7gzii8qK86Q-00000-00000000-00000698 hi guys 
7gzii8qK86Q-00001-00000698-00001696 i am a noob
7ivN6j0C7IY-00000-00000000-00000421 I'm a family physician and pediatrician. I've been practicing medicine for about 12 years
7ivN6j0C7IY-00001-00000421-00000802 And I've had to, as a physician Address the life of the mother exception.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00002-00000802-00001458 I tell my patients, "Do not get an  amniocenteses." An amniocenteses is  what the obstetrician orders
7ivN6j0C7IY-00003-00001458-00002041 Um, about mid-trimester they'll put a  needle in the uterus to draw some fluid  and send it for testing
7ivN6j0C7IY-00004-00002041-00002331 And look for genetic abnormalities.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00005-00002331-00002700 Because the whole reason they do An amniocentesis, the whole reason
7ivN6j0C7IY-00006-00002709-00003202 Is so they can offer and option for abortion If there's evidence of some kind of  abnormality.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00007-00003202-00003752 Many times, it's a false positive. Turns out the baby's normal, and
7ivN6j0C7IY-00008-00003752-00004183 They're giving the mom an option to get an  abortion. Putting fear in her heart  that's not there.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00009-00004202-00004786 There's no reason to do an amniocentesis.  And when you meet one blind baby  who's been blinded because
7ivN6j0C7IY-00010-00004786-00004968 The needle went into the baby's eye
7ivN6j0C7IY-00011-00004975-00005196 It'll make you think whether this is even Good healthcare at all.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00012-00005207-00005741 But unfortunately there's been a  wrongful life suit. We hear of  wrongful death suits
7ivN6j0C7IY-00013-00005741-00006055 But there's been a wrongful life suit Where a baby was born
7ivN6j0C7IY-00014-00006055-00006380 And the prolife doctor did not Recommend an amniocenteses
7ivN6j0C7IY-00015-00006380-00006593 And the baby was born mentally handicapped
7ivN6j0C7IY-00016-00006593-00007083 And the parents sued the physician because They weren't offered an opportunity to abort
7ivN6j0C7IY-00017-00007083-00007232 And they won that lawsuit.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00018-00007232-00007773 And so fear of litigation is driving The need to recommend an amniocenteses
7ivN6j0C7IY-00019-00007773-00008198 So that you can offer an abortion if there's Any evidence of an abnormality
7ivN6j0C7IY-00020-00008345-00008975 And you know, it's become, uh, one of the Most corrupt aspects of obstetrics right now.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00021-00008975-00009379 I think there's blame to be put on the medical community for a  lack of informed consent.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00022-00009379-00009813 Physicians aren't being honest with patients About why they're doing things.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00023-00009859-00010109 And why it's necessary that she  get an amniocenteses, or
7ivN6j0C7IY-00024-00010192-00010707 That this product can kill their unborn  child. They're not telling patients,  pro-life patients
7ivN6j0C7IY-00025-00010776-00011201 That the rubella vaccine is made with Aborted fetal tissue, and the  chicken pox vaccine
7ivN6j0C7IY-00026-00011209-00011505 We're keeping this under the rug Cause we don't want people to know.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00027-00011550-00011707 And I think that's fault-worthy.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00028-00011769-00012303 I think that that's malpractice, to Prescribe a substance or recommend
7ivN6j0C7IY-00029-00012303-00012604 A therapy that can result in  the killing of your child
7ivN6j0C7IY-00030-00012640-00012908 Without your knowledge. For example,
7ivN6j0C7IY-00031-00012983-00013603 I uh, when I was in residency in the  emergency room. The ER physician  was going to give a rape patient
7ivN6j0C7IY-00032-00013721-00013902 A morning-after pill.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00033-00013920-00014202 And I said,  "Sir, you know that one of the ways this
7ivN6j0C7IY-00034-00014202-00014700 "Operates, according to the three modes of  action of the morning-after pill,  it can act as an abortifacient.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00035-00014701-00014900 "You haven't informed her of that."
7ivN6j0C7IY-00036-00014951-00015309 "You should tell her, at least, cause If she's pro-life and she discovers later
7ivN6j0C7IY-00037-00015390-00015704 Then you've not given her informed consent.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00038-00015748-00016303 That's very common. Where people or  physicians will recommend a therapy  that can harm or
7ivN6j0C7IY-00039-00016335-00016705 Result in the death of the unborn child And the patient not even know.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00040-00016755-00017204 The official position of the American Academy of Pediatrics is that their  pediatricians
7ivN6j0C7IY-00041-00017245-00017604 Should help minors get abortions Without parental consent.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00042-00017641-00017903 Even if your state has parental consent  legislation
7ivN6j0C7IY-00043-00017933-00018400 They should get a judicial bypass so that They can get an abortion of your grandchild.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00044-00018408-00019007 That is corrupt. That is a group of  physicians who have blood on their hands.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00045-00019072-00019501 That's exactly one of the reasons I started  the Association of Pro-life Physicians  six years ago.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00046-00019513-00019907 Pro-lifers need to find and prefer Pro-life doctors. Especially now that
7ivN6j0C7IY-00047-00019973-00020209 Physician-assisted suicide is legal  in several states.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00048-00020299-00021005 So my goal was to find, identify and promote Pro-life physicians. Doctors that will not  kill patients
7ivN6j0C7IY-00049-00021052-00021602 Or refer for abortions. So that anybody  could go to Pro-life physicians.org and  find a pro-life physician
7ivN6j0C7IY-00050-00021624-00021804 In their community. Because if you  go to a doctor
7ivN6j0C7IY-00051-00021849-00022002 That's willing to do an abortion
7ivN6j0C7IY-00052-00022025-00022507 That's willing to get judicial bypass in  your state so you can bypass parental  consent legislation to get that
7ivN6j0C7IY-00053-00022578-00023003 Minor child of yours to get an abortion Without your consent, you're responsible.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00054-00023038-00023803 Because you consulted that physician  not even knowing, or maybe even aware  of his godless attitude about life.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00055-00023834-00024301 And so we need to find physicians that Respect life, and we need to refer them
7ivN6j0C7IY-00056-00024318-00024507 In our consultation for medical care.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00057-00024576-00025002 And we need to restigmatize doctors In our communities who are willing to  kill people.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00058-00025023-00025302 They are Josef Mengeles,  they are to be spurned
7ivN6j0C7IY-00059-00025323-00025608 In our community we have fifteen doctors Who are pro-life without exception.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00060-00025686-00026107 From 12 different specialties. So there's  no reason for anyone to go to any doctor
7ivN6j0C7IY-00061-00026171-00026400 That's willing to kill one innocent baby.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00062-00026403-00026609 Congressman Ron Paul is an OB-GYN
7ivN6j0C7IY-00063-00026693-00026904 Who has delivered thousands of babies,  and he said
7ivN6j0C7IY-00064-00026947-00027307 He's never seen a case in which abortion Was necessary to save the life of the mother
7ivN6j0C7IY-00065-00027372-00027801 Now I've seen many physicians recommend Abortion to save the life of a mother
7ivN6j0C7IY-00066-00027818-00028005 But in essence they're trying  to protect themselves.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00067-00028056-00028602 For example, in the case in which Dr.  Tommy Mitchell Justified an abortion,  maternal chemotherapy
7ivN6j0C7IY-00068-00028619-00029006 When that woman goes to the oncologist,  and the Oncologist says,  "We can cure your chemotherapy,
7ivN6j0C7IY-00069-00029064-00029500 "But you've gotta get that abortion first.  Cause I will not give you chemotherapy  if you're pregnant."
7ivN6j0C7IY-00070-00029623-00029804 And so this woman has to get an abortion
7ivN6j0C7IY-00071-00029848-00030202 In order to get treated for chemotherapy. Why can't they simply just treat the woman?
7ivN6j0C7IY-00072-00030202-00030709 Because if the baby's born deformed If the baby's born, uh, prematurely
7ivN6j0C7IY-00073-00030791-00031401 If this wanted child is born stillborn That can affect him by way of litigation.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00074-00031410-00031908 So when a physician recommends an abortion  to save the life of the mother, it's very  often to protect themselves.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00075-00031908-00032303 Not to save the life of the mother, but to Protect themselves from lawsuits.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00076-00032331-00032504 There was a study done recently in Europe
7ivN6j0C7IY-00077-00032539-00032802 Looking at mothers who refused to get  an abortion
7ivN6j0C7IY-00078-00032823-00033201 Who had cancer and were taking chemotherapy
7ivN6j0C7IY-00079-00033215-00033805 And the study concluded that maternal  chemotherapy was relatively safe  for unborn children.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00080-00033849-00034204 So for forty years they've been killing All these babies, thousands of babies,
7ivN6j0C7IY-00081-00034242-00034405 Because the baby's gonna die anyway.  And it turns out
7ivN6j0C7IY-00082-00034405-00034807 That maternal chemotherapy is Relatively safe for unborn children.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00083-00034871-00035105 Back in the sixties there was a  rubella epidemic
7ivN6j0C7IY-00084-00035151-00035600 And physicians were arguing, "You're baby's  going to be born blind, your baby's going  to be deformed,"
7ivN6j0C7IY-00085-00035604-00035709 "There's a high miscarriage rate anyway."
7ivN6j0C7IY-00086-00035797-00036206 "Let's do the abortion, and at least now You'll be immune, this'll never happen again
7ivN6j0C7IY-00087-00036264-00036604 Well it turns out, 70% of those babies Would have been fine.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00088-00036640-00036808 And they were killing all these babies
7ivN6j0C7IY-00089-00036882-00037202 That would have been born with a handicap Or would have miscarried anyway
7ivN6j0C7IY-00090-00037224-00037601 They're killing all these babies when You don't have to kill babies to  provide healthcare.
7ivN6j0C7IY-00091-00037611-00037807 Abortion is not health care.
7lgovpkVTj0-00000-00000137-00000550 Hello everyone my name is Lita Irsanti
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7lgovpkVTj0-00008-00003890-00004553 Bye hope you enjoy this video thank you
8oNBRswZ7L4-00000-00000128-00000296 Hi, my name is Ola Rosling.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00001-00000318-00000526 and I'm Anna Rosling Rönnlund.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00002-00000526-00000718 We founded the Gapminder Foundation
8oNBRswZ7L4-00003-00000718-00000844 together with Hans Rosling,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00004-00000853-00000950 Ola's father.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00005-00000950-00001250 Together, the three of us have written a book:
8oNBRswZ7L4-00006-00001278-00001374 Factfulness.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00007-00001386-00001618 And it's actually gonna be available
8oNBRswZ7L4-00008-00001618-00001810 in 24 languages pretty soon.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00009-00001989-00002182 Unfortunately, one year ago
8oNBRswZ7L4-00010-00002182-00002324 my father passed away
8oNBRswZ7L4-00011-00002324-00002582 in the middle of writing the book together with us.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00012-00002638-00002750 And since then
8oNBRswZ7L4-00013-00002750-00002970 the two of us have spent night and day
8oNBRswZ7L4-00014-00002990-00003134 finalising the book.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00015-00003134-00003282 So we are very, very happy
8oNBRswZ7L4-00016-00003282-00003420 that finally its ready.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00017-00003514-00003738 And we are now gonna show you a clip
8oNBRswZ7L4-00018-00003738-00003897 that we recorded two years ago
8oNBRswZ7L4-00019-00003897-00004020 together with Hans.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00020-00004190-00004472 It explains how we ended up deciding
8oNBRswZ7L4-00021-00004476-00004604 to write this book.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00022-00004910-00005174 It all started in this very living room.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00023-00005202-00005344 17 years ago.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00024-00005344-00005526 And at the dinner I couldn't resist
8oNBRswZ7L4-00025-00005528-00005864 showing you my first version of this bubble graph
8oNBRswZ7L4-00026-00005864-00006034 where each bubble is a country,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00027-00006060-00006200 down here income,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00028-00006254-00006658 here health, and color was different continents
8oNBRswZ7L4-00029-00006658-00006864 And I remember that you sort of liked it.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00030-00006864-00007122 Yeah, I did and we actually brought it home and
8oNBRswZ7L4-00031-00007122-00007348 do you remember, we put it on our wall at home.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00032-00007348-00007626 And the fun thing was that our friends also started liking it
8oNBRswZ7L4-00033-00007626-00007908 So they started talking about the bubbles and so on and we....
8oNBRswZ7L4-00034-00007908-00008062 I think that was the starting point
8oNBRswZ7L4-00035-00008081-00008376 when we realised that we really wanted to work further on the project.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00036-00008416-00008712 So you were making an animated version of it,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00037-00008728-00009136 and you started using the animated version on your lectures.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00038-00009156-00009348 And it seemed quite popular.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00039-00009348-00009566 And then we attracted so much data,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00040-00009566-00009796 actually, so we realised, this won't work.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00041-00009796-00009980 We need to somehow scale it up.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00042-00009988-00010116 We were very lucky.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00043-00010130-00010394 At that first TED talk in 2006.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00044-00010404-00010644 We prepared jointly, my talk.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00045-00010644-00010900 And then, when I had finished the talk,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00046-00010900-00011154 two persons came rushing up on the stage.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00047-00011170-00011290 First was Al Gore.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00048-00011290-00011454 And the second was a little shorter.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00049-00011468-00011814 It was Larry Page. The co-founder of Google.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00050-00011814-00012052 And Larry Page looked at me, you know,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00051-00012052-00012194 the old professor, then he said:
8oNBRswZ7L4-00052-00012194-00012320 “Who wrote the code?”
8oNBRswZ7L4-00053-00012320-00012590 He understood directly that this old man
8oNBRswZ7L4-00054-00012590-00012688 hadn't done the code.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00055-00012688-00012804 And I had to answer:
8oNBRswZ7L4-00056-00012804-00013169 “Well, its my son, his wife and their team of programmers.”
8oNBRswZ7L4-00057-00013169-00013458 “They are invited to come to Google and present it.”
8oNBRswZ7L4-00058-00013458-00013728 Our hope was that Google would kind of steal the idea.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00059-00013728-00013930 Instead they wanted us to work at Google,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00060-00013930-00014240 to develop what later became Google Public Data.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00061-00014278-00014574 Where users across the World can search data
8oNBRswZ7L4-00062-00014574-00014832 and we liberated, together with the World Bank,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00063-00014832-00015144 public data, and also from Eurostat, and others.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00064-00015144-00015313 So, that in the search results,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00065-00015313-00015580 you can find the latest statistics from the official source.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00066-00015580-00015719 So that's a great achievement
8oNBRswZ7L4-00067-00015719-00015913 to democratise access to data.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00068-00015913-00016163 Unfortunately very few people search for data
8oNBRswZ7L4-00069-00016163-00016438 and if you find the data, its often fragmented
8oNBRswZ7L4-00070-00016450-00016686 You don't get the big worldview
8oNBRswZ7L4-00071-00016686-00016908 from fragments in a Google result.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00072-00016920-00017088 We went back to Gapminder
8oNBRswZ7L4-00073-00017088-00017360 where we had left Hans some years earlier,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00074-00017360-00017568 to actually develop teaching materials.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00075-00017596-00017816 And for us to prioritise
8oNBRswZ7L4-00076-00017816-00018050 we realised we should go out and just measure.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00077-00018082-00018420 But what was the sad news, or shocking even,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00078-00018436-00018718 was that people knew barely nothing, right?
8oNBRswZ7L4-00079-00018718-00018892 The ignorance was so massive.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00080-00018914-00019130 And you did public surveys,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00081-00019144-00019338 with survey companies, through the internet.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00082-00019372-00019548 and with those results, I said
8oNBRswZ7L4-00083-00019548-00019824 “But the professional groups I lecture to now...”
8oNBRswZ7L4-00084-00019842-00020392 you know, "...in United Nations, in universities and corporate sector...”
8oNBRswZ7L4-00085-00020402-00020554 “They must know this.”
8oNBRswZ7L4-00086-00020572-00020908 Then we got these answering devices.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00087-00020908-00021172 where you can put questions and answers.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00088-00021190-00021694 And to our surprise, we found the same lack of knowledge
8oNBRswZ7L4-00089-00021694-00022146 of major demographic change, health change, economic change in the world.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00090-00022176-00022504 And that's when we realised we have to write a book,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00091-00022508-00022772 where we put all these things together.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00092-00022808-00023080 And this is the book called Factfulness,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00093-00023080-00023186 that we have done together.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00094-00023378-00023626 This clip was recorded two years ago.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00095-00023626-00024036 And since then, the Gapminder foundation has tested the general public
8oNBRswZ7L4-00096-00024092-00024204 in 14 countries,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00097-00024204-00024446 with fact-questions about the state of the World.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00098-00024464-00024790 The results were absolutely terrible!
8oNBRswZ7L4-00099-00024814-00025006 Even worse than we expected.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00100-00025026-00025218 Among 12,000 people,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00101-00025236-00025630 The vast majority got almost all the questions wrong,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00102-00025633-00025810 as you will see in the book.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00103-00025838-00026102 It seems like people are suffering from
8oNBRswZ7L4-00104-00026114-00026306 an overdramatic worldview.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00105-00026324-00026604 They think the world is in much worse shape
8oNBRswZ7L4-00106-00026622-00026758 than it actually is.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00107-00026758-00026962 And this leads to terrible decisions
8oNBRswZ7L4-00108-00026974-00027189 and tons of unnecessary stress.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00109-00027224-00027424 To solve this problem though,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00110-00027424-00027708 we needed to understand how is it even possible
8oNBRswZ7L4-00111-00027752-00027880 that so many people
8oNBRswZ7L4-00112-00027920-00028160 are getting so many things so wrong?
8oNBRswZ7L4-00113-00028262-00028602 Well, fortunately we found clear patterns
8oNBRswZ7L4-00114-00028602-00028820 behind the common misconceptions.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00115-00028822-00028982 And together with Hans,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00116-00029004-00029382 we identified the 10 dramatic instincts
8oNBRswZ7L4-00117-00029422-00029694 that make people misinterpret the World
8oNBRswZ7L4-00118-00029708-00029833 again and again
8oNBRswZ7L4-00119-00029833-00030112 and leading to an over dramatic world view.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00120-00030160-00030427 It all sounds bad, but actually,
8oNBRswZ7L4-00121-00030486-00030554 Our book
8oNBRswZ7L4-00122-00031077-00031458 Actually, our book is truly comforting
8oNBRswZ7L4-00123-00031486-00031782 because it gives you concrete rules of thumb
8oNBRswZ7L4-00124-00031812-00032112 to control your dramatic instincts.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00125-00032127-00032324 And it actually teaches you
8oNBRswZ7L4-00126-00032324-00032548 the new relaxing thinking habit
8oNBRswZ7L4-00127-00032556-00032848 which we call Factfulness.
8oNBRswZ7L4-00128-00032850-00033082 And Hans´s stories are really fun.
8s0hCkrKmxE-00000-00000054-00000672 if he went into one of our new website videos, you might have noticed that the description has
8s0hCkrKmxE-00001-00000672-00001398 been updated, and this happened because we had to change it for the other pages to get indexed
8s0hCkrKmxE-00002-00001398-00002250 by Google, and I wanted the pages to show up in Google search, and I didn't want them to just not
8s0hCkrKmxE-00003-00002250-00003018 be indexed at all. it had to be at least one site or so linking through the page that I've created.
8yiCGv26YSE-00000-00001117-00001217 Very excited.
8yiCGv26YSE-00001-00001217-00001355 Yeah, very excited.
8yiCGv26YSE-00002-00001355-00001676 Oh yeah, I think we're ready.
8yiCGv26YSE-00003-00001676-00001894 I think we're certainly ready.
8yiCGv26YSE-00004-00001894-00002497 Joining the SpaceX Demo2 test, he is a Marine Corps colonel and test pilot.
8yiCGv26YSE-00005-00002497-00002747 He was selected as an astronaut in 2000.
8yiCGv26YSE-00006-00002747-00002991 He piloted Space Shuttle Endeavour and
8yiCGv26YSE-00007-00002991-00003485 Atlantis for STS-135, the final space shuttle mission.
8yiCGv26YSE-00008-00003485-00003797 Introducing NASA astronaut Doug Hurley.
8yiCGv26YSE-00009-00004424-00004838 It's a life-changing process in so many ways to fly in to space.
8yiCGv26YSE-00010-00004838-00005202 It's just overwhelming in some some respects
8yiCGv26YSE-00011-00005476-00006190 just the sensations, the rumbling, the shaking, the acceleration, when the
8yiCGv26YSE-00012-00006191-00006670 engines shut off and you go from, in the case of the shuttle, you go from 3 G's to
8yiCGv26YSE-00013-00006670-00007147 zero G's instantaneously and things start floating and I remember distinctly
8yiCGv26YSE-00014-00007147-00007422 just thinking what just happened.
8yiCGv26YSE-00015-00007726-00008575 To see a rocket launch in person, is it's a pretty emotional event.
8yiCGv26YSE-00016-00008575-00008845 I remember the first time I saw a shuttle launch and it's just it was
8yiCGv26YSE-00017-00008845-00009181 amazing and then when I saw shuttle launch with
8yiCGv26YSE-00018-00009181-00009710 my wife on it, that is, that is quite the emotional
8yiCGv26YSE-00019-00009710-00009975 experience.
8yiCGv26YSE-00020-00009975-00010292 My name is Doug Hurley and I'm the spacecraft commander for the Demo2
8yiCGv26YSE-00021-00010292-00010534 mission to the International Space Station.
8yiCGv26YSE-00022-00011174-00011559 We are doing the first crewed flight for NASA and for SpaceX. So this
8yiCGv26YSE-00023-00011559-00012147 is the test flight to prove end-to-end: from launch to docking to ISS operations
8yiCGv26YSE-00024-00012147-00012478 and then entry, descent and landing.
8yiCGv26YSE-00025-00012478-00012688 This will be the first time the Dragon that
8yiCGv26YSE-00026-00012688-00013266 crew on board and so there's a myriad of objectives we want to achieve for this
8yiCGv26YSE-00027-00013266-00013458 mission.
8yiCGv26YSE-00028-00013458-00014063 SpaceX has been responsible for design and and essentially making this
8yiCGv26YSE-00029-00014063-00014331 vehicle what it is.
8yiCGv26YSE-00030-00014331-00014672 What the astronauts bring to the table is the crew vehicle
8yiCGv26YSE-00031-00014672-00014849 interface.
8yiCGv26YSE-00032-00014849-00014968 What would work on orbit.
8yiCGv26YSE-00033-00014968-00015106 What might not work on orbit.
8yiCGv26YSE-00034-00015106-00015409 What would definitely work. To be able to just have
8yiCGv26YSE-00035-00015409-00015984 the entire integrated team that's gonna support us getting to and from space
8yiCGv26YSE-00036-00015984-00016490 station talking together, working through the challenges that simulators typically
8yiCGv26YSE-00037-00016490-00016981 throw at you, it was really neat being part of it.
8yiCGv26YSE-00038-00016981-00017465 It's just been an incredible undertaking to see where we've come just
8yiCGv26YSE-00039-00017465-00017862 in the last five years that that Bob and I have been a part of this and to be you
8yiCGv26YSE-00040-00017862-00018376 know shortly flying to the International Space Station with the Crew Dragon.
8yiCGv26YSE-00041-00018376-00018579 It overwhelms you to think about how many
8yiCGv26YSE-00042-00018579-00019129 people have in some way, shape or form touched this program in this, in this
8yiCGv26YSE-00043-00019129-00019635 vehicle to get us to this point and you know we are the lucky ones that get to
8yiCGv26YSE-00044-00019635-00019740 fly it.
8yiCGv26YSE-00045-00019740-00020170 But we certainly, not for one second take for granted the amount
8yiCGv26YSE-00046-00020170-00020680 of effort that so many other people had to put into this to make it successful.
8yiCGv26YSE-00047-00020680-00021390 >> For Doug personally, he's worked so hard through his entire life to get to
8yiCGv26YSE-00048-00021390-00021562 where we are right now.
8yiCGv26YSE-00049-00021562-00021997 As a test pilot, this would be the dream to fly a new
8yiCGv26YSE-00050-00021997-00022097 vehicle.
8yiCGv26YSE-00051-00022097-00022676 So it makes me so happy to see that he gets to be part of this mission.
8yiCGv26YSE-00052-00022676-00023271 A spacecraft commander, I'm just glad to see his hard work and his dreams come
8yiCGv26YSE-00053-00023271-00023507 true for that.
8yiCGv26YSE-00054-00023507-00023867 >> It's been a long road in a lot of ways for not only us, but
8yiCGv26YSE-00055-00023867-00024273 certainly for all the folks that work in the Commercial Crew Program as well as
8yiCGv26YSE-00056-00024273-00024373 SpaceX.
8yiCGv26YSE-00057-00024373-00024826 In our case, just working to get to this point, it's been a huge amount of
8yiCGv26YSE-00058-00024826-00025360 sacrifice and and time away from home, but the fruits of our labor are coming to fruition.
8zgwLzOiPYk-00000-00000761-00000961 [Microsoft Sam] Wait, I realized I'm missing something. I need to check for st-
8zgwLzOiPYk-00001-00001610-00001873 (internal screaming)
8zgwLzOiPYk-00002-00005268-00005345 ta-Ta-ta-Ta-ta-TA-
8zgwLzOiPYk-00003-00005346-00005418 take everythi
8zgwLzOiPYk-00004-00005418-00005478 take everyth
8zgwLzOiPYk-00005-00005478-00005648 take ever-take-tak-tak-tak-tatatattttt
8zgwLzOiPYk-00006-00007600-00007745 gonna make you patsay
8zgwLzOiPYk-00007-00007771-00008081 (unintelligible)
8zgwLzOiPYk-00008-00008081-00008281 CLLlllllllllllll..............
8zgwLzOiPYk-00009-00008642-00008842 OOooo.......
8zgwLzOiPYk-00010-00012498-00012808 ROUND 8, NOT ROUND 9!!!
8-LPLcFKkO8-00000-00000000-00000200 Mr. Sausage
8-LPLcFKkO8-00001-00000313-00000513 Mr. Sausage sausage mister
8-LPLcFKkO8-00002-00000513-00000713 sausage  
8-LPLcFKkO8-00003-00000761-00000961 Mr. Sausage
8AyceLN_7ZY-00000-00000062-00000202 What is the easiest way
8AyceLN_7ZY-00001-00000219-00000576 to make a lot of money working online starting from zero?
8AyceLN_7ZY-00002-00000605-00000862 I'll show you inside my own business income
8AyceLN_7ZY-00003-00000879-00001024 here from last year.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00004-00001041-00001169 I'm Jerry Banfield.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00005-00001185-00001686 Today, this is my profit  and loss report from 2016.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00006-00001698-00001914 I'll show you my biggest single expense here
8AyceLN_7ZY-00007-00001931-00002224 which is called contract labor.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00008-00002248-00002627 That means I paid someone to do something for me.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00009-00002646-00003291 Now, guess who received the majority of the $154,860
8AyceLN_7ZY-00010-00003308-00003508 in contract labor payments.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00011-00003596-00003942 The majority of that probably $100,000 or so
8AyceLN_7ZY-00012-00003958-00004183 was received by friends.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00013-00004246-00004638 Guess what? When I look around for someone to do something for me,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00014-00004655-00005161 I look as to what friends I have who are available to do work for me,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00015-00005188-00005419 and I'm not the only one who does this.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00016-00005436-00005865 Have you been mad before to read or hear someone who's wealthy
8AyceLN_7ZY-00017-00005882-00006081 and/or who's written a book
8AyceLN_7ZY-00018-00006100-00006345 or a small business owner, whatever it is.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00019-00006362-00006556 Guess what? It seems like their friends
8AyceLN_7ZY-00020-00006573-00006833 and family members are always making a bunch of money
8AyceLN_7ZY-00021-00006850-00007125 doing what seems to be very easy work for them.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00022-00007174-00007446 Well, that's how it works. Whether you like it or not,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00023-00007462-00007738 one of the easiest ways to make money online
8AyceLN_7ZY-00024-00007754-00008017 is to figure out which of your friends
8AyceLN_7ZY-00025-00008034-00008498 and family members might need help that you could provide
8AyceLN_7ZY-00026-00008515-00008919 by doing something for them online. This might even be counter-intuitive.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00027-00008935-00009167 You might have a wealthy uncle and think,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00028-00009184-00009510 "They've got their business, they don't need things done online."
8AyceLN_7ZY-00029-00009556-00009875 If you start researching and looking at their business,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00030-00009891-00010091 you might realize,"Hey, your website
8AyceLN_7ZY-00031-00010108-00010282 or your social media is pretty bad,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00032-00010299-00010499 would you like me to help out?"
8AyceLN_7ZY-00033-00010542-00010858 Often, you might be able to earn way more money
8AyceLN_7ZY-00034-00010897-00011224 by working for a friend or family member, helping them out,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00035-00011241-00011413 than anyone else would pay you.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00036-00011429-00011724 Why? Because when I pay my friends,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00037-00011742-00012171 I don't want to low ball my friends and pay them the very lowest
8AyceLN_7ZY-00038-00012188-00012322 I could possibly stand.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00039-00012353-00012699 I want to pay them something that both of us feel good about
8AyceLN_7ZY-00040-00012716-00013025 and I prefer to err on the side of paying them more,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00041-00013053-00013508 because then I feel good that I've given them something to do,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00042-00013525-00013813 that I've given them what you might call employment,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00043-00013843-00014206 and I feel good about paying friends and family members
8AyceLN_7ZY-00044-00014223-00014342 more to do work for me.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00045-00014389-00014708 Another way, if you look and you honestly say,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00046-00014725-00014994 "Okay Jerry, I live in this country or whatever,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00047-00015010-00015226 no one I know has any money
8AyceLN_7ZY-00048-00015243-00015437 or is doing anything and could pay me."
8AyceLN_7ZY-00049-00015469-00015809 Okay, I realize that you might be in that position.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00050-00015826-00016026 However, lots of people watching,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00051-00016042-00016247 If you just stick with friends and family,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00052-00016264-00016586 you can find it. If you are certain no one you know,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00053-00016603-00016784 if you've done the research, no one.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00054-00016801-00017030 I don't mean you think right away, "No one"
8AyceLN_7ZY-00055-00017047-00017202 Look. Really Look.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00056-00017272-00017603 If you find after scouring your friends and family.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00057-00017620-00017984 no one has any money and will pay you to do anything,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00058-00018013-00018270 okay now, here's the second biggest way
8AyceLN_7ZY-00059-00018299-00018711 I spent out both my contract labor and a significant part
8AyceLN_7ZY-00060-00018728-00019240 of my advertising budget. I paid freelancers online,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00061-00019256-00019560 who are enrolled in and taking my courses,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00062-00019577-00019828 who were the most helpful.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00063-00019867-00020187 I didn't pay people who were just begging for money
8AyceLN_7ZY-00064-00020204-00020510 who were trying to "Jerry, want you to give me some money
8AyceLN_7ZY-00065-00020527-00020930 or give me this." I've hired people and still pay people
8AyceLN_7ZY-00066-00020947-00021351 to do work for me, who have been helping out,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00067-00021399-00021936 who do something useful without asking often for any payment.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00068-00021978-00022397 For example, I have a friend that he started answering
8AyceLN_7ZY-00069-00022414-00022788 a bunch of other people's questions in one of the classes I was teaching,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00070-00022808-00023091 just being really helpful answering all these questions.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00071-00023113-00023313 He was answering them better than I was
8AyceLN_7ZY-00072-00023374-00023549 and I looked and said,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00073-00023566-00023989 "What can I do to get him to answer all these questions?
8AyceLN_7ZY-00074-00024006-00024415 Why don't I ask if he'll accept money in exchange for answering
8AyceLN_7ZY-00075-00024432-00024649 all these questions, then I don't have to?"
8AyceLN_7ZY-00076-00024707-00024989 In other words, if you show up and are really helpful
8AyceLN_7ZY-00077-00025005-00025266 in the communities you're already participating in,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00078-00025282-00025631 especially if they require a paid access to get into,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00079-00025680-00025953 you likely will find  that you can work out
8AyceLN_7ZY-00080-00025970-00026360 some really good deals  to do work for people then,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00081-00026400-00026589 whereas the opposite of this
8AyceLN_7ZY-00082-00026606-00026815 is trying to just go solicit for clients,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00083-00026832-00027094 trying to cold call, trying send cold emails.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00084-00027122-00027392 That tends to be a complete waste of time.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00085-00027413-00027673 I've had thousands of people send me cold emails,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00086-00027689-00027857 complete waste of time for them,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00087-00027874-00028217 and such a complete waste of time for them and me
8AyceLN_7ZY-00088-00028233-00028533 that I don't even respond to cold emails anymore.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00089-00028636-00028847 If you want to get some really good
8AyceLN_7ZY-00090-00028864-00029231 contract labor online, one of the best ways to do it
8AyceLN_7ZY-00091-00029247-00029469 can be show up in some of these communities
8AyceLN_7ZY-00092-00029486-00029621 you're already involved in
8AyceLN_7ZY-00093-00029666-00029987 and if you see, for example, that you want to help someone,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00094-00030004-00030104 but you don't know
8AyceLN_7ZY-00095-00030120-00030486 what you're doing enough then learn a skill you can use,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00096-00030518-00030896 and then start helping out with that, and you'll be amazed.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00097-00030930-00031216 As a person who's paid a lot of people
8AyceLN_7ZY-00098-00031232-00031387 to help me out in my business,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00099-00031404-00031630 I'm amazed it's consistently challenging
8AyceLN_7ZY-00100-00031646-00032033 to find people who are able to provide the help I need.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00101-00032071-00032384 At the same time, I know it's difficult then
8AyceLN_7ZY-00102-00032401-00032734 as someone who's willing to work to find someone who's willing
8AyceLN_7ZY-00103-00032751-00032951 to pay you a good wage to do it.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00104-00032968-00033216 This is the best of what I've found,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00105-00033246-00033514 out of spending hundreds of thousands of dollars,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00106-00033531-00033795 paying people to help me with my business online,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00107-00033836-00034215 that works for you and people just like you
8AyceLN_7ZY-00108-00034231-00034462 to make the very best amount of money
8AyceLN_7ZY-00109-00034483-00034829 with the least amount of struggle and effort. Did you notice
8AyceLN_7ZY-00110-00034845-00035159 anything in what I said requires sending out resumes?
8AyceLN_7ZY-00111-00035176-00035471 No, it doesn't. You get to know people.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00112-00035487-00035831 You build deeper relationships in your life in the communities
8AyceLN_7ZY-00113-00035848-00036127 you're already a part of. Maybe seek out a new community
8AyceLN_7ZY-00114-00036144-00036534 here and there, and you will find you get more opportunities
8AyceLN_7ZY-00115-00036551-00036769 than you ever imagined. I'm very grateful
8AyceLN_7ZY-00116-00036785-00036985 I have this information to share today.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00117-00037002-00037114 I've started doing,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00118-00037131-00037541 this is my first of a shorter tutorial video
8AyceLN_7ZY-00119-00037559-00037922 to just give you one little lesson, I hope, is really helpful,
8AyceLN_7ZY-00120-00037939-00038165 and to do it in 10 minutes or less.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00121-00038182-00038343 Thank you very much for watching.
8AyceLN_7ZY-00122-00038360-00038560 I hope you have a wonderful day today.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00000-00000225-00000654 A lot of us have probably heard of the phenomenon of ghost cities in China.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00001-00000654-00001234 Entire cities that have been built with fancy villas, lakes, parks, high-rise apartment
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00002-00001234-00001480 blocks, huge shopping precincts…
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00003-00001480-00001739 They’re only missing one thing — people.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00004-00001739-00002110 As Dinny McMahon said in his book, China’s Great Wall of Debt,
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00005-00002110-00002526 “The phenomenon very much has been driven by the debt splurge that really kicked into
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00006-00002527-00002780 gear after the global financial crisis.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00007-00002780-00003193 Local governments around the country tried to juice and stimulate their economies by
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00008-00003193-00003556 building more infrastructure and stimulating the property market.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00009-00003556-00004029 This seemingly wasteful construction is carried out by both state-owned firms and private
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00010-00004029-00004126 companies.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00011-00004126-00004636 Private property developers will build housing in places that end up being ghost cities because
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00012-00004636-00005162 they believe in the ability of the Chinese property market to only go up and up and up.”
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00013-00005162-00005646 Now, in some parts of Sydney, we’re seeing a similar phenomenon (although on a much smaller
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00014-00005646-00005738 scale).
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00015-00005738-00006314 In the suburb of Carlingford, about 22km northwest of the Sydney CBD, there are a large number
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00016-00006314-00006850 of new multi-storey apartment developments, which were approved during the housing boom.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00017-00006850-00007150 However, from all reports, they’re just not selling.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00018-00007150-00007512 A perfect storm is brewing in Sydney’s apartment market.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00019-00007512-00008054 According to SQM Research, a property data agency out of Sydney, rental vacancy rates
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00020-00008054-00008554 across Sydney hit 3.4% last month (May 2019).
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00021-00008554-00009050 That’s the highest level since 2005 — the year that records began.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00022-00009050-00009674 Vacancy rates in the Hills District in northwestern Sydney hit 5.8%, with some parts reaching
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00023-00009674-00009848 as high as 7%.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00024-00009848-00010326 Vacancy rates in the City of Sydney (that is, the CBD and surrounding suburbs) reached
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00025-00010326-00010518 5.4%.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00026-00010518-00011228 By the end of 2019, about 54,000 new apartments that were built in 2018 and 2019 will hit
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00027-00011228-00011526 the market, causing an over-supply.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00028-00011526-00012061 Dr Andrew Wilson, chief economist at My Housing Market, said that some parts of Sydney could
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00029-00012062-00012394 now be described as “a ‘ghost-tower’ environment”.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00030-00012394-00012468 He said,
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00031-00012468-00012910 “We've come through a massive apartment boom in Sydney, and now we're at peak supply.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00032-00012910-00013222 It's all combined to create those empty towers.”
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00033-00013222-00013719 Louis Christopher, founder of SQM Research, spoke of the impact of foreign ownership on
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00034-00013720-00013881 the Sydney property market.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00035-00013881-00013956 He said,
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00036-00013956-00014356 “Some foreign investors buy properties to keep as a storage of value.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00037-00014356-00014540 It's like buying a gold bar.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00038-00014540-00014916 They'll buy and hold and keep it shut for the whole duration of their ownership.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00039-00014916-00015331 They prefer to leave their properties empty to avoid wear and tear and make it easier
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00040-00015331-00015586 to sell them quickly when the market turns.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00041-00015586-00016063 Apart from adding up rental vacancies, listings and anecdotal evidence from developers and
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00042-00016063-00016616 real estate agents, it’s difficult to quantify exactly how many unoccupied apartments exist.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00043-00016616-00017084 But we do believe there is a fairly large component — especially new apartment properties
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00044-00017084-00017314 — that are simply unoccupied.”
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00045-00017314-00017704 The Australian Federal Government have tried to discourage this practice of buying and
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00046-00017704-00018310 holding new property by introducing a foreign owners vacancy tax back in December 2017.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00047-00018310-00018742 Owners are charged a fee if their property is not occupied or rented out for more than
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00048-00018743-00018889 six months a year.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00049-00018889-00019456 However, this tax only applies to property that was bought after 9th May 2017, around
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00050-00019456-00019738 the same time the property boom was subsiding.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00051-00019738-00020231 Karl Fitzgerald, Project Director at Prosper Australia, spoke of the focus on developers
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00052-00020232-00020390 rather than the community.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00053-00020390-00020462 He said,
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00054-00020462-00020782 “We actually prefer to call it ‘manufactured scarcity’.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00055-00020782-00021159 And it's done to deliver the best outcome for the developers, with little regard for
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00056-00021160-00021278 the community.
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00057-00021278-00021714 For some it makes more economic sense to keep vacant rather than rent out or put on the
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00058-00021714-00021828 market.”
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00059-00021828-00022068 So what are your thoughts on the Sydney property market?
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00060-00022068-00022558 Is it just one big glut with some owners holding out until they can sell for a profit?
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00061-00022558-00023040 Are some suburbs of Sydney turning into ghost cities in the same vein as China?
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00062-00023040-00023506 Is the Australian property market just one big rort where a few rich developers make
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00063-00023506-00024010 money, but Joe Citizen doesn’t benefit and is just priced out of the market?
8Bcs5FUSn2o-00064-00024010-00024166 Where will this all end?
8GP6uLzkjyE-00000-00000386-00000444 Hello
8GP6uLzkjyE-00001-00000490-00000642 I'm OnlyOneOf's a crybaby, KB
8GP6uLzkjyE-00002-00000826-00001050 We cried at the showcase yesterday
8GP6uLzkjyE-00003-00001142-00001238 My eyes are swollen
8GP6uLzkjyE-00004-00001374-00001466 I think I've become a wimp
8GP6uLzkjyE-00005-00001562-00001770 I don't know how do I treat a swollen eyes
8GP6uLzkjyE-00006-00001805-00001922 I can't do anything at all
8GP6uLzkjyE-00007-00002028-00002196 If you know what to do when your eyes are swollen
8GP6uLzkjyE-00008-00002398-00002658 please leave a comment I would be grateful
8GP6uLzkjyE-00009-00003018-00003274 Please look forward to it and give some any recommendation
8GP6uLzkjyE-00010-00004018-00004214 (Look at this)
8GP6uLzkjyE-00011-00004374-00004480 satisfaction
8GP6uLzkjyE-00012-00004814-00004876 (Look at this too)
8GP6uLzkjyE-00013-00005248-00005324 Nice
8GP6uLzkjyE-00014-00005392-00005456 Sli~di~n~g
8GP6uLzkjyE-00015-00006016-00006098 Thumb and
8GP6uLzkjyE-00016-00006106-00006156 What was it?
8GP6uLzkjyE-00017-00006156-00006212 I forget it suddenly
8GP6uLzkjyE-00018-00006890-00006959 (Now I get it)
8GP6uLzkjyE-00019-00006998-00007100 We can do well, right?
8GP6uLzkjyE-00020-00007423-00007523 The first broadcast anniversary photo shoot V^^V
8GP6uLzkjyE-00021-00007988-00008080 Let's meet OnlyOneOf?
8GP6uLzkjyE-00022-00008122-00008222 Historical OnlyOneOf's first broadcast stage
8GP6uLzkjyE-00023-00010118-00010292 We're done!
8GP6uLzkjyE-00024-00010494-00010568 I was too nervous
8GP6uLzkjyE-00025-00010796-00010846 It was so fun to me
8GP6uLzkjyE-00026-00010886-00010984 I enjoyed the show
8GP6uLzkjyE-00027-00011116-00011328 I met the fans for the first time
8GP6uLzkjyE-00028-00011474-00011610 At the beginning I was too nervous
8GP6uLzkjyE-00029-00011668-00011930 but many fans were cheering for us, so I felt better
8GP6uLzkjyE-00030-00012048-00012172 Thank you so much for the fans
8GP6uLzkjyE-00031-00012358-00012420 Mornitoring
8GP6uLzkjyE-00032-00012500-00012578 No sweat
8GP6uLzkjyE-00033-00012700-00012852 I'm sweating right now~
8GP6uLzkjyE-00034-00012872-00012922 Before that
8GP6uLzkjyE-00035-00013091-00013158 everyone was sweating
8GP6uLzkjyE-00036-00013204-00013254 Oh nice
8GP6uLzkjyE-00037-00013319-00013369 Oh good
8GP6uLzkjyE-00038-00013469-00013569 Wow Nine, You much better
8GP6uLzkjyE-00039-00013682-00013758 You can hear the cheering from the left
8GP6uLzkjyE-00040-00013786-00013846 There were our fans there
8GP6uLzkjyE-00041-00013941-00014013 You guys did great job
8GP6uLzkjyE-00042-00014682-00014826 Our first broadcast stage~
8GP6uLzkjyE-00043-00014954-00015138 The live show was done
8GP6uLzkjyE-00044-00015258-00015360 I was a little bit tensed
8GP6uLzkjyE-00045-00015391-00015519 I wasn't nervous until I got on stage
8GP6uLzkjyE-00046-00015762-00015832 My hands (were shaking)
8GP6uLzkjyE-00047-00015862-00015986 I don't think I'm shivering
8GP6uLzkjyE-00048-00016147-00016219 What's going on here?
8GP6uLzkjyE-00049-00016250-00016328 YooJunng did like this
8GP6uLzkjyE-00050-00016728-00016790 I had butterflies in my stomach
8GP6uLzkjyE-00051-00016832-00017182 It's the first time to do it infront of the fans
8GP6uLzkjyE-00052-00017250-00017508 Many people saw me it feels like I'm naked?
8GP6uLzkjyE-00053-00017516-00017566 You did well!
8GP6uLzkjyE-00054-00017764-00017832 Didn't you monitor it?
8GP6uLzkjyE-00055-00017908-00018124 We're going to show you a lot of great stuffs
8GP6uLzkjyE-00056-00018258-00018396 We'll get it done!
8GP6uLzkjyE-00057-00018422-00018486 We'll be at the top!
8GP6uLzkjyE-00058-00018534-00018586 FIGHTING!
8GP6uLzkjyE-00059-00018816-00018938 Mr. Nine, please say something
8GP6uLzkjyE-00060-00018992-00019152 It was too hard to find the cameras
8GP6uLzkjyE-00061-00019238-00019354 We've been preparing it so hard
8GP6uLzkjyE-00062-00019430-00019558 Please look forward to us a lot
8GP6uLzkjyE-00063-00019658-00019758 THANK YOU SO MUCH!
8GP6uLzkjyE-00064-00020068-00020168 We are OnlyOneOf
8GP6uLzkjyE-00065-00020360-00020452 THANK YOU SO MUCH!
8JYQC1BTPYu-00000-00000328-00000723 Tony, a fisherman, has been living in a house by the lake since he was young.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00001-00000723-00001259 Over the years, the lake is becoming more popular and one day a large hotel gets built.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00002-00001259-00001725 The hotel obscures all the sunlight and the guests leave their trash on the beach . To
8JYQC1BTPYu-00003-00001725-00002014 Tony these are negative externalities.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00004-00002014-00002506 Although, the good smell of the freshly roasted coffee from the coffee shop that opened right
8JYQC1BTPYu-00005-00002506-00002843 next to the hotel is a positive externality though
8JYQC1BTPYu-00006-00002843-00003265 Things start getting complicated when a paper factory begins polluting the river that flows
8JYQC1BTPYu-00007-00003265-00003696 down the mountain into the lake where Tony and other fishermen earn a living.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00008-00003696-00003976 Can you think of the effects the factory may have on the community?
8JYQC1BTPYu-00009-00003976-00004539 You may pause the video and share your thoughts before we continue!
8JYQC1BTPYu-00010-00004539-00004886 The paper factory is using the clean water from the mountain river.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00011-00004886-00005294 Through the production process, the water gets dirty and afterwards the polluted water
8JYQC1BTPYu-00012-00005294-00005498 is put back into the river.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00013-00005498-00006009 This water then kills a lot of fish downstream - a cost to society that no one covers.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00014-00006009-00006374 Tony and the fishermen start to fear for their existence.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00015-00006374-00006784 And then things get worse…
8JYQC1BTPYu-00016-00006784-00007203 The paper mill, which doesn’t factor the cost of the dead fish into their cost of production,
8JYQC1BTPYu-00017-00007203-00007534 is therefore charging too little when selling the paper.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00018-00007534-00008022 As a consequence, the paper is so cheap that the coffee shop starts using disposable cups
8JYQC1BTPYu-00019-00008022-00008250 where they were using porcelain before.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00020-00008250-00008740 This again leads to more production of paper, more polluted water, more fish dying and more
8JYQC1BTPYu-00021-00008740-00008900 trash on the beach.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00022-00008900-00009307 Tony is getting anxious.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00023-00009307-00009800 To change the situation, the fishermen decide to stage public protests until the local government
8JYQC1BTPYu-00024-00009800-00009958 announces a new law.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00025-00009958-00010412 The factory is now forced to fully internalize the costs of their waste management through
8JYQC1BTPYu-00026-00010412-00010590 the installation of filters.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00027-00010590-00011046 Soon after, the water is clean again and Tony and the other fishermen can go back to selling
8JYQC1BTPYu-00028-00011046-00011251 the same amount of fish they used to.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00029-00011251-00011582 And since the price of the paper goes up to cover the costs of the filtration systems,
8JYQC1BTPYu-00030-00011582-00012102 the coffee shops begin serving drinks in real cups again.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00031-00012102-00012593 We can illustrate what is happening on a supply and demand chart with price and quantity demanded
8JYQC1BTPYu-00032-00012593-00012693 for the paper:
8JYQC1BTPYu-00033-00012693-00013281 In an unregulated market, the factory supplies its products based on so-called private costs,
8JYQC1BTPYu-00034-00013281-00013656 such as construction, salaries and the raw materials.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00035-00013656-00013838 Demand meets supply accordingly.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00036-00013838-00014253 If the paper factory would have added the costs of the damages that it causes to society,
8JYQC1BTPYu-00037-00014253-00014609 the supply curve would have shifted to the left, leading to an equilibrium reflecting
8JYQC1BTPYu-00038-00014609-00014903 the true costs, including the social costs.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00039-00014903-00015606 Now the price of paper is higher and the quantity of paper demanded is lower.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00040-00015606-00015956 Pollution and other negative externalities are especially prevalent where people lack
8JYQC1BTPYu-00041-00015956-00016303 the same moral values and where things tend to be free of charge.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00042-00016303-00016747 Such is the case with water or air.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00043-00016747-00017013 Fishing at high seas is such a case.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00044-00017013-00017439 Since no one can fully control the oceans and the high sea doesn’t really belong to
8JYQC1BTPYu-00045-00017439-00018246 anyone, everyone takes as much as they can - a phenomenon called the tragedy of the commons.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00046-00018246-00018775 To combat negative externalities and avoid such a tragedy, we can do four things: create
8JYQC1BTPYu-00047-00018775-00019428 public awareness, assign property rights appropriately, force the internalization of negative externalities
8JYQC1BTPYu-00048-00019428-00019896 or turn to regulation and fines.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00049-00019896-00020090 Let's summarize:
8JYQC1BTPYu-00050-00020090-00020495 Externalities are consequences of an activity experienced by a third party.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00051-00020495-00020977 Negative externalities that are not internalized, distort supply and demand at the expense of
8JYQC1BTPYu-00052-00020977-00021095 third parties.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00053-00021095-00021660 To avoid market distortion and a tragedy of the commons, we can combat negative externalities.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00054-00021660-00022232 Ready to help us think how to do that in order to curb CO2 emissions?
8JYQC1BTPYu-00055-00022232-00022731 People that drive cars that run on petrol cause emissions, including CO2 which is responsible
8JYQC1BTPYu-00056-00022731-00022953 for air pollution and climate change.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00057-00022953-00023395 In order to reduce emissions, some governments give their citizens a financial incentive
8JYQC1BTPYu-00058-00023395-00023570 if they buy an electric car.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00059-00023570-00023900 Imagine you are the Minister of Transportation in your country.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00060-00023900-00024306 Could you think of another way to increase the number of electric cars on the streets
8JYQC1BTPYu-00061-00024306-00024545 by applying the concept of externalities?
8JYQC1BTPYu-00062-00024545-00026327 Please write down your ideas in the comments below!
8JYQC1BTPYu-00063-00026327-00026657 If you found this helpful, check out our other videos and subscribe.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00064-00026657-00026969 If you want to support our work, join us on patreon.com/sprouts.
8JYQC1BTPYu-00065-00026969-00027483 For more information and additional contents, visit sproutsschools.com
8KoAUYAHEug-00000-00000097-00000412 0 welcome to the final episode
8KoAUYAHEug-00001-00000412-00000959 in instant efficiency series in this video
8KoAUYAHEug-00002-00000959-00001317 we will see how office 365 can help you
8KoAUYAHEug-00003-00001317-00002001 execute business more efficiently I'm sure your organization has a vision
8KoAUYAHEug-00004-00002001-00002185 mission and a group strategy
8KoAUYAHEug-00005-00002185-00002621 that is broken down into job description for each employee
8KoAUYAHEug-00006-00002621-00002980 individual work is managed using Outlook
8KoAUYAHEug-00007-00002980-00003315 delegation must be managed using assign
8KoAUYAHEug-00008-00003315-00003663 task in Outlook and for team execution
8KoAUYAHEug-00009-00003663-00004185 we have SharePoint task list most kind of work
8KoAUYAHEug-00010-00004185-00004885 involves document information and communication creating documents is
8KoAUYAHEug-00011-00004887-00004985 usually done
8KoAUYAHEug-00012-00004985-00005409 using Office tools once created
8KoAUYAHEug-00013-00005409-00005724 the big question is where to store the documents
8KoAUYAHEug-00014-00005724-00006153 and how to distribute them to others The answer is
8KoAUYAHEug-00015-00006153-00006468 store on PC and distributed using
8KoAUYAHEug-00016-00006468-00006718 mails and attachments
8KoAUYAHEug-00017-00006718-00007227 unfortunately both methods as the wrong and inefficient
8KoAUYAHEug-00018-00007227-00007704 if something it has to be shared it should not be made into a copy
8KoAUYAHEug-00019-00007704-00008059 it should be stored in this central secure place
8KoAUYAHEug-00020-00008059-00008492 which is called SharePoint which is a part of office 365
8KoAUYAHEug-00021-00008492-00008817 so remember sharing means single
8KoAUYAHEug-00022-00008817-00009002 copy
8KoAUYAHEug-00023-00009002-00009347 now let us see how to store things document
8KoAUYAHEug-00024-00009347-00009801 should be stored in document library tabular information should be stored in
8KoAUYAHEug-00025-00009801-00009898 list
8KoAUYAHEug-00026-00009898-00010242 communication mails meeting requests and tasks
8KoAUYAHEug-00027-00010242-00010544 should be managed using Outlook
8KoAUYAHEug-00028-00010544-00010871 information that is associated with a document
8KoAUYAHEug-00029-00010871-00011284 is stored as columns if the columns are
8KoAUYAHEug-00030-00011284-00011584 reusable then we store them as content
8KoAUYAHEug-00031-00011584-00012259 types along with relevant templates in order to create
8KoAUYAHEug-00032-00012259-00012627 ad hoc or unstructured information with your team
8KoAUYAHEug-00033-00012627-00013089 create a OneNote notebook and store it on SharePoint
8KoAUYAHEug-00034-00013089-00013454 information is automatically synchronized with the team
8KoAUYAHEug-00035-00013454-00014105 without the need for sending in emails with attachments
8KoAUYAHEug-00036-00014105-00014416 when you've stored things on SharePoint you control
8KoAUYAHEug-00037-00014416-00014863 who can do what and when
8KoAUYAHEug-00038-00014863-00014966 now you can do
8KoAUYAHEug-00039-00014966-00015351 time bound documents faster and with higher quality
8KoAUYAHEug-00040-00015351-00015874 because multiple persons can edit the same document simultaneously using Word
8KoAUYAHEug-00041-00015874-00016138 or PowerPoint
8KoAUYAHEug-00042-00016138-00016562 whenever document changes SharePoint automatically stores the previous
8KoAUYAHEug-00043-00016562-00016623 version
8KoAUYAHEug-00044-00016623-00016823 for your reference
8KoAUYAHEug-00045-00016823-00017216 SharePoint can also alert you automatically whenever
8KoAUYAHEug-00046-00017216-00017788 anything changes in a document library on our list
8KoAUYAHEug-00047-00017788-00018105 using this you can simplify delivery of reports
8KoAUYAHEug-00048-00018105-00018564 create the reports in Excel and then specify which
8KoAUYAHEug-00049-00018564-00019132 areas are to be shown on as a report and store them in SharePoint
8KoAUYAHEug-00050-00019132-00019594 SharePoint will then convert your Excel files to web-based reports
8KoAUYAHEug-00051-00019594-00020023 so that anybody with the browser on any device can view the reports
8KoAUYAHEug-00052-00020023-00020591 you can also use SharePoint List
8KoAUYAHEug-00053-00020591-00020923 to capture data from field staff
8KoAUYAHEug-00054-00020923-00021370 the manager can analyze and monitor the work by creating a live
8KoAUYAHEug-00055-00021370-00021925 Pivot table linked to the data
8KoAUYAHEug-00056-00021925-00022049 using slide library
8KoAUYAHEug-00057-00022049-00022383 a tease you can create a central library
8KoAUYAHEug-00058-00022383-00022715 of commonly use slides
8KoAUYAHEug-00059-00022715-00023319 your staff can link to those slides in their presentations
8KoAUYAHEug-00060-00023319-00023367 right now
8KoAUYAHEug-00061-00023367-00023602 but the slide changes
8KoAUYAHEug-00062-00023602-00024013 all presentations are automatically updated by SharePoint
8KoAUYAHEug-00063-00024013-00024461 and Powerpoint if you want to deliver
8KoAUYAHEug-00064-00024461-00024903 live presentation to you have two choices if it's a simple presentation
8KoAUYAHEug-00065-00024903-00025040 which is one way
8KoAUYAHEug-00066-00025040-00025414 and voice is to be done on a conference call
8KoAUYAHEug-00067-00025414-00025907 PowerPoint offers presentation broadcast
8KoAUYAHEug-00068-00025907-00026249 if you want interaction with live audio and video
8KoAUYAHEug-00069-00026249-00026920 Lync is a preferred option most of these features are available
8KoAUYAHEug-00070-00026920-00027620 on any device on any platform have as you can see
8KoAUYAHEug-00071-00027681-00027981 office365 can help you grow faster
8KoAUYAHEug-00072-00027981-00028458 with minimal wastage of resources wider group ride
8KoAUYAHEug-00073-00028458-00028747 and Nevis know your feedback thank you
8MscFMJFuh0-00000-00000000-00000050 gaming
8MV8XzqxD3o-00011-00003066-00003358 tabseN: I whiffed that one...
8MV8XzqxD3o-00012-00003396-00003618 We didn't play that scenario too well and also had no kit
8MV8XzqxD3o-00013-00003774-00004015 Oh, I had a kit. Damned.
8MV8XzqxD3o-00014-00004015-00004168 That wasn't too good from me...
8MV8XzqxD3o-00018-00005116-00005418 tabseN: It's really difficult to retake with double AWP
8MV8XzqxD3o-00019-00005454-00005904 Simply due to the rifles being way more mobile and the awps
8MV8XzqxD3o-00020-00005904-00006010 having to play on their mistakes
8MV8XzqxD3o-00021-00006042-00006324 If that mistake never happens, you have to push in
8MV8XzqxD3o-00022-00006324-00006586 and outplay the enemies
8MV8XzqxD3o-00023-00006602-00006816 Unzoom, fastzoom of even with the pistol
8MV8XzqxD3o-00024-00006834-00007268 and that is a really difficult situation and woxic is also a great player
8MV8XzqxD3o-00025-00007268-00007436 who finnishes this situation perfeclty.
8MV8XzqxD3o-00039-00010746-00011006 tabseN: That was a wonderful round from Owen(smooya)
8MV8XzqxD3o-00040-00011006-00011342 simply due to the fact that he called early how he wants to play it out.
8MV8XzqxD3o-00041-00011342-00011608 He said:"I will smoke in front of coils
8MV8XzqxD3o-00042-00011608-00011810 and flash myself in, going through the smoke."
8MV8XzqxD3o-00043-00011812-00012054 He gets an easy kill and even threw a good flash for me at quad.
8MV8XzqxD3o-00044-00012176-00012530 Thats what you expect from a world class player
8MV8XzqxD3o-00045-00012530-00012788 that gets in those situations often times.
8MV8XzqxD3o-00046-00012794-00013097 He's definitely on the right track to do all those things
8MV8XzqxD3o-00047-00013097-00013416 how the situation will pan out so his team can adapt to the situation.
8MV8XzqxD3o-00048-00013444-00013580 World class AWP in this round!
8MV8XzqxD3o-00051-00014236-00014512 tabseN: I remember that round
8MV8XzqxD3o-00052-00014713-00015013 In that round, tizian communicated really well
8MV8XzqxD3o-00053-00015013-00015319 He yelled:"GUYS YOU HAVE TO GO CT BASE AND WE DO RUIN SPLIT!"
8MV8XzqxD3o-00054-00015338-00015491 He yelled really loud!
8MV8XzqxD3o-00055-00015522-00015990 You could really see his initiative there
8MV8XzqxD3o-00056-00015997-00016238 and that this makes the difference in this round.
8MV8XzqxD3o-00057-00016246-00016554 Obviously a world class X on X situation from Can(XANTARES) and Joe(nex).
8MV8XzqxD3o-00058-00016632-00016934 Really calm and clever here, no silly mistakes.
8MV8XzqxD3o-00059-00016980-00017234 nex: We play it well, I spot him in banana
8MV8XzqxD3o-00060-00017234-00017539 and then we said:"Three, Two, One, GO!"
8MV8XzqxD3o-00061-00017540-00017706 and then we killed him!
8MV8XzqxD3o-00063-00018024-00018340 Obviously a good round from can(XANTARES)
8MV8XzqxD3o-00064-00018362-00018492 Yes, very good.
8MV8XzqxD3o-00065-00018616-00018928 tabseN: In the end good and easy communication
8MV8XzqxD3o-00066-00018928-00019134 "I have this, you have that."
8MV8XzqxD3o-00067-00019138-00019488 wonderful, good counter strike
8MV8XzqxD3o-00068-00019774-00019944 nex: I think the game against mousesports
8MV8XzqxD3o-00069-00019944-00020246 was lost because we
8MV8XzqxD3o-00070-00020248-00020634 lost confidence. I think we should've beaten them on nuke.
8MV8XzqxD3o-00071-00020694-00021078 We had the game in our own hands for a long time
8MV8XzqxD3o-00072-00021116-00021368 but in the end you could see that
8MV8XzqxD3o-00073-00021368-00021560 we lack experience in those X on X situations
8MV8XzqxD3o-00074-00021568-00021776 which is why we lost many stupid rounds.
8MV8XzqxD3o-00075-00021842-00022230 Once we fix those mistakes, we will be much stronger.
8piWoJZ6vb4-00000-00000000-00000200 Nawa aya e soniaya/Mola jutt dilog/chota don
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00000-00000675-00000874 Why
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00001-00000874-00001074 Why?
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00002-00001086-00001500 Why is this happening again and again and again
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00003-00001702-00002138 I Feel like I'm unable to really enjoy the here and now for long
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00004-00002310-00002696 I Struggle my head my thoughts are killing me
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00005-00002760-00003152 And it boils up to a point where I can't handle it anymore
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00006-00003334-00003534 What am I?
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00007-00003595-00003795 Am I enough?
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00008-00003921-00004121 Intelligent enough?
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00009-00004155-00004355 Pretty enough?
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00010-00004398-00004598 Am I even funny?
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00011-00004717-00005196 What will be left if I lose something I rely on so much
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00012-00005266-00005446 Who will I be?
