surreal experience with you
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00007-00001296-00001404 in this video.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00008-00001404-00001609 - But before we dive in if you're new to our channel
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00009-00001609-00001764 you're thinking about moving to Ecuador
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00010-00001764-00002098 or visiting here hit the subscribe button and ring the bell.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00011-00002098-00002292 - Ring the bell please because we show what it's really like
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00012-00002292-00002456 to live here in Ecuador.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00013-00003073-00003156 - Are you signing?
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00014-00003156-00003549 - Yes with my, we each get one pen for our stay.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00015-00003549-00003779 So everything is very sanitary.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00016-00003779-00003935 And there's alcohol everywhere.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00017-00004077-00004223 Uh no oops.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00018-00004423-00004608 - You're not standing in your square.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00019-00004731-00004889 (laughing)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00020-00004889-00005055 - The small square right there.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00021-00005055-00005144 - Oh is that what that is?
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00022-00005144-00005236 - Yes.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00023-00005236-00005421 - Oh great, well they do have everything mapped out
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00024-00005421-00005536 this is quite the...
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00025-00005646-00005968 This is very (mumbles) educational.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00026-00005968-00006051 - Did you forget your mouth words again?
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00027-00006051-00006354 - I did that's 'cause I slept most of the way here.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00028-00006518-00006634 - We made it.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00029-00006634-00006718 - Yeah.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00030-00007315-00007429 - That is a weird building.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00031-00007429-00007741 - Right (mumbles)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00032-00007741-00008051 - We are in Guayaquil Ecuador this is ground zero
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00033-00008051-00008293 for the COVID outbreak in Ecuador.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00034-00008293-00008558 First time we've been back since before the pandemic
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00035-00008558-00008786 and we're here for two very important reasons.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00036-00008786-00009127 - Yes the first reason is that we are here to say goodbye
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00037-00009127-00009427 to a very, very dear friend I'm very sad.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00038-00009427-00009510 - Me too.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00039-00009510-00009747 - Someone we featured in a lot of our videos.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00040-00009747-00009889 We think you're going to miss this person
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00041-00009889-00010120 as much as we are going to miss this person.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00042-00010120-00010253 - And the second reason we're here
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00043-00010253-00010539 is that my iPhone camera stopped working
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00044-00010539-00010765 which is why I haven't been posting very much on Instagram
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00045-00010765-00010920 over the last few months.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00046-00010920-00011177 And also I have a defective battery in my mac
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00047-00011177-00011340 so we're going to the apple store
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00048-00011340-00011521 and try and get both of those fixed
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00049-00011521-00011787 and we're gonna share it with you during the process.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00050-00011787-00011929 - Yes fingers crossed. We get everything taken care.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00051-00011929-00012155 - Yes please cross your fingers everyone
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00052-00012155-00012307 - I need lots of crossed fingers
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00053-00012307-00012489 I can get these things fixed.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00054-00012489-00012628 - But the first thing we're gonna do
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00055-00012628-00012890 is go grab a bite to eat listo?
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00056-00012890-00013058 - Sí listo.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00057-00013058-00013380 We haven't been to mall Del Sol in over three years
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00058-00013380-00013501 and they have some new restaurants
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00059-00013501-00013788 and this Freshii place looks awesome.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00060-00013788-00014031 They have all kinds of healthy options on the menu.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00061-00014031-00014214 I'm very happy I'm starving too.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00062-00014306-00014482 - While we wait for our food I will tell you
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00063-00014482-00014735 a little bit more about our check-in process.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00064-00014735-00014891 we are staying at the Sheraton
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00065-00014891-00015091 and two days before our arrival
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00066-00015091-00015387 they sent me an email asking for our information
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00067-00015387-00015684 sejula or passport, home address,
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00068-00015684-00016082 if we were traveling they wanted our air information
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00069-00016082-00016234 which of course we were not.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00070-00016234-00016382 And once we got to the hotel
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00071-00016382-00016738 we had to have our hands sanitized
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00072-00016738-00016936 and get our temperatures taken.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00073-00016936-00017269 And then they have the distancing signs all over the place
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00074-00017269-00017499 when we got to the check-in counter
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00075-00017499-00017714 they had us read through a sheet
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00076-00017714-00017874 and agree to all of the terms.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00077-00017874-00018177 It's a questionnaire to ask if you've had any COVID symptoms
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00078-00018177-00018435 and if you are, you do come down with symptoms
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00079-00018435-00018736 that you tell the hotel and that you agree to abide by
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00080-00018736-00019084 all the rules and regulations that are here in Ecuador
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00081-00019084-00019260 which of course we said yes to.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00082-00019260-00019583 And they gave us each our own pen that we keep
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00083-00019583-00019920 for our stay oh JP's getting his pen.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00084-00019920-00020020 - [JP] Hey that's mine.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00085-00020020-00020104 (laughing)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00086-00020104-00020237 This is my pen Amelia.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00087-00020336-00020707 - So they have all sorts of nice bio hazard information
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00088-00020707-00020919 in place they gave us a pamphlet as well
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00089-00020919-00021052 and so far so good.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00090-00021052-00021281 And then we walked over took the pedestrian walkway
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00091-00021281-00021466 over here to the mall and it's the same way
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00092-00021466-00021823 in the mall you go inside, there's a security guard
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00093-00021823-00021979 at the door that checks your temperature
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00094-00021979-00022206 and has you use a hand sanitizer.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00095-00022369-00022471 - [JP] Wow.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00096-00022471-00022554 - [Amelia] Yum.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00097-00022642-00022758 (speaking in foreign language)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00098-00022758-00022921 I guess we can take this off now.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00099-00022921-00023116 (laughing)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00100-00023116-00023512 - Gracias, I know wow this looks amazing, looks delicious.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00101-00023512-00023715 - Are you gonna dive in head first?
