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+N4TbZI9558A-00000-00000619-00000931 Greetings and welcome to the introduction to astronomy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00001-00000931-00001108 In this video, we're going to talk
+N4TbZI9558A-00002-00001108-00001312 about the Sun and very specifically
+N4TbZI9558A-00003-00001312-00001579 energy generation within the Sun.
+N4TbZI9558A-00004-00001579-00001972 So how does the Sun produce the massive amounts of energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00005-00001972-00002296 that it is able to put out into space?
+N4TbZI9558A-00006-00002296-00002458 So let's take a look and start off
+N4TbZI9558A-00007-00002458-00002968 with some of the early ideas and even just 100 years ago, this
+N4TbZI9558A-00008-00002968-00003214 was something hard to understand.
+N4TbZI9558A-00009-00003214-00003529 How was the Sun putting out all of this energy?
+N4TbZI9558A-00010-00003529-00003736 We knew that it could not be burning
+N4TbZI9558A-00011-00003736-00004109 in the traditional sense that we have here on Earth.
+N4TbZI9558A-00012-00004109-00004432 We talk about chemical reactions or chemical burning
+N4TbZI9558A-00013-00004432-00004687 as we burn wood or burn coal, even
+N4TbZI9558A-00014-00004687-00005053 if the Sun was a gigantic lump of coal that would only
+N4TbZI9558A-00015-00005053-00005345 last a few thousand years.
+N4TbZI9558A-00016-00005345-00005617 And already at that point, we knew that the Earth
+N4TbZI9558A-00017-00005617-00005911 was much older than that.
+N4TbZI9558A-00018-00005911-00006292 We also know that there is what we call
+N4TbZI9558A-00019-00006292-00006551 the conservation of energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00020-00006551-00006890 And that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
+N4TbZI9558A-00021-00006890-00007195 But it can change its form.
+N4TbZI9558A-00022-00007195-00007645 So we can convert energy from one form to another.
+N4TbZI9558A-00023-00007645-00007981 And that can be a way to convert for example
+N4TbZI9558A-00024-00007981-00008401 gravitational energy into heat energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00025-00008401-00008626 Now various ways of doing that, we do it
+N4TbZI9558A-00026-00008626-00008863 through burning things burning is one way
+N4TbZI9558A-00027-00008863-00009421 of changing forms of energy from a chemical potential energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00028-00009421-00009989 into a heat energy, for example, when we are burning coal.
+N4TbZI9558A-00029-00009989-00010350 But there are other forms of energy that we can use as well.
+N4TbZI9558A-00030-00010350-00010648 And let's take a look at some of those other ideas
+N4TbZI9558A-00031-00010648-00010786 that we had here.
+N4TbZI9558A-00032-00010786-00011248 And one was the idea of gravitational contraction
+N4TbZI9558A-00033-00011248-00011530 and this was looked at in the mid 1800s
+N4TbZI9558A-00034-00011530-00011908 by two scientists Kelvin and Helmholtz
+N4TbZI9558A-00035-00011908-00012256 and you may recognize Kelvin from our temperature scale
+N4TbZI9558A-00036-00012256-00012409 that we use.
+N4TbZI9558A-00037-00012409-00012640 And they suggested that the Sun could convert
+N4TbZI9558A-00038-00012640-00012958 gravitational energy into heat.
+N4TbZI9558A-00039-00012958-00013178 And this is what we use right now.
+N4TbZI9558A-00040-00013178-00013563 This is our understanding of why Saturn has excess heat.
+N4TbZI9558A-00041-00013563-00013869 And essentially what we mean is as something comped tracks
+N4TbZI9558A-00042-00013869-00014380 down and gets smaller, it has potential energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00043-00014380-00014638 because of its size because material
+N4TbZI9558A-00044-00014638-00014902 is out here around the edges.
+N4TbZI9558A-00045-00014902-00015280 And as we bring that material in closer to the center
+N4TbZI9558A-00046-00015280-00015691 it contracts and it converts potential energy energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00047-00015691-00016096 of position into kinetic energy energy of motion
+N4TbZI9558A-00048-00016096-00016258 as it moves down.
+N4TbZI9558A-00049-00016258-00016726 And then through friction that would convert energy into heat
+N4TbZI9558A-00050-00016726-00016873 and that would give us heat.
+N4TbZI9558A-00051-00016873-00017245 But explaining how we could get heat from the Sun.
+N4TbZI9558A-00052-00017245-00017446 Now it wouldn't have to be very large.
+N4TbZI9558A-00053-00017446-00017854 It's only needs to shrink by about 40 meters per year
+N4TbZI9558A-00054-00017854-00018194 to account for the amount of energy that we see.
+N4TbZI9558A-00055-00018194-00018331 And at that rate.
+N4TbZI9558A-00056-00018331-00018685 The change in size of the Sun would be unnoticeable.
+N4TbZI9558A-00057-00018685-00019051 We would not notice the chance on changing by a mere 40 meters
+N4TbZI9558A-00058-00019051-00019168 every year.
+N4TbZI9558A-00059-00019168-00019438 That would be an incredibly small change compared
+N4TbZI9558A-00060-00019438-00019690 to the entire size of the Sun.
+N4TbZI9558A-00061-00019690-00020026 And this would be sufficient to power the Sun
+N4TbZI9558A-00062-00020026-00020611 for 100 million years just by this gravitational contraction.
+N4TbZI9558A-00063-00020611-00021124 So that was great at the time it was larger than the estimated
+N4TbZI9558A-00064-00021124-00021265 age of the Earth.
+N4TbZI9558A-00065-00021265-00021640 We did not know that the or how old the Earth was at the time.
+N4TbZI9558A-00066-00021640-00022173 Now we know that the Earth is 4 and 1/2 billion years old.
+N4TbZI9558A-00067-00022173-00022437 And this is not sufficient.
+N4TbZI9558A-00068-00022437-00022698 So while gravitational contraction did likely
+N4TbZI9558A-00069-00022698-00022965 play a part in the early history of the Sun
+N4TbZI9558A-00070-00022965-00023310 when the Sun was forming and in the planets when
+N4TbZI9558A-00071-00023310-00023604 they collapsed, there is this is a method of energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00072-00023604-00024141 It is not how the Sun produces its energy today
+N4TbZI9558A-00073-00024141-00024348 in order to get our understanding of how
+N4TbZI9558A-00074-00024348-00024558 it produces energy today.
+N4TbZI9558A-00075-00024558-00025086 We can look at what Albert Einstein gave us in 1905.
+N4TbZI9558A-00076-00025086-00025521 And that was he found that mastery matter and energy are
+N4TbZI9558A-00077-00025521-00025822 just different forms of the same thing.
+N4TbZI9558A-00078-00025822-00026258 And we have his famous equation E=mc^2.
+N4TbZI9558A-00079-00026258-00027027 And what that tells us is that we can convert matter to energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00080-00027027-00027339 and we can convert energy into matter
+N4TbZI9558A-00081-00027339-00027775 that they can convert from one form to another.
+N4TbZI9558A-00082-00027775-00028116 And they are related by just this constant called
+N4TbZI9558A-00083-00028116-00028563 the speed of light and the speed of light is a very big number.
+N4TbZI9558A-00084-00028563-00029120 So what that means is if we take a very small amount of mass,
+N4TbZI9558A-00085-00029120-00029539 we multiply that small number by a very big number squared.
+N4TbZI9558A-00086-00029539-00029901 That gives us a very big change in the amount of energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00087-00029901-00030245 So what it tells us is that a very small amount of mass
+N4TbZI9558A-00088-00030245-00030663 can be converted into a very large amount of energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00089-00030663-00030966 So if we take an example here of just a paperclip
+N4TbZI9558A-00090-00030966-00031245 if we could take a paperclip converted completely
+N4TbZI9558A-00091-00031245-00031641 to energy that would be the equivalent of 15,000
+N4TbZI9558A-00092-00031641-00031851 barrels of oil.
+N4TbZI9558A-00093-00031851-00032133 Of course, we can't convert things that efficiently.
+N4TbZI9558A-00094-00032133-00032583 We have no way to convert a paperclip completely to energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00095-00032583-00032913 But just to give you the concept of how much energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00096-00032913-00033420 is contained just within the mass of an object.
+N4TbZI9558A-00097-00033420-00033574 So to try to understand this.
+N4TbZI9558A-00098-00033574-00033870 Let's take a look at what some of the elementary particles
+N4TbZI9558A-00099-00033870-00034284 are atoms, we know are made up of three things.
+N4TbZI9558A-00100-00034284-00034794 They are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
+N4TbZI9558A-00101-00034794-00035214 This is what we see on the left side of the diagram here.
+N4TbZI9558A-00102-00035214-00035541 We have negatively charged electrons here
+N4TbZI9558A-00103-00035541-00035868 we have positively charged protons and neutral neutron
+N4TbZI9558A-00104-00035868-00035997 neutrons.
+N4TbZI9558A-00105-00035997-00036276 But each of these has an anti-particle
+N4TbZI9558A-00106-00036276-00036402 that we see on the left.
+N4TbZI9558A-00107-00036402-00036607 So this is normal matter here.
+N4TbZI9558A-00108-00036933-00037260 On the left hand side and on the right,
+N4TbZI9558A-00109-00037260-00038167 we see anti-matter which includes anti-electrons,
+N4TbZI9558A-00110-00038167-00038479 anti-protons, and anti neutrons.
+N4TbZI9558A-00111-00038479-00038775 Anti electrons are also known as positrons.
+N4TbZI9558A-00112-00039065-00039261 They are exactly like an electron,
+N4TbZI9558A-00113-00039261-00039618 the only difference being them being the electrical charge.
+N4TbZI9558A-00114-00039618-00040031 They have the same mass other characteristics are the same.
+N4TbZI9558A-00115-00040031-00040286 But when matter and antimatter meet
+N4TbZI9558A-00116-00040286-00040676 we get the complete conversion of matter into energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00117-00040676-00041093 So an anti-proton meeting a proton they
+N4TbZI9558A-00118-00041093-00041247 would annihilate each other.
+N4TbZI9558A-00119-00041247-00041472 The mass would be completely gone.
+N4TbZI9558A-00120-00041472-00041753 And based on Einstein's equation that
+N4TbZI9558A-00121-00041753-00042116 would be completely converted into energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00122-00042116-00042311 We could take the mass of the proton
+N4TbZI9558A-00123-00042311-00042611 and the mass of the anti-proton add them together.
+N4TbZI9558A-00124-00042611-00042840 Multiply that by the speed of light squared.
+N4TbZI9558A-00125-00042840-00043118 And that would give us the amount of energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00126-00043118-00043625 that is created when two of those collide together.
+N4TbZI9558A-00127-00043625-00043808 Now one other elementary particle
+N4TbZI9558A-00128-00043808-00044304 we want to be able to understand is what we call the neutrino.
+N4TbZI9558A-00129-00044304-00044622 These were proposed to exist without ever having
+N4TbZI9558A-00130-00044622-00045030 been detected because it looked like some nuclear reactions
+N4TbZI9558A-00131-00045030-00045244 appeared to lose energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00132-00045244-00045723 And if we recall a conservation of energy says we cannot gain
+N4TbZI9558A-00133-00045723-00046029 or lose energy, although we can change forms.
+N4TbZI9558A-00134-00046029-00046278 So having another particle there, it
+N4TbZI9558A-00135-00046278-00046497 would be an interesting particle that
+N4TbZI9558A-00136-00046497-00046830 was very massless or very nearly massless
+N4TbZI9558A-00137-00046830-00047073 and it was a neutral particle.
+N4TbZI9558A-00138-00047073-00047400 So it didn't interact to electromagnetic interactions.
+N4TbZI9558A-00139-00047400-00047719 And it didn't even interact at all with regular matter.
+N4TbZI9558A-00140-00047719-00048351 It was very rarely interacting with any other material
+N4TbZI9558A-00141-00048351-00048615 any other material in space.
+N4TbZI9558A-00142-00048615-00048858 So neutrinos were proposed for this reason
+N4TbZI9558A-00143-00048858-00049116 and we'll see that they becoming very important
+N4TbZI9558A-00144-00049116-00049465 in our understanding of the Sun.
+N4TbZI9558A-00145-00049465-00049708 So let's look a little bit about what's happening here
+N4TbZI9558A-00146-00049708-00049915 in different types of nuclear reactions
+N4TbZI9558A-00147-00049915-00050215 before we look specifically at what our son is doing.
+N4TbZI9558A-00148-00050215-00050374 We have two types.
+N4TbZI9558A-00149-00050374-00050739 There is nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
+N4TbZI9558A-00150-00050739-00051227 Nuclear fission is what we use in nuclear reactors here.
+N4TbZI9558A-00151-00051227-00051775 So nuclear power plants on Earth use nuclear fission.
+N4TbZI9558A-00152-00051775-00052159 They take large atoms, such as uranium or plutonium
+N4TbZI9558A-00153-00052159-00052484 and split them apart into smaller atoms that
+N4TbZI9558A-00154-00052484-00052948 releases energy and gives off energy and can
+N4TbZI9558A-00155-00052948-00053248 be used to generate heat energy, which
+N4TbZI9558A-00156-00053248-00053587 can be converted into electrical energy that we use.
+N4TbZI9558A-00157-00053587-00053829 However, this is not useful for stars
+N4TbZI9558A-00158-00053829-00054166 because stars are not made up of uranium and plutonium they
+N4TbZI9558A-00159-00054166-00054647 are made of lighter elements, hydrogen and helium.
+N4TbZI9558A-00160-00054647-00054949 So remember that most almost all of the composition
+N4TbZI9558A-00161-00054949-00055303 of the Sun in the stars is all hydrogen and helium.
+N4TbZI9558A-00162-00055303-00055654 So this is what we use on Earth and the stars use
+N4TbZI9558A-00163-00055654-00055894 nuclear fusion, which fuse the light atoms
+N4TbZI9558A-00164-00055894-00056248 in particular hydrogen into heavier atoms.
+N4TbZI9558A-00165-00056248-00056599 Problem is how do we overcome the repulsive force
+N4TbZI9558A-00166-00056599-00056839 of two positive nuclei.
+N4TbZI9558A-00167-00056839-00057220 So if we have a hydrogen nucleus here with a positive charge
+N4TbZI9558A-00168-00057220-00057394 and we have another hydrogen nucleus
+N4TbZI9558A-00169-00057394-00057583 with the positive charge if they're
+N4TbZI9558A-00170-00057583-00057901 moving towards each other, then they
+N4TbZI9558A-00171-00057901-00058103 will not keep moving towards each other.
+N4TbZI9558A-00172-00058103-00058624 They're going to be pushed away by their electromagnetic force.
+N4TbZI9558A-00173-00058624-00059023 So how are they going to combine together
+N4TbZI9558A-00174-00059023-00059263 because are electromagnetic forces will
+N4TbZI9558A-00175-00059263-00059596 get stronger and stronger as they get closer together
+N4TbZI9558A-00176-00059596-00059902 and keep them from getting too close.
+N4TbZI9558A-00177-00059902-00060117 However, remember what temperature means
+N4TbZI9558A-00178-00060117-00060538 and temperature means very fast speeds.
+N4TbZI9558A-00179-00060538-00061024 If we have temperatures of about 10 to 15 million degrees then
+N4TbZI9558A-00180-00061024-00061321 they are moving fast enough that they can get close enough
+N4TbZI9558A-00181-00061321-00061767 together that they can actually bind together
+N4TbZI9558A-00182-00061767-00062062 before the electromagnetic force has a chance
+N4TbZI9558A-00183-00062062-00062227 to push them apart.
+N4TbZI9558A-00184-00062227-00062509 So in other words, we need two things to do this.
+N4TbZI9558A-00185-00062509-00062766 Not only do we need the very high temperatures
+N4TbZI9558A-00186-00062766-00062996 that exist at the center of the Sun,
+N4TbZI9558A-00187-00062996-00063196 but we also need very high densities
+N4TbZI9558A-00188-00063196-00063427 we need lots and lots of particles
+N4TbZI9558A-00189-00063427-00063748 close together in order to be able to get
+N4TbZI9558A-00190-00063748-00064024 these nuclear reactions to occur.
+N4TbZI9558A-00191-00064024-00064501 So let's look at how they work inside the Sun.
+N4TbZI9558A-00192-00064501-00064813 And what we see is that it what we use
+N4TbZI9558A-00193-00064813-00065122 is what is called the proton proton chain is how we believe
+N4TbZI9558A-00194-00065122-00065371 the Sun produces its energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00195-00065371-00065884 It is a net result, it is to fuse for hydrogen nuclei
+N4TbZI9558A-00196-00065884-00066109 into one helium nucleus.
+N4TbZI9558A-00197-00066109-00066379 However, this can't occur in one step that
+N4TbZI9558A-00198-00066379-00066871 would require four positive charges all meeting together
+N4TbZI9558A-00199-00066871-00067078 at the same time.
+N4TbZI9558A-00200-00067078-00067369 So you would have to get all of these in the same place
+N4TbZI9558A-00201-00067369-00067663 at the same time to try to fuse them together.
+N4TbZI9558A-00202-00067663-00067939 And that's just not going to happen even
+N4TbZI9558A-00203-00067939-00068110 at the temperatures and densities
+N4TbZI9558A-00204-00068110-00068410 that we have in the Sun.
+N4TbZI9558A-00205-00068410-00068779 So what we need to do is to do this in various steps.
+N4TbZI9558A-00206-00068779-00068941 In the first step, we want to look
+N4TbZI9558A-00207-00068941-00069400 at is to fuse two hydrogen nuclei together.
+N4TbZI9558A-00208-00069400-00069599 So instead of getting four together at once.
+N4TbZI9558A-00209-00069599-00069775 We just get two of them.
+N4TbZI9558A-00210-00069775-00069979 And when those two hydrogen nuclei
+N4TbZI9558A-00211-00069979-00070462 combine they combine together and they form another version
+N4TbZI9558A-00212-00070462-00070744 of hydrogen, we call deuterium.
+N4TbZI9558A-00213-00070744-00071113 It is deuterium is hydrogen because it has one proton.
+N4TbZI9558A-00214-00071113-00071309 But it also has a neutron.
+N4TbZI9558A-00215-00071309-00071594 So it is a heavier version of hydrogen,
+N4TbZI9558A-00216-00071594-00071909 and it also because of the charge has changed.
+N4TbZI9558A-00217-00071909-00072283 We had a charge of plus 2 here and plus 1 here.
+N4TbZI9558A-00218-00072283-00072496 We can't lose electrical charge.
+N4TbZI9558A-00219-00072496-00072847 Like mass and energy, charge has to be conserved.
+N4TbZI9558A-00220-00072847-00073189 So we also get this thing here, which
+N4TbZI9558A-00221-00073189-00073516 is called a positron or a piece of anti-matter that
+N4TbZI9558A-00222-00073516-00073738 forms inside the Sun.
+N4TbZI9558A-00223-00073738-00073999 So we have two positive charges coming out
+N4TbZI9558A-00224-00073999-00074320 two positive charges going in.
+N4TbZI9558A-00225-00074320-00074531 And in order to get the energy balance.
+N4TbZI9558A-00226-00074531-00074786 This is the neutrino that forms as well.
+N4TbZI9558A-00227-00074786-00075025 So this neutrino has to come out as well.
+N4TbZI9558A-00228-00075025-00075256 Just to keep everything balanced.
+N4TbZI9558A-00229-00075256-00075602 So the first step takes to hydrogen nuclei,
+N4TbZI9558A-00230-00075602-00075748 we get deuterium out of it.
+N4TbZI9558A-00231-00075748-00076022 We also get a positron, which will, of course,
+N4TbZI9558A-00232-00076022-00076264 immediately annihilate with an electron producing
+N4TbZI9558A-00233-00076264-00076665 energy and a neutrino.
+N4TbZI9558A-00234-00076665-00077230 Now when the next step of this what we get
+N4TbZI9558A-00235-00077230-00077539 is the deuterium nucleus here.
+N4TbZI9558A-00236-00077539-00077977 Now forms merges with another hydrogen nucleus
+N4TbZI9558A-00237-00077977-00078133 to form helium.
+N4TbZI9558A-00238-00078133-00078457 But this is not the ordinary helium that we see.
+N4TbZI9558A-00239-00078457-00078623 This is helium 3.
+N4TbZI9558A-00240-00078623-00079114 So it's a lighter version of helium with two protons and one
+N4TbZI9558A-00241-00079114-00079546 neutron normal helium would have two protons and two neutrons.
+N4TbZI9558A-00242-00079546-00079939 So we're getting the helium but it's not the final product yet.
+N4TbZI9558A-00243-00079939-00080281 This also gives off energy in the form of a gamma ray.
+N4TbZI9558A-00244-00080281-00080662 So it gives us a little bit more energy as well.
+N4TbZI9558A-00245-00080662-00080837 And then finally, in the last step,
+N4TbZI9558A-00246-00080837-00081091 we take two of these helium nuclei
+N4TbZI9558A-00247-00081091-00081499 combine them together - that forms the stable helium 4
+N4TbZI9558A-00248-00081499-00081985 nucleus, which is ordinary helium and two protons.
+N4TbZI9558A-00249-00081985-00082300 And these two protons go back out at high speeds
+N4TbZI9558A-00250-00082300-00082729 and begin the process all over again.
+N4TbZI9558A-00251-00082729-00082839 So it continues.
+N4TbZI9558A-00252-00082839-00083089 So what we've taken in net is we've
+N4TbZI9558A-00253-00083089-00083476 taken four hydrogen nuclei produced one helium
+N4TbZI9558A-00254-00083476-00084214 nucleus down here and produce some energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00255-00084214-00084541 So we've taken that for here four protons converted them
+N4TbZI9558A-00256-00084541-00084814 into helium and gotten some energy out of it.
+N4TbZI9558A-00257-00084814-00085285 Energy in terms of the positrons that formed that
+N4TbZI9558A-00258-00085285-00085513 annihilate and create energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00259-00085513-00085684 And in terms of the gamma rays that
+N4TbZI9558A-00260-00085684-00085930 form in some of these reactions.
+N4TbZI9558A-00261-00085930-00086125 So how does this give us energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00262-00086125-00086479 Why does this give us energy when this occurs.
+N4TbZI9558A-00263-00086479-00086919 And what we see is the difference
+N4TbZI9558A-00264-00086919-00087171 in the mass of the helium nucleus
+N4TbZI9558A-00265-00087171-00087354 and the mass of the hydrogen nuclei
+N4TbZI9558A-00266-00087354-00087795 that formed it is about little less than 1%
+N4TbZI9558A-00267-00087795-00088308 So we take that 1% of mass that is then converted to energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00268-00088308-00088740 by E equals mc squared.
+N4TbZI9558A-00269-00088740-00089103 So if we took one kilogram of hydrogen
+N4TbZI9558A-00270-00089103-00089451 would produce this large amount of energy,
+N4TbZI9558A-00271-00089451-00089868 a large number of joules of energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00272-00089868-00090144 and enough power one kilogram of hydrogen
+N4TbZI9558A-00273-00090144-00090465 would be able to provide the electric supply electric energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00274-00090465-00090954 of the US for two weeks just simply one kilogram of hydrogen
+N4TbZI9558A-00275-00090954-00091170 converted to helium would be able to provide
+N4TbZI9558A-00276-00091170-00091425 that much energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00277-00091425-00091587 Now there is another cycle that's
+N4TbZI9558A-00278-00091587-00091752 used for more massive stars.
+N4TbZI9558A-00279-00091752-00092220 We call CNO or the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen cycle.
+N4TbZI9558A-00280-00092220-00092503 It is not significant in things like the Sun,
+N4TbZI9558A-00281-00092503-00092871 but it does provide energy for more massive stars.
+N4TbZI9558A-00282-00092871-00093147 And it kind of uses carbon as an intermediary
+N4TbZI9558A-00283-00093147-00093366 to build the helium nucleus.
+N4TbZI9558A-00284-00093366-00093642 Essentially you start off with a carbon nucleus
+N4TbZI9558A-00285-00093642-00093984 and add protons to it and build that up
+N4TbZI9558A-00286-00093984-00094266 and into nitrogen and then into oxygen.
+N4TbZI9558A-00287-00094266-00094465 And then when you build get to a certain point,
+N4TbZI9558A-00288-00094465-00094749 it splits off the helium nucleus splits off
+N4TbZI9558A-00289-00094749-00094920 and you have the same net process
+N4TbZI9558A-00290-00094920-00095191 you have with the proton proton chain,
+N4TbZI9558A-00291-00095191-00095679 you're converting for hydrogen nuclei into one helium nucleus
+N4TbZI9558A-00292-00095679-00096045 and the carbon comes back to start the process again.
+N4TbZI9558A-00293-00096045-00096327 So the carbon is just used as the catalyst
+N4TbZI9558A-00294-00096327-00096618 and it's being built upon the carbon.
+N4TbZI9558A-00295-00096618-00096795 But the carbon in the long run just
+N4TbZI9558A-00296-00096795-00097124 remains right where it was.
+N4TbZI9558A-00297-00097124-00097361 So let's finish up with our summary
+N4TbZI9558A-00298-00097361-00097565 and what we've gone over this time
+N4TbZI9558A-00299-00097565-00097982 is certainly we talked about the puzzle of energy generation
+N4TbZI9558A-00300-00097982-00098103 in the Sun.
+N4TbZI9558A-00301-00098103-00098363 And it was solved by Einstein telling us
+N4TbZI9558A-00302-00098363-00098663 that there is a relationship between matter and energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00303-00098663-00098954 and that we can while we're not creating or destroying
+N4TbZI9558A-00304-00098954-00099305 energy we mass is just another form of energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00305-00099305-00099599 and we can convert mass to energy giving us
+N4TbZI9558A-00306-00099599-00099834 large amounts of energy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00307-00099834-00100166 The Sun produces energy by using the proton proton
+N4TbZI9558A-00308-00100166-00100616 chain, which is four hydrogen atoms in net
+N4TbZI9558A-00309-00100616-00100875 becoming one helium atom.
+N4TbZI9558A-00310-00100875-00101171 The mass difference between the hydrogen atoms
+N4TbZI9558A-00311-00101171-00101471 and the helium atom is converted fully to energy
+N4TbZI9558A-00312-00101471-00101672 by Einstein's equation.
+N4TbZI9558A-00313-00101672-00101996 And that going on consistently is sufficient to power
+N4TbZI9558A-00314-00101996-00102374 the Sun for 10 billion years.
+N4TbZI9558A-00315-00102374-00102800 So that concludes our lecture on solar energy generation.
+N4TbZI9558A-00316-00102800-00103127 We'll be back again next time for another topic in astronomy.
+N4TbZI9558A-00317-00103127-00103408 So until then, have a great day, everyone,
+N4TbZI9558A-00318-00103408-00103699 and I will see you in class.
+N4V3PhERo54-00000-00000088-00000560 I have been a victim of violence for two consecutive elections
+N4V3PhERo54-00001-00000632-00001464 and that made me think deeply on what we can do to have peaceful coexistence. So the main things
+N4V3PhERo54-00002-00001520-00002120 that I tackle in my peacebuilding work is basically peaceful coexistence and social cohesion
+N4V3PhERo54-00003-00002120-00002808 and gender-based violence using women and youth as the agent of peace. We have been able
+N4V3PhERo54-00004-00002808-00003447 to create gender desks in the police stations. We have had dialogues with the cultural custodians,
+N4V3PhERo54-00005-00003447-00003896 and we have peace committees and peace networks that meet monthly.
+N4V3PhERo54-00006-00004072-00004912 Kenya is a diverse country with so many cultures and Jayne's work brings cohesion to the country.
+N4V3PhERo54-00007-00005176-00005536 There is no peace without women because power,
+N4V3PhERo54-00008-00005536-00006072 gender and peace, they are very intimately connected.
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00000-00000516-00000796 Starting in 2007-2008
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00001-00000796-00001208 when the market has been fully covered
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00002-00001208-00001576 we realized, as the whole industry did,
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00003-00001576-00001916 i.e. Al Amana and its colleagues as well,
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00004-00001916-00002276 that the growth was nonetheless based on a number of
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00005-00002276-00002428 multiple loans.
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00006-00002428-00002636 For every institution
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00007-00002636-00003028 about 30% of the portfolio was made of clients who had
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00008-00003028-00003160 taken loans here and there
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00009-00003160-00003396 which incurred a potential risk for the future.
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00010-00003396-00003600 So starting in 2008
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00011-00003600-00004028 we tried to decrease multiple lending by setting up an internal
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00012-00004028-00004128 Credit bureau,
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00013-00004128-00004440 hosted at Al Amana, to which we and our competitors
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00014-00004440-00004592 would send data.
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00015-00004592-00005024 It enables to check whether a client is borrowing
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00016-00005024-00005192 from several institutions or not.
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00017-00005192-00005512 A number of data are sent to the credit bureau
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00018-00005512-00005660 on a weekly basis
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00019-00005660-00006200 by all institutions. The data cover the level of client
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00020-00006200-00006284 indebtedness,
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00021-00006284-00006748 and also specify which loans are healthy or delinquent.
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00022-00006748-00007044 Therefore we can estimate the client's
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00023-00007044-00007295 level of indebtedness and
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00024-00007295-00007536 creditworthiness.
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00025-00007536-00007908 Later, in 2011, a Credit bureau was set up
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00026-00007908-00008112 by Banque Al Maghrib which covers
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00027-00008112-00008436 data sent by the microfinance institutions as well as
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00028-00008436-00008884 by the banks. Thanks to both credit bureaus, multiple lending
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00029-00008884-00009116 is now under control.
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00030-00009116-00009404 Between 2008 and 2012 the proportion of multiple loans went down
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00031-00009404-00009760 from 30% to 10%,
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00032-00009760-00010116 and this proportion has remained more or less stable since 2011.
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00033-00010116-00010452 Now we consider that this proportion is incompressible,
+N5FVVpOU_Xg-00034-00010452-00010704 since the PAR level is doing well.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00000-00000379-00000658 Hi, my name is Dendi! Danil Ishutin!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00001-00000706-00000941 And this year was damn hard for me
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00002-00001023-00001267 I even had Covid. But this is not the main thing!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00003-00001327-00001571 A year ago I created an organisation. My organisation.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00004-00001865-00002162 I put together a team of tough guys who know how to play Dota.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00005-00002185-00002459 We trained a lot, but we have ... nothing came of it.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00006-00002492-00002805 The start, of course, turned out to be bad. I was a little upset.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00007-00002816-00003161 But in the end I did not despair. And gathered another team with tough guys
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00008-00003189-00003432 We trained even more. We even went to the LAN!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00009-00003443-00003682 But we failed again.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00010-00003694-00003919 Then I decided to collect team with foreigners!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00011-00003947-00004232 It was hard, but very, very fun.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00012-00004274-00004508 However ... we all ... lost ...
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00013-00004524-00004892 And then I thought I needed a cool coach to improve training!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00014-00004935-00005384 In general, I wrote only to the coolest. But the coolest ... refused.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00015-00005425-00005684 Am I desperate again? Take a bite.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00016-00005693-00005898 I put together a team of tough guys again
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00017-00005912-00006249 But now I've decided what I need to do thing that we didn't have before
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00018-00006271-00006551 Cool bootcamp!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00019-00008074-00008305 I've always dreamed of doing bootcamp in my city!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00020-00008322-00008522 And become the first to manage the bootcamp in Lviv
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00021-00008539-00008706 I found the apartment pretty quickly
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00022-00008771-00008958 I hung the most important thing on the wall
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00023-00009014-00009234 Read the most important book in history
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00024-00009315-00009489 Drew a macro plan on the board
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00025-00009505-00009704 After all, as you know, i'm good in Macro!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00026-00009724-00009978 I took my lovely laptop and started make a bootcamp by experience
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00027-00013154-00013409 damn waterboy
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00028-00013483-00013790 And, of course, I have not forgotten about ... teambuilding
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00029-00016986-00017114 Here I sit, for example
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00030-00017125-00017379 What's the main thing which nobody understands
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00031-00017397-00017556 In fact, there is Danya
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00032-00017613-00017966 And Dani has one more organ
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00033-00017996-00018170 which itself works
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00034-00018238-00018346 It's a leg!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00035-00018356-00018537 Danya is sitting, he seems to be all right
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00036-00018558-00018804 And the leg starts to do hard things
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00037-00018836-00018954 Twirls, twirls
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00038-00018972-00019231 I have nothing to do with it! She doing it by herself!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00039-00019263-00019523 Calm down, leg, hello! Well, these are the things
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00040-00019540-00019757 I'll do everything now, look. It will be beautiful!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00041-00019789-00020042 Hello everyone, guys. Long I have not seen you!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00042-00020051-00020203 I wanted to communicate with you
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00043-00020235-00020376 We haven't had podcasts for a long time
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00044-00020386-00020867 And now in this form I would like to tell what happened these two months
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00045-00020892-00021193 A lot of information about our team walks on the internet
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00046-00021205-00021762 And I would like to tell you about what was really going on
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00047-00021774-00022090 Over the past two months I got a great experience
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00048-00022101-00022334 I've never played with guys from South America
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00049-00022343-00022589 This is really the next level
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00050-00022606-00022845 The results, of course, are another story.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00051-00022852-00023202 But, nevertheless, there was a lot of funny things
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00052-00023252-00023532 Last year ended with roster changes
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00053-00023560-00023653 again
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00054-00023678-00024056 And for you it's probably looks like the same
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00055-00024063-00024313 But in reality it is not the same guys
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00056-00024328-00024657 Because every time we try something new really
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00057-00024669-00024956 Accordingly, choosing between the CIS and Europe
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00058-00025056-00025247 I considered different options
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00059-00025290-00025512 There were pretty good and strong options
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00060-00025525-00025831 There were good options where I I change to another position
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00061-00025838-00026016 I was absolutely ready for this
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00062-00026070-00026603 We talked to Beaver too, with both Nine and Reso
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00063-00026610-00026769 like 1000 negotiations
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00064-00026774-00027309 Then LeBron wrote to me: "Look there are guys from Brazil"
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00065-00027333-00027571 They now live in Kharkov
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00066-00027597-00027941 Then the same Brazilians they wrote to me too
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00067-00027959-00028593 We had two coaches in this squad. The one that came before them - Metrim
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00068-00028631-00028954 And the coach that the Brazilians had - Astini
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00069-00028974-00029245 In this composition, we did not last long
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00070-00029252-00029553 Because Metrim decided to move on
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00071-00029567-00030027 It can be understood. Work with two coaches from scratch are very difficult
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00072-00030041-00030650 Because everyone has their own vision and everyone wants to have management in the team
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00073-00030699-00030993 In January we have already started working with Astini
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00074-00031006-00031373 Astini was both coach and manager. He did absolutely all the work.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00075-00031378-00031572 He also drafted as a team.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00076-00031583-00031849 Until the end of January we were together
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00077-00031860-00032023 We even started to play the first season of DPC
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00078-00032033-00032359 We played the first game led by Astini
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00079-00032402-00032815 And right before we should gather in Lviv for a bootcamp
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00080-00032831-00033104 Astini decided not to go on bootcamp but to go home
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00081-00033139-00033587 They had some kind of small conflict. Burnt out guys a little
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00082-00033601-00034228 It is a pity that the long-term relationship is not continued in this direction
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00083-00034235-00034351 Although, in my opinion, they are still friends
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00084-00034353-00034461 and everything is great with them
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00085-00034468-00034837 In short, we were left without a coach. It was 2, now it is 0.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00086-00034884-00034989 It happens.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00087-00035006-00035385 After Astini left, no one could perform his job
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00088-00035399-00036052 He did a lot of preparatory work, draft, training and other work
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00089-00036085-00036339 We decided to make Duster captain
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00090-00036344-00037110 Since there are, firstly, three Brazilians. Secondly, I was tired of captaincy
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00091-00037128-00038025 I just wanted to play, concentrate on myself. This idea seemed good to me.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00092-00038068-00038335 But a long-term relationship we failed to line up
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00093-00038342-00038758 After all, the guys have been in Ukraine for six months already. They are very tired
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00094-00038802-00039002 And we didn't have the best results
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00095-00039017-00039342 And after the first season ended
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00096-00039354-00039756 The guys decided to leave. Two of them went home. One to Europe
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00097-00039767-00040019 I really believed that we can do it.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00098-00040104-00040340 We have progressed, but very slowly
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00099-00040451-00040912 Here are even the last two games on Snow tournament, you saw we won
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00100-00040931-00041224 But the guys were already on their suitcases and ready to go home
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00101-00041253-00041621 And at the same time we smashed our rivals
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00102-00041631-00042103 So that's it. The guys decided to leave and we began to think about what to do next
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00103-00042128-00042663 How to keep moving. We had slot in the closed qualifiers on that moment
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00104-00042766-00043065 And TCA and I took decision to look for new players
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00105-00043143-00043574 Without hesitation, we saw that Hustlers have some kind of kipesh
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00106-00043580-00043740 I decided to immediately write to the guys
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00107-00043791-00044120 We talked to Nofear and decided that we have
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00108-00044123-00044482 the similar vision and we we can build something
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00109-00044547-00045179 Then we began to consider various options for carry and offlane
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00110-00045196-00045864 And Nofear suggested Watson. They are played together in Hustlers before
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00111-00045931-00046206 Although we also considered other guys
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00112-00046231-00046443 But Nofear said Watson is a genius
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00113-00046460-00046813 After that we started to think who to take to offlane
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00114-00046846-00047258 We contacted Fogas, played a little together, even made an announcement
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00115-00047303-00047703 But we quickly realized that we were not suitable each other and fled
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00116-00047734-00048129 And began to look further for a player on the offlane
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00117-00048135-00048462 And then we stumbled upon Yaroslav with the nickname "Time to Nowhere"
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00118-00048467-00048738 Perfect nickname for our teams, as you understand
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00119-00048765-00048954 Guys, will you ask about Seryoga TSA?
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00120-00048980-00049252 Yes, Seryoga is simply the best. What is there to talk about
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00121-00049285-00049497 And such a team gathered
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00122-00049509-00049995 Guys, I understand that our results look like so that you can just twist at the temple
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00123-00050003-00050244 Even Mom says to me: "Well when will this all end? "
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00124-00050286-00050713 Asks me to pick u know who and gives me this
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00125-00050724-00050965 I already wake up with this in the morning
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00126-00051098-00051516 In general, people don't understand why people come, but the results are the same
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00127-00051535-00051795 I would say that our the main problem is
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00128-00051797-00052046 that we're not playing to win but in order not to lose
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00129-00052056-00052406 And now we're trying work on it
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00130-00052417-00052642 And it really takes time
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00131-00052655-00053150 How KingR sayst: "This famous acidification from B8 "
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00132-00053173-00053774 And when I watch replays, I understand that in sane mind this cannot happen
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00133-00053797-00054146 However, it is very rare there are situations when ...
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00134-00054195-00054535 When everything is in the team came up to each other, all players agreed
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00135-00054571-00054818 And this team fires. These are very rare situations.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00136-00054847-00055248 As a rule, you need to spend long and difficult work,
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00137-00055250-00055660 to grow to a certain level
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00138-00055680-00055826 And there are many such examples
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00139-00055853-00056293 Where because of a long relationship teams grow cool teams
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00140-00056299-00056730 For example, Liquid or Vikings
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00141-00056742-00057032 Many people accuse me of being overly joyful and positive
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00142-00057038-00057298 That's the kind of person I am, guys, I'm sorry
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00143-00057325-00058019 And in principle, little will change and hardly will something break me besides myself
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00144-00058060-00058314 Despite the fact that I playing on midlane
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00145-00058317-00058583 for 80,000 years and I lose by any matchups
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00146-00058603-00058763 So I'll keep playing anyway
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00147-00058773-00059029 I have to play pos5 for  80,000 years too
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00148-00059035-00059383 I will try to play with those people who are ready to go forward with me
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00149-00059423-00059731 And play for those people who support me
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00150-00059769-00060163 I wanted to say a lot thanks to the cyberzone from Lviv
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00151-00060175-00060541 For helping us with computers at the bootcamp. Computers are cool
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00152-00060584-00060930 I advise everyone, guys, to go there to play
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00153-00060957-00061474 I also want to thank HyperX for these incredible devices
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00154-00061485-00061785 In principle, we are already almost like robots playing
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00155-00061797-00062338 Wireless mice, wireless headphones. Contactless battle with enemies.
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00156-00062359-00062683 We kill them with the power of thought. HyperX is ​​a cannon!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00157-00062727-00063260 And also wanted to thank everyone guys who support us
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00158-00063274-00063945 Who write positive things on our social networks
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00159-00063955-00064270 You guys are handsome! AND in tiktok, by the way, too!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00160-00064335-00064971 Great respect to all of you, my heart! Here it is, look!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00161-00065027-00065265 I hug everyone! Well done!
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00162-00065599-00065718 Do you see this guy?
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00163-00065728-00066088 I can tell you such stories about him ...
+N5XJ_KkTdTc-00164-00066104-00066308 There will be a brain rupture, i swear
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00000-00000048-00000346 Rob Knight: Thanks, Michelle, and I should be able to
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00001-00000346-00000446 rise to the challenge.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00002-00000446-00000811 I am from New Zealand originally, and we're allegedly among the world's fastest nation
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00003-00000811-00001148 of English speakers, so guess we'll be putting that to the test.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00004-00001148-00001709 Anyway, so what I am going to talk about is how we can move from these association patterns,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00005-00001709-00002440 many of which are intriguing but only suggestive to ideas more about causation of the mechanism,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00006-00002440-00002996 and as has been -- as I've seen over and over again and today, there's a tremendous amount
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00007-00002996-00003307 of diversity in the microbiome between different subjects.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00008-00003307-00003802 So in this 2005 paper from Dave Robenslab [spelled phonetically], you see a lot bands
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00009-00003802-00004348 that are unique to the groups and samples from the individual subjects A, B, and C.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00010-00004348-00004910 We confirmed this with Jeff Gordon's group, and in the study of leading [spelled phonetically]
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00011-00004910-00005326 obese twins, where we see this very large phylum-level differences between different
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00012-00005326-00005884 individuals, and MetaHIT's seen the same thing in other populations; even the species they
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00013-00005884-00006393 define as core vary in abundance by orders of magnitude between different people, so
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00014-00006393-00006844 anything that makes up 10 percent of the microbiome in one person, is as rare as one cell in 10,000
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00015-00006844-00007103 in other people.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00016-00007103-00007511 And, of course, the HMP has extended this to other body sites, so, say, Curtis showed
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00017-00007511-00008000 you some of this data before covered by bacterial genus, where essentially, even in one body
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00018-00008000-00008515 site, any genus that you find a lot of in some people is very rare in others.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00019-00008515-00008971 So this leads us to some of the key questions in the field.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00020-00008971-00009386 We need to be able to figure out what aspects of this diversity actually matter, right?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00021-00009386-00009824 So all this diversity, are we seeing these differences because they do matter or because
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00022-00009824-00009961 they don't matter?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00023-00009961-00010347 How can you tell cause from effect, right?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00024-00010347-00010912 So which of the differences you see between individuals are causes of, as opposed to consequences
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00025-00010912-00011194 of, the phenotypes that they differ in?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00026-00011194-00011595 And then, finally, a lot of people want to know how they can leverage large existing
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00027-00011595-00012075 investments in data sets, such as the HMP data set, that have cost millions of dollars
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00028-00012075-00012306 and could really complement their studies.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00029-00012306-00012547 So let us get through these one by one.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00030-00012547-00013050 So let us start with this first question: How can I tell what aspects of diversity matter?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00031-00013050-00013472 So, as I have been hearing throughout the conference, there are a lot of reasons why
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00032-00013472-00013856 you should care about your microbes, and I just picked out a few of my favorite stories
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00033-00013856-00013956 here.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00034-00013956-00014408 Apparently, they just had one whether Tylenol is toxic to your liver.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00035-00014408-00014765 Pete Turnbaugh is going to talk more about drug interactions, and then Lou Cassell [spelled
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00036-00014765-00015173 phonetically], one of my students who has been working with Pete, has a poster on that
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00037-00015173-00015484 as well if you want to hear more about drug effects.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00038-00015484-00015881 In drosophila, at least, they have discovered mate preferences; this hasn't yet been established
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00039-00015881-00016163 in humans, but maybe it's just a matter of time.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00040-00016163-00016562 This [unintelligible] for brain access stuff going on, and it turns out that your anecdotal
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00041-00016562-00016984 experiences of camping are true: Different people really are tenfold differentially attractive
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00042-00016984-00017643 to mosquitoes, and what they are zooming in on is basically VOCs produced by your skin
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00043-00017643-00017743 microbes.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00044-00017743-00018204 But to get to these stories, what you have to start with is a whole lot of sequence data
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00045-00018204-00018776 and phylogenetic trees, so what I am showing you here is just the first nine out of 137,000
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00046-00018776-00019078 sequences from a study that we did recently with Noah Ferro's [spelled phonetically] group.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00047-00019078-00019517 He has a piece of the phylogenetic tree file, and he has some visualization of the tree,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00048-00019517-00019862 and you can just tell immediately that you've really got your work cut out for you here,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00049-00019862-00019962 right?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00050-00019962-00020187 It doesn't help you that much if I tell you the study design.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00051-00020187-00020546 We were looking at biogeography, but not on the grand scale of Darwin, and Wallace, and
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00052-00020546-00020995 the other 19th century explorers who mapped macro organisms across the earth, but being
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00053-00020995-00021534 microbiologists, we did it on a smaller scale, so we looked at computer keyboards, and initially,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00054-00021534-00021898 the idea was, you know, does the space bar have more kinds of microbes simply because
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00055-00021898-00022016 it is larger than the other keys?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00056-00022016-00022515 Or the keys where a few microbes survive, compared to the lush valleys of your fingerprints,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00057-00022515-00022617 and so on.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00058-00022617-00023120 So, anyway, another view of the same data makes the main things going on immediately
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00059-00023120-00023741 clear, so now each point represents an entire microbial community, either from a key or
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00060-00023741-00023841 from a fingertip.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00061-00023841-00024260 And if I color them by person, you see the first, the second and the third person, all
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00062-00024260-00024681 their keys and all their fingertips clustered together, whereas if I color the points by
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00063-00024681-00025148 what's key, and blue versus a fingertip in red, you see no separation.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00064-00025148-00025523 So you can tell immediately that each of us has a unique skin community we transfer from
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00065-00025523-00025748 our fingertips to our keyboards as we type.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00066-00025748-00026229 As part of the same study, we showed we can match the palm of the hand up to the computer
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00067-00026229-00026548 mouse someone uses with up to 95 percent accuracy.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00068-00026548-00026947 So those came out in PNAS a couple of years ago, but more importantly, it was on "CSI
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00069-00026947-00027222 Miami," so you really know it is true.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00070-00027222-00027322 [laughter]
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00071-00027322-00027439 So how do we do this?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00072-00027439-00027844 Well, so, Greg Capray [spelled phonetically], so, and a number of others who are at my lab
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00073-00027844-00028310 at the moment, Greg's here at the meeting in the second row, developed this pipeline
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00074-00028310-00028810 called "Chime," which sends quantitative insights into microbial ecology, which, like the tools
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00075-00028810-00029407 Curtis showed you, make it much, much easier to integrate analysis from hundreds of samples
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00076-00029407-00029532 together.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00077-00029532-00029927 And what I am going to show you in this talk is essentially all [unintelligible] data,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00078-00029927-00030387 although the same tools work for metagenomic data, and other multi-omic data as well, and
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00079-00030387-00030889 basically it provides a complete pipeline from sample -- so once you have sequenced
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00080-00030889-00031345 the samples, basically it takes the data right off the instrument, performs a whole bunch
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00081-00031345-00031749 of statistical analyses, and then winds up with pictures and statistics that you can
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00082-00031749-00031899 tell these stories about.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00083-00031899-00032413 So this lets us start getting at the effect size of different phenomena, so, for example,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00084-00032413-00033081 when we reanalyze 2005 data, what we are looking at here is six sites along the distal gut
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00085-00033081-00033374 from three different subjects, plus an matched stool sample.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00086-00033374-00033755 And when I color those by subject, you see all the samples from the same subject clustered
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00087-00033755-00033887 together nicely.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00088-00033887-00034299 If I color them by site, you can see the stool is often offset, but the distance between
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00089-00034299-00034837 the stool and the other samples from the same subject is less than the difference between
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00090-00034837-00034937 subjects, right?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00091-00034937-00035352 So we can tell this technical variability is less important than the biological variability
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00092-00035352-00035471 that we are hoping to uncover.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00093-00035471-00035941 This will be a recurring theme throughout the talk.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00094-00035941-00036277 So Les Costello [spelled phonetically], who was in my lab at the time, now working with
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00095-00036277-00036799 Dave, and as you have seen a couple of times already, put together this first overall map,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00096-00036799-00037183 and the reason I am showing this again, because you have seen it several times today, is just
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00097-00037183-00037674 to point out that we can use this kind of display to figure out which variables are
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00098-00037674-00037974 important and which aren't important in the same date set.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00099-00037974-00038414 So what you can see immediately here is a lot of clustering by body sites, so the mouth
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00100-00038414-00038744 and the gut are very distinct from the skin, for example.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00101-00038744-00039217 When we take the same samples and color them by person -- sorry, color them by sex, or
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00102-00039217-00039800 by person, or by day, you see much less separation by those variables, although antibiotics have
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00103-00039800-00040272 a large enough effect to be visible, even on the scale of different human body sites.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00104-00040272-00040930 And so we can use this kind of thing to start putting in explicit scale using the distances
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00105-00040930-00041132 between microbial community samples.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00106-00041132-00041639 So here a bigger bar means greater distance, so two samples from the same body have a tad
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00107-00041639-00041941 less different than two from the same habitat.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00108-00041941-00042383 Within a habitat, two from the same person are less different from two different people.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00109-00042383-00042937 Then within a person of the habitat, two samples a day apart are less different from two three
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00110-00042937-00043037 months apart.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00111-00043037-00043381 Then the mouth was the most stable habitat we looked at, the skin the least stable, and
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00112-00043381-00043528 the gut in between.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00113-00043528-00043897 But this is kind of frustrating with a handful of time points, right, because what you'd
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00114-00043897-00044158 really like to do is you'd really like to do is you'd really like to go to some of the
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00115-00044158-00044688 same -- what you'd really like to do is you'd like to figure out dynamics as, again, we've
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00116-00044688-00044889 heard several times already during the meeting.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00117-00044889-00045281 And so this is a viewer we use for this, and so the gut's down there, the mouth's over
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00118-00045281-00045381 there, and so forth.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00119-00045381-00045934 If I rotate the surround to give you an explicit access for time, you can kind of see the three-month
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00120-00045934-00046034 separation.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00121-00046034-00046159 You can't see the one day intervals.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00122-00046159-00046521 And it looks like there might be some changes, but it's kind of hard to figure out what they
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00123-00046521-00046621 are.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00124-00046621-00046983 So what you'd really like to do is go back to some of the same people, as Dave mentioned
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00125-00046983-00047370 earlier, sample them every single day for like a year and a half.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00126-00047370-00047903 So with the switch from 454 to Illumina, we can afford to do that, and it looks like that,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00127-00047903-00048355 and the correlation between the 454 and the Illumina data is really nice, right?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00128-00048355-00048810 So the difference between platforms is a lot less than the difference between body sites.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00129-00048810-00049381 And so when you have data that's dense, Greg and Antonio figured out how to process it
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00130-00049381-00049790 and animate it, so what we are doing now is we are using the Costello et al data frame,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00131-00049790-00050273 all these little points, then we are looking at an animation, each frame is one day over
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00132-00050273-00050762 six months of two people's skin, mouth, and gut communities.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00133-00050762-00051300 And so you can just immediately see how variable the skin is, how static the mouth is, and
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00134-00051300-00051622 how the gut's intermediate.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00135-00051622-00051977 So this is all kind of fun but you might wonder can you do the same thing for something that
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00136-00051977-00052189 is actually clinically relevant.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00137-00052189-00052699 And so with Alex Khoruts and Mike Sadowsky, we just recently did the same sort of thing
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00138-00052699-00053070 for clostridium difficile infection.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00139-00053070-00053807 And so what we are looking at here is a bunch of samples from C. diff patients, a bunch
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00140-00053807-00054229 of samples from healthy subjects, and what we are about to look at is the results of
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00141-00054229-00054458 fecal microbiotic transplant.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00142-00054458-00055041 And so what you can see is almost immediately the subjects receiving FMT wind up much more
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00143-00055041-00055537 towards the healthy distribution, and they bounce around within that healthy distribution,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00144-00055537-00056051 but they maintain that healthy state for the four weeks that they were followed in this
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00145-00056051-00056151 animation.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00146-00056151-00056707 And so this prospect for being able to track in a very detailed way changes in the microbiota
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00147-00056707-00057152 associated with health and disease now exists with access to higher-throughput sequencing
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00148-00057152-00057257 and more samples.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00149-00057257-00057652 And you can imagine building an index that would be useful for clinicians to track this
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00150-00057652-00058723 kind of properly, and to ask how stable do you stay in the healthy state after FMT.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00151-00058723-00059099 So this might lead you to wonder where our microbes come from in the first place, and
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00152-00059099-00059526 if you have dogs or kids as I do, you probably have some dark suspicions about that, all
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00153-00059526-00059879 of which it turns out are completely true, by the way, so we can match up people to their
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00154-00059879-00060294 pets pretty accurately, according to the microbes they share as well.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00155-00060294-00060779 And with Maria Gloria Dominguez who is going to be speaking as a keynote tomorrow, so I
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00156-00060779-00061244 won't say too much about this, we were able to show that baby's first microbes depend
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00157-00061244-00061687 very heavily on delivery mode, so, basically, if you're delivered the regular way, all of
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00158-00061687-00062127 your microbes resemble the vaginal microbiota; if you delivered by C-section, all of you
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00159-00062127-00062308 microbes look like skin.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00160-00062308-00062787 And so fascinatingly, despite the very high degree of differentiation in adult body sites
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00161-00062787-00063210 that you've heard about several times during this meeting -- so here are some others, mouth,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00162-00063210-00063687 then the mother's vaginal samples in red over here, and skin samples in dark blue -- the
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00163-00063687-00064117 baby body habitats, at least initially, are not differentiated.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00164-00064117-00064629 And so you can see that all of the body habitats from all the vaginal babies cluster with the
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00165-00064629-00065088 vaginal samples, then all the body habitats from all the C-section babies cluster with
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00166-00065088-00065301 the skin samples from all of the mothers.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00167-00065301-00065612 So again we get the scale of effect size.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00168-00065612-00066141 And as I think Ruth mentioned, we can also start to understand how the microbiome develops
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00169-00066141-00066849 in infants, so we see what looks on this scale like a very steady progression from the meconium
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00170-00066849-00067206 towards the mother over the first two and a half years of life.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00171-00067206-00067610 That's coupled with a steady increase in diversity, although all you can really see on this part
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00172-00067610-00068041 is change and resemblance to the mother's stool is how to tell what is going on, and
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00173-00068041-00068306 I will return to this later.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00174-00068306-00068650 We can also do the same sort of thing across cultures, which I'm basically going to skip
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00175-00068650-00068794 since Dave went through it.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00176-00068794-00069323 I do want to make the point that we converge on very different end points between Americans
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00177-00069323-00069657 versus Amerindian and Malawian populations.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00178-00069657-00070067 And in this context, it's important to remember that the HMP, despite the fact that it's a
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00179-00070067-00070554 very valuable project, only covers the start of human diversity, right, it's only looking
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00180-00070554-00071091 at Western adults who are healthy; that's all the rest of the space of possible microbial
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00181-00071091-00071417 configuration sort of does not yet cover.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00182-00071417-00071836 And so what we are starting to do at the moment is to cover the rest of the diversity by crowd
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00183-00071836-00072118 funding with projects like American Gut.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00184-00072118-00072473 And so what is exciting about this is it gives members of the general public the ability
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00185-00072473-00072962 to participate directly in microbiome research, and so it's generated an enormous amount of
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00186-00072962-00073099 excitement by this point.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00187-00073099-00073606 This is Daniel McDonald of my lab handing out kits at the PGP meeting earlier this year.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00188-00073606-00074124 So we've raised about a half million dollars, had about 6,000 people sign up.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00189-00074124-00074627 We have had 1,200 kits returned, including about 400 samples from participants in the
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00190-00074627-00075180 Personal Genome Project who either have or will have their complete genome sequenced.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00191-00075180-00075714 But you can imagine how spectacular this will be with tens or hundreds of thousands of samples,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00192-00075714-00076200 with a really detailed census of what kinds of microbes are out there, linked to all kinds
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00193-00076200-00076468 of different conditions.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00194-00076468-00076989 So this leads us to this critical question: How can I tell which of this diversity matters
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00195-00076989-00077351 in a sense that's going to allow us to tell cause from effect?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00196-00077351-00077922 And so there's a sense that we should be establishing causality with Koch's postulates.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00197-00077922-00078495 Basically, the idea that you find the microbe in sick individuals, you isolate it, then
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00198-00078495-00078832 you reintroduce it into healthy individuals and make them sick, and then you get it back
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00199-00078832-00079024 out of the healthy individuals.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00200-00079024-00079577 But even Koch didn't believe his own postulates, right, because even as far back as when he
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00201-00079577-00080124 was doing this original work, he noticed that a lot of subjects were asymptomatic carriers
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00202-00080124-00080298 of what we think of as pathogens.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00203-00080298-00080826 This was reinforced by the HMP work on pathogen carriage, where a lot of alleged pathogens,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00204-00080826-00081126 in fact, are prevalent in the healthy population.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00205-00081126-00081682 So, obviously, your IRB is not going to let you try to do Koch's postulates in humans,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00206-00081682-00082080 but we can use mice, and one thing that has been especially effective has been the use
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00207-00082080-00082558 of an gnotobiotic isolators, so these are the ones in Jeff Gordon's lab at Wash U, which
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00208-00082558-00082768 I'll describe some research from.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00209-00082768-00083198 We also collaborate with a number of other gnotobiotic facilities around the country.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00210-00083198-00083561 So basically, you're growing the mice in a bubble with no microbes of their own.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00211-00083561-00084163 You can then introduce a defined microbial community from a person for specific strains.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00212-00084163-00084342 So do these differences matter?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00213-00084342-00084798 Well, in mouse models they matter a lot, and so these are the ob/ob leptin mutant mice
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00214-00084798-00085291 that have a defect in an appetite hormone, so they're much heavier than a regular mouse.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00215-00085291-00085936 They also have a profound shift in the ratio of two of the major groups in the gut: the
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00216-00085936-00086211 firmicutes and the bacteroidetes.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00217-00086211-00086712 Now just from this data alone, you can't tell whether that shift in the community is a cause
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00218-00086712-00087168 or an effect of the obesity, but in additional work in Jeff's lab, what they did was they
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00219-00087168-00087792 took fecal pellets from the leptin mutant, and transplanted it to a genetically-normal
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00220-00087792-00088213 mouse with no microbes of its own, and found that that genetically-normal mouse gained
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00221-00088213-00088692 weight substantially faster than an equivalent mouse that was inoculated with fecal pellets
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00222-00088692-00089151 from the normal mouse, showing that you could transmit the adiposity phenotype by transverting
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00223-00089151-00089289 the microbes.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00224-00089289-00089689 And more recently with Andrew Gowitz' [spelled phonetically] group, we looked at a different
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00225-00089689-00090262 mouse model, the TLR5 knockouts, that are unable to -- that are unable to make toll-like
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00226-00090262-00090622 receptor 5, which normally recognizes bacterial flagellum.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00227-00090622-00091052 And so again, you see an obesity phenotype, you see larger fat pads in males and females,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00228-00091052-00091586 high triglycerides, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and again, you see this profound
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00229-00091586-00092091 alteration in the microbiome between the knockouts and the wild types.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00230-00092091-00092657 And again, you can transmit it to a genetically-normal mouse by transmitting the microbiota.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00231-00092657-00093079 What's fascinating here, though, is that instead of an energy balance phenotype, which is what
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00232-00093079-00093704 it appears to be in the ob/ob mutants, and the TLR5 knockouts, if you do bone colorimetry
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00233-00093704-00093992 [spelled phonetically] on the fecal pellets, what you find is the same amount of energy
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00234-00093992-00094094 left behind.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00235-00094094-00094538 And fascinatingly, what's going on instead is that it seems to be a behavioral phenotype.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00236-00094538-00095101 So the TLR5 knockouts eat more than a regular mouse does; additionally, germ-free mice that
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00237-00095101-00095500 receive the TLR5 knockout community also eat more than a regular mouse.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00238-00095500-00095895 So Andrew found that you can cure them with antibiotics, or you can cure them by putting
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00239-00095895-00096220 in their cage the amount of food a normal mouse would eat.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00240-00096220-00096918 And so, just as a reminder, we've got about 10 times as many microbial cells as we have
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00241-00096918-00097143 our own cells associated with our bodies.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00242-00097143-00097436 And we have this cartoon commotion [spelled phonetically] to reinforce the point that
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00243-00097436-00098029 perhaps they're outvoting you when it comes time to make choices in the cafeteria line.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00244-00098029-00098576 You might be wondering if these results extend to humans, so some work that Ruth and Pete
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00245-00098576-00098898 did when they were in Jeff's lab suggests that perhaps they do.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00246-00098898-00099617 So subjects on a fat-restricted or carbohydrate-restricted diet for a year started to resemble lean subjects
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00247-00099617-00099786 more microbially.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00248-00099786-00100308 And fascinatingly, Dan Knight, who is now working for Ramnik Xavier, showed when he
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00249-00100308-00100842 was in my lab that you could actually classify people as lean or obese with 90 percent accuracy
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00250-00100842-00101011 using their microbiome.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00251-00101011-00101350 So this might not seem like a very impressive test, given how accurately you can do it with
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00252-00101350-00101866 a mirror and a set of bathroom scales, right, but it does establish the plausibility that
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00253-00101866-00102062 microbes are involved in the mechanism.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00254-00102062-00102463 And what is interesting in this context is that if you take all the genes ever identified
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00255-00102463-00103024 by GWAS and build a predicted model for obesity, the area under the curve is only about 58
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00256-00103024-00103517 percent, so your microbial genes are far more predictive of whether you are obese or not
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00257-00103517-00103756 than your human genes are.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00258-00103756-00104130 So can we actually do something with this and change the microbiome in a way that lets
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00259-00104130-00104323 us cure a disease?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00260-00104323-00105109 Well, where we're taking -- where we're taking the work on the microbiome associated with
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00261-00105109-00105336 disease is to developing countries.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00262-00105336-00105896 So this is a photo that Tideyet Sinenko [spelled phonetically], one of Jeff Gordon's grad students,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00263-00105896-00106547 took at one of the field sites we worked with in Malawi, and so this is a malnutrition clinic.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00264-00106547-00106924 You'll notice that although food is scarce in this population, they are able to have
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00265-00106924-00107163 access to cell phones, for example.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00266-00107163-00107608 And the remarkable fact about this is there are now over 5 billion active cell phones
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00267-00107608-00108050 on Earth, which is pretty impressive when you consider there's only about 7 billion
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00268-00108050-00108150 people.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00269-00108150-00108602 Of the billion poorest people in the world, 20 percent of them have their own cell phone.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00270-00108602-00109034 I was reading a couple of weeks ago that the current penetrance of cell phones in Kenya
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00271-00109034-00109282 is 95 percent of households have one, right?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00272-00109282-00109592 So this is a technology that just penetrated everywhere.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00273-00109592-00110035 A large part of the reason for that is Moore's law, the decline in the cost of computation,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00274-00110035-00110511 so the digital signaling processing that supports that technology is so cheap that it is effectively
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00275-00110511-00110615 free.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00276-00110615-00110864 And this is true not just in Malawi but everywhere, basically.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00277-00110864-00111333 So I took this photo in Bangladesh a little over a year ago, so even in relatively bad
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00278-00111333-00111777 parts of Dakar, you can buy a sizable hunk of a cow, and then right next to that, you
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00279-00111777-00111995 can have your cell phone minutes recharged.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00280-00111995-00112557 So one thing that is getting a lot cheaper faster than computation, though, is the cost
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00281-00112557-00112724 of DNA sequencing.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00282-00112724-00113201 So I think you are all probably sick of this diagram showing the decrease in the cost of
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00283-00113201-00113555 computation versus the decrease in the cost of sequencing.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00284-00113555-00114119 And this is on a log scale, so in the time the computation's got about 100-fold cheaper,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00285-00114119-00114567 DNA sequencing has got about a million-fold cheaper.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00286-00114567-00114967 So what we are doing at the moment is studies in humanized mice.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00287-00114967-00115469 So the idea is to take fecal samples from individuals, transplant them into mice, so
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00288-00115469-00115999 from our Gates-funded study on malnutrition, our NIDDK-funded study, again with Jeff Gordon
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00289-00115999-00116439 on obesity, transplant those microbes into germ-free mice, and then look at how those
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00290-00116439-00116983 mice gain or lose weight, depending on whose microbes they got.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00291-00116983-00117359 And so this works really nicely, so this is data from Jeff's lab.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00292-00117359-00117804 Each interval is about two weeks, five different mice.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00293-00117804-00118146 This axis is principal component one of the community.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00294-00118146-00118591 So starting off on mouse chow, you switch them over to the Malawi diet, which is 90
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00295-00118591-00118792 percent corn, 10 percent leaves.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00296-00118792-00119274 You see this rapid decline consistent across mice along PC1 that you can just model with
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00297-00119274-00119523 a single exponential decay curve.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00298-00119523-00119923 You switch them to [unintelligible] therapeutic food, so the peanut butter based supplement
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00299-00119923-00120041 that's used in the clinic.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00300-00120041-00120188 They start to recover.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00301-00120188-00120608 You switch them back to the Malawi diet, and very reproducibly, they go back to the same
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00302-00120608-00120708 state.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00303-00120708-00121175 And so the first data from this we published in Science earlier this year, so Michelle
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00304-00121175-00121502 Smith and Jeff Sibels [spelled phonetically] first author on that, and basically what you
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00305-00121502-00122078 can see -- so we're looking at members of the twin pair who are either healthy, the
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00306-00122078-00122671 red line, or have caushiacore [spelled phonetically], severe nutritional deficiency, which is this
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00307-00122671-00122771 blue line.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00308-00122771-00123026 In the mice that received the quash [spelled phonetically], community do really badly.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00309-00123026-00123283 They lost more than 30 percent of their body mass.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00310-00123283-00123425 They recovered with IUTF.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00311-00123425-00124074 This is coupled with a very distinct change in the microbiota, and also in the functional
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00312-00124074-00124275 response, although I won't get into that.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00313-00124275-00124695 So basically what we can start to do is we can take -- we can take microbial communities
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00314-00124695-00125172 from individuals, put them into mice, and then how those mice respond to treatment depends
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00315-00125172-00125385 on whose microbial community they got.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00316-00125385-00125972 Now taking this a step further, what we can do now is we can use those things called personalized
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00317-00125972-00126491 culture collections, where instead of transporting the primary fecal specimen, what you can do
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00318-00126491-00126901 instead, and this was really pioneered by Andy Goodman, who is here at the meeting,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00319-00126901-00127505 and Jay Faith, when they were in Jeff's lab, is this idea that instead of taking the primary
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00320-00127505-00127979 fecal specimen, what you can do instead is you can dilute -- you can dilute the cells
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00321-00127979-00128511 down into a 384 well plate, coax them through a few cell divisions, and then you can sequence
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00322-00128511-00129025 their genomes, but unlike single cell sequencing, you don't destroy the whole organism when
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00323-00129025-00129274 you sequence it, you only take part of the culture.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00324-00129274-00129751 So you have the rest left over, so you can potentially mix them together and test ecological
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00325-00129751-00130147 hypotheses about which species are important.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00326-00130147-00130582 And to put this in perspective, for example, wolves greatly affect the Yellowstone ecological
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00327-00130582-00131023 system, but we didn't find this out by going to Yellowstone, taking a cubic mile of stuff,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00328-00131023-00131308 grinding it up, and looking for the wolf DNA, right?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00329-00131308-00131791 The reason we know that is that people shot all the wolves, the ecosystem changed profoundly;
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00330-00131791-00132077 then they were reintroduced, and the ecosystem came back.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00331-00132077-00132488 And so the ability, instead of trying to get rid of a species by antibiotics, to leave
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00332-00132488-00132874 it out in the community in the first place, see if there is a functional difference, and
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00333-00132874-00133494 then reintroduce it and see if the function changes, is really exciting.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00334-00133494-00133862 Prospective longitudinal studies can also be critical for testing causality.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00335-00133862-00134371 So, basically -- so, basically, you want to enroll subject prior to disease and figure
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00336-00134371-00134766 out if you can predict who is going to get the disease and who isn't from the microbes
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00337-00134766-00134947 of their earlier time points.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00338-00134947-00135339 And so there's some examples at risk, Teddy [spelled phonetically], BMMI, and so forth
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00339-00135339-00135665 that are doing this now.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00340-00135665-00136572 As -- so, as Robbie Kline pointed out to me earlier, for this, instead of Koch's postulates,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00341-00136572-00137045 you want to use Hill's criteria, still looking for the strength and consistency of association,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00342-00137045-00137507 whether the association is plausible based on what you know about mechanism and so forth,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00343-00137507-00137872 rather than necessarily being able to prove transmission.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00344-00137872-00138307 So just in the last couple of minutes I am going to say a little bit about leveraging
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00345-00138307-00138634 in existing investments and large data sets.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00346-00138634-00139063 And there's a lot of technical factors that could affect readouts of the microbiome, including
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00347-00139063-00139539 things like storage conditions, DNA extraction conditions, PCR primers, what sequencing platform
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00348-00139539-00139863 you used, analysis [unintelligible] and all of the rest.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00349-00139863-00140221 And we know for sure that all of these factors are going to affect the results, so the question
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00350-00140221-00140585 is will they affect it so much that you can't see the biological pattern you are looking
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00351-00140585-00140751 for.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00352-00140751-00141137 And so one thing that is really exciting in this respect is standards like those produced
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00353-00141137-00141588 by the Genomic Standards Consortium, and by the Earth Microbiome Project that allow us
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00354-00141588-00141983 to do a lot more data integration by having a standardized data set, where often we don't
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00355-00141983-00142337 need to worry about these things.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00356-00142337-00143035 Another key aspect to this is being able to take time into the cloud, and so NIH is currently
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00357-00143035-00143763 running a cloud pilot through NAID with Amazon that allows us to make these techniques accessible
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00358-00143763-00144146 to a lot of people who do not necessarily want to set up their own cluster.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00359-00144146-00144610 And for example, the reason why were in Bangladesh was it is very hard to set up computational
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00360-00144610-00145163 infrastructure in Dakar, so whereas in contrast, you can basically give Amazon your credit
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00361-00145163-00145528 card number, and I am guessing they already have your credit card number, right?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00362-00145528-00145628 [laughter]
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00363-00145628-00146053 And use that to put together an instant cluster, run your job site on it, and then it dissipate
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00364-00146053-00146508 without having to set up your own -- set up your own super computer.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00365-00146508-00147036 So, anyway, so the vision here is to see your samples in the universe of other samples,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00366-00147036-00147345 and there's a data integration work file [spelled phonetically] that I'll skip in the interest
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00367-00147345-00147472 of time.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00368-00147472-00147946 When we use that, though, basically what we can see is the HMP cluster patterns, so these
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00369-00147946-00148435 are across different body sites, match very nicely with the community clustering pattern,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00370-00148435-00148984 so this was with Kate Russell's [spelled phonetically] group and with Ruth Ley's group.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00371-00148984-00149477 So on the scale of the differences between body sites, all of the technical variability
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00372-00149477-00150117 between these different studies didn't actually matter all that much, and so this kind of
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00373-00150117-00150445 makes sense, right, on that scale of the different body sites that we are seeing here are very
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00374-00150445-00150671 distinct from one another.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00375-00150671-00151146 And then that outweighs things like the differences between the V1 versus the V3 primers and the
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00376-00151146-00151576 HMP, so the primers have an effect, but they are smaller than that effect.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00377-00151576-00152138 However, as soon as you start going into stool specifically, so this is still a mucosa, you
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00378-00152138-00152283 start to see things you don't like.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00379-00152283-00152752 So here we have the stool clustering into these two completely separate categories,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00380-00152752-00153260 and what is going on there is actually that we are seeing the separation between the V1-3
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00381-00153260-00153725 and the V3-5 primus in the HMP that gravely outweighs the variation that we're trying
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00382-00153725-00154092 to see in these individuals, like whether they have IBD or colon cancer.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00383-00154092-00154484 So when you are starting to get more specific questions, you suddenly care a lot about this
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00384-00154484-00154853 technical variation that will otherwise obscure what is going on.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00385-00154853-00155264 And so Curtis talked to you about integrating multi-omics data; it's just as important when
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00386-00155264-00155697 you are integrating data of the same data type to have some consistency in how you do
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00387-00155697-00155864 that integration.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00388-00155864-00156662 Now, this is just another view of some more refined data where we are just looking at
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00389-00156662-00157155 the Illumina platform, and so when we look at body site, you can see a lot of separation
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00390-00157155-00157719 there, and what you can see is these different experiments, including, in this case, the
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00391-00157719-00158401 HMP experiments which run 454, separate not by project but by body sites, like you would
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00392-00158401-00158501 hope.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00393-00158501-00159102 But again, when you go into stool, and, in this case, what we're doing is we're restricting
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00394-00159102-00159647 it just to Illumina data, what we see here, and you can see we have a ton of metadata
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00395-00159647-00160269 about these individuals, what you can see here is that you see pretty clear clustering
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00396-00160269-00160648 by study rather than clustering by clinical variables, which is what you'd like.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00397-00160648-00161051 And this is very disappointing because we know there are some interesting clinical variables
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00398-00161051-00161151 in here.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00399-00161151-00161947 So, for example, when we went to Bangladesh, we tracked ourselves over time, so what we're
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00400-00161947-00162436 looking at here is a cross-body site effect, which is very large, and then if we look at
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00401-00162436-00162840 country on this scale, you can see that there's basically nothing that really separates the
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00402-00162840-00163210 time we were in Bangladesh from anything else, when you look at cross-body sites.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00403-00163210-00163866 But if you zoom in on the stool specifically, and we scroll down here so we are all looking
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00404-00163866-00164447 at the stool, and we look at what happened with travel, what you can see now is that
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00405-00164447-00164994 trip to Bangladesh caused some substantial shifts in the microbiota of some of our individuals,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00406-00164994-00165362 who then wondered off into different regions of configuration space after that, and did
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00407-00165362-00166026 not return, despite lack of treatment with antibiotics.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00408-00166026-00166453 So being able to integrate this kind of data across many studies, because, for this kind
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00409-00166453-00166903 of experiment, it is often difficult to get enough volunteers within one study to do it
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00410-00166903-00167130 many times, is really important.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00411-00167130-00167639 And again, to cut a long story short, taking the same data I showed you before with that
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00412-00167639-00168122 very clear per-study clustering, and doing some additional analyses with it, what we
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00413-00168122-00168590 are able to do is we're able to bring it all back into the same distribution, and we're
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00414-00168590-00169151 now able to go looking for variables that are potentially clinically interesting, that
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00415-00169151-00169579 vary in that cloud, including the American Gut data which we're currently clearing up
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00416-00169579-00169865 at the moment.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00417-00169865-00170305 One problem that this points out, though, and you see some examples of this, is there's
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00418-00170305-00170746 a lot of cases where we have no data, and there is a lot of cases where the data are
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00419-00170746-00170891 not consistently annotated.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00420-00170891-00171460 So you have, for example, N/A versus no data are separate categories rather than integrated
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00421-00171460-00171882 into the same category, not something we're cleaning up at the moment.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00422-00171882-00172602 So, anyway, so I'm going to talk a little bit about gaps, needs, and challenges, and
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00423-00172602-00172858 I see I am about out of time.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00424-00172858-00173259 The major gaps that we are facing are that we do not know what effect sizes to expect.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00425-00173259-00173479 The techniques for dynamic analysis suggest emerging.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00426-00173479-00173923 We do not know yet whether prospective human studies or mechanistic animal studies will,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00427-00173923-00174451 in general, yield more information, and most of the sample information is not yet in the
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00428-00174451-00174786 standard format in databases, including SRA.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00429-00174786-00175438 So what we need, we need standardized scales for effect size, and better ways of doing
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00430-00175438-00175836 power calculations to power microbiome studies going forward.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00431-00175836-00176157 We need better ways to relate the animal model data to humans.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00432-00176157-00176613 We need perspective longitudinal studies, a huge library of microbial strains of known
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00433-00176613-00177098 provenance that we can use for those kinds of microbial wolf hunting experience, and
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00434-00177098-00177462 better annotations at all scales, as Curtis mentioned.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00435-00177462-00177962 And so the challenges are, how can we balance subject privacy issues against the utility
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00436-00177962-00178347 of having rich clinical metadata publicly available?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00437-00178347-00178702 How can we integrate the data across omics levels ion those longitudinal studies, and
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00438-00178702-00178909 how much data do we need of each type?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00439-00178909-00179378 And how can we integrate the knowledge of gene and taxon functions produced by multiple
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00440-00179378-00179776 researchers using multiple techniques in an efficient way?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00441-00179776-00180141 But I don't want to put you off doing this, so combining studies is hard, but as I mentioned,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00442-00180141-00180309 some biology effects are really large.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00443-00180309-00180876 So this is from a recent genome research paper we did with Janet and with Jeff.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00444-00180876-00181361 There -- even across different studies, so this is colored by study, effects, slightly,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00445-00181361-00181780 effects of age is still very visible, even against that background.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00446-00181780-00182162 And going back to Ruth's data set of that, and from development, you can get so much
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00447-00182162-00182586 more out of that by combining it with the HMP data set.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00448-00182586-00183119 And when I do that, what we can see immediately, and this is put together by Antonio and Geshiki
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00449-00183119-00183579 [spelled phonetically] in my lab, you can see that the baby stats are very much in the
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00450-00183579-00183962 vaginal distributions, so these are all the adult samples from all the HMP subjects showing
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00451-00183962-00184260 the vagina, the skin, the mouth, and the stool.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00452-00184260-00184857 And so initially what you can see is a whole lot of inoculation of the baby gut with sequences
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00453-00184857-00185490 from the skin and from the vagina, probably with ongoing inoculation from the skin.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00454-00185490-00185982 You can see an approach towards the adult gut microbiota, so the scale here is from
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00455-00185982-00186245 birth up to 27 months.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00456-00186245-00186770 And what you can see is an approach to the adult microbiota state, although it's much
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00457-00186770-00187150 less stable than it looked like in the previous slide.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00458-00187150-00187774 Fascinatingly, and this is very relevant to Marty's talk, you can see treatment with antibiotics
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00459-00187774-00188189 for an ear infection, followed by a rapid recovery in the microbiota, so there's a lot
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00460-00188189-00188749 of resilience there, and by the time we get up to two and a half years, you can see that
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00461-00188749-00189014 that infant is basically in the adult stool distribution.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00462-00189014-00189311 And you could never have seen this by looking at the infant data alone, right?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00463-00189311-00189964 You can only get this by being able to integrate that data set with the HMP.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00464-00189964-00190333 So with that, I would like to thank the large number of people currently or formerly in
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00465-00190333-00190612 my lab, many of whom I have thanked throughout this talk.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00466-00190612-00191184 I have many collaborators on various projects, including the C. diff project and the IBD
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00467-00191184-00191336 project that I talked about briefly.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00468-00191336-00191897 I have various sources of support, including, of course, NIH, and the HMP specifically.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00469-00191897-00192013 So, thank you.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00470-00192013-00192299 I would be delighted to take a question or two at this time.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00471-00192299-00192399 Female Speaker: One or two.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00472-00192399-00192499 [applause]
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00473-00192499-00193219 We have time for one or two questions.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00474-00193219-00194419 Female Speaker: Thank you, Rob, for a very nice talk, as usual.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00475-00194419-00194945 So when you travel, you have shown that there is a shift in your microbes.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00476-00194945-00195201 But, of course, there is a shift in your diet.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00477-00195201-00195301 Rob McKnight: Right.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00478-00195301-00195516 Female Speaker: So the first thing is you are getting new
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00479-00195516-00196266 microbes from the local place, but how much is it just a shift of the new diet you are
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00480-00196266-00196366 ingesting there?
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00481-00196366-00196599 Rob McKnight: That's a great question.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00482-00196599-00197001 In this case, we're pretty sure it was a shift in the microbes because we all got sick on
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00483-00197001-00197733 the same day and had some substantial -- had some substantial diarrhea and so forth, which
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00484-00197733-00198298 was probably not -- which was -- which was -- excuse me -- which was about a week into
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00485-00198298-00198398 the visit.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00486-00198398-00198994 So in that particular case, we think we have a really -- we think it's really likely to
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00487-00198994-00199476 be a specific microbial cause, and through the sequencing, we know what that microbe
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00488-00199476-00199661 was.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00489-00199661-00200110 In terms of the dietary shifts, in patient studies that have done diet over the short
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00490-00200110-00200586 term, like the [unintelligible] one that I dropped from this in the interest of time,
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00491-00200586-00201252 generally show that you can get a statistically significant effect in humans that's relatively
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00492-00201252-00201488 small, but you can see it.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00493-00201488-00202873 However, it is really diet over the longer term that causes a big shift in who goes where.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00494-00202873-00204154 Female Speaker: Let's thank Rob again.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00495-00204154-00204254 Rob McKnight: Thanks.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00496-00204254-00204354 Female Speaker: Thank you, Rob.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00497-00204354-00204454 My name is Maria Giovanni.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00498-00204454-00204724 I am from the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00499-00204724-00205203 And it is my great pleasure to introduce Owen White, who is from the University of Maryland
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00500-00205203-00205761 School of Medicine, and he is going to talk to us today about Large Data Management, Data
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00501-00205761-00205902 Standards, and Data Sharing.
+N6JJqS-v9oU-00502-00205902-00205969 Owen.