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00013-00005446-00005646 How will I betray myself?
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00014-00005668-00005868 What will be left?
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00015-00006067-00006267 I'm a f**k up
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00016-00006292-00006905 What am I really good at what am I doing here right now? What's the point?
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00017-00007095-00007295 I Know this will fade again
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00018-00007333-00007922 And maybe tomorrow, I will feel like the best, the hottest, the coolest person ever...
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00019-00008155-00008355 But they come back...
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00020-00008380-00008580 these dark
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00021-00008602-00008822 self-destructive thoughts always come back
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00022-00009025-00009750 This is a fight with myself. I don't want to bother the people with this we all have our battles
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00023-00009931-00010308 I'm scared of how many rounds. I'm still going to lose in this fight
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00024-00010399-00010625 But I hope... I know!
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00025-00010717-00010897 That someday
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00026-00010897-00011097 I'll win
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00027-00011149-00011633 I Wanna to be strong, I wanna to inspire. I want to send this out to the world
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00028-00011728-00011982 Maybe I can reach someone that feels the same
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00029-00012082-00012282 Maybe I can even help
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00030-00012310-00012510 So they don't feel alone
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00031-00012700-00013194 Maybe that's the purpose... maybe that's the point
8pwYyQwdr1Y-00032-00013478-00014033 You are beautiful! don't give up you!...
8pBNXTS1czU-00000-00000398-00000971 Hello Good Day and welcome to About Device, today we are going to be learning
8pBNXTS1czU-00001-00000971-00001694 how to disable Windows 10 updates so first of all to disable Windows 10
8pBNXTS1czU-00002-00001694-00002528 updates, click on the window button then click on settings, on clicking on
8pBNXTS1czU-00003-00002528-00003305 settings click on update and security, so it will bring you to window updates so
8pBNXTS1czU-00004-00003305-00004152 click on Advanced Options and then on the Advanced Options you could see
8pBNXTS1czU-00005-00004152-00005160 that it says what automatically download updates even over metered connections so
8pBNXTS1czU-00006-00005160-00005736 what you will do is you will disable this and then you close the Setting
8pBNXTS1czU-00007-00005736-00006321 On disabling that any of your connection you have to change the properties so
8pBNXTS1czU-00008-00006321-00006981 that it will be a metered connection so here,  I'll launch this and this is my
8pBNXTS1czU-00009-00006981-00007763 my internet connection, so I click on properties, on clicking on properties
8pBNXTS1czU-00010-00007763-00008717 I'll scroll down towards set as metered connections, so since I've disabled the
8pBNXTS1czU-00011-00008717-00009306 ability of Windows Update to update over metered connection and I've set this
8pBNXTS1czU-00012-00009306-00010089 network as a metered connection.Thus there will be no Windows 10 update on this
8pBNXTS1czU-00013-00010089-00010449 machine. Thanks for watching this tutorial
8pBNXTS1czU-00014-00010449-00010900 Hope you have learnt how to disable Windows 10 update please like share and subscribe.
8pBNXTS1czU-00015-00010900-00011106 Thank  You Very Much
8Uqsk8oBbPQ-00000-00000000-00000848 In College I had to get very used to using the online library so we had to be able to  search data bases and be able to work
8Uqsk8oBbPQ-00001-00000848-00001513 the library online and find Journal Articles  and look through different links to find what
8Uqsk8oBbPQ-00002-00001513-00001791 you're looking for, for answering an essay question
8Uqsk8oBbPQ-00003-00001791-00002289 for any research. Also, using emails I got much more comfortable using emails
8Uqsk8oBbPQ-00004-00002289-00002645 emailing lecturers and just receiving emails about college
8Uqsk8oBbPQ-00005-00002645-00002961 Even checking my email every day
8Uqsk8oBbPQ-00006-00002961-00003076 I think those were the two main ones (main key skills need for college)
8WVcXXRYXUU-00000-00002131-00002656 How do you view ICT? Is it a source of competitive advantages for businesses or is it merely
8WVcXXRYXUU-00001-00002656-00003215 an enabler of it? That’s a great question. I think that the
8WVcXXRYXUU-00002-00003215-00003751 problem is that in the past, everyone looked at all of IT together, but in fact in every
8WVcXXRYXUU-00003-00003751-00004366 business, some parts of IT are commodities, just an enabler, and some can be true sources
8WVcXXRYXUU-00004-00004366-00004982 of competitive advantage. For example, a lot of companies are using collaborative techniques
8WVcXXRYXUU-00005-00004982-00005576 to gain some advantages in their management style and management culture.
8WVcXXRYXUU-00006-00005576-00006069 How do you look at organizational investment on ICT? How should it be?
8WVcXXRYXUU-00007-00006069-00006756 I think the main point is that, like any other investment, IT intensive projects and programs
8WVcXXRYXUU-00008-00006756-00007565 should be viewed and managed in terms of business value – from cradle to grave, all the way
8WVcXXRYXUU-00009-00007565-00008256 from planning through implementation and benefits realization, using the same model of value
8WVcXXRYXUU-00010-00008256-00008837 including financial, strategic and risk mitigation value.
8WVcXXRYXUU-00011-00008837-00009521 In one of the very famous & argumentative articles about the value of IT, “IT Doesn’t
8WVcXXRYXUU-00012-00009521-00010249 Matter”, Nicholas Carr said that IT is mainly an infrastructural technology as opposed to
8WVcXXRYXUU-00013-00010249-00010688 a proprietary technology that can lend itself to some exclusive advantages for businesses.
8WVcXXRYXUU-00014-00010688-00011674 On which side do you think ICT fits – proprietary or infrastructural?
8WVcXXRYXUU-00015-00011674-00012260 In all businesses, some aspects of IT are infrastructural. Very few companies would
8WVcXXRYXUU-00016-00012260-00012963 claim that their email system is really a competitive advantage for them. But in all
8WVcXXRYXUU-00017-00012963-00013575 businesses, some aspects of ICT can be used to drive competitive success. The problem
8WVcXXRYXUU-00018-00013575-00014041 is this depends on a deep understanding of their business model and how they can win
8WVcXXRYXUU-00019-00014041-00014431 as a business [due to the integration of ICT], for instance, if they win through achieving
8WVcXXRYXUU-00020-00014431-00015053 a deeper, more intimate relationship with their customers. Often types of business intelligence
8WVcXXRYXUU-00021-00015053-00015638 can be used to really drive knowledge and understanding of a business.
8WVcXXRYXUU-00022-00015638-00016046 If [a business’] advantage is through a low cost – high availability B2C [Business
8WVcXXRYXUU-00023-00016046-00016550 – to – Consumer] product for example, often there can be an advantage in the supply
8WVcXXRYXUU-00024-00016550-00017306 chain technologies. But that’s not the same for every company. So, IT has a competitive
8WVcXXRYXUU-00025-00017306-00017829 advantage not as much as IT embedded in a business system.
8WVcXXRYXUU-00026-00017829-00018456 Mentioning value chains, what role can ICT play in a business value chain – does it
8WVcXXRYXUU-00027-00018456-00019098 only operate it or offer something more? ICT can make the whole value chain or parts
8WVcXXRYXUU-00028-00019098-00019662 of it – internal or external - more efficient. It can also change the way in which the company
8WVcXXRYXUU-00029-00019662-00020312 interacts with others in the value chain, or the value eco-system. IT can also change
8WVcXXRYXUU-00030-00020312-00021312 how you can partner in the eco-system: what you out-source, what you in-source and how
8WVcXXRYXUU-00031-00021312-00022489 you can connect with your partners. So I think IT works both in and on the value chain.
8WVcXXRYXUU-00032-00022489-00023884 How can an organization evaluate its IT expenditure and do you think IT success is measurable?
8WVcXXRYXUU-00033-00023884-00024679 In terms of success, one should measure the business value generated, whether it is free
8WVcXXRYXUU-00034-00024679-00025171 cash flow, economic value or net present value. So, first of all, I think you should measure
8WVcXXRYXUU-00035-00025171-00025829 IT success like any other investment – in terms of value added. In terms of evaluating
8WVcXXRYXUU-00036-00025829-00026489 how much is spent on IT, I think it is very important not to look at IT as a whole, but
8WVcXXRYXUU-00037-00026489-00027139 to separate IT into: run-the-business IT, grow-the-business IT and transform-the-business
8WVcXXRYXUU-00038-00027139-00027695 IT because they are managed differently. Run-the-business IT should be managed for
8WVcXXRYXUU-00039-00027695-00028437 cost and quality, but grow and transform-the-business IT is a strategic business decision. Looking
8WVcXXRYXUU-00042-00038297-00038981 strategy and then trying to find the IT resources that would fit or achieve this strategy; the
8WVcXXRYXUU-00043-00038981-00039962 process should be reversed – building your strategy around your IT capabilities. Which
8WVcXXRYXUU-00044-00039962-00040709 should come first: the strategy or IT investment? In an ideal world, we would be talking about
8WVcXXRYXUU-00045-00040709-00041429 an outside-in IT strategy that starts with the demand: what business are we in, and where
8WVcXXRYXUU-00046-00041429-00042230 do we play as a business and how will we win and then translate that into what IT resources
8WVcXXRYXUU-00047-00042230-00042959 and other resources do we need to apply to support that position. In reality, sometimes
8WVcXXRYXUU-00048-00042959-00043822 resources – such as money, talent and skills  - are scarce. So I think it’s a combination
8WVcXXRYXUU-00049-00043822-00044949 of this outside-in picture and also recognition of the reality of the legacy systems and processes
8WVcXXRYXUU-00050-00044949-00045459 that we have, as well as the talents available to us. So, it’s mainly an outside in with
8WVcXXRYXUU-00051-00045459-00046156 some practical supply side considerations. Finally, how do you think ICT can be helpful
8WVcXXRYXUU-00052-00046156-00047312 to SMEs as opposed to larger organizations that may have more resources?
8WVcXXRYXUU-00053-00047312-00048103 I think SMEs have limited resources to compete against larger organizations, which means
8WVcXXRYXUU-00054-00048103-00048753 they need to be more strategic not less. Quite often, SMEs are less disciplined about strategy
8WVcXXRYXUU-00055-00048753-00049416 and more tactical running around. Actually the imperative is for SMEs to do less better
8WVcXXRYXUU-00056-00049416-00050628 stuff not more stuff. The second point is agility – the advantage of SMEs is that
8WVcXXRYXUU-00057-00050628-00051544 they can be more agile than larger competitors. That could be financial, operational, technical
8WVcXXRYXUU-00058-00051544-00052345 agility or scalability in infrastructure. SMEs should try to work out what it means
8WVcXXRYXUU-00059-00052345-00053189 to them to be agile – being very flexible where you need to be but where you don’t
8WVcXXRYXUU-00060-00053189-00053742 need to be driving out flexibility, being very standardized, centralized and simple.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00000-00000000-00000440 2.2f Reduce with Variables
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00001-00000440-00001784 When reducing with variables, we need to divide out the variables that are in common.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00002-00001784-00002448 Just like before when we divided out factors or numbers that were in common.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00003-00002448-00003394 With exponents on the variables, it may help to expand them.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00004-00003394-00004357 Expanding them simply means to write them out.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00005-00004357-00004686 Meaning if I have x to the third,
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00006-00004686-00005334 I could write this out as x times x times x.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00007-00005334-00005774 Let's see this in example one.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00008-00005774-00006725 In example one, we have some variables with exponents that we can start by expanding them out.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00009-00006725-00007560 If I write this as four times x, times x, times y, times z,
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00010-00007560-00008020 I can easily see each of the parts.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00011-00008020-00008912 On the bottom, I have ten times x, times y, times y, times y.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00012-00008912-00009738 Now, it is sometimes very helpful to use a color other than the one that you wrote the problem in to reduce.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00013-00009738-00010388 Otherwise, when you cross things out, sometimes you cannot see which ones you crossed out.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00014-00010388-00010997 I like to use a color such as red that stands out clearly.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00015-00010997-00011578 And also I will cross out the x's horizontally
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00016-00011578-00012061 so that I don't accidentally just make it look like a bigger x.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00017-00012061-00012771 I also have a y in common and those are the only variables I have in common.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00018-00012771-00013121 But we also have numbers.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00019-00013121-00013645 Remember, you cannot forget the numbers when reducing with variables.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00020-00013645-00013831 We see we have four and ten.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00021-00013831-00014165 I know both of these are divisible by two.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00022-00014165-00014414 So we will start there.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00023-00014414-00014855 This means four divided by two is two.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00024-00014855-00015542 We also have an x and a z still there.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00025-00015542-00015855 I sometimes line to put a line through my z's
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00026-00015855-00016304 so that I don't confuse them with two's.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00027-00016304-00016839 Ten divided by two is five. And we have two y's.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00028-00016839-00017140 Remember, you must always put it back to the original form,
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00029-00017140-00017627 which was with exponents and make it y squared.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00030-00017627-00017837 There are no more things in common,
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00031-00017837-00018464 therefore our answer is two xz over five y squared.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00032-00018464-00019078 Some people find it easier instead of expanding or writing out all the variables,
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00033-00019078-00019399 to instead look at the original problem.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00034-00019399-00019654 Let's look at the x's.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00035-00019654-00020029 Where we have x squared on the top and x on the bottom.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00036-00020029-00020485 They then ask themselves which side has more?
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00037-00020485-00020702 The top has more.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00038-00020702-00021181 And then you ask yourself, how many more does it have?
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00039-00021181-00021467 It only has one more.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00040-00021467-00022262 Which means the ones on the bottom are completely gone and the one on the top has one.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00041-00022262-00022553 The same can be done with the y's.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00042-00022553-00023374 We see that there are three y's on the bottom and one y on top, which means that the bottom has more.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00043-00023374-00023839 How many more does it have? It has two more.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00044-00023839-00024538 Which means we have y, two on the bottom and no y's on top.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00045-00024538-00024952 Use whichever method is best for you.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00046-00024952-00025364 Let's look at example two.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00047-00025364-00026552 In example two, we can expand it out and we have twenty seven times a, times a, times a, times b, times c,
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00048-00026552-00027468 all over nine times a, times a, times b, times b, times c.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00049-00027468-00027829 We can now start reducing variables.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00050-00027829-00028825 We see that there's an a in common, a second a in common, a b in common and a c in common.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00051-00028826-00029560 We also see that both numbers are divisible by nine.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00052-00029560-00030027 This leaves us with twenty seven divided by nine which is three.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00053-00030028-00030820 We also still have an a left over in the numerator. Nine divided by nine is one.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00054-00030820-00031290 And we also still have a b left over in the denominator.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00055-00031290-00032268 A one is not necessary if there are other pieces in the denominator or next to it.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00056-00032268-00033264 Therefore we do not write the one and we just write this as three a over b.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00057-00033264-00033736 Remember, when reducing with fractions that have variables,
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00058-00033736-00034138 you can expand out those variables by writing them all out.
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00059-00034138-00034651 Or you can use the method shown at the end of example one,
8YYeE9-1Yiy-00060-00034651-00035125 in which you reduce them in the original problem.
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00000-00000003-00000366 welcome back to the swing trader channel everybody today was very interesting to me
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00001-00000366-00000888 it all started right around lunchtime and I picked up JM I a I just so happen to be
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00002-00000888-00001257 looking through some stocks on stocked wits and I saw this and I looked at the charts and
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00003-00001257-00001632 I liked the setup for this one that's why I actually got in this stock by the time
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00004-00001632-00002055 I finished my lunch and got to where I needed to go my destination I was about to tweet yeah
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00005-00002055-00002379 what you're gonna want to do it hold on say let me check out what my stock stone saying
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00006-00002379-00002883 hey look I got this stock what the [ __ ] no what happened it was too late that thing already ran
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00007-00002883-00003318 up like 50 cents so sorry guys I did tweet it but it was a little bit late after that trade
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00008-00003318-00003795 I found another stock that was moving up TR IL the chart set up I mean it's okay on this
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00009-00003795-00004188 one it's nothing really special but the reason why I got into this stock is cuz it has news
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00010-00004188-00004557 and we'll go ahead and look at that news once we get into this video if you guys did see my
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00011-00004557-00004869 post on youtube I'm starting to do the little thing where we can post you know what photos
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00012-00004869-00005241 and comments and all that stuff I was buying crab legs at all day last night I was looking
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00013-00005241-00005679 at cron I'm like this is a pretty good setup I like it might be a short squeeze coming on this
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00014-00005679-00006027 we got three stocks that we're gonna be looking at today with two of them in one I'm not in so
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00015-00006027-00006357 if you guys are new to my channel don't forget to hit that subscribe button hit that subscribe
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00016-00006357-00006840 button and smash that like button guys smash it smash it let's get right into these stocks
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00017-00007417-00008167 we're looking at here is a am ia I don't know why it makes me think of Jamaica whenever I
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00018-00008167-00008599 see this but anyways I saw the stock trending on stock twit so I went ahead and took a look at the
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00019-00008599-00009049 charts and by this time the stock was already up about ten percent on the day but this is a setup
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00020-00009049-00009487 that I like here a lot and I've been trading this set up a couple times already but there's nothing
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00021-00009487-00009958 really fancy about it it's just an upward trend motion here with two little humps they kind of
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00022-00009958-00010381 look like breasts but I saw this setup and that's basically why I got into this stock and basically
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00023-00010381-00010939 from what people were saying about this company is Amazon of Africa okay it's a weird never heard
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00024-00010939-00011302 that before but alright so what I'm looking at now we're already broke this resistance here
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00025-00011302-00011863 that 723 and her next one is gonna be right about at 8 dollars and 28 cents right around there but
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00026-00011863-00012382 then after there if I back up we don't really have any resistance until 11 dollars and 22
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00027-00012382-00012856 cents so this thing has a really good pre market and we can break this resistance right here at
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00028-00012856-00013351 $8.25 which is getting pretty close to it right now we have a really good chance of seeing this
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00029-00013351-00013804 run up to eleven dollars and not to mention that the stock is trending right now so there's a lot
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00030-00013804-00014218 of eyes on it so tomorrow might be pretty good on this I'm just hope it's not gonna be short at the
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00031-00014218-00014662 hell but as of right now I'm up pretty good on my position so if it does start to drop down really
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00032-00014662-00015055 hard I can get out and still make a profit on it and that's the key so where I don't have to hold
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00033-00015055-00015469 through pain and being down and under and all that stuff so that's that's good all right now
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00034-00015469-00015997 we're looking at TR il and this stock I tweeted it at a pretty good time I really didn't buy it
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00035-00015997-00016390 at a good price I bought her right around I think it was two dollars and 80 cents right
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00036-00016390-00016864 around there and then right after I bought it it just started having a huge pullback and I was read
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00037-00016864-00017299 like immediately but if you guys saw my tweet you would have a good chance to buy it at pretty good
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00038-00017299-00017713 price but even though all is red I wasn't worried because I knew this stock had really good news so
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00039-00017713-00018160 it's probably gonna be a runner tomorrow so this is a really big news but it's good news the stock
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00040-00018160-00018565 basically gain compliance for the Nasdaq it's just good because you don't have to worry about going
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00041-00018565-00019009 through an RS and all that other stupid stuff but this isn't really the reason why the stock ran up
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00042-00019009-00019474 today the reason why the stock ran up today was because it has a patent that it just got approved
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00043-00019474-00019972 today now I really don't know much about this pan but from what it says it treats disease disorders
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00044-00019972-00020509 conditions treatable by activation I don't know what any of this stuff means I'm not a doctor but
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00045-00020509-00020962 what I know is that people are gonna want this you formula or whatever a patent they have and
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00046-00020962-00021391 it's good news for the stock and that's why I got into this swing trade today was basically
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00047-00021391-00021853 because of this and being compliant to the Nasdaq that's just icing on the cake with this so if
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00048-00021853-00022297 we're looking at the bigger picture on TR aisle the stock really does have a lot of room to run
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00049-00022297-00022774 still sure it's gonna have like many resistance levels here in there but the really hard resistant
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00050-00022774-00023128 level that it's gonna be going into is gonna be right around four dollars and twenty four
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00051-00023128-00023524 cents that's gonna be the hardest one to break through and if we look at it right now yeah you
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00052-00023524-00023962 sure you have some resistance right around two dollars and ninety five cents which it bounced
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00053-00023962-00024352 off of today or actually that wasn't today those yesterday some things I don't like are
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00054-00024352-00024883 the RSI is very overextended so we might see some consolidation with it I'm really not planning on
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00055-00024883-00025390 holding this that long it might actually get rid of it tomorrow it all depends on what happens all
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00056-00025390-00025891 right cron pulled up here CR o n for those of you that don't know about it which I'm sure everybody
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00057-00025891-00026383 knows about it it's a marijuana company and it is started going up so what I was looking for was its
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00058-00026383-00026860 to pull down here right down to the support level just about at seven dollars and ninety cents but
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00059-00026860-00027388 this thing could actually come back down to this trendline here right around six or seven dollars
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00060-00027388-00027858 but what I'm liking about this cron trade is it could have a short squeeze pretty quickly as of
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00061-00027858-00028360 right now I think is shorted about 32% so if this thing keeps running up it could have a really good
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00062-00028360-00028762 squeeze on it so what my game plan might be if it hits down to this seven dollars and ninety
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00063-00028762-00029155 cents I might scoop up a little bit and just see if it holds it or if it breaks through it then
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00064-00029155-00029536 I'm gonna hope go ahead and wait and probably buy some write down around this trendline area
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00065-00029536-00029958 probably right around seven dollars and I think that would give me a pretty good position in
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00066-00029958-00030367 this stock so those are my three trades that I got going on just let me know down below in the
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00067-00030367-00030688 comment section if any of you guys have any trades going on cuz I'd like to know what's
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00068-00030688-00031045 going on with you guys trades as well so this is for the 80% of you guys that watch my videos
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00069-00031045-00031438 but you're not subscribed to my channel go ahead and try me out because I got some trades up the
8ZHr8aarsmQ-00070-00031438-00031888 wazoo you know and don't forget to hit that smash like button down below and uh it's mixed money
8ZKxPjPflRg-00000-00001222-00001817 all right this week we're in Lake of the Ozarks down in Four Seasons this is Rick
8ZKxPjPflRg-00001-00001817-00002390 with custom concrete design this is what we've got here is this breezeway right
8ZKxPjPflRg-00002-00002390-00002924 off the driveway and garage area we're gonna work on this and repair that crack
8ZKxPjPflRg-00003-00002924-00003544 I'm getting ready to start the grinding so I'm all set up with that ready to go
8ZKxPjPflRg-00004-00003544-00004679 we're gonna hit this little patio out here we're gonna come in here with a
8ZKxPjPflRg-00005-00004679-00005432 couple of base coats Tuscan slate texture and a antique stain I'm gonna do
8ZKxPjPflRg-00006-00005432-00006197 it at a taupe color try to match or get as close as we can to the side
8ZKxPjPflRg-00007-00006197-00007114 all right this job is complete take you guys for the breezeway real quick
8ZKxPjPflRg-00008-00007533-00008460 add that cracking concrete in this breezeway right about here
8ZKxPjPflRg-00009-00012950-00014223 there let's build it you guys watching this video on my youtube channel please
8ZKxPjPflRg-00010-00014223-00014597 subscribe to my channel like the video if you liked it and leave me a comment
8ZKxPjPflRg-00011-00014597-00015040 and let me know what you think you got any questions go ahead and leave me a
8ZKxPjPflRg-00012-00015040-00015766 comment there and I will reply now again make sure you get subscribed so you guys
8ZKxPjPflRg-00013-00015766-00016445 don't miss any of these videos we'll see you guys on the next project
8ZKxPjPflRg-00014-00016978-00017184 you
8ecAMcNcFpI-00000-00000289-00000549 Breast Cancer can feel like a battle inside your body.
8ecAMcNcFpI-00001-00000652-00000848 You'll never defeat me!
8ecAMcNcFpI-00002-00000872-00001302 [evil laugh]
8ecAMcNcFpI-00003-00001356-00001406 [slap]
8ecAMcNcFpI-00004-00001548-00001604 Owww...
8ecAMcNcFpI-00005-00001700-00002036 But you have the power to stand up against it.
8ecAMcNcFpI-00006-00002254-00002304 What?
8ecAMcNcFpI-00007-00002372-00002450 Impossible!
8ecAMcNcFpI-00008-00002510-00002644 How can this be?!
8ecAMcNcFpI-00009-00002894-00003252 Early detection is a first step in bracing yourself for battle.
8ecAMcNcFpI-00010-00003708-00004272 Exercise and a proper diet are two major weapons you need to defend your body.
8ecAMcNcFpI-00011-00004853-00004979 [punching]
8ecAMcNcFpI-00012-00005118-00005462 Also gain allies by spreading awareness on social media.
8ecAMcNcFpI-00013-00005942-00005992 No!
8ecAMcNcFpI-00014-00006034-00006084 No!
8ecAMcNcFpI-00015-00006120-00006414 [explodes] Noooooooooooo!
8ecAMcNcFpI-00016-00006778-00007264 Following these habits will bring humanity one step closer to finally win the
8ecAMcNcFpI-00017-00007265-00007444 war against breast cancer!
8jbhRx8WgHk-00000-00000010-00000330 THEY WILL FACE OFF WITH NEW
8jbhRx8WgHk-00001-00000330-00000336 THEY WILL FACE OFF WITH NEW  
8jbhRx8WgHk-00002-00000336-00000383 THEY WILL FACE OFF WITH NEW FORM.
8jbhRx8WgHk-00003-00000383-00000390 THEY WILL FACE OFF WITH NEW FORM.  
8jbhRx8WgHk-00004-00000390-00000600 THEY WILL FACE OFF WITH NEW FORM. THE OTHER AREA TEAM HEADING TO
8jbhRx8WgHk-00005-00000600-00000607 FORM. THE OTHER AREA TEAM HEADING TO  
8jbhRx8WgHk-00006-00000607-00000794 FORM. THE OTHER AREA TEAM HEADING TO STATE IN BOYS HOCKEY, BRAINERD
8jbhRx8WgHk-00007-00000794-00000800 THE OTHER AREA TEAM HEADING TO STATE IN BOYS HOCKEY, BRAINERD  
8jbhRx8WgHk-00008-00000800-00000874 THE OTHER AREA TEAM HEADING TO STATE IN BOYS HOCKEY, BRAINERD LITTLE FALLS.
8jbhRx8WgHk-00009-00000874-00000880 STATE IN BOYS HOCKEY, BRAINERD LITTLE FALLS.  
8jbhRx8WgHk-00010-00000880-00001401 STATE IN BOYS HOCKEY, BRAINERD LITTLE FALLS. THEY GATHERED FOR AUTOGRAPHS.
8jbhRx8WgHk-00011-00001401-00001408 LITTLE FALLS. THEY GATHERED FOR AUTOGRAPHS.  
8jbhRx8WgHk-00012-00001408-00001711 LITTLE FALLS. THEY GATHERED FOR AUTOGRAPHS. THEY GET THEIR SEND-OFF
8jbhRx8WgHk-00013-00001711-00001718 THEY GATHERED FOR AUTOGRAPHS. THEY GET THEIR SEND-OFF  
8jbhRx8WgHk-00014-00001718-00001861 THEY GATHERED FOR AUTOGRAPHS. THEY GET THEIR SEND-OFF SURROUNDED BY A TON OF FANS.
8jbhRx8WgHk-00015-00001861-00001868 THEY GET THEIR SEND-OFF SURROUNDED BY A TON OF FANS.  
8jbhRx8WgHk-00016-00001868-00001918 THEY GET THEIR SEND-OFF SURROUNDED BY A TON OF FANS. WE'LL HEAR FROM THEM TOMORROW
8lOdyhGCeL0-00000-00000049-00000307 (upbeat music)
8lOdyhGCeL0-00001-00000881-00001381 Hello I'm Jiéyì, I am an artist, and I also teach art.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00002-00001406-00001823 I like to make art a lot of different ways,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00003-00001823-00002120 sometimes I dance, sometimes I work with technology,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00004-00002120-00002449 and one material I really love working with is paper.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00005-00002449-00002718 So today we're gonna be exploring some paper magic.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00006-00002718-00002900 Maybe you've seen one of these before,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00007-00002900-00003089 sometimes people call them cootie catchers,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00008-00003089-00003303 or fortune tellers, but I think that today,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00009-00003303-00003602 we're gonna call it a story maker, because it's a way
8lOdyhGCeL0-00010-00003602-00003885 of making a choose your own adventure story.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00011-00003885-00004129 There are done a couple of different ways.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00012-00004222-00004484 With lots of different kinds of stories in them.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00013-00004484-00004940 But, we can think about a way to make it
8lOdyhGCeL0-00014-00004940-00005341 that has different parts of a story.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00015-00005341-00005575 So the parts that I'm thinking of, are like,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00016-00005575-00005906 one really big part of a story is character.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00017-00005906-00006164 Another big part of a story is the setting,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00018-00006164-00006366 or where the story takes place.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00019-00006366-00006583 And another big part of the story, is like,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00020-00006583-00006767 what actually happens, what the plot is.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00021-00006767-00007081 So maybe we can have a part of it that shows,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00022-00007081-00007286 who's the main character in the story,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00023-00007286-00007569 where does the story take place, and what happens.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00024-00007690-00008190 When we are making our fortune teller, or our story maker,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00025-00008257-00008524 we need a square piece of paper.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00026-00008524-00008709 But it's okay if you don't start with a square piece
8lOdyhGCeL0-00027-00008709-00008973 of paper, you can start with a rectangle.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00028-00008973-00009473 It's okay if you use, a blank piece of paper like this,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00029-00009680-00010093 or notebook paper, or even cut off a piece of a paper bag.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00030-00010093-00010193 I'm gonna use some paper
8lOdyhGCeL0-00031-00010193-00010471 that is a little bit bigger than regular notebook paper,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00032-00010471-00010726 that way it's a little bit easier to see on camera.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00033-00010931-00011208 So I have a piece of paper that's like this, and so,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00034-00011208-00011518 to make our square, what I'm gonna do is,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00035-00011518-00012018 fold this so that this side, touches this side.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00036-00012515-00012997 So we have, this going to our adjacent side.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00037-00012997-00013194 And when I'm making a fold like this,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00038-00013194-00013635 I like the fold to be, pretty crisp usually.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00039-00013635-00013971 And so, I'm gonna use the back side
8lOdyhGCeL0-00040-00013971-00014412 of this colored pencil to make my fold a little bit crisper.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00041-00014412-00014663 If we cut right along here,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00042-00014663-00014809 then we'll have a perfect square.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00043-00014809-00015193 So I'm gonna go ahead and fold this part up too,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00044-00015193-00015648 just so we know with our fold, exactly where we want to cut.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00045-00016392-00016706 And it looks like this.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00046-00016706-00017016 So, if you have scissors,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00047-00017132-00017538 you can go ahead and cut right along here.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00048-00017538-00017780 If you don't have scissors, that's also okay.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00049-00017780-00018121 What you can do is, this crease, you can take it,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00050-00018121-00018433 and you can fold it, back and forth a couple of times,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00051-00018433-00018868 so the paper has a memory of where it needs to be cut.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00052-00018868-00019132 So I'm gonna fold it again, the other way.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00053-00019401-00019504 And back once more.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00054-00020056-00020431 And then you can carefully, start right here,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00055-00020636-00020944 and tear right along the crease that you made.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00056-00021077-00021254 And now you have two pieces of paper,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00057-00021254-00021394 and one of them is a square.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00058-00021536-00021990 To make our fortune teller, what I do is,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00059-00021990-00022427 I start by folding the paper in half.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00060-00023279-00023605 And, in half again, the other way.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00061-00024280-00024658 Then, I take each corner and fold it to the center.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00062-00024784-00024993 Just going right to the center like this.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00063-00025158-00025403 Again trying to get those creases nice and tight.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00064-00026760-00026951 It's okay if your creases aren't perfect,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00065-00026951-00027080 but you wanna make sure
8lOdyhGCeL0-00066-00027080-00027325 that your pieces of paper don't overlap.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00067-00027325-00027579 'Cause it's gonna be a lot harder to lift up your flaps,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00068-00027579-00027729 if the paper overlaps.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00069-00029156-00029261 Now that you've done this side,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00070-00029261-00029437 flip it over to the other side,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00071-00029437-00029639 and we do the same thing again,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00072-00029639-00029872 where we're folding right to the center.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00073-00033017-00033131 And this is what I have.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00074-00033131-00033387 To make it in, from this flat shape
8lOdyhGCeL0-00075-00033387-00033536 into the fortune teller shape,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00076-00033536-00034036 I usually just fold it back and forth a couple of times.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00077-00034055-00034388 And then what I wanna do is sort of push in, like this.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00078-00034847-00035094 And then, you'll pull out the flaps.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00079-00035775-00036062 And then you have your fortune teller.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00080-00036161-00036656 You can lift up the flaps to see what's on the inside.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00081-00036995-00037282 On this one, I started to draw out
8lOdyhGCeL0-00082-00037282-00037433 what the different parts are.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00083-00037433-00037933 So what we can see here is that in our fortune teller,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00084-00038292-00038792 we have a part that I am calling the outside.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00085-00039029-00039529 The outside part, is the part that we can see, so we have,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00086-00039603-00039946 one, two, three, four sections on the outside.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00087-00039946-00040124 Then we have a part that I call the middle.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00088-00040124-00040335 So this is the part where you're going like this.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00089-00040335-00040618 And sometimes in the middle, sometimes people will choose
8lOdyhGCeL0-00090-00040618-00041077 to do a small triangle, or to do the big triangle.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00091-00041077-00041423 So on here, I labeled it, 1a, and 1b.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00092-00041519-00041802 And then on the other side it's 2a, and 2b.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00093-00041802-00042084 And I labeled it this way, where it goes, one, three,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00094-00042084-00042490 two four, because I wanna know, that one is across from two,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00095-00042490-00042644 and three is across from four.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00096-00042644-00042856 So if it's this way, I can see three and four,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00097-00042856-00043107 if it's this way, I can see one and two.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00098-00043214-00043373 And then there's the last part,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00099-00043373-00043561 and that's the part that I call inside.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00100-00043561-00044061 So inside, is where you have your last scene.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00101-00044100-00044434 So I have inside one, inside two,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00102-00044677-00045155 inside three, and inside four.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00103-00045155-00045508 So if I unfold this all the way,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00104-00046026-00046454 we'll see that on the edges we have our one,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00105-00046454-00046710 two, three, and four.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00106-00046710-00047094 Our inside scenes are one, two, three and four.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00107-00047094-00047254 And then we have our middle,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00108-00047254-00047497 and our middle is kinda split in a funky way.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00109-00047497-00047689 Where this is 2a, and this is 2b,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00110-00047689-00047970 and these parts get squished together,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00111-00047970-00048256 when you fold it like this.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00112-00048781-00048911 Now we can think about
8lOdyhGCeL0-00113-00048911-00049063 where we wanna put the different parts,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00114-00049063-00049238 and what we wanna put inside of it.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00115-00049365-00049687 So I have, this extra scrap of paper
8lOdyhGCeL0-00116-00049687-00050066 from when I made my paper into a square.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00117-00050322-00050425 And so on this paper,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00118-00050425-00050690 I'm gonna start brainstorming some different ideas.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00119-00051119-00051496 So I think that on the outside,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00120-00051496-00051774 what I have right around here,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00121-00051774-00052141 in this one I want it to be character.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00122-00052141-00052439 So that's, who's the main character in the story?
8lOdyhGCeL0-00123-00052439-00052688 So I'm gonna write, outside.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00124-00052944-00053444 And then, we can think of a bunch of different ideas
8lOdyhGCeL0-00125-00053542-00053769 for who this main character might be.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00126-00053769-00054091 I love working with animals, both real and imagined.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00127-00054091-00054566 So I'm gonna write, bird, alligator, fish,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00128-00054904-00055404 monster, ghost, starfish,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00129-00055747-00056247 dog, cat, human.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00130-00056258-00056444 So those are some options, right?
8lOdyhGCeL0-00131-00056444-00056651 Maybe one more, maybe two.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00132-00056860-00057230 And then on the middle part, the part that we have
8lOdyhGCeL0-00133-00057230-00057571 on the inside, we can think about the setting
8lOdyhGCeL0-00134-00057571-00057832 or where this might take place.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00135-00058303-00058803 So maybe we are on a boat in the ocean.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00136-00058951-00059451 Or maybe we are in the mountains, or in a tree house,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00137-00059752-00060009 or maybe we are in a regular house.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00138-00060103-00060478 Or maybe we're in a forest,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00139-00060478-00060972 or a volcano, or underwater,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00140-00061084-00061344 or in outer space.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00141-00061541-00061677 Maybe on a space station.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00142-00062113-00062376 And then the next part you want to think about is
8lOdyhGCeL0-00143-00062376-00062554 what's the action that takes place,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00144-00062554-00062811 what's the plot, what happens in the story?
8lOdyhGCeL0-00145-00062811-00063311 So, this is outside, middle, inside.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00146-00063744-00064151 So inside, maybe we can have something like,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00147-00064247-00064529 climbing into the sky.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00148-00064822-00065007 Growing wings,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00149-00065299-00065559 getting launched into outer space.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00150-00066262-00066378 Playing soccer,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00151-00066748-00066897 getting caught in a storm,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00152-00067503-00067624 becoming a ghost.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00153-00068020-00068326 So I have a bunch of different ideas, which is great.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00154-00068326-00068546 'Cause now I can use some of those ideas
8lOdyhGCeL0-00155-00068546-00068882 when I'm working on my story maker.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00156-00069046-00069300 So I'm gonna put my ideas over here,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00157-00069300-00069512 so that I can refer back to them.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00158-00069512-00069725 I have one that I already started,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00159-00069725-00069907 and I have two characters on it,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00160-00069907-00070105 but I haven't done any of the other parts.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00161-00070105-00070344 So I'm gonna start here, with character.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00162-00070344-00070625 And when you are making your story maker,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00163-00070625-00070847 you can use anything to color with if you want.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00164-00070847-00071131 You can use, just a pencil, you can use markers,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00165-00071131-00071309 you can use colored pencils.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00166-00071309-00071501 And one of my favorite things
8lOdyhGCeL0-00167-00071501-00071823 to work with, are water colors.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00168-00073305-00073546 So, I already have a monster,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00169-00073546-00073978 and a merperson, and I think next,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00170-00073978-00074441 I wanna do another alligator kind of creature.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00171-00074441-00074907 So I know that when this is folded this way,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00172-00075061-00075383 that this is the direction that these go.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00173-00075383-00075756 And so because I know this, I know that I need
8lOdyhGCeL0-00174-00075756-00076175 to make my character standing up this way.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00175-00076175-00076401 If I do it this way, it's gonna be upside down.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00176-00076669-00076967 It can be helpful to write a note on a piece of paper,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00177-00076967-00077207 so you know which direction things go.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00178-00077207-00077398 That's part of the reason why I made this one.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00179-00077398-00077614 That way, when I look at it, I know,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00180-00077614-00077715 which direction this is.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00181-00077715-00077857 So I wrote "outside 1",
8lOdyhGCeL0-00182-00077857-00078028 and I know it's not gonna be this way, right,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00183-00078028-00078158 'cause that's upside down!
8lOdyhGCeL0-00184-00078401-00078656 So, for my next one, I'm gonna go ahead
8lOdyhGCeL0-00185-00078656-00079153 and start on my character,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00186-00079374-00079540 and I am doing my...
8lOdyhGCeL0-00187-00080195-00080357 alligator creature.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00188-00080912-00081170 (upbeat music)
8lOdyhGCeL0-00189-00082427-00082626 And my last character
8lOdyhGCeL0-00190-00082771-00083106 is gonna be a... bird.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00191-00083409-00083667 (upbeat music)
8lOdyhGCeL0-00192-00084728-00084948 So now I have all of my characters,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00193-00084948-00085140 and I can start on the next part.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00194-00085140-00085640 So I could do my setting, or I could do,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00195-00085653-00085839 my plot or my action.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00196-00086132-00086498 I need this to dry out just a little bit,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00197-00086498-00086849 so I'm gonna work on my inside part first.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00198-00087379-00087748 And if I look at this handy guide, then I'll know
8lOdyhGCeL0-00199-00087748-00088101 that my inside parts need to be facing this way.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00200-00088501-00088831 So for my inside part, let's see,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00201-00088831-00088990 what are some different parts that could happen,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00202-00088990-00089199 some different actions?
8lOdyhGCeL0-00203-00089199-00089434 I think that I want one
8lOdyhGCeL0-00204-00089434-00089889 of them where the character is getting launched
8lOdyhGCeL0-00205-00089889-00090057 into outer space.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00206-00090510-00090933 So I'm going to make my rocket ship.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00207-00091077-00091335 (upbeat music)
8lOdyhGCeL0-00208-00092073-00092434 and another thing that I think I want to happen,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00209-00092434-00092801 is that there are clouds, and there is, like, a ladder
8lOdyhGCeL0-00210-00092801-00092982 that falls down from the clouds.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00211-00093390-00093648 (upbeat music)
8lOdyhGCeL0-00212-00094531-00095031 And in the next scene, I'm thinking that there's going
8lOdyhGCeL0-00213-00095158-00095658 to be a big fire that happens.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00214-00096593-00096851 (upbeat music)
8lOdyhGCeL0-00215-00097460-00097615 But I want something about the fire going out too,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00216-00097615-00097830 so I'm gonna draw these sort of like,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00217-00097830-00098330 waves of, like, water or something on the side.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00218-00098382-00098483 Or maybe it's wind,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00219-00098483-00098709 so maybe the fire's actually just getting bigger.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00220-00099027-00099453 And then in my last panel, I think I want to do one
8lOdyhGCeL0-00221-00099946-00100152 about playing soccer.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00222-00100152-00100649 So I'm going to draw a ball...
8lOdyhGCeL0-00223-00100836-00101094 (upbeat music)
8lOdyhGCeL0-00224-00101315-00101520 accidentally going over a fence.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00225-00101774-00102032 (upbeat music)
8lOdyhGCeL0-00226-00102126-00102613 There, so now, I have my inside, and I have my outside.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00227-00102709-00102972 And I think I need to wait a minute for this to dry.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00228-00102972-00103472 I think that this is, almost dry enough, we'll go for it.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00229-00104188-00104463 We might get a little, a few splotches but that's okay.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00230-00104616-00105073 So on the inside of this one, I think that,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00231-00105073-00105320 this is where we're gonna put our setting.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00232-00105320-00105788 So, with this one, I'm gonna have one
8lOdyhGCeL0-00233-00105788-00106157 where it takes place in the forest.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00234-00106586-00106845 (upbeat music)
8lOdyhGCeL0-00235-00107253-00107753 Another one that takes place in the ocean,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00236-00108192-00108347 but on top of the water.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00237-00108493-00108764 (upbeat music)
8lOdyhGCeL0-00238-00108764-00108933 Maybe there's a boat in the ocean.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00239-00109056-00109314 (upbeat music)
8lOdyhGCeL0-00240-00110303-00110578 Probably not a very good place to live, hunh?
8lOdyhGCeL0-00241-00110578-00111078 And then the next one, we're gonna have it be,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00242-00111263-00111531 at the bottom of the ocean.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00243-00111661-00111920 (upbeat music)
8lOdyhGCeL0-00244-00112547-00112881 so these are my four scenes.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00245-00112881-00113257 So on here we have our four characters, we have our monster,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00246-00113257-00113526 and our merperson, and our alligator, and our bird.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00247-00113683-00113958 So who do you want to choose to be your main character?
8lOdyhGCeL0-00248-00114142-00114417 You can choose that, and now, tell me when to stop.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00249-00114595-00115062 All right, we're gonna be in the forest, and then,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00250-00115202-00115529 in the forest, what's happening is
8lOdyhGCeL0-00251-00115529-00115838 that there is a soccer ball that goes over the fence.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00252-00115838-00116017 I wonder what that story is about?
8lOdyhGCeL0-00253-00116017-00116354 Thank you so much for playing with me today.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00254-00116354-00116716 There are so many different options for making your own,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00255-00116716-00116943 choose-your-own-adventure story-maker.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00256-00116943-00117184 I would love to see what you come up with.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00257-00117184-00117524 My name is Jieyi, and I am an artist,
8lOdyhGCeL0-00258-00117524-00117683 and I love working with paper.
8lOdyhGCeL0-00259-00117683-00117950 (upbeat music)
92GvtmwN_JU-00000-00002214-00002532 My name is Marie Zukalová and I represent the company Solidify3D,
92GvtmwN_JU-00001-00002548-00002914 which deals with the sale of materials for 3D printing.
92GvtmwN_JU-00002-00002926-00003415 We are developing a new device that will be complementary for 3D printing.
92GvtmwN_JU-00003-00003442-00003724 Students with access to the latest technologies
92GvtmwN_JU-00004-00003736-00004174 have the opportunity, knowledge and experience to help us most.
92GvtmwN_JU-00005-00004174-00004750 My name is Jan Kalaš and I represent the IBM Client Innovation Centre Brno.
92GvtmwN_JU-00006-00004768-00005454 strojLab uses our company primarily as a meeting place with talented students
92GvtmwN_JU-00007-00005464-00006222 A good example of practice can be a project that we have launched in cooperation with BUT in Brno.
92GvtmwN_JU-00008-00006222-00006568 It is a sensoricaly operated parking lot.
92GvtmwN_JU-00009-00006580-00006954 Students have the opportunity to show what they really are.
92GvtmwN_JU-00010-00006954-00007481 My name is Filip Uhlíř and I deal with the development of SW for 3D printing.
92GvtmwN_JU-00011-00007481-00007922 Triderman is primarily concerned with the cost calculating for 3D printing, and the
92GvtmwN_JU-00012-00007926-00008320 strojLAB uses this service for its own operations.
92GvtmwN_JU-00013-00008336-00008754 One of the main problems of 3D printing is post-processing of model.
92GvtmwN_JU-00014-00008768-00009434 We would like to work with the strojLAB to work together to create such finishers.
92GvtmwN_JU-00015-00009458-00009842 FabLab is a place where students can apply their talents.
92GvtmwN_JU-00016-00009842-00010188 A place where creative people meet who might not otherwise have met.
92GvtmwN_JU-00017-00010216-00010560 And together, create something in FabLab that would not otherwise be created.
937v-s1fHK8-00000-00000200-00001040 HI, EVERYONE.
937v-s1fHK8-00001-00001040-00001370 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US TODAY  ON THE WEBINAR FOR FINDING  TEACHING MATERIALS FOR FALL 2020  AND BEYOND, EVALUATE RESILIENT  DIGITAL TEACHING
937v-s1fHK8-00002-00001370-00002190 MATERIALS FOR  OPEN AND COMMERCIAL SOURCES FOR  K-12 TEACHING.
937v-s1fHK8-00003-00002190-00002730 MY NAME IS MEREDITH JACOB AND  I'M THE PUBLIC LEAD FOR CREATIVE  COMMENTS UNITED STATES AND  PROJECT DIRECTOR AT THE PROGRAM  ON INFORMATION
937v-s1fHK8-00004-00002730-00003800 JUSTICE AND  INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AT  AMERICAN UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON  COLLEGE OF LAW.
937v-s1fHK8-00005-00003800-00003970 I WORK ON PUBLIC INTEREST  INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY THERE  SPECIFICALLY TALKING TO  TEACHERS, LIBRARIANS ABOUT  COPYRIGHT AND FAIR USE
937v-s1fHK8-00006-00003970-00004490 EDUCATION.
937v-s1fHK8-00007-00004490-00006015 I WILL TALK WITH OTHER PANELISTS  THROUGHOUT THE WEBINAR SO YOU  WILL GET TO KNOW THEM AS WE.
937v-s1fHK8-00008-00006015-00006850 IF THE POINT OF THIS WEBINAR IS  TO EVALUATE WHAT TYPE OF DIGITAL  TEACHING AND LEARNING TERMS  MIGHT BE AVAILABLE TO ADAPT TO  THE EMERGENCY
937v-s1fHK8-00009-00006850-00007040 TEACHING RIGHT NOW  AND TO PROVIDE FLEXIBLE  MATERIALS THAT CAN BE PROVIDED  IN PERSON AND ALSO DIGITALLY FOR  DISRUPTED TEACHING
937v-s1fHK8-00010-00007040-00008020 IN FALL 2020  AND BEYOND.
937v-s1fHK8-00011-00008020-00008570 SO WE WILL TALK BUILD ABOUT THE  EDUCATIONAL LANDSCAPE FOR THAT  AND THEN TALK ABOUT THE  COPYRIGHT LIMITATIONS ON  TRADITIONAL MATERIALS
937v-s1fHK8-00012-00008570-00009410 AND THE  FLEXIBILITY ALLOWED BY OPEN  EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00013-00009410-00010380 WE WILL THEN GO THROUGH AND TALK  ABOUT HOW TO BUILD A TEAM TO  EVALUATE AND IMPLEMENT OPEN  EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES, HOW TO  WORK WITH TEACHERS
937v-s1fHK8-00014-00010380-00011075 TO DO CURE  RATION AND BUILD COLLABORATIVE  IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS, AND  THEN, IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE  WEBINAR, WE WILL TALK ABOUT HOW
937v-s1fHK8-00015-00011075-00011830 TO FIND OPEN EDUCATIONAL  RESOURCES AND SOME LARGE  PUBLISHERS AND RESOURCE CREATORS  THAT YOU CAN TURN TO.
937v-s1fHK8-00016-00011830-00012625 SO THANK YOU FOR JOINING US AND  FIRST UP WE WILL HEAR FROM  KRISTINA ISHMAEL.
937v-s1fHK8-00017-00012625-00013469 KRISTINA IS THE SENIOR PROJECT  MANAGER OF THE TEACHING,  LEARNING AND TECH TEAM AT THE  POLICY PROGRAM AT NEW AMERICA.
937v-s1fHK8-00018-00013469-00013965 BEFORE THAT, KRISTINA WAS THE  K-12 FELLOW AT THE OFFICE OF ED  TECH AND BEFORE THAT AT THE  NEBRASKA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION  WHERE SHE
937v-s1fHK8-00019-00013965-00014060 LED PROFESSIONAL  LEARNING AND ADVOCATED FOR  SCHOOL LIBRARIANS.
937v-s1fHK8-00020-00014060-00014260 KRISTINA, THANK YOU FOR JOINING  US.
937v-s1fHK8-00021-00014260-00014694 >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.
937v-s1fHK8-00022-00014694-00014925 GRATEFUL TO BE HERE AGAIN IN  THIS SERIES, AND HERE WE ARE.
937v-s1fHK8-00023-00014925-00015194 IF YOU ARE JOINING US, THANK  YOU.
937v-s1fHK8-00024-00015194-00016140 WE APPRECIATE YOU TAKING THE  TIME TO DO THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00025-00016140-00016500 I KNOW THAT IT IS HARD TO DO  THAT SOMETIMES IN THE MIDST OF A  PANDEMIC AS WELL AS TRYING TO  BALANCE SCHEDULES AND WITH  CHILDREN AT HOME
937v-s1fHK8-00026-00016500-00016745 AND TRYING TO  TEACH AND ALL OF THE EXTRA  THINGS.
937v-s1fHK8-00027-00016745-00017720 SO LET'S LOOK AT WHERE WE ARE.
937v-s1fHK8-00028-00017720-00018480 ACCORDING TO EDUCATION WEEK,  WHICH HAS BEEN DOCUMENTING ALL  OF SCHOOL CLOSURES AND WHETHER  THEY ARE RECOMMENDED OR ACTUALLY  ORDERED BY
937v-s1fHK8-00029-00018480-00018890 STATE GOVERNMENTS OR  WHATEVER THAT MAY LOOK LIKE, WE  CURRENTLY KNOW THAT 41 STATES  TWO U.S. TERRITORIES AND THE  DIRECT OF COLUMBIA,
937v-s1fHK8-00030-00018890-00020525 WHICH IS  WHERE I CURRENTLY RESEED, ARE  ALL CLOSED.
937v-s1fHK8-00031-00020525-00020680 THAT IS IMPACTING 124,000 PUBLIC  AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS ACROSS THE  COUNTRY, AS WELL AS 55.1 MILLION  STUDENTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00032-00020680-00021145 THOSE NUMBERS OF SIGNIFICANT.
937v-s1fHK8-00033-00021145-00022190 NOT EVERY CHILD IS BEING REACHED  RIGHT NOW.
937v-s1fHK8-00034-00022190-00022785 9 VULNERABLE STUDENTS, CHILDRENS  ARE OF FRONT LINE WORKERS WHO  ARE OUT AND MAY NOT BE CONNECTED  TO A LOT OF OUR SCHOOLS RIGHT  NOW, SO
937v-s1fHK8-00035-00022785-00023065 WE'RE JUST TRYING TO DO  WHAT WE CAN DO AND I REALLY WANT  TO RECOGNIZE THE FACT THAT WE  ARE DOING THE BEST THAT WE CAN  DO RIGHT NOW,
937v-s1fHK8-00036-00023065-00023305 SO THANK YOU,  AGAIN, FOR ALL THE WORK THAT YOU  ARE DOING.
937v-s1fHK8-00037-00023305-00023885 WHAT DOES THIS LOOK LIKE MOVING  FORWARD?
937v-s1fHK8-00038-00023885-00024675 WE DON'T REALLY KNOW,  UNFORTUNATELY, BECAUSE NONE OF  US HAVE EVER BEEN IN SOMETHING  LIKE THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00039-00024675-00025639 BUT I THINK IT IS IMPORTANT TO  KIND OF ADDRESS WHERE WE'RE  TALKING ABOUT THIS RIGHT NOW AS  FAR AS EDUCATION POLICY IS  CONCERNED IN
937v-s1fHK8-00040-00025639-00026760 THE GREATER CONTEXT  OF THE COUNTRY, SO IF WE LOOK AT  THE NEXT SLIDE, LOOKING FORWARD,  AS OF YESTERDAY AFTERNOON,  EDUCATION SECRETARY
937v-s1fHK8-00041-00026760-00026864 DEVOS  ANNOUNCED THE CARES ACT FOR THE  K-12 EMERGENCY RELIEF FUNDING  WHERE 13.5 BILLION IS  SPECIFICALLY DESIGNATED FOR K-12  EMERGENCY
937v-s1fHK8-00042-00026864-00027550 RELEFT FUNDING.
937v-s1fHK8-00043-00027550-00028200 THERE IS ONE PART IN PARTICULAR  THAT IS REALLY IMPORTANT BE FOR  US TO NOTE IN THE CONTEXT OF  THIS CONVERSATION IS THAT THEY  WILL CALL
937v-s1fHK8-00044-00028200-00028935 ON STATES TO DEVELOP  PLANS THAT LOAN TAKE ABOUT THREE-DAYS, THEY SAID THREE-DAY  REVIEW, FINGERS CROSSED ON THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00045-00028935-00029760 I USED TO WORK THERE, FINGERS  CROSSED ON THAT, CALLING ON  STATES TO DESCRIBE HOW STATES  WILL SUPPORT SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN  ALL OF THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00046-00029760-00030650 THEY WANT TO EMPHASIZE REMOTE  LEARNING AND THEY ALSO TALKED  ABOUT DEVELOPING NEW  INFORMATIONAL AND ACTIVE DECK  IMRESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00047-00030650-00030689 IF -- ACADEMIC RESOURCES SO WE  HOPE WE WOULD BE ABLE TO SHARE  THAT CONTENT ACROSS STATES AND  DISTRICTS, BUT THAT IS UP TO  EACH STATE,
937v-s1fHK8-00048-00030689-00031535 OF COURSE.
937v-s1fHK8-00049-00031535-00032060 SO IT IS REALLY A TIME FOR US TO  -- THIS IS ACTUALLY IN THE NEXT  STEPS AT THE VERY END BUT IT IS  TIME FOR US TO GET INVOLVED WITH  THIS
937v-s1fHK8-00050-00032060-00032564 AS FAR AS WHAT WE CAN DO AT  THE DISTRICT LEVEL AND IN OUR  STATE'S PLANS, OF COURSE.
937v-s1fHK8-00051-00032564-00033340 I LIKE TO ACTUALLY THINK ABOUT  RETHINKING WHAT PUBLIC EDUCATION  LOOKS LIKE RIGHT NOW.
937v-s1fHK8-00052-00033340-00033985 I KNOW THAT I'VE ALSO SEEN A LOT  OF TWEETS SAYING WE'RE IN THE  THROWS OF A PANDEMIC, WE'RE  TRYING TO DO REMOTE LEARNING,  WE'RE TRYING
937v-s1fHK8-00053-00033985-00034605 TO JUST MANAGE WHAT  WE'RE DOING NOW SO PLEASE DON'T  TELL US WE CAN RETHINK PUBLIC  EDUCATION.
937v-s1fHK8-00054-00034605-00035270 WHEEL I HEAR THAT, IT IS  IMPORTANT TO KNOW THE PEOPLE ARE  STARTING TO MAKE DECISIONS AND  IT IS REALLY, REALLY IMPORTANT  THAT EDUCATORS
937v-s1fHK8-00055-00035270-00036115 VOICES ARE  INCLUDING IN THOSE DECISIONS,  WHICH IS WHY I DO THINK IT IS  TIME FOR US TO REALLY RETHINK  PUBLIC EDUCATION.
937v-s1fHK8-00056-00036115-00036440 EDUCATOR VOICES ARE NOT INCLUDED  IN THAT, THEN THEY WILL SIMPLY  BE THE POLICY MAKERS THAT MAKE  THE DECISIONS THAT IMPACT US IN  THE
937v-s1fHK8-00057-00036440-00037470 CLASSROOM, SO IT IS  IMPORTANT BE FOR US TO THINK  ABOUT THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00058-00037470-00037595 AT NEW AMERICA AND OTHER THINK  TANKS AND FOLKS LOOKING AT  POLICY, WE'RE LOOKING AT A  VARIOUS OF SCENARIOS AND WHAT  COULD BE OUR
937v-s1fHK8-00059-00037595-00038480 REALITY IN THE  FALL.
937v-s1fHK8-00060-00038480-00038905 THERE IS A TWEET THREAD I POSTED  YESTERDAY THAT SOMEONE  AGGREGATED ALL THE HIGHER ED  INSTITUTIONS AND HOW THEY'RE  GOING TO HANDLE
937v-s1fHK8-00061-00038905-00039160 SUMMER AND FALL  LEARNING AND I IMAGINE WE WILL  SEE THIS FOR K-12, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00062-00039160-00039485 HERE ARE SOME OF THE SCENARIOS  WE'VE PUT OUT THERE.
937v-s1fHK8-00063-00039485-00039740 TRADITIONAL FACE-TO-FACE  LEARNING.
937v-s1fHK8-00064-00039740-00040250 WHETHER OR NOT THIS CAN HAPPEN,  WE'RE NOT SURE.
937v-s1fHK8-00065-00040250-00040905 THAT MEANS WE GO BACK TO OUR  BRICK-AND-MORTAR SCHOOLS AND  TAKE EXTRA PRECAUTIONS.
937v-s1fHK8-00066-00040905-00041600 SIX-FOOT DISTANCE INFORMATION A  CLASSROOM, THAT'S REALLY  DIFFICULT, SO THAT MAY BE  POSSIBLE BUT WE'RE NOT REALLY  SURE.
937v-s1fHK8-00067-00041600-00042450 THEN WE HAVE THIS IDEA OF  TRADITIONAL FACE-TO-FACE  LEARNING THAT WOULD BE STAGGERED  OR WITH TRACT SCHEDULES SO KIDS  WOULD COME IN
937v-s1fHK8-00068-00042450-00042615 ON ONE WEEK, ONE  GROUP OF STUDENTS AND ANOTHER  GROUP MIGHT COME IN THE NEXT  WEEK AND STAGGERING THE ACTUAL  TOTAL NUMBER OF STUDENTS
937v-s1fHK8-00069-00042615-00043325 IN A  BUILDING.
937v-s1fHK8-00070-00043325-00043400 HAWAII ACTUALLY DID THIS A  NUMBER OF YEARS AGO BECAUSE THEY  HAD TOO MANY STUDENTS FOR THE  BUILDINGS THAT THEY HAD AND THEY  HAD DIFFERENT
937v-s1fHK8-00071-00043400-00044155 TRACKS.
937v-s1fHK8-00072-00044155-00044415 SOME KIDS WOULD COME FROM 8:00  TO NOON AND THAT WAS THEIR  ENTIRE SCHOOL SCHEDULE, SOME  WOULD COME FROM 1:00 TO 5:00.
937v-s1fHK8-00073-00044415-00045520 THE RESULTS WERE REALLY MIXED.
937v-s1fHK8-00074-00045520-00046310 MY SCHOOL IN NEBRASKA HAD A  COMBINATION OF A YEAR AROUND  CALENDAR AND TRADITIONAL  CALENDAR IN THE SAME BUILDING  AND I WAS AN ENGLISH
937v-s1fHK8-00075-00046310-00047225 LANGUAGE  LEARNER TEACHER AND THAT WAS  KEEL OF A NIGHTMARE, 85  STUDENTS, SO I WOULD START WORK  IN JULY WHEN THE YEAR AROUND  KIDS
937v-s1fHK8-00076-00047225-00047530 WOULD COME BACK AND TRY TO  SUPPORT THEM AS THEY WOULD  ACCLIMATE BACK TO SCHOOL AND  KIDS WOULD COME IN MID AUGUST ON  TRADITIONAL CALENDAR.
937v-s1fHK8-00077-00047530-00048665 THAT IS A MIX OF REACTIONS HOW  THAT CAN WORK OUT.
937v-s1fHK8-00078-00048665-00048745 THEN, OF COURSE, WE HAVE  TRADITIONAL FACE-TO-FACE  LEARNING WITH MORE GOVERNMENTS  CONSIDERING REOPENING, THEY  COULD GO BACK TO SCHOOL,
937v-s1fHK8-00079-00048745-00049525 FACE-TO-FACE.
937v-s1fHK8-00080-00049525-00050075 IF THEY SAW A SPIKE IN THINGS,  THEY WOULD QUICKLY SHUTTER AGAIN  AND WE WOULD HAVE TO QUICKLY  PIVOT BACK TO REMOTE LEARNING SO  THAT FLEXIBILITY
937v-s1fHK8-00081-00050075-00050455 OF FACE-TO-FACE  CRASSES AND GOING QUICKLY ONLINE  IF WE HAD TO SHUT DOWN SCHOOLS  AGAIN.
937v-s1fHK8-00082-00050455-00051279 TWO OTHER OPTIONS, BLENDED  LEARNING AND ONLINE LEARNING.