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00102-00023715-00023875 - Not head first.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00103-00023875-00023958 (giggling)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00104-00023958-00024077 Ooh there's noodles in here on the bottom.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00105-00024077-00024298 - I know that's a peanut sauce.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00106-00024298-00024420 - Wow it smells so good.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00107-00024420-00024603 I got falafel and JP got tofu.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00108-00024770-00025009 - Yum all right okay take a bite.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00109-00025158-00025353 Stop playing with your food and eat it.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00110-00026016-00026100 It's good.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00111-00026100-00026183 - You know where we're going for dinner.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00112-00026183-00026340 - I know.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00113-00026340-00026826 - There's a NOE, a NOE a sushi bar yum.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00114-00026826-00027013 - The air conditioning is cranky in here.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00115-00027013-00027144 - It is chilly.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00116-00027644-00027764 All right, where's the map Amelia?
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00117-00027764-00027904 - I don't know.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00118-00028520-00028916 - Well we're back in the room and we don't have great news
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00119-00028916-00029094 first of all we were told by security
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00120-00029094-00029325 to stop filming in the mall.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00121-00029325-00029557 (giggling)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00122-00029557-00029718 - But they were super nice about it.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00123-00029718-00029882 - They were super nice they said we could take selfies
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00124-00029882-00030277 but we couldn't take any shots of just the mall so..
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00125-00030277-00030436 - So JP we got to selfie up.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00126-00030436-00030687 - Yeah so I took my phone into the mac store
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00127-00030687-00030902 and because I bought it in the United States
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00128-00030902-00031098 they can't fix the camera here.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00129-00031098-00031345 They said it has different parts and they would have
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00130-00031345-00031470 to send it to the United States
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00131-00031470-00031654 and they just can't do that right now.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00132-00031654-00031944 - Yeah so that's actually valuable information
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00133-00031944-00032143 that we wanna share with everyone out there.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00134-00032143-00032420 We had no idea that they have different models
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00135-00032420-00032663 it's the same like the iPhone 11 they have
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00136-00032663-00033002 the iPhone 11s here but it's different for Latin America.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00137-00033002-00033146 - Yeah the phones are different here.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00138-00033146-00033308 - Yes so something to keep in mind
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00139-00033308-00033483 if you're thinking about buying a phone
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00140-00033483-00033765 and bringing it to Ecuador.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00141-00033765-00033966 - You might have a hard time getting it repaired
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00142-00033966-00034205 at least the iPhones, there's a lot of Samsung's
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00143-00034205-00034392 I don't know if they have different tech or not.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00144-00034392-00034577 And nobody in the store speaks English either
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00145-00034577-00034718 that's a little bit of a challenge
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00146-00034718-00034923 and they speak very fast and with all of us wearing
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00147-00034923-00035123 our masks it's very hard to understand.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00148-00035123-00035362 - But we are muddling through we're gonna take.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00149-00035362-00035445 - Mumbling through.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00150-00035445-00035632 - Mumbling yeah, we're going to take JP's laptop
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00151-00035632-00035915 back they can serve as the mac books there so that's good.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00152-00035915-00036222 The battery is under warranty it's a recall issue
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00153-00036222-00036378 so hopefully they can fix that here.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00154-00036378-00036644 - He did say it was going to take quince días.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00155-00036644-00036795 - Yeah 15 days so it looks like
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00156-00036795-00037039 I may be out of a laptop for 15 days.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00157-00037039-00037232 - I mean JP and I are gonna have to share.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00158-00037232-00037414 I don't know how that's gonna go.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00159-00037414-00037599 - Yeah so we may be angry in our next several videos.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00160-00037599-00037839 - Thank goodness I have my iPad.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00161-00037839-00037977 - All right let's take my Mac back.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00162-00037977-00038131 - All right lets get er done.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00163-00038131-00038473 As JP mentioned we were told we could not film inside
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00164-00038473-00038776 the mall but we did get a little bit of video for you guys.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00165-00038776-00038971 - Yeah we got some video in the Think Store
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00166-00038971-00039259 that's the authorized apple premium reseller
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00167-00039259-00039384 that is in the mall.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00168-00039384-00039683 It's kinda like an apple store but as far as we know
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00169-00039683-00039933 there are no official Apple Stores in Ecuador.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00170-00039933-00040237 - Exactly and they do have all of the latest models
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00171-00040237-00040506 all the latest devices but just not as much of a selection.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00172-00040506-00040781 - Yeah they have limited colors, limited options
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00173-00040781-00041015 as far as hardware and stuff but you will be able
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00174-00041015-00041183 to find mostly what you want.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00175-00041183-00041394 So when we went back there was one guy
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00176-00041394-00041689 who spoke some English he spoke about as much English
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00177-00041689-00041914 as we speak Spanish so between the three of us
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00178-00041914-00042122 we were able to communicate pretty effectively.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00179-00042122-00042298 - Yep we got everything taken care of
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00180-00042298-00042584 and they were so nice and so helpful at that store
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00181-00042584-00042678 we were really impressed.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00182-00042678-00042946 And they were able to replace my defective battery
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00183-00042946-00043162 and some people have already asked if it was caused
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00184-00043162-00043499 by the ocean the salt air, nope it was a recall
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00185-00043499-00043649 that was issued like a year ago
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00186-00043649-00043880 and I've been really slow to get it replaced.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00187-00043880-00044100 - Yeah he like totally blew it off.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00188-00044100-00044318 - Yeah so thankfully it didn't blow up
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00189-00044318-00044449 before I got it fixed.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00190-00044449-00044532 - That would have been very bad .