+NrgtH5tVO98-00000-00000008-00000768 rhythm which information you are going to give us today about narendra modi narendra modi
+NrgtH5tVO98-00001-00000768-00001568 who is he he is prime minister of our india good do you like him yes because
+NrgtH5tVO98-00002-00001568-00002464 he has done so many works like a to z a to z what is a to z can you tell me in detail yes
+NrgtH5tVO98-00003-00002464-00003704 okay a4 ayushman pirate airstrike in pakistan good before betty bachao bullet train wow c4 corruption
+NrgtH5tVO98-00004-00003704-00004632 free india coal production and coin 19 vaccination good d4 diwali in ayodhya digital india
+NrgtH5tVO98-00005-00004632-00006104 good e4 electrify india 8 and ring good f4 former first album wow good g4 gst jdp and ganga cleaning
+NrgtH5tVO98-00006-00006104-00007064 very good h4 highway construction home loan cheaper i4 inflation control indra dhanush mission
+NrgtH5tVO98-00007-00008520-00009208 pension 6000 good m4 make in india mobile logic factory
+NrgtH5tVO98-00008-00009264-00009872 n4 ngo retrics and natural control good o phone
+NrgtH5tVO98-00009-00012240-00013104 can you tell me what is rafael rafael is a jet plan okay very good s4 surgical strike
+NrgtH5tVO98-00010-00013104-00014112 status unity swat para transformation very good t4 toilet construction tank collection very
+NrgtH5tVO98-00011-00015544-00016368 good x4 expose of all over this rohi gangs very good why for yoga
+NrgtH5tVO98-00012-00016560-00017048 and that zero unnamed railway crossing zero terrorist at
+NsZOczGIxl0-00000-00000200-00000856 we are live what's going on what's going on what's going on ballers i'm excited today to bring to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00001-00000856-00001464 you an exclusive energy interview we're gonna be shooting it live uh and we're gonna interview the
+NsZOczGIxl0-00002-00001464-00002120 one and only mr micah cooper but stay tuned we're about to dive right in welcome to beyond the mall
+NsZOczGIxl0-00003-00002120-00002984 podcast
+NsZOczGIxl0-00004-00004272-00004720 what's going on what's going on what's going on family uh i'm excited as you all know i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00005-00004720-00005224 get excited every time i get the privilege and the honor to be on the mic and just to share
+NsZOczGIxl0-00006-00005224-00005760 and introduce you all to you know individuals who are out here innovative and doing really amazing
+NsZOczGIxl0-00007-00005760-00006280 and really dope things so before we dive in really quick i want to encourage you if you have not
+NsZOczGIxl0-00008-00006280-00006695 make sure that you subscribe to our youtube channel you can just go on youtube and type
+NsZOczGIxl0-00009-00006695-00007200 in jonathan jones speaks and then make sure you hit subscribe and hit the bell
+NsZOczGIxl0-00010-00007200-00007920 get all the notifications all that good stuff but uh man that now without further ado i'm excited to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00011-00007920-00008408 man to bring out this young man because we've been connected for a while but we've been playing tag
+NsZOczGIxl0-00012-00008408-00008992 um but now we finally finally got the opportunity to sit down in the chat so man without further ado
+NsZOczGIxl0-00013-00008992-00009488 man i'm gonna bring out mr mr micah cooper michael what's going on bro good man happy to be here
+NsZOczGIxl0-00014-00009568-00010056 man yeah yeah yeah man glad to have you man i know i know you have a story i know you have
+NsZOczGIxl0-00015-00010056-00010480 some words to share with the people but man but really quick just just give people like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00016-00010480-00011008 a a quick uh introduction of you for those who might not be familiar with you as of yet
+NsZOczGIxl0-00017-00011008-00011648 yeah so i mean i'm michael cooper obviously um i am a college football player i started playing in
+NsZOczGIxl0-00018-00011648-00012288 medieval oklahoma small town in oklahoma i came out of high school wasn't very highly recruited
+NsZOczGIxl0-00019-00012288-00012784 i went to division two school out of high school then went to junior college after that after the
+NsZOczGIxl0-00020-00012784-00013304 junior college didn't get any any scholarship offers uh so i walked on oklahoma state
+NsZOczGIxl0-00021-00013304-00013808 and then uh so i went from being at the bottom of the charter oklahoma state to working my way up
+NsZOczGIxl0-00022-00013808-00014191 all the way to getting playing time and then eventually getting the scholarship and then uh
+NsZOczGIxl0-00023-00014191-00014719 you know this past year uh was supposed to be my last year but do to cover we all got another year
+NsZOczGIxl0-00024-00014719-00015424 so with that i decided to transfer from my last year and go to minnesota state and you know
+NsZOczGIxl0-00025-00015424-00015960 in that process i decided that i wanted to get my whole last season documented so i started my own
+NsZOczGIxl0-00026-00015960-00016696 little show my own youtube channel documenting basically my last season college football got
+NsZOczGIxl0-00027-00016696-00017608 you guys you got so so what's it like when when you're the person right who you you have the big
+NsZOczGIxl0-00028-00017608-00018184 dreams you're you're really hopeful you're wanting to go to the next level but yet just like you said
+NsZOczGIxl0-00029-00018184-00018800 you're at like the bottom of the like so rewind it back to when you weren't getting highly recruited
+NsZOczGIxl0-00030-00018800-00019272 but you know you you still knew that you were gifted and you still knew that like i'm
+NsZOczGIxl0-00031-00019272-00019672 somebody worth being saying just talk a little bit about that because i think a lot of people
+NsZOczGIxl0-00032-00019760-00020272 misunderstand like what it really takes to get to where you are so talk a little bit about that
+NsZOczGIxl0-00033-00020272-00021056 micah yeah i mean it's always tough like with the disconnect of you know being trying to uh go
+NsZOczGIxl0-00034-00021056-00021624 somewhere where you're not and or just trying to get people to see you as someone that you're not
+NsZOczGIxl0-00035-00021624-00022008 you where you know you're you're something in yourself and people just don't see it yet and
+NsZOczGIxl0-00036-00022008-00022624 so that's always a tough situation and um you know for me it was a thing of i just really had to um
+NsZOczGIxl0-00037-00022720-00023160 i just had to work man it was a thing of i never got discouraged because i didn't know who i was
+NsZOczGIxl0-00038-00023160-00023592 but it was a thing of not necessarily trying to prove it to others but trying to let other people
+NsZOczGIxl0-00039-00023592-00024008 see it for themselves and so it was a thing of like i never took anything personally when
+NsZOczGIxl0-00040-00024008-00024408 people told me things and like i was just going to keep working i was going to take everything
+NsZOczGIxl0-00041-00024408-00024808 everybody said i was just going to keep working i was going to keep improving and i was just going
+NsZOczGIxl0-00042-00024808-00025256 to make it undeniable and that's you know what i continued to do time and time again at every
+NsZOczGIxl0-00043-00025256-00025816 single spot i was at it was a thing of i wasn't really looked at and i just kind of continued
+NsZOczGIxl0-00044-00025816-00026192 to work and worked myself up into a position where it's like you couldn't take away from me
+NsZOczGIxl0-00045-00026336-00026776 how do you cultivate that mindset though because come on come on mike i mean you you met you're me
+NsZOczGIxl0-00046-00026776-00027295 you're making it sound easy right you're you're making it sound easy and because i know you've you
+NsZOczGIxl0-00047-00027295-00027944 know you you've created the callous mind as david goggins calls it but how do you work up to that
+NsZOczGIxl0-00048-00027944-00028432 mindset when you're the person who's at the bottom how do you keep showing up how do you keep lifting
+NsZOczGIxl0-00049-00028432-00029000 the waves how you keep going out there and doing them hot workouts during the summer time like this
+NsZOczGIxl0-00050-00029000-00029512 talk to us give us the truth man talk to us you know it's funny it's really as easy as i'm making
+NsZOczGIxl0-00051-00029512-00029944 it sound as you're saying it right now it's as easy as you saying it it's just the thing of
+NsZOczGIxl0-00052-00029944-00030408 showing up and doing it that's really all it is it's just keep showing up and that's the thing
+NsZOczGIxl0-00053-00030408-00030904 that's with my story it's like i played with a bunch of super talented guys a bunch of guys that
+NsZOczGIxl0-00054-00030904-00031352 were way better than me at a certain point and it was the only difference between me and them
+NsZOczGIxl0-00055-00031352-00031912 was i kept going i just kept kept going up i kept going to the workouts i kept getting better it's
+NsZOczGIxl0-00056-00031912-00032312 like people stop at a certain point it's like if you don't stop you're going to keep making improve
+NsZOczGIxl0-00057-00032312-00032688 you're going to start packing up all those people that were ahead of you at some point that was
+NsZOczGIxl0-00058-00032688-00033168 really the only thing i did and it's hard don't get me don't get it twisted it's hard to show up
+NsZOczGIxl0-00059-00033168-00033712 every day it's easy in a sense like that's all i got to do but it's hard at the same time it's hard
+NsZOczGIxl0-00060-00033712-00034248 um putting your all into something and not seeing the results you want but if you continue to do it
+NsZOczGIxl0-00061-00034248-00034608 if you continue to just put the blinders on and just keep going and keep working they're gonna
+NsZOczGIxl0-00062-00034608-00035072 look up and they're gonna be even further than you know the destination that you're trying to get to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00063-00035072-00035728 and so that's really what it is man just show up just show up do it give it every day and i'll
+NsZOczGIxl0-00064-00035728-00036192 tell you it's going to happen it sounds sounds super easy super simple and it is and it isn't
+NsZOczGIxl0-00065-00036192-00036752 at the same time yeah yeah yeah yeah i heard somebody say uh the other day i heard them say
+NsZOczGIxl0-00066-00036752-00037264 it's it's easy to do but it's also easy not to do right because i mean when you when you go in the
+NsZOczGIxl0-00067-00037264-00037864 weight room you know that if you go in you put the weights on you you got your plan out you had your
+NsZOczGIxl0-00068-00037864-00038408 protein shake and you just do what you have to do it's easy to follow instructions but you know if
+NsZOczGIxl0-00069-00038408-00038848 you see my homeboy over here we see our homegirl we start we start cutting up then it's easy it's
+NsZOczGIxl0-00070-00038848-00039376 easy not to do right and it's just staying it's that thing of just trying to stay locked into
+NsZOczGIxl0-00071-00039376-00039848 because it's like that happens to me i'd be lying if i said i'm just 100 locked in every time i'm in
+NsZOczGIxl0-00072-00039848-00040376 the weight room i'm not joking i'm not no smiling no nothing like it happens but it's a thing of not
+NsZOczGIxl0-00073-00040376-00040832 letting it you know completely get you off track you know what i'm saying it's the ability to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00074-00040832-00041120 get off track and get back on you know what i'm saying because there's going to be those moments
+NsZOczGIxl0-00075-00041120-00041496 where you're off or that day you don't really feel like doing it as much and i'm not saying
+NsZOczGIxl0-00076-00041496-00041840 i haven't had those days and i didn't skip a day or i didn't do something that day but it
+NsZOczGIxl0-00077-00041840-00042192 i didn't let it become two days i didn't let it become three days i didn't let it become a week
+NsZOczGIxl0-00078-00042192-00042640 a month all that so you got to get right back on you got to get right so you mess up one day you're
+NsZOczGIxl0-00079-00042640-00043256 off track a little bit you just get right back on it yeah yeah yeah yeah so so what's something that
+NsZOczGIxl0-00080-00043256-00043888 as you've been going through this journey what's something that you feel um that people aren't
+NsZOczGIxl0-00081-00043888-00044512 talking about with student athletes right because i think that there's a lot of stuff that people
+NsZOczGIxl0-00082-00044512-00044984 don't talk about and i'm not saying anything that's like just jarring anything like that but
+NsZOczGIxl0-00083-00045048-00045504 like sometimes you know we we what we put out on social media we put out the glitz we put out the
+NsZOczGIxl0-00084-00045504-00045904 glam but what's something that's not being talked about that you want to share with the people
+NsZOczGIxl0-00085-00045904-00046576 michael you mean among the athletes or do you mean among like the fans and athletes talk yeah
+NsZOczGIxl0-00086-00046576-00047016 talk about talk about the athletes talk about the athletes i feel like there has been a shift more
+NsZOczGIxl0-00087-00047016-00047608 so in the past you know year or so than before but um i would say just the mental side of things
+NsZOczGIxl0-00088-00047664-00048280 i uh we focus so much on you know taking care of our bodies um trying to get in shape trying
+NsZOczGIxl0-00089-00048280-00048672 to be in the best shape as possible getting as strong as we can getting as fast as we can
+NsZOczGIxl0-00090-00048672-00049104 but i didn't see the most improvements in my game until i started taking care of my mental
+NsZOczGIxl0-00091-00049104-00049784 way more like i saw my game jump you know a whole nother level and it's because at a certain point
+NsZOczGIxl0-00092-00049784-00050080 your body gets to a point where it's like all right this is as fast as we're gonna get this
+NsZOczGIxl0-00093-00050080-00050528 is as big as we're gonna get you know you can get to a point where you improve it a little more but
+NsZOczGIxl0-00094-00050528-00050864 you don't touch the mental side of things and there's a whole other threshold of where you
+NsZOczGIxl0-00095-00050864-00051496 can take things and you can you know surpass you know way more than what you're doing just doing
+NsZOczGIxl0-00096-00051496-00051984 the physical side and so i would that's the thing that like i try to get across the people because
+NsZOczGIxl0-00097-00052040-00052584 it's like i was i've been on both sides of it not taking care of it not really doing anything for it
+NsZOczGIxl0-00098-00052584-00052976 and then doing something for it and so it's like i know what the difference is so with the young
+NsZOczGIxl0-00099-00052976-00053591 dudes that i come around like i try to encourage them to do that like i've had great mates that
+NsZOczGIxl0-00100-00053591-00054000 were older than me great teammates that you know we're the same age that have really helped me and
+NsZOczGIxl0-00101-00054000-00054591 encouraged me to um you know stepping so it's like i try to pass that down to you know my teammates
+NsZOczGIxl0-00102-00054591-00055200 some of the younger guys as well yeah yeah yeah when when did you when did you know it was time
+NsZOczGIxl0-00103-00055200-00055640 to tap into that and then who introduced you to the mental side of the game because what because
+NsZOczGIxl0-00104-00055640-00056224 once again michael you know like i know that like that that's not something that we're focusing on
+NsZOczGIxl0-00105-00056224-00056704 because we're trying to get that that extra that extra second or trying to get the quicker cut or
+NsZOczGIxl0-00106-00056704-00057216 trying to you know be able to lift a little bit more weight so what was your introduction uh with
+NsZOczGIxl0-00107-00057216-00057944 that more of the uh i would say it was more the juxtaposition of where i was at in junior college
+NsZOczGIxl0-00108-00057944-00058336 and then where i was at oklahoma state like when i was at junior college it was a thing of
+NsZOczGIxl0-00109-00058391-00058855 um it was the first time i felt like i was really taking a risk like i was giving up a scholarship i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00110-00058855-00059344 had already had i was giving up a position that you know probably would have been pretty good
+NsZOczGIxl0-00111-00059344-00059808 if i would have stayed at the school i was already at but i was like you know what this is not what i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00112-00059808-00060320 uh this is not what i said that i wanted when i started this journey so it was like i was
+NsZOczGIxl0-00113-00060320-00060816 just going to go for it and so i took a big risk going to junior college man and not really knowing
+NsZOczGIxl0-00114-00060816-00061600 what was going to happen i did it and when i saw things not work it like really just like it just
+NsZOczGIxl0-00115-00061600-00062224 really put me down and it was probably the lowest i've been in my career just because again i kind
+NsZOczGIxl0-00116-00062224-00062688 of said earlier it's like when you put your all into something and it's like just doesn't work it
+NsZOczGIxl0-00117-00062688-00063336 is extremely discouraging and so i was at a point where i was i was done like i was ready to be done
+NsZOczGIxl0-00118-00063336-00064032 playing football like i was i was cool i i really got out of um junior college i didn't have a bunch
+NsZOczGIxl0-00119-00064032-00064688 of film um i sent literally all of my film to every single school in the country heard back
+NsZOczGIxl0-00120-00064688-00065391 from maybe four or five people and out of the four or five people none of them you know followed up
+NsZOczGIxl0-00121-00065391-00065960 or was trying to get me to come or anything like that and so i was like i found it a d2 school that
+NsZOczGIxl0-00122-00065960-00066416 kind of liked me and then i remember i it's funny i'm kind of going all over the place here but no
+NsZOczGIxl0-00123-00066416-00067056 no take your time take your time i uh before that that summer at the junior at my junior college i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00124-00067056-00067664 went to a camp at osu and the camp i thought was a junior college camp because you know some people
+NsZOczGIxl0-00125-00067664-00068104 had junior college came like that and they had had one but i didn't realize that that wasn't the one
+NsZOczGIxl0-00126-00068104-00068656 that i went to it was actually a high school camp and so i showed it to the high school camp and so
+NsZOczGIxl0-00127-00068656-00068944 and i just started balling out and as i should because you know they're all
+NsZOczGIxl0-00128-00069096-00069712 17 year olds that i'm going against and so they're really good um the running back coach over there
+NsZOczGIxl0-00129-00069712-00070296 likes what i'm doing and he he's like hey man well uh you know i really like what you're doing and um
+NsZOczGIxl0-00130-00070296-00070680 like we'll keep in contact and it was kind of one of those things you know you know you you've been
+NsZOczGIxl0-00131-00070680-00071056 in the connecting world and stuff people will say they'll get back to you you never hear from them
+NsZOczGIxl0-00132-00071056-00071640 again it's just it is what it is i didn't think anything of it and so it was um that time where
+NsZOczGIxl0-00133-00071640-00072064 i was sitting you know sitting at home thinking like all right i guess i'm just gonna go to school
+NsZOczGIxl0-00134-00072064-00072688 or you know i guess football's just done for me and you know he hit me up and was like yo i heard
+NsZOczGIxl0-00135-00072688-00073072 you don't have a place to go like we don't have any scholarships but you know you can walk on here
+NsZOczGIxl0-00136-00073072-00073512 if you want it's not going to be an easy situation but you could come and you know it could end up
+NsZOczGIxl0-00137-00073512-00074064 working out for you you never know and so it was a if i was faced with a decision again because
+NsZOczGIxl0-00138-00074064-00074496 i had this d2 school that was interesting to me and i had the same uh this really big power five
+NsZOczGIxl0-00139-00074496-00074992 division one school i was interested and it was a part of me that had seen so much not work out
+NsZOczGIxl0-00140-00075056-00075568 i was scared to take another risk like i was scared to take another opportunity and so i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00141-00075568-00076112 was like leaning towards um you know going to the safe route you know what i'm saying and
+NsZOczGIxl0-00142-00076256-00076856 it was funny um i just had people in my corner in my life that was like ah bro you tripping like not
+NsZOczGIxl0-00143-00076856-00077240 like you're not doing this you're gonna go over there this is what you said you wanted to do
+NsZOczGIxl0-00144-00077240-00077784 so you're gonna go do it and so you know luckily every i had those people in my life everybody
+NsZOczGIxl0-00145-00077784-00078376 doesn't have those people and i was lucky enough to have those people and it's funny enough i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00146-00078376-00078696 ended up going over there and i never ended up hearing that from the other school about
+NsZOczGIxl0-00147-00078768-00079144 a full scholarship or anything so it's it was really at the end of the day it was my
+NsZOczGIxl0-00148-00079144-00080016 only decision but after going to osu man and i just saw a complete switch in my mind as far as
+NsZOczGIxl0-00149-00080016-00080536 you know feeling entitled to things i was feeling a lot more grateful to be there if that makes
+NsZOczGIxl0-00150-00080536-00080984 sense like i was just so happy and so grateful that i had another opportunity to play again
+NsZOczGIxl0-00151-00080984-00081416 to be able to be on the field and i wasn't even getting to play like i was holding up
+NsZOczGIxl0-00152-00081416-00081936 the dummies and stuff and letting you know people hit me letting office align to come and run me
+NsZOczGIxl0-00153-00081936-00082448 over and stuff but it was like i was so grateful to be there and it was really just thinking about
+NsZOczGIxl0-00154-00082448-00082904 that mindset and thinking about you know where i was in junior college and i was just like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00155-00082984-00083488 like what's the disconnect and i realized that i was reading a lot more i got into meditation
+NsZOczGIxl0-00156-00083488-00083928 and i was just a lot more grateful for where i was at in life and you know just how i was feeling
+NsZOczGIxl0-00157-00083928-00084328 and then along that i had i met some great teammates like landon wolfe who
+NsZOczGIxl0-00158-00084328-00084952 um you know introduced me into a whole other thinking and other thought processes and just
+NsZOczGIxl0-00159-00084952-00085664 really helped me to um expand my thinking and you know i just continue to be grateful and continue
+NsZOczGIxl0-00160-00085664-00086200 to just enjoy myself being there it's like i really started to see things change like just
+NsZOczGIxl0-00161-00086256-00087016 not even you know with just my game but i just saw like how i was being treated how how
+NsZOczGIxl0-00162-00087216-00087648 i really don't even know how to describe it man it was just a completely different witch in my life
+NsZOczGIxl0-00163-00087648-00088208 like it was just once i switched that instead of my head everything else changed and so it was like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00164-00088208-00088680 things i just felt like i was being favored all the time and it just continued to build up
+NsZOczGIxl0-00165-00088680-00089240 until you know i got into got into a position where it was like oh like i'm about to play
+NsZOczGIxl0-00166-00089240-00089776 you know what i'm saying and it was just crazy how it went from one second to not where i wanted to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00167-00089776-00090232 be and then another second to being where i wanted to be and it was all because of a mindset switch
+NsZOczGIxl0-00168-00090512-00091240 wow wow yeah i'm a i'm a firm believer that when we you know when we begin to shift our mindset
+NsZOczGIxl0-00169-00091240-00091880 and just like you're talking about being grateful yeah it a lot it allows us to see so many other
+NsZOczGIxl0-00170-00091880-00092296 opportunities and view the world differently right because we can walk outside and say
+NsZOczGIxl0-00171-00092296-00092752 god mike it's hot it's hell outside i'm not about to do nothing out here because it's just hot
+NsZOczGIxl0-00172-00092752-00093288 but then we can also walk outside and just say wow the sun is shining today i mean i'm able to enjoy
+NsZOczGIxl0-00173-00093288-00093816 you know just enjoy this fresh air versus it raining or whatever it might be but when we
+NsZOczGIxl0-00174-00093816-00094344 began to shift that perspective and the thought process then the world i think the world opens
+NsZOczGIxl0-00175-00094344-00095312 up in a different way without a doubt yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah so micah of of of of everywhere
+NsZOczGIxl0-00176-00095312-00095808 right of of all the schools of all the places of all the divisions and i'm not even sure if
+NsZOczGIxl0-00177-00095808-00096312 naia has has football or not i'm pretty sure that they do but why why minnesota state
+NsZOczGIxl0-00178-00096472-00096896 uh yeah right so it was it was funny like going back into the
+NsZOczGIxl0-00179-00096896-00097344 the decision i had to make when i was coming out of uh junior college was like what i was gonna do
+NsZOczGIxl0-00180-00097344-00097792 it was kind of a similar thing but it was it was different this time because i had a lot more
+NsZOczGIxl0-00181-00097792-00098464 clout around my name coming around at oklahoma state it was like uh it was just different and
+NsZOczGIxl0-00182-00098464-00098968 it was like the most highly recruited i have been and so i talked to a bunch of people and
+NsZOczGIxl0-00183-00099064-00099656 um you know going for my last year it was kind of a situation of me coming back into osu that first
+NsZOczGIxl0-00184-00099656-00100192 time it was just like man like i'm just really grateful that i have another chance to play again
+NsZOczGIxl0-00185-00100192-00100728 because i got hurt last year and things just did not go the way i wanted to go and i thought that
+NsZOczGIxl0-00186-00100728-00100984 was going to be my last year and i was going to be the end of it and that would have been
+NsZOczGIxl0-00187-00101056-00101568 you know a heartbreaking way to end things so it was a thing of like i was just so grateful to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00188-00101568-00102008 have another chance another opportunity and i was like i don't want to mess it up i don't want to um
+NsZOczGIxl0-00189-00102088-00102576 i don't want to let it go to waste and you know talking to all the other schools that i talked to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00190-00102632-00103328 i talked to some some big schools but it was the thing of uh it was a thing of like they
+NsZOczGIxl0-00191-00103328-00103848 uh might have just wanted me to have me there it wasn't a thing of like they saw me being the guy
+NsZOczGIxl0-00192-00104008-00104696 so you know i talked to a lot of schools and you know minnesota state was the one that like saw me
+NsZOczGIxl0-00193-00104696-00105183 at they're like yo like we need you here like that like we we see you like we we had a really good
+NsZOczGIxl0-00194-00105183-00105776 guy before we think you could do just what he was doing and it was a thing of that they win way more
+NsZOczGIxl0-00195-00105776-00106208 than any other school i was talking to because you know going to a lower division school you're not
+NsZOczGIxl0-00196-00106311-00107016 um you know it's not always the sexiest thing and so but when i found out how much they win
+NsZOczGIxl0-00197-00107016-00107576 uh how much they run the ball it was just a it was an easy decision man like they lost
+NsZOczGIxl0-00198-00107576-00108024 in the national championship last year they haven't lost their season game in four years
+NsZOczGIxl0-00199-00108144-00108648 they run the ball more than pretty much any other team in the country so it was a i was like i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00200-00108648-00109232 can't imagine a better way to end my last year of college football than coming here and you know i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00201-00109232-00109648 feel like it's kind of like a victory lap for me i feel like i've been through a lot in my career
+NsZOczGIxl0-00202-00109648-00110328 and you know i'm getting this opportunity now to finish things the way i want to yeah man i think
+NsZOczGIxl0-00203-00110328-00110711 one like one thing that you said i don't want to blow past and i want the people who
+NsZOczGIxl0-00204-00110711-00111135 are listening to miss you know if they might be a up-and-coming college football player
+NsZOczGIxl0-00205-00111135-00111448 or student athlete or you know if they haven't even made it there just yet but
+NsZOczGIxl0-00206-00111544-00112072 you said you found the system that really works for you like you said they run the ball for one
+NsZOczGIxl0-00207-00112072-00112768 which it which is necessary because you're running back so that was definitely uh then even on top
+NsZOczGIxl0-00208-00112768-00113208 of that you said they got a good tradition so if they got a good tradition then they have some good
+NsZOczGIxl0-00209-00113208-00113728 things in place already some good practices and and they're implementing some stuff in in place
+NsZOczGIxl0-00210-00113728-00114280 and man looking back that's one of the things that i wish that i did a better job of finding a better
+NsZOczGIxl0-00211-00114280-00114735 system that really worked for me but man i mean i think that's really dope you know you found you
+NsZOczGIxl0-00212-00114735-00115335 found a place that works for you you found a place to that to that values you right you're not just
+NsZOczGIxl0-00213-00115335-00115840 another number just another guy with the pads to hold up the dummies or do whatever else like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00214-00115840-00116352 you matter so i think that's dope too that's really dope man like it's you want to go where
+NsZOczGIxl0-00215-00116352-00116848 you're celebrated and not just tolerate it you know i mean and it's a thing of also like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00216-00117072-00117511 i i'm at a point where it's like i can push my ego to the side as far as like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00217-00117511-00118144 oh like i need to be division one or i need to um be power five or play in front of all
+NsZOczGIxl0-00218-00118144-00118472 these other people it's like i got to do that i got to experience that i got to play at that
+NsZOczGIxl0-00219-00118472-00119032 level i got to score a touchdown at that level like and i'm grateful for it and so thankfully
+NsZOczGIxl0-00220-00119032-00119511 i'm in a position now where i can just look at what is the best situation for me i don't think
+NsZOczGIxl0-00221-00119511-00119944 people do that a lot of times like they want you know the glitz that come with it and it's
+NsZOczGIxl0-00222-00119944-00120496 understandable i wanted it to and so i was lucky enough to get another opportunity to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00223-00120496-00121064 like really just look and find out what the best situation was for me and you know it ended up
+NsZOczGIxl0-00224-00121144-00121696 and that's what i ended up doing and you know i have no regrets i've enjoyed my time so much here
+NsZOczGIxl0-00225-00122008-00122344 so you said you wanted to do something interesting this year micah you
+NsZOczGIxl0-00226-00122344-00122768 you you said you had some up your sleeve this year you said you want to do something
+NsZOczGIxl0-00227-00122832-00123232 as you're just like you said as you're taking your victory left man talk a little bit about
+NsZOczGIxl0-00228-00123232-00123776 that and talk about why like why this is something that you want to do what the what the what are
+NsZOczGIxl0-00229-00123776-00124183 you referring to you know what i'm referring to michael we're talking about we're talking about
+NsZOczGIxl0-00230-00124183-00124768 you documenting your life man you documenting your life this this this year talk about that man oh
+NsZOczGIxl0-00231-00124768-00125383 man it was a man like i was just sitting at the house and i was just thinking i was like man like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00232-00125488-00125983 i like to you know somehow like tell my story i don't know how i was gonna do it like and it
+NsZOczGIxl0-00233-00125983-00126456 just kind of slowly started coming together i was like what if i did like some little youtube
+NsZOczGIxl0-00234-00126456-00127016 series about me just documenting my last season playing with football meanwhile i had no um
+NsZOczGIxl0-00235-00127104-00127480 i was not thinking about the nil nothing like that going on like i was just thinking
+NsZOczGIxl0-00236-00127480-00127824 in my head like you know how could i do this what would that look like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00237-00127824-00128383 and so it just went from me thinking about it one day to me looking up videographers in my area
+NsZOczGIxl0-00238-00128383-00128880 and you know when i interviewed them found the ones that i liked and i like broke it down to what
+NsZOczGIxl0-00239-00128880-00129496 i was trying to do and you know he saw the vision for what it was going to be started filming stuff
+NsZOczGIxl0-00240-00129496-00130008 um started editing started putting it together and just started releasing it was it happened just
+NsZOczGIxl0-00241-00130008-00130352 like that it was really a thing of like i thought about it one day and then i just did it the next
+NsZOczGIxl0-00242-00130352-00130992 day and so uh i mean i'm really excited for it i haven't got all the logistics worked out down here
+NsZOczGIxl0-00243-00130992-00131472 in minnesota about how it's gonna work you know i still gotta talk to some people as far as you know
+NsZOczGIxl0-00244-00131472-00132160 what they'll allow me to do and what they want so but regardless it'll still be getting done um
+NsZOczGIxl0-00245-00132264-00132808 it'll still be shown um and what capacity i don't know but i still got to get all that
+NsZOczGIxl0-00246-00132808-00133464 figured out but it'll be anything it'll still be just as the other three episodes were and uh i'm
+NsZOczGIxl0-00247-00133464-00134176 excited to keep keep working on it and keep it going yeah man yeah yeah yeah so so what it so
+NsZOczGIxl0-00248-00134176-00134632 what would make you happy just in regards to the in-game goal of it so let's fast forward
+NsZOczGIxl0-00249-00134632-00135136 we're at the end of the season you've documented it like what what do you what do you want to see
+NsZOczGIxl0-00250-00135136-00135728 come from this or you know what like what do you feel is the purpose of this thing yeah i think
+NsZOczGIxl0-00251-00135728-00136088 i think it's a lot of things right like it's it's a passion project for me because it's my
+NsZOczGIxl0-00252-00136088-00136560 it's my story it's me and so i i want people to see it i think it's a story that
+NsZOczGIxl0-00253-00136728-00137168 a lot of people really anybody relate to if you've ever had a goal if you've ever wanted
+NsZOczGIxl0-00254-00137168-00137656 to achieve something i think it's a story that transcends just football or sports like it's a
+NsZOczGIxl0-00255-00137656-00138136 story of somebody wanting something and not being at the level to get it and then work until you
+NsZOczGIxl0-00256-00138136-00138592 got to that level to get it and so it's i think that's something a lot of people can relate to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00257-00138592-00139144 um i've already had a bunch of people hit me up and tell me about how how it's helped them or
+NsZOczGIxl0-00258-00139144-00139648 how it's inspired them and i that's that's really all the goal is for it i would like to get some
+NsZOczGIxl0-00259-00139728-00140136 just get some more attention to it i like everybo everybody who can see it to see it
+NsZOczGIxl0-00260-00140136-00140576 i just want to i want i want to get it to as many eyes as possible that's that's the main goal for
+NsZOczGIxl0-00261-00140576-00141136 me i don't really i'm not trying to make any money off of it this is not about money at all for me
+NsZOczGIxl0-00262-00141136-00141832 i'd like to get it paid for that would be that but uh i don't want to get paid from it i don't need
+NsZOczGIxl0-00263-00141832-00142432 that i just i wanted to help someone man so that's why i'm doing it gotcha man yeah that's dope
+NsZOczGIxl0-00264-00142432-00142928 that's that's dope that's dope so now i want to i'm gonna throw you like a slight curve ball i i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00265-00142928-00143888 want to i want you just to let me know who who is micah cooper okay uh it's a complex question right
+NsZOczGIxl0-00266-00144056-00144960 hey hey man hey a lot of people man i think overall he's someone that um is continually
+NsZOczGIxl0-00267-00145056-00145552 working on himself i don't classify myself like i don't just think i'm
+NsZOczGIxl0-00268-00145552-00145896 a great person i think i'm someone that's striving to be a good person
+NsZOczGIxl0-00269-00145896-00146328 so it's like i'm continually working on myself to try and be better i'm not where i want to be
+NsZOczGIxl0-00270-00146424-00146792 and i'm not going to be complacent even if i get to a place that i think it's pretty good i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00271-00146792-00147272 want to continue to work on myself continue to be better and that's in all aspects of my life that's
+NsZOczGIxl0-00272-00147272-00147864 you know in sports and relationships and just you know self-development as a whole like i just want
+NsZOczGIxl0-00273-00147864-00148288 to continue to be better and so it's cool to see where i've come from because i haven't you
+NsZOczGIxl0-00274-00148288-00148920 know always been a person that i feel like people should look at or um you know should follow after
+NsZOczGIxl0-00275-00148920-00149544 and i still don't know if i am all the way but i know that i'm better than what i was and so um
+NsZOczGIxl0-00276-00149544-00149984 i'm just a person that's trying to grow trying to get better and trying to help people along the way
+NsZOczGIxl0-00277-00150208-00150552 that's real micah that's real man i mean that's that's him
+NsZOczGIxl0-00278-00150968-00151920 oh man fair enough man fair enough fair enough so let's say we fast forward life right let we
+NsZOczGIxl0-00279-00151920-00152592 fast forward and we'll we'll go five years down the line okay where do you want to be
+NsZOczGIxl0-00280-00152592-00153080 five years from now you wanna be able to look back and say i said this was gonna happen in
+NsZOczGIxl0-00281-00153080-00153568 that interview and i sat down with jonathan i'm beyond the ball i told him this was gonna happen
+NsZOczGIxl0-00282-00153568-00153936 and i told him it was gonna happen like this what do you want to be able to look at and say
+NsZOczGIxl0-00283-00154120-00154760 i would like to have had this thing take off you know that i'm doing um um just skyrocket me
+NsZOczGIxl0-00284-00154896-00155536 you know maybe it's in the media field um maybe it helps me get into the nfl have a
+NsZOczGIxl0-00285-00155536-00156032 have an nfl career hopefully in five years down the road i'd be doing good enough to still be in
+NsZOczGIxl0-00286-00156032-00156528 still be having to get in my second contract have a have a little bit of money in my pocket
+NsZOczGIxl0-00287-00156528-00157320 um have a be settled down as far as knowing what i want to do with my family situation um
+NsZOczGIxl0-00288-00157616-00157928 being in a place that i am able to now put other people
+NsZOczGIxl0-00289-00157928-00158280 on let other people get their voices out let other people tell their stories
+NsZOczGIxl0-00290-00158632-00158968 yeah i just want to be in a position where i can help other people so if that's
+NsZOczGIxl0-00291-00158968-00159328 you know whether that's me playing football or that's somewhere me in like some
+NsZOczGIxl0-00292-00159328-00159784 media field you know that's where i want to be i want to be i don't want to keep trying
+NsZOczGIxl0-00293-00159784-00160248 to push myself out for it i'm only doing this so i can be able to do it for other people so
+NsZOczGIxl0-00294-00160456-00161104 that's real man that's real that's real that's real that's real so now look i'll go ahead
+NsZOczGIxl0-00295-00161104-00161664 ahead oh no no what you got what you got i was just i was gonna say like i think it's a it's
+NsZOczGIxl0-00296-00161664-00162328 funny like doing this stuff with the series and stuff i think you get a common um theme of like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00297-00162400-00162824 you know oh like this dude wants attention like this dude wants to be seen and all this stuff like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00298-00162824-00163328 i'm really not like i did not want to do this i felt it felt like something i needed to do and so
+NsZOczGIxl0-00299-00163400-00163760 if i had a choice or i believe that i didn't need to do it i wouldn't have done it like i don't like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00300-00163760-00164248 being in kent on camera i don't like seeing myself talk like i don't like hearing myself talk like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00301-00164248-00164840 i don't want to be on video nothing and so it's funny like how it's just been a change for me uh
+NsZOczGIxl0-00302-00164840-00165192 not really wanting to do any of those things to like constantly having to be in front of the
+NsZOczGIxl0-00303-00165192-00165648 camera constantly having to talk to people and you know do all this other stuff and it's just
+NsZOczGIxl0-00304-00165648-00166208 a funny uh transition that i was just thinking about yeah man i mean i think it's interesting
+NsZOczGIxl0-00305-00166208-00166904 just because if we at the end of the day if we think about any type of movement right any
+NsZOczGIxl0-00306-00166904-00167496 type of movement any type of product there's a face that's eventually associated with it amazon
+NsZOczGIxl0-00307-00167496-00168080 jeff bezos we talk jordan the logo or the person is you know it's connected nike
+NsZOczGIxl0-00308-00168256-00168832 at the end at the end of it all i think when it comes down to getting out of story getting out a
+NsZOczGIxl0-00309-00168832-00169424 message the best way is for the person to tell the story because when the person tells a story or in
+NsZOczGIxl0-00310-00169424-00170120 your case shows the story you know uh with you know life of coup then that's the time to where
+NsZOczGIxl0-00311-00170184-00170608 people get connected with you and then when people get connected with you then they're like well i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00312-00170608-00171104 want to find out more about him oh wow i like this guy let me support because people at the end of
+NsZOczGIxl0-00313-00171104-00171784 the day people don't support just off the strength of supporting very few people support based off
+NsZOczGIxl0-00314-00171784-00172368 of you know off of the emotion off of something plugging at the heart strings like oh my goodness
+NsZOczGIxl0-00315-00172368-00172896 i felt connected with micah when he was in his garage and he was doing a bench press and he was
+NsZOczGIxl0-00316-00172896-00173488 curling those 45s on each side and i don't know i've seen that i said my back started hurting
+NsZOczGIxl0-00317-00173488-00174160 when i saw you do that i was like nah bruh that's some real grown man wait i'm glad you watched it
+NsZOczGIxl0-00318-00174352-00174696 you know it's funny like just going back a little bit today like that's what i realized
+NsZOczGIxl0-00319-00174696-00175176 with building an audience like i think so many people think like it's just something
+NsZOczGIxl0-00320-00175176-00175512 i just learned too because i didn't know any different but i think some people just think like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00321-00175512-00175936 you put the product out there and people are just going to run to it and it's like that's it like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00322-00175936-00176496 the job and that's not how and i think a lot of times people just want to put that stuff out there
+NsZOczGIxl0-00323-00176496-00176888 don't want to reach out to the people that could potentially be watching it or do anything like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00324-00176888-00177304 that and it's that's been a whole other side of the game is like building the audience
+NsZOczGIxl0-00325-00177304-00177816 and i think it's really underrated quality of like really talking to the people that
+NsZOczGIxl0-00326-00177816-00178336 would really enjoy your content like i go and talk to every subscriber that i have probably
+NsZOczGIxl0-00327-00178336-00178792 on my youtube channel i think we're almost at 500 now i've talked and had a conversation with each
+NsZOczGIxl0-00328-00178792-00179280 and every one of them i sit there and talk to them and it's a thing of like they actually support
+NsZOczGIxl0-00329-00179280-00179688 what i'm doing it's not a thing i'm like oh i'm just watching this guy that's on youtube it's on
+NsZOczGIxl0-00330-00179688-00180152 no i actually know this person i can if i send a message out he's going to respond to it
+NsZOczGIxl0-00331-00180152-00180448 you know what i'm saying like i actually go and have conversations and so
+NsZOczGIxl0-00332-00180560-00180968 i would say for anyone that's like trying to build something like you need to actually be
+NsZOczGIxl0-00333-00180968-00181344 able to touch the people you need to actually be able to have conversations with the people and
+NsZOczGIxl0-00334-00181344-00181736 you know that's a really underrated and important quality and you know trying to build something
+NsZOczGIxl0-00335-00181952-00182320 coop you came through with that bar right there i don't know if you realize it or not but you just
+NsZOczGIxl0-00336-00182320-00182936 came through because oh my goodness like that that's heavy that that's heavy and especially
+NsZOczGIxl0-00337-00182936-00183392 i don't even really want to talk about it but we can talk a little bit about nil and i'm only
+NsZOczGIxl0-00338-00183392-00183952 going to say that just because of what you just said because like i'm on the other side
+NsZOczGIxl0-00339-00183952-00184576 now right you know i've been the student athlete i played i guess what some could call semi-pro
+NsZOczGIxl0-00340-00184712-00185256 not really but um then on the other side of it it's like like i'm reaching out to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00341-00185256-00185616 colleges day after day after day after day i'm reaching out to student athletes to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00342-00185616-00186040 to see about you know interviewing them bringing them on like how we me and you being connected
+NsZOczGIxl0-00343-00186040-00186480 but i think a lot of student athletes are missing it like a lot of them are missing
+NsZOczGIxl0-00344-00186480-00187032 because yes there are some top marquee players who they put out something people don't support
+NsZOczGIxl0-00345-00187032-00187584 just because they like that person or you know they are an alum of that university
+NsZOczGIxl0-00346-00187584-00188104 but a lot of people aren't engaging they're not even engaging in the comments when people comment
+NsZOczGIxl0-00347-00188104-00188640 on their pictures and they post i i think it's just like the air that we grew up in like it's
+NsZOczGIxl0-00348-00188720-00189192 because i got killed up in that too like i used to do like i used to be that guy like i would like oh
+NsZOczGIxl0-00349-00189192-00189704 like now we don't respond like we uh we just like it we keep it moving like this i don't know what
+NsZOczGIxl0-00350-00189704-00190080 it is it's a thing of like trying to be cool or whatever and i just realized that like trying to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00351-00190080-00190576 be cool and all that stuff is just overrated man like that's not who i am as a person like i am
+NsZOczGIxl0-00352-00190576-00191112 i'm someone who talks to everybody like i don't not talk to people and so i was like why am i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00353-00191112-00191608 trying to be this thing i'm not bro like this is not how i do things it's not high-end life so
+NsZOczGIxl0-00354-00191608-00192000 if you go look at my instagram comment i comment back on everyone that says something because
+NsZOczGIxl0-00355-00192000-00192616 that's just lying and so you know i did a you know when i was trying to do promotions for the channel
+NsZOczGIxl0-00356-00192616-00193288 i went on like read it and i did the ama on there and i probably spent a full day like a full day
+NsZOczGIxl0-00357-00193288-00193856 like attentively responding to everybody on there because they went crazy on there doing an ama on a
+NsZOczGIxl0-00358-00193856-00194240 college football reddit and i i sat there and responded to everybody
+NsZOczGIxl0-00359-00194240-00194824 i do i every single person there's probably like 500 500 600 comments i responded to everybody
+NsZOczGIxl0-00360-00194824-00195128 because it's just that's what you got to do like if you're trying to build something you
+NsZOczGIxl0-00361-00195128-00195616 want people to follow you want people to um go look at what you're saying you got to add some
+NsZOczGIxl0-00362-00195616-00195976 value you got to give something to them you can't just be like here you know take this
+NsZOczGIxl0-00363-00195976-00196920 go do whatever you're gonna go do with it and so it's just this is not how it works oh man
+NsZOczGIxl0-00364-00196920-00197632 that's that's so real and i i think it's really interesting to hear you hear you say that knowing
+NsZOczGIxl0-00365-00197632-00198208 that you're literally in the process of building this thing out like and and i won't let you know
+NsZOczGIxl0-00366-00198208-00198784 i think you're doing a phenomenal job of building it out just from like how i've seen you for one
+NsZOczGIxl0-00367-00198784-00199328 put the content out to the quality of the content like you're putting out some high quality content
+NsZOczGIxl0-00368-00199496-00200016 so you know so see seeing you do that but then also knowing that you're engaging with the people
+NsZOczGIxl0-00369-00200016-00200504 the people when i can only imagine like like let's say it's a high school kid let's say
+NsZOczGIxl0-00370-00200504-00201064 it's a college kid whoever i can only imagine somebody who they comment on your posting like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00371-00201064-00201624 oh man i see this guy michael cooper big time athlete he's not gonna connect with me
+NsZOczGIxl0-00372-00201624-00201984 hey i just wanna let you know you really inspire me by your content you're putting out on youtube
+NsZOczGIxl0-00373-00202040-00202440 and then you respond back to him with a comment yeah micah oh my goodness
+NsZOczGIxl0-00374-00202584-00203032 and that's that's just what you gotta do like i said it's something you gotta do right like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00375-00203032-00203616 i said i think we're almost at 500 subscribers right now and if it doesn't grow anymore that's
+NsZOczGIxl0-00376-00203616-00204000 because i didn't reach out to anybody else you know what i'm saying it only grows because i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00377-00204000-00204440 go and talk to other people and and go and have conversations with people to grow it so
+NsZOczGIxl0-00378-00204600-00205160 that's just what it is like that's what you got to do you know that's that's the format i'm following
+NsZOczGIxl0-00379-00205319-00205912 there man there it is yeah there it is there it is there it is so mike
+NsZOczGIxl0-00380-00205912-00206144 and now we're going we're going to take a little we're going to take a little uh
+NsZOczGIxl0-00381-00206200-00206608 transition and we're going to transition to what i like to call it a two-minute drill
+NsZOczGIxl0-00382-00206776-00207304 and in the two-minute drill i'm gonna ask you a few rapid fire questions and just let the people
+NsZOczGIxl0-00383-00207304-00207856 see a different side of you from a different angle so are you ready i guess we're gonna say right
+NsZOczGIxl0-00384-00208104-00208840 all right all right and here we go favorite food uh burgers okay okay what's that what's
+NsZOczGIxl0-00385-00208840-00209712 the last book you read uh conversations with god book two okay what's the most underrated cereal
+NsZOczGIxl0-00386-00209928-00210488 honey bunches of oats okay what's your go-to streaming show of preference
+NsZOczGIxl0-00387-00210632-00211152 uh the office when it was on netflix the show man so slept on i didn't know bro i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00388-00211152-00211712 didn't know i was so slept on i i did not know bro it was crazy i used to watch it
+NsZOczGIxl0-00389-00211712-00212544 before like when it was actually on tv i was watching it then um and on it yeah you you you
+NsZOczGIxl0-00390-00212544-00212904 you definitely was on you definitely was on and then now you and now you can take your time on
+NsZOczGIxl0-00391-00212904-00213496 this one but what's one tip that you want to leave for a student athlete student athlete um take care
+NsZOczGIxl0-00392-00213496-00214328 of your body as far as um take care of your body you know physically as far as like doing what you
+NsZOczGIxl0-00393-00214328-00214823 need to do is stretching rolling out and all that stuff like people don't realize like the longer
+NsZOczGIxl0-00394-00214919-00215232 it's a it's a thing of kind of how i was talking about earlier it's about who's gonna last the
+NsZOczGIxl0-00395-00215232-00215744 longest who's gonna show up every day like if you can continually show up every day and be able to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00396-00215744-00216152 give i'm not gonna say 100 because that's not realistic but if you can show up every
+NsZOczGIxl0-00397-00216152-00216736 day and give at least 85 85 to 90 and there's people that coming in that's got to sit out
+NsZOczGIxl0-00398-00216736-00217080 you're going to start moving your way in front of other people it's a thing of
+NsZOczGIxl0-00399-00217080-00217656 like with tom brady and uh um oh boy i can't even remember his name now uh when tom brady
+NsZOczGIxl0-00400-00217656-00218128 came in you know what i'm saying he was ready to he was healthy you know what i'm saying so it's
+NsZOczGIxl0-00401-00218128-00218512 like continually taking everybody those are the people that are gonna last those are the people
+NsZOczGIxl0-00402-00218512-00219000 that are going to get the most opportunities and um after that i would say take care of your mental
+NsZOczGIxl0-00403-00219000-00219319 that's the thing that you got to do on the other side that's the thing that's going to help you
+NsZOczGIxl0-00404-00219480-00219976 you know leapfrog a lot of those people that are in front of you that's real that's real
+NsZOczGIxl0-00405-00219976-00220480 that's real and who is one guest that you would like to see me interview next on beyond the ball
+NsZOczGIxl0-00406-00220776-00221232 i would love to see you talking marshawn lane i feel like that would be dope man if i can get
+NsZOczGIxl0-00407-00221232-00221719 marshall lynch on here i will pull up on him out there in california if i can get marshall lynch on
+NsZOczGIxl0-00408-00221719-00222232 on the podcast i'm gonna reach out i'm gonna reach out because hey cause i mean cause i cuz
+NsZOczGIxl0-00409-00222232-00222616 i seen i seen you wearing this hoodie when you was doing your workout in the garage
+NsZOczGIxl0-00410-00222696-00223216 that's my i love to meet him one day man i'd be like that's he inspired me bro i want to meet
+NsZOczGIxl0-00411-00223216-00223808 everybody that's inspired me man like i love to i'd love to meet marshawn lynch you know andrew
+NsZOczGIxl0-00412-00223808-00224223 charlemagne i love to meet all those guys that like really played an integral part in like
+NsZOczGIxl0-00413-00224223-00224480 inspiring me to be where i'm at like that would be super dope
+NsZOczGIxl0-00414-00224623-00225456 i saw that you interviewed uh oh dude from um from last chance you oh yeah yeah yeah yeah yeah so i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00415-00225456-00226023 got um so i so i got dior from the football season and i got three of the coaches from the basketball
+NsZOczGIxl0-00416-00226023-00226519 i got two of the coaches from basketball and then i got uh deshawn from the basketball season from
+NsZOczGIxl0-00417-00226519-00226984 the last one but yeah man we we working out here micah just like you said you got to reach out man
+NsZOczGIxl0-00418-00227071-00227240 who's been your favorite person at your interview
+NsZOczGIxl0-00419-00227423-00228000 oh man it's actually not even like typically the mark the top marquee so coach rob i really
+NsZOczGIxl0-00420-00228000-00228544 enjoyed that interview because he because like i related with him a lot because i used to be a
+NsZOczGIxl0-00421-00228544-00229200 team manager so i enjoyed that interview but one interview that i really enjoyed was dr emmett gill
+NsZOczGIxl0-00422-00229200-00229656 i interviewed him yeah y'all know who he is i'm gonna send you the link when she wants to get off
+NsZOczGIxl0-00423-00229656-00230344 but i interviewed him and he he's a psychologist but he talks about like the black male experience
+NsZOczGIxl0-00424-00230560-00231160 different level different level you you would be able to appreciate dr mcgill yeah yeah yeah
+NsZOczGIxl0-00425-00231160-00231592 yeah all right i know this is your interview but i got some questions for you since we're on here but
+NsZOczGIxl0-00426-00231592-00232016 oh man okay what you got what you got for me what is your goal in doing this like what is what is
+NsZOczGIxl0-00427-00232016-00232448 your end goal where are you trying to see yourself with this and like what what are you trying to do
+NsZOczGIxl0-00428-00232536-00233144 well the so the original purpose that i that i took from from starting this podcast it was
+NsZOczGIxl0-00429-00233144-00233728 literally to help student athletes be successful transitioning from college to career like i'm not
+NsZOczGIxl0-00430-00233728-00234352 necessarily saying corporate job but whatever it is right so that like that's why i bring different
+NsZOczGIxl0-00431-00234352-00234904 people on some people been entrepreneurs some people have been you know uh people in finance
+NsZOczGIxl0-00432-00234904-00235352 that i just that's why i bring people just on from all over different type of stuff so the goal is to
+NsZOczGIxl0-00433-00235352-00235848 continue to do that but i'm going to do it at a higher level so i would love to have a like a
+NsZOczGIxl0-00434-00235848-00236319 production studio with them really expensive mics that charlemagne and them have on a breakfast club
+NsZOczGIxl0-00435-00236319-00236928 with the really high-powered cameras in having like a live studio audience and then doing those
+NsZOczGIxl0-00436-00236928-00237440 around the country at different colleges yeah bro yeah you got to bring me back get all that going
+NsZOczGIxl0-00437-00237519-00237976 yeah man hey i i mean i i definitely will but yeah that's definitely the goal man continue
+NsZOczGIxl0-00438-00237976-00238423 to build this thing out equip student athletes with everything that they need to be successful
+NsZOczGIxl0-00439-00238423-00238992 and you know and then from there we'll see what happens but right now i'm doing this but then
+NsZOczGIxl0-00440-00238992-00239512 i'm also teaching other people how to uh how to start their own podcast so i partnered with
+NsZOczGIxl0-00441-00239512-00239992 west virginia university and man i'm planning i'm i want to partner with more schools because
+NsZOczGIxl0-00442-00239992-00240656 i don't think that people understand the power of podcasting so yeah man well i'm i'm grateful
+NsZOczGIxl0-00443-00240656-00241048 that you've had me on here and you've let me be a part of your journey and you've been a
+NsZOczGIxl0-00444-00241048-00241616 part of mine so so i'm thankful to be here man yeah bro most definitely most definitely let
+NsZOczGIxl0-00445-00241616-00242008 everybody know where they can find you follow you connect with you and follow your journey
+NsZOczGIxl0-00446-00242008-00242623 yeah you guys can watch the show um life a coup it's uh my youtube channel uh life of
+NsZOczGIxl0-00447-00242623-00243016 coup and then on instagram and twitter you guys can follow me at coop thm i got a tick
+NsZOczGIxl0-00448-00243016-00243552 tock too y'all can follow me on there coop thms all the same so go follow me on there you're on
+NsZOczGIxl0-00449-00243552-00243984 the youtube channel life group and as i said before you guys reach out to me i will respond
+NsZOczGIxl0-00450-00243984-00244456 so you know hit me up let me know what you think about the content and yeah i hope you guys love
+NsZOczGIxl0-00451-00244456-00245088 it there it is front front from the man himself micah man i i appreciate you taking time to stop
+NsZOczGIxl0-00452-00245088-00245600 by my brother and uh we'll we'll definitely stay connected for sure thanks for having me on man
+NsZOczGIxl0-00453-00245600-00246264 yes sir yes sir to all the ballers out there y'all just heard from the man himself mr mr micah cooper
+NsZOczGIxl0-00454-00246264-00246760 man he said he said he's out there at minnesota state i'm i'm excited for him uh man i haven't i
+NsZOczGIxl0-00455-00246760-00247119 haven't watched many college football games but if he shoots me the link then i'll definitely
+NsZOczGIxl0-00456-00247119-00247592 check it out uh when when he's on there running it back um so looking forward to that
+NsZOczGIxl0-00457-00247592-00248040 and just like you said you all connect with him uh follow his journey on youtube just type in life
+NsZOczGIxl0-00458-00248040-00248512 of coop i'm gonna have the link down in the show notes life of coop and also connect with him on
+NsZOczGIxl0-00459-00248512-00249167 his platforms uh coop t-h-m and shoot him a dm you know shoot him a message comment on the photos his
+NsZOczGIxl0-00460-00249167-00249656 videos and let him know what you thought right because he said he will he he will shout back
+NsZOczGIxl0-00461-00249656-00250248 at you but family make sure you all subscribe to the channel right here where we house uh beyond
+NsZOczGIxl0-00462-00250248-00250816 the ball you can just type in jonathanjonesspeaks and uh on my channel you can find more interviews
+NsZOczGIxl0-00463-00250816-00251280 with dope individuals like micah as well as we're gonna be diving deeper into podcasting
+NsZOczGIxl0-00464-00251280-00251976 tips and tricks and all that other stuff but until next time i'm jonathan jones and family
+NsZOczGIxl0-00465-00251976-00253584 you already know what it is this is beyond the ball where we help you succeed beyond your degree
+NsZOczGIxl0-00466-00254088-00254096 you
+Nt70sRS8XtI-00000-00000393-00001133 >> RMM solutions is a technology company, and simply, we design, we implement and we manage
+Nt70sRS8XtI-00001-00001133-00001937 technology largely for small-medium businesses and the education market. >> As you grow we've added 20
+Nt70sRS8XtI-00002-00001937-00002726 people in the last 12 months. That means you have to repeat and duplicate process and procedure over
+Nt70sRS8XtI-00003-00002726-00003428 and over. Not just process and procedure though, but company attitude, company ideas, owner ideas.
+Nt70sRS8XtI-00004-00003428-00004388 Northcentral Technical College does a fantastic job of offering different types of curriculum. We
+Nt70sRS8XtI-00005-00004388-00005012 were able to take the ideas and cascade them down to the employee set, in a manner that made sense
+Nt70sRS8XtI-00006-00005012-00005723 to repeat and constantly bring them out because repetition helps reinforce. So what happened is
+Nt70sRS8XtI-00007-00005723-00006377 we had a better alignment between our leadership team and our staff. It was custom made for us, so,
+Nt70sRS8XtI-00008-00006377-00006815 I love that about the training, so there's custom training that we can take advantage of and have
+Nt70sRS8XtI-00009-00006815-00007367 it delivered in the manner we want it delivered and in the time that we want it delivered.
+Nt70sRS8XtI-00010-00007367-00007759 We stopped them out, brought the ideas and we were able to make them work for our company
+NtVo_IKXB2U-00000-00000045-00000318 You are now viewing the Effort 099 channel
+NtVo_IKXB2U-00001-00000318-00000578 Make your own WhatsApp Stickers
+NuuMCkASUCA-00000-00000000-00002275 beautylacehair.com
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00000-00000182-00000776 We know that the fluid in our body is distributed in various compartments:
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00001-00000776-00001434 that is inside the cells known as the intracellular fluid and outside the
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00002-00001434-00001928 cells which is extracellular fluid which is further divided into various
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00003-00001928-00002826 compartments -inside the blood vessels and the interstitial fluid- the
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00004-00002826-00003398 interstitial fluid is surrounding the- fluid surrounding the cells and that
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00005-00003398-00004061 inside the blood vessels is plasma. Now the distribution of body fluid in
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00006-00004061-00004716 various compartments can be measured by applying principle of conservation of
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00007-00004716-00005973 mass. It's a very simple principle- so suppose I have a known amount of a
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00008-00005973-00007373 substance say mass M if I mix it in a solvent with a known volume say v.1 After
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00009-00007373-00007879 mixing the concentration of the substance can be determined by a formula:
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00010-00007879-00008717 mass upon V1. Now if we mix it in another container which is having
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00011-00008717-00009665 another volume say V2- the new concentration will be mass upon V2.
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00012-00009665-00010557 Now since mass remains the same- if it is not being destroyed then the
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00013-00010557-00011432 mass will remain the same- in that case we can write M is equal to M. So we
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00014-00011432-00012267 know that the M value can be calculated like C 1 V 1,- C 1 into V 1 right, so here
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00015-00012267-00013097 it will be we can write as C 1 V 1 is equal to C 2 V 2. So we already told that
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00016-00013097-00013836 if we know the initial volume V1,  right we can determine c1 by this
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00017-00013836-00014616 formula:  M by V 1. Now suppose we don't know how much is V 2, how can we
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00018-00014616-00015216 determine the volume V2 by this principle of conservation of mass? What
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00019-00015216-00015971 we do is that we can take out a sample of the solution and determine that
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00020-00015971-00016518 concentration of the substance in this particular solution so initially we
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00021-00016518-00017079 already know C 1, we already know V 1. By determining the concentration in this
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00022-00017079-00017622 new solution we will know C 2, thus by solving this equation we can determine
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00023-00017622-00018222 this unknown volume V2. This very principle we use for determination of
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00024-00018222-00018897 distribution of body fluids. But which volume would have we determined? Will it
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00025-00018897-00019782 be total body water? Will it be intracellular fluid? Will it be ECF? Or
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00026-00019782-00021048 within ECF it will be plasma or interstitial fluid? Now it depends where
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00027-00021048-00021647 the substance can freely go. So what we are doing we are injecting the substance-
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00028-00021647-00022467 the known concentration of a substance in a known volume into a vein by which
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00029-00022467-00023448 it is going into the circulation right. If a substance can freely cross
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00030-00023448-00024459 capillary membrane and also freely enter into the cells- that means after some
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00031-00024459-00025098 time it would have been present in all body fluid compartments. That means such
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00032-00025098-00025839 a substance will determine total body water. One such substance is radioactive
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00033-00025839-00026288 water or heavy water so
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00034-00026330-00027144 for determining total body water we use heavy water because when we inject it, it
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00035-00027144-00027798 will go into all body fluid compartments and by determining the concentration
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00036-00027798-00028895 back that is the C2 we will be able to determine the volume new volume. Now if a
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00037-00028895-00029399 substance can cross capillary membrane
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00038-00029408-00030144 but cannot enter into the cells so it will remain in two compartments see in
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00039-00030144-00030879 the blood vessel and in the interstitial flow. So in this case we will be able to
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00040-00030879-00031800 determine the extracellular fluid compartment. Such substances are ions so
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00041-00031800-00032723 radioactive sodium ions, chloride ions can be used to determine ECF compartment.
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00042-00032723-00033714 Now if a substance remains only in blood vessel and cannot go here neither enter
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00043-00033714-00034188 into the cells, that means it is remaining only into the plasma. So after
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00044-00034188-00034895 determining its concentration we will be able to determine the plasma volume.
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00045-00035090-00035721 Radio labeled albumin is used for this purpose because this protein is not
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00046-00035721-00036351 able to cross the capillary membrane and enter into any other compartment. In
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00047-00036351-00037337 summary we use principle of conservation of mass where M1 remains equal to m2 and
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00048-00037385-00038115 if we know the known concentration of a substance in a known volume and we can
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00049-00038115-00038769 determine the new concentration when the substance gets distributed in a new
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00050-00038769-00039446 volume we will be able to determine the new volume and
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00051-00039446-00040225 for this purpose substances used are based on which compartment they are able
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00052-00040225-00040955 to go. So we saw that we can determine total body water by heavy water, heavy
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00053-00040955-00041584 water is nothing but radio labeled water. Then extracellular fluid compartment can
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00054-00041584-00042538 be determined by radio labeled ions and the plasma volume can be determined by
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00055-00042538-00043672 radio labelled albumin. How much is intracellular blood that we have not
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00056-00043672-00044480 determined? It's simple we can calculate intracellular fluid by subtracting
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00057-00044480-00045421 extracellular fluid amount from total body water and similarly the amount of
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00058-00045469-00046199 interstitial fluid we can determine by subtracting plasma from extracellular
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00059-00046199-00047132 fluid volume. So this is the way how we determine the various body fluid
+NvmFBu5oM1Y-00060-00047132-00047407 compartments.
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00000-00000000-00000666 The Rock monitor The Rock monitor is a species of monitor lizard in the family varanidae the
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00001-00000666-00001248 species is endemic to Central East and Southern Africa it is the second longest lizard found on
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00002-00001248-00001812 the continent and the heaviest bodied locally it is called leguan or liquor wine The Rock monitor
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00003-00001812-00002226 are generalists feeding opportunistically on a broad variety of prey in the wild
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00004-00002298-00002778 tortoises make up a significant part of their diet and are swallowed hole due to the hard shell
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00005-00002838-00003336 otherwise this species consumes very little vertebrate prey eating primarily invertebrates
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00006-00003336-00003906 especially millipedes beetles mollusks and orthopterans millipedes for example form
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00007-00003906-00004368 nearly a quarter of their diet the monitors are apparently resistant to its poisonous secretions
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00008-00004428-00004896 they are not averse to occasionally Scavenging the corpses of vertebrate prey even those as
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00009-00004896-00005382 large as vervet monkeys which are sometimes Torn to Pieces by death rolling like a crocodilian
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00010-00005382-00005952 prior to consumption live vertebrate prey other than tortoises are usually too fast to catch for
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00011-00005952-00006498 these monitors and therefore form very little of their diet this contrasts with what is often a
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00012-00006498-00007181 diet of mostly vertebrates in captivity such as rodents or poultry description The Rock monitor
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00013-00007181-00007680 is the heaviest bodied lizard in Africa as adult males average about six to eight kilograms and
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00014-00007680-00008358 females weigh from 3.2 to 5 kilogram large mature males can attain 15 to 17 kilogram
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00015-00008424-00009024 it is the second longest African lizard after the Nile monitor The Rock monitor reaches two meters
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00016-00009024-00009612 in total length with its tail and body being of equal size mature specimens more typically will
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00017-00009612-00010278 measure 0.85 to 1.5 meters the head and neck are the same length and are distinct from each other
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00018-00010344-00010968 the bulbous convex snout gives an angular box-like appearance the fork tongue is pink or bluish
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00019-00010968-00011394 and the body scales are usually a mottled gray brown with yellowish or White markings
+N-PWKY6LcwI-00020-00011472-00011898 thanks for watching if you enjoy the video please like And subscribe
+NDrdVfGt10E-00000-00000000-00000200 Subscribe now
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00000-00000000-00000194 Welcome to the Life As Usual Video Blog
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00001-00000194-00000381 My name is Adam Thomas I want to take
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00002-00000381-00000585 you through one tool I use to get me
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00003-00000585-00000737 through a blog post I don't want to
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00004-00000737-00001065 write or project that I want to do but
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00005-00001065-00001250 don't have the energy to pursue and it's
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00006-00001250-00001430 one thing is called the 2-minute rule.
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00007-00003536-00003812 All you have to do is take a timer out and set it
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00008-00003812-00004037 for two minutes and for those two minutes
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00009-00004037-00004278 you have to dedicate yourself to the
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00010-00004278-00004575 task that you choose to do. You can't
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00011-00004575-00004719 afford to have any distractions
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00012-00004719-00004973 you have to put your cell phone away and
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00013-00004973-00005142 you can't have the TV on.
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00014-00005142-00005330 You have to give yourself directly to
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00015-00005330-00005532 the things that you want to do. If it's
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00016-00005532-00005775 writing then it's turning everything off
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00017-00005775-00005960 on your computer except the word
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00018-00005960-00006260 processor and start to type! What this
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00019-00006260-00006584 does is it gets your energy focus on one
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00020-00006584-00006972 way. What I find is when I focus I
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00021-00006972-00007092 get more energy
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00022-00007092-00007281 What you'll find is at the two minutes
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00023-00007281-00007464 you'll find yourself working harder and
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00024-00007464-00007686 harder on that one task to get something
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00025-00007686-00007893 done. I use this tool especially with my
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00026-00007893-00008064 energy is low and i'm just not feeling
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00027-00008064-00008127 it.
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00028-00008127-00008271 This could be the tools that propels
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00029-00008271-00008475 your project from going from the
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00030-00008475-00008679 graveyard into having momentum to carry
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00031-00008679-00008868 it through the day you get inspiration that you can use for creativity.
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00032-00008868-00009249 Remember, waiting just on inspiration is for amateurs. Using
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00033-00009249-00009422 something like the two-minute rule will
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00034-00009422-00009668 get you from being an amateur to
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00035-00009668-00009996 professional | unambiguous to clear focused. A
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00036-00009996-00010059 leader
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00037-00010059-00010410 thank you my name is Adam Thomas and thanks
+NJ5EIxYspLA-00038-00010410-00011654 for watching the Life As Usual Blog
+NK5eeu7gY90-00000-00000122-00000646 Sadhguru: Greetings and congratulations for the 73rd Independence Day
+NK5eeu7gY90-00001-00000646-00001188 these 72 years since India became independent
+NK5eeu7gY90-00002-00001188-00001502 many great strides the nation has taken
+NK5eeu7gY90-00003-00001502-00002480 in terms of economy business, science, technology and establishing the serenity of the nation
+NK5eeu7gY90-00004-00002480-00003200 all these things have been done but in our hunger for development
+NK5eeu7gY90-00005-00003200-00003796 in trying to fulfill the possibilities for the population that we have
+NK5eeu7gY90-00006-00003796-00004283 because we must understand when we got independence in 1947
+NK5eeu7gY90-00007-00004283-00004786 the average life expectancy of an Indian was 28 years
+NK5eeu7gY90-00008-00004786-00005314 so today it's nearly 70 or more so we've come a long way as a nation
+NK5eeu7gY90-00009-00005314-00005470 in all these efforts
+NK5eeu7gY90-00010-00005470-00006044 one thing that's taken a big hit is our soil and water
+NK5eeu7gY90-00011-00006044-00006452 we must free India of water crisis
+NK5eeu7gY90-00012-00006452-00006914 this should be our pledge attaining political freedom is one thing
+NK5eeu7gY90-00013-00006914-00007676 but ensuring that many generations of people who will be in this nation beyond us
+NK5eeu7gY90-00014-00007676-00008080 also live well he is an important commitment that we need to take
+NK5eeu7gY90-00015-00008080-00009265 let us free India of water crisis and ensure that future generations will live wonderfully well in this nation
+NM2dZiniM6Y-00000-00000000-00000501 Welcome to my video
+NM2dZiniM6Y-00001-00000505-00001000 Thank you for this video view
+NM2dZiniM6Y-00002-00001000-00001508 Like, sub, share, support my channel.
+NM2dZiniM6Y-00003-00001516-00002000 Thank you very much
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00000-00001408-00001616 It's been two years since it began.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00001-00001880-00002288 Two years since this war first started.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00002-00002512-00002984 Before it all, I was content.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00003-00003104-00003808 I could easily put up with the ranting and the raving of the common rabble.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00004-00003960-00004736 Nothing they did could ever anger me and it was good this way.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00005-00005184-00005784 Then... they came.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00006-00006264-00007184 I watched in horror as innocent anthros were torn limb from limb by these monsters.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00007-00007872-00008584 These demons in black armor.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00008-00009296-00009608 The sight of it was far too much for me to bear,
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00009-00009800-00010832 but all hope was not lost. For in that dark, desolate night came a spark of inspiration.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00010-00011360-00012144 From out of the darkness rose an atomic task force that would serve as my loyal soldiers,
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00011-00012296-00012784 would help me fight this growing menace.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00012-00012856-00013088 They had come from the american wasteland,
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00013-00013408-00013824 A desolate land ravaged by the horrors of nuclear warfare.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00014-00014104-00014647 Among them joined the ranks of Elder Maxson and General Russell Ward,
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00015-00014816-00015240 the leaders of the Brotherhood of Steel and the Enclave.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00016-00015519-00016000 They were the first to respond. The first to fire back.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00017-00016296-00016536 The enemy thought they could deal with me easily.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00018-00016808-00017072 But they were wrong.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00019-00017448-00017960 Years ago, I had found an artifact that would grant me omnipotent power.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00020-00018288-00018608 I had opened pandora's box.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00021-00018952-00019784 with it, I would become the guardian angel.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00022-00019928-00020168 I made a vow to be the redeemer.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00023-00020440-00020592 I would spill their blood,
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00024-00020888-00022000 I would shoot them in the face and from that point on, I swore I would have my revenge.
+NNdS1FqKOzk-00025-00022328-00022842 I would make them pay.
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00000-00000336-00000896 welcome to fact one in this episode we will rank and discuss top five strongest militaries in the
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00001-00000896-00001760 world number five japan the japanese military has a total of 1 million 98 000 active personnel which
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00002-00001760-00002272 makes it the fifth largest military in the world the japanese military has a number of impressive
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00003-00002272-00002944 weapon systems one of the most powerful is the mitsubishi a6 m0 fighter plane the zero is a very
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00004-00002944-00003464 fast aircraft that can reach speeds of over mach 2. it can also carry high-powered guns that can
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00005-00003464-00004015 destroy enemy targets the japanese military also has a number of other impressive weapon systems
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00006-00004072-00004848 these include tanks artillery and fighter jets the japanese military has a total of 5 500 tanks 3 000
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00007-00004848-00005456 artillery pieces and 400 fighter jets these weapon systems are capable of destroying enemy targets
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00008-00005456-00005984 quickly and efficiently japanese armed forces are counted amongst the top militaries in asia and the
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00009-00005984-00006736 world number four india india is one of the most powerful armies in the world the country has a
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00010-00006736-00007231 long history of fighting wars and has a large military budget its army is highly trained and
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00011-00007231-00007752 equipped with the latest weapons india's army is experienced in battling different types of enemies
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00012-00007823-00008232 india's army is very effective and is often able to achieve victory over its opponents
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00013-00008288-00008792 the second most populous nation in the world india comes at number four in case of military power
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00014-00008848-00009360 also india is one of the biggest armies in the world indian militaries consisting of total
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00015-00009360-00010240 military personnel of 5 127 000 and having 2119 aircraft 542 fighter aircraft 37 attack
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00016-00010240-00010960 helicopters one aircraft carriers number three china the people's republic of china is the most
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00017-00010960-00011480 powerful army in the world it has the largest military budget and it spends a large percentage
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00018-00011480-00012080 of its gdp on its military the people's republic of china has a well-trained and disciplined army
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00019-00012080-00012584 its soldiers are able to carry out complex battle plans and they are very effective in combat
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00020-00012584-00013056 the people's republic of china also has a large number of tanks artillery and armored
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00021-00013056-00013600 vehicles these weapons are used to attack enemy positions and they can also resist enemy advances
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00022-00013656-00014152 the people's republic of china is one of the few countries that is able to project power worldwide
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00023-00014152-00014528 it has a strong military presence in asia europe and the middle east
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00024-00014600-00015168 third most powerful military in the world chinese army has grown rapidly in terms of both size and
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00025-00015168-00015800 capability it has also made rapid strides in its military modernization program developing a range
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00026-00015800-00016263 of potentially game-changing military technologies including ballistic missiles and fifth-generation
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00027-00016263-00016784 aircraft chinese military consisting of total military personnel of three million three hundred
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00028-00016784-00017680 fifty-five thousand and three 3 260 aircraft 1 200 fighter aircraft 327 attack helicopters 3205
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00029-00017680-00018432 combat number two russia the russian federation is one of the world's leading military powers
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00030-00018432-00018888 it has a strong army and a well-developed infrastructure the russian military is made
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00031-00018888-00019368 up of several different branches including the army the air force and the navy
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00032-00019368-00019816 the russian army is the largest in the world with over one million soldiers in active service
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00033-00019880-00020248 the russian military has a well-regarded track record of success in combat
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00034-00020304-00020752 it has achieved numerous victories in wars across europe and asia over the past few decades
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00035-00020808-00021272 in particular it has been very successful in conflicts involving russia's neighbors such as
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00036-00021272-00021832 ukraine and georgia the russian military is also highly skilled in using modern technology to wage
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00037-00021832-00022328 war for example it is one of the world's leading producers of tanks and other armored vehicles
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00038-00022392-00022856 overall the russian military is one of the world's leading forces and is well equipped to protect
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00039-00022856-00023760 russia's interests russian militaries consisting of total military personnel of 3569 4144 aircraft
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00040-00023760-00024504 789 fighter aircraft 538 attack helicopters 13 000 combat tanks one aircraft carriers
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00041-00024640-00025304 number one united states the united states of america is by far the most powerful army in the
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00042-00025304-00025856 world the country has a military budget of over 600 billion dollars and its military forces are
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00043-00025856-00026336 among the most powerful in the world the united states army is the largest and most complex
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00044-00026336-00026944 military organization in the world it has over 1.3 million active duty personnel and over 800
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00045-00026944-00027392 000 reserve personnel it operates in more than 100 countries around the world
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00046-00027448-00027952 the united states army is well equipped and well trained its weapons are some of the most advanced
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00047-00027952-00028439 in the world its soldiers are highly trained in combat tactics and have a deep understanding of
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00048-00028439-00028968 military strategy they are also well equipped with state-of-the-art equipment such as vehicles
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00049-00028968-00029495 weapons and gear the united states army is one of the most successful militaries in history
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00050-00029552-00029992 it has successfully defended america against foreign attacks countless times over the years
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00051-00030056-00030416 it will continue to be one of america's key pillars of strength for years to come
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00052-00030480-00031000 the most powerful as well as strongest army in the world the most powerful as well as strongest
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00053-00031000-00031568 army in the world the us also has by far the most aircraft of any country the country has
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00054-00031568-00032383 cutting-edge technology like the navy's new rail gun also a large and well-trained human
+NPzvmPtQ1ly-00055-00033016-00033024 you
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+NW4yTceVLYU-00000-00000200-00000760 Hi everyone! This is the first-ever Chavy Chats. Chavy Chats is basically behind the scenes of the
+NW4yTceVLYU-00001-00000760-00001232 Otter Athletics program here. Right now we are going to go check out Men's Basketball practice.
+NW4yTceVLYU-00002-00001232-00001587 This is Chavy Chats episode one, let's getit!
+NW4yTceVLYU-00003-00004400-00004901 Alright, everybody, these are the seniors, you guys can introduce yourselves.
+NW4yTceVLYU-00004-00005001-00005081 I'm Andre.
+NW4yTceVLYU-00005-00005081-00005287 I'm Mike Johnson.
+NW4yTceVLYU-00006-00005287-00005408 Jordan May.
+NW4yTceVLYU-00007-00005408-00005518 Noah Stapes.
+NW4yTceVLYU-00008-00005518-00005714 Are you guys excited for the playoffs?
+NW4yTceVLYU-00009-00005714-00005977 Yeah, I think that's what makes it a little less sad for us
+NW4yTceVLYU-00010-00005977-00006127 because we have something to look forward to.
+NW4yTceVLYU-00011-00006181-00006464 We have some stuff past senior night that we're looking forward to
+NW4yTceVLYU-00012-00006473-00006662 I think that's helped a lot of us.
+NW4yTceVLYU-00013-00006714-00006948 We've had a great season so we have a lot to be happy about.
+NW4yTceVLYU-00014-00006948-00007148 It would be sad if senior night was our last game. 
+NW4yTceVLYU-00015-00007558-00007711 We feel like we are building a foundation.
+NW4yTceVLYU-00016-00007795-00008098 Are you excited to start real big boy jobs?
+NW4yTceVLYU-00017-00008251-00008857 Nah! No... But you know, life is going to be what life is going to be.
+NW4yTceVLYU-00018-00008924-00009340 Alright, you guys, make sure you follow Otter Athletics to keep up with the CCAA Tournament! 
+NW4yTceVLYU-00019-00009369-00009506 Let's get it Otts! 
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00000-00000032-00000640 Welcome to my presentation. My name is Cheongjun Kim, and I'm a post-doctoral researcher in KAIST.
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00001-00000726-00001600 In this paper, I analyze the effect of model mismatch on stability of model-mediated teleoperation.
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00002-00001733-00002540 Model-mediated teleoperation (MMT) is a method to improve system stability and transparency in the presence of time delay. 
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00003-00002540-00003786 However, previous experimental researches report that systems mediated by linear models become unstable when interacting with nonlinear objects.
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00004-00003786-00004766 Some researchers analyze the system stability, but they do not focus on the model mismatch.
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00005-00004766-00005850 So this paper analyzes why and when the model mismatch causes instability of model-mediated teleoperation.
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00006-00005850-00006663 In the analysis, it is assumed that the system employs a linear or nonlinear spring-damper model.
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00007-00006663-00007713 The robot interacts with a nonlinear object, and the robot is position-controlled to track the position of the haptic device.
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00008-00007830-00008606 A theorem can be derived from the assumptions, and this inequality is also derived. 
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00009-00008696-00009523 This implies that the stiffness term in the model generates energy during the interaction when there is time delay.
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00010-00009563-00010723 The analysis is verified experimentally, and the result shows that the system becomes unstable in the presence of time delay, as predicted by the analysis.
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00011-00010930-00011136 So this is the conclusion.
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00012-00011136-00012146 It is confirmed that the time delay makes the model stiffness is smaller in the pressing motion than in the releasing motion,
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00013-00012146-00012653 and the stiffness difference generates surplus energy. 
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00014-00012770-00013306 From this conclusion, we have two options to avoid energy generation. 
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00015-00013306-00014266 One is adjusting the stiffness value of the model, and the other is adjusting the reference point of the model. 
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00016-00014266-00015280 I also proposed a method adaptively setting the reference point of the model responding to the stiffness update. 
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00017-00015356-00015958 So please refer to this journal if you are interested.
+NXvBCKwDCAE-00018-00015958-00016403 This is the end of my presentation. Thank you.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00000-00000018-00000072 Hello,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00001-00000072-00000552 my name is Claudia Kapp. I am from Germany and work as an information specialist at IQWiG,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00002-00000552-00001050 the institute for quality and efficiency in health care. This talk is about the package,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00003-00001050-00001662 that we are currently creating for search strategy development using text analysis. I‘ll give a brief
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00004-00001662-00002124 introduction for the use case and workflow of the package and afterwards, I‘ll show you the
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00005-00002124-00002616 current status of the shiny app in the package. To conduct a systematic search for evidence
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00006-00002616-00003204 synthesis a search strategy is required, which returns reproducible results. The goal of the
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00007-00003204-00003600 package, that I will present today, is to help identify the relevant terms empirically,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00008-00003600-00004110 to create a concise but sensitive search strategy, to find all potentially relevant studies.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00009-00004278-00004776 Our information retrieval team at IQWiG has been searching for a new tool for a while.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00010-00004890-00005304 During last years ESMARConf my colleagues discussed a few key points, that would be
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00011-00005304-00005922 relevant for our team to be able to use a new tool for our search strategy development process. Our
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00012-00005922-00006444 requirements included a graphic user interface for the app, that our IT security team had to be
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00013-00006444-00006954 on board with the suggested tool and in order to be able to exchange ideas with other researchers,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00014-00006954-00007409 the tool should be open source. A shiny app would meet all these criteria.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00015-00007938-00008280 To find out more about the discussion on automation in information retrieval,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00016-00008280-00008712 go check-out the panel discussion that was joined by my colleagues Elke Hausner
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00017-00008712-00009324 and Siw Waffenschmidt on last years ESMARConf2022 „Building an evidence ecosystem for tool design“.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00018-00009558-00010020 In terms of functionality, we actually did identify some R packages, that could do,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00019-00010020-00010290 what we needed for our workflow. The problem was,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00020-00010290-00010854 that they required quite a lot of R skills to handle our use case. Not all of our information
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00021-00010854-00011448 specialists feel comfortable using R without a graphical user interface. So in our shiny app,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00022-00011448-00012012 we basically created a customized workflow using a bunch of other packages, that already exist. The
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00023-00012012-00012462 packages that we currently use most heavily are „dplyr“ and „tidyr“ from the tidyverse,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00024-00012462-00012966 „Revtools“ from the metaverse, and of course „quanteda“, which is a bunch of packages designed
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00025-00012966-00013584 for quantitative textual analysis. Finally, we also use shiny to create the user interface.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00026-00013584-00014069 To understand what our shiny app actually helps with, I will very briefly describe
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00027-00014069-00014508 the process that we use to develop a search strategy and specifically I will introduce
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00028-00014508-00015090 the concept of overrepresented terms. So let‘s imagine a very simplified example.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00029-00015150-00015606 Usually, a search strategy development starts with a testset of already familiar
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00030-00015606-00016122 publications of studies. These serve as a gold standard. I will not go into detail,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00031-00016122-00016548 on creating a testset here…this could be a complete presentation all by itself.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00032-00016668-00017166 Having identified a testset, next up is the frequency analysis of terms in this gold standard
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00033-00017166-00017700 of references. This is to see, which words occur in all - or most - of the references, that we aim
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00034-00017700-00018300 to find in the systematic search. For example in this fake wordcloud „participant and randomized“
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00035-00018300-00018786 appear equally frequent and one migh thus expect them, to be equally good search terms.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00036-00018786-00019422 On the other side "the“ and "of“ are obviously frequent but irrelevant terms for a search,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00037-00019422-00020004 while "control“ and "placebo“ are not as frequent. This means, that the mere frequency of a term,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00038-00020004-00020586 does not tell us yet, whether it is also a good search term in a specific database. Here‘s why:
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00039-00020682-00021138 Imagine, that we want to search for studies in PubMed. In this simplified example all
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00040-00021138-00021594 our relevant references are indexed here. So let‘s check the terms from our example
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00041-00021594-00022098 frequency analysis as search terms in PubMED. Some terms (like "participants“) would find
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00042-00022098-00022644 all relevant references. But it turns out, that they occur also very frequent in the database in
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00043-00022644-00023136 general. This means that these are frequent terms in our gold standard. But compared to
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00044-00023136-00023634 all indexed references in the database the terms are not more frequent in our gold
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00045-00023634-00024270 standard and thus not very specific or precise. Let‘s check another term in our gold standard.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00046-00024270-00024732 This looks much better. The term occurs in all of the relevant references, but is not frequent
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00047-00024732-00025230 in the target database PubMed. This makes it overrepresented in the relevant references.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00048-00025302-00025830 To sum up: the goal is to identify those terms that are overrepresented in the testest. So they
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00049-00025830-00026412 appear frequently in our gold standard, but are not frequent in other references in PubMED. To
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00050-00026412-00027054 find these terms more readily, we created our R package: it aims at identifying overrepresented
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00051-00027054-00027624 terms. Those terms that are sensitive for finding relevant references, and that are also precise.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00052-00027624-00028314 So they do not retrieve many irrelevant references in the search result. Next , I‘ll walk you through
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00053-00028314-00028883 the workflow in the shiny app of our package: First of all, one imports a ris file with a set of
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00054-00028883-00029508 references, the gold standard. Next up the package automatically conducts a frequency analysis of the
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00055-00029508-00030108 terms in title and abstract and compares them to a random sample of references from the MEDLINE
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00056-00030108-00030738 database. In the end you can download a csv to continue working with the result outside the app.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00057-00030827-00031392 The Shiny app has multiple tabs. In the tab data import, you are prompted to upload a testset,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00058-00031392-00031920 which has to be in RIS format. If the upload was sucessful, the reference‘s accession number,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00059-00031920-00032526 author, title and keywords are displayed in a table. To continue with the statistical analysis,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00060-00032526-00033066 click on the action button "analyze all references“. We are also planning to implement
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00061-00033066-00033522 a function, to automatically split the testset into a development set for term harvesting and a
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00062-00033522-00034050 validation set for a bias check of the identified search terms. But that is not implemented yet.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00063-00034272-00034770 After clicking the action button "analyze all references“, switch to the next tab "freetext“ to
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00064-00034770-00035310 see the results. All words are listed. Punctuation is removed, but stopwords like "the“ "of“ "and“
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00065-00035310-00035928 are kept. Next it is possible to download a csv file to work with it more flexibly. Be aware,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00066-00035928-00036456 that this is currently a German csv, with semicolons as delimiters and commas for decimals.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00067-00036456-00036924 The terms, that appear in the testset are compared to the frequency of the term in the random sample
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00068-00036924-00037548 of PubMed references. The random sample is part of the Shiny app. The table displayed is sorted
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00069-00037548-00037944 according to the z-scores, which is the test statistic of the comparison against the PubMed
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00070-00037944-00038496 sample. This means, that the most overrepresented terms in the testset are on top of the list.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00071-00038750-00039168 I‘ll skip the options for analyzing MeSH data. If your interested in this option,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00072-00039168-00039726 please contact me in the online Q&A or on GitHub. Let‘s stay with the freetext terms and
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00073-00039726-00040260 pick a candidate for the search strategy. In this example the most overrepresented term appears to
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00074-00040260-00040680 be the acronym IQWiG. Maybe you are not aware, what this stands for. So let‘s see the keyword
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00075-00040680-00041316 in its original contexts. This is possible in the tab "keywords-in-context“. Just type in the term,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00076-00041316-00041772 that you are interested in. The resulting table lists all the occurrences of the term in ist
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00077-00041772-00042258 original context. You have the option to customize the window of words around the term of interest.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00078-00042324-00042906 It is also possible to truncate terms. So in this example the term "search“ with an
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00079-00042906-00043338 asterisk will find all occurrences of "search“ and it's plural "searches“.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00080-00043542-00044046 The last tab "phrases“ offers the functionality to explore ngrams, so search terms that consist
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00081-00044046-00044550 of more than one word. Here you can find out, how many words are in between two terms of interest.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00082-00044550-00045144 In the first example you can see, that phrases "search strategy“ or "search strategies“ always
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00083-00045144-00045594 appear as a 2-gram in the testset, which means, that they never occur with a word in between.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00084-00045654-00046218 The second example shows all the ngrams for the term "noninferior“. So on top of the list is
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00085-00046218-00046854 the frequency of the two terms "noninferior“ and "conceptual“ as an ngram. And the table tells us,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00086-00046854-00047454 that they only appear as a 4-gram. So in our testset the two words "noninferior“
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00087-00047526-00048048 and "conceptual“ only appear with two other words in between and never directly next to each other.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00088-00048048-00048552 This is very helpful in order to determine adjacency operators for a search strategy.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00089-00048804-00049272 So now you know what our package does. You can find the package source code on
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00090-00049272-00049788 our GitHub repository. There is still a lot of work to do. Thus it is notyet possible,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00091-00049788-00050280 to install the package from GitHub. We are definitely planning to do that very soon.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00092-00050496-00050970 We are currentlyworking on finishing version 1.0. The plan is to release it
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00093-00050970-00051612 on GitHub in the first half of 2023. We are planning for a version 2.0, where we also
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00094-00051612-00052110 want to rethink our own workflow. We are very interested in feedback from others and from you,
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00095-00052110-00052710 who work with evidence synthesis. Our longterm goal is finally to release our package on CRAN.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00096-00052908-00053429 In case you would like to get in touch about our work, feel free to contact me via Mastodon or
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00097-00053429-00053976 GitHub. And of course there are options for posing questions during the ESMARConference as well.
+Na-JbG2SyCy-00098-00054096-00054246 Thanks a lot for watching this talk!
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00000-00000097-00000262 Murray Brilliant: Good morning.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00001-00000262-00001044 So, first, I'd like to mention our support for this from the Marshfield Clinic Research
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00002-00001044-00002048 Foundation, a grant from Delta Dental of Wisconsin, the CTSA from University of Wisconsin and
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00003-00002048-00003028 Marshfield Clinic called ICTR, and NHGRI, especially Ian Marpuri, who helped us organize
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00004-00003028-00004086 a budding consortium to study the oral microbiome and its relationship to the systemic health.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00005-00004086-00005272 So the -- our goal is to establish an oral systemic health cohort that -- across multiple
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00006-00005272-00006026 institutions, and in doing so, we wanted to standardize enrollment of patients with electronic
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00007-00006026-00006950 health records, electronic dental records, and a set of standard clinical tests, standard
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00008-00006950-00007644 microbiome characterization, and also have genomic DNA plasma and serum, and this is
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00009-00007644-00008186 to advance translational medicine and dental care as well.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00010-00008186-00009290 So among the participants in this group, they're listed here, and many of these contributed
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00011-00009290-00010050 to the standards that we have for enrolling these cohorts.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00012-00010050-00011002 So, spoiler alert here, that the mouth is part of the body, and the microbiome needs
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00013-00011002-00011804 to be factored in for risk assessment of some of the most common and costly diseases.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00014-00011804-00012506 And therefore, the microbiome has to be part of personalized medicine, and in order to
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00015-00012506-00013351 facilitate this, we would like to gather a set of patients with standardized recruitment
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00016-00013351-00013886 and sample collection, et cetera, to advance this field.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00017-00013886-00014701 So, where we are at this point, is we've been talking about genetics, not so much about
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00018-00014701-00015376 the environment, trying to understand better complex diseases here, but one of the large
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00019-00015376-00016118 environmental factors has -- is the microbiome, and, in particular, the oral microbiome, and
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00020-00016118-00016901 that is also influenced by our diet and other environmental factors.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00021-00016901-00017384 But the genetics and the environment then, of course, contribute to complex disease,
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00022-00017384-00018064 and, in particular, to type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and coronary artery disease.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00023-00018064-00018879 So better understanding of this relationship will lead to enhanced predictive medicine,
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00024-00018879-00019638 and also can address health disparities, because if we think that medical care -- there are
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00025-00019638-00020412 disparities in medical care, there are even more significant disparities in dental care.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00026-00020412-00021373 So the NIH, of course, has been fundamental in promoting research in the human microbiome
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00027-00021373-00022148 at various sites, and there are also a number of research opportunities and RFAs out on
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00028-00022148-00022430 microbiome.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00029-00022430-00023107 If we consider the oral microbiome, and look at, you know, sort of a healthy tooth here,
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00030-00023107-00024097 and periodontitis over here, there are very large differences in the bacteria that are
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00031-00024097-00024601 in the periodontal space in these two situations.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00032-00024601-00025154 In this case, the deeper pockets, you have anaerobic bacteria, and you have different
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00033-00025154-00026042 species, some of which have been shown to contribute to systemic disease.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00034-00026042-00026845 And there's been many advances in understanding the species range of the oral microbiome,
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00035-00026845-00027469 and other omics that have to do with the microbiome.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00036-00027469-00028637 So in this -- in our cohort here, on our group of interested institutions, we've had some
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00037-00028637-00028737 progress.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00038-00028737-00029258 We've had a series of conference calls to plan this initiative.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00039-00029258-00029789 We've -- we're organizing, then, this oral systemic health consortium with the standardized
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00040-00029789-00030051 recruitment criteria.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00041-00030051-00030695 We've completed a Phase One pilot project at Marshfield, and we've standardized all
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00042-00030695-00030866 of these things here.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00043-00030866-00031239 In the pilot project, we've enrolled 41 patients so far.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00044-00031239-00031606 We've published a manuscript outlining the project.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00045-00031606-00032227 We have planned enrollment of an additional 2,000 subjects at the Marshfield Clinic.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00046-00032227-00033100 And Inga Peter at Mount Sinai, is about to enroll the first of 400 subjects, and, again,
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00047-00033100-00033736 all coordinated to be standardized so that we can combine any data that comes out of
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00048-00033736-00033973 this.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00049-00033973-00034735 And those -- that includes long-term electronic medical records, electronic dental records,
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00050-00034735-00035733 host DNA, oral microbiome DNA, and other omics from the oral microbiome, plasma and serum
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00051-00035733-00036525 samples, and a series of standardized clinical tests at enrollment.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00052-00036525-00037202 We've -- together, with all of our colleagues, we've come up with inclusion/exclusion criteria,
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00053-00037202-00037939 case definitions, and all of these other details shown here.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00054-00037939-00038469 And this is the review that we published.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00055-00038469-00039369 And at the Marshfield Clinic, although our -- the clinic, it has, for 90 years, been
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00056-00039369-00040067 focused on the medical health of the population of Wisconsin, we notice that there was -- there
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00057-00040067-00040511 were large numbers of our patients that were not receiving dental care.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00058-00040511-00041178 So over the past few years, we've opened up a series of dental clinics for this underserved
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00059-00041178-00042039 population, and we have a total of eight right now, with a ninth clinic at Black River Falls
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00060-00042039-00042387 on the Ho Chunk Indian Reservation.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00061-00042387-00042940 And this is the population that we serve.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00062-00042940-00043650 Of the 41 individuals in the pilot project, we measure things like cholesterol, fasting
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00063-00043650-00044824 blood glucose, microalbumin, blood pressure, hs-CRP, hemoglobin A1C, et cetera.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00064-00044824-00045780 And of the 41 individuals, 35 of them had an aberrant value for one of these tests.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00065-00045780-00046558 And, in fact, at least one individual had five aberrant values here.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00066-00046558-00047147 So if we look at the age and type 2 diabetes distribution just of these pilot subjects,
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00067-00047147-00047955 these are individuals who have already been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00068-00047955-00048636 But if we look at fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes in this population, we see in orange
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00069-00048636-00049274 here are the diabetes, some of which are controlled, and some of which are not controlled very
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00070-00049274-00049374 well.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00071-00049374-00050049 You know, we see, there are significant numbers of these individuals that have a higher than
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00072-00050049-00050637 normal level of fasting glucose.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00073-00050637-00051185 If we look at hemoglobin A1C distribution, we also see some individuals here who are
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00074-00051185-00051681 on their way to type 2 diabetes.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00075-00051681-00052345 And we also have a large number of these folks that are -- that have higher than normal of
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00076-00052345-00053187 the high sensitivity C reactive protein, indicating that there's some inflammatory process going
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00077-00053187-00053400 on.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00078-00053400-00054277 So I think that what this shows us is that -- and this is actually a population that
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00079-00054277-00055072 is relatively -- receives relatively good medical care at this time, and these individuals
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00080-00055072-00055695 were recruited from the dental clinic at Marshfield and at Chippewa Falls, but in some of the
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00081-00055695-00056493 more remote clinics, in particular, at Black River Falls, there are some individuals who
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00082-00056493-00056766 have never seen a dentist in their whole life.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00083-00056766-00057339 So we think that this will greatly -- by providing dental care, it'll greatly improve the lives
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00084-00057339-00057929 of these individuals, but also it provides a great opportunity for research in terms
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00085-00057929-00058612 of better understanding how controlling the microbiome in these individuals could lead
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00086-00058612-00058730 to better health.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00087-00058730-00059781 And, in addition, again, these very expensive and complex human disorders for which we have
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00088-00059781-00060574 some genetic predictors, I think we should be able to enhance that predictability by
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00089-00060574-00060748 understanding better the microbiome.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00090-00060748-00061579 So, I just wanted to acknowledge a whole team at Marshfield, and also the -- my collaborators
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00091-00061579-00061887 in this burgeoning network, so thank you.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00092-00061887-00061987 I'll stop here.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00093-00061987-00062157 Marc Williams: Thank you, Murray.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00094-00062157-00062857 Any questions, for Murray about the project?
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00095-00062857-00064139 Again, perfectly clear, and I'm sure that if any of you are interested in exploring
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00096-00064139-00064833 in more detail, you can contact Murray, and I'm sure that, as with all of the workgroups
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00097-00064833-00065587 here, we're always interested in attracting other people that might be interested in participating.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00098-00065587-00066316 So -- but we are gratified to see that two of our members have actually gotten to the
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00099-00066316-00066737 point of enrolling patients in a specific project and have a paper, and I think that's
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00100-00066737-00067000 a great outcome, so thank you, Murray.