937v-s1fHK8-00083-00051279-00052170 BLENDED LEARNING BEING SOMETHING  WE'VE BEEN TALKING ABOUT A  NUMBER OF YEARS IN HIGHER  EDUCATION AS WELL AS K-12 BUT IT  IS THAT HYBRID
937v-s1fHK8-00084-00052170-00053065 MOD WE WILL  FACE-TO-FACE -- MOD WE WILL  FACE-TO-FACE AS WELL AS ONLINE  LEARNING, HOW TO IMPLEMENT AND  WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE PRACTICE.
937v-s1fHK8-00085-00053065-00053715 A SCHOOL DISTRICT, A FRIEND OF  MINE, THEY DO IN THE SUBURBS OF  DENVER WHERE THEY ACTUALLY HAVE  A PHYSICAL BUILDING, ALL THE  STUDENTS
937v-s1fHK8-00086-00053715-00053995 ARE ONLINE BUT THEY  COME TO THE BUILDING TWICE A  WEEK AND THAT IS ONLINE.
937v-s1fHK8-00087-00053995-00054460 THAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT THAT  COULD LOOK LIKE.
937v-s1fHK8-00088-00054460-00055440 THEN THERE IS DOING WHAT WE'RE  DOING NOW, WITH A LITTLE BIT  MORE THOUGHT.
937v-s1fHK8-00089-00055440-00056235 APPLYING THE ONLINE PRINCIPLES  WE KNOW FROM HIGHER EDITION WE  COULD CERTAINLY IMPLEMENT IN A  K-12 SETTING AND REALLY THINKING  ABOUT ROBUST,
937v-s1fHK8-00090-00056235-00056340 INTERACTIVE  LEARNING EXPERIENCES INSTEAD OF  JUST TRYING TO DIGITIZE  FACE-TO-FACE AND TRY TO CRAM  THINGS IN AT THE VERY END, WHICH  IS
937v-s1fHK8-00091-00056340-00057840 KIND OF WHERE WE ARE RIGHT  NOW.
937v-s1fHK8-00092-00057840-00058044 SO THOSE ARE NOT BY ANY MMEANS  DEFINITIVE BUT THIS IS WHERE WE  ARE IN THE POLICY WORLD AND
937v-s1fHK8-00093-00058044-00058620 WHERE WE THINK WE MIGHT GO.
937v-s1fHK8-00094-00058620-00058725 I WILL KICK IT BACK OVER AND  JUMP INTO THE ACTUALLY TOPIC  HERE.
937v-s1fHK8-00095-00058725-00059720 >> THANKS, KRISTINA.
937v-s1fHK8-00096-00059720-00060904 SO, AS KRISTINA MENTIONED, WE'RE  REALLY TRYING TO THINK THROUGH  WHAT IS OUT THERE, IF YOU HAVE  TO TRANSITION OUT OF A  TRADITIONAL
937v-s1fHK8-00097-00060904-00061735 CLASSROOM  ENVIRONMENT, AND AS A BASELINE,  WE HAVE THE COMMERCIAL SERVICES  THAT PROVIDE THE IN-CLASS  MATERIALS YOU'RE USING NOW.
937v-s1fHK8-00098-00061735-00062570 ON THE NEXT SLIDE, WHAT YOU WILL  SEAL IS A FRAMEWORK OF HOW TO  THINK THROUGH THE COPYRIGHT  QUESTIONS AROUND TAKING  MATERIALS
937v-s1fHK8-00099-00062570-00063545 THAT ARE IN PERSON AND  THINKING HOW THEY MIGHT WORK IN  THE DIGITAL SPACE.
937v-s1fHK8-00100-00063545-00063775 AS DEFAULT, MOST EDUCATIONAL  RESOURCES YOU ENCOUNTER IN THE  CLASSROOM BUT ALSO MOST WRITTEN  WORK, MOST PHOTOGRAPHS YOU SEE  IN THE WORLD,
937v-s1fHK8-00101-00063775-00064050 ARE AUTOMATICALLY  PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT.
937v-s1fHK8-00102-00064050-00064735 SO YOU DON'T NEED TO DO KNOWING  GET A COPYRIGHT.
937v-s1fHK8-00103-00064735-00065750 ANYTHING THAT YOU WRITE DOWN,  PICTURES YOU TAKE,  ILLUSTRATIONS, ALL OF THOSE  THINGS ARE PROTECTED BY  COPYRIGHT BY DEFAULT
937v-s1fHK8-00104-00065750-00065795 AND THEY'RE  PROTECTED FOR A LONG TIME SO  MOST THINGS CREATED SINCE ABOUT  1924, PICTURES, BOOKS, ARTICLES,  THEY WILL BE PROTECTED BY
937v-s1fHK8-00105-00065795-00066620 COPYRIGHT.
937v-s1fHK8-00106-00066620-00067510 UNLESS THERE IS EITHER AN  EXCEPTION UNDER THE LAW, SO  THINGS MIGHT BE IN THE PUBLIC  DOMAIN BECAUSE THEY WERE CREATED  BY A GOVERNMENT
937v-s1fHK8-00107-00067510-00067635 EMPLOYEE, OR  THERE MIGHT BE PERMISSION IN THE  LAW, SPECIFIC PROVISION OF THE  LAW THAT GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO  USE IT, LIKE FAIR USE OR
937v-s1fHK8-00108-00067635-00068585 ANOTHER  EXCEPTION TO COPYRIGHT.
937v-s1fHK8-00109-00068585-00068855 WE DID A DEEP DIVE ON THAT  TWO-WEEKS AGO, AND IF YOU GO TO  THE PAGE THAT'S IN THE Q&A, AND  ALSO THAT YOU GOT WHEN YOU  REGISTERED
937v-s1fHK8-00110-00068855-00069795 THAT AMERICAN  UNIVERSITY PAGE, YOU CAN WATCH  THAT WEBINAR.
937v-s1fHK8-00111-00069795-00070310 , BUT JUST AS AN OVERVIEW, THE  DEFAULT ASSUMPTION IS EVERYTHING  IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND  AUTOMATICALLY, UNLESS THERE IS  SOME EXCEPTION
937v-s1fHK8-00112-00070310-00071255 OR USER'S RIGHT  TO USE IT OR IT HAS FALLEN INTO  THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
937v-s1fHK8-00113-00071255-00071955 SO IF YOU DON'T THINK IT IS IN  THE PUBLIC DOMAIN, IT IS A  RECENT MATERIAL, PUT OUT BY  SOMEONE OTHER THAN THE FEDERAL  GOVERNMENT AND YOU
937v-s1fHK8-00114-00071955-00072845 DON'T THINK  YOU HAVE A FAIR USE REASON BE  FOR USING IT IT OR ANOTHER  EXCEPTION IN THE LAW, THEN YOU  NEED A LICENSE OR OTHER  PERMISSION,
937v-s1fHK8-00115-00072845-00073505 AND THAT COULD COME  IN THE FORM OF PERMISSION FROM  THE AUTHOR, AN INSTITUTIONAL  LICENSE THAT YOUR SCHOOL PAID  FOR, A PURCHASE OR, AS
937v-s1fHK8-00116-00073505-00074080 WE'RE  GOING TO TALK ABOUT HERE IT  COULD BE A CREATIVE COMMONS  LICENSE, WHICH IS AN OPEN  COPYRIGHT LICENSE.
937v-s1fHK8-00117-00074080-00074365 SO, ON THE NEXT SLIDE, THIS IS  SORT OF A FLOWCHART THAT TALKS  YOU THROUGH THIS QUESTION.
937v-s1fHK8-00118-00074365-00075530 IS THIS THING PROTECTED BY  COPYRIGHT LAW?
937v-s1fHK8-00119-00075530-00075730 IS IT AN ARTICLE OR A BOOK OR AN  ILLUSTRATION OR A PICTURE OR A  MOVIE, SO TO ANSWER THAT IS YES,  IT IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT  LAW.
937v-s1fHK8-00120-00075730-00076190 IT IS NOT IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
937v-s1fHK8-00121-00076190-00076695 I'M REALLY TALKING ABOUT THE  WRITTEN THING OR THE PICTURE,  NOT JUST ITS IDEA.
937v-s1fHK8-00122-00076695-00077530 THE QUESTION IS I DO HAVE A FAIR  USE OR COPYRIGHT LIMITATION THAT  WOULD LET ME USE THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00123-00077530-00078370 THAT IS A QUESTION THAT TAKES  MORE TIME THAN WE COULD COVER IN  THIS WEBINAR SO I PREFER DO YOU  THE ONE WE DID TWO-WEEKS AGO.
937v-s1fHK8-00124-00078370-00079340 IF YOU DON'T THINK YOU HAVE A  RIGHT TO USE IT UNDER COPYRIGHT  LAW, THEN YOU NEED SOME TYPE OF  PERMISSION AND THAT COULD BE A  CREATIVE
937v-s1fHK8-00125-00079340-00079780 COMMONS LICENSE,   INSTITUTIONAL LICENSE OR SOME  SORT OF FREE USE OR  INDIVIDUALIZED PERMISSION.
937v-s1fHK8-00126-00079780-00080065 IN THE NEXT SLIDE, I'LL TALK  ABOUT THE CREATIVE COMMON  LICENSES.
937v-s1fHK8-00127-00080065-00081135 THESE ARE STANDARD OPEN  COPYRIGHT LICENSES.
937v-s1fHK8-00128-00081135-00082315 INSTEAD OF BEING A ONE TO ONE  LICENSE WHERE THE AUTHOR OR  COPYRIGHT OWNER OR PUBLISHER  WRITE AS LICENSE TO ALLOW YOU TO  DO THAT, OR A
937v-s1fHK8-00129-00082315-00083150 PURCHASED LICENSE  LIKE YOU SUBSCRIBED OR YOU HAVE  AN INSTITUTIONAL  SUBSCRIPTION,  INSTEAD, THE AUTHOR SAID I WANT
937v-s1fHK8-00130-00083150-00084270 TO SHARE THIS RESOURCE WITH  EVERYBODY IN THE WORLD USE FOR  FREE, AS LONG AS THEY FOLLOW THE  BASIC TERMS OF A LICENSE.
937v-s1fHK8-00131-00084270-00084745 AND THE LICENSE TERMS USUALLY  INCLUDE THE REQUIREMENT THAT YOU   ATTRIBUTE BACK AND THE  REQUIREMENT THAT YOU, REALLY  JUST
937v-s1fHK8-00132-00084745-00085625 THE REQUIREMENT YOU  ATTRIBUTE BACK.
937v-s1fHK8-00133-00085625-00086440 THAT'S THE BASIC AND THESE OPEN  EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ARE THINGS  THAT ARE MADE FREE BY DESIGN,  AND THAT YOU ARE GIVEN THE  COPYRIGHT
937v-s1fHK8-00134-00086440-00087300 PERMISSIONS TO USE  THEM SO YOU CAN FULLY USE THEM,  REDISTRIBUTE THEM, AND WILL  CROSS IS GOING TO TELL YOU A  LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00135-00087300-00087420 WILL IS OUR PARTNER IN THIS  PROJECT, AND HE'S THE DIRECTOR  OF THE COPYRIGHT AND DIGITAL  SCHOLARSHIP CENTER AT THE NC  STATE UNIVERSITY
937v-s1fHK8-00136-00087420-00087520 LIBRARIES.
937v-s1fHK8-00137-00087520-00087765 WILL, THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.
937v-s1fHK8-00138-00087765-00088380 >> THANK YOU, MEREDITH.
937v-s1fHK8-00139-00088380-00089360 SO YOU SAID SOME BUT I'LL SAY IT  AGAIN BECAUSE WE WANT TO HAVE A  SHARED VOCABULARY HERE.
937v-s1fHK8-00140-00089360-00089890 WHEN WE TALK ABOUT AN OPEN  EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE, IT MIGHT  BE OBVIOUS TO ALL THE EDUCATORS  IN THE ROOM, BUT THE OPEN MEET  DOES A SORT
937v-s1fHK8-00141-00089890-00090685 OF SPECIFIC MEANING  TO IT, AND IT IS OFTEN EMBODIED  IN THAT CREATIVE LICENSE.
937v-s1fHK8-00142-00090685-00090855 THE IDEA THAT AND AN OER IS FREE  TO USE AND HAS A SET OF  PERMISSIONS ATTACHED TO IT THAT  YOU CAN DO OTHER THINGS, WHICH  WE WILL TALK
937v-s1fHK8-00143-00090855-00091465 MORE IN A MOMENT  ABOUT.
937v-s1fHK8-00144-00091465-00092115 AS LIBRARIAN, LICENSES RESOURCES  ARE GREAT, USE THEM, THEY'RE  GREAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00145-00092115-00092860 BUT STUFF I FIND ONLINE IS FREE,  THAT'S COOL BUT IT IS NOT  NECESSARILY AN OPEN EDUCATIONAL  RESOURCE.
937v-s1fHK8-00146-00092860-00092925 THEY HAVE THEIR PLACE IN THE  PEDAGOGY, AS WELL, AND WE'RE  FOCUSING ON STUFF THAT IS FREE  TO USE AND YOU CAN DO A SET OF  SPECIAL THINGS
937v-s1fHK8-00147-00092925-00093410 WITH.
937v-s1fHK8-00148-00093410-00094165 THE NEXT SLIDE STARTS TO SPELL  OUT WHAT SOME OF THOSE SPECIAL  HINGES ARE.
937v-s1fHK8-00149-00094165-00094580 THE WAY WE TALK -- SPECIAL  THINGS ARE.
937v-s1fHK8-00150-00094580-00095390 THE WAY WE TALK ABOUT THIS, THE  FIVE WORDS THAT START WITH R.
937v-s1fHK8-00151-00095390-00096645 RETAIN THE WORK, REVISE THE  WORK, ALL DOWN THAT BULLETED  LIST I WON'T READ OUT TO YOU  LABORIOUSLY.
937v-s1fHK8-00152-00096645-00097430 BUT THE IDEA IS YOU HAVE  PERMISSION TO DO THOSE THINGS  AND THERE ARE SETS OF  PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE TO ENABLE  YOU TO DO THOSE THINGS.
937v-s1fHK8-00153-00097430-00097825 THE COURSE LINKS ARE IN REALLY  WEIRD PLEASES NOW SO IF YOU  LICENSE SOMETHING FROM JANUARY  UNTIL JUNE, AND SUDDENLY YOU'RE  TRYING TO TEACH
937v-s1fHK8-00154-00097825-00098655 INTO JULY, A  LICENSED RESOURCE STARTS TO  BECOME A PROBLEM.
937v-s1fHK8-00155-00098655-00098940 IF A STUDENT WANTS TO RETAIN  SOMETHING FOR LIFE LONG LEARNING  AND I'M GOING TO LEARN NOW AND  NEXT YEAR REFER TO IT AGAIN AND  10-YEARS
937v-s1fHK8-00156-00098940-00099070 FROM NOW, I WILL GO  BACK TO IT, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00157-00099070-00099255 RECEPTION IS IMPORTANT.
937v-s1fHK8-00158-00099255-00099635 REVISION IS EQUALLY IMPORTANT.
937v-s1fHK8-00159-00099635-00099920 AN OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE CAN  BE REVISED SO YOU CAN UPDATE IT.
937v-s1fHK8-00160-00099920-00100195 I LIKE THIS TEXTBOOK BUT THIS  PART IS A LITTLE OUT OF DATE.
937v-s1fHK8-00161-00100195-00100500 I CAN REVISE IT AND MAKE IT  DIFFERENT IN THAT WAY.
937v-s1fHK8-00162-00100500-00101305 JUST AS MUCH IT CAN BE  LOCALIZED, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00163-00101305-00102155 SO IF YOU OPEN UP A TEXTBOOK AND  SEE SEA OF SMILING ALL WHITE  FACES LOOKING BACK AT YOU AND  ALL OF YOUR STUDENTS AREN'T  NECESSARILY
937v-s1fHK8-00164-00102155-00102235 WHITE PEOPLE, YOU  CAN SAY I CAN REPLACE SOME OF  THE IMAGES IN A WAY THAT  REFLECTS THE STUDENTS WHO ARE  TRYING TO LEARN IN MY
937v-s1fHK8-00165-00102235-00102759 CLASSROOM.
937v-s1fHK8-00166-00102759-00103255 YOU CAN MAKE IT BETTER IN THAT  WAY OR IN A TON OF OTHER WAYS,  AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00167-00103255-00104440 REMIX, LIKEWISE, GIVES YOU THE  ABILITY TO COMBINE RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00168-00104440-00105225 I LIKE CHAPTER BROWN HERE AND  CHAPTER FOUR FROM HERE AND I'M  GOING TO PUT THEM TOGETHER IN  DIFFERENT WAYS.
937v-s1fHK8-00169-00105225-00106120 REUSE SO YOU CAN CONNECT YOUR  WORK IN EDUCATION TO A BROADER  COMMUNITY AND SHARE IT OUT, SORT  OF INTO THE WIDER WORLD, AS  WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00170-00106120-00106590 SO THAT SET OF 5-R PERMISSIONS  DEFINES THE VALUE, THE POWER AND  PEDAGOGY ALONG OPEN EDUCATIONAL  RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00171-00106590-00107495 ON THE NEXT SLIDE, WE WILL TALK  A LITTLE ABOUT WHAT THAT LOOKS  LIKE PRACTICE.
937v-s1fHK8-00172-00107495-00107575 WE ALREADY TALKED ABOUT THE IDEA  OF LOCALIZING IN TERMS OF  REPLACING IMAGES WITH DIVERSE  SPACES BUT THERE ARE A TON OF  OTHER EXAMPLES,
937v-s1fHK8-00173-00107575-00108825 AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00174-00108825-00109934 OUR FRIENDS ON eCAMPUS   ONTARIO, THEY WILL CANADAIZE A  TEXTBOOK.
937v-s1fHK8-00175-00109934-00110580 THEY WILL HAVE A TEXTBOOK THAT  TALKS ABOUT HOW THINGS WORK IN  THE U.S. AND THEY LIKE WHAT IS  IN THERE BUT IT NEEDS TO BE  RELEVANT TO
937v-s1fHK8-00176-00110580-00111609 YOUR LEARNING  COMMUNITY, WHATEVER THAT  LEARNING COMMUNITY IS IS A  REALLY IMPORTANT PART OF THAT  PIECE.
937v-s1fHK8-00177-00111609-00112650 ACCESSIBLE, THAT IS CRITICAL  EVERY DAY BUT EVEN MORE IN THIS  MOMENT AS WE'RE MAKING MORE,  BETTER, NEWER ACCOMMODATIONS FOR  OUR STUDENTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00178-00112650-00114115 IF YOU'VE HEARD US TALK IN THE  PAST, YOU'VE HEARD US SAY FAIR  USE GIVES US SPACE IN THE  COPYRIGHT CONTEXT, BUT WHEN  YOU'RE DEALING WITH
937v-s1fHK8-00179-00114115-00114815 LICENSED  MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL  LIMITATIONS THAT COULD AND  BURDEN SOME PROCESS, SO THAT IS  CRITICAL IN THIS MOMENT.
937v-s1fHK8-00180-00114815-00114859 ANOTHER ADVANTAGE TO OPEN AND  OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES IS  THERE IS A STRONG PROTECTION  AROUND PRIVACY FOR STUDENTS AND  INSTITUTIONS
937v-s1fHK8-00181-00114859-00115905 AS WHOLE.
937v-s1fHK8-00182-00115905-00116445 WE'RE IN THIS SORT OF WEIRD  HISTORICAL MOMENT WHERE  SURVEILLANCE CAPITALISM IS A  THING, THE EXCHANGE WE'RE OFTEN  ASKED TO MAKE, WE WILL
937v-s1fHK8-00183-00116445-00116640 SELL OUR  PRIVACY OR THE PRIVACY OF OUR  STUDENTS IN EXCHANGE FOR THIS  FREE SERVICE.
937v-s1fHK8-00184-00116640-00117609 THERE MIGHT BE LEGAL ISSUES WITH  THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00185-00117609-00118050 THERE ARE DEFINITELY ETHICAL AND  PRACTITIONER ISSUES WITH THAT,  TO SAY MY STUDENT IS MORE THAN A  MONETIZED PIECE OF CONTENT, MY  STUDENT
937v-s1fHK8-00186-00118050-00119030 IS A LEARNER, IS  TREMENDOUSLY IMPORTANT TO THIS  SPACE.
937v-s1fHK8-00187-00119030-00119215 AND RELATED TO THE IDEA OF BEING  FORCED INTO A PLATFORM,  EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES KEEP FROM  YOU BEING LOCKED INTO A  PARTICULARLY PUBLISHER
937v-s1fHK8-00188-00119215-00120200 OR  PLATFORM OR PROVIDER.
937v-s1fHK8-00189-00120200-00120475 THERE ARE OTHER SERVICES, I WILL  LET OTHER FOLKS DECIDE IF WE  WILL NAME NAMES RIGHT NOW THERE  ARE OFFERS GOING OUT RIGHT NOW  THAT LOOK
937v-s1fHK8-00190-00120475-00120775 TOO GOOD TO BE TRIAL,  AND THEY ARE.
937v-s1fHK8-00191-00120775-00121365 SIGN UP NOW, IT IS FREE TO JUNE.
937v-s1fHK8-00192-00121365-00121584 AND THEN IN JUNE, YOU'RE LOOKED  INTO A MULTIYEAR CONTRACT AND  CHARGING YOU PER KID.
937v-s1fHK8-00193-00121584-00122350 SO JUST SIGN ON THE DOTTED LINE.
937v-s1fHK8-00194-00122350-00123240 OER DOESN'T HAVE THAT, YOU CAN  TUESDAY NOW AND IN THE FUTURE  AND CREATIVE CONTENT LICENSE  COMES WITH THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00195-00123240-00123655 THE EADE OF OPEN EDUCATIONAL  RESOURCES, BECAUSE THEY ARE  OPEN, THEY'RE EASY TO FIT INTO  YOUR LEARNING SYSTEM.
937v-s1fHK8-00196-00123655-00124005 THERE ARE SPECIFIC CARTRIDGES  MEANT TO FIT INTO THE EXISTING  SYSTEMS.
937v-s1fHK8-00197-00124005-00124675 JUST AS MUCH, AN OER DOESN'T  HAVE TO HAVE A LEARNING SYSTEM.
937v-s1fHK8-00198-00124675-00125475 WHERE YOU ARE NOW, AT MY  PEDAGOGY HAPPENS ON YOUTUBE,  GOOD NEWS IT FITS ON  OPPORTUNITY, A WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00199-00125475-00126195 IF I SET UP A PERSONAL WEBSITE,  IT FITS THERE.
937v-s1fHK8-00200-00126195-00126870 IT IS PLATFORM AGNOSTIC AND THAT  IS IMPORTANT FOR THE LICENSE.
937v-s1fHK8-00201-00126870-00127484 OF TREMENDOUS IMPORTANCE RIGHT  NOW IS AN OPEN EDUCATIONAL  RESOURCE CAN BE DIGITAL BUT IT  DOESN'T HAVE TO BE.
937v-s1fHK8-00202-00127484-00128284 THERE IS NO REQUIREMENT YOU BE  USING A PARTICULAR PLATFORM OR  BE SIGNED ON TO A PARTICULAR  PLATFORM, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00203-00128284-00128959 IF YOU'RE IN A PLACE YOUR  STUDENTS ARE TRYING TO USE THEIR  PHONES, AN OER CAN BE CONVERTED  INTO THAT SPACE.
937v-s1fHK8-00204-00128959-00129509 YOUR STUDENTS DOWNLOAD  EVERYTHING, IT DOESN'T HAVE TO  BE ONLINE, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00205-00129509-00130280 WHATEVER APPROACH MAKES THE MOST  SENSE FOR YOUR STUDENT IS  AVAILABLE AND LAWFUL UNDER THE  LICENSE.
937v-s1fHK8-00206-00130280-00130434 AND FINALLY, SORT OF THE LAST  PIECE I WANT TO TALK ABOUT HERE  IS CHOOSING AN OPEN EDUCATIONAL  RESOURCE IS IMPORTANT FOR ALL  THE REASONS
937v-s1fHK8-00207-00130434-00131295 WE DISCUSSED.
937v-s1fHK8-00208-00131295-00131635 PRACTICAL, TECHNICAL, LEGAL  REASONS BUT THE CHOICE TO USE AN  OPEN RESOURCE AND REENGAGE IN  IT, CUSTOMIZE IT TAYLOR IT AND  MAKE IT MORE
937v-s1fHK8-00209-00131635-00131955 EQUITABLE, CARRY AS  MESSAGE IN AND OF ITSELF.
937v-s1fHK8-00210-00131955-00133475 IT SAYS TO STUDENTS I SEE YOU  AND I VALUE YOU.
937v-s1fHK8-00211-00133475-00134180 I'M TRYING TO BRING MY AUTHENTIC  SELF INTO THIS EXPERIENCE AND  I'M INVITING TO YOU BRING YOUR
937v-s1fHK8-00212-00134180-00135350 AUTHENTIC SEVER INTO THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00213-00135350-00136155 IT IS A SIGNAL THAT YOU ARE  ENGAGED INTO THIS IN A WAY THAT  EXCEEDS AND VALUES THEIR  EXPERTISE AND LIFE EXPERIENCE.
937v-s1fHK8-00214-00136155-00136655 ON THE NEXT SEED, THE PIECE  ABOUT VALUE AND OPENNESS  REFLECTED WHAT WE JUST TALKED  ABOUT IN TERMS OF AUTHENTICITY.
937v-s1fHK8-00215-00136655-00137335 THE BEST PART OF BEING INVOLVED  IN EDUCATION IS NOT THE RESOURCE  BUT THE COMMUNITY.
937v-s1fHK8-00216-00137335-00139125 YOU'RE WORKING WITH FOLKS THAT  OFTEN SHARE YOUR VALUES AND ARE  WORKING TOWARD A COMMON GOAL.
937v-s1fHK8-00217-00139125-00140260 THERE IS NO FIDUCIARY INDICT  SHAREHOLDERS, THERE IS A DESIRED  EXPECT TO MAKE THE RESOURCES  AVAILABLE.
937v-s1fHK8-00218-00140260-00141010 I USE THIS AS A SNAP FOR A  LARGER SENSE OF USING OER IS  ALSO AN INVITATION JOIN A  COMMUNITY.
937v-s1fHK8-00219-00141010-00141335 WHEN I JOINED THIS COMMUNITY, I  FOUND THAT PEOPLE WANT NEED  SUCCEED, PEOPLE WANTED TO SHARE  MATERIALINGS.
937v-s1fHK8-00220-00141335-00142090 I SAW YOU'RE USING THIS, TRY,  THIS AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00221-00142090-00142610 SO OER IS A REALLY GOOD SET OF  TOOLS BUT IT IS ALSO A GREAT  COMMUNITY TO CONNECT WITH.
937v-s1fHK8-00222-00142610-00142765 ON THAT NOTE, I WILL TURN IT  OVER TO TALK ABOUT THE NEXT  PIECE OF OPEN EDUCATION AND  RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00223-00142765-00143920 >> THANK YOU, WILL.
937v-s1fHK8-00224-00143920-00144675 WILL HAS GIVEN US A GREAT  OVERVIEW OF BOTH SOME OF THE  TECHNICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN  OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES AND  TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC
937v-s1fHK8-00225-00144675-00145645 COMMERCIAL  RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00226-00145645-00145940 AND K-12, MAYBE MORE THAN HIGHER  ED, BEING ABLE TO TAILOR YOUR  MATERIALS TO WHERE YOUR STUDENTS  ARE AND BE FLEXIBLE IN THE  PEDAGOGICAL
937v-s1fHK8-00227-00145940-00146315 APPROACH IS REALLY  IMPORTANT.
937v-s1fHK8-00228-00146315-00146375 CAN YOU TELL US A LITTLE BIT  ABOUT HOW IT ENABLES THAT?
937v-s1fHK8-00229-00146375-00146825 >> YEAH.
937v-s1fHK8-00230-00146825-00147765 I'LL START WITH PERSONAL  ANECDOTES FROM WHEN I WAS IN THE  CLASSROOM.
937v-s1fHK8-00231-00147765-00148880 A FORMER EARLY CHILDHOOD AND  ELEMENTARY TEACHERS AND THE  MAJORITY OF MY STUDENTS WERE  ENGLISH LEARNERS IN NEBRASKA.
937v-s1fHK8-00232-00148880-00149830 NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE THINK THERE  ARE A LOT OF NON-ENGLISH  LETTERERS IN NEBRASKA BUT, GUESS  WHAT, WE HAD 114 LANGUAGES.
937v-s1fHK8-00233-00149830-00150105 LIKE MOST TEACHERS I SPENT A LOT  OF TIME LOOKING FOR RESOURCES,  FOR THE ACQUISITION BUT ALSO TO  PROVIDE ADDITIONAL SUPPORT AND  DIFFERENT
937v-s1fHK8-00234-00150105-00150875 WAYS OF PRESENTING  MATERIALS.
937v-s1fHK8-00235-00150875-00151700 LITTLE DID I KNOW, AT THE TIME,  COPYRIGHT MATERIALS WHEN I WOULD  CUSTOMIZE AND LOCALIZE THAT  WASN'T NECESSARILY OKAY.
937v-s1fHK8-00236-00151700-00152025 FOR FAIR USE, APPLYING FAIR USE  TO THAT I MAY LOOK AT THAT A  LITTLE DIFFERENTLY NOW, BUT WHEN  I WOULD FIND THINGS THAT HAD A  PLACE ON
937v-s1fHK8-00237-00152025-00152840 IT, I KNEW THAT I HAD  THE PERMISSION TO DO IT SO I  DID.
937v-s1fHK8-00238-00152840-00153035 A LOT OF TIMES WE WOULD, AS A  CLASS, WE WOULD GO OUT AND TAKE  PHOTOS OF OUR COMMUNITY AND  START TO INCORPORATE THAT INTO  THE MATERIALS
937v-s1fHK8-00239-00153035-00154080 OR I WOULD DO THAT  ON MAY OWN.
937v-s1fHK8-00240-00154080-00154920 BECAUSE IF YOU HAVE EVER WORKED  WITH YOUNG CHILDREN 8, THEY ARE  VERY EGOCENTRIC AND ONLY SEE  THEMSELVES SO WE HAD A LOT OF  STUDENTS
937v-s1fHK8-00241-00154920-00155720 THAT WOULD NEVER LEAVE  THE COMMUNITY, THEY DIDN'T HAVE  CARS OR WHATEVER IT MAY BE, THAT  WAS THEIR WORLD SO WHENEVER WE  COULD SHOW THAT
937v-s1fHK8-00242-00155720-00156200 IN THE MATERIALS  THEMSELVES OR A LITTLE BIT  FURTHER OUTSIDE OF THAT, SHOWING  OMAHA AS LARGER CITY THAT  CERTAINLY HELPED.
937v-s1fHK8-00243-00156200-00157025 SO THAT IS ONE WAY THAT WE WOULD  CUSTOMIZE OR LOCALIZE THE  CONTENT.
937v-s1fHK8-00244-00157025-00157115 YOU KNOW THERE ARE A LOT OF  OTHER EXAMPLES OF HOW THAT MIGHT  WORK IN K-12, WHETHER THAT IS  CHANGING NAMES OF THINGS TO  INCLUDE STUDENT
937v-s1fHK8-00245-00157115-00157865 NAMES.
937v-s1fHK8-00246-00157865-00158010 AGAINST WHAT WILL BROUGHT UP  AROUND THE INCLUSION AND  REPRESENTATION REALLY, REALLY  MATTER, LIKE SO, SO MUCH, TO LET  STUDENTS KNOW THEY
937v-s1fHK8-00247-00158010-00158935 ARE SEEN AND  THEY ARE HEARD.
937v-s1fHK8-00248-00158935-00159080 BECAUSE WE KNOW THAT THE  MAJORITY OF OUR INSTRUCTION  MATERIALS ARE STILL WRITTEN FROM  A VERY SINGULAR PERSPECTIVE AND  OUR STUDENTS
937v-s1fHK8-00249-00159080-00160070 ARE NOT REPRESENTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00250-00160070-00160215 THE MAJORITY OF OUR STUDENTS IN  THE 52-POINT WHATEVER MILLION  STUDENTS, THE MAJORITY IS  STUDENTS OF COLOR AND WE DON'T  SEE THAT IN THE
937v-s1fHK8-00251-00160215-00161160 MATERIALS.
937v-s1fHK8-00252-00161160-00162205 WHENS WE HAVE A LICENSE THAT  LETS US CUSTOMIZE THAT, AND THE  I BELIEVE INSTRUCTIONAL  PRACTICES IN THE CLASSROOM, YOU  CAN INCORPORATE
937v-s1fHK8-00253-00162205-00162605 A VARIETY OF  MATERIALS TO PROVIDE SMALL GROUP  INSTRUCTION AND REMEDIATION OR  ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR STUDENTS  THAT MIGHT NEED THAT EXTRA
937v-s1fHK8-00254-00162605-00162970 TEAM  AND SCAFFOLDING BECAUSE YOU CAN  PULL THOSE RESOURCES PRETTY  EASILY.
937v-s1fHK8-00255-00162970-00163570 AND, THEN, BE ABLE TO CUSTOMIZE  IT FOR THEIR NEEDS.
937v-s1fHK8-00256-00163570-00164055 AND, THEN, WHENEVER WE'RE GOING  TO HEAR FROM SOME FOLKS THAT ARE  ACTUALLY DOING THIS WORK WITHIN  DISTRICTS, BUT I THINK THAT YOU  WILL
937v-s1fHK8-00257-00164055-00164870 HEAR SOMETHING I HEAR  OFTEN, THIS SENSE OF OWNERSHIP  IN ALL OF THIS WORK.
937v-s1fHK8-00258-00164870-00165900 WHICH IS YOU HAVE A TEAM OF  FOLKS THAT ARE LIKE IN THE  THROWS OF SEARCHING FOR THESE  MATERIALS, EVALUATING THESE  MATERIALS,
937v-s1fHK8-00259-00165900-00166770 OWNING THE STANDARDS,  ONLYING JUST KIND OF THAT  OWNERSHIP OF CREATING, NOT JUST  BEING HANDED THE CURRICULUM,  LIKE I MENTIONED, BUT
937v-s1fHK8-00260-00166770-00167565 THAT THEY  HAVE CREATED IT THEMSELVES AND  THERE IS THIS RESPECT THAT HAS  BEEN AFFORDED TO THE FOLKS THAT  DID THAT BY OTHER COLLEAGUES.
937v-s1fHK8-00261-00167565-00167765 THEY'RE SAYING MY FRIEND DOWN  THE HALL HELPED CREATE THIS,  THEREFORE I TRUST THEM, I KNOW  THAT THIS IS GOING TO BE  APPLICABLE AND REALLY
937v-s1fHK8-00262-00167765-00169000 HELPFUL IN  MY CLASSROOM.
937v-s1fHK8-00263-00169000-00169275 SO THERE IS THE SENSE OF  OWNERSHIP THAT I HAVE NOT SEEN  IN OUR PRACTICES AND I'VE SEEN  VETERAN TEACHERS, LEGITIMATELY  VETERAN TEACHERS,
937v-s1fHK8-00264-00169275-00169730 I'M NOT LEAVE  BEING NOW, THIS IS GREAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00265-00169730-00170525 I HAVE A RENEWED SENSE OF  PURPOSE AND LOVE OF TEACHING.
937v-s1fHK8-00266-00170525-00170600 SO I HAVE THESE STORIES IN MY  HEAD, I TRY SHARE THEM AS 67 AS  POSSIBLE, BUT I'M EXCITED TO  HEAR FROM OTHERS FOLKS, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00267-00170600-00170645 >> THANK YOU.
937v-s1fHK8-00268-00170645-00171655 THANK YOU SO MUCH.
937v-s1fHK8-00269-00171655-00172100 NEXT UP, WE HAVE DAN McDOWELL,  THE DIRECTOR OF THE LEARNEN AND  INNOVATION PROGRAM AT THE HIGH  SCHOOL WHERE HE HAS BEEN THE GO  OPEN
937v-s1fHK8-00270-00172100-00172845 LEAD THERE SINCE THE  NATIONAL INITIATIVE LAUNCHED IN  2015.
937v-s1fHK8-00271-00172845-00173205 AND DAN IS GOING TO TALK ABOUT  WHO YOU IF YOU THINK THAT OER  MIGHT BE A SOLUTION FOR YOU,  SOME WAYS YOUR DISTRICT COULD PL  A TEAM TO
937v-s1fHK8-00272-00173205-00173290 EVALUATE, VET AND  IMPLEMENT OER.
937v-s1fHK8-00273-00173290-00173545 DAN, THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.
937v-s1fHK8-00274-00173545-00174415 >> OF COURSE, THANKS FOR HAVING  ME.
937v-s1fHK8-00275-00174415-00175245 , SO YOU KNOW, IN THE HIGH  SCHOOL DISTRICT, WE'RE RIGHT  OUTSIDE SAN DIEGO, WE,  FIVE-YEARS AGO, STARTED  RETHINKING HOW
937v-s1fHK8-00276-00175245-00175870 WE WANTED TO  OBTAIN UP IN CURRICULUM.
937v-s1fHK8-00277-00175870-00176305 WE WERE GOING ONE AND ONE, EVERY  KID HAVING A CHROME BOOK IT  SEEMED SILLY, NOT PRODUCTIVE.
937v-s1fHK8-00278-00176305-00176930 MAYBE SILLY IS THE WRONG WORD  BUT RIGHT NOW I'LL GO WITH  SILLY.
937v-s1fHK8-00279-00176930-00177360 WE WERE TRYING TO MOVE INTO THE  DIGITAL WORLD AND TRYING TO  RETHINK OUR APPROACH TO  INSTRUCTION.
937v-s1fHK8-00280-00177360-00178295 WE'RE HIGH SCHOOL ONLY DISTRICT,  WHICH IS REALLY STRANGE, IF  YOU'RE NOT IN CALIFORNIA.
937v-s1fHK8-00281-00178295-00178575 BUT, IN THAT, WE HAVE A LOT OF  TRADITIONAL TEACHING PRACTICES  THAT GO BACK TO THE BEGINNING OF  THE HIGH SCHOOL MODEL.
937v-s1fHK8-00282-00178575-00179590 WANT TO MOVE ON TO THE NEXT  SLIDE?
937v-s1fHK8-00283-00179590-00180385 SO, AS FAR AS, YOU KNOW, HOW  THIS HAPPENS, YOU KNOW, I, AS A  DISTRICT ADMINISTRATOR AT THE  TIME, AND STILL I WAS THE HEAD  TECH ADMINISTRATOR
937v-s1fHK8-00284-00180385-00181220 WHEN WE  STARTED THIS, YOU KNOW, HAD THIS  IDEA BUT REALLY IT ONLY TOOK OFF  BECAUSE THERE WERE TEACHERS WHO  ALSO BELIEVED IN THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00285-00181220-00182030 IT IS REALLY TEACHER DRIVEN AND  OUR SORT OF, YOU KNOW, TAG LINE  IS TEACHER DRIVEN, DIRECT  SUPPORTED.
937v-s1fHK8-00286-00182030-00182905 SO WHILE I AT THE DIRECT LEVEL  AND OUR PRINCIPALS, YOU YOU  KNOW, OUR SUPERINTENDENTS AND  ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT OVER  THE YEARS
937v-s1fHK8-00287-00182905-00183470 HAVE BEEN ALL IN ON  THIS, SUPPORTING THE WORK, IT IS  REALLY THE TEACHERS WHO DECIDED  TO DO THE WORK AND THEN, YOU  KNOW, HELPED
937v-s1fHK8-00288-00183470-00184940 SHAPE WHAT THE WORK  LOOKED LIKE AND HAVE RUN WITH IT  FOR THE LAST FOUR-YEARS.
937v-s1fHK8-00289-00184940-00186015 AND WE'VE DONE SOME PRETTY DEEP  WORK ON A NUMBER  OF DEEP  SUBJECTS, SO IN CALIFORNIA,  INSTEAD
937v-s1fHK8-00290-00186015-00186915 OF BUYING AN NGSS  TEXTBOOK THAT REALLY JUST HAD A  STICKER ON IT BECAUSE MAYBE  THEY'RE COMING OUT NOW, WE  CREATED OUR OWN SET OF  RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00291-00186915-00187335 AND THESE GROUPS OF TEACHERS IN  THE HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICT, WE HAD  REPRESENTATIVES FROM MOST OF THE  SCHOOLS COME TOGETHER AND CURE  RATE
937v-s1fHK8-00292-00187335-00188225 EXISTING RESOURCES OUT  THERE, SO THEY'RE NOT WRITING A  TEXTBOOK.
937v-s1fHK8-00293-00188225-00189565 THAT WAS THE INITIAL FEAR  EVERYBODY HAD, OUR TEACHERS  CAN'T WRITE TEXT BOOKS.
937v-s1fHK8-00294-00189565-00189855 WE'RE ASKING THEM TO CURATE  MATERIALS, EDIT IT DOWN BECAUSE  IT IS TOO LONG OR MOVE THINGS  AROUND THIS MAKES SENSE OF WHAT  WE'RE TRYING
937v-s1fHK8-00295-00189855-00190070 TO DO IN OUR  SCHOOLS IN OUR DISTRICT.
937v-s1fHK8-00296-00190070-00190920 AND MAKE SURE EVERYTHING IS  VETTED.
937v-s1fHK8-00297-00190920-00191570 THIS WASN'T JUST ANYBODY AT  11:00 AT NIGHT CAN DO A GOOGLE  SEARCH ON ANY TOPIC AND FIND A  MILLION LESSON PLANS, RESOURCES,  BUT WE ALL
937v-s1fHK8-00298-00191570-00192405 KNOW THAT'S NOT   NECESSARILY THE BEST TIME OR  PLACE TO FIND RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00299-00192405-00192465 I CAN REMEMBER WHEN I WAS IN THE  CLASSROOM, SAME THING, I NEED  SOMETHING ON THIS TOPIC, I WILL  DO A SEARCH, INFORMAL VETTING  FROM MY
937v-s1fHK8-00300-00192465-00193730 VIEW.
937v-s1fHK8-00301-00193730-00194970 I KNOW ONCE THE URL STARTS  LOOKING FUNKY, PROBABLY WASN'T  QUITE, YOU KNOW, IT WASN'T QUITE  AS APPROPRIATE AS OTHER THINGS.
937v-s1fHK8-00302-00194970-00195205 WE'VE CREATED RUBRICS BASED OFF  THE ACHIEVED RUBRICS THAT  EVERYTHING THAT MAKES IT INTO  OUR COLLECTIONS IS VETTED BY OUR  TEACHERS BASED
937v-s1fHK8-00303-00195205-00195355 ON THE RUBRIC.
937v-s1fHK8-00304-00195355-00196225 WE HAVE CORE CONTENT.
937v-s1fHK8-00305-00196225-00196995 CALIFORNIA HAS TO HAVE A  TEXTBOOK RELATED TO EVERY CORE  AS YOUR PRIMARY CONTENT AND KIDS  HAVE TO HAVE ACCESS TO THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00306-00196995-00197325 EVEN ON CHROME BOOKS WE HAVE TO  MAKE SURE WE CAN DOWNLOAD THAT  ON TO THEIR CHROME BOOKS TO HAVE  THAT MATERIAL AVAILABLE TO THEM,  WHETHER
937v-s1fHK8-00307-00197325-00198100 THEY ARE IN THE  CLASSROOM OR AT HOME.
937v-s1fHK8-00308-00198100-00198825 THEN WE HAVE THE SUPPLEMENTAL  RESOURCES, EVERYTHING FROM  OPPORTUNITY VIDEOS TO ARTICLES  TO ONLINE SIMULATIONS.
937v-s1fHK8-00309-00198825-00199305 WHEN WE TALK ABOUT LICENSES, THE  CORE CONTENT HOLDS AN OPEN  LICENSE.
937v-s1fHK8-00310-00199305-00199520 SUPPLEMENTAL RESOURCES MAY NOT  HAVE AN OPEN LICENSE BUT THEY  ARE FREE TO ACCESS.
937v-s1fHK8-00311-00199520-00200350 THAT'S WHEN WE LINK TO THINGS.
937v-s1fHK8-00312-00200350-00201785 WE PUT AN OPEN LICENSE ON THE  COLLECTION AS A WHOLE, WHICH  HAS, YOU KNOW, REALLY THESE  VETTED RESOURCES IN IT, ALTHOUGH  NOT EVERY
937v-s1fHK8-00313-00201785-00202510 RESOURCE, LIKE  A  YOUTUBE VIDEO HAS IT ON THERE.
937v-s1fHK8-00314-00202510-00203100 WHAT WE CAN ACCESS TO FREE AND  THINGS OUR INDIVIDUAL TEACHERS  CAN MODIFY AND AS A DIRECT WE  CAN GO AND MODIFY.
937v-s1fHK8-00315-00203100-00203410 I THINK THE NEXT LEVEL THOSE  INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS THAT USE  THOSE ITEMS.
937v-s1fHK8-00316-00203410-00204335 IT IS ONE THING TO HAVE FREE  ACCESS TO A TEXTBOOK.
937v-s1fHK8-00317-00204335-00205000 IT IS ANOTHER THING TO TEACH  BETTER AND TEACH WELL WITH THAT  OPEN LICENSE OR ANY YOUTUBE  VIDEO SO WE'VE SPENT A LOT OF  TIME RETHINKING
937v-s1fHK8-00318-00205000-00205269 OUR  INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES, AS PART  OF THE ONE TO ONE PROGRAM AND  PART OF THE DEEP DIVES OUR OER  TEAMS HAVE BEEN DOING OVER
937v-s1fHK8-00319-00205269-00206560 THE  LAST FEW YEARS.
937v-s1fHK8-00320-00206560-00206944 EVERYTHING FROM LESSON PLANS,  5E, HIBER DOC STYLE, LESSONS OUT  THERE AND ADDRESSING THE NEEDS  OF ALL OUR LEARNINGS.
937v-s1fHK8-00321-00206944-00207794 EL STUDENTS, SPECIAL EDUCATION  LEARNERS.
937v-s1fHK8-00322-00207794-00208615 A LOT OF INFORMATION  SUPERINTENDENT AND WE WANT TO  MAKE SURE WE'RE PROVIDING ACCESS  TO THAT AND DELIVERING IT IN AN  ENGAGING WAY, CREATING
937v-s1fHK8-00323-00208615-00210460 RELEVANT  AND INTERESTING REAL WORLD  AUTHENTIC, ALL THE BUZZ WORDS HE  CAN THREE IN THERE, TASKS, BUT  THEY'RE BUZZ WORDS FOR A REASON.
937v-s1fHK8-00324-00210460-00211294 WE WANT KIDS ENGAGED THIS HELPED  US MODERNIZE OUR PRACTICES AND  AS WE TURNED THE CORNER IN THE  LAST WEEK TO GO FROM, WE
937v-s1fHK8-00325-00211294-00212444 CLOSED  MARCH 13 LIKE A LOT OF SCHOOLS  ACROSS THE COUNTRY, AND WE HAD  TWO-WEEKS OF FIGURE THINGS OUT,  THEY BE WE HAD SPRING BREAK.
937v-s1fHK8-00326-00212444-00213290 LAST WEEK WE DID A LOT OF  PROFESSIONAL LEARNING AND THIS  WEEK, WE STARTED RUNNING WITH  WHAT WE WERE DOING WITH OUR  DISTANCE LEARNING.
937v-s1fHK8-00327-00213290-00214260 I'VE HEARD SO MUCH POSITIVE  FEEDBACK FROM TEACHERS ACROSS MY  DISTRICT IN OER TEAMS AND NOT IN  OER TEAMS WHO, BECAUSE WE'VE  ALREADY BEEN
937v-s1fHK8-00328-00214260-00214490 HAVING THESE  CONVERSATIONS FOR YEARS, THE  SWITCH ISN'T AT RADICAL AND   REVOLUTIONARY AND, YOU KNOW, AS  IT
937v-s1fHK8-00329-00214490-00215385 MIGHT BE IN OTHERS.
937v-s1fHK8-00330-00215385-00215690 OUR OER TEAMS ARE EVEN MORE SET  UP RIGHT NOW BECAUSE THEY HAVE  ALL THEIR CURRICULUM ONLINE  ALREADY.
937v-s1fHK8-00331-00215690-00216240 THEY DIDN'T ALWAYS DELIVER  EVERYTHING THROUGH THE SCREEN.
937v-s1fHK8-00332-00216240-00217860 THEY PRINTED THINGS OUT IT  WASN'T JUST DO IT ON LINE, BUT  NOW IT IS ALL ONLINE.
937v-s1fHK8-00333-00217860-00218119 WE JUST STARTED ENGLISH IN THE  FALL AND I HAVE A GOTTEN SOME    E-MAILS FROM THE OER TEAMS  SAYING
937v-s1fHK8-00334-00218119-00219115 WE WANT TO CONTINUE THIS  WORK.
937v-s1fHK8-00335-00219115-00219680 THE  TEACHER WOULD BE RESET FOR  WHAT THEY NEED.
937v-s1fHK8-00336-00219680-00220675 WE WILL RESTART IN A COUPLE  WEEKS WHEN DISTANCE LEARNING,  WE'RE FEELING COMFORTABLE WITH  HOW THAT'S GOING.
937v-s1fHK8-00337-00220675-00221550 BUT IT IS ALL CREATING THAT  MINDSET OF LOOKING WHAT'S OUT  THERE A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENTLY,  REALLY THINKING ABOUT LICENSING  AND MATERIALS
937v-s1fHK8-00338-00221550-00221675 AND REALIZING THAT  BOOK, MAKING PHOTO COPIES THAT  YOU HAVE THAT NOVEL THAT YOU'RE  STUCK ON, YOU KNOW, WE DON'T  ALWAYS HAVE ACCESS
937v-s1fHK8-00339-00221675-00221955 TO THOSE  RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00340-00221955-00222540 SO THAT'S THE BIG THING.
937v-s1fHK8-00341-00222540-00223035 ON THE NEXT SLIDE, A QUICK  OVERVIEW.
937v-s1fHK8-00342-00223035-00223255 HERE SWIN OF OUR BIOLOGY UNITS.
937v-s1fHK8-00343-00223255-00223800 YOU HAVE THE TEAMS THAT HAVE  COME TOGETHER.
937v-s1fHK8-00344-00223800-00224530 I DON'T ATTEND ALL THE MEETINGS  BUT I TRY TO ATTEND THEM  SEMIREGULARLY.
937v-s1fHK8-00345-00224530-00225519 I SIT IN THE ROOM AND LISTEN TO  TEACHERS WHO ALL TEACH THE SEAM  THING AND GEEK OUT ABOUT WHAT  THEY'RE PASSIONATE ABOUT.
937v-s1fHK8-00346-00225519-00226880 IT IS TWO THINGS, ONE, THE  CONTENT, I HAVE A SOCIAL SCIENCE  BACKGROUND, ONCE THEY TALK ABOUT  SOME OF THE STUFF I DON'T  NECESSARILY KNOW
937v-s1fHK8-00347-00226880-00227780 WHAT THEY'RE  SAYING, MY LAST BIOLOGY CLASS  WAS IN 10th GRADE, A VERY LONG  TIME AGOAL, BUT HAVING THEM GEEK  OUT ON THAT AND HOW CAN
937v-s1fHK8-00348-00227780-00228550 WE PULL  KIDS INTO THIS SO THEY WANT TO  LEARN THIS AND BIG IDEAS OF  THINKING ABOUT PHENOMENA AND  THINKING ABOUT SCIENCE, YOU  KNOW,
937v-s1fHK8-00349-00228550-00229580 HOW THAT, YOU KNOW, HOW  THEY CAN GET, ELICIT THAT FROM  KIDS, SO THAT'S BEEN SUPER  EXCITING TO WATCH.
937v-s1fHK8-00350-00229580-00229905 AGAIN, I'M THE ADMINISTRATOR  OVERSEEING THE WHOLE PROGRAM BUT  IT IS THE TEACHERS WHO ARE  DRIVING THE WORK AND THEIR  PASSION AND THEIR
937v-s1fHK8-00351-00229905-00230790 ENTHUSIASM FOR  THE PROJECT IS GREAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00352-00230790-00231465 AND WE'RE FOUR-YEARS IN, THIS  ISES, YOU KNOW, THIS IS NEVER --  AS FAR AS I'M CONCERNED, IT IS  NEVER GOING TO STOP.
937v-s1fHK8-00353-00231465-00231900 WE'RE ALWAYS GOING TO BE LOOKING  AT NEW RESOURCES, NEW WAYS OF  TEACHING THE CONTEND.
937v-s1fHK8-00354-00231900-00232950 SCIENCE IN PARTICULAR IS GOING  TO CHANGE AND EVOLVE.
937v-s1fHK8-00355-00232950-00233215 WE WANT TO MAKE SURE WE ARE  KEEPING ON TOP OF OUR PRACTICING  AND MAKING SURE WE'RE REACHING  ALL STUDENTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00356-00233215-00233590 THAT'S HOW IT LOOKS IN OUR  DISTRICT.
937v-s1fHK8-00357-00233590-00234750 WE HAVE A GREAT WEBSITE MY TEAM  HAS MAINTAINED.
937v-s1fHK8-00358-00234750-00236080 IF THAT CAN BE THROWN SOMEWHERE,  AS RESOURCE THAT HAS ALL THE  WORK THAT WE'VE DONE, EXEMPT FOR  ENGLISH BECAUSE IT IS STILL IN  ITS INFANCY,
937v-s1fHK8-00359-00236080-00236665 BUT WE WILL CREATE  OUR ENGLISH PRESENCE PROBABLY  THIS SEMESTER SINCE THIS GROUP  HAS EXPRESS THE INTEREST IN  CONTINUING ON.
937v-s1fHK8-00360-00236665-00236869 WE HAVE TWO MEETINGS CANCELED  BUT WE'RE LUCKY TO HAVE GREAT  MINDS WORKING ON THAT PROJECT.
937v-s1fHK8-00361-00236869-00237415 >> THANK YOU, DAN.
937v-s1fHK8-00362-00237415-00237760 I KNOW YOU CAN'T STAY WITH US  UNTIL THE END, SO I WANTED TO  ASK A QUESTIONS THAT CAME UP  ABOUT THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00363-00237760-00238580 YOU TALK ABOUT HOW YOUR TEAMS DO  THE VETTING FOR THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00364-00238580-00239344 I THINK THERE IS AN IMAGE OF  TEACHERS GOOGLING AND JUST  TRYING TO EVALUATE MATERIALS ON  THEIR OWN, BUT IT SOUNDS LIKE,  TO ANSWER
937v-s1fHK8-00365-00239344-00239910 THE QUESTION OF HOW DO  YOU KNOW YOU'RE GETTING  SOMETHING HIGH QUALITY, THAT IS  A PROCESS THAT COMES OUT OF THE  GROUPS.
937v-s1fHK8-00366-00239910-00239969 CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT WHAT  STRUCTURE OR TRAINING OR HOW  THOSE GROUPS TWO VET MATERIALS.
937v-s1fHK8-00367-00239969-00241130 >> YES.
937v-s1fHK8-00368-00241130-00241535 SO, THERE IS A SERIES OF  OER  RUBE RECOGNIZES PUT OUT BY,  ACHIEVE, I BELIEVE IS THE  ORGANIZATION, WE TOOK THOSE AND  THEY'RE
937v-s1fHK8-00369-00241535-00242335 GREAT BUT THEY ARE  CUMBERSOME TO GO THROUGH, LOTS  OF RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00370-00242335-00242669 SO WE TOOK THOSE AND MODIFIED  THEM, AND THEN OUR SCIENCE  STEAMS ACTUALLY CREATED A  SCIENCE VERSION.
937v-s1fHK8-00371-00242669-00243510 WE HAVE A GENERAL VERSION AND  SCIENCE VERSION.
937v-s1fHK8-00372-00243510-00244350 WE WILL PROBABLY END UP WITH AN  HE CANLISH VERSION, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00373-00244350-00245180 DURING THE VET PROCESS, THE  TEAMS COME TOGETHER AND CAN  CALIBRATE, THEY TAKE COUPLE  RESOURCES, YOU KNOW, ONE OF THE  CALIBRATIONS
937v-s1fHK8-00374-00245180-00246205 THAT I GOT TO SIT  IN ON WAS A VIDEO SHOWING  NATURAL DISASTERS.
937v-s1fHK8-00375-00246205-00247885 AND THERE WERE ACTUALLY 10  VIDEOS ABOUT NATURAL DISASTERS  AND EVERY TEACH HER THEIR OWN  VIDEO SO THEY WENT THROUGH AND  WATCHED ALL
937v-s1fHK8-00376-00247885-00249230 10 AND THEN WENT  THROUGH THE VET PROCESS AND WAS  ABLE TO NARROW IT DOWN TO THE  TWO BEST IN THE SPACE CURRICULUM  UNITS.
937v-s1fHK8-00377-00249230-00250565 WHEN THEY LOOKED AT AS FAR AS  ACCESSIBILITY FOR THE DIFFERENT  LEVELS OF KIDS  AND THE DEPTH OF  THE CONTENT AND
937v-s1fHK8-00378-00250565-00250665 THE LENGTH,  EVEN, THEY WERE ABLE TO NARROW  IT DOWN, INSTEAD OF A GIGANTIC  LIST ABOUT VIDEOS ON NATURAL  DISASTERS
937v-s1fHK8-00379-00250665-00251344 ARE THEY HAVE TWO.
937v-s1fHK8-00380-00251344-00251650 , THEY HAVE TWO.
937v-s1fHK8-00381-00251650-00251725 THESE ARE TWO TEACHERS AGREE ON.
937v-s1fHK8-00382-00251725-00252455 >> THANK YOU.
937v-s1fHK8-00383-00252455-00252575 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US,  DANNEL, AND IT IS GREAT TO GET  THE PERSPECTIVE OF WHAT  IS  HAPPENING THERE.
937v-s1fHK8-00384-00252575-00253150 >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.
937v-s1fHK8-00385-00253150-00254125 >> NEXT UP WE HAVE MOLLY YOWELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00386-00254125-00255610 SHE WORKS WITH THE STATE  EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY DIRECTORS  ASSOCIATION, SEDA, THANK YOU FOR  JOINING US.
937v-s1fHK8-00387-00255610-00256535 >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING MISM WAS  ASKED TO SHARE ABOUT THE OUTSIDE  COLLABORATIONS AND THE ROCK  STARS OF CREATION.
937v-s1fHK8-00388-00256535-00257505 THINK BILLION ABOUT 10-PLUS  YEARS AGO, INDIANA CREATED THIS  LEVEL OF GRANTS TO SUPPORT  DISTRICTS LOOKING TO GO
937v-s1fHK8-00389-00257505-00258440 ONE TO  ONE, WE HAD GRANTS FOR THOSE WHO  NEEDED TO JUST EVALUATE WHAT  THEY HAD IN PLACE, THOSE TWO HAD  STARTED TO GO ONE TO ONE AND  WANTED
937v-s1fHK8-00390-00258440-00258830 TO EXPAND AND THOSE WHO  ARE ALREADY ONE TO ONE BUT  REALLY WANTED TO GET TO THAT  INNOVATIVE LEVEL AND START  REPLACING TEXTBOOKS FULLY
937v-s1fHK8-00391-00258830-00259850 AND  MOVING TO DIGITAL RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00392-00259850-00261050 WE THEN HAD A PROGRAM WHERE WE  HAD POCKETS OF DISTRICTS WHO ARE  DOING THESE eLEARNING DAYS TO  REPLACE SNOW DAYS AND THAT KIND  OF GREW.
937v-s1fHK8-00393-00261050-00261410 AND SO REALLY, INDIANA, I FEEL  LIKE AS AN OVER ALL STATE HAS  BEEN IN A GOOD PLACE THROUGHOUT  THIS PANDEMIC SO I'M PROUD OF  THE WORK
937v-s1fHK8-00394-00261410-00262685 THAT STARTED HAPPENING  A DECADE OR MORE AGO.
937v-s1fHK8-00395-00262685-00264185 IN 2013, WE TOOK SOME OF THESE  GRANT FUNDS AND DISTRICTS THAT  ARE RUN TO ONE AND INNOVATIVE  AND STARTED TO FOCUS ON DIGITAL  CONTENT CURATION
937v-s1fHK8-00396-00264185-00265385 AND HOW WE CAN  PULL THESE ROCK STAR TEACHERS  FROM ACROSS THE STATE AND PUT  THEM IN A ROOM AND GIVE THEM  TIME.
937v-s1fHK8-00397-00265385-00265975 WE HAD THE COMMON CORE, THE  ACADEMIC STANDARDS SO WE FOCUSED  ON MATH AND SCIENCE FIRST, AND  THEN BASICALLY EVERYONE AND  ANYONE WHO IS
937v-s1fHK8-00398-00265975-00267480 A ROCK STAR AND  WILLING TO COME AND PARTICIPATE  AND SHARE, WE WELCOMED.
937v-s1fHK8-00399-00267480-00268010 AND, IN 200 -- I WANT TO SAY  FEBRUARY OF 2016, INDIANA BECAME  A GO OPEN STATE AND JOINED THE  NATIONAL MOVEMENT OF 13 OTHERS  WHO JOINED
937v-s1fHK8-00400-00268010-00268690 AT THIS TIME.
937v-s1fHK8-00401-00268690-00269040 WE SWITCHED OUR FOCUS FROM  CREATING ALL DIGITAL CONTENT TO  OWE.
937v-s1fHK8-00402-00269040-00270010 OER.
937v-s1fHK8-00403-00270010-00270690 WE SAW THE VALUE IN WHAT OER HAS  TO OFFER AND WHAT WILL  MENTIONED, THE COMMUNITY, THE  BENEFITS OF BEING PART OF THAT  GROUP
937v-s1fHK8-00404-00270690-00271515 WE HAD THIS GROUP OF  TEACHERS TOGETHER AND THEY WERE  DEFINITELY POCKETEDS, THEIR  DISTRICT HAD GONE TO ONE TO ONE  AND THEY WERE
937v-s1fHK8-00405-00271515-00272400 NOT ADOPTING NEW  TEXTBOOKS BECAUSE THOSE FUNDS  WERE BEING USED TO POTENTIALLY  PAY FOR DEVICES AND TEACHERS  WERE KIND OF LEFT IN THIS
937v-s1fHK8-00406-00272400-00273375 KIND  OF IN BETWEEN SPACE WHERE THEY  WERE DOING KIND OF CONTINUED USE  OF OLD TEXTBOOKS BUT THEIR  STUDENTS HAD THESE DEVICES,  THEIR
937v-s1fHK8-00407-00273375-00274560 DIRECT HAD MAYBE DONE  POCKETS OF PROFESSIONAL  DEVELOPMENT AROUND HOW TO BEST  CREATE AND CURATE DIGITAL  RESOURCES BUT THERE
937v-s1fHK8-00408-00274560-00275480 WAS A LOT OF  GRAY AREA IN BETWEEN SO WE  WANTED TO CREATE THESE MODELS OF  QUALITY OER AND THESE MODELS OF  ROCK STAR TEACHERS THAT
937v-s1fHK8-00409-00275480-00275687 COULD GO  ACROSS THE STATE AND ACROSS THE  COUNTRY AND PRESENT AT OER  CONFERENCES AND GO MEET WITH  SEDA AND PRESENT WITH FOLKS  THERE
937v-s1fHK8-00410-00275687-00276295 AND DO WEBINARS.