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00191-00044532-00044813 - So we have to go back in a couple weeks to get my mac.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00192-00044813-00045010 - Yup (speaking in foreign language)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00193-00045010-00045338 - Sun is setting you're missing it.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00194-00045338-00045785 - [Amelia] Oh wow, wow that's so cool.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00195-00045785-00046123 - [JP] Let's zoom in wow.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00196-00046123-00046285 - [Amelia] Right it's a lot different
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00197-00046285-00046393 than it is in Olón. - [JP] There is no ocean.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00198-00046496-00046752 - [Amelia] I know but it's really pretty.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00199-00046752-00047018 We did a little bit more shopping, watched the sunset
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00200-00047018-00047336 and now we are going to go grab a bite to eat at NOE.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00201-00047336-00047638 - Yeah there's a NOE sushi over here I showed you earlier,
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00202-00047638-00047802 There's one in Guayaquil that we used to go to
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00203-00047802-00047934 on special occasions.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00204-00047934-00048161 - Yeah and I was telling JP I can't believe it
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00205-00048161-00048423 but I actually forgot to bring chocolate
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00206-00048423-00048592 so we have a chocolate emergency.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00207-00048705-00048854 - We don't like those.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00208-00048854-00049166 - Fortunately we're right by a Megamaxi
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00209-00049166-00049417 so I think we're gonna pop in there and see if
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00210-00049417-00049583 they have some delicious Pacari.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00211-00049583-00049857 - Yeah Amelia can't go a day without her chocolate.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00212-00049857-00049969 - Hell no.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00213-00049969-00050203 - Coffee and chocolate the two C's.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00214-00050203-00050286 (laughing)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00215-00050286-00050431 All right let's go get some dinner.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00216-00050431-00050514 - Okay.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00217-00050514-00050725 - We love going to NOE we feel so spoiled
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00218-00050725-00050808 when we go there.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00219-00050808-00051011 We've actually been to I think four different NOE's
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00220-00051011-00051135 in Ecuador now.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00221-00051135-00051341 - I think you're right we have been to four different NOE'S.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00222-00051341-00051496 Yeah that's one of our favorites.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00223-00051496-00051733 It is a special treat, we do love it.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00224-00051733-00052054 What was really cool is now they have those little QR codes
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00225-00052054-00052263 so you just scan it with your cell phone
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00226-00052263-00052411 and then you can download the menu that way
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00227-00052411-00052602 so that way they don't have to pass out
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00228-00052602-00052886 the regular menus although they do have them
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00229-00052886-00053115 if you want a hard copy menu.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00230-00053115-00053389 - Yeah and they also have the passwords for their WIFI
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00231-00053389-00053642 on the little table stand underneath the QR code
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00232-00053642-00053840 so that you can access their internet from there.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00233-00053840-00053964 - Yeah so I thought that was pretty cool.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00234-00053964-00054333 - Yeah it was, usually we spend about 60 to $80
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00235-00054333-00054515 for dinner there for the two of us depending
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00236-00054515-00054779 on how much sake and wine we drink.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00237-00054779-00055004 - And how many appetizers we get how hungry we are.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00238-00055004-00055308 - Yeah but to put that in perspective when we used to go
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00239-00055308-00055559 to places like that in Denver we would spend
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00240-00055559-00055861 at least $120 sometimes more than that
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00241-00055861-00056074 so it's about half the cost here.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00242-00056074-00056378 - It's a splurge but it's definitely a lot more affordable
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00243-00056378-00056564 and it is delicious.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00244-00056564-00056800 - They have two pages of vegetarian options
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00245-00056800-00056954 on their menu and we love all of
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00246-00056954-00057246 the colorful delicious food that they have.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00247-00057246-00057452 - After dinner we took the short walk over
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00248-00057452-00057772 to the Megamaxi because I had to get my chocolate.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00249-00057772-00058031 - Yeah we can't go to bed without chocolate.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00250-00058031-00058316 - And mission accomplished I was very happy.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00251-00058316-00058520 - So we didn't film inside the Megamaxi
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00252-00058520-00058767 'cause we weren't sure what their policy was
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00253-00058767-00058897 and we didn't want to get yelled at.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00254-00058897-00059047 - Nobody yells at you here.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00255-00059047-00059155 - They're so nice.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00256-00059155-00059263 - I know.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00257-00059263-00059346 - It's a lot nicer than a super Walmart
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00258-00059346-00059596 it's a lot like a Super Target it's got the grocery stores
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00259-00059596-00059825 the clothing, household items
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00260-00059825-00059976 it's got pretty much everything.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00261-00059976-00060202 - The next day we went to the airport to say goodbye
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00262-00060202-00060478 to a dear friend whom many of you will recognize.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00263-00060478-00060612 - There you are.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00264-00060742-00060967 (giggling)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00265-00061200-00061283 - Hola.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00266-00061283-00061403 - [JP] Hola.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00267-00061403-00061604 (giggling)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00268-00061604-00061718 We don't want you to leave.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00269-00061718-00061878 - I know Chinnu I've been crying.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00270-00062024-00062159 I'm gonna miss you so much.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00271-00062245-00062365 - [JP] We have presents.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00272-00062589-00062672 - Thank you.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00273-00062672-00062772 - (mumbles) Gifts.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00274-00062772-00062872 - Thank you.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00275-00063273-00063364 - Hand hug.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00276-00063542-00063850 - I'm so sad but I'm really glad we got to see you
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00277-00063850-00064053 even if it was only for five minutes.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00278-00064053-00064232 We love you guys.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00279-00064232-00064454 We just said our goodbyes to Abin and Chinnu
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00280-00064454-00064774 and the airport is empty, there is no one here
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00281-00064774-00064950 it's kind of weird I was just telling JP
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00282-00064950-00065266 we're walking down the ramp to go find a taxi