+NcoF8gaPa8o-00101-00067000-00067513 Next, we'll have Charis Eng present an update around the cancer working group.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00000-00000056-00000337 Is your site usable? This module
+NcErLrmPsBg-00001-00000337-00000763 is made available to you through a joint initiative between the Legal Services
+NcErLrmPsBg-00002-00000763-00001234 National Technology Assistance Project, the Legal Services Corporation,
+NcErLrmPsBg-00003-00001234-00001736 and Idealware under a Creative Commons by license
+NcErLrmPsBg-00004-00001736-00002130 Why should you prioritize usability when there's so many things to do?
+NcErLrmPsBg-00005-00002130-00002486 If you think about what you hope to accomplish with your site
+NcErLrmPsBg-00006-00002486-00002816 such as identifying those that need further help,
+NcErLrmPsBg-00007-00002816-00003166 providing helpful information, getting more volunteers,
+NcErLrmPsBg-00008-00003166-00003730 or more donations. All those goals are helped by a usable site.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00009-00003730-00004193 Your website represents you. If you present a face for organization that
+NcErLrmPsBg-00010-00004193-00004268 is say
+NcErLrmPsBg-00011-00004268-00004767 hard to use and hard to interact with then people will think your organization
+NcErLrmPsBg-00012-00004767-00004848 itself
+NcErLrmPsBg-00013-00004848-00005207 is puzzling and baffling. Not that we're saying that's the case
+NcErLrmPsBg-00014-00005207-00005644 with the Legal Aid Society presented here but creating a website that is
+NcErLrmPsBg-00015-00005644-00005907 usable and valuable to your audiences
+NcErLrmPsBg-00016-00005907-00006262 should be one of your overarching objectives.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00017-00006262-00006555 It sounds easy; make your website usable.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00018-00006555-00006968 But for whom? Are you looking to help those who want representation
+NcErLrmPsBg-00019-00006968-00007448 or to get volunteer lawyers? You can be a lot of things to a few audiences
+NcErLrmPsBg-00020-00007448-00008009 but trying to be everything to everyone will just make your site confusing.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00021-00008009-00008375 As we talked about in the goals module it's important
+NcErLrmPsBg-00022-00008375-00008706 to think about what your users want to do on the site.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00023-00008706-00009027 Its easy to think in terms of your mission, well
+NcErLrmPsBg-00024-00009027-00009495 for us, everyone comes with a complex legal problem and while some people do
+NcErLrmPsBg-00025-00009495-00009920 as many might come to find your phone number or find out whether you can help.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00026-00009920-00010297 Users are often looking for tactical information
+NcErLrmPsBg-00027-00010297-00010711 so make that information easy to find. Most of the time
+NcErLrmPsBg-00028-00010711-00011014 people have what they think is an easy question
+NcErLrmPsBg-00029-00011014-00011517 and they're looking for just a simple answer. That's not always easy to do
+NcErLrmPsBg-00030-00011517-00011845 but it's important to keep in mind.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00031-00011845-00012210 The idea here is to balance your goals with your visitors
+NcErLrmPsBg-00032-00012210-00012600 to make sure that your visitors can get what they need while you encourage them
+NcErLrmPsBg-00033-00012600-00012797 to do what you want them to do.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00034-00012797-00013275 If the idea behind your website is to encourage those who need legal help
+NcErLrmPsBg-00035-00013275-00013647 to come in and visit with you in person then you're going to want to put the
+NcErLrmPsBg-00036-00013647-00013783 information to do that
+NcErLrmPsBg-00037-00013783-00014274 front-and-center. On the flip side if you really want them to self-serve
+NcErLrmPsBg-00038-00014274-00014594 whereas they want to come in and talk to someone, make it
+NcErLrmPsBg-00039-00014594-00014926 easy for them to start using your self help resources.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00040-00014926-00015408 But don't fight your users, if you know they're going to want a way call you
+NcErLrmPsBg-00041-00015408-00015825 give them something that at least lets them know that they can't call you
+NcErLrmPsBg-00042-00015825-00016222 as opposed to just not giving your phone number.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00043-00016222-00016592 How can you be sure that your web visitors will be able to find but they
+NcErLrmPsBg-00044-00016592-00016650 need?
+NcErLrmPsBg-00045-00016650-00016978 The elements in your navigation summarize your site
+NcErLrmPsBg-00046-00016978-00017451 and tell people what you have there. When people look for a page in the menu
+NcErLrmPsBg-00047-00017451-00017984 you want them to feel that it was intuitive and felt fast and easy to do.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00048-00017984-00018468 To do this provide straightforward navigational labels for them. Think about
+NcErLrmPsBg-00049-00018468-00018573 the navigation
+NcErLrmPsBg-00050-00018573-00018965 as a directory of your services this one is from Iowa Legal Aid.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00051-00018965-00019445 It's worthwhile to spend time selecting labels that are meaningful to your users.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00052-00019445-00020089 Simpler and specific terms are always better than complex or vague ones.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00053-00020089-00020471 The home page itself is another critical piece to usability.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00054-00020471-00020913 It is not the only driver of usability but it is an important one.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00055-00020913-00021389 The homepage sets expectations as to what there might be on the site.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00056-00021389-00021710 On the page for showing you now one might think
+NcErLrmPsBg-00057-00021710-00022063 Oh look, I can get information about disability,
+NcErLrmPsBg-00058-00022063-00022583 education, and work topics. If I come in and and I'm being evicted however
+NcErLrmPsBg-00059-00022583-00022903 this home page would create the impression that housing issues
+NcErLrmPsBg-00060-00022903-00023293 aren't covered. But of course you can't put everything on your home page
+NcErLrmPsBg-00061-00023293-00023720 instead the key is to succinctly summarize in plain language
+NcErLrmPsBg-00062-00023720-00024182 what you do. Its also critical to remember that not everyone will scan
+NcErLrmPsBg-00063-00024182-00024345 your site for information
+NcErLrmPsBg-00064-00024345-00024733 about what you do. Some people will jump right into a search box
+NcErLrmPsBg-00065-00024733-00025219 so it makes sense to have that as well and to make sure it works.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00066-00025219-00025554 If you don't prioritize and everyone in the organization
+NcErLrmPsBg-00067-00025554-00025880 throws a whole bunch of things at the home page what you get
+NcErLrmPsBg-00068-00025880-00026277 is a very ineffective and confusing page.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00069-00026277-00026593 In contrast, the Illonois Legal Aid Society
+NcErLrmPsBg-00070-00026593-00027000 presents a very clear set of options: Do you want legal aid help?
+NcErLrmPsBg-00071-00027000-00027419 Are you a legal aid attorney? Or are you a pro bono attorney?
+NcErLrmPsBg-00072-00027419-00028025 Find a finite number of things you want people to be able to do on the homepage
+NcErLrmPsBg-00073-00028025-00028323 and make those your options.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00074-00028323-00028739 It actually doesn't matter if you're audiences have to click their many pages
+NcErLrmPsBg-00075-00028739-00028938 to get to the information they need
+NcErLrmPsBg-00076-00028938-00029342 if each click is easy and obvious. What matters
+NcErLrmPsBg-00077-00029342-00029710 is that they're confident there on the scent what they're looking for.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00078-00029710-00030022 Scent is actually a usability technical term
+NcErLrmPsBg-00079-00030022-00030460 believe it or not. How do you know if people will feel they're on the scent?
+NcErLrmPsBg-00080-00030460-00030983 User testing is really helpful and we'll cover that in a bit.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00081-00030983-00031287 We would be remiss if we talked about usability
+NcErLrmPsBg-00082-00031287-00031636 without talking about the content. It doesn't matter
+NcErLrmPsBg-00083-00031636-00031946 how easy it is for a person to get to the information
+NcErLrmPsBg-00084-00031946-00032386 about what to do if they are being evicted if the information presented is
+NcErLrmPsBg-00085-00032386-00032466 unclear
+NcErLrmPsBg-00086-00032466-00032985 or fifty pages long with no paragraph breaks.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00087-00032985-00033446 You want to make sure that people understand what services you provide
+NcErLrmPsBg-00088-00033446-00033968 it's obvious to you but you want to make it very clear to your visitors.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00089-00033968-00034627 For example, Pine Tree Legal Aid greets visitors with this message.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00090-00034627-00035000 Put yourself in your users shoes. From their point of view
+NcErLrmPsBg-00091-00035000-00035302 they don't want to know everything just, well,
+NcErLrmPsBg-00092-00035302-00035768 the one thing they came to find. It's much harder to find that one thing if
+NcErLrmPsBg-00093-00035768-00035997 there's tons of unscannable text.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00094-00035997-00036412 Obviously your website can't read their mind to figure out what that one thing
+NcErLrmPsBg-00095-00036412-00036489 is
+NcErLrmPsBg-00096-00036489-00036952 but you can get closer. What are the ten things that they're most likely to want
+NcErLrmPsBg-00097-00036952-00037011 to know?
+NcErLrmPsBg-00098-00037011-00037444 What do they need to make a decision? You don't need to tell them
+NcErLrmPsBg-00099-00037444-00037725 every detail right away.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00100-00037725-00038165 How do you present those ten things? Lots and lots of text
+NcErLrmPsBg-00101-00038165-00038500 is much worse than presenting information succinctly.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00102-00038500-00039053 Keep your paragraphs short. Put the most important thing first in the paragraph.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00103-00039053-00039561 Write your content and then cut your word count in half.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00104-00039561-00039954 Use lists and bullet points to break up long paragraphs.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00105-00039954-00040277 Most people don't read every word of text on a website.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00106-00040277-00040745 Rather the research shows that the scan the page for the information they're
+NcErLrmPsBg-00107-00040745-00040834 looking for
+NcErLrmPsBg-00108-00040834-00041291 or they scan until something catches their eye. Breaking up paragraphs
+NcErLrmPsBg-00109-00041291-00041694 into lists will help people scan the page.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00110-00041694-00042054 Links directing users to content about specific topics
+NcErLrmPsBg-00111-00042054-00042525 can be easier to navigate than trying to fit all the information on one page.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00112-00042525-00042979 This would be a good strategy for a home page where you can provide links to draw
+NcErLrmPsBg-00113-00042979-00043039 people
+NcErLrmPsBg-00114-00043039-00043309 into other parts of the site.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00115-00043309-00043662 Images and video can help explain topics on your site
+NcErLrmPsBg-00116-00043662-00044034 for people who may have more trouble reading or understanding English.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00117-00044034-00044512 Keep accessibility in mind though, not everyone can see images
+NcErLrmPsBg-00118-00044512-00045027 or a video. We'll cover that more in the accessibility module.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00119-00045027-00045352 We've looked at a number of best practices for usability.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00120-00045352-00045769 You can run through a checklist to think about navigation and content
+NcErLrmPsBg-00121-00045769-00046116 but there's nothing as useful as actually talking to people.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00122-00046116-00046602 You can ask people or you can evaluate the data that's available to you
+NcErLrmPsBg-00123-00046602-00046921 by conducting user tests, sending surveys,
+NcErLrmPsBg-00124-00046921-00047346 or reviewing your sites web analytics.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00125-00047346-00047728 User tests are easier and more useful than most people think.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00126-00047728-00048041 Tests show how your theories of usability
+NcErLrmPsBg-00127-00048041-00048419 work in the real world. Usability experts don't say
+NcErLrmPsBg-00128-00048419-00048775 I know what I'm doing therefore I don't need to user test
+NcErLrmPsBg-00129-00048775-00049241 instead they say I know what I'm doing because I user test.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00130-00049241-00049688 How do you do it? Define a few things that you'd like to see if people can do
+NcErLrmPsBg-00131-00049688-00049765 in your site.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00132-00049765-00050190 Next, recruit three to four people from each target audience
+NcErLrmPsBg-00133-00050190-00050428 you'd like to include.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00134-00050428-00050844 Sit each person down at a computer asking to talk aloud
+NcErLrmPsBg-00135-00050844-00051144 as they look at their site and attempt to complete a task.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00136-00051144-00051500 Their thought process will give you unexpected insights
+NcErLrmPsBg-00137-00051500-00051944 and information about where they get slowed down or stumped by your website.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00138-00051944-00052313 If they stop talking your key question should be
+NcErLrmPsBg-00139-00052313-00052779 "What are you thinking as you look at this page?" You could plan the task in
+NcErLrmPsBg-00140-00052779-00052850 advance
+NcErLrmPsBg-00141-00052850-00053369 or ask them to think of one on the fly that allows them to explore on their own
+NcErLrmPsBg-00142-00053369-00053589 terms.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00143-00053589-00054024 To get buy-in to fix the problems that the usability test will uncover
+NcErLrmPsBg-00144-00054024-00054509 and trust me you'll find things it helps to record the user tests
+NcErLrmPsBg-00145-00054509-00054926 and show them to your management staff and board. Set up a video camera to
+NcErLrmPsBg-00146-00054926-00054989 record
+NcErLrmPsBg-00147-00054989-00055299 or record the screen and an audio track
+NcErLrmPsBg-00148-00055299-00055686 playing it back for people can be a great way to get buy-in from your
+NcErLrmPsBg-00149-00055686-00055772 organization
+NcErLrmPsBg-00150-00055772-00056154 especially from those people who would say "No one could confuse those
+NcErLrmPsBg-00151-00056154-00056221 things"
+NcErLrmPsBg-00152-00056221-00056622 or "everyone knows what that means."
+NcErLrmPsBg-00153-00056622-00056897 User testing or interviews are very good
+NcErLrmPsBg-00154-00056897-00057327 if you want detailed information about what things might be problematic.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00155-00057327-00057690 On the other hand, if you want a lot of people to answer
+NcErLrmPsBg-00156-00057690-00058112 a few questions a survey can be helpful. You might ask them
+NcErLrmPsBg-00157-00058112-00058479 if they found your website to be helpful. Simple things like
+NcErLrmPsBg-00158-00058479-00058801 "What's your purpose on the website today?" or
+NcErLrmPsBg-00159-00058801-00059164 "Did you find what you're looking for?" will give you a sense of what people
+NcErLrmPsBg-00160-00059164-00059308 want to do on your site
+NcErLrmPsBg-00161-00059308-00059713 and what their experience was like. Online survey tools
+NcErLrmPsBg-00162-00059713-00060101 like Survey Monkey will make creating online surveys
+NcErLrmPsBg-00163-00060101-00060637 or ones that pop up on your website itself a straightforward process.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00164-00060637-00061104 Web analytics are also useful for figuring out what people want from your website.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00165-00061104-00061427 Install Google Analytics, if you haven't already.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00166-00061427-00061837 You'll need someone was some web site savvy to do it but it shouldn't be a large
+NcErLrmPsBg-00167-00061837-00061913 project.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00168-00061913-00062339 After it's set up Google Analytics will begin to provide numbers,
+NcErLrmPsBg-00169-00062339-00062763 charts and graphs about your site. What are the most popular pages?
+NcErLrmPsBg-00170-00062763-00063235 What paths do users take through the site? How do visitors come to your site?
+NcErLrmPsBg-00171-00063235-00063692 What page did they enter the site on? If it wasn't the homepage
+NcErLrmPsBg-00172-00063692-00064200 you can ask yourself "will they be able to find what they came for?"
+NcErLrmPsBg-00173-00064200-00064580 To sum up, the core of usability is to define
+NcErLrmPsBg-00174-00064580-00065158 usable for whom to do what. Most people default to navigation when thinking
+NcErLrmPsBg-00175-00065158-00065266 about usability.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00176-00065266-00065696 But it's also important to think about the content and the way you present it.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00177-00065696-00066081 If you're concerned about the usability of your site
+NcErLrmPsBg-00178-00066081-00066630 user testing is often more straightforward than you might think.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00179-00066630-00066979 There are plenty of usability resources available to help.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00180-00066979-00067348 Steve Krug's "Don't make me think" is a terrific book.
+NcErLrmPsBg-00181-00067348-00067735 And the user interface engineering library covers many
+NcErLrmPsBg-00182-00067735-00068255 many topics. The Nielsen Norman Group provides tons of information from Jacob
+NcErLrmPsBg-00183-00068255-00068322 Nielsen,
+NcErLrmPsBg-00184-00068322-00068625 one of the most well-known usability researchers.
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+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00000-00000028-00000404 Welcome to 5-Minute German Grammar. Thank you for watching!
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00001-00000404-00000824 This presentation will examine German neuter nouns.
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00002-00000824-00001248 You will recall from the presentation on German nouns that all singular nouns have a grammatical
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00003-00001248-00001837 gender. A noun that has neither a masculine or feminine gender is neuter. The German noun
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00004-00001837-00002443 “Auto” (“car”) has a neuter grammatical gender, so its definite article is “das.”
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00005-00002443-00002950 Don't forget that it is important to memorize the definite article with the noun. Although
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00006-00002950-00003378 the grammatical gender of German nouns is sometimes difficult to determine, there are
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00007-00003378-00003830 some rules that can help you. Fortunately there's just a few rules governing neuter
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00008-00003830-00004208 nouns. Let's take a look at these now.
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00009-00004208-00004687 All diminutive constructions will be neuter. Nouns in their diminutive form indicate a
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00010-00004687-00005260 smaller version of something, or communicate informality, cuteness, or affection. To turn
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00011-00005260-00005758 a noun into its diminutive form you add the suffix “-chen” or “-lein” to the noun
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00012-00005758-00006434 and, if possible, add an umlaut to the noun vowel. For example, “Baum” (“tree”)
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00013-00006434-00006971 becomes “Bäumchen” (“little tree”), and “Tisch” (“table”) becomes “Tischlein”
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00014-00006971-00007671 (“little table”). There are also numerous dialect variations of the diminutive suffix.
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00015-00007845-00008246 All infinitive verbs used as a noun, which requires the first letter of the verb to be
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00016-00008246-00008810 capitalized, will be neuter. “Essen,” (“food”), “Schreiben” (“document”
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00017-00008810-00009328 or “writing”), and “das Kommen und Gehen” (“the act of coming and going”) are all
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00018-00009328-00009607 neuter.
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00019-00009607-00010142 Most of the chemical elements and metals are neuter, such as “Helium” (“helium”)
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00020-00010142-00010842 and “Blei” (“lead”). Notable exceptions are nouns ending in “-stoff” such as “Sauerstoff”
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00021-00010846-00011339 (“oxygen”) and a few other elements and metals such as “Schwefel” (“sulfur”).
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00022-00011339-00012039 A good rule to follow is that if the noun ends in “-ium,” it will be neuter.
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00023-00012164-00012774 Nouns ending in “-tum” will generally be neuter, such as “Königtum” (“kingship”),
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00024-00012774-00013474 although there are some exceptions to this rule such as “Reichtum” (“riches”).
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00025-00013511-00014022 Many collective nouns with a “Ge-” prefix, such as “Gebirge” (“group of mountains”
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00026-00014022-00014622 or “mountain range”), are neuter. A collective noun is a collection of things taken as a
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00027-00014622-00015104 whole. There are, however, many other nouns, such as “Gedanke” (“thought”) and
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00028-00015104-00015491 “Gewinn” (“profit”) that are not neuter.
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00029-00015491-00016191 Most nouns ending in “-o,” such as “Radio” (“radio”) and “Konto” (“bank account”)
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00030-00016208-00016731 will be neuter, although is is important to note that there are numerous exceptions. “Disko”
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00031-00016731-00017297 (“discotheque”) and “Euro” (“the euro currency”) are examples.
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00032-00017297-00017956 Finally, the names of countries, cities, and continents, such as “Schweden” (“Sweden”)
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00033-00017956-00018473 and “Berlin” are neuter, although you need to be aware that exceptions to this rule,
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00034-00018473-00019087 such as “die Schweiz” (“Switzerland”) and “der Irak” (“Iraq”) also exist.
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00035-00019087-00019743 The 5-Minute German Grammar series is produced by David Neville, Associate Professor of German.
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00036-00019743-00020351 The videos, scripts, and lecture slides are released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
+NfwJxEJ1YKo-00037-00020351-00020722 4.0 International license. Don't be a square – remix and share!
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00000-00001500-00002000 "The most tweeted artist in 2017 in America" -USA Today-
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00001-00002000-00002600 "The only Korean in the 25 Most Influential People on the Internet" -TIME-
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00002-00002600-00003200 "The most popular boy group in the world" -People-
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00003-00003200-00003529 New record maker breaking all records
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00004-00003529-00003800 The icon of life turner
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00005-00003800-00004090 New history that has never been seen before in K-POP
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00006-00004090-00004600 The name that ARMYs all over the world react to, this is the story of BTS
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00007-00004600-00005090 After the competition of many experts analysing their key to success,
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00008-00005090-00005510 Many insisted it was the 'interaction through social media'
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00009-00005510-00005940 But BTS's thought was different
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00010-00006200-00006550 The worst thing when they analyse us is when they think we were only successful because of social media -BTS SUGA-
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00011-00006550-00007080 The key to success that BTS revealed in their recent interview
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00012-00007080-00007530 Truth and their capacity
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00013-00007580-00008100 The crowd can always see the truth -BTS RM-
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00014-00008100-00008800 The meaning of 'Bangtan' in BTS was to block out stereotypes, criticisms, and expectations that are aimed towards today's adolescents
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00015-00008800-00009280 Producer Bang who produced BTS also said
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00016-00009280-00009600 he didn't need people who are handsome like cool idols
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00017-00009600-00010130 but people who are able to tell the stories that are needed by the society
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00018-00010130-00010680 BTS was the team that was able to materialize that expectation
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00019-00010680-00010980 from the times as a trainee
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00020-00010980-00011180 'What types of music are trendy?'
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00021-00011180-00011400 'How do we look cool?'
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00022-00011400-00011690 instead of those worries,
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00023-00011690-00012050 'What kind of story can we put into this beat'
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00024-00012050-00012350 was what they worried and thought about
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00025-00012350-00012810 'Isn't it the sharp group dance when it comes to BTS?'
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00026-00012810-00013500 Some people say BTS's key to success was their sharp group dance or their musical capacity
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00027-00013500-00013900 However, BTS's thought on this was again, different
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00028-00013900-00014700 We are singers so the quality of our music and performance has to be good -BTS RM-
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00029-00014719-00015319 The 'ability' that everyone referred to as their strength was their foundation
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00030-00015319-00016000 and they believed this was the only way to properly deliver the message they wanted to give out
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00031-00016000-00016420 They passed over the walls of language and culture
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00032-00016420-00016950 and was able to become the world's icon
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00033-00016950-00017390 The special thing is, there are no English versions in their music
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00034-00017390-00017860 They wanted their Korean lyrics itself
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00035-00017860-00018310 to deliver the truth, and the many international fans
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00036-00018310-00018820 accepted the truth in Korean itself
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00037-00018820-00019210 The choreography that matches well
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00038-00019210-00019800 the truthful video contents of them behind the scenes
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00039-00019800-00020300 and our chemistry and truth that are filled in them
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00040-00020430-00020830 When the truth, high quality music and performance combines, there are no other weapons that is stronger -BTS RM-
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00041-00020830-00021130 It was like they were trying to prove this,
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00042-00021130-00021570 BTS's performance on the American Music Awards and other American talk shows
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00043-00021570-00022180 had American fans singing along in Korean
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00044-00022180-00022600 K-POP stars that were successful in entering the American music industry are non-existent
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00045-00022600-00023020 They were prepared with their truth and capacity even in gloomy situations,
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00046-00023020-00023350 entered the market called America that is known to be evil
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00047-00023350-00023790 and gathered success that no one expected
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00048-00023790-00024200 They continued to make history
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00049-00024200-00024700 and they are always followed by modifiers of First, Only and Best
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00050-00024700-00025100 BTS is no longer an 'Idol'
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00051-00025100-00025400 Cheer them as much as you want, show off about them as much as you want
+NjEdOVGwrW4-00052-00025400-00025680 That you are BTS's fan, that you are an ARMY, proudly!
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00000-00000118-00000543 One of USA's four-man bobsled teams has three Soldiers competing
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00001-00000574-00001001 They're among the biggest and strongest athletes on Team USA at Pyeongchang
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00002-00001195-00001529 Sergeant Justin Olson is the pilot. He's 6 foot 2 and
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00003-00001596-00002177 235 pounds, a three-time Olympian and gold medalist from the 2010 Vancouver Games
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00004-00002188-00002541 I think we have a unique dynamic, so I'm typically
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00005-00002709-00003134 High intensity every day and when I'm racing I'm pretty calm
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00006-00003282-00003482 Carlo, Nate and Chris are
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00007-00003514-00003714 pretty even chill all day and then
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00008-00003775-00003975 for racing, they're a little bit
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00009-00003990-00004191 They bring that crazy side
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00010-00004309-00004805 Captain Chris Fogt is the team's brakeman. He brings six feet and
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00011-00004846-00005225 205 pounds to bear on the brakes along with a lot of experience.
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00012-00005257-00005930 He's a three-time Olympian who won a bronze medal at the last Winter Games in Sochi. "We train extremely hard.
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00013-00005930-00006069 We're in the weight room four or five times a week.
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00014-00006069-00006615 We're sprinting three or four times a week. That translates well to the Army because in the Army, you work very long days you work very hard.
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00015-00006615-00006815 There's times you're in the field. There's times
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00016-00006815-00006911 you don't eat for a couple days.
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00017-00006911-00007433 And you realize that mental toughness  -- that you can do hard things if you put your mind to it -- and bobsled is the same way."
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00018-00007500-00008126 Sergeant First Class Nathan Weber is a Special Forces medic. At 6-foot he puts
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00019-00008197-00008501 223 pounds of muscle into pushing the sled.
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00020-00008533-00009068 “You can say I’m a little bit of an adrenaline junky.  I wouldn’t recommend anyone take it as far as I do.
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00021-00009190-00009684 cause running through gunfire and mortar fire is probably not the best idea,  but here
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00022-00009685-00009951 I am today, and I'm super excited about that."
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00023-00009951-00010182 "So Nate brings a little bit of the crazy.
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00024-00010222-00010665 You know, he just got back from a deployment and he was right in the back of the sled; torn hamstring,
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00025-00010706-00010882 he didn't care.
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00026-00010882-00011082 From 2002 all the way up until
+NjXP0T9C6x4-00027-00011122-00011682 2014, Soldiers have won medals in sliding sports in every Olympics, so we're hoping to keep that trend going..."
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00000-00000885-00001187 How to make a kick fast Speed Kick 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00001-00001187-00001539 Hello Ruslan Nagarnyuk and Wu-wei Fighting School  
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00002-00001575-00002080 In this lesson we will show how to learn how to bat fast, speed bump
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00003-00002080-00002264 Exercise 1 Get in the palm of your hand
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00004-00002264-00002776 My task is to hit my partner in the palm, his task is to remove. I do ten strokes. 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00005-00002842-00003589 How many times I hit for example as many times my partner sat down, if I did not hit, then I squat or do push-ups, and so the game 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00006-00003862-00003994 It's very important to relax here 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00007-00004594-00004839 Exercise 2 Get your foot in the thigh 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00008-00004839-00005185 Next exercise, hit the hip 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00009-00005224-00005866 That is, the work is already legs, the partner stands in a more passive stance to have time to remove the leg, only the reaction of the leg
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00010-00005893-00006481 I also stand in such a preparatory stance, determined the distance, the blow is very fast but not strong 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00011-00007139-00007268 You try it, you work it. 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00012-00007861-00008111 Exercise 3 Hit the forehead  
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00013-00008111-00008412 Next exercise, my task is to hit the forehead 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00014-00008463-00008884 Just here will hit, and the partner's task is to dodge or pull his head back 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00015-00008955-00009314 You try it, try to hit it in the forehead. Hit it, yes, try it.
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00016-00010089-00010366 Exercise 4 Knock down the kick 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00017-00010366-00010822 My partner tries to hit me in the forehead and I have to knock it down with my hand 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00018-00011823-00012063 Exercise 5 Knee to body 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00019-00012063-00012251 Kick to the body 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00020-00012251-00012492 The goal is for the partner to have time to pull away 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00021-00012539-00012783 And my job is to clap on the stomach 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00022-00013012-00013325 We start with this circular stroke, and then we will do straight strokes 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00023-00014251-00014486 Exercise 6 Kick with movement 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00024-00014486-00014968 In order to make a quick strike . Naturally, it is very important to move quickly 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00025-00015018-00015646 So now we're trying to get a little farther, so I'm reaching into my partner's shoulder.  
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00026-00015715-00016440 I step back a little to the side and my task now is to hit the shoulder, and my partner should step back a little farther 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00027-00016543-00016910 I'm already shifting, moving, that is, standing on 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00028-00018124-00018363 Exercise 7 Speed Random Attack 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00029-00018363-00018806 The final exercise is an explosive arm or leg kick 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00030-00018829-00019566 It does not matter, work in any part of the body, the main thing is to fail a partner's punch into the void. I'm starting... 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00031-00021225-00021477 Mistakes
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00032-00021477-00022219 First, it's the stiffness. If you're going to be stiff, it's going to be like a push. 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00033-00022277-00022610 The speed of the blow depends on how you relax your muscles 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00034-00022662-00023132 And so the relaxed muscles allow you to fly easily and quickly 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00035-00023230-00023887 And just this momentum to start it gives you speed 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00036-00023925-00024264 That is, you relaxed the muscles, the momentum and the blow flew 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00037-00024335-00025513 Second mistake. When you defend you must be relaxed, because in a relaxed distance you both hit and defend, it is the same speed, it is the same momentum. 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00038-00025513-00026715 That's why it's a relaxed state, a kind of a tightening state, when you strike, you shoot as if you're defending yourself as if you're shooting. It's important to be relaxed and explosive.  
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00039-00026729-00026970 Let's try to train, to think correctly, at least 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00040-00027004-00027708 It is very important when you do these high-speed strokes that at the end of the stroke the arm is also tense.
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00041-00027708-00028318 Because it was at the moment of impact I strained, because the speed is high and you can injure yourself 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00042-00028370-00029588 You hit somewhere in the forehead, the shoulder, wherever you can hit, so you relax, explode, fly, hit only the momentum we have to be stiff 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00043-00029588-00029791 Advantages
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00044-00029791-00030629 What are the advantages? The advantage here is very simple and obvious, namely that your partner will not see your speed bumps
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00045-00030692-00031438 And the faster you hit, the harder it will be. The bullet is small, but it flies fast and destroys quickly. 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00046-00031455-00032027 So the main advantage of a speed bump is speed and injury to your opponent 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00047-00032072-00032845 Try it, practice it. Exercises are playful, easy to practice and immediately easy to apply in combat. 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00048-00032945-00033108 All the best in your workouts 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00049-00033158-00033650 If you liked the video, like, subscribe to our channel and see you on new lessons 
+Oo45Q4s5csU-00050-00034014-00034214 Subscribe to the channel
+Oo-8pg6lCTc-00000-00000000-00000200 (Music)
+O04xnjpSLBy-00000-00009366-00010111 Good morning, mr, master, maestro or simply
+O04xnjpSLBy-00001-00010111-00010680 or
+O04xnjpSLBy-00002-00010780-00011303 simply David, yes David, David Lynch?
+O04xnjpSLBy-00003-00011303-00011996 It's October 19th, 2022 and it's a Wednesday.
+O04xnjpSLBy-00004-00011996-00012972 Here in Naples practically it's almost noon, in 20 minutes will be noon, so very still
+O04xnjpSLBy-00005-00012972-00013094 right now,
+O04xnjpSLBy-00006-00013094-00013606 71.6 fahrenheit 22 celsius and this means that it's that day really, really, really,
+O04xnjpSLBy-00007-00013606-00013706 really soft
+O04xnjpSLBy-00008-00013706-00013826 like in these days and in this period.
+O04xnjpSLBy-00009-00013826-00014366 As you know the perfect standard of this period, I
+O04xnjpSLBy-00010-00014366-00016083 would say we are in the perfect average of the period, of the Autumn.
+O04xnjpSLBy-00011-00016083-00016700 This afternoon, now pratically, I think that the temperature will be the same, obviously
+O04xnjpSLBy-00012-00016700-00016838 we're
+O04xnjpSLBy-00013-00016838-00017537 not magicians or wizards on this point, so we'll see.
+O04xnjpSLBy-00014-00017537-00018343 But the really important thing with this atmosphere is that today we have, today we have
+O04xnjpSLBy-00015-00018343-00019720 thooooooooooooooooooooose beautiful
+O04xnjpSLBy-00016-00019770-00020120 beautiful blue skies and golden sunshine and I think all along the way.
+O04xnjpSLBy-00017-00020120-00020676 Obviously all along the wat here other 3-4 hours in comparison above all with the American
+O04xnjpSLBy-00018-00020776-00021176 friends because as you know we have a completely different schedule
+O04xnjpSLBy-00019-00021176-00021376 Well. So, said this:
+O04xnjpSLBy-00020-00021376-00021609 so from the mythical window with the orange, red,
+O04xnjpSLBy-00021-00021609-00021837 blue, green water courtain and its green
+O04xnjpSLBy-00022-00021837-00022631 roller shooter, not visible today and in fact here in the shot
+O04xnjpSLBy-00023-00022631-00023536 and finally from my mythical keyboard Yamaha DGX640 YPG, YPG-625
+O04xnjpSLBy-00024-00023936-00024436 have a great day him, all the people who follow the channel and the Weathers, yes, really
+O04xnjpSLBy-00025-00024436-00025059 a greeting to everyone, also to my brother, and finally I hope you all have a great breakfast.
+O04xnjpSLBy-00026-00025059-00025345 I'll do it as soon, I'm really hungry.
+O04xnjpSLBy-00027-00025345-00026273 Breakfast is always one of the beautiful things in the life and in the world.
+O04xnjpSLBy-00028-00026973-00027486 I'll see you tomorrow.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00000-00000125-00000533 y'know, sometimes they don't let you man.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00001-00000533-00000796 they keep you quiet, and like-
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00002-00000798-00000998 order you to kill everyone.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00003-00000998-00001109 so..
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00004-00001109-00001309 everyone is just afraid of you. 
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00005-00001309-00001509 and then you don't get to.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00006-00001509-00001709 get on a spiritual level with you at all.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00007-00001782-00001982 you know how the..
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00008-00001982-00002182 they push you guys around and stuff.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00009-00002220-00002536 they push the SCP's around a bunch too.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00010-00002587-00002787 and I don't want to kill all the time.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00011-00002837-00002948 I mean.. yeah
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00012-00002948-00003148 I am a little self conscious.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00013-00003148-00003286 and anxious when
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00014-00003286-00003486 I'm in a room full of a lot of people
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00015-00003529-00003729 and they're all staring at me..
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00016-00003742-00003889 from this day forward.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00017-00003889-00004187 you will be the one D-Class.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00018-00004187-00004387 I have not killed.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00019-00004922-00005175 if you get back to them..
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00020-00005175-00005375 all of the D-Class
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00021-00005421-00005621 tell them.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00022-00005621-00005821 let them know.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00023-00005826-00006123 let them know what the facility is really doing.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00024-00006998-00007169 quiet down!
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00025-00007169-00007369 we need to get the fuck out of here boys.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00026-00007386-00007611 we've dealt with this abuse for far too long.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00027-00007639-00007830 we're not the foundations puppets.
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00028-00007864-00008033 we're not their fucking lap dogs. 
+O0kOdS1Bs3Y-00029-00008034-00008276 and we're not gonna stand this abuse any longer.
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00000-00004200-00004600 can't go over here, it's alomst fell down.
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00001-00004900-00005400 let's find other route...
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00002-00009200-00009600 i think there is another sound?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00003-00010300-00010700 it's defintely person?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00004-00012300-00012600 someone in there?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00005-00017300-00017700 guys, remember this pinky stuff...
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00006-00018600-00019000 you'll see what you've never expected!
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00007-00019400-00019700 i was just...
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00008-00020400-00020700 there are something like traces..
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00009-00021800-00022000 is there a person?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00010-00022600-00022900 subscriber says it just touched that...?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00011-00023500-00024000 oh f***! it was ghost!
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00012-00024100-00024300 i am so sorry...
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00013-00028600-00028900 kid? wait, it's not a kid right?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00014-00034100-00034500 did anyone see that exactly?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00015-00036200-00036700 i should take that! i should!
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00016-00036700-00037200 i need to go funeral house if i can't take anything in here
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00017-00039200-00039600 you think i surprised because of this?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00018-00039900-00040200 come on out!
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00019-00040200-00040600 that will gonna hide in here...right?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00020-00041900-00042300 i really don't want to go up in that attic,
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00021-00044200-00044500 unbearable smell... what the f***.
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00022-00046100-00046600 here is attic too?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00023-00048100-00048500 it's in there! here!
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00024-00050300-00050600 not in this room?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00025-00051900-00052200 i say don't do that...
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00026-00053100-00053500 where is it? front or back?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00027-00053500-00054000 it's not here...other place.
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00028-00054500-00055000 sounnd of kimchi refrigerator?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00029-00057500-00058000 it's like sound of near house?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00030-00060400-00061000 too hot... maybe because i felt nervous? nah...
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00031-00064300-00064600 what the? someone is..... what the hell?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00032-00065000-00065500 perhaps person?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00033-00066000-00066300 sounds like person....
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00034-00066400-00066600 maybe habitant?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00035-00067000-00067500 a habitant near house came to see micol, so that moved to other house...
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00036-00067500-00068000 the place you guys knew? yeah you're right.
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00037-00068000-00068400 finally i come here.....
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00038-00074800-00075200 how did you guys heard that?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00039-00075400-00075700 i heard 'why you came here again?' like this...
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00040-00077500-00077800 it's like ghost bride?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00041-00078400-00078550 i hava girlfriend...
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00042-00078550-00078750 really?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00043-00078800-00079000 don't do that, my girlfriend is quite scary...
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00044-00079000-00079200 i will gonna call my girlfriend!!
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00045-00079800-00080200 maybe it's not a that woman right?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00046-00080400-00080900 woman ghost from fineral haunted house,
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00047-00080900-00081400 and legend haunted house like black girl can compare?
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00048-00081400-00081900 subscriber says it heard man ghost's voice...
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00049-00081900-00082300 i didn't put that part because of sound quality...
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00050-00082300-00082700 that video part!
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00051-00082900-00083400 hear this sound, guys....
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00052-00083500-00083700 this part!
+O0AZsNW6vYQ-00053-00084900-00085300 did anyone heard man voice?
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00000-00000066-00000176 MEDICAL OFFICE FOR AN AUTOPSY.
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00001-00000186-00000273 >> DENNIS: THIEVES ARE STEALING
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00002-00000283-00000460 GAS FROM FLEET TRUCKS AND VANS
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00003-00000470-00000583 IN BEMIDJI, AND LOCAL
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00004-00000593-00000700 AUTHORITIES ARE WARNING
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00005-00000710-00000800 COMMUNITY MEMBERS FOR BE
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00006-00000810-00000884 VIGILANT.
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00007-00000894-00001047 ACCORDING TO THE BEMIDJI POLICE
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00008-00001057-00001154 DEPARTMENT, THERE HAVE BEEN
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00009-00001164-00001337 MULTIPLE REPORTS OF VEHICLE GAS
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00010-00001347-00001478 TANKS BEING DRILLED INTO AND GAS
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00011-00001488-00001588 BEING DRAINED FROM THEM.
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00012-00001598-00001758 THE THEFTS HAVE OCCURRED IN
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00013-00001768-00001888 VARIOUS AREAS OF THE TOWN AND TO
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00014-00001898-00002001 THIS POINT HAVE ALL BEEN FLEET
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00015-00002011-00002112 TRUCKS AND VANS.
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00016-00002122-00002265 THE PUBLIC IS ENCOURAGED TO
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00017-00002275-00002402 REPORT ANY SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00018-00002412-00002502 AROUND THEIR BUSINESSES,
+O1dBqeEz0P4-00019-00002512-00002829 VEHICLES AND HOMES.
+O1157SF8jZu-00000-00000012-00000432 Hi everyone and welcome back to the Wellbe Show and podcast.
+O1157SF8jZu-00001-00000432-00000984 I am thrilled to have a friend and wonderful expert with us today.
+O1157SF8jZu-00002-00000984-00001408 Maria Marlowe is an author and the host of The Glow Life
+O1157SF8jZu-00003-00001408-00001992 podcast, and a holistic nutritionist, also known as the Acne Nutritionist.
+O1157SF8jZu-00004-00001992-00002216 Maria, welcome. Thanks for being here.
+O1157SF8jZu-00005-00002216-00002420 - And thanks for having me, Adrienne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00006-00002420-00002532 - You're so welcome.
+O1157SF8jZu-00007-00002532-00003172 So, I wanted to have you on to help my listeners understand
+O1157SF8jZu-00008-00003172-00003732 the very common issue, but also, depending on the severity of it,
+O1157SF8jZu-00009-00003732-00004079 the very intense and serious issue of acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00010-00004168-00004432 So of course, that's a wide range.
+O1157SF8jZu-00011-00004432-00004884 Acne can be the occasional pimple here and there, or it can be
+O1157SF8jZu-00012-00004920-00005264 cystic and pervasive and and not just on your face,
+O1157SF8jZu-00013-00005264-00005628 all over your body, and really detrimental to your life,
+O1157SF8jZu-00014-00005628-00005988 and really like a systemic health issue in your body.
+O1157SF8jZu-00015-00005988-00006388 So, Maria is going to share with us everything that she has learned
+O1157SF8jZu-00016-00006388-00006672 from her personal experience and her work on this topic.
+O1157SF8jZu-00017-00006672-00007040 So, first of all, Maria, what causes acne?
+O1157SF8jZu-00018-00007040-00007523 - Well, the simplest and most direct answer is simply inflammation.
+O1157SF8jZu-00019-00007523-00007756 And I think this may surprise a lot of people,
+O1157SF8jZu-00020-00007756-00008188 because most people think that acne is caused by bacteria, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00021-00008188-00008516 Most of our acne products, whether they're drugstore products
+O1157SF8jZu-00022-00008516-00008668 or even pharmaceuticals, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00023-00008668-00009028 The most commonly prescribed drug for acne is antibiotics.
+O1157SF8jZu-00024-00009084-00009364 And back in the fifties, it was believed that
+O1157SF8jZu-00025-00009364-00009660 acne was a bacterial infection.
+O1157SF8jZu-00026-00009660-00009956 But starting in the eighties, the research started
+O1157SF8jZu-00027-00009956-00010132 to tell us otherwise,
+O1157SF8jZu-00028-00010132-00010344 and it started pointing towards inflammation.
+O1157SF8jZu-00029-00010344-00010700 So, this chronic, systemic, body wide inflammation.
+O1157SF8jZu-00030-00010720-00011124 And decades of data started to pile up.
+O1157SF8jZu-00031-00011124-00011448 And by the early 2000, acne was reclassified
+O1157SF8jZu-00032-00011448-00011784 from a bacterial infection to an inflammatory condition.
+O1157SF8jZu-00033-00011824-00012092 Now, this is a huge paradigm
+O1157SF8jZu-00034-00012092-00012396 shift in how we understand acne,
+O1157SF8jZu-00035-00012396-00012940 and this should have caused a paradigm shift in how we treat acne, but it hasn't.
+O1157SF8jZu-00036-00012940-00013336 We are still treating acne like the eighties and, you know, kind of,
+O1157SF8jZu-00037-00013336-00013672 even the fifties, right, in terms of really relying on antibiotics
+O1157SF8jZu-00038-00013672-00014004 instead of focusing on reducing inflammation.
+O1157SF8jZu-00039-00014024-00014619 And in my work, what I've realized and just going through so, so much
+O1157SF8jZu-00040-00014619-00015032 research over these years, I find that there's really six key factors.
+O1157SF8jZu-00041-00015032-00015156 So, the chronic inflammation,
+O1157SF8jZu-00042-00015156-00015524 that's a big one, which can come from eating a pro-inflammatory diet.
+O1157SF8jZu-00043-00015524-00015832 Also, there's lifestyle factors that contribute to inflammation,
+O1157SF8jZu-00044-00015832-00016044 like lack of sleep or stress.
+O1157SF8jZu-00045-00016044-00016216 Nutrient deficiencies.
+O1157SF8jZu-00046-00016216-00016580 There is a lot of documentation on certain nutrient deficiencies
+O1157SF8jZu-00047-00016580-00016732 being associated with acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00048-00016732-00017080 So for example, Vitamin A, Zinc, Omega3.
+O1157SF8jZu-00049-00017148-00017528 We know that gut dysbiosis is also associated
+O1157SF8jZu-00050-00017528-00017968 with acne and gut dysbiosis contributes to inflammation, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00051-00017968-00018108 So, there's like a whole chain.
+O1157SF8jZu-00052-00018108-00018332 Everything in our body is connected, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00053-00018332-00018792 You know, your skin is not separate from your gut and anything else in your body.
+O1157SF8jZu-00054-00018792-00019064 Hormone imbalance is associated with acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00055-00019064-00019156 Stress.
+O1157SF8jZu-00056-00019156-00019668 Your thoughts can actually cause your hormones to change in your body.
+O1157SF8jZu-00057-00019668-00019832 The release of different hormones in your body
+O1157SF8jZu-00058-00019832-00020132 that cause your skin to excrete more sebum.
+O1157SF8jZu-00059-00020132-00020376 It increases your inflammation, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00060-00020376-00020764 And then the last one is overly harsh skin care products,
+O1157SF8jZu-00061-00020764-00020936 which are becoming more and more popular.
+O1157SF8jZu-00062-00020936-00021344 These ten step skincares, these very strong acids and peels
+O1157SF8jZu-00063-00021344-00021476 and all these things.
+O1157SF8jZu-00064-00021476-00021864 But for the most part, those first five things I mentioned
+O1157SF8jZu-00065-00021864-00022400 inflammation, nutrient deficiencies, gut dysbiosis, hormone imbalance and stress.
+O1157SF8jZu-00066-00022400-00022904 These are all or mainly caused by our diet and lifestyle habits.
+O1157SF8jZu-00067-00022904-00023216 So, inflammation causes acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00068-00023216-00023772 But I think the most important takeaway is that you have so much control
+O1157SF8jZu-00069-00023772-00024116 over your inflammation levels through your diet and lifestyle habits.
+O1157SF8jZu-00070-00024192-00024268 - Yes, and
+O1157SF8jZu-00071-00024268-00024568 as you were talking about the six things that you’d identified,
+O1157SF8jZu-00072-00024568-00024936 I was thinking about how connected they all were to one another.
+O1157SF8jZu-00073-00024936-00024984 Right.
+O1157SF8jZu-00074-00024984-00025424 Because inflammation contributes to gut dysbiosis
+O1157SF8jZu-00075-00025424-00025668 and a pro-inflammatory diet
+O1157SF8jZu-00076-00025724-00026280 also is very connected to gut dysbiosis, but also hormonal imbalance,
+O1157SF8jZu-00077-00026280-00026712 the gut and the hormone connection and the stress which we can call
+O1157SF8jZu-00078-00026712-00027139 mental health, I guess, all super connected through the vagus nerve
+O1157SF8jZu-00079-00027139-00027588 and affects the gut lining and contributes to leaky gut and all these things
+O1157SF8jZu-00080-00027588-00028004 that I've been able to hear about from various, like, internal medicine
+O1157SF8jZu-00081-00028004-00028152 and gut health experts.
+O1157SF8jZu-00082-00028152-00028508 And I just can't believe how connected food is,
+O1157SF8jZu-00083-00028508-00028860 but also the lifestyle things you were talking about, to whether or not
+O1157SF8jZu-00084-00028916-00029156 you have terrible skin, you get your period,
+O1157SF8jZu-00085-00029156-00029532 you feel mentally well, you digest your food.
+O1157SF8jZu-00086-00029532-00029916 I mean, it's all just one, one amazing system, which we know.
+O1157SF8jZu-00087-00029920-00030395 So on the topic of hormones and acne,
+O1157SF8jZu-00088-00030395-00030720 I sort of get it, but I would love for you to explain it more.
+O1157SF8jZu-00089-00030748-00031132 But why do certain times of the month or certain periods,
+O1157SF8jZu-00090-00031132-00031480 especially for women, contribute to acne?
+O1157SF8jZu-00091-00031480-00031944 So, there's, sort of, premenstrual acne,  usually,
+O1157SF8jZu-00092-00031944-00032180 and, or different times in your life, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00093-00032180-00032539 Like, there's a lot more acne when you're a teenager and
+O1157SF8jZu-00094-00032539-00032948 your hormones are changing or you're just getting your menstrual cycle set.
+O1157SF8jZu-00095-00033044-00033368 Then other times when you might be 30, 40 years old.
+O1157SF8jZu-00096-00033432-00033468 - Yeah.
+O1157SF8jZu-00097-00033468-00033568 So, there are
+O1157SF8jZu-00098-00033568-00033988 definitely periods in our life where acne seems to be more common, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00099-00033988-00034048 Like you mentioned,
+O1157SF8jZu-00100-00034048-00034380 before our period or during our period and then also during puberty.
+O1157SF8jZu-00101-00034424-00034704 And a lot of people make the assumption that because it's
+O1157SF8jZu-00102-00034704-00035092 so common, it's normal, like this is a normal part of being a woman.
+O1157SF8jZu-00103-00035092-00035504 This is normal part of being a teenager and going through puberty.
+O1157SF8jZu-00104-00035504-00035948 But the reality is it's common, but it's not normal.
+O1157SF8jZu-00105-00035988-00036408 Acne is a sign of inflammation and imbalance within. Period.
+O1157SF8jZu-00106-00036440-00036820 And we can go through the details of it.
+O1157SF8jZu-00107-00036820-00037064 But even if we just look at other,
+O1157SF8jZu-00108-00037064-00037360 other communities, other places in the world, other times
+O1157SF8jZu-00109-00037360-00037672 in history, places where people were consuming
+O1157SF8jZu-00110-00037672-00038348 a whole unprocessed diet, places where the Western diet didn't invade yet,
+O1157SF8jZu-00111-00038348-00038564 acne is pretty much nonexistent.
+O1157SF8jZu-00112-00038564-00038680 Even to this day,
+O1157SF8jZu-00113-00038680-00038892 in rural parts of certain parts, like,
+O1157SF8jZu-00114-00038892-00039276 you know, in a rural part of Egypt where there is no access to processed
+O1157SF8jZu-00115-00039276-00039592 and packaged foods, the acne rate is incredibly low.
+O1157SF8jZu-00116-00039592-00039840 Like, I read one study, it was like less than 2%.
+O1157SF8jZu-00117-00039840-00040016 There were other skin issues that people had,
+O1157SF8jZu-00118-00040016-00040496 but the acne rate amongst adolescents was 2%.
+O1157SF8jZu-00119-00040496-00040956 In the U.S., it's upwards of 90 to 95%, which is crazy.
+O1157SF8jZu-00120-00040956-00041516 But then if you look at the acne rate of Egyptians in a major city, like Alexandria,
+O1157SF8jZu-00121-00041516-00041748 it's more on par with the American kids, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00122-00041748-00042276 It's not as high, but it's like between 30 to 70%.
+O1157SF8jZu-00123-00042276-00042692 So, people, no, not everyone who goes through puberty
+O1157SF8jZu-00124-00042692-00043096 or who has a period is going to get acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00125-00043096-00043268 So, let's talk about them separately.
+O1157SF8jZu-00126-00043268-00043364 First, with your period.
+O1157SF8jZu-00127-00043364-00043580 When you're menstruating, your menstrual cycle
+O1157SF8jZu-00128-00043580-00043920 or the average menstrual cycle, I should say, is about 28 days.
+O1157SF8jZu-00129-00043920-00044004 Right.
+O1157SF8jZu-00130-00044004-00044344 And there is a certain rhythm that
+O1157SF8jZu-00131-00044344-00044572 our hormones are going to fluctuate during this time.
+O1157SF8jZu-00132-00044572-00045032 So, the first half of the cycle, estrogen is elevated,
+O1157SF8jZu-00133-00045032-00045440 the second half of the cycle, progesterone rises.
+O1157SF8jZu-00134-00045440-00045908 And then right before your period starts, estrogen and progesterone drop.
+O1157SF8jZu-00135-00045908-00045936 Right.
+O1157SF8jZu-00136-00045936-00046300 And because they've now dropped your testosterone levels,
+O1157SF8jZu-00137-00046300-00046668 relatively, are higher than they usually are the rest of the month.
+O1157SF8jZu-00138-00046704-00047276 So, when you read or ask, why do women break out around this time,
+O1157SF8jZu-00139-00047276-00047828 the common response is either because of the rise in progesterone
+O1157SF8jZu-00140-00047828-00048228 or because that relatively higher amount of testosterone, because we know,
+O1157SF8jZu-00141-00048228-00048644 for example, with testosterone, high levels of testosterone are associated
+O1157SF8jZu-00142-00048644-00049084 with an increase in sebum production and increased cell turnover.
+O1157SF8jZu-00143-00049084-00049480 So, in other words, high testosterone levels or excess testosterone,
+O1157SF8jZu-00144-00049480-00049824 it clogs your pores, and this leads to breakouts.
+O1157SF8jZu-00145-00049860-00050292 But we have to ask all women who are menstruating are going
+O1157SF8jZu-00146-00050292-00050712 through a similar cycle, why is it that some people break out and others don't?
+O1157SF8jZu-00147-00050748-00051096 And I think that comes down to how their body
+O1157SF8jZu-00148-00051096-00051396 is metabolizing and dealing with those hormones.
+O1157SF8jZu-00149-00051436-00051828 In my opinion, the women who are breaking out
+O1157SF8jZu-00150-00051828-00052248 or having PMS and period issues, period breakouts,
+O1157SF8jZu-00151-00052248-00052552 they're most likely constipated, quite frankly.
+O1157SF8jZu-00152-00052552-00052767 They're not releasing their excess hormones.
+O1157SF8jZu-00153-00052767-00052896 Now, there can be other issues.
+O1157SF8jZu-00154-00052896-00053191 Maybe their liver is not breaking down the hormones properly.
+O1157SF8jZu-00155-00053191-00053512 But I would say in what I've seen,
+O1157SF8jZu-00156-00053512-00053936 it's often linked to constipation because as you mentioned earlier,
+O1157SF8jZu-00157-00053936-00054300 our gut health and our hormones are really intertwined.
+O1157SF8jZu-00158-00054300-00054724 So, once our body uses a hormone and it's done doing its job,
+O1157SF8jZu-00159-00054724-00055188 it’s sent to the liver to be broken down and packaged up for export.
+O1157SF8jZu-00160-00055188-00055772 And it goes to your gut and it leaves our body via our bowel movements.
+O1157SF8jZu-00161-00055772-00056220 Now, if you're constipated, those hormones are sitting in your gut
+O1157SF8jZu-00162-00056220-00056560 and they can get reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
+O1157SF8jZu-00163-00056560-00057036 And this contributes then to hormonal imbalance and excess hormone levels.
+O1157SF8jZu-00164-00057036-00057332 But if you're eliminating regularly and you're getting rid
+O1157SF8jZu-00165-00057332-00057704 of those excess hormones, you shouldn't have a problem.
+O1157SF8jZu-00166-00057804-00057932 So, like I said, also,
+O1157SF8jZu-00167-00057932-00058172 so maybe it's the constipation oh did you have a...
+O1157SF8jZu-00168-00058200-00058532 - I was just going to say or your liver isn’t functioning right, like you said.
+O1157SF8jZu-00169-00058532-00058804 So it's not even getting to the poop that's then leaving.
+O1157SF8jZu-00170-00058860-00059064 - Exactly. So, that's what I was.
+O1157SF8jZu-00171-00059064-00059404 - Be able to have a regular bowel movement, but like, it's almost like that
+O1157SF8jZu-00172-00059404-00059855 package got left off the truck because your liver was still dealing with it, you know?
+O1157SF8jZu-00173-00059855-00060079 - Yeah. So that that's exactly what I was about to say.
+O1157SF8jZu-00174-00060079-00060204 So, the other issue is your liver.
+O1157SF8jZu-00175-00060204-00060616 So, if your liver is sluggish, we're overloading it with toxins,
+O1157SF8jZu-00176-00060616-00060767 you know, and they're everywhere.
+O1157SF8jZu-00177-00060767-00061044 They're kind of on unavoidable in this day and age.
+O1157SF8jZu-00178-00061044-00061452 But, so it's not just overloading our liver with toxins, but
+O1157SF8jZu-00179-00061452-00061596 are we supporting our liver?
+O1157SF8jZu-00180-00061596-00061724 Are we giving our liver
+O1157SF8jZu-00181-00061724-00062172 the nutrients that it needs to perform its detoxification processes?
+O1157SF8jZu-00182-00062208-00062508 Yes, the liver is a detox organ, but
+O1157SF8jZu-00183-00062508-00062967 it also needs certain nutrients in order to perform those functions right.
+O1157SF8jZu-00184-00062967-00063324 So we know, for example, cruciferous vegetables are very liver supportive.
+O1157SF8jZu-00185-00063324-00063532 They help with detoxification.
+O1157SF8jZu-00186-00063532-00063767 We know certain herbs are liver supportive.
+O1157SF8jZu-00187-00063767-00063888 For example, milk thistle.
+O1157SF8jZu-00188-00063972-00064212 So, the liver could be an issue.
+O1157SF8jZu-00189-00064212-00064508 The constipation could be an issue.
+O1157SF8jZu-00190-00064508-00064652 And then also, I feel like
+O1157SF8jZu-00191-00064700-00064816 commonly there are
+O1157SF8jZu-00192-00064816-00065264 some nutrient deficiencies associated with PMS, as well, because PMS,
+O1157SF8jZu-00193-00065264-00065676 whether or not you have period breakouts, if you have PMS like cramps
+O1157SF8jZu-00194-00065676-00066088 and other issues, there's usually some sort
+O1157SF8jZu-00195-00066088-00066400 of nutrient balance also involved in the mix.
+O1157SF8jZu-00196-00066464-00066800 - Fascinating, yes, I learned
+O1157SF8jZu-00197-00066800-00067140 recently, which is shocking because it's like
+O1157SF8jZu-00198-00067140-00067408 you said, just because it's common doesn't make it normal.
+O1157SF8jZu-00199-00067408-00067880 And I am such a cautionary tale of that because , so one of my few health
+O1157SF8jZu-00200-00067880-00068168 problems in life was lifelong period cramps
+O1157SF8jZu-00201-00068204-00068624 from 12 years old and first got my period and thought it was normal,
+O1157SF8jZu-00202-00068624-00068928 thought that everybody dealt with them, you know, and it would be debilitating
+O1157SF8jZu-00203-00068928-00069252 at times, especially in my teenage years
+O1157SF8jZu-00204-00069252-00069584 and in my college years before I really started to take care of my body
+O1157SF8jZu-00205-00069584-00069960 better and learned a lot about gut health and improved all of that.
+O1157SF8jZu-00206-00070016-00070524 But one thing I just recently found out was that I had a double genetic mutation on,
+O1157SF8jZu-00207-00070524-00070924 not the main estrogen source, but sort of a side one.
+O1157SF8jZu-00208-00070924-00071216 And so my body just does not detox
+O1157SF8jZu-00209-00071216-00071536 out or send the right amount
+O1157SF8jZu-00210-00071536-00071912 to the liver or the liver has trouble getting it out
+O1157SF8jZu-00211-00071912-00072304 because of this genetic mutation or processing it, rather.
+O1157SF8jZu-00212-00072304-00072536 And so, you know, it's not the worst it could be.
+O1157SF8jZu-00213-00072536-00072892 Meaning if you had the worst one, you might have a condition more like
+O1157SF8jZu-00214-00072892-00073456 PCOS or something that's much more extreme instead of just period cramps, but it is there.
+O1157SF8jZu-00215-00073456-00073740 And so it just for me, it was actually very empowering
+O1157SF8jZu-00216-00073740-00074064 because, first of all, I just love understanding the why behind things
+O1157SF8jZu-00217-00074064-00074416 and that's also why I love doing interviews like this, because people
+O1157SF8jZu-00218-00074416-00074648 should understand the why behind a pimple, but not just
+O1157SF8jZu-00219-00074648-00074884 try to get rid of the pimple each time it comes,
+O1157SF8jZu-00220-00074884-00075288 but more so that there was an understanding
+O1157SF8jZu-00221-00075288-00075776 that I need to do more than the average person for my liver
+O1157SF8jZu-00222-00075776-00076192 and for, like, doing things for estrogen, you know,
+O1157SF8jZu-00223-00076232-00076708 metabolization, but also estrogen, like, not having excess estrogen in my system.
+O1157SF8jZu-00224-00076708-00077000 I already do a ton as far as that, you know,  trying not to have
+O1157SF8jZu-00225-00077000-00077376 fake estrogens in my products and plastics and things like that.
+O1157SF8jZu-00226-00077376-00077712 But, you know, there are detox practices
+O1157SF8jZu-00227-00077712-00078044 like you were talking about that really support the liver and certain herbs
+O1157SF8jZu-00228-00078044-00078412 that support liver and certain types of food, cruciferous vegetables, etc..
+O1157SF8jZu-00229-00078412-00078708 And so some people think genetics are destiny
+O1157SF8jZu-00230-00078708-00079020 or a way of kind of being like, well, there's nothing I can do.
+O1157SF8jZu-00231-00079020-00079144 And for me it was the opposite.
+O1157SF8jZu-00232-00079144-00079412 I thought, okay, so I need to do a little bit more and that's fine.
+O1157SF8jZu-00233-00079412-00079792 I just need to commit to those things now that I know I need to do more.
+O1157SF8jZu-00234-00079856-00080292 So, everything that you were saying about how the liver takes things out
+O1157SF8jZu-00235-00080292-00080604 and therefore how it might affect a woman's period, whether that's cramps
+O1157SF8jZu-00236-00080604-00080976 or skin issues or at certain times in his
+O1157SF8jZu-00237-00080976-00081324 or her life when the hormones are changing dramatically, right.
+O1157SF8jZu-00238-00081324-00081588 Puberty or menopause or something like that.
+O1157SF8jZu-00239-00081588-00081772 And puberty happens to both men and women.
+O1157SF8jZu-00240-00081772-00082116 That's why we see acne on both men and women.
+O1157SF8jZu-00241-00082116-00082232 Teenagers, right.
+O1157SF8jZu-00242-00082232-00082680 So, yeah, it's all, it's all very, very relevant to me.
+O1157SF8jZu-00243-00082680-00082716 - Yeah.
+O1157SF8jZu-00244-00082716-00083112 And with the puberty, I think it kind of goes back to those six factors.
+O1157SF8jZu-00245-00083112-00083592 So again, well like with the period, the hormones, you know, go up and down
+O1157SF8jZu-00246-00083592-00083744 in, sort of, a rhythm or a dance.
+O1157SF8jZu-00247-00083744-00084140 With puberty, there are certain hormonal changes that take place.
+O1157SF8jZu-00248-00084140-00084540 But again, why does almost every teenager in America get acne,
+O1157SF8jZu-00249-00084540-00084924 but you know, you go to other places in the world and they don't.
+O1157SF8jZu-00250-00084924-00085516 You know, even if we look back through history, for example, the Inuits in Canada
+O1157SF8jZu-00251-00085516-00085848 before they were, you know, the Canadian government
+O1157SF8jZu-00252-00085848-00086368 forced them to assimilate into Canadian culture, eat Canadian foods and live in these camps,
+O1157SF8jZu-00253-00086436-00086772 they were subsisting on a traditional diet that was like berries
+O1157SF8jZu-00254-00086772-00087192 and greens and fish and, you know, all whole real foods.
+O1157SF8jZu-00255-00087192-00087644 A lot of Omega 3 in the diet, acne was pretty much nonexistent.
+O1157SF8jZu-00256-00087644-00088036 And then once they were forced to assimilate, then, you know,
+O1157SF8jZu-00257-00088036-00088572 and they were eating cereal and cookies and all the the foods that American or
+O1157SF8jZu-00258-00088572-00089004 Canadian kids were eating, their acne rates and their chronic disease
+O1157SF8jZu-00259-00089004-00089504 rates also started to skyrocket and started to go more in line with
+O1157SF8jZu-00260-00089504-00089908 anyone else living a Western style diet, eating these high glycemic foods.
+O1157SF8jZu-00261-00089908-00090364 So with puberty, I think it also, you know, things that we need to think
+O1157SF8jZu-00262-00090364-00090772 about are inflammatory foods or any other sources of inflammation.
+O1157SF8jZu-00263-00090820-00091316 You know, when we think of a teenage diet, it's a lot of packaged, processed foods, typically.
+O1157SF8jZu-00264-00091316-00091572 So, pro-inflammatory foods.
+O1157SF8jZu-00265-00091572-00091788 Nutrient deficiencies.
+O1157SF8jZu-00266-00091788-00092052 Again, if you're eating mostly processed and packaged foods,
+O1157SF8jZu-00267-00092052-00092408 you're not eating enough fresh fruits and vegetables, not enough whole foods.
+O1157SF8jZu-00268-00092408-00092748 You could be missing out on a lot of critical nutrients.
+O1157SF8jZu-00269-00092748-00092924 Gut dysbiosis.
+O1157SF8jZu-00270-00092924-00093532 You know, you can't rule that out because by the time that kids hit puberty in the U.S.,
+O1157SF8jZu-00271-00093532-00093760 it's possible they've been on antibiotics
+O1157SF8jZu-00272-00093760-00094224 several times already and we know that each time
+O1157SF8jZu-00273-00094224-00094688 we have antibiotics, you know, it's taking a toll on our gut microbiome.
+O1157SF8jZu-00274-00094688-00094896 So, that could be an issue.
+O1157SF8jZu-00275-00094956-00095064 Hormonal imbalance.
+O1157SF8jZu-00276-00095064-00095460 So again, like, that could be that constipation issue,  right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00277-00095460-00095772 So, if they're not eating enough fiber, not excreting regularly,
+O1157SF8jZu-00278-00095772-00096020 maybe they're not excreting the hormones properly.
+O1157SF8jZu-00279-00096020-00096364 Maybe it's that liver issue, liver issue, fatty liver disease
+O1157SF8jZu-00280-00096364-00096864 is becoming more and more common in teenagers and children even.
+O1157SF8jZu-00281-00096864-00097168 So, you know, there might be issues with the liver.
+O1157SF8jZu-00282-00097236-00097388 So, it's all the same thing.
+O1157SF8jZu-00283-00097388-00097636 Stress, kids are stressed out these days.
+O1157SF8jZu-00284-00097636-00097772 Like, we have social media,
+O1157SF8jZu-00285-00097772-00098104 we have tests, we have school, we have all these things going on.
+O1157SF8jZu-00286-00098104-00098612 The news, the news in and of itself is terrifying to an adult, let alone a child.
+O1157SF8jZu-00287-00098660-00098976 So, it's all the same, the same factors.
+O1157SF8jZu-00288-00098976-00099300 You know, it's the diet and lifestyle.
+O1157SF8jZu-00289-00099300-00099552 - I feel for the teenagers of today
+O1157SF8jZu-00290-00099552-00100032 between the diets that do absolutely nothing for them and are harmful.
+O1157SF8jZu-00291-00100032-00100408 And then then the social media and the news cycle
+O1157SF8jZu-00292-00100408-00100956 and just the level of, I mean, the fear of mass shootings alone.
+O1157SF8jZu-00293-00100956-00101228 I mean, there's just so much stress.
+O1157SF8jZu-00294-00101228-00101416 And, I think, you understand that
+O1157SF8jZu-00295-00101416-00101808 food can be very supportive to mental health or not.
+O1157SF8jZu-00296-00101808-00102088 And so if you're eating things and not getting proper
+O1157SF8jZu-00297-00102088-00102400 sleep or having too much blue light exposure or whatever,
+O1157SF8jZu-00298-00102400-00102735 you are going to have a worse stress response in your body
+O1157SF8jZu-00299-00102735-00102852 to any little thing, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00300-00102852-00103288 Because it's not like kids didn't have school tests and, you know, bullies
+O1157SF8jZu-00301-00103300-00103672 100 years ago, but they did not have as much inflammation
+O1157SF8jZu-00302-00103672-00104124 in the diet and as much blue light, you know, disrupting their sleep.
+O1157SF8jZu-00303-00104124-00104504 So, it just has compounded their ability to our inability
+O1157SF8jZu-00304-00104504-00104876 to deal with normal, you know, kids stressors.
+O1157SF8jZu-00305-00104876-00105216 So, that's also it's just this very insane, vicious circle.
+O1157SF8jZu-00306-00105216-00105464 But I wanted to ask you, too,
+O1157SF8jZu-00307-00105496-00105976 I want to, like, hammer this home, because I think sometimes people are very visual
+O1157SF8jZu-00308-00105976-00106324 or they just need to understand how something works physically
+O1157SF8jZu-00309-00106324-00106496 in order to really get it.
+O1157SF8jZu-00310-00106496-00106904 How do we go from eating pizza, for example?
+O1157SF8jZu-00311-00106904-00107204 A common inflammatory food, let’s say,
+O1157SF8jZu-00312-00107204-00107456 and have it turn into,
+O1157SF8jZu-00313-00107456-00107776 you know, acne or pockmarks or whatever on their face?
+O1157SF8jZu-00314-00107776-00107996 How does that happen?
+O1157SF8jZu-00315-00107996-00108308 - Yeah, because traditionally we're kind of taught that
+O1157SF8jZu-00316-00108308-00108444 everything is separate, right.
+O1157SF8jZu-00317-00108444-00108720 And exists in its own little silo.
+O1157SF8jZu-00318-00108720-00108852 - I think a lot of people think
+O1157SF8jZu-00319-00108852-00109224 you've got this gut system and it's like one track, which it is,
+O1157SF8jZu-00320-00109240-00109644 and that thing's kind of gone and we've and that it's really like this.
+O1157SF8jZu-00321-00109644-00109940 But then they're like very confused by how does something
+O1157SF8jZu-00322-00109940-00110344 then leave that process and end up on your face?
+O1157SF8jZu-00323-00110383-00110596 - Yeah, well, I think another
+O1157SF8jZu-00324-00110700-00111116 reason that this compartmentalization of our organs
+O1157SF8jZu-00325-00111211-00111544 exists is because when we look at Western medicine,
+O1157SF8jZu-00326-00111544-00111856 there's a doctor for skin, there's a doctor for your gut.
+O1157SF8jZu-00327-00111856-00112024 There is a doctor for your hormones. Right.
+O1157SF8jZu-00328-00112024-00112176 There's a doctor for your reproductive system.
+O1157SF8jZu-00329-00112176-00112335 So it's all separated.
+O1157SF8jZu-00330-00112335-00112800 And, you know, of course, there's different nuance and specific things
+O1157SF8jZu-00331-00112800-00113196 about each system, but it's important to remember they're all interrelated
+O1157SF8jZu-00332-00113196-00113608 and they're all, you know, what happens in one is is affecting the other.
+O1157SF8jZu-00333-00113608-00113808 So, let's use your example of pizza.
+O1157SF8jZu-00334-00113808-00114016 Pizza was my favorite food.
+O1157SF8jZu-00335-00114016-00114296 When I had acne, pizza was my favorite food.
+O1157SF8jZu-00336-00114296-00114616 - And most people, certainly my husband.
+O1157SF8jZu-00337-00114683-00115164 - Yeah, so, you know, when I say favorite, like I literally ate pizza
+O1157SF8jZu-00338-00115164-00115676 every single day of my life, probably for years as a teen.
+O1157SF8jZu-00339-00115716-00116052 And so, what's going on with the pizza?
+O1157SF8jZu-00340-00116052-00116359 Well, one let's talk about the gluten, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00341-00116359-00116616 The crust that comes from wheat.
+O1157SF8jZu-00342-00116616-00117028 So, one issue with gluten
+O1157SF8jZu-00343-00117028-00117396 is that it can lead to something called increased intestinal permeability.
+O1157SF8jZu-00344-00117396-00117788 So research shows that when we ingest gluten,
+O1157SF8jZu-00345-00117788-00118272 and the amount of this response really depends on your genetics,
+O1157SF8jZu-00346-00118272-00118524 some people are going to have a stronger response.
+O1157SF8jZu-00347-00118524-00118720 Some people are going to have less of a response.
+O1157SF8jZu-00348-00118720-00119035 But when we ingest gluten, and it goes down into our gut,
+O1157SF8jZu-00349-00119076-00119459 it causes our body to produce a protein called Zonulin.
+O1157SF8jZu-00350-00119459-00119856 And this Zonulin acts kind of like a,
+O1157SF8jZu-00351-00119856-00120300 like a little key to open up the door between your,
+O1157SF8jZu-00352-00120300-00120588 the cells that are lining, like your intestinal lining.
+O1157SF8jZu-00353-00120588-00120959 So your intestinal lining, if you think of it as a tube, the lining
+O1157SF8jZu-00354-00120959-00121188 is actually just one cell thick.
+O1157SF8jZu-00355-00121188-00121472 So the way that I like to explain it is
+O1157SF8jZu-00356-00121472-00121876 if you think about a single file line of people, right,
+O1157SF8jZu-00357-00121876-00122424 and they’re all, their arms are all linked, so they basically created a human wall
+O1157SF8jZu-00358-00122424-00122883 so each person is one cell and where their arms are linked,
+O1157SF8jZu-00359-00122883-00123124 that is the tight junction. Right.
+O1157SF8jZu-00360-00123124-00123540 And so usually that wall is keeping the food
+O1157SF8jZu-00361-00123540-00123983 and the bacteria and the toxins it’s keeping that in your gut.
+O1157SF8jZu-00362-00123983-00124344 And it's letting things like nutrients pass out into your bloodstream.
+O1157SF8jZu-00363-00124344-00124824 But what happens when we eat gluten and our body produces Zonulin,
+O1157SF8jZu-00364-00124824-00125092 Zonulin, like knocks, like, you know, causes
+O1157SF8jZu-00365-00125092-00125464 those two people or those two cells to unlink for a little while.
+O1157SF8jZu-00366-00125464-00125844 And now larger particles can pass through your intestinal lining.
+O1157SF8jZu-00367-00125844-00126324 So toxins, bacteria, these things can go into your bloodstream
+O1157SF8jZu-00368-00126324-00126540 and they're not supposed to be in your bloodstream.
+O1157SF8jZu-00369-00126540-00126940 And this creates an inflammatory immune response.
+O1157SF8jZu-00370-00126940-00127548 So, as we mentioned earlier, systemic or body wide inflammation
+O1157SF8jZu-00371-00127548-00127972 is believed to be the primary contributing factor to acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00372-00127972-00128188 So, we get we have inflammation in our body
+O1157SF8jZu-00373-00128188-00128440 and then it actually the inflammation goes to our skin.
+O1157SF8jZu-00374-00128440-00128759 And if you think about like acne, it's inflammation of your skin, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00375-00128759-00129096 It's it's a bump. It's a red raised
+O1157SF8jZu-00376-00129096-00129204 inflammation.
+O1157SF8jZu-00377-00129204-00129468 So, that is one example.
+O1157SF8jZu-00378-00129468-00129959 When we eat something like gluten, it can lead to increased intestinal permeability,
+O1157SF8jZu-00379-00129959-00130168 that creates inflammation in the body
+O1157SF8jZu-00380-00130168-00130500 and then that inflammation can then end up on our skin.
+O1157SF8jZu-00381-00130572-00130724 So, that's one way.
+O1157SF8jZu-00382-00130724-00131016 You know, if we look at the top of the pizza,
+O1157SF8jZu-00383-00131016-00131388 the cheese, another favorite food of mine.
+O1157SF8jZu-00384-00131388-00131880 Dairy, is one of the most well-established acne trigger.
+O1157SF8jZu-00385-00131880-00132236 There are plenty of studies suggesting
+O1157SF8jZu-00386-00132236-00132624 that dairy intake is associated with an increased risk of acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00387-00132624-00132912 It doesn't matter the type of dairy, you know,
+O1157SF8jZu-00388-00132912-00133032 there's many different forms of dairy,
+O1157SF8jZu-00389-00133032-00133456 but increased intake of dairy is associated with increased risk of acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00390-00133456-00133808 Now, just to throw this out there, this doesn't mean every single person
+O1157SF8jZu-00391-00133808-00134056 that eats dairy will necessarily break out.
+O1157SF8jZu-00392-00134056-00134420 But in susceptible individuals, which is a large portion
+O1157SF8jZu-00393-00134420-00134936 of the population, dairy can create inflammation and lead to breakouts.
+O1157SF8jZu-00394-00134936-00135104 So, how does that happen?
+O1157SF8jZu-00395-00135104-00135348 Dairy can be high glycemic, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00396-00135348-00135552 It can increase insulin.
+O1157SF8jZu-00397-00135552-00136112 And when our insulin increases, this sets off this cascade of hormones,
+O1157SF8jZu-00398-00136112-00136516 which again can kind of turn on those oil spigots in our skin
+O1157SF8jZu-00399-00136516-00136896 and sort of prop those sebaceous glands to produce more oil.
+O1157SF8jZu-00400-00136896-00137268 And that clogs our pores and that leads to breakouts.
+O1157SF8jZu-00401-00137364-00137428 - Got it. Wow.
+O1157SF8jZu-00402-00137428-00137652 That is so much fabulous information.
+O1157SF8jZu-00403-00137652-00138120 I feel like I really... the people with the arms linked, I really hope
+O1157SF8jZu-00404-00138120-00138576 that resonates for people as a great visual depiction of what's happening
+O1157SF8jZu-00405-00138576-00139004 and them, sort of, separating their arms a bit as they eat
+O1157SF8jZu-00406-00139004-00139396 that pro-inflammatory food, whether it's gluten or dairy or both
+O1157SF8jZu-00407-00139396-00139836 or other things that maybe their body is just considering to be inflammatory,
+O1157SF8jZu-00408-00139836-00140144 that may be somebody else's isn't, you know, like soy,
+O1157SF8jZu-00409-00140144-00140476 some people are okay with, some people really can't handle that.
+O1157SF8jZu-00410-00140476-00140976 And so there's also a unique aspect to like what's going to make those guys
+O1157SF8jZu-00411-00140976-00141100 separate their arms
+O1157SF8jZu-00412-00141100-00141556 and let bad things pass through into your bloodstream and onto your face.
+O1157SF8jZu-00413-00141556-00141912 So it's very nuanced, but that was a great explanation.
+O1157SF8jZu-00414-00141912-00142008 Thank you.
+O1157SF8jZu-00415-00142008-00142284 So, along those same lines,
+O1157SF8jZu-00416-00142284-00142584 we know that food, obviously, from everything you've just said
+O1157SF8jZu-00417-00142584-00143112 and the state of your gut health, play a large role in other skin conditions
+O1157SF8jZu-00418-00143112-00143536 like eczema and psoriasis, but in different ways.
+O1157SF8jZu-00419-00143536-00144216 So, can you give us a quick explanation on the difference between those skin conditions and how,
+O1157SF8jZu-00420-00144216-00144624 for example, eczema would manifest versus acne?
+O1157SF8jZu-00421-00144624-00145196 - Yeah, so acne, eczema and psoriasis, these are all considered inflammatory conditions
+O1157SF8jZu-00422-00145196-00145544 or inflammatory skin conditions, they are all associated with
+O1157SF8jZu-00423-00145544-00145988 gut dysbiosis, they're all associated with different nutrient deficiencies.
+O1157SF8jZu-00424-00145988-00146244 So, there are a lot of commonalities
+O1157SF8jZu-00425-00146244-00146820 and it's not uncommon for someone to have more than one of these issues
+O1157SF8jZu-00426-00146820-00147072 because there are a lot of the same root causes.
+O1157SF8jZu-00427-00147072-00147624 But in terms of why one manifests, like, inflammation, for me, it manifests as acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00428-00147624-00148156 Inflammation for someone else manifests as eczema, let's say, or someone else, it’s psoriasis.
+O1157SF8jZu-00429-00148156-00148424 That I don't know if there's a great answer for that,
+O1157SF8jZu-00430-00148424-00148896 but I would imagine it's some combination of genetics and history and
+O1157SF8jZu-00431-00148992-00149124 environment and
+O1157SF8jZu-00432-00149124-00149424 all of these these factors and probably more.
+O1157SF8jZu-00433-00149424-00149748 But another key difference among these
+O1157SF8jZu-00434-00149748-00150240 is that psoriasis, for example, this is considered an autoimmune disease.
+O1157SF8jZu-00435-00150240-00150472 So, this is a bit different than acne and eczema.
+O1157SF8jZu-00436-00150528-00150736 Acne and eczema, you know,
+O1157SF8jZu-00437-00150736-00151116 there's inflammation involved with them, but they're not considered autoimmune.
+O1157SF8jZu-00438-00151116-00151520 Another interesting thing about psoriasis is that there is a process called
+O1157SF8jZu-00439-00151520-00151992 angiogenesis that takes place, which is basically your body creates blood
+O1157SF8jZu-00440-00151992-00152268 vessels that basically, kind of, create
+O1157SF8jZu-00441-00152268-00152628 those plaques, like, those signature red plaques on the body.
+O1157SF8jZu-00442-00152628-00153072 So that's also, you know, a disease of the blood vessels
+O1157SF8jZu-00443-00153072-00153348 or a condition of the blood vessels, I should say.
+O1157SF8jZu-00444-00153348-00154132 So, psoriasis is autoimmune, there is vasculature involved, and that’s that.
+O1157SF8jZu-00445-00154132-00154380 Eczema is generally
+O1157SF8jZu-00446-00154380-00154904 believed to be caused by either some issue
+O1157SF8jZu-00447-00154904-00155404 with the skin barrier that is causing trans epidermal water loss.
+O1157SF8jZu-00448-00155404-00155712 So basically letting moisture out but letting germs in,
+O1157SF8jZu-00449-00155712-00155992 or it could be some sort of, like,
+O1157SF8jZu-00450-00155992-00156480 immune response to or inflammatory response to some sort of irritant.
+O1157SF8jZu-00451-00156480-00156832 So, if we think of something like seborrheic dermatitis, right,
+O1157SF8jZu-00452-00156832-00157092 which is like scalp eczema, basically,
+O1157SF8jZu-00453-00157140-00157368 that is believed to be triggered
+O1157SF8jZu-00454-00157368-00157692 by the yeast, the malassezia yeast.
+O1157SF8jZu-00455-00157692-00158004 So, Malassezia is actually a, it's,
+O1157SF8jZu-00456-00158004-00158312 a common part of the human skin microbiome.
+O1157SF8jZu-00457-00158312-00158468 Everybody has it.
+O1157SF8jZu-00458-00158468-00158772 But some people, for some reason,
+O1157SF8jZu-00459-00158772-00159208 they have an inflammatory response to this yeast
+O1157SF8jZu-00460-00159208-00159624 and it creates flakes and dandruff that itchy, flaky skin.
+O1157SF8jZu-00461-00159692-00159980 - So, it's not an excess of that yeast.
+O1157SF8jZu-00462-00159980-00160452 It's the body's inflammatory response to that yeast in the body?
+O1157SF8jZu-00463-00160452-00160728 - Yes. It could, you know, it could be an excess.
+O1157SF8jZu-00464-00160728-00160876 Well, that's the interesting thing.
+O1157SF8jZu-00465-00160876-00161236 That's actually a great point that you bring up, because Malassezia
+O1157SF8jZu-00466-00161236-00161708 is considered, like, it's considered a commensal yeast, but when it either
+O1157SF8jZu-00467-00161708-00162288 grows out of control or in certain genetically predisposed individuals,
+O1157SF8jZu-00468-00162288-00162700 they have this, I guess, hypersensitive response to it.
+O1157SF8jZu-00469-00162700-00163248 You don't necessarily want to kill it entirely, but you want to rein it in
+O1157SF8jZu-00470-00163248-00163824 and you want to make sure the good guys in that microbiome are keeping it in check.
+O1157SF8jZu-00471-00163824-00164120 - A question for you back to acne, Maria,
+O1157SF8jZu-00472-00164120-00164352 is there such a thing as an acne delay?
+O1157SF8jZu-00473-00164352-00164736 Like, how soon after you feel stressed
+O1157SF8jZu-00474-00164736-00165144 or you eat pizza or whatever it is,
+O1157SF8jZu-00475-00165144-00165476 do people typically then have it come out on their face?
+O1157SF8jZu-00476-00165476-00165832 Is it as fast as, you know, a couple of hours later?
+O1157SF8jZu-00477-00165832-00165904 Is it a day?
+O1157SF8jZu-00478-00165904-00165980 Is it a week?
+O1157SF8jZu-00479-00165980-00166512 It seems like if people are going to try to change their diet and lifestyle,
+O1157SF8jZu-00480-00166512-00166680 they first have to understand
+O1157SF8jZu-00481-00166680-00167056 when it comes and then think back to maybe what they were doing or eating,
+O1157SF8jZu-00482-00167056-00167472 and so, helping to understand the timing, I think is is useful.
+O1157SF8jZu-00483-00167552-00167672 - Yeah, it really depends
+O1157SF8jZu-00484-00167672-00168108 because we each have our own metabolism and biochemistry and all of that, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00485-00168108-00168272 So, the best thing
+O1157SF8jZu-00486-00168272-00168660 I think that people can do is keep a food and symptom diary
+O1157SF8jZu-00487-00168660-00169080 and track what you're eating, but also track what's happening with your skin.
+O1157SF8jZu-00488-00169080-00169472 Maybe your digestive system, your mood, energy, all of those things.
+O1157SF8jZu-00489-00169472-00169732 And you can start to draw connections.
+O1157SF8jZu-00490-00169796-00170040 Typically, once we eat something,
+O1157SF8jZu-00491-00170040-00170340 it will show up pretty, pretty soon after.
+O1157SF8jZu-00492-00170340-00170748 So, a day, maybe two days, it's probably not going to take a week.
+O1157SF8jZu-00493-00170748-00171136 It's probably going to be within a day or two for most people.
+O1157SF8jZu-00494-00171136-00171648 So, you just want to you know, if you keep your food diary for one day,
+O1157SF8jZu-00495-00171648-00171972 like, let's say... I mean, this is something that I did
+O1157SF8jZu-00496-00171972-00172312 when when I had acne and was trying to figure out what was going on.
+O1157SF8jZu-00497-00172312-00172656 I could see very clearly that when I ate pizza for dinner,
+O1157SF8jZu-00498-00172656-00173004 I woke up the next morning and it had a huge breakout.
+O1157SF8jZu-00499-00173004-00173428 But when I ate vegetables and wild salmon that breakout started to go down.
+O1157SF8jZu-00500-00173428-00173852 It started to get less red, the bump started to go down, and after a while
+O1157SF8jZu-00501-00173852-00174232 of doing this and playing this game of, you know, what breaks me out?
+O1157SF8jZu-00502-00174232-00174572 What makes my skin clear?
+O1157SF8jZu-00503-00174572-00174824 It was it was quite evident, actually.
+O1157SF8jZu-00504-00174824-00175224 And, you know, after a couple of weeks, you'll start to pick up these signs
+O1157SF8jZu-00505-00175224-00175616 and then you can start, you know, you can start making changes.
+O1157SF8jZu-00506-00175616-00176120 And you mentioned this before, that we each also have our own food sensitivities.
+O1157SF8jZu-00507-00176120-00176488 So there are some food sensitivities that are quite common, like dairy or gluten.
+O1157SF8jZu-00508-00176488-00176896 A lot of people have these, but you can be sensitive to really any food,
+O1157SF8jZu-00509-00176896-00177108 especially a food that you eat a lot of.
+O1157SF8jZu-00510-00177108-00177468 So that's why a food diary can be helpful because you may see like your
+O1157SF8jZu-00511-00177468-00177852 favorite food that you love for whatever reason, every time that you eat it,
+O1157SF8jZu-00512-00177852-00178188 you have some sort of negative health outcome.
+O1157SF8jZu-00513-00178188-00178596 So it’ll start, you know, it’ll help you to start connecting those dots.
+O1157SF8jZu-00514-00178632-00179112 - Yeah, and you just made me realize, I mean, we just recently put out a
+O1157SF8jZu-00515-00179112-00179568 WellBe guide to elimination diets because over and over and over
+O1157SF8jZu-00516-00179568-00179956 we see how incredibly important they are and how they're really the gold standard,
+O1157SF8jZu-00517-00179956-00180372 according to many, many experts that we know in this field,
+O1157SF8jZu-00518-00180372-00180728 I mean, the field being gut health, and for so many diseases
+O1157SF8jZu-00519-00180728-00180912 to understand food intolerances,
+O1157SF8jZu-00520-00180912-00181344 sensitivities, all of that more than any, you know, test that you can order.
+O1157SF8jZu-00521-00181344-00181668 And so we decided it was worth putting a whole guide out there.
+O1157SF8jZu-00522-00181668-00181872 And I wasn't thinking about the skin aspect.
+O1157SF8jZu-00523-00181872-00182400 You can 100% do an elimination diet based on just, not tracking
+O1157SF8jZu-00524-00182400-00182684 digestive symptoms, which is, of course, what most people think of,
+O1157SF8jZu-00525-00182684-00183108 but just tracking your acne and your skin and seeing, you know,
+O1157SF8jZu-00526-00183108-00183312 based on certain things that you've taken out
+O1157SF8jZu-00527-00183312-00183576 and then adding them back in whether, you then get acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00528-00183576-00183760 So, I think that's really cool.
+O1157SF8jZu-00529-00183760-00184092 And I hadn't thought about that aspect of doing tracking.
+O1157SF8jZu-00530-00184140-00184440 - I even tell people I have a three day
+O1157SF8jZu-00531-00184440-00184692 meal plan for your skin on my website, it's free.
+O1157SF8jZu-00532-00184692-00185080 And I tell people, Take a picture on day zero and then take a picture on day
+O1157SF8jZu-00533-00185080-00185440 three or day four and you'll see the difference,
+O1157SF8jZu-00534-00185440-00185744 you know, very, very quickly and in some cases overnight,
+O1157SF8jZu-00535-00185744-00186084 you can start to see these changes because food is really powerful.
+O1157SF8jZu-00536-00186084-00186420 I think it's another point to drive home to people because the idea
+O1157SF8jZu-00537-00186420-00187016 of changing your diet in order to clear your skin can seem like a big step.
+O1157SF8jZu-00538-00187016-00187348 Like, most people would rather just put some cream on their face
+O1157SF8jZu-00539-00187348-00187488 and call it a day.
+O1157SF8jZu-00540-00187488-00187864 But the reality is that when you're using topicals
+O1157SF8jZu-00541-00187864-00188164 and things like that, you're always going to be using them to some extent.