937v-s1fHK8-00411-00276295-00276665 AND SO OUR FOCUS WAS A HANDFUL  OF THINGS, WITH THIS GROUP.
937v-s1fHK8-00412-00276665-00277515 WE WANTED TO ENSURE QUALITY,  WHICH DAN JUST TALKED ABOUT.
937v-s1fHK8-00413-00277515-00278295 WE SPEND A LOT OF TIME TALKING  ABOUT THE VETTING PROCESS AND  HOW DO YOU ENSURE QUALITY,  LOOKING SPECIFICALLY AT  COPYRIGHT, LOOKING AT
937v-s1fHK8-00414-00278295-00279135 FAIR USE,  LOOKING AT PEDAGOGY, DOK,  ACCESSIBILITY WITH OUR STUDENTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00415-00279135-00280180 SO WE NOTICED, ESPECIALLY THAT  ACCESSIBILITY PIECE WAS MISSING  IN A LOT OF DISTRICTS WHEN THEY  WERE DOING PROFESSIONAL  DEVELOPMENT
937v-s1fHK8-00416-00280180-00281025 FOR TEACHERS, THEY  WERE MISSING THAT PIECE SO  THAT'S WHERE PARTNERSHIPS WITH  SETDA CAME IN PLAY AND WAS  COMMERCIAL IN HAVING THAT  NETWORK.
937v-s1fHK8-00417-00281025-00281865 THE NATIONAL AMES CENTER AND  THAT WAS IMPORTANT FOR US AND WE  BENEFITED FROM THAT KNOWLEDGE  AND WE WOULD OFFER PROFESSIONAL  DEVELOPMENT
937v-s1fHK8-00418-00281865-00282710 TO OUR ROCK STORE  TEACHERS FROM GROUPS LIKE SETDA  AND THE NATIONAL AMES CENTER.
937v-s1fHK8-00419-00282710-00283915 THE GOAL WAS TO EQUIPPED THE  GROUP OF ROCK STARS AND MODELS  AND GO TO THEIR DIRECTS AND  SHARE WHAT THEY'VE LEARN  BEINGED.
937v-s1fHK8-00420-00283915-00284000 IT IS HARD FOR A STATE TEAM WITH  LIMITED TEAM MEMBERS AND LIMITED  RESOURCES TO OFFER THIS REALLY  FOCUSED, QUALITY PD TO EVERY  TEACHER
937v-s1fHK8-00421-00284000-00285645 IN THE STATE.
937v-s1fHK8-00422-00285645-00286150 BUT, IF WE COULD DO GROUPS OF IT  FROM ACROSS THE STATE AND SEND  IT BACK TO THE DISTRICTS, THEY  WE THINK OF THAT PROCESS.
937v-s1fHK8-00423-00286150-00287080 AND PD, FACE-TO-FACE, WE WOULD  MEET THROUGHOUT SCHOOL YEAR, AS  WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00424-00287080-00287410 WE ALSO DIDN'T WANT OUR TEACHERS  IN INDIANA, DOING GREAT THINGS,  WE DIDN'T WANT THEM WORKING IN  SILOS.
937v-s1fHK8-00425-00287410-00288065 SO CONTINUING THEM TO SHARE AND  DIVIDE THE WORK.
937v-s1fHK8-00426-00288065-00288885 SO A POCKET OF HIGH SCHOOL  ENGLISH TEACHERS AND ENCOURAGE  THEM TO COME TOGETHER.
937v-s1fHK8-00427-00288885-00290485 THEY WOULD ALL HAVE SIMILAR  TRAINING AND THEY COULD FOCUS ON  WHAT THEY WERE TEACHING  THROUGHOUT THE SCHOOL YEAR.
937v-s1fHK8-00428-00290485-00290595 IT WAS REALLY FUN TO SEE, SOME  TEACHERS WERE PASSIONATE ABOUT  THIS AND OTHERS WERE PASSIONATE  ABOUT THAN THEY
937v-s1fHK8-00429-00290595-00291495 COULD WORK  TOGETHER.
937v-s1fHK8-00430-00291495-00291650 LET'S WORK ON A HYPER DROP, FOR  INSTANCE, AND THIS WOULD GO BACK  TO THEIR DIRECTS AND THEIR  DISTRICT LIBRARIES WOULD GROW.
937v-s1fHK8-00431-00291650-00292690 IT WAS KIND OF NEAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00432-00292690-00292920 WE DIDN'T WANT OUR TEACHERS IN  INDIANA FEEL LIKE THEY HAD TO  COMPLETELY REINVENT THE WHEEL.
937v-s1fHK8-00433-00292920-00294535 ONE OF THE BENEFITS IS THE OPEN  PART.
937v-s1fHK8-00434-00294535-00295975 ALSO, WE LOOKED AT SHARING ALL  THIS WORK AS MODELS, AND SO  INITIALLY WE WERE SHARE, YOU  KNOW, HONESTLY LIKE ON A GOOGLE  SPREAD SHEET.
937v-s1fHK8-00435-00295975-00296795 THEN WE HAD ADOPTED LOOSELY A  STATE LMS AND HAVING A  HUB ON  OER COMMONS.
937v-s1fHK8-00436-00296795-00297525 THAT IS PUT ON THE BACK BURNER  AS RULES HAVE LIFTED.
937v-s1fHK8-00437-00297525-00298155 ANOTHER BENEFIT OF HAVING THE  ROCK STAR TEACHERS IS NOT ONLY  ABLE TO PULL THEM TOGETHER BUT  ALLOW THE HIGH FLIERS AND  TEACHER LEADERS
937v-s1fHK8-00438-00298155-00299215 TO GET PROPER  PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, TO  WORK TOGETHER TO THE HAVE TIME  OUT OF THEIR CLASSROOMS TO  CREATE AND SHARE.
937v-s1fHK8-00439-00299215-00299905 WE ALSO WERE ABLE TO SEND THEM  OUT, WE WOULD PROVIDE SUBS FOR  THEM AND WE CAN SEND THEM OUT  AND THEY, ACTUALLY, HAD  WORKSHOPS
937v-s1fHK8-00440-00299905-00301045 THEY DID THROUGHOUT  THE STATE SO WE HAD HIT ALL  CORNERS IN AREAS OF THE STATE,  ONE OR TWO TIMES THROUGHOUT THE  SCHOOL YEAR AND THEY
937v-s1fHK8-00441-00301045-00301675 WOULD DO  LIKE A FULL DAY INTENSE WORKSHOP    ON THE WAY SICKS OF DIGITAL  CONTENT AND TALK ABOUT OER AND  ACCESSIBILITY
937v-s1fHK8-00442-00301675-00302925 AND COPYRIGHT AND  THE NEED TO KNOWS TO GET  STARTED, AND THEY BECAME A  RESOURCE FOR THE FOLKS THAT  ATTENDED.
937v-s1fHK8-00443-00302925-00303170 WE ALSO HAD A STRAND OF SUMMER  LEARNING, SO EVERY SUMMER 17 TO  23 CONFERENCES WE PARTNER WITH  DISTRICTS AND WE GIVE THEM SOME  MONEY AND
937v-s1fHK8-00444-00303170-00303590 THEY HOST CONFERENCES  FOR FOLKS IN THEIR AREA.
937v-s1fHK8-00445-00303590-00304000 SO OUR ROCK STAR TEACHERS WOULD  GO A PRESENT THERE, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00446-00304000-00304530 THEY TALK ABOUT OER AND  ACCESSIBILITY AND COPYRIGHT AND  SHARE THE WORK.
937v-s1fHK8-00447-00304530-00305490 SO IT WAS JUST A GREAT WAY TO  TAKE OURTEACHER LEADERS AND  BUILD THEM UP.
937v-s1fHK8-00448-00305490-00305810 IN INDIANA, WE LOVE TO CELEBRATE  TEACHERS AND ALL THE GREAT WORK  THEY DO AND HELP OUT AS MUCH AS  POSSIBLE TO ELEVATE THEM AND  BRING LOT
937v-s1fHK8-00449-00305810-00306515 OF JUST RESPECT TO THE  PROFESSION.
937v-s1fHK8-00450-00306515-00306875 THE NEAT THING ABOUT THIS IS,  ALTHOUGH THIS WAS DONE AT THE  STATE LEVEL, I THINK IT CAN  DEFINITELY BE REPLICATED.
937v-s1fHK8-00451-00306875-00307750 KIND OF LIKE DAN HAD MENTIONED,  AT THE DISTRICT LEVEL.
937v-s1fHK8-00452-00307750-00307850 YOU WILL KNOW, YOU CAN EASILY,  NOT EASILY, I GUESS, BUT WITH  SOME EFFORT, RIGHT, YOU CAN  DEFINITELY BUILD A SIMILAR  NETWORK IN YOUR BUILDING
937v-s1fHK8-00453-00307850-00308560 OR YOUR  DIRECT.
937v-s1fHK8-00454-00308560-00309665 YOU KNOW, ENCOURAGE A DIGITAL  REPOSITORY OR OER LIBRARY.
937v-s1fHK8-00455-00309665-00309770 IF YOUR DISTRICT DOESN'T HAVE  ONE, YOU KNOW, MAYBE YOU GO TO  TEACHERS GIVE TEACHERS AND YOU  START WITH HYPER DOCS AND BUILD  YOUR OWN
937v-s1fHK8-00456-00309770-00311315 LIBRARY TO SHARE.
937v-s1fHK8-00457-00311315-00311500 MAYBE IT IS A SPREAD SHEET AMONG  YOUR TEACHER GROUP OR AMONG YOUR  DISTRICT, YOU KNOW, LOOK PLACES  THAT ARE CREATIVE LIKE OER  COMMONS,
937v-s1fHK8-00458-00311500-00312210 WE WILL HEAR FROM THEM  LATER ON.
937v-s1fHK8-00459-00312210-00313090 THE GREAT THING IS ENCOURAGING  AND MODELING RESPONSIBLE USE FOR  YOURSELF, YOUR PEERS AND MORE  IMPORTANTLY FOR YOUR STUDENTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00460-00313090-00314380 SO ONE OF THE THICK IS LOVE  ABOUT KIND OF HELPING ABOUT UP  THE TEACHER LEADERS IS SHARING  THE MESSAGE TO OUR COLLEAGUES WE  DON'T ALWAYS
937v-s1fHK8-00461-00314380-00315130 HAVE BUY-IN FROM,  WE NEED TO BE EDUCATED AROUND  THESE AREAS OF WHAT'S PAID,  WHAT'S FREE AND WHAT'S OPEN  BECAUSE WE NEED TO BE MODELS
937v-s1fHK8-00462-00315130-00315930 FOR  OUR STUDENTS AND WHAT IS  APPROPRIATE AS YOU FOR THEM AND  WHAT THEY CAN AND CANNOT DO WITH  CONTENT THEY FIND ON THE  INTERNET.
937v-s1fHK8-00463-00315930-00317015 THAT IS SOMETHING I ALWAYS TRY  SHARE, WE'RE RESPONSIBLE FOR  BEING RESPONSIBLE USERS TO OUR  STUDENTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00464-00317015-00317285 MAKE A PLEDGE, THIS IS ALL VERY  OVERWHELMING FOR SOME PEOPLE,  ESPECIALLY THRUSTED INTO THIS  DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT WHO ARE KIND  OF FLOUNDERING
937v-s1fHK8-00465-00317285-00318165 TO FIND QUALITY  CONTEND.
937v-s1fHK8-00466-00318165-00319095 I GET IT, IT IS EASIER TO GO  ONLINE AND DO A GOOGLE SEARCH  AND ASSUME IT IS FREE AND DO  WHAT YOU WANT WITH.
937v-s1fHK8-00467-00319095-00319325 IT JUST TAKING SMALL STEPS, YOU  CAN FOCUS ON THE IMAGES YOU USE  AND MAKE SURE THE IMAGES YOU USE  ARE OPEN AND FIND THE PROPER  PLACES
937v-s1fHK8-00468-00319325-00320090 FOR FREE AND OPEN STOCK  PHOTOS.
937v-s1fHK8-00469-00320090-00320510 JUST MAKE PLEDGE TO YOURSELF  THAT MOVING FORWARD YOU WILL  START TO HE HAD INDICATE  YOURSELF, YOU KNOW, ON  RESPONSIBLE USE, ON PAY VERSES
937v-s1fHK8-00470-00320510-00320960 FREE VERSES OPENED AND  EVERYTHING YOU CREATE FROM THIS  POINT FORWARD, RIGHT?
937v-s1fHK8-00471-00320960-00321385 YOU'RE GOING TO DO RESPONSIBLY  AND WITHIN THE LAW.
937v-s1fHK8-00472-00321385-00322255 THEN ALLOW YOUR STUDENTS TO TAKE  ON THAT ROLE, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00473-00322255-00322630 START TEACHING THEM, YOU KNOW,  WHAT'S APPROPRIATE TO USE AND  WHAT'S NOT, WHAT IS FREE AND  OPEN, ALLOW THEM TO TAKE THAT  CREATION AND
937v-s1fHK8-00474-00322630-00323125 CURATION COMPONENT  OFF YOUR HANDS.
937v-s1fHK8-00475-00323125-00323660 KIDS ARE GREAT AT FINDING  CONTENT AND MAKING IT AND  ORGANIZING IT.
937v-s1fHK8-00476-00323660-00324545 SO PERKS TO BE ABLE TO  PERSONALIZE OER AND KIDS  APPRECIATE THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00477-00324545-00325275 >> THAT IS A REALLY GREAT  PERSPECTIVE, I THINK, ON THE --  AS YOU SAID, FIGURING OUT A WAY  TO SUPPORT TEACHERS WHO ARE  ALREADY THE LEADERS
937v-s1fHK8-00478-00325275-00326335 IN THEIR  TEACHER COMMUNITIES AND TO USE  THEM AS SORT OF THE NUCLEUS OF  THESE CREATION EFFORTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00479-00326335-00327290 TO TALK A LITTLE BIT MORE ABOUT  SOME TEACHER COLLABORATION  MODELS AND ABOUT HOW TO EVALUATE  MATERIALS TO VET THEM AND TO  MAKE SURE
937v-s1fHK8-00480-00327290-00328205 THEY ARE ALINED WITH  THE REST OF YOUR CURRICULUM  GOALS, WE HAVE JOANNA SCHIMIZZI,  A PROFESSIONAL LEARNING  SPECIALIST AT
937v-s1fHK8-00481-00328205-00328660 THE INSTITUTE OF  THE STUDY AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND  BIOLOGY TEACHER AT THE NORTH  CAROLINA PUBLIC SCHOOL.
937v-s1fHK8-00482-00328660-00328780 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US AND FOR  TELLING US ABOUT THE WORK YOU'RE  DOING TO VET AND CREATE OER.
937v-s1fHK8-00483-00328780-00329610 >> THANK YOU SO MUCH.
937v-s1fHK8-00484-00329610-00330395 SO ON THE NEXT SLIDE, I'VE KIND  OF OFFERED A FEW THINGS AS WE  THINK ABOUT WHAT TEACHERS ARE  DOING WITH MATERIALS.
937v-s1fHK8-00485-00330395-00330885 BECAUSE, AS MOLLY AND DAN HAVE  SAID, A LOT OF TEAMS YOU AND  YOUR TEAM ARE SEARCHING FOR  MATERIALS.
937v-s1fHK8-00486-00330885-00331095 SO I ACTUALLY HAVE THIS LINKED  IN THE SLIDES.
937v-s1fHK8-00487-00331095-00332290 THE ACHIEVE OER RUBRIC.
937v-s1fHK8-00488-00332290-00332355 I'LL PUT IT IN THE CHAT BOX, AS  WELL, THE LINK TO IT IN CASE  THOSE OF YOU ON THERE WANT TO  CLICK OVER LATER, WHEN YOU GET  ACCESS
937v-s1fHK8-00489-00332355-00332925 TO THE SLIDES.
937v-s1fHK8-00490-00332925-00333535 THIS IS ONE OF THE THINGS WE'VE  SEEN TEACHERS REALLY NEED AND  THEY ALSO REALLY LIKE HAVING.
937v-s1fHK8-00491-00333535-00334625 THEY LIKE HAVING SOME EXAMPLES  OF HOW I DO KNOW IF THIS IS HIGH  QUALITY.
937v-s1fHK8-00492-00334625-00335610 SOMEONE HAD ASKED THAT IN THE    CHAT BOX, THE Q&A BOX, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00493-00335610-00335785 THEY HAD AN OER SPECIFIC RUBRIC  SO I GRABBED A SCREEN SHOT OF  THE DIFFERENT KIND OF SUB  RUBRIC, I WOULD NORMALLY CALL  THEM INDICATOR
937v-s1fHK8-00494-00335785-00336420 BUT THEY'VE  EDIFIED.
937v-s1fHK8-00495-00336420-00336625 EDIFIED THEM AS EIGHT DIFFERENT  RUBRICS.
937v-s1fHK8-00496-00336625-00337255 AND THEY STAND ALONE.
937v-s1fHK8-00497-00337255-00338370 IF YOU OFFER THEM IN AN EIGHT  INDICATOR RUBRIC, IT IS SUPER  OVERWHELMING.
937v-s1fHK8-00498-00338370-00338670 SO WE FILTER IT DOWN AND CHOOSE  ONE OR TWO AS A GROUP WE WILL  LOOK AT WITHIN WE LET THEM HAVE  INDIVIDUAL CHOICE ON CHOOSE TWO  MORE YOU'RE
937v-s1fHK8-00499-00338670-00339560 GOING TO LOOK AT AS  YOU'RE EXPLORING THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00500-00339560-00340375 WE DO SOME WORK IN NORTH  CAROLINA WITH NORTH CAROLINA'S  GO OPEN MOVEMENT CALLED GO OPEN  AND SEE, AND THEY ACTUALLY TOOK  THAT RUBRIC AND
937v-s1fHK8-00501-00340375-00341345 MADE SOME  MODIFICATIONS TO MAKE IT  SPECIFIC TO THE LOCAL CONTEXT SO  THEY HAVE THEIR OWN NORTH  CAROLINA QUALITY REVIEW RUBRIC,  WHICH
937v-s1fHK8-00502-00341345-00342115 IS ALSO LINKED THERE WE  FIND THAT TEACHERS NOT ONLY DO  THEY FIND MORE HIGH QUALITY  RESOURCES, BUT THEY REMIX THEM  IN A MORE HIGH-QUALITY
937v-s1fHK8-00503-00342115-00343595 WAY AND  THEY CREATE THEIR OWN MATERIALS,  THEY CREATE THEM IN A MORE HIGH  QUALITY WAY, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00504-00343595-00344600 THAT LITTLE AS RISK IS THERE  NEXT TO YOUR TEAM BECAUSE WHICH  KNOW RIGHT NOW YOUR TEAM MIGHT  LOOK VERY DIFFERENT THAT IT HAS  IN THE PAST.
937v-s1fHK8-00505-00344600-00346210 ON THE NEXT SLIDE, WE FOUND WHEN  YOU'RE REMIXING MATERIALS,  YOU'RE, LIKE, THIS IS NOT HOW I  CAN TEACH BIOLOGY ANY MOVING, I  CAN'T
937v-s1fHK8-00506-00346210-00346435 DO THE SAME LABS I U USED TO  DO, THERE IS THE OPPORTUNITY TO  WORK WITH SPECIALTIES
937v-s1fHK8-00507-00346435-00347050 YOU  HAVEN'T THOUGHT ABOUT WORKING  WITH BEFORE.
937v-s1fHK8-00508-00347050-00347830 AND THEY MIGHT BE MORE  ACCESSIBLE NOW BECAUSE EVERYONE  IS DOING THAT ONLINE ENGAGEMENT.
937v-s1fHK8-00509-00347830-00348675 YOUR SCHOOL LIBRARY MEDIA  SPECIALIST, ENGLISH SPECIALIST,  TECHNOLOGY FACILITATORS.
937v-s1fHK8-00510-00348675-00349610 WHEN WE WORK WITH TEACHERS  AROUND OER, WE ENCOURAGE THEM  NOT TO THINK ABOUT ASKING FOR  HELP BUT ASKING FOR THAT  COLLABORATION.
937v-s1fHK8-00511-00349610-00350620 THERE IS A REALLY GREAT PROJECT  THAT LIVES ON OER COMMONS CALLED  SCHOOL LIBRARIANS ADVANCING STEM  LEARNING, SO WE REALLY SEE THIS  TIME
937v-s1fHK8-00512-00350620-00350800 OF REMOTE CONTINUOUS  LEARNING AS THIS OPPORTUNITY TO  SAY, I REALLY CAN CHOOSE A FEW  SMALL THINGS AND REALLY MAKE  THEM A GOOD FIT FOR
937v-s1fHK8-00513-00350800-00351760 THIS VIRTUAL  LEARNING.
937v-s1fHK8-00514-00351760-00352630 BECAUSE, AS KRISTINA MENTIONED,  THERE IS THE POSSIBILITY THAT IN  THE FALL YOU ARE TEACHING  CONTACT SCHOOL WILL LOOK SUPER  DIFFERENT SO
937v-s1fHK8-00515-00352630-00353680 HOW DOWEL START TO  HE HAD ET AND REMIX THINGS NOW,  A, MAKING SURE WHAT YOU HAVE  GIVES YOU PERMISSION TO EDIT AND  REMIX.
937v-s1fHK8-00516-00353680-00354460 BUT CHOOSING THOSE THINGS AND  WHEN YOU EDIT AND REMIX THEM,  INVITE THE OTHER SPECIALISTS TO  PARTICIPATE WITH YOU BECAUSE  WHAT
937v-s1fHK8-00517-00354460-00355965 WILL COME OUT IS REALLY  EXCITING.
937v-s1fHK8-00518-00355965-00356915 ON THE NEXT SLIDE, AS YOU CREATE  MATERIALS, I AM A MAN OF THE  ASTERISK, HOPEFULLY YOU ARE NOT  CREATING THE MATERIALS.
937v-s1fHK8-00519-00356915-00358335 AS YOU CREATE MIXES, WE  ENCOURAGE EDUCATORS TO PURPOSE  68Y COLLABORATE IN TEAMS TO  DIVIDE AND CONQUER.
937v-s1fHK8-00520-00358335-00358385 IT CAN BE HARD, AS DAN WAS  TALKING , THIS IS HOW I'VE ALWAYS  DONE IT AND I KNOW HOW TO DO
937v-s1fHK8-00521-00358385-00359575 THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00522-00359575-00360980 WE WILL TRULY COLLABORA  IT.TE AROUND
937v-s1fHK8-00523-00360980-00361055 IT USED TO BE A WHEN I WAS  TEACHED IT WAS HARD TO FIND  OPENLY LICENSED IMAGES  OF  MITOCONDRIA, IT IS NOT
937v-s1fHK8-00524-00361055-00362165 ANY MORE.
937v-s1fHK8-00525-00362165-00362715 IT WOULD BE EASY TO FIND A NEW  IMAGE WITH CONSPICUOUS  ATTRIBUTION RIGHT THERE ON THE  POWERPOINT SLIDE.
937v-s1fHK8-00526-00362715-00364125 MAKE SURE YOU'RE FINDING A  PLATFORM SHARE OPENLY.
937v-s1fHK8-00527-00364125-00364335 ONE COOL THING ABOUT IT IS, IF I  FOUND SOMETHING THAT  JANNA TOLLESON MADE, I CAN  FOLLOW HER, LIKE THE THINGS SHE  LIKES AND
937v-s1fHK8-00528-00364335-00365305 MAKES THE THINGS SHE  MAKED.
937v-s1fHK8-00529-00365305-00365460 AS YOU'RE SHARING THINGS, MAYBE  ON FACEBOOK OR INTERNAL TO YOUR  DIRECT, BUT CONSIDER SHARING  THEM OPENLY ON A PLATFORM LIKE  OER COMMONS
937v-s1fHK8-00530-00365460-00366565 OR OTHER PLATFORMS.
937v-s1fHK8-00531-00366565-00367470 THE LAST PIECE IS ON THE NEXT  SLIDE, AS YOU IMPLEMENT YOUR  RESOURCES, JUST ONE THING FROM  BEING A VIRTUAL TEACHER THAT I  FOUND IS ORGANIZATION
937v-s1fHK8-00532-00367470-00368645 IS WAY,  WAY MORE IMPORTANT THAN IT IS,  AS MUCH AS IT IS IMPORTANT IN A  CLASSROOM, IT IS EVEN MORE  IMPORTANT IN A REMOTE LEARNING  VIRTUAL
937v-s1fHK8-00533-00368645-00369620 CLASSROOM BECAUSE GIVING  THOSE CONSISTENT NAMING PATTERNS  SO YOU CAN HAVE AN ORDER OF  NAMING ASSIGNMENTS AND PARENTS  CAN.
937v-s1fHK8-00534-00369620-00369725 AND IT SEEMS LIKE A SMALL THING  TO THINK ABOUT, BUT THIS  NOMENCLATURE IS A HUGE PLAY-OFF  AS WELL AS HELPING PEOPLE FIND  WHAT THEY'RE
937v-s1fHK8-00535-00369725-00370730 LOOKING FOR.
937v-s1fHK8-00536-00370730-00371645 THE LAST THING I WANT TO SAY I  LOVE WHEN I CAN GIVE FEEDBACK AS  OTHERS ARE USING IT.
937v-s1fHK8-00537-00371645-00372440 WHEN I GIVE A RESOURCE, I LOVE  BEING ABLE TO SAY THIS IS WHAT I  REALLY LOVED ABOUT THE RESOURCE,  THIS IS WHAT I WOULD CHANGE  ABOUT IT
937v-s1fHK8-00538-00372440-00372575 WOULD ENCOURAGE FOLKS  TO USE A PLATFORM THAT LETS YOU  LEAVE FEEDBACK AS YOU USED IT OR  FOR OTHERS.
937v-s1fHK8-00539-00372575-00372840 >> THANKS, JOANNA.
937v-s1fHK8-00540-00372840-00373535 WE'RE GOING TO PAUSE HERE.
937v-s1fHK8-00541-00373535-00375475 I HAVE A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS FOR  YOU, TALK ABOUT WHAT WE'VE JUST  GONE OVER AND SWITCH TO TALKING  ABOUT SOURCES AND MATERIALS.
937v-s1fHK8-00542-00375475-00375500 ONE THING WE HEAR IS, A LOT OF  DIFFERENT PRACTICES FINDING  MATERIALS, VETTING MATERIALS,  IMPLEMENTING THEM ARE ALL IN  THIS BIG CURATION
937v-s1fHK8-00543-00375500-00376190 IDEA.
937v-s1fHK8-00544-00376190-00376620 IT IS A BEGGAR GROUP THAT CAN  INCLUDE LIBRARIANS AND  TECHNOLOGY SPECIALISTS AND  OTHERS.
937v-s1fHK8-00545-00376620-00376980 I KNOW LIBRARIANS IN PARTICULAR  ARE OFTEN A PARTNER IN THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00546-00376980-00377425 CAN YOU TALK ABOUT BRINGING  LIBRARIANS INTO THE  COLLABORATIONS.
937v-s1fHK8-00547-00377425-00378190 >> SURE, IF YOU DON'T MIND GOING  BACK TWO SLIDES, I THINK IT WAS.
937v-s1fHK8-00548-00378190-00379240 ALL OF THOSE SPECIALISTS ARE  SUPER HELPFUL FOR CURATION  BECAUSE THEY BRING A DIFFERENT  LENS.
937v-s1fHK8-00549-00379240-00379365 ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT THINGS  TO DO, MAKE SURE YOU DON'T HAVE  TUNNEL VISION, YOU'RE NOT JUST  GOING TO THE SAME RESOURCES
937v-s1fHK8-00550-00379365-00380205 YOU  HAVE AALWAYS USED.
937v-s1fHK8-00551-00380205-00381060 RIGHT NOW NORTH CAROLINA IS  WORKING ON AN ACADEMY TO RELATE  TO CULTURALLY RELEVANT TEACHING.
937v-s1fHK8-00552-00381060-00381335 HE WANT A HUGE SET OF EDUCATORS  THAT SAY THERE ISN'T ONE BEST  WAY TO FIND RESOURCE THAT IS  BEST PRACTICES OF CULTURALLY  RELEVANT TEACHING
937v-s1fHK8-00553-00381335-00381530 BECAUSE IT IS  IN RESPECT TO YOUR STUDENTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00554-00381530-00382685 IT IS IN RESPECT TO THE  EDUCATOR.
937v-s1fHK8-00555-00382685-00383505 SO, YES, LIBRARIANS ARE A HUGE  SOURCE OF SUPPORT BECAUSE THEY  HAVE THIS MUCH BROADER VIEW OF  WHERE DO I FIND RESOURCES AND  HOW DO I FIND
937v-s1fHK8-00556-00383505-00384775 THE ONES I'M  REALLY LOOKING FOR, RATHER THAN  THAT KEY WORD GOOGLE SEARCH  WE'RE USED TO DOING AS EDUCATORS  BUT INCLUDING ALL OF THOSE
937v-s1fHK8-00557-00384775-00384830 OTHERS HELPS YOU BRING IN  MULTIPLE LENSES THAT FOCUSED ON  CONTENT STANDARDS LAKE THE  STRUCTURE OF MITOCONDRIA, I  OFTEN MISS THE
937v-s1fHK8-00558-00384830-00384900 OTHER PIECES.
937v-s1fHK8-00559-00384900-00385870 >> THANKS.
937v-s1fHK8-00560-00385870-00386625 WE'RE GOING TO TURN NOW TO THE  NEXT SECTION OF THE WEBINAR AND  TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT  PLATFORMS TO FIND OER IN  RESOURCES THERE,
937v-s1fHK8-00561-00386625-00387225 BUT THE OTHER  THING I AM ANTICIPATE JUST GOING  TO TAKE MODERATOR PRIVILEGE TO  ADD IS, A LOT OF THE TALK HERE  IS ABOUT FINDING OPEN
937v-s1fHK8-00562-00387225-00388235 RESOURCES  TO INCLUDE AND DOING THAT SORT  OF COPYRIGHT EVALUATION.
937v-s1fHK8-00563-00388235-00389485 BUT, IT'S IMPORTANT TO THINK  THAT OPEN RESOURCES ARE ONE VERY  IMPORTANT PART OF THAT, BUT FAIR  USE CAN ALSO ALLOW YOU TO IMPORT  THIRD
937v-s1fHK8-00564-00389485-00389615 PARTY MATERIALS FOR  ILLUSTRATION, FOR QUOTATION, FOR  THOSE TEACHING PURPOSES, BUT  JUST AS JOANNA AND MOLLY WERE  SAYING, YOU DO NEED
937v-s1fHK8-00565-00389615-00390650 THINK THAT  THROUGH.
937v-s1fHK8-00566-00390650-00391120 FAIR USE IS POWERFUL FOR  TEACHERS, BUT IF YOU'RE GOING TO  RELY ON FAIR USE, YOUR  RATIONALE  NEEDS TO BE STRONGER
937v-s1fHK8-00567-00391120-00391935 THAN I  FOUND THIS ON GOOGLE AND IT WAS  THE RIGHT COLOR.
937v-s1fHK8-00568-00391935-00392885 BUT FOR EXAMPLE THE PICTURE WAS  EXACTLY THE RIGHT ONE AND YOU  WERE USING IT AND DIGGING INTO  IT AND THE PART, YOU MIGHT BE  ABLE TO RELY
937v-s1fHK8-00569-00392885-00393765 ON THAT, IF THERE  IS A FAIR USE RATIONALE FOR THAT  BUT YOU NEED TO HAVE DONE THAT  FAIR USE ANALYSIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00570-00393765-00394530 IF YOU ARE RELYING ON OPEN  LICENSING OR FAIR USE IN THAT  SITUATION YOU WOULD WANT TO  DOCUMENT THE OPEN LICENSING  INFORMATION OR YOUR
937v-s1fHK8-00571-00394530-00395395 YOUR FAIR USE  ANALYSIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00572-00395395-00396750 FOR MORE ON THAT, NEXT WEEK'S  WEBINAR IS ON CREATING AND  ADAPTING OER, BUT THAT IS SORT  OF GETTING AHEAD OF OURSELVES.
937v-s1fHK8-00573-00396750-00397260 RIGHT NOW, WE WILL HEAR FROM  MELINDA BOLAND, A MANAGER OF OER  PROJECTS AND SERVICES AT THE  INSTITUTION FOR MANAGEMENT AND  EDUCATION.
937v-s1fHK8-00574-00397260-00397395 AND MELINDA MANAGING INFORMATION  PROFESSIONALS AND DESIGNERS.
937v-s1fHK8-00575-00397395-00397560 MINDY, THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.
937v-s1fHK8-00576-00397560-00397715 >> THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME.
937v-s1fHK8-00577-00397715-00398495 HELLO, EVERYONE.
937v-s1fHK8-00578-00398495-00398880 THIS HAS BEEN REALLY, REALLY  GREAT TO HERE  EVERYONE'S DIFFERENT  PRESENTATIONS AND HOW THEY ARE  ALL TALKING SO MUCH ABOUT  COLLABORATION,
937v-s1fHK8-00579-00398880-00400460 WHICH IS JUST A  KEY PART OF OPEN EDUCATIONAL  PRACTICE.
937v-s1fHK8-00580-00400460-00400995 I WANTED TO START WITH JUST AN  INTRODUCTION TO ISKME, IT STANDS  FOR THE INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY  OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND  EDUCATION,
937v-s1fHK8-00581-00400995-00401780 AS MEREDITH SAID, AND  IT IS OUR DIGITAL LIBRARY AND  COLLABORATION PLATFORM.
937v-s1fHK8-00582-00401780-00402565 IT HAS BEEN AROUND ABOUT  13-YEARS, AND OVER THAT PERIOD  WE'VE REALLY BEEN ABLE TO  DEVELOP A STRONG DIGITAL  LEARNING INFRASTRUCTURE
937v-s1fHK8-00583-00402565-00403855 THAT HAS  BECOME CRITICAL FOR A MOMENT  LIKE NOW WHEN WE'RE LOOKING AT  ALL OF THESE EDUCATORS SHIFTING  TO REMOTE TEACHING AND LEARNING.
937v-s1fHK8-00584-00403855-00403990 WE HAVE PARTNERS AROUND THE  UNITED STATES IN K-12 AND HIGHER  EDUCATION AND ALSO AROUND THE  GLOBE, WORKING WITH UNESCO AND  OTHER
937v-s1fHK8-00585-00403990-00404940 INFORMATION ORGANIZATIONS.
937v-s1fHK8-00586-00404940-00405850 WE ALWAYS, AS A NON-PROFIT, ARE  SEEKING TO FURTHER OR EQUITABLE  ACCESS TO EDUCATION SO THAT  INCLUDES PROVIDING THE TOOLS  THAT MAKE IT
937v-s1fHK8-00587-00405850-00406820 EASY FOR FOLKS TO  GET THE RESOURCES WHERE THEY  NEED THEM, FOR EXAMPLE, IN THE  LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM,  THROUGH GOOGLE CLASSROOM,
937v-s1fHK8-00588-00406820-00407490 MAKING  SURE THEY ARE ALWAYS AVAILABLE,  OPEN LICENSED AND CAN BE CURATED  TO THE TEACHERS.
937v-s1fHK8-00589-00407490-00408645 THE NEXT SLIDE, TALK ABOUT HOW  YOU CAN USE OER COMMONS TO  SEARCH FOR RESOURCES YOU CAN USE  NOW OR WHATEVER.
937v-s1fHK8-00590-00408645-00409320 SO, IT IS A DIGITAL LIBRARY AND  COLLABORATION PLATFORM, SO ONE  OF THE THINGS ABOUT OER COMMONS,  IT WAS BUILD FROM THE GROUND UP  TO SUPPORT
937v-s1fHK8-00591-00409320-00410289 OPEN EDUCATION SO  REALLY WE HAVE A LOT OF WORK  FLOWS IN THERE TO HELP TEACHERS  COLLABORATE WITH ONE ANOTHER.
937v-s1fHK8-00592-00410289-00411685 ONCE THEY'VE DONE THAT, THEY CAN  BEGIN SEARCHING AND SHARING  RESOURCES IN GROUPS AND ACROSS  THE SITE.
937v-s1fHK8-00593-00411685-00412310 SO IF YOU'RE  USING OER COMMONS,  YOU CAN USE KEY WORDS, FILTER BY  SUBJECTS, BY GRADE LEVELS.
937v-s1fHK8-00594-00412310-00413264 YOU CAN DRILL DOWN BY ACADEMIC  STANDARDS IF YOU'RE LOOKING FOR  SOMETHING ALIGNED BY COMMON  CORE.
937v-s1fHK8-00595-00413264-00413989 ONCE YOU'VE CONDUCTED YOUR  SEARCH, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF  FILTERED ON THE LEFT YOU CAN USE  TO FURTHER DEFINE YOUR RESULTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00596-00413989-00414895 FOR EXAMPLE, YOU CAN FILTER BY  STANDARDS AND ALSO BY MATERIAL  TYPE, SO I KNOW THAT SOMETIMES  WE THINK OF OER AND PEOPLE ARE  THINKING,
937v-s1fHK8-00597-00414895-00416285 OH, I NEED TO REPLACE  THE ENTIRE YEAR'S WORTH OF  CURRICULUM AND THAT ESPECIALLY  RIGHT NOW, WE'RE GETTING TO THE  END OF A SEMESTER, YOU
937v-s1fHK8-00598-00416285-00417405 MAIL BE  LOOKING FOR THINGS DAY-TO-DAY WE  CAN USE AND SEQUENCE TOGETHER  FOR A LESSON PLAN.
937v-s1fHK8-00599-00417405-00417870 YOU CAN SAY I'M LOOKING FOR A  LAB OR A SHORT PIECE OF CONTENT,  IT ALLOWS YOU TO DEFINE YOUR  SEARCH BASE SO I ENCOURAGE FOLKS  TO DO THAT
937v-s1fHK8-00600-00417870-00418264 SEARCH REFINEMENT  WHEN THEY GET THAT RESULT THAT  HAS LIKE 1400 RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00601-00418264-00419350 IT WILL MAKE IT LESS  OVERWHELMING IF YOU DO THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00602-00419350-00419450 I'VE ALSO INCLUDED A LINK TO  ADVANCED SEARCH ON OER COMMONS,  OFF THEY BE USED BY LIBRARIANS  WHO HAVE THE SKILLS TO USE THE  SEARCH PARAMETERS
937v-s1fHK8-00603-00419450-00419980 ON THE OUTSET.
937v-s1fHK8-00604-00419980-00421039 IT IS A PRETTY EASY AND  INTUITIVE TOOL FOR SEARCH AND  DISCOVERY.
937v-s1fHK8-00605-00421039-00421770 WE SPENT A LOT OF TIME  GENERATING MEHTA DATA AROUND OUR  RESOURCES TO MAKE IT EASIER TO  FIND.
937v-s1fHK8-00606-00421770-00422225 THE NEXT SLIDE, I WANT TO TALK  ABOUT HOW YOU CAN USE OER  COMMONS TO BENEFIT FROM THE WORK  OF OTHERS.
937v-s1fHK8-00607-00422225-00423210 I THINK WE'RE TALKED ABOUT NOT  CREATING THE WHEEL HERE A NUMBER  OF TIMES.
937v-s1fHK8-00608-00423210-00424147 ON OER COMMONS WE HAVE WHAT WE  CALL NETWORK HUBS AND THOSE ARE  PAGES OF THE SITE, THINK OF THEM  ALMOST AS WINGS IN THE LIBRARY  WHERE
937v-s1fHK8-00609-00424147-00424950 AN ORGANIZATION HAS MAYBE  PROVIDED CURATED RESOURCES,  COLLECTIONS OF RESOURCES WE ARE  THEY HAVE VALIDATED THEM TO  SHARE WITH AMONG
937v-s1fHK8-00610-00424950-00426195 THEIR OWN  COHORT, SO, FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU  GO TO THE HUB'S PAGE, YOU CAN  SEE THE WORK THAT'S BEEN DONE IN  THE STATE OF NEBRASKA WHERE
937v-s1fHK8-00611-00426195-00426430 THEY'VE CREATED AND CURATED  COLLECTIONS AND YOU CAN REST  ASSURED THEY'VE WITHIN  VALIDATING THESE RESOURCES IF  YOU WANT TO
937v-s1fHK8-00612-00426430-00427214 FIND SOMETHING  THAT'S ALREADY BEEN VETTED.
937v-s1fHK8-00613-00427214-00427275 LOOKING AT THE WORK OF OTHERS IN  HUBS OR GROUPS, EVEN JUST  BROWSE, PROVIDES YOU WITH A NICE  STARTING POINT WHEN YOU'RE  LOOKING
937v-s1fHK8-00614-00427275-00428345 FOR OER.
937v-s1fHK8-00615-00428345-00429025 THERE ARE A LOT OF DIFFERENT  WAYS TO BROWSE I'VE INCLUDED  THOSE ON THE SLIDE.
937v-s1fHK8-00616-00429025-00429625 AND HUB WE PUT TOGETHER AT ISKME  FOR THIS MOMENT.
937v-s1fHK8-00617-00429625-00430635 WE HAVE SO MANY MATERIALS AND  PEOPLE ARE SO OVERWHELMS SO WE  PUT TOGETHER THIS HUB CALLED  K-12 REMOTE LEARNING.
937v-s1fHK8-00618-00430635-00431500 WE HAVE A NUMBER OF PARTNERS AND  USERS COME TO US ASKING FOR  RESOURCES THAT ARE STUDENT  FACING, SO WE HAVE A LOT OF REST  SON PLANS
937v-s1fHK8-00619-00431500-00432189 LESSON PLANS.
937v-s1fHK8-00620-00432189-00433170 THEY'RE EXPECT TO BE STUDENT  FACING AND YOU CAN SEE HERE THE  ELEMENTARY, MIDDLE SCHOOL, HIGH  SCHOOL, THOSE ARE ALL DIFFERENT  COLLECTIONS
937v-s1fHK8-00621-00433170-00433514 ORGANIZED BY  SUBJECTS AND WE ALSO HAVE A  NUMBER OF PROVIDER COLLECTIONS,  WHICH I THINK WE WILL BE  LOOKING
937v-s1fHK8-00622-00433514-00435110 AT MORE OR TALKING ABOUT THOSE  PROVIDERS HERE TODAY.
937v-s1fHK8-00623-00435110-00435420 WE HAVE CHECKS FROM CK-12,  CODE.ORG, KHAN ACADEMY, ALL  THOSE PROVIDERS, WE MADE THEM  EASY TO FIND AND US THE K-12 HUB  AS A REMOTE
937v-s1fHK8-00624-00435420-00436470 STARTING POINT OR ON  OER COMMONS.
937v-s1fHK8-00625-00436470-00437385 ONE THING I WANTED TO SHARE IN  ALL OF THIS HAS BEEN, WE HAVE  ATTACKED TO A LOT OF OUR PARTER  WHO HAVE BEEN ON OER COMMONS OR  HAVE OER
937v-s1fHK8-00626-00437385-00438375 COMMONS MICRO SITES  LIKE THE ONE  JOANNA WAS SPEAKING  ABOUT IN NORTH CAROLINA.
937v-s1fHK8-00627-00438375-00439085 ONE PARTNER SAID THEY FELT LIKE  THEY HAD DO SO MUCH WORK  DEVELOPING THEIR HUB ON OER  COMMONS THEY WERE READY FOR THIS  MOMENT, THEY HAD
937v-s1fHK8-00628-00439085-00440005 LATE THE GROUND  WORK TO LEARNING AND FOR US THAT  WAS WONDERFUL TO HEAR AND SUPER  HEARTENING.
937v-s1fHK8-00629-00440005-00440575 FOR YOU ALL, LOOK AT THE PAIU  HUB AND SEE WHAT THEY'VE DONE  BECAUSE THEY FEEL READY FOR THIS  MOMENT AND YOU CAN PROBABLY  LEARN LOT FROM
937v-s1fHK8-00630-00440575-00441085 WHAT THEY'VE DONE  IN CURATING CONTENT.
937v-s1fHK8-00631-00441085-00441330 THEY'VE DONE LEARNING AROUND THE  STATE AND IT IS A WONDERFUL  MODEL OF SHARING WITH OTHERS.
937v-s1fHK8-00632-00441330-00442175 THAT'S ABOUT IT FOR OER COMMONS.
937v-s1fHK8-00633-00442175-00442580 WE ARE ALWAYS THINKING ABOUT  THINGS LIKE ACCESSIBILITY AND  BEING ABLE TO SHARE AND MAKING  SURE THIS IS AVAILABLE FOR ALL,  SO I ENCOURAGE
937v-s1fHK8-00634-00442580-00442605 YOU TO BROWSE AND  FIND RESOURCES TO USE IN YOUR  CLASSROOMS TODAY.
937v-s1fHK8-00635-00442605-00443000 THANK YOU.
937v-s1fHK8-00636-00443000-00444080 >> THANK YOU FOR JOINING US,  MINDY.
937v-s1fHK8-00637-00444080-00444395 IT IS A GOOD POINT, IF YOU ARE  IN A DIRECT THAT IS STARTING  OUT, WE'VE HEARD A LOT ABOUT  THESE REALLY AMAZING FINDING AND  CURATION
937v-s1fHK8-00638-00444395-00445005 PROCESSES BUT YOU'RE  NOT GOING TO BE ABLE TO DO THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00639-00445005-00445800 YOU CAN DO PARTS BUT NOT THE  WHOLE THING BETWEEN NOW AND WHEN  YOU START TEACHING BETWEEN  AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER.
937v-s1fHK8-00640-00445800-00446239 AS MINDY SAID, FINDING DIRECTS  AND SCHOOLS THAT HAVE ALREADY  DONE THAT AND ARE PUBLICLY  SHARING WHAT THEY'RE DOING, ONE  OF THE CORE
937v-s1fHK8-00641-00446239-00446700 PARTS OF OER IS  PEOPLE CAN RESHARE AND WANT TO  RESHARE.
937v-s1fHK8-00642-00446700-00447589 SO YOU CAN TAKE THINGS SORT OF  ALREADY IN TACT AND JUST USE  THEM.
937v-s1fHK8-00643-00447589-00448789 AND, THEY BELIEVE, KRISTINA IS  GOING TO TALK ABOUT SOME OF THE  PUBLISHER-TYPE ORGANIZATIONS  THAT HAVE RESOURCES THAT ARE  MORE OUT OF
937v-s1fHK8-00644-00448789-00448964 THE BOX READY TO GO  THAT YOU CAN EITHER ADOPT  WHOLESALE OR DO SORT OF LESS  CURATION THAN YOU MIGHT IF  YOU'RE TRYING TO BUILD SOMETHING
937v-s1fHK8-00645-00448964-00449385 UP FROM INDIVIDUAL RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00646-00449385-00449510 ON THE NEXT SLIDE, KRISTINA WILL  START WITH OPEN UP RESOURCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00647-00449510-00449595 THANKS, KRISTINA.
937v-s1fHK8-00648-00449595-00450585 >> COURSE.
937v-s1fHK8-00649-00450585-00451180 THIS IS BY NO MEANS DEFINITIVE  OR EXHAUSTIVE.
937v-s1fHK8-00650-00451180-00451595 JUST LIKE MEREDITH HAS TO SAY,  I'M NOT GIVING YOU LEGAL ADVICE.
937v-s1fHK8-00651-00451595-00452885 WE REACHED OUT TO SAY, WHAT  RESOURCES ARE YOU USING.
937v-s1fHK8-00652-00452885-00453764 WE'VE COMPILED A LIST AND  CATEGORIZED THEM AND THIS IS A  QUICK CHANGE IN THE MIDST OF  WHAT WE'RE IN NOW.
937v-s1fHK8-00653-00453764-00454630 WE HAD IT CATEGORIZED AND WE  SAID LET'S STOP THAT AND GO TO  COMPREHENSIVE OR SUPPLEMENTAL.
937v-s1fHK8-00654-00454630-00455039 WE KNOW THERE ARE PLENTY OF  OTHER RESOURCES OUT THERE AND  WHAT MINDY BROUGHT UP WITH OER  COMMONS BEING AN INCREDIBLE  RESOURCE AROUND
937v-s1fHK8-00655-00455039-00455725 WELL OVER  10-YEARS SO THERE ARE A NUMBER  OF RESOURCES AVAILABLE.
937v-s1fHK8-00656-00455725-00456795 LET'S LOOK AT COMPREHENSIVE  RESOURCES THAT MIGHT HELP YOU  OFF THE SHELF, LIKE MEREDITH  MENTIONED.
937v-s1fHK8-00657-00456795-00457039 IT STARTED AS THE OPEN  COLLABORATIVE AND THIS IS  BETWEEN 12 DIFFERENT STATES THAT  DECIDED THEY NEEDED MATH  CURRICULUM THAT WOULD BE PRETTY
937v-s1fHK8-00658-00457039-00457264 COHESIVE AND THEY COULD ALL  SHARE.
937v-s1fHK8-00659-00457264-00458335 IT CHANGED A LITTLE BIT AND  BECAME WHAT IT IS NOW.
937v-s1fHK8-00660-00458335-00458495 SO OPEN UP RESOURCES HAVE THREE  DIFFERENT OFFERINGS, A K-5  ENGLISH ARTS SERIES CALLED  BOOKWORMS, FUNCTIONING WITH MOST  THAT YOU HAVE
937v-s1fHK8-00661-00458495-00459414 FROM PUBLISHERS.
937v-s1fHK8-00662-00459414-00460589 THEN THE ELA EDUCATION  ALTERNATIVE WHICH IS IS  EXPEDITIONARY LEARNING IS WHAT  IT IS CALLED, AND YOU CAN GO  THROUGH THEM, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00663-00460589-00461385 IT IS IN QUIRE REBASED SO IT IS  NOT AT TEACHER HEAVY SO IT IS  IMPORTANT TO KNOW THEY VARY.
937v-s1fHK8-00664-00461385-00461975 THEY PROVIDE THE CONTENT FOR  FREE AND YOU CAN PURCHASE  PRINTING AND PROFESSIONAL  LEARNING IF THAT IS WHAT YOU  CHOOSE TO DO.
937v-s1fHK8-00665-00461975-00462864 THEY HAVE'S ALSO HAD QUITE OF  BIT OF THEIR CONTENT REVIEWED BY  ED REPORTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00666-00462864-00463370 IF YOU'RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH ED  REPORTS, WHEN WE TALK ABOUT THE  QUALITY OF THINGS THIS IS A  THIRD PARTY PROVIDE THEIR  REVIEWS
937v-s1fHK8-00667-00463370-00464000 THE MAJORITY IN MATH,  ENGLISH AND ARTS AND NOW THEY'VE  INCLUDED SCIENCE.
937v-s1fHK8-00668-00464000-00464264 YOU CAN GO ON EDREPORTS.COM AND  SEE IF THE SERIES YOU HAVE IN  YOUR SCHOOLS ARE REVIEWED ON  THERE.
937v-s1fHK8-00669-00464264-00464650 THEY HAVE THREE THINGS THEY  FOCUS ON.
937v-s1fHK8-00670-00464650-00465239 IF WE GO NEXT, WE HAVE EL  EDUCATION.
937v-s1fHK8-00671-00465239-00465910 'S JUST MENTIONED, THIS IS  CALLED EXPEDITIONARY LEARNING.
937v-s1fHK8-00672-00465910-00466945 THIS IS A K-5 SERIES.
937v-s1fHK8-00673-00466945-00467405 YOU MAY SEE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN  IN AND ENGAGE NEW YORK, THE  FIRST SIGNS 2012, THEY TOOK THE  TOP FUNDING FROM THE U.S.  DEPARTMENT OF
937v-s1fHK8-00674-00467405-00468030 EDUCATION AND PUT  A CALL OUT FOR OPENLY LICENSED  CONTEND.
937v-s1fHK8-00675-00468030-00468935 IT IS PRE-K 12S, AND THEY WORKED  ON THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00676-00468935-00469620 THEY ARE ANOTHER ONE THAT  PROVIDED CONTENT FOR FREE OR A  SMALL FEE.
937v-s1fHK8-00677-00469620-00470610 THE NEXT ONE IS, ILLUSTRATIVE  MATHEMATICS.
937v-s1fHK8-00678-00470610-00470930 THEY'VE NOW EXPANDED TO 9-12  MATH THEY WILL BE IMPLEMENTING  IN THE COMING SCHOOL YEAR IN  2021 AND THEY'RE DOING PILOT  TESTING NOW FOR
937v-s1fHK8-00679-00470930-00471345 A K-5 MATH  SERIES.
937v-s1fHK8-00680-00471345-00472364 SO REALLY ROBUST AS FAR AS THE  SERIES ITSELF.
937v-s1fHK8-00681-00472364-00472500 THEY PROVIDE THE CONTENT FOR  FREE AND WILL OTHERS WHO WILL  HELP WITH THE PRINTING OR  DIGITAL ACCESS.
937v-s1fHK8-00682-00472500-00473389 IT IS DONE REALLY WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00683-00473389-00473439 IT IS GREAT TO SEE THIS HAS  CONTINUED TO GROW IN USAGE  ACROSS THE COUNTRY FOR  COMPREHENSIVE SERIES AND THE  DEPTH IT GOES INTO FOR TEACHING
937v-s1fHK8-00684-00473439-00474560 MATH.
937v-s1fHK8-00685-00474560-00474830 AGAIN WHAT DAN HAD SAID ABOUT  LOOKING AT INSTRUCTIONAL  PRACTICES, IT REALLY CHANGES  WAIT WE TEACH MATH SO THAT HAS  BEEN HELPFUL TO SEE.
937v-s1fHK8-00686-00474830-00475164 NEXT, WE HAVE OPENTAX.
937v-s1fHK8-00687-00475164-00476685 OPENSTAX IS REALLY WELL-KNOWN IN  HIGHER EDUCATION.
937v-s1fHK8-00688-00476685-00477439 THEY DO A CONTENT IN OPENLY  LICENSED 100 AND 200 LEVEL  COURSES AND THEY HAVE A LOT OF  CON HASN'T CAN BE BROUGHT DOWN.
937v-s1fHK8-00689-00477439-00477789 THEIR TOP FIVE BOOKS ARE USED IN  HIGH SCHOOL, SCIENCE BASED SO  BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LIKE THE  101 COURSES.
937v-s1fHK8-00690-00477789-00478685 THOSE ARE BEING USED IN A LOT OF  HIGH SCHOOL CLASSES.
937v-s1fHK8-00691-00478685-00479314 THEY ALSO RECEIVED FUNDING FROM  THE TEXAS EDUCATION AGENCY,  DEPARTMENT OF ED IN TEXAS, TO  DEVELOP FIVE AP TEXT BOOKS.
937v-s1fHK8-00692-00479314-00480485 THESE ARE COLLEGE BOARD APPROVED  SO THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT FOR  PEOPLE LOOKING FOR AP MATERIALS  THAT IT IS COLLEGE BOARD  APPROVED
937v-s1fHK8-00693-00480485-00480810 SO THESE ARE MACRO,  MICRO ECONOMICS, I'M GOING TO  FORGET ALL THE OTHER ONES, TWO,  BUT THERE ARE FIVE OF THEM, I  PROMISE, AND THEY HAVE
937v-s1fHK8-00694-00480810-00481955 THE  DIGITAL AND ANALOG OFFERINGS,  WHICH IS IMPORTANT.
937v-s1fHK8-00695-00481955-00482725 IT IS A TEXTBOOK BUT FOLKS THAT  ARE PART OF THE OPEN STAX  COMMUNITY HAVE QUIZZES AND TESTS  AND ALL OF THOSE KIND OF PIECES,  SO THAT IS
937v-s1fHK8-00696-00482725-00483914 CERTAINLY PART OF THE  OPENSTAX OFFERING.
937v-s1fHK8-00697-00483914-00484400 THEY HIRED A DIRECTOR WORKING  WITH K-12 TEACHERS AND GETTING  FEEDBACK FROM THEM TO MAKE SURE  THEY'RE ADDRESSING THE  COMMUNITY.
937v-s1fHK8-00698-00484400-00484855 AND QUICK PLUG, I HAVE A PODCAST  WITH HIM THIS WEEK WHERE WE TALK  ABOUT THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00699-00484855-00485770 IF YOU'RE INTERESTED TO LEARN  MORE, CHECK OUT.
937v-s1fHK8-00700-00485770-00486530 NEXT, WE HAVE CK-12, WHICH DAN  MENTIONED.
937v-s1fHK8-00701-00486530-00486675 THEY OFFER K-12 SCIENCE AND THIS  IS NEW BECAUSE IT USED TO BE  MIDDLE SCHOOL AND HIGH SCHOOL  AND NOW THEY'VE GONE DOWN TO  KINDERGARTEN,
937v-s1fHK8-00702-00486675-00487310 WHICH IS EXCITING  TO SEE.
937v-s1fHK8-00703-00487310-00488325 1st AND 12th GRADE MASS.
937v-s1fHK8-00704-00488325-00488839 AND WHAT I LOVE AND SETS THEM  APART A LITTLE BIT MORE IS  CK-12, THEY WERE KNOWN FOR THE  OPEN LICENSE BOOKS FLEX BOOKS,  BUT THEY
937v-s1fHK8-00705-00488839-00489630 HAD BUILT ALL THESE  SIMULATIONS AND INTERACTIVES AND  THEY WERE SEPARATE FOR A LONG  TIME.
937v-s1fHK8-00706-00489630-00490370 NOW THEY'VE INTEGRATED THOSE SO  YOU HAVE THE TEXTBOOK BUT THE  INTERACTIVES AND SIMULATIONS ARE  BUILT INTO THE PAGE.
937v-s1fHK8-00707-00490370-00491230 HAVE NO FEAR IF YOU'RE NOT A  ONE  TO ONE DISTRICT, YOU CAN STILL  OF PRINT THESE.
937v-s1fHK8-00708-00491230-00492064 IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW, THEY  ARE AVAILABLE VIA DIGITAL  AND ANALOG ACTIVE SIX.
937v-s1fHK8-00709-00492064-00492670 NECESSARY, A SUPPLEMENT TAL  SERIES.
937v-s1fHK8-00710-00492670-00493214 KHAN ACADEMY HAS BEEN AROUND  LONG TIME.
937v-s1fHK8-00711-00493214-00494255 WE KNEW THE OFFERINGS THAT KHAN  ACADEMY IS ROBUST AND THEY  CONTINUE TO ADD TO IT.
937v-s1fHK8-00712-00494255-00496455 THEY HAVE QUITE A BIT OF STEM  MATERIAL, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOME  TEST PREP STUFF IN THERE THEY'VE  CREATED ALIGNMENT WENT GAUGE NEW  YORK,
937v-s1fHK8-00713-00496455-00497205 THE OER CONTENT, SO THEY  HAVE THE SCOPE OF AND  SEQUENCE  TO SUM MEANT WHAT HAVE YOU:
937v-s1fHK8-00714-00497205-00498439 NEXT, WE HAVE MATCH FISHTANK, A  NEWER ONE, BASED OUT OF THE  MATCH SYSTEM IN BOSTON.
937v-s1fHK8-00715-00498439-00498814 THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE SERIES  WITH 1-5 GRADE SOCIAL SCIENCES.
937v-s1fHK8-00716-00498814-00499550 RECAME BACK STRONG.
937v-s1fHK8-00717-00499550-00500450 THE PIECE I LOVE THE MOST AND  JOANNA MENTIONED IS THE  CULTURALLY RELEVANT PIECE.
937v-s1fHK8-00718-00500450-00501525 UNLIKE THOSE THAT STILL HAVE THE  CANNON OF VERY TRADITIONAL  AUTHORS AND PARTICULARLY WHITE  AUTHORS, I FEEL LIKE THEY'VE  DOWN REALLY GREAT
937v-s1fHK8-00719-00501525-00501645 JOB ON THE  CULTURALLY RELEVANT PIECE AND  MADE SURE TO INCLUDE AUTHORS OF  COLOR AND MADE SURE THE  INSTRUCTION MATERIALS ARE  INCLUSIVE
937v-s1fHK8-00720-00501645-00501995 AND REPRESENTATIVE OF  THEIR STUDENTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00721-00501995-00502845 THAT IS APPLICABLE AND USEABLE  BY ANYONE.
937v-s1fHK8-00722-00502845-00503510 WE HAVE THREE MORE, WHICH AGAIN,  GOING BACK TO THE SUPPLEMENTAL  AND COMP HEN SELF, WE HAVE OPEN  SCIED.
937v-s1fHK8-00723-00503510-00504839 THEIR GOAL IS COMPREHENSIVE BUT  THEY'RE STARTING WITH UNITS  RIGHT NOW, SO 6-8 SCIENCE.
937v-s1fHK8-00724-00504839-00504985 AGAIN,' LINED TO NEXT GEN  SCIENCE STANDARDS TO MUCH  DEEPER  WHEN THEY GO INTO SCIENCE AND  HAVE STUDENTS
937v-s1fHK8-00725-00504985-00505535 READING ABOUT IT.
937v-s1fHK8-00726-00505535-00505964 SOME UNITS ARE ROLLED OUT RIGHT  NOW.
937v-s1fHK8-00727-00505964-00506360 THEY HAVE A PROFESSIONAL  COMMUNITY AND TEACHER COHORT.
937v-s1fHK8-00728-00506360-00507875 THEY'VE BEEN PROVIDING RESOURCES  FOR THE SWITCH TO REMOTE  LEARNING.
937v-s1fHK8-00729-00507875-00508564 IF YOU CAN'T BE IN A LAB, HERE  IS WHAT YOU COULD DO, TRYING TO  PROVIDE AS MANY ALTERNATIVES AS  POSSIBLE.
937v-s1fHK8-00730-00508564-00510545 NEXT, ZEARN, A K-5 MATH  SERVICES, LARGELY USED  DIGITALLY.
937v-s1fHK8-00731-00510545-00511170 YOU CAN PRINT THEM, BUT DIGITAL  RESOURCES, USING A COMBINATION  OF MAYBE EUREKA MATH, PARTNERED  WITH ZEARN SO  PRINT
937v-s1fHK8-00732-00511170-00511414 VERSION AND  THEY'VE DONE REALLY WELL AS FAR  AS K-5 MATH INSTRUCTION.