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00283-00065266-00065426 and normally this would be dangerous
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00284-00065426-00065625 but there's no cars.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00285-00065625-00065735 - [JP] Yeah it's dead.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00286-00065735-00065858 - It is weird.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00287-00065858-00066030 - It is very eerie.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00288-00066030-00066345 We're really sad, we're sad to say goodbye to Chinnu.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00289-00066345-00066492 - I know my heart hurts.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00290-00066492-00066621 - She's going back to India
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00291-00066621-00066837 for a while hopefully she'll be back.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00292-00066837-00066920 - Yes.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00293-00067051-00067275 - But we're very sad Amelia is fighting back
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00294-00067275-00067449 the tears - I know, I know.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00295-00067449-00067577 and not talking right now.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00296-00067577-00067809 - I've been wanting to cry but I'm glad
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00297-00067809-00068059 we got to see her even if it was for five minutes.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00298-00068059-00068203 - Yeah it was worth it.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00299-00068203-00068305 - Yeah it's so weird being in an airport
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00300-00068305-00068427 when there's no one there.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00301-00068427-00068750 - Yeah that was very, very bizarre not one car.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00302-00068750-00068834 Except for this taxi.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00303-00068834-00068941 - Yeah thankfully this taxi drove by
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00304-00068941-00069268 right when we needed him.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00305-00069268-00069360 - Yes.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00306-00069360-00069538 - We're gonna head back to our hotel now
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00307-00069538-00069657 we have some more errands to run.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00308-00069657-00069866 - I'm so glad we got to see Chinnu and Abin,
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00309-00069866-00070088 Chinnu looked beautiful and she's expecting,
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00310-00070088-00070325 they're expecting their first baby we're so excited.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00311-00070325-00070656 - I know we really are and she's heading back to India
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00312-00070656-00070953 to have the baby and to be closer to the families
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00313-00070953-00071149 both of their families during this process.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00314-00071149-00071288 - Yeah she has to quarantine,
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00315-00071288-00071561 Unconventionals quarantine for 28 days.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00316-00071561-00071672 - 28 days.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00317-00071672-00071912 - And she said they can't even walk outside.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00318-00071912-00072030 So it's pretty strict.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00319-00072030-00072148 We hope Chinnu will be back
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00320-00072148-00072366 in Ecuador sometime next year with the baby.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00321-00072366-00072639 - Yes i can't wait to see Chinnu again and meet the baby
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00322-00072639-00072884 but we'll get to see Abin before 'cause he's in Cuenca.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00323-00072884-00073251 - Yeah and in honor of them we put together a short tribute
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00324-00073251-00073470 featuring all the times they've been in our videos.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00325-00073470-00073720 - Yes and when we come back after that clip
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00326-00073720-00073946 we're going to share more of the safety measures
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00327-00073946-00074100 that are in place here in Ecuador
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00328-00074100-00074323 and what you can expect if you're going to travel
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00329-00074323-00074591 to Guayaquil or another big city here.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00330-00074591-00074857 (upbeat music)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00331-00085837-00086072 - That won't be the last time you see Chinnu's smiling face
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00332-00086072-00086199 in one of our videos.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00333-00086199-00086518 - Whether in India or Ecuador we'll be seeing Chinnu again.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00334-00086518-00086747 - Yes Guayaquil is a lot different now
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00335-00086747-00086905 than it was before the pandemic
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00336-00086905-00087108 - Yeah it's usually a really busy city
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00337-00087108-00087421 with lots of traffic, there's usually five, six buses
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00338-00087421-00087584 stacked up against each other.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00339-00087584-00087779 Sometimes it's hard to even cross the street there
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00340-00087779-00088062 because the buses will be lined up, blocking intersections
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00341-00088062-00088274 and we just didn't see hardly any buses
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00342-00088274-00088465 while we were there this time.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00343-00088465-00088552 - No I think I saw two.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00344-00088552-00088663 Lots of taxis though.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00345-00088663-00088829 - Yeah it seems like a lot more taxis
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00346-00088829-00088928 than there used to be.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00347-00088928-00089129 So we looked outside our hotel room
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00348-00089129-00089313 and we saw a bunch of lines of people
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00349-00089313-00089495 all standing six feet apart
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00350-00089495-00089725 and then later realized that those were for the banks.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00351-00089725-00089998 You have to wait in line outside to get inside the mall
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00352-00089998-00090097 to go to the banks.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00353-00090097-00090332 - When you go in any public space you have to get
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00354-00090332-00090676 your temperature checked and you have to have
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00355-00090676-00090924 your hand sanitized, sometimes they would spray us down
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00356-00090924-00091140 with a little bit of alcohol on our bodies,
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00357-00091140-00091312 You also have to stop on one of those mats
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00358-00091312-00091531 and they pour some sort of disinfectant in there
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00359-00091531-00091917 like a green mat kind of thing to disinfect your shoes.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00360-00091917-00092141 And so we had to do that when we went to the mall
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00361-00092141-00092330 when we went into the hotel
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00362-00092330-00092728 and when we went into Megamaxi even though we had done that
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00363-00092728-00092931 to enter the mall and the entrance to Megamaxi
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00364-00092931-00093229 was in the mall we still had to go through Megamaxi's
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00365-00093229-00093614 bio security checkpoint area and have it all done again
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00366-00093614-00093770 and we also had to do that at NOE.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00367-00093770-00094001 So keep in mind it's not a one and done.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00368-00094001-00094084 (giggling)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00369-00094084-00094195 - Yeah thankfully the temperature checks
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00370-00094195-00094433 are electronic they just like scan your wrist
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00371-00094433-00094558 you don't have to bend over.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00372-00094558-00094701 - Yeah.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00373-00094701-00094926 (laughing)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00374-00095659-00095799 - Oh my god!