+O1157SF8jZu-00542-00188164-00188540 Most people are using them for years, but with food, like, we think,
+O1157SF8jZu-00543-00188540-00188784 Oh, it's going to take me years for my skin to clear with food.
+O1157SF8jZu-00544-00188784-00189064 No, it takes days, weeks, months.
+O1157SF8jZu-00545-00189064-00189284 You know, it actually works quite quickly.
+O1157SF8jZu-00546-00189284-00189480 And people are often really surprised to see
+O1157SF8jZu-00547-00189480-00189792 just how quickly they can see a change in their skin.
+O1157SF8jZu-00548-00189792-00190008 - That's awesome and super empowering.
+O1157SF8jZu-00549-00190008-00190440 My next question was on that topic for people that have had
+O1157SF8jZu-00550-00190440-00190932 a long history of acne or very serious cystic acne,
+O1157SF8jZu-00551-00190932-00191292 is it something based on your personal experience, turning your acne situation
+O1157SF8jZu-00552-00191292-00191692 around that you always have to manage, meaning, you know,
+O1157SF8jZu-00553-00191692-00192096 if you have a couple of days of bad eating for a wedding weekend
+O1157SF8jZu-00554-00192096-00192496 or something like that, is your face going to flare up with acne
+O1157SF8jZu-00555-00192496-00192824 or do you really feel like you, in the process of
+O1157SF8jZu-00556-00192824-00193164 of clearing up your acne years ago, have really put it behind you.
+O1157SF8jZu-00557-00193164-00193392 And if you have a bad weekend of eating,
+O1157SF8jZu-00558-00193392-00193672 you know, maybe you have no acne or one random pimple,
+O1157SF8jZu-00559-00193672-00194040 but you're not flaring up with acne the way that we think about it now.
+O1157SF8jZu-00560-00194128-00194576 - Yeah, I think anyone can really heal their skin
+O1157SF8jZu-00561-00194576-00194952 because acne is not like a bad skin problem.
+O1157SF8jZu-00562-00194952-00195132 It's a habit issue.
+O1157SF8jZu-00563-00195132-00195504 Like, it's an issue of inflammation and it's an issue of imbalance
+O1157SF8jZu-00564-00195504-00195832 that we have more control over than we realize.
+O1157SF8jZu-00565-00195832-00196020 It's not going to necessarily be easy.
+O1157SF8jZu-00566-00196020-00196112 It's going to be hard.
+O1157SF8jZu-00567-00196112-00196360 Changing your diet and lifestyle is not easy.
+O1157SF8jZu-00568-00196360-00196452 It takes commitment.
+O1157SF8jZu-00569-00196452-00196704 It takes time. There will be up and downs.
+O1157SF8jZu-00570-00196704-00196944 You know, it's not a straight upward trajectory,
+O1157SF8jZu-00571-00196944-00197344 but you can certainly get yourself to a place where your gut is
+O1157SF8jZu-00572-00197344-00197720 in a better place, where your inflammation levels are in a better place,
+O1157SF8jZu-00573-00197720-00198032 where your hormones are in a better place, your blood sugar.
+O1157SF8jZu-00574-00198032-00198204 You know, all of these things.
+O1157SF8jZu-00575-00198204-00198540 If you can get your body back into balance,
+O1157SF8jZu-00576-00198540-00198940 then having a slice of pizza or a wedding weekend, you know,
+O1157SF8jZu-00577-00198940-00199388 where you go crazy or whatever it is, it's not going to impact you as much.
+O1157SF8jZu-00578-00199388-00199776 Just to give you an example of, you know, in my own experience,
+O1157SF8jZu-00579-00199776-00200116 if I, like back in the day, if I were to have a piece of pizza,
+O1157SF8jZu-00580-00200116-00200556 I could literally see the next morning it was on my face, you know,
+O1157SF8jZu-00581-00200556-00200664 I had a pizza face.
+O1157SF8jZu-00582-00200664-00200868 My face was completely broken out.
+O1157SF8jZu-00583-00200868-00201112 Now that my gut is healed,
+O1157SF8jZu-00584-00201112-00201420 my hormones are balanced, my inflammation levels are low.
+O1157SF8jZu-00585-00201420-00201696 I could have a slice of pizza and be totally fine.
+O1157SF8jZu-00586-00201696-00201880 So, your threshold is increased.
+O1157SF8jZu-00587-00201880-00202240 Now, if I were to eat pizza every day like I used to, I will break out.
+O1157SF8jZu-00588-00202240-00202716 You know, and I've tested this out recently in Italy and yes, I will break out at some point.
+O1157SF8jZu-00589-00202716-00203092 - Okay, so, how many days in a row do you have to eat pizza to break out?
+O1157SF8jZu-00590-00203152-00203364 - I'd say three.
+O1157SF8jZu-00591-00203364-00203660 - I think three is a good number for all kinds of things, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00592-00203660-00203988 Because like one is, it could be a one off, two, you're on your way.
+O1157SF8jZu-00593-00203988-00204328 Three. Yeah, you are doing it.
+O1157SF8jZu-00594-00204328-00204420 That's great to know.
+O1157SF8jZu-00595-00204420-00204656 Okay, so everybody keep that number in mind.
+O1157SF8jZu-00596-00204656-00204996 One day, bad eating is not going to make you...
+O1157SF8jZu-00597-00204996-00205204 You have to do the work first, is what you're saying.
+O1157SF8jZu-00598-00205204-00205316 - You have to do the work first
+O1157SF8jZu-00599-00205316-00205632 because, you know, your health is a reflection of what you do
+O1157SF8jZu-00600-00205632-00205864 most of the time, not what you do once in a while.
+O1157SF8jZu-00601-00205864-00206200 So, the vast majority of the time you're eating healthy foods,
+O1157SF8jZu-00602-00206200-00206600 if you go off track a little bit once in a while, it's really not a big deal.
+O1157SF8jZu-00603-00206600-00206908 And, you know, you can track, like, if you want to track things,
+O1157SF8jZu-00604-00206908-00207023 you can totally track things.
+O1157SF8jZu-00605-00207023-00207284 So if you're dealing with acne now, you might want to go get
+O1157SF8jZu-00606-00207284-00207648 your inflammation levels tested, you might want to go get your fasting
+O1157SF8jZu-00607-00207648-00208040 insulin levels tested, your blood sugar, your hormones, even.
+O1157SF8jZu-00608-00208040-00208208 You might do a gut test, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00609-00208208-00208716 You can get these markers tested and then you can track your progress, as well.
+O1157SF8jZu-00610-00208716-00209112 Like, some people like to see the numbers and they like to see that difference.
+O1157SF8jZu-00611-00209112-00209356 For some people, just seeing it on their skin is enough.
+O1157SF8jZu-00612-00209356-00209508 But you can certainly do that.
+O1157SF8jZu-00613-00209508-00209767 And that might also give you some encouragement
+O1157SF8jZu-00614-00209767-00209892 because like I said,
+O1157SF8jZu-00615-00209892-00210132 you know, it's not, like, your skin's not going to clear overnight.
+O1157SF8jZu-00616-00210132-00210367 It will start to slowly and surely get better.
+O1157SF8jZu-00617-00210367-00210604 Your breakouts will start to become less and less.
+O1157SF8jZu-00618-00210604-00210919 You may notice that you used to always break out around your period,
+O1157SF8jZu-00619-00210919-00211223 now maybe it's just half as much as, you know,
+O1157SF8jZu-00620-00211223-00211464 you used to, where it eventually, like, it stops, you know.
+O1157SF8jZu-00621-00211464-00211832 But in that process, if you were to then retest your blood markers,
+O1157SF8jZu-00622-00211832-00212256 you may start to see these levels going down or going in the right direction.
+O1157SF8jZu-00623-00212256-00212556 And that may give you the confidence to keep up with these
+O1157SF8jZu-00624-00212556-00212723 these new habits.
+O1157SF8jZu-00625-00212723-00213036 - Amazing, so, just circling back, because we're almost out of time,
+O1157SF8jZu-00626-00213036-00213248 which is crazy, to the six
+O1157SF8jZu-00627-00213248-00213544 things that you mentioned as the root causes of acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00628-00213544-00213960 Say somebody goes through their diet and lifestyle and evaluates
+O1157SF8jZu-00629-00213960-00214400 and realizes that they have they have or are doing all six, right.
+O1157SF8jZu-00630-00214400-00214771 Like my gut’s messed up, my diet isn't great,
+O1157SF8jZu-00631-00214771-00215052 I do have a lot of uncontrolled stress.
+O1157SF8jZu-00632-00215052-00215436 You know, you name it, I'm not sleeping well or not sleeping enough.
+O1157SF8jZu-00633-00215496-00215900 Because I think it's very hard to do, you know, total lifestyle,
+O1157SF8jZu-00634-00215900-00216048 diet, transformation all at once.
+O1157SF8jZu-00635-00216048-00216384 I'd like to think that you start really focusing on one thing
+O1157SF8jZu-00636-00216384-00216660 for a couple of weeks only, and then you can, sort of, like,
+O1157SF8jZu-00637-00216660-00216823 add them back in like a juggler, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00638-00216823-00217252 You can’t juggle ten things at once, you start juggling two or three and then you got it
+O1157SF8jZu-00639-00217252-00217416 and then you throw in the fourth.
+O1157SF8jZu-00640-00217416-00217828 So, what do you think is the best of the six, if you've got them all,
+O1157SF8jZu-00641-00217828-00218160 to start with, to make sure that you start seeing progress
+O1157SF8jZu-00642-00218160-00218452 right away and then you can add in a few of the others.
+O1157SF8jZu-00643-00218492-00218784 - Well, I think that also really depends on the individual.
+O1157SF8jZu-00644-00218784-00219164 Like, what is their primary leading factor?
+O1157SF8jZu-00645-00219164-00219548 Because yes, some people may have all of these factors.
+O1157SF8jZu-00646-00219548-00219660 I know I did.
+O1157SF8jZu-00647-00219660-00219880 Some people might have one, two or three,
+O1157SF8jZu-00648-00219880-00220100 but we're going to all have them in different amounts.
+O1157SF8jZu-00649-00220100-00220512 So like, for example, if your stress level is out of control
+O1157SF8jZu-00650-00220512-00220804 and like, you know, you're just in a job where you're
+O1157SF8jZu-00651-00220804-00221140 always on edge and, like, you're always working, you're always burnt out.
+O1157SF8jZu-00652-00221140-00221504 And like, you know, like your stress is your biggest factor,
+O1157SF8jZu-00653-00221504-00221932 then you can eat all the broccoli and, you know, sweet potatoes, whatever, and
+O1157SF8jZu-00654-00221932-00222076 wild salmon that you want,
+O1157SF8jZu-00655-00222076-00222367 like, you're still going to be in this fight or flight
+O1157SF8jZu-00656-00222367-00222564 flight mode and you're not going to be able to heal.
+O1157SF8jZu-00657-00222564-00222800 We need to get the body into the rest and digest.
+O1157SF8jZu-00658-00222800-00223164 So, for this person, I would say working on your stress is actually the first thing,
+O1157SF8jZu-00659-00223164-00223348 and then giving that person a strict diet
+O1157SF8jZu-00660-00223348-00223523 is probably going to stress them out more.
+O1157SF8jZu-00661-00223523-00223823 So working on stress reduction techniques, can we try meditation?
+O1157SF8jZu-00662-00223823-00223919 Can we try breathwork?
+O1157SF8jZu-00663-00223919-00224260 Breathing techniques, like, breathing is such an amazing, easy way to,
+O1157SF8jZu-00664-00224260-00224592 kind of, shift our body into that parasympathetic nervous system.
+O1157SF8jZu-00665-00224592-00224736 You know, so that's one example.
+O1157SF8jZu-00666-00224736-00225136 If someone is just like eating a ton of sugar, let's say, a lot of refined
+O1157SF8jZu-00667-00225136-00225396 and processed foods, and that is their main problem,
+O1157SF8jZu-00668-00225396-00225532 then that's where I would start.
+O1157SF8jZu-00669-00225532-00225892 We would focus on adding in more of the anti-inflammatory foods
+O1157SF8jZu-00670-00225892-00226312 and starting to crowd out some of those processed, refined foods.
+O1157SF8jZu-00671-00226376-00226584 And then last thing I'll say, like, a good place
+O1157SF8jZu-00672-00226584-00226932 for a lot of people to start, though, is the gut, because gut
+O1157SF8jZu-00673-00226932-00227460 health is so pivotal to our skin health and our overall health.
+O1157SF8jZu-00674-00227460-00227688 If we're not digesting our food properly,
+O1157SF8jZu-00675-00227688-00227876 we're not absorbing our nutrients properly,
+O1157SF8jZu-00676-00227876-00228123 like, again, it won't matter if we're eating healthy foods
+O1157SF8jZu-00677-00228123-00228419 because we're not getting all the goodness from it we can,
+O1157SF8jZu-00678-00228419-00228692 the gut is also a source of inflammation, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00679-00228692-00229071 So, I would say that food in the gut for a lot of people
+O1157SF8jZu-00680-00229071-00229432 is the first place to start removing the inflammatory foods.
+O1157SF8jZu-00681-00229432-00229644 But again, if you're a person that's under stress,
+O1157SF8jZu-00682-00229644-00229880 then definitely stress is the first place to start.
+O1157SF8jZu-00683-00229880-00229992 - Got it. I think, right,
+O1157SF8jZu-00684-00229992-00230376 so you would, sort of, go through this six and if one was so alarming, you know,
+O1157SF8jZu-00685-00230376-00230640 like, well, my diet’s okay,
+O1157SF8jZu-00686-00230640-00231052 and, you know, my stress is, you know, okay,
+O1157SF8jZu-00687-00231052-00231440 but I'm sleeping like 3 hours a night because I'm working on a new project.
+O1157SF8jZu-00688-00231440-00231732 And even if it's not stressful, like it's exciting, but I'm hardly sleeping.
+O1157SF8jZu-00689-00231732-00232140 You'd be like, whoa, whoa, whoa, let's take a couple of weeks to sleep first,
+O1157SF8jZu-00690-00232140-00232356 and then working on the other things.
+O1157SF8jZu-00691-00232356-00232496 So, it makes sense to me.
+O1157SF8jZu-00692-00232496-00232892 It's kind of like, where's the biggest fire for that person?
+O1157SF8jZu-00693-00232916-00233000 - Exactly.
+O1157SF8jZu-00694-00233000-00233119 - Put that out first.
+O1157SF8jZu-00695-00233119-00233456 So, and I think one thing to make sure people understand
+O1157SF8jZu-00696-00233456-00233948 because you made the distinction between food and the gut, the health of your gut
+O1157SF8jZu-00697-00233948-00234464 being like the two biggest factors in whether or not you have acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00698-00234464-00234636 The difference, because a lot of people think
+O1157SF8jZu-00699-00234636-00235019 your gut health is really what you eat or don't eat, is that a lot of things
+O1157SF8jZu-00700-00235019-00235192 contribute to the health of your gut,
+O1157SF8jZu-00701-00235192-00235560 including medication use, over the counter and prescription,
+O1157SF8jZu-00702-00235560-00235900 the quality and quantity of the water that you drink,
+O1157SF8jZu-00703-00235900-00236388 other sorts of liquids, obviously food as well, environmental pollutants
+O1157SF8jZu-00704-00236388-00236800 that might be in your home that are then making their way into your lungs,
+O1157SF8jZu-00705-00236800-00237184 and then it could also end up in your gut, as well.
+O1157SF8jZu-00706-00237184-00237448 So, a lot of different things contribute to the gut.
+O1157SF8jZu-00707-00237448-00237792 I will make a small plug for the free “WellBe Gut Health Guide”,
+O1157SF8jZu-00708-00237792-00238044 which you can download on getwellbe.com
+O1157SF8jZu-00709-00238044-00238400 to understand the things that really help and harm gut health.
+O1157SF8jZu-00710-00238400-00238904 Again, like Maria was saying, a large percentage of those things is food,
+O1157SF8jZu-00711-00238904-00239008 but there are many more.
+O1157SF8jZu-00712-00239008-00239396 And so that's also what she was alluding to in the distinction
+O1157SF8jZu-00713-00239396-00239723 between just food and the state of your gut.
+O1157SF8jZu-00714-00239723-00240048 One more little question I just thought of, as a new mom,
+O1157SF8jZu-00715-00240048-00240567 I noticed and a lot of parents will relate to this,
+O1157SF8jZu-00716-00240567-00240684 baby acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00717-00240684-00241032 You know, babies have a lot of random things happening to their skin
+O1157SF8jZu-00718-00241032-00241156 when they're very little.
+O1157SF8jZu-00719-00241156-00241748 And, you know, my son didn't have any solids at all or formula, really,
+O1157SF8jZu-00720-00241748-00242108 until he was, you know, I think we started started solids at five months and
+O1157SF8jZu-00721-00242108-00242560 and bottle of formula at, like, the six or seven month state.
+O1157SF8jZu-00722-00242560-00242844 But he had plenty of things going on with his skin
+O1157SF8jZu-00723-00242844-00243276 that looked like baby acne from, you know, a day or two old.
+O1157SF8jZu-00724-00243276-00243760 And so I never understood what that was because it's not food, per say.
+O1157SF8jZu-00725-00243760-00244019 Of course, I eat food and make breast milk.
+O1157SF8jZu-00726-00244019-00244508 But do you know anything about why babies get acne and what causes it?
+O1157SF8jZu-00727-00244508-00244836 - So, I'm not an expert in this area, and there are people who specialize
+O1157SF8jZu-00728-00244836-00245348 specifically in pediatric and even infantile acne and nutrition.
+O1157SF8jZu-00729-00245348-00246056 But for my research, I found that there is basically two types of baby acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00730-00246056-00246608 There is the neonatal acne, which is, say, babies under six weeks or so.
+O1157SF8jZu-00731-00246608-00247056 And then there is the the infantile acne, which is from, say,
+O1157SF8jZu-00732-00247056-00247412 you know, two or three months to like 16 months, right.
+O1157SF8jZu-00733-00247412-00247632 For the the neonatal acne,
+O1157SF8jZu-00734-00247632-00247964 this is not actually real acne and this is the more common one.
+O1157SF8jZu-00735-00247964-00248508 So, this apparently affects about 20% of babies before the age of six weeks.
+O1157SF8jZu-00736-00248508-00248784 And this is actually caused by that
+O1157SF8jZu-00737-00248784-00249092 Malassezia yeast that we were talking about earlier.
+O1157SF8jZu-00738-00249092-00249484 So Malassezia is, again, it's a commensal yeast
+O1157SF8jZu-00739-00249484-00249723 that is found naturally in the skin microbiome.
+O1157SF8jZu-00740-00249723-00250176 But for some reason we don't exactly know why some babies have an inflammatory
+O1157SF8jZu-00741-00250176-00250508 immune response to this yeast, and that creates what looks like
+O1157SF8jZu-00742-00250508-00250648 little pimples on their face.
+O1157SF8jZu-00743-00250648-00250940 And this generally just resolves on its own.
+O1157SF8jZu-00744-00251016-00251248 For the slightly older infants
+O1157SF8jZu-00745-00251304-00251623 that affects less than 2%.
+O1157SF8jZu-00746-00251623-00251919 So, that's a little bit less common,
+O1157SF8jZu-00747-00251919-00252204 but we don't really know exactly why it's happening.
+O1157SF8jZu-00748-00252204-00252652 The common hypothesis is that it has something to do with hormones,
+O1157SF8jZu-00749-00252652-00252988 with excess androgens, whether it's coming from the mother's milk or,
+O1157SF8jZu-00750-00252988-00253423 you know, maybe just the baby itself, but my guess is
+O1157SF8jZu-00751-00253423-00253848 there may also be some inflammation in there, may be some gut issues.
+O1157SF8jZu-00752-00253848-00254071 You know, who knows? Maybe even stress, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00753-00254071-00254252 Because, let's say,
+O1157SF8jZu-00754-00254252-00254600 I don't know, a baby's doing sleep training or something and is left to cry.
+O1157SF8jZu-00755-00254600-00254796 Like maybe that's stressing the baby out.
+O1157SF8jZu-00756-00254796-00255052 I don't know. I'm just hypothesizing.
+O1157SF8jZu-00757-00255084-00255588 - I mean, certainly they’re getting foods, right, because if a baby has a dairy sensitivity,
+O1157SF8jZu-00758-00255588-00255864 the mother can't, the nursing mother, can't have dairy. Right.
+O1157SF8jZu-00759-00255864-00256380 So they're getting things in the breast milk that are a result of the foods
+O1157SF8jZu-00760-00256380-00256452 that the mother eats.
+O1157SF8jZu-00761-00256452-00256944 So, like you said, completely makes sense that if the mother
+O1157SF8jZu-00762-00256944-00257184 is passing along something that the baby
+O1157SF8jZu-00763-00257184-00257508 would have an inflammatory response to then it could get acne from it.
+O1157SF8jZu-00764-00257508-00258060 I think there's not enough awareness about how much the mother's breast milk
+O1157SF8jZu-00765-00258060-00258600 and what she's eating and consuming and her own hormone levels as she's making
+O1157SF8jZu-00766-00258600-00259104 the breast milk and passing along to the baby affect that baby's skin and...
+O1157SF8jZu-00767-00259200-00259323 - Gut and everything.
+O1157SF8jZu-00768-00259323-00259423 And all of that.
+O1157SF8jZu-00769-00259423-00259871 Yeah, I mean, certainly eczema but also baby acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00770-00259871-00260252 I think most people think it's this kind of just like random harmless thing
+O1157SF8jZu-00771-00260252-00260567 that happens to babies and they're not thinking about it as,
+O1157SF8jZu-00772-00260567-00260732 you know, an inflammatory response
+O1157SF8jZu-00773-00260732-00261288 to something in the breast milk or even to stress from, you know, crying out method or whatever.
+O1157SF8jZu-00774-00261288-00261540 Very lucky I did not have to do that with my son,
+O1157SF8jZu-00775-00261540-00261840 but I'm sure he's been stressed in other ways.
+O1157SF8jZu-00776-00261840-00262084 - Maybe it's not that, I'm not an expert in this area.
+O1157SF8jZu-00777-00262084-00262252 I don't know. I'm just hypothesizing.
+O1157SF8jZu-00778-00262252-00262484 There's some source of inflammation
+O1157SF8jZu-00779-00262484-00262816 happening there and that's probably contributing.
+O1157SF8jZu-00780-00262860-00263004 - Got it.
+O1157SF8jZu-00781-00263004-00263388 And for another time, you know, the whole concept of things that go away
+O1157SF8jZu-00782-00263388-00263824 on their own versus you need intervention is also such a mystery,
+O1157SF8jZu-00783-00263824-00264196 especially with babies but also with, you know, adults,
+O1157SF8jZu-00784-00264196-00264584 you know, like things that just your body figures out how to resolve on its own
+O1157SF8jZu-00785-00264584-00264888 and then others where like you really need to do something different in order
+O1157SF8jZu-00786-00264888-00265256 to change that and make that stop happening so.
+O1157SF8jZu-00787-00265288-00265380 - Well, I love that
+O1157SF8jZu-00788-00265380-00265804 you said that because that's a perfect example of how resilient our body is.
+O1157SF8jZu-00789-00265804-00266236 It's always working to bring us back to balance
+O1157SF8jZu-00790-00266236-00266400 or bring us back to optimal health.
+O1157SF8jZu-00791-00266400-00266736 And, you know, I think that, like, acne, like,
+O1157SF8jZu-00792-00266736-00267144 this is why I tell people with acne, like it's actually a blessing in disguise
+O1157SF8jZu-00793-00267144-00267560 because it's alerting you to inflammation inside your body.
+O1157SF8jZu-00794-00267560-00267804 Not everyone is so lucky, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00795-00267804-00268152 A lot of people have inflammation in their body and they don't know
+O1157SF8jZu-00796-00268152-00268568 until it's too late, until they get a very scary diagnosis or,
+O1157SF8jZu-00797-00268568-00268732 you know, something happens to them.
+O1157SF8jZu-00798-00268732-00268944 That's that's a lot worse than a pimple.
+O1157SF8jZu-00799-00268944-00269304 So, you know, that's not to minimize acne or anything like that.
+O1157SF8jZu-00800-00269304-00269608 But I think, you know, realizing that your body is
+O1157SF8jZu-00801-00269608-00270076 always trying to help you out, you know, and it's always like
+O1157SF8jZu-00802-00270076-00270488 when we have rashes and breakouts of whatever, it's communication.
+O1157SF8jZu-00803-00270488-00270736 That's all it is. It's communication. There's nothing wrong with you.
+O1157SF8jZu-00804-00270736-00270852 There's nothing wrong with your body.
+O1157SF8jZu-00805-00270852-00271172 In fact, your body is probably doing exactly what it needs to do
+O1157SF8jZu-00806-00271172-00271476 based on whatever inputs you're giving it.
+O1157SF8jZu-00807-00271476-00271608 I love that you said that.
+O1157SF8jZu-00808-00271608-00271920 I say that all the time too about, like, people with period issues.
+O1157SF8jZu-00809-00271920-00272232 You know, women are so lucky to have this monthly report card
+O1157SF8jZu-00810-00272324-00272520 to alert them to issues in their body.
+O1157SF8jZu-00811-00272520-00272888 And so cramps are terrible and mood swings are terrible
+O1157SF8jZu-00812-00272888-00273288 and this and that, but also so lucky because you get to get that communication
+O1157SF8jZu-00813-00273288-00273396 and do something about it.
+O1157SF8jZu-00814-00273396-00273612 Men don't have that monthly report card, right?
+O1157SF8jZu-00815-00273612-00273732 They don't have as many ways
+O1157SF8jZu-00816-00273732-00274044 through their body to communicate with them that things are not quite right
+O1157SF8jZu-00817-00274044-00274528 and give them an opportunity to correct, you know, course correct
+O1157SF8jZu-00818-00274528-00274812 before something more serious happens, not to end
+O1157SF8jZu-00819-00274812-00275184 on a morbid note, but I know somebody that I grew up with
+O1157SF8jZu-00820-00275184-00275712 who just died at the age of 40. 40 or 41.
+O1157SF8jZu-00821-00275912-00276164 You know, as a result of complications with getting COVID.
+O1157SF8jZu-00822-00276164-00276640 But it was discovered that she had undiagnosed early stage heart disease
+O1157SF8jZu-00823-00276640-00277104 and it wasn't manifesting in a symptom, until COVID, really,
+O1157SF8jZu-00824-00277104-00277648 you know, sort of let it take control or let it get really out of hand
+O1157SF8jZu-00825-00277648-00277904 and she passed away and it was so awful and sad,
+O1157SF8jZu-00826-00277904-00278068 and I just wish there had been some way
+O1157SF8jZu-00827-00278068-00278372 for her to get that communication from her body earlier.
+O1157SF8jZu-00828-00278372-00278524 Maybe she did
+O1157SF8jZu-00829-00278524-00278880 in some way and didn't pay attention to it or was trying to work on it a little bit.
+O1157SF8jZu-00830-00278880-00279188 But I think these sources of communication
+O1157SF8jZu-00831-00279188-00279652 like pain or skin issues or digestive issues,
+O1157SF8jZu-00832-00279652-00279944 not being able to go to the bathroom or, you know, having diarrhea,
+O1157SF8jZu-00833-00279944-00280356 these are all ways that we can course correct before more serious things happen.
+O1157SF8jZu-00834-00280356-00280752 And so having the mindset of not like, you know, acne sucks
+O1157SF8jZu-00835-00280752-00281076 or like I hate my skin or whatever, but really embracing like, thank you,
+O1157SF8jZu-00836-00281076-00281388 thank you for telling me, let me do something about it
+O1157SF8jZu-00837-00281388-00281712 is such a great way to not only improve your health and your skin,
+O1157SF8jZu-00838-00281712-00282292 but have just better energy, more positive energy within your, within your body.
+O1157SF8jZu-00839-00282292-00282808 So, Maria, thank you for sharing so much great information on acne.
+O1157SF8jZu-00840-00282808-00283000 You are a wealth of knowledge.
+O1157SF8jZu-00841-00283000-00283492 I know that you are doing lots with helping people with acne right now.
+O1157SF8jZu-00842-00283492-00283784 So please tell the WellBe audience where they can find you.
+O1157SF8jZu-00843-00283840-00284192 - You guys can find me on mariamarlowe.com and Marlowe
+O1157SF8jZu-00844-00284192-00284456 is spelled M-A-R-L-O-W-E.
+O1157SF8jZu-00845-00284512-00284848 I have clear skin plan there, which is a program that walks you
+O1157SF8jZu-00846-00284848-00285320 through 90 days of changing your habits to improve your skin from within,
+O1157SF8jZu-00847-00285320-00285664 which is actually by the time this is posting being turned into an app.
+O1157SF8jZu-00848-00285664-00285808 So that's very exciting.
+O1157SF8jZu-00849-00285808-00285956 - Yes, yes.
+O1157SF8jZu-00850-00285956-00286200 I'm very excited to see it and try it.
+O1157SF8jZu-00851-00286200-00286704 I'm luckily not dealing with acne, but I just want to play around with it.
+O1157SF8jZu-00852-00286704-00287116 And so I can advise anybody else who is dealing with it
+O1157SF8jZu-00853-00287116-00287352 how to fix it using your app.
+O1157SF8jZu-00854-00287352-00287552 So this is great, very exciting.
+O1157SF8jZu-00855-00287552-00287952 Thank you again for being on the show and everybody else,
+O1157SF8jZu-00856-00287952-00288032 thank you for listening.
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00000-00000003-00000485 Hello and welcome to Easy Tutorial today I'm going to show you how to play CashFlow101
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00001-00000485-00001269 Before starting the games you need to choose your dream so you here
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00002-00001269-00001754 are several lists that you can choose
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00003-00001900-00002786 Let's say this is my dream okay choose this dream okay this is the
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00004-00002786-00003635 character you can chain to female or male and my profession is teacher I am a
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00005-00003635-00004382 teacher and this is my financial summary my income is 3,000 per month I don't have a
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00006-00004382-00005233 passive income right now so is 0 this is expand we have a kid I would spend 180
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00007-00005233-00006239 per month and other expense would be 2,000 and this is money left every month
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00008-00006239-00006847 so this is the interface in this game you will learn at least two things.
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00009-00006847-00007831 Lesson 1 is to learn to read and record your classflow. Lesson 2 is you will learn to get out of
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00010-00007831-00008617 our face by yeah and go to fast track the mean fineness of freedom okay so
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00011-00008617-00009147 let's get started so this is my turn
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00012-00009360-00010072 okay I am on opportunity car so there are two deer one is Big Deals and Small Deals
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00013-00010072-00010863 the difference is a Big Deal is you need more money to invest for example
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00014-00010863-00011418 Big Deal would be the estate or something and Small Deals are more like Investing in Stock.
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00015-00011418-00012345 you only need some small amount of money to invest there is no specific detail
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00016-00012345-00013110 but as far as I know if you have 8,000 but you can invest in Big Deal and then that
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00017-00013110-00013994 you can invest in Small Deals. so I have 1,000 so I prefer Small Deals
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00018-00013994-00014969 Mutual Fund, so cotton try is 40 and trading price is only 10 to 30 so that's
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00019-00014969-00015419 not a good deal I pass on deal.
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00020-00015710-00017160 nicely done okay a Small Deal again so this is a Stock utility the trading price is
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00021-00017160-00017916 60 and current price 600 the interest would be a $1 per month it's not really
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00022-00017916-00018959 good so I pass it yeah I would have passed on that deal too okay
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00023-00019037-00019370 smokey again
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00024-00019578-00020250 so the my friend needs some money so I'm gonna help him or not
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00025-00020250-00020732 let's see Cost, downpayment
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00026-00020961-00021284 okay this is interesting
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00027-00021515-00022097 there is No CashFlow and now I don't have enough money anyway I can
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00028-00022097-00022424 pass it
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00029-00022424-00022665 [Turtle] a good job
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00030-00022988-00024317 against Small Deal okay not interested nicely done then Damn. Downside. okay that's
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00031-00024317-00025045 I mean I am get out of job I don't even have any money
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00032-00025556-00026251 if you do you have enough I mean if you have some passive income even Downside
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00033-00026251-00027232 doesn't take the money from your hand so yeah 9-5 job sucks.
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00034-00028083-00028418 okay Small Deal again
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00035-00028533-00029004 same Mutual Fund [Robert] Good job
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00036-00029199-00029868 charity yeah somebody needs help and I'm luckier than them so yeah I have as much
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00037-00029868-00030462 as I can good job thank you so when you donate
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00038-00030462-00031431 you get two dice you can either use it or not it's up to you okay now I am I'm
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00039-00031431-00031970 having a baby yeah congratulation to me so expense
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00040-00031970-00032347 increase you need to refresh
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00041-00033060-00033907 Doodads okay do that is expense that you need to take care of and you have 2 options
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00042-00033907-00034693 using credit card or pay by cash in general I don't like to spend with
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00043-00034693-00035125 credit card or something not really important if I have money
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00044-00035125-00035638 I pay by cash because credit card has interest that you have to pay every
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00045-00035638-00035856 month
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00046-00036484-00037338 okay small deal okay this is good deal for stock so the drug company has the
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00047-00037338-00037900 current price is $1 and trading range is between 5 to 40 so I would buy all
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00048-00037900-00038727 of my money I have to type the number yeah buy
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00049-00038727-00039379 so this is an asset this is an asset so cost goes in asset
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00050-00039379-00039954 yeah the investment
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00051-00040049-00040869 charity again oh no I okay so I have to pass this now because
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00052-00040869-00041703 I have zero in my balance yeah I would have passed on that deal - okay expense
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00053-00041703-00042053 again Cash
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00054-00042363-00043224 baby the second one that was okay refresh
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00055-00043981-00044302 Small Deal
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00056-00044395-00044971 okay this is nice stockbrokers says that investing in real estate is risky what
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00057-00044971-00045355 else would you expect a stockbroker to say about real estate why don't you ask
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00058-00045355-00045859 a real estate broker what do you thinks about stocks well I wouldn't do that
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00059-00045859-00046684 because he doesn't handle stop Oh God no thanks for good advice so the character
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00060-00046684-00047629 will tell you a bit about investing information so yeah so this is the the
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00061-00047629-00048937 opportunity card and it has a negative cash flow so I pass it nicely done okay
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00062-00048937-00049311 payday I get my paycheck
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00063-00049613-00049913 charity
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00064-00050294-00050795 okay and Expense again Cash
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00065-00051111-00052116 opportunity Small Deal so now electronic stock the price is yeah up high
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00066-00052116-00052689 not interested good job
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00067-00052712-00053172 okay market card I will tell you information about a property or
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00068-00053172-00053772 investment opportunity so yet you don't have to do anything just get the
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00069-00053772-00054077 information and close it
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00070-00055175-00056105 okay yeah Small Deal yeah so entertainment stock the current price
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00071-00056105-00057038 is 10 the minimum and maximum is 30 so I buy some. Let's see.
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00072-00057360-00058308 again record in Asset because it an
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00073-00058308-00058997 investment Small Deal.
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00074-00059932-00060194 okay
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00075-00060703-00061476 yeah the down payment would be 5,000 I don't have enough for want to let's see
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00076-00061476-00062164 okay I cannot sell this opportunity to Robert because he doesn't have enough
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00077-00062164-00062679 money either okay pass the dear
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00078-00062970-00063699 okay small deal again no yeah I would have passed on that deal too
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00079-00063699-00064209 yeah the stuff that I bought before it was ten now the current price is 20 I
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00080-00064209-00065029 can keep it or sell it if I want to you would say it sell on
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00081-00066010-00066489 okay market information
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00082-00066871-00067171 again
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00083-00067602-00068412 yeah I have more than 8,000 so I can invest in Big Deal okay 3 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00084-00068412-00069300 the current price yes 65,000 is between 65,000 to 135,000 this
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00085-00069300-00069770 is good deal and I have enough money to pay for down payment
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00086-00069770-00070677 I would earn a $300 per month so by opportunity cost and down payment would
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00087-00070677-00071292 be asset Mortgage goes to Liability cash flow would go to
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00088-00071292-00072375 income refresh refresh so you can see ya the progress here confirm now I have
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00089-00072375-00072808 passive income $300
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00090-00073299-00073658 okay smoothie air for now
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00091-00073781-00074086 okay split
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00092-00074559-00074990 again expense pay by Cash
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00093-00075910-00076627 so someone wants to buy a house three bedroom and two bathroom and the price
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00094-00076627-00077829 is 90,000 yeah like I can make some money when I say but I would lose money
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00095-00077829-00078435 income - yeah I want to keep the property
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00096-00078827-00079126 against Small Deal.
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00097-00079455-00080063 hmm yeah I wouldn't invest some
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00098-00080858-00081439 okay congratulation to Robert Robert get out or rat race.
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00099-00082702-00083241 okay Pass. I don't have money right now
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00100-00083692-00084025 Small Deal again
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00101-00084854-00085655 okay I only have 2,000 and the down payment would be 4,000 I can borrow loan from bank
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00102-00085655-00087083 for some money if I want to but yeah I would pass it's not much return on investment again got baby again.
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00103-00087083-00087392 third one
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00104-00088019-00088319 opportunity
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00105-00088580-00089005 startup No
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00106-00089440-00089740 opportunity
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00107-00090238-00091007 not interested nicely done
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00108-00091014-00092508 so Robert yeah achieves his dream so I'm playing alone now Downsize.
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00109-00092508-00092998 downsize it shouldn't make any difference if you've invested well your
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00110-00092998-00093408 money will be working even if you're not
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00111-00093462-00093810 nicely time
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00112-00094308-00095304 okay this is a good deal so I can buy it Mortgage goes to Liability the down payment and Cost go to Asset
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00113-00095304-00096128 I said cash flow goes to income Refresh confirm
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00114-00096233-00096533 paycheck
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00115-00098011-00098977 so the price between it can be 0 to 4,000 and comment the seller asks 500 I
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00116-00098977-00099739 have money to spare so I was investing so liability liability down payment and
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00117-00099739-00100774 cost to asset and cash flow - that was a good buy. income thank you
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00118-00100845-00101169 Small Deal
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00119-00101349-00102024 okay but why do you see that investing isn't risky well there is always risk
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00120-00102024-00102467 when you invest but it doesn't mean you have to be risky you don't have to be a
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00121-00102467-00103186 risky investor when you drive your car there is risk right well yeah yeah but
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00122-00103186-00103764 but you don't have to be a risky driver if you take a few lessons practice take
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00123-00103764-00104255 it slow you'll be a very good investor there's always risk but you won't be
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00124-00104255-00104840 risky oh I see
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00125-00106288-00106639 okay spin
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00126-00106961-00107622 so okay truck stop they couldn't try this selling yeah it's
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00127-00107622-00108702 very and I bought yeah 50 cent I can say it all and make good money so now I make
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00128-00108702-00109472 good money from stock I would pay some lon
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00129-00109607-00110603 okay car loan so you need to leave remove this items from your report okay
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00130-00110603-00111224 and this face okay confirm
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00131-00111609-00111903 yeah home
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00132-00112072-00112713 this one in this one profess confirmed
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00133-00112907-00113233 credit card
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00134-00113789-00114236 then retarded
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00135-00114775-00115077 schooled on
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00136-00115803-00116429 okay now I'm debt free and have some money left to invest
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00137-00117057-00117900 know him so have more money I would invest in big deal so this is X Plex the
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00138-00117900-00118994 down payment is 32 and it would give me positive cash flow 1 K + mo get
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00139-00118994-00119849 liability down payment and that was a good buy - I said kiss go to income
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00140-00119849-00120988 profess so I think I'm done I get our breakfast now and film yep
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00141-00120988-00122342 so this is at the fast track my daily income is 210 and the the goal is 260
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00142-00122342-00122924 and this is cash on hand
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00143-00123254-00124568 okay first our opportunity okay cold mind I would invest 150 the return is 25
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00144-00124568-00124981 plus buy it
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00145-00125183-00126082 nicely done this is not interested okay I'll play shoulda taken so so the eighth
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00146-00126082-00127185 person later no investment yeah biotech congratulations that was a good deal
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00147-00127185-00128532 okay would buy it that's the way to do it okay puss put unity again buy it
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00148-00128532-00130041 Finch eyes it nicely done okay so nicely done
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00149-00130458-00130746 No
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00150-00130858-00131332 no no there you go
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00151-00131629-00132028 Kaori purchased
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00152-00133011-00133661 okay opportunity 49 that was a goodbye
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00153-00133709-00134570 okay buy it so this is the goal and I almost there I am almost there
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00154-00135615-00136271 okay now I you know
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00155-00136927-00137235 so did
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00156-00138597-00139850 okay bye congratulations that was a good deal so yeah that's it I reach my goal
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00157-00139928-00140706 that's how you play cashflow 101 and I hope you enjoy it and you can play it on
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00158-00140706-00141381 rich that website for free it's online game and this one is a desktop lesson
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00159-00141381-00141908 that is available on window only
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00160-00141993-00142569 I have link in this description so you can check it out you can buy from
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00161-00142569-00143493 ditched out on Amazon - yeah so yeah enjoy and don't forget to talk to your
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00162-00143493-00144171 friend - to play with your friend because they're more fun to have more
+O2ofXo4PUpE-00163-00144171-00144878 player to play with so see you in the next video goodbye
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00000-00000025-00000256 Many people know the benefits of drinking pigeon soup. As the
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00001-00000307-00000460 saying goes , there is a 39 episodes.
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00002-00000512-00000640 If the method is not done correctly, not
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00003-00000665-00000819 only will the stewed soup not be rich enough,
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00004-00000870-00001075 but it will also cause a large loss of nutrients
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00005-00001100-00001254 , which will not have a nourishing effect. It can
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00007-00001382-00001510 effectively lock the nutrition inside. A
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00008-00001561-00001638 proper amount
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00010-00001920-00002048 of high-grade white wine at home.
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00011-00002073-00002329 Don’t think that the smell of alcohol will be gone. The
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00012-00002355-00002534 fried pigeon meat will be more fragrant.
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00013-00002560-00002688 Remember to add boiling water .
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00014-00002739-00002867 Not only will the meat be tender and delicious
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00015-00002892-00003046 , but the soup will also be richer.
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00016-00003097-00003225 Call cover and stew for half
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00017-00003251-00003507 I like to use this matsutake mushroom soup bag for cooking
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00018-00003532-00003711 soup for an hour . It is a good mix of various fungi.
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00019-00003763-00003968 Stewed pork ribs and black-bone chicken are very suitable
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00020-00004019-00004096 . Clean it casually
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00021-00004121-00004249 and transfer it to a casserole.
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00022-00004275-00004480 Turn the back cover to a low heat and simmer for 10 minutes. Sprinkle
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00023-00004531-00004608 wolfberry and season with
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00024-00004633-00004761 salt. The pigeon soup stewed
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00025-00004787-00005043 in this way will be delicious and
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00026-00005068-00005145 nutritious
+O4qBoYDz8EI-00027-00005171-00005273 , so hurry up and make it
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00000-00000269-00000875 Interviewer: We'll begin this interview by asking you that what made you conceive this Adiyogi
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00001-00000875-00001600 and what made you come to this conclusion that this is necessary and important
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00002-00001600-00002039 in pursuit of your spirituality and for people?
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00003-00002039-00002812 Sadhguru: It’s not in pursuit of my spirituality- my spirituality doesn’t need any form.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00004-00002812-00004078 I don’t need a temple, nor a mountain, nor a statue, but to inculcate this in the world
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00005-00004078-00004680 to bring spiritual process as a day to day aspect of your life.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00006-00004680-00005408 My fundamental goal is to bring down spirituality from the mountain top to the street.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00007-00005408-00006002 I want to redefine the term street. Right now if you say street
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00008-00006002-00006814 people will think booze, drugs, prostitution, this is what street represents.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00009-00006814-00007580 It’s my vision that in the next 15 to 20 years, we need to transform this street.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00010-00007580-00008166 Street should mean wel-lbeing, street should mean love, street should mean meditativeness,
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00011-00008166-00008972 street should mean spiritual process. In this effort there’re many things being done,
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00012-00008972-00010346 one important thing is an iconic face. So Adiyogi predates all religion and
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00013-00010346-00011476 before the idea of religion came, he expounded the science of human well-being in a scientific way
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00014-00011476-00012128 not as a philosophy, not as a religion, not as a belief system, not as an ideology
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00015-00012128-00013078 but as a technology, as a science methods of transformation not philosophies of transformation.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00016-00013078-00013834 So he is relevant though he is 15000 years ago,  he belongs to the future
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00017-00013834-00014604 because only now  humanity is coming to this place where human intellect is firing like never before,
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00018-00014604-00015210 more people can think for themselves than ever before. People are looking at things logically.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00019-00015210-00015790 I think the appropriate time for Adiyogi to explode on the planet has come because
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00020-00015790-00016347 human intellect has come to that place where they can start looking at their well-being
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00021-00016347-00017180 with not fanciful belief systems or ideologies but as a science. As there is a science for external well-being,
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00022-00017180-00017653 there is an entire science for inner well-being,  that’s what he represents.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00023-00017653-00018264 Interviewer: In your discourse, you’ve been talking about form, structure, relevance of
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00024-00018264-00018862 creating scientific spaces for meditation. Can you please elaborate on the fact when you say that
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00025-00018862-00019630 the art and the science of temple making has been lost?  Why do you say that in your discourse?
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00026-00019630-00020149 Sadhguru: See all physical forms  whether it’s your own body, or the planet,
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00027-00020149-00020597 or the solar system, or the universe, or the atom 
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00028-00020597-00021198 from the smallest to the ultimate  physical manifestation-
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00029-00021198-00021810 physical manifestation is the way it is because of its geometric proportions.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00030-00021810-00022430 It is perfection of geometry which holds physical forms in space.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00031-00022430-00022980 This planet is not tied to sun with a cable, it’s the geometric perfection.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00032-00022980-00023270 If it goes off this orbit, it won’t come back again. 
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00033-00023270-00023624 It holds that because of the certain geometric perfection.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00034-00023624-00024245 So, entire science of yoga is just this- to get your system into such a geometric perfection
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00035-00024245-00024948 that you are aligned with the cosmic geometry.  In this effort, we also create physical forms.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00036-00024948-00025259 Ahh… Look at this form  (Referring to Adiyogi), this is not about...
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00037-00025259-00026025 Aesthetically, yes there is a certain beauty to it, but above all there is a geometric perfection to this
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00038-00026025-00026804 that if you view Adiyogi’s face for a minute, without taking off your attention, that’s it
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00039-00026804-00027422 for your life this image will be imprinted on your mind, you can never take it off.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00040-00027422-00028352 The idea is to put that imprint into people’s minds, so that their inspiration is towards their inner well-being.
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00041-00028352-00028924 Their inspiration and their natural longing will become for their ultimate well-being
+O4NZRYPeiJQ-00042-00028924-00029246 not squandering their lives doing petty things.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00000-00004348-00004752 Take me back.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00001-00004752-00005490 Take me back up the hill.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00002-00005534-00006264 Take me back to my grave.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00003-00006398-00006906 Wait! One more look.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00004-00007309-00008198 Goodbye, goodbye world.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00005-00008198-00008664 Goodbye Grover's Corners.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00006-00008664-00009318 Mama, Papa, goodbye.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00007-00009510-00009770 Goodbye to ticking clocks.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00008-00009900-00010180 To Mama's hollyhocks.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00009-00010258-00011440 To coffee and food, to gratitude.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00010-00011440-00012492 Goodbye, goodbye world.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00011-00012784-00013262 Goodbye to ironed dresses.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00012-00013262-00013712 To George’s sweet caresses.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00013-00013747-00014700 To my wedding ring, oh everything,
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00014-00014700-00016163 Goodbye! Ah, goodbye world.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00015-00017542-00018290 Does anybody ever realize life while we live it?
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00016-00018402-00018756 Every minute of it?
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00017-00018828-00019250 Every moment of it?
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00018-00019384-00019946 Oh, Earth, you are too magical
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00019-00019946-00020480 For anyone to know your miracle.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00020-00020722-00021640 Oh, take me back!
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00021-00021714-00022284 Take me back up the hill.
+O4Y9bq4p6AA-00022-00022300-00023352 Take me back up the hill.
+O8HgjlRxmjQ-00000-00000000-00000200 Did bro really turn on subtitles
+O8X_O75gzaQ-00000-00000003-00000495 we have 22 journal titles in our portfolio at the moment of active
+O8X_O75gzaQ-00001-00000495-00001148 journals and if they were considered just from a pure business point of view
+O8X_O75gzaQ-00002-00001148-00001641 they're independent cost centers only three of them consistently make a
+O8X_O75gzaQ-00003-00001641-00002369 surplus it but it's enough of a surplus to be able to support publication and
+O8X_O75gzaQ-00004-00002369-00002976 all these other journals and and many of them you know are really important in
+O8X_O75gzaQ-00005-00002976-00003671 their field because of the scholarship that they represent all of them take
+O8X_O75gzaQ-00006-00003671-00004559 developmental role in that they have relatively high acceptance rates but
+O8X_O75gzaQ-00007-00004559-00005466 editors work in super intensive wait with many authors to whip manuscripts
+O8X_O75gzaQ-00008-00005466-00006102 into shape to be able to then put them into circulation like that and so we
+O8X_O75gzaQ-00009-00006102-00006990 rely on those developmental efforts for inclusion and equity purposes within the
+O8X_O75gzaQ-00010-00006990-00007543 field and to put this material into circulation
+OsUsLgQ86CA-00000-00000000-00000200 Rasa Cinta Rindu Kasih Sayang - Miftachul Wachyudi (Yudee)   | indonesiabesardanmaju
+OvgRiE-wOyg-00000-00000076-00000176 Hi!
+OvgRiE-wOyg-00001-00000176-00001360 I want to talk to you about "to envy",thank you Adrian.To me "to envy" is an ugly and
+OvgRiE-wOyg-00002-00001360-00002938 useless weed that if u let it grow a lot it will multiply as a field, a lot of leaf a
+OvgRiE-wOyg-00003-00002938-00003815 lot of grass and then when actually it look like almost impossible to clean that field
+OvgRiE-wOyg-00004-00003815-00005019 you still need to start to uproot each thread and throw it to the trash.There is no other
+OvgRiE-wOyg-00005-00005019-00006051 solution in that moment if you realize it.I think that some people die with this field
+OvgRiE-wOyg-00006-00006051-00006944 of envy grass so that's what it means to me.What does it mean to you "to envy"?
+OvgRiE-wOyg-00007-00006944-00006995 Bye!
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00000-00000006-00000434 You are going to meet a man who has a devoted following around the world and
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00001-00000434-00000999 You'll find him astonishingly pragmatic on a range of very modern day problems.
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00002-00000999-00001118 Let's meet Sadhguru.
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00003-00001134-00001574 [Sadhguru] In your life, if you think the work that you are doing is important,
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00004-00001574-00001900 first thing is, you must work upon yourself.
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00005-00001900-00002070 [ Come and Experience]
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00006-00002070-00002512 This is a curious thing because What is the true definition of Yoga?
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00007-00002512-00002648 How to overcome this fear?
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00008-00002648-00002800 So what do we mothers do for our children?
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00009-00002800-00003018 Explore Life's Deepest Questions
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00010-00003018-00003560 This moment how joyful are you feeling within yourself determines the quality of your life, Isn't it so?
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00011-00003610-00003933 [Questioner] My grandfather gave me an article written by you..
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00012-00003934-00004218 [Sadhguru] Hey I am not that old as your grandfather.. (Laughter)
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00013-00004228-00004324 Yogi
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00014-00004324-00004462 Mystic
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00015-00004462-00004604 Visionary
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00016-00004604-00004840 In reality there is just you, me and someone else.
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00017-00004842-00005056 If all of us change, the world has changed.
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00018-00005056-00005468 If we refuse to change, we will be only talking about it.
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00019-00005468-00005814 Today modern science has recognized that water has memory.
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00020-00005814-00006260 Seventy percent of the ailments that human beings are suffering are self created.
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00021-00006260-00006552 The experience of life, whatever happens to us,
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00022-00006552-00006998 You can either become wise or you can become wounded, this is the choice we have.
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00023-00006998-00007595 If God doesn't necessarily exist, Why do we need gurus? Why do we need Sadhguru?
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00024-00007595-00008376 When you are in an unfamiliar terrain, it is sensible to take instructions (Laughter)
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00025-00008376-00008536 Arpit Sharma : Now, this is called logic, wow!
+OFS9EiZVfAQ-00026-00008536-00008636 Jacqueline Rotem: He changed my life!
+OHJg4g1wIuy-00000-00000031-00003012 Oval Xylophone sound
+OJ7PDAuyGmA-00000-00000000-00000200 Moving Backgound | Shadow of the Tomb Raider | 4K Desktop Live Wallpaper
+OK1_2GvNjbo-00000-00000680-00000880 Subscribe Please 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00000-00001000-00001050 (so obvious)
+OPVNL30TnyM-00001-00001050-00001400 (drunk on these feelings for you)
+OPVNL30TnyM-00002-00001431-00001662 Beneath the surface
+OPVNL30TnyM-00003-00001662-00001836 we both knew better
+OPVNL30TnyM-00004-00001843-00002019 stepping on the broken glasses
+OPVNL30TnyM-00005-00002019-00002130 and blood red roses
+OPVNL30TnyM-00006-00002130-00002240 so obvious 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00007-00002240-00002445 can we do it 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00008-00002453-00002546 over? 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00009-00002546-00002763 cause right now I'm not sober 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00010-00002771-00003040 drunk on these feelings for you...  
+OPVNL30TnyM-00011-00003040-00003259 we got this super 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00012-00003300-00003500 superficial love
+OPVNL30TnyM-00013-00003591-00003781 cause our minds and our hearts
+OPVNL30TnyM-00014-00003795-00003902 don't align 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00015-00003902-00004374 like a camera out of focus
+OPVNL30TnyM-00016-00004374-00004545 super
+OPVNL30TnyM-00017-00004545-00004761 superficial love
+OPVNL30TnyM-00018-00004793-00005008 call me up when you're bored 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00019-00005008-00005357 leave me hanging when you're not around
+OPVNL30TnyM-00020-00005555-00005777 super
+OPVNL30TnyM-00021-00005777-00005938 superficial love
+OPVNL30TnyM-00022-00006340-00006672 intoxicated, by the scent of you
+OPVNL30TnyM-00023-00006672-00007137 have me addicted, to someone else's perfume
+OPVNL30TnyM-00024-00007137-00007236 all over you
+OPVNL30TnyM-00025-00007296-00007468 say I'm over you 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00026-00007468-00007741 but I come crawling right back
+OPVNL30TnyM-00027-00007741-00008055 every single time I see you on my phone
+OPVNL30TnyM-00028-00008158-00008368 scared, of being alone
+OPVNL30TnyM-00029-00008787-00009295 we got this super, superficial love
+OPVNL30TnyM-00030-00009295-00009544 cause our minds and our hearts 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00031-00009544-00009622 don't align 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00032-00009622-00009800 like a camera out of... 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00033-00009800-00010000 focus
+OPVNL30TnyM-00034-00010081-00010400 super, superficial love
+OPVNL30TnyM-00035-00010531-00010735 call me up when you're bored 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00036-00010735-00011134 leave me hanging when you're not around
+OPVNL30TnyM-00037-00011237-00011794 super, superficial love
+OPVNL30TnyM-00038-00012186-00012471 I'm treading so lightly
+OPVNL30TnyM-00039-00012471-00012947 one wrong step could break the castle that we built
+OPVNL30TnyM-00040-00012971-00013340 I can see right through your facade
+OPVNL30TnyM-00041-00013355-00013761 you're not the person I used to know....
+OPVNL30TnyM-00042-00013853-00014053 I'm treading so lightly
+OPVNL30TnyM-00043-00014053-00014529 one wrong step could break the castle that we built 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00044-00014672-00014971 out of this
+OPVNL30TnyM-00045-00015111-00015287 out of this
+OPVNL30TnyM-00046-00015287-00015530 super, superficial love
+OPVNL30TnyM-00047-00015609-00015914 cause our minds and our hearts 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00048-00015914-00016004 don't align
+OPVNL30TnyM-00049-00016004-00016461 like a camera out of focus
+OPVNL30TnyM-00050-00016461-00016903 super, superficial love 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00051-00016903-00017086 call me up when you're bored 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00052-00017086-00017385 leave me hanging when you're not around 
+OPVNL30TnyM-00053-00017664-00018046 super, superficial love
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00000-00000523-00001125 Hello everyone! I‘m Sr. Vassa, and I'm glad you joined me for this short Coffee Break, where I talk
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00001-00001125-00001709 about something random, really, with you zillions. Today let‘s talk a little bit
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00002-00001709-00002409 about daily prayer, and the wonderful fact that it is a loving discipline. We need not
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00003-00002452-00002955 feel overwhelmed by the prospect of praying daily, if we haven‘t begun the practice
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00004-00002955-00003654 yet, as if it might be some kind of burden. Because prayer, zillions, is the very opposite of burden.
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00005-00003786-00004391 It is a stepping into the sunlight, and also an adventure that carries much promise. The
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00006-00004391-00004905 promise of the Lord, Who tells us “Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00007-00004905-00005605 will find; knock, and it will be opened to you.“ (Mt 7:7) Now, what exactly, will be opened?
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00008-00005646-00006346 For one thing, a sense of God‘s loving presence in our often chaotic lives; a sense of His
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00009-00006369-00007028 will, as He taught us to say: “Thy will be done.“ (Mt 6:10) As we grow in our connection
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00010-00007028-00007677 to God, through prayer, and an awareness that He lovingly watches over us, so also do we
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00011-00007677-00008377 grow in a healthy love for ourselves, letting go of our arrogant self-criticism that comes
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00012-00008514-00009214 from relying solely on ourselves. When we consistently open ourselves up to God‘s will,
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00013-00009293-00009993 and His power and His love, in prayer, we become increasingly aware of our own powerlessness.
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00014-00010139-00010839 And that it‘s OK. Because acceptance of God‘s will, you see, teaches us humble self-acceptance.
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00015-00011000-00011700 Thus humility and a healthy love for ourselves are compatible in the sunny land of daily
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00016-00011770-00012425 prayer. So let‘s find time today, zillions, for a quiet moment in the sunlight.. Perhaps
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00017-00012425-00012971 in your own words, perhaps on our knees in the morning, any way that we know how. 
+OQ5mFwAOySA-00018-00013031-00013555 But, I really should be getting back to work,  and I hope to see you next time!
+OS7MJSizod8-00006-00001200-00001400 TEST DRIVE TERRIBLE HYUNDAI KONA 1.6 TURBO
+OS7MJSizod8-00043-00008600-00008800 TEST DRIVE TERRIBLE HYUNDAI KONA 1.6 TURBO
+OWY0f85sjO4-00000-00000037-00000275 My playing style, I'm an animal out there  on the field.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00001-00000684-00000884 It's business out there  on that field, man.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00002-00000921-00001088 I feel like I'm a beast. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00003-00001088-00001434 I tell people like "don't  try to describe me as a running back or,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00004-00001484-00001772 you know, a receiver." No I'm a balller,  you know, when I get out there,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00005-00001772-00001993 you know, it's lights out.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00006-00002097-00002344 I like getting hit.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00007-00002344-00002952 Any chance I get the ball, you know, and  somebody there, imma try to run you over.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00008-00002952-00003353 I'm I'm trying to bring the hammer,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00009-00003524-00003616 you know?. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00010-00003924-00004049 Imma try to get to you. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00011-00004049-00004454 Imma talk my smack.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00012-00005434-00005847 I started playing football,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00013-00005847-00006110 you know,  I was younger, like five or six years old.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00014-00006168-00006360 You know, my mama actually got me into it. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00015-00006360-00006544 You know, she told me I was, 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00016-00006544-00006785 you know, getting on her nerves  all the time, just being around the house
+OWY0f85sjO4-00017-00006819-00007061 as a little kid  and she wanted me to do something.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00018-00007061-00007336 You know, she introduced me to football  and I haven't looked back.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00019-00007353-00007574 I took a different route  than a lot of guys,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00020-00007574-00007716 you know,  a lot of guys don't go to junior college. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00021-00007716-00008062 So I had to go to junior college for two  years, you know, get it out the mud.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00022-00008062-00008270 It really taught me how to be a man. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00023-00008270-00008683 You know, first time ever washing clothes,  I'm home when I was in junior college.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00024-00008683-00008871 Calling my mom like, "Hey,  what I do with this? 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00025-00008871-00009096 How I put this in there?" It's crazy, man.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00026-00009096-00009313 And seeing the things she did for me  and my brother,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00027-00009313-00009647 my sister, you know, she had to work three  jobs, you know, just to provide for us.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00028-00010910-00010969 But when I got 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00029-00010969-00011336 opportunity, you know,  to do what I do and play ball, I'm like,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00030-00011336-00011540 if my mom can go out there and work  three jobs,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00031-00011553-00011690 I can go out there  and play three positions. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00032-00011690-00011870 I don't care where they put me.  I'm going to make a play. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00033-00011870-00012095 They can put me at safety,  I'm getting an interception.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00034-00012157-00012316 You put me at d end imma get a sack. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00035-00012316-00012691 That's just the mindset I have and nobody  can take that confidence away from me.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00036-00012716-00012841 I'm not cocky, never been. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00037-00012841-00013108 But my confidence level,  it's above the roof.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00038-00013571-00013763 What motivates me is my family. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00039-00013763-00014093 You know, first it was my mom  and my sister, my brother, you know, just
+OWY0f85sjO4-00040-00014118-00014297 being the youngest,  you know, just looking up 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00041-00014297-00014647 to my siblings and you know, my mom,  she was she was a single mother.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00042-00014681-00015044 I talk to my mom and my sister probably  three or four times a day, you know,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00043-00015044-00015415 just calling each other, just checking,  just checking up on each other, you know?
+OWY0f85sjO4-00044-00015415-00015732 And you know, they they always say, "Well,  you should be playing more." You know
+OWY0f85sjO4-00045-00015732-00016024 how your family gets,  you know, as a little kid,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00046-00016078-00016408 they say "why can't she be out there  playing." And I have kids of my own,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00047-00016408-00016733 so it's just, you know,  it just makes me strive.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00048-00016733-00016845 Strive each and every day. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00049-00016845-00017062 Fatherhood changed my life,  you know, a lot.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00050-00017062-00017500 You know, just when a kid's,  first born, man, it's just a blessing,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00051-00017538-00017884 you know, just, those kids gonna,  look up me til,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00052-00017901-00018209 you know, the end of time, you know,  and I got to be there for those kids,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00053-00018209-00018334 you know, each and every day. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00054-00018334-00018560 I want them to know,  like my dad was funny.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00055-00018560-00018693 He was always playing with us. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00056-00018693-00018772 And, you know, he 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00057-00018772-00019014 he just did everything he could  to make sure he taking care of the house.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00058-00019019-00019244 And that's just something I try to do  each and every day.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00059-00019244-00019544 You know, I got it tatted on my leg:  faith, family, football, you know,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00060-00019598-00019723 my three Fs. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00061-00019723-00019957 I stick to it, you know? 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00062-00019957-00020307 I'm a big believer in it  and always got to put God first
+OWY0f85sjO4-00063-00020307-00020528 before my family and after my family,  you know, it's football.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00064-00021071-00021233 I really love Atlanta, man. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00065-00021233-00021525 It really do feel like home,  you know, a lot of places I've been to,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00066-00021525-00021967 I feel at home, but this really feel  like that X factor for me, you know?
+OWY0f85sjO4-00067-00022051-00022384 I'm only three hours  away from my main home, so it's just like,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00068-00022384-00022509 it really feels like home. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00069-00022509-00022743 And I really appreciate,  you know, all the fans and stuff.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00070-00022743-00022877 So I can't forget. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00071-00022877-00023064 You can't forget about those guys,  you know, everywhere 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00072-00023064-00023260 I go, you know, always try to make sure  I'm a fan favorite. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00073-00023260-00023402 That's just, that's what I do. 
+OWY0f85sjO4-00074-00023402-00023715 I'm going to win your fans over.
+OWY0f85sjO4-00075-00023715-00024169 Just the atmosphere,  being here in Atlanta, man, you know,
+OWY0f85sjO4-00076-00024169-00024553 I feel like they really are  embracing the guy I can really be.
+ObCoLvDTXEQ-00000-00008167-00008199 Hi
+OcCDrUG-SB8-00000-00000000-00000681 >> We manufacture specialty grades of paper we have -- a big part of our workforce is getting
+OcCDrUG-SB8-00001-00000681-00001308 ready to retire, and so we are replacing workers at a rate of about 25 people a year. The technical
+OcCDrUG-SB8-00002-00001308-00002121 colleges offer a very specific type of training for people to move into those positions which
+OcCDrUG-SB8-00003-00002121-00002838 have gotten very technical and advanced all of the area manufacturers get together and we work
+OcCDrUG-SB8-00004-00002838-00003294 on common issues together. Nicolet college is part of that group, so they participate
+OcCDrUG-SB8-00005-00003294-00003744 with us, and a lot of that has to do with just treating us as basically kind of like
+OcCDrUG-SB8-00006-00003744-00004257 customers, and saying well what is we could provide to you folks that would be beneficial,
+OcCDrUG-SB8-00007-00004257-00004728 and they kind of take that information and they say, well if we build a curriculum like
+OcCDrUG-SB8-00008-00004728-00005109 this, we will be able to provide you people who are currently doing these jobs for you today
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00000-00000000-00000570 Hi, I'm Beth Brooke-Marciniak, global vice
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00001-00000246-00000803 chair for public policy at EY and a very
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00002-00000570-00000963 proud graduate of Purdue University. Well,
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00003-00000803-00001388 I have to tell you my alma mater
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00004-00000963-00001832 is celebrating 150 years next year of
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00005-00001388-00002084 helping make Giant Leaps; helping people
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00006-00001832-00002411 across various sector make Giant Leaps.
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00007-00002084-00002715 Purdue asked me as a very proud graduate
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00008-00002411-00003009 of Purdue to share my own stories about
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00009-00002715-00003346 my own Giant Leaps. Well, I went to
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00010-00003009-00003585 Purdue as one of the first class of
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00011-00003346-00003815 female athletes, female basketball
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00012-00003585-00004004 players who were entitled under Title IX
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00013-00003815-00004307 to receive a basketball scholarship. I
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00014-00004004-00004464 was in that first class. Well, I went to
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00015-00004307-00004682 campus I really didn't know what I
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00016-00004464-00004995 wanted to major in. I went there to play
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00017-00004682-00005178 basketball and met with a guidance
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00018-00004995-00005357 counselor and he said looked at my high
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00019-00005178-00005630 school academic record and he said "Look
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00020-00005357-00005828 I want you to major in industrial
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00021-00005630-00006039 management in computer science and take
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00022-00005828-00006189 all your electives in accounting. Four
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00023-00006039-00006504 years from now you'll be able to do
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00024-00006189-00006915 anything you want to do."  Well, fast
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00025-00006504-00007290 forward he was right. I graduated from
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00026-00006915-00007479 Purdue and 38 years later I am the
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00027-00007290-00007758 global vice-chair of public policy, I
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00028-00007479-00007953 said as I said at EY, formerly Ernst and
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00029-00007758-00008265 Young. We are a $32 billion
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00030-00007953-00008589 organization,  265,000 employees
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00031-00008265-00008928 across more than 150 countries and I
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00032-00008589-00009122 have had seemingly 38 careers in 38
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00033-00008928-00009492 years. I've had at just a fabulous
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00034-00009122-00009768 experience at EY. I've also been a strong
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00035-00009492-00009921 advocate for diversity and inclusion. In
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00036-00009768-00010053 addition, I had the opportunity to be in
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00037-00009921-00010314 the government for a few years working
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00038-00010053-00010664 in the Clinton administration. I've been
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00039-00010314-00010977 blessed to been named ten times by
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00040-00010664-00011261 Forbes to its list of the world's 100
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00041-00010977-00011535 most powerful women and I've also been
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00042-00011261-00011850 honoured and humbled to be honored by
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00043-00011535-00012039 the NCAA as a former student athlete to
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00044-00011850-00012300 receive their Theodore Roosevelt award,
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00045-00012039-00012492 which is given to a former student-
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00046-00012300-00012665 athlete who went on to do things
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00047-00012492-00012969 throughout the course of their life of
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00048-00012665-00013155 national significance. Trust me I didn't
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00049-00012969-00013388 get the Theodore Roosevelt Award for my
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00050-00013155-00013788 basketball prowess. It was for what I
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00051-00013388-00014121 after in my career that Purdue equipped
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00052-00013788-00014361 me for. So as you can see I've had just
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00053-00014121-00014643 some phenomenal GiantLeaps.To have the
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00054-00014361-00014949 opportunity to create success in my
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00055-00014643-00015165 career but most importantly to use that
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00056-00014949-00015435 success to go on and do things with that
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00057-00015165-00015540 success to do things that are
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00058-00015435-00015771 significant, to make a positive
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00059-00015540-00016083 difference in the world. So thank you
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00060-00015771-00016458 Purdue for enabling my personal Giant
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00061-00016083-00016710 Leap. Now I want to hear about your Giant
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00062-00016458-00016944 Leap. So do what I'm doing. Head to
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00063-00016710-00017184 Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and share
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00064-00016944-00017337 your greatest accomplishment or the
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+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00066-00017337-00017961 right now. Make sure to use the hashtag
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00067-00017637-00018173 #takegiantleaps and tag it LifeAtPurdue.
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00068-00017961-00018512 We want to hear from you. Look
+OdjLy3lH8iQ-00069-00018173-00018512 forward to it. Thank you.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00000-00000069-00000517 NARRATOR: What is my role as a community partner or employer?
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00001-00000517-00000901 Experiential learning can take many forms and can generally be divided into two major
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00002-00000901-00001470 categories: field-based experiences and classroom-based learning.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00003-00001470-00001943 Field-based experiences include those opportunities we recognize as internships, co-operative
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00004-00001943-00002480 education, practicums, field experience and placements.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00005-00002480-00002882 Classroom-based experiential learning can take a multitude of forms including: case
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00006-00002882-00003311 studies, simulations, presentations and reflective journaling.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00007-00003311-00003740 While the first group of examples most clearly identifies the need for community and industry
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00008-00003740-00004256 partners to fulfill learning outcomes, classroom-based EL opportunities can also engage community
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00009-00004256-00004658 — both directly inside or outside the classroom.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00010-00004658-00005219 In all cases, the students, faculty, institution, and community partners assume distinct roles
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00011-00005219-00005623 and responsibilities to ensure a safe and meaningful learning experience.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00012-00005623-00006153 LEIGH HAROLD: I think sometimes people take it for granted in placements.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00013-00006153-00006887 In placements, the placement employer is responsible for those students, but as the university
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00014-00006887-00007408 we obviously have a duty of care for our students and want to ensure that it's the best placement
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00015-00007408-00008075 possible for them and that they get out of it what they need to and enjoy it and is a
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00016-00008075-00008212 healthy and safe environment for them.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00017-00008212-00008312 DR.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00018-00008312-00008703 HOLLY CATALFAMO: I think setting super clear expectations for not only the students but
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00019-00008703-00009314 for the industry partners and for me as the coach and the mentor along the way.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00020-00009314-00010315 What I've integrated into the process is a staged approach to the project, so a phase
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00021-00010315-00011045 one, phase two, phase three where I'm able to do milestone checks that are part of the
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00022-00011045-00012052 assessment mechanism so that I can see where they're at and give them direct concrete feedback.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00023-00012052-00012749 KATIE ALTOFT: We get to teach some of the hands on skills, the real finishing activities
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00024-00012749-00013085 that would make them very attractive to an employer.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00025-00013085-00013547 A good consultant, someone who would be effective in a policy position in the government, someone
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00026-00013547-00013919 who could walk into a PR position or someone who could be the environmental coordinator
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00027-00013919-00014055 for an organization.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00028-00014055-00014487 To do that, in the courses we always try to make them as practical as possible.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00029-00014487-00014922 Certainly from a students' perspective, I want them to graduate here with a much more
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00030-00014922-00015022 effective resume.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00031-00015022-00015507 They'll have a hands on work placement, but also a bunch of projects.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00032-00015507-00015963 Instead of, "I took this course, I completed this project for this client."
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00033-00015963-00016245 They have a portfolio that speaks to what they can do.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00034-00016245-00016391 They don't have to say, "I can do this."
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00035-00016391-00016491 They can say, "Here.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00036-00016491-00016591 I've done it."
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00037-00016591-00016905 TRACY MITCHELL-ASHLEY: Like even, we just recently ran an interprofessional education
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00038-00016905-00017110 event and students came together.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00039-00017110-00017834 Multidisciplinary teams, we formed them, we had 144 students participate, 20 per team,
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00040-00017834-00018194 representing seven different disciplines at this campus.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00041-00018194-00018462 And they solved a case, they worked on a case together.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00042-00018462-00018887 And then we had a panel, a group of panelists, external, debrief the case about how they
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00043-00018887-00018987 would handle it.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00044-00018987-00019448 And this is just to get students practicing and understanding that they have to be able
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00045-00019448-00019903 to communicate between professions to get work done, to help in society and whatever
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00046-00019903-00020041 profession they're working in.
+OdnpT1TSxGu-00047-00020041-00020375 And so that event was experiential by its very nature.
+OfiCnZI9_wY-00000-00000000-00000050 guna madhya pradesh
+OfiCnZI9_wY-00001-00000050-00000100 jyotiraditya scindia never defeat form guna
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00000-00000336-00001134 Interviewer: If you wouldn't mind quickly just introducing yourself with your name, pronouns--Any other information you'd like to share?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00001-00001134-00002349 Laura: OK, sure. So my name is Laura Tadena. I use she/her pronouns, and I am the Equity and Inclusion Consultant at the Texas State Library.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00002-00002349-00003347 And kind of something unique about me is that I have worked as a school librarian, an academic librarian, and now most recently at a special library.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00003-00003347-00004061 So I kind of have a unique viewpoint of librarianship and I've been able to kind
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00004-00004061-00004524 of bring all my experience to one place that that really builds on my strengths.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00005-00004524-00004815 So that's that's kind of the fun part about me.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00006-00004815-00005823 And I would consider myself also like a third career librarian, like a--When I started after graduating,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00007-00005823-00006543 I worked in architecture as an architecture consultant for a little bit, like in facility programing,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00008-00006543-00006951 and then I worked in education like when the recession hit.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00009-00006951-00008163 So I worked as a Texas public educator for about maybe six years before transitioning to become a school librarian.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00010-00008163-00009303 Yeah, so, and then I became a librarian. So I feel like this is my kind of third career in life. I don't know. Who who knows where the future holds?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00011-00009303-00009846 Interviewer: You talked a little bit about your career background. So what is sort of your educational background?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00012-00009846-00010839 Laura: Yeah, so my undergraduate degree is in architecture, which is pretty cool because it really provided me like a foundational design background.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00013-00010839-00011721 And so much of librarianship is soft skills that are transferred from lived experience and kind of just random work experience you pick up.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00014-00011721-00012033 It's like all of the information coming together.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00015-00012033-00013200 So my architecture background has really helped form how I move through space, like both the physical space as well as the digital space.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00016-00013200-00014190 And then also just kind of helps me in regards with like organization of information, and form versus function, things like that.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00017-00014190-00014913 So I then also switched and got alternatively certified so that I can teach.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00018-00014913-00015697 And so I do also have a certificate to be able to teach like K through 12, or something like that.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00019-00015697-00016002 I don't even remember what I have, like middle school up.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00020-00016002-00017015 But my education experience provided me the opportunity to learn different teaching skills that oftentimes librarianship
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00021-00017015-00017715 forgets that we do, like we teach people how to access information, how to find resources.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00022-00017715-00018488 In some ways, curriculum design and instructional design is really built off of my background in education
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00023-00018488-00019415 because I've been able to understand how people learn, and how people experience different educational settings,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00024-00019415-00020291 and and so that's another piece of my education that has been pretty formative to librarianship.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00025-00020291-00021218 What kind of got me where I am today was I was working as a math teacher and I had been teaching for, you know, maybe five years at the time.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00026-00021218-00021410 And I had been working as a department chair,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00027-00021410-00022097 and one of the biggest struggles of my math teachers were struggling with was our students weren't able to read.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00028-00022097-00022946 And so I started working with the school campus librarian at the time to help incorporate literacy strategies into our math curriculum.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00029-00022946-00023468 And then, like most librarians, she's like, "You know, have you thought about librarianship?"
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00030-00023468-00024149 So when I entered librarianship, I really entered it with the idea that I was going to be focused on school libraries.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00031-00024149-00025001 And at the time there was a shortage in Texas, so I was able to work as a school librarian while working on my Master's in Library Science.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00032-00025001-00025961 And I went through the University of North Texas program and I worked as a school librarian for a few years.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00033-00025961-00026873 It was a great opportunity. I probably would still be doing it today had I not decided to apply for different jobs.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00034-00026873-00027050 So I was in one district,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00035-00027050-00028073 I decided to apply to go to a different district, and I stumbled upon a diversity resident position at the University of Texas.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00036-00028073-00028763 And so I ended up getting both jobs, getting another school librarian job in the University of Texas job,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00037-00028763-00029207 and I went with the University of Texas job because of what it would expose me to.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00038-00029207-00030569 And it was in that position that I really, really was able to see the vast inequities in access, education, educational opportunities, resources.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00039-00030569-00031661 And so in my diversity resident position, that's where I really honed in on equity and inclusion, and diversity issues,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00040-00031661-00032192 which were already being talked about in K-12 for many years.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00041-00032192-00033392 And so figuring out, seeing how organizations work and seeing, you know, being in a primarily white institution, in a primarily white library,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00042-00033392-00034364 trying to serve a diverse population, was really where I switched gears and wanted to focus on more of the EDI work.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00043-00034364-00035330 And so that's where I am today at the Texas State Library, which is interesting because when I was initially asked to be part of this,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00044-00035330-00035714 I wouldn't have considered my work to be digital libraries
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00045-00035714-00036824 but we have been doing so much remote work, so much digital work that really, it is a mindset shift to begin to think,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00046-00036824-00037301 "Yes, even our our space, the work that we do is a digital library."
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00047-00037301-00037919 We have an archive of webinars and trainings,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00048-00037919-00038516 qe have web pages devoted to resource guides and informational guides,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00049-00038516-00038984 we create training videos, and so we have like a YouTube playlist.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00050-00038984-00039770 And so really what has gotten me here is really thinking about how to get the most information out
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00051-00039770-00040394 to the communities that we don't often reach and really trying to work to bridge some of the gaps.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00052-00040394-00040751 So that's kind of like a long wind of how I ended up where I am today.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00053-00040751-00041579 Oftentimes, we hear like--and that was a big intimidating factor--was that I didn't have a literature background,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00054-00041579-00042218 I don't own any cats, you know, so I don't necessarily fit into this idea of what a library is,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00055-00042218-00042620 and I think that's kind of something to think about when we do think about digital libraries.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00056-00042620-00042971 It's it's not just a library that's digital,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00057-00042971-00043619 like really begin to think about how we're changing our profession, and where our
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00058-00043619-00044300 audience is, and how this concept of digital libraries is bridging that gap
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00059-00044300-00044825 it is the pathways, the tool that we're using to to relay that information.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00060-00044825-00045686 Interviewer: What is your current job description, and what does the day to day job look like for you?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00061-00045686-00046178 And the second part of that is what kind of digital work are you doing?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00062-00046178-00047415 Laura: My job, I am situated within our continuing education division, so our division is, I'm sorry, library development and networking.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00063-00047415-00047624 And so there's kind of two big pieces to it.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00064-00047624-00048554 There's the continuing education side and then there's the development networking side where we have grants, our interlibrary loan program,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00065-00048554-00049562 And a lot of the whole function of it is to support Texas libraries with resources, and training material,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00066-00049562-00050306 kind of whatever they need to be set up for success. And so my role is the equity and inclusion consultant.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00067-00050306-00050888 I was initially hired as an inclusive services consultant, but the work has very much shifted,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00068-00050888-00051839 and so a good portion of my job includes providing the training, and the resources, and access to information around equity and inclusion,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00069-00051839-00052904 accessibility. And then another piece of it is working internally with our library to help kind of push some EDI initiatives.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00070-00052904-00053762 And that's kind of been something that has developed over the past year. So that's kind of the the big, kind of broad topics of what I do.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00071-00053762-00054923 And and within my work, I work both locally, so added within our state library, but also across Texas public libraries, and then also nationally.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00072-00054923-00055490 So I'm involved in kind of multiple EDI groups.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00073-00055490-00056066 And so a typical day for me would be something like this, where I'm meeting with somebody,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00074-00056066-00056992 kind of talking about my work, or talking about a project that I've been on, or in some type of work group where we're working towards something.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00075-00056992-00057497 And so it that's kind of the nice thing about my job is that no date really
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00076-00057497-00058013 looks the same unless I have strategically planned for it to look a certain way,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00077-00058013-00058942 right? Like I want a day where I'm only going to be working on my web page, or I want a day where I'm I'm just working on blogs, or whatever.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00078-00058942-00059819 But typically, it's random meetings with either people in Texas or kind of people across the nation.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00079-00059819-00060920 And some of the biggest goals in my current job are to push kind of EDI initiatives or EDIA, which is equity,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00080-00060920-00061291 diversity, inclusion, and accessibility initiatives.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00081-00061291-00062624 I'm on one work group where it is a cohort of other individuals in libraries who are tasked with doing EDIA work in their libraries.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00082-00062624-00063416 And so we as a group are working where we have a grant right now and we're trying to bring in more people who are doing this work.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00083-00063416-00063959 And we're trying to kind of consolidate a lot of the work that we're already doing very separately,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00084-00063959-00064673 and kind of create one big piece for public libraries, or for kind of generally any libraries.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00085-00064673-00065369 And then Texas, our goal is to to get some training out so that we could begin to kind of see more
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00086-00065369-00065870 inclusive libraries, or help libraries recognize that they're already doing inclusive work
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00087-00065870-00066770 and and maybe they just need additional support here and there to to kind of get to the next level would be the biggest, I would say, current goals.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00088-00066770-00067823 And like right now and I am really trying to get out a webpage for my work. We have kind of each have like specialty or expertize areas.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00089-00067823-00068252 And so I'm hoping, I've been trying to get this webpage out for a while.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00090-00068252-00068678 So that's been the biggest kind of digital that I have right now.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00091-00068678-00069413 I guess in the past we would have done a lot of training that would have just been in-person workshop-type setting.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00092-00069413-00069665 We would travel to the areas,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00093-00069665-00070452 different areas in Texas and provide whatever training that we're doing, and then come back, and and then continue to correspond via email or something.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00094-00070452-00070868 But what we're starting to do is we're still doing our webinars, we're still doing our trainings,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00095-00070868-00071336 but now we're doing kind of hybrid sessions where our staff are in person and we're
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00096-00071336-00071867 virtual, and we're trying to provide the training but also have an engaging session.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00097-00071867-00072659 So that's been really interesting because part of that, too, is the continued learning that happens after the training.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00098-00072659-00073865 And so it involves getting resources, getting collective or collaborative working notes, using tools that, you know,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00099-00073865-00074573 one thing we always try to be mindful of is when we're putting on these trainings, who is our audience?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00100-00074573-00075672 What does their broadband look like? Like will they even have the bandwidth to post Zoom and show cameras without
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00101-00075672-00076512 buffering? And so part of it, too, involves thinking critically about some of the digital divide that also happens within our
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00102-00076512-00077547 profession and recognizing ways to to begin to kind of resolve or support in those cases.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00103-00077547-00078156 The other kind of big thing that I would think is changing is that collection of of resources.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00104-00078156-00078855 And so we're really trying to to get the work that we're doing in one place.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00105-00078855-00079344 And part of Texas is that we are a public library, we are public record.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00106-00079344-00080235 And so this information also needs to be freely available without any barriers to access that information.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00107-00080235-00081306 And so right now, for example, I'm working with other state libraries who are also working on internal EDI committees,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00108-00081306-00082080 and and we're trying to get all those resources in one place so that as our state libraries or any library is deciding,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00109-00082080-00082491 you know what, "I'm going to start a committee." OK, let's go to the committee folder.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00110-00082491-00082911 What information do we have? What examples do we already have?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00111-00082911-00083586 Or, I'm going to write a survey. What example surveys have already been published that we can kind of pull from.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00112-00083586-00084519 So it's kind of, again, bringing in this collection of resources in one place that in the past would
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00113-00084519-00085035 have probably just been a webinar with the PowerPoint, and so now, or a webpage.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00114-00085035-00085818 And so now, it's really thinking about how do we have shared folders, how do we have collective notes,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00115-00085818-00086598 how can we compile all these different pieces from all these different agencies and organizations?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00116-00086598-00087156 Because every library is using something different. Not all libraries have a Google account.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00117-00087156-00087534 Not all libraries have SharePoint. Not all libraries have Microsoft Word.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00118-00087534-00087894 And so really thinking about the tools,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00119-00087894-00088941 the access behind the tools, and the barriers that may be present when we're developing and designing the resources that we're sharing.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00120-00088941-00089851 That's like always kind of on our forefront. And then on top of all that, making sure it's all accessible and meets accessibility standards.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00121-00089851-00090910 Interviewer: You sort of alluded or mentioned this a little bit earlier, but thinking about sort of all of this different digital work that you do,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00122-00090910-00091894 like if someone asked you how you defined what a digital librarian is, what would your response be?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00123-00091894-00092305 Laura: I think in the past, I probably would have been like, well, someone that works with a digital library.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00124-00092305-00092692 Like it would just would have been something kind of blanket like that.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00125-00092692-00092899 Like when I was at UT,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00126-00092899-00093988 I did some work with the LLILAS Benson Library to ingest like all the this digital collection of resources from Guatemala.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00127-00093988-00094906 And in that sense, I probably would have considered myself a digital librarian then because I was working with digital material, or once
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00128-00094906-00095197 you know, physical material, but now digitized.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00129-00095197-00096304 But now I think as we're changing and we're in this big information age, I think a digital librarian is anybody that's working with digital material,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00130-00096304-00097081 anyone that's putting, collecting, curating resources to be accessed, both physically and also digitally.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00131-00097081-00097882 But you are adding in that electronic resource sharing platform.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00132-00097882-00098773 So I do think that digital libraries and digital librarians are working electronically,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00133-00098773-00100480 providing information that's available online, and hopefully digital librarians are guided under like access for everybody, barrier free, open access.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00134-00100480-00101427 All those things hopefully are at that root so that we are providing information to everyone.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00135-00101427-00102334 Interviewer: Sort of in relation to that, how do you see digital librarianship continuing to change in the next five to 10 years?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00136-00102334-00103225 Laura: Well, I think because of the pandemic, one of the things that has happened from it is that there has been a recognition of,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00137-00103225-00103883 oh, yeah, not everyone has the same access. And so the Internet should be
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00138-00103883-00104523 like, it's not a utility like it is, everybody should have access to that,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00139-00104523-00105669 and I think how it's going to change is it's going to be a continued push for more open resources, less paywalls, less barriers.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00140-00105669-00106539 And I think there's going to be a lot of struggle with that because it is hard to capitalize when things are open and freely available.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00141-00106539-00107580 And so I also think a big shift is working within the current information structure we have.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00142-00107580-00108192 And we have misinformation, interpreted information, potentially factual information,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00143-00108192-00109215 and so really honing in on our ability to evaluate sources and also critically question who these sources are,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00144-00109215-00109929 who is publishing this information, what authority or power do they have, and what are they gaining from that information?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00145-00109929-00110832 Because I think a lot of what we share sometimes is potentially perpetuating a cycle of power.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00146-00110832-00112188 And so I hope that there is a shift on providing kind of open information that's unbiased and that we're able to evaluate these sources as well.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00147-00112188-00112842 I don't know if I answered your question, but that's kind of at least how I see a shift in in my work,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00148-00112842-00113577 kind of really investigating the infrastructure behind what allows us to have digital
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00149-00113577-00114621 libraries and really working against current systems that continue to perpetuate inaccess.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00150-00114621-00115696 Interviewer: What do you think? The LIS and MSIS programs should be teaching current students about digital libraries and what advice
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00151-00115696-00116385 would you have for students who are interested in pursuing this kind of nebulous digital library career?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00152-00116385-00117159 Laura: I would start kind of on the back end and say that you're really thinking about digital librarianship is in everybody's work.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00153-00117159-00117997 I don't think it's going to be siloed. I don't think you can be a youth services librarian without having some digital librarianship embedded
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00154-00117997-00118570 into your work, or I don't think you're going to be able to do outreach without digital librarianship.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00155-00118570-00119182 The same way if you're working in an academic library, you know, you have LibGuides,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00156-00119182-00119914 you have research consultations, or webpages, or programing, and all of that is digital librarianship.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00157-00119914-00121195 And so I would hope that our programs are helping students really think about digital librarianship in a more broader, transferable skills asset.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00158-00121195-00121761 Oftentimes, people kind of think of the digital component or computers, and it's scary,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00159-00121761-00122620 especially as more and more library programs shift towards becoming Information Science programs,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00160-00122620-00123481 and really encouraging students to think how they are already currently using digital skills.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00161-00123481-00123936 They're on their phones, they're on social media, they're going to certain websites,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00162-00123936-00124306 and so how might they continue to do that?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00163-00124306-00124480 And the other piece of it, too,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00164-00124480-00125500 is to begin to to teach digital librarianship with a critical lens and going back to teaching about the history of redlining,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00165-00125500-00126210 because there is a connection between redlining and also infrastructure.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00166-00126210-00127008 And so there's something called, I think it's called like "web redlining" or "Internet redlining",
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00167-00127008-00127458 which basically is where different communities have access,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00168-00127458-00128179 have multiple avenues, like different Internet providers that they can choose from that have competitive
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00169-00128179-00129253 rates where other communities maybe that are lower income or less affluent may not have that competition.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00170-00129253-00129769 And so their rate be incredibly high, and so they may not have access.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00171-00129769-00130258 And so teaching the digital skills, how to be a digital librarian,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00172-00130258-00130908 but also really thinking about how there is also this long history where there are people that don't have access.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00173-00130908-00131716 And so how do we begin to carve the path and transform our work so that it's no longer "It's here,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00174-00131716-00132076 come to me," but "I'm creating it and I'm taking it to you."