937v-s1fHK8-00733-00511414-00512295 FINALLY, WE HAVE COMMONLIT.
937v-s1fHK8-00734-00512295-00512555 IT IS  TECHNICALLY SUPPLEMENTAL.
937v-s1fHK8-00735-00512555-00513595 5-12 GRADE.
937v-s1fHK8-00736-00513595-00513714 AND I AM CURRENTLY HELPING WRITE  CURRICULUM WITH A SCHOOL  DISTRICT IN COLORADO FOR ENGLISH  LANGUAGE ARTS AND WE'RE USING A  COMMONLIT
937v-s1fHK8-00737-00513714-00514864 ALLOT.
937v-s1fHK8-00738-00514864-00515930 THE REASON IS BECAUSE WE ASK THE  CENTRAL QUESTIONS FOR EITHER  QUARTER, 6-12 GRADE AND WE'VE  SELECTED A NUMBER OF TEXTED FOR  THE NOVEL
937v-s1fHK8-00739-00515930-00517220 SETS AND WE HAVE  ADDITIONAL TEXT TO PUT IN THERE  LARGELY THROUGH COMMONLIT.
937v-s1fHK8-00740-00517220-00517764 IF WE DO HAVE SPECIFIC TECHS  THAT WE WANT STUDENTS TO USE,  THINKING OF THE TRADITIONAL  CANNON AND THINKING OUTSIDE OR  MORE COMMON UPDATED
937v-s1fHK8-00741-00517764-00518745 YOUNG ADULT  NOVELS, THEY HAVE COMPLEMENTTY  SETS TO USE WITH THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00742-00518745-00519489 THOSE ARE NONFICTION PEOPLES,  THEY COME FROM NPR, CNN,  DIFFERENT NEWS SOURCES I ENJOY  THE COMPLEMENTARY PIECE.
937v-s1fHK8-00743-00519489-00520425 THEY ARE WORKING ON A  COMPREHENSIVE CURRICULUM RIGHT  NOW FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL ENGLISH  LANGUAGE ARTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00744-00520425-00520460 I WAS WITH ONE OF THEIR FOLK AS  COUPLE MONTHS AGO, SEEMS LIKE A  REALLY LONG TIME AGO, THAN IS IN  THE WORKS NOW SO MORE INFO TO  COME ON
937v-s1fHK8-00745-00520460-00520795 THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00746-00520795-00520864 THAT WAS A REALLY, REALLY FAST  RUN DOWN.
937v-s1fHK8-00747-00520864-00521575 >> YES.
937v-s1fHK8-00748-00521575-00522570 YOU KNOW, 20 OR 30,000 PAGES  WORTH OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS  IN 11-MINUTES, SO GOOD JOB.
937v-s1fHK8-00749-00522570-00522700 SO THESE ARE REALLY JUST MEANT  TO BE A PLACE WHERE, IF YOU ARE  LOOKING FOR STUFF TO ADOPT FOR  THE FALL, THESE ARE GOOD  STARTING
937v-s1fHK8-00750-00522700-00523105 PLACES TO LOOK FOR  THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00751-00523105-00523955 YOU KNOW, IT IS REALLY JUST THE  SORT OF TIP OF WHAT IS  AVAILABLE.
937v-s1fHK8-00752-00523955-00524435 THERE IS A HUGE AMOUNT OF  TEACHER AND DISTRICT-CREATED  MATERIALS IN OTHER PLEASES, BUT  THIS IS A GOOD PLACE TO START  FOR THE BIGGEST
937v-s1fHK8-00753-00524435-00525755 PIECE THAT ARE  SORT OF OFF THE SHELF ADOPTABLE.
937v-s1fHK8-00754-00525755-00525905 KRISTINA, IF WE'VE CONVINCED  PEOPLE THAT OER MIGHT BE PART OF  THEM FOR THE FAIL AND TEACHING  GOING FORWARD, WHAT NEXT?
937v-s1fHK8-00755-00525905-00526765 >> SEVERAL THINGS.
937v-s1fHK8-00756-00526765-00527275 I THINK IT IS IMPORTANT TO FIND  PEOPLE AND FIND COMMUNITY  MEMBERS AND COLLABORATORS,  CO-CONSPIRATORSINGS WHATEVER
937v-s1fHK8-00757-00527275-00528190 YOU  WANT TO CALL THEM, AT THE SCHOOL  LEVEL OR DIRECT AREA IN YOUR  AREA.
937v-s1fHK8-00758-00528190-00528890 SAN DIEGO COUNTY, THERE ARE 43  SCHOOL DISTRICTS WHERE DAN IS,  AND HE IS RIGHT NEXT DOOR TO  SAN DIEGO UNIFIED, THE SECOND  LARGEST
937v-s1fHK8-00759-00528890-00529350 DISTRICT IN ALL OF  CALIFORNIA SO 130,000 STUDENTS  WHERE THEY HAVE 16,000 STUDENTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00760-00529350-00529785 SO THERE ARE OPPORTUNITIES TO  COLLABORATE ACROSS DIRECTS AND  COUNTIES AND EVEN WITHIN THE  STATE.
937v-s1fHK8-00761-00529785-00530540 I THINK THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY  FOR US TO FIND THE PEOPLE THAT  ARE INTERESTED IN DOING.
937v-s1fHK8-00762-00530540-00531705 THIS I WOULD ALSO SUGGEST  GETTING INVOLVED IN  CONTENT-SPECIFIC ORGANIZATIONS.
937v-s1fHK8-00763-00531705-00531865 WE ARE ALL WITHIN OUR SPECIFIC  CONTENT AREA WHETHER THAT IS  MATH, ENGLISH, SOCIAL STUDIES,  WHATEVER IT MIGHT BE, THEY EXIST  FOR EACH
937v-s1fHK8-00764-00531865-00532345 OF THOSE AREAS.
937v-s1fHK8-00765-00532345-00533380 WORLD LANGUAGES, NOT TO BE  EXCLUDED, ARTS, ALL OF THEM.
937v-s1fHK8-00766-00533380-00534050 LET'S HAVE CONVERSATIONS AROUND  OER BECAUSE WE KNOW THAT MOST  9th GRADE TEACHERS ARE  TEACHING X AND Y SO LET'S' NOT  REINVENT THE WHEEL.
937v-s1fHK8-00767-00534050-00535250 THEY HAVE READ, WRITE, THINK,  WHICH IS A COLLABORATION BETWEEN  THEM AND THE INTERNATIONAL  LITERACY ASSOCIATION.
937v-s1fHK8-00768-00535250-00535720 WE ARE IN  CONVERSATION WITH THEM RIGHT  NOW, AND IT IS EXCITING.
937v-s1fHK8-00769-00535720-00536040 THEY'VE ALSO HAD THAT  CONVERSATION IN THE MATH WORLD,  SO THAT IS EXCITING TO SEE.
937v-s1fHK8-00770-00536040-00536845 LASTLY, ADVOCATE AT THE STATE  AND FEDERAL LEVEL.
937v-s1fHK8-00771-00536845-00537540 AS I MENTIONED AT THE VERY  BEGINNING, IT IS REIMPORTANT TO  BE INVOLVED IN THIS RIGHT NOW  BECAUSE THERE IS MONEY THERE  WILL BE MONEY
937v-s1fHK8-00772-00537540-00538550 IN THE CARES ACT  WHERE THIS WILL BE CONSIDERED AS  FAR AT THE INSTRUCTION MATERIALS  SO IT IS REALLY IMPORTANT THAT  EDUCATORS, YOU MAY
937v-s1fHK8-00773-00538550-00539005 NOT THINK  YOUR VOICE WILL BE HEARD BUT IT  SO CRITICAL, WHETHER YOU'RE  MAKING PHONE CALLS, SENDING  E-MAILS OR LETTERS TO THE STATE  EDUCATION
937v-s1fHK8-00774-00539005-00539660 AGENCIES, HOW THEY MAY  APPROACH THIS, IT IS REALLY  IMPORTANT TO ADVOCATE FOR THIS.
937v-s1fHK8-00775-00539660-00539840 WE WILL CONTINUE TO DO THAT AT  THE FEDERAL LEVEL, BUT AT THE  STATE LEVEL, IT IS REALLY  IMPORTANT AND THEY CAN THINK  ABOUT HOW THEY WANT
937v-s1fHK8-00776-00539840-00539970 TO USE THAT,  FOR SURE.
937v-s1fHK8-00777-00539970-00540800 >> THANK YOU, KRISTINA.
937v-s1fHK8-00778-00540800-00541160 SO WE'LL GO TO THE LAST SIDE  NOW.
937v-s1fHK8-00779-00541160-00541445 I DON'T SEE ANY QUESTIONS BUT IF  YOU HAVE ONE, DROP IT IN.
937v-s1fHK8-00780-00541445-00542315 TODAY IS THE FIRST PIECE ABOUT  HOW TO FIND OER.
937v-s1fHK8-00781-00542315-00542885 NEXT WEEK, WE'RE GOING TO TAKE A  DEEPER DIVE ON CREATING OER,  EITHER CREATING IT FROM SCRATCH  OR DOING A REALLY SORT OF LARGER  SCALE
937v-s1fHK8-00782-00542885-00543820 ADAPTATION AND REMIX, SO  WE'LL TALK ABOUT THE PROCESS FOR  DOING THAT.
937v-s1fHK8-00783-00543820-00543990 WE'LL TALK ABOUT HOW FAIR USE  CAN ENABLE TO YOU BRING IN THIRD  PARTY MATERIALS, LIKE  ILLUSTRATIONS OR QUOTATIONS OR  EXCERPTS.
937v-s1fHK8-00784-00543990-00545350 WE WILL ALSO TALK ABOUT THE  FUNDING FOR.
937v-s1fHK8-00785-00545350-00545885 THAT HOW, FOR MANY DIRECTS WHEN  YOU'RE FACING A FUNDING CRUNCH,  RIGHT NOW WE HAVE A FUNDING  CRUNCH THIS FALL, MONEY THAT HAS  BEEN TRADITIONALLY
937v-s1fHK8-00786-00545885-00546620 SPENT ON  TEXTBOOKS CAN BE MOVED TO PAY  TEACHERS FOR SPECIAL ASSIGN.
937v-s1fHK8-00787-00546620-00547095 YOU HAVE A LOWER OVER ALL  BUDGET, IT IS GOING TO PAY  TEACHERS AND NOT PUBLISHING.
937v-s1fHK8-00788-00547095-00547620 ALL OF THAT CAN BE COVERED IN  THE CREATING AND ADAPT OER  WEBINAR.
937v-s1fHK8-00789-00547620-00548120 THE RECORD FORGET THIS WEBINAR  WILL ALSO BE UP AT THAT LINK, AS  WILL THE SLIDES.
937v-s1fHK8-00790-00548120-00548960 AND A LINK TO REQUEST A  CERTIFICATE OF ATTENDANCE.
937v-s1fHK8-00791-00548960-00549115 THERE'S SOME -- THERE IS SOME  INFORMATION THAT'S BEEN SHARED  IN THE CHAT ABOUT SOME FULL  COURSE MATH AND ELA THAT WASN'T  IN THE ORIGINAL
937v-s1fHK8-00792-00549115-00549720 SET OF SLIDES.
937v-s1fHK8-00793-00549720-00550285 I'M GOING TO ANSWER THAT IN THE  CHAT, BUT WE'LL ALSO UPDATE THE  SLIDES WITH THAT, AS WELL.
937v-s1fHK8-00794-00550285-00550865 IT IS FROM BARBARA, WHO IS A  CHAMPION OF OER IN WASHINGTON.
937v-s1fHK8-00795-00550865-00551265 AND WHO DOESN'T KNOW IT YET BUT  I'M GOING TO E-MAIL TO ASK TO BE  ON NEXT WEEK'S WEBINAR.
937v-s1fHK8-00796-00551265-00552310 AND THANK YOU ALL FOR JOINING  US.
937v-s1fHK8-00797-00552310-00552935 IF ANY OF THE OTHER PANELISTS  HAVE ANYTHING THEY WOULD LIKE TO  ADD BEFORE WE SAY GOOD-BYE, NOW  IS YOUR MOMENT.
937v-s1fHK8-00798-00552935-00553555 BUT THANK YOU FOR JOINING US AND  FOR THE TIME THAT YOU TOOK TO BE  WITH US.
937v-s1fHK8-00799-00553555-00553800 THANKS AGAIN.
937v-s1fHK8-00800-00553800-00553855 I'LL SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.
937v-s1fHK8-00801-00553855-00554055 BYE.
94ooRPvW1s8-00000-00000048-00000824 chrome doge has 69 subscribers. this means chrome doge is sus it is supposed to be sus,
94ooRPvW1s8-00001-00000888-00001704 as you can see, the video titled is here. oh my gosh. i really like the coded zero that i added.
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97mX0a3kcfY-00000-00000000-00001116 Duet Ocarina challenge ♪ 1 month ⑤ "If I could play the piano" Toshiyuki Nishida
97oScsHv3Gg-00000-00000000-00000050 (Lay) We are done building
97oScsHv3Gg-00001-00000050-00000304 (Lay)an underground house, guys.
97oScsHv3Gg-00002-00000304-00000404 (Lay)so he will stop being mad
97oScsHv3Gg-00003-00000404-00000501 (Lay) Before introducing the title of this clip
97oScsHv3Gg-00004-00000514-00000682 (Lay) I want to announce an important news
97oScsHv3Gg-00005-00000682-00000800 (Lay) As you guys can see, Miss Vibo only appears once in a while
97oScsHv3Gg-00006-00000808-00001104 (Lay) because it's very sunny here and we normally shoot around 11-12 noon
97oScsHv3Gg-00007-00001104-00001296 (Lay) Girls are afraid of the sun heat, so she only appears once in a while
97oScsHv3Gg-00008-00001304-00001600 (Lay) But there is a rumor that Miss Vibo will sacrifice to help us shoot this video today
97oScsHv3Gg-00009-00001600-00001992 (Ket) That means this episode is special because Vibo is afraid of the sun heat
97oScsHv3Gg-00010-00001992-00002112 (Lay) Hey what is that?
97oScsHv3Gg-00011-00002344-00002912 (Ket) Move aside, let me block it for you
97oScsHv3Gg-00012-00002920-00003096 (Lay) Now I will think of an idea for today's clip
97oScsHv3Gg-00013-00003176-00003256 (Lay) What is the trend on Youtube nowadays, guys?
97oScsHv3Gg-00014-00003256-00003576 (Lay) Many Youtubers are making clip of sleeping underground
97oScsHv3Gg-00015-00003576-00003624 (Ket) Are you crazy?
97oScsHv3Gg-00016-00003624-00004096 (Ket) Do you know that there are many reptiles under the ground, we would end up sleeping with them down there
97oScsHv3Gg-00017-00004096-00004264 (Ket) oh yeah, I really am a fool
97oScsHv3Gg-00018-00004400-00004600 (Ket) Oh shit, don't tell me he is going to sleep under the ground
97oScsHv3Gg-00019-00004608-00004744 (Lay) Why sleep underground when you have a house
97oScsHv3Gg-00020-00004976-00005112 (Lay) That's right, we will build a house under the ground
97oScsHv3Gg-00021-00005328-00005592 (Ket) Hey Laytivi, my wife is gonna give birth today so let me go
97oScsHv3Gg-00022-00005592-00005712 (Lay) Ok you may go
97oScsHv3Gg-00023-00005800-00005984 ( Kan) Hey Laytivi. What?
97oScsHv3Gg-00024-00005992-00006208 (Kan) I've been standing under the sun so I have a headache now, can I go take a rest?
97oScsHv3Gg-00025-00006208-00006304 (Lay) wear a hat
97oScsHv3Gg-00026-00006528-00006592 (Lay) You are not going anywhere
97oScsHv3Gg-00027-00006680-00006856 (Kan) I should've said I was sick instead
97oScsHv3Gg-00028-00007264-00007480 (Lay) We will dig my mother's garden to build an underground house
97oScsHv3Gg-00029-00007495-00007736 (Kan) There is no tool to dig, let's just quit
97oScsHv3Gg-00030-00007744-00007976 (Lay) I haven't thought about that. We have to quit guys
97oScsHv3Gg-00031-00007984-00008392 (Lay) There is no other way to do it, so disappointed guys
97oScsHv3Gg-00032-00008400-00008672 (Lay) When you have an idea, you should get it done
97oScsHv3Gg-00033-00008736-00009064 (Lay) Cannot be done...but...Tools
97oScsHv3Gg-00034-00009624-00009856 (Kan) The other day we made a chicken coop, it took a little time but lots of mosquito bites
97oScsHv3Gg-00035-00009856-00009992 (Kan ) Spray on me, Trung. This has to be sprayed on your skin guys
97oScsHv3Gg-00036-00009992-00010448 (Kan) Have you sprayed? Yes. Are you crazy? Why did you spray this bottle on you?
97oScsHv3Gg-00037-00010456-00010712 (Kan) The one I use if for derma care. You'll die if you spray that on you
97oScsHv3Gg-00038-00010768-00011216 (Kan) Good thing I noticed it early. Else, if he sprayed on himself then
97oScsHv3Gg-00039-00011216-00011288 (Kan) He is dead
97oScsHv3Gg-00040-00011376-00011608 (Lay) First, in order to build a house, we need to clean this place up
97oScsHv3Gg-00041-00012208-00012328 (Lay) Let's clean this place up guys
97oScsHv3Gg-00042-00012520-00012752 (Lay) Good news guys. This is the last pot we need to move then we are done
97oScsHv3Gg-00043-00012816-00013152 (Lay) You guys move it, this belongs to my mom. It's quite heavy so be careful you might break it
97oScsHv3Gg-00044-00013176-00013304 (Lay)123 Let's move together
97oScsHv3Gg-00045-00013360-00013600 (Lay) 123
97oScsHv3Gg-00046-00013656-00013880 (Lay) Nevermind, I will just do it myself. These are precious to my mom
97oScsHv3Gg-00047-00014640-00014912 (Kan) As you guys can see, this land is very hard so we need to use water
97oScsHv3Gg-00048-00014912-00015008 (Kan) Trung, get me the water
97oScsHv3Gg-00049-00015072-00015152 (Trung) Here is the water
97oScsHv3Gg-00050-00015152-00015408 (Kan) Water for land, not for drinking. Is this for drinking? let me drink
97oScsHv3Gg-00051-00015544-00015712 (Kan) What kind of water is this? tasty. Don't you see the potty?
97oScsHv3Gg-00052-00015904-00016176 (Kan) Water this place, we will dig here later
97oScsHv3Gg-00053-00016496-00017072 (Kan) Let me show you.( Lay) Show me. Three simple steps. Dig, press and scoop
97oScsHv3Gg-00054-00017128-00017472 (Kan) Dig, press
97oScsHv3Gg-00055-00017664-00017744 (Kan) Scoop
97oScsHv3Gg-00056-00017744-00017984 (Lay) Guys, they are digging out there, I will troll them
97oScsHv3Gg-00057-00018008-00018336 (Lay) I will ask them to carry the pot with me, then I will remove my hand so only two of them will carry.
97oScsHv3Gg-00058-00018336-00018456 (Lay) The pot is very heavy, let's watch them fall
97oScsHv3Gg-00059-00018608-00018834 (Kan) This is blocking the way, carry it away.123 go
97oScsHv3Gg-00060-00019100-00019302 (Lay) Let's dig now, guys
97oScsHv3Gg-00061-00019654-00019874 (Kan ) There is a brick, help me get it, Laytivi
97oScsHv3Gg-00062-00020218-00020517 (lay) There are too many mosquitoes out there guys, we need to spray
97oScsHv3Gg-00063-00020518-00020630 (Lay)  Hey, the mosquito is biting you
97oScsHv3Gg-00064-00020630-00020902 (Lay) Where is it? help me spray
97oScsHv3Gg-00065-00021268-00021348 (Lay) King mosquito
97oScsHv3Gg-00066-00021384-00021496 (Lay) Just a little digging and we got lots of bruises already.
97oScsHv3Gg-00067-00021972-00022410 (Lay) Hey kids, don't step on the vegetables, move aside. Yes, that's right
97oScsHv3Gg-00068-00022748-00023260 (Kan) So tired of digging. It's my turn to dig, move aside
97oScsHv3Gg-00069-00023574-00023924 (Lay) I've hit some kind of pipe. Oh no, the water is splashing.
97oScsHv3Gg-00070-00024110-00024392 (Lay) You've hit the water pipe. Mom, our water pipe is broken.
97oScsHv3Gg-00071-00024586-00024804 (Ket) Quang, let's take a break and take a shower
97oScsHv3Gg-00072-00024916-00025208 (Lay) Ok guys, we will take a break for showering. you are not coming for a shower?
97oScsHv3Gg-00073-00025916-00026206 (Kan) What are you doing Laytivi. Digging
97oScsHv3Gg-00074-00026302-00026606 (Kan) oh damn it
97oScsHv3Gg-00075-00026970-00027272 (Kan) Who asked you to come here. Who asked you to come here
97oScsHv3Gg-00076-00028098-00028226 (Kan) ( Lay) 1 2 3
97oScsHv3Gg-00077-00028794-00029095 (Lay) Today my fans coming over to watch me shooting video clip. I want to give them a surprised gift.
97oScsHv3Gg-00078-00029116-00029326 (Lay) Open your hand
97oScsHv3Gg-00079-00029488-00029548 Earth worm
97oScsHv3Gg-00080-00030402-00030638 (Lay) Whose slipper is this?. Whose slipper?
97oScsHv3Gg-00081-00031624-00031898 (Lay) Why are they running so fast?
97oScsHv3Gg-00082-00032074-00032368 (Ket) Watta.(Lay) Let's continue, these kids have small guts
97oScsHv3Gg-00083-00033738-00034058 (Lay) Tell them Quang. Guys, we have digged up to here and it has groundwater. Hey, your mom is looking for you.
97oScsHv3Gg-00084-00034318-00034506 (Lay) Ok let's start shooting, Quang
97oScsHv3Gg-00085-00034682-00034906 (Lay) Oh my, why so many of you...leave leave
97oScsHv3Gg-00086-00035064-00035350 (Lay) Ok they left. Let's start shooting. Ok let's start.
97oScsHv3Gg-00087-00036780-00036934 I will throw this at brother Quang
97oScsHv3Gg-00088-00037480-00037549 (Lay) Let's start. Continue digging.
97oScsHv3Gg-00089-00037834-00038020 (Lay) Ok we will continue digging
97oScsHv3Gg-00090-00039150-00039336 (Ket) We are removing the mud, who asked you to stand here
97oScsHv3Gg-00091-00039364-00039454 (Lay) Damn you
97oScsHv3Gg-00092-00039606-00039854 (Kan) Let me give you a hand. I feel sorry for you down there
97oScsHv3Gg-00093-00039904-00040210 (Kan) Hey you hand is stink and dirty I will not hold it. Use this instead.
97oScsHv3Gg-00094-00040338-00040438 (Kan) Hold the top part
97oScsHv3Gg-00095-00040762-00041118 (Lay) So tired of digging, let's take a break. I will take my revenge on Quang, ask him to seat beside you
97oScsHv3Gg-00096-00041620-00041852 (Lay) Hey I feel sorry trolling them. Are you ok Quang?
97oScsHv3Gg-00097-00042006-00042332 (Lay) Quang is angry guys, he went seating at the corner. We've crossed the line
97oScsHv3Gg-00098-00042502-00042686 (Kan) You guys are too much, I don't wanna hang out with you guys anymore
97oScsHv3Gg-00099-00042834-00043106 (Lay) He is really angry, guys. Maybe we have to give him a gift so he won't be angry at us
97oScsHv3Gg-00100-00043584-00043755 (Kan) Really? even the tree did this to me?
97oScsHv3Gg-00101-00043820-00044002 (Kan) We did a hole and now we cannot walk
97oScsHv3Gg-00102-00044002-00044300 (Kan) Why are you so stupid? Just jump over the hole. Jump over, right?
97oScsHv3Gg-00103-00044300-00044510 (Kan) Be a man. Jump. Jump
97oScsHv3Gg-00104-00044696-00044900 (Lay) See, so simple. It's your turn Quang
97oScsHv3Gg-00105-00045102-00045208 (Lay) It's my turn
97oScsHv3Gg-00106-00045430-00045910 (Lay) We digged deep and we found clay. This is dried clay. This is wet clay. This is.
97oScsHv3Gg-00107-00046018-00046246 (Lay) Open you Pant. What for?
97oScsHv3Gg-00108-00046380-00046640 (Lay) Hey, help me get the shovel, Laytivi. sure.
97oScsHv3Gg-00109-00047148-00047506 (Lay) Now we need to buy more tools, we've washed our faces before we come here. When you are on the street you need to look decent
97oScsHv3Gg-00110-00047644-00048108 (Lay) Quang Quang Quang look at Trung's pant. So dirty and you bring it to other's store
97oScsHv3Gg-00111-00048396-00048604 (Lay) Quang Quang Quang Do you feel itchy at your back?
97oScsHv3Gg-00112-00048704-00048866 (Kan) I already took a shower, don't feel itchy at all
97oScsHv3Gg-00113-00048928-00049058 (Kan) I'm so clean.(Lay)  yeah so clean
97oScsHv3Gg-00114-00049176-00049406 (Lay) We are done buying. We will show you guys here
97oScsHv3Gg-00115-00049432-00049904 (Lay) We bought these bamboo sticks for the pillar of the house, and these 2 zinc coils are for the roof and cover
97oScsHv3Gg-00116-00049928-00050136 (Lay) We forgot the floor
97oScsHv3Gg-00117-00050302-00050396 (Lay) We've got something for the floor
97oScsHv3Gg-00118-00050430-00050741 (Lay) Guys, I found this at the bottom of the electric pole, we can use this as flooring
97oScsHv3Gg-00119-00050800-00050966 (Lay) But there is some kind of liquid sticking on it
97oScsHv3Gg-00120-00050976-00051138 (Kan) Why is there liquid at the electric pole?
97oScsHv3Gg-00121-00051198-00051450 (Lay) Of course, people pee on it
97oScsHv3Gg-00122-00051586-00051728 (Lay) My brother and Quang are installing the bamboo sticks for pillar
97oScsHv3Gg-00123-00051804-00052094 (Lay) The bamboo sticks are now installed. They are very sturdy for Pillar
97oScsHv3Gg-00124-00052246-00052402 (Lay) You have to install it like this so it will be sturdy
97oScsHv3Gg-00125-00052460-00052622 (Lay)  Why is it not sturdy? Why are you installing the small one?
97oScsHv3Gg-00126-00052702-00052932 (Ket) It has groundwater below. Don't you hear the sound of water running down there?
97oScsHv3Gg-00127-00052998-00053102 (Lay) I don't hear anything
97oScsHv3Gg-00128-00054300-00054608 (Lay) We are done installing the 4 pillars. We will cover it with the zinc coils
97oScsHv3Gg-00129-00054626-00054908 (Lay) Do you see my brother scratching? There are lots of mosquitoes here and my brother is wearing short
97oScsHv3Gg-00130-00054934-00055224 (Lay) I don't think he is smart. I'm wearing long sleeve and pant today
97oScsHv3Gg-00131-00055646-00055705 (Lay ) Damn you
97oScsHv3Gg-00132-00056384-00056644 (Lay) Ok we are done. After half an hour my brother finished covering the house
97oScsHv3Gg-00133-00056682-00056782 (Ket) What now?
97oScsHv3Gg-00134-00056852-00057066 (Ket) Quang help me, Quang
97oScsHv3Gg-00135-00057329-00057462 (Kan) How do we get out now?
97oScsHv3Gg-00136-00057500-00057704 (Lay) Once done, I will show you guys. You guys will be surprised
97oScsHv3Gg-00137-00057717-00057878 (Lay) First I need to find a way in
97oScsHv3Gg-00138-00058005-00058304 (Lay) Are you stupid? the way in is right in front of you
97oScsHv3Gg-00139-00058316-00058404 (Lay) Oh I know I know I know
97oScsHv3Gg-00140-00058944-00059294 (Lay) It's ok guys. I'm good to sacrify a bit to achieve my purpose
97oScsHv3Gg-00141-00059550-00059712 (Kan)(Lay) I alos achieved my purpose
97oScsHv3Gg-00142-00059794-00059934 (Lay) We are done building an underground house, guys.
99kTQfw9Te0-00000-00000006-00000480 - Other two, the medium and the fine.
99kTQfw9Te0-00001-00000579-00000717 I'm gonna let you handle those.
99kTQfw9Te0-00002-00000717-00000984 I'm gonna go ahead and get to the calculations now
99kTQfw9Te0-00003-00000984-00001308 and the calculations I'm showing right here.
99kTQfw9Te0-00004-00001308-00001617 The first one is calculate the %TDS coffee
99kTQfw9Te0-00005-00001617-00001989 using the equation that you got from the previous activity.
99kTQfw9Te0-00006-00001989-00002187 And that's from the trend line of your graph
99kTQfw9Te0-00007-00002187-00002538 of refractive index and sub D.
99kTQfw9Te0-00008-00002538-00002760 Although my D needs to be sub to there
99kTQfw9Te0-00009-00002760-00003018 versus %TDS coffee.
99kTQfw9Te0-00010-00003018-00003236 So for my example,
99kTQfw9Te0-00011-00003236-00003711 I got y equals
99kTQfw9Te0-00012-00003711-00003840 0.00188x
99kTQfw9Te0-00013-00004296-00004785 plus 1.33252.
99kTQfw9Te0-00014-00004890-00005184 And I'm just gonna take that last 2 off,
99kTQfw9Te0-00015-00005289-00005748 because of something scientific called significant figures
99kTQfw9Te0-00016-00005748-00006030 that we don't really talk about in this class.
99kTQfw9Te0-00017-00006030-00006390 But now, if you'll remember
99kTQfw9Te0-00018-00006390-00006795 so my refractive index was my y value
99kTQfw9Te0-00019-00006795-00007269 and my x value was %TDS coffee.
99kTQfw9Te0-00020-00007500-00007734 And what I've got
99kTQfw9Te0-00021-00007944-00008091 as I thought I had enough space there.
99kTQfw9Te0-00022-00008091-00008427 Let's see, so my measurement
99kTQfw9Te0-00023-00008427-00008820 for my coarse coffee was 1.3339.
99kTQfw9Te0-00024-00008820-00009084 That was my refractive index.
99kTQfw9Te0-00025-00009084-00009444 So 1.3339 and you can see
99kTQfw9Te0-00026-00009444-00009726 that's got four decimal places
99kTQfw9Te0-00027-00009726-00009843 and that's part of the reason why
99kTQfw9Te0-00028-00009843-00010074 I've got four decimal places here.
99kTQfw9Te0-00029-00010074-00010158 (instructor coughs)
99kTQfw9Te0-00030-00010158-00010241 Excuse me.
99kTQfw9Te0-00031-00010335-00010617 I'm gonna sub that in for my y value
99kTQfw9Te0-00032-00010617-00010762 equals 0.00188x
99kTQfw9Te0-00033-00011112-00011538 plus 1. and I'll try and stay on the page here,
99kTQfw9Te0-00034-00011538-00011703 3325.
99kTQfw9Te0-00035-00011964-00012147 And then I wanna solve for my x,
99kTQfw9Te0-00036-00012147-00012426 'cause my x is gonna be my %TDS
99kTQfw9Te0-00037-00012426-00012657 total dissolved solids coffee.
99kTQfw9Te0-00038-00012657-00012772 I'm gonna subtract
99kTQfw9Te0-00039-00013287-00013779 my value here from both sides.
99kTQfw9Te0-00040-00013869-00013981 That gives me
99kTQfw9Te0-00041-00014463-00014963 1.3339 minus 1.3325.
99kTQfw9Te0-00042-00015024-00015283 That gives me 0.0014
99kTQfw9Te0-00043-00015678-00016059 and that's gonna be equal to this side over here.
99kTQfw9Te0-00044-00016833-00017332 And then I can divide through by this number 0.00188
99kTQfw9Te0-00045-00017583-00017695 on both sides
99kTQfw9Te0-00046-00018021-00018204 to solve for my x value.
99kTQfw9Te0-00047-00018357-00018727 So I divide that by 0.00188
99kTQfw9Te0-00048-00018852-00019344 and I get 0.74 beyond, beyond, beyond.
99kTQfw9Te0-00049-00019344-00019644 And 'cause I know I have two digits here
99kTQfw9Te0-00050-00019644-00019906 I am just gonna go with 0.74
99kTQfw9Te0-00051-00020124-00020596 and that is my %TDS coffee,
99kTQfw9Te0-00052-00020757-00021105 my percent total dissolved solids of my coffee,
99kTQfw9Te0-00053-00021105-00021441 estimated using the handheld refractometer.
99kTQfw9Te0-00054-00021441-00021846 And I went with 0.74, the next digit was a 4.
99kTQfw9Te0-00055-00021846-00022346 Had it been a 5, I would've rounded the 0.74 up to 0.75.
99kTQfw9Te0-00056-00022398-00022668 We will follow basic rounding rules here.
99kTQfw9Te0-00057-00022962-00023202 Now that took up a little more space than I thought,
99kTQfw9Te0-00058-00023202-00023403 but I think we can still see the next step.
99kTQfw9Te0-00059-00023403-00023802 It says calculate the mass of the brew m coffee
99kTQfw9Te0-00060-00023802-00023991 and for that it's going to be
99kTQfw9Te0-00061-00023991-00024378 mass of Clever Dripper filter ground coffee
99kTQfw9Te0-00062-00024378-00024875 for me, that was 277.9
99kTQfw9Te0-00063-00025170-00025577 minus mass of Clever Dripper filter 254.2.
99kTQfw9Te0-00064-00026183-00026356 I get 277.9 minus 254.2
99kTQfw9Te0-00065-00026863-00026946 23.7 grams
99kTQfw9Te0-00066-00027273-00027666 and I was shooting for
99kTQfw9Te0-00067-00027666-00027918 23.3 grams there.
99kTQfw9Te0-00068-00028145-00028395 So not too bad.
99kTQfw9Te0-00069-00028614-00029031 Calculate mass of solution, my mass of brew.
99kTQfw9Te0-00070-00029373-00029873 Oh sorry, that should say calculate the mass of coffee.
99kTQfw9Te0-00071-00030300-00030504 Looks like I was cutting and pasting something here.
99kTQfw9Te0-00072-00030504-00030679 Calculate the mass of the brew
99kTQfw9Te0-00073-00030858-00031358 and that's gonna be mass of coffee cup brew
99kTQfw9Te0-00074-00031437-00031937 4.710 grams minus massive coffee cup
99kTQfw9Te0-00075-00032064-00032199 which is 1.51.
99kTQfw9Te0-00076-00032427-00032560 And I get for that
99kTQfw9Te0-00077-00032714-00033215 4.710 minus 1.51
99kTQfw9Te0-00078-00033387-00033729 I get 3.20 technically, 0.0 grams
99kTQfw9Te0-00079-00033729-00034020 'cause I do have 0.0 on both of those.
99kTQfw9Te0-00080-00034020-00034520 Brew, I have 23.7 grams of coffee,
99kTQfw9Te0-00081-00034704-00034839 for a ground coffee.
99kTQfw9Te0-00082-00035010-00035510 And this is actually, I'm actually very excited doing this,
99kTQfw9Te0-00083-00035574-00035841 because these calculations
99kTQfw9Te0-00084-00035841-00036117 that lead to the percent extraction PE
99kTQfw9Te0-00085-00036117-00036270 are pretty cool for me,
99kTQfw9Te0-00086-00036270-00036564 'cause they work very well, surprisingly well,
99kTQfw9Te0-00087-00036564-00036705 I'm happy to say.
99kTQfw9Te0-00088-00036705-00037205 All right, so now we have %TDS coffee that's 0.74
99kTQfw9Te0-00089-00037560-00038060 and I have my mass of my brew, which is 320.0 grams.
99kTQfw9Te0-00090-00038355-00038751 And so, what I wanna know now for number 4
99kTQfw9Te0-00091-00038751-00039037 is the mass of the coffee solids in the brew
99kTQfw9Te0-00092-00039132-00039346 and that's gonna be my x
99kTQfw9Te0-00093-00039441-00039858 and I can cross-multiply, I'll write this out down here,
99kTQfw9Te0-00094-00039858-00040263 so it's gonna be 0.74 over 1
99kTQfw9Te0-00095-00040263-00040758 equals x, my mass of my coffee solids in brew
99kTQfw9Te0-00096-00040758-00041258 over my mass of my brew times 100%.
99kTQfw9Te0-00097-00041331-00041794 And then that 100, I'm just gonna say 100x on the top there
99kTQfw9Te0-00098-00042012-00042171 that goes on the top.
99kTQfw9Te0-00099-00042171-00042354 So when I cross multiply this out
99kTQfw9Te0-00100-00042354-00042837 I get 0.74 times 3.20
99kTQfw9Te0-00101-00043191-00043384 equals 100x
99kTQfw9Te0-00102-00043575-00043780 divide both sides by 100
99kTQfw9Te0-00103-00043899-00044227 and my x, well let's multiply this out.
99kTQfw9Te0-00104-00044227-00044727 0.74 times 3.20 divided by 100,
99kTQfw9Te0-00105-00044770-00045003 I get 2.368.
99kTQfw9Te0-00106-00045273-00045699 And even though I only had two digits right here
99kTQfw9Te0-00107-00045699-00046080 besides the zero, I'm gonna keep all of these just for now.
99kTQfw9Te0-00108-00046080-00046362 And yeah, I'm still on the page there.
99kTQfw9Te0-00109-00046362-00046767 Grams of coffee, solids and brew.
99kTQfw9Te0-00110-00047241-00047601 So out of that coffee that we started with,
99kTQfw9Te0-00111-00047601-00047805 which I still have right here
99kTQfw9Te0-00112-00047805-00048060 and this is what it looks like afterwards.
99kTQfw9Te0-00113-00048216-00048606 Yuck, no, still a lot of coffee in here,
99kTQfw9Te0-00114-00048606-00048819 because we didn't extract it all,
99kTQfw9Te0-00115-00048819-00049098 'cause it was so coarsely ground.
99kTQfw9Te0-00116-00049224-00049434 So that actually still smells pretty good.
99kTQfw9Te0-00117-00049605-00050052 Okay, so now our last step, which is our percent extraction
99kTQfw9Te0-00118-00050052-00050541 for our percent extraction we need are coffee solids removed
99kTQfw9Te0-00119-00050541-00050832 from the dry coffee grounds,
99kTQfw9Te0-00120-00050832-00051104 which is the coffee solids in brew.
99kTQfw9Te0-00121-00051104-00051432 Everything that came out of the coffee beans,
99kTQfw9Te0-00122-00051432-00051546 that's this part,
99kTQfw9Te0-00123-00051546-00051846 went into the brew, that's this part.
99kTQfw9Te0-00124-00051846-00052102 So that's why it's gonna be my 2.368
99kTQfw9Te0-00125-00052389-00052830 over my mass of dry grounds, and did I call it that?
99kTQfw9Te0-00126-00053166-00053478 I called it mass of coffee before
99kTQfw9Te0-00127-00053478-00053688 and will probably have to fix that.
99kTQfw9Te0-00128-00053816-00054316 So my mass of dry grounds is my 23.7 grams.
99kTQfw9Te0-00129-00054696-00054957 And so now, I'm just gonna divide these two
99kTQfw9Te0-00130-00054957-00055122 multiply times 100.
99kTQfw9Te0-00131-00055590-00055863 I get, let's see,
99kTQfw9Te0-00132-00055863-00056307 2.368 divided by 23.7
99kTQfw9Te0-00133-00056427-00056556 times 100.
99kTQfw9Te0-00134-00056670-00057120 I get 9.99, blah, blah, blah percent.
99kTQfw9Te0-00135-00057228-00057728 And I'm gonna round that to two digits.
99kTQfw9Te0-00136-00057828-00058328 So 10% is my percent extraction,
99kTQfw9Te0-00137-00058995-00059211 which is miserable.
99kTQfw9Te0-00138-00059325-00059515 That's not gonna be good coffee.
99kTQfw9Te0-00139-00059515-00059851 If I come back to my
99kTQfw9Te0-00140-00060171-00060288 here.
99kTQfw9Te0-00141-00060288-00060585 So I wanted 15%,
99kTQfw9Te0-00142-00060585-00061074 I wanted a percent total dissolved solids coffee of 1.3
99kTQfw9Te0-00143-00061074-00061275 to be in this sweet spot.
99kTQfw9Te0-00144-00061275-00061725 I'm shoo way down here at 0.74
99kTQfw9Te0-00145-00061872-00062372 which means that I'm way down here as well, it's 10%.
99kTQfw9Te0-00146-00062403-00062903 So this coffee is not what we would consider a good coffee.
99kTQfw9Te0-00147-00062925-00063054 We expected that.
99kTQfw9Te0-00148-00063054-00063226 That's part of this experiment
99kTQfw9Te0-00149-00063404-00063765 is to make coffee that is not ideal
99kTQfw9Te0-00150-00063765-00064122 and really we wanna keep making better coffee.
99kTQfw9Te0-00151-00064122-00064620 Try the next one is the medium grind.
99kTQfw9Te0-00152-00064620-00064791 That should take us closer to this
99kTQfw9Te0-00153-00064791-00064998 maybe even into this spot.
99kTQfw9Te0-00154-00064998-00065238 That'll be interesting to see where you end up
99kTQfw9Te0-00155-00065238-00065429 for the medium in the fines.
99kTQfw9Te0-00156-00065429-00065697 But you should start coming up here somewhere
99kTQfw9Te0-00157-00065697-00066159 at least in this plot, we're not even in this plot right now
99kTQfw9Te0-00158-00066159-00066489 to and we will see how it works out.
9qmawPRAbiy-00000-00000173-00000929 Hey good morning! it's Friday yes it is Yay! we like Friday you say you like Friday
9qmawPRAbiy-00001-00000929-00001365 is my favorite day Friday is your favorite day. How was workout? workout was
9qmawPRAbiy-00002-00001365-00001955 okay not bad.  did legs did everything I needed to do and then wanted to
9qmawPRAbiy-00003-00001955-00002571 go home. and bizarrely he was done before I was. yes. I did back and bi's today and
9qmawPRAbiy-00004-00002571-00003218 the gym is ridiculously busy yeah because the Western Y is closed and
9qmawPRAbiy-00005-00003218-00003789 so all the people from that facility are using our facility right now and yeah it
9qmawPRAbiy-00006-00003789-00004416 was very very busy. It's been that way all week. yeah but hopefully it'll be better next week because the
9qmawPRAbiy-00007-00004416-00004766 Western Y is going to open back up. good. What are you having for breakfast?
9qmawPRAbiy-00008-00004766-00005361 can you guess? Oatmeal always oatmeal I'm having oatmeal as well and I'm
9qmawPRAbiy-00009-00005361-00005736 having it with fruit in it today as you know I've been getting a little bored
9qmawPRAbiy-00010-00005736-00006198 with it so the fruit and nuts and seeds that we... that Russ always does I
9qmawPRAbiy-00011-00006198-00006611 have been kind of playing with and I have been doing some hummus and eating
9qmawPRAbiy-00012-00006611-00006975 quinoa and doing different things but today I'm gonna go back to oatmeal I
9qmawPRAbiy-00013-00006975-00007404 have reduced my oatmeal serving from half a cup to a third of a cup because
9qmawPRAbiy-00014-00007404-00007800 like I mentioned to you in the summertime I just don't need as much
9qmawPRAbiy-00015-00007800-00008310 food and I think and this is me making stuff up I have not done research and
9qmawPRAbiy-00016-00008310-00008918 science on this but I do know that adult humans do use obviously their brown fat
9qmawPRAbiy-00017-00008918-00009368 cells to create body heat and when it's 90 degrees outside your body is not
9qmawPRAbiy-00018-00009368-00009879 creating body heat... No? so I think that I make up that's why I don't eat as much
9qmawPRAbiy-00019-00009879-00010268 ... as many calories in the summertime I still eat.  yeah you use to like
9qmawPRAbiy-00020-00010268-00010785 the same amount doesn't matter you like to eat. - I do. so this week we've been talking
9qmawPRAbiy-00021-00010785-00011145 about prostate cancer and your diet and how your diet can increase or decrease
9qmawPRAbiy-00022-00011145-00011615 your risk of prostate cancer if your man obviously obviously because if you're
9qmawPRAbiy-00023-00011615-00011921 women you don't have that particular function organ
9qmawPRAbiy-00024-00011921-00012249 so I wanted to do a week in review give you some information
9qmawPRAbiy-00025-00012249-00012919 in case you missed it I told you on Monday that the first concern about diet
9qmawPRAbiy-00026-00012919-00013430 prostate cancer started after World War two when they noticed with the Japanese
9qmawPRAbiy-00027-00013430-00013955 men population they noticed a sevenfold increase nope sorry I'm reading it wrong
9qmawPRAbiy-00028-00013955-00014411 let me make sure I don't read it wrong they noticed a 25 fold increase of prostate
9qmawPRAbiy-00029-00014411-00014891 cancer in Japanese men and that they noticed that coincided with a seven full
9qmawPRAbiy-00030-00014891-00015368 increase of egg consumption a nine-fold increase of meat consumption and a
9qmawPRAbiy-00031-00015368-00015953 20-fold increase of dairy consumption and so good morning Melissa it's good to see you
9qmawPRAbiy-00032-00015953-00016376 that was the first kind of oh maybe diet has something to do with prostate cancer
9qmawPRAbiy-00033-00016376-00016898 because they noticed before that that American men had more prostate cancer
9qmawPRAbiy-00034-00016898-00017359 than they did in in China and Japan and that kind of place but they didn't
9qmawPRAbiy-00035-00017359-00017843 really know why and then after World War two when they noticed oh if they changed
9qmawPRAbiy-00036-00017843-00018247 their diet they started getting the same disease as we do and so then they
9qmawPRAbiy-00037-00018247-00018826 realized that the growth hormone in the bovine growth hormone in dairy is part
9qmawPRAbiy-00038-00018826-00019211 of the problem and we've told you before that milk is designed to take a
9qmawPRAbiy-00039-00019211-00019663 100-pound calf and turn it into a 400-pound cow very quickly as I said in
9qmawPRAbiy-00040-00019663-00020098 very short period of time. very short period of time in about six months maybe a
9qmawPRAbiy-00041-00020098-00020594 little less and so you know if you add that kind of growth factor to humans
9qmawPRAbiy-00042-00020594-00021047 that is going to create a problem and so we talked I'm gonna jump over to what we
9qmawPRAbiy-00043-00021047-00021554 talked about on Thursday which is igf-1 which is a human growth factor that is
9qmawPRAbiy-00044-00021554-00021917 when you're a teenager it's actually pretty high in humans because your body
9qmawPRAbiy-00045-00021917-00022541 is growing you need to create more cells than you're killing off as adults we
9qmawPRAbiy-00046-00022541-00022943 kill off about 50 billion cells a day and we create about 50 billion cells a
9qmawPRAbiy-00047-00022943-00023545 day and whenever your nutrition in days that's what your body uses to create
9qmawPRAbiy-00048-00023545-00023938 those cells so if your nutrition intake is horrible then those cells get built
9qmawPRAbiy-00049-00023938-00024416 with horrible nutrition are you okay? yeah I just had to cough didn't want to do it on camera okay.
9qmawPRAbiy-00050-00024416-00024831 We don't have a cough button but if you turned a cough button on they wouldn't be able to hear
9qmawPRAbiy-00051-00024831-00025386 me and that would be a problem so oh so you don't want your igf-1 high as an
9qmawPRAbiy-00052-00025386-00025710 adult because that means what ends up happening is you don't kill off as many
9qmawPRAbiy-00053-00025710-00026154 cells as you build and then that's what leads to tumors it's particularly tumors
9qmawPRAbiy-00054-00026154-00026475 that can turn into cancer so obviously you don't want that to
9qmawPRAbiy-00055-00026475-00027053 happen and the other thing too is that now they do inject you know so most milk
9qmawPRAbiy-00056-00027053-00027452 comes from pregnant cows so it has all those hormones in it then they inject
9qmawPRAbiy-00057-00027452-00027951 the cows with additional hormones to help them create more milk because the
9qmawPRAbiy-00058-00027951-00028287 average cow generally on its own will create about a gallon of milk a day
9qmawPRAbiy-00059-00028287-00028710 that's about how much milk of calf needs but now Holsteins which is the black and
9qmawPRAbiy-00060-00028710-00029136 white cows that produce milk they produce about six gallons of milk a day
9qmawPRAbiy-00061-00029136-00029702 thank you humans for engineering engineering yeah exactly so and so that
9qmawPRAbiy-00062-00029702-00030081 doesn't do you any favors and we also mentioned that you know drinking milk
9qmawPRAbiy-00063-00030081-00030638 does not increase sorry decrease your risk of hip fractures that you know the
9qmawPRAbiy-00064-00030638-00031094 whole idea that the calcium in milk is necessary is a myth doesn't seem to be it
9qmawPRAbiy-00065-00031094-00031641 doesn't hold up in in the lab at all so then we talked about the two things that
9qmawPRAbiy-00066-00031641-00031941 are probably the highest risk for prostate cancer that you can put in your
9qmawPRAbiy-00067-00031941-00032493 diet and that's eggs and poultry so if you're eating eggs or chicken or turkey
9qmawPRAbiy-00068-00032493-00032958 or you know whatever poultry that's going to increase your risk Harvard
9qmawPRAbiy-00069-00032958-00033486 University did a study that found that those are not good things if you have as
9qmawPRAbiy-00070-00033486-00033963 much as let's see if you eat less than even a single egg a day it getting
9qmawPRAbiy-00071-00033963-00034488 increases your risk of prostate cancer progression by two times so we told you
9qmawPRAbiy-00072-00034488-00034844 the difference between getting prostate cancer cells which are the
9qmawPRAbiy-00073-00034844-00035175 little foci which is that you know the cell doesn't replicate correctly and
9qmawPRAbiy-00074-00035175-00035526 then your body says oh that didn't work and it kind of stops it and you end
9qmawPRAbiy-00075-00035526-00036044 up with a little foci spot and 50% of men have that by age 50 80 percent by
9qmawPRAbiy-00076-00036044-00036503 age 80 and that that's kind of normal like that yep the body creates those
9qmawPRAbiy-00077-00036503-00036834 little things and then says oh wait that didn't work what you want your body to
9qmawPRAbiy-00078-00036834-00037299 do is stop those and just have them sit their eggs and poultry make those little
9qmawPRAbiy-00079-00037299-00037871 cells not stop and then you end up with cancer they grow so you know if you
9qmawPRAbiy-00080-00037871-00038258 want to avoid prostate cancer avoiding eggs and poultry are gonna you know do
9qmawPRAbiy-00081-00038258-00038699 you a lot of favors funny thing about that is for a longest time I think
9qmawPRAbiy-00082-00038699-00039230 people believe that poultry was the better option many people still believe
9qmawPRAbiy-00083-00039230-00039633 I think people still believe it turns out it's really not any better and it
9qmawPRAbiy-00084-00039633-00040002 might even be worse depending on what your situation is then other products
9qmawPRAbiy-00085-00040002-00040358 yeah I mean animal products in general are not good but we've talked about
9qmawPRAbiy-00086-00040358-00040769 cheese and eggs are probably the top two bad things and then followed very very
9qmawPRAbiy-00087-00040769-00041508 closely by all animal flesh including fish so then there was a study that UCLA
9qmawPRAbiy-00088-00041508-00041984 did that compared three groups of men a plant-based and exercise group an
9qmawPRAbiy-00089-00041984-00042458 exercise only group and a control group of sedentary people eating standard fare
9qmawPRAbiy-00090-00042458-00042842 so I'm the poor sedentary people eating standard fare they didn't really stand a
9qmawPRAbiy-00091-00042842-00043124 chance no I mean because they already were heading down a bad road and just
9qmawPRAbiy-00092-00043124-00043442 stayed there right so if you're sedentary and eat standard the standard
9qmawPRAbiy-00093-00043442-00043961 American diet your body can kill off one to two percent of cancer cells if you
9qmawPRAbiy-00094-00043961-00044558 exercise strenuously and that's we're really more exercise than I get every
9qmawPRAbiy-00095-00044558-00045065 weekday for 15 years you'll be able to kill 200 percent more cancer cells so
9qmawPRAbiy-00096-00045065-00045527 exercise absolutely it's a good thing definitely do your exercise but if you
9qmawPRAbiy-00097-00045527-00046068 exercise and that you eat a plant-based diet then you can four thousand percent
9qmawPRAbiy-00098-00046068-00046451 more than people eating the standard American diet you don't exercise which
9qmawPRAbiy-00099-00046451-00046796 goes to I mean that just stands the reason that if you are currently have
9qmawPRAbiy-00100-00046796-00047342 symptoms where there's pbh or whether it's a form of actual prostate cancer
9qmawPRAbiy-00101-00047342-00047825 that exercising and going to a whole-food plant-based lifestyle is gonna you know
9qmawPRAbiy-00102-00047825-00048524 greatly improve your life right and we talked about how having pbh or cancer
9qmawPRAbiy-00103-00048524-00048989 cell cancer a good morning trish can be helped by adding cruciferous
9qmawPRAbiy-00104-00048989-00049361 vegetables that was something that they were like yep definitely cruciferous
9qmawPRAbiy-00105-00049361-00049772 vegetables which those are your friend really crunchy things like broccoli and
9qmawPRAbiy-00106-00049772-00050362 cauliflower and kale I need a sip of your water okay
9qmawPRAbiy-00107-00050367-00050887 sorry my throat was getting scratchy alright so add cruciferous vegetables
9qmawPRAbiy-00108-00050887-00051354 those are really good the other thing that they talked about was flaxseed that
9qmawPRAbiy-00109-00051354-00051834 flaxseed is a really really good thing to add now we did tell you that it's a
9qmawPRAbiy-00110-00051834-00052270 lot of flaxseed they're talking like three tablespoons a day that's a lot of
9qmawPRAbiy-00111-00052270-00052554 flaxseed we typically have about a tablespoon maybe a little bit greater
9qmawPRAbiy-00112-00052554-00052891 than a tablespoon a day yeah that's usually what we put in our oatmeal so
9qmawPRAbiy-00113-00052891-00053248 obviously you're you know it if you really want all of the benefits of
9qmawPRAbiy-00114-00053248-00053665 flaxseed you need to eat quite a bit of it and you could put it in anything just
9qmawPRAbiy-00115-00053665-00053911 make sure you grind it if you're if you're buying the seeds whole make sure
9qmawPRAbiy-00116-00053911-00054244 you grind them because otherwise you don't get the benefit they pass right
9qmawPRAbiy-00117-00054244-00054700 through your body your body can't break the shell and put it you can put them in
9qmawPRAbiy-00118-00054700-00055324 you know your tomato tomato sauces and yeah anything they don't drastically
9qmawPRAbiy-00119-00055324-00055704 change the taste of anything they were really having strong flavor
9qmawPRAbiy-00120-00055704-00056038 mm-hmm exactly oh and then I told you about a study
9qmawPRAbiy-00121-00056038-00056482 that they did where they looked at five nearly 5,000 people and they found an
9qmawPRAbiy-00122-00056482-00056869 increase of animal protein consumption of just one percent is associated with a
9qmawPRAbiy-00123-00056869-00057397 50% increase of bladder cancer so um cancer in general I think really
9qmawPRAbiy-00124-00057397-00057700 likes animal products what we're learning yes well I mean you probably
9qmawPRAbiy-00125-00057700-00058201 shouldn't shouldn't do that we talked about enlarged prostate and that eating
9qmawPRAbiy-00126-00058201-00058552 plants helps with that as well can actually reduce the size the size of it
9qmawPRAbiy-00127-00058552-00058936 and then you know yesterday we also mentioned the igf-1 which we've talked
9qmawPRAbiy-00128-00058936-00059479 about pretty extensively as far as animal products raising your igf-1 so
9qmawPRAbiy-00129-00059479-00060115 basically the bottom line is that if you eat if you want to if you want to reduce
9qmawPRAbiy-00130-00060115-00060511 your risk or the risk of someone you love of getting prostate cancer you need
9qmawPRAbiy-00131-00060511-00060960 to eliminate the eggs and the poultry that first off needs to like go away
9qmawPRAbiy-00132-00060960-00061327 everything all the science that I'm seeing says that that is not doing you
9qmawPRAbiy-00133-00061327-00061738 any favors and then secondly you need to be adding cruciferous vegetables
9qmawPRAbiy-00134-00061738-00062238 flaxseed and there's another thing in here that says onions and garlic's are
9qmawPRAbiy-00135-00062238-00062639 associated with a significantly lower risk of BPH
9qmawPRAbiy-00136-00062639-00062960 which is the enlarged prostate that is well covered because all that stuff we
9qmawPRAbiy-00137-00062960-00063596 so yeah I'm good makes me happy and of course your legumes your beans your
9qmawPRAbiy-00138-00063596-00064042 chickpeas your split peas your lentils so as we always tell you if you're eating a
9qmawPRAbiy-00139-00064042-00064478 variety of plants and  you're limiting or eliminating the
9qmawPRAbiy-00140-00064478-00064775 animal-based products from your diet you're gonna give your body its best
9qmawPRAbiy-00141-00064775-00065266 chance to be healthy now does that mean that if your doctor tells you that you
9qmawPRAbiy-00142-00065266-00065729 have cancer that you should just say no I'm gonna you know listen to your doctor
9qmawPRAbiy-00143-00065729-00066110 that's a smart thing to do it does mean that if you are one of those people
9qmawPRAbiy-00144-00066110-00066557 where they say oh they're gonna do watchful waiting which is very very
9qmawPRAbiy-00145-00066557-00067073 prevalent in prostate cancer if you change your diet you are very likely to
9qmawPRAbiy-00146-00067073-00067502 be able to reverse your your issues with prostate at least based on everything
9qmawPRAbiy-00147-00067502-00067883 that I'm reading exactly so did I miss anything that we told them
9qmawPRAbiy-00148-00067883-00068282 this week do we need to talk about make sure you say this you said like the next
9qmawPRAbiy-00149-00068282-00068914 sentence I'm sorry you covered it all good job That's awesome
9qmawPRAbiy-00150-00068914-00069302 we did have someone ask us if we could do breast cancer so we I think
9qmawPRAbiy-00151-00069302-00069716 we're gonna do breast cancer next week I'm pretty confident we're gonna
9qmawPRAbiy-00152-00069716-00070148 tell you exactly the same thing don't eat animals eat plants but the good
9qmawPRAbiy-00153-00070148-00070553 thing is within this these conversations or this information that we're sharing
9qmawPRAbiy-00154-00070553-00071063 there are absolutely specific foods and food groups that help certain types of
9qmawPRAbiy-00155-00071063-00071381 ailments that's true so covering them separately like this is I think it's
9qmawPRAbiy-00156-00071381-00071771 still good yeah and this work we're going from this book how not to die was
9qmawPRAbiy-00157-00071771-00072134 just by dr. Gregor he also has a cookbook out called how not to die
9qmawPRAbiy-00158-00072134-00072566 cookbook and it is one of the few cookbooks that I have that I really find
9qmawPRAbiy-00159-00072566-00072890 a lot of recipes in it where I'm like oh I know what all these ingredients are
9qmawPRAbiy-00160-00072890-00073655 and I feel like I can make this really easily He's a very big... I can't help you because I
9qmawPRAbiy-00161-00073655-00074096 have no idea what you want to say... the soup.. Oh miso. Yeah  miso yeah he's a very big miso
9qmawPRAbiy-00162-00074096-00074471 fan he puts miso in a lot of... and because he's all about whole whole foods
9qmawPRAbiy-00163-00074471-00075038 like he doesn't say use lemon juice he says peel a lemon and like grind up the
9qmawPRAbiy-00164-00075038-00075506 whole lemon I'm not quite that fanatical about it when he when his recipes say
9qmawPRAbiy-00165-00075506-00075974 you know ground-up lemon I'm like yeah lemon juice is fine no so I am not quite
9qmawPRAbiy-00166-00075974-00076637 as obsessed about using the whole food as he is but I do like his recipe book
9qmawPRAbiy-00167-00076637-00077093 his cookbook and I do find it to be pretty easy to use I'm gonna be making
9qmawPRAbiy-00168-00077093-00077522 bean bean burgers to take to Russ' mother's this weekend so hopefully she
9qmawPRAbiy-00169-00077522-00077957 likes it fingers crossed yes oh yeah that's what we are going on
9qmawPRAbiy-00170-00077957-00078269 what I wanted to share with you and like I said next week I'm going to look at
9qmawPRAbiy-00171-00078269-00078749 breast cancer and and see what I can find and if if I can find that breast I
9qmawPRAbiy-00172-00078749-00079076 can do breast cancer and maybe other female reproductive organs all at one
9qmawPRAbiy-00173-00079076-00079262 time maybe I'll try and do them all at once
9qmawPRAbiy-00174-00079262-00079838 see if they're similar um if you have not seen our webinar how to feed a human
9qmawPRAbiy-00175-00079838-00080195 I absolutely recommend that you go to howtofeedahuman.com and watch our
9qmawPRAbiy-00176-00080195-00080609 webinar we have an amazing master class on the back of it that has a ton of
9qmawPRAbiy-00177-00080609-00080972 information in it that I think you'll find super valuable and it gives them the
9qmawPRAbiy-00178-00080972-00081326 information that not only make their life healthier but their family's life
9qmawPRAbiy-00179-00081326-00081782 if you're an older adult and you have grandchildren you know you can start
9qmawPRAbiy-00180-00081782-00082121 teaching grandchildren how to eat better by eating better when
9qmawPRAbiy-00181-00082121-00082634 they're in your care and your as we've told you you learned you learn what you
9qmawPRAbiy-00182-00082634-00083159 like as a child and then if you teach your children and grandchildren that
9qmawPRAbiy-00183-00083159-00083435 when they're young they don't have to relearn it when they're older and we've had people
9qmawPRAbiy-00184-00083435-00083909 tell us that that their grandchildren come either has to eat similar to how we
9qmawPRAbiy-00185-00083909-00084266 eat and they go how many want the same thing so they're learning which i think
9qmawPRAbiy-00186-00084266-00084608 is a fantastic thing because that's the generation we got to work on that's true
9qmawPRAbiy-00187-00084608-00085088 you know that's true so yeah HowToFeedAHuman.com you can go there and then
9qmawPRAbiy-00188-00085088-00085469 if you want to be want access to us directly you can go to RnRJourney.com
9qmawPRAbiy-00189-00085469-00085793 that's our business website and you can become a member there and
9qmawPRAbiy-00190-00085793-00086141 that gives you access to the community page where you can ask specific
9qmawPRAbiy-00191-00086141-00086570 questions about your situation and I will I will respond to you individually
9qmawPRAbiy-00192-00086570-00086981 on there so if you want individual kind of help without having to hire me
9qmawPRAbiy-00193-00086981-00087413 individually one-on-one the the community page on our website is a
9qmawPRAbiy-00194-00087413-00087995 really good resource for that we are on Facebook Instagram and YouTube you can
9qmawPRAbiy-00195-00087995-00088308 like follow and all that stuff there and if you're getting value out of the
9qmawPRAbiy-00196-00088308-00088745 I do ask you to please like and share them it's how I know that hey I'm doing
9qmawPRAbiy-00197-00088745-00089091 something useful we're making a difference and we get to tell you know
9qmawPRAbiy-00198-00089091-00089541 get to reach other people so other people get to be healthy too you know
9qmawPRAbiy-00199-00089541-00089922 maybe we'll fix the healthcare system one human at a time by makings us all
9qmawPRAbiy-00200-00089922-00090426 healthy we're working on so did I tell them everything all right I did a good
9qmawPRAbiy-00201-00090426-00090888 job all right guys you guys have a great weekend It's Friday! It is Friday we look
9qmawPRAbiy-00202-00090888-00091532 forward to seeing you on Monday I hope you have fun and yeah that's it. Tell them bye Gracie
9qmawPRAbiy-00203-00091532-00091824 all right bye Gracie don't know where you are be you know I'll see you later
9qmawPRAbiy-00204-00091824-00092316 with that we will say eat real food mostly plants have a great weekend we'll
9qmawPRAbiy-00205-00092316-00092594 see you on Monday
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00000-00000010-00000153 YEAR'S ESTIMATE OF 3,710.