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00375-00095799-00096024 (laughing)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00376-00096181-00096426 - Do we have to do that again?
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00377-00096426-00096703 (laughing)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00378-00096703-00096817 - It's not painful.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00379-00096926-00097010 (laughing)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00380-00097010-00097135 - No it's actually really easy
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00381-00097135-00097242 they don't touch you.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00382-00097347-00097622 There's no touching but you do have
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00383-00097622-00097916 to wear your masks inside any public space
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00384-00097916-00098190 and outside it is the law here in Ecuador
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00385-00098190-00098375 you have to mask up.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00386-00098375-00098684 - Yeah and something else we noticed that was different
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00387-00098684-00099027 is they now have a plexiglass divider on all the counters.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00388-00099027-00099173 Everywhere like the restaurants,
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00389-00099173-00099354 the hotel everywhere had plastic dividers.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00390-00099354-00099547 - Yeah they didn't have it at the Think Store
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00391-00099547-00099691 but everybody had their masks on.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00392-00099691-00099796 - Yeah.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00393-00099796-00100041 - It was interesting, I felt very safe
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00394-00100041-00100358 and very comfortable as I mean everything is squeaky clean
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00395-00100358-00100575 it was really interesting being in the hotel
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00396-00100575-00100867 because you're used to seeing a lot more people in the hotel
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00397-00100867-00101028 and we know there were people staying there
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00398-00101028-00101313 because we saw them at breakfast.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00399-00101313-00101589 But the hotel bar was completely empty,
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00400-00101589-00101890 there was one bartender and one couple sitting at the bar.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00401-00101890-00102023 So two people at the bar
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00402-00102023-00102243 and then there's a private room
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00403-00102243-00102457 there was a very small wedding party.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00404-00102457-00102700 So you just aren't seeing the big groups of people
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00405-00102700-00102921 like you used to because that is not allowed.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00406-00102921-00103181 - Yeah, yeah we were shocked to see an Ecuadorian wedding
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00407-00103181-00103334 with only like five to ten people.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00408-00103334-00103461 - Yeah.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00409-00103461-00103647 - Or it was a the reception but there were just a handful
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00410-00103647-00103903 of people in there it's a lot different now.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00411-00103903-00104067 - It's a lot different but like I said
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00412-00104067-00104310 it's very safe and they're taking it very seriously.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00413-00104310-00104510 We could tell when we went out to eat
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00414-00104613-00104857 and whether it was at NOE or at the hotel
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00415-00104857-00105193 that they had removed tables and socially distanced
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00416-00105193-00105496 and they they did a good job with the safety measures.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00417-00105496-00105698 - And all the benches in the malls
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00418-00105698-00105888 and some of the tables in the restaurants had
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00419-00105888-00106128 X's on parts of the chairs and the seats
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00420-00106128-00106288 so you couldn't sit everywhere.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00421-00106288-00106528 - And everyone followed the rules.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00422-00106528-00106666 They really learned their lesson
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00423-00106666-00107027 since they had such a horrible, horrible, horrible outbreak.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00424-00107027-00107176 They're taking it very seriously.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00425-00107176-00107383 - Yeah early in the pandemic there was footage
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00426-00107383-00107678 of really unsavory footage of Guayaquil
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00427-00107678-00107951 it made international news but i did just read
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00428-00107951-00108139 about a month ago in the Wall Street journal
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00429-00108139-00108508 they did a whole article on what Guayaguil has done right
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00430-00108508-00108772 and how other countries can learn from them
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00431-00108772-00109162 as a major city that's recovered from the pandemic
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00432-00109162-00109360 and done a really good job at it.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00433-00109360-00109570 So hopefully some other cities will pay attention
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00434-00109570-00109709 to what they've done because
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00435-00109797-00109892 they've kicked this thing's butt
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00436-00109892-00110035 really, really pretty quickly.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00437-00110035-00110393 Within about two to three months after that footage came out
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00438-00110393-00110542 they had it under control.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00439-00110542-00110804 - Yeah and hopefully it will continue to improve.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00440-00110804-00111019 Like I said we felt really safe there.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00441-00111019-00111169 I almost forgot to tell you Unconventionals
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00442-00111169-00111359 that we hired a private driver.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00443-00111359-00111686 We actually took a taxi from Olón to Guayaquil.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00444-00111686-00111940 We would take the CLP bus pre-pandemic
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00445-00111940-00112217 but they are not running and it's more expensive
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00446-00112217-00112382 but we did feel very safe.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00447-00112382-00112644 The taxi ride was $70 one way.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00448-00112644-00112913 - Yeah I gave him $80 to cover tip and tolls.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00449-00112913-00113328 'cause that is a toll road between Olón and Guayaquil.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00450-00113328-00113623 - But then I had extra space to bring back all my chocolate.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00451-00113623-00113809 (laughing)
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00452-00113809-00114038 - It is nice taking a private driver it took two hours
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00453-00114038-00114257 and 40 minutes and he delivered us door to door,
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00454-00114257-00114461 he picked us up at our place and dropped us off
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00455-00114461-00114555 right in front of the hotel.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00456-00114555-00114680 So that is nice.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00457-00114680-00115006 So with the CLP bus it would have cost $14 total
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00458-00115006-00115164 it's $7 a ticket.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00459-00115164-00115454 Then we would have spent about five bucks in cab ride
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00460-00115454-00115785 to get from the bus terminal to the hotel so...