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00175-00132076-00132649 And so how do we get our libraries, whether it's physical or digital,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00176-00132649-00133708 out of this area that we've only really encompassed and moving it forward and working towards bridging that gap, is my soapbox speech.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00177-00133708-00134226 I mean, that's that's what I would hope.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00178-00134226-00134797 And part of it, too, like within that context, like things that I wish I would have learned,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00179-00134797-00135550 like I learned about kind of the user experience and like the
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00180-00135550-00136063 collection piece of that, like the retrieval piece, the information retrieval piece,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00181-00136063-00136738 but part of it also I hope that when there are those heavily focused technical classes,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00182-00136738-00137140 we're also teaching about how within the user experience,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00183-00137140-00137860 there are like algorithms that we could be using or that we are implementing that could be creating barriers.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00184-00137860-00138553 Or I think there's like a book called like Algorithms of Opression, which is really good.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00185-00138553-00139507 But just recognizing that, you know, and teaching students to really begin to think about how not every user is experiencing the
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00186-00139507-00140245 same experience and that how it can vary and how those variations can create barriers.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00187-00140245-00141055 Interviewer: What do you love about your job, about digital libraries, and what keeps you motivated to keep going in this field?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00188-00141055-00141877 Laura: What keeps me motivated is that there are a core amount of people, like I have
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00189-00141877-00142567 some people that I work closely with and then also aspirational friends outside of library land,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00190-00142567-00143517 like in the nation that I just am in awe of because they're doing such great work and really changing the profession.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00191-00143517-00143944 And so I think that's kind of what keeps me going,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00192-00143944-00144907 is knowing that I am in some ways making a change and am providing information in a way that people have access to it,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00193-00144907-00145417 they get to see it. Otherwise, you know, maybe it wouldn't be there.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00194-00145417-00145819 And the thing that I like about my work is that I get to do a lot of outreach,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00195-00145819-00146377 and I get to engage with communities in ways that maybe,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00196-00146377-00147376 we wouldn't have traditionally been doing. And so I'm going to continue to kind of keep pushing my barriers, and keep trying to
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00197-00147376-00148003 get out there, and continue to provide the resources and information that people need.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00198-00148003-00148759 I like that I can find anything. Right? Like what I don't like is that I can't find everything.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00199-00148759-00149491 Like I when I worked at UT, oh my gosh, the access to the library is amazing.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00200-00149491-00149932 I don't know who is watching this, I don't know how this is going to get transcribed.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00201-00149932-00150649 Take advantage of your library right now, because when you graduate, that library does not exist.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00202-00150649-00151168 Your library from there is your public library. Or if you decide to go back to get a PhD,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00203-00151168-00151978 like the main motivator for me to go back to school to get a PhD is so that I could get access to a university library right now.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00204-00151978-00153043 I love my public library. I also I also have access to databases at TSLAC, but in no way does it compare to university access.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00205-00153043-00154081 And so the fact that the average person doesn't have access to those types of resources speaks to the world that we are currently living in.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00206-00154081-00155174 And what motivates me, or what I love about libraries is the potential to have that for everyone.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00207-00155174-00155590 And so that's what's keeping me motivated, is getting, in a sense,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00208-00155590-00156187 not just like digital libraries, but all the resources that libraries provide for everybody.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00209-00156187-00156680 Interviewer: Is there anything else that we didn't cover that
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00210-00156680-00157463 you'd like to talk about in regards to digital libraries? Anything you really want people watching this video to know?
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00211-00157463-00157859 Laura: You know, whoever's watching, you're going to be graduating soon, and you're going to be going out in the profession.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00212-00157859-00158759 Continue to learn, like you're what you're being taught right now is a subset of what other individuals are finding important for you to know.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00213-00158759-00159251 And so if there's something that you want to know more about that you are interested in,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00214-00159251-00159599 there is probably a librarian already that is focused on that.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00215-00159599-00160343 And so find those networks, find those communities of people that are doing the type of work that you want to do,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00216-00160343-00161279 because that's what's going to help push you forward and continue to stay kind of in trend of what's happening and so that you're able to,
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00217-00161279-00162188 you know, begin to design digital libraries and spaces proactively instead of reactively, and really understand the communities
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00218-00162188-00162794 that you're serving. And also, take advantage of your library right now because that's going to go away eventually.
+OfrXhrpJJjc-00219-00162794-00164320 So use it, appreciate it, and hopefully design so that people can also have access to that.
+OhVxzge60p4-00000-00000224-00000648 You can prepare a child to learn how to write by tracing letters and numbers.
+OhVxzge60p4-00001-00000848-00001232 You can write down a number or letter and tell the child what it is.
+OhVxzge60p4-00002-00001296-00001592 For example, this is the number three.
+OhVxzge60p4-00003-00001768-00001960 And then you can show them how to trace it.
+OhVxzge60p4-00004-00002248-00002344 And ask them to try.
+OhVxzge60p4-00005-00002528-00002720 You can ask them "what number is this?"
+OhVxzge60p4-00006-00002776-00002984 And they can say "three".
+OhVxzge60p4-00007-00003224-00003584 And you can ask them to trace the number a few times.
+OhVxzge60p4-00008-00003584-00003847 Making sure to say the name of the number as they do it.
+OhVxzge60p4-00009-00003976-00004384 So, they can go in and say "three"...
+OhVxzge60p4-00010-00004592-00004624 "three"...
+OhVxzge60p4-00011-00004968-00004992 "three"...
+OhVxzge60p4-00012-00005192-00005408 And you can do this with any letter or number.
+OhVxzge60p4-00013-00005592-00007184 Tracing is the first step to learn to write letters and numbers.
+OjTqA8sytmA-00000-00001770-00001985 Hello Viewers.
+P2x89Re1QU0-00000-00000112-00000336 What is going on everybody! My name is
+P2x89Re1QU0-00001-00000287-00000504 Raddy
+P2x89Re1QU0-00002-00000336-00000656 and you're watching my channel Raddy The
+P2x89Re1QU0-00003-00000504-00000896 Brand! Today
+P2x89Re1QU0-00004-00000656-00001063 I want to show you how we can deploy a
+P2x89Re1QU0-00005-00000896-00001463 Node.js Application
+P2x89Re1QU0-00006-00001063-00001623 for free on Heroku! Now before we begin
+P2x89Re1QU0-00007-00001463-00001823 make sure you SMASH the like button,
+P2x89Re1QU0-00008-00001623-00002056 subscribe to my channel and comment
+P2x89Re1QU0-00009-00001823-00002256 below if you have any questions.
+P2x89Re1QU0-00010-00002056-00002416 It's gonna be a quick one so let's jump
+P2x89Re1QU0-00011-00002256-00002800 right on and
+P2x89Re1QU0-00012-00002944-00003264 Before we begin make sure that you go to
+P2x89Re1QU0-00013-00003168-00003576 heroku.com
+P2x89Re1QU0-00014-00003264-00003744 and sign up for free and also obviously
+P2x89Re1QU0-00015-00003576-00003840 make sure that you have a working
+P2x89Re1QU0-00016-00003744-00004016 project.
+P2x89Re1QU0-00017-00003840-00004192 If you don't have a working project
+P2x89Re1QU0-00018-00004016-00004320 I'm going to be using a project
+P2x89Re1QU0-00019-00004192-00004600 that we created
+P2x89Re1QU0-00020-00004320-00004648 a few weeks ago this is the news website
+P2x89Re1QU0-00021-00004600-00005064 that
+P2x89Re1QU0-00022-00004648-00005456 i use Node.js Express and EJS
+P2x89Re1QU0-00023-00005064-00005520 with the WordPress Rest API to pull some
+P2x89Re1QU0-00024-00005456-00005728 data
+P2x89Re1QU0-00025-00005520-00005840 so i'm going to be using this project
+P2x89Re1QU0-00026-00005728-00006096 today
+P2x89Re1QU0-00027-00005840-00006280 feel free to follow along you can go in
+P2x89Re1QU0-00028-00006096-00006584 the description below find the link
+P2x89Re1QU0-00029-00006280-00006752 and just download it
+P2x89Re1QU0-00030-00006584-00006920 once you do that i've already done that
+P2x89Re1QU0-00031-00006752-00007144 obviously but once you do that
+P2x89Re1QU0-00032-00006920-00007224 make sure that you log into your hiraku
+P2x89Re1QU0-00033-00007144-00007552 account
+P2x89Re1QU0-00034-00007224-00007704 and go to the dashboard before we begin
+P2x89Re1QU0-00035-00007552-00008000 creating our project
+P2x89Re1QU0-00036-00007704-00008048 it's probably worth testing our project
+P2x89Re1QU0-00037-00008000-00008336 and
+P2x89Re1QU0-00038-00008048-00008416 adding all the files that we need so
+P2x89Re1QU0-00039-00008336-00008648 let's do that
+P2x89Re1QU0-00040-00008416-00008848 first of all i'm going to open this in
+P2x89Re1QU0-00041-00008648-00009216 visual studio code
+P2x89Re1QU0-00042-00008848-00009456 and as you can see in package.json
+P2x89Re1QU0-00043-00009216-00009528 we have a few dependencies that we need
+P2x89Re1QU0-00044-00009456-00009872 to install
+P2x89Re1QU0-00045-00009528-00010064 if you want to test it locally but
+P2x89Re1QU0-00046-00009872-00010192 if you already know that your project is
+P2x89Re1QU0-00047-00010064-00010440 working you don't have to do
+P2x89Re1QU0-00048-00010192-00010656 this step so what i'm gonna do is
+P2x89Re1QU0-00049-00010440-00010896 install the dependencies super quickly
+P2x89Re1QU0-00050-00010656-00011032 just to test the project so npm
+P2x89Re1QU0-00051-00010896-00011288 installed
+P2x89Re1QU0-00052-00011032-00011352 and i've also noticed that i have node
+P2x89Re1QU0-00053-00011288-00011656 one is
+P2x89Re1QU0-00054-00011352-00011840 uh installed here so i'm going to and
+P2x89Re1QU0-00055-00011656-00012272 this is a development dependency
+P2x89Re1QU0-00056-00011840-00012768 so i'm going to have to do mpm install
+P2x89Re1QU0-00057-00012272-00013088 nodemon dash dash save dev
+P2x89Re1QU0-00058-00012768-00013344 and once we're done with this hopefully
+P2x89Re1QU0-00059-00013088-00013488 if we go to app.js hopefully we should
+P2x89Re1QU0-00060-00013344-00013816 be able to run the
+P2x89Re1QU0-00061-00013488-00014152 app on port 5000 so let's do
+P2x89Re1QU0-00062-00013816-00014368 npm start and
+P2x89Re1QU0-00063-00014152-00014632 all up should be reading on port 5000
+P2x89Re1QU0-00064-00014368-00014936 now so if we go to the browser
+P2x89Re1QU0-00065-00014632-00015248 5000 you should be able to see that
+P2x89Re1QU0-00066-00014936-00015456 our website is working well
+P2x89Re1QU0-00067-00015248-00015552 if you go to a page everything is coming
+P2x89Re1QU0-00068-00015456-00015744 from the
+P2x89Re1QU0-00069-00015552-00015944 yeah everything seems to be working well
+P2x89Re1QU0-00070-00015744-00016192 and we can actually continue
+P2x89Re1QU0-00071-00015944-00016248 so let's close this and the first thing
+P2x89Re1QU0-00072-00016192-00016496 that
+P2x89Re1QU0-00073-00016248-00016560 we need to make sure that we do when we
+P2x89Re1QU0-00074-00016496-00016928 upload
+P2x89Re1QU0-00075-00016560-00017232 to heroku is to actually
+P2x89Re1QU0-00076-00016928-00017520 change the port so what we want to do
+P2x89Re1QU0-00077-00017232-00017616 is actually use the environment port of
+P2x89Re1QU0-00078-00017520-00018000 heroku
+P2x89Re1QU0-00079-00017616-00018336 and not set default one like i have
+P2x89Re1QU0-00080-00018000-00018736 in here so to do this we can do
+P2x89Re1QU0-00081-00018336-00019072 dot environment dot
+P2x89Re1QU0-00082-00018736-00019400 port or 5000
+P2x89Re1QU0-00083-00019072-00019728 so hopefully the heraku will be
+P2x89Re1QU0-00084-00019400-00019920 running on the environment port now
+P2x89Re1QU0-00085-00019728-00020136 which is good and the next thing that we
+P2x89Re1QU0-00086-00019920-00020256 need to do is create a new file which
+P2x89Re1QU0-00087-00020136-00020680 will be called
+P2x89Re1QU0-00088-00020256-00020744 proc file and this file will basically
+P2x89Re1QU0-00089-00020680-00021064 tell
+P2x89Re1QU0-00090-00020744-00021480 raku which file to run just
+P2x89Re1QU0-00091-00021064-00021840 like we have in package dot json we have
+P2x89Re1QU0-00092-00021480-00022048 start app.js file which is running
+P2x89Re1QU0-00093-00021840-00022176 when we start our server so we want to
+P2x89Re1QU0-00094-00022048-00022456 tell heraku which
+P2x89Re1QU0-00095-00022176-00022576 file to run exactly the same way and to
+P2x89Re1QU0-00096-00022456-00022880 do this we can do
+P2x89Re1QU0-00097-00022576-00023280 web column node and then
+P2x89Re1QU0-00098-00022880-00023348 the file of a file which is app.js in my
+P2x89Re1QU0-00099-00023280-00023656 case
+P2x89Re1QU0-00100-00023348-00023960 app.js and save okay
+P2x89Re1QU0-00101-00023656-00024144 our project should be good to go and we
+P2x89Re1QU0-00102-00023960-00024472 can actually
+P2x89Re1QU0-00103-00024144-00024728 terminate this job and do yes
+P2x89Re1QU0-00104-00024472-00024832 all right okay we should be good to go
+P2x89Re1QU0-00105-00024728-00025088 with this project
+P2x89Re1QU0-00106-00024832-00025208 it's working and we can push it to
+P2x89Re1QU0-00107-00025088-00025448 hiraku
+P2x89Re1QU0-00108-00025208-00025648 but before we do this we need to create
+P2x89Re1QU0-00109-00025448-00025832 a new application obviously so let's do
+P2x89Re1QU0-00110-00025648-00026104 that on the dashboard
+P2x89Re1QU0-00111-00025832-00026272 and let's give the application a name
+P2x89Re1QU0-00112-00026104-00026312 and i'm just going to call my something
+P2x89Re1QU0-00113-00026272-00026688 like
+P2x89Re1QU0-00114-00026312-00027032 node.js news dash
+P2x89Re1QU0-00115-00026688-00027168 site okay this is perfect this is
+P2x89Re1QU0-00116-00027032-00027592 available and i'm going to
+P2x89Re1QU0-00117-00027168-00027864 choose region of europe and create app
+P2x89Re1QU0-00118-00027592-00027976 all right or application is now created
+P2x89Re1QU0-00119-00027864-00028328 but we need to follow
+P2x89Re1QU0-00120-00027976-00028608 a few simple steps before we
+P2x89Re1QU0-00121-00028328-00028704 uh push this before we push the files to
+P2x89Re1QU0-00122-00028608-00028960 haraku
+P2x89Re1QU0-00123-00028704-00029192 and first of all make sure that you have
+P2x89Re1QU0-00124-00028960-00029536 the heroku cli installed
+P2x89Re1QU0-00125-00029192-00029608 and if you go to this link here you will
+P2x89Re1QU0-00126-00029536-00029936 see that
+P2x89Re1QU0-00127-00029608-00030232 they have a simple installation guide
+P2x89Re1QU0-00128-00029936-00030312 so if your mac os just follow this if
+P2x89Re1QU0-00129-00030232-00030664 you're windows
+P2x89Re1QU0-00130-00030312-00030960 you can install the install download the
+P2x89Re1QU0-00131-00030664-00031160 exe file and it's still there and
+P2x89Re1QU0-00132-00030960-00031280 for ubuntu you can just follow the
+P2x89Re1QU0-00133-00031160-00031544 command in here
+P2x89Re1QU0-00134-00031280-00031624 to install it and so on so make sure you
+P2x89Re1QU0-00135-00031544-00031936 install this
+P2x89Re1QU0-00136-00031624-00032296 and then once you're done go back
+P2x89Re1QU0-00137-00031936-00032536 and we should be ready to
+P2x89Re1QU0-00138-00032296-00032688 follow the next step and the next step
+P2x89Re1QU0-00139-00032536-00033024 is actually to create
+P2x89Re1QU0-00140-00032688-00033488 a new git repository so to do this
+P2x89Re1QU0-00141-00033024-00033488 it's very important that you cd to your
+P2x89Re1QU0-00142-00033548-00033888 project
+P2x89Re1QU0-00143-00033664-00034144 i'm actually already cd to my project
+P2x89Re1QU0-00144-00033888-00034360 because i've opened the terminal
+P2x89Re1QU0-00145-00034144-00034512 uh the inside terminal in visual studio
+P2x89Re1QU0-00146-00034360-00034832 code as you can see
+P2x89Re1QU0-00147-00034512-00035072 so i'm already in my project folder
+P2x89Re1QU0-00148-00034832-00035184 but yeah but just make sure that you do
+P2x89Re1QU0-00149-00035072-00035432 that because
+P2x89Re1QU0-00150-00035184-00035528 it's important let's move visual studio
+P2x89Re1QU0-00151-00035432-00035776 to the right
+P2x89Re1QU0-00152-00035528-00035912 and the instructions to the left so we
+P2x89Re1QU0-00153-00035776-00036192 can follow them
+P2x89Re1QU0-00154-00035912-00036248 and okay so the first thing that we need
+P2x89Re1QU0-00155-00036192-00036488 to do
+P2x89Re1QU0-00156-00036248-00036488 is
+P2x89Re1QU0-00157-00036616-00036968 initialize git repository to do this we
+P2x89Re1QU0-00158-00036864-00037336 can do
+P2x89Re1QU0-00159-00036968-00037432 git init press enter and this has
+P2x89Re1QU0-00160-00037336-00037664 initialized
+P2x89Re1QU0-00161-00037432-00037888 empty git repository in our project now
+P2x89Re1QU0-00162-00037664-00037984 that we've initialized our project we
+P2x89Re1QU0-00163-00037888-00038304 actually need to
+P2x89Re1QU0-00164-00037984-00038640 follow the second command here which is
+P2x89Re1QU0-00165-00038304-00038808 raku git columns remote dash a
+P2x89Re1QU0-00166-00038640-00039032 and then the name of the website so i'm
+P2x89Re1QU0-00167-00038808-00039304 going to copy this and paste to save us
+P2x89Re1QU0-00168-00039032-00039552 some time
+P2x89Re1QU0-00169-00039304-00039664 now that we have this setup we can
+P2x89Re1QU0-00170-00039552-00039992 actually
+P2x89Re1QU0-00171-00039664-00040368 uh commit any changes that we have
+P2x89Re1QU0-00172-00039992-00040448 and push or files to hire to do this we
+P2x89Re1QU0-00173-00040368-00040824 can do
+P2x89Re1QU0-00174-00040448-00040904 git add dot and this will add all the
+P2x89Re1QU0-00175-00040824-00041128 files
+P2x89Re1QU0-00176-00040904-00041256 and if you want to commit files we have
+P2x89Re1QU0-00177-00041128-00041568 to do git
+P2x89Re1QU0-00178-00041256-00041880 commit dash im
+P2x89Re1QU0-00179-00041568-00041944 and then we usually need to when we
+P2x89Re1QU0-00180-00041880-00042280 commit
+P2x89Re1QU0-00181-00041944-00042448 changes to a project we need to usually
+P2x89Re1QU0-00182-00042280-00042616 give it a description but i'm just going
+P2x89Re1QU0-00183-00042448-00043024 to copy the one
+P2x89Re1QU0-00184-00042616-00043256 that they have in the example so make it
+P2x89Re1QU0-00185-00043024-00043352 better and then we close the quote and
+P2x89Re1QU0-00186-00043256-00043656 then we press
+P2x89Re1QU0-00187-00043352-00044000 enter so all the changes are now
+P2x89Re1QU0-00188-00043656-00044304 added committed and now we can push
+P2x89Re1QU0-00189-00044000-00044648 our project to heroku by doing git
+P2x89Re1QU0-00190-00044304-00044856 push heroku master
+P2x89Re1QU0-00191-00044648-00044976 press enter and this should take a
+P2x89Re1QU0-00192-00044856-00045296 couple of seconds to
+P2x89Re1QU0-00193-00044976-00045424 upload depending obviously on the size
+P2x89Re1QU0-00194-00045296-00045736 of your project
+P2x89Re1QU0-00195-00045424-00046328 i do have quite a few files so let's see
+P2x89Re1QU0-00196-00045736-00046568 what happens
+P2x89Re1QU0-00197-00046328-00046792 once we're done we should be able to see
+P2x89Re1QU0-00198-00046568-00047080 the build succeeded which is good
+P2x89Re1QU0-00199-00046792-00047240 uh this should actually give us the url
+P2x89Re1QU0-00200-00047080-00047640 which you can copy and paste
+P2x89Re1QU0-00201-00047240-00048040 in the browser or you can simply go to
+P2x89Re1QU0-00202-00047640-00048120 the heraku website go at the top here
+P2x89Re1QU0-00203-00048040-00048464 and just
+P2x89Re1QU0-00204-00048120-00048664 press open up and hopefully
+P2x89Re1QU0-00205-00048464-00048944 you should be able to see that your
+P2x89Re1QU0-00206-00048664-00049240 project is now working perfectly fine
+P2x89Re1QU0-00207-00048944-00049296 as you can see we are now on the note js
+P2x89Re1QU0-00208-00049240-00049608 nice
+P2x89Re1QU0-00209-00049296-00049880 dash website dot heroku app.com
+P2x89Re1QU0-00210-00049608-00049920 which is publicly available domain name
+P2x89Re1QU0-00211-00049880-00050144 so
+P2x89Re1QU0-00212-00049920-00050296 you should be able to access this now
+P2x89Re1QU0-00213-00050144-00050496 and check it out
+P2x89Re1QU0-00214-00050296-00050672 that's pretty much uh everything from
+P2x89Re1QU0-00215-00050496-00050904 this tutorial i hope
+P2x89Re1QU0-00216-00050672-00051160 that you found it useful and if you did
+P2x89Re1QU0-00217-00050904-00051360 make sure that you smash the like button
+P2x89Re1QU0-00218-00051160-00051560 comment below if you have any questions
+P2x89Re1QU0-00219-00051360-00051616 and don't forget to subscribe to my
+P2x89Re1QU0-00220-00051560-00051840 channel
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00000-00000390-00000735 Congratulations on passing financial accounting.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00001-00000735-00001107 Did you know that, statistically speaking, only about half
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00002-00001107-00001449 of students who start out in a financial accounting course
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00003-00001449-00001743 make it to managerial accounting?
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00004-00001743-00002139 Yay to you, and welcome to managerial accounting.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00005-00002139-00002511 Before we dive into what managerial accounting is
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00006-00002511-00002889 and how it is used, let's take a step back and recap
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00007-00002889-00003150 financial accounting and how we'll
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00008-00003150-00003709 use that data to transition into managerial accounting.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00009-00003709-00004008 In its most basic form, financial accounting
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00010-00004008-00004494 measures transactions and communicates that information
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00011-00004494-00004812 to external decision makers.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00012-00004812-00005127 You've done a lot of measuring thus far.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00013-00005127-00005389 You learned how to analyze transactions,
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00014-00005389-00005616 how to journalize transactions, how
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00015-00005616-00005922 to analyze accounts and make adjustments,
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00016-00005922-00006294 and specifically how to measure and report
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00017-00006294-00006615 specificities about assets, liabilities, and stockholders'
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00018-00006615-00006818 equity.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00019-00006818-00007169 Of course, the way financial accountants communicate
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00020-00007169-00007484 about a company is through the standardized financial
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00021-00007484-00007772 statements, including the income statement and the balance
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00022-00007772-00007951 sheet.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00023-00007951-00008344 Because financial data is communicated externally
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00024-00008344-00008548 and used by investors and creditors
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00025-00008548-00008962 to make decisions and comparisons about companies,
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00026-00008962-00009202 the data must be standardized.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00027-00009202-00009638 Thus, financial accounting must follow GAAP.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00028-00009638-00010022 Financial accounting also has a secondary purpose, and that
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00029-00010022-00010346 is internal decision makers, like managers,
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00030-00010346-00010664 and owners use it to make internal decisions
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00031-00010664-00010863 about their companies.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00032-00010863-00011117 So I have modified the image to show
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00033-00011117-00011427 what managerial accountants do.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00034-00011427-00011814 They use financial statements, other financial data,
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00035-00011814-00012198 and non-financial data to perform analysis and then
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00036-00012198-00012543 communicate the results to internal decision makers,
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00037-00012543-00012878 like managers, who use the results to make decisions
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00038-00012878-00013185 about the company's strategy, plans, directions,
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00039-00013185-00013419 and processes.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00040-00013419-00013711 Managerial accounting analysis doesn't
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00041-00013711-00014077 follow a standardized set of guidelines like GAAP
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00042-00014077-00014329 because the information isn't communicated
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00043-00014329-00014572 outside the organization.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00044-00014572-00014881 The only real guideline is that the analysis
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00045-00014881-00015238 meets the needs of the internal decision makers.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00046-00015238-00015574 Because of this, both financial and non-financial data
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00047-00015574-00016034 might be used to inform and guide decision making.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00048-00016034-00016352 Managerial accountants communicate the analysis
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00049-00016352-00016613 to internal decision makers.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00050-00016613-00017072 Although there are no set of standard reports,
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00051-00017072-00017444 there are some common managerial accounting reports,
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00052-00017444-00017903 like job cost records, bill of materials, budgets,
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00053-00017903-00018330 variance analysis, and capital budgeting analysis,
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00054-00018330-00018539 to name a few.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00055-00018539-00018749 Again, the purpose of managerial accounting
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00056-00018749-00019079 is to support internal decision making.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00057-00019079-00019264 Some of the common decisions addressed
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00058-00019264-00019601 in managerial accounting are determined product cost,
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00059-00019601-00020111 forecast costs, various short term decisions, to name a few.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00060-00020111-00020174 Good luck.
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00061-00020174-00020429 And I hope you have a fantastic experience learning
+P2F3DmTLvsA-00062-00020429-00020721 about managerial accounting.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00000-00000025-00000631 Noah asks, "Debunking the 'blockchain not Bitcoin' point of view.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00001-00000631-00001345 How do we persuade average Joes that the 'blockchain not Bitcoin' line of thinking is incorrect?"
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00002-00001345-00001789 Well, first of all, why waste your time?
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00003-00001789-00002473 If they want to go and play the 'blockchain not Bitcoin' game, let them go and play [it].
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00004-00002473-00002994 I don't think it's our job to persuade other people about the merits of this technology,
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00005-00002994-00003984 if what they can understand about this technology is a slogan that has really played itself out since 2014.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00006-00003984-00004550 I don't think there's any point in trying to persuade people about the 'blockchain not Bitcoin' trope.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00007-00004552-00004735 I think it's a cliche.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00008-00004735-00005478 When somebody says, "I believe in blockchain but I'm not interested in Bitcoin," they're
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00009-00005478-00006157 basically saying, "I don't understand blockchains, but I've heard enough to think that I can
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00010-00006157-00006614 sound cool by dismissing Bitcoin and praising blockchains."
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00011-00006614-00007076 I've heard a lot of people say that, it's just repeating a cliche.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00012-00007076-00007800 Why do blockchains not work without bitcoin, or rather why do blockchains not work without
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00013-00007800-00008463 an intrinsic, valuable asset that is the basis for a game theoretical model of security?
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00014-00008463-00008585 The reason is simple.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00015-00008585-00009113 A blockchain, as a data structure, is a fairly inefficient data structure.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00016-00009113-00009609 The reason we use a blockchain is to achieve decentralisation.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00017-00009609-00010164 In order to achieve decentralisation, you have to be able to validate transactions without
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00018-00010164-00010643 giving anyone the power of veto, or the power to control the network.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00019-00010643-00011013 You have to decentralise the process of validation.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00020-00011013-00011482 The best mechanism we've found so far for decentralising the process of validation is
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00021-00011482-00012056 by having a consensus algorithm that depends on competition -- whether that's proof-of-work,
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00022-00012056-00012248 proof-of-stake, or something like that.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00023-00012248-00012545 In order to have competition, you need risk and reward.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00024-00012545-00012997 In order to have a reward that is meaningful, you need an intrinsic token.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00025-00012997-00013844 You need something of value that people are trying to get, which keeps them playing fair.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00026-00013844-00014397 If you don't have something of value, you don't have a basis for that competition.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00027-00014397-00014740 Without a basis for that competition, you don't have security.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00028-00014740-00015100 Without security, you have to control validation centrally.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00029-00015100-00015512 Without decentralisation, there's no point in doing a blockchain.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00030-00015512-00015800 You might as well use a replicated database.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00031-00015800-00016166 It's going to be far more efficient.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00032-00016166-00016759 The purpose of blockchain technology and a consensus algorithm is to decentralise control,
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00033-00016759-00017316 to provide censorship resistance and neutrality in a global open platform; in order to do
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00034-00017316-00017928 those things, you need some mechanism to decentralise validation.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00035-00017928-00018280 "Debt and credit."
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00036-00018280-00018697 "Given that most of the global economy relies heavily on the extension of credit from major
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00037-00018697-00019247 financial institutions (for example: borrowing money to start a business or buy a home),
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00038-00019247-00019520 how do you see the blockchain playing a role in this space?
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00039-00019520-00019966 I know companies like Bloom use the blockchain to anonymise credit borrowers.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00040-00019966-00020309 But the concept still relies on institutional lending.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00041-00020309-00020890 Is there a way to build in the concept of debt, or negative balances, into blockchain addresses?
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00042-00020890-00021452 Assuming that lending can take place on the blockchain, what mechanisms are there to enforce loan defaults?
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00043-00021452-00022064 Off-chain, banks and the government can  issue liens on income or seize collateral,
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00044-00022065-00022440 which wouldn't be possible on-chain."
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00045-00022440-00022570 Great questions.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00046-00022570-00023167 I honestly don't know how the area of  credit is going to be [handled].
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00047-00023167-00023815 I think the idea that everything has to be done on the blockchain, or that all currencies
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00048-00023815-00024509 will be cryptocurrencies, isn't really where we're going.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00049-00024509-00025247 Just because we have a cryptocurrency that is an asset-based instrument, that is not
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00050-00025247-00025876 a debt-based instrument, where you can't have loans or negative balances.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00051-00025876-00026575 There is no fractional lending or any of the other tricks used to create a greater supply
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00052-00026575-00026847 or liquidity of credit in an economy.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00053-00026847-00027339 That doesn't mean you can't still do those things with fiat.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00054-00027339-00028018 Maybe the role of cryptocurrencies is to offer a form of sound money, for people to be able
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00055-00028018-00028833 to save their wealth and accumulate capital for future generations.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00056-00028833-00029472 Maybe other types of instruments such as fiat or cryptocurrencies heavily modeled after
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00057-00029472-00030274 fiat (fully centralised, confiscatable, fractional reserve) would be built.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00058-00030274-00030725 In fact, I think we're going to see that kind of cryptocurrency being built.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00059-00030725-00030852 Don't worry!
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00060-00030852-00031364 When it comes to issuing credit out of thin air, creating money that doesn't exist, and
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00061-00031364-00032310 inflating bubbles by spreading liquidity through centralised decision-making, all of those shenanigans...
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00062-00032310-00032595 Governments are full of innovation.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00063-00032597-00033165 They will soon develop cryptocurrencies  (or what they will call "cryptocurrencies") and
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00064-00033165-00033933 blockchains, essentially highly centralised databases, that allow them to continue business-as-usual
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00065-00033933-00034328 with not even a pause in their standard practices.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00066-00034328-00035103 They will create the next giant financial bubble of out-of-control predatory lending,
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00067-00035103-00035846 now brought to you on a "cryptographically secured  blockchain," which is of course just a database.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00068-00035846-00036152 FedCoin is coming.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00069-00036153-00036363 It will come to many different countries.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00070-00036363-00036736 It will pretend to be a cryptocurrency and a blockchain.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00071-00036736-00037134 It will offer fractional reserve lending, full surveillance, controls, confiscation,
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00072-00037134-00037587 and all of the other wonderful things that we have with fiat.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00073-00037587-00037810 Only now on a "blockchain."
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00074-00037810-00038586 Don't worry, debt is not going away just because of cryptocurrencies.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00075-00038586-00039265 The only difference is, you now have an option; that option is, you actually have some currency
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00076-00039265-00039960 to store wealth for yourself and future generations that cannot be inflated to shit, or easily
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00077-00039960-00040249 confiscated, or used to create fractional reserves.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00078-00040249-00040516 Let them have their fiat.
+P2I0_vSTZKg-00079-00040516-00040900 Maybe you can choose your cryptocurrency instead.
+P2Nt1d6jY8E-00008-00039893-00040256 Did you know 3
+PqIYUp15v8E-00000-00000048-00000528 hi this is renee olivia and in this video i'm going to be doing a sheen dress haul it's going
+PqIYUp15v8E-00001-00000528-00001064 to be super cute i love these options for you but first if you're not already subscribed
+PqIYUp15v8E-00002-00001064-00001480 go ahead and hit that subscribe button and the notification bell that way you never miss any of
+PqIYUp15v8E-00003-00001480-00002280 my videos okay so this is the first dress now this is like a baby doll um dress this is very cutesy
+PqIYUp15v8E-00004-00002376-00002960 i don't think it's right for me personally i'm not a big proponent of dresser age i think you
+PqIYUp15v8E-00005-00002960-00003479 should dress how you feel comfortable and confident in so whatever that may be
+PqIYUp15v8E-00006-00003479-00004015 um please do that and that's how i dress but for me personally i don't feel like this does
+PqIYUp15v8E-00007-00004015-00004528 anything for me i love babydoll dresses though but this first of all it's just too big i'm wearing
+PqIYUp15v8E-00008-00004528-00005248 like an extra small and this has a zipper but it should be more like tight here and then flare out
+PqIYUp15v8E-00009-00005360-00005944 and it just doesn't do anything for the top it just no it's cute on the bottom i like the
+PqIYUp15v8E-00010-00006056-00006752 the skirt option but it's just not it's not a good option for me um i'll still
+PqIYUp15v8E-00011-00006752-00007200 list everything down below because if you're like heavier on top like you have a bigger chest
+PqIYUp15v8E-00012-00007200-00007864 and this might actually work great for you um it's just for me it should be a little bit tighter here
+PqIYUp15v8E-00013-00007944-00008512 but um but it's it's a great like um cover-up too though for like if you want to go to the
+PqIYUp15v8E-00014-00008512-00009112 beach just throw this on over your bathing suit so that's a good option as well okay so this is a
+PqIYUp15v8E-00015-00009112-00009888 second dress um this is so nice i love this detailing here it's just very flattering it
+PqIYUp15v8E-00016-00009888-00010640 kind of like pulls your eye in so it makes you look like more like an hourglass um figure um
+PqIYUp15v8E-00017-00010640-00011216 i love it it's great material perfect for summer i'm wearing an extra small again i'm going to list
+PqIYUp15v8E-00018-00011216-00011792 like my sizing and the pricing everything down below but i really love this option
+PqIYUp15v8E-00019-00011792-00012528 i just feel like it's classy but um very like sexy as well it's just very you're gonna look
+PqIYUp15v8E-00020-00012528-00013047 very well put together in this dress which is something that i really love and like
+PqIYUp15v8E-00021-00013047-00013528 i'll just try to keep like all the same like accessories just because this is like a summer
+PqIYUp15v8E-00022-00013584-00014368 uh dress haul so i just feel like a nice straw bag and some like wedges or espadrilles look
+PqIYUp15v8E-00023-00014368-00014847 really great with all of these options that i have so this is a perfect and i actually love the
+PqIYUp15v8E-00024-00014847-00015408 color this comes in so many different colors but i like the gray it's very understated um and very
+PqIYUp15v8E-00025-00015408-00016368 classy okay this is another draft i think this is absolutely adorable and again yes these are very
+PqIYUp15v8E-00026-00016368-00017296 like cutesy for like 20 30 year olds and i hate to say it but here hear me out i feel like i can
+PqIYUp15v8E-00027-00017296-00018080 wear this at a caribbean uh vacation like you can just throw this on over your bathing suit you can
+PqIYUp15v8E-00028-00018080-00018792 go to brunch with this um while you're on vacation it's just like a nice vacation dress like i don't
+PqIYUp15v8E-00029-00018792-00019384 know for me personally if i would just wear this out going to my son's soccer game do you know what
+PqIYUp15v8E-00030-00019384-00020024 i mean like i hope i'm making sense because again i don't want people to say oh i have to dress my
+PqIYUp15v8E-00031-00020024-00020464 age i hate that i cannot stand when people say that you gotta wear what you feel comfortable
+PqIYUp15v8E-00032-00020464-00021080 and happy and confident in and i feel like i would feel very happy confident walking along the beach
+PqIYUp15v8E-00033-00021080-00021800 in this um a hundred thousand percent so that is my take on it i would love your opinion down below
+PqIYUp15v8E-00034-00021880-00022360 skewer me if you have to i don't know because i get a lot of that like because i'm on tic tac
+PqIYUp15v8E-00035-00022424-00022944 and i get a lot of people calling me grandma what are you on tick tock for and i'm like i'm
+PqIYUp15v8E-00036-00022944-00023760 on tic tac because i can i'm my own person and that's what i want to do so that's my philosophy
+PqIYUp15v8E-00037-00023760-00024232 so i would love to know your thoughts on that but anyway back to this adorable dress it is a
+PqIYUp15v8E-00038-00024232-00024888 wrap dress you tie it um it's got hearts let me show you the detail look how cute so they're not
+PqIYUp15v8E-00039-00024888-00025576 polka dots they're hearts which i feel is super cute um so again i love it and you throw on your
+PqIYUp15v8E-00040-00025576-00026360 little straw bag and your heels flats whatever and i just think it's like super cute and fun
+PqIYUp15v8E-00041-00026552-00027072 okay another one this is very similar to the gray one and i showed you just the top is different
+PqIYUp15v8E-00042-00027072-00027600 which i actually like this top better i feel like this is a little bit more um flattering
+PqIYUp15v8E-00043-00027600-00028320 um again i love the fact that it goes like the rushy right knee center gives you a nice hold in
+PqIYUp15v8E-00044-00028576-00029136 aesthetic i guess you would say it was very flattering i love the length the material is
+PqIYUp15v8E-00045-00029136-00029824 a jersey material so super light great for spring summer and also i love this because i can throw a
+PqIYUp15v8E-00046-00029824-00030392 cardigan or a blazer over this and this is great for work too and if you're going to go to half the
+PqIYUp15v8E-00047-00030392-00031016 hour afterwards just take it off and there you go you have a great little option and then again with
+PqIYUp15v8E-00048-00031016-00031832 your straw back it just brings it all together and for a nice summer look um i like it and again this
+PqIYUp15v8E-00049-00031832-00032439 comes in lots of different colors um so lots of options um but i liked the green i felt it
+PqIYUp15v8E-00050-00032439-00033016 was like i don't know i like olive green it's just um something that i'm always like drawn to
+PqIYUp15v8E-00051-00033224-00034016 okay so look at this gorgeous white dress i am in love it's just so flowy romantic pretty girly
+PqIYUp15v8E-00052-00034096-00034608 look how it moves i love it and i didn't think i was going to like this when i looked at it
+PqIYUp15v8E-00053-00034608-00035184 and then you put it on i love the detailing right here the sleeves the back is super cute
+PqIYUp15v8E-00054-00035296-00035856 um and then you just like i said add in your cute summer accessories and you've got a perfect
+PqIYUp15v8E-00055-00035944-00036448 outfit for like if you have a graduation coming up brunch with your friends a picnic
+PqIYUp15v8E-00056-00036520-00037264 on a beach wet well you can't wear white to a wedding but i love it i absolutely love this
+PqIYUp15v8E-00057-00037264-00037888 so i will list this below as well and i think i'm doing pretty good i wanted to show you it
+PqIYUp15v8E-00058-00037888-00038576 up close like look how cute this is i love it and then like right here it's like a an eyelet
+PqIYUp15v8E-00059-00038632-00039504 is that how you say eyelet i love it it's just so cute i love it okay last one and i think this is
+PqIYUp15v8E-00060-00039504-00040168 so cute i think this is like a great actual like cover-up for a bathing suit um because
+PqIYUp15v8E-00061-00040168-00040704 it doesn't it's a little bit too low for me here like if i were gonna wear a short skirt like a
+PqIYUp15v8E-00062-00040704-00041528 shorter skirt and i don't like my dresses to be too low cut i just that's my preference um so
+PqIYUp15v8E-00063-00041528-00042224 this would i would wear definitely like over a bathing suit um or put like maybe a lace camisole
+PqIYUp15v8E-00064-00042224-00042840 um underneath and i think it's super cute because i do love the silhouette i love baby doll dresses
+PqIYUp15v8E-00065-00042896-00043456 great for summer it's very lightweight but also has the little slip underneath so you're not
+PqIYUp15v8E-00066-00043456-00044168 completely like see-through um so i love it i think it's really cute so for me i would just
+PqIYUp15v8E-00067-00044168-00044784 try to find like a camisole you can also do the fashion tape to make sure you're not spilling out
+PqIYUp15v8E-00068-00044784-00045520 um but yeah i like it uh i'm just trying to debate on whether i'm gonna keep it because
+PqIYUp15v8E-00069-00045520-00045960 i don't know if i need another cover up for bathing suit but we'll see i'll figure it out
+PqIYUp15v8E-00070-00046144-00046584 okay so that was my video on my summer dress haul from sheen i hope you liked it if you did
+PqIYUp15v8E-00071-00046584-00047056 please give it a thumbs up i would really really appreciate it and again if you're not already
+PqIYUp15v8E-00072-00047056-00047464 subscribed go ahead and hit that subscribe button and the notification bell that way you never miss
+PqIYUp15v8E-00073-00047464-00048096 any one of my videos also comment down below on what you'd like me to do next um i'm happy to
+PqIYUp15v8E-00074-00048176-00048648 do different things and i'm always open to suggestions so i will see you all next week
+PrzBTACD4rA-00000-00000000-00000200 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00001-00000200-00000400 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00002-00000400-00000600 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00003-00000600-00000800 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00004-00000800-00001000 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00005-00001000-00001200 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00006-00001200-00001400 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00007-00001400-00001600 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00008-00001600-00001800 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00009-00001800-00002000 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00010-00002000-00002200 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00011-00002200-00002400 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00012-00002400-00002600 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00013-00002600-00002800 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00014-00002800-00003000 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00015-00003000-00003200 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00016-00003200-00003400 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00017-00003400-00003600 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00018-00003600-00003800 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00019-00003800-00004000 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00020-00004000-00004200 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00021-00004200-00004400 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00022-00004400-00004600 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00023-00004600-00004800 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00024-00004800-00005000 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00025-00005000-00005200 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00026-00005200-00005400 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00027-00005400-00005600 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00028-00005600-00005800 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00029-00005800-00006000 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00030-00006000-00006200 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00031-00006200-00006400 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00032-00006400-00006600 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00033-00006600-00006800 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00034-00006800-00007000 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00035-00007000-00007200 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00036-00007200-00007400 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00037-00007400-00007600 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00038-00007600-00007800 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00039-00007800-00008000 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00040-00008000-00008200 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00041-00008200-00008400 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00042-00008400-00008600 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00043-00008600-00008800 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00044-00008800-00009000 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00045-00009000-00009200 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
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+PrzBTACD4rA-00047-00009400-00009600 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00048-00009600-00009800 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00049-00009800-00010000 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00050-00010000-00010200 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrzBTACD4rA-00051-00010200-00010400 PAVITRA ENGINEERS, 9167424066/9004917850/9224272866       mail: pavitraengineers1977@gmail.com ,              Web:- https://www.pavitraengineers.com/
+PrNint7OtiA-00000-00000003-00000617 DC and AC motors are just the exact reverse process.
+PrNint7OtiA-00001-00000690-00001278 If we look at that coil in the magnetic field, instead of using force to turn the
+PrNint7OtiA-00002-00001278-00001611 coil to try and make electricity, I'm going to apply electricity to try and
+PrNint7OtiA-00003-00001611-00001905 cause a force. So I'm going to put a current through it. The current is
+PrNint7OtiA-00004-00001905-00002352 going to be coming out of the screen here and into the screen there. It's
+PrNint7OtiA-00005-00002352-00002684 gotta be the same current because it's going round that coil. And we can see that
+PrNint7OtiA-00006-00002684-00002979 there's going to be a magic force on it. So we're gonna use the right hand rule
+PrNint7OtiA-00007-00002979-00003396 to try and figure out the direction that force. And so we';ll do that one first,on the
+PrNint7OtiA-00008-00003396-00003864 left. Okay so we take the fingers of our right hand and we point them up out of
+PrNint7OtiA-00009-00003864-00004230 the screen to be the direction of the current and then we swing them around
+PrNint7OtiA-00010-00004230-00004701 the direction of the magnetic field and then our thumbs are pointing up and so
+PrNint7OtiA-00011-00004701-00005033 that's the direction of the force. And on the other one we're going to have our
+PrNint7OtiA-00012-00005033-00005448 fingers pointing in and then we're going to swing them around to the magnetic
+PrNint7OtiA-00013-00005448-00005760 field and so our thumb is pointing down and so that will be the direction of the
+PrNint7OtiA-00014-00005760-00006173 force. And so if this is two sides of the coil, the coil is going to start to
+PrNint7OtiA-00015-00006173-00006533 rotate. It's gonna have a force turning it round, it's gonna have a torque trying
+PrNint7OtiA-00016-00006533-00007008 to make it go around in a circle and that's just what it will do. When it gets
+PrNint7OtiA-00017-00007008-00007395 all the way flipped over, the forces are going to be slowing it down again and so
+PrNint7OtiA-00018-00007395-00007743 if we're clever and we use alternating current and we swap the sign of the
+PrNint7OtiA-00019-00007743-00008055 current, then it's going to be still pushing it forward and then the current
+PrNint7OtiA-00020-00008055-00008340 will swap sign again and we'll keep pushing it and pushing it and pushing it
+PrNint7OtiA-00021-00008340-00008787 and that's how an AC motor works. If it's a DC motor then the currents coming in
+PrNint7OtiA-00022-00008787-00009360 is constant but we use a special tool to swap which wire it's connected to (for) each
+PrNint7OtiA-00023-00009360-00009630 half turn and then we get the same effect as the Alternating Current and
+PrNint7OtiA-00024-00009630-00009968 that's how a DC motor works.
+PttoMwutr7Q-00000-00000008-00000672 hi my name is kavida sharma i'm the author of past pmp in 21 days book series i am also listed
+PttoMwutr7Q-00001-00000672-00001472 as significant contributor in pmbok six i'm also a reviewer with pmi capm e-learning in today's video
+PttoMwutr7Q-00002-00001472-00001992 i'll be taking you through why should you do pmp because that's number one question people ask
+PttoMwutr7Q-00003-00002144-00002616 what are different certification in the market so if you are a beginner you would be you would
+PttoMwutr7Q-00004-00002616-00003288 want to explore different certifications what a different cost involved if you plan to go with
+PttoMwutr7Q-00005-00003288-00004160 pmp are you eligible that's another question a lot of people have doubts on is pmp exam difficult i'm
+PttoMwutr7Q-00006-00004160-00004784 gonna be touching upon that i have detailed video about what is the pmp exam all about you can i'm
+PttoMwutr7Q-00007-00004784-00005416 gonna be referring that as well how do i start if you make up your mind how do you start how do
+PttoMwutr7Q-00008-00005416-00006048 you prepare what are the best resources i'm gonna talk about them do's and don'ts and the next steps
+PttoMwutr7Q-00009-00006224-00007040 pmi has done a survey and it's been shown that at least pmp people are getting 25 percent higher
+PttoMwutr7Q-00010-00007040-00007656 salary on an average than their counterparts the link is given below you can check that better
+PttoMwutr7Q-00011-00007656-00008200 career options you can hop on to the job if you want to move from one company to another it's
+PttoMwutr7Q-00012-00008200-00008824 it's a globally recognized certificate so a lot of company gonna give you preferred treatment
+PttoMwutr7Q-00013-00008824-00009560 so you can go grow vertically or horizontally or to different jobs so you your choice and
+PttoMwutr7Q-00014-00009560-00010000 obviously it makes you efficient the tools and techniques which are given for example how
+PttoMwutr7Q-00015-00010000-00010616 do you collect requirement you can do workshop you can do surveys so all of that is you know
+PttoMwutr7Q-00016-00010616-00011168 the techniques which are there can make you really really efficient with his processes as
+PttoMwutr7Q-00017-00011168-00011704 well as with people and understanding the business environment order so the current
+PttoMwutr7Q-00018-00011800-00012416 eco or current content outline really makes you efficient as a project manager
+PttoMwutr7Q-00019-00012608-00013144 what are other certifications in the market so there are many if you go and look around if you
+PttoMwutr7Q-00020-00013144-00013688 are an i.t background person you can go with agile certification so you can go with ca pm
+PttoMwutr7Q-00021-00013760-00014880 csm you can go with agile pm safe and so on um you you can go with prince2 as well prince2 focuses on
+PttoMwutr7Q-00022-00014880-00015800 methodology and step-by-step processes which pmi pmp lacks in it focuses on tools my suggestion
+PttoMwutr7Q-00023-00015800-00016319 would be go with both of them because both of them complement each other if you are not
+PttoMwutr7Q-00024-00016319-00017128 eligible for pmp then you can go with entry level um certifications like capm or prince to beginner
+PttoMwutr7Q-00025-00017480-00018032 let's say you have made up your mind what is the cost if you want to go with pmp exam
+PttoMwutr7Q-00026-00018104-00018864 so the cost is divided into three things first second and third these two are fixed cost
+PttoMwutr7Q-00027-00018928-00019616 and this is variable based on which country you are in which location and what kind of mode of
+PttoMwutr7Q-00028-00019616-00020648 training do you opt for so membership cost is 129 usd and the exam cost is for members it is 405 usd
+PttoMwutr7Q-00029-00020768-00021376 if you are a non-member and you would want to directly go with the pmp exam the examination
+PttoMwutr7Q-00030-00021376-00021952 cost is 555. so if you do the math this is a better option to go with it saves some money
+PttoMwutr7Q-00031-00022096-00023128 training cost could be anywhere from 299 usd to 2000 usd itself so you decide where exactly you
+PttoMwutr7Q-00032-00023128-00023888 would want to what is the eligibility criteria pmp exam is aimed at professionals who've been
+PttoMwutr7Q-00033-00023888-00024704 doing project management so you need to have at least three years of project management experience
+PttoMwutr7Q-00034-00024760-00025568 um what does it mean you should be able to you from last three years you are leading a project
+PttoMwutr7Q-00035-00025568-00026272 team you are working and delivering the projects what is a project anything unique which you do
+PttoMwutr7Q-00036-00026344-00026792 so if you are an oracle consultant and you are the only person in your team are you
+PttoMwutr7Q-00037-00026792-00027432 doing projects or not you are if there is a start date and end date whatever work you are doing you
+PttoMwutr7Q-00038-00027432-00028224 working with stakeholders you are been executing project however if you've been doing support for
+PttoMwutr7Q-00039-00028224-00029080 your project that support when you are handling tickets and calling people every day that is not
+PttoMwutr7Q-00040-00029080-00029727 considered a project so check your qualification whether you are really eligible or not there is a
+PttoMwutr7Q-00041-00029727-00030527 video link given in the description um how to file pmp application it will take you through um the
+PttoMwutr7Q-00042-00030527-00031176 entire steps and it will also help you understand whether you satisfy the three years or not
+PttoMwutr7Q-00043-00031352-00032112 if you have 16 years of education then you would need three years of project management experience
+PttoMwutr7Q-00044-00032112-00032960 if you have less than that then this requirement of managing project becomes more plus you would
+PttoMwutr7Q-00045-00032960-00033768 also need 35 hours of pmp training 35 hours of pmp training these are also called 35 pdus so
+PttoMwutr7Q-00046-00033768-00034632 wherever you learn from that faculty or institute should be able to give you a certificate with 35
+PttoMwutr7Q-00047-00034712-00035472 which certify you that you have gone through 35 hours of learning itself whether offline learning
+PttoMwutr7Q-00048-00035472-00036584 or online learning or classroom learning the certificate generally should describe that
+PttoMwutr7Q-00049-00036664-00037296 is the pmp examination difficult so the examination is an online or on-demand exam
+PttoMwutr7Q-00050-00037352-00038008 what does it mean this on-demand exam can be done at home or at any center you can
+PttoMwutr7Q-00051-00038008-00038688 schedule your exam tomorrow either at home or center by going to pmi.org and sufficing
+PttoMwutr7Q-00052-00038688-00039448 filing up your pmp application and so on the exam duration is 2 30 minutes and it has two
+PttoMwutr7Q-00053-00039448-00040208 breaks of 10 minutes which are optional the exam is divided into three sections so i'm just gonna
+PttoMwutr7Q-00054-00040280-00041080 simplify it for you here the exam is divided into three section a section b and c total questions
+PttoMwutr7Q-00055-00041080-00042200 are 180 questions so 60 question in section 1 60 here 60 here total duration of the um exam is 2 30
+PttoMwutr7Q-00056-00042200-00042920 minutes plus 10 minutes of this optional break and 10 minutes of this optional break this is
+PttoMwutr7Q-00057-00042920-00043512 optional if you want to take this you can if you don't want to and go to the next section you can
+PttoMwutr7Q-00058-00043576-00044272 so 230 minutes plus 10 minutes plus 10 minutes so total is these are optional as i said earlier
+PttoMwutr7Q-00059-00044352-00045008 so the real examination screen time would be 2 30 minutes the questions which come in the exam
+PttoMwutr7Q-00060-00045008-00045816 as i told you is 180 questions and they come from different domains or different groups um
+PttoMwutr7Q-00061-00045928-00046496 42 percent of the questions are people oriented how do you communicate with people how do you
+PttoMwutr7Q-00062-00046496-00047016 understand how would you show leadership a situational question so you're gonna
+PttoMwutr7Q-00063-00047016-00047784 see a lot of question or details and then the answers answers could be multi-select
+PttoMwutr7Q-00064-00047848-00048504 or could be one select out of four radio buttons you have to select one right answer it could be
+PttoMwutr7Q-00065-00048504-00049408 true or false or it could be drag and drop these are also called hotspot questions so out of 180
+PttoMwutr7Q-00066-00049408-00050024 questions you're going to have people percentage of the question surrounding communication people
+PttoMwutr7Q-00067-00050104-00050856 stakeholders which are 42 processes how do you do scope management how do you do
+PttoMwutr7Q-00068-00050912-00051520 cost management all of that gonna be fifty percent of the questions and business environment would
+PttoMwutr7Q-00069-00051520-00052208 be eight percent of the question so if i ask you if the total questions are 180 questions
+PttoMwutr7Q-00070-00052288-00052920 and process is gonna have 50 of them total question from process gonna be how much
+PttoMwutr7Q-00071-00053152-00053608 so it's gonna be 90 question from processes you got it
+PttoMwutr7Q-00072-00053952-00054600 what are different resources for the pmp exam prep so first thing which i would want to say
+PttoMwutr7Q-00073-00054600-00055400 and caution you is do not go for free resources because nobody is taking ownership of them do not
+PttoMwutr7Q-00074-00055479-00056416 do not try and do tests from you know free website the problem with the free test papers is you might
+PttoMwutr7Q-00075-00056416-00057072 see questions from pmbok five or worse p above three the kind of terms which they have been
+PttoMwutr7Q-00076-00057072-00057712 using and the kind of questions there are um you would get confused and you're gonna give wrong
+PttoMwutr7Q-00077-00057712-00058488 answers so do not go with free resources go with resources which are updated and updated often um
+PttoMwutr7Q-00078-00058488-00059144 if you're a person who is self-disciplined and you can you know schedule some two hours with yourself
+PttoMwutr7Q-00079-00059224-00059760 you can go to udemy.com and check whether there are resources available um udemy has
+PttoMwutr7Q-00080-00059760-00060384 a lot of courses and you can check the rating and select the course which you would prefer
+PttoMwutr7Q-00081-00060455-00061104 um you can go to organization your organization portal and can check a lot of organization have
+PttoMwutr7Q-00082-00061104-00061976 created pmp courses uh check them you can also go to course era and can check some of the courses
+PttoMwutr7Q-00083-00061976-00062736 for example there is a google pm course it is a self-learn course however i checked it out it is
+PttoMwutr7Q-00084-00062736-00063544 at capm level it is at a fresher level you can get started with that as well you the other option is
+PttoMwutr7Q-00085-00063544-00064264 use a mentor you can use somebody who has done pmp just now a lot of things fresh in his or her mind
+PttoMwutr7Q-00086-00064320-00065120 um start off with the pmp prep along with a book with them so um that's another way to
+PttoMwutr7Q-00087-00065120-00065832 start off your pmp journey with thin and you know easy resources or if you want to go fast
+PttoMwutr7Q-00088-00065832-00066432 track you can join a workshop this is the one i would really recommend because this is the one
+PttoMwutr7Q-00089-00066432-00067144 wherein you would be able to interact with fellow people a lot of people can form a study group
+PttoMwutr7Q-00090-00067208-00067840 you can discuss questions and get clarification because you know if you as alone you would not be
+PttoMwutr7Q-00091-00067840-00068480 able to know what is going on in the other world um if people ask different questions you would
+PttoMwutr7Q-00092-00068480-00069176 also get to know the knowledge um on different topics so join a workshop it could be a classroom
+PttoMwutr7Q-00093-00069176-00070064 or it could be a online workshop this is the best method i would recommend but um it depends on
+PttoMwutr7Q-00094-00070064-00070912 you um the resources you have the time you have and so on what are do's and don'ts understand i
+PttoMwutr7Q-00095-00071008-00071672 my student never fails but there are few exceptions and i generally have detailed
+PttoMwutr7Q-00096-00071672-00072376 talk with those exceptions uh so one common theme which i have found in all those exceptions are
+PttoMwutr7Q-00097-00072376-00073152 they try and take shortcuts um do not understand concept and try and do you know pmp test
+PttoMwutr7Q-00098-00073152-00073928 trying to look at various sources of information and get confused so there are no shortcuts don't
+PttoMwutr7Q-00099-00073928-00074576 try and do only test and pass the pain you would not be able to pass the pmp exam the first thing
+PttoMwutr7Q-00100-00074576-00075088 which you need to do is to understand concept if you understand concept you can give answers to
+PttoMwutr7Q-00101-00075088-00075752 any question um whatever concept you understand apply that in your job day to day job that way
+PttoMwutr7Q-00102-00075752-00076408 you would not be able to forget that it's not a theoretical exam it's an exam on your skills
+PttoMwutr7Q-00103-00076408-00077280 so apply them do many tests do many exam but from an authenticated source and stay on track
+PttoMwutr7Q-00104-00077384-00078128 you know block your two hours every day and do the practice test every day that way you would
+PttoMwutr7Q-00105-00078128-00078896 not forget the topics and the requirement over a period of time you need this to do you need to do
+PttoMwutr7Q-00106-00078896-00079576 this only for 30 days or so and you will pass the pmp exam but you have to stay put on this
+PttoMwutr7Q-00107-00079752-00080376 what you should not do is there are no shortcuts so don't try and take shortcuts do not memorize
+PttoMwutr7Q-00108-00080376-00081088 things it's not gonna help you because if i change one sentence or one word in a sentence the answer
+PttoMwutr7Q-00109-00081088-00081984 changes so if you try and memorize questions from the test prep you won't be able to get far and
+PttoMwutr7Q-00110-00082072-00082784 do not try and you know try and answer questions with your knowledge with the way you work
+PttoMwutr7Q-00111-00082840-00083488 i've seen a lot of senior people failing in the pmp exam because they think they are doing better
+PttoMwutr7Q-00112-00083488-00084224 project management practices um pmi expect you to behave in certain ways as per the pmbok or
+PttoMwutr7Q-00113-00084224-00085000 as per the principles and processes so stay understand that and live with that framework
+PttoMwutr7Q-00114-00085320-00085784 so i've walked you through the eligibility different certifications
+PttoMwutr7Q-00115-00085936-00086168 the cost involved what are the next step
+PttoMwutr7Q-00116-00086424-00086968 so first of all if you need to check whether this is the growth path for you you need to
+PttoMwutr7Q-00117-00086968-00087648 check if you want to become an icic's individual contributor you want to become a manager so for
+PttoMwutr7Q-00118-00087648-00088280 any manager in any industry pmp is a good part to take but if you want to develop your skills let's
+PttoMwutr7Q-00119-00088280-00088920 say programming then you and you want to become a programmer then pmp is not a good choice to
+PttoMwutr7Q-00120-00088920-00089904 go with um so see if the growth path is in in tune with your career respiration uh check that talk to
+PttoMwutr7Q-00121-00089904-00090552 your seniors check your profile are you a people person are you a person who have some leadership
+PttoMwutr7Q-00122-00090552-00091360 skills uh look for mbti um test i'm gonna link i'm gonna provide a link for you know your
+PttoMwutr7Q-00123-00091488-00091960 self-assessment on your personality that's gonna give you some insight into what kind of person
+PttoMwutr7Q-00124-00091960-00092672 you are and can you do management job or not uh so check that second is um look at your fitment for
+PttoMwutr7Q-00125-00092752-00093616 management second is check your eligibility are you eligible or not and see the third thing is
+PttoMwutr7Q-00126-00093616-00094344 do you have time to do workshops or do you have to two hours every day to schedule your time and
+PttoMwutr7Q-00127-00094344-00094920 block your time for next you know one month or so check your eligibility and see whether
+PttoMwutr7Q-00128-00094992-00095648 if you are fine with eligibility this is also growth path you are very excited to be a pmp
+PttoMwutr7Q-00129-00095648-00096224 see whether you your schedule allows it or not so block your time whenever your schedule allows
+PttoMwutr7Q-00130-00096304-00096944 um so there might be a wedding coming up or there might be a travel coming up in your job so
+PttoMwutr7Q-00131-00096944-00097608 see where exactly you get at least one month to 1.5 months to do pmp prep and
+PttoMwutr7Q-00132-00097608-00098200 then block your time accordingly check which methodology work for you book self study
+PttoMwutr7Q-00133-00098200-00098968 workshop and then go for it this is all what you need to do take the first step and go for the pmp
+PttoMwutr7Q-00134-00098968-00099664 preparation um a good book to start off reading is pmp study guide it has
+PttoMwutr7Q-00135-00099664-00100456 all the modules it has agile as one of these section then it has processes and principles
+PttoMwutr7Q-00136-00100536-00101144 simplified for you you don't have to worry about anything at all you just read these study capsules
+PttoMwutr7Q-00137-00101144-00101784 do a let's play quiz so that you understand the concept and evaluate yourself and do module and
+PttoMwutr7Q-00138-00101856-00102616 these are easily configured and there are great reviews of these this book from last seven years
+PttoMwutr7Q-00139-00102672-00103400 you might want to check them at amazon and they are available so see if this book works for you
+PttoMwutr7Q-00140-00103400-00104032 if you have any further question you can write to meet kavita if you want to enroll in any of
+PttoMwutr7Q-00141-00104032-00104744 the workshop you can come to my website which is kavithasharma.net these are the books which are
+PttoMwutr7Q-00142-00104744-00105456 available for you this is to understand concept then that is the first step if you understood
+PttoMwutr7Q-00143-00105456-00106168 concept you have into a workshop the second step is to evaluate understand how much you know um so
+PttoMwutr7Q-00144-00106168-00106983 that is the second step this is um chapter wise questions and detailed answers for each questions
+PttoMwutr7Q-00145-00106983-00107640 um so you can evaluate your knowledge and the third one is smart learn which is
+PttoMwutr7Q-00146-00107640-00108056 you know idtls and keywords you don't have to memorize you just have to understand what
+PttoMwutr7Q-00147-00108056-00108759 is the keyword which is associated for example workshop how is it different than focus group so
+PttoMwutr7Q-00148-00108848-00109608 these are the ones which you can find here in the itu keywords book that's all pretty much
+PttoMwutr7Q-00149-00109608-00110432 from me my name is kevita sharma and i'll talk to you soon with a new video thank you bye
+Pu_CSJuPpmA-00000-00003198-00003426 Gdzie jest babcia?
+Pu_CSJuPpmA-00001-00003433-00003596 Gdzie jest tata?
+Pu_CSJuPpmA-00002-00003606-00003760 Gdzie jest mama?
+Pu_CSJuPpmA-00003-00003789-00003912 Rodzina to najlepszy...
+Pu_CSJuPpmA-00004-00003916-00004016 ...PREZENT!
+Pu_CSJuPpmA-00005-00004590-00004860 TAŚMA - prezent dla całej rodziny :)
+Pw6SJfM6Edy-00000-00000000-00000472 that's that's uh something of an argument but i've heard speeches made by some of the
+Pw6SJfM6Edy-00001-00000472-00000896 people of your group i think i've heard you make speeches it seemed to me that you were advocating
+Pw6SJfM6Edy-00002-00000960-00001464 uh well i would have to describe i think as violence to meet the serious injuries that
+Pw6SJfM6Edy-00003-00001464-00001912 have been done your people with which i totally i don't call that violence uh i don't in any
+Pw6SJfM6Edy-00004-00001912-00002608 way encourage black people to go out and initiate acts of aggression indiscriminately against whites
+Pw6SJfM6Edy-00005-00002608-00003176 but i do believe that the black man in the united states and any human being anywhere is well within
+Pw6SJfM6Edy-00006-00003176-00003744 his right to do whatever is necessary by any means necessary to protect his life and property
+Pw6SJfM6Edy-00007-00003744-00004280 especially in a in a country where the federal government itself has proven that it is either
+Pw6SJfM6Edy-00008-00004280-00004808 uh unable or unwilling to protect the lies and property of those human beings just before pierre
+Pw6SJfM6Edy-00009-00004808-00005128 takes it you've got a pretty good fighter and the world's heavyweight champion lined up with
+Pw6SJfM6Edy-00010-00005128-00005720 you to help out yes well mr x if i guess i call you that is that the proper affirmation mr x
+PxVJdCCILOA-00000-00001600-00001989 Hi, stranger. :)
+PxVJdCCILOA-00001-00001989-00002361 I used to take this walk every now and then.
+PxVJdCCILOA-00002-00002723-00003262 When I'm surrounded by nature it calms my mind  and makes me feel good.
+PxVJdCCILOA-00003-00003445-00003752 So whenever I can I come here.
+PxVJdCCILOA-00004-00003964-00004476 Lake Pancharevo is located in the outskirts of Vitosha mountain.
+PxVJdCCILOA-00005-00004522-00005018 It is an artificial one but the proximity to Sofia,  the capital of Bulgaria,
+PxVJdCCILOA-00006-00005018-00005332 makes it the perfect getaway for leisure
+PxVJdCCILOA-00007-00005332-00005580 and sport activities.
+PxVJdCCILOA-00008-00006024-00006375 The whole circular route is 7.5 km in total
+PxVJdCCILOA-00009-00006375-00006673 and it takes about 2 hours to finish.
+PxVJdCCILOA-00010-00006713-00007039 I typically do only the half of it.
+PxVJdCCILOA-00011-00007189-00007339 Spot the wild fox! :)
+PxVJdCCILOA-00012-00007958-00008164 Such a beautiful sky!
+PxVJdCCILOA-00013-00008425-00008728 The sun shines through the clouds
+PxVJdCCILOA-00014-00008728-00009056 making everything looks even nicer.
+PxVJdCCILOA-00015-00009584-00009803 Family gathering. :)
+PxVJdCCILOA-00016-00010441-00010711 Usually, it's very crowded
+PxVJdCCILOA-00017-00010711-00011192 but this morning it seems like I'm the only one
+PxVJdCCILOA-00018-00011192-00011408 and I like it.
+PxVJdCCILOA-00019-00011781-00012189 Peaks on Vitosha mountain  surrounded by white clouds.
+PxVJdCCILOA-00020-00012778-00013231 Hope this video brings serenity into your day too. :)
+PxWC8h_vUag-00000-00002082-00002344 Made by Thomas Andre Saldaña
+PxWC8h_vUag-00001-00002516-00002604 M O A R (More)
+PxWC8h_vUag-00002-00002744-00002816 Mickey
+PxWC8h_vUag-00003-00002856-00002980 WARNING: Incoming EAR RAPE!
+PxWC8h_vUag-00004-00002980-00003084 M   O   U   S   E
+PxWC8h_vUag-00005-00003236-00003378 Markiplier (lol)
+PxWC8h_vUag-00006-00003511-00003634 Mumbai (mispronounced)
+PxWC8h_vUag-00007-00003770-00003847 Mate (m8)
+PxWC8h_vUag-00008-00004006-00004144 Maltesers (ft. Stomedy)
+PxWC8h_vUag-00009-00004288-00004410 (Dwarf) McGregor
+PxWC8h_vUag-00010-00004592-00004692 Morty (tries to send nudes)
+PxWC8h_vUag-00011-00004894-00004998 M E M E S (Ah yes!)
+PxWC8h_vUag-00012-00005014-00005194 aka BONUS
+PxWC8h_vUag-00013-00005208-00005300 Guess this word...
+PxWC8h_vUag-00014-00008352-00009462 Subtitles made by also the author: Thomas Andre Saldaña
+PxWC8h_vUag-00015-00012694-00013472 Thanks for watching! See you again soon!
+PCtDe5iD_2c-00000-00000216-00000394 Arts
+PCtDe5iD_2c-00001-00000608-00000786 Crafts
+PCtDe5iD_2c-00002-00000946-00001146 Accolades
+PCtDe5iD_2c-00003-00001306-00001496 Satisfaction
+PCtDe5iD_2c-00004-00001678-00002090 See your life in transparency - PATTERNS
+PC-BVSlhciY-00000-00000472-00000878 Here are the settings for the SEM we want to use for EDS analyses.
+PC-BVSlhciY-00001-00000927-00001545 We want to use the analysis setting of 15 kilovolts. We want to use point
+PC-BVSlhciY-00002-00001660-00001860 analyses over
+PC-BVSlhciY-00003-00002026-00002226 here.
+PC-BVSlhciY-00004-00002226-00002561 We want to have the backscattered detector
+PC-BVSlhciY-00005-00002736-00002917 here
+PC-BVSlhciY-00006-00002917-00003290 and for all things we want to have
+PC-BVSlhciY-00007-00003372-00004107 the computer on the left side connected to this computer on the right side so want to have this network path
+PC-BVSlhciY-00008-00004189-00004520 mapped with the correct values as
+PC-BVSlhciY-00009-00004561-00005042 described in the instruction manual and you want to have it connected so right now
+PC-BVSlhciY-00010-00005043-00005361 It's connected because it's only giving you an option to disconnect
+PC-BVSlhciY-00011-00005542-00006132 To use the EDS you need to start the Phenom pro suite on the left side computer
+PC-BVSlhciY-00012-00006271-00006486 bring up this screen here and
+PC-BVSlhciY-00013-00006700-00006879 we're going to
+PC-BVSlhciY-00014-00006879-00007011 identify
+PC-BVSlhciY-00015-00007011-00007700 composition of things so we want to choose the thing at the top right that's called "Element
+PC-BVSlhciY-00016-00007743-00007943 Identification" and
+PC-BVSlhciY-00017-00007984-00008403 that's going to bring up the element identification screen
+PC-BVSlhciY-00018-00008483-00008683 on the computer.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00000-00000000-00000298 Today is the day when the baby gets a second vaccination.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00001-00000650-00000910 Today, the baby's going to play in the gym.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00002-00001110-00001326 Lovely bubbly chacha
+PIucEKE3g5c-00003-00001508-00001862 After the hospital, the baby's playing with toys.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00004-00002534-00002848 This is the first toy for a baby.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00005-00003190-00003560 She's looking for a way to play.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00006-00003724-00003924 Chacha appeared.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00007-00004678-00004878 You can't hit your sister.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00008-00005882-00006138 When the baby appears, chacha looks at the baby.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00009-00006631-00006831 The puppy seems to think it is a younger sister.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00010-00007126-00007909 That's how you play. You're good.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00011-00008468-00008822 Chacha protects the baby.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00012-00009494-00009760 The baby has adapted.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00013-00010800-00011850 The baby plays with toys well. adapted
+PIucEKE3g5c-00014-00012658-00012900 Dad's trying.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00015-00013336-00013600 Chacha is always by the side.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00016-00014656-00014960 I've decided to watch Chacha's behavior.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00017-00015412-00015716 It's getting closer.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00018-00016462-00016878 Chacha, who pretends to eat snacks and comes close by little by little
+PIucEKE3g5c-00019-00017280-00017578 She ended up getting the closest.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00020-00017956-00018828 She only smells her feet timidly. As expected, she is pretty.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00021-00020176-00020544 My father showed up.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00022-00020874-00022048 Dad has to put her to sleep, but he gets scolded for playing with her.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00023-00022514-00022888 But he's happy because of the baby and the dog.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00024-00023152-00023352 I was happy today, too.
+PIucEKE3g5c-00025-00023570-00025084 Subscriptions and likes are a big boost to video production.
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00000-00000878-00001177 hello all, i'm yozora
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00001-00001181-00001501 guys, if you already watched my previous video
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00002-00001501-00001701 in those video i said
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00003-00001705-00002098 that i want to make a videos about challenging bailey
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00004-00002098-00002345 without using bailey in arena
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00005-00002345-00002467 my reason to do it is simple
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00006-00002467-00002866 because, bailey is powerful hero
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00007-00002866-00003000 even overpowered hero
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00008-00003000-00003243 its really hard to beat bailey in arena
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00009-00003260-00003490 especially on new servers
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00010-00003504-00003655 which people said
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00011-00003655-00003904 f2p and low spender are having hard time
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00012-00003904-00004104 to getting bailey hudson
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00013-00004104-00004210 but....
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00014-00004210-00004296 even if really hard to beat bailey
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00015-00004296-00004491 i think defeating bailey
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00016-00004491-00004784 is not impossible, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00017-00004784-00005130 thats why today i will try to challenge bailey
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00018-00005130-00005330 without using bailey in regular arena
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00019-00005330-00005595 how to beat him ??
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00020-00005595-00005930 i haven't figured out how to beat bailey without bailey
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00021-00005930-00006222 so, lets we find out guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00022-00006222-00006611 lets we find out how to beat bailey without bailey
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00023-00006611-00006716 but before it guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00024-00006716-00007240 first, i will challenge someone with lower rank than me
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00025-00007423-00007826 i will attack rank 5, Uncle Dx
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00026-00007826-00008058 and if i win guys...
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00027-00008058-00008336 i will challenge higher rank
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00028-00008336-00008456 so on and on
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00029-00008456-00008882 until at the end we fighting the last boss, Uncle Bakpau
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00030-00008882-00009015 but if i lose, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00031-00009015-00009230 i will challenge the same person again and again
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00032-00009230-00009463 until we won
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00033-00009708-00010062 so, know lets we find an opponent, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00034-00010083-00010409 we will challenge.... Uncle Dx on Rank 5
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00035-00010409-00010638 lets look at rank again one more time
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00036-00010638-00010752 yes Uncle Dx on Rank 5
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00037-00010752-00011000 we will challenge him
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00038-00011000-00011200 without using bailey
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00039-00011419-00011790 so this is my basic line up, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00040-00011790-00011990 im usually using this formation (im use crete not randall), so simple
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00041-00012045-00012245 now, lets we try
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00042-00012359-00012630 wait... we cannot use bailey, we banned him
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00043-00012647-00012816 so lets choose other heroes
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00044-00012816-00013121 who should i pick, guys ?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00045-00014644-00015154 okay maybe i will try this line up, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00046-00015154-00015354 i will try this formation
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00047-00015839-00016068 and see if i can win...
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00048-00016123-00016290 lets challenge him now
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00049-00016829-00017166 im not confident with this lineup
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00050-00017195-00017383 but because we have higher heroes level
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00051-00017383-00017583 maybe we can win this
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00052-00018556-00018831 great emma
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00053-00019046-00019284 but our rez already out
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00054-00020401-00020944 okay, we won the first match against Uncle Dx, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00055-00021680-00022022 we won that match, guys..but i feel like if we only tried it once
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00056-00022022-00022130 maybe we just lucky, guys ?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00057-00022130-00022307 lets we attack it once more
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00058-00022348-00022436 Uncle Dx
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00059-00022456-00022717 won against Uncle Dx is expected, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00060-00022717-00023091 as i have much higher level than Uncle Dx
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00061-00023303-00023490 so, its expected to win
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00062-00023591-00023689 but, lets we try once more, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00063-00023689-00023802 we don't know if maybe im just lucky
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00064-00023833-00023931 lets attack once more time
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00065-00024000-00024354 we have alot of ticket, no worries
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00066-00026924-00027341 we won guys, maybe because we are stronger (not because lineup)
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00067-00027390-00027749 we will try higher rank opponent
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00068-00028657-00028883 now we will challenge rank 4, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00069-00028883-00028984 who is on rank 4
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00070-00028984-00029134 Uncle Lucifer, guys...
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00071-00029306-00029502 lets we look at Uncle Lucifer's formation
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00072-00029572-00029747 standard formation
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00073-00029869-00030101 basic formation assassin vanguard team
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00074-00030142-00030365 lets we try same setup lineup like before
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00075-00030507-00030755 i think this one is useless for my team, why im using this
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00076-00030755-00031102 lets change it... with vision stone
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00077-00031178-00031455 because we dont using Gautier, randall not trigger shield
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00078-00031525-00031725 only trigger shield because of flashpoint healing
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00079-00031751-00031931 okay, lets go.....
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00080-00032067-00032266 Uncle Lucifer, lets go
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00081-00033488-00033914 wow his team stun is great (he is using pain rune)
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00082-00034846-00035123 bad...our emma is dead
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00083-00035173-00035365 i think we will lose in this match
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00084-00036116-00036334 all our damage dealer already out
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00085-00036334-00036606 only support heroes lefts
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00086-00036809-00037015 impossible to win this
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00087-00038155-00038469 100% lost already. lets we skip this match guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00088-00038765-00038973 we lost against Uncle Lucifer, guys..
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00089-00038973-00039304 thats mean we should try to change our formation
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00090-00040157-00040354 lets we find Uncle Lucifer
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00091-00040418-00040545 what do you think, guys ??
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00092-00040545-00040630 where is our mistake ?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00093-00040630-00040738 lets watch the previous match
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00094-00040843-00041210 lets watch the previous match and analyze the problem
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00095-00041479-00041668 i will slow the match speed
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00096-00042045-00042439 i think this hero.... our randall...
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00097-00042439-00042597 he is not contributed well
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00098-00044680-00044821 okay okay okay
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00099-00044833-00044940 now, lets try it again
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00100-00045062-00045478 lets try other formation, lets try another lineup
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00101-00046139-00046591 its really hard to beat him
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00102-00046864-00047205 lets we take out randall, but if we took him....
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00103-00047321-00047507 wait a minutes, lets check our heroes HP
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00104-00047507-00047592 the smallest one is.....
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00105-00047763-00047930 the smallest one is SNH
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00106-00048037-00048656 lets take randall out.. and replace him with crete..
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00107-00048734-00049098 lets change this one with Gautier
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00108-00049815-00050052 can we win with this formation, guys ?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00109-00050693-00050864 lets move this guy
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00110-00051630-00051894 change the vision stone with pain rune
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00111-00052477-00052625 what do you think, guys ?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00112-00052767-00053011 lets we try this formation
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00113-00053812-00054201 beating bailey is hard mission, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00114-00054270-00054512 if im using this lineup, his bailey will target SNH
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00115-00054645-00054780 lets using x2 speed to make it fast
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00116-00055528-00055786 wah, my SNH died first
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00117-00056352-00056526 we still lose, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00118-00056790-00057053 oh we win it guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00119-00057093-00057208 only healers left
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00120-00058940-00059171 okay, we success in this match, but
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00121-00059171-00059458 i think we just lucky
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00122-00059458-00059581 lets challenge him again
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00123-00060127-00060463 lets challenge him again
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00124-00060585-00060728 i really think we just lucky
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00125-00061050-00061358 how about rez in back, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00126-00063424-00063694 no matter win or lose, as long as we can learn
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00127-00065858-00065945 lets go emma
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00128-00066353-00066516 win again....
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00129-00066516-00066882 thats mean we are not lucky, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00130-00068452-00068756 now we play again
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00131-00068756-00069168 we will challenge... Uncle Cimol
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00132-00069168-00069368 Uncle Cimol on rank 3
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00133-00069408-00069609 the formation still similar, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00134-00070000-00070298 i think i will try rez on front again
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00135-00071238-00071417 what if SNH in front with rez ?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00136-00071553-00071902 noo... if im using SNH in samerow with rez, the rez will using his skill to SNH
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00137-00071928-00071978 okay okay... lets try this
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00138-00072164-00072565 we are using the same formation like we did against Uncle Lucifer
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00139-00072835-00073105 now we using it against Uncle Cimol
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00140-00073247-00073475 ah, im not put attention on Uncle Cimol's level
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00141-00073591-00074063 his bailey already out by SNH's Ultimate
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00142-00074832-00075100 i think the real challenge is Uncle Bakpau
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00143-00076400-00076560 we won, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00144-00077648-00077867 i will challenge Uncle Bakpau now
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00145-00078321-00078648 can i win against Uncle Bakpau ??
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00146-00078648-00078937 his heroes has higher level than me..218...
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00147-00078937-00079172 and his bailey level 237.. only 3 level left to reach 240
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00148-00079653-00079857 my bailey only 220
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00149-00080124-00080385 we try same formation
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00150-00080385-00081000 rez in front, masrani SNH in middle, and emma crete at back
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00151-00081423-00081629 expected to lose, but its okay
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00152-00082357-00082570 my SNH cannot act until die
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00153-00083892-00084171 i think we lose
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00154-00084339-00085162 sorry guys, my record error
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00155-00085162-00085463 lets watch it again. im lose. got slaughtered
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00156-00088706-00089119 im not on his level, amazing
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00157-00089262-00089383 but lets try again
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00158-00090697-00090965 lets buy ticket.. 2 more...
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00159-00091040-00091414 we still can buy 3 more
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00160-00091840-00092152 how to beat him ? oh lets try this one
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00161-00092822-00093000 bailey must be jump to my SNH
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00162-00093449-00093955 and its not getting protection by masrani's shield
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00163-00093955-00094246 so its make sense to put SNH on back to get shield buff
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00164-00094327-00094550 i put SNH on the back and then go like this
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00165-00094831-00095369 then i put emma on right so she can attack serena, not rez
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00166-00096242-00096457 lets try this one
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00167-00096590-00096793 beating bailey is the hardest
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00168-00098084-00098201 dead again
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00169-00098410-00098898 2 dead......3.......4.....
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00170-00100000-00100186 amazing Uncle Bakpau
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00171-00100186-00100366 he is real sultan
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00172-00101000-00101329 no one from their team die...all of them have fully HP
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00173-00101431-00101583 no worries we can try again
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00174-00102438-00102832 okay, guys.. we already challenge Uncle Bakpau 2 times
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00175-00102986-00103116 we should try agaim
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00176-00103389-00103617 Uncle Bakpau is great, not gonna lie
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00177-00106741-00107196 lets we try other line up
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00178-00107364-00108183 also try using brynhild and vision stone
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00179-00108427-00108869 and change this to whatever as im not using tank/vanguard so its useless
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00180-00109086-00109268 can we win this match ?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00181-00109767-00109926 maybe put randall in front will be better
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00182-00110730-00110852 who have higher HP?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00183-00111109-00111256 too low
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00184-00112091-00112453 okay guys, we dont give up. we will challenge him until we can win
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00185-00112804-00113156 even if we got slaughtered, we should not give up
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00186-00115029-00115196 still cannot win
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00187-00115405-00115652 how to beat his bailey
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00188-00117099-00117414 should we using 2 healers?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00189-00118757-00119200 its already 3 times we got beaten
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00190-00126226-00126564 i think we dont have chance to beat him
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00191-00126770-00126966 even if im using bailey i will lose
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00192-00127700-00128018 2 healers.....
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00193-00130580-00131145 lets replace SNH...we use....
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00194-00134350-00134512 maybe i should use bohr ?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00195-00135846-00136262 okay guys, after im trying to change formation
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00196-00136262-00136576 im will challenge Uncle Bakpau again with this formation
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00197-00136883-00137145 im not expected to win
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00198-00137354-00137509 but who knows ?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00199-00138600-00138954 im little curious with hyupnos
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00200-00139706-00139861 but my hyupnos evolve still low rank
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00201-00139981-00140056 i cant do anything to beat him
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00202-00141426-00141575 let try again
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00203-00141691-00142180 win or lose no matter guys, as long as we happy
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00204-00142272-00142494 trying in and out
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00205-00143170-00143587 why his bailey targeting my masrani
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00206-00143680-00143956 masrani out
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00207-00145252-00145652 got bullied again, guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00208-00146478-00146921 how to beat him, guys ?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00209-00147527-00148141 we already challenge him 4 times and always lost
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00210-00148811-00149176 if i did this for 1 week. my rank will drop low
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00211-00149595-00150015 but its okay, we trying to figured out something
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00212-00153740-00154182 i will attacking him until i run out of ticket
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00213-00154460-00154832 i will attacking him until i run out of ticket
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00214-00155969-00156508 should i put emma in front ? but, it doesnt give any bonus
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00215-00159819-00160513 i cannot do this, rez cant be with anyone except emma
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00216-00160568-00160798 cannot put him with crete
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00217-00161381-00161553 lets try again
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00218-00161690-00161779 wait a minute
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00219-00163363-00163555 what if im using this ?
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00220-00164692-00164901 lets try desperate formation
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00221-00166531-00166766 SNH cant act
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00222-00167732-00168271 my emma dead in 1 skill
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00223-00168355-00168690 we dont have hitter anymore
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00224-00169111-00169356 team got disband quick
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00225-00169356-00169957 because bailey and rez is very good partnership
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00226-00171094-00171626 5 times we lost guys
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00227-00172160-00172441 this one last ticket
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00228-00172579-00173069 my pvp point still have far from rank 3, so its fine
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00229-00174717-00175503 after take alot of time, im choose this formation to play
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00230-00175503-00175703 this is the last ticket for today
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00231-00175972-00176194 lets we find out
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00232-00178126-00178424 my randall dead cannot be avoided
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00233-00179650-00179984 die again....
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00234-00180169-00180493 turn out, my line up is not enough
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00235-00182677-00183259 i got bullied by Uncle Bakpau
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00236-00183562-00183882 okay guys, thats my last ticket
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00237-00183975-00184512 we lost 6 times in total
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00238-00184640-00185087 but, our adventure not ended today...
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00239-00185087-00185536 tomorrow when the ticket refill, lets continue our journey
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00240-00185536-00185827 we challenge bailey without bailey
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00241-00185870-00186125 we still not success so far
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00242-00186293-00186460 we must optimism, guys..
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00243-00187000-00187600 this formation, is really strong
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00244-00187600-00187908 i always use this formation for defend
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00245-00187908-00188141 and usually im using this formation for attack
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00246-00188478-00188630 but im pretty sure guys...
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00247-00188659-00189000 there is a way to beat bailey, im just not figured it out yet
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00248-00189145-00189549 okay guys, thats from me today
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00249-00189549-00189941 if you like my content, please subscribe
+PMFHHsUWeEM-00250-00190000-00190053 thank you
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00000-00000000-00000204 >> On today's Visual Studio Toolbox,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00001-00000204-00000520 we continue looking at the profiling tools in Visual Studio,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00002-00000520-00000972 and Sagar is going to show us how you profile asynchronous code.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00003-00000972-00001482 [MUSIC]
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00004-00001482-00001671 >> Hi, welcome to Visual Studio Toolbox.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00005-00001671-00001794 I'm your host Robert Green.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00006-00001794-00001950 I'm guest hosting today,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00007-00001950-00002052 filling in for Leslie.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00008-00002052-00002199 I'll be doing this from time to time.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00009-00002199-00002383 It's great to see you all again.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00010-00002383-00002625 Today, my guest is Sagar Shetty.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00011-00002625-00002800 Hey, Sagar. How are you?
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00012-00002800-00003013 >> I'm doing great, Robert. How are you doing?