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00001-00000153-00000160 YEAR'S ESTIMATE OF 3,710.  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00002-00000160-00000353 YEAR'S ESTIMATE OF 3,710. THE NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA'S
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00003-00000353-00000360 YEAR'S ESTIMATE OF 3,710. THE NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA'S  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00004-00000360-00000583 YEAR'S ESTIMATE OF 3,710. THE NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA'S MOOSE POPULATION PEAKED AROUND
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00005-00000583-00000590 THE NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA'S MOOSE POPULATION PEAKED AROUND  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00006-00000590-00000837 THE NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA'S MOOSE POPULATION PEAKED AROUND 8,840 IN 2006.
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00007-00000837-00000844 MOOSE POPULATION PEAKED AROUND 8,840 IN 2006.  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00008-00000844-00000997 MOOSE POPULATION PEAKED AROUND 8,840 IN 2006. >> DENNIS: A LOCAL ARTIST HAS
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00009-00000997-00001004 8,840 IN 2006. >> DENNIS: A LOCAL ARTIST HAS  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00010-00001004-00001194 8,840 IN 2006. >> DENNIS: A LOCAL ARTIST HAS BROUGHT HIS CERAMIC AND MIXED
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00011-00001194-00001201 >> DENNIS: A LOCAL ARTIST HAS BROUGHT HIS CERAMIC AND MIXED  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00012-00001201-00001451 >> DENNIS: A LOCAL ARTIST HAS BROUGHT HIS CERAMIC AND MIXED ARTS WORK TO BRIAN ARRESTED IN A
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00013-00001451-00001458 BROUGHT HIS CERAMIC AND MIXED ARTS WORK TO BRIAN ARRESTED IN A  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00014-00001458-00001681 BROUGHT HIS CERAMIC AND MIXED ARTS WORK TO BRIAN ARRESTED IN A NEW EXHIBIT AT THE CROSSING ARTS
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00015-00001681-00001688 ARTS WORK TO BRIAN ARRESTED IN A NEW EXHIBIT AT THE CROSSING ARTS  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00016-00001688-00001745 ARTS WORK TO BRIAN ARRESTED IN A NEW EXHIBIT AT THE CROSSING ARTS ALLIANCE.
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00017-00001745-00001751 NEW EXHIBIT AT THE CROSSING ARTS ALLIANCE.  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00018-00001751-00001871 NEW EXHIBIT AT THE CROSSING ARTS ALLIANCE. THE EXHIBIT FEATURES THE WORK OF
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00019-00001871-00001878 ALLIANCE. THE EXHIBIT FEATURES THE WORK OF  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00020-00001878-00002238 ALLIANCE. THE EXHIBIT FEATURES THE WORK OF PINE RIVER'S CYRUS SWANN AS HE
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00021-00002238-00002245 THE EXHIBIT FEATURES THE WORK OF PINE RIVER'S CYRUS SWANN AS HE  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00022-00002245-00002415 THE EXHIBIT FEATURES THE WORK OF PINE RIVER'S CYRUS SWANN AS HE COMBINES THE DISCIPLINES OF
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00023-00002415-00002422 PINE RIVER'S CYRUS SWANN AS HE COMBINES THE DISCIPLINES OF  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00024-00002422-00002645 PINE RIVER'S CYRUS SWANN AS HE COMBINES THE DISCIPLINES OF FUNCTION, DOMESTIC INSTALLATIONS
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00025-00002645-00002652 COMBINES THE DISCIPLINES OF FUNCTION, DOMESTIC INSTALLATIONS  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00026-00002652-00002919 COMBINES THE DISCIPLINES OF FUNCTION, DOMESTIC INSTALLATIONS AND WALL ART THROUGH HIS CERAMIC
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00027-00002919-00002926 FUNCTION, DOMESTIC INSTALLATIONS AND WALL ART THROUGH HIS CERAMIC  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00028-00002926-00003073 FUNCTION, DOMESTIC INSTALLATIONS AND WALL ART THROUGH HIS CERAMIC PIECES, PAINTINGS AND OTHER ART
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00029-00003073-00003079 AND WALL ART THROUGH HIS CERAMIC PIECES, PAINTINGS AND OTHER ART  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00030-00003079-00003146 AND WALL ART THROUGH HIS CERAMIC PIECES, PAINTINGS AND OTHER ART FORMS.
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00031-00003146-00003153 PIECES, PAINTINGS AND OTHER ART FORMS.  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00032-00003153-00003373 PIECES, PAINTINGS AND OTHER ART FORMS. LISA JORDAN OF THE CROSSING ARTS
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00033-00003373-00003379 FORMS. LISA JORDAN OF THE CROSSING ARTS  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00034-00003379-00003550 FORMS. LISA JORDAN OF THE CROSSING ARTS ALLIANCE SAYS THAT BY COMBINING
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00035-00003550-00003556 LISA JORDAN OF THE CROSSING ARTS ALLIANCE SAYS THAT BY COMBINING  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00036-00003556-00003837 LISA JORDAN OF THE CROSSING ARTS ALLIANCE SAYS THAT BY COMBINING THESE DIFFERENT INSTALLATIONS,
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00037-00003837-00003843 ALLIANCE SAYS THAT BY COMBINING THESE DIFFERENT INSTALLATIONS,  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00038-00003843-00004047 ALLIANCE SAYS THAT BY COMBINING THESE DIFFERENT INSTALLATIONS, HIS UNIQUE WORK CANNOT BE
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00039-00004047-00004054 THESE DIFFERENT INSTALLATIONS, HIS UNIQUE WORK CANNOT BE  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00040-00004054-00004204 THESE DIFFERENT INSTALLATIONS, HIS UNIQUE WORK CANNOT BE DEFINED BY ONE MEDIUM.
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00041-00004204-00004210 HIS UNIQUE WORK CANNOT BE DEFINED BY ONE MEDIUM.  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00042-00004210-00004290 HIS UNIQUE WORK CANNOT BE DEFINED BY ONE MEDIUM. >> IT'S A BEAUTIFUL AND STRONG
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00043-00004290-00004297 DEFINED BY ONE MEDIUM. >> IT'S A BEAUTIFUL AND STRONG  
9sJqNwMVw9Q-00044-00004297-00004461 DEFINED BY ONE MEDIUM. >> IT'S A BEAUTIFUL AND STRONG BODY OF WORK, AND WE'RE THRILLED
9tWbQSw_alY-00000-00000000-00000200 Welcome To Soothing Relaxation Music
9uaRgtr4AY4-00000-00000474-00000843 - Today is not about me having the answers.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00001-00000843-00001343 In fact, today is entirely about me not having the answers.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00002-00001446-00001791 The whole idea of today is to generate submissions
9uaRgtr4AY4-00003-00001791-00002088 and discussion so that later this year,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00004-00002088-00002463 we land with a cultural policy that works for Australia,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00005-00002463-00002673 that works for yourselves.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00006-00002673-00003069 But I just want to start with what cultural policy is,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00007-00003069-00003378 because while it's always been led
9uaRgtr4AY4-00008-00003378-00003582 by the Minister for the Arts,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00009-00003678-00003852 it's more than an arts policy.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00010-00003954-00004257 Now, a cultural policy isn't simply a set
9uaRgtr4AY4-00011-00004257-00004374 of arts announcements;
9uaRgtr4AY4-00012-00004473-00004683 A cultural policy, if you get it right,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00013-00004683-00004827 is a whole of government process
9uaRgtr4AY4-00014-00004827-00005109 that speaks to every portfolio.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00015-00005109-00005283 It affects how you conduct your employment
9uaRgtr4AY4-00016-00005283-00005469 and workplace relations policies.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00017-00005469-00005667 It affects your education policy.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00018-00005667-00005970 It affects how you deliver health services for people.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00019-00005970-00006105 In a very big way,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00020-00006105-00006258 it affects your trade policy
9uaRgtr4AY4-00021-00006258-00006600 and how you engage in foreign affairs.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00022-00006600-00006705 A cultural policy,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00023-00006705-00006828 if you get it right,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00024-00006828-00007284 is about the status and role of the cultural sector
9uaRgtr4AY4-00025-00007284-00007664 within government and therefore within Australia.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00026-00007664-00007853 (attendee whoops)
9uaRgtr4AY4-00027-00007853-00007965 (audience laughs)
9uaRgtr4AY4-00028-00007965-00008084 There's arts announcements
9uaRgtr4AY4-00029-00008084-00008328 that obviously have to go with it.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00030-00008328-00008709 But a cultural policy is much, much bigger than that.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00031-00008709-00008997 I've gone back through the Creative Australia document
9uaRgtr4AY4-00032-00008997-00009228 that only had six months of life
9uaRgtr4AY4-00033-00009228-00009408 before it was set to one side,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00034-00009408-00009588 and the principles and the pillars are there
9uaRgtr4AY4-00035-00009588-00009756 to form a good foundation.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00036-00009756-00010041 If we start with that foundation...
9uaRgtr4AY4-00037-00010041-00010212 Look, sure, a four-year process,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00038-00010212-00010494 you'll always end up with something better,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00039-00010494-00010839 but if we just start with the foundation and work quickly,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00040-00010839-00010965 I'm confident we can land
9uaRgtr4AY4-00041-00010965-00011310 a cultural policy this year, this year.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00042-00011310-00011790 So to do that, we need submissions in the next few weeks.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00043-00011883-00012162 We need to move this quickly.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00044-00012162-00012381 And if we get to an announcement,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00045-00012381-00012660 as I'm very hopeful we will at the end of the year,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00046-00012660-00012882 that's not the end point.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00047-00012882-00013122 What I want to happen at the end of the year
9uaRgtr4AY4-00048-00013122-00013386 is we change the trajectory.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00049-00013386-00013613 So the test of cultural policy
9uaRgtr4AY4-00050-00013613-00013878 isn't where are we at in January or February.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00051-00013878-00014157 The test of it is where are we at in three years' time,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00052-00014157-00014297 where are we at in five years' time,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00053-00014297-00014663 what have we continued to build over 10 years.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00054-00014663-00014952 What I want to be able to do now is to say,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00055-00014952-00015216 "Okay, how do we rebuild together?
9uaRgtr4AY4-00056-00015216-00015384 How do we grow together?
9uaRgtr4AY4-00057-00015384-00015783 How do we make sure that your work
9uaRgtr4AY4-00058-00015783-00016044 affects how Australians know themselves,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00059-00016044-00016197 how we know each other,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00060-00016197-00016515 and how the world comes to know us."
9uaRgtr4AY4-00061-00016515-00016668 That's the job.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00062-00016668-00016839 So let's get started.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00063-00016839-00016974 In the new cultural policy, though,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00064-00016974-00017226 there's one thing I want to change from the start,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00065-00017226-00017358 and that's the order.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00066-00017358-00017631 In any cultural policy in Australia,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00067-00017631-00017862 I think the first pillar is obvious:
9uaRgtr4AY4-00068-00017862-00018114 First Nations first.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00069-00018114-00018262 That's where we need to start.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00070-00018262-00018562 (audience applauds)
9uaRgtr4AY4-00071-00018648-00018886 In starting with First Nations,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00072-00018886-00019218 we start with an area that's often not thought about
9uaRgtr4AY4-00073-00019218-00019548 as Arts policy, but has always been part of cultural policy.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00074-00019548-00019797 And that's the significance of language.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00075-00019884-00020175 The loss of language can be the loss of culture
9uaRgtr4AY4-00076-00020175-00020310 and the challenges of culture
9uaRgtr4AY4-00077-00020310-00020688 and the significance of sustaining language,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00078-00020688-00021150 preserving language, and passing language on is a key role.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00079-00021150-00021510 Similarly, the preservation of song lines and art forms
9uaRgtr4AY4-00080-00021510-00021834 and dance and visual art that have been here
9uaRgtr4AY4-00081-00021834-00022251 since the first sunrise all play a critical role
9uaRgtr4AY4-00082-00022251-00022455 in First Nations.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00083-00022455-00022584 But also under this pillar,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00084-00022584-00022725 there are areas,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00085-00022725-00022932 some of which are not funding issues,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00086-00022932-00023157 but we absolutely need to act on.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00087-00023262-00023762 The prevalence of fake art is a real threat,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00088-00023814-00024314 not simply to income, and it's a real threat to income,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00089-00024372-00024597 but it's also a direct attack
9uaRgtr4AY4-00090-00024597-00024984 on cultural integrity of First Nations art.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00091-00024984-00025236 This argument has been going back and forth
9uaRgtr4AY4-00092-00025236-00025554 for about seven years without action being taken.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00093-00025554-00025683 In the cultural policy,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00094-00025683-00025830 I want to land it this year
9uaRgtr4AY4-00095-00025830-00026100 and I want us to take a very hard line
9uaRgtr4AY4-00096-00026100-00026472 against fake art being sold in Australia
9uaRgtr4AY4-00097-00026472-00026799 and being passed off as though it were First Nations' work.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00098-00026799-00027057 As I say, anything that I put forward,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00099-00027057-00027231 it's to spark ideas.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00100-00027231-00027383 None of this is conclusions.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00101-00027383-00027660 And if your submission refers to this speech
9uaRgtr4AY4-00102-00027660-00028050 and says that I got it horribly wrong, good, good.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00103-00028050-00028139 We want that.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00104-00028139-00028233 We want the discussion.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00105-00028233-00028370 I've been arts minister before;
9uaRgtr4AY4-00106-00028370-00028635 I get part of the job is you get told you're horribly wrong.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00107-00028635-00028737 I'm onto it.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00108-00028836-00029114 And I want the sector to be fearless.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00109-00029114-00029358 I have no respect for arts ministers
9uaRgtr4AY4-00110-00029358-00029550 who try to muzzle the sector.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00111-00029550-00029997 So don't take any of these ideas as being conclusions,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00112-00029997-00030276 but I want to draw out these sorts of themes,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00113-00030276-00030435 these sorts of ideas.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00114-00030435-00030681 And finally, with respect to First Nations,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00115-00030816-00031077 I do want the policy to speak
9uaRgtr4AY4-00116-00031077-00031458 to what we do in our engagement overseas
9uaRgtr4AY4-00117-00031458-00031851 with the return of stolen material.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00118-00031851-00032031 Pillar number two.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00119-00032031-00032277 A place for every story.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00120-00032277-00032461 Now, one of the things I'm trying to do
9uaRgtr4AY4-00121-00032461-00032781 is to have a cultural policy that we can develop
9uaRgtr4AY4-00122-00032781-00033183 that is right, that doesn't invite the straight culture war.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00123-00033183-00033402 People get that when we talk about diversity,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00124-00033402-00033585 we're talking about every story.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00125-00033585-00033873 We're not about excluding anyone.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00126-00033873-00034065 But it's also true that there are some stories
9uaRgtr4AY4-00127-00034065-00034443 that have found it harder to be properly heard,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00128-00034443-00034611 to be properly respected.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00129-00034611-00034818 So I want within a place for every story
9uaRgtr4AY4-00130-00034818-00035037 for there to be an understanding
9uaRgtr4AY4-00131-00035037-00035475 as to what do we do to make sure that artistic expression
9uaRgtr4AY4-00132-00035475-00035733 and involvement is possible
9uaRgtr4AY4-00133-00035733-00035937 regardless of physical
9uaRgtr4AY4-00134-00035937-00036279 or intellectual ability or disability.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00135-00036279-00036666 What can we do to make sure that regardless of sex,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00136-00036666-00037047 of gender, of race, of ethnicity, of faith,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00137-00037047-00037380 regardless of all the different issues of age,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00138-00037380-00037524 of all the different issues
9uaRgtr4AY4-00139-00037524-00037941 that can sometimes close doors on people,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00140-00037941-00038388 how do we make sure that every story has its place
9uaRgtr4AY4-00141-00038388-00038550 within our cultural policy?
9uaRgtr4AY4-00142-00038550-00038697 Not simply for the validation
9uaRgtr4AY4-00143-00038697-00038895 of people seeing their own stories
9uaRgtr4AY4-00144-00038895-00039075 but also for the benefit of the rest of us
9uaRgtr4AY4-00145-00039075-00039279 to know each other's stories better.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00146-00039279-00039654 With every story and there being a place for every story,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00147-00039654-00039849 I'm conscious that there will be stories
9uaRgtr4AY4-00148-00039849-00039978 that are commercially viable;
9uaRgtr4AY4-00149-00039978-00040260 there'll be stories that are commercial blockbusters.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00150-00040260-00040425 And there'll be stories
9uaRgtr4AY4-00151-00040425-00040740 that without funding will not be told and need to be told.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00152-00040824-00041324 And I want the test not to be whether or not something
9uaRgtr4AY4-00153-00041451-00041595 is the massive money spinner
9uaRgtr4AY4-00154-00041595-00041793 and therefore it's the one that gets all the ticks,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00155-00041793-00042093 that that's obviously something great when it happens.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00156-00042093-00042444 But the real test is the integrity of the story
9uaRgtr4AY4-00157-00042444-00042717 and the value to those who receive the story,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00158-00042717-00042981 and that's when I talk about a place for every story.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00159-00042981-00043263 But the other thing is in that word place.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00160-00043410-00043593 Now, I know this will be controversial in the room
9uaRgtr4AY4-00161-00043593-00043845 but I have a strong view that arts and culture
9uaRgtr4AY4-00162-00043845-00044124 exist and should be funded beyond Sydney and Melbourne.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00163-00044124-00044529 And I'm also conscious that arts and culture,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00164-00044529-00044745 even throughout the different capital cities
9uaRgtr4AY4-00165-00044745-00045138 around the country, don't only reside in the CBDs,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00166-00045138-00045360 they don't only reside in the regions,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00167-00045360-00045615 they reside in the suburbs as well.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00168-00045615-00045909 And too often we get into a conversation
9uaRgtr4AY4-00169-00045909-00046335 where it's CBD or region and the suburbs get forgotten.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00170-00046428-00046926 And I'm very conscious of making sure that we draw
9uaRgtr4AY4-00171-00046926-00047118 on all the different aspects of Australia
9uaRgtr4AY4-00172-00047118-00047313 and make sure that no matter where you live,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00173-00047313-00047508 no matter where you grow up,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00174-00047508-00047739 no matter what your post code is,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00175-00047739-00048132 you've got access to hearing the stories
9uaRgtr4AY4-00176-00048132-00048366 and telling the stories of Australia.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00177-00048474-00048822 Pillar three, the artist.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00178-00048822-00048972 Now, when I talk about the artist here,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00179-00048972-00049293 don't just... think about everybody
9uaRgtr4AY4-00180-00049293-00049455 who works within the sector.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00181-00049602-00049749 We've kept the title of the artist,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00182-00049749-00049938 but it's everybody.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00183-00049938-00050295 I always put to one side the economic arguments.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00184-00050295-00050535 I did you a disservice by doing that,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00185-00050535-00050697 because it does need to be both.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00186-00050697-00051012 And I discovered it needed to be both two years ago
9uaRgtr4AY4-00187-00051012-00051512 when the lockdown period of the pandemic started.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00188-00051605-00051866 Straight after artists around Australia
9uaRgtr4AY4-00189-00051866-00052275 had been asked to work for free for Bushfire Relief
9uaRgtr4AY4-00190-00052275-00052563 and you made sure that you had the community's back,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00191-00052563-00052722 you suddenly discovered the community
9uaRgtr4AY4-00192-00052722-00052878 might not have your back.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00193-00052878-00053115 So when I talk about the artist,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00194-00053115-00053439 please know this time in terms of your submissions,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00195-00053439-00053682 we're talking about the artist as creator
9uaRgtr4AY4-00196-00053682-00053910 and the artist as worker.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00197-00053910-00054072 I want to be able to deal with both.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00198-00054072-00054234 (audience applauds)
9uaRgtr4AY4-00199-00054234-00054477 Now, the artist as worker is an area of policy
9uaRgtr4AY4-00200-00054477-00054767 where in many ways, at a federal level,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00201-00054767-00054978 we're starting from way behind.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00202-00054978-00055227 But we have an opportunity this time.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00203-00055227-00055398 This is the first time, I think,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00204-00055398-00055527 certainly in Australia's history,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00205-00055527-00055740 I'm not sure how much it's happened around the world,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00206-00055740-00056199 where the Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations
9uaRgtr4AY4-00207-00056199-00056400 is also the Minister for the Arts.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00208-00056400-00056773 So while it's a whole of government process anyway,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00209-00056773-00057189 while it's a whole of government process anyway,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00210-00057189-00057465 there's a particular opportunity we have now
9uaRgtr4AY4-00211-00057465-00057729 and I want to make sure that we take it.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00212-00057729-00057864 There are different issues
9uaRgtr4AY4-00213-00057864-00058137 that go to people's industrial rights,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00214-00058137-00058434 but there's another area where we have left,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00215-00058434-00058704 let the sector down really badly over the years.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00216-00058812-00058991 Not just the sector.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00217-00058991-00059397 Kate Jenkins' Respect@Work Report, made clear
9uaRgtr4AY4-00218-00059397-00059727 that in terms of women having safe workplaces
9uaRgtr4AY4-00219-00059727-00060198 around Australia, we had failed in most workplaces
9uaRgtr4AY4-00220-00060198-00060465 around the country in delivering the sorts of standards
9uaRgtr4AY4-00221-00060465-00060640 that should be able to be expected.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00222-00060801-00061095 But as different aspects
9uaRgtr4AY4-00223-00061095-00061386 of the #MeToo movement hit Australia,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00224-00061386-00061872 it was clear that we had failed to provide safe workplaces
9uaRgtr4AY4-00225-00061872-00062372 for arts and cultural workers in a really appalling way.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00226-00062417-00062772 And the people, who were often on the cutting edge
9uaRgtr4AY4-00227-00062772-00063078 of telling stories and exposing stories
9uaRgtr4AY4-00228-00063078-00063576 and letting audiences see how bad disrespect
9uaRgtr4AY4-00229-00063576-00063912 and violence can be,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00230-00064014-00064269 were still experiencing it in their own workplace.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00231-00064383-00064779 So if you look at some of the panels that I've put together,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00232-00064890-00065121 there's some, there's a couple of very big,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00233-00065121-00065391 clear statements being made here
9uaRgtr4AY4-00234-00065391-00065739 about wanting to deliver safe workplaces.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00235-00065739-00066057 It's complex across the whole sector, I get that,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00236-00066057-00066273 but we've dealt with complex issues before.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00237-00066360-00066636 But then we go to the artist as creator.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00238-00066786-00067035 A number of the training colleges that we have
9uaRgtr4AY4-00239-00067035-00067452 for different art forms are at breaking point right now.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00240-00067452-00067722 I'd love to be in a situation to,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00241-00067722-00067896 say, from the end of the year, we're at,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00242-00067896-00068007 "How do we advance?
9uaRgtr4AY4-00243-00068007-00068118 How do we go over the hill?
9uaRgtr4AY4-00244-00068118-00068301 How do we make everything so much better
9uaRgtr4AY4-00245-00068301-00068431 with respect to training."
9uaRgtr4AY4-00246-00068550-00068772 Some of the infrastructure I'm looking at the moment,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00247-00068772-00068901 I'm trying to come up with policies,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00248-00068901-00069201 is how do we keep the training colleges alive?
9uaRgtr4AY4-00249-00069201-00069345 There are some that are doing really well,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00250-00069345-00069561 there are some where there are real challenges
9uaRgtr4AY4-00251-00069561-00069741 that I want to work through.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00252-00069741-00070128 But the training doesn't begin when people leave school.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00253-00070242-00070742 I am alarmed at the number of parts of Australia now
9uaRgtr4AY4-00254-00070791-00070911 where it is possible to go
9uaRgtr4AY4-00255-00070911-00071121 through the entire schooling system
9uaRgtr4AY4-00256-00071121-00071433 without ever having a music teacher, a drama teacher,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00257-00071433-00071586 or an art teacher.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00258-00071586-00071787 Really concerned about it.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00259-00071787-00072168 Because the training in schools isn't simply just,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00260-00072168-00072351 how do you form artists,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00261-00072351-00072615 it's also, how do you create audiences?
9uaRgtr4AY4-00262-00072615-00072861 How do you make sure that people have an understanding
9uaRgtr4AY4-00263-00072861-00073212 of various art forms that give them that entry point
9uaRgtr4AY4-00264-00073212-00073545 on the way through, all of that benefits?
9uaRgtr4AY4-00265-00073545-00073728 The final thing I want to say about the artist
9uaRgtr4AY4-00266-00073728-00074100 is I'm concerned with the artist as creator,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00267-00074100-00074409 and this differs art form to art form,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00268-00074409-00074676 but for a significant number of art forms
9uaRgtr4AY4-00269-00074676-00074892 there seems to be a view
9uaRgtr4AY4-00270-00074892-00075160 that if you're a woman, it's often in your 20s,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00271-00075160-00075522 if you're a man, sometimes it's your 30s and 40s,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00272-00075522-00075876 but effectively there is a view
9uaRgtr4AY4-00273-00075876-00076287 that your talent immediately disappears at a particular age.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00274-00076287-00076500 I want to see what we can do
9uaRgtr4AY4-00275-00076500-00076785 to deliver long-term career paths
9uaRgtr4AY4-00276-00076785-00077073 so that our most talented creators
9uaRgtr4AY4-00277-00077073-00077424 can spend their professional life as creators.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00278-00077424-00077712 I'd really love us to be able to deliver that.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00279-00077712-00077871 Strong institutions.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00280-00077970-00078174 Now, when I start with strong institutions,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00281-00078174-00078393 we've got the obvious ones.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00282-00078393-00078717 All the ones that are government-funded,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00283-00078717-00079119 whether it be federally, state, or by local government,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00284-00079119-00079365 the galleries, the collecting institutions,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00285-00079365-00079716 all of those form the foundation of what we talk about
9uaRgtr4AY4-00286-00079716-00079926 when we talk about strong institutions.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00287-00079926-00080094 But the strong institutions this time,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00288-00080094-00080328 similar to when I referred to the artist where I said
9uaRgtr4AY4-00289-00080328-00080532 we weren't just wanting to look at artists as creator,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00290-00080532-00080781 we were wanting to look at artists as worker;
9uaRgtr4AY4-00291-00080781-00081051 similar to that, I'm wanting to make sure,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00292-00081051-00081234 when we look at strong institutions,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00293-00081234-00081588 we're not simply looking at the institutions
9uaRgtr4AY4-00294-00081588-00081771 that are effectively owned in different ways
9uaRgtr4AY4-00295-00081771-00081891 by government bodies.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00296-00082095-00082245 Now they used to, when I was,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00297-00082245-00082437 when I was Arts Minister in 2013,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00298-00082437-00082590 you had this really strong view
9uaRgtr4AY4-00299-00082590-00082923 of you had your sector that was viewed as a funded sector,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00300-00082923-00083178 you had a sector viewed as philanthropic,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00301-00083178-00083373 and you had a sector that would come to me
9uaRgtr4AY4-00302-00083373-00083640 and they'd describe themselves as, "Proudly commercial.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00303-00083640-00083883 Don't take a cent from the government."
9uaRgtr4AY4-00304-00083883-00084012 After the last two years,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00305-00084012-00084175 they've all taken money from the government.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00306-00084175-00084258 (audience laughs)
9uaRgtr4AY4-00307-00084258-00084414 Everybody has.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00308-00084414-00084660 So I want to make sure,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00309-00084660-00085062 and I'm also really conscious that the commercial sector,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00310-00085062-00085383 what would be regarded as the commercial sector as well,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00311-00085383-00085599 has the same workforce.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00312-00085599-00086097 If you're doing a national tour as a contemporary musician,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00313-00086187-00086496 you will have effectively a size of crowd
9uaRgtr4AY4-00314-00086496-00086643 that you are able to attract.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00315-00086745-00087147 And unless you can get in every city or regional centre
9uaRgtr4AY4-00316-00087147-00087567 a venue of that size, you don't go to that place.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00317-00087687-00088089 And so if we had lost a significant number,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00318-00088089-00088455 say, of 300 person venues, of 90 person venues,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00319-00088455-00088725 or of 700 person venues,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00320-00088725-00088998 national tours in Australia for touring artists
9uaRgtr4AY4-00321-00088998-00089229 were going to fall off a cliff.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00322-00089229-00089379 We got really lucky.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00323-00089379-00089511 And there are venues now
9uaRgtr4AY4-00324-00089511-00089808 saddled with an incredible amount of debt,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00325-00089808-00089910 but are still running,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00326-00089910-00090192 not because it's the most commercial use of the premises,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00327-00090192-00090453 but because there's a particular passion from the owners
9uaRgtr4AY4-00328-00090453-00090744 in wanting to host a venue
9uaRgtr4AY4-00329-00090744-00091062 similar with the independent gallery sector.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00330-00091062-00091431 So for strong institutions,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00331-00091431-00091872 that's something where I want to make sure
9uaRgtr4AY4-00332-00091872-00092274 that we look at the commercial sector in that way.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00333-00092274-00092357 To be able to do that,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00334-00092357-00092565 I'm really interested in how we can expand
9uaRgtr4AY4-00335-00092565-00092859 the policy remit of the Australia Council.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00336-00092859-00093084 I would love to have the Australia Council
9uaRgtr4AY4-00337-00093084-00093261 not simply as a funding body,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00338-00093261-00093492 but as a fearless policy body
9uaRgtr4AY4-00339-00093492-00093783 that is willing to go out and argue for the sector
9uaRgtr4AY4-00340-00093783-00093966 no matter which part of the sector it is
9uaRgtr4AY4-00341-00093966-00094131 and whether or not it matches my view
9uaRgtr4AY4-00342-00094131-00094327 as a minister of the day.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00343-00094327-00094630 I want the Australia Council to be able to do that.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00344-00094630-00094996 (audience applauds)
9uaRgtr4AY4-00345-00094996-00095115 That's really the main reason
9uaRgtr4AY4-00346-00095115-00095259 why Creative Partnerships,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00347-00095259-00095562 which has done the job it was asked to do,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00348-00095562-00095802 but I'm wanting to bring that work back
9uaRgtr4AY4-00349-00095802-00095931 within the Australia Council.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00350-00095931-00096249 'Cause one of the impacts was the philanthropic,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00351-00096249-00096540 philanthropists largely just went to Creative Partnerships
9uaRgtr4AY4-00352-00096540-00096741 rather than coming to the Australia Council
9uaRgtr4AY4-00353-00096741-00097083 and that affected the culture of the Australia Council
9uaRgtr4AY4-00354-00097083-00097380 and who the Australia Council have been dealing with.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00355-00097380-00097674 I want them to be engaging much more closely
9uaRgtr4AY4-00356-00097674-00097772 with the philanthropic sector
9uaRgtr4AY4-00357-00097772-00098013 and the commercial sector as well
9uaRgtr4AY4-00358-00098013-00098513 to be able to be a serious voice for government policy,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00359-00098517-00099009 as the cultural voice for the sector.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00360-00099009-00099225 So there's some policy issues
9uaRgtr4AY4-00361-00099225-00099603 that I'm really wanting to be able to work through.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00362-00099603-00099957 I will say, with everything about strong institutions
9uaRgtr4AY4-00363-00099957-00100074 and with about funding,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00364-00100213-00100425 I just want to rule something out,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00365-00100425-00100569 in case you're putting in your submission,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00366-00100569-00100731 I want to have been upfront;
9uaRgtr4AY4-00367-00100731-00101178 I have no interest in any policy or any funding body
9uaRgtr4AY4-00368-00101178-00101586 or any fund where a government minister
9uaRgtr4AY4-00369-00101586-00101910 makes the decisions about artistic merit.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00370-00101910-00102342 That takes us then to audience.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00371-00102458-00102606 Now, with audience,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00372-00102606-00103083 let me start with a few different concepts
9uaRgtr4AY4-00373-00103083-00103242 that I'm really interested in.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00374-00103242-00103695 So a lot of what I've spoken about sort of distinguishes
9uaRgtr4AY4-00375-00103695-00104016 between who's an artist and who's an audience member.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00376-00104016-00104244 I'm really interested and open to the importance
9uaRgtr4AY4-00377-00104244-00104628 of the areas where those lines are blurred as well.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00378-00104628-00104778 Similarly, I'm conscious
9uaRgtr4AY4-00379-00104778-00105000 of where you might become an audience member
9uaRgtr4AY4-00380-00105000-00105280 without actually having intended to turn up to anything.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00381-00105408-00105723 Public art exhibitions, I think, can be fascinating.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00382-00105723-00106008 So I'm really conscious of audience when we attend,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00383-00106008-00106173 intend to be audience.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00384-00106173-00106530 I'm also really interested in art
9uaRgtr4AY4-00385-00106530-00106767 that is suddenly confronting you,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00386-00106767-00106971 that's causing you to question,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00387-00106971-00107217 or might be an art form that you didn't actually intend
9uaRgtr4AY4-00388-00107217-00107535 to be receiving when you first turned up.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00389-00107646-00108123 Similar to that, though, I'm conscious, as I said before,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00390-00108123-00108519 that there will be stories where the audience is very local
9uaRgtr4AY4-00391-00108519-00108785 and very targeted and very important,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00392-00108785-00108957 and they'll be moments where we want to be able
9uaRgtr4AY4-00393-00108957-00109160 to take the story to the world.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00394-00109160-00109464 But one place where I want to be able to take the story
9uaRgtr4AY4-00395-00109464-00109740 is to continue to take it to the lounge room.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00396-00109740-00109923 The relationship we care about
9uaRgtr4AY4-00397-00109923-00110184 is between the viewer and the material.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00398-00110340-00110694 And it would be unforgivable if we let a moment pass
9uaRgtr4AY4-00399-00110694-00111194 which results in future generations basically taking potluck
9uaRgtr4AY4-00400-00111284-00111588 as to whether they ever see an Australian story on screen.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00401-00111777-00112065 It's only a bit over a year, maybe two years
9uaRgtr4AY4-00402-00112065-00112335 since children's quota were taken out of free-to-air.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00403-00112455-00112722 Have a look at what's happened to children's TV content.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00404-00112722-00112938 It's just fallen off a cliff.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00405-00112938-00113049 It's gone.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00406-00113049-00113370 There's a reason why we need quotas in Australia.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00407-00113370-00113676 We have a natural disadvantage,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00408-00113676-00113892 an unfixable disadvantage,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00409-00113892-00114156 because we predominantly, not exclusively,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00410-00114156-00114520 but we predominantly speak the same language
9uaRgtr4AY4-00411-00114642-00115002 as the United States, as Canada, as the UK
9uaRgtr4AY4-00412-00115002-00115389 and you put them together you have a wealth of content
9uaRgtr4AY4-00413-00115389-00115725 that is cheaper, that is cheaper to produce
9uaRgtr4AY4-00414-00115725-00116088 simply because, cheaper in terms of per view
9uaRgtr4AY4-00415-00116088-00116250 or more economic to produce,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00416-00116250-00116547 simply because of the number of viewers available to them.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00417-00116633-00117045 The only way to give our screen produces a decent chance
9uaRgtr4AY4-00418-00117045-00117284 is to make sure that we have quotas.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00419-00117284-00117552 And I want to land on a decision
9uaRgtr4AY4-00420-00117552-00117999 on screen quotas for streemers in this process this year.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00421-00117999-00118242 The other aspect of audience, though,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00422-00118242-00118407 is the audience beyond Australia.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00423-00118503-00119003 Now, you know, the work, and Josh and Patrick and I,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00424-00119133-00119313 we've all had conversations about this.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00425-00119313-00119601 We have a real challenge right now,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00426-00119601-00119841 and you would've seen the work that Penny Wong's doing
9uaRgtr4AY4-00427-00119841-00120114 in trying to improve Australia's relationship
9uaRgtr4AY4-00428-00120114-00120366 with our region, you know, to our north,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00429-00120366-00120555 to our west, to our east,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00430-00120555-00120912 and there's a lot of work needing to be done.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00431-00120996-00121389 That work is made easier through cultural diplomacy.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00432-00121389-00121760 And what we can do, not simply, you know,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00433-00121760-00122036 what we can do in terms of the works from the region
9uaRgtr4AY4-00434-00122036-00122271 being toured here is important,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00435-00122271-00122459 what we can do in terms of our works
9uaRgtr4AY4-00436-00122459-00122727 being toured elsewhere is important;
9uaRgtr4AY4-00437-00122727-00123153 but what we can do in terms of fostering ways
9uaRgtr4AY4-00438-00123153-00123567 that, with the region, we create new work together.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00439-00123696-00123855 That's the sort of thing
9uaRgtr4AY4-00440-00123855-00124272 that really causes lasting, unbreakable bonds.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00441-00124383-00124650 I'm interested in ideas that people have.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00442-00124650-00125073 But sometimes the international work
9uaRgtr4AY4-00443-00125073-00125226 is not about cultural diplomacy.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00444-00125226-00125518 Some of it is about straight revenue for artists
9uaRgtr4AY4-00445-00125619-00125759 and for the industry.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00446-00125759-00125933 And I'm committed to that as well.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00447-00125933-00126158 For all the frustrations that people have
9uaRgtr4AY4-00448-00126158-00126264 with streeming revenue,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00449-00126264-00126516 because streeming revenue is just a fraction
9uaRgtr4AY4-00450-00126516-00127016 of what DVD sales or album sales used to be,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00451-00127074-00127266 but you can at least leverage extra
9uaRgtr4AY4-00452-00127266-00127503 if people get an international audience.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00453-00127503-00127755 So some of it's nothing to do with foreign affairs
9uaRgtr4AY4-00454-00127755-00127883 but a lot to do with trade
9uaRgtr4AY4-00455-00127883-00128124 and a lot to do with artists' incomes.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00456-00128124-00128322 Wherever we can use this opportunity,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00457-00128322-00128486 the whole of government exercise
9uaRgtr4AY4-00458-00128486-00128643 of bringing everything together
9uaRgtr4AY4-00459-00128643-00128949 to be able to deliver that, I want to find a way.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00460-00128949-00129284 And it'll be the ideas in this room that help us get there.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00461-00129284-00129483 So they're the five pillars.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00462-00129483-00129804 First Nations, a place for every story,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00463-00129990-00130413 centrality of the artist, strong institutions,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00464-00130413-00130527 and the audience.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00465-00130620-00130848 Across those five,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00466-00130848-00131190 we can bring in all the principles that we need to.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00467-00131190-00131475 To get there, though, I need your help with submissions.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00468-00131475-00131601 If we get this right,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00469-00131787-00132002 the difference it makes is really exciting.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00470-00132126-00132357 If we get this right,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00471-00132357-00132822 we end up with big works of scale happening
9uaRgtr4AY4-00472-00132822-00132999 where they start with our own.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00473-00132999-00133499 If we can have beautiful works of art
9uaRgtr4AY4-00474-00133542-00133794 then find their ways into new iterations,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00475-00133794-00134004 the story gets told and retold,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00476-00134004-00134241 the different works where we start with something
9uaRgtr4AY4-00477-00134241-00134741 and we build and we build gives us works of scale.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00478-00134742-00135120 And I want those works of scale to come.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00479-00135120-00135522 I want our different stories to be so familiar.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00480-00135522-00135792 And sometimes an artwork will be a story,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00481-00135792-00136008 will be a narrative, sometimes it'll be an idea,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00482-00136008-00136221 sometimes it'll be an emotion.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00483-00136221-00136407 It'll take all different forms
9uaRgtr4AY4-00484-00136407-00136674 but it will all start with Australian creativity.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00485-00136674-00136869 And if we get this right,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00486-00136869-00137220 what it means is those forms of creativity
9uaRgtr4AY4-00487-00137220-00137541 will be part of what it is to live in Australia.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00488-00137541-00137865 As you grow up in Australia, the films that you see,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00489-00137865-00138177 that you then force your children to watch years later,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00490-00138177-00138405 are more likely to be our own.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00491-00138405-00138759 The novels that you're reading in schools will be more,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00492-00138759-00139182 will be increasingly stories where you are learning
9uaRgtr4AY4-00493-00139182-00139364 about different parts of your own country
9uaRgtr4AY4-00494-00139364-00139659 and different stories within your own community.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00495-00139659-00140010 It'll be that the music that you hear in years to come.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00496-00140010-00140259 And we've all got songs where when you hear the music
9uaRgtr4AY4-00497-00140259-00140514 it takes you back to a particular moment.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00498-00140514-00140700 I want our music to be the soundtrack
9uaRgtr4AY4-00499-00140700-00140875 of what it is to live in Australia.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00500-00140976-00141264 And that is all possible if we get this right.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00501-00141264-00141483 I want at the end of this year
9uaRgtr4AY4-00502-00141483-00141675 for us to just turn that corner.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00503-00141762-00142161 And if we do that, life in Australia does change.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00504-00142263-00142554 People knowing each other better does happen.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00505-00142554-00142878 People learning about our communities does occur.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00506-00142878-00143343 And the power of our creativity just hits us.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00507-00143343-00143703 You know, I'm at one level, at many levels actually,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00508-00143703-00143893 incredibly jealous of what you all do.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00509-00144081-00144180 You know, for the three of us,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00510-00144180-00144624 if we're developing a policy and getting the law through,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00511-00144624-00144906 ultimately after a few years, if we've got it all right,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00512-00144906-00145323 we start to affect how people feel in their daily lives.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00513-00145323-00145539 If you are involved in narrative,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00514-00145539-00145851 you change how people feel on a roller coaster of emotions
9uaRgtr4AY4-00515-00145851-00146031 as you take them through it.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00516-00146031-00146178 If you are involved in music,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00517-00146178-00146436 you can change how people feel from that first bar.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00518-00146559-00146796 If you are involved in the visual arts,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00519-00146898-00147165 you can change how people feel from the first glance
9uaRgtr4AY4-00520-00147165-00147483 in that situation where our watch is telling us to leave
9uaRgtr4AY4-00521-00147483-00147693 and our legs are now controlled by our hearts
9uaRgtr4AY4-00522-00147693-00148193 telling us to stay as we just drink in the depth of a work.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00523-00148206-00148368 What you do is extraordinary.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00524-00148458-00148587 I can't do what you do.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00525-00148704-00148809 But if we get this right,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00526-00148809-00149277 we can give a higher stage for you to do it from,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00527-00149277-00149583 a bigger canvas and we can crank up your volume.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00528-00149667-00149916 (audience chuckles) And if we do all of that,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00529-00149916-00150309 it'll affect how Australians see themselves,
9uaRgtr4AY4-00530-00150309-00150750 how we know each other, and how the world knows us.
9uaRgtr4AY4-00531-00150750-00150855 So let's get to work.
9yAJFvEiXhy-00000-00000816-00001592 now we are relaxing
9yAJFvEiXhy-00001-00002576-00003256 hi guys so now we are at huahin and we are at Veranda resort okay so today we're going to be
9yAJFvEiXhy-00002-00003256-00003847 doing a vlog at huahin so let's go let's see we're gonna have fun in here for sure
9yAJFvEiXhy-00003-00003847-00004384 bye
9yAJFvEiXhy-00004-00005600-00005784 quickly
9yAJFvEiXhy-00005-00006559-00007528 hi let's come in this is a room tour so over here look we have like a place to hang out clothes and
9yAJFvEiXhy-00006-00007528-00008560 some towels and these are the safe they're over here okay let's go in come in come in and over
9yAJFvEiXhy-00007-00008560-00009304 here is like a table for us to just sit and we have some chairs over here and we have some
9yAJFvEiXhy-00008-00009376-00011368 fruits prepared by the hotel wow i don't know what is this for i think
9yAJFvEiXhy-00009-00011368-00012304 it's hell it's hanging for like towel oh yeah this is the bathtub wow it's so big so big i can just
9yAJFvEiXhy-00010-00012304-00013296 go down in there okay and it has a big mirror one yeah over there hi there hi and here's our sink
9yAJFvEiXhy-00011-00013528-00014184 the water is so cold and have some cups oh i think it's the oh it's the toilet that
9yAJFvEiXhy-00012-00014240-00014808 the toilet and the bathroom is connect together like in one room yeah and it's very weird for me
9yAJFvEiXhy-00013-00014912-00015447 like we can just close them because we can just like take a bath and go to the toilet
9yAJFvEiXhy-00014-00015447-00016128 at the same time there's someone there oh there's someone here who is it hello hello
9yAJFvEiXhy-00015-00016319-00017072 okay look over here so beautiful over there's the like not a pool but just a
9yAJFvEiXhy-00016-00017072-00017912 water like like that and we have this oh it's a little one here someone is here right now wow
9yAJFvEiXhy-00017-00017912-00018552 do you like it do you like it okay this is all the rule look there's a view over there
9yAJFvEiXhy-00018-00019560-00020296 so now we are heading to the swimming we are going to the swimming pool and the sea right
9yAJFvEiXhy-00019-00020296-00020736 we are already changed in our two-hour swimming suit and we're gonna go in the
9yAJFvEiXhy-00020-00020736-00021184 water drop in the water in the sea
9yAJFvEiXhy-00021-00022792-00023984 oh
9yAJFvEiXhy-00022-00024328-00025384 hey
9yAJFvEiXhy-00023-00026664-00026832 you to come sleep over here
9yAJFvEiXhy-00024-00027072-00027704 now we are flying at the sea here yeah
9yAJFvEiXhy-00025-00027704-00028183 shellacks
9yAJFvEiXhy-00026-00028527-00029583 foreign
9yAJFvEiXhy-00027-00030432-00031112 so now i already have a shower so now i'm gonna go to the restaurant and have dinner
9yAJFvEiXhy-00028-00031224-00031880 for today's dinner where are we going right now we are going to do a strong name and have fun
9yAJFvEiXhy-00029-00031952-00032648 really receive wood in time i didn't know it before like the restaurant name timo
9yAJFvEiXhy-00030-00032648-00033664 okay let's go so now we arrive at the restaurant i move right yes yes so let's go now yeah
9yAJFvEiXhy-00031-00034000-00035184 inside
9yAJFvEiXhy-00032-00036744-00037984 very great
9yAJFvEiXhy-00033-00038616-00038944 so now we are at the hotel ready we just
9yAJFvEiXhy-00034-00038944-00039384 arrived at the hotel right we just come from the restaurant to the hotel
9yAJFvEiXhy-00035-00041304-00042184 and we are going to have breakfast we just woke up and we're gonna go and have breakfast downstairs
9yAJFvEiXhy-00036-00045344-00045816 all right so right now i already finished my breakfast and i'm going to walk to the sea
9yAJFvEiXhy-00037-00045816-00046200 i'm going to walk to the sea to take some cool photos of the sea
9yAJFvEiXhy-00038-00046200-00046624 in the morning yeah i think it all looks good yeah i will take a photo of the sea
9yAJFvEiXhy-00039-00046680-00047168 oh thank you everyone for watching this video we need to go home now and goodbye to
9yAJFvEiXhy-00040-00047168-00047784 viranda so don't remember to please subscribe and like and chair okay
9C1eg65xfdY-00000-00000024-00000312 hello everybody and welcome to my cooking channel
9C1eg65xfdY-00001-00000312-00000600 I'm the Macedonian cook What chat making Dave?
9C1eg65xfdY-00002-00000656-00001184 today we're going to make a Canadian classic dating back many many years
9C1eg65xfdY-00003-00001328-00001760 the good old-fashioned butter tart right now we're just going to hop
9C1eg65xfdY-00004-00001760-00002272 into it and start making the filling we're going to put in our lovely brown sugar
9C1eg65xfdY-00005-00002536-00003215 just mix this up quick and voila nice and fine
9C1eg65xfdY-00006-00003320-00004384 I use honey I don't use corn syrup and we're just gonna dump that right into the bowl there
9C1eg65xfdY-00007-00005584-00006016 the next thing we're going to put in is our melted butter that we brought
9C1eg65xfdY-00008-00006016-00006784 back to room temperature and we'll just pour that right in the next thing our eggs
9C1eg65xfdY-00009-00006976-00007495 the last thing that we have to put in here is our vanilla
9C1eg65xfdY-00010-00008224-00009984 now a lot of recipes call for corn syrup but personally, I prefer honey
9C1eg65xfdY-00011-00011200-00011488 ladies and gentlemen, there we have it
9C1eg65xfdY-00012-00011728-00012896 our filling for the butter tarts is ready to go
9C1eg65xfdY-00013-00013528-00013656 hello everybody welcome back
9C1eg65xfdY-00014-00013736-00014184 this is the pie crust that we've made in another video
9C1eg65xfdY-00015-00014432-00014768 and we're about to finish off our lovely butter tarts
9C1eg65xfdY-00016-00014952-00015519 now I decided to get my little one bite out two bites whatever you want to call them
9C1eg65xfdY-00017-00015519-00015824 apparently, I have a big mouth and they're half bites for me
9C1eg65xfdY-00018-00015880-00016384 not even one bite or two bites perfect so we'll just make a couple of these quick
9C1eg65xfdY-00019-00017232-00018152 so how many do we need? twelve
9C1eg65xfdY-00020-00022584-00022888 alrighty we're gonna have a little fun here in our little pan
9C1eg65xfdY-00021-00023048-00023984 just gonna put them in like this
9C1eg65xfdY-00022-00027288-00027783 okay everybody welcome back we are going to build our lovely butter tarts
9C1eg65xfdY-00023-00028112-00028256 that's our lovely filling
9C1eg65xfdY-00024-00028512-00029095 okay perfect so here we go we're gonna fill each one of these lovely butter tarts up
9C1eg65xfdY-00025-00029224-00030127 takes a little care so you don't get it all over the place
9C1eg65xfdY-00026-00030480-00030983 oh my and what I did was with the raisins
9C1eg65xfdY-00027-00031360-00032024 just like when you're making tea boil a pot of hot water and in a bowl
9C1eg65xfdY-00028-00032095-00032488 put your raisins in the hot water to soften them up a little bit
9C1eg65xfdY-00029-00032488-00032664 that way they are nice and chewy
9C1eg65xfdY-00030-00032792-00033224 inside the butter tarts and not hard little rocks
9C1eg65xfdY-00031-00033320-00035184 people are wondering if it's pecans but no they are raisins
9C1eg65xfdY-00032-00039416-00039736 and what we're going to do is we're just going to use a little spoon here
9C1eg65xfdY-00033-00040152-00040424 put a little bit of our butter tart filling inside
9C1eg65xfdY-00034-00040704-00040784 oops
9C1eg65xfdY-00035-00042088-00042272 well you know what let's bake it off
9C1eg65xfdY-00036-00042344-00042544 anyways [camera person laughing]
9C1eg65xfdY-00037-00042544-00043304 we have two different types of toppings we have glossette chocolate covered raisins
9C1eg65xfdY-00038-00043424-00043840 and we have our regular raisins that we soaked in some boiling water
9C1eg65xfdY-00039-00043840-00044984 so all I'm going to do here is put a couple raisins in each one
9C1eg65xfdY-00040-00045048-00046384 and we'll leave those plain so our first row
9C1eg65xfdY-00041-00046976-00047784 now something that I do
9C1eg65xfdY-00042-00049328-00049632 some people wonder why do you go through so much trouble
9C1eg65xfdY-00043-00049760-00050216 to put the exact same amount in? well part of my whole stick is I like something
9C1eg65xfdY-00044-00050280-00050680 and I want it to be the same every single time so that's why I do it in a specific order
9C1eg65xfdY-00045-00050904-00051648 like I remember when I was younger and I didn't have any patience I basically would just throw
9C1eg65xfdY-00046-00051648-00052096 everything in together mix it up and well some would have one
9C1eg65xfdY-00047-00052096-00053384 raisin some would have 10 raisins that was not acceptable in the baking world
9C1eg65xfdY-00048-00053576-00054160 all right ladies and gentlemen these ones are done I'm going to throw them into the oven and we
9C1eg65xfdY-00049-00054160-00054791 will be back to join you to show you the final product momentarily
9C1eg65xfdY-00050-00054791-00055391 alrighty everyone welcome back the butter tarts are finished
9C1eg65xfdY-00051-00055391-00056232 I baked them at 350 for about 10 minutes the last five to six minutes I turned on
9C1eg65xfdY-00052-00056232-00056728 the broiler and finish them off to give them that lovely crunchy top here
9C1eg65xfdY-00053-00056904-00057160 so I'm gonna pull one of these out hopefully, I don't break it
9C1eg65xfdY-00054-00057160-00057391 is there any specific one that you would like to try?
9C1eg65xfdY-00055-00057448-00057984 would you like to try it with the raisins? the glosssetes? or just plain?
9C1eg65xfdY-00056-00058479-00059040 just the plain one alrighty so I'm going to try to get one of these
9C1eg65xfdY-00057-00059296-00060384 lovely butter tarts out here for you and I will show everybody how they turned out
9C1eg65xfdY-00058-00060808-00060960 don't forget to click like
9C1eg65xfdY-00059-00060960-00061232 subscribe join us for more videos
9C1eg65xfdY-00060-00061488-00062248 don't forget to leave a comment thanks for joining us, everyone
9DKmbU96UC0-00000-00000394-00001488 In this video, we're going to talk about Proof of Work consensus, and how Proof of Work consensus is used to create an immutable chain of block data on the blockchain.
9DKmbU96UC0-00001-00001516-00002430 Let's take a small example. Let's say we have some block data and, in the interest of simplicity, we will keep this very, very short.
9DKmbU96UC0-00002-00002430-00003082 But understand that in real life a block will most likely contain many more than just three transactions.
9DKmbU96UC0-00003-00003136-00003644 But on this block, we have a full block consisting of three transactions.
9DKmbU96UC0-00004-00003746-00004524 When it's time to validate a full block, all nodes on the network will start to guess a nonce value.
9DKmbU96UC0-00005-00004570-00005908 What we're looking for is a nonce value such that when we take our input transaction data and we combine it with a nonce value, we get a hash output that matches the difficulty.
9DKmbU96UC0-00006-00005908-00006562 In this case, the difficulty is a hash output that begins with four leading zeros.
9DKmbU96UC0-00007-00006584-00007352 Every node on the network will guess a different nonce randomly until they happen to find one that matches the difficulty.
9DKmbU96UC0-00008-00007408-00008498 So, our node may start off by guessing "123", and we see that that does not produce a hash output that matches the difficulty of four leading zeros.
9DKmbU96UC0-00009-00008498-00009610 Let's try again. Let's try "973321". Once again, that does not give us a hash output that matches the desired difficulty.
9DKmbU96UC0-00010-00009644-00010244 [So], rather than guess over and over and over, let's go ahead and ask a computer to do our work for us.
9DKmbU96UC0-00011-00010264-00011556 The computer is now guessing different nonce values randomly until it happens to guess "22294", which you see produces a hash that begins with four leading zeros.
9DKmbU96UC0-00012-00011628-00013294 Because this hash is the output of input to a hash function consisting not only of the transaction data, but also of the nonce, changing either one will result in a new hash output which does not match the difficulty.
9DKmbU96UC0-00013-00013302-00014252 If I change "22294" to "22295", you'll see I get a hash output which no longer meets the difficulty criteria.
9DKmbU96UC0-00014-00014304-00015606 However, if I change any of my transaction data, I'm also altering the input to the hash function, and thus generating an output which is completely different from the desired outcome.
9DKmbU96UC0-00015-00015730-00016624 In this way, nodes or miners on a network can validate they have the same transaction data.
9DKmbU96UC0-00016-00016692-00017586 If we all start randomly guessing nonce values for this set of data and my node guesses "22294" first,
9DKmbU96UC0-00017-00017590-00018176 all it has to do is simply share this nonce value with every other node on the network.
9DKmbU96UC0-00018-00018214-00018968 Each node can then try this value "22294" on their copy of the transaction data.
9DKmbU96UC0-00019-00019010-00020242 If any of the data has been altered or changed in any way, no matter how insignificant, or the node in question simply did not record the data correctly, this nonce value will not work for them.
9DKmbU96UC0-00020-00020242-00021204 For example, if we change "4.2 bitcoin" to "4.9 bitcoin", you'll see that the proposed nonce does not work.
9DKmbU96UC0-00021-00021294-00022168 In this way, all nodes can come to consensus or agreement on what the right set of transaction data should be.
9DKmbU96UC0-00022-00022194-00022782 When a node thinks it's guessed the right nonce, it simply shares that value with the rest of the network.
9DKmbU96UC0-00023-00022826-00023894 If the majority of the network, 51% or more, agree with this nonce, because they have the same transaction data on their copy of the block,
9DKmbU96UC0-00024-00023986-00025074 then the miner who guessed this number first, will be rewarded and the network will come to consensus or agree that this is the correct version of the block data.
9DKmbU96UC0-00025-00025156-00026314 Any nodes which have different data for the current block will then discard the copy of the current block they have and replace it with a copy that the rest of the network has agreed upon.
9DKmbU96UC0-00026-00026536-00027108 This method is used to create blocks of data chained together.
9DKmbU96UC0-00027-00027324-00027802 So let's say, that we have some transaction data here on the blockchain.
9DKmbU96UC0-00028-00027827-00028076 We're gonna go ahead and mine our first block.
9DKmbU96UC0-00029-00028145-00029076 Now, you'll notice what we've added in this demo is the hash of the previous block, which is something we store in the header of every block on the blockchain.
9DKmbU96UC0-00030-00029110-00029604 Because this is the first block, I simply get a previous hash value of zero.
9DKmbU96UC0-00031-00029604-00030639 Combining zero with the current transaction data on the block and the proposed nonce gives me a hash that meets the output difficulty.
9DKmbU96UC0-00032-00030738-00031288 When it's time to validate the second block, the process repeats itself.
9DKmbU96UC0-00033-00031288-00032480 I simply take the hash of the previous block stored in the header of the current block, combine it with the transaction data in the current block, and try to guess the correct nonce.
9DKmbU96UC0-00034-00032492-00032748 In this case, it's "12314"
9DKmbU96UC0-00035-00032856-00033928 As discussed in our video on cryptographic hashing, changing any of the input data, no matter how slight, will result in an entirely different hash.
9DKmbU96UC0-00036-00033934-00034792 So, if I try and change "2.3" to "2.9", I no longer get an output which matches the current difficulty.
9DKmbU96UC0-00037-00034838-00035392 This new output is also reflected in the header of the next subsequent block.
9DKmbU96UC0-00038-00035704-00037118 If I have a series of blocks that have all been mined and linked together, then you can see that going and changing data on any block will break every subsequent block after it.
9DKmbU96UC0-00039-00037202-00038400 So, if I try to alter this record "David pays Charlie 2.3 bitcoin" and I want to change it to "5.3 bitcoin", I change the hash output of the current block.
9DKmbU96UC0-00040-00038400-00038798 This is reflected in the current block and also in the next block.
9DKmbU96UC0-00041-00038850-00039968 Now, the nonce proposed for the next block does not work when combined with that block's transaction data and with the hash of the previous block.
9DKmbU96UC0-00042-00040032-00041490 This means that if I want to alter data on the blockchain, not only do I need to remind the block that I changed the data on, I also need to remind every subsequent block in the blockchain.
9DKmbU96UC0-00043-00041496-00042278 This is no trivial task when you consider that major blockchain such as Bitcoin and Ethereum contain millions of blocks.
9DKmbU96UC0-00044-00042300-00043064 And this process must be repeated on tens of thousands of nodes worldwide in a very short amount of time.
9DKmbU96UC0-00045-00043152-00044648 This ability to link together blocks in an immutable fashion and to cause attackers to have to undertake so much work, repeated so many times is what gives blockchain its security and immutability.
9DKmbU96UC0-00046-00044696-00045532 I hope you've learned a little bit more about Proof of Work consensus and how blocks on the blockchain are linked together through watching this video.