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00461-00115785-00116008 Yeah it's like it's quite a bit more expensive
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00462-00116008-00116158 it's about four times more expensive
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00463-00116158-00116414 to take a private driver but there is a lot to be said
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00464-00116414-00116609 for the safety and convenience of that.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00465-00116609-00116840 - Yes and right now you don't have an option.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00466-00116840-00117025 - I think that's all we have for this video
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00467-00117025-00117258 if you enjoyed it leave us a thumbs up please.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00468-00117258-00117480 - Yes please and if you have any specific questions,
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00469-00117480-00117736 feel free to leave those in the comments below.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00470-00117736-00117951 - Alright guys hope you have an unconventional day
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00471-00117951-00118140 and we'll see you all in our next video.
+RZrMDdp4zv4-00472-00118140-00118224 - Chao.
+RZOI0emsGGy-00000-00000141-00000572 Hey folks! Today, I'm adding a new move to my catalog
+RZOI0emsGGy-00001-00000572-00000836 This move is called "Tilted axial spin"
+RZOI0emsGGy-00002-00000861-00001212 This move I picked up by seeing some poi dancers do it
+RZOI0emsGGy-00003-00001250-00001548 and I'm not sure exactly what they call it
+RZOI0emsGGy-00004-00001550-00001820 but this one I'm calling tilted axial spin
+RZOI0emsGGy-00005-00001866-00002034 The way you do it is that you lean --
+RZOI0emsGGy-00006-00002070-00002550 you offset your feet so that it's almost like you are doing a spin
+RZOI0emsGGy-00007-00002626-00003147 then you lean back your chest and then you put your arms at shoulder height
+RZOI0emsGGy-00008-00003147-00003565 and then you wind up to the side whichever direction you are going to spin in
+RZOI0emsGGy-00009-00003582-00003914 and then you go around that axis of your back
+RZOI0emsGGy-00010-00003914-00004114 so it looks like this
+RZOI0emsGGy-00011-00004286-00004568 and that's one shot
+RZOI0emsGGy-00012-00004592-00004990 I'm going to do it again, in case that didn't look so good
+RZOI0emsGGy-00013-00005250-00005440 and that's the gist of it
+RZOI0emsGGy-00014-00005468-00005878 I hope you enjoyed the move and I'll see you around. Peace!
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00000-00000114-00000652 This brief presentation has been designed to help you understand what to expect as a
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00001-00000652-00001934 student in an online or distance education course at Sacramento City College.Expect 
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00002-00001934-00002616 to learn the same material that you would in a full-time face-to-face class.
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00003-00002616-00003167 Expect to receive a full syllabus at the start of the class that includes any orientation,
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00004-00003167-00003967 quiz, exam, and assignment due dates Expect to have clear instructions for each
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00005-00003967-00005023 phase of the course: what to read, what to do, what to turn in and how to submit it.
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00006-00005023-00005764 Expect to spend on average 6 hours per week per course unit. Just because classroom time
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00007-00005764-00006332 is greatly reduced, it does not mean that learning time is similarly reduced. It will
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00008-00006332-00006940 generally increase depending on your reading and writing skills.
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00009-00006940-00007375 Expect to have assistance from your instructor. Distance Learning does not mean that you are
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00010-00007375-00007912 on your own. Your instructor is available to assist and guide you in your learning and
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00011-00007912-00008790 answer your questions throughout the course. Expect to receive information and feedback
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00012-00008790-00009478 from your instructor weekly If you feel you are not getting enough assistance,
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00013-00009478-00010146 contact your instructor – good communication is the key to a successful distance eduation
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00014-00010146-00010515 experience. If you still feel that you need more help,
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00015-00010515-00011825 contact the Tutoring Center, Distance Education officeor one of the campus computer labs.
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00016-00011825-00012054 Distance education courses are exactly the
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00017-00012054-00012810 same as face-to-face courses in quality, objectives, credits and learning outcomes. They use a
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00018-00012810-00013618 different methodology by using the Internet, instead of or in addition to a classroom.
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00019-00013618-00014145 Distance education courses are Student Centered rather than Teacher Centered, so you will
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00020-00014145-00014637 not sit and listen to lectures and generally will not be required to log into your course
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00021-00014637-00015278 at any specific time. Your teacher is a facilitator and will assist you in learning the material
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00022-00015278-00015890 required; explain details clearly in writing; provide you with information links, CD Roms
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00023-00015890-00016734 and web materials and references; answer all email questions usually within 24 hours; correct
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00024-00016734-00017340 all required work, papers, projects and quizzes in a reasonable time; and post your grade
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00025-00017340-00018217 in your grade book on a regular basis. You must be an active learner not passively
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00026-00018217-00018642 waiting for your teacher to remind you to do your homework, checking on your progress
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00027-00018642-00019190 every day and telling you what you are missing each week. A successful online student will
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00028-00019190-00019764 take the responsibility for his or her own learning: completing work on time; emailing
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00029-00019764-00020262 the instructor for assistance; keeping the instructor informed of any personal issues
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00030-00020262-00020801 and learning assistance you need; communicating with other students in the class; keeping
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00031-00020801-00021380 up with readings, case studies and web links; logging into the course daily for updates,
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00032-00021380-00022287 emails and information concerning the course; and completing the course on time.
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00033-00022287-00022798 Expect to be graded on the value, content and timeliness of your work – not on other
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00034-00022798-00023504 issues such as number of emails and questions, class dominance, or past course performance.