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00013-00003013-00003160 >> Excellent, excellent.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00014-00003160-00003597 We are continuing our deep dive into the profiling tools,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00015-00003597-00004022 and today, you're going to tell us all about the.NET Async tool,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00016-00004022-00004355 which gives us the ability to profile asynchronous code.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00017-00004355-00004574 Very exciting. I think that's
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00018-00004574-00004841 interesting because async code works a little bit
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00019-00004841-00005069 differently than sync code
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00020-00005069-00005383 or regular code or whoever you want to call it.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00021-00005383-00005564 >> Yeah, absolutely. Robert, I
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00022-00005564-00005699 thought it would be a good idea to start with
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00023-00005699-00005885 establishing a foundation for
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00024-00005885-00006035 what even is asynchronous programming.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00025-00006035-00006239 It's a buzzword you hear a lot of the time,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00026-00006239-00006533 and I think a good way to think about it is to use an analogy.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00027-00006533-00006833 But first a high level of what asynchronous programming is,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00028-00006833-00006962 the basic idea is,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00029-00006962-00007257 you can run multiple tasks simultaneously,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00030-00007257-00007376 and there's a few caveats here,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00031-00007376-00007733 so long as the task don't depend on each other,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00032-00007733-00008034 and so long as that the task don't share the same resources.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00033-00008034-00008294 Let's use an analogy to help simplify this a bit.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00034-00008294-00008594 I think cooking and baking and like being in the kitchen in
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00035-00008594-00008897 general is a very popular analogy for asynchronous work.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00036-00008897-00009119 Because let's just say we wanted to make some breakfast,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00037-00009119-00009383 and we wanted to say fry some eggs,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00038-00009383-00009566 toast some bread, make some toast,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00039-00009566-00009719 and pour some orange juice.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00040-00009719-00010048 If we go through a "synchronous workflow," essentially,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00041-00010048-00010452 what that would look like is maybe we take out a frying pan,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00042-00010452-00010568 we fry our eggs, we do
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00043-00010568-00010795 nothing but just stare at the eggs while they're frying.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00044-00010795-00010956 Then once that's done,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00045-00010956-00011099 we move on to the next task,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00046-00011099-00011354 maybe we throw some bread in a toaster and make some toast,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00047-00011354-00011579 and then we do nothing while that's toasting.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00048-00011579-00011835 Then once that's done, we pour a glass of orange juice.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00049-00011835-00012122 Obviously, we know if you have any experience cooking that,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00050-00012122-00012294 you don't necessarily need to wait
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00051-00012294-00012533 on one task to finish before you start another one.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00052-00012533-00012777 Asynchronously, what that might look like is okay,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00053-00012777-00012936 you take out the frying pan,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00054-00012936-00013238 you put the eggs in, and then while that's frying,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00055-00013238-00013388 you go ahead and put the bread in the toaster,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00056-00013388-00013490 and then while that's toasting,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00057-00013490-00013647 you just pour a glass of orange juice.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00058-00013647-00013808 Instead of taking 10 minutes,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00059-00013808-00013961 maybe it takes three minutes.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00060-00013961-00014135 The reason why you can do these things
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00061-00014135-00014294 asynchronously in that analogy is,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00062-00014294-00014441 one, tasks don't depend
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00063-00014441-00014592 on each other again, that's point number 1.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00064-00014592-00014868 You don't need fried eggs to make toast.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00065-00014868-00015097 Two, you're not sharing the same resources.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00066-00015097-00015254 In the cooking analogy, that would be like,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00067-00015254-00015618 you don't need a frying pan to toast bread, you need a toaster.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00068-00015618-00015807 They're using different tools.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00069-00015807-00016063 At a high level, basically, the point is,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00070-00016063-00016391 you don't want to be sitting around waiting for a task to finish,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00071-00016391-00016532 if you don't need to wait on them.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00072-00016532-00016767 Computers work the same way.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00073-00016767-00016981 Computers are composed of threads
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00074-00016981-00017284 which are the cooks in the kitchen, if you will.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00075-00017284-00017558 The computers that you know, even modern computers,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00076-00017558-00017699 have hundreds of thousands of
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00077-00017699-00017976 operations that they need to execute even a second.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00078-00017976-00018344 These are complex mathematical computations.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00079-00018344-00018509 All sorts of database calls,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00080-00018509-00018755 reading and writing TextFiles, setting, appliance, etc,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00081-00018755-00018887 and if we were sitting around
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00082-00018887-00019022 doing everything synchronously waiting
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00083-00019022-00019295 for one task to finish before starting another one,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00084-00019295-00019482 things would just never get done, right?
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00085-00019482-00019895 The big takeaway here is that this asynchronous framework and
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00086-00019895-00020108 programming is very much ingrained in
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00087-00020108-00020231 ASP.net core and a lot of
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00088-00020231-00020408 modern frameworks, and it's for good reason.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00089-00020408-00020636 Because essentially, what you're trying to do is
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00090-00020636-00020846 increase the throughput of your application,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00091-00020846-00021074 and increase the bandwidth of what you're capable of.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00092-00021074-00021365 Yeah, that's asynchronous programming in a nutshell.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00093-00021365-00021542 The Async tool, well,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00094-00021542-00021824 which is one of our many tools in the profiling suite,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00095-00021824-00022001 is a tool targeted towards getting
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00096-00022001-00022269 a better understanding of asynchronous tasks.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00097-00022269-00022619 >> Is this a new tool? Has it been around awhile?
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00098-00022619-00022844 >> At this point, it's been around for a few months.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00099-00022844-00022997 We'll be close to a year now, means how time
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00100-00022997-00023153 flies in today's day and age,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00101-00023153-00023387 but it is a relatively newer tool,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00102-00023387-00023543 and one thing I'll stress is that
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00103-00023543-00023716 it's still very much a work in progress,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00104-00023716-00023882 and I'll allude to some things that we're doing to
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00105-00023882-00024110 develop and find it. Yeah.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00106-00024110-00024356 >> Well, it's always many people's understanding
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00107-00024356-00024563 of asynchronous code in the first place,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00108-00024563-00024824 so I guess that matches.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00109-00024824-00024966 >> Yeah, exactly.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00110-00024966-00025328 >> It's been asynchronously call a web API,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00111-00025328-00025607 but there's more you can do with it.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00112-00025607-00025800 >> Yeah, absolutely.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00113-00025800-00026069 C-sharp and.NET definitely has quite a lot
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00114-00026069-00026360 of support for asynchronous.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00115-00026360-00026630 I mean, like I said, it's very much baked into the.NET framework.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00116-00026630-00026818 We have the Async and Await keywords,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00117-00026818-00026926 but like you suggested, Robert,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00118-00026926-00027031 it is more than that.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00119-00027031-00027273 It's not just using a few key words here and there.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00120-00027273-00027470 Hopefully, our profiling tool, the Async tool,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00121-00027470-00027617 will help you detect and
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00122-00027617-00027864 optimize issues with your asynchronous code.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00123-00027864-00028002 >> Let's see how it works.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00124-00028002-00028254 >> Yeah, so let's just jump straight into VS.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00125-00028254-00028532 I have a Web Application here,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00126-00028532-00028724 shout out to our colleague
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00127-00028724-00028931 Mark Downie on the Production Diagnostics Team.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00128-00028931-00029183 Hopefully, we'll be seeing him in a future episode.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00129-00029183-00029675 But yeah, we have a basic ASP.net core web application.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00130-00029675-00029924 Essentially, what's happening here is I'll
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00131-00029924-00030143 go ahead and launch the profiler summary page,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00132-00030143-00030362 so that as everyone's probably MRIs by now,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00133-00030362-00030636 it's the Alt F2 shortcut.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00134-00030636-00030920 We have our summary page. I have the Async tool selected.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00135-00030920-00031100 I also have the CPU usage still selected.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00136-00031100-00031235 We've mentioned this in the past,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00137-00031235-00031448 but one concept within the profiler is
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00138-00031448-00031714 this idea that you can use multiple tools simultaneously.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00139-00031714-00031883 Hopefully, by the end of the demo,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00140-00031883-00032156 I can at least allude to early showcase a reason
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00141-00032156-00032487 why you'd want these two tools in particular paired together.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00142-00032487-00032790 We're going to go ahead and start this.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00143-00032794-00033014 This is going to start, this is going to
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00144-00033014-00033275 launch the web application.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00145-00033275-00033569 I'm going to go ahead and record a CPU profile.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00146-00033569-00033779 This is also collecting the CPU data,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00147-00033779-00034136 that Esther Borne talked about in an earlier episode.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00148-00034136-00034425 In fact, let me grab a URL real quick.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00149-00034425-00034574 This is essentially I'm going to generate
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00150-00034574-00034795 a payload within this application.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00151-00034795-00035027 This app is not necessarily meant to be
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00152-00035027-00035228 this crazy end-to-end experience,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00153-00035228-00035375 it's more just to operate
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00154-00035375-00035537 with a few interesting asynchronous functions,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00155-00035537-00035691 which we'll see in a second here,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00156-00035691-00035864 and just give us some data to
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00157-00035864-00036113 highlight some of the insights that the Async tool provides.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00158-00036113-00036344 I'm just going to expand this,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00159-00036344-00036561 I'll show you what this is doing in a second, but essentially,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00160-00036561-00036884 it's just triggering reading from a text file.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00161-00036884-00037070 Then we're going to stop collection here.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00162-00037070-00037209 This is going to load.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00163-00037209-00037403 I've actually prepared a dataset ahead of time,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00164-00037403-00037518 but that was kind of the workflow,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00165-00037518-00037691 what you do to start this up.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00166-00037691-00038078 Now, let's dig into the Async tool in particular.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00167-00038078-00038265 We're looking at the support, Robert,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00168-00038265-00038408 we've got a couple of columns here,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00169-00038408-00038661 and I want to start at the far left with the name column.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00170-00038661-00038987 We talked about at the heart of asynchronous work,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00171-00038987-00039341 our different tasks operating simultaneously.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00172-00039341-00039569 In a lot of other profiling tools,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00173-00039569-00039773 we have this idea of a call stack,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00174-00039773-00040059 or a function calling another function, calling another function.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00175-00040059-00040260 In the Async tool,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00176-00040260-00040409 we have this name column,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00177-00040409-00040814 and each of these nodes corresponds to a particular task.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00178-00040814-00041160 You can think of these as task chains,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00179-00041160-00041441 if you will, task calling other tasks, calling other tasks.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00180-00041441-00041708 The tasks are generally generated using the Async and
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00181-00041708-00042039 Await keywords in C# and.NET.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00182-00042039-00042296 We've got different tasks chains here,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00183-00042296-00042474 different tasks that are happening.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00184-00042474-00042762 In addition, some tasks happen multiple times,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00185-00042762-00042950 so we have an account that's keeping track of
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00186-00042950-00043270 how many times we saw that task occurring and executing.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00187-00043270-00043562 In addition to that, we have some timestamps,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00188-00043562-00043725 so we have the Start Time.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00189-00043725-00044037 This Start Time corresponds to the first time we see
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00190-00044037-00044353 the very first instance of this particular task occurring.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00191-00044353-00044586 The End Time corresponds to when we
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00192-00044586-00044818 see the end of the last instance.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00193-00044818-00045052 There are four versions of this particular task.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00194-00045052-00045325 This is the end of when the last one ended.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00195-00045325-00045573 This Total Time is not necessarily always
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00196-00045573-00045771 the total time elapsed over the course of all four,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00197-00045771-00045999 but just the average time for each given one.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00198-00045999-00046215 We've got a few high level metrics here.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00199-00046215-00046398 In general, what's I think interesting with
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00200-00046398-00046661 the Async tool and the kind of metrics you want to code
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00201-00046661-00046844 in on our Counts and then Total
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00202-00046844-00047066 Time because we want to see essentially
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00203-00047066-00047219 tasks that are really holding up
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00204-00047219-00047573 our thread pool and not allowing us to progress further,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00205-00047573-00047717 so either tasks that are happening
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00206-00047717-00048010 a lot or tasks that are taking a long time.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00207-00048010-00048448 If we start to dig in to some of these task chains here,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00208-00048448-00048732 this one looks interesting because it happens 22 times,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00209-00048732-00049042 and in general, it seems to be taking a bit longer.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00210-00049042-00049275 Let's look into this. This was also
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00211-00049275-00049440 the same payload I was generating
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00212-00049440-00049668 using the sync over Async result task.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00213-00049668-00049833 This is the top-level node,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00214-00049833-00050083 and now I want to dig into this a little bit more.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00215-00050083-00050412 First of all, I saw that that task is top-level mode.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00216-00050412-00050631 It was, in general, taking more than a lot of other tasks,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00217-00050631-00050944 but when I go into it and see the task it's calling,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00218-00050944-00051198 we see some more interesting information.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00219-00051198-00051507 For example, this Task.Delay is taking
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00220-00051507-00051905 way longer than all these other tasks,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00221-00051905-00052101 and so this is something that we would look at,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00222-00052101-00052254 and I'm going to go to the code in a second so we can
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00223-00052254-00052444 see exactly where this is in the code.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00224-00052444-00052626 But this is something we can look to potentially
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00225-00052626-00052890 optimize because this is taking way longer than other tasks,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00226-00052890-00053050 and the odds are, and in this case it is,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00227-00053050-00053244 it's holding up the thread pool a bit,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00228-00053244-00053379 and so this task is getting into it.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00229-00053379-00053780 >> Again, this is the average over the 20 or so times it ran,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00230-00053780-00053964 or the total limit of 20?
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00231-00053964-00054103 >> This is the average.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00232-00054103-00054333 >> Can you tell the individual ones,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00233-00054333-00054684 maybe one of the 20 took way longer,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00234-00054684-00054897 but all the other ones worked well?
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00235-00054897-00055140 >> Perfect, Sagar. I really appreciate that.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00236-00055140-00055524 [OVERLAPPING] We did it.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00237-00055524-00055732 As you dig into the nodes,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00238-00055732-00055935 you can go into more and more details view.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00239-00055935-00056184 In this case, we'll keep going into Task.Delay,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00240-00056184-00056349 and just as you suggest,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00241-00056349-00056460 Robert, we can go into
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00242-00056460-00056775 individual instances. Two things I'll call out here.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00243-00056775-00056930 One is we have a bucket,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00244-00056930-00057072 so there's 22 of them,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00245-00057072-00057375 17 of them are classified as within normal variance,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00246-00057375-00057534 so they were kind of close to the average.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00247-00057534-00057678 Then we have some outliers.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00248-00057678-00057922 These outliers might be really interesting.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00249-00057922-00058278 If there was one particular example that really stood out,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00250-00058278-00058456 we'd want to look into this a bit more.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00251-00058456-00058725 Of course, we can also see just our normal variances as well,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00252-00058725-00058974 and for each of these individual instances,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00253-00058974-00059157 we can also get all the start time,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00254-00059157-00059505 the end time, and then its total time.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00255-00059530-00059808 >> [inaudible] lines and one of them was horrible,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00256-00059808-00059988 and the other 21 were fine,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00257-00059988-00060116 It's just an anomaly,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00258-00060116-00060342 something to look out for.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00259-00060347-00060579 >> Yeah, absolutely.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00260-00060579-00060726 Another thing I'll say,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00261-00060726-00060891 and this is I want to
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00262-00060891-00061055 emphasize going back something I said earlier,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00263-00061055-00061197 this tool is still very much a work in
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00264-00061197-00061491 progress and something that you're going to see in
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00265-00061491-00061829 the next couple of versions 69 specifically is what
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00266-00061829-00062235 we're kind of aiming for for a few updates is the idea.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00267-00062235-00062478 In previous episodes, we've kind of talked about
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00268-00062478-00062731 the swimlane up here and you can kind of time filter,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00269-00062731-00062980 and as [inaudible] mentioned in a previous episode,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00270-00062980-00063087 if you're running multiple tools.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00271-00063087-00063273 We do have the CPUs, each tool up here.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00272-00063273-00063479 If you're time filtering that similarly,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00273-00063479-00063820 and it will filter down the time for across all the tools you ran.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00274-00063820-00064079 In particular, Robert, like let's say you were interested in
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00275-00064079-00064357 this particular task delay because it took a lot of time,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00276-00064357-00064531 right now, you'd have to manually
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00277-00064531-00064732 find these timestamps and filter that down.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00278-00064732-00064996 In the future in the 69, when you right-click,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00279-00064996-00065154 this button is not shown here yet,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00280-00065154-00065538 but we will have a time filter by this specific range.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00281-00065538-00065703 For this specific tasks,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00282-00065703-00065968 so then you can be able to then go to say,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00283-00065968-00066291 the CPU usage tool and do a deeper dive of,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00284-00066291-00066609 hey, okay, so this one task instance was a bit off,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00285-00066609-00066738 what was going on in
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00286-00066738-00066921 the call stack here and what functions are being called,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00287-00066921-00067159 what hot paths were being triggered here, right?
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00288-00067159-00067332 You can do that deeper dive because
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00289-00067332-00067503 the async tool is a little bit more surface level,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00290-00067503-00067737 but the CPU async tool is more than heavy hitters.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00291-00067737-00068014 That's how our tools are playing together a bit.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00292-00068014-00068247 All right, so last thing I want to talk about
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00293-00068247-00068475 here is ultimately going back to code, right?
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00294-00068475-00068619 We talked a lot about with a lot of
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00295-00068619-00068865 different profiling tools that at the end of the day,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00296-00068865-00069105 we want to optimize performance and we want to bring you,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00297-00069105-00069348 the user back to your own source code that you
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00298-00069348-00069630 can actually manipulate and change to help optimize performance.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00299-00069630-00069882 Just wanted to show that here. With the async tool,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00300-00069882-00070020 we've been going through this view.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00301-00070020-00070164 We've seen that this task,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00302-00070164-00070342 deleted task is a bit problematic.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00303-00070342-00070498 It's taking a lot longer,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00304-00070498-00070830 and other tasks, symbols are not being my best friend today.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00305-00070830-00070987 Normally, you'd be able to go to source file.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00306-00070987-00071178 I have the code up, so I'll just navigate to
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00307-00071178-00071574 the function manually going through some of the code here.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00308-00071574-00071853 This was the URL that generated that payload from
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00309-00071853-00072186 before and essentially be coming into this particular method,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00310-00072186-00072303 sync over async results,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00311-00072303-00072444 and essentially what's happening every time
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00312-00072444-00072609 this is hit is we're reading from
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00313-00072609-00073047 a text file and there is a read text async method here,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00314-00073047-00073188 and I want to go into that because that
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00315-00073188-00073375 will be particularly interesting.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00316-00073375-00073731 Now, once we go into this particular asynchronous task,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00317-00073731-00074174 we see that here is the task delay within that asynchronous task,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00318-00074174-00074342 and to be honest, Robert, like this
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00319-00074342-00074609 Task.Delay is a placeholder you can imagine,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00320-00074609-00074735 this just as easily could have been
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00321-00074735-00075048 some call to a rest API or database.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00322-00075048-00075288 It's very realistic that some other call could have been here that
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00323-00075288-00075598 would take it three seconds or whatever however long.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00324-00075598-00075897 It's important to note that in this case,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00325-00075897-00076180 this Task.Delay is holding up everything else.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00326-00076180-00076381 This is written in a synchronous nature.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00327-00076381-00076560 What you would want here is another
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00328-00076560-00076852 awaits even if you had your rest API call or whatever.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00329-00076852-00077055 It's not holding up everything.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00330-00077055-00077262 In this case we can delete it or if
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00331-00077262-00077445 it was some call you actually didn't need,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00332-00077445-00077676 make sure it's written in an asynchronous way.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00333-00077676-00077907 But yeah, that's how you go back to
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00334-00077907-00078183 source and can play around the async tool.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00335-00078183-00078477 Not necessarily for the deep dives per se,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00336-00078477-00078789 but much more by giving you the high level insights to further
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00337-00078789-00078927 investigate into your code and
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00338-00078927-00079158 point out problematic asynchronous tasks.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00339-00079158-00079294 >> Awesome.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00340-00079294-00079468 >> Yeah.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00341-00079577-00079927 >> Where do you see this tool going in the future?
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00342-00079927-00080259 >> Yeah, we we definitely have a lot of plans for it.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00343-00080259-00080517 A lot of designs in the works.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00344-00080517-00080730 Like I said, there's some usability things
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00345-00080730-00080835 coming into play with being
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00346-00080835-00081159 able to filter down by specific task time ranges,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00347-00081159-00081390 you don't have to manually just like guess in
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00348-00081390-00081714 the swim lane where a specific millisecond is.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00349-00081714-00082140 Additionally, I don't know if it fully showed up in VS today,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00350-00082140-00082426 but a lot of the tasks names
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00351-00082426-00082768 end with like DLLs and things that are not particularly readable.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00352-00082768-00083148 A lot of that comes from a lack of symbol support.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00353-00083148-00083340 We're working on that, so ready to run symbols
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00354-00083340-00083535 and other symbols are going to be more and more supported.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00355-00083535-00083880 That also is in the 69 time range I alluded to earlier,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00356-00083880-00084223 so some increased readability in terms of tasks,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00357-00084223-00084393 and then big picture,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00358-00084393-00084720 we really just want to help visualize these tasks, right?
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00359-00084720-00084862 It's tricky because a lot of these tasks are
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00360-00084862-00085084 overlapping and running simultaneously.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00361-00085084-00085308 Right now, we have this tree grid view,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00362-00085308-00085488 which is pretty popular in the profiler,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00363-00085488-00085794 but I don't have any finalized designs to share today,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00364-00085794-00086070 but let's just say we're really interested in making
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00365-00086070-00086383 that visual experience a lot more intuitive and accessible.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00366-00086383-00086582 That's where we see the async tool going,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00367-00086582-00086702 at least in the short term,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00368-00086702-00086897 but also like [inaudible] said,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00369-00086897-00087041 like a database, for example,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00370-00087041-00087206 would love to hear feedback because this
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00371-00087206-00087376 is a tool that we still very much wants to polish,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00372-00087376-00087498 and really all of our tools,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00373-00087498-00087686 we'd love to hear feedback as we're very much in
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00374-00087686-00087971 a polish mode and want to really refine it, and yeah,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00375-00087971-00088223 if you want to learn more about any of these tools,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00376-00088223-00088460 we'll make sure the docs that are linked,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00377-00088460-00088810 I think you should be seeing now is the main homepage.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00378-00088810-00088976 But yeah, at that homepage,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00379-00088976-00089121 you'll see individual toolbox,
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00380-00089121-00089268 async tool B among them.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00381-00089268-00089420 Yeah, feel free to give us feedback on
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00382-00089420-00089578 the docks stream, would love to hear.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00383-00089578-00089730 >> Very cool, very cool.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00384-00089730-00089931 Thanks for showing this to us this awesome stuff.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00385-00089931-00090170 It's a very handy tool to have as
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00386-00090170-00090510 are all of these profiling tools. Thank you.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00387-00090510-00090755 >> Yeah, thanks for having me, Robert. Fun is always.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00388-00090755-00091010 >> All right. We'll see you next time on
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00389-00091010-00091284 Visual Studio Toolbox and happy profiling.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00390-00091284-00091397 >> Happy profiling.
+PSzI3s6XiYo-00391-00091397-00092600 [MUSIC]
+PSFWe7EPxhc-00001-00000872-00000972 HIT BELL TO GET NOTIFICATIONS!
+PSFWe7EPxhc-00004-00001602-00001851 HIT BELL TO GET NOTIFIED!
+PVmsECn0IXu-00000-00000040-00000320 Now you're finished and here's a few top tips.
+PVmsECn0IXu-00001-00000616-00001288 If you find the hand on hand technique a little tricky why not check out this tip. We call it the
+PVmsECn0IXu-00002-00001288-00001832 "brush after brush" technique. This is where one person brushes first and then you swap,
+PVmsECn0IXu-00003-00001896-00002984 so as both you and your helper get a chance to brush your teeth.
+PWMlgrDGNFE-00000-00000786-00001430 Subribe for more videos
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00000-00000024-00000276 Za wema che mata Latefa Waka che kama  latefa darta maloma e
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00001-00000328-00000463 Latefa aw
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00002-00000501-00000630 Da Yaw Kas agha
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00004-00000876-00001154 Amrod ba e Kharsawala aw awaz be kawl
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00005-00001170-00001470 pa 100 Ruoe Kelo de amrod pa 100Rupoe kelo de
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00006-00001470-00001800 Aw wel e che yaw chenje pake cha bya umando nu
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00007-00001826-00002116 zar rupe inam dy bas yaw sary raghy 2kelo amrod e te wakhista
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00008-00002116-00002389 aw bas warta wela e dagha de
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00009-00002429-00002731 Da kho pa har yaw amrod ke  da shalo na hom der de
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00010-00002731-00003068 aw ta wel che pa 1 chenji bande zar rupe inam dy kana
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00011-00003068-00003340 No agha warta we che ma kho da 1 chenji zamaware akhiste da da zaro kho me nada akhiste
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00013-00004237-00004475 Kany o pake de wawre rasara duka ukara hahahaha
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00015-00004713-00004813 Da Sa shy dy
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00016-00004874-00004999 da Shetingo
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00017-00005044-00005315 da khwre e che ma bottal khtam ko bya rata pata ulageda
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00018-00005315-00005616 Rosta me soch uko da kho khalak
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00019-00005616-00005756 zanla pa wowra bande acha we
+PakVJ8v1evQ-00020-00005816-00005993 da akhere pate wa dame zanta pade wachelo
+Pft_iGddzMU-00000-00000206-00000802 Tonnes of plastic is dumped across the world every single day.
+Pft_iGddzMU-00001-00000927-00001338 We can't keep abusing our planet like this. But we are doing something about it
+Pft_iGddzMU-00002-00001448-00001920 From the Clean Air Act in 1956 to Margaret Thatcher's landmark address to
+Pft_iGddzMU-00003-00001920-00002364 the United Nations in 1989 where she warned of irretrievable damage to our
+Pft_iGddzMU-00004-00002364-00002826 atmosphere, to our oceans, to the planet itself, Conservatives in government have
+Pft_iGddzMU-00005-00002826-00003240 a record of tackling the threats that face our planet.
+Pft_iGddzMU-00006-00003274-00003815 At the end of last year we launched the new resources and waste strategy to make sure that we as a
+Pft_iGddzMU-00007-00003815-00004096 nation play our part.
+Pft_iGddzMU-00008-00004138-00004733 I'm here at a recycling centre in London to talk to an expert. So Richard can you explain what actually
+Pft_iGddzMU-00009-00004734-00004876 happens here?
+Pft_iGddzMU-00010-00004876-00005232 Well this is London's largest the newest urban mine where we
+Pft_iGddzMU-00011-00005232-00005681 collect materials from people's houses that we turn back into raw materials to
+Pft_iGddzMU-00012-00005682-00005838 make new products - recycling.
+Pft_iGddzMU-00013-00005856-00006276 And what can people at home do to try and improve recycling rates?
+Pft_iGddzMU-00014-00006276-00006508 Well recycling is really worthwhile for
+Pft_iGddzMU-00015-00006509-00006872 the householder. If you read the instructions on packaging and you read
+Pft_iGddzMU-00016-00006873-00007218 the leaflet from your local authority it tells you what to do and that will save
+Pft_iGddzMU-00017-00007218-00007554 council tax and it will save the planet at the same time. What should the
+Pft_iGddzMU-00018-00007554-00007920 government be doing now? Well the government has brought together a number
+Pft_iGddzMU-00019-00007920-00008466 of things such as deposit return schemes, packaging taxes, into a new policy called
+Pft_iGddzMU-00020-00008466-00008850 the Wasting Resources Strategy which is going to change the way we manage waste
+Pft_iGddzMU-00021-00008850-00009348 in the UK for the better. Our new resources and waste strategy will cut
+Pft_iGddzMU-00022-00009348-00009801 our reliance on single-use plastics any confusion over household recycling and
+Pft_iGddzMU-00023-00009801-00010323 tackle the problem of excess packaging by making polluters pay. Unnecessary
+Pft_iGddzMU-00024-00010323-00010836 packaging covers so much of what we buy. These plastics are used for such a short
+Pft_iGddzMU-00025-00010836-00011229 period of time yet last in the environment for centuries. We need to
+Pft_iGddzMU-00026-00011229-00011817 increase how much we recycle and improve how we do it. We have previously failed
+Pft_iGddzMU-00027-00011817-00012198 to see the true environmental costs of these products and now we're paying a
+Pft_iGddzMU-00028-00012198-00012506 price. The new strategy will make producers pay
+Pft_iGddzMU-00029-00012506-00013042 the full cost of disposing or recycling their packaging and thus make them fully
+Pft_iGddzMU-00030-00013042-00013577 accountable for any excessive waste. With businesses having to pay higher fees if
+Pft_iGddzMU-00031-00013577-00014015 their products are harder to reuse or recycle, it will give them a powerful
+Pft_iGddzMU-00032-00014015-00014474 incentive to produce more sustainable designs. The money raised will go to
+Pft_iGddzMU-00033-00014474-00014888 councils to help them improve waste and recycling systems. With consistent
+Pft_iGddzMU-00034-00014888-00015266 labeling it will make it easier for people to know exactly what they should
+Pft_iGddzMU-00035-00015266-00015800 put in which bin. The strategy builds on existing government work to reduce
+Pft_iGddzMU-00036-00015800-00016448 excessive waste including: a world-leading ban on microbeads; the 5p
+Pft_iGddzMU-00037-00016448-00016958 plastic bag charge which has helped take 15 billion single-use plastic bags out
+Pft_iGddzMU-00038-00016958-00017441 of circulation; and a 15 million pound pilot scheme to help reduce food waste.
+Pft_iGddzMU-00039-00017441-00018062 As a nation we need to come together and stop being a throwaway society so that
+Pft_iGddzMU-00040-00018062-00018645 we can leave our planet in a better state for future generations.
+PioROOWZusY-00000-00000000-00000200 Introduction to Resident Evil 9
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00000-00000100-00000520 WARNING:The Following video contained flashing lights and images.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00001-00000520-00000811 Viewer Discretion is advised.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00002-00000864-00001938 RPC-135 TV Head | Object class Beta-Orange
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00003-00001973-00002298 Registered Phenomena Code: 135
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00004-00002299-00002483 Object Class: Beta-Orange
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00005-00002483-00003332 Hazard Types: Mechanical Hazard, Extra-Dimensional Hazard, Visual Hazard, Emotional-Hazard
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00006-00003332-00004173 Containment Protocols: RPC-135 is contained within a standard containment chamber in Site-015.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00007-00004173-00004552 This containment chamber is to be secured with a magnetically sealed double-airlock
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00008-00004552-00004652 door.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00009-00004652-00005264 Two ASF personnel are required to stand within range outside of RPC-135's containment chamber
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00010-00005264-00005471 after testing.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00011-00005471-00006016 This is to ensure RPC-135 will not re-materialize outside of the testing chamber if there are
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00012-00006016-00006335 no human presence within its vicinity.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00013-00006335-00006875 Any test subjects exposed to RPC-135 are to be removed from the containment chamber before
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00014-00006875-00007192 performing additional testing.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00015-00007192-00007688 Psychological evaluations and mandatory psychiatric treatments are required for any test subjects
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00016-00007688-00007995 who have worked with RPC-135.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00017-00007995-00008459 Amnestics can be administered if a subject's condition does not improve.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00018-00008459-00008990 Should RPC-135 breach containment, ensure civilian and research personnel are escorted
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00019-00008990-00009242 into the nearest room.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00020-00009242-00009611 Security personnel are to utilize the site's surveillance equipment to track RPC-135.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00021-00009611-00010338 One CSD personnel will be used to keep the entity in place for ASF to move onto a mobile
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00022-00010338-00010529 containment transfer unit.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00023-00010529-00011111 it is imperative that ASF personnel must avoid direct eye contact with the screen when recovering
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00024-00011111-00011260 the entity.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00025-00011260-00011815 Description: RPC-135 is a clothed iron statue.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00026-00011815-00012557 The object is approximately 1.8 meters tall, weighing 227 Kilograms and bearing a CRT TV
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00027-00012557-00012819 in place of its neck.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00028-00012819-00013363 The anomaly constantly broadcasts a rapid sequence of random cosmological imagery representing
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00029-00013363-00013569 a signal pattern.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00030-00013569-00014268 This pattern is a method for RPC-135 influence its victims and communicate with them.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00031-00014268-00014737 This signal pattern also triggers an emotional response to those who observe the entity for
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00032-00014737-00014947 an extended period of time.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00033-00014947-00015309 The source of the broadcast cannot be traced.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00034-00015309-00016028 RPC-135 will always remain motionless even upon activation when in the presence of humans.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00035-00016028-00016634 If there is no indication of a human presence in visual range, RPC-135 will instantaneously
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00036-00016634-00017147 re-materialize near any living human within a ten meter radius if there are no obstructions
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00037-00017147-00017455 between it and the anomaly's target.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00038-00017455-00017869 How this is possible is unclear and research is ongoing.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00039-00017869-00018440 Upon making visual contact with the anomaly, test subjects will become entranced and stare
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00040-00018440-00018703 into the anomaly's CRT screen.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00041-00018703-00019383 In most cases, the subject will approach RPC-135 and attempt to make physical contact.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00042-00019383-00019892 RPC-135's screen will then turn to static as the test subject climbs into the screen
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00043-00019892-00020020 and vanish.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00044-00020020-00020496 How this occurs (as the screen is too small for an adult human to fit through the aperture)
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00045-00020496-00020790 is unknown.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00046-00020790-00021348 Indirect observation of RPC-135 does not trigger its anomalous effects, even in its active
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00047-00021348-00021494 state.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00048-00021494-00021969 Observing the output indirectly shows the screen of RPC-135 displaying static on all
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00049-00021969-00022262 tested visual media.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00050-00022262-00022687 Recent tests required the subjects to be equipped with retrieval harnesses and shoulder-mounted
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00051-00022687-00023089 cameras to retrieve the CSDs and any visual recordings.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00052-00023089-00023623 However, upon passing through the aperture, the tethers attached to the test subjects'
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00053-00023623-00023819 retrieval harnesses were severed.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00054-00023819-00024148 Any visual records of the tests were lost.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00055-00024148-00024683 Discovery Log 135-01: After matching several missing persons reports
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00056-00024683-00025122 filed around Detroit, [REDACTED], the Authority was able to trace the entity's pattern to
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00057-00025122-00025303 an abandoned apartment complex.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00058-00025303-00026038 It was then did the Authority come upon RPC-135, locked in one of the collapsed basements.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00059-00026038-00026469 Addendum 135-1: Several tests were conducted to determine
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00060-00026469-00026958 the extent of RPC-135's anomalous effects.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00061-00026958-00027151 Test Log-135-1:
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00062-00027151-00027722 Subject: CSD-1335, paralyzed from the waist down.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00063-00027722-00028339 Procedure: This test is to determine RPC-135's anomalous effects when interacting with handicapped
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00064-00028339-00028470 individuals.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00065-00028470-00029302 Result: CSD-1335 observed RPC-135 for a total of thirty minutes before pushing himself off
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00066-00029302-00029497 of the wheelchair.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00067-00029497-00030158 The subject then crawled towards RPC-135 where he then attempted to pull himself up and into
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00068-00030158-00030313 RPC-135's screen.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00069-00030313-00030843 ASF personnel were ordered to enter the room and recover the CSD.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00070-00030843-00030943 Test Log-135-2:
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00071-00030943-00031566 Subject: CSD-3315, restrained to a chair.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00072-00031566-00032249 Procedure: This test is to determine how long RPC-135's anomalous effects take place.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00073-00032249-00032899 Result: CSD-3315 remained restrained in the seat after about six hours of exposure.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00074-00032899-00033263 No other changes have been observed in RPC-135's behavior.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00075-00033263-00034074 CSD-3315 however, became agitated after consistent exposure to RPC-135.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00076-00034074-00034500 Subject had to be retrieved and sedated following his breakdown.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00077-00034500-00034683 Test Log-135-3:
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00078-00034683-00034999 Subject: CSD-0105.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00079-00034999-00035714 Procedure: This test is to determine RPC-135's effects in a dark environment.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00080-00035714-00036331 Result: CSD-0105 enters the dark containment chamber.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00081-00036331-00036800 The room is illuminated upon RPC-135's activation.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00082-00036800-00037331 Subject proceeds to observe RPC-135 for several minutes before attempting to make physical
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00083-00037331-00037451 contact.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00084-00037451-00037944 CSD-0105 was retrieved without incident.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00085-00037944-00038145 Test Log-135-4:
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00086-00038145-00038493 Subject: CSD-6184
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00087-00038493-00039199 Procedure: This procedure is to determine if and where RPC-135 leads its victims to.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00088-00039199-00039812 CSD-6184 is outfitted with a retrieval harness with a shoulder mounted camera.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00089-00039812-00040156 Results: Subject enters the chamber.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00090-00040156-00040388 Observes RPC-135.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00091-00040388-00040991 After making physical contact, the subject begins to climb into RPC-135's screen.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00092-00040991-00041533 All visual feed was lost upon and the cord connected to the retrieval harness is disconnected.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00093-00041533-00041919 There is a clear indication that it was cut with precision.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00094-00041919-00042114 Test Log-135-5:
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00095-00042114-00042304 Subject: CSD-3124
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00096-00042304-00043208 Procedure: In this procedure, a tether hooked to a pulley system is attached to CSD-3124's
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00097-00043208-00044146 ankles with the intent of reeling in CSD-3124 upon partially entering RPC-135's screen.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00098-00044146-00044937 Results: Subject observes RPC-135 for several minutes before making physical contact.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00099-00044937-00045678 CSD-3124 then proceeds to climb into RPC-135's screen Immediately after, the pulley system
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00100-00045678-00045961 was activated to reel CSD-3124 in.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00101-00045961-00046643 However, there was some resistance preventing the recovery of the CSD personnel.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00102-00046643-00047087 Subject exhibited signs of distress, shaking violently and kicking back.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00103-00047087-00047572 Pull strength was increased, and two ASF personnel were assigned to assist in extraction with
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00104-00047572-00047852 minimum results.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00105-00047852-00048404 CSD-3124 was violently torn apart from the waist up, with his upper body disappearing
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00106-00048404-00048616 into the screen.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00107-00048616-00049353 The remains left showed signs of precision cutting before CSD-3124 was torn.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00108-00049353-00049471 Test Log-135-6:
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00109-00049471-00049734 Subject: One lab rat.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00110-00049734-00050446 Procedure: To minimize loss of CSD personnel, this procedure is to test whether or not RPC-135's
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00111-00050446-00050747 anomalous properties can affect animals.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00112-00050747-00051063 Results: No results.
+PkSRT6HHOoA-00113-00051063-00052579 RPC-135's properties doesn't have an effect on animals it seems.
+Pl5q4z0gxmg-00000-00002506-00003304 I got the horses in the back horse stoch is attached hat is matte I've gotta boots just black to match
+Pl5q4z0gxmg-00001-00003306-00003932 part of my five do not all over saw you can wish your porch I've been in ovale
+Pl5q4z0gxmg-00002-00003932-00004301 you can get one up off  porche
+Pl5q4z0gxmg-00003-00004310-00005582 nothin you can't tell me nothing can up by the tell me nothing you can't tell me nothing
+Pl5q4z0gxmg-00004-00009956-00010481 like a rockstar lot of money
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00000-00000032-00000664 Do you like vanguard's Target Retirement Funds and would you recommend them to most investors
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00001-00000664-00001616 for their tax advantage accounts well take the easy part if you want a target day retirement fund
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00002-00001696-00002304 i would lean strongly in favor of Vanguards why because our costs are a fraction you know
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00003-00002304-00003032 this was coming a fraction of what the others are charging uh it's a curious paradox well i do not i
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00004-00003096-00003440 i believe and i've said this before i'll say it again i believe 40
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00005-00003544-00004216 in equity in inequity of 40 percent have 40 of the equity position outside the U.S. is not the right
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00006-00004216-00004904 thing to do and to do it you know i think if you'd like if you're not sure non-U.S. will do better in
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00007-00004904-00005488 the U.S um you know give people a choice say we're going to start a whole series of international
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00008-00005488-00006184 target day funds god knows we got enough funds already another 15 or 20 of them won't matter uh
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00009-00006184-00006831 12 of them i guess and uh you you you decide instead of just saying here's what we're doing
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00010-00006912-00007248 in a notice that nobody read because people don't read notices
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00011-00007368-00007759 that said all the other to we are not particularly out of line compared to
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00012-00007759-00008472 the other target date funds uh T Rowe Price American Funds i guess the next two competitors
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00013-00008632-00009216 and they have heavy international components i'm not sure it's 40 maybe a little more maybe
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00014-00009216-00009800 a little less but we're all following pretty much the same strategy and what this makes me reflect
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00015-00009800-00010592 on is from the very beginning i thought the best strategy for investors and for Vanguard the firm
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00016-00010680-00011216 was to have funds with relative predictability so you are never way out of line
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00017-00011352-00012104 with your competitors and you will win on cost uh if you really are right in line with different
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00018-00012104-00012608 betters so if you look at a fund like Windsor and look at other large cap value funds say
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00019-00012608-00013184 and this is maybe not the best example in the world uh you're going to find a 99 correlation
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00020-00013184-00013760 between our returns and if you have a one and a half percent cost advantage when you take out
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00021-00013760-00014416 lower turnover lower expense ratio and no sales load one and a half percent is easy
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00022-00014416-00015088 it's probably too conservative you'll win by 20 percent over 10 years approximately 20 percent
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00023-00015088-00015688 over 10 years if 20 percent doing 20% better than the average fund isn't good enough for you
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00024-00015760-00016424 i don't know how to help you honestly uh so and you don't get money pouring in at the top when
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00025-00016424-00016976 your performance is great we just think about Magellan had Magellan fund the Fidelity Magellan
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00026-00016976-00017672 had this great performance the money poured in it got to 110 billion dollars paying the
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00027-00017672-00018184 Johnson family a couple of billion a year i don't think they need it that badly but then they do if
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00028-00018184-00018736 they're going to cut their prices on their index funds to zero couldn't resist that and
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00029-00018832-00019528 then it stopped doing well and now magellan fund is i think nine nine billion about
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00030-00019528-00020072 right Mike twelve okay let's call it 10 billion you could have just said yes
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00031-00020568-00021240 you know Mike is such a treasure i got to say that again we had such a great time together he and i
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00032-00021240-00022000 he takes that in the same same sense of humor that i offered it out but uh that's a hundred
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00033-00022000-00022640 billion dollars this left Magellan Fund uh probably more than that because the market has
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00034-00022640-00023080 been going up during this period even though their performance has been banned a hundred billion
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00035-00023080-00023984 dollars worth of disappointed investors no wonder Fidelity is thinking more about indexing uh and so
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00036-00024184-00024952 the idea being really good must come with the knowledge certain that when you're really good
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00037-00024952-00025576 in some periods you're going to be really bad in others that's the way of the markets so
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00038-00025639-00026256 that's a terrible strategy uh because the money comes in as i said i and then when you when you
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00039-00026256-00026680 let the investor down it goes out and you've got dissatisfied investor who's then probably
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00040-00026680-00027264 a dissatisfied general public who knows your company so that has worked out well with index
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00041-00027264-00027952 funds our other funds have i talked about this before our relative predictability and uh so
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00042-00028112-00028688 is high end to focus this particular point on the on Ed's question uh is this relative
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00043-00028688-00029439 predictability uh for our target date funds relative to our competitors who
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00044-00029439-00029968 all have heavy international positions or is it relative to a simple U.S. stock bond position
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00045-00030024-00030608 how are investors going to relate to that uh a lot depends on how international does international i
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00046-00030608-00031248 should say non-U.S. and you know the fact that i wouldn't do it wouldn't have done it or wouldn't
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00047-00031248-00032104 have done to such extent uh really means nothing because i'm often wrong it's never in doubt
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00048-00032280-00033040 just that uh and uh so and there's also no magic and a target they'd put i mean it
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00049-00033040-00033488 all looks so simple but it isn't there will be periods when you'd be better off having
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00050-00033552-00034088 a very high percentage in bonds when you're starting off in a very high percentage of the
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00051-00034088-00034568 stocks when you're finishing i mean that's just the way the market is it's you just don't know me
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00052-00034568-00035000 it's so logical and sensible and so smart as a way to think about things
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00053-00035064-00035752 but i think not maybe i wonder at the end of the trail whether the target date fund won't prove to
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00054-00035752-00036440 have been uh offered kind of as a fantasy and the investment business and the mutual fund business
+Q2aP8bqu2TE-00055-00036528-00037984 there are no fantasies let me assure you of that a lifetime of learning no fantasies
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00000-00000010-00000407 SO IT WAS REALLY ENLIGHTENING.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00001-00000407-00000413 SO IT WAS REALLY ENLIGHTENING.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00002-00000413-00000610 SO IT WAS REALLY ENLIGHTENING. >> JOSH: THE PURPLE FERN BATH
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00003-00000610-00000617 SO IT WAS REALLY ENLIGHTENING. >> JOSH: THE PURPLE FERN BATH  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00004-00000617-00000770 SO IT WAS REALLY ENLIGHTENING. >> JOSH: THE PURPLE FERN BATH COMPANY WAS ANNOUNCED AS THE
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00005-00000770-00000777 >> JOSH: THE PURPLE FERN BATH COMPANY WAS ANNOUNCED AS THE  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00006-00000777-00000907 >> JOSH: THE PURPLE FERN BATH COMPANY WAS ANNOUNCED AS THE DESTINATION DOWNTOWN COMPETITION
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00007-00000907-00000914 COMPANY WAS ANNOUNCED AS THE DESTINATION DOWNTOWN COMPETITION  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00008-00000914-00001054 COMPANY WAS ANNOUNCED AS THE DESTINATION DOWNTOWN COMPETITION WINNER JUST A FEW WEEKS AGO AND
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00009-00001054-00001061 DESTINATION DOWNTOWN COMPETITION WINNER JUST A FEW WEEKS AGO AND  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00010-00001061-00001197 DESTINATION DOWNTOWN COMPETITION WINNER JUST A FEW WEEKS AGO AND NOW THE BUSINESS IS GETTING
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00011-00001197-00001204 WINNER JUST A FEW WEEKS AGO AND NOW THE BUSINESS IS GETTING  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00012-00001204-00001344 WINNER JUST A FEW WEEKS AGO AND NOW THE BUSINESS IS GETTING READY TO MOVE INTO THE DOWNTOWN
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00013-00001344-00001351 NOW THE BUSINESS IS GETTING READY TO MOVE INTO THE DOWNTOWN  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00014-00001351-00001384 NOW THE BUSINESS IS GETTING READY TO MOVE INTO THE DOWNTOWN AREA.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00015-00001384-00001391 READY TO MOVE INTO THE DOWNTOWN AREA.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00016-00001391-00001501 READY TO MOVE INTO THE DOWNTOWN AREA. CLAYTON CASTLE TELLS US THE
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00017-00001501-00001508 AREA. CLAYTON CASTLE TELLS US THE  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00018-00001508-00001771 AREA. CLAYTON CASTLE TELLS US THE FUTURE PLANS FOR THE PURPLE
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00019-00001771-00001778 CLAYTON CASTLE TELLS US THE FUTURE PLANS FOR THE PURPLE  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00020-00001778-00001858 CLAYTON CASTLE TELLS US THE FUTURE PLANS FOR THE PURPLE FERN.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00021-00001858-00001865 FUTURE PLANS FOR THE PURPLE FERN.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00022-00001865-00001945 FUTURE PLANS FOR THE PURPLE FERN. >> CLAYTON: 2017 WAS AN EXCITING
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00023-00001945-00001951 FERN. >> CLAYTON: 2017 WAS AN EXCITING  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00024-00001951-00002102 FERN. >> CLAYTON: 2017 WAS AN EXCITING YEAR FOR THE BRAINERD BUSINESS
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00025-00002102-00002108 >> CLAYTON: 2017 WAS AN EXCITING YEAR FOR THE BRAINERD BUSINESS  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00026-00002108-00002252 >> CLAYTON: 2017 WAS AN EXCITING YEAR FOR THE BRAINERD BUSINESS COMMUNITY AS THE DESIGNATION
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00027-00002252-00002258 YEAR FOR THE BRAINERD BUSINESS COMMUNITY AS THE DESIGNATION  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00028-00002258-00002502 YEAR FOR THE BRAINERD BUSINESS COMMUNITY AS THE DESIGNATION DOWNTOWN COMPETITION WAS ROLLED
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00029-00002502-00002509 COMMUNITY AS THE DESIGNATION DOWNTOWN COMPETITION WAS ROLLED  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00030-00002509-00002766 COMMUNITY AS THE DESIGNATION DOWNTOWN COMPETITION WAS ROLLED OUT, PROVIDING A PACKAGE WORTH
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00031-00002766-00002772 DOWNTOWN COMPETITION WAS ROLLED OUT, PROVIDING A PACKAGE WORTH  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00032-00002772-00002972 DOWNTOWN COMPETITION WAS ROLLED OUT, PROVIDING A PACKAGE WORTH $50,000 TO AN ASPIRING OR
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00033-00002972-00002979 OUT, PROVIDING A PACKAGE WORTH $50,000 TO AN ASPIRING OR  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00034-00002979-00003159 OUT, PROVIDING A PACKAGE WORTH $50,000 TO AN ASPIRING OR UPCOMING BUSINESS IN AN EFFORT
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00035-00003159-00003166 $50,000 TO AN ASPIRING OR UPCOMING BUSINESS IN AN EFFORT  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00036-00003166-00003379 $50,000 TO AN ASPIRING OR UPCOMING BUSINESS IN AN EFFORT TO REVITALIZE THE DOWNTOWN AREA.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00037-00003379-00003386 UPCOMING BUSINESS IN AN EFFORT TO REVITALIZE THE DOWNTOWN AREA.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00038-00003386-00003513 UPCOMING BUSINESS IN AN EFFORT TO REVITALIZE THE DOWNTOWN AREA. THE COMPETITION WINNER IN 2017
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00039-00003513-00003520 TO REVITALIZE THE DOWNTOWN AREA. THE COMPETITION WINNER IN 2017  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00040-00003520-00003753 TO REVITALIZE THE DOWNTOWN AREA. THE COMPETITION WINNER IN 2017 WAS THE PURPLE FERN, A HOBBY
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00041-00003753-00003760 THE COMPETITION WINNER IN 2017 WAS THE PURPLE FERN, A HOBBY  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00042-00003760-00003927 THE COMPETITION WINNER IN 2017 WAS THE PURPLE FERN, A HOBBY TURNED BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00043-00003927-00003933 WAS THE PURPLE FERN, A HOBBY TURNED BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00044-00003933-00004124 WAS THE PURPLE FERN, A HOBBY TURNED BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY. >> PURPLE FERN IS MULTI-FACETED.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00045-00004124-00004130 TURNED BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY. >> PURPLE FERN IS MULTI-FACETED.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00046-00004130-00004531 TURNED BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY. >> PURPLE FERN IS MULTI-FACETED. IT IS A BATH BOUTIQUE,
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00047-00004531-00004537 >> PURPLE FERN IS MULTI-FACETED. IT IS A BATH BOUTIQUE,  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00048-00004537-00004657 >> PURPLE FERN IS MULTI-FACETED. IT IS A BATH BOUTIQUE, EVERYTHING BATH AND BODY
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00049-00004657-00004664 IT IS A BATH BOUTIQUE, EVERYTHING BATH AND BODY  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00050-00004664-00004728 IT IS A BATH BOUTIQUE, EVERYTHING BATH AND BODY RELATED.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00051-00004728-00004734 EVERYTHING BATH AND BODY RELATED.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00052-00004734-00004938 EVERYTHING BATH AND BODY RELATED. THERE WILL BE HANDMADE SOAPS,
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00053-00004938-00004944 RELATED. THERE WILL BE HANDMADE SOAPS,  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00054-00004944-00005135 RELATED. THERE WILL BE HANDMADE SOAPS, ARTISAN SHOWER CURTAINS, BATH
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00055-00005135-00005141 THERE WILL BE HANDMADE SOAPS, ARTISAN SHOWER CURTAINS, BATH  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00056-00005141-00005235 THERE WILL BE HANDMADE SOAPS, ARTISAN SHOWER CURTAINS, BATH BOMBS, SALTS.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00057-00005235-00005241 ARTISAN SHOWER CURTAINS, BATH BOMBS, SALTS.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00058-00005241-00005365 ARTISAN SHOWER CURTAINS, BATH BOMBS, SALTS. YOU NAME IT, IT'S GOING TO BE
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00059-00005365-00005372 BOMBS, SALTS. YOU NAME IT, IT'S GOING TO BE  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00060-00005372-00005398 BOMBS, SALTS. YOU NAME IT, IT'S GOING TO BE THERE.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00061-00005398-00005405 YOU NAME IT, IT'S GOING TO BE THERE.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00062-00005405-00005505 YOU NAME IT, IT'S GOING TO BE THERE. >> THE DREAM OF OWNING A
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00063-00005505-00005512 THERE. >> THE DREAM OF OWNING A  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00064-00005512-00005672 THERE. >> THE DREAM OF OWNING A BUSINESS IS WHAT DROVE BRENDA TO
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00065-00005672-00005678 >> THE DREAM OF OWNING A BUSINESS IS WHAT DROVE BRENDA TO  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00066-00005678-00005812 >> THE DREAM OF OWNING A BUSINESS IS WHAT DROVE BRENDA TO THE COMPETITION AND ULTIMATELY
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00067-00005812-00005819 BUSINESS IS WHAT DROVE BRENDA TO THE COMPETITION AND ULTIMATELY  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00068-00005819-00005932 BUSINESS IS WHAT DROVE BRENDA TO THE COMPETITION AND ULTIMATELY COMING OUT ON TOP.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00069-00005932-00005939 THE COMPETITION AND ULTIMATELY COMING OUT ON TOP.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00070-00005939-00006186 THE COMPETITION AND ULTIMATELY COMING OUT ON TOP. >> YOU KNOW, I HAVE ALSO DREAMT
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00071-00006186-00006192 COMING OUT ON TOP. >> YOU KNOW, I HAVE ALSO DREAMT  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00072-00006192-00006383 COMING OUT ON TOP. >> YOU KNOW, I HAVE ALSO DREAMT OF OWNING MY OWN BUSINESS, AND I
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00073-00006383-00006389 >> YOU KNOW, I HAVE ALSO DREAMT OF OWNING MY OWN BUSINESS, AND I  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00074-00006389-00006529 >> YOU KNOW, I HAVE ALSO DREAMT OF OWNING MY OWN BUSINESS, AND I SAW THE COMPETITION.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00075-00006529-00006536 OF OWNING MY OWN BUSINESS, AND I SAW THE COMPETITION.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00076-00006536-00006723 OF OWNING MY OWN BUSINESS, AND I SAW THE COMPETITION. I'M LIKE, LET'S DO IT.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00077-00006723-00006730 SAW THE COMPETITION. I'M LIKE, LET'S DO IT.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00078-00006730-00006963 SAW THE COMPETITION. I'M LIKE, LET'S DO IT. IT'S LIKE, I HAVE SOMETHING I
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00079-00006963-00006970 I'M LIKE, LET'S DO IT. IT'S LIKE, I HAVE SOMETHING I  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00080-00006970-00007093 I'M LIKE, LET'S DO IT. IT'S LIKE, I HAVE SOMETHING I ABSOLUTELY LOVE DOING, AND I
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00081-00007093-00007100 IT'S LIKE, I HAVE SOMETHING I ABSOLUTELY LOVE DOING, AND I  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00082-00007100-00007237 IT'S LIKE, I HAVE SOMETHING I ABSOLUTELY LOVE DOING, AND I THINK IT WOULD BE A GREAT
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00083-00007237-00007243 ABSOLUTELY LOVE DOING, AND I THINK IT WOULD BE A GREAT  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00084-00007243-00007390 ABSOLUTELY LOVE DOING, AND I THINK IT WOULD BE A GREAT CONCEPT FOR A BUSINESS DOWNTOWN.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00085-00007390-00007397 THINK IT WOULD BE A GREAT CONCEPT FOR A BUSINESS DOWNTOWN.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00086-00007397-00007530 THINK IT WOULD BE A GREAT CONCEPT FOR A BUSINESS DOWNTOWN. >> THE COMMITTEE THAT SELECTED
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00087-00007530-00007537 CONCEPT FOR A BUSINESS DOWNTOWN. >> THE COMMITTEE THAT SELECTED  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00088-00007537-00007731 CONCEPT FOR A BUSINESS DOWNTOWN. >> THE COMMITTEE THAT SELECTED THE WINNER SAW A PASSION AND
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00089-00007731-00007737 >> THE COMMITTEE THAT SELECTED THE WINNER SAW A PASSION AND  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00090-00007737-00007867 >> THE COMMITTEE THAT SELECTED THE WINNER SAW A PASSION AND ENERGY SURROUNDING THE PURPLE
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00091-00007867-00007874 THE WINNER SAW A PASSION AND ENERGY SURROUNDING THE PURPLE  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00092-00007874-00008044 THE WINNER SAW A PASSION AND ENERGY SURROUNDING THE PURPLE FERN, WHICH WILL BE MOVING TO
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00093-00008044-00008051 ENERGY SURROUNDING THE PURPLE FERN, WHICH WILL BE MOVING TO  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00094-00008051-00008204 ENERGY SURROUNDING THE PURPLE FERN, WHICH WILL BE MOVING TO LAUREL STREET STOREFRONT IN
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00095-00008204-00008211 FERN, WHICH WILL BE MOVING TO LAUREL STREET STOREFRONT IN  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00096-00008211-00008284 FERN, WHICH WILL BE MOVING TO LAUREL STREET STOREFRONT IN 2018.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00097-00008284-00008291 LAUREL STREET STOREFRONT IN 2018.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00098-00008291-00008411 LAUREL STREET STOREFRONT IN 2018. >> WHEN THEY LOOKED AT THE
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00099-00008411-00008418 2018. >> WHEN THEY LOOKED AT THE  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00100-00008418-00008678 2018. >> WHEN THEY LOOKED AT THE PURPLE FERN, I THINK WHAT THEY
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00101-00008678-00008685 >> WHEN THEY LOOKED AT THE PURPLE FERN, I THINK WHAT THEY  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00102-00008685-00008988 >> WHEN THEY LOOKED AT THE PURPLE FERN, I THINK WHAT THEY SAW IS A PERSON THAT HAD A LOT
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00103-00008988-00008995 PURPLE FERN, I THINK WHAT THEY SAW IS A PERSON THAT HAD A LOT  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00104-00008995-00009456 PURPLE FERN, I THINK WHAT THEY SAW IS A PERSON THAT HAD A LOT OF ENERGY AND PASSION INTO HER
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00105-00009456-00009462 SAW IS A PERSON THAT HAD A LOT OF ENERGY AND PASSION INTO HER  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00106-00009462-00009646 SAW IS A PERSON THAT HAD A LOT OF ENERGY AND PASSION INTO HER HOBBY, AND SHE WAS ABLE TO TAKE
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00107-00009646-00009652 OF ENERGY AND PASSION INTO HER HOBBY, AND SHE WAS ABLE TO TAKE  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00108-00009652-00009913 OF ENERGY AND PASSION INTO HER HOBBY, AND SHE WAS ABLE TO TAKE THAT ENERGY AND PASSION,
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00109-00009913-00009919 HOBBY, AND SHE WAS ABLE TO TAKE THAT ENERGY AND PASSION,  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00110-00009919-00010060 HOBBY, AND SHE WAS ABLE TO TAKE THAT ENERGY AND PASSION, TRANSLATE IT INTO A BUSINESS
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00111-00010060-00010066 THAT ENERGY AND PASSION, TRANSLATE IT INTO A BUSINESS  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00112-00010066-00010376 THAT ENERGY AND PASSION, TRANSLATE IT INTO A BUSINESS PLAN THAT REALLY PROVED TO THEM
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00113-00010376-00010383 TRANSLATE IT INTO A BUSINESS PLAN THAT REALLY PROVED TO THEM  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00114-00010383-00010570 TRANSLATE IT INTO A BUSINESS PLAN THAT REALLY PROVED TO THEM THAT SHE COULD SUCCEED.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00115-00010570-00010577 PLAN THAT REALLY PROVED TO THEM THAT SHE COULD SUCCEED.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00116-00010577-00010700 PLAN THAT REALLY PROVED TO THEM THAT SHE COULD SUCCEED. >> BRENDA SAYS SHE HAS BEEN
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00117-00010700-00010707 THAT SHE COULD SUCCEED. >> BRENDA SAYS SHE HAS BEEN  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00118-00010707-00010817 THAT SHE COULD SUCCEED. >> BRENDA SAYS SHE HAS BEEN OVERWHELMED BY THE SUPPORT OF
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00119-00010817-00010824 >> BRENDA SAYS SHE HAS BEEN OVERWHELMED BY THE SUPPORT OF  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00120-00010824-00010927 >> BRENDA SAYS SHE HAS BEEN OVERWHELMED BY THE SUPPORT OF THE COMMUNITY THROUGHOUT THE
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00121-00010927-00010934 OVERWHELMED BY THE SUPPORT OF THE COMMUNITY THROUGHOUT THE  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00122-00010934-00011107 OVERWHELMED BY THE SUPPORT OF THE COMMUNITY THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS AS HER DREAMS ARE NOW
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00123-00011107-00011114 THE COMMUNITY THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS AS HER DREAMS ARE NOW  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00124-00011114-00011227 THE COMMUNITY THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS AS HER DREAMS ARE NOW BECOMING A REALITY.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00125-00011227-00011234 PROCESS AS HER DREAMS ARE NOW BECOMING A REALITY.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00126-00011234-00011354 PROCESS AS HER DREAMS ARE NOW BECOMING A REALITY. >> IT'S AMAZING.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00127-00011354-00011361 BECOMING A REALITY. >> IT'S AMAZING.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00128-00011361-00011474 BECOMING A REALITY. >> IT'S AMAZING. THE SUPPORT FROM THE COMMUNITY
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00129-00011474-00011481 >> IT'S AMAZING. THE SUPPORT FROM THE COMMUNITY  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00130-00011481-00011721 >> IT'S AMAZING. THE SUPPORT FROM THE COMMUNITY AND FROM THE CHAMBER HAS JUST
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00131-00011721-00011728 THE SUPPORT FROM THE COMMUNITY AND FROM THE CHAMBER HAS JUST  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00132-00011728-00011828 THE SUPPORT FROM THE COMMUNITY AND FROM THE CHAMBER HAS JUST BEEN OVER THE TOP.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00133-00011828-00011835 AND FROM THE CHAMBER HAS JUST BEEN OVER THE TOP.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00134-00011835-00012232 AND FROM THE CHAMBER HAS JUST BEEN OVER THE TOP. I AM SO EXCITED TO BE DOING
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00135-00012232-00012238 BEEN OVER THE TOP. I AM SO EXCITED TO BE DOING  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00136-00012238-00012278 BEEN OVER THE TOP. I AM SO EXCITED TO BE DOING THIS.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00137-00012278-00012285 I AM SO EXCITED TO BE DOING THIS.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00138-00012285-00012412 I AM SO EXCITED TO BE DOING THIS. LIKE I SAID, THE SUPPORT HAS
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00139-00012412-00012419 THIS. LIKE I SAID, THE SUPPORT HAS  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00140-00012419-00012545 THIS. LIKE I SAID, THE SUPPORT HAS BEEN JUST SPECTACULAR.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00141-00012545-00012552 LIKE I SAID, THE SUPPORT HAS BEEN JUST SPECTACULAR.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00142-00012552-00012652 LIKE I SAID, THE SUPPORT HAS BEEN JUST SPECTACULAR. I'M VERY EXCITED.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00143-00012652-00012659 BEEN JUST SPECTACULAR. I'M VERY EXCITED.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00144-00012659-00012752 BEEN JUST SPECTACULAR. I'M VERY EXCITED. >> AFTER RENOVATIONS TO THE
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00145-00012752-00012759 I'M VERY EXCITED. >> AFTER RENOVATIONS TO THE  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00146-00012759-00012902 I'M VERY EXCITED. >> AFTER RENOVATIONS TO THE SPACE, THE PURPLE FERN WILL BE
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00147-00012902-00012909 >> AFTER RENOVATIONS TO THE SPACE, THE PURPLE FERN WILL BE  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00148-00012909-00013143 >> AFTER RENOVATIONS TO THE SPACE, THE PURPLE FERN WILL BE MOVING INTO DOWNTOWN BRAINERD
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00149-00013143-00013149 SPACE, THE PURPLE FERN WILL BE MOVING INTO DOWNTOWN BRAINERD  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00150-00013149-00013443 SPACE, THE PURPLE FERN WILL BE MOVING INTO DOWNTOWN BRAINERD SOME TIME IN EARLY TO MID 2018.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00151-00013443-00013450 MOVING INTO DOWNTOWN BRAINERD SOME TIME IN EARLY TO MID 2018.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00152-00013450-00013660 MOVING INTO DOWNTOWN BRAINERD SOME TIME IN EARLY TO MID 2018. REPORTING IN BRAINERD, CLAYTON
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00153-00013660-00013666 SOME TIME IN EARLY TO MID 2018. REPORTING IN BRAINERD, CLAYTON  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00154-00013666-00013760 SOME TIME IN EARLY TO MID 2018. REPORTING IN BRAINERD, CLAYTON CASTLE, LAKELAND NEWS.
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00155-00013760-00013766 REPORTING IN BRAINERD, CLAYTON CASTLE, LAKELAND NEWS.  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00156-00013766-00013863 REPORTING IN BRAINERD, CLAYTON CASTLE, LAKELAND NEWS. >> NO DECISION HAS BEEN MADE AS
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00157-00013863-00013870 CASTLE, LAKELAND NEWS. >> NO DECISION HAS BEEN MADE AS  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00158-00013870-00013957 CASTLE, LAKELAND NEWS. >> NO DECISION HAS BEEN MADE AS TO WHETHER OR NOT THE
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00159-00013957-00013963 >> NO DECISION HAS BEEN MADE AS TO WHETHER OR NOT THE  
+Q35IqNHMLcy-00160-00013963-00014017 >> NO DECISION HAS BEEN MADE AS TO WHETHER OR NOT THE DESTINATION DOWNTOWN COMPETITION
+Q3fuh-Q8lgk-00000-00000341-00000482 Some film versions refer
+Q3fuh-Q8lgk-00001-00000482-00000651 to the so-called "monster" as
+Q3fuh-Q8lgk-00002-00000651-00000738 "Frankenstein"
+Q3fuh-Q8lgk-00003-00000738-00000860 though the novel's writer
+Q3fuh-Q8lgk-00004-00000860-00000931 doesn't-
+Q3fuh-Q8lgk-00005-00000931-00001034 she gave the name
+Q3fuh-Q8lgk-00006-00001034-00001112 "Frankenstein"
+Q3fuh-Q8lgk-00007-00001112-00001300 to its creator- the so-called
+Q3fuh-Q8lgk-00008-00001300-00001470 "Monster" got referred to as
+Q3fuh-Q8lgk-00009-00001470-00001626 monster"" or "it"
+Q9g56Zw8N28-00000-00000000-00000200 I HAVE WON! DIE!
+Q9g56Zw8N28-00001-00000434-00000634 NO UUUU!
+Q9g56Zw8N28-00002-00002899-00003217 WHAT?!?!
+Q9g56Zw8N28-00003-00003240-00003727 HACKER... I am SHOHO!!
+Q9g56Zw8N28-00004-00003977-00004394 I AM SHOSHO!!!!
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00000-00000803-00001253 Hi, my name is Mike Freeman and I'm a hydrologic technician with the USGS office here in Salt
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00001-00001253-00001353 Lake City, Utah.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00002-00001353-00001698 I would like to take a few minutes to talk about using SWAMI to make a weir discharge
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00003-00001698-00001825 measurement.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00004-00001825-00002400 From the 'Site Information' page, select 'Tasks', 'Discharge Measurement' and then select 'New
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00005-00002400-00002570 Channel' to begin your measurement.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00006-00002570-00003407 In the "Channel Information" page you will enter the channel name, and for the Qm method
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00007-00003407-00003936 select 'Weir' from the drop down menu.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00008-00003936-00004323 As you've noticed the 'Deployment Method' was automatically populated with 'Other'.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00009-00004323-00004846 After you have populated all of the fields click 'Measure' to go the 'Measurement' page.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00010-00004846-00005312 In the 'Measurement' page, the measurement is noted as a 'Flume Measurement'.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00011-00005312-00005501 Disregard the title of this page.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00012-00005501-00006021 The measurement will be documented as a 'Weir Measurement' in SWAMI and in SiteVisit.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00013-00006021-00006366 After you have taken your head readings at the weir, record the head readings in the
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00014-00006366-00007704 'Head' box by entering the reading directly or clicking the calculator and entering the
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00015-00007704-00008370 value with the appropriate numbers.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00016-00008370-00009056 Next assign a measurement time to the head reading by clicking the blue 'Time' button.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00017-00009056-00009411 This will assign a time to the head reading to the nearest minute.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00018-00009411-00009847 If you would like to assign a head reading to the nearest second, click the calculator
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00019-00009847-00010025 next to the time box.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00020-00010025-00010622 By clicking the 'Now' button you will assign a time value to the nearest second.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00021-00010622-00010998 Click 'Done' to return to the measurement screen.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00022-00010998-00011583 Once time and head readings have been recorded, click 'Add' to populate the reading.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00023-00011583-00011992 You may need to make multiple readings to determine the mean head reading to determine
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00024-00011992-00012156 the discharge at the weir.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00025-00012156-00012642 For this example we will enter 4 head readings.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00026-00012642-00013091 After the 4 head readings have been added, SWAMI will determine the 'Mean Head' for the
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00027-00013091-00013191 measurement.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00028-00013191-00013625 To do this, simply click the boxes next to head measurements you wish to use.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00029-00013625-00014521 For this example, we will use all head readings with a reading of 2.68 ft.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00030-00014521-00014994 After you have checked the boxes, enter the correlated flow from the mean head reading
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00031-00014994-00015269 from the assigned weir rating for your station.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00032-00015269-00015785 For this example, the correlated flow for a head reading of 2.68 ft has a discharge
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00033-00015785-00016160 of 1.35 cfs.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00034-00016160-00016588 After the correlated flow has been entered, click 'Done' to end the weir measurement.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00035-00016588-00016976 A dialog box will appear asking if you want to end the measurement.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00036-00016976-00017240 Click 'Yes' to end the measurement.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00037-00017240-00017659 The next page is 'Channel Summary' page, where you can document channel conditions and the
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00038-00017659-00017759 measurement location.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00039-00017759-00018406 The drop downs make documenting channel conditions pretty easy.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00040-00018406-00019079 In this example our Section Location was 'At the Gage'.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00041-00019079-00019446 You will notice that the measurement distance is automatically entered as 0.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00042-00019446-00019826 Horizontal Flow was 'Even'.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00043-00019826-00021054 For Channel Conditions the material was 'artificial, Stability was 'firm' and the Channel Material
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00044-00021054-00021526 was 'even'.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00045-00021526-00022176 Velocity Description, the velocity was distributed 'standard', and 'steady'.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00046-00022176-00022590 Once you have finished the Channel Description click 'Done' which will return you to the
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00047-00022590-00022746 'Channel Summary' page.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00048-00022746-00023351 Click 'Done' to return to the 'Discharge Measurement' page.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00049-00023351-00023684 From the 'Discharge Measurement" page you can add another channel to the measurement,
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00050-00023684-00024044 or if you are done, you can enter your gage height information to compare the measured
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00051-00024044-00024248 flow to the rated flow.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00052-00024248-00024715 For this example our stage is 2.68 ft.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00053-00024715-00025340 If the weir is the control of the gaging station, the percent difference will be 0 as you entered
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00054-00025340-00025925 the corresponding discharge from the rating table as observed in this example.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00055-00025925-00026300 To verify the weir rating, a discharge measurement using an alternative method should be done
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00056-00026300-00026529 a couple times each year.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00057-00026529-00026752 When your measurement is complete, click 'Done'.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00058-00026752-00027141 You will be asked if you want to end the discharge measurement.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00059-00027141-00027489 Simply click 'Yes' to end the measurement.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00060-00027489-00027752 Your last task is to fill out the measurement summary page.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00061-00027752-00028058 Typically, I enter the measurement number.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00062-00028058-00028563 If the measurement number is unknown, you can select the auto sequence for the measurement
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00063-00028563-00029222 number which will assign the next measurement number in SiteVisit.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00064-00029222-00029922 Rate your measurement, determine the base flow conditions, fill out the gage height
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00065-00029922-00031157 information  and populate the start and end times.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00066-00031157-00031307 Lastly include any measurement remarks.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00067-00031307-00031806 If the weir is the control of the gage, be sure to mention the conditions of the weir,
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00068-00031806-00033129 documenting if the weir is level or the upstream velocity conditions approach the weir.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00069-00033129-00033487 Once you have populated all fields in the 'Measurement Summary', click 'Done' to end
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00070-00033487-00033650 the measurement.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00071-00033650-00033949 Now, your measurement is complete.
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00072-00033949-00034361 If you have questions on completing a weir measurement in SWAMI, please contact the SWAMI
+Qx54pPNchlQ-00073-00034361-00034905 help group at the email address shown or visit the FCIS webpage at the address shown.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00000-00004146-00004346 Hello friends!
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00001-00004434-00004556 Evening...
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00002-00004771-00004971 Evening, evening...
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00003-00005495-00005783 And now I'm rowing in the Bermuda Triangle!
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00004-00005930-00006615 And all of the remaining route will go through the Bermuda Triangle.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00005-00006747-00006947 Haven't seen any aliens yet.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00006-00007085-00007580 It has already rained and will continue to rain for the whole next week.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00007-00007671-00008251 The storm season is approaching, so I need to get out of here.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00008-00008251-00008546 Furthermore, today is the 100th day of the journey!
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00009-00008546-00008952 Woohoo! Not bad.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00010-00008952-00009410 So that's the news.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00011-00009410-00009785 Same old, same old...
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00012-00009837-00010037 I seem to feel good.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00013-00010037-00010544 Also, we created a discount code with RawPowders called "Bermudai".
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00014-00010544-00011214 You can buy their products with a 33% discount.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00015-00011214-00011440 For everything that's not discounted.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00016-00011440-00011640 Perhaps it will be relevant to someone.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00017-00011883-00012083 "Bermudai"...
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00018-00012157-00012504 Good joke! I thought "Ok, let's do it!".
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00019-00012552-00012873 How much I have left until Miami?
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00020-00012873-00013110 About 800 nautical miles.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00021-00013110-00013310 Something like that...
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00022-00013310-00013954 Roughly... I don't know exactly, I haven't checked.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00023-00013954-00014370 But so far, I haven't seen any islands at all. Absolutely none.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00024-00014370-00015000 On one hand, I feel like I'm traveling in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean and nothing has changed.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00025-00015000-00015416 On the other hand, there are more ships.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00026-00015416-00016102 Now even one or two cruises pass by, as well as tankers and container ships.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00027-00016102-00016666 That may give me a feeling that I am closer to land...
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00028-00016666-00016930 And there are more birds.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00029-00016930-00017056 That's all really.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00030-00017056-00017393 Everything else is same old, same old.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00031-00017393-00018184 Oh, and people keep asking me on Instagram about the 1.2% GPM.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00032-00018184-00018664 Yes, I have my own "VŠI" called "Valujavičiaus kelionės".
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00033-00018664-00018991 You can find more information about that on Google.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00034-00018991-00019222 I'll add the link down here.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00035-00019222-00019935 If anyone wants to contribute, then yes, you can donate 1.2%.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00036-00019935-00020135 I will be very grateful.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00037-00020135-00020583 Because I use that money for travels anyway, more or less.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00038-00020583-00021200 Cameras, tickets, and various other things like that. Everything adds up.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00039-00021200-00021500 So, the "VŠI" budget is mostly allocated for travel expenses
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00040-00021500-00021964 because there aren't any other activities that I could use it for.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00041-00022012-00022407 And yeah... Dinner...
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00042-00022407-00023044 Rice pudding - one of my favorite. Nothing special.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00043-00023044-00023482 Now that more rain is expected, I charged all my cameras
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00044-00023482-00023846 in order to capture better footage for the movie.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00045-00023846-00024178 And that's all... That's all...
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00046-00024178-00024826 Soon, maybe in a week's time, I should see the coast...
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00047-00024826-00025433 Although Puerto Rico is close, about 100 nautical miles away,
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00048-00025433-00026171 but my line of sight is only up to 20 nautical miles, so I can't see it.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00049-00026171-00026546 That's the news. I'm ending my report.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00050-00026546-00026820 Thank you for your support. Thank you for subscribing.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00051-00026820-00027210 And little by little, the end is approaching.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00052-00027210-00027721 Somewhere around April 20th in Miami...
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00053-00027721-00027995 But the port is not known yet.
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00054-00027995-00028390 That is all. Thank you and see you next week!
+QBoF4TiRDZM-00055-00028390-00028590 Ciau!
+QDmkFmgCYx0-00000-00000000-00000200 "Farewell" EP
+QH-F97B9chU-00000-00000040-00000240 shifa's kitchen
+QH-F97B9chU-00001-00000340-00000844 hello friends welcome to my channel shifa's kitchen today im gonna show you how to make chocolate date
+QH-F97B9chU-00002-00000952-00001424 for this we will need dates equal number of almonds
+QH-F97B9chU-00003-00001524-00001720 and chocolate melted on double boiler
+QH-F97B9chU-00004-00001912-00002196 now i will show you to deseed the dates
+QH-F97B9chU-00005-00002196-00002386 make a slit
+QH-F97B9chU-00006-00002686-00002886 open the date
+QH-F97B9chU-00007-00002890-00003090 remove the seed out of of it
+QH-F97B9chU-00008-00003132-00003332 and place 1 almond
+QH-F97B9chU-00009-00003750-00004210 now we will dip our date in chocolate and cover it
+QH-F97B9chU-00010-00004694-00004894 we will place it on a plate
+QH-F97B9chU-00011-00005464-00005784 now we will place our dates chocolate in the freezer
+QH-F97B9chU-00012-00006602-00006884 dates chocolate is ready
+QH-F97B9chU-00013-00006976-00007634 if you like my video please do like comment share and subscribe to my channel
+QH-F97B9chU-00014-00007634-00007756 thank you!