9IQAJxx9xzo-00000-00002800-00004384 oh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00001-00004824-00005784 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00002-00006536-00007184 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00003-00012944-00014184 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00004-00014312-00015584 uh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00005-00018832-00019784 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00006-00021936-00022584 bye
9IQAJxx9xzo-00007-00023728-00023984 uh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00008-00024384-00025384 foreign
9IQAJxx9xzo-00009-00027104-00028183 um
9IQAJxx9xzo-00010-00028295-00029583 i just
9IQAJxx9xzo-00011-00032864-00033784 uh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00012-00034024-00035184 uh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00013-00037008-00037984 um
9IQAJxx9xzo-00014-00038200-00039384 i just
9IQAJxx9xzo-00015-00042768-00043584 i just wanted
9IQAJxx9xzo-00016-00044192-00044984 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00017-00046648-00047784 okay
9IQAJxx9xzo-00018-00049496-00050584 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00019-00051032-00051984 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00020-00052504-00053384 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00021-00055167-00056184 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00022-00057640-00058984 uh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00023-00062352-00063184 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00024-00064896-00065984 bye
9IQAJxx9xzo-00025-00068296-00068784 after something going on
9IQAJxx9xzo-00026-00069464-00070184 there's nothing going on
9IQAJxx9xzo-00027-00070616-00071584 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00028-00073472-00074384 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00029-00078232-00078584 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00030-00079376-00079984 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00031-00080128-00081384 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00032-00082824-00084184 um
9IQAJxx9xzo-00033-00085232-00085584 yes
9IQAJxx9xzo-00034-00093168-00093984 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00035-00098848-00099584 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00036-00101456-00102384 uh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00037-00103832-00105183 all right
9IQAJxx9xzo-00038-00106072-00106583 me
9IQAJxx9xzo-00039-00106928-00107983 uh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00040-00108480-00109383 uh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00041-00112432-00113583 uh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00042-00113816-00114983 wanna do this
9IQAJxx9xzo-00043-00115144-00116383 you see
9IQAJxx9xzo-00044-00118816-00119183 uh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00045-00123656-00124816 oh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00046-00124816-00126183 oh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00047-00133296-00134584 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00048-00135608-00135984 please
9IQAJxx9xzo-00049-00139336-00140184 here we go
9IQAJxx9xzo-00050-00142176-00142984 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00051-00150344-00151384 see you walking past me
9IQAJxx9xzo-00052-00151856-00152784 oh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00053-00159560-00161184 see you walking past me down
9IQAJxx9xzo-00054-00162608-00163984 i'll see you all
9IQAJxx9xzo-00055-00164088-00165424 oh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00056-00165424-00166784 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00057-00169264-00169584 me
9IQAJxx9xzo-00058-00169848-00170984 always
9IQAJxx9xzo-00059-00172928-00173784 hey
9IQAJxx9xzo-00060-00174304-00175208 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00061-00175208-00176584 me
9IQAJxx9xzo-00062-00177528-00177984 um
9IQAJxx9xzo-00063-00178808-00179384 oh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00064-00183440-00183584 no
9IQAJxx9xzo-00065-00183768-00184984 oh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00066-00191840-00191984 gold
9IQAJxx9xzo-00067-00192216-00193384 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00068-00201640-00201784 no
9IQAJxx9xzo-00069-00202024-00203184 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00070-00206480-00207384 you're not going to give me
9IQAJxx9xzo-00071-00207976-00208784 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00072-00209823-00210184 do
9IQAJxx9xzo-00073-00215792-00217184 oh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00074-00221032-00221384 hey
9IQAJxx9xzo-00075-00222023-00222784 six
9IQAJxx9xzo-00076-00225536-00226984 yes
9IQAJxx9xzo-00077-00228112-00228384 thanks
9IQAJxx9xzo-00078-00228736-00229784 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00079-00230023-00231184 it's the deal
9IQAJxx9xzo-00080-00235728-00236784 what's the deal
9IQAJxx9xzo-00081-00237640-00238184 mr
9IQAJxx9xzo-00082-00245623-00246584 just
9IQAJxx9xzo-00083-00258280-00259184 do
9IQAJxx9xzo-00084-00260512-00261984 you shoot
9IQAJxx9xzo-00085-00262304-00263384 oh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00086-00266280-00267584 foreign
9IQAJxx9xzo-00087-00269216-00270384 everything you shoot
9IQAJxx9xzo-00088-00271512-00271784 yes
9IQAJxx9xzo-00089-00273584-00274584 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00090-00275128-00275984 thank you
9IQAJxx9xzo-00091-00279504-00280184 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00092-00281440-00281584 okay
9IQAJxx9xzo-00093-00281848-00282984 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00094-00283208-00284384 uh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00095-00284656-00285784 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00096-00290704-00291384 is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00097-00291640-00292784 up
9IQAJxx9xzo-00098-00293152-00294184 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00099-00294768-00295584 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00100-00299784-00301184 let's go
9IQAJxx9xzo-00101-00301472-00302584 all right
9IQAJxx9xzo-00102-00303800-00303984 hey
9IQAJxx9xzo-00103-00310960-00310984 oh
9IQAJxx9xzo-00104-00312768-00313784 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00105-00320024-00320784 put your hands up in the air
9IQAJxx9xzo-00106-00321288-00322184 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00107-00328024-00329184 put your hands up in the air
9IQAJxx9xzo-00108-00333968-00334784 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00109-00339624-00341784 uh is
9IQAJxx9xzo-00110-00343744-00344584 do
9IQAJxx9xzo-00111-00348960-00350184 you
9IQAJxx9xzo-00112-00354776-00355784 so
9IQAJxx9xzo-00113-00360408-00361384 you
9IQAJxx9xzo-00114-00362528-00362784 ah
9IQAJxx9xzo-00115-00363728-00363736 you
9JS8DhPOVaI-00000-00000441-00000842 Hi! I'm Winnie, I'm the founder of Vintage Heirloom.com.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00001-00000842-00001206 We specialize in selling vintage designer brands,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00002-00001206-00001680 such as Louis Vuitton, Celine, Gucci and Chanel.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00003-00001680-00002021 One of the brands I'm going to talk about today is Chanel.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00004-00002021-00002431 Buying vintage authentic Chanel, is a minefield.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00005-00002431-00002897 So i'm going to discuss and show you the top 10 examples the differences between authentic 
9JS8DhPOVaI-00006-00002897-00003311 and replica Chanel bags. And in particular,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00007-00003311-00003796 these two models the 2.55 Chanel classic flag bag.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00008-00003896-00004440 Here, I have two, 2.55 classic flap bags, in the popular 10 inch size. 
9JS8DhPOVaI-00009-00004440-00004724 One is authentic, and one is replica. 
9JS8DhPOVaI-00010-00004724-00004965 Please take a moment to have a look at both bags. 
9JS8DhPOVaI-00011-00004965-00005348 Can you spot the difference between the two?
9JS8DhPOVaI-00012-00005348-00005550 This one here,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00013-00005550-00005809 is actually authentic
9JS8DhPOVaI-00014-00005809-00006174 and this one here is a replica.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00015-00006174-00006532 One of the most obvious comparisons between the two is the leather.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00016-00006532-00006888 Real 2.55 bags use lambskin leather.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00017-00006888-00007227 Lambskin, as it's name suggests is made from a lamb.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00018-00007227-00007533 it's known for it's buttery softness,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00019-00007533-00007695 it's very delicate,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00020-00007695-00008031 and it is often a very expensive leather to use.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00021-00008031-00008355 People get confused about lambskin and calf skin.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00022-00008355-00008985 Calfskin is from a young cow, and is much more durable and hard wearing than lambskin. 
9JS8DhPOVaI-00023-00008985-00009261 and the calfskins are used on the shoppers the totes
9JS8DhPOVaI-00024-00009361-00009793 and the Cambon Ligne lines, and the grande and petite shoppers.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00025-00009893-00010221 Now we are going to look at the turnstile lock and the hardware.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00026-00010221-00010749 The double C lock is one of the most recognisable designs on the 2.55 bag.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00027-00010749-00011160 This iconic lock was designed by Karl Largerfield  in the mid eighties.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00028-00011160-00011549 The original 2.55 lock, designed by Chanel herself is very different to
9JS8DhPOVaI-00029-00011549-00012104 what you see now. It's rectangular in shape and has no logo or Chanel stamping.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00030-00012104-00012513 The double C lock is also referred to as the 'Mademoiselle' lock,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00031-00012513-00012683 as Chanel never married.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00032-00012683-00012989 Looking at the two turnstile locks
9JS8DhPOVaI-00033-00012989-00013199 the replica version 
9JS8DhPOVaI-00034-00013199-00013363 has a thinner C
9JS8DhPOVaI-00035-00013363-00013859 and it's slightly shorter, and it has a rounded finish.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00036-00013859-00014434 The authentic version has a slightly wider C, slightly longer, 
9JS8DhPOVaI-00037-00014434-00014722 and it has a flat edge finish. 
9JS8DhPOVaI-00038-00014722-00014994 also as a rule of thumb, 
9JS8DhPOVaI-00039-00014994-00015208 looking at the turnstile lock
9JS8DhPOVaI-00040-00015208-00015715 the right C should always be over the left C hook.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00041-00015715-00015978 A lot of people ask me what these markings mean.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00042-00015978-00016402 in which sometimes you find on the left hand or the right hand or the bottom
9JS8DhPOVaI-00043-00016402-00016581 left or right.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00044-00016581-00016631 These
9JS8DhPOVaI-00045-00016631-00016970 mean the country of origin where the bag was made.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00046-00016970-00017185 Where there is a marking,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00047-00017185-00017681 the bag is usually made in France. So if there is a marking here,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00048-00017681-00017830 and open...
9JS8DhPOVaI-00049-00017830-00018140 it should say made in France in the bag.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00050-00018140-00018384 Where the hardware has no marking,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00051-00018384-00018911 then the bag is made in Italy. Another important thing about the turnstile lock
9JS8DhPOVaI-00052-00018911-00019139 if you flip the bag over
9JS8DhPOVaI-00053-00019139-00019481 the backplate should have flat head screws.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00054-00019481-00019728 On the left it should say Chanel,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00055-00019728-00020031 and on the right it should say Paris.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00056-00020188-00020380 Now we are going to look at the stitching.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00057-00020380-00020748 Designer high end bags should have a high stitch count.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00058-00020748-00020949 this ensures durability.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00059-00020949-00021414 It is also a costly production process as the needles go through a lot of wear and tear.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00060-00021414-00021890 Authentic bags should have more than 10 stitches per 1 inch.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00061-00021890-00022358 This replica version has a low stitch count. You can tell by the overall puffiness
9JS8DhPOVaI-00062-00022358-00022723 and padded look of this bag.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00063-00022853-00023255 Now we are going to look at the lining. The lining is often overlooked.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00064-00023255-00023644 A sign of a quality item is the lining, and this is a good indication of
9JS8DhPOVaI-00065-00023644-00024037 whether a bag is authentic or a replica.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00066-00024037-00024283 Let's look at the authentic bag.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00067-00024283-00024409 As you can see,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00068-00024409-00024839 the lining lies beautifully flat against the bag.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00069-00024909-00025179 it fits snuggly, with no lumps or bumps showing.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00070-00025179-00025504 Also it's quite difficult for me,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00071-00025504-00025841 to, separate the lining.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00072-00025841-00026184 I'm doing this with some difficulty here.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00073-00026184-00026519 If we compare this to the replica version,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00074-00026519-00026752 the lining inside...
9JS8DhPOVaI-00075-00026752-00026950 it's very baggy and loose,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00076-00026950-00027264 it's a sign of a poorly constructed bag.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00077-00027264-00027745 It's also very easy for me to pull out the lining.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00078-00027845-00028174 Now we are going to look at the Chanel stamping.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00079-00028174-00028402 If we open the bag.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00080-00028402-00028516 The Chanel stamping should
9JS8DhPOVaI-00081-00028516-00028958 sit one and a half centimetres below the quilted C.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00082-00028958-00029234 It should say Chanel on one side.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00083-00029234-00029912 And opposite is should say made in France. So, it looks like it is mirroring each other.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00084-00029912-00030165 Another thing to look out for,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00085-00030165-00030469 it the gaps between the two double Cs.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00086-00030469-00031103 This distance should match the distance between this C and this C.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00087-00031103-00031327 Now we are going to look at the replica version.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00088-00031327-00031512 Lift up the flap.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00089-00031512-00031677 As you can see,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00090-00031677-00032240 it says Chanel and made in France all on one side of the bag.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00091-00032240-00032421 Now this is true,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00092-00032421-00032894 but only on the caviar skin version, not on the lambskin.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00093-00032894-00033594 So, this is the authentic caviar skin version and as you can see it says Chanel,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00094-00033612-00033869 and made in France all on one side.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00095-00033869-00034125 And also please note, the caviar skin version
9JS8DhPOVaI-00096-00034125-00034408 has a black lining.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00097-00034508-00034612 Now we are going to look
9JS8DhPOVaI-00098-00034612-00035241 at the chain straps. The allure of the 2.55 is the famous chain and leather straps.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00099-00035241-00035437 the authentic version
9JS8DhPOVaI-00100-00035437-00035961 the gold chain hardware is actually gilded with 24 carat gold and it is recognisable by,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00101-00035961-00036194 it's yellow gold appearance.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00102-00036194-00036558 it should also be heavy in weight.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00103-00036558-00036777 if we compare...
9JS8DhPOVaI-00104-00036777-00037030 to the replica version,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00105-00037030-00037220 the chain strap,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00106-00037220-00037545 is a pale yellow gold colour.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00107-00037545-00037874 so it's obviously not gilded in 24 carat gold.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00108-00037874-00038162 And if we have the links side by side,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00109-00038162-00038549 the authentic version is actually a smaller link.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00110-00038749-00039005 Now we are going to look at the shape  of the bag.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00111-00039005-00039346 Let's compare the bags side by side.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00112-00039346-00039762 As you can see on the replica version the corners are more rounded.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00113-00039762-00040350 It's a sign that the bag has not been  turned out properly.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00114-00040350-00040787 and on the authentic version it is more squared off.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00115-00040787-00041105 Now we are going to compare the quilting on the bags.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00116-00041105-00041384 Quilting on the 2.55,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00117-00041384-00042084 should always maintain a consistent diamond pattern, even when the bag is closed.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00118-00042093-00042345 And when you turn the bag over,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00119-00042345-00042546 where the pocket sits,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00120-00042546-00042724 it should still maintain,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00121-00042724-00042972 a good diamond pattern shape.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00122-00042972-00043227 like this, should be consistent,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00123-00043227-00043609 and should be running parallel.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00124-00043609-00043822 Now the replica version, even I have to say
9JS8DhPOVaI-00125-00043822-00044084 they have done a pretty good job.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00126-00044084-00044303 When the bag is closed the quilting
9JS8DhPOVaI-00127-00044303-00044776 is running in a good shape,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00128-00044776-00045084 and it's not too bad at the back either.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00129-00045084-00045366 but i have seen replica versions where,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00130-00045366-00045538 there are loose threads,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00131-00045538-00045738 and there are marks of glue,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00132-00045738-00046168 obviously it's done very cheaply and quickly.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00133-00046268-00046493 Now we are going to look at serial stickers.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00134-00046493-00047091 Serial stickers were first introduced in 1984 and continue to be used to the present day.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00135-00047091-00047518 Bags predating this, do not have  stickers.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00136-00047518-00047611 The sticker,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00137-00047611-00047986 signifies that bag model and year of manufacture.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00138-00047986-00048263 I'm going to show you three examples,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00139-00048263-00048526 a six digit code,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00140-00048526-00048859 for example seen here,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00141-00048859-00049244 signifies that this bag was made some time between  1984,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00142-00049244-00049552 and 1986.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00143-00049552-00049784 7 digit codes,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00144-00049784-00049916 for example,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00145-00049916-00050194 this bag here.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00146-00050194-00050537 means that this bags was made sometime between 1986,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00147-00050537-00051038 and 2004.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00148-00051038-00051336 and 8 digit codes,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00149-00051336-00051795 which is seen in this bag here...
9JS8DhPOVaI-00150-00051795-00051929 means it's a model,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00151-00051929-00052179 made in 2005,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00152-00052179-00052354 to present day.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00153-00052354-00052841 Channel do not made produce bags with serial numbers beyond 8 digits.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00154-00052841-00053363 If you see a bag with 9 digits or more, it's obviously a fake.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00155-00053363-00053745 On the 2.55, the serial sticker should be found,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00156-00053745-00054095 on the bottom lefthand corner,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00157-00054095-00054298 as seen here.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00158-00054298-00054706 Customers often get hung up on a serial stickers and authenticity cards.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00159-00054706-00054858 in my opinion,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00160-00054858-00054916 these are the,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00161-00054916-00055225 easiest things for a replica companies to copy.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00162-00055225-00055680 Just because a bag doesn't have a sticker, it doesn't mean it is not authentic.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00163-00055680-00056161 For example, styles from the mid eighties to the mid nineties, the serial sticker,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00164-00056161-00056324 was literally just a sticker,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00165-00056324-00056560 so it could be easily rubbed off.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00166-00056560-00056822 So don't worry if you can find one.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00167-00057022-00057386 And finally we are going to look at authenticity cards.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00168-00057386-00057890 The card system was introduced the same time as the serial sticker.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00169-00057890-00058297 Here, I have some replica cards...
9JS8DhPOVaI-00170-00058297-00058860 If we look at this card first, If I hold it up to the light, it has a hologram effect.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00171-00058860-00059191 a sort of rainbowy hue.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00172-00059191-00059857 This is a sign it is a replica because authentic cards do not have this hologram effect.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00173-00059857-00060011 Another example,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00174-00060011-00060254 is this card here,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00175-00060254-00060555 if you notice, the card,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00176-00060555-00060751 is misaligned.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00177-00060751-00061334 it's not even printed straight! Also, when I touch the card it feels like cardboard,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00178-00061334-00061687 it doesn't have the consistency of a credit card.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00179-00061687-00061991 Here I have two authentic cards.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00180-00061991-00062235 They do not have a hologram sheen,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00181-00062235-00062607 and they have the consistency of a credit card.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00182-00062607-00062957 People ask me what this grey symbols means.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00183-00062957-00063291 Often people mistake this a a fake card.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00184-00063291-00063483 However, this is not the case.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00185-00063483-00063983 It means that the card and bag were made from 2005 onwards.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00186-00063983-00064412 The card with no symbol was pre 2005.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00187-00064562-00064711 And finally,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00188-00064711-00065135 I think personally for me the biggest difference between replica and authentic bags 
9JS8DhPOVaI-00189-00065135-00065341 is the quality.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00190-00065341-00065589 This authentic version here,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00191-00065589-00065746 is over 20 years old,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00192-00065746-00066162 and it's condition is immaculate. It is testimony,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00193-00066162-00066335 to Chanel craftmanship,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00194-00066335-00066747 as Chanel use the best artisans and the best materials.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00195-00066747-00067018 This bag was made to last.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00196-00067018-00067273 Unlike the replica here.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00197-00067273-00067504 Ok it's a fraction of the price,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00198-00067504-00067675 but you get what you pay for.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00199-00067675-00067947 Replica bags will cut corners.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00200-00067947-00068223 They use the cheapest and quickest methods.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00201-00068223-00068348 The quality
9JS8DhPOVaI-00202-00068348-00068474 is not equal,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00203-00068474-00068784 to the authentic version.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00204-00068884-00069382 So in summary, the top 10 things you should look out for, are...
9JS8DhPOVaI-00205-00069382-00069607 The quality of leather.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00206-00069607-00069931 The turnstile lock and hardware.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00207-00069931-00070124 The stitch count.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00208-00070124-00070273 The lining.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00209-00070273-00070504 The Chanel stamping.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00210-00070504-00070739 The chain straps.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00211-00070739-00070972 The overall shape.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00212-00070972-00071177 Quilting.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00213-00071177-00071387 Serial sticker.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00214-00071387-00071698 And the authenticity card.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00215-00071798-00071966 Thank you for watching this film,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00216-00071966-00072123 my name is Winnie.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00217-00072123-00072488 All the information on this film has been researched,
9JS8DhPOVaI-00218-00072488-00072809 and collated over the years by myself.
9JS8DhPOVaI-00219-00072809-00073232 For more fabulous vintage Chanel, please  visit my website
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9JS8DhPOVaI-00221-00073454-00073560 I'll see you again soon.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00000-00000000-00000183 Do you know that saying?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00001-00000218-00000580 The only remedy for love is to love more.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00002-00000604-00000853 It's early to say where this relationship is headed,
9KGjo0YW3mE-00003-00000921-00001172 but still, the last few days have been pretty tough.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00004-00001338-00001632 I just want us to have some fun today.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00005-00001775-00001853 Hello?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00006-00001963-00002191 So I was looking forward to our date.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00007-00003063-00003173 Have you eaten anything?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00008-00003242-00003319 No, I haven't.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00009-00003319-00003449 Well, stay for a meal then.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00010-00003449-00003646 I don't like to eat by myself.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00011-00003787-00003958 I'm still on the job.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00012-00003958-00004088 I have to work hard, so that
9KGjo0YW3mE-00013-00004088-00004293 more people receive more benefits.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00014-00004351-00004635 You're really affable, but you sound so formal.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00015-00004734-00004870 I'll come and see you again.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00016-00004944-00005020 Take care.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00017-00005020-00005087 Thank you.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00018-00005164-00005373 I was pretty miserable that night.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00019-00005929-00006036 Oh, well!
9KGjo0YW3mE-00020-00006158-00006280 I swore an oath.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00021-00006349-00006645 There will be no man in my life.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00022-00006720-00007023 I thought it was going to be a fun day for both of us,
9KGjo0YW3mE-00023-00007091-00007256 so I cleaned up nicely.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00024-00007334-00007438 But well..
9KGjo0YW3mE-00025-00007571-00007747 It wasn't like we were in a relationship.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00026-00007794-00007970 I tried to figure out why I felt so hurt.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00027-00007970-00008130 He just wanted someone to talk to
9KGjo0YW3mE-00028-00008130-00008337 and to have a drink with.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00029-00008337-00008589 Am I not an important person?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00030-00008708-00008822 To anyone...
9KGjo0YW3mE-00031-00008960-00009167 Well, go ahead and meet your ex-girlfriend!
9KGjo0YW3mE-00032-00009411-00009604 I was his prior engagement...
9KGjo0YW3mE-00033-00009844-00009983 It feels like he dumped me.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00034-00010159-00010303 All I can do now
9KGjo0YW3mE-00035-00010359-00010605 is to pretend that he didn't hurt me.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00036-00012017-00012181 I drank too much yesterday.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00037-00012747-00012830 Are you feeling alright?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00038-00013187-00013349 Oh, yes, never better.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00039-00013448-00013581 You're not sick or anything?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00040-00013683-00013811 I'm okay, really.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00041-00013910-00014016 I could run to the pharmacy...
9KGjo0YW3mE-00042-00014016-00014112 I said, I'm okay.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00043-00014993-00015104 How embarrassing...
9KGjo0YW3mE-00044-00016200-00016375 Why do I run into him so often?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00045-00016941-00017198 As the statistical survey period was close to the end,
9KGjo0YW3mE-00046-00017297-00017501 I began to think about
9KGjo0YW3mE-00047-00017630-00017758 our relationship.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00048-00018638-00018851 When I needed him, he didn't show up, and now..
9KGjo0YW3mE-00049-00019950-00020023 Ms. Dami.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00050-00020265-00020395 Yesterday, I was...
9KGjo0YW3mE-00051-00020444-00020526 It's alright.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00052-00020596-00020684 I am sorry.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00053-00020865-00021080 After listening to your words,
9KGjo0YW3mE-00054-00021080-00021221 I could finally let her go.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00055-00021304-00021501 You said that a one-sided relationship isn't a real relationship.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00056-00021765-00021917 What are you trying to say?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00057-00022068-00022254 Not seeing you made me realize something.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00058-00022367-00022556 I want you back in my life.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00059-00022657-00022819 You were the one who wanted to break up.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00060-00022891-00023087 And I agreed without even knowing why.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00061-00023337-00023557 Now you suddenly want me back.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00062-00023557-00023664 Am I supposed to just say yes?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00063-00023894-00024212 You were always there for me.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00064-00024256-00024372 Always waiting for me.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00065-00024484-00024618 Please do it this time too.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00066-00024836-00025048 When you called me, I was curious,
9KGjo0YW3mE-00067-00025264-00025380 and also tempted.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00068-00025559-00025682 But now I see things clearly.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00069-00025846-00025943 What do you mean?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00070-00026174-00026284 Look, I'm sorry.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00071-00026434-00026522 No, I am sorry.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00072-00026630-00026729 I was kidding myself.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00073-00026926-00027114 I thought a one-sided relationship was still love.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00074-00027450-00027556 So...
9KGjo0YW3mE-00075-00027752-00027846 Well?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00076-00027979-00028218 Don't avoid me or get awkward with me.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00077-00029161-00029562 I'm from the National Statistical Office for the Population and Housing Census.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00078-00029833-00030035 It must be quite tiresome
9KGjo0YW3mE-00079-00030035-00030187 to visit one house after another.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00080-00030187-00030597 These days, people feel uncomfortable about doing the survey at their home.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00081-00030597-00031022 So there are other ways to do it, like by phone or mobile in advance.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00082-00031052-00031331 If I had done it beforehand, I could have save you some trouble.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00083-00031424-00031524 No, it's fine.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00084-00031524-00031864 I can't thank you enough for participating in the survey.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00085-00032895-00033116 Why do I always get places like this?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00086-00033725-00033794 Ms. Dami.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00087-00033839-00034125 Oh, Mr. Seok-jin, are you done?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00088-00034126-00034288 Yes, I'm done.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00089-00034537-00034745 I still have two more places to go.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00090-00034829-00034947 Do you want me to take one?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00091-00034947-00035053 You mean it?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00092-00035220-00035345 I have the last
9KGjo0YW3mE-00093-00035384-00035638 two addresses here.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00094-00035682-00035935 Please take no. 30.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00095-00036070-00036266 Let's meet over there after we're done.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00096-00036266-00036381 Okay, thanks.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00097-00036455-00036538 Ahm,
9KGjo0YW3mE-00098-00036624-00036753 would you like to have a drink afterwards?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00099-00037003-00037157 Yeah, sure.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00100-00037437-00037544 No.30 is over there..
9KGjo0YW3mE-00101-00037645-00037720 See you later.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00102-00038064-00038307 I'm from the National Statistical Office for the Population and Housing Census.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00103-00039595-00039699 How's Dami doing?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00104-00039888-00040097 She's doing great.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00105-00040280-00040387 Are you dating Dami?
9KGjo0YW3mE-00106-00040869-00041159 Dami and I were together for 5 years.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00107-00041311-00041520 We used to fight a lot,
9KGjo0YW3mE-00108-00041579-00041704 and had several breakups.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00109-00041882-00042035 One time, after a break-up,
9KGjo0YW3mE-00110-00042035-00042195 we didn't see each other for over a month.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00111-00042511-00042646 Still, we'll see each other again.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00112-00042814-00042928 No matter how many times
9KGjo0YW3mE-00113-00043009-00043220 we break up, we always end up together.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00114-00043906-00044052 Oh, give me a minute please.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00115-00045956-00046140 Dami left these things in my house.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00116-00046302-00046516 She called me to ask for them, so I put them in a bag.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00117-00046690-00046782 But she hasn't come for it.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00118-00046922-00047113 If I go to her place, she won't even show her face.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00119-00047388-00047507 But that's typical Dami.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00120-00047589-00047838 She wants us to get back together, but too proud to say it.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00121-00047938-00048056 This is her way of saying...
9KGjo0YW3mE-00122-00048226-00048345 You should return her stuff yourself.
9KGjo0YW3mE-00123-00048657-00048788 Alright, sure..
9KGjo0YW3mE-00124-00048953-00049134 Thank you for participating in the statistical survey.
9LJ0dznyoTE-00000-00000136-00000496 When you see a differential equations
9LJ0dznyoTE-00001-00000496-00000976 applied to a field like physics or engineering
9LJ0dznyoTE-00002-00001064-00001448 it's probably not very surprising.
9LJ0dznyoTE-00003-00001576-00001952 But differential equations have been used
9LJ0dznyoTE-00004-00001952-00002304 to study almost everything.
9LJ0dznyoTE-00005-00002440-00002696 In this section we'll look
9LJ0dznyoTE-00006-00002696-00002960 at a simplified version of
9LJ0dznyoTE-00007-00002960-00003647 the Richardson model of international conflict
9MoYqjYzMX4-00000-00000660-00000986 So what I would like to do for you now is a demonstration to
9MoYqjYzMX4-00001-00000986-00001253 introduce the concept of magnetism.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00002-00001253-00001645 So we are getting ready to begin the lesson on
9MoYqjYzMX4-00003-00001645-00001946 electrical, optical, and magnetic properties.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00004-00001946-00002511 And I want to demonstrate a specific property of magnetism
9MoYqjYzMX4-00005-00002511-00002788 by magnetizing a grape.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00006-00002788-00003133 And so you might ask yourself, wow, are grapes magnetic?
9MoYqjYzMX4-00007-00003133-00003311 And the answer is no.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00008-00003311-00003819 But they will act as a magnet if you place them in the
9MoYqjYzMX4-00009-00003819-00004052 presence of a strong magnetic field.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00010-00004052-00004517 And this property of not being magnetic, but acting as a
9MoYqjYzMX4-00011-00004517-00004836 magnet in the presence of a strong magnetic field, is
9MoYqjYzMX4-00012-00004836-00005020 called paramagnetism.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00013-00005020-00005247 So you will learn in this lesson that there are three
9MoYqjYzMX4-00014-00005247-00005548 main categories of magnetism that we're interested in.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00015-00005548-00005880 There's the ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and
9MoYqjYzMX4-00016-00005880-00006035 diamagnetism.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00017-00006035-00006508 And so these grapes are going to exhibit paramagnetism.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00018-00006508-00006916 And so the strong magnetic field is going to be produced
9MoYqjYzMX4-00019-00006916-00007315 by this neodymium magnet that I actually borrowed from a
9MoYqjYzMX4-00020-00007315-00007548 hard drive that no longer works.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00021-00007548-00008000 And this magnet I'm going to use to push the grapes around
9MoYqjYzMX4-00022-00008000-00008398 in a circle by exposing them to this magnetic field.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00023-00008398-00008709 And you can see the grapes are not swinging or moving any on
9MoYqjYzMX4-00024-00008709-00008835 their own right now.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00025-00008835-00009365 And now let's show the magnetic field to the grapes.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00026-00009365-00009871 And what you will see is that I am not touching the grapes.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00027-00009871-00010086 But yet I'm pushing them around in a circle.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00028-00010086-00010471 What's happening here, it's not that the grape is
9MoYqjYzMX4-00029-00010471-00010665 paramagnetic.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00030-00010665-00011008 It's the fact that the grape is 70% water.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00031-00011008-00011181 And water is paramagnetic.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00032-00011181-00011596 And so what's happening is the water sees the magnetic field
9MoYqjYzMX4-00033-00011596-00011778 from this neodymium magnet.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00034-00011778-00011924 And they're perturbed by that.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00035-00011924-00012374 And to show their distaste, they all align to resist the
9MoYqjYzMX4-00036-00012374-00012562 magnetic force of this magnet.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00037-00012562-00012815 So it's essentially like putting two north ends of a
9MoYqjYzMX4-00038-00012815-00012947 magnet together.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00039-00012947-00013100 So let me show you this one more time.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00040-00013100-00013241 So I'm going to get it going in a circle.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00041-00013838-00014405 And then, once I have it sufficiently moving, I'll stop
9MoYqjYzMX4-00042-00014405-00014678 it and get it going in the opposite direction.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00043-00014678-00015131 And as you will see, I am not touching the grape.
9MoYqjYzMX4-00044-00015131-00015394 So we have just magnetized a grape.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00000-00000808-00001320 It could be the last competition of Vincent Zhou's career?
9MEZIZTnlfk-00001-00001373-00001833 Loena Hendrickx goes to World Cup with groin injury? Satisfied if I make it to the top 10?
9MEZIZTnlfk-00002-00001893-00002380 "It can compete with the Worlds in terms of the interest of the audience," Tarasova said.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00003-00002668-00003163 1st News / No Skaters belonging to Russia and Belarus shall be invited to ISU Events.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00004-00003756-00003956 The ISU announced on its official website on March 1. 
9MEZIZTnlfk-00005-00003958-00004303 Due to the Ukraine crisis, Russian and Belarusian skaters were not allowed to participate in the ISU Event in accordance with IOC recommendations.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00006-00004330-00004630 no Skaters belonging to the ISU Members in Russia and Belarus shall be allowed to participate in ISU Events.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00007-00004630-00004913 The ISU Council will continue to closely monitor the situation in Ukraine and its impact on the ISU activity and will take additional steps if and when required.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00008-00005262-00005833 ISU did not allow journalists from Russia to cover the World Figure Skating Championships - 15.Mar.2022 / TASS
9MEZIZTnlfk-00009-00005862-00006160 "We thank you for your application for accreditation for the coverage of the World Figure Skating Championships in online format.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00010-00006160-00006459 Unfortunately, it was rejected. We would like to emphasize that the ISU decision is final, thank you for understanding," the ISU message reads.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00011-00006756-00007053 ISU has banned Russians from participating in most international sports events.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00012-00007054-00007453 And Then, Famous skating celebrities gave a lot of opinions and will hold 'Channel 1 Cup' in time for the World Championships.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00013-00007709-00008296 Tarasova: The Figure Skating Channel One Cup can compete with the world championships. - 16.Mar.2022 / TASS
9MEZIZTnlfk-00014-00008314-00008613 "The composition is amazing. The best of the best will appear. I consider that there will be very interesting tournament.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00015-00008617-00008930 With such structure it on interest of the audience can compete with the World Cup", - Tarasova said.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00016-00009107-00009703 Trankov: removing Russian figure skaters from tournaments harms all figure skating - 10.Mar.2022 / TASS
9MEZIZTnlfk-00017-00009708-00010055 "We are the best in figure skating. And, of course, depriving us of the opportunity to compete simply harms the development of world figure skating, not Russian.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00018-00010055-00010440 We still have everything: both specialists, and athletes, and cadres, and everything. And the world figure skating, it seems to me, loses a lot with the absence of our athletes", - Trankov said.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00019-00010651-00011250 "Our federation will definitely do the same": Leonov – about removing Russian figure skaters from the ISU prize - 14.Mar.2022 / Sports DAILY Russia 
9MEZIZTnlfk-00020-00011266-00011528 - The Russian Federation can create an analogue of such award?
9MEZIZTnlfk-00021-00011528-00011806 - I think, will certainly do and already works on this issue.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00022-00011826-00012073 - How can you describe world figure skating without Russian figure skaters?
9MEZIZTnlfk-00023-00012073-00012350 - In a word – emptiness. There are certainly many figure skaters in the world to watch. I can't tell that international competitions become uninteresting without Russians. But anyway, without us it will not be so spectacular.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00024-00012401-00012930 2nd NEWS / Skaters withdraws from world championships
9MEZIZTnlfk-00025-00013101-00013456 The entry of the tournament continues to change as skaters withdraws from the world championship.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00026-00013456-00013806 This was predictable because the Olympics were over. However, many figure skating fans are disappointed.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00027-00014177-00014451 Yuzuru Hanyu was the first to abstain. 
9MEZIZTnlfk-00028-00014451-00014790 He missed his third consecutive Olympic victory, so many people could predict his abstention.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00029-00014809-00015326 Yuzuru Hanyu to miss world figure skating championships - 1.Mar.2022 / NBC Sports
9MEZIZTnlfk-00030-00015361-00015561 Hanyu said last month that he suffered the injury doing a quadruple Axel on Feb. 9.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00031-00015561-00015761 “If it were a normal competition, I would have withdrawn,” Hanyu said after finishing in fourth place overall, 
9MEZIZTnlfk-00032-00015761-00015961 after getting a pain-killing injection minutes before warming up for his free skate.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00033-00016160-00016776 Nathan Chen withdraws form figure skating world championships - 16.Mar.2022 / NBC Sports
9MEZIZTnlfk-00034-00016798-00017066 “I am disappointed to have to withdraw from Worlds,” Chen said in the USFS release. “I have been training for this competition since returning from Beijing.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00035-00017066-00017326 I have a nagging injury that I’ve been dealing with, and I don’t want to risk further injury by practicing and competing next week.”
9MEZIZTnlfk-00036-00017344-00017610 Worlds would have been Chen’s final competition before the 22-year-old returns to Yale University later this year and plans to take a break from competition.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00037-00017610-00017876 Camden Pulkinen, 21, will take Chen’s place at the March 21-27 event in Montpellier, France, marking his worlds debut.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00038-00018340-00018682 Kao Miura, who made an impressive debut at the Four Continents Championships, was supposed to replace Yuzuru at the World Championships. 
9MEZIZTnlfk-00039-00018682-00018946 However, unfortunate news came through his Twitter.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00040-00018970-00019147 "As announced, I withdraws from the World Championships. 
9MEZIZTnlfk-00041-00019147-00019330 My injury was improving, but my thigh muscles ruptured again during practice the day before yesterday,
9MEZIZTnlfk-00042-00019330-00019500 so I stopped participating in the tournament," Miura wrote on Twitter.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00043-00019510-00019755 "Kao Miura gave up due to muscle rupture, and Kazuki Tomono will be replaced," - 17.Mar.2022 / Japan DAILY
9MEZIZTnlfk-00044-00019755-00020050 the JSU announced on the 17th that Kao Miura, who was scheduled to participate in the world championships, will not participate due to a thigh injury.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00045-00020069-00020328 Tomono Kazuki will replace Miura. Miura said, "I've been working hard for my first world championship, 
9MEZIZTnlfk-00046-00020328-00020596 but unfortunately, I withdrew because of my injury. I want to treat him well for the next Junior World Championships."
9MEZIZTnlfk-00047-00020955-00021285 It was a pity that KIM Yelim withdrew from the Worlds, cause her performance has steadily improved this season.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00048-00021285-00021596 People were even more disappointed because she was able to get three spots to the Worlds with YOU Young.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00049-00021615-00022039 According to the SPO TV news, KIM was tested positive for COVID-19 on the 17th. 
9MEZIZTnlfk-00050-00022039-00022540 Therefore, LEE Haein will participate in the competition instead. YOU Young left the country on the 13th and is training in France.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00051-00022557-00023034 The skaters who were tested together were fortunately tested negative for COVID-19.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00052-00023034-00023540 It's too bad for KIM, but it's a good opportunity for LEE, who recently abstained from the Junior World Championships.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00053-00023659-00024133 3rd NEWS / News of participating Skaters
9MEZIZTnlfk-00054-00024312-00024776 Vincent Zhou, denied an Olympic chance, puts his skates back on - 18.Mar.2022 / NBC Sports
9MEZIZTnlfk-00055-00024799-00025063 Zhou, after being sidelined from the individual Olympic competition due to a positive COVID-19 test, is determined to skate at next week’s season-ending world championships in France.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00056-00025063-00025340 It could be the last competition of his career. He’s headed back to Brown University this fall and does not know if he will again try to balance studies and skating.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00057-00025355-00025870 “Coming off of the Olympics has been a really challenging time for me,” he said. “I would say one of the most challenging times of my whole life.”
9MEZIZTnlfk-00058-00026163-00026543 Loena Hendrickx goes to the World Cup with a groin injury: "Top leg is completely taped" - 17.Mar.2022 / Sporza
9MEZIZTnlfk-00059-00026572-00026826 "A week and a half ago I suffered a muscle tear in my groin due to a fall during training," she tells Sporza.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00060-00026826-00027086 "But I did feel ready for the World Cup and want to stay positive to make the best of it." "I think my body is exhausted, so you can get injured faster."
9MEZIZTnlfk-00061-00027113-00027323 "The ambition is no longer a top five. I can certainly still be satisfied if I reach the top ten, I think. And a lot can happen on adrenaline."
9MEZIZTnlfk-00062-00027323-00027544 "I agree that the Russians are not allowed to participate, because we cannot allow what is happening in the world.
9MEZIZTnlfk-00063-00027544-00027701 Although I also realize that individual athletes can't do anything about it."
9MEZIZTnlfk-00064-00028097-00028576 4th NEWS / Season's Best Comparison of Top 5 Skaters
9MEZIZTnlfk-00065-00028593-00029189 Please subscribe and like! :)
9MEZIZTnlfk-00066-00058303-00058903 Thanks for watching! ;)
9pnO-1uxwaM-00000-00000546-00001182 I think part of the research was um finding out that maybe screen sharing as we had assumed is
9pnO-1uxwaM-00001-00001182-00001805 not necessarily the solution that is needed for the problems that we discovered in in a sense I
9pnO-1uxwaM-00002-00001805-00002286 think there had been an assumption that we kind of need to make somehow some make this happen somehow
9pnO-1uxwaM-00003-00002382-00002988 um and and sort of exploring the problem further I identified that there were other
9pnO-1uxwaM-00004-00002988-00003461 solutions and other resources that we could use and I think over time that's
9pnO-1uxwaM-00005-00003461-00004020 happened or is happening or certainly was in the process of happening by by the time I left
9PmSHxOn2eE-00000-00000160-00000400 ...and the cute hologram on the spine.
9PmSHxOn2eE-00001-00000409-00000900 Do not be fooled, your family will appreciate it.
9PmSHxOn2eE-00002-00001970-00002200 Where are the belts for this jacket?
9PmSHxOn2eE-00003-00002280-00002650 Why is no one ready?
9PmSHxOn2eE-00005-00016670-00017252 (This program has been possible without the help of opportunistic sponsors.)
9PmSHxOn2eE-00006-00018070-00018400 - Hey! Ronny... - Ahh... yes?
9PmSHxOn2eE-00007-00018410-00018650 - Got any hot fudge? - Yes.
9PmSHxOn2eE-00008-00018650-00019160 Yeah? Can I have a vanilla sundae with hot fudge?
9PmSHxOn2eE-00009-00019260-00019800 And ah, sprinkles... rainbow, not chocolate.
9PmSHxOn2eE-00010-00019920-00020200 And uh...
9PmSHxOn2eE-00011-00020370-00021000 whipped cream, cherries, and uh...
9PmSHxOn2eE-00012-00021550-00022800 ♪ You protect us Lord. ♪
9PmSHxOn2eE-00015-00063000-00063400 I really hate describing my character.
9PmSHxOn2eE-00016-00063600-00063960 Maybe I get too close to it or something...
9PmSHxOn2eE-00017-00068211-00068500 Burger, New York.
9PmSHxOn2eE-00018-00068900-00069050 ♪ No gas. ♪
9PmSHxOn2eE-00019-00069250-00069400 ♪ No gas. ♪
9PmSHxOn2eE-00020-00069770-00070000 ♪ Refreshing (no gas). ♪
9PmSHxOn2eE-00021-00070100-00070500 ♪ Natural (no, no, no, no gas). New,
9PmSHxOn2eE-00022-00072800-00072940 Aka (Red).
9PmSHxOn2eE-00023-00072950-00073200 Midori (Green).
9PmSHxOn2eE-00024-00073210-00073470 Ao (Blue).
9PmSHxOn2eE-00025-00073480-00073750 Gunjou-iro (Ultramarine).
9PmSHxOn2eE-00026-00073900-00074100 Kirei (Beautiful).
9PmSHxOn2eE-00028-00094600-00094900 Venus Star Power... (104.1)
9PmSHxOn2eE-00029-00094930-00095295 Make Up! (with all that music that you got inside...)
9PmSHxOn2eE-00030-00095330-00097606 ♪ ♪ ♪
9PmSHxOn2eE-00031-00097872-00098358 "Can you save us Britney Spears?"
9PmSHxOn2eE-00032-00098358-00098588 "Can we be saved?"
9PmSHxOn2eE-00033-00098688-00099326 "God! Why is Satan controlling the universe!?"
9PmSHxOn2eE-00036-00131800-00132400 I am the one who is saving your asses from insurance fraud.
9R0NTWPLWhy-00000-00000677-00001070 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>On our previous video, we provided </font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>an introduction on the credit score,</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00001-00001070-00001258 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>its components and where it was obtained.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00002-00001289-00001625 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>Credit Scores are derived from the Credit</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>Report provided by the credit bureau</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00003-00001625-00001911 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>or special accessing entities like CIBI.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00004-00001935-00002309 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>You may now be thinking what a Credit</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>Report is and why you should know</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00005-00002309-00002409 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>what it contains.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00006-00002409-00002761 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>If Juan Dela Cruz used his credit card</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>or acquired a credit transaction </font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00007-00002761-00003147 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>from a financial institution, his </font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>record is called a Credit History.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00008-00003147-00003485 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>And if Juan's Credit History was</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>reported by several other sources,</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00009-00003485-00003780 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>this will be compiled and</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>recorded as a Credit Report.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00010-00003804-00004209 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>In the Philippines, Credit Information</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>Corporation is the central repository</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00011-00004209-00004593 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>and the regulating body for all credit</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>information complied and reported</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00012-00004593-00004743 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>by the submitting entities.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00013-00004743-00005113 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>Special Accessing Entities like CIBI,</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>on the other hand were given</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00014-00005113-00005501 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>a special function to structure, analyze</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>and process information in order to </font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00015-00005501-00005803 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>derive effective tools and </font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>provide value added services.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00016-00005803-00006149 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>That can help the financial growth of</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>every Juan Dela Cruz, small to large</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00017-00006149-00006444 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>businesses and even the economy</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>of the country, in general.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00018-00006444-00006753 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>This is a steps toward the development</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>of a sustainable credit information </font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00019-00006753-00007084 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>exchange in the country and</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>anchored to the national advocacy</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00020-00007084-00007219 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>called Financial Inclusion.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00021-00007219-00007591 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>The concept of Financial Inclusion</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>is to provide easy access</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00022-00007591-00007877 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>to basic financial services. That</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>can make a positive difference</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00023-00007877-00008251 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>in the lives of every Juan particularly</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>those on the low income segments.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00024-00008251-00008701 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>And those who live in towns or cities that</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>has no present formal financial institution.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00025-00008701-00008996 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>We will discuss more about financial</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>inclusion on our next video.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00026-00009535-00009852 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>Credit Report mainly contains</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>your identifiable information,</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00027-00009852-00010197 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>Credit Information for each</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>account you hold, and inquiries</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00028-00010197-00010551 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>from institutions who has requested</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>a copy of your Credit Record.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00029-00010551-00010737 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>Do you want to have a copy</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>of your Credit Report?</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00030-00010737-00010987 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>Have it by following these</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>three simple steps.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00031-00010987-00011315 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>One, update your Credit Record</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>with your submitting entity.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00032-00011315-00011640 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>Two, ensure that your submitting</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>entity is complied to the CIC.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00033-00011640-00011904 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>And three, get your Credit</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>Report from us.</font>
9R0NTWPLWhy-00034-00011904-00012130 <font color=#AAAAAAFF>Visit our website for</font> <font color=#AAAAAAFF>more information.</font>
9R4u7iOYMNA-00000-00000000-00000474 this is Graveyard and it's not a dog you want to find it's a very cute ghost type dog that
9R4u7iOYMNA-00001-00000474-00000869 hides under the ground waiting for someone to come by unfortunately it drains the life out
9R4u7iOYMNA-00002-00000869-00001404 of anyone who gets near it like this trainer who playing Fetch with it in the trailer this
9R4u7iOYMNA-00003-00001404-00001860 Pokemon is very spooky because in the wild a group of them all sit in the ground in the
9R4u7iOYMNA-00004-00001860-00002310 shape of a spooky summoning Circle will you add this Pokemon to your team I won't because
9Wjltun0kIu-00000-00000727-00000911 BREAKING News From The Pentagon…
9Wjltun0kIu-00001-00000911-00001088 IT’S BIG!!!
9Wjltun0kIu-00002-00001088-00001504 New reports reveal that President Trump made the decision to choose one of the more restrained
9Wjltun0kIu-00003-00001504-00002002 proposals designed by the Pentagon in regards to the most recent Syrian airstrikes.
9Wjltun0kIu-00004-00002002-00002382 The recent Syrian airstrikes were double the size of last year’s but we could have taken
9Wjltun0kIu-00005-00002382-00002543 it a lot further.
9Wjltun0kIu-00006-00002543-00003026 The Wall Street Journal, citing unnamed sources, reported that Trump was presented with a wide
9Wjltun0kIu-00007-00003026-00003158 array of options.
9Wjltun0kIu-00008-00003158-00003543 There were intense discussions on the best approach after Defense Secretary Jim Mattis
9Wjltun0kIu-00009-00003543-00003917 presented the three military options, the report said.
9Wjltun0kIu-00010-00003917-00004146 Trump chose a restrained response.
9Wjltun0kIu-00011-00004146-00004546 The paper reported that the most expansive proposal included airstrikes on Russian air
9Wjltun0kIu-00012-00004546-00004782 defense capabilities in Syria.
9Wjltun0kIu-00013-00004782-00005173 The attack would have been three times the size of the operation carried out—which
9Wjltun0kIu-00014-00005173-00005505 included 100 advanced missiles launched at three targets.
9Wjltun0kIu-00015-00005505-00005965 Fox News reports that Trump reportedly wanted his team to consider the strikes on Iranian
9Wjltun0kIu-00016-00005965-00006238 and Russian targets, but Mattis resisted.
9Wjltun0kIu-00017-00006238-00006675 Mattis reportedly warned of a possible Russian and Iranian response.
9Wjltun0kIu-00018-00006675-00007179 Russia has military forces, including air defenses, in several areas of Syria to support
9Wjltun0kIu-00019-00007179-00007598 President Bashar Assad in his long war against anti-government rebels.
9Wjltun0kIu-00020-00007598-00008026 The nighttime Syria assault was carefully limited to minimize civilian casualties and
9Wjltun0kIu-00021-00008026-00008539 avoid direct conflict with Syria’s key ally, Russia, but confusion arose over the extent
9Wjltun0kIu-00022-00008539-00008856 to which Washington warned Moscow in advance.
9Wjltun0kIu-00023-00008856-00009142 The Pentagon said it gave no explicit warning.
9Wjltun0kIu-00024-00009142-00009690 The U.S. ambassador in Moscow, John Huntsman, said in a video, “Before we took action,
9Wjltun0kIu-00025-00009690-00010054 the United States communicated with” Russia to “reduce the danger of any Russian or
9Wjltun0kIu-00026-00010054-00010254 civilian casualties.”
9Wjltun0kIu-00027-00010254-00010767 As of Monday morning, neither Syria nor its Russian or Iranian allies retaliated, Pentagon
9Wjltun0kIu-00028-00010767-00010925 officials said.
9Wjltun0kIu-00029-00010925-00011229 The U.S.-led operation won broad Western support.
9Wjltun0kIu-00030-00011229-00011711 The NATO alliance gave its full backing; NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg said in
9Wjltun0kIu-00031-00011711-00012129 Brussels that the attack was about ensuring that chemical weapons cannot be used with
9Wjltun0kIu-00032-00012129-00012231 impunity.
9Wjltun0kIu-00033-00012231-00013501 These are dangerous times folks.
9YtH95yphfc-00000-00002190-00002538 Rothchild, 1929.
9YtH95yphfc-00001-00002538-00002886 Great vintage.
9YtH95yphfc-00002-00002886-00003309 Three weeks before my best friend killed himself, he asked me: Dominique, do you believe in
9YtH95yphfc-00003-00003309-00003409 heaven?
9YtH95yphfc-00004-00003409-00004001 I told him why yes my friend, most people are already living in it.
9YtH95yphfc-00005-00004001-00004595 It's in the small things that some take for granted.
9YtH95yphfc-00006-00004595-00005377 It's in the embrace of a good friend, It's in the smile from a stranger.
9YtH95yphfc-00007-00005377-00006112 It's in a thank you.
9YtH95yphfc-00008-00006112-00006879 All the small things that unfortunately he might have taken for granted.
9YtH95yphfc-00009-00006879-00007304 This one's for you buddy.
9YtH95yphfc-00010-00007304-00008296 My latest sun is sinking fast, my race is nearly run
9YtH95yphfc-00011-00008296-00009349 My strongest trials now are past, my triumph has begun
9YtH95yphfc-00012-00009349-00011746 Oh, come angel band, come and around me, stand Oh, bear me away on your snow white wings
9YtH95yphfc-00013-00011746-00012371 To my immortal home Oh, bear me away on your snow white wings
9YtH95yphfc-00014-00012371-00012586 To my immortal home
9YtH95yphfc-00015-00012586-00013433 Oh, bear my longing heart to Him Who bled and died for me
9YtH95yphfc-00016-00013433-00014368 Whose blood now cleanses from all sin And gives me victory
9YtH95yphfc-00018-00017725-00020474 To my immortal home Oh, bear me away on your snow white wings
9YtH95yphfc-00019-00020474-00020714 To my immortal home
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00000-00000037-00000348 Hi there and welcome to the screen cast where we're going to do an example of
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00001-00000348-00000767 computing a derivative where several rules are being combined at once.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00002-00000767-00001120 In particular both the product rule and the quotient rule are gonna show up here.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00003-00001120-00001501 And it's gonna be our job to decide what rule to apply when.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00004-00001501-00001739 This is gonna be a pretty challenging process here, so
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00005-00001739-00001914 let's try to think through it.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00006-00001914-00002390 So here's the function a(x) equals x times e to the x all divided by x squared
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00007-00002390-00002449 plus 1.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00008-00002449-00002714 Now this is a fully algebraically simplified function,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00009-00002714-00003034 there's no tricks to this where I can make the function really really
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00010-00003034-00003304 easy by cancelling something else for instance.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00011-00003304-00003644 So I'm stuck with this particular formula, what do I do first?
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00012-00003644-00003845 Okay, should I be using the product rule first?
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00013-00003845-00003959 Should I be using the quotient rule first?
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00014-00003959-00004185 Or should I be using some other rules first?
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00015-00004185-00004421 Well, the way answer that question,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00016-00004421-00004789 and that's a really good question to strategize your way through the problem
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00017-00004789-00005198 before jumping into it, is to just look at the way that the function is structured.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00018-00005198-00005515 I have a question for you, I'm going to want you to
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00019-00005515-00006000 think about this while you pause the video, and then come back to answer it.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00020-00006000-00006476 Is this function a(x) more structured along the lines of the product rule where
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00021-00006476-00007109 I have one thing times another or is it more
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00022-00007109-00007808 structured like a quotient rule problem where I have one thing divided by another?
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00023-00007808-00007989 So I'd like you to pause the video and
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00024-00007989-00008340 think about this question, is the most appropriate rule to apply first
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00025-00008340-00008773 in this problem taking the derivative, the product rule, which I'll just label a, or
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00026-00008773-00009312 is it gonna be more like a quotient rule problem, which I'll label b.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00027-00009312-00009676 When you look at the structure of this function, I don't really have two
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00028-00009676-00010147 functions times each other, I have two functions that are divide by each other.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00029-00010147-00010615 I have this function on the top, and then I have this other function on the bottom.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00030-00010615-00010997 On the outermost level of structure, in other words, this function is a quotient,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00031-00010997-00011181 it's not really a product.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00032-00011181-00011402 It couldbe rewritten as a product, if we wanted to.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00033-00011402-00011991 I could rewrite this as, say, x times the function e to the x over x squared plus 1.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00034-00011991-00012185 So I could make this look like a product, but
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00035-00012185-00012468 the way that it's written here, the way that it's given to us,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00036-00012468-00012758 it really looks more like a quotient than anything else.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00037-00012758-00013172 So based on the fact that this function is really a quotient when you get down to it
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00038-00013172-00013518 we're going to apply the quotient rule first.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00039-00013518-00013906 Let me get down here to the bottom and lets start on the quotient rule.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00040-00013906-00014428 First of all by writing down a clean copy of my function that's a(x)
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00041-00014428-00014951 is xe to the x over x square plus 1.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00042-00014951-00015325 So now that I've got it in my mind to use the quotient rule on this problem,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00043-00015325-00015609 I'm gonna have start thinking about what the quotient rule says.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00044-00015609-00016075 So if I had a function f divided by g, the quotient rule says that its derivative
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00045-00016075-00016873 would be f prime times g minus g prime times f all over g squared.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00046-00016873-00017261 And in this picture, this guy on top here is my f and
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00047-00017261-00017474 this guy on the bottom here is my g.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00048-00017474-00017832 So this guides me on how to execute the quotient rule next.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00049-00017832-00018414 So, a prime of x, the derivative, is going to be let's see, it's the derivative
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00050-00018414-00018818 of the top function, which I'm gonna denote using my d over dx notion.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00051-00018818-00019481 So, it's this derivative times the bottom function, x squared plus 1,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00052-00019481-00020088 minus the top function times the derivative of the bottom,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00053-00020088-00020716 and that's x squared plus 1, and this is all the top of one giant fraction.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00054-00020716-00021251 And the denominator of that fraction is the bottom function, the g squared.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00055-00021251-00021570 So it's really helpful when you know you're gonna use the quotient rule
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00056-00021570-00021901 to first of all, identify what the numerator and denominator are and actually
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00057-00021901-00022346 do this or write out what the quotient rule says before we take any derivatives.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00058-00022346-00022797 Now what we're gonna do on the next slide is go through and work through the two
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00059-00022797-00023436 derivatives that you see that show up in the process of doing the quotient rule.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00060-00023436-00023765 So now we're gonna do the two derivatives that are in the process of the quotient
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00061-00023765-00023894 rule separately.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00062-00023894-00024245 It's a good idea when you have a long and complicated expression that involves
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00063-00024245-00024589 a lot of moving pieces to it to do those pieces separately.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00064-00024589-00025057 So let's look at this derivative here and this derivative here separately.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00065-00025057-00025487 Now this derivative is the derivative of x times e to the x.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00066-00025487-00025862 Now that is definitely going to be a product rule situation and
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00067-00025862-00025977 this derivative here,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00068-00025977-00026435 I am absolutely differentiating a function that is a product of two functions.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00069-00026435-00026833 So, the product rule does show up in the midst of this quotient rule problem.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00070-00026833-00027088 The quotient rule was our first rule that we applied,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00071-00027088-00027408 because the big function, a(x) was really our quotient.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00072-00027408-00027564 But now here in the trenches,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00073-00027564-00027848 I'm encountering a derivative that I need to take that's a product.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00074-00027848-00028177 So again, I'm gonna do that separately and then import it back in at the end.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00075-00028177-00028608 So the derivative here of x times e to the x.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00076-00028608-00029017 Okay, according to the quotient rule that would be the derivative of the first
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00077-00029017-00029533 function, that's the derivative of x times e to the x plus
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00078-00029533-00029862 x times the derivative of e to the x.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00079-00029862-00030076 So these derivative are getting simpler and simpler, and
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00080-00030076-00030289 that's the whole point behind these rules.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00081-00030289-00030870 The derivative of x with respect to x is 1 times e to the x plus x times,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00082-00030870-00031158 and the derivative of e to the x is itself, okay?
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00083-00031158-00031806 So that first little bubble that I point to is just e to the x plus x, e to the x.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00084-00031806-00032183 The second one here is much simpler, this is just a polynomial function and
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00085-00032183-00032830 it's derivative, the derivative of x squared plus 1 is just 2x.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00086-00032830-00033326 Okay, so now we gonna on to another slide and complete the quotient rule process.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00087-00033326-00033729 This is just going to involve taking the mini calculations I just did and
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00088-00033729-00034014 importing them right back in here and I'll do those in blue.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00089-00034014-00034742 So the derivative here, we decided was e to the x plus x times e to the x.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00090-00034742-00035242 That was already being multiplied by x squared plus 1 minus
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00091-00035242-00035769 xe to the x, and then this other derivative was just 2x.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00092-00035769-00036152 And this is all over x squared plus 1,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00093-00036152-00036443 the quantity squared I'm not gonna expand that out just yet.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00094-00036443-00036779 In fact, all the derivative taking notice is done.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00095-00036779-00037193 The only thing that's left to do here now is just to simplify all the algebra.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00096-00037193-00037409 Sometimes, I skip those steps when I do videos but,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00097-00037409-00037551 this one is a little bit more complicated.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00098-00037551-00037894 So, I think I will go through all these steps of simplifying the algebra.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00099-00037894-00038013 Let's see what we can do.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00100-00038013-00038473 Well, noticing that in the numerator here, I wanna circle something here,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00101-00038473-00038752 this term has a factor of e to the x on it and
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00102-00038752-00039107 there is a common factor of e to the x on the first term as well.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00103-00039107-00039357 So, let's process through this just a little bit again.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00104-00039357-00040031 In this blue set of parentheses here on the left I can factor out an e to the e
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00105-00040031-00040585 and it will leave me with a 1 plus x times x square plus 1.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00106-00040585-00041070 Again, this expression here
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00107-00041070-00041547 is equal to this expression here I'm just factoring out an e to the x minus and
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00108-00041547-00041894 there's an e to the x in this second term as well, I'm gonna factor it out.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00109-00041894-00042258 And I'm left with x times 2x.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00110-00042258-00042534 Again, this is video, not a why of lectures.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00111-00042534-00043005 So if that doesn't make sense or you wanna see it again, just pause it and replay it
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00112-00043005-00043397 and ask a question of your instructor or on the discussion board if you have it.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00113-00043397-00043885 Now what I have here now in the numerator are two terms being subtracted, each of
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00114-00043885-00044356 which has a factor of e to the x, so I can pull that e to the x completely out.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00115-00044356-00044905 And here's what I got left on the top, I have a one plus x times x squared plus
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00116-00044905-00045459 1 minus this a expression on here is 2x squared and
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00117-00045459-00045951 this is all over x squared plus 1, the quantity squared.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00118-00045951-00046222 Let's go over to another slide and finish this off.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00119-00046222-00046489 There's not much left to do here just need to work out
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00120-00046489-00046759 the algebra that's on the inside of the big parenthesis here.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00121-00046759-00047591 If I foil the first two terms together I get x squared plus 1 plus x cubed plus x.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00122-00047591-00047910 I'm subtracting off 2x squared here and
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00123-00047910-00048252 let's not forget the denominator of the big fraction.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00124-00048252-00048513 And now I can just collect like terms in the top.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00125-00048513-00049020 I have an x cubed term, I see an x squared minus a 2x squared so
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00126-00049020-00049498 that's minus 1x squared plus x plus 1 and
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00127-00049498-00050051 the entire thing is over x squared plus 1 squared and that will do it.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00128-00050051-00050379 That is the most simplified form we can get for a prime of x.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00129-00050379-00050680 There's no additional algebra that allow me to do those.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00130-00050680-00050959 So about half of this video was algebraic simplification,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00131-00050959-00051151 this is how I go sometimes.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00132-00051151-00051236 Just to recap,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00133-00051236-00051699 we started with a function, that we had to decide which rule to use first.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00134-00051699-00052123 And this decision making process is just governed by looking at the function and
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00135-00052123-00052274 asking ourselves, what is it.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00136-00052274-00052600 Is it a product, is it a quotient, is it something else?
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00137-00052600-00052952 By identifying the fact that it's a quotient, when you really get down to it,
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00138-00052952-00053107 that tells us what rule to use.
9ZCpUi3XXHy-00139-00053107-00053998 Thanks for watching.
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9iohGf_-OcI-00000-00000172-00000369 [Laura Kirby Mackintosh] Well, good morning, um, everyone.
9iohGf_-OcI-00001-00000371-00000539 My name is Laura Kirby Mackintosh.
9iohGf_-OcI-00002-00000540-00000819 I am the mother  of two children with autism,
9iohGf_-OcI-00003-00000845-00001036 I'm a high school teacher, and president 
9iohGf_-OcI-00004-00001037-00001256 of the Ontario Autism Coalition.
9iohGf_-OcI-00005-00001292-00001467 Uh, the OAC, just as a refresher,
9iohGf_-OcI-00006-00001468-00001734 is a non-profit political advocacy group
9iohGf_-OcI-00007-00001736-00002009 dedicated to fighting for better supports and services
9iohGf_-OcI-00008-00002010-00002210 for people with autism  and their families.
9iohGf_-OcI-00009-00002263-00002440 To my immediate right is Luke Reid,
9iohGf_-OcI-00010-00002441-00002727 a staff lawyer  with ARCH Disability Law Centre.
9iohGf_-OcI-00011-00002780-00002988 And then beside him  is David Lepofsky,
9iohGf_-OcI-00012-00003025-00003285 a visiting professor at Osgoode Hall Law School
9iohGf_-OcI-00013-00003286-00003742 and the Chair of the Accessibility for  Ontarians with Disability Act Alliance.