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00035-00023504-00023932 You can expect your teacher to give you as much of an opportunity to improve throughout
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00036-00023932-00024523 your course, but all work must be completed by the timeline on the syllabus.
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00037-00024523-00025375 You will find that you learn more than you expected in these courses. By being an active
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00038-00025375-00026020 learner, you will remember more of the course and feel more of an accomplishment upon completion.
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00039-00026020-00026445 Expect a distance education course to take you more time and energy than a traditional
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00040-00026445-00027400 face-to-face course, but the results are often that you learn more, too!
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00041-00027400-00027761 Students are often surprised to find that they feel they get to know their teachers
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00042-00027761-00028408 and classmates better online than in a classroom, due to the number of emails and contacts,
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00043-00028408-00028933 more active class discussions and interactions online than in a traditional classroom setting.
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00044-00028933-00029560 (Shy students often comment that they participate more online than in any previous college classroom
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00045-00029560-00030266 courses) You will learn more than the content of the
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00046-00030266-00030857 course: expect to learn how to do research online, how to utilize and experience new
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00047-00030857-00031277 web sites, how to use more computer applications (such as NetMeetings, Adobe Acrobat, file
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00048-00031277-00031486 attachments, voice-streaming, PowerPoint(R) presentations, etc), utilize new search engines
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00049-00031486-00032036 and, most importantly, how to express yourself better in writing.
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00050-00032036-00032536 If you still have questions about taking an online or distance education course, feel
+RbWEMdPcOm4-00051-00032536-00033122 free to contact the Distance Education office for assistance.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00000-00000083-00000466 Effective searching depends on relevant keywords.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00001-00000466-00000760 And, while we might be familiar with searching Google,
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00002-00000760-00001033 Academic searches behave a bit differently.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00003-00001033-00001600 This requires us to adjust our search techniques in order to find the scholarly sources we need for our research.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00004-00001600-00002063 This video will show you how to brainstorm keywords related to your research topic
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00005-00002063-00002690 How to easily find related terms online, and how to use them to search for scholarly sources.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00006-00002690-00003213 Now, lets say we're researching "race and voting rights in the United States".
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00007-00003213-00003846 For example, if we type it into Google, we get a whole lot of results, many of which aren't the most useful. 
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00008-00003846-00004266 When we type it into the library's search box, our results are limited.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00009-00004266-00004610 We need to strategize by eliminating unnecessary words
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00010-00004610-00004936 Such as, "and," "in," and "the"
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00011-00004936-00005250 And finding synonyms for our most important keywords.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00012-00005250-00005503 That is, words that mean the same thing. 
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00013-00005503-00005620 Why is this?
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00014-00005620-00005973 Search engines don't understand context like we do.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00015-00005973-00006183 Authors might use a variety of terms 
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00016-00006183-00006613 Such as "poltician," "representative," or "elected official," 
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00017-00006613-00006823 Which essentially mean the same thing,
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00018-00006823-00007206 But a search engine only recognizes words exactly as we type them.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00019-00007206-00007696 A search for "race" might not give us articles which contain the word "racism". 
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00020-00007696-00008196 And a search for "African American" might exclude articles which use the term "Black" instead.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00021-00008196-00008936 And a search for voting rights will not account for important related terms, such as "gerrymandering" or "disenfranchisement".
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00022-00008936-00009526 We need to strategize, by anticipating related terms, like "right to vote," or "suffrage,"
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00023-00009526-00009953 Historic terms, such as "Fifteenth Amendment," or "Voting Rights Act,"
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00024-00009953-00010513 And other potentially relevant keywords: for example, "discrimination," or "poll taxes."
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00025-00010516-00011090 This opens up our options, and increases our chances of finding sources which meet our needs.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00026-00011090-00011583 So, let's take our research topic of "race and voting rights in the United States,"
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00027-00011586-00011816 Isolate the most important search terms,
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00028-00011816-00012070 In this case: "race," and "voting rights,"
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00029-00012070-00012393 And brainstorm some relevant, related keywords. 
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00030-00012393-00012806 For the word "race," for example, we might choose "racial," or "racism," 
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00031-00012806-00013269 "Minority," or "minorities," "marginalized," "Black," "African American,"
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00032-00013269-00013686 "Latino," "Latina," "Latinx," or "Asian American."
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00033-00013686-00014040 And, for "voting rights," we might choose "vote," or "voter,"
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00034-00014040-00014500 "Election," "enfranchisement," or "suffrage." Let's also think of terms
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00035-00014500-00014980 Which reflect a specific angle of our topic: for example, "voter ID,"
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00036-00014980-00015236 "Voting Rights Act," or "redistricting." 
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00037-00015236-00015763 One useful strategy is to pull up an article in Wikipedia, for example
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00038-00015763-00016003 Or from an authoritative news outlet
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00039-00016003-00016626 And look for terms they use, in addition to relevant laws, events, etc.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00040-00016626-00016996 Now that we've considered some alternatives to our original keywords
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00041-00016996-00017386 We can start entering combinations of those terms into the search box [Typing keywords into an advanced search on library website]
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00042-00017386-00017753 It will likely take us more than one search to find the articles we need.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00043-00017753-00018276 However, this approach puts us in a good position to find sources relevant to our topic
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00044-00018276-00018740 Which might use slightly different words to arrive at the same meaning.
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00045-00018740-00019320 Need some one-on-one help with brainstorming keywords, or anything else related to your academic research?
+Rdp79yh9BYA-00046-00019320-00019620 Don't hesitate to ask a librarian.