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00000-00000016-00001032 for over 27 years we've been doing a series of zoom programs here for last several months
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00001-00001104-00001736 this is part of our series what we call uh aquaculture for homesteading rural and urban
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00002-00001800-00002224 this is our third session in this series there's only four sessions
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00003-00002312-00002824 up and running for this today we're going to talk about recirculating aquaculture systems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00004-00002880-00003656 and dr schwartz down at hampton roads seafood lab uh we'll be presenting the first paper
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00005-00003656-00004304 uh powerpoint presentation today on ras the ends and workings of it
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00006-00004304-00005008 and when he's done i will be presenting a a powerpoint presentation on water quality and
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00007-00005008-00005896 some fish health looking at both types of systems aquaponics as well as hydroponic uh aquaponics and
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00008-00006080-00006664 recirculating aquaculture systems so you know since we're getting started i appreciate everybody
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00009-00006664-00007648 coming on we have a chat box please put questions into it we will be monitoring these uh chat uh box
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00010-00007648-00008159 for questions and if we see some pertinent questions come up we will refer it back to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00011-00008159-00008720 the speaker but basically if these questions can wait till the end of the speaker to be answered
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00012-00008720-00009528 we have one hour for our presentation but if necessary we will always go over that one hour
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00013-00009528-00010168 mark we used to run these for our two hours before that's too long so we shorten these uh talks down
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00014-00010168-00010744 to one hour blocks and we're doing this in fact we do this every tuesday at 10 o'clock
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00015-00010808-00011696 and we got uh probably five more presentations to go in this block but we have a the fourth session
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00016-00011696-00012400 in this series on homesteading for aquaculture will be taking place a week from today we're going
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00017-00012400-00013247 to be talking about feed fishing marketing and food safety so with that introduction uh we got
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00018-00013247-00013816 a short time ahead of us i'm going to turn it over to mike for his presentation on recirculating
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00019-00013816-00014936 aquaculture all right sounds good david thanks for the intro uh can everybody see a recircling
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00020-00014936-00015696 aquaculture system slide covering the whole screen yes sir all right we got we've got the right one
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00021-00015832-00016352 all right well yeah as david mentioned uh we'll be talking about uh recirculating
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00022-00016352-00017168 systems uh again these systems can be used for hydroponics aquaponics straight up aquaculture
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00023-00017232-00017736 we're really just talking about the system that's uh you know turning the water
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00024-00017968-00018784 reusing the water let's see this does not want to advance there we go
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00025-00018952-00019376 so what are recirculating systems again just to help a little bit with terminology
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00026-00019456-00020240 um we consider it a recirculating system when we recycle or reuse 90 percent or more of the water
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00027-00020240-00020832 uh on a daily basis so you know if it's a thousand gallon tank and if you use less than
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00028-00020832-00021448 100 gallons of new water a day we can consider it recirculating and if we're dealing with something
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00029-00021448-00022208 like hydroponics we're generally just dealing with loss from evaporation and from the water that the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00030-00022208-00022744 plants take out so you're really just make doing makeup water you're not even exchanging water
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00031-00022744-00023056 um but again just to kind of give us the perspective of where we're going
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00032-00023200-00023952 and if we look at carrying capacity for fish in recirculating systems we have a range of
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00033-00023952-00024512 really anywhere from zero to about one pound per gallon of water um we'll be talking about
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00034-00024512-00025168 some different types of systems but uh as the pounds per gallon goes up the systems get very
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00035-00025168-00025888 complicated very expensive uh an average would be about a third of a pound of fish per gallon
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00036-00025888-00026495 of water so a ten thousand gallon tank would give us uh about three thousand pounds of fish
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00037-00026600-00027104 at market time so again just to kind of give us a ballpark but again a less
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00038-00027104-00027527 intensive system you know you could have a thousand pounds and ten thousand gallons
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00039-00027783-00028183 really depends on how you design the system and how much you want out of it
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00040-00028312-00028727 um why do people look at recirculating aquaculture systems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00041-00028727-00029200 they really fall into what's called controlled environmental agriculture
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00042-00029264-00030072 um there's there's a lot of advantages uh these systems are generally indoors so we have you know
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00043-00030072-00030808 really good animal security we can keep pests out pathogens neighbors that want some of our fish
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00044-00030808-00031232 maybe you know if they're in a building and the door's locked nobody's getting in so it gives
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00045-00031232-00031992 us good security um we're really independent from weather um high temperatures freezing temperatures
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00046-00032127-00032664 um you know times if fish and ponds sometimes you won't be able to harvest because maybe it's
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00047-00032664-00033096 been raining for two or three days and you're you know your levees are muddy or what have you
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00048-00033176-00033632 or it's too cold and you can't seine the fish well these they're indoor tanks
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00049-00033632-00034208 temperatures are maintained so we can keep production and marketing really to whenever
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00050-00034208-00034952 we want to meet something out of the systems and they tend to as compared to surface water systems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00051-00035040-00035584 these recirculating systems have a low dependency on natural resources which is land and water you
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00052-00035584-00036168 know again we can put it inside a building so you know those are the reasons we see a lot of people
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00053-00036168-00036920 moving into recirc systems um but with advantages there's disadvantages and by far these are the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00054-00036920-00037544 most expensive systems to build and operate um so those are things you have to take into account
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00055-00037624-00038184 uh when you're gonna get into or thinking about getting into recirculating aquaculture system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00056-00038184-00038664 production um you know be looking at your business plans or maybe
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00057-00038664-00039104 you're counting your dollars closely on what you're putting in and what you expect to get out
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00058-00039248-00039872 and cooperative extension can help you with the business plans also there's intensified
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00059-00039872-00040368 biological risk and this is whether you're doing plants whether you're doing fish or shrimp or what
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00060-00040368-00041288 have you we're putting more animals in plants in a smaller area and just by the way nature operates
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00061-00041376-00042000 when we put things in close proximity there's a chance for diseases or pathogens to spread
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00062-00042088-00042784 and to spread quickly and also this animals themselves will put loadings on the system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00063-00042872-00043568 which we'll talk a little bit more about which are called biological uh loading such as ammonia
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00064-00043568-00044144 and nitrites and we'll talk about some things like that so again advantages and disadvantages
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00065-00044144-00044752 um it's good to be aware of them it helps you plan if this is a direction you want to go and if so
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00066-00044864-00045320 some of the things that are following here will be you know helpful for you um these
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00067-00045320-00046016 are the areas that we're going to talk about uh that are the components of recirculating systems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00068-00046096-00046592 uh so we'll just kind of go into each one briefly and then i've added a poster on the end that
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00069-00046592-00047112 we'll spend a little bit of time on as well so the culture vessel if you're going to be doing
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00070-00047216-00047968 you know uh fish uh probably more important for shrimp they're looking for surface area
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00071-00047968-00048752 bottom space or vertical things they can hang on fish swim so the shape of the tanks
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00072-00048936-00050008 are very important um either for letting the fish swim turn we want the tanks to be self-cleaning
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00073-00050008-00050400 we're going to talk a little bit about solids you don't want solids just collecting on the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00074-00050400-00050920 bottom of the tank and then you have to go in and vacuum it out it adds a lot of labor
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00075-00050984-00051552 while the solids are in the tank they leach and create water quality issues uh so we'll look a
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00076-00051552-00051984 little bit about self-cleaning characteristics of the tanks which is very important
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00077-00052079-00052672 sir i've noticed that yeah that takes a little bit of planning on the self-cleaning characteristics
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00078-00052672-00053304 yes it does yeah that takes a little thought so we'll give you a couple ideas on the next
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00079-00053304-00054024 slide and then the species being cultured again if you're gonna raise something like a rainbow trout
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00080-00054024-00054808 those fish tend to swim forward uh they're long uh and relatively skinny compared to a perch or a
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00081-00054808-00055288 tilapia so something like a trout needs to be able to swim in circles
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00082-00055288-00055832 a tilapia can stop turn it runs into a corner he just turns around and it's not a problem for him
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00083-00056008-00056720 so let's just kind of look at really the three types of uh or categories of tanks that we have
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00084-00056776-00057104 uh of course the round tank is probably the most common
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00085-00057176-00057872 uh can everybody see my mouse spinning around in the blue circle yes sir okay so this is a round
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00086-00057872-00058520 tank and here you got the water coming from the system and so the water just kind of spins around
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00087-00058520-00059184 while what happens in here just like it does at your pool at home uh the solids that will settle
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00088-00059248-00059879 will collect right in the middle of the tank so this is where we remove the water to go
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00089-00059879-00060448 to the filtration system to come back in so this is a very well designed self-cleaning
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00090-00060624-00061344 design and it's one of the reasons people use round tanks now one of the issues with round tanks
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00091-00061344-00061928 is we're putting these tanks inside buildings and the square footage in your building has a cost
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00092-00061984-00062616 you can only put so many tanks in the building uh the building has its own heating cooling
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00093-00062616-00063008 construction depreciation what have you so people have gone to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00094-00063120-00063744 four-sided six-sided eight-sided tanks but rounding the corner so fish don't get stuck
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00095-00063952-00064536 this rounded corner hybrid still allows for good cleaning no solids collection in the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00096-00064536-00065288 corners but gives you about 31 percent more tank space on for the floor space of the building
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00097-00065416-00065864 so that's really helpful it basically lets you hold more water in the same square
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00098-00065864-00066640 footage in the building um we can look at a plug flow raceway uh common in the trout industry where
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00099-00066640-00067368 water flows from out of a spring into one raceway runs into the next raceway into the next raceway
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00100-00067368-00067960 and then after four five six of these it goes back into a pond or the stream or wherever it goes
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00101-00067960-00068664 um people try to gravitate towards these because they can find these but as you can see these don't
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00102-00068664-00069304 circulate the water comes from here goes out here so you have really good water quality here
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00103-00069304-00069632 and then it gets worse and worse and worse and worse and by the time you get down here you
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00104-00069632-00070344 got very poor water quality well a solution for this is if you have this type of a tank is you
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00105-00070344-00071112 can build a d ended raceway uh it's basically the plug flow raceway with half a circle on each end
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00106-00071200-00071912 and then you put a wall from the bottom of the tank to the water surface or above and again here
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00107-00071912-00072552 we see the water coming from the filtration system bringing it at an angle and this water is going to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00108-00072552-00073192 spin round and round and round and round all day all night nice flow fish can swim in it with it
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00109-00073192-00073984 against it no corners to get stuck in and on these the places to pull the solids for self-cleaning
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00110-00074080-00074616 are on the downstream side of the wall where there's an eddy so the solids will collect here
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00111-00074752-00075392 they will collect here or you can put a screen on the bottom and have a discharge on the bottom of
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00112-00075392-00075928 the tank so that the solids fall to the bottom of the tank as they come down and then they get
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00113-00075928-00076512 pulled out here so you got three points that you can pull solids out again to be self-cleaning
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00114-00076600-00077288 and so probably whatever you guys will come up with will be some combination of these shapes but
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00115-00077288-00077928 most importantly keep in mind self-cleaning and if the fish need to be able to swim without corners
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00116-00078536-00079080 so let's talk a little bit about solids um this is another problem with recirculating systems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00117-00079136-00079736 again if fish are in cages or in ponds fish waste or uneaten feed just goes to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00118-00079736-00080112 the bottom of the pond or blows to the side of the pond and kind of goes away
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00119-00080112-00080680 but in recirc systems any solids in the system stay in the system until you take them out
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00120-00080808-00081464 um basically uh fish waste fish feces and uneaten feed are the are the main sources
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00121-00081464-00082176 of your uh of your solids but the problems are until we get the solids out of the system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00122-00082304-00082664 the longer they stay in the more they degrade water quality
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00123-00082664-00083000 so they affect the health of the water which affects the health of the fish
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00124-00083152-00083848 since these solids are organic in nature it increases bacterial loading there's more bacteria
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00125-00083848-00084632 with more solids and these can be bacteria that cause diseases or illnesses the solids are organic
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00126-00084632-00085336 so they use oxygen which competes for the fish and we'll talk about uh oxygen in your system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00127-00085472-00086152 and then very importantly depending upon the fish species you raise some fish are
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00128-00086152-00086832 insensitive or cannot handle solids in the water column and a trout is a perfect example
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00129-00086832-00087272 if you have a lot of suspended solids and fine particulates that you see if you beaker
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00130-00087272-00087792 out some water look at the water the gills of the trout will very quickly get infected
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00131-00087864-00088496 and you'll be calling dr crosby because you have sick fish or dying fish and you might
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00132-00088496-00089032 think well it's a disease but it's really being caused by an environmental problem which is your
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00133-00089088-00089480 suspended solids if you're growing something like a tilapia they'll probably eat those
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00134-00089568-00090384 and pull some nutrition out of them so the types of systems that you put in uh and the degree that
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00135-00090384-00090824 you need to clean the water will also depend upon the types of fish that you're gonna raise
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00136-00090936-00091552 and we'll look at those here but kind of the simple types of filters that you may be looking at
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00137-00091616-00092320 uh for your systems this here is a sand filter that's just a regular pool filter and they work
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00138-00092320-00092936 well for low loaded systems lower temperature systems the problem with sand filters is they'll
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00139-00092936-00093552 tend to cake and when you back wash they don't backwash properly from the organics but people
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00140-00093552-00094048 do use these you can open them up and clean the sand manually once in a while between backwashes
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00141-00094128-00094928 you can build swirl separators or radial flow separators you can look these up online a little
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00142-00094928-00095488 bit if you want you can easily build these at home and they work very well uh and they just
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00143-00095488-00096304 use passive gravity flow in and out uh so there's no actual media um solids just collect in each
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00144-00096304-00097040 of these on the bottom and then we can drain it out this would be a drop filter or a bead filter
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00145-00097040-00097648 this is getting more into the commercial types of filters that you can buy um work very well
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00146-00097784-00098280 they all work a little bit differently um but this is when you're starting to buy equipment off the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00147-00098280-00098872 internet these are the types of things that you'll find for for solids removal uh in aquaculture
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00148-00098872-00099520 systems we need to talk a little bit about biological filtration we already had a little
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00149-00099520-00100160 discussion about that uh with some folks before this started all the animals that we produce
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00150-00100248-00101104 as they feed and metabolize they all produce ammonia which is toxic at very low levels
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00151-00101104-00101784 remember the fish live in the environment that they excrete their wastes in so in a pond or in
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00152-00101784-00102264 a stream we have low densities of animals and we just have natural bacteria that clean everything
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00153-00102360-00102928 everything in a recirculating system is more concentrated so we have to actually build
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00154-00102928-00103640 biological filters which really just provides surface area for aerobic bacteria that will
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00155-00103640-00104344 convert ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate and we would test for these all on a daily basis
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00156-00104344-00104911 to monitor the health of the system because this is really what drives the health of the animals
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00157-00104911-00105440 how many animals you can hold and thus how much feed you put in which is what produces the uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00158-00105688-00106176 ammonia nitrite so this is like the heartbeat of your system and you want to monitor this very
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00159-00106176-00107096 closely also note it's aerobic so this is also an oxygen demand on your system and we'll look at
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00160-00107096-00107856 that next here's another design of a biological filter this is a rotating biological contactor
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00161-00107856-00108456 again it's air driven or water driven with paddle wheels in the middle and this just kind of spur
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00162-00108456-00109048 turns maybe once a minute and the bacteria go in the water get ammonium nitrite then they come out
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00163-00109048-00109816 of the water use some atmospheric oxygen and they do this conversion low tech low cost to operate
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00164-00109944-00110783 you can get into more commercial systems that are called mixed bed bioreactors or fluidized beds
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00165-00110840-00111535 um they work very efficiently they have very high uh ammonia and nitrite removal rates
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00166-00111600-00111944 and it's basically just a tank that you aerate so it bubbles
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00167-00112008-00112720 and these types of media just kind of float up and down and boil like spaghetti and the bacteria will
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00168-00112776-00113183 adhere on the surfaces of this and do all of your nitrification
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00169-00113432-00114183 so this is the ins and outs of your biological filters their efficiency is based upon uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00170-00114183-00115008 surface area per volume so the higher the surface area per unit volume the more effective your bio
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00171-00115008-00115600 filter should be just like a tank just like your fish tank you want to make sure your biological
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00172-00115600-00116232 filters are self-cleaning and not collecting solids so in this case here you'll have your
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00173-00116232-00116744 aerators all the way on the bottom so you don't get a dead space where solids can collect you
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00174-00116744-00117311 want your biofilters also to be self-cleaning just like your fish tanks solids should only
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00175-00117311-00118328 collect in your solids collection devices some do both they collect solids and do nitrification
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00176-00118328-00118983 this is an example here of a uh bubble bead filter you can buy these online here's an inside picture
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00177-00118983-00119559 the dirty water comes in from the fish tank it goes through here the solids collect on the beads
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00178-00119688-00120256 um as the water goes through the beads there's also bacteria so it converts the ammonia to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00179-00120256-00120759 nitrite to nitrate and then it leaves the problem with these is the solids collect
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00180-00120759-00121344 on top of the bacteria so this biofilter does not work the same between backwashes
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00181-00121344-00121959 it goes from really clean and effective after you backwash to probably less than half active area
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00182-00121959-00122583 by the time you have to backwash it again so be careful on your calculations if you use something
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00183-00122583-00123335 that removes solids and does biofiltration at the same time it can get you into trouble i
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00184-00123335-00123792 would use something like this just for solids removal and then have a biofilter afterwards
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00185-00124048-00124504 let's talk about oxygen whether it's fish or shrimp they gotta have it
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00186-00124559-00125144 uh and as we can see on this slide there's lots of things that are taking the oxygen out of the water
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00187-00125232-00125744 the fish of course are using it or the shrimp whatever we're growing so that's a net loss of
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00188-00125744-00126520 oxygen we talked about the biofilter being aerobic the bacteria converting the ammonia to nitrite and
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00189-00126520-00127264 nitrate use oxygen and we have biological oxygen demand just bacteria that are in the water that
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00190-00127264-00127648 are on the solids in the water which is why we want to get rid of those and then also a
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00191-00127648-00128311 small amount of chemical oxygen demand which we usually don't calculate for but these all uh take
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00192-00128311-00128911 oxygen out of the water and if you have a very intensive system with lots of fish you can go
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00193-00128911-00129488 to lethal conditions literally within minutes of a power failure depending upon your oxygen
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00194-00129488-00130152 supply so you have to have emergency backups but oxygen demand it's very important to understand
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00195-00130152-00130696 where it comes from and then here we can look at some of the ways that we get the oxygen back
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00196-00130864-00131896 for low tech systems low density systems it's very simple this is just a regular uh pond aerator
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00197-00131896-00132304 that you float between two strings to the side of a tank there's a propeller under the water
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00198-00132360-00132760 it splashes the water into the air and you can see there's lots of contact and
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00199-00132760-00133472 there's lots of oxygen being transferred by one small maybe a third horsepower
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00200-00133472-00134328 uh floating aerator these work very fine in tanks um we can use uh rotary vane air blowers this is a
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00201-00134328-00135072 typical one you buy from an online catalog for aquaculture supplies and this just compresses
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00202-00135072-00135568 regular air it sucks it in through this filter compresses compresses it here in a rotary vein
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00203-00135624-00136168 and then you blow it through air stones in the bottom of the tank very effective
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00204-00136440-00136832 keep in mind both of these require electricity which is a cost
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00205-00136832-00137256 and the more oxygen you need because you have more fish and you feed more you need more oxygen
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00206-00137256-00137760 you have to have bigger aerators or more aerators and then at some point you get to a point where
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00207-00137760-00138400 you can't get enough oxygen from these two and then you end up buying pure oxygen for anybody
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00208-00138400-00138872 that's just getting into aquaculture i would say stay away from systems where you need pure oxygen
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00209-00138928-00139576 stick with these types of passive aeration devices but keep the pure oxygen around for emergencies
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00210-00139712-00140016 in case you lose power your aerator breaks or something
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00211-00140096-00140568 and the nice thing is you can just have an oxygen tank and you can have it on a
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00212-00140568-00141336 solenoid where power is on the solenoid is closed and then if the power cuts off the solenoid opens
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00213-00141392-00141800 and then you have it already preset with flow meters to your air stones
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00214-00141856-00142512 so for the price of a small solenoid if the power goes out your fish tank will automatically get
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00215-00142512-00143152 predetermined amounts of pure oxygen while you get your alarm while you drive to the fish barn or
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00216-00143152-00143800 wherever you are there's fairly simple ways to set up emergency aeration before you get people there
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00217-00143864-00144464 so just something to think about before your first power failure results in lots of dead animals
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00218-00144848-00145376 talk briefly about water movement remember we need to move the water in the tank for
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00219-00145376-00145856 the fish we need to move the water in the tank so that the solids go
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00220-00145856-00146456 to the uh area where we're going to pull them out and we need to move the water through the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00221-00146456-00147056 recirculating system so we've got to go from the tank to the solids filter to the biological filter
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00222-00147152-00147768 so we can use regular impellers these are like pool pumps jacuzzis we can use air lifts again
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00223-00147768-00148296 for low density systems an air lift may be a good way the same thing that does aeration can move
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00224-00148296-00148920 your water this is just like an airlift in your aquarium the bubble comes in goes up it pulls the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00225-00148920-00149568 water with it and comes out the top and then we have propeller pumps like you use in agriculture
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00226-00149632-00150280 uh these produce very high flow rates with very low head very low electrical consumption but they
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00227-00150280-00150888 they can only lift the water efficiently probably six to eight inches so it's a way it's a way to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00228-00150888-00151344 mechanize an air lift where there's very low head differentials with these types of pumps
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00229-00151344-00152120 here you can pump the water up 10 15 feet 10 15 20 psi keep in mind the more you pressurize the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00230-00152120-00152664 water the higher you pump it the more electricity you're going to use all the parts we're talking
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00231-00152664-00153192 about on a system you want to keep in mind the operational cost what does it cost you every
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00232-00153192-00153840 day to you know supply the electricity how long does the equipment last etcetera and very briefly
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00233-00153984-00154784 water disinfection or sterilization uv is very common here the water comes from your recirc
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00234-00154784-00155328 system after it's been polished comes down here and there's a sleeve in here with a uv bulb the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00235-00155328-00155864 water basically the bacteria and viruses can be killed by the uv and then the clean water here is
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00236-00155864-00156576 going to the bio filter so we can do some fairly simple disinfection with different doses of uv
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00237-00156760-00157200 protein skimming is a nice way to remove small suspended particles
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00238-00157264-00157752 and dissolved organics you can google these online or refer back to this powerpoint
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00239-00157752-00158192 which will be made available here's just some pictures of some small ones that you can buy
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00240-00158288-00158784 if this system had a lot of fish in it you see tons of brown bubbles coming out of here
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00241-00158784-00159312 going down this tube into your collection bucket and every day you'll pick out two or three gallons
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00242-00159312-00159840 of what looks like the end of your coffee pot after you left it on all day those are very
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00243-00159840-00160416 difficult things to filter out but you can very effectively pull them out with protein skimming
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00244-00160416-00160888 so something to keep in mind if you have to have really clean water for your fish like for trout
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00245-00161088-00161464 and we're just bouncing through some of the stuff you'll find online when you look at systems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00246-00161536-00162176 here we'll just look at a couple of very simple systems here we can see six independent systems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00247-00162176-00162640 each has its own little bead filter in this case we're using them for solids removal and
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00248-00162640-00163184 biological filtration these were low density systems we were doing uh flounder production in
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00249-00163240-00163984 again you can see how you can stack them nicely not utilizing the floor very well again this is a
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00250-00163984-00164512 recirc environment if this was a production floor you'd want all your tanks very close together just
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00251-00164512-00165120 enough space to walk between and harvest so you could put as many tanks as possible into the room
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00252-00165120-00165616 but you can see these things stack very nicely we have the rounded corner tanks work very nicely
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00253-00165744-00166392 simple designs uh here's one where they're producing you can do minnows or fish
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00254-00166392-00166872 for the ornamental trade if you want to do angel fish or guppies here the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00255-00166872-00167384 system is all on the bottom we have solids removal biological filter uv sterilization
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00256-00167456-00167856 and then the water comes back up into all these tanks so these are all independent tanks
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00257-00167984-00168552 individual tanks but they all flow on this main system so we can have different life stages again
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00258-00168552-00169016 lots of different ways to do it you can just buy glass aquaria and you can connect them to a system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00259-00169016-00169784 like this very very easy to do and here's a shot kind of of an integrated aquaponics uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00260-00169784-00170440 tank here's where the tilapia or uh perch are in this case then we go through our solids uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00261-00170440-00170984 filter and biological filter and then it goes up into the plants which of course now we're
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00262-00170984-00171568 going to remove the nitrates and then this is all gravity flow to here gravity flow here and then
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00263-00171568-00172088 gravity flow back to your tank one of your rules of thumbs is you only want to pump water once
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00264-00172152-00172728 and let design move it through the rest of your systems i think here we think we're doing
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00265-00172728-00173248 lettuce and a few different things so you can see a very very simple very clean system nothing fancy
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00266-00173344-00174344 works very well so just in review uh for design considerations are you raising trout or tilapia
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00267-00174344-00175104 or catfish or you know what do those fish want and need that's going to impact the shape design
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00268-00175104-00175848 and water flows in your tanks um what life stages if you're producing fingerling they
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00269-00175848-00176768 generally need cleaner water um than adult fish that you're doing grow out on uh and young fish
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00270-00176768-00177264 need more exchange rates again they need super super clean water compared to grow out
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00271-00177264-00177792 so life stage is important maybe you're going to produce fingerling to sell to other farmers well a
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00272-00177792-00178264 fingerling system is going to be different than a grow-out system so just kind of keep those in mind
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00273-00178496-00178792 where you're going to do it look at your water sources
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00274-00178864-00179512 you know do you have good ground water um is that groundwater does it make it through droughts
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00275-00179584-00180160 you know talk to other farmers or people in the area what happens over 10 years when was the last
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00276-00180160-00180784 drought were the wells still running good or did the water quality change um you know how
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00277-00180864-00181400 how intense do you want to run the systems these are all important to how much water you may use
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00278-00181400-00182024 remember we talked about exchange rates and then uh buying the equipment it's very easy to just
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00279-00182024-00182488 buy a turnkey system off the internet problems are you're probably going to spend a lot of money
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00280-00182544-00183008 and then is that equipment that you can get locally serviced at your local garage or local
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00281-00183008-00183832 handyman mechanic or maybe that's you um make sure it's stuff that you can replace effectively
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00282-00183904-00184336 look at your energy costs look at your power demand curves on your pumps and your pressures
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00283-00184400-00185072 uh you know it's the basic gallons and then head pressure so you want to have high gallon low
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00284-00185072-00185816 head pressure uh for energy efficiency so always calculate those look at durability serviceability
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00285-00185816-00186264 again you don't want stuff that you know the pumps come out of europe or something which happens
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00286-00186320-00186960 and then it's really expensive to uh to replace or repair if we just want to look at trends
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00287-00187032-00187504 um probably the most common one is people are looking for higher value animals
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00288-00187560-00188272 particularly smaller producers and they don't sell into commodity markets they sell into
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00289-00188272-00188928 niche markets so if you're producing trout or tilapia or perch as food fish on a small scale
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00290-00189064-00189672 to be economically viable you're going to try to sell direct to the end consumer whether it's a
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00291-00189672-00190112 restaurant whether it's somebody that's going to come by and buy the fish for
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00292-00190168-00190800 for their house uh for their fish fry or whatever they're doing you try to knock out the middlemen
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00293-00190800-00191384 so that you retain more of the value and people are always looking for the next high-value species
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00294-00191456-00191920 so depending where you are look to see what people are around you look for
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00295-00191920-00192376 or the small restaurants the mom and pops you know they're probably buying cisco or something
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00296-00192376-00192688 see if they're interested and what would they be interested in um
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00297-00192864-00193448 again we got lots of different things uh that are being grown in virginia fresh water salt
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00298-00193448-00193984 water brackish ornamental doesn't have to be for food it could be to sell to pet stores or
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00299-00194072-00194664 different places could be for stock enhancement here's some fresh water prawn that were produced
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00300-00194664-00195400 here is a bronze farm hybrid stripe bass are a favorite for fresh water recirculating systems and
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00301-00195400-00196264 then as promised this is at the end so you will have a copy of this this is kind of a combination
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00302-00196344-00196968 of good aquaculture practices for recirc systems here you can see a little bit of some design
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00303-00196968-00197568 suggestions on percents of flow rates to different parts of the systems there's different suggestions
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00304-00197568-00198504 for water qualities uh system operations marketing um so again there's just i found this would be a
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00305-00198504-00198992 value to put in it's part of a series which we put together with david and brian and others uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00306-00198992-00199456 this one was particular for recirc systems but there's lots of good common sense things in here
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00307-00199528-00200144 uh that would help that will help you as you design or improve your systems so this has been
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00308-00200144-00200696 tacked onto the powerpoint that you guys will have available and you can read through it uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00309-00200760-00201336 later at your convenience and as always you can reach out to any of us uh at virginia
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00310-00201336-00201848 cooperative extension or any questions in the future problems uh reach out anytime
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00311-00202008-00202744 and okay i'll hand this back over okay mike and i guess this can be for you and or david
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00312-00202816-00203560 but um can let's see wait hold on let me get back up here can the particulate from protein
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00313-00203560-00204360 skimming be used in compost i asked the person if they were just raising fish or if they also
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00314-00204360-00205271 plan to use some of that effluent for fertilizing plants and they said both so um can you give us
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00315-00205271-00206016 some input absolutely that's a very good question and the answer is absolutely so long as this isn't
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00316-00206016-00206696 the salt system as long as it's a fresh water there's going to be very concentrated fine solids
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00317-00206767-00207384 uh as well as nutrients you would want to run these through a either as a soil application
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00318-00207464-00207888 or if you're going to put this into a hydroponics you might want to just run it through a little
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00319-00207967-00208592 uh biological reactor to convert everything into nitrates remember a lot of what's going
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00320-00208592-00209080 to be in here is going to be the actual organics that haven't been broken down yet so the solids
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00321-00209080-00209944 you can compost the dissolved solids you can uh you know put into a small reactor and produce
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00322-00209944-00210344 lots of nitrogen nitrate but yes there's a lot of value in that if you're looking
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00323-00210344-00210640 at a sustainable system we're trying to where you're trying to keep everything
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00324-00210696-00211160 this is concentrating a lot of the stuff that you would want to use if you're going to grow plants
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00325-00211296-00211584 very good question yeah i was going to say mike you know
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00326-00211680-00212280 yes is definitely to all this stuff the best thing that is on this system is when you do a
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00327-00212336-00212984 decoupled system from a ras to a hydroponics taking the solids and everything else we've
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00328-00212984-00213552 been doing that with small aquaponics systems on a decoupled uh basis and it works very well
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00329-00213680-00214184 you know because it allows you to add fertilizer if you need to to make sure
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00330-00214184-00214871 that your plants are growing properly so yes you can do this great stuff for your garden
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00331-00215160-00215967 and then there's another one um are chemicals that are used to remove chlorine or chloroamine
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00332-00216048-00216688 from urban water systems that are used in the ras units approved for use in food production systems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00333-00217016-00217671 i'm going to say 99.9 yes yeah i've not seen a circumstance where they're not
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00334-00217864-00218504 yeah and we've been using that stuff for years so it's approved because the probably
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00335-00218504-00218992 use those and uh some waste treatment plants some of those chemicals sometimes
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00336-00219080-00219888 but um go back to the compost in question if they have extra solids that would probably be ideal to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00337-00219888-00220736 compost and then the effluent or compost tea or whatever you want to call it the uh the tea the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00338-00220880-00221456 that has the fertile the liquid fertilizer in it that you run through the plants then you know that
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00339-00221456-00221888 of course can be taken up by the plants i just wanted to clarify that a little bit more yeah
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00340-00221888-00222384 yeah and i just backed up to the solids equipment when you backwash these systems you're going to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00341-00222384-00223056 get a very concentrated solids coming out so that would be very good to go to compost because that's
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00342-00223056-00223664 going to be very heavily solids laden so that's something you would put into compost in fact uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00343-00223664-00224080 mike i think you could probably go directly into your garden bed with some of this stuff
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00344-00224080-00224776 because it is lots of organic materials to begin with and just work it into your soil well and but
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00345-00224776-00225328 some of the raw stuff you want to be very careful uh as far as like from a food safety standpoint
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00346-00225416-00226360 too yeah because it's it's possible to have fecal coliforms e coli uh it's possible to have these
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00347-00226360-00226792 from different things that may be in your barn maybe a rat ran through at night over
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00348-00226792-00227312 the rafters and pooped in the water so composting will take care of all that
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00349-00227896-00228360 all right that's all the questions i see in the chat box i don't think i've missed anything
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00350-00228360-00229048 okay okay yeah mark i'm gonna be up next and you got the uh the powerpoint for me
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00351-00229048-00230432 please ah there we go okay expand that up if you don't mind
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00352-00230712-00231352 there we go okay thank you uh this section we're going to cover a little bit about water quality
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00353-00231352-00232023 and fish health there's got to probably be some redundancy but that's okay uh water quality is
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00354-00232023-00232712 one of your most important aspects of raising fish in any kind of system and basically we're
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00355-00232712-00233071 going to be kind of talking a little bit about aquaponics and ras next slide please
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00356-00233704-00234336 next slide please okay basically uh aquaponic systems tend to be smaller scale
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00357-00234448-00234792 water quality issues can occur in these systems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00358-00234792-00235576 uh you still need to be monitoring the water quality for uh toxic ammonia ph and
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00359-00235576-00236136 things of that nature uh but it's a little bit different than a larger scale next slide please
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00360-00236680-00237416 you know a big huge uh ras operation uh their problems gonna be more different and
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00361-00237416-00238128 different uh situation different critical things to go affect them more so because the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00362-00238128-00238656 intensity of raising fish trying to get more fish per gallon of water
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00363-00238656-00239584 versus aquaponic system which tends to be far less fish per gallon next next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00364-00239680-00240432 regardless of uh the situation yet doesn't matter if you're raising fishing ponds tanks aquaponics
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00365-00240432-00241071 or recirculating aquaculture system fish kills will occur next slide hit the button again
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00366-00241288-00241952 and and you don't want to see fish with x's on their eyes that means you just lost a lot of money
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00367-00241952-00242448 so basically you need to be aware what will kill your fish in these systems next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00368-00242728-00243336 just to understand how things work why fish die why we have have problems with
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00369-00243560-00243967 diseases and water quality hit the button again
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00370-00244200-00244960 hit the button again and hit the button again there we go basically we're looking at aquaponics
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00371-00245160-00245767 ras system we're looking at the environment you gotta realize we're using a bio filter
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00372-00245767-00246480 we're actually trying to create an artificial environment to take care of the water quality
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00373-00246480-00247064 if the water quality in these systems get bad we also have pathogens there's pathogens out there
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00374-00247064-00247488 and we've got hosts our fish so we've got these 3 components
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00375-00247488-00248128 that are involved in our fish health model if the environment goes bad next slide please
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00376-00248440-00248640 go ahead and hit the button a couple of times please
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00377-00248832-00249519 we get a disease situation the environment merges the pathogens and hose together
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00378-00249519-00250096 to create a disease situation out there or or the water quality gets so bad that we end up with a
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00379-00250096-00250784 disease situation so water quality environments drives many of our fish health issues next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00380-00251256-00251967 uh again this is going to be our key to uh to our fish health is environmental stress and again
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00381-00251967-00252592 we don't want to see a tank full of dead fish because we ignored our water quality monitoring
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00382-00252808-00253000 across for doing this next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00383-00253376-00254223 okay the other aspect that's going to keep our fish healthy and alive and everything else we need
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00384-00254223-00254848 to look at what are what is our practices that we're doing what is our husbandry what is we need
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00385-00254848-00255432 to look at having good fish husbandry you know we gotta look at stocking rates you know we're
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00386-00255528-00256200 you know if we got a small aquaponic system we don't want to try to force a pound per gallon in
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00387-00256200-00256728 a system like that so we need to look at those kind of things now how many pounds per gallon
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00388-00256728-00257223 we're trying to push into these systems is critical you know what is our feeding how
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00389-00257223-00257832 we're feeding these fish again feeding is pretty important because feeding is what's going to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00390-00257832-00258384 deteriorate the water quality of these systems and if again if the water quality
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00391-00258384-00258984 uh deteriorates we're going to have issues and again we got to be looking at our at our
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00392-00258984-00259480 bio filters so water quality management feeding rate stocking rates is some of
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00393-00259480-00259936 the critical things we want to look at is for having good fish husbandry next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00394-00260271-00261032 okay depending on the level of production that you're trying to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00395-00261032-00261504 do you're going to probably want to have some kind of water quality test kit
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00396-00261567-00262264 whether or not it's a type that you get down at your aquarium store or where not you go ahead and
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00397-00262264-00262784 spray and get yourself a professional water testing kit if you're doing uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00398-00262960-00263592 recirculating aquaculture systems you definitely gonna have a decent kit to measure the watercraft
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00399-00263592-00264392 and things that we want to look at for testing your hardness alkalinity ph total nitrogen tan
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00400-00264472-00265056 even chlorides might be something and temperature and nitrite so these are some of the basic
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00401-00265232-00265784 water quality test kits uh parameters that we need you might want to get one that does
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00402-00265784-00266248 nitrates too so because you want to know how much nitrates you're getting into your system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00403-00266248-00266992 that's going to be good for your plants again these systems can uh you can buy little strips or
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00404-00266992-00267664 small test kits that run from 23 dollars all the way up to kits that cost 350 dollars next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00405-00268128-00268760 again the artificial ecology is what's gonna keep your water quality good again
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00406-00268760-00269376 mike talked about the bio filter again you notice you got these beads the surface areas
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00407-00269376-00270024 is critical more surface areas you have more bacteria is going to grow another thing is
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00408-00270024-00270432 make sure that these beads are always moving and not getting clogged
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00409-00270432-00270760 if these start getting clogged you're not going to have a good biofilter next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00410-00271104-00271800 again just simplistic picture view of what a biofilter does the fish and feed is going
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00411-00271800-00272696 to be ammonia it's going to be getting ammonia oxidizing bacteria nitrite oxidizing bacteria
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00412-00272696-00273368 and we're going to get nitrates to be used for the plant so we got the bugs on the bio filter
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00413-00273368-00273880 the bacteria in the bio filter that's going to produce the nitrates for the plants next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00414-00274240-00275176 a little bit more detail here you know fish waste food excess any kind of organic matter it gets in
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00415-00275176-00275712 your system it's going to be great it's going to create ammonia problems we're talking about total
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00416-00275768-00276536 nitrogen uh unionized and ionized ammonia unionized ammonia is what toxic to fish
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00417-00276616-00277360 and ionized ammonia is not so we gotta watch out how much uh unionized ammonia we have in
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00418-00277360-00278032 the system the higher the ph higher temperature more toxic ammonia we have again we got these
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00419-00278032-00278848 aerobic bacteria nitrous amonas that produces the nitrates and nitrite no2 can be toxic to fish
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00420-00278848-00279376 that can cause some problems too then nitrobacter nitrates you know you got your plants some
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00421-00279376-00279936 algae they're always algae growing somewhere especially if you've got a greenhouse and a small
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00422-00279936-00280536 aquaponic system and then eventually to nitrogen and then atmosphere next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00423-00280856-00281528 again uh just to show you that there's sometimes a lag time you know you always get your ammonia
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00424-00281528-00282088 spikes first then your nitrite then your nitrate and it could take up to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00425-00282144-00282472 two to three weeks for this biofilter really get matured
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00426-00282608-00283464 next slide again just looking at the different biofilter medias there's a lot of them
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00427-00283464-00283936 if they get clogged they won't work so you got to keep an eye on this you know if you're
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00428-00283936-00284528 not getting your solids out of the systems the solids will plug up the biomedia and then you
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00429-00284528-00285208 won't have your artificial ecology or biofilter not working then you go see all sorts of extreme
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00430-00285320-00285976 problems with your water quality like ammonia especially ammonia nitrates next next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00431-00286264-00286432 oxygen level is very critical
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00432-00286656-00287400 so if you're going to be in this professionally raising fish and recirculating aquaculture system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00433-00287400-00288272 of any kind of intensity it pays to invest into a meter if you're a small scale operation
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00434-00288272-00288864 with a back uh backyard aquaponics system you're probably not going to need this but you still
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00435-00288864-00289480 want to be able to check your water quality for different uh parameters like ammonia ph
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00436-00289480-00290232 and stuff like that again if the oxygen levels fall below five in a system you
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00437-00290232-00290776 can have some problems once you start hitting around three you're looking at very lethal uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00438-00290904-00291816 oxygen levels you know some species are more tolerant tilapia is known to somehow survive
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00439-00291880-00292544 lethal levels of low oxygen but not all of them any fish will succumb to low oxygen levels
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00440-00292544-00293608 next slide again aeration make sure that you get narration not only to your fish but also into your
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00441-00293784-00294800 bio filter next slide again hardness is pretty important if you want these systems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00442-00294800-00295664 to function properly make sure you have adequate levels of calcium in the system some species need
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00443-00295664-00296096 hardness in the system and they won't grow or you will have problems hybrid striped bass is
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00444-00296096-00296776 one of these systems i like to see uh hardness at least around 100 parts or better in a system uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00445-00296776-00297592 calcium chloride works anything calcium carbonate works too anything that you can get calcium into
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00446-00297592-00298240 the system because your biofilter and plants gonna need it as well as your fish gonna need
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00447-00298240-00298736 calcium in the system so this is something that you would share kind of like basis next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00448-00299000-00299472 uh alkalinity this is your carbonates and bicarbonates in the system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00449-00299472-00300336 you can see there's a strip system you don't have to spend uh 350 for for a test kit you can buy
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00450-00300336-00301160 these strips systems for about 15 dollars and you get anywhere about 50 to 100 strips in a system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00451-00301160-00301632 and that can check your water quality pretty easily we want to be putting sodium bicarbonate
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00452-00301632-00302136 this is something i would check on on a daily basis because if your carbonates bicarbonates
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00453-00302248-00302944 get very low your system's not going to work very well uh look at how much feed you're going you
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00454-00302944-00303384 want to add some sodium bicarbonate on a regular basis and i like to maintain at least about 100
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00455-00303384-00304032 parts per million but only it's also going to help buff for the water for the ph change in the system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00456-00304032-00304720 so we don't get real high spikes or real low typically in recirculating aquaculture
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00457-00304720-00305280 aquaponics systems we always see a drop in ph to low levels and we've seen them
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00458-00305280-00305856 get down very low we're not going to see our biological filter operate next slide please
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00459-00306088-00307064 ph this is critical uh once you start getting down below seven uh in a system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00460-00307128-00307944 uh your filtering system the bacteria not going to operate plants like lower ph you know ph 6.5
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00461-00307944-00308792 is probably great for tomatoes but not for the bio filter so we want to look at this look at the ph
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00462-00308792-00309280 every day there's simple systems out there don't cost a whole lot of money but this is something i
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00463-00309280-00309824 would look at every day and see what it's doing if the ph starts dropping you know that means
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00464-00309824-00310520 your biofilter uh needs some more alkalinity in the system to get it going or or you're going to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00465-00310520-00311280 end up with a biofilter that's collapsing on you so check this on it every day i don't expect to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00466-00311280-00312048 see lethal ph in these systems but we do like to see it somewhere in the seven and a half range
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00467-00312048-00313176 in these systems next slide okay we talked about water quality earlier about how the biofilter
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00468-00313176-00313880 how we go from ammonia to nitrites nitrites is a can be a problem in the system for different
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00469-00313880-00314792 species of fish catfish and rainbow trout are very sensitive to nitrites in the system uh tilapia
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00470-00314792-00315488 not so much bluegills not so much so the species of fish you're dealing with
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00471-00315488-00315936 will be affected differently for nitrates basically what nitrites do
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00472-00316000-00316760 uh the no2 gets into the bloodstream attaches to the hemoglobin and this prevents oxygen molecules
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00473-00316760-00317688 attaching which causes a toxicity effect it turns the fish blood brown there's an example of what
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00474-00317744-00318432 what normal blood looks the top picture of catfish is brown and that's due to nitrite toxicity uh any
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00475-00318432-00319040 kind of chlorides in the system will help prevent this toxicity problem happening and it probably
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00476-00319040-00319584 will not be enough chlorides to affect your plants common salt is what we use next slide please
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00477-00319864-00320592 okay again total ammonia nitrogen this is going to be the killer in your system uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00478-00320592-00320928 you know you're putting a lot of organic stuff into the system feed waste
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00479-00320992-00321600 and your bio filter is trying to move this for the system into nitrates and nitrogen again
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00480-00321688-00322368 it doesn't take a whole lot of um of ammonia in the system especially the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00481-00322368-00323000 uh the unionized ammonia you know there's a graph there shows the two types of ammonia in this
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00482-00323000-00323992 system as we climb in ph and temperature we get more toxic among which is the hello the unionized
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00483-00324680-00325776 next slide okay quickly we're getting close to the end uh temperature relationships
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00484-00325776-00326384 and diseases are quite commonly known certain diseases will grow only at certain temperatures
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00485-00326448-00326808 so you know monitoring the temperature of your system is a good idea next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00486-00327224-00328024 again depending on your system if you have a large recirculating aquaculture system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00487-00328024-00328704 you definitely want to look at some kind of bio security plan using asset principles to develop
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00488-00328704-00329272 it there's a lot of public occasions right now that's out there because you don't want to end up
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00489-00329272-00329776 getting some kind of pathogen that results in some kind of quarantine that does happen i've known
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00490-00329848-00330952 farmers that been quarantined due to pathogens next slide please okay and so basically we want
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00491-00330952-00331984 to keep the bugs out not these particular bugs but we want to keep uh fish bugs out next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00492-00332048-00332992 again uh a fish this has a wormy life these are just all the little critters that you can find
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00493-00332992-00333536 just one species of fish i mean there's a lot of different parasites a lot of different worms
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00494-00333536-00333984 that gets in the fish it's just matter knowing where to look for them to find them
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00495-00334040-00334784 so we want to try to keep some of these problems out of our system next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00496-00334920-00335752 okay biosecurity depending on your situation uh we have a situation where all trucks going into the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00497-00335752-00336312 facility go through some kind of disinfectant you know foot baths you know keeping your
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00498-00336416-00337192 materials clean uh not using the same net for everything on the farm things of that nature so
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00499-00337264-00338072 make sure that on your biosecurity you start with people people is what you got to watch out for
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00500-00338072-00338984 that's the uh controlling factor of biosecurity is limiting people into the system next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00501-00339288-00339600 okay here just some simple things disinfected
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00502-00340320-00340488 doctor crosby we just lost you
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00503-00341376-00341864 well thanks get rid of that fish you know we're talking about checking water quality
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00504-00341864-00342272 things of that nature uh make sure you do this on a daily basis next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00505-00342696-00343336 okay uh the other thing we want to be aware of when it comes to any kind of disease situation
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00506-00343336-00343944 is look for behavioral changes behavioral changes it's usually one of the first indication that
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00507-00343944-00344584 we're having a problem feeding behavior swimming behavior some kind of erratic swim behavior
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00508-00344648-00345288 fish conjugating around the edge or coming up to the surface doing all this erratic behavior
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00509-00345288-00345872 it could be because of ammonia spike in the system the things of that nature so look for
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00510-00345872-00346632 behavior if you see a change in behavior there could be a problem with diseases next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00511-00347072-00347848 again just to show you that a couple of pieces are common in some of the systems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00512-00347952-00348632 and i'm going to have some tilapia here because everybody thinks tilapia is an invincible fish
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00513-00348632-00349200 they're not they can get sick and they can get diseases here's a tilapia with some
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00514-00349200-00349752 aeromonas lesions that have died from that had an aeromonas infection uh they can get
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00515-00349752-00350256 sick from that so that's one of the bacterial diseases that can't we actually see aeromonas
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00516-00350256-00350872 with and other species of fish in these systems like bluegills so if we get that environmental
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00517-00350872-00351584 stress aeromonas is one of the first bacteria that can come in and cause us some problems next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00518-00352160-00352216 next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00519-00352512-00353264 let's see there we go um streptococcosis can be a problem for
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00520-00353320-00354040 systems especially large recirculating systems we haven't seen this in small systems we've been
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00521-00354040-00354632 monitoring doing some surveys of small aquaponics systems and one of the things we've been looking
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00522-00354632-00355168 for is for streptococcus in these systems one thing that we want to watch out for
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00523-00355224-00356128 is one of the problems that strep can do to a system is cause us very uh bad mortality problem
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00524-00356128-00356880 which could end up being a complete shutdown and and uh disinfecting the whole system one thing
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00525-00356880-00357656 that we want to look out for is uh parasites in the fish giodaculus is a protozoa is a a
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00526-00357928-00358584 parasite a motogenic parasite that can get on the gills and skin and there's a lot of
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00527-00358696-00359416 papers and indication that these things have a nice anchor hook system that hurts the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00528-00359416-00359984 epidermis uh makes breaks in the gills that allows for streptococcus in the skin next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00529-00360456-00361200 okay uh the the common parasite that we see on these efficiency systems is trichodina
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00530-00361200-00361672 which is this protozoan parasite it's gotta call it the flea of the fish world next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00531-00361952-00362344 hit the button there we go and these things can be pretty intense on a fish
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00532-00362424-00363072 okay another one to look out for is another protozoan now you can go ahead that's fine
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00533-00363376-00363704 another protozoan we want to look at is ich
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00534-00363704-00364504 which is a ciliated protozoan it gets on fish this is something that you would not suspect uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00535-00364576-00365136 getting it into a system because she got controlled system and fish grow however
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00536-00365344-00365952 other species the fish like bluegills there are typically can carry something like this
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00537-00365952-00366624 that you stock into into a system uh if you're stocking in light where the temperatures are below
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00538-00366624-00367344 80 degrees it can form in your system and forgo stock bluegills i tend to stock them
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00539-00367344-00367912 uh for the summertime where our temperatures our tanks are going to be above 80. otherwise
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00540-00367912-00368408 you're going to have to have a start controlling these things as long as water temperature is below
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00541-00368408-00369240 80 degrees so this this stuff can happen even in a recirculating system even though uh ich is one
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00542-00369240-00370000 of the things you find in pondfish next slide yeah there's just a picture of that next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00543-00370728-00371392 okay okay what are your contingency plans so you're having a situation you're having problems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00544-00371392-00372008 you're looking at your fish it's hanging upside down you have to look at the gills and just see
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00545-00372008-00372808 tons of parasites all over the place i mean it's packed in uh at high density so what do you do
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00546-00372864-00373520 what about your clients how are you gonna deal with the situation how you go treat
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00547-00373520-00374184 this situation who you gonna call who you gonna bring in to take care of the problem uh these are
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00548-00374184-00374632 all things that you gotta ask yourself and have some kind of contingency plan to take care of
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00549-00374632-00375432 this situation so when you see dead fish popping up so what do you do have a plan next slide please
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00550-00375752-00376408 now what do you do you call somebody that knows something about fish uh next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00551-00376768-00377288 you know there's fish health specialists there's veterinarians out there there's uh fish health
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00552-00377288-00377840 researchers there's aquaculture specialists that can help you on uh with your problem next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00553-00377840-00378808 please there we go next slide let's just keep going next slide and just because somebody
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00554-00378808-00379864 works in fish health doesn't mean they can't raise fish again under covid 19 uh we're not
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00555-00379864-00380520 at the farm anymore but we do have phone numbers and we can try to help you out the best we can
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00556-00380576-00381184 uh again fish never gets sick during regular office hours we don't have regular office hours
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00557-00381184-00381920 anymore so you know things happen at midnight on saturday night now that's when problems
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00558-00381920-00382560 occur so have a contingency plan have some biosecurity and everything else next slide please
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00559-00382824-00383528 okay take home here having a healthy aquatic environment for fish is critical that's the
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00560-00383528-00384208 reason we have water test kits to keep an eye on things like ammonia in the system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00561-00384264-00385000 ph check the alkalinity we want to make sure we have good fish husbandry not trying to
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00562-00385000-00385728 stock too many fish in a small aquaponics situation or if we have a large ras system
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00563-00385728-00386112 we're trying to get a lot of fish in there make sure that we have adequate oxygen levels
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00564-00386112-00386848 for them test of water quality have some kind of bio security contingency plan next slide
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00565-00387400-00388064 and that's the end we're a little bit over the hour i kind of went for that fairly quickly but
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00566-00388064-00388840 again the point is fish will die we will have water quality problems and you need to be
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00567-00388840-00389592 able to deal with the situations as they arise and that's what we're here for tell that okay
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00568-00389744-00390616 okay any questions okay doc i do have one in the chat box um why is there such a high failure rate
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00569-00390616-00391192 of aquaponics operations when they attempt to take them to a larger commercial scale
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00570-00391440-00391920 it's probably uh production costs not being able to produce enough fish
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00571-00392112-00392720 you know if i if i was going to a large scale i would just be totally separated i'll be doing
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00572-00392720-00393552 recirculating aquaculture then just uh hydroponics aquaponics is what he things is designed more
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00573-00393552-00394384 or less for a small scale more so self-reliant system uh because it's a low production end it's
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00574-00394384-00395232 very extensive and when you're trying to raise fish for profit you need to be more intensive
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00575-00395368-00396192 because you're talking about pounds per unit it's just like if i had a pond
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00576-00396192-00396840 and i'm growing fish out there if i got 3 000 pounds per acre and if i can get that up to 3
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00577-00396840-00397440 500 pounds per acre i'm doing a lot better but if you've got a small aquaponic system you're
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00578-00397440-00398080 trying to go to eighth of a pound a quarter pound per gallon and trying to push it up to higher
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00579-00398168-00398920 uh numbers you're going to tend to be a failure in that aspect because the system can't handle it
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00580-00398976-00399736 but if i had a recirculating aquaculture system like mike has shown with bead filters you know
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00581-00399736-00400264 high-end equipment then i can take that fish up to almost a pound uh and get a better
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00582-00400264-00401064 production so we're talking about extensive versus intensive the the thing with aquaponics is that
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00583-00401136-00401688 it's a cool factor uh you know when you tell you folks you're raising fish and tanks and
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00584-00401688-00402424 doing hydroponics just so so so but soon as you say aquaponics everybody kind of gets the eyes
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00585-00402424-00403192 wide open they get high interest and they want to do it it's a fairly uh unique system but it's
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00586-00403192-00403880 just not capable of really handling the numbers because we need to have production to make money
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00587-00403976-00404616 okay okay there's another one and mark you and doc can answer this one
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00588-00404760-00405248 we should they want to know where they can download the slides and we should have those
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00589-00405360-00406016 ready what in a couple of days help me mark i mean the videos of this or this the powerpoint
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00590-00406088-00406592 i guess they said slides so i don't know if they want the powerpoint or the whole
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00591-00406592-00407232 presentation because i know the presentation will be going online when they get it closed captioned
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00592-00407304-00407960 and then they'll have it on a youtube channel at vsu but if you want this the proper slides
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00593-00407960-00408776 if you can just contact dr crosby or somebody we can get them to yeah and some said both please so
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00594-00408776-00409408 you know but like i said they will there will be a link uh but it's gonna take us a few days to get
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00595-00409408-00410200 this uploaded and to get the uh closed captions done so please be patient yeah and right now
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00596-00410256-00410847 if you really would interest in getting the slides the best way the simplest way is just to go ahead
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00597-00410847-00411656 and email me uh and ask for a copy i will make this as a pdf file so it'll be easy to send to you
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00598-00411656-00412320 so you would have it uh for your use to go through it at your leisure the other thing is mark
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00599-00412456-00413528 however we're gonna handle the the evaluations on the qualtrics there you go i have it here is it
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00600-00413528-00414224 time now well we're getting real close to it but let's let's ask folks right now a couple questions
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00601-00414296-00414912 and they can uh say yes or make it in their comments did you think this was uh uh you got
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00602-00414912-00415624 enough information from this little uh one-hour presentation to help you make some decisions and
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00603-00415624-00416416 what direction you would like to go and doing uh fish either in grass or in aquaponics you know
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00604-00416664-00416888 and if you think so say yes or no
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00605-00417128-00417384 yeah i gotta definitely get some good information
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00606-00417528-00418135 well good very good uh do you think we need to have more of these more regular
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00607-00418200-00418832 you know because this is because right now you know our presentations are pretty uh
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00608-00418896-00419696 defined by the time limits that we do and we've had some bigger programs on this now
+QIorhxMq9Vo-00609-00419696-00420318 the question is always rises how long does does one want to sit in front of a computer to see ...
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00000-00001100-00001800 Akshay Kumar's birthday bash and wife Twinkle Khanna's adorable wish for 'lovely Mr. K'
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00001-00001900-00002600 Mr Khiladi of Bollywood, Akshay Kumar has turned a year older and his near and dear ones made sure to kick-start his birthday in a special way.
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00002-00002700-00003400 Akshay, who is celebrating his 51st birthday today had a smallbash at a popular Mumbai eatery last evening. He was joined by close friend Bobby Deol and his wife Twinkle Khanna..
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00003-00003500-00004200 Akshay was dressed all formal in a blue shirt and grey trouser whereas his wife Twinkle lookedgorgeous in a thigh-slit black dress and golden heels.
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00004-00004300-00005280 Bobby Deol, who was recently seen in Yamla Pagla Deewana: Phir Se was all casual in a black t-shirt and white trouser. He was accompanied by his wife, who looked beautiful in midnight blue dress. Check out the pictures below:.
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00005-00005380-00006080 Akshay Kumar's birthday bash.
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00006-00006180-00006880 Akshay Kumar's birthday bash.
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00007-00006980-00007680 Akshay Kumar's birthday bash.
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00008-00007780-00008480 Akshay Kumar's birthday bash.
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00009-00008580-00009280 Akshay Kumar's birthday bash  .
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00010-00009380-00010080 Akshay Kumar's birthday bash.
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00011-00010180-00011139 Twinkle also took to social media to wish her darling husband. Sharing an inside picture, she wrote, ''Sometimes when you don’t plan things - it all falls in place - Happy Birthday to my lovely Mr K ! #birthdaybumps''.
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00012-00011239-00011939 Earlier, Akshay, Sonam Kapoor and Ranveer Singh attended the book launch of Twinkle. The event was hosted by Karan Johar, who is a close friend of the actress-turned-author.
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00013-00012039-00012939 The major highlight of the event was thebromance between Akshay and Ranveer, who amused audience with their hilarious antics. Pyjamas Are Forgiving is the third book of Twinkle, who has earlier been the author of Mrs.
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00014-00013039-00014059 Funnybones and The Legend of Lakshmi Prasad. On a related note, Akshay who was last seen in Reema Kagti's historical sports drama Gold will next appear in Rajinikanth starrer 20. The teaser of the much-awaited film will be dropped on September 13.
+QJSBBNqoGiE-00015-00014159-00014859 Akshay is currently shooting for the multi-starrer Housefull 4.
+QK7kNeppN88-00000-00000277-00000883 The “convenient name” or Cratylic argument is an argument for mythicism.
+QK7kNeppN88-00001-00000883-00001417 Cratylic names are those that describe characteristics of the person; The word comes from Cratylus
+QK7kNeppN88-00002-00001417-00001902 who discussed the matter with Socrates in Plato's dialogue of the same name.
+QK7kNeppN88-00003-00001902-00002337 The argument goes: the name “Jesus” means “saviour”.
+QK7kNeppN88-00004-00002337-00002843 Clearly therefore Jesus is a highly convenient name for a saviour character.
+QK7kNeppN88-00005-00002843-00003332 In real life, people are named before their characteristics are known and therefore while
+QK7kNeppN88-00006-00003332-00003889 cratylic names do occur, they are coincidental and therefore rare.
+QK7kNeppN88-00007-00003889-00004355 In fiction, on the other hand characters are named with full knowledge of what their characteristics
+QK7kNeppN88-00008-00004355-00004782 are and therefore cratylic names are common.
+QK7kNeppN88-00009-00004782-00005232 This means that people with cratylic names are more likely to be fictional than real
+QK7kNeppN88-00010-00005232-00005695 and therefore Jesus is more likely to be fictional than real.
+QK7kNeppN88-00011-00005695-00005960 In modern society this is certainly true.
+QK7kNeppN88-00012-00005960-00006352 We can think of few real people with cratylic names.
+QK7kNeppN88-00013-00006352-00006837 Russell Brain was a prominent British neurologist who wrote Brain's Clinical Neurology and I
+QK7kNeppN88-00014-00006837-00007206 know of a surgeon called Mr bone, but aside from that I struggle.
+QK7kNeppN88-00015-00007206-00007546 In fiction, on the other hand, cratylic names are common today.
+QK7kNeppN88-00016-00007546-00007889 The Wacky Races is the best example I can think of with characters like Dick Darstardly,
+QK7kNeppN88-00017-00007889-00008840 Muttley, Penelope Pitstop, Sargent Blast, Peter Perfect and Rufus Roughcut.
+QK7kNeppN88-00018-00008840-00009309 It is undeniably true that if you take 1000 real people and 1000 fictional people there
+QK7kNeppN88-00019-00009309-00009809 will be far more cratylic names in the fictional thousand, and conversely, if you are presented
+QK7kNeppN88-00020-00009809-00010306 with a person whose reality is uncertain, having a cratylic name would argue that they
+QK7kNeppN88-00021-00010306-00010488 were fictional.
+QK7kNeppN88-00022-00010488-00010872 So let's see how this would pan out in first century Judaea.
+QK7kNeppN88-00023-00010872-00011407 Here is a list of the 15 most common male names in first century Judea taken from Richard
+QK7kNeppN88-00024-00011407-00011731 Bauckham's book Jesus and the Eye Witnesses.
+QK7kNeppN88-00025-00011731-00012311 These data were collected by Israeli scholar Tal Ilan from several sources, including the
+QK7kNeppN88-00026-00012311-00012910 new Testament, early rabbinic sources, the desert papyri, the writings of historian Josephus,
+QK7kNeppN88-00027-00012910-00013340 and ossuaries, stone boxes that were used to contain the bones of the dead and bore
+QK7kNeppN88-00028-00013340-00013491 their names.
+QK7kNeppN88-00029-00013491-00014056 In this data set 99 out of 2625 men were called Jesus.
+QK7kNeppN88-00030-00014056-00014659 That is about 3.8% or about 2 in 53.
+QK7kNeppN88-00031-00014659-00015306 So there is a chance of 3.8% that a real Jesus got a cratylic name by coincidence.
+QK7kNeppN88-00032-00015306-00015472 Not very high.
+QK7kNeppN88-00033-00015472-00015684 There are counter arguments though.
+QK7kNeppN88-00034-00015684-00016097 One possibility is that Jesus may not have been given that name at birth.
+QK7kNeppN88-00035-00016097-00016460 It may have been a nickname applied to the character later, either during his life or
+QK7kNeppN88-00036-00016460-00016857 after his death when he came to be seen as a saviour figure.
+QK7kNeppN88-00037-00016857-00017379 Some definitions of historicity require that Jesus was called Jesus during his lifetime
+QK7kNeppN88-00038-00017379-00017835 but I have not made that requirement and so using my definition a real figure who later
+QK7kNeppN88-00039-00017835-00018236 was renamed Jesus would fit.
+QK7kNeppN88-00040-00018236-00018779 Jesus was also given the name Immanuel which means god with us.
+QK7kNeppN88-00041-00018779-00019256 This only appears in the birth narrative of Matthew and is taken from Isaiah and was not
+QK7kNeppN88-00042-00019256-00019502 a common name at the time.
+QK7kNeppN88-00043-00019502-00019999 None of Ilan's 2625 men were called Immanuel.
+QK7kNeppN88-00044-00019999-00020389 It therefore seems pretty unlikely as his birth name.
+QK7kNeppN88-00045-00020389-00020943 Another question is although Jesus was a cratylic name how uniquely cratylic was it?
+QK7kNeppN88-00046-00020943-00021367 Would other names that were common at the time had been equally cratylic therefore making
+QK7kNeppN88-00047-00021367-00021852 it much more likely that a cratylic name would be given by chance?
+QK7kNeppN88-00048-00021852-00022349 Here are Ilan's 15 most common male names with their meanings.
+QK7kNeppN88-00049-00022349-00022916 So several of these would have been fairly cratylic; including Joseph meaning God shall
+QK7kNeppN88-00050-00022916-00023635 increase, Eliazar meaning God helps, John meaning God is gracious, Ananias meaning graciously
+QK7kNeppN88-00051-00023635-00024156 given of god, Jonathan meaning god has given and Matthew meaning gift of god.
+QK7kNeppN88-00052-00024156-00024797 Together with Jesus these names made up 37% of men bearing the most common 15 names which
+QK7kNeppN88-00053-00024797-00025085 makes a coincidence rather more likely.
+QK7kNeppN88-00054-00025085-00025650 I'm sure however you will agree that of these reasonably cratylic names, Jesus appears to
+QK7kNeppN88-00055-00025650-00025844 be the best fit.
+QK7kNeppN88-00056-00025844-00026048 But there is more.
+QK7kNeppN88-00057-00026048-00026478 Another possibility is that the meaning of the name Jesus as saviour has arisen as a
+QK7kNeppN88-00058-00026478-00026989 consequence of the Jesus story rather than predating it.
+QK7kNeppN88-00059-00026989-00027574 Languages have become richer over time with more words expressing more shades of meaning.
+QK7kNeppN88-00060-00027574-00027996 Modern English has a comparable richness to modern Hebrew but both are much richer than
+QK7kNeppN88-00061-00027996-00028147 ancient Hebrew.
+QK7kNeppN88-00062-00028147-00028740 Crudely, modern English has more than 10 times the number of words is as ancient Hebrew.
+QK7kNeppN88-00063-00028740-00029259 This means that single ancient words typically map to multiple modern words so that a range
+QK7kNeppN88-00064-00029259-00029613 of different but related translations are possible.
+QK7kNeppN88-00065-00029613-00030069 So while there is no doubt that the origin and original meaning of the name Jesus predates
+QK7kNeppN88-00066-00030069-00030681 the first century, its exact translation could easily have been influenced by the story.
+QK7kNeppN88-00067-00030681-00031127 The list of names and their meanings that I previously showed was a little disingenuous
+QK7kNeppN88-00068-00031127-00031550 because I picked out the most cratylic translation of Jesus.
+QK7kNeppN88-00069-00031550-00032093 Actually there are several possible translations: including “my help”, “a cry for help”,
+QK7kNeppN88-00070-00032093-00032524 “a cry for saving”, “salvation”, and “God saves”.
+QK7kNeppN88-00071-00032524-00032963 Furthermore, the meaning of the word salvation in English has been significantly influenced
+QK7kNeppN88-00072-00032963-00033459 over the centuries by the Jesus story and this may have led to a convergence between
+QK7kNeppN88-00073-00033459-00033981 the meaning of the word, the way in which Jesus is translated into modern English, and
+QK7kNeppN88-00074-00033981-00034177 the Jesus story.
+QK7kNeppN88-00075-00034177-00034652 If the less cratylic translations of Jesus are taken, then my previous statement that
+QK7kNeppN88-00076-00034652-00035386 Jesus was the most cratylic of the 15 commonest names in Judea at the time is no longer true.
+QK7kNeppN88-00077-00035386-00035790 That means that the odds on him having an equivalently cratylic name purely by chance
+QK7kNeppN88-00078-00035790-00036366 rise considerably as 32% of men bearing the most 15 common names would have been equally
+QK7kNeppN88-00079-00036366-00036527 cratylic.
+QK7kNeppN88-00080-00036527-00036862 This would still be a coincidence, but not much of one.
+QK7kNeppN88-00081-00036862-00037313 So do biblical mythical characters have cratylic names?
+QK7kNeppN88-00082-00037313-00037802 This is more difficult answer because we have no data set comparable to Ilan's for characters
+QK7kNeppN88-00083-00037802-00037971 that we know were mythical.
+QK7kNeppN88-00084-00037971-00038378 Nevertheless, there are certain Old Testament characters who are now thought to have been
+QK7kNeppN88-00085-00038378-00039016 mythical or least whose historicity is more widely disputed than that of Jesus.
+QK7kNeppN88-00086-00039016-00039344 Most agree that Adam and Eve did not exist.
+QK7kNeppN88-00087-00039344-00039616 The name Adam has a complicated meaning.
+QK7kNeppN88-00088-00039616-00040093 It is derived from how he was created rather than his destiny or character.
+QK7kNeppN88-00089-00040093-00040447 The name implies his origin as the original man.
+QK7kNeppN88-00090-00040447-00040924 Similarly Eve's name obliquely describes her origin has the original female.
+QK7kNeppN88-00091-00040924-00041433 Neither of these are quite cratylic as they describe their birth process rather than what
+QK7kNeppN88-00092-00041433-00041987 they were like of what they did but their birth process was their defining characteristic.
+QK7kNeppN88-00093-00041987-00042547 Similarly Moses, who many argue did not exist, does not have a cratylic name, but rather
+QK7kNeppN88-00094-00042547-00042836 one based on events surrounding his birth.
+QK7kNeppN88-00095-00042836-00043272 Moses means He Who Draws Out Of The Waters.
+QK7kNeppN88-00096-00043272-00043768 Noah means rest, which is not obviously cratylic but could be related to refuge from flood
+QK7kNeppN88-00097-00043768-00043905 waters.
+QK7kNeppN88-00098-00043905-00044344 Moses would have been a more cratylic name for Noah!
+QK7kNeppN88-00099-00044344-00044728 Abraham is another character who may or may not have existed.
+QK7kNeppN88-00100-00044728-00045208 The name means “their strength” or “their protection”, which is a little more cratylic
+QK7kNeppN88-00101-00045208-00045474 but still general rather than specific.
+QK7kNeppN88-00102-00045474-00046141 Isaac, Abraham's son, means “laughter” and he was so named because his mother Sarah
+QK7kNeppN88-00103-00046141-00046512 laughed at the idea of conceiving at her age.
+QK7kNeppN88-00104-00046512-00046997 So again he was named after events surrounding his birth rather than cratylically.
+QK7kNeppN88-00105-00046997-00047491 Daniel's existence is also disputed though historicity remains the mainstream view.
+QK7kNeppN88-00106-00047491-00048090 It means “God is my judge” or “God rules me” which is cratylic but only in a general
+QK7kNeppN88-00107-00048090-00048571 rather than specific sense.
+QK7kNeppN88-00108-00048571-00049228 These are just a few random examples but we don't get it strong sense of specific cratylic
+QK7kNeppN88-00109-00049228-00049597 names given to mythical characters.
+QK7kNeppN88-00110-00049597-00050062 So the cratylic argument is far less compelling when applied to the case of Jesus and ancient
+QK7kNeppN88-00111-00050062-00050583 Judea, then it is when applied to modern English society and fiction.
+QK7kNeppN88-00112-00050583-00051074 In the end I consider that it does indeed favour mythicism but on close inspection it
+QK7kNeppN88-00113-00051074-00051341 is far more marginal than it first appears.
+QKV7noZIKl8-00000-00000091-00000765 Uhh, test number 1 of steam video games on bentoo linux plasma edition, using flatpak.
+QKV7noZIKl8-00001-00000765-00001574 This is Detroit become human, it came out on uhh, June 18th, fairly recent game.
+QKV7noZIKl8-00002-00001574-00002269 As you can see the game runs good, I'm on a GTX 1080 (MSI).
+QKV7noZIKl8-00003-00002269-00002997 Audio is nice, yeah, basically like any other linux distribution.
+QKV7noZIKl8-00004-00002997-00003642 Uhh, fun fact, this game runs faster on linux using proton than it does on windows, people
+QKV7noZIKl8-00005-00003642-00003958 have done testing.
+QKV7noZIKl8-00006-00003958-00004478 Controls are responsive, it's even better in fullscreen, but I can't really record that
+QKV7noZIKl8-00007-00004478-00004578 that well.
+QKV7noZIKl8-00008-00004578-00004715 Alright, that's it.
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00000-00000000-00000200 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00001-00000200-00000400 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00002-00000400-00000600 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00003-00000600-00000800 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00004-00000800-00001000 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00005-00001000-00001200 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00006-00001200-00001400 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00007-00001400-00001600 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00008-00001600-00001800 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00009-00001800-00002000 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00010-00002000-00002200 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00011-00002200-00002400 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00012-00002400-00002600 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00013-00002600-00002800 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00014-00002800-00003000 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00015-00003000-00003200 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QLA6tmS1uqE-00016-00003200-00003400 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
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+QLA6tmS1uqE-00047-00009196-00009246 কুষ্টিয়ায় ডাকাতির প্রস্তুতিকালে অস্ত্রগুলিসহ ৩ ডাকাতকে আটক করেছে পুলিশ
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00000-00000154-00000359 SPEAKER: Welcome to the Mason Library's tutorial,
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00001-00000359-00000719 Zotero part 6, shared libraries.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00002-00000719-00000998 In this tutorial, you will learn how to create, join, and use
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00003-00000998-00001298 Zotero groups.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00004-00001298-00001592 Zotero groups provide a way to share collections, work closely
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00005-00001592-00001871 with colleagues, keep track of conversations in your field,
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00006-00001871-00002102 and follow what others are working on.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00007-00002102-00002346 There are two ways to create Zotero groups.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00008-00002346-00002657 The first way is by clicking on the New Library icon
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00009-00002657-00002879 and choosing New Group.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00010-00002879-00003204 You will then log into your account.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00011-00003204-00003503 The second way involves going to zotero.org and logging
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00012-00003503-00003719 into your Zotero account.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00013-00003719-00004146 Click on the Groups tab, and then select Create a New Group.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00014-00004146-00004326 Now enter a name for your new group.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00015-00004608-00004764 There are multiple privacy options,
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00016-00004764-00005031 depending on the needs of the group.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00017-00005031-00005235 Private groups allow members to collaborate
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00018-00005235-00005445 without a public Zotero listing.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00019-00005445-00005754 Only group members and invited users can see this page.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00020-00005754-00006096 This group type is perfect for class projects.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00021-00006096-00006273 Public groups with closed memberships
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00022-00006273-00006509 are useful for creating a controlled group environment
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00023-00006509-00006642 with a public presence.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00024-00006642-00006998 This group is helpful for creating reading lists.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00025-00006998-00007188 Public groups with open membership
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00026-00007188-00007406 are helpful for crowdsourcing resources.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00027-00007745-00007889 Once the group is created, you can
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00028-00007889-00008042 add members in the member's settings
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00029-00008042-00008270 by clicking on Send More Invitations
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00030-00008270-00008587 at the bottom of the page.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00031-00008587-00008920 In this video, you learned how to utilize Zotero groups.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00032-00008920-00009162 For additional help with Zotero, attend one of the library
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00033-00009162-00009339 workshops by looking for class offerings
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00034-00009339-00009729 at library.gmu.edu/workshops.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00035-00009729-00009874 Thank you for watching this video.
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00036-00009874-00010020 If you have other questions, please
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00037-00010020-00010203 refer to our ever-expanding How Do I
+QMx9qX7_nyc-00038-00010203-00010571 page, or use our Ask a Librarian service.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00000-00000010-00000070 AND LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00001-00000070-00000076 AND LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00002-00000076-00000173 AND LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR STATEHOUSE AND SENATE SAY
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00003-00000173-00000180 AND LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR STATEHOUSE AND SENATE SAY  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00004-00000180-00000473 AND LAW ENFORCEMENT FOR STATEHOUSE AND SENATE SAY THERE'S NO DIRECT THREAT TO THE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00005-00000473-00000480 STATEHOUSE AND SENATE SAY THERE'S NO DIRECT THREAT TO THE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00006-00000480-00000633 STATEHOUSE AND SENATE SAY THERE'S NO DIRECT THREAT TO THE CAPITOL COMPLEX BUT ARE WARNING
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00007-00000633-00000640 THERE'S NO DIRECT THREAT TO THE CAPITOL COMPLEX BUT ARE WARNING  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00008-00000640-00000984 THERE'S NO DIRECT THREAT TO THE CAPITOL COMPLEX BUT ARE WARNING PEOPLE WHO WORK THERE TO BE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00009-00000984-00000990 CAPITOL COMPLEX BUT ARE WARNING PEOPLE WHO WORK THERE TO BE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00010-00000990-00001081 CAPITOL COMPLEX BUT ARE WARNING PEOPLE WHO WORK THERE TO BE VIGILANT.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00011-00001081-00001087 PEOPLE WHO WORK THERE TO BE VIGILANT.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00012-00001087-00001151 PEOPLE WHO WORK THERE TO BE VIGILANT. THE AMERICAN FLAG IS A COMMON
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00013-00001151-00001157 VIGILANT. THE AMERICAN FLAG IS A COMMON  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00014-00001157-00001217 VIGILANT. THE AMERICAN FLAG IS A COMMON SIGHT ANY TIME OF THE YEAR
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00015-00001217-00001224 THE AMERICAN FLAG IS A COMMON SIGHT ANY TIME OF THE YEAR  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00016-00001224-00001274 THE AMERICAN FLAG IS A COMMON SIGHT ANY TIME OF THE YEAR ESPECIALLY IN SUMMER.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00017-00001274-00001281 SIGHT ANY TIME OF THE YEAR ESPECIALLY IN SUMMER.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00018-00001281-00001347 SIGHT ANY TIME OF THE YEAR ESPECIALLY IN SUMMER. OUR JOSH PETERSON ATTENDED THE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00019-00001347-00001354 ESPECIALLY IN SUMMER. OUR JOSH PETERSON ATTENDED THE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00020-00001354-00001414 ESPECIALLY IN SUMMER. OUR JOSH PETERSON ATTENDED THE ANNUAL FLAG DAY CEREMONY
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00021-00001414-00001421 OUR JOSH PETERSON ATTENDED THE ANNUAL FLAG DAY CEREMONY  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00022-00001421-00001488 OUR JOSH PETERSON ATTENDED THE ANNUAL FLAG DAY CEREMONY WHERE HE FOUND THAT FLAG DAY IS
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00023-00001488-00001494 ANNUAL FLAG DAY CEREMONY WHERE HE FOUND THAT FLAG DAY IS  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00024-00001494-00001548 ANNUAL FLAG DAY CEREMONY WHERE HE FOUND THAT FLAG DAY IS NOT ONLY A TIME HONORED
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00025-00001548-00001554 WHERE HE FOUND THAT FLAG DAY IS NOT ONLY A TIME HONORED  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00026-00001554-00001621 WHERE HE FOUND THAT FLAG DAY IS NOT ONLY A TIME HONORED TRADITION BUT A DAY FOR LEARNING
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00027-00001621-00001628 NOT ONLY A TIME HONORED TRADITION BUT A DAY FOR LEARNING  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00028-00001628-00001915 NOT ONLY A TIME HONORED TRADITION BUT A DAY FOR LEARNING ABOUT OLD GLORY.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00029-00001915-00001921 TRADITION BUT A DAY FOR LEARNING ABOUT OLD GLORY.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00030-00001921-00002128 TRADITION BUT A DAY FOR LEARNING ABOUT OLD GLORY. >> Josh: COLORS ARE BOLD AND
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00031-00002128-00002135 ABOUT OLD GLORY. >> Josh: COLORS ARE BOLD AND  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00032-00002135-00002345 ABOUT OLD GLORY. >> Josh: COLORS ARE BOLD AND SYMBOL WELL KNOWN BUT THE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00033-00002345-00002352 >> Josh: COLORS ARE BOLD AND SYMBOL WELL KNOWN BUT THE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00034-00002352-00002525 >> Josh: COLORS ARE BOLD AND SYMBOL WELL KNOWN BUT THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN FLAG IS
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00035-00002525-00002532 SYMBOL WELL KNOWN BUT THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN FLAG IS  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00036-00002532-00002772 SYMBOL WELL KNOWN BUT THE HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN FLAG IS ONE OF THE REASONS THEY HOLD
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00037-00002772-00002779 HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN FLAG IS ONE OF THE REASONS THEY HOLD  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00038-00002779-00003066 HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN FLAG IS ONE OF THE REASONS THEY HOLD CEREMONIES LIKE THIS ON FLAG
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00039-00003066-00003073 ONE OF THE REASONS THEY HOLD CEREMONIES LIKE THIS ON FLAG  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00040-00003073-00003116 ONE OF THE REASONS THEY HOLD CEREMONIES LIKE THIS ON FLAG DAY.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00041-00003116-00003123 CEREMONIES LIKE THIS ON FLAG DAY.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00042-00003123-00003373 CEREMONIES LIKE THIS ON FLAG DAY. >> BUT THIS IS IMPORTANT TO THE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00043-00003373-00003379 DAY. >> BUT THIS IS IMPORTANT TO THE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00044-00003379-00003676 DAY. >> BUT THIS IS IMPORTANT TO THE ELKS, AND IS REQUIRED EVERY ELKS
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00045-00003676-00003683 >> BUT THIS IS IMPORTANT TO THE ELKS, AND IS REQUIRED EVERY ELKS  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00046-00003683-00003830 >> BUT THIS IS IMPORTANT TO THE ELKS, AND IS REQUIRED EVERY ELKS LODGE IN THE STATION PUT THIS
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00047-00003830-00003837 ELKS, AND IS REQUIRED EVERY ELKS LODGE IN THE STATION PUT THIS  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00048-00003837-00004090 ELKS, AND IS REQUIRED EVERY ELKS LODGE IN THE STATION PUT THIS PEOPLE ON AWARE OF OUR FLAG AND
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00049-00004090-00004097 LODGE IN THE STATION PUT THIS PEOPLE ON AWARE OF OUR FLAG AND  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00050-00004097-00004230 LODGE IN THE STATION PUT THIS PEOPLE ON AWARE OF OUR FLAG AND HOW IMPORTANT IT IS.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00051-00004230-00004237 PEOPLE ON AWARE OF OUR FLAG AND HOW IMPORTANT IT IS.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00052-00004237-00004337 PEOPLE ON AWARE OF OUR FLAG AND HOW IMPORTANT IT IS. >> Josh: THEY ALSO SEE IT'S A
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00053-00004337-00004344 HOW IMPORTANT IT IS. >> Josh: THEY ALSO SEE IT'S A  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00054-00004344-00004461 HOW IMPORTANT IT IS. >> Josh: THEY ALSO SEE IT'S A DAY TO REMEMBER WHAT THE FLAG
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00055-00004461-00004467 >> Josh: THEY ALSO SEE IT'S A DAY TO REMEMBER WHAT THE FLAG  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00056-00004467-00004624 >> Josh: THEY ALSO SEE IT'S A DAY TO REMEMBER WHAT THE FLAG MEANS AND REFLECT ON THE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00057-00004624-00004631 DAY TO REMEMBER WHAT THE FLAG MEANS AND REFLECT ON THE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00058-00004631-00004734 DAY TO REMEMBER WHAT THE FLAG MEANS AND REFLECT ON THE SACRIFICES THAT HAVE BEEN MADE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00059-00004734-00004741 MEANS AND REFLECT ON THE SACRIFICES THAT HAVE BEEN MADE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00060-00004741-00004854 MEANS AND REFLECT ON THE SACRIFICES THAT HAVE BEEN MADE FOR THE COUNTRY.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00061-00004854-00004861 SACRIFICES THAT HAVE BEEN MADE FOR THE COUNTRY.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00062-00004861-00005085 SACRIFICES THAT HAVE BEEN MADE FOR THE COUNTRY. >> ALL THESE FLAGS HAVE A VERY
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00063-00005085-00005091 FOR THE COUNTRY. >> ALL THESE FLAGS HAVE A VERY  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00064-00005091-00005188 FOR THE COUNTRY. >> ALL THESE FLAGS HAVE A VERY SIGNIFICANT THEME, AND I THINK
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00065-00005188-00005195 >> ALL THESE FLAGS HAVE A VERY SIGNIFICANT THEME, AND I THINK  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00066-00005195-00005321 >> ALL THESE FLAGS HAVE A VERY SIGNIFICANT THEME, AND I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMIND PEOPLE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00067-00005321-00005328 SIGNIFICANT THEME, AND I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMIND PEOPLE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00068-00005328-00005719 SIGNIFICANT THEME, AND I THINK IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMIND PEOPLE OF WHAT IT IS.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00069-00005719-00005725 IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMIND PEOPLE OF WHAT IT IS.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00070-00005725-00006002 IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMIND PEOPLE OF WHAT IT IS. >> Josh: WHILE MANY HOMES,
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00071-00006002-00006009 OF WHAT IT IS. >> Josh: WHILE MANY HOMES,  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00072-00006009-00006189 OF WHAT IT IS. >> Josh: WHILE MANY HOMES, BUSINESSES, FLY OLD GLORY, THE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00073-00006189-00006196 >> Josh: WHILE MANY HOMES, BUSINESSES, FLY OLD GLORY, THE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00074-00006196-00006386 >> Josh: WHILE MANY HOMES, BUSINESSES, FLY OLD GLORY, THE FLAG CAN BECOME WEATHERED.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00075-00006386-00006393 BUSINESSES, FLY OLD GLORY, THE FLAG CAN BECOME WEATHERED.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00076-00006393-00006493 BUSINESSES, FLY OLD GLORY, THE FLAG CAN BECOME WEATHERED. >> THIS IS SIGNIFICANCE BECAUSE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00077-00006493-00006499 FLAG CAN BECOME WEATHERED. >> THIS IS SIGNIFICANCE BECAUSE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00078-00006499-00006663 FLAG CAN BECOME WEATHERED. >> THIS IS SIGNIFICANCE BECAUSE IT'S FLAG DAY.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00079-00006663-00006669 >> THIS IS SIGNIFICANCE BECAUSE IT'S FLAG DAY.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00080-00006669-00006910 >> THIS IS SIGNIFICANCE BECAUSE IT'S FLAG DAY. HONOR IT, RENDER IT PROPERLY.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00081-00006910-00006916 IT'S FLAG DAY. HONOR IT, RENDER IT PROPERLY.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00082-00006916-00007040 IT'S FLAG DAY. HONOR IT, RENDER IT PROPERLY. >> Josh: FLAG DAY IS THE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00083-00007040-00007047 HONOR IT, RENDER IT PROPERLY. >> Josh: FLAG DAY IS THE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00084-00007047-00007270 HONOR IT, RENDER IT PROPERLY. >> Josh: FLAG DAY IS THE RECOMMENDED DAY TO DO ROUTINE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00085-00007270-00007277 >> Josh: FLAG DAY IS THE RECOMMENDED DAY TO DO ROUTINE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00086-00007277-00007450 >> Josh: FLAG DAY IS THE RECOMMENDED DAY TO DO ROUTINE MAINTENANCE TO THE FLAG.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00087-00007450-00007457 RECOMMENDED DAY TO DO ROUTINE MAINTENANCE TO THE FLAG.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00088-00007457-00007931 RECOMMENDED DAY TO DO ROUTINE MAINTENANCE TO THE FLAG. FLAGS THAT ARE TAINTED, TATTERED
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00089-00007931-00007937 MAINTENANCE TO THE FLAG. FLAGS THAT ARE TAINTED, TATTERED  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00090-00007937-00008475 MAINTENANCE TO THE FLAG. FLAGS THAT ARE TAINTED, TATTERED AND TORN COULD BE FOLDED UP
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00091-00008475-00008481 FLAGS THAT ARE TAINTED, TATTERED AND TORN COULD BE FOLDED UP  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00092-00008481-00008511 FLAGS THAT ARE TAINTED, TATTERED AND TORN COULD BE FOLDED UP PROPERLY.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00093-00008511-00008518 AND TORN COULD BE FOLDED UP PROPERLY.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00094-00008518-00008681 AND TORN COULD BE FOLDED UP PROPERLY. AMERICAN FLAG REPLACEMENT AND
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00095-00008681-00008688 PROPERLY. AMERICAN FLAG REPLACEMENT AND  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00096-00008688-00008818 PROPERLY. AMERICAN FLAG REPLACEMENT AND MAINTENANCE CAN BE DONE ANY TIME
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00097-00008818-00008825 AMERICAN FLAG REPLACEMENT AND MAINTENANCE CAN BE DONE ANY TIME  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00098-00008825-00008935 AMERICAN FLAG REPLACEMENT AND MAINTENANCE CAN BE DONE ANY TIME THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00099-00008935-00008942 MAINTENANCE CAN BE DONE ANY TIME THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00100-00008942-00009185 MAINTENANCE CAN BE DONE ANY TIME THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. THE AMERICAN LEGION ONLY ASKS
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00101-00009185-00009192 THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. THE AMERICAN LEGION ONLY ASKS  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00102-00009192-00009319 THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. THE AMERICAN LEGION ONLY ASKS WHEN DISPOSING OF THE FLAG THAT
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00103-00009319-00009325 THE AMERICAN LEGION ONLY ASKS WHEN DISPOSING OF THE FLAG THAT  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00104-00009325-00009466 THE AMERICAN LEGION ONLY ASKS WHEN DISPOSING OF THE FLAG THAT IT'S DONE WITH HONOR AND THE
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00105-00009466-00009472 WHEN DISPOSING OF THE FLAG THAT IT'S DONE WITH HONOR AND THE  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00106-00009472-00009596 WHEN DISPOSING OF THE FLAG THAT IT'S DONE WITH HONOR AND THE RESPECT THAT IT DESERVES.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00107-00009596-00009602 IT'S DONE WITH HONOR AND THE RESPECT THAT IT DESERVES.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00108-00009602-00009806 IT'S DONE WITH HONOR AND THE RESPECT THAT IT DESERVES. IN BEMIDJI, JOSH PETERSON,
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00109-00009806-00009813 RESPECT THAT IT DESERVES. IN BEMIDJI, JOSH PETERSON,  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00110-00009813-00009993 RESPECT THAT IT DESERVES. IN BEMIDJI, JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS.
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00111-00009993-00009999 IN BEMIDJI, JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS.  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00112-00009999-00010070 IN BEMIDJI, JOSH PETERSON, LAKELAND NEWS. >> Dennis: AMERICAN FLAGS
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00113-00010070-00010076 LAKELAND NEWS. >> Dennis: AMERICAN FLAGS  
+Qp9y1W2mD94-00114-00010076-00010146 LAKELAND NEWS. >> Dennis: AMERICAN FLAGS NEEDING TO BE DISPOSED OF CAN BE
+QO0wUiX2VlQ-00000-00000016-00000285 I wanna go back to-to vlogging my life.
+QO0wUiX2VlQ-00001-00000501-00000601 Next Monday...
+QO0wUiX2VlQ-00002-00000735-00000801 Well...
+QO0wUiX2VlQ-00003-00001018-00001251 August 1st, 2022...
+QO0wUiX2VlQ-00004-00001568-00001801 I'm gonna, I'm gonna be getting my classes set up for...
+QO0wUiX2VlQ-00005-00002101-00002301 I'm gonna, I'm gonna be going to COLLEGE!
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00000-00000010-00000106 THANKS FOR JOINING US.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00001-00000106-00000113 THANKS FOR JOINING US.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00002-00000113-00000226 THANKS FOR JOINING US. I'M SARAH WINKELMANN IN FOR
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00003-00000226-00000233 THANKS FOR JOINING US. I'M SARAH WINKELMANN IN FOR  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00004-00000233-00000303 THANKS FOR JOINING US. I'M SARAH WINKELMANN IN FOR DENNIS WEIMANN TONIGHT.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00005-00000303-00000310 I'M SARAH WINKELMANN IN FOR DENNIS WEIMANN TONIGHT.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00006-00000310-00000500 I'M SARAH WINKELMANN IN FOR DENNIS WEIMANN TONIGHT. CREWS ARE OUT SEARCHING FOR TWO
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00007-00000500-00000507 DENNIS WEIMANN TONIGHT. CREWS ARE OUT SEARCHING FOR TWO  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00008-00000507-00000650 DENNIS WEIMANN TONIGHT. CREWS ARE OUT SEARCHING FOR TWO FISHERMEN WHO WENT MISSING AFTER
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00009-00000650-00000657 CREWS ARE OUT SEARCHING FOR TWO FISHERMEN WHO WENT MISSING AFTER  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00010-00000657-00000834 CREWS ARE OUT SEARCHING FOR TWO FISHERMEN WHO WENT MISSING AFTER THEIR BOAT CAPSIZED IN LOWER RED
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00011-00000834-00000840 FISHERMEN WHO WENT MISSING AFTER THEIR BOAT CAPSIZED IN LOWER RED  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00012-00000840-00000940 FISHERMEN WHO WENT MISSING AFTER THEIR BOAT CAPSIZED IN LOWER RED LAKE YESTERDAY.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00013-00000940-00000947 THEIR BOAT CAPSIZED IN LOWER RED LAKE YESTERDAY.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00014-00000947-00001057 THEIR BOAT CAPSIZED IN LOWER RED LAKE YESTERDAY. REPORTER SHIRELLE MOORE HAS THE
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00015-00001057-00001064 LAKE YESTERDAY. REPORTER SHIRELLE MOORE HAS THE  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00016-00001064-00001194 LAKE YESTERDAY. REPORTER SHIRELLE MOORE HAS THE LATEST ON THE EFFORTS TO FIND
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00017-00001194-00001201 REPORTER SHIRELLE MOORE HAS THE LATEST ON THE EFFORTS TO FIND  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00018-00001201-00001351 REPORTER SHIRELLE MOORE HAS THE LATEST ON THE EFFORTS TO FIND THE TWO MEN.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00019-00001351-00001358 LATEST ON THE EFFORTS TO FIND THE TWO MEN.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00020-00001358-00001458 LATEST ON THE EFFORTS TO FIND THE TWO MEN. >> SHIRELLE: SEARCHING BY LAND,
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00021-00001458-00001464 THE TWO MEN. >> SHIRELLE: SEARCHING BY LAND,  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00022-00001464-00001598 THE TWO MEN. >> SHIRELLE: SEARCHING BY LAND, WATER AND AIR, MORE THAN 8
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00023-00001598-00001604 >> SHIRELLE: SEARCHING BY LAND, WATER AND AIR, MORE THAN 8  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00024-00001604-00001728 >> SHIRELLE: SEARCHING BY LAND, WATER AND AIR, MORE THAN 8 DIFFERENT AGENCIES, INCLUDING
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00025-00001728-00001735 WATER AND AIR, MORE THAN 8 DIFFERENT AGENCIES, INCLUDING  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00026-00001735-00001971 WATER AND AIR, MORE THAN 8 DIFFERENT AGENCIES, INCLUDING THE U.S. BORDER PATROL AND THE
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00027-00001971-00001978 DIFFERENT AGENCIES, INCLUDING THE U.S. BORDER PATROL AND THE  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00028-00001978-00002178 DIFFERENT AGENCIES, INCLUDING THE U.S. BORDER PATROL AND THE F.B.I. JOINED THE SEARCH FOR TWO
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00029-00002178-00002185 THE U.S. BORDER PATROL AND THE F.B.I. JOINED THE SEARCH FOR TWO  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00030-00002185-00002302 THE U.S. BORDER PATROL AND THE F.B.I. JOINED THE SEARCH FOR TWO MISSING FISHERMEN.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00031-00002302-00002308 F.B.I. JOINED THE SEARCH FOR TWO MISSING FISHERMEN.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00032-00002308-00002409 F.B.I. JOINED THE SEARCH FOR TWO MISSING FISHERMEN. THE INCIDENT HAPPENED LATE
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00033-00002409-00002415 MISSING FISHERMEN. THE INCIDENT HAPPENED LATE  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00034-00002415-00002592 MISSING FISHERMEN. THE INCIDENT HAPPENED LATE MONDAY AFTERNOON IN AN AREA
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00035-00002592-00002599 THE INCIDENT HAPPENED LATE MONDAY AFTERNOON IN AN AREA  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00036-00002599-00002759 THE INCIDENT HAPPENED LATE MONDAY AFTERNOON IN AN AREA CALLED THE CUTOFF ON THE EASTERN
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00037-00002759-00002766 MONDAY AFTERNOON IN AN AREA CALLED THE CUTOFF ON THE EASTERN  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00038-00002766-00002886 MONDAY AFTERNOON IN AN AREA CALLED THE CUTOFF ON THE EASTERN SIDE OF LOWER RED LAKE.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00039-00002886-00002892 CALLED THE CUTOFF ON THE EASTERN SIDE OF LOWER RED LAKE.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00040-00002892-00003029 CALLED THE CUTOFF ON THE EASTERN SIDE OF LOWER RED LAKE. THE TWO MEN WERE JOINED BY
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00041-00003029-00003036 SIDE OF LOWER RED LAKE. THE TWO MEN WERE JOINED BY  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00042-00003036-00003183 SIDE OF LOWER RED LAKE. THE TWO MEN WERE JOINED BY ANOTHER MAN ON THE BOAT WHO WAS
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00043-00003183-00003189 THE TWO MEN WERE JOINED BY ANOTHER MAN ON THE BOAT WHO WAS  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00044-00003189-00003373 THE TWO MEN WERE JOINED BY ANOTHER MAN ON THE BOAT WHO WAS ABLE TO MAKE IT TO SHORE.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00045-00003373-00003379 ANOTHER MAN ON THE BOAT WHO WAS ABLE TO MAKE IT TO SHORE.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00046-00003379-00003630 ANOTHER MAN ON THE BOAT WHO WAS ABLE TO MAKE IT TO SHORE. THAT MAN WAS TAKEN TO THE RED
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00047-00003630-00003636 ABLE TO MAKE IT TO SHORE. THAT MAN WAS TAKEN TO THE RED  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00048-00003636-00003770 ABLE TO MAKE IT TO SHORE. THAT MAN WAS TAKEN TO THE RED LAKE INDIAN HEALTH SERVICES TO
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00049-00003770-00003777 THAT MAN WAS TAKEN TO THE RED LAKE INDIAN HEALTH SERVICES TO  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00050-00003777-00003940 THAT MAN WAS TAKEN TO THE RED LAKE INDIAN HEALTH SERVICES TO BE TREATED FOR HYPOTHERMIA.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00051-00003940-00003947 LAKE INDIAN HEALTH SERVICES TO BE TREATED FOR HYPOTHERMIA.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00052-00003947-00004130 LAKE INDIAN HEALTH SERVICES TO BE TREATED FOR HYPOTHERMIA. HOSPITAL STAFF TELL ME HE HAS
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00053-00004130-00004137 BE TREATED FOR HYPOTHERMIA. HOSPITAL STAFF TELL ME HE HAS  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00054-00004137-00004287 BE TREATED FOR HYPOTHERMIA. HOSPITAL STAFF TELL ME HE HAS SINCE BEEN RELEASED.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00055-00004287-00004294 HOSPITAL STAFF TELL ME HE HAS SINCE BEEN RELEASED.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00056-00004294-00004407 HOSPITAL STAFF TELL ME HE HAS SINCE BEEN RELEASED. >> AT THIS POINT, WE REALLY
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00057-00004407-00004414 SINCE BEEN RELEASED. >> AT THIS POINT, WE REALLY  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00058-00004414-00004581 SINCE BEEN RELEASED. >> AT THIS POINT, WE REALLY DON'T KNOW IF IT WAS BECAUSE OF
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00059-00004581-00004587 >> AT THIS POINT, WE REALLY DON'T KNOW IF IT WAS BECAUSE OF  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00060-00004587-00004864 >> AT THIS POINT, WE REALLY DON'T KNOW IF IT WAS BECAUSE OF THE WIND OR THERE WAS SOME OTHER
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00061-00004864-00004871 DON'T KNOW IF IT WAS BECAUSE OF THE WIND OR THERE WAS SOME OTHER  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00062-00004871-00004918 DON'T KNOW IF IT WAS BECAUSE OF THE WIND OR THERE WAS SOME OTHER REASON.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00063-00004918-00004924 THE WIND OR THERE WAS SOME OTHER REASON.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00064-00004924-00005048 THE WIND OR THERE WAS SOME OTHER REASON. THE PERSON WHO HAD MADE IT TO
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00065-00005048-00005055 REASON. THE PERSON WHO HAD MADE IT TO  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00066-00005055-00005642 REASON. THE PERSON WHO HAD MADE IT TO SHORE WAS DISORIENTED, SO THAT
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00067-00005642-00005648 THE PERSON WHO HAD MADE IT TO SHORE WAS DISORIENTED, SO THAT  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00068-00005648-00005769 THE PERSON WHO HAD MADE IT TO SHORE WAS DISORIENTED, SO THAT INFORMATION WE STILL HAVE TO
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00069-00005769-00005775 SHORE WAS DISORIENTED, SO THAT INFORMATION WE STILL HAVE TO  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00070-00005775-00006149 SHORE WAS DISORIENTED, SO THAT INFORMATION WE STILL HAVE TO DETERMINE, BUT THERE IS A PRETTY
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00071-00006149-00006156 INFORMATION WE STILL HAVE TO DETERMINE, BUT THERE IS A PRETTY  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00072-00006156-00006339 INFORMATION WE STILL HAVE TO DETERMINE, BUT THERE IS A PRETTY GOOD BRISK WIND YESTERDAY, SO
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00073-00006339-00006346 DETERMINE, BUT THERE IS A PRETTY GOOD BRISK WIND YESTERDAY, SO  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00074-00006346-00006463 DETERMINE, BUT THERE IS A PRETTY GOOD BRISK WIND YESTERDAY, SO THAT'S HIGHLY POSSIBLE.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00075-00006463-00006469 GOOD BRISK WIND YESTERDAY, SO THAT'S HIGHLY POSSIBLE.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00076-00006469-00006623 GOOD BRISK WIND YESTERDAY, SO THAT'S HIGHLY POSSIBLE. >> ONE OF THE MISSING MEN HAS
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00077-00006623-00006629 THAT'S HIGHLY POSSIBLE. >> ONE OF THE MISSING MEN HAS  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00078-00006629-00006816 THAT'S HIGHLY POSSIBLE. >> ONE OF THE MISSING MEN HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED, AND THE OTHER
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00079-00006816-00006823 >> ONE OF THE MISSING MEN HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED, AND THE OTHER  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00080-00006823-00007187 >> ONE OF THE MISSING MEN HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED, AND THE OTHER IS A 17-YEAR-OLD MALE.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00081-00007187-00007193 BEEN IDENTIFIED, AND THE OTHER IS A 17-YEAR-OLD MALE.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00082-00007193-00007327 BEEN IDENTIFIED, AND THE OTHER IS A 17-YEAR-OLD MALE. CREWS SPEND YESTERDAY EVENING
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00083-00007327-00007333 IS A 17-YEAR-OLD MALE. CREWS SPEND YESTERDAY EVENING  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00084-00007333-00007587 IS A 17-YEAR-OLD MALE. CREWS SPEND YESTERDAY EVENING SEARCHING FOR THEM UNTIL ONE
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00085-00007587-00007594 CREWS SPEND YESTERDAY EVENING SEARCHING FOR THEM UNTIL ONE  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00086-00007594-00007707 CREWS SPEND YESTERDAY EVENING SEARCHING FOR THEM UNTIL ONE CONSERVATION OFFICER STARTED
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00087-00007707-00007714 SEARCHING FOR THEM UNTIL ONE CONSERVATION OFFICER STARTED  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00088-00007714-00007887 SEARCHING FOR THEM UNTIL ONE CONSERVATION OFFICER STARTED SHOWING SIGNS OF HYPOTHERMIA.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00089-00007887-00007894 CONSERVATION OFFICER STARTED SHOWING SIGNS OF HYPOTHERMIA.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00090-00007894-00008041 CONSERVATION OFFICER STARTED SHOWING SIGNS OF HYPOTHERMIA. >> WE NO LONGER WANTED TO
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00091-00008041-00008048 SHOWING SIGNS OF HYPOTHERMIA. >> WE NO LONGER WANTED TO  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00092-00008048-00008161 SHOWING SIGNS OF HYPOTHERMIA. >> WE NO LONGER WANTED TO JEOPARDIZE ANYBODY ELSE ON THE
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00093-00008161-00008168 >> WE NO LONGER WANTED TO JEOPARDIZE ANYBODY ELSE ON THE  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00094-00008168-00008371 >> WE NO LONGER WANTED TO JEOPARDIZE ANYBODY ELSE ON THE LAKE, SO A DECISION WAS MADE TO
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00095-00008371-00008378 JEOPARDIZE ANYBODY ELSE ON THE LAKE, SO A DECISION WAS MADE TO  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00096-00008378-00008521 JEOPARDIZE ANYBODY ELSE ON THE LAKE, SO A DECISION WAS MADE TO CALL THE SEARCH OFF ON THE
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00097-00008521-00008528 LAKE, SO A DECISION WAS MADE TO CALL THE SEARCH OFF ON THE  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00098-00008528-00008585 LAKE, SO A DECISION WAS MADE TO CALL THE SEARCH OFF ON THE WATER.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00099-00008585-00008591 CALL THE SEARCH OFF ON THE WATER.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00100-00008591-00008745 CALL THE SEARCH OFF ON THE WATER. HOWEVER, A SEARCH CONTINUED ON
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00101-00008745-00008752 WATER. HOWEVER, A SEARCH CONTINUED ON  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00102-00008752-00008898 WATER. HOWEVER, A SEARCH CONTINUED ON THE SHORELINE.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00103-00008898-00008905 HOWEVER, A SEARCH CONTINUED ON THE SHORELINE.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00104-00008905-00009059 HOWEVER, A SEARCH CONTINUED ON THE SHORELINE. >> DOZENS OF VOLUNTEERS WERE OUT
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00105-00009059-00009065 THE SHORELINE. >> DOZENS OF VOLUNTEERS WERE OUT  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00106-00009065-00009185 THE SHORELINE. >> DOZENS OF VOLUNTEERS WERE OUT HERE SEARCHING BY LAND AND BY
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00107-00009185-00009192 >> DOZENS OF VOLUNTEERS WERE OUT HERE SEARCHING BY LAND AND BY  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00108-00009192-00009265 >> DOZENS OF VOLUNTEERS WERE OUT HERE SEARCHING BY LAND AND BY WATER.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00109-00009265-00009272 HERE SEARCHING BY LAND AND BY WATER.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00110-00009272-00009416 HERE SEARCHING BY LAND AND BY WATER. POLICE SAY THE SEARCHES COULD
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00111-00009416-00009422 WATER. POLICE SAY THE SEARCHES COULD  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00112-00009422-00009526 WATER. POLICE SAY THE SEARCHES COULD LAST ALL NIGHT.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00113-00009526-00009532 POLICE SAY THE SEARCHES COULD LAST ALL NIGHT.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00114-00009532-00009656 POLICE SAY THE SEARCHES COULD LAST ALL NIGHT. YESTERDAY'S SEARCH ALSO PROVIDED
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00115-00009656-00009662 LAST ALL NIGHT. YESTERDAY'S SEARCH ALSO PROVIDED  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00116-00009662-00009773 LAST ALL NIGHT. YESTERDAY'S SEARCH ALSO PROVIDED CHALLENGES, INCLUDING A LAKE
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00117-00009773-00009779 YESTERDAY'S SEARCH ALSO PROVIDED CHALLENGES, INCLUDING A LAKE  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00118-00009779-00009903 YESTERDAY'S SEARCH ALSO PROVIDED CHALLENGES, INCLUDING A LAKE THAT WAS FREEZING FAST.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00119-00009903-00009909 CHALLENGES, INCLUDING A LAKE THAT WAS FREEZING FAST.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00120-00009909-00010090 CHALLENGES, INCLUDING A LAKE THAT WAS FREEZING FAST. AGENCIES MADE SURE TO ADDRESS
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00121-00010090-00010096 THAT WAS FREEZING FAST. AGENCIES MADE SURE TO ADDRESS  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00122-00010096-00010200 THAT WAS FREEZING FAST. AGENCIES MADE SURE TO ADDRESS THOSE ISSUES TODAY.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00123-00010200-00010206 AGENCIES MADE SURE TO ADDRESS THOSE ISSUES TODAY.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00124-00010206-00010330 AGENCIES MADE SURE TO ADDRESS THOSE ISSUES TODAY. >> MY UNDERSTANDING IS SOME OF
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00125-00010330-00010336 THOSE ISSUES TODAY. >> MY UNDERSTANDING IS SOME OF  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00126-00010336-00010587 THOSE ISSUES TODAY. >> MY UNDERSTANDING IS SOME OF THE LINES, GAS LINES, ARE
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00127-00010587-00010593 >> MY UNDERSTANDING IS SOME OF THE LINES, GAS LINES, ARE  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00128-00010593-00010764 >> MY UNDERSTANDING IS SOME OF THE LINES, GAS LINES, ARE FREEZING UP DUE TO THE EXTREME
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00129-00010764-00010770 THE LINES, GAS LINES, ARE FREEZING UP DUE TO THE EXTREME  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00130-00010770-00010864 THE LINES, GAS LINES, ARE FREEZING UP DUE TO THE EXTREME TEMPERATURES.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00131-00010864-00010870 FREEZING UP DUE TO THE EXTREME TEMPERATURES.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00132-00010870-00010967 FREEZING UP DUE TO THE EXTREME TEMPERATURES. OBVIOUSLY, TODAY WE NEED TO BE
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00133-00010967-00010974 TEMPERATURES. OBVIOUSLY, TODAY WE NEED TO BE  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00134-00010974-00011124 TEMPERATURES. OBVIOUSLY, TODAY WE NEED TO BE BETTER PREPARED AND MAKE SURE
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00135-00011124-00011131 OBVIOUSLY, TODAY WE NEED TO BE BETTER PREPARED AND MAKE SURE  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00136-00011131-00011307 OBVIOUSLY, TODAY WE NEED TO BE BETTER PREPARED AND MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS SOME TYPE OF
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00137-00011307-00011314 BETTER PREPARED AND MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS SOME TYPE OF  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00138-00011314-00011458 BETTER PREPARED AND MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS SOME TYPE OF ADDITIVE FOR THE GAS LINES TO
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00139-00011458-00011464 THAT THERE IS SOME TYPE OF ADDITIVE FOR THE GAS LINES TO  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00140-00011464-00011671 THAT THERE IS SOME TYPE OF ADDITIVE FOR THE GAS LINES TO PREVENT THEM FROM FREEZING.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00141-00011671-00011678 ADDITIVE FOR THE GAS LINES TO PREVENT THEM FROM FREEZING.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00142-00011678-00011841 ADDITIVE FOR THE GAS LINES TO PREVENT THEM FROM FREEZING. >> LEADERS ALSO SAY THEY PLAN TO
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00143-00011841-00011848 PREVENT THEM FROM FREEZING. >> LEADERS ALSO SAY THEY PLAN TO  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00144-00011848-00011958 PREVENT THEM FROM FREEZING. >> LEADERS ALSO SAY THEY PLAN TO BREAK THE ICE IN ORDER TO GET
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00145-00011958-00011965 >> LEADERS ALSO SAY THEY PLAN TO BREAK THE ICE IN ORDER TO GET  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00146-00011965-00012178 >> LEADERS ALSO SAY THEY PLAN TO BREAK THE ICE IN ORDER TO GET OUT TO THE MAIN BODY OF WATER.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00147-00012178-00012185 BREAK THE ICE IN ORDER TO GET OUT TO THE MAIN BODY OF WATER.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00148-00012185-00012519 BREAK THE ICE IN ORDER TO GET OUT TO THE MAIN BODY OF WATER. IN REDBY, SHIRELLE MOORE,
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00149-00012519-00012525 OUT TO THE MAIN BODY OF WATER. IN REDBY, SHIRELLE MOORE,  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00150-00012525-00012655 OUT TO THE MAIN BODY OF WATER. IN REDBY, SHIRELLE MOORE, LAKELAND NEWS.
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00151-00012655-00012662 IN REDBY, SHIRELLE MOORE, LAKELAND NEWS.  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00152-00012662-00012772 IN REDBY, SHIRELLE MOORE, LAKELAND NEWS. >> SARAH: IF ANYONE KNOWS
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00153-00012772-00012779 LAKELAND NEWS. >> SARAH: IF ANYONE KNOWS  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00154-00012779-00012962 LAKELAND NEWS. >> SARAH: IF ANYONE KNOWS ANYTHING ABOUT THE FISHERMEN,
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00155-00012962-00012969 >> SARAH: IF ANYONE KNOWS ANYTHING ABOUT THE FISHERMEN,  
+QPJQwKC1gq4-00156-00012969-00013022 >> SARAH: IF ANYONE KNOWS ANYTHING ABOUT THE FISHERMEN, THEY ARE URGED TO CALL RED LAKE
+QR25rorA9Uy-00000-00000603-00001163 Dr. Clifton Poodry,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00001-00001163-00001663 who is a courtesy professor at the University of Oregon where
+QR25rorA9Uy-00002-00001663-00002063 he participates in the  instruction of an ethics
+QR25rorA9Uy-00003-00002063-00002463 course for graduate students.  He was also a professor of
+QR25rorA9Uy-00004-00002463-00002963 biology at the University of  California Santa Cruz where he
+QR25rorA9Uy-00005-00002963-00003263 also served in several  administrative capacities. As
+QR25rorA9Uy-00006-00003263-00003563 a rotating program director  for developmental biology at
+QR25rorA9Uy-00007-00003563-00003763 the National Science  Foundation, he developed the
+QR25rorA9Uy-00008-00003763-00004263 minority
+QR25rorA9Uy-00009-00004263-00004663 Supplement Initiative that was implemented widely by the
+QR25rorA9Uy-00010-00004663-00005063 directorates at NSF and later  at the National Institutes For
+QR25rorA9Uy-00011-00005063-00005363 Health. He was the director of the training workforce
+QR25rorA9Uy-00012-00005363-00005963 development and diversity  division at the National
+QR25rorA9Uy-00013-00005963-00006463 Institute for General and  Medical Sciences.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00014-00006463-00006963 He developed a new research  design to understand the
+QR25rorA9Uy-00015-00006963-00007263 efficacy of interventions in  future planning of student
+QR25rorA9Uy-00016-00007263-00007663 development activities. He has also developed the Native
+QR25rorA9Uy-00017-00007663-00008063 American Research Centers for  Health program in
+QR25rorA9Uy-00018-00008063-00008563 collaboration with the Indian  Health Service as a senior
+QR25rorA9Uy-00019-00008563-00008863 fellow in the Science  Education Department at HHMI,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00020-00008863-00009963 he led the
+QR25rorA9Uy-00021-00009963-00010463 Julian Fell Oship Program and  adoption of the UMBC minehoff
+QR25rorA9Uy-00022-00010463-00010863 program. He's a resident of  the Seneca Indian Reservation
+QR25rorA9Uy-00023-00010863-00011263 in New York. He earned both a  bachelor's and master's in
+QR25rorA9Uy-00024-00011263-00011663 biology at the state  University of New York at
+QR25rorA9Uy-00025-00011663-00012063 buffalo. And he received the  PhD in biology from Case
+QR25rorA9Uy-00026-00012063-00012363 Western Reserve University. At this point I'd like to invite
+QR25rorA9Uy-00027-00012363-00012763 Dr. Poodry to make his  presentation. And welcome.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00028-00012763-00012963 Thank you so much for taking  the time to be with us today.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00029-00012963-00013263 » CLIFTON POODRY: Thank you so
+QR25rorA9Uy-00030-00013263-00013763 much for the VAISHZ.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00031-00013763-00014063 Invitation. Thanks to the  group who put this together.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00032-00014063-00014363 This has been a rich and  stimulating conversation. The
+QR25rorA9Uy-00033-00014363-00014663 presentation so far has given  me at least a lot to think
+QR25rorA9Uy-00034-00014663-00014963 about. It's really an honor to be part of this activity along
+QR25rorA9Uy-00035-00014963-00015563 with people today who
+QR25rorA9Uy-00036-00015563-00015863 I hold in highest esteem. My  path, like many we've heard of
+QR25rorA9Uy-00037-00015863-00016363 in the different sessions, my  path to leadership was
+QR25rorA9Uy-00038-00016363-00016763 definitely not intentional.  That is as a young faculty
+QR25rorA9Uy-00039-00016763-00017263 member, I never imagined  myself as a leader, even in
+QR25rorA9Uy-00040-00017263-00017663 roles as small as sharing a  small committee. I learned
+QR25rorA9Uy-00041-00017663-00018263 early on that the committee  chair gets stuck with all the
+QR25rorA9Uy-00042-00018263-00018663 work. More importantly, and  this may be cultural,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00043-00018663-00019063 I believed that people  coveting leadership were
+QR25rorA9Uy-00044-00019063-00019763 exactly the kinds of people  who shouldn't be leading.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00045-00019763-00020163 I didn't want to be coveting a leadership kind of activity.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00046-00020163-00020563 But over the years I did get  appointed to various positions
+QR25rorA9Uy-00047-00020563-00021063 , department chair, dean, I  even served for several years
+QR25rorA9Uy-00048-00021063-00021363 as associate vice chancellor,  and the offices of admissions,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00049-00021363-00021763 financial aid, learning center , equal opportunity, and the
+QR25rorA9Uy-00050-00021763-00022163 colleges were reporting to me. These were not part of my
+QR25rorA9Uy-00051-00022163-00022663 expertise. They weren't even  part of my interest, to be
+QR25rorA9Uy-00052-00022663-00023163 truthful. But I saw leadership
+QR25rorA9Uy-00053-00023163-00023663 as a necessary service. To me, leadership was a duty to
+QR25rorA9Uy-00054-00023663-00024163 perform, something that I  should do. Lucky for me, I had
+QR25rorA9Uy-00055-00024163-00024663 excellent staffs, as mentioned . The staffs are often where
+QR25rorA9Uy-00056-00024663-00025263 the leadership activities take place.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00057-00025263-00025663 I was asked did I have role  models who were Native
+QR25rorA9Uy-00058-00025663-00026063 American? I'm not going to go  into much of this but at the
+QR25rorA9Uy-00059-00026063-00026363 time that I was growing up,  both my baccalaureate and
+QR25rorA9Uy-00060-00026363-00026763 master's, there were no other  natives in the sciences. And
+QR25rorA9Uy-00061-00026763-00027263 as far as I was aware, there  were not even any natives in
+QR25rorA9Uy-00062-00027263-00027663 the whole institutions. When I was already a faculty member
+QR25rorA9Uy-00063-00027663-00028163 at Santa Cruz, my colleague  Frank Talamantes introduced me
+QR25rorA9Uy-00064-00028163-00028663 to someone he went to grad  school with, Frank Hopi so he
+QR25rorA9Uy-00065-00028663-00028963 was a first native that I had  ever met that was a scientist.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00066-00028963-00029663 He in turn introduced me
+QR25rorA9Uy-00067-00029663-00029863 to Don Shapanek at the tribal  college and I went there to
+QR25rorA9Uy-00068-00029863-00030463 visit with him because it  happened to be a school where
+QR25rorA9Uy-00069-00030463-00030963 my grandmother was sent as a  small girl during the boarding
+QR25rorA9Uy-00070-00030963-00031463 school days when students were taken from their tribes.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00071-00031463-00031663 Over the next several years  with Don and Frank, we
+QR25rorA9Uy-00072-00031663-00031963 collectively
+QR25rorA9Uy-00073-00031963-00032263 knew five
+QR25rorA9Uy-00074-00032263-00032463 natives in science. Quite a  few more in engineering, but
+QR25rorA9Uy-00075-00032463-00032663 in terms of scientists, at the time only about five. I'd like
+QR25rorA9Uy-00076-00032663-00033263 to describe a couple of  situations that may have
+QR25rorA9Uy-00077-00033263-00033663 helped shape my ability to  stay the course and just for
+QR25rorA9Uy-00078-00033663-00033963 context, so way back, I was  raised on the reservation by
+QR25rorA9Uy-00079-00033963-00034363 five different families from  the time that I was -- from
+QR25rorA9Uy-00080-00034363-00035163 the point of age 1 to age 5.  And needless to say we were
+QR25rorA9Uy-00081-00035163-00035763 very poor. I was good, but not a great student, and one event
+QR25rorA9Uy-00082-00035763-00036163 in 7th grade class is one that I'd like to tell you about.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00083-00036163-00036463 It may have made a real  difference in my life. The
+QR25rorA9Uy-00084-00036463-00036863 teacher was talking about  weather. And he'd asked a
+QR25rorA9Uy-00085-00036863-00037363 question to the class about  water movement globally. Well,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00086-00037363-00037663 no one answered. Many of us,  kind of our head down, and
+QR25rorA9Uy-00087-00037663-00037963 since there was a good long  silence, I raised my hand and
+QR25rorA9Uy-00088-00037963-00038463 offered to answer.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00089-00038463-00038660 After my answer, he said, that 's incorrect.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00090-00038660-00038790 But good thinking.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00091-00038790-00039390 Now, I was nervous speaking up to begin with, and I got it
+QR25rorA9Uy-00092-00039390-00039690 wrong. But that was okay. And  the way that he responded to
+QR25rorA9Uy-00093-00039690-00040090 me, including the way that he  just looked. Maybe he smiled.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00094-00040090-00040590 I'm not sure. But there was  something in the message. He
+QR25rorA9Uy-00095-00040590-00041090 indicated that it was okay to  make mistakes, to be mistaken,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00096-00041090-00041790 as long as you were thinking.  As long as you were thinking.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00097-00041790-00042390 I believe that that message  was a pivot point in my life.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00098-00042390-00042990 I'd like to jump ahead quite a bit to graduate school and my
+QR25rorA9Uy-00099-00042990-00043290 advisor, Professor Howard  Schneiderman. Howard exuded
+QR25rorA9Uy-00100-00043290-00043590 joy in life. He was curious  about many things. He was
+QR25rorA9Uy-00101-00043590-00043990 excited about new ideas. He  made grappling with the
+QR25rorA9Uy-00102-00043990-00044490 problems of the day seem like  an exciting venture.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00103-00044490-00045090 He was also highly respectful  of others.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00104-00045090-00045690 My skills at the time at  finding fault in others vastly
+QR25rorA9Uy-00105-00045690-00045990 exceeded my skills at finding  value. He was patient with me.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00106-00045990-00046390 If I thought something was  wrong, or someone was wrong,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00107-00046390-00047090 he challenged me to find four  perhaps hypothetical, but find
+QR25rorA9Uy-00108-00047090-00047490 four situations in which they  might be correct. Or find four
+QR25rorA9Uy-00109-00047490-00047890 ways that I might believe  something might be wrong. He
+QR25rorA9Uy-00110-00047890-00048290 asked me to really think and  articulate these.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00111-00048290-00048590 Question assumptions,  especially your own, and I
+QR25rorA9Uy-00112-00048590-00049190 actually questioned other  people's assumptions as well.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00113-00049190-00049690 Our lab at that time was very  diverse and inclusive.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00114-00049690-00050190 People international, people  of different races, genders.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00115-00050190-00050590 It was not only diverse, but  it was I felt very inclusive.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00116-00050590-00050890 So much so that I wasn't even  aware of it. I didn't
+QR25rorA9Uy-00117-00050890-00051390 recognize it as special.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00118-00051390-00051690 As one example, Lowell Davis,  African American who taught me
+QR25rorA9Uy-00119-00051690-00052290 electron microscopy and later  became a professor at Syracuse
+QR25rorA9Uy-00120-00052290-00052790 , I had no awareness at the  time of under representation,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00121-00052790-00053290 of natives or African  Americans, or how special he
+QR25rorA9Uy-00122-00053290-00053790 was because he was part of the team. He was included.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00123-00053790-00054090 Included was the norm. Howard  Schneiderman was curious. He
+QR25rorA9Uy-00124-00054090-00054490 enjoyed ideas and working  those ideas with people around
+QR25rorA9Uy-00125-00054490-00054890 . He'd say I'd rather have my  mistakes revealed here among
+QR25rorA9Uy-00126-00054890-00055090 colleagues, among friends,  than out there in a review in
+QR25rorA9Uy-00127-00055090-00055590 a
+QR25rorA9Uy-00128-00055590-00056090 manuscript. I don't know if he was what David Asai mentioned
+QR25rorA9Uy-00129-00056090-00056690 in an earlier talk, whether he was a collector or
+QR25rorA9Uy-00130-00056690-00057190 but he was certainly someone  for me to emulate.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00131-00057190-00057690 Over the years there have been many individuals, some of the
+QR25rorA9Uy-00132-00057690-00057990 panelists here, that I've met  and admired. And there are
+QR25rorA9Uy-00133-00057990-00058290 people that I would hope to  emulate. And of course I've
+QR25rorA9Uy-00134-00058290-00058590 met others along the way who  are on the do not emulate list
+QR25rorA9Uy-00135-00058590-00059090 as well.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00136-00059090-00059390 I'd like to fast forward to my years at NIGMS where my
+QR25rorA9Uy-00137-00059390-00059690 colleague Maddox, an African  American, encouraged me to
+QR25rorA9Uy-00138-00059690-00059990 take the Kennedy school of  government course for senior
+QR25rorA9Uy-00139-00059990-00060390 leaders in government. While I wasn't excited about doing
+QR25rorA9Uy-00140-00060390-00060990 that, she was very persuasive  and the experience opened my
+QR25rorA9Uy-00141-00060990-00061190 eyes in many ways and I have  been ever grateful for her
+QR25rorA9Uy-00142-00061190-00061790 advice.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00143-00061790-00062290 I had a great relationship  with my boss, my supervisor,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00144-00062290-00062690 the director of NIGMS at the  time, Marvin Casman. Marvin
+QR25rorA9Uy-00145-00062690-00063090 could be very direct, just as  Professor Tapia is very direct
+QR25rorA9Uy-00146-00063090-00063390 . Marvin could be very direct. After hearing my plan for a
+QR25rorA9Uy-00147-00063390-00063690 post-doc program that would  benefit minority-serving
+QR25rorA9Uy-00148-00063690-00064090 institutions, he told me that' s the dumbest thing I ever
+QR25rorA9Uy-00149-00064090-00064390 heard. But he allowed me to  bring in an ad hoc group to
+QR25rorA9Uy-00150-00064390-00064990 advise on the idea. And at the end of the meeting, which came
+QR25rorA9Uy-00151-00064990-00065390 a couple months later, he told the group when I heard Clif's
+QR25rorA9Uy-00152-00065390-00065590 idea, I told him it was the  dumbest thing I've ever heard.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00153-00065590-00065990 But after the conversation  today I changed my mind and I
+QR25rorA9Uy-00154-00065990-00066390 think it's worth a try. That  idea became the post-doc
+QR25rorA9Uy-00155-00066390-00067090 training program and my point  is that
+QR25rorA9Uy-00156-00067090-00067490 Marvin, as direct as he was,  he had an open mind.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00157-00067490-00067690 And he listened. He argued.  But he listened and he kept an
+QR25rorA9Uy-00158-00067690-00068390 open mind.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00159-00068390-00068690 In my division, in order to  make a memorable point, we
+QR25rorA9Uy-00160-00068690-00069190 began to describe the bottom  of approach to improving
+QR25rorA9Uy-00161-00069190-00069690 representation as the fix the  student approach. And no one
+QR25rorA9Uy-00162-00069690-00069990 likes the idea of being fixed. So we looked to move beyond
+QR25rorA9Uy-00163-00069990-00070590 fixing the students and  suggested fix the faculty and
+QR25rorA9Uy-00164-00070590-00071090 fix the institution as ideas.  I was told a way to influence,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00165-00071090-00071490 keep things as three ideas, so that's why our message was fix
+QR25rorA9Uy-00166-00071490-00071890 the students, fix the faculty, fix the institution to get
+QR25rorA9Uy-00167-00071890-00072390 people thinking about it. And  to soften the message, we call
+QR25rorA9Uy-00168-00072390-00072790 fix the faculty part faculty  development, and refer to
+QR25rorA9Uy-00169-00072790-00073190 institutional change. I now  wish we reframed that issue
+QR25rorA9Uy-00170-00073190-00073690 differently. You see, while it did let us emphasize the
+QR25rorA9Uy-00171-00073690-00073890 importance of faculty and  institutional change, we
+QR25rorA9Uy-00172-00073890-00074190 weakenned the continuing  importance of student
+QR25rorA9Uy-00173-00074190-00074790 development. I wished we  emphasized the experience of
+QR25rorA9Uy-00174-00074790-00075190 learning, of growing, and of  having a growth mindset.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00175-00075190-00075490 Enforced change, fixing  someone is offensive, but
+QR25rorA9Uy-00176-00075490-00075990 enabling growth and  development should be natural
+QR25rorA9Uy-00177-00075990-00076490 expectations, expectations of  us that are students and
+QR25rorA9Uy-00178-00076490-00076890 expectations of us that are  mentoring students. Let me
+QR25rorA9Uy-00179-00076890-00077290 summarize the three lessons  learned in my life. Just pick
+QR25rorA9Uy-00180-00077290-00077890 three. Number one, it's okay  to make mistakes, as long as
+QR25rorA9Uy-00181-00077890-00078390 you're thinking. I think this  keeps us going. So we're not
+QR25rorA9Uy-00182-00078390-00078790 afraid of thinking, of trying. Two, always question your
+QR25rorA9Uy-00183-00078790-00079290 assumptions. You can question  the assumptions of others. And
+QR25rorA9Uy-00184-00079290-00079790 three, emulate people who  embrace the joy in life, the
+QR25rorA9Uy-00185-00079790-00080190 curiosity with humility and  respect for others. And I'll
+QR25rorA9Uy-00186-00080190-00080690 break my rule of three. One  more.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00187-00080690-00080990 Model and nurture a growth  mindset.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00188-00080990-00081390 I was asked to mention a  couple things. Where are we
+QR25rorA9Uy-00189-00081390-00081790 now in preparing leaders?
+QR25rorA9Uy-00190-00081790-00082190 One of my observations is that there are numerous courses
+QR25rorA9Uy-00191-00082190-00082590 available, many online courses for leadership development,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00192-00082590-00082890 and I'd like to highlight two  very different objectives that
+QR25rorA9Uy-00193-00082890-00083390 I see in the leadership  training. One is getting there
+QR25rorA9Uy-00194-00083390-00083790 . So part of the training  helps people to achieve the
+QR25rorA9Uy-00195-00083790-00084190 positions that they're looking for. Getting there. The second
+QR25rorA9Uy-00196-00084190-00084490 thing is serving well.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00197-00084490-00084890 So two different objectives to leadership training. One is
+QR25rorA9Uy-00198-00084890-00085290 getting there. And the second  is serving well. These have
+QR25rorA9Uy-00199-00085290-00085490 different motivations I  believe, and they lead to
+QR25rorA9Uy-00200-00085490-00085890 different kinds of leaders.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00201-00085890-00086190 Courses abound with strategies for networking, for presenting
+QR25rorA9Uy-00202-00086190-00086390 oneself, influence to get  ahead. Fewer courses help
+QR25rorA9Uy-00203-00086390-00086890 develop or reinforce the  commitment to service, to
+QR25rorA9Uy-00204-00086890-00087090 doing a good job, and service  of a cause or ideals of a team
+QR25rorA9Uy-00205-00087090-00087590 or organization.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00206-00087590-00088090 What do we need to do going  forward?
+QR25rorA9Uy-00207-00088090-00088590 It's not easy but I think we  should change expectations. We
+QR25rorA9Uy-00208-00088590-00088890 should emphasize service as an essential part of the job. We
+QR25rorA9Uy-00209-00088890-00089490 should avoid incentives like  the plague. We should change
+QR25rorA9Uy-00210-00089490-00090190 the job description.  Unexpected rewards may be a
+QR25rorA9Uy-00211-00090190-00090390 technique, may be a useful  technique. Unexpected rewards
+QR25rorA9Uy-00212-00090390-00090790 can highlight values. One that I keep seeing on the TV this
+QR25rorA9Uy-00213-00090790-00091490 time of the year, the water
+QR25rorA9Uy-00214-00091490-00091890 Walter Peyton award which  rewards people for their
+QR25rorA9Uy-00215-00091890-00092390 public service, public good  that they've been doing.
+QR25rorA9Uy-00216-00092390-00092690 Finally, are there questions  where research is needed?
+QR25rorA9Uy-00217-00092690-00093390 I'll say that I don't know, in my ignorance, I'm curious
+QR25rorA9Uy-00218-00093390-00093790 about which of two motivations for learning, mastery versus
+QR25rorA9Uy-00219-00093790-00094490 performance is more important, more desirable for leadership,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00220-00094490-00094890 and all those two approaches,  mastery versus performance,
+QR25rorA9Uy-00221-00094890-00095390 whether those approaches are  ingrained in us, are those
+QR25rorA9Uy-00222-00095390-00095890 teachable? Are they coachable? It's important that leadership
+QR25rorA9Uy-00223-00095890-00096190 development be evidence-based  and I think
+QR25rorA9Uy-00224-00096190-00096690 that new tools may be needed  for
+QR25rorA9Uy-00225-00096690-00096990 rigorous research. I think I' ll leave other comments for
+QR25rorA9Uy-00226-00096990-00097390 discussion. Anyway, thank you  very, very much for allowing
+QR25rorA9Uy-00227-00097390-00097700 me to be a part of this  conversation.
+QRor26YujUI-00000-00000020-00000246 I'm sorry I couldn't add subtitles to all the parts.
+QRor26YujUI-00001-00000288-00000578 Only a few subtitles are attached.
+QRor26YujUI-00002-00000953-00001200 Let me show you the latest update of KR server on Oct 10.
+QRor26YujUI-00003-00001200-00001496 Four new companions are introduced with the update.
+QRor26YujUI-00004-00003236-00003506 Christina
+QRor26YujUI-00005-00003506-00003775 Stats Change
+QRor26YujUI-00006-00003775-00004064 ATK 110 ↑
+QRor26YujUI-00007-00004064-00004358 HP 855 ↑
+QRor26YujUI-00008-00004358-00004668 CritRate 40% ↑
+QRor26YujUI-00009-00006244-00006505 Comparing the renewed stats with the previous one (Skill +10)
+QRor26YujUI-00010-00006505-00006795 Let me compare the skills based on skill level 10.
+QRor26YujUI-00011-00006795-00007270 Her skill 1 is changed from 2 hits to 5 hits (at +0).
+QRor26YujUI-00012-00007631-00007917 Instead, ATK is reduced by 50%.
+QRor26YujUI-00013-00007918-00008236 ATK reduction by 10% means ATK is reduced to 90%.
+QRor26YujUI-00014-00008242-00008768 With 2 hits, the damage is 180% of ATK.
+QRor26YujUI-00015-00008808-00009144 Therefore, ATK reduction by 50% means ATK is reduced to 50%.
+QRor26YujUI-00016-00009154-00009612 With 5 hits, the damage is 250% of ATK.
+QRor26YujUI-00017-00009644-00009936 It means that both damage and ATK scaling is increased.
+QRor26YujUI-00018-00011259-00011518 The previous awakening skill ‘Passion’ is
+QRor26YujUI-00019-00011518-00011815 moved to skill 2. It’s same.
+QRor26YujUI-00020-00011815-00012119 Skill 3 is not changed.
+QRor26YujUI-00021-00013082-00013379 The previous skill 2 is moved to the awakening skill,
+QRor26YujUI-00022-00013379-00013670 and it’s permanent.
+QRor26YujUI-00023-00013670-00013940 For skill application turn,
+QRor26YujUI-00024-00013940-00014202 ‘Before Normal Attack’ is changed to ‘Before Battle’
+QRor26YujUI-00025-00014574-00014972 For skill duration, ‘6 turns’ is changed to ‘Permanent’.
+QRor26YujUI-00026-00015044-00015606 It means that Silence cannot ban the use of Tricolor Bomb.
+QRor26YujUI-00027-00086950-00087225 Glacia
+QRor26YujUI-00028-00087226-00087368 Stats Change ATK 331 ↑
+QRor26YujUI-00029-00087388-00087538 CritRate 50% ↑
+QRor26YujUI-00030-00087538-00087820 CritRate 50% ↑
+QRor26YujUI-00031-00088163-00088470 Her skill 1 is changed to PERM ADV Freeze Counter
+QRor26YujUI-00032-00088470-00088888 and skill 1-2 is changed from Freeze
+QRor26YujUI-00033-00089196-00089644 to ADV Freeze which lasts 24 turns
+QRor26YujUI-00034-00089706-00090148 and reduces enemy’s all stats by 65%.
+QRor26YujUI-00035-00090254-00090726 The name of skill 2 is same
+QRor26YujUI-00036-00090732-00091062 but its scaling and skill application turn is changed.
+QRor26YujUI-00037-00091062-00091378 Skill 2-1 Ice Barrier is applied ‘Before battle’,
+QRor26YujUI-00038-00091378-00091628 which was ‘After normal attack’
+QRor26YujUI-00039-00091628-00091830 and its duration turn is increased
+QRor26YujUI-00040-00091830-00092132 from 18 to 35.
+QRor26YujUI-00041-00092132-00092400 In addition, DMG reflection scaling is increased to 75%.
+QRor26YujUI-00042-00092400-00092719 DEF is boosted after being attacked. We’ll see the details at skill 2-2 DEF Boost.
+QRor26YujUI-00043-00092753-00093053 Important thing is that
+QRor26YujUI-00044-00093053-00093399 that it cannot be removed by removal type skills as exception.
+QRor26YujUI-00045-00093527-00093732 Let’s see skill 2-2 DEF Boost.
+QRor26YujUI-00046-00093732-00094034 You can see why the exception is added for skill 2-1.
+QRor26YujUI-00047-00094034-00094323 Skill application turn of DEF Boost is changed from ‘When removed/expired’ to ‘After being attacked’ (unremoved as well).
+QRor26YujUI-00048-00094323-00094609 DEF scaling is increased to 80% and it lasts for a turn.
+QRor26YujUI-00049-00094874-00095458 Skill 3 Taunt and PERM ATK Interference Immunity switched their positions,
+QRor26YujUI-00050-00095468-00095770 but they are not changed.
+QRor26YujUI-00051-00096211-00096521 A key point of Glacia is
+QRor26YujUI-00052-00096521-00096776 is Ice Barrier applied before battle like Granhildr
+QRor26YujUI-00053-00096776-00097044 (of course unremoved)
+QRor26YujUI-00054-00097044-00097424 and ADV Ice Barrier and Glacier at +15. This skill Glacier is very powerful.
+QRor26YujUI-00055-00098956-00099370 and ADV Ice Barrier and Glacier at +15. This skill Glacier is very powerful.
+QRor26YujUI-00056-00099468-00099735 It can block any damage after normal attack,
+QRor26YujUI-00057-00099735-00100031 and even Buff Prohibition cannot block this skill.
+QRor26YujUI-00058-00100031-00100344 It means that only normal attack (+dot damage
+QRor26YujUI-00059-00100344-00100494 can damage Glacia with Incoming DMG -60% and DEF +10% (at +15).
+QRor26YujUI-00060-00104086-00104371 Hottest dealers like Levia, Angelica, and Velfern can’t defeat her
+QRor26YujUI-00061-00104371-00104677 and even Nartas depending on his buffed level.
+QRor26YujUI-00062-00106237-00106426 The one who uses a skill before normal attack like Ventana or Dwen
+QRor26YujUI-00063-00106491-00106591 Dwen and the one with strong dot damage like Kyria can be a counter,
+QRor26YujUI-00064-00106632-00106922 and Asmode can kill both Glacia and himself.
+QRor26YujUI-00065-00110696-00111032 Recommended combination is with the one who has Purification,
+QRor26YujUI-00066-00111097-00111397 Healing Bestowal (when attacked) or DoT Immunity Bestowal like Refithea and Michaela.
+QRor26YujUI-00067-00112006-00112271 When she is deployed at the back line
+QRor26YujUI-00068-00112305-00112579 almost no one can kill her at one trial.
+QRor26YujUI-00069-00113078-00113348 Recommended runes are two Shield runes
+QRor26YujUI-00070-00113769-00113984 The only flaw is that skill +15 is indispensable.
+QRor26YujUI-00071-00114003-00114326 Less than +14 and +15 is totally different.
+QRor26YujUI-00072-00182625-00182893 Iris
+QRor26YujUI-00073-00182893-00183178 Stats Change
+QRor26YujUI-00074-00183178-00183456 ATK 101 ↑
+QRor26YujUI-00075-00183476-00183752 HP 1637 ↑
+QRor26YujUI-00076-00183802-00184152 First, her attack range is changed.
+QRor26YujUI-00077-00184614-00184908 She attacked one tile at front,
+QRor26YujUI-00078-00184908-00185358 but now she’s a skip hitter with ‘X’ type AOE.
+QRor26YujUI-00079-00185970-00186270 And ADV Charm is added at skill 1.
+QRor26YujUI-00080-00186392-00186683 The previous skill 1 Charm Counter is moved to skill 2.
+QRor26YujUI-00081-00187697-00187979 Its effect is same and duration is a bit increased.
+QRor26YujUI-00082-00187979-00188262 (Charm Counter 16>18, Charm 20>24)
+QRor26YujUI-00083-00188629-00188933 Skill 3 is a combination of DoT Immunity after normal attack,
+QRor26YujUI-00084-00188934-00189218 the previous awakening skill, and ADV Barrier.
+QRor26YujUI-00085-00189542-00189974 New skill 3 is ADV DoT Immunity before normal attack with Incoming DMG -65%.
+QRor26YujUI-00086-00191085-00191385 The previous skill 3 Taunt becomes a new awakening skill.
+QRor26YujUI-00087-00191385-00191677 It was ADV Taunt, but now it’s just Taunt without Incoming DMG reduction.
+QRor26YujUI-00088-00191677-00192006 The incoming DMG reduction is moved to skill 3.
+QRor26YujUI-00089-00192517-00192798 Her special point is a wide AOE
+QRor26YujUI-00090-00192798-00193224 (skip hitter attacking X tiles like Corette) and Charm (or ADV Charm).
+QRor26YujUI-00091-00198616-00198874 In addition, increased incoming DMG reduction and DEF Boost
+QRor26YujUI-00092-00198874-00199211 and Regeneration at skill 1 enhance her tanking.
+QRor26YujUI-00093-00199275-00199621 So, she is a good tanker with nice utility.
+QRor26YujUI-00094-00200439-00200740 Recommended skill level is +14 with max DEF Boost.
+QRor26YujUI-00095-00201318-00201550 Charm lasts permanently at +15,
+QRor26YujUI-00096-00201739-00202008 which gives more effects at the battle.
+QRor26YujUI-00097-00206189-00206468 Maria
+QRor26YujUI-00098-00206468-00206670 Stats Change
+QRor26YujUI-00099-00206670-00207017 ATK 274 ↑ HP 796 ↑  CritRate 15% ↑ AGI 15% ↑
+QRor26YujUI-00100-00207590-00207908 Her previous skill 1 is moved to skill 2
+QRor26YujUI-00101-00207946-00208210 with upgrade to Expert Ultimate Strike.
+QRor26YujUI-00102-00208380-00208678 Additional DMG is increased and ATK Boost
+QRor26YujUI-00103-00208678-00208959 when an enemy’s grave appears is added.
+QRor26YujUI-00104-00208959-00209296 It can be stacked up and Healing is same.
+QRor26YujUI-00105-00209414-00209706 Curse, the awakening skill,
+QRor26YujUI-00106-00209706-00209990 has increased scaling.
+QRor26YujUI-00107-00209990-00210314 Skill 1 Nullifier is same as the previous skill 2.
+QRor26YujUI-00108-00221238-00221530 Thank you for watching my video.
+QRor26YujUI-00109-00221530-00221756 I hope it was interesting for you.
+QRor26YujUI-00110-00221756-00221996 Your thumbs up and subscribe would be highly appreciated.
+QZoSPRskSAg-00000-00000390-00001205 They say you're supposed to love your body They say you should know that it's good as-is
+QZoSPRskSAg-00001-00001205-00001567 You shouldn't efface it but always embrace it
+QZoSPRskSAg-00002-00001567-00001918 They say all this, and they're probably cis
+QZoSPRskSAg-00003-00001918-00002601 While hormones have made me more at home In the earthly frame I've been granted
+QZoSPRskSAg-00004-00002601-00003336 I'm all too aware of my facial hair Which leaves me disenchanted
+QZoSPRskSAg-00005-00003336-00003971 But I dream of having a Brinks truck of loot I can drive to the hair-removal institute
+QZoSPRskSAg-00006-00003971-00004348 Where they'll slide a diabolical probe into each follicle
+QZoSPRskSAg-00007-00004348-00004718 And burn every beard hair out by the root
+QZoSPRskSAg-00008-00004877-00005519 I envy those enbies who don't give a damn Who embrace what they've got and adore it
+QZoSPRskSAg-00009-00005519-00006139 But I can't reconcile my five o'clock style It only makes me dysphoric
+QZoSPRskSAg-00010-00006139-00006792 The one silver lining of Covid Is I keep my mask in place
+QZoSPRskSAg-00011-00006792-00007430 If I don't say a word, then I never get sir'ed 'Cause no one can see my face
+QZoSPRskSAg-00012-00007430-00008073 Still I dream of having a Brinks truck of loot I can give to a person at the institute
+QZoSPRskSAg-00013-00008073-00008430 Where they'll slide a diabolical probe into each follicle
+QZoSPRskSAg-00014-00008430-00008761 And burn every beard hair out by the root
+QZoSPRskSAg-00015-00008932-00010185 Healthcare is a human right The U.S. system needs a full rewrite
+QZoSPRskSAg-00016-00010185-00010829 My beard's a tiny issue, there's much more to surmount
+QZoSPRskSAg-00017-00010829-00011605 But that doesn't mean that it doesn't count
+QZoSPRskSAg-00018-00011605-00012272 And I dream of having a Brinks truck of loot I can give to a person at the institute
+QZoSPRskSAg-00019-00012272-00012625 Where they'll slide a diabolical probe into each follicle
+QZoSPRskSAg-00020-00012625-00012931 And burn every beard hair out by the root
+QZoSPRskSAg-00021-00012931-00013578 Yes, I dream of having a Brinks truck of loot I can give to a person at the institute
+QZoSPRskSAg-00022-00013578-00013919 Where they'll slide a diabolical probe into each follicle
+QZoSPRskSAg-00023-00013919-00014269 And burn every beard hair out by the root
+QZTy5SUgYYk-00000-00000001-00000469 Welcome back to More Tips for Playing Better Minecraft from me. Shadow. This
+QZTy5SUgYYk-00001-00000469-00001002 is the zombie scepter. It can be obtained by defeating the lich. When fully charged,
+QZTy5SUgYYk-00002-00001002-00001537 it lets you summon up to nine loyal zombies that will attack and destroy your enemies.
+QZTy5SUgYYk-00003-00001537-00002095 It can be recharged with one rotten flesh, an empty scepter, and a potion of strength.
+QaIJbLjX7IY-00000-00000060-00000810 it's all of my new ideas making just the one of you. I mean, is this even real.
+QaIJbLjX7IY-00001-00000869-00001686 how is it possible that all my four latest videos could have made one and only one View.
+QaIJbLjX7IY-00002-00001782-00002100 I, I don't know how that's even possible.
+QaIJbLjX7IY-00003-00002232-00002838 but I think the likely explanation could be the little click-through rate. I'm trying to improve it,
+QaIJbLjX7IY-00004-00002910-00003414 and I just can't. even the good ones, they just don't get a good click through right.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00000-00001459-00001680 1, Let Rohan to sleep ;)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00001-00001822-00002097 Aren't you going to sleep babe?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00002-00002097-00002260 You bastards!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00003-00002260-00002606 Are you going to sleep?! Or not?!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00004-00002752-00002823 I don't want to sleep, you bastards!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00005-00002823-00002948 You’re not going to sleep!?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00006-00002948-00003203 Daddy!!! Just Wait ten years! Watch out!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00007-00003624-00003753 What's that smell?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00008-00003928-00004149 What the hell are you doing?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00009-00004149-00004371 (It’s your mommy babe)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00010-00004371-00004450 My mom?!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00011-00004558-00004771 It's too close
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00012-00004771-00005055 (In case you guys are curious if we are always like this...?)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00013-00005055-00005434 (Yeah, we’re literary always like this)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00014-00005526-00005755 You bastards!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00015-00005830-00006110 rohan, let's go to bed now(please..)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00016-00006110-00006197 (Yuka starts playing again)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00017-00006197-00006577 Aren't we going to sleep? Aren't you going to let rohan to sleep? Yuka lol
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00018-00006577-00006694 (Can't you hear me...?)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00019-00006694-00006906 (gambling)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00020-00007824-00007978 I couldn’t see it because I coughed
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00021-00008746-00009104 Now! Both of you go to bed~~~
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00022-00009309-00009605 Now, rohan, hold on! Don’t forget to say good night to daddy?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00023-00009605-00009738 Good night~
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00024-00009893-00010239 Oh, no, you don't have to come. go there
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00025-00010276-00010352 Daddy?!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00026-00010414-00010489 Daddy?!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00027-00010552-00010664 You think I sleep that easily?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00028-00010814-00010969 You let me to bed early..
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00029-00011006-00011123 I know what you're gonna do.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00030-00011123-00011428 I’m going to watch everything from here.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00031-00011428-00011594 Are you going to sleep there?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00032-00011594-00011924 Rohan good night~
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00033-00011924-00012091 You guys...
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00034-00012220-00012550 (ROHAN NEVER EASY TO GO TO SLEEP)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00035-00012595-00012833 (Finally being dragged into daddy’s hands lol)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00036-00012975-00013450 Mom, bye-bye. Good night.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00037-00013450-00013876 (Finally let Rohan to sleep...)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00038-00013884-00014330 Changing workout clothes and cleaning up the house
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00039-00014602-00014802 (The house got so messy after we played with Rohan)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00040-00014802-00015160 Sungchan is trying to let him sleep now while Yuka is cleaning the room
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00041-00015160-00015482 (If someone puts rohan to sleep)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00042-00015482-00015832 (The other one naturally clean it up the house)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00043-00015832-00016287 Time to workout
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00044-00016862-00017213 (Yuka is working out hard these days)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00045-00017680-00017838 (??? she's crazy….)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00046-00017838-00018072 It hurts…oh my god lol (Yuka is enjoying alone lol)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00047-00018309-00018526 (Sungchan came back from the bedroom)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00048-00018722-00019027 (We are free finally!!!!)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00049-00019027-00019173 Thank you for your hard work today!!!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00050-00019173-00019335 (From parents to turn back to couple:)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00051-00019661-00019940 Oh It hurts!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00052-00020165-00020282 (Oh…???)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00053-00020420-00020641 (No, this is...)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00054-00020641-00020841 Same as this lol
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00055-00021046-00021304 (You have to make that sound.?)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00056-00021617-00021930 (What's so funny about this,Yuka?)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00057-00021930-00022142 Uh, I think it's a different sport.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00058-00022142-00022226 What are you talking about?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00059-00022576-00022772 Does it that hurt? What's wrong with you?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00060-00022772-00022922 uh..(yuka’s turn)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00061-00023048-00023173 Give me a massage.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00062-00023289-00023515 4.Massage each other
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00063-00023515-00023652 (decide by rock-paper-scissors who to do first!)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00064-00023652-00023782 (Sungchan wins!)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00065-00023852-00024057 (Blessed Sungchan)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00066-00024478-00024612 (Can you stop making such a weird noise?)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00067-00024612-00024853 (But look at Yuka’s expert touch lol)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00068-00025070-00025221 Do you smell it? (Sweating a lot)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00069-00025221-00025371 Yeah
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00070-00025471-00025671 (Yuka likes to do too strong)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00071-00025671-00025817 Slow it down. Slow it down.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00072-00025817-00025925 No~
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00073-00025925-00026080 Why you don’t like that
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00074-00026130-00026322 (Now it's Yuka's turn)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00075-00026322-00026422 I'll do it. I'll show you.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00076-00026922-00027085 Don’t..!lol
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00077-00027085-00027277 (NEW HAND SKILLS)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00078-00027277-00027485 What’s that skill ?lol
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00079-00027485-00027756 Breathe. x4 (You have to spit it out.)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00080-00027781-00027927 (Whistle, are you excited?)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00081-00027927-00028057 well..
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00082-00028057-00028386 I want remove these fats…
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00083-00028386-00028486 This side?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00084-00028653-00028878 Can’t touch here lol
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00085-00028878-00029212 Oh, here? Do you want me to lose these fats here?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00086-00029212-00029300 hohohohoho(yes)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00087-00029300-00029445 Why don't you just lose weight first?(Attacks)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00088-00029445-00029608 (Fact...)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00089-00029608-00029883 (So we help each other exercise or stretch every night)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00090-00029913-00030142 (I don't know if it's the right way.LOL)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00091-00030213-00030492 Thank you, Kopkun ka
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00092-00030492-00031035 5.Walk outside or take a rest at home.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00093-00031539-00031856 (While Yuka is working out, Sungchan is watching TV)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00094-00031860-00032073 (Yuka comes back)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00095-00032132-00032227 You're early, aren't you?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00096-00032298-00032374 How'd it go?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00097-00032374-00032607 It's good
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00098-00032611-00032974 6.Editing and finishing the other tasks to do
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00099-00033099-00033379 (During the day, we want to hang out with Rohan)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00100-00033379-00033658 (So, we do our work after he sleeps usually)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00101-00033792-00034154 7.Shower time
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00102-00035151-00035452 Oh, don't do that.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00103-00035452-00036002 Don’t..please don’t~
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00104-00036411-00036594 I feel like…this scene make drop our subscribers?lol
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00105-00036594-00036657 I know, right? Lol
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00106-00036657-00036953 8. Time to do skincare
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00107-00037153-00037395 Where's the eyes?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00108-00037462-00037687 Ahaha, don't do the scalp.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00109-00037687-00038083 Well, We wear a lot of masks everyday because of Covid19
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00110-00038150-00038663 So, look, I got a pimple here. I'm so sad.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00111-00038667-00038859 I'm getting pretty good……(?)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00112-00039018-00039305 You know, I am always taken by camera because of our work, right?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00113-00039305-00039693 Well, if you have skin like me, then you wouldn’t care about pimple much…you know? (???)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00114-00039952-00040277 So, Best of Beauty Awards!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00115-00040277-00040603 Best of Beauty Awards! Lol
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00116-00040603-00040961 There's an ampoule that's number one in the Allure Cica ampoule category in 2020.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00117-00040961-00041032 Yes!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00118-00041032-00041266 And wasabi ampoule!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00119-00041266-00041383 Isn't it, uh, spicy?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00120-00041383-00041691 Isn't this a prank? (It has wasabi extract, but it doesn't feel spicy at all and feels cool.)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00121-00041699-00042025 So, let's do skin care for each other today (100% satisfaction with Allure audience in 2021)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00122-00042025-00042146 Oh~I like that
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00123-00042208-00042580 So this product is for trouble skin!! (It feels like door-to-door sales...?))
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00124-00042580-00043013 It'll be a great ampoule for skin soothing.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00125-00043013-00043109 (I believe you!)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00126-00043109-00043505 There are wasabi root in it!!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00127-00043564-00043639 Chuchumuru (extract)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00128-00043639-00043868 That's Korean lol
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00129-00043868-00044123 It contains wasabi root extract.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00130-00044152-00044406 But isn't it spicy because it's wasabi? Are we alright?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00131-00044461-00044544 It's not spicy.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00132-00044544-00044723 Don't you have confidence? Lol (Finished Skin Hypoallergenic Test)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00133-00044723-00044878 It's perfect for skin like you!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00134-00044919-00045111 The skin which has a lot of sebum…
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00135-00045111-00045236 The skin which is dripping down….
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00136-00045245-00045374 The skin which is sticky…
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00137-00045374-00045574 And the skin its shaking…(?)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00138-00045574-00045699 (So fun lol)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00139-00045699-00045812 (I don't feel good.)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00140-00045812-00045987 My face is so dirty..?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00141-00045987-00046162 I'm just kidding.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00142-00046162-00046479 This is so perfect for sensitive skin like ours.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00143-00046479-00046942 It's an ampoule that's effective in acne care and sebum control.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00144-00046942-00047184 Sungchan, do you use ampoule?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00145-00047338-00047568 I only use ampoule lol
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00146-00047568-00047822 I've used it quite a bit.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00147-00047822-00048014 The texture is light and not sticky, and it doesn't lack moisture and absorbs well.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00148-00048014-00048148 Oh, that's good. It's summer soon.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00149-00048148-00048377 I think it's good because it applies well.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00150-00048377-00048794 I think Sungchan will like it, so I'm going to try it for you
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00151-00048794-00049061 I'm gonna put like this..
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00152-00049703-00049824 Elasticity+1
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00153-00049824-00050375 It's so big that you can soak it in a cotton pad and use it as a moisturizing ampoule face masks
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00154-00050387-00050638 That's why it's always gone so fast because of you.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00155-00050638-00050792 So let's do a face mask today.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00156-00051113-00051484 This ampoule comes out on Qoo10, too.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00157-00051488-00051768 We share the discount link in the description box down below!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00158-00051768-00052114 You get an additional 10% special event for a week from May 1st to 7th!
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00159-00052335-00052598 (CHILLING WHILE WE DO THE FACE MASKS)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00160-00053040-00053403 10.chilling around watching TV before going to bed.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00161-00053678-00054033 (Talking about many things before going to bed)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00162-00054108-00054421 (Always sharing what we're going to do tomorrow and our plans etc)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00163-00054500-00054813 (Try to have as much conversation as possible without hiding from each other)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00164-00054909-00055125 I think this is the most important time for us.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00165-00055125-00055363 But, uh, when do we make the second one?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00166-00055801-00055964 (Do you think I'm going to lose?)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00167-00056118-00056364 Is it still early?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00168-00056364-00056527 It's hard to give birth.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00169-00056527-00056852 Please you give birth…. and morning sickness too please you do that
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00170-00056852-00057298 On the other hand, I want to be a woman. Yuka makes money and I would be a good housewife.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00171-00057298-00057453 It's kind the same now, though lol
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00172-00057453-00057874 Well, when Yuka says okay, let's take the second one.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00173-00057886-00058312 (I'm ending the day with this serious talk and back to enjoy watching TV)
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00174-00058366-00058504 Shall we sleep?
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00175-00058504-00058783 Let's go to bed.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00176-00058783-00059217 Good night, everyone.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00177-00059421-00059809 See you in the next video.
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00178-00060047-00060289 10.Time to sleep
+QaSOwhMG9M8-00179-00060289-00060685 It was our night routine after Rohan went to sleep ! Hope you enjoyed it!!!
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00000-00000000-00000490 [Music]
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00001-00000494-00000880 We have a dream, an idea popped in
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00002-00000880-00001132 our heads,and
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00003-00001133-00001387 we knew we had to do something about it.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00004-00001387-00001561 Each one of us noticed in their own way that
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00005-00001561-00001710 something was missing in this incredible industry,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00006-00001710-00002014 so we decided to do something about it!
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00007-00002014-00002191 Luckily for us,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00008-00002191-00002449 our timing was right
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00009-00002449-00002641 and an initiative among Argentina,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00010-00002641-00002831 Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00011-00002831-00003151 Mexico and Peru was born. In 2018,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00012-00003152-00003400 the first WGJ took place in Brazil
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00013-00003406-00003622 with the participation of 20 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00014-00003622-00003770 women in one location. 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00015-00003818-00003942 From this event,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00016-00003942-00004248 something that  needed to be shared
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00017-00004248-00004388 flourished
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00018-00004388-00004470 and  we had the idea
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00019-00004470-00004648 of taking the event to other countries.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00020-00004688-00004996 Our third edition in 2019
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00021-00005012-00005396 had the participation of 260 women
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00022-00005396-00005578 from 6 countries!
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00023-00005578-00005785 Thus we began a tradition
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00024-00005785-00006128 that we hope to keep alive until the gender gap
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00025-00006128-00006290 in the video game industry filled; 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00026-00006290-00006634 It all starts during childhood.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00027-00006634-00006911 the moment a girl stops thinking that she can be a scientist
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00028-00006911-00007272 or the president of her country is at 10 years of age.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00029-00007370-00007736 According to the Global Early Adolescent Study of the World Health Organization (WHO)
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00030-00007736-00008028 Girls stop playing earlier than boys,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00031-00008028-00008254 not because of "maturity"
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00032-00008254-00008565 as many claim
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00033-00008565-00008786 but because the act of playing 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00034-00008786-00009012 is taken away and substituted by household chores,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00035-00009012-00009217 while boys are encouraged to
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00036-00009217-00009464 continue exploring nature,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00037-00009464-00009799 getting dirty, and spending time playing video games,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00038-00009799-00010000 and have a clear and loud voice.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00039-00010000-00010225 We need to teach our girls that
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00040-00010225-00010506 bravery does not mean perfection.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00041-00010524-00010720 Women that enter the video game industry
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00042-00010720-00010963 are more likely to
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00043-00010963-00011184 have been video game players
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00044-00011184-00011380 or had contact with video games during childhood.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00045-00011384-00011600 During conversations with our community
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00046-00011600-00011736 we found out that this is a common factor. 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00047-00011762-00011938 We all had a guardian at home
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00048-00011938-00012138 that allowed us to have video games nearby, 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00049-00012156-00012364 whether it was our parents, brothers,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00050-00012364-00012597 cousins ​​or uncles, who understood
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00051-00012597-00012844 the value of video games
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00052-00012844-00013112 and defended our rights.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00053-00013118-00013458 This is the reason why we are working to get our rights back, 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00054-00013458-00013858 The right to be curious, to be free, and to create.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00055-00013890-00014062 Wishing to go back into playing
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00056-00014062-00014290 with our imagination and see ourselves
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00057-00014290-00014513 as the authors of amazing stories.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00058-00014550-00014706 No girl should ever feel
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00059-00014706-00014936 that they are not as intelligent or capable as
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00060-00014936-00015178 boys the same age, and that girls find better 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00061-00015180-00015363 allies that inspire them in those places where
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00062-00015366-00015616 there is little female representation.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00063-00015644-00015766 be it in the media,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00064-00015766-00015882 narratives,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00065-00015882-00016000 advertising, 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00066-00016000-00016094 or video games. 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00067-00016104-00016282 It might look like a contradiction
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00068-00016282-00016590 that Women represent 51% of 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00069-00016590-00016726 the world's population
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00070-00016726-00016938 and keep being a minority. 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00071-00016962-00017208 We need more representativity,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00072-00017208-00017560 more voices, more stories, more community,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00073-00017560-00017762 more spaces and more equity.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00074-00017778-00018166 Today, the  results of the Women Game Jam 2019 are visible.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00075-00018186-00018496 Since the first international edition
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00076-00018496-00018790 the number of women in events they would
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00077-00018790-00018926 not participate before increased considerably.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00078-00018926-00019130 As has the local organizations
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00079-00019130-00019446 that  work for women representation in the video game industry.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00080-00019446-00019652 This movement is unstoppable.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00081-00019652-00019862 We are miles and miles away from each other,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00082-00019862-00020164 We have some language and cultural barriers,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00083-00020168-00020448 and yet, we feel united.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00084-00020456-00020878 Now, you are also part of this transforming force!
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00085-00021460-00021632 Hi, Women Game Jam! 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00086-00021632-00021814 My name is Martina Santoro
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00087-00021814-00021960 and I am honored to be a part of this event,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00088-00021960-00022212 representing Unreal Engine.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00089-00022482-00022726 I believe it is vital that
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00090-00022726-00022994 events like this one exist;
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00091-00022994-00023226 especially under circumstances like the ones we are going through,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00092-00023230-00023482 this year,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00093-00023482-00023702 being forced to stay at home.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00094-00023702-00023926 But I think that, at the same time,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00095-00023926-00024209 we are privileged, aren’t we? Thanks to technology
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00096-00024209-00024584 and information, we can continue working,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00097-00024584-00024936 learning, and growing.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00098-00024936-00025282 I consider it very important that, today,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00099-00025283-00025573 apart from working hard
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00100-00025573-00025904 on learning and developing our technical skills,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00101-00025904-00026224 we also make an effort to connect,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00102-00026224-00026566 our entire community.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00103-00026816-00027027 The videogames community is super generous.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00104-00027029-00027200 In this industry, you will find marvelous people,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00105-00027200-00027433 who won’t hesitate to share
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00106-00027433-00027776 information, knowledge,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00107-00027776-00027883 or contacts
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00108-00027883-00028122 with you, so go for it!
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00109-00028122-00028383 The worst that can happen is to get a no
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00110-00028385-00028747 for an answer so, if that’s the worst that can happen,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00111-00028747-00029041 be brave and talk to people, ask questions
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00112-00029041-00029272 to anyone you find along your path. 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00113-00029272-00029527 So, once again, thank you so much.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00114-00029527-00029783 I hope we enjoy the next few days, 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00115-00029783-00030091 working and learning together.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00116-00030091-00030220 I’m here, in case you need me.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00117-00030220-00030424 Hugs from 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00118-00030424-00030542 Buenos Aires, Argentina. 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00119-00030542-00030739 Hello, everyone from Women Game Jam!
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00120-00030739-00030889 I’m Ana Ribeiro,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00121-00030889-00031268 creator and creative director from the virtual reality project Pixel Ripped.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00122-00031268-00031648 I’ve been working with virtual reality since 2013;
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00123-00031648-00032068 I consider myself a pioneer from virtual reality in Brazil.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00124-00032098-00032298 But first, 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00125-00032298-00032558 I'd like to thank all of you for the opportunity to be here
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00126-00032558-00032842 talking with you before the game jam;
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00127-00032842-00033026 it’s really an honor for me
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00128-00033026-00033242 Last year I had the opportunity to be one
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00129-00033242-00033490 of the speakers, and to be there physically with you,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00130-00033490-00033690 this year is going to be a bit different.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00131-00033690-00034088 Still, even if we aren't together physically,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00132-00034154-00034290 even apart,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00133-00034290-00034636 we will be with you at this game jam.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00134-00034688-00034960 I’d like to leave a  message that we,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00135-00034960-00035086 women,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00136-00035086-00035320 should empower each other more,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00137-00035320-00035530 support each other,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00138-00035530-00035730 and be more confident.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00139-00035730-00036020 I challenge you at this game jam,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00140-00036020-00036288 to seek what is unique inside you,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00141-00036288-00036536 to believe in your passion,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00142-00036536-00036736 something different, something unique
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00143-00036736-00037050 because what we have here is a unique and special moment
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00144-00037050-00037176 at this game jam.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00145-00037176-00037420 And we have very different people,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00146-00037420-00037628 we are diverse
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00147-00037628-00037938 and we have a kind of creativity that has to be explored, 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00148-00037938-00038186 the games industry needs us, 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00149-00038186-00038380 it needs our creativity
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00150-00038380-00038674 and our out of the box thinking.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00151-00038766-00039350 We need to show who we are with these games.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00152-00039350-00039594 I challenge you, let’s empower ourselves,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00153-00039594-00039786 believe in ourselves,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00154-00039786-00039950 let’s do something different.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00155-00039950-00040130 Have a nice game jam!
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00156-00040174-00040820 [Music]
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00157-00040854-00041112 This year’s theme is really close to my heart.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00158-00041148-00041410 Whether it’s virtually getting together with friends,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00159-00041428-00041824 watching the latest k-drama episode, getting frustrated at all the characters,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00160-00041882-00042220 or trying to sing a duet over video call
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00161-00042220-00042420 and slowly getting out of sync,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00162-00042454-00042832 or playing online multiplayer games over bad internet
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00163-00042890-00042988 they all add up
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00164-00043016-00043236 and make my days a little brighter.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00165-00043336-00043530 I’m hoping that with this theme,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00166-00043530-00043730 the games that come out of this jam
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00167-00043772-00043842 can 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00168-00043856-00044120 do the same and make your days a little brighter.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00169-00044228-00044428 Women Game Jam! What’s up! 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00170-00044526-00044764 Oh My  god, I’m so excited to talk to you and to be here
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00171-00044778-00044828 Hey hi,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00172-00044848-00044994 my name is Jennifer Scheurle, 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00173-00044994-00045428 I’m a Lead Game Designer at ArenaNet,up in Seattle in the USA
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00174-00045428-00045860 makers of Guild Wars, and i'm currently working on a new, unannounced project.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00175-00045980-00046590 Whenever I hear about game jams being organized for female-identifying creators, my heart is just full.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00176-00046646-00046976 When I hear that it happens in a cross-country collaboration,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00177-00046976-00047176 I can barely help my excitement.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00178-00047232-00047952 For all of you, people from Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia and Canada
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00179-00047952-00048320 you are joining to make amazing, fascinating and inspiring games!
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00180-00048320-00048504 I can’t wait to see, 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00181-00048504-00048704 What a lineup, honestly!
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00182-00048704-00049008 Let’s be serious for a minute…
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00183-00049070-00049212 Being a woman in this industry
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00184-00049212-00049310 is really difficult.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00185-00049310-00049550 I won’t lie to you that it is a rough industry
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00186-00049550-00049750 with many obstacles for people like us. 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00187-00049800-00050048 But there is something else I want to say to you:
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00188-00050048-00050166 You are needed.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00189-00050224-00050426 The women I have met in this industry
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00190-00050426-00050548 are some of the most brilliant,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00191-00050548-00050654 most resilient,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00192-00050656-00050804 most inspiring people in my life, 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00193-00050804-00051030 creating incredible art played by millions of people
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00194-00051030-00051234 all across this planet.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00195-00051284-00051552 Women in this industry come with a resilience and passion
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00196-00051554-00051734 to create for others
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00197-00051734-00052010 that I believe is really unmatched across industries.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00198-00052112-00052410 And now, here you are. And you are needed.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00199-00052434-00052746 You will be so much greater than you ever know you could be,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00200-00052796-00053212 and bringing things to this industry and to games that only you can bring to the table.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00201-00053279-00053462 And honestly with that, 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00202-00053462-00053676 I hope you enjoy creating games
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00203-00053676-00053838 together while being apart,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00204-00053838-00053994 just like our theme.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00205-00054005-00054205 And now have fun, stay hydrated,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00206-00054205-00054405 make sure you  sleep and take care of one and other,
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00207-00054405-00054504 during the jam 
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00208-00054504-00054704 and i can't wait to see what you all will be making.
+QdgtoXKn5f0-00209-00054779-00054888 Jenny Out.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00000-00000492-00001009 Japanese university students have studied English  for many years at middle and high school.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00001-00001009-00001343 Many students know a lot of  English words and grammar.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00002-00001343-00001689 Some students can read quite difficult English.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00003-00001689-00002106 Their English test scores may even be very good.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00004-00002106-00002819 However, there are three major problem with  much of the English learning in middle and high school.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00005-00002819-00003515 These problems mean that the typical Japanese  university student cannot speak English very well. 
+Qe00MoeQfko-00006-00003515-00004371 This is a problem because the target of learning English is  to use English, and that usually means to speak English.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00007-00004371-00005084 After all, when you meet a non-Japanese person,  you don’t ask them if they can read Japanese;
+Qe00MoeQfko-00008-00005084-00005472 you ask them if they can speak Japanese.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00009-00005472-00005768 Let’s look at the three main problems.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00010-00005768-00006523 For the first one, remember the four main skill areas in  English: speaking, listening, reading and writing. 
+Qe00MoeQfko-00011-00006523-00007136 Speaking and writing are called active skills  because they involve making new language.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00012-00007136-00007432 Listening and reading are called passive skills 
+Qe00MoeQfko-00013-00007432-00008028 because students work on comprehending  language that is already made by someone else.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00014-00008028-00008354 Both active and passive skills are difficult. 
+Qe00MoeQfko-00015-00008354-00008938 I’m not saying that active skills are more difficult,  or that passive skills are less important.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00016-00008938-00009801 However, when our target is speaking, we see that the active skill practice is highly important.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00017-00009801-00010343 The second problem is that much of  English learning is done in Japanese.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00018-00010343-00011015 Many students can explain English in Japanese,  but they can’t make the English without a lot of effort. 
+Qe00MoeQfko-00019-00011015-00011628 Students learn about English in Japanese; they don’t learn how to use English.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00020-00011628-00011928 Learning about English is one type of learning.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00021-00011928-00012299 Learning how to use English is another type of learning.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00022-00012299-00012954 Technically, this is called the difference between  declarative and procedural skills.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00023-00012954-00013813 Practicing procedural skills, that is, doing skills, is more  important than learning about English in Japanese.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00024-00013813-00014552 The third and final problem is about the direction of  your middle- and high-school study.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00025-00014552-00015098 Much of the time, students translate  from English to Japanese.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00026-00015098-00015915 Translation is not a bad way to study English, but actually,  translating from Japanese to English is more helpful.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00027-00015915-00016574 Using English at a high level means that  you need to be able to think in English directly,
+Qe00MoeQfko-00028-00016574-00016916 not always translate from English to Japanese.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00029-00016916-00017333 The direction of translation is very important.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00030-00017333-00017834 So we can say that after years of middle-  and high-school English study,
+Qe00MoeQfko-00031-00017834-00018418 these three problems stop many university  students becoming good users of English.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00032-00018418-00018902 In these classes, we will practice  active skills, especially speaking; 
+Qe00MoeQfko-00033-00018902-00019532 we will not study about English rules or grammar  so much (although some grammar is important);
+Qe00MoeQfko-00034-00019532-00020078 and we will practice keeping the direction into English.
+Qe00MoeQfko-00035-00020078-00020491 Let’s have fun and become good English speakers.
+QeBjJXYo38A-00000-00000522-00000729 Robert Wagner: Greetings, and welcome to the Introduction to
+QeBjJXYo38A-00001-00000729-00001080 Physical Science. In this lecture, we are going to
+QeBjJXYo38A-00002-00001080-00001449 continue continue our study of nuclear reactions. And we're
+QeBjJXYo38A-00003-00001449-00001836 going to talk about nuclear equations. So as we looked at
+QeBjJXYo38A-00004-00001836-00002223 chemical reactions, and how we can describe those with chemical
+QeBjJXYo38A-00005-00002223-00002556 equations, we're now going to look at nuclear reactions, and
+QeBjJXYo38A-00006-00002556-00003078 see how those can be described in an equation form. So first of
+QeBjJXYo38A-00007-00003078-00003386 all, we want to look at the types of particles that are
+QeBjJXYo38A-00008-00003386-00003867 involved. So if we want to remember that nuclear reactions
+QeBjJXYo38A-00009-00003867-00004350 involve changes in atomic numbers and mass numbers, or the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00010-00004350-00004806 energy states of the nuclei, so they are all changes within the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00011-00004806-00005142 nucleus of the atom. So we're not generally talking about
+QeBjJXYo38A-00012-00005145-00005475 electrons here, which is what we looked at for chemical
+QeBjJXYo38A-00013-00005475-00005940 reactions. So common are protons, which would be written
+QeBjJXYo38A-00014-00005943-00006393 as shown here, neutrons. And when we're looking at these
+QeBjJXYo38A-00015-00006393-00006804 numbers, again, we're looking at the mass number at the top, the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00016-00006987-00007593 the atomic number at the bottom, and the element are the compound
+QeBjJXYo38A-00017-00007593-00007968 that we're looking at. So with the subscript and superscript of
+QeBjJXYo38A-00018-00007968-00008571 both one with a lowercase p would be a proton, a neutron
+QeBjJXYo38A-00019-00008571-00009099 would have a superscript of one a subscript of zero, preceding
+QeBjJXYo38A-00020-00009102-00009642 the lowercase n for neutron. Alpha particles are helium
+QeBjJXYo38A-00021-00009642-00010083 nuclei, so they'd be written as He for helium. And prior to
+QeBjJXYo38A-00022-00010083-00010347 that, you would see a superscript of four and a
+QeBjJXYo38A-00023-00010347-00010842 subscript of two. A beta particle can either be any
+QeBjJXYo38A-00024-00010842-00011457 electron, or which is written with an e, sometimes it's also
+QeBjJXYo38A-00025-00011457-00011865 written with the Greek letter beta for beta particle, but a
+QeBjJXYo38A-00026-00011865-00012264 beta particle is actually an electron. And we can also see
+QeBjJXYo38A-00027-00012264-00012663 positrons, which are the similar to electrons, except they have
+QeBjJXYo38A-00028-00012663-00013125 the opposite charge. So they will have either a minus one or
+QeBjJXYo38A-00029-00013125-00013782 a plus one here, showing the charge that is present. Now,
+QeBjJXYo38A-00030-00013818-00014043 when we want to look at these, we want to look at the different
+QeBjJXYo38A-00031-00014043-00014475 types of nuclear reactions, we have alpha decay, beta decay,
+QeBjJXYo38A-00032-00014499-00014963 gamma decay, and then we have positron emission or electron
+QeBjJXYo38A-00033-00014963-00015378 capture. And what we remember is that all of these change the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00034-00015378-00015987 nucleus in some way. Now the one that gives the least change, at
+QeBjJXYo38A-00035-00015987-00016446 least in terms of compounds, is the gamma decay. If we note
+QeBjJXYo38A-00036-00016446-00016869 there, the atomic number and the atomic mass are both unchanged,
+QeBjJXYo38A-00037-00016911-00017472 we have changed the state of the electron of the sorry of the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00038-00017472-00017937 nucleus, but we have not changed the actual numbers. In other
+QeBjJXYo38A-00039-00017937-00018423 cases, we can have alpha decay, alpha decay takes some element,
+QeBjJXYo38A-00040-00018453-00018855 and that element ejects out an alpha particle or a helium
+QeBjJXYo38A-00041-00018855-00019341 nucleus and leaves behind a new element. And in this case, the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00042-00019344-00019821 atomic number will decrease by two, the mass will decrease by
+QeBjJXYo38A-00043-00019821-00020373 for giving us a completely different element. For beta
+QeBjJXYo38A-00044-00020373-00020817 decay, we eject an electron from the nucleus, so that event
+QeBjJXYo38A-00045-00020820-00021360 essentially turns a neutron into a proton to keep the charge the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00046-00021360-00021774 same. And what that is going to do is not change the mass, the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00047-00021774-00022212 mass will remain the same, but the atomic number will increase
+QeBjJXYo38A-00048-00022212-00022623 by one because we have added one proton to the nucleus, one of
+QeBjJXYo38A-00049-00022623-00023142 those neutrons, was converted into a proton. Now we can also
+QeBjJXYo38A-00050-00023145-00023709 emit a positron from the nucleus. If we do that, we are
+QeBjJXYo38A-00051-00023709-00024282 now changing a proton in to a neutron. So a electron comes out
+QeBjJXYo38A-00052-00024282-00024714 again to balance the charge, we're losing a positive charge
+QeBjJXYo38A-00053-00024714-00025233 when that positron comes out. And therefore, it's the opposite
+QeBjJXYo38A-00054-00025233-00025629 of a beta decay, again, the mass remains unchanged, but the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00055-00025629-00026195 atomic number will decrease by one. And then finally, we can
+QeBjJXYo38A-00056-00026195-00026643 actually capture any electron as well. In those cases, any
+QeBjJXYo38A-00057-00026643-00027180 electron is captured, and that will take a proton and converted
+QeBjJXYo38A-00058-00027180-00027537 into a neutron. And you can imagine that it's a similar
+QeBjJXYo38A-00059-00027537-00027891 state that to a positron emission it does exactly the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00060-00027891-00028452 same thing. In terms of how the atomic mass remains unchanged,
+QeBjJXYo38A-00061-00028473-00028947 and the atomic number decreases by one. In both of these cases,
+QeBjJXYo38A-00062-00028947-00029475 we are converting a proton into a neutron.
+QeBjJXYo38A-00063-00029616-00030018 Now we want to look at a little bit about what a positron is at
+QeBjJXYo38A-00064-00030020-00030480 positron is actually an example of anti matter. It's exactly
+QeBjJXYo38A-00065-00030480-00030894 like an electron but has a positive charge. Now we know and
+QeBjJXYo38A-00066-00030894-00031257 matter and anti matter come together, they will annihilate
+QeBjJXYo38A-00067-00031257-00031727 each other and convert into pure energy, the matter disappears,
+QeBjJXYo38A-00068-00031755-00032136 and the mass is converted to energy. And the amount is given
+QeBjJXYo38A-00069-00032136-00032700 by Einstein's equation E equals mc^2, where c is the speed of
+QeBjJXYo38A-00070-00032700-00033198 light. So a very small amount of mass can give you a large amount
+QeBjJXYo38A-00071-00033201-00033723 of energy. So when matter and math matter and antimatter meet,
+QeBjJXYo38A-00072-00033750-00034167 what happens is shown here, where we have an electron and a
+QeBjJXYo38A-00073-00034167-00034479 positron, one with a negative charge, and one with a positive
+QeBjJXYo38A-00074-00034479-00034848 charge, they combine together giving off a couple of gamma
+QeBjJXYo38A-00075-00034848-00035199 rays, which are very high energy, electromagnetic
+QeBjJXYo38A-00076-00035199-00035613 radiation, as you may recall from our section on physics.
+QeBjJXYo38A-00077-00035747-00036131 So as we look at these, these tell us, this is actually a
+QeBjJXYo38A-00078-00036131-00036536 piece of anti matter. And we're going to use those often when we
+QeBjJXYo38A-00079-00036536-00037001 look at nuclear reactions. Now, in order to balance a nuclear
+QeBjJXYo38A-00080-00037001-00037322 reaction, we do something similar to what we had in
+QeBjJXYo38A-00081-00037322-00037676 chemical reactions. In a chemical reaction, we need to
+QeBjJXYo38A-00082-00037676-00038087 keep the number of each atom exactly the same. So if we had
+QeBjJXYo38A-00083-00038087-00038519 five hydrogen atoms going in, we had to have five hydrogen atoms
+QeBjJXYo38A-00084-00038519-00038915 coming out. Now, in this case, we do not need this, but there
+QeBjJXYo38A-00085-00038915-00039392 are still two things that we have to balance. And we have to
+QeBjJXYo38A-00086-00039392-00039698 remember, it's the number of nuclear ions that remains the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00087-00039698-00040130 same. So we can change that we can actually change the types of
+QeBjJXYo38A-00088-00040130-00040526 atoms, so what goes in will not be the same type of atom that
+QeBjJXYo38A-00089-00040526-00040871 comes out. So it's different than balancing a chemical
+QeBjJXYo38A-00090-00040871-00041210 equation. And there are two things to balance because we
+QeBjJXYo38A-00091-00041210-00041633 have different things that are conserved, including mass and
+QeBjJXYo38A-00092-00041633-00042065 charge, so the sum of the mass numbers must be the same. So
+QeBjJXYo38A-00093-00042065-00042410 whatever comes in in terms of the products, we must get the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00094-00042410-00042833 same answer for the reactants. And the charge much must be
+QeBjJXYo38A-00095-00042833-00043181 conserved, and that the charge of the products is the same as
+QeBjJXYo38A-00096-00043181-00043496 the sum of the charges of the reactants. So these are the two
+QeBjJXYo38A-00097-00043496-00043883 things that we have to take into account when we are balancing a
+QeBjJXYo38A-00098-00043883-00044255 nuclear equation. And let's go ahead and take a look at an
+QeBjJXYo38A-00099-00044255-00044516 example of this. And we're going to look at the reaction of
+QeBjJXYo38A-00100-00044519-00044969 magnesium-25. And we're going to bombard it with an alpha
+QeBjJXYo38A-00101-00044969-00045359 particle. So we're going to take magnesium, and bombard it with
+QeBjJXYo38A-00102-00045359-00045812 alpha particles, and we're going to see what would come out. And
+QeBjJXYo38A-00103-00045812-00046235 we're given that it will yield a proton and some other element
+QeBjJXYo38A-00104-00046235-00046592 and we're trying to find what is that new element that is
+QeBjJXYo38A-00105-00046592-00046997 produced, it will not be magnesium. So we're going to
+QeBjJXYo38A-00106-00046997-00047387 find we have to figure out what that is going to be? Well, we
+QeBjJXYo38A-00107-00047387-00047891 can write our equation, first of all, as magnesium plus helium
+QeBjJXYo38A-00108-00047933-00048458 yields a proton, a hydrogen, a nucleus, plus something and that
+QeBjJXYo38A-00109-00048458-00048767 something is what we're trying to find, we don't yet know X
+QeBjJXYo38A-00110-00048767-00049181 represents the element, A represents the mass number Z
+QeBjJXYo38A-00111-00049181-00049508 represents the atomic number. But we don't know what any of
+QeBjJXYo38A-00112-00049508-00049946 those are yet, that is what we need to calculate here. So let's
+QeBjJXYo38A-00113-00049946-00050240 go ahead and do one of them. First, let's balance the mass
+QeBjJXYo38A-00114-00050240-00050657 number looking at the top. And what we know is that the mass
+QeBjJXYo38A-00115-00050660-00051137 that goes in, which was 25, and four has to be the mass that
+QeBjJXYo38A-00116-00051137-00051557 comes out, which is one and a and a is what we're trying to
+QeBjJXYo38A-00117-00051557-00052030 find. So we can solve this by saying that the mass on the left
+QeBjJXYo38A-00118-00052030-00052577 side, which is 25 plus four has to equal one plus A, which is
+QeBjJXYo38A-00119-00052577-00053141 the mass on the right hand side. Well, 25 plus four is 29. And
+QeBjJXYo38A-00120-00053141-00053600 one plus A is the same here. And if we subtract one from both
+QeBjJXYo38A-00121-00053600-00054149 sides here, then we find that A is equal to 28. So the mass
+QeBjJXYo38A-00122-00054149-00054632 number of our compound that comes out of this will be 28.
+QeBjJXYo38A-00123-00054677-00054965 That still doesn't help us identify it, but it helps us
+QeBjJXYo38A-00124-00054965-00055277 identify that will help us with this specific isotope that comes
+QeBjJXYo38A-00125-00055277-00055804 out. Now, next thing we have to do is balance the charge. So
+QeBjJXYo38A-00126-00055804-00056039 what we're looking at is the same kind of thing. But now
+QeBjJXYo38A-00127-00056039-00056474 we're looking at the subscripts, where we had 12 positive charges
+QeBjJXYo38A-00128-00056474-00056951 here, two positive charges with the helium. And coming out on
+QeBjJXYo38A-00129-00056951-00057353 the on the products, we have one positive charge with the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00130-00057353-00057740 hydrogen, and we need to figure out what the other one would be.
+QeBjJXYo38A-00131-00057809-00058265 So we balance these 12 plus two, that's the charge on the left is
+QeBjJXYo38A-00132-00058265-00058694 equal to one plus Z, which is the charge on the right, well,
+QeBjJXYo38A-00133-00058694-00059147 12 plus two being 14 is equal to one plus Z and again, we
+QeBjJXYo38A-00134-00059147-00059807 subtract one from each side and find out that Z is 13. So now we
+QeBjJXYo38A-00135-00059807-00060278 know the specific atomic number of this element. And that will
+QeBjJXYo38A-00136-00060278-00060730 allow us to identify it. If we go to a periodic table, we find
+QeBjJXYo38A-00137-00060730-00061229 out that atomic number 13 is aluminum. And now we can write
+QeBjJXYo38A-00138-00061232-00061769 the complete equation for this, showing that the magnesium-25 +
+QeBjJXYo38A-00139-00061772-00062387 Helium-4 yields a proton or a hydrogen nucleus, plus
+QeBjJXYo38A-00140-00062491-00062992 aluminum-28. So that then gives us the final equation. Now we've
+QeBjJXYo38A-00141-00062992-00063134 figured out what this
+QeBjJXYo38A-00142-00063238-00063712 compound is. And it is actually aluminum-28 is what is going to
+QeBjJXYo38A-00143-00063712-00064234 be produced when we bombard magnesium with alpha particles.
+QeBjJXYo38A-00144-00064309-00064597 Now, we could look at a few other examples of these in
+QeBjJXYo38A-00145-00064597-00065065 history, and ones that have been important and Marie Curie. One
+QeBjJXYo38A-00146-00065065-00065353 of the first ones that was discovered as an unstable
+QeBjJXYo38A-00147-00065355-00065995 element was polonium. So polonium 212 naturally decays
+QeBjJXYo38A-00148-00065995-00066442 into lead, plus a helium nucleus. So it gives that off.
+QeBjJXYo38A-00149-00066466-00066943 And let's note that our balancing is correct here. That
+QeBjJXYo38A-00150-00066943-00067519 212 is the mass number on the left well, 208 plus four gives
+QeBjJXYo38A-00151-00067519-00068143 us 212. The charge is 84 on the left, and 82 plus two will give
+QeBjJXYo38A-00152-00068143-00068683 us 84. So we can see that that is balanced. Another example was
+QeBjJXYo38A-00153-00068686-00069001 Ernest Rutherford's, which was a first nucleotide that was
+QeBjJXYo38A-00154-00069001-00069514 created artificially. So when nitrogen is bombarded with alpha
+QeBjJXYo38A-00155-00069514-00069991 particles or helium nuclei, it can then form an isotope of
+QeBjJXYo38A-00156-00069991-00070450 oxygen, plus hydrogen. And again, note that the mass
+QeBjJXYo38A-00157-00070450-00070861 numbers are balanced 18 On this side, 18 on this side, and that
+QeBjJXYo38A-00158-00070861-00071233 the charges are balanced nine and nine, so those always will
+QeBjJXYo38A-00159-00071233-00071800 be balanced on any specific interaction like this. And then
+QeBjJXYo38A-00160-00071800-00072250 finally, in 1932, is when the neutron was discovered. And that
+QeBjJXYo38A-00161-00072250-00072769 was done by bombarding beryllium with helium, which left carbon.
+QeBjJXYo38A-00162-00072820-00073165 Now we have to figure out if we look, if we ignore the neutron
+QeBjJXYo38A-00163-00073165-00073483 for right now, we'd find out that the charges are balanced,
+QeBjJXYo38A-00164-00073483-00073828 because we have six on the left and six on the right. But we
+QeBjJXYo38A-00165-00073828-00074371 have 13 mass units on the left, and only 12 on the right with
+QeBjJXYo38A-00166-00074371-00074818 carbon. So we need that one extra maths unit to keep maths
+QeBjJXYo38A-00167-00074818-00075304 balanced and obey the conservation of mass law. So
+QeBjJXYo38A-00168-00075307-00075613 these are a couple of examples. And we can look at a couple of
+QeBjJXYo38A-00169-00075616-00076171 couple more. But note that they are all balanced. Now, this
+QeBjJXYo38A-00170-00076171-00076702 actually, in 1937, we produced an element that does not occur
+QeBjJXYo38A-00171-00076705-00077092 on Earth, and that was technetium. And that was done by
+QeBjJXYo38A-00172-00077092-00077746 taking molybdenum 97 and bombarding it with hydrogen but
+QeBjJXYo38A-00173-00077746-00078166 not ordinary hydrogen. Note that normally hydrogen would have one
+QeBjJXYo38A-00174-00078166-00078517 for a mass number, this is two, this would be bombarding it with
+QeBjJXYo38A-00175-00078517-00078955 deuterium, which is that a heavy isotope of hydrogen. And what we
+QeBjJXYo38A-00176-00078955-00079462 find is that would yield two neutrons, plus an unstable
+QeBjJXYo38A-00177-00079462-00079999 isotope technetium that does not exist on Earth. And again, we
+QeBjJXYo38A-00178-00079999-00080404 should see that everything balances here 97 plus two leaves
+QeBjJXYo38A-00179-00080404-00080914 99 for the mass number on the left, and 97 plus two neutrons
+QeBjJXYo38A-00180-00080914-00081337 gives us 99 On the right, and the charges balanced as well
+QeBjJXYo38A-00181-00081340-00081949 with 43 and 43. And then in 1942, we looked at a nuclear
+QeBjJXYo38A-00182-00081949-00082513 chain reaction, and that was bombarding uranium 235 with
+QeBjJXYo38A-00183-00082513-00082969 neutrons, which then causes the uranium to split into
+QeBjJXYo38A-00184-00083131-00083584 bromine and lanthanum. So it splits into two other elements
+QeBjJXYo38A-00185-00083605-00084076 and plus three neutrons. And the whole idea of a nuclear chain
+QeBjJXYo38A-00186-00084076-00084427 reaction is that we then formed these neutrons, which can go
+QeBjJXYo38A-00187-00084427-00084934 back and continue the process of bombarding and causing more
+QeBjJXYo38A-00188-00084946-00085510 uranium to become unstable, and to continue that chain reaction.
+QeBjJXYo38A-00189-00085510-00085888 So this was the first controlled chain reaction. And again, I'll
+QeBjJXYo38A-00190-00085888-00086200 challenge you go ahead and add up those numbers and make sure
+QeBjJXYo38A-00191-00086224-00086755 that the charges balanced, you should get 92 on the right hand
+QeBjJXYo38A-00192-00086755-00087259 side, and you should get 236 for the mass numbers, so they have
+QeBjJXYo38A-00193-00087259-00087619 to completely balance there. To have a balanced nuclear
+QeBjJXYo38A-00194-00087619-00088012 equation. Notice how we do use coefficients, much as we used
+QeBjJXYo38A-00195-00088012-00088384 coefficients when we balance chemical equations when we had
+QeBjJXYo38A-00196-00088384-00088978 multiple numbers of a specific element. So let's go ahead and
+QeBjJXYo38A-00197-00088978-00089374 finish up with our summary. And what we've looked at in this
+QeBjJXYo38A-00198-00089374-00089773 lecture is that the particles in the nuclear reactions included
+QeBjJXYo38A-00199-00089779-00090229 nucleons, protons and neutrons But we can also consider alpha
+QeBjJXYo38A-00200-00090229-00090604 particles which are helium nuclei. And as well as the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00201-00090604-00090997 electrons and positrons and remember that positrons are any
+QeBjJXYo38A-00202-00090997-00091411 electron with a positive charge, and are a piece of anti matter.
+QeBjJXYo38A-00203-00091474-00091867 Now, nuclear reactions are balanced by balancing the mass
+QeBjJXYo38A-00204-00091867-00092197 number and the electrical charge of the reactants and the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00205-00092197-00092590 products. So, essentially we're saying that mass and charge both
+QeBjJXYo38A-00206-00092590-00092884 need to be conserved. And then we looked at a number of
+QeBjJXYo38A-00207-00092884-00093250 examples of nuclear reactions that have been important in the
+QeBjJXYo38A-00208-00093250-00093757 history of nuclear chemistry. So that concludes this lecture on
+QeBjJXYo38A-00209-00093760-00094105 nuclear equations. We'll be back again next time for another
+QeBjJXYo38A-00210-00094105-00094528 topic in physical science. So until then, have a great day
+QeBjJXYo38A-00211-00094528-00094840 everyone and I will see you in class