+Re7S8lkdJ28-00000-00000000-00000200 “I appeal for cessation of hostilities, not because you are too exhausted to fight, but because war is bad in essence.”   ―Mahatma Gandhi.
+Re7S8lkdJ28-00001-00000642-00000842 The more money you spend on guns, the less money you spend on people! More weapons, less happiness; more guns, more misery!”   ―Mehmet Murat İldan.
+Re7S8lkdJ28-00002-00001308-00001508 “It’s time for us to turn to each other, not on each other.”   -Jesse Jackson.
+Re7S8lkdJ28-00003-00001704-00001897 . “We will not learn how to live together in peace by killing each other’s children.”   -Jimmy Carter.
+Re7S8lkdJ28-00004-00002094-00002291 . “We will not learn how to live together in peace by killing each other’s children.”   -Jimmy Carter.
+Re7S8lkdJ28-00005-00002648-00003035 . “We will not learn how to live together in peace by killing each other’s children.”   -Jimmy Carter.
+RiGySv7sw4g-00000-00000360-00000810 Hi folks... Welcome to two minute networking tips for business success.
+RiGySv7sw4g-00001-00000810-00001320 Leo here... I want to pose a question to you, "Are you being memorable?" Now you might
+RiGySv7sw4g-00002-00001334-00001709 say...What kind of question is that? What's that got to do with business networking?
+RiGySv7sw4g-00003-00001718-00002280 Well to tell you the truth... it goes back to the basic premise behind our identity
+RiGySv7sw4g-00004-00002280-00002889 in business... You see, the reality is... is if you're not remembered... Why should they
+RiGySv7sw4g-00005-00002889-00003393 remember your goods or services? Think about that for a moment... You need to find
+RiGySv7sw4g-00006-00003393-00003944 a way to create something of a persona... when you go networking. Find and build a
+RiGySv7sw4g-00007-00003944-00004383 reputation around an item or something that you can do on a regular basis that
+RiGySv7sw4g-00008-00004383-00004944 can be then linked to you... In my case it's easy... I'm bald... How can you miss that?
+RiGySv7sw4g-00009-00004944-00005276 Now there are a few bald guys running around... and there's plenty of those I
+RiGySv7sw4g-00010-00005276-00005561 meet from time to time in networking, but there's not too many with a
+RiGySv7sw4g-00011-00005561-00006021 combination of this bald head and a cheerful smile! Now that's not the only
+RiGySv7sw4g-00012-00006021-00006551 thing I'm remembered for... but the thing is... that's what people see first... and it's
+RiGySv7sw4g-00013-00006551-00007101 a good start... Now on the other hand people find other types of ways to do
+RiGySv7sw4g-00014-00007101-00007419 things... I've got a really good friend of mine who's an architect...
+RiGySv7sw4g-00015-00007419-00007926 lovely, lovely guy and he's developed a very, very interesting way to be
+RiGySv7sw4g-00016-00007926-00008415 remembered... because he's a pretty, pretty posh dresser... and he always wears these
+RiGySv7sw4g-00017-00008415-00008847 fancy bow ties... all different colors... all different sizes... and people always
+RiGySv7sw4g-00018-00008847-00009231 remember him... And they're a huge talking point.  Another good friend of mine who's
+RiGySv7sw4g-00019-00009231-00009612 a photographer always wears a hat... and you know something... you go to a
+RiGySv7sw4g-00020-00009612-00010035 networking function, and the first thing you want to see is him... and find out what
+RiGySv7sw4g-00021-00010035-00010427 sort of hat he's wearing this time around, and people remember him for it.
+RiGySv7sw4g-00022-00010427-00010956 The key to building something of a reputation and a persona, helps people
+RiGySv7sw4g-00023-00010956-00011397 anchor to you and your goods and service because of the things that you are
+RiGySv7sw4g-00024-00011397-00011874 remembered for... So think of a way that you can be remembered for, on a regular
+RiGySv7sw4g-00025-00011874-00012249 basis by the people you meet at networking functions... Ladies and
+RiGySv7sw4g-00026-00012249-00012606 gentlemen please understand, that this can be hugely beneficial to your
+RiGySv7sw4g-00027-00012606-00012938 business... because the better you're remembered... the better people will
+RiGySv7sw4g-00028-00012938-00013347 remember your goods and services... Cheers, Happy Networking and I look forward to
+RiGySv7sw4g-00029-00013347-00013637 talking to you again soon.
+RktPeP8ul2c-00000-00000500-00002500 Good afternoon! My name is Tuhy. I am known as Tuhy Pataxó. I am the founder of the organization Maré shantytown Mothers in Rio de Janeiro. Here in the village I am counselor of the Association of Indigenous Women, here Village Barra Velha.
+RktPeP8ul2c-00001-00002600-00004100 I want to talk to you the importance of the tecnoxamanismo meeting here in the village, which for us will be .... will be the exchange of knowledge, right? With our guests ...
+RktPeP8ul2c-00002-00004200-00005800 We will do activities only with women, women are not indigenous with indigenous women. These exchanges of knowledge, these activities will be in the forest, some in the forest elsewhere in the mangroves.
+RktPeP8ul2c-00003-00006648-00007600 We want to show to non-indigenous women the experience in the village in their normal life aswell. This is very important. And it is importante for us. The importance of the coming of you here, is that knowledge that you will bring to us.
+RktPeP8ul2c-00004-00007700-00008400 Things people here don't know you will bring this knowledge to the people here. And it's very important.
+RktPeP8ul2c-00005-00008600-00009800 I want to tell you we are waiting for you with open arms, right? For you come spend time here with us. We are waiting with open arms, you are welcome. We are waiting you.