9iohGf_-OcI-00014-00003787-00004001 He is also a member and past Chair
9iohGf_-OcI-00015-00004003-00004213 of the Special Education Advisory Committee
9iohGf_-OcI-00016-00004214-00004566 at the Toronto District School Board, Canada's largest school board.
9iohGf_-OcI-00017-00004593-00005035 David is also a member of the K to 12 Education Standards Development Committee
9iohGf_-OcI-00018-00005067-00005421 appointed under the Accessibility  for Ontarians with Disabilities Act.
9iohGf_-OcI-00019-00005526-00005864 The Ontario Autism Coalition and the AODA Alliance
9iohGf_-OcI-00020-00005906-00006210 are proud to collaborate on this extremely important issue
9iohGf_-OcI-00021-00006211-00006531 for at least 1/3 of a million students with disabilities
9iohGf_-OcI-00022-00006582-00006809 currently  in Ontario funded schools.
9iohGf_-OcI-00023-00006886-00007146 We are both widely respected and tenacious
9iohGf_-OcI-00024-00007148-00007506 grassroots advocacy coalitions  with solid track records.
9iohGf_-OcI-00025-00007530-00007947 And so we join forces here today  to ask a provocative question.
9iohGf_-OcI-00026-00008028-00008301 We want to know, what is the Ford government 
9iohGf_-OcI-00027-00008302-00008768 going to do to reign in the excessive, unfair, and arbitrary power 
9iohGf_-OcI-00028-00008796-00009132 of school principals  to exclude students from school?
9iohGf_-OcI-00029-00009231-00009488 This morning, I'm going to explain the problem 
9iohGf_-OcI-00030-00009494-00009722 that we, that we need  the government to fix.
9iohGf_-OcI-00031-00009783-00009982 Luke Reid will give  a lawyer's perspective,
9iohGf_-OcI-00032-00009983-00010406 emphasizing the cases that AR- the ARCH  Disability Law Centre has handled.
9iohGf_-OcI-00033-00010437-00010733 And finally, David Lepofsky will describe the two actions
9iohGf_-OcI-00034-00010735-00010947 that we are calling upon the government  to take,
9iohGf_-OcI-00035-00010979-00011172 actions that the government can take immediately
9iohGf_-OcI-00036-00011204-00011446 and that don't require  major spending.
9iohGf_-OcI-00037-00011594-00011763 So what is the problem?
9iohGf_-OcI-00038-00011785-00012197 Well, it is the fundamental right of every Ontario child
9iohGf_-OcI-00039-00012199-00012494 to an education  in an Ontario funded school.
9iohGf_-OcI-00040-00012587-00012957 Ontario's outdated Education Act gives every school principal
9iohGf_-OcI-00041-00012959-00013161 the power, and indeed the duty,
9iohGf_-OcI-00042-00013163-00013451 to refuse to admit a student to school
9iohGf_-OcI-00043-00013494-00013716 if that principal thinks  that the student quote,
9iohGf_-OcI-00044-00013717-00013909 "would, in the principal's judgement,
9iohGf_-OcI-00045-00013948-00014370 be detrimental to the physical  or mental wellbeing of the pupils."
9iohGf_-OcI-00046-00014453-00014680 The family has a right  to appeal to the school board,
9iohGf_-OcI-00047-00014682-00014948 but no one ever has to tell the family  that they have that right.
9iohGf_-OcI-00048-00015028-00015283 The supposed risk that the principal is thinking about
9iohGf_-OcI-00049-00015284-00015724 doesn't have to be serious, or substantial, or immediate.
9iohGf_-OcI-00050-00015766-00016095 The Education Act doesn't require  the principal to give a reason,
9iohGf_-OcI-00051-00016142-00016545 nor does it limit how long  a student can be excluded from school.
9iohGf_-OcI-00052-00016655-00016997 We at the Ontario Autism Coalition get calls and emails
9iohGf_-OcI-00053-00016998-00017190 from parents of children with autism
9iohGf_-OcI-00054-00017231-00017499 who have been excluded from school  on a regular basis.
9iohGf_-OcI-00055-00017543-00017889 We need to protect the privacy  of those families that we deal with,
9iohGf_-OcI-00056-00017891-00018189 but let me describe  a few of their messages.
9iohGf_-OcI-00057-00018294-00018452 We've heard from families who have been asked
9iohGf_-OcI-00058-00018454-00018688 to keep their children home from field trips
9iohGf_-OcI-00059-00018727-00019017 because their child, uh, because the school doesn't feel 
9iohGf_-OcI-00060-00019018-00019344 that they have the ability to support  their child with special needs.
9iohGf_-OcI-00061-00019416-00019629 We're hearing of families who have had a child
9iohGf_-OcI-00062-00019630-00019937 who is excluded after one meltdown at school
9iohGf_-OcI-00063-00019965-00020234 with no attempt  to put supports in place instead.
9iohGf_-OcI-00064-00020333-00020595 We've heard of cases of children with autism
9iohGf_-OcI-00065-00020596-00020855 who have been excluded  for months at a time,
9iohGf_-OcI-00066-00020878-00021038 as my own son was.
9iohGf_-OcI-00067-00021112-00021282 We know that principals call parents
9iohGf_-OcI-00068-00021284-00021687 to ask them to pick up their child early or drop them off late.
9iohGf_-OcI-00069-00021716-00022053 We know of situations where the student is only allowed to attend school
9iohGf_-OcI-00070-00022054-00022403 for one hour a day  or 15 minutes a day.
9iohGf_-OcI-00071-00022468-00022680 We've even now heard of cases where an exclusion
9iohGf_-OcI-00072-00022681-00022904 lasted for over an entire year.
9iohGf_-OcI-00073-00023002-00023198 It's important to note though that these examples
9iohGf_-OcI-00074-00023199-00023537 are not limited to children  on the autism spectrum,
9iohGf_-OcI-00075-00023570-00024005 it can affect kids with any disability, behavioural, physical, or developmental.
9iohGf_-OcI-00076-00024039-00024416 It is left to each principal  to decide how to use this power.
9iohGf_-OcI-00077-00024478-00024748 In over 5,000 schools  across Ontario,
9iohGf_-OcI-00078-00024749-00025129 each principal is essentially allowed  to be a law onto themselves.
9iohGf_-OcI-00079-00025200-00025365 Let me be clear though,
9iohGf_-OcI-00080-00025367-00025595 we are not saying  that principals are bad people.
9iohGf_-OcI-00081-00025720-00025964 They are working  with an antiquated funding formula,
9iohGf_-OcI-00082-00025990-00026175 a shortage of qualified staff
9iohGf_-OcI-00083-00026177-00026450 and an increasingly  complex student population,
9iohGf_-OcI-00084-00026513-00026746 and they've also been left without clear directions
9iohGf_-OcI-00085-00026748-00027114 on when and how to exclude, sorry, to exercise the power 
9iohGf_-OcI-00086-00027154-00027386 to order a child  to stay away from school.
9iohGf_-OcI-00087-00027497-00027683 So how big of a problem is this?
9iohGf_-OcI-00088-00027769-00027922 Well, because the Ontario government 
9iohGf_-OcI-00089-00027923-00028191 is not reinforcing any requirements for the school board
9iohGf_-OcI-00090-00028193-00028402 to gather and report data on this,
9iohGf_-OcI-00091-00028403-00028614 there's a fog  that obscures the whole issue.
9iohGf_-OcI-00092-00028714-00028901 This is unlike the massive amounts of data
9iohGf_-OcI-00093-00028903-00029217 which the government requires  school boards to report on other topics.
9iohGf_-OcI-00094-00029286-00029505 Yet we know this is a big problem,
9iohGf_-OcI-00095-00029506-00029816 not just from the calls that we get, but from other sources as well.
9iohGf_-OcI-00096-00029853-00030011 People for Education,
9iohGf_-OcI-00097-00030012-00030369 a widely respected and well known Ontario advocacy group,
9iohGf_-OcI-00098-00030370-00030567 has reported an increase in the number
9iohGf_-OcI-00099-00030569-00030829 of elementary and s- secondary school principals 
9iohGf_-OcI-00100-00030881-00031126 who report recommending a rec-
9iohGf_-OcI-00101-00031127-00031504 uh, special education students  stay home for at least part of a day.
9iohGf_-OcI-00102-00031573-00031997 The organization found that 58 percent of elementary school principals
9iohGf_-OcI-00103-00032040-00032453 and 48 percent of high school principals had made such a request
9iohGf_-OcI-00104-00032488-00033068 and that was up from 48 and 40 percent, respectively, in 2014.
9iohGf_-OcI-00105-00033120-00033352 Luke will tell you later about corroborating data
9iohGf_-OcI-00106-00033354-00033533 that ARCH has reported.
9iohGf_-OcI-00107-00033619-00033828 The Ministry does not require each school board
9iohGf_-OcI-00108-00033830-00034112 to use a unique code when marking attendance
9iohGf_-OcI-00109-00034114-00034284 to record a student's absence
9iohGf_-OcI-00110-00034286-00034573 due to their principal  having excluded them from school.
9iohGf_-OcI-00111-00034649-00034853 This would provide an instant and easy way
9iohGf_-OcI-00112-00034854-00035148 to track what is going on  and at no additional cost.
9iohGf_-OcI-00113-00035320-00035642 As a parent of two kids  with special education needs,
9iohGf_-OcI-00114-00035672-00035901 as an educator, and as the president 
9iohGf_-OcI-00115-00035903-00036179 of an organization  of parents in the same situation,
9iohGf_-OcI-00116-00036181-00036570 I want to emphasize how incredibly vulnerable a family feels
9iohGf_-OcI-00117-00036608-00036861 in the face of the might and the resources
9iohGf_-OcI-00118-00036895-00037286 of a publicly funded school board  and all of their lawyers.
9iohGf_-OcI-00119-00037357-00037569 Quite often, parents don't know the rules,
9iohGf_-OcI-00120-00037585-00037821 or the law, or their rights.
9iohGf_-OcI-00121-00037850-00038182 Even if they do, they too often don't have access 
9iohGf_-OcI-00122-00038183-00038370 to the lawyers  to advocate for them.
9iohGf_-OcI-00123-00038372-00038632 They are terrified, and they are distressed.
9iohGf_-OcI-00124-00038730-00038885 This is not a new problem,
9iohGf_-OcI-00125-00038903-00039181 but until recent coverage, sparked by the Globe and Mail 
9iohGf_-OcI-00126-00039183-00039365 and echoed by others in the media,
9iohGf_-OcI-00127-00039367-00039670 it's now a subject  finally getting public attention.
9iohGf_-OcI-00128-00039769-00040245 Three months ago, our organization  met with conservative MPP Sam Oosterhoff,
9iohGf_-OcI-00129-00040246-00040526 the Parliamentary Assistant  to the Education Minister,
9iohGf_-OcI-00130-00040547-00040903 and we presented the full briefing note  and discussed this issue in detail.
9iohGf_-OcI-00131-00040985-00041178 On December 13th of last year,
9iohGf_-OcI-00132-00041179-00041432 we wrote the Minister of Education, Lisa Thompson,
9iohGf_-OcI-00133-00041450-00041690 to flag the issue  and to ask for a meeting.
9iohGf_-OcI-00134-00041734-00042053 So far, radio silence.
9iohGf_-OcI-00135-00042267-00042497 So we are here today  to call for action.
9iohGf_-OcI-00136-00042538-00042804 Now, let's hear from Luke and David,
9iohGf_-OcI-00137-00042805-00042986 and we'll take your questions  at the end.
9iohGf_-OcI-00138-00042987-00043139 Thank you.
9iohGf_-OcI-00139-00043141-00043302 [Luke Reid] Thanks so much, Laura.
9iohGf_-OcI-00140-00043338-00043613 Um, as, uh, Laura said, my name is Luke Reid.
9iohGf_-OcI-00141-00043614-00043891 I am a staff lawyer  at ARCH Disability Law Centre.
9iohGf_-OcI-00142-00043915-00044511 Um, ARCH is a specialty legal aid clinic, uh, focusing on disability law.
9iohGf_-OcI-00143-00044532-00044855 Um, one of the major focuses of our work
9iohGf_-OcI-00144-00044856-00045100 is, uh, tackling a lot of the barriers 
9iohGf_-OcI-00145-00045101-00045376 that students with disabilities  face in the education system.
9iohGf_-OcI-00146-00045412-00045806 Um, I just want to thank, right off the bat,
9iohGf_-OcI-00147-00045807-00046139 the Ontario Autism Coalition and the AODA Alliance
9iohGf_-OcI-00148-00046141-00046534 for, uh, inviting me here today to share, uh, briefly
9iohGf_-OcI-00149-00046563-00046999 some of what ARCH is seeing, uh, when, for, from the people that call us.
9iohGf_-OcI-00150-00047033-00047244 Um, so, as I mentioned, uh,
9iohGf_-OcI-00151-00047245-00047464 ARCH gets, uh, lots of calls and requests 
9iohGf_-OcI-00152-00047516-00047806 from persons with disabilities for advice and representation
9iohGf_-OcI-00153-00047807-00048019 on a wide range of issues.
9iohGf_-OcI-00154-00048057-00048391 Um, one of our primary and, uh, largest practice areas
9iohGf_-OcI-00155-00048431-00048590 is education law.
9iohGf_-OcI-00156-00048591-00048916 And again, that is focused on, uh, removing the barriers,
9iohGf_-OcI-00157-00048935-00049133 uh, that students  with disabilities face.
9iohGf_-OcI-00158-00049160-00049534 Uh, and one of the most significant and recurring issues
9iohGf_-OcI-00159-00049572-00049755 is this issue of exclusion.
9iohGf_-OcI-00160-00049783-00050160 Um, exclusion comes  in a variety of different forms.
9iohGf_-OcI-00161-00050195-00050567 Uh, principals can formerly exclude, uh, students
9iohGf_-OcI-00162-00050569-00050972 under section 2651m of the Education Act,
9iohGf_-OcI-00163-00050973-00051127 uh, as Laura mentioned,
9iohGf_-OcI-00164-00051129-00051440 and it gives them  a broad range of powers to do that.
9iohGf_-OcI-00165-00051441-00051639 They have a lot of discretion  in that area.
9iohGf_-OcI-00166-00051664-00052039 Um, at other times though, exclusions are done very informally.
9iohGf_-OcI-00167-00052198-00052423 Students are just asked  not to come in,
9iohGf_-OcI-00168-00052424-00052703 or parents are just asked  to come pickup their children early.
9iohGf_-OcI-00169-00052738-00053017 They're not, they're told that they  basically just can't come back,
9iohGf_-OcI-00170-00053084-00053402 uh, until the principal okays it.
9iohGf_-OcI-00171-00053436-00053915 Um, finally, the other type of exclusion that often occurs
9iohGf_-OcI-00172-00053916-00054246 is when a principal  shortens a student's school day.
9iohGf_-OcI-00173-00054268-00054447 As Laura mentioned, you know,
9iohGf_-OcI-00174-00054448-00054754 this can turn into a vanishingly small school day,
9iohGf_-OcI-00175-00054756-00054923 up to 15 minutes a day.
9iohGf_-OcI-00176-00054952-00055140 Um, and I have some statistics later
9iohGf_-OcI-00177-00055141-00055490 which I would like to talk about, uh, in association with that.
9iohGf_-OcI-00178-00055533-00055713 Um, either way though,
9iohGf_-OcI-00179-00055749-00056034 if a student  isn't properly accommodated,
9iohGf_-OcI-00180-00056035-00056334 if they are being excluded  for a disability related reason,
9iohGf_-OcI-00181-00056336-00056704 and they're not properly accommodated, it's unjustified.
9iohGf_-OcI-00182-00056800-00057153 School boards have an obligation, under the Human Rights Code of Ontario,
9iohGf_-OcI-00183-00057225-00057462 to ac- properly accommodate students
9iohGf_-OcI-00184-00057463-00057760 or to facilitate  their meaningful access to an education.
9iohGf_-OcI-00185-00057873-00058052 I just wanna be clear though,
9iohGf_-OcI-00186-00058089-00058503 we're not talking about situations  in which parents or students,
9iohGf_-OcI-00187-00058531-00058917 you know, are requesting  that they be able to take an absence.
9iohGf_-OcI-00188-00058942-00059189 We're talking about situations where students and families
9iohGf_-OcI-00189-00059190-00059610 want to go to school, and they're not able to do that 
9iohGf_-OcI-00190-00059611-00059869 because somebody in the school board  is telling them no.
9iohGf_-OcI-00191-00059997-00060189 These situations often occur
9iohGf_-OcI-00192-00060241-00060568 in the context of a long history of accommodation problems
9iohGf_-OcI-00193-00060570-00060900 where it's become clear that more needs to be done
9iohGf_-OcI-00194-00060902-00061087 to help the student  better manage at school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00195-00061089-00061253 but no steps has been taken.
9iohGf_-OcI-00196-00061285-00061446 Uh, as Laura mentioned,
9iohGf_-OcI-00197-00061447-00061802 there is no formal legislative or policy limit
9iohGf_-OcI-00198-00061804-00062144 on how long  these exclusions can last.
9iohGf_-OcI-00199-00062221-00062421 It's sorta the Wild West  in some ways.
9iohGf_-OcI-00200-00062486-00062769 Um, there's often a marked absence
9iohGf_-OcI-00201-00062771-00063210 of due process during this, this exclusion process.
9iohGf_-OcI-00202-00063240-00063527 We've seen cases where families aren't given reasons
9iohGf_-OcI-00203-00063589-00063808 for why their child is, is excluded.
9iohGf_-OcI-00204-00063847-00064117 Uh, we've seen cases where families aren't told
9iohGf_-OcI-00205-00064167-00064434 that they have a right  to appeal those exclusions.
9iohGf_-OcI-00206-00064459-00064682 We also have seen cases where families aren't told
9iohGf_-OcI-00207-00064683-00064887 that the student who is excluded
9iohGf_-OcI-00208-00064889-00065113 has a right to alternative  forms of education,
9iohGf_-OcI-00209-00065115-00065459 like tutoring at home, during that exclusion.
9iohGf_-OcI-00210-00065595-00065774 However, I really wanna emphasize here 
9iohGf_-OcI-00211-00065775-00066066 that the primary issue is often one of accommodation
9iohGf_-OcI-00212-00066148-00066566 and whether the school board is properly fulfilling its obligation
9iohGf_-OcI-00213-00066568-00066766 to accommodate  students with disabilities.
9iohGf_-OcI-00214-00066810-00067126 To give you just a brief sense  of the scale of the problem,
9iohGf_-OcI-00215-00067127-00067517 ARCH and its partners, uh, recently undertook some research 
9iohGf_-OcI-00216-00067519-00067818 specific to students  with intellectual disabilities.
9iohGf_-OcI-00217-00067859-00068255 Uh, and during that, more than half of all the parents surveyed,
9iohGf_-OcI-00218-00068317-00068603 uh, reported that their child's day  had been shortened,
9iohGf_-OcI-00219-00068624-00068883 and that on average, the children lost 
9iohGf_-OcI-00220-00068885-00069260 approximately four hours  out of a six hour school day.
9iohGf_-OcI-00221-00069295-00069767 It's 2/3 of their education that they lost on an ongoing basis
9iohGf_-OcI-00222-00069769-00070038 because their day  had been shortened.
9iohGf_-OcI-00223-00070127-00070415 More than 25 percent of parents of that sample
9iohGf_-OcI-00224-00070450-00070850 reported that they had been told not to  bring their students to school one day,
9iohGf_-OcI-00225-00070891-00071273 and almost half of all parents reported that they've been unable
9iohGf_-OcI-00226-00071316-00071608 to bring their child to school, uh, on a day 
9iohGf_-OcI-00227-00071609-00071783 because of a lack  of accommodations.
9iohGf_-OcI-00228-00071870-00072086 It should be clear based on this,
9iohGf_-OcI-00229-00072088-00072437 this an ongoing and prevalent problem  for students with disabilities,
9iohGf_-OcI-00230-00072464-00072718 and is the result of many of,
9iohGf_-OcI-00231-00072719-00073019 systemic problems in our, in our education system,
9iohGf_-OcI-00232-00073022-00073394 not the least of which is problema- problematic exclusionary practices.
9iohGf_-OcI-00233-00073536-00073727 We found, in many cases,
9iohGf_-OcI-00234-00073729-00073958 that a lawyer can be quite helpful
9iohGf_-OcI-00235-00073959-00074310 in getting a school board  to rescind an exclusion.
9iohGf_-OcI-00236-00074378-00074650 It's not always successful, but a lawyer, you know,
9iohGf_-OcI-00237-00074651-00074987 is, is, obviously, a great resource in those cases.
9iohGf_-OcI-00238-00075010-00075193 However, we're very cognizant of the fact 
9iohGf_-OcI-00239-00075195-00075544 that not all families  have access to a lawyer.
9iohGf_-OcI-00240-00075546-00075748 Not all families know they can call ARCH
9iohGf_-OcI-00241-00075749-00075977 or some of the other specialty legal clinics
9iohGf_-OcI-00242-00075978-00076472 who deal with exclusion, um, for advice or representation.
9iohGf_-OcI-00243-00076502-00076726 So despite the fact that a lot of school boards
9iohGf_-OcI-00244-00076728-00077079 may not be living up to their duty  to accommodate students with disabilities,
9iohGf_-OcI-00245-00077100-00077543 uh, exclusion remains a persistent  problem in our education system.
9iohGf_-OcI-00246-00077579-00077799 So I'd just like to pass it over  to David now.
9iohGf_-OcI-00247-00078019-00078226 [coughs] Oh, sorry. Take the phone.
9iohGf_-OcI-00248-00078409-00078613 [David Lepofsky] Thank you very much and good morning.
9iohGf_-OcI-00249-00078614-00079070 Uh, the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Alliance
9iohGf_-OcI-00250-00079072-00079644 is delighted to partner with the, uh, Ontario Autism Coalition, uh, here today,
9iohGf_-OcI-00251-00079696-00079985 uh, and to continue our efforts to press for equality
9iohGf_-OcI-00252-00079987-00080294 for students with disabilities  in Ontario schools.
9iohGf_-OcI-00253-00080400-00080660 Uh, people with disabilities live in a society
9iohGf_-OcI-00254-00080661-00080902 that is designed as if, uh,
9iohGf_-OcI-00255-00080903-00081152 only people without disabilities  are gonna be there,
9iohGf_-OcI-00256-00081153-00081609 and our education system, uh, is just one example of that.
9iohGf_-OcI-00257-00081673-00082113 We, uh, lead the campaign to try to get the provincial government
9iohGf_-OcI-00258-00082115-00082359 to effectively, uh, implement
9iohGf_-OcI-00259-00082360-00082626 the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act
9iohGf_-OcI-00260-00082660-00082892 to tear down barriers across our society
9iohGf_-OcI-00261-00082893-00083175 that, uh, obstruct people with disabilities 
9iohGf_-OcI-00262-00083176-00083375 from fully participating  in Ontario life.
9iohGf_-OcI-00263-00083424-00083857 That includes efforts, uh, that we lead to try to tear down the barriers
9iohGf_-OcI-00264-00083858-00084165 facing students with disabilities  in Ontario's education system.
9iohGf_-OcI-00265-00084221-00084440 The power in Ontario's Education Act
9iohGf_-OcI-00266-00084497-00084903 of a principal to unilaterally  exclude a student from school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00267-00084952-00085381 a burden borne, in, in no small part, by students with disabilities.
9iohGf_-OcI-00268-00085383-00085597 The power to do it  without having to give reasons,
9iohGf_-OcI-00269-00085638-00086059 without any, uh, definite period, uh, for it to end,
9iohGf_-OcI-00270-00086060-00086376 without having to report it internally  within the school board,
9iohGf_-OcI-00271-00086377-00086638 without it, it having to be effectively tracked.
9iohGf_-OcI-00272-00086672-00086996 This is an example  of a significant barrier.
9iohGf_-OcI-00273-00087129-00087546 Well, it's not good enough for us to,  uh, point out a problem.
9iohGf_-OcI-00274-00087591-00087749 We need to offer solutions.
9iohGf_-OcI-00275-00087750-00087912 That's what I'm gonna do.
9iohGf_-OcI-00276-00087937-00088097 But before I do that,
9iohGf_-OcI-00277-00088098-00088509 I wanna mention that it's hard to track what's really going on out there.
9iohGf_-OcI-00278-00088546-00088908 I have a team of wonderful, uh, Osgoode Hall law students 
9iohGf_-OcI-00279-00088910-00089117 who volunteered to undertake a survey
9iohGf_-OcI-00280-00089118-00089419 of all our school boards, just to find out, do they have a policy?
9iohGf_-OcI-00281-00089456-00089795 What is it? Uh, do they collect data?
9iohGf_-OcI-00282-00089796-00090047 If so, what is it? How do they mark attendance?
9iohGf_-OcI-00283-00090090-00090368 That survey  is in the works right now,
9iohGf_-OcI-00284-00090426-00090609 but so far, what we're finding is 
9iohGf_-OcI-00285-00090611-00090873 it's hard to even find out answers
9iohGf_-OcI-00286-00090875-00091111 to those basic questions  from our school boards.
9iohGf_-OcI-00287-00091144-00091309 That's unacceptable.
9iohGf_-OcI-00288-00091310-00091591 It adds to the fog over this entire process
9iohGf_-OcI-00289-00091593-00091758 that you've heard about.
9iohGf_-OcI-00290-00091759-00092121 Well, we'd like to offer two specific actions
9iohGf_-OcI-00291-00092123-00092319 that the Ford government  should take today,
9iohGf_-OcI-00292-00092369-00092591 and its timely that we're discussing it today
9iohGf_-OcI-00293-00092592-00092746 because, at least according to twitter,
9iohGf_-OcI-00294-00092785-00093132 uh, uh, the Ford government is focusing a great deal of attention
9iohGf_-OcI-00295-00093133-00093333 on, on mental health issues today.
9iohGf_-OcI-00296-00093354-00093548 And this is, in no small part,
9iohGf_-OcI-00297-00093549-00093838 part of issues confronting students with mental health issues
9iohGf_-OcI-00298-00093839-00094067 among others, in our school system.
9iohGf_-OcI-00299-00094177-00094338 Well, what are the solutions?
9iohGf_-OcI-00300-00094339-00094720 First, we are calling on  the Minister of Education,
9iohGf_-OcI-00301-00094722-00094896 uh, the Honorable Lisa Thompson,
9iohGf_-OcI-00302-00094897-00095378 to immediately convene a summit  on exclusions from school.
9iohGf_-OcI-00303-00095379-00095581 A summit that would  include representation,
9iohGf_-OcI-00304-00095642-00095940 uh, from organizations, uh, of parents,
9iohGf_-OcI-00305-00095975-00096159 particularly parents  of kids with disabilities,
9iohGf_-OcI-00306-00096160-00096330 and other parents who may be, uh, families
9iohGf_-OcI-00307-00096331-00096505 that may be, uh, affected by this.
9iohGf_-OcI-00308-00096579-00096903 A consultation that we'll bring  to the same table, uh, teachers,
9iohGf_-OcI-00309-00096959-00097283 principals, school boards, the key players.
9iohGf_-OcI-00310-00097284-00097618 Let's get together and see if we can – and students of course –
9iohGf_-OcI-00311-00097619-00097985 and let's see if we can find some common ground
9iohGf_-OcI-00312-00098018-00098373 and some common sense solutions  that the government can implement,
9iohGf_-OcI-00313-00098374-00098658 whether through changing legislation  or changing policy.
9iohGf_-OcI-00314-00098735-00099100 In the meantime, uh, we need immediate action 
9iohGf_-OcI-00315-00099101-00099357 to at least reign in the excesses
9iohGf_-OcI-00316-00099410-00099932 that are inherent in section 265-1m  of the Education Act.
9iohGf_-OcI-00317-00099960-00100285 So we're calling on the, uh, Minister of Education now 
9iohGf_-OcI-00318-00100318-00100518 to issue a policy directive.
9iohGf_-OcI-00319-00100519-00100691 They issue lots of them  to school boards,
9iohGf_-OcI-00320-00100692-00100972 it's not a big deal, they've done it before in other areas,
9iohGf_-OcI-00321-00100974-00101132 and they can do it again.
9iohGf_-OcI-00322-00101133-00101327 A policy direction that would simply impose
9iohGf_-OcI-00323-00101328-00101673 some interim common sense constraints
9iohGf_-OcI-00324-00101674-00101836 on how this power is used.
9iohGf_-OcI-00325-00101880-00102048 Here are just a few ideas.
9iohGf_-OcI-00326-00102087-00102437 How about requiring that if a principal is going to refuse
9iohGf_-OcI-00327-00102438-00102796 to admit a student from school, uh, under this provision,
9iohGf_-OcI-00328-00102837-00103057 whether they claim  it's formal or informal,
9iohGf_-OcI-00329-00103059-00103288 whether it's normally done by a phone call
9iohGf_-OcI-00330-00103289-00103451 or something more structured,
9iohGf_-OcI-00331-00103453-00103677 they got to put it  in writing immediately.
9iohGf_-OcI-00332-00103752-00104151 How about requiring that they give  the family the reason for it?
9iohGf_-OcI-00333-00104206-00104482 How about agreeing  that as an interim step,
9iohGf_-OcI-00334-00104540-00104899 such an exclusion from school cannot be longer than five days
9iohGf_-OcI-00335-00104954-00105195 unless the school board can justify extending it
9iohGf_-OcI-00336-00105197-00105397 for another five days, and so on.
9iohGf_-OcI-00337-00105432-00105702 So we don't run the risk  of these indefinite, uh,
9iohGf_-OcI-00338-00105704-00106127 extent, uh... refusals to admit that we've heard about.
9iohGf_-OcI-00339-00106157-00106466 How about requiring that the principal, if they do this,
9iohGf_-OcI-00340-00106535-00106733 report internally within the school board
9iohGf_-OcI-00341-00106767-00107130 that they've excluded a student, who it is, what their reasons were,
9iohGf_-OcI-00342-00107156-00107369 and how long it's gonna go on for?
9iohGf_-OcI-00343-00107458-00107661 How about also having school boards
9iohGf_-OcI-00344-00107663-00107908 aggregate that date and reporting it publicly?
9iohGf_-OcI-00345-00107941-00108374 Finally, how about, as, uh, we heard from Laura,
9iohGf_-OcI-00346-00108389-00108651 having the province require school boards
9iohGf_-OcI-00347-00108654-00108973 to use a unique attendance code  to mark attendance.
9iohGf_-OcI-00348-00109052-00109356 In our press release, we provide a link to a policy direction 
9iohGf_-OcI-00349-00109358-00109601 that the government already provides to school boards
9iohGf_-OcI-00350-00109602-00109774 about how to mark attendance  generally.
9iohGf_-OcI-00351-00109828-00110267 But what they do with refusals to admit, I'm not saying this is intentional,
9iohGf_-OcI-00352-00110269-00110635 but the, the fact is clear, is they obfuscate, they blur,
9iohGf_-OcI-00353-00110637-00110816 they fog the whole issue
9iohGf_-OcI-00354-00110817-00111144 because the same code  for refusal to admit,
9iohGf_-OcI-00355-00111171-00111436 uh, a day, uh, that a student misses at school 
9iohGf_-OcI-00356-00111438-00111719 because of refusal to, uh, admit the student to school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00357-00111721-00112007 also applies  to other kinds of absences.
9iohGf_-OcI-00358-00112087-00112375 Well, if the Ministry just amended that policy
9iohGf_-OcI-00359-00112377-00112544 and said here's the unique code
9iohGf_-OcI-00360-00112574-00112870 to be used whenever a student misses, uh, time at school 
9iohGf_-OcI-00361-00112871-00113179 due to a principal refusing  to admit the student to school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00362-00113237-00113701 uh, then that would provide a capacity of the school board itself
9iohGf_-OcI-00363-00113764-00114082 and the province to push a button
9iohGf_-OcI-00364-00114083-00114462 and immediately see how many school days  are being lost to this.
9iohGf_-OcI-00365-00114499-00114741 A- and that would be  a helpful starting point.
9iohGf_-OcI-00366-00114787-00115231 Now, we'd like to go further  in being constructive.
9iohGf_-OcI-00367-00115267-00115454 We've said  that there should be a summit.
9iohGf_-OcI-00368-00115493-00115813 We said that there should be  some immediate short term, uh,
9iohGf_-OcI-00369-00115815-00116055 uh, common sense constraints  put on this power.
9iohGf_-OcI-00370-00116121-00116482 We've got, uh, an option, or, uh, a possibility,
9iohGf_-OcI-00371-00116534-00116699 uh, that this  could all be built on.
9iohGf_-OcI-00372-00116788-00116946 Uh, as you've heard earlier,
9iohGf_-OcI-00373-00116969-00117249 I am a member of the Special Education Advisory Committee
9iohGf_-OcI-00374-00117251-00117418 of the Toronto District School Board
9iohGf_-OcI-00375-00117420-00117843 and its former Chair from, uh, during the years 2016 and 2017.
9iohGf_-OcI-00376-00117877-00118296 Our Special Education  Advisory Committee, uh,
9iohGf_-OcI-00377-00118297-00118516 did a, uh, review of this very issue.
9iohGf_-OcI-00378-00118540-00118709 And a year ago,
9iohGf_-OcI-00379-00118710-00118986 we passed a detailed four page recommendation
9iohGf_-OcI-00380-00119042-00119203 to the Toronto District  School Board,
9iohGf_-OcI-00381-00119205-00119443 in the absence of provincial action  in this area,
9iohGf_-OcI-00382-00119444-00119731 on how the Toronto District  School Board can reign that in.
9iohGf_-OcI-00383-00119732-00119904 Now, they're deliberating on that.
9iohGf_-OcI-00384-00119908-00120225 Next Monday's Special Education  Advisory Committee meeting,
9iohGf_-OcI-00385-00120265-00120568 uh, February, uh, 4th, will include an opportunity for us 
9iohGf_-OcI-00386-00120570-00121050 to give feedback on a draft policy  that the TDSB is considering.
9iohGf_-OcI-00387-00121093-00121454 But at least, the recommendations that we've formulated
9iohGf_-OcI-00388-00121491-00121818 would provide a good template  for a basis for these discussions,
9iohGf_-OcI-00389-00121820-00122221 a good starting point and, uh, we strongly, uh, encourage that.
9iohGf_-OcI-00390-00122302-00122623 Let me just turn  to one big picture issue to conclude.
9iohGf_-OcI-00391-00122715-00122945 Uh, this is part  of a bigger problem.
9iohGf_-OcI-00392-00123018-00123282 This is part of a problem  that our school board,
9iohGf_-OcI-00393-00123284-00123493 uh, our, pardon me, that our education system 
9iohGf_-OcI-00394-00123494-00123844 is replete with many barriers  impeding students with disabilities.
9iohGf_-OcI-00395-00123881-00124055 A longer term solution,
9iohGf_-OcI-00396-00124056-00124458 not something that, uh, uh, can be done tomorrow,
9iohGf_-OcI-00397-00124459-00124838 but a longer term solution is enacting an education accessibility standard
9iohGf_-OcI-00398-00124881-00125127 under the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act
9iohGf_-OcI-00399-00125128-00125450 that would detail the barriers that need  to be removed in our school system,
9iohGf_-OcI-00400-00125489-00125658 uh, and by when.
9iohGf_-OcI-00401-00125659-00126027 The, uh, previous government appointed a standards development committee
9iohGf_-OcI-00402-00126028-00126240 to develop  recommendations for that.
9iohGf_-OcI-00403-00126269-00126645 I'm serving on the K-12 Education  Standards Development Committee.
9iohGf_-OcI-00404-00126692-00126976 The, uh, when in opposition, the Conservative Party 
9iohGf_-OcI-00405-00126978-00127262 supported the need for that kind of regulation
9iohGf_-OcI-00406-00127293-00127575 and pressed the previous government  to act far more quickly.
9iohGf_-OcI-00407-00127692-00127982 Since the, uh, June election however,
9iohGf_-OcI-00408-00127983-00128248 our work has been frozen. It's all been shut down.
9iohGf_-OcI-00409-00128250-00128522 We're all on hold. And we've been pressing the govern-
9iohGf_-OcI-00410-00128523-00128823 the, uh, Ford government for months  to lift the freeze,
9iohGf_-OcI-00411-00128825-00129012 let us get to the table, and let us be able 
9iohGf_-OcI-00412-00129013-00129518 to help them discover  and address the many barriers,
9iohGf_-OcI-00413-00129520-00130053 not just this one, uh, uh, that are, uh, uh, inherent in our education system,
9iohGf_-OcI-00414-00130054-00130332 so that they can take action  to remove them.
9iohGf_-OcI-00415-00130353-00130555 It's important that that, uh, ban,
9iohGf_-OcI-00416-00130557-00130750 or pardon me, that that freeze on our work,
9iohGf_-OcI-00417-00130752-00130986 uh, be lifted  and be lifted immediately.
9iohGf_-OcI-00418-00131017-00131264 Let me conclude  by just clarifying one thing.
9iohGf_-OcI-00419-00131265-00131454 It is fabulous  that the Globe and Mail,
9iohGf_-OcI-00420-00131495-00132007 uh, published some leading reporting  on this, uh, earlier, this month.
9iohGf_-OcI-00421-00132008-00132172 But there's one thing in those articles
9iohGf_-OcI-00422-00132173-00132403 that, uh, I'd like to address  and clear up.
9iohGf_-OcI-00423-00132437-00132772 Those articles, uh, uh, not only address 
9iohGf_-OcI-00424-00132773-00133034 the problem of students  being excluded from school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00425-00133078-00133480 uh, or, uh, the technical language of the legislature been refused
9iohGf_-OcI-00426-00133481-00133668 t- to be admitted to school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00427-00133727-00134086 but they also got into the debate  about whether students with disabilities,
9iohGf_-OcI-00428-00134087-00134255 uh, and when students with disabilities
9iohGf_-OcI-00429-00134256-00134518 should be included  in a regular classroom,
9iohGf_-OcI-00430-00134519-00134682 and when they should be educated
9iohGf_-OcI-00431-00134684-00134888 in a separate  special education classroom.
9iohGf_-OcI-00432-00134928-00135188 These are two  completely different issues.
9iohGf_-OcI-00433-00135319-00135724 Yes, there are debates over when and, uh, uh, students with disabilities,
9iohGf_-OcI-00434-00135726-00135989 uh, are included  in the regular classroom,
9iohGf_-OcI-00435-00135990-00136295 and there's lots to discuss  in that important area.
9iohGf_-OcI-00436-00136369-00136710 Um, and Ontario has, uh, lots of progress to make in that area.
9iohGf_-OcI-00437-00136763-00137150 However, the refusal to admit issue is completely separate
9iohGf_-OcI-00438-00137151-00137516 when the principal  refuses to admit a student to school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00439-00137563-00137732 that means they're refused,
9iohGf_-OcI-00440-00137733-00138003 they're excluded  from everything at that school.
9iohGf_-OcI-00441-00138029-00138246 They're excluded  from the regular classroom,
9iohGf_-OcI-00442-00138260-00138614 they're excluded  from a special education classroom.
9iohGf_-OcI-00443-00138626-00138874 They're excluded from everything.
9iohGf_-OcI-00444-00138924-00139098 And the debate over reigning,
9iohGf_-OcI-00445-00139099-00139322 or the discussion over reigning in
9iohGf_-OcI-00446-00139420-00139825 the excesses of section 265 of the Education Act
9iohGf_-OcI-00447-00139827-00140434 shouldn't be distracted, uh, uh, or, or held back by discussions 
9iohGf_-OcI-00448-00140435-00140735 over inclusion  versus special education classes.
9iohGf_-OcI-00449-00140763-00140923 They are two separate issues,
9iohGf_-OcI-00450-00140928-00141266 and it's important  that they not be, uh, confused.
9iohGf_-OcI-00451-00141373-00141558 Anyway, we'd welcome your questions 
9iohGf_-OcI-00452-00141560-00141822 and be happy  to provide further information.
9iohGf_-OcI-00453-00141823-00141979 Laura.
9iohGf_-OcI-00454-00141981-00142192 [Laura] Hey. Hi.
9iohGf_-OcI-00455-00142193-00142434 [Victoria] I'm curious.... [Laura] What's, what's  your name?
9iohGf_-OcI-00456-00142436-00142596 [Victoria] Sorry. I'm Victoria. I'm with the Globe and Mail.
9iohGf_-OcI-00457-00142597-00142981 Um, I'm curious whether or not, uh, you've any feedback on this 
9iohGf_-OcI-00458-00143017-00143456 from either the principals', uh, counsel  or the teacher's unions of any kind,
9iohGf_-OcI-00459-00143457-00143717 um, on these recommendations that you're making?
9iohGf_-OcI-00460-00143718-00144056 [Laura] I did reach out to, uh, the head of the principals' council 
9iohGf_-OcI-00461-00144057-00144318 after I did, uh, an interview on,  Metro Morning,
9iohGf_-OcI-00462-00144319-00144776 um, and suggested that we  grab a coffee and, and talk.
9iohGf_-OcI-00463-00144777-00144941 I haven't heard back from him.
9iohGf_-OcI-00464-00144943-00145304 Um, I am in regular contact  with the teacher's federations,
9iohGf_-OcI-00465-00145358-00145793 um, and CUPE, the, the union that represents education assistance,
9iohGf_-OcI-00466-00145815-00146203 and we're continuing to dialog about, um, about exclusion 
9iohGf_-OcI-00467-00146205-00146724 and, and about the, the challenges  of inclusion. Um, so those....
9iohGf_-OcI-00468-00146726-00146970 [Victoria]Can I ask what that dialog is, is looking like right now?
9iohGf_-OcI-00469-00146971-00147344 [Laura] Well, essentially, I mean, I started making the rounds last year,
9iohGf_-OcI-00470-00147346-00147650 uh, talking to, to all of them and, and saying,
9iohGf_-OcI-00471-00147651-00147979 you know, look, we're seeing, on our end as, as parents,
9iohGf_-OcI-00472-00147981-00148258 problems where our kids  are being excluded,
9iohGf_-OcI-00473-00148260-00148431 our kids are being restrained,
9iohGf_-OcI-00474-00148432-00148640 our kids are not  being accommodated properly,
9iohGf_-OcI-00475-00148641-00148836 um, and our kids are acting out.
9iohGf_-OcI-00476-00148874-00149243 And they're seeing the flip side of that as workers.
9iohGf_-OcI-00477-00149244-00149429 And, and I understand this  because I'm a teacher.
9iohGf_-OcI-00478-00149430-00149611 So I'm at both sides of this desk.
9iohGf_-OcI-00479-00149634-00149885 Um, their workers are, are seeing kids,
9iohGf_-OcI-00480-00149914-00150145 uh, increasingly acting out  in school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00481-00150147-00150299 and some of them  are getting injured.
9iohGf_-OcI-00482-00150313-00150576 And so I've had some good success in, in speaking to labour,
9iohGf_-OcI-00483-00150577-00150863 saying look, we're all in this together,
9iohGf_-OcI-00484-00150893-00151117 and you're just looking at  the other side of,
9iohGf_-OcI-00485-00151118-00151353 of the same coin, basically.
9iohGf_-OcI-00486-00151354-00151671 So how do we partner together to, to try to address this.
9iohGf_-OcI-00487-00151716-00152230 Um, and I... I think the idea of a summit  would, would bring us together.
9iohGf_-OcI-00488-00152231-00152494 I think, in a lot of ways, really what's needed 
9iohGf_-OcI-00489-00152495-00152777 is for, for parents to have a chance to sit down
9iohGf_-OcI-00490-00152778-00153057 and talk to education workers, including principals,
9iohGf_-OcI-00491-00153059-00153323 to say, "Here's what a day  in my life looks like."
9iohGf_-OcI-00492-00153356-00153702 Um, and then for principals and educational workers to say,
9iohGf_-OcI-00493-00153703-00153909 "And here's the challenges  we're facing."
9iohGf_-OcI-00494-00153931-00154102 Because as I said earlier, like, it's not,
9iohGf_-OcI-00495-00154219-00154465 I don't, I, I'm definitely not okay 
9iohGf_-OcI-00496-00154467-00154690 with how often principals  are using this power,
9iohGf_-OcI-00497-00154691-00155156 but I understand the systemic issues that are forcing them
9iohGf_-OcI-00498-00155191-00155430 to, to sometimes reach into their toolbox
9iohGf_-OcI-00499-00155431-00155661 and pull out  that particular weapon.
9iohGf_-OcI-00500-00155703-00155910 [David] Can I just, let me just add a couple of thoughts.
9iohGf_-OcI-00501-00155954-00156265 Um, for one thing, we wanna emphasize,
9iohGf_-OcI-00502-00156267-00156440 as... as Laura just said,
9iohGf_-OcI-00503-00156493-00156852 that principals are kind of, uh, caught in the middle here 
9iohGf_-OcI-00504-00156910-00157129 because the province gives them, not only this power,
9iohGf_-OcI-00505-00157130-00157504 but section 265 says they have, they have a duty 
9iohGf_-OcI-00506-00157567-00157798 to refuse to admit students to school
9iohGf_-OcI-00507-00157800-00158057 in, uh, in these situations.
9iohGf_-OcI-00508-00158058-00158239 And then it provides inadequate,
9iohGf_-OcI-00509-00158240-00158525 uh, clearly inadequate  constraints and direction.
9iohGf_-OcI-00510-00158559-00158749 That's where  the province can intervene,
9iohGf_-OcI-00511-00158750-00158994 uh, longer term  by amending the provision,
9iohGf_-OcI-00512-00159020-00159350 but in the shorter term by a, uh, a policy direction.
9iohGf_-OcI-00513-00159399-00159565 And they do that  in a lots of other ways.
9iohGf_-OcI-00514-00159566-00159881 And that would give principals  a lot more guidance, a lot more comfort.
9iohGf_-OcI-00515-00159932-00160186 And so each school, uh, over 5,000 of them,
9iohGf_-OcI-00516-00160188-00160480 doesn't become its own  little fiefdom kingdom or whatever,
9iohGf_-OcI-00517-00160521-00160726 uh, with them, as Laura said earlier,
9iohGf_-OcI-00518-00160728-00160888 a law unto themselves.
9iohGf_-OcI-00519-00160913-00161430 Um, and, the, uh, so that's... that's part one.
9iohGf_-OcI-00520-00161432-00161639 The other thing  in terms of the broader issue,
9iohGf_-OcI-00521-00161641-00161953 just so you know, we, uh, the AODA Alliance l-
9iohGf_-OcI-00522-00161955-00162143 has led the campaign to get the provincial government
9iohGf_-OcI-00523-00162144-00162378 to enact an education accessibility standard
9iohGf_-OcI-00524-00162421-00162794 to address barriers broadly  facing students with disabilities.
9iohGf_-OcI-00525-00162796-00163149 And we got letters of support  from the, uh,
9iohGf_-OcI-00526-00163207-00163373 a number  of the major teachers unions.
9iohGf_-OcI-00527-00163432-00163638 The, uh, element- ETFO,
9iohGf_-OcI-00528-00163639-00163812 the Elementary  Teachers' Federation of Ontario,
9iohGf_-OcI-00529-00163813-00164025 the Ontario Secondary  School Teachers' Federation,
9iohGf_-OcI-00530-00164046-00164291 the Ontario English  Catholic Teachers' Association.
9iohGf_-OcI-00531-00164292-00164702 Like a number of these, uh, organizations came forward.
9iohGf_-OcI-00532-00164757-00165065 Uh, a- and people working in the frontline of the education systems
9iohGf_-OcI-00533-00165067-00165276 saying to the province, you know,
9iohGf_-OcI-00534-00165278-00165507 "We need more action to tear down the barriers
9iohGf_-OcI-00535-00165509-00165664 facing the students we teach,
9iohGf_-OcI-00536-00165665-00165831 the students with disabilities  that we teach.
9iohGf_-OcI-00537-00165865-00166194 So, uh, we see that there are  a lot of allies to work with on this.
9iohGf_-OcI-00538-00166236-00166497 Uh, but we just can't  leave the status quo in place.
9iohGf_-OcI-00539-00166498-00166659 It's just not, uh, sustainable.
9iohGf_-OcI-00540-00166789-00167168 [Laura] If y- If you think about it  from a... a rights perspective,
9iohGf_-OcI-00541-00167205-00167550 um, and you think of the, the image of the scales of justice,
9iohGf_-OcI-00542-00167551-00167939 what, what's really in conflict here is the rights of com-
9iohGf_-OcI-00543-00167941-00168165 students sometimes  with complex special needs,
9iohGf_-OcI-00544-00168215-00168381 um, on one, on the one hand,
9iohGf_-OcI-00545-00168382-00168753 and what the principals will call  the safety concerns on the other hand.
9iohGf_-OcI-00546-00168783-00169144 And the problem right now  is it's tipped entirely on, on one side.
9iohGf_-OcI-00547-00169187-00169390 And so all a principal has to do 
9iohGf_-OcI-00548-00169392-00169650 is mention the words, you know, safety of the other students,
9iohGf_-OcI-00549-00169676-00170003 and you can even have a situation like, like my son's,
9iohGf_-OcI-00550-00170005-00170208 where he had one meltdown
9iohGf_-OcI-00551-00170209-00170452 and wound up being excluded  for six months.
9iohGf_-OcI-00552-00170453-00170620 It was completely disproportionate.
9iohGf_-OcI-00553-00170656-00170964 And so what we're trying to do is... is balance that out.
9iohGf_-OcI-00554-00170989-00171347 I understand the, the pressures  that, that schools are facing,
9iohGf_-OcI-00555-00171349-00171689 but we have to, we have to fight to, to,
9iohGf_-OcI-00556-00171727-00171998 you know, to advocate for the extra supports 
9iohGf_-OcI-00557-00172000-00172157 that are needed in schools.
9iohGf_-OcI-00558-00172159-00172500 Um, and I, I think we're gonna be able to ultimately forge an alliance
9iohGf_-OcI-00559-00172502-00172817 where parents, and teachers, um, and students 
9iohGf_-OcI-00560-00172819-00173036 are all on the same side on this
9iohGf_-OcI-00561-00173038-00173399 'cause it, you know, we all want what's best for our kids,
9iohGf_-OcI-00562-00173400-00173870 and that is for all kids to access  a meaningful public education.
9iohGf_-OcI-00563-00173918-00174129 [David] Uh, I could just give you  a couple of other points.
9iohGf_-OcI-00564-00174130-00174604 Is whenever, whenever, uh, a principal, or anyone,
9iohGf_-OcI-00565-00174605-00174860 starts conceptualizing this  as a clash of rights,
9iohGf_-OcI-00566-00174952-00175108 the important thing is to do,
9iohGf_-OcI-00567-00175109-00175270 is to not leap  to that conclusion too quickly.
9iohGf_-OcI-00568-00175356-00175660 And it may well be that there are ways  to reconcile all of them.
9iohGf_-OcI-00569-00175661-00175964 So, for example, if the student with the disability 
9iohGf_-OcI-00570-00175966-00176283 if effectively accommodated, as the school board is required,
9iohGf_-OcI-00571-00176343-00176685 would present no risk to anyone,
9iohGf_-OcI-00572-00176686-00176909 much less a serious or substantial risk,
9iohGf_-OcI-00573-00176991-00177219 then we can resolve this without ever having to deal
9iohGf_-OcI-00574-00177220-00177442 with any conflict of rights  or any exclu-
9iohGf_-OcI-00575-00177444-00177739 Th- but the other thing is because this is left to each principal
9iohGf_-OcI-00576-00177741-00178004 and this is, can be undocumented,
9iohGf_-OcI-00577-00178053-00178300 these could be issued in a way,
9iohGf_-OcI-00578-00178301-00178612 uh, or in circumstances where, where there's no risk at all.
9iohGf_-OcI-00579-00178717-00179106 Um, uh, he Toronto District  School Board has said,
9iohGf_-OcI-00580-00179107-00179317 at our special education  advisory committee,
9iohGf_-OcI-00581-00179373-00179627 that one of the cri- circumstances where they consider it 
9iohGf_-OcI-00582-00179628-00179851 is if there is a, there's been an incident,
9iohGf_-OcI-00583-00179852-00180097 and there is  a police investigation going on.
9iohGf_-OcI-00584-00180098-00180371 Now, I'm oversimplifying, but I, uh,
9iohGf_-OcI-00585-00180372-00180664 what is their policy, or their, their approach, I should say.
9iohGf_-OcI-00586-00180706-00181025 But this provision is not meant,
9iohGf_-OcI-00587-00181068-00181352 and should not be used, to facilitate police investigations.
9iohGf_-OcI-00588-00181353-00181579 There's no, why should a student be told 
9iohGf_-OcI-00589-00181581-00181835 not only to stay home  from his or her school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00590-00181837-00182000 but any school.
9iohGf_-OcI-00591-00182031-00182269 Well, police are, are interviewing witnesses,
9iohGf_-OcI-00592-00182271-00182445 they can  interview witnesses elsewhere.
9iohGf_-OcI-00593-00182446-00182694 I mean, they could, if they need to put their tape down 
9iohGf_-OcI-00594-00182695-00182972 and take crime scene information,
9iohGf_-OcI-00595-00182974-00183306 that doesn't mean that the whole school  has to be, uh,
9iohGf_-OcI-00596-00183307-00183561 uh, like, you know, uh, forboden to the student.
9iohGf_-OcI-00597-00183562-00183730 Do you follow me? So it's....
9iohGf_-OcI-00598-00183797-00184106 Part of the fact that we are kind of  in the wild west here,
9iohGf_-OcI-00599-00184234-00184596 is... part of the result of it
9iohGf_-OcI-00600-00184598-00184845 is that this could be used in any wide range of circumstances
9iohGf_-OcI-00601-00184846-00185092 as you heard from Luke and, and Laura, it is.
9iohGf_-OcI-00602-00185204-00185507 [Victoria] Well, when you're requesting  a, uh, an immediate policy directive,
9iohGf_-OcI-00603-00185508-00185716 but I guess the question is  why, uh,
9iohGf_-OcI-00604-00185750-00186112 are your requests not inclusive of, um, extra resources?
9iohGf_-OcI-00605-00186147-00186376 Where you saying the issue is, is schools are dealing with these,
9iohGf_-OcI-00606-00186378-00186554 this lack of resources, if you're asking-
9iohGf_-OcI-00607-00186556-00186722 [David] Well, uh, look, It's very simple.
9iohGf_-OcI-00608-00186723-00186909 The first things first, okay?
9iohGf_-OcI-00609-00186911-00187171 Obviously, added resources can always help,
9iohGf_-OcI-00610-00187173-00187456 and also examining how existing resources are allocated
9iohGf_-OcI-00611-00187458-00187709 can also help, but immediate action,
9iohGf_-OcI-00612-00187746-00187921 we don't need to wait for new resources
9iohGf_-OcI-00613-00187923-00188225 for a principal to give the family a reason
9iohGf_-OcI-00614-00188321-00188627 for telling the child  that they can't come to school.
9iohGf_-OcI-00615-00188659-00188897 Or putting it in writing and writing a letter
9iohGf_-OcI-00616-00188898-00189175 so it's documented for reporting  to their supervisors,
9iohGf_-OcI-00617-00189176-00189400 for, uh, having the attendance score.
9iohGf_-OcI-00618-00189402-00189592 The various measures that, that I listed 
9iohGf_-OcI-00619-00189617-00189813 are measures they could implement tomorrow
9iohGf_-OcI-00620-00189814-00190091 that make common sense  that don't require added resources,
9iohGf_-OcI-00621-00190112-00190435 and at least could be curving constrain- the, the excesses,
9iohGf_-OcI-00622-00190437-00190677 some of the excesses of this power
9iohGf_-OcI-00623-00190679-00190928 while, uh, while we sit down at the table 
9iohGf_-OcI-00624-00190929-00191260 and look for bigger fixes, um, and longer term fixes,
9iohGf_-OcI-00625-00191261-00191535 which, you know, if they open the door to issues 
9iohGf_-OcI-00626-00191536-00191736 about new resources  or reallocating resources,
9iohGf_-OcI-00627-00191759-00191914 we can have those discussions.
9iohGf_-OcI-00628-00191915-00192259 But the moment in government that you say, "Oh, we, we also want new resources,"
9iohGf_-OcI-00629-00192260-00192483 that, especially in current economic situation
9iohGf_-OcI-00630-00192485-00192814 and the current, uh, discussions in terms of funding,
9iohGf_-OcI-00631-00192815-00192986 that's gonna slow progress down.
9iohGf_-OcI-00632-00193022-00193236 And we need some immediate action.
9iohGf_-OcI-00633-00193264-00193514 So that, that's why the, the immediate two asks 
9iohGf_-OcI-00634-00193516-00193677 are the ones  that we've put forward.
9iohGf_-OcI-00635-00193709-00193930 [Sneh] [indistinct]
9iohGf_-OcI-00636-00194006-00194297 [Laura] What's your name? [Sneh] Sneh with Queen's Park Briefing.
9iohGf_-OcI-00637-00194298-00194467 [Laura] Hi. [Sneh] Hi. Um....
9iohGf_-OcI-00638-00194565-00194880 So you mentioned that you, you've kind of seen both sides.
9iohGf_-OcI-00639-00194908-00195262 Um, in that respect, do you think that there are situations 
9iohGf_-OcI-00640-00195264-00195710 where it's appropriate  to exclude a student,
9iohGf_-OcI-00641-00195712-00196248 um, maybe not for six months, but for a portion of time?
9iohGf_-OcI-00642-00196250-00196418 [Laura] It's a hard question to answer.
9iohGf_-OcI-00643-00196419-00196660 [David] Do you want me to crack at, try at that? [Laura] Uh, sure.
9iohGf_-OcI-00644-00196677-00196890 [David] Uh, I have asked,
9iohGf_-OcI-00645-00196891-00197148 at the Toronto District School Board  special education meetings,
9iohGf_-OcI-00646-00197149-00197397 the staff, at open meetings,
9iohGf_-OcI-00647-00197398-00197789 can you tell me a situation where you cannot have a child excluded,
9iohGf_-OcI-00648-00197790-00198313 uh, uh, prevented from coming to school  by way of a suspension or an expulsion,
9iohGf_-OcI-00649-00198315-00198508 and you need to resort  to this power?
9iohGf_-OcI-00650-00198510-00198879 And I have yet to hear  a clear and convincing example.
9iohGf_-OcI-00651-00198881-00199138 I don't mean  that I'm pointing to a particular child,
9iohGf_-OcI-00652-00199140-00199299 I mean a hypothetical.
9iohGf_-OcI-00653-00199300-00199677 But even if there is  some emergency need,
9iohGf_-OcI-00654-00199731-00200155 even if there's some emergency need, it would not be indefinite,
9iohGf_-OcI-00655-00200200-00200513 it would not be, uh, without reasons,
9iohGf_-OcI-00656-00200546-00200788 it would not be  without proper written notification,
9iohGf_-OcI-00657-00200789-00201046 it would not be without telling  the family they have a right to appeal.
9iohGf_-OcI-00658-00201047-00201434 It would be with an immediate expeditious opportunity for review
9iohGf_-OcI-00659-00201435-00201894 because the burden on a child  to not go to school is pretty profound.
9iohGf_-OcI-00660-00201919-00202309 So the debate doesn't have to be  should it be there at all.
9iohGf_-OcI-00661-00202339-00202512 There are constraints  that could limit it.
9iohGf_-OcI-00662-00202514-00203115 Um... and that could, uh, narrow this discussion profoundly.
9iohGf_-OcI-00663-00203163-00203551 Uh, but, uh, we, we turn to them and asked,
9iohGf_-OcI-00664-00203552-00203764 and, and the only example I was given at the time
9iohGf_-OcI-00665-00203767-00203946 was this  police investigation thing.
9iohGf_-OcI-00666-00203978-00204378 And I don't, uh, genuinely, I don't think that that's, uh 
9iohGf_-OcI-00667-00204380-00204616 – Luke, you might want to speak to this – but I don't think that's appropriate use.
9iohGf_-OcI-00668-00204668-00204871 Of the Educational Act, it's not a criminal law 
9iohGf_-OcI-00669-00204872-00205271 enforcement statute, it's a statute  aimed at educating children.
9iohGf_-OcI-00670-00205330-00205655 [Laura] I, I think what, what we're concerned about too 
9iohGf_-OcI-00671-00205657-00205904 is that, that this is being used by principals
9iohGf_-OcI-00672-00205906-00206216 because they don't want to do all of the paperwork
9iohGf_-OcI-00673-00206217-00206493 that's involved in a suspension  or an expulsion.
9iohGf_-OcI-00674-00206521-00206739 But there's also complexities here, right?
9iohGf_-OcI-00675-00206762-00207194 You're, you're not supposed to suspend, or ex- even exclude or expel a student 
9iohGf_-OcI-00676-00207239-00207651 for behaviour that's related  to their disability, right?
9iohGf_-OcI-00677-00207679-00207968 You don't punish a kid with Tourette's for swearing
9iohGf_-OcI-00678-00207969-00208133 and then suspend them.
9iohGf_-OcI-00679-00208134-00208421 Well, if a child with autism  has meltdowns,
9iohGf_-OcI-00680-00208471-00208778 um, do you suspend them  because they're violent?
9iohGf_-OcI-00681-00208814-00209011 There's, there's complexities here,
9iohGf_-OcI-00682-00209013-00209270 but I think what we are seeing  is principals going,
9iohGf_-OcI-00683-00209271-00209579 "Well, if I issue a suspension  or an expulsion,
9iohGf_-OcI-00684-00209613-00209774 then I got to do the letter."
9iohGf_-OcI-00685-00209775-00210085 I get there's a whole appeal process  that could be really long.
9iohGf_-OcI-00686-00210121-00210559 What, what I'm concerned about is the number of, uh, of parents
9iohGf_-OcI-00687-00210579-00210896 who, even like me, had never even heard 
9iohGf_-OcI-00688-00210919-00211140 that exclusion  was a thing that existed.
9iohGf_-OcI-00689-00211171-00211446 Um, who may  have a language barrier,
9iohGf_-OcI-00690-00211473-00211698 who may not know their rights
9iohGf_-OcI-00691-00211699-00211994 or, or be willing to take on  the education system.
9iohGf_-OcI-00692-00211996-00212284 Who are simply told, by the big boss at the school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00693-00212286-00212475 you have to keep your kid home.
9iohGf_-OcI-00694-00212501-00212692 And then the burden shifts to them.
9iohGf_-OcI-00695-00212693-00212963 And we need to talk about  that part of the story here too.
9iohGf_-OcI-00696-00212991-00213451 Because the exclusion obviously impacts  the child first and, and foremost,
9iohGf_-OcI-00697-00213484-00213686 but it also  impacts the entire family.
9iohGf_-OcI-00698-00213709-00213907 Because if the child  can't go to school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00699-00213958-00214126 someone has to be with that kid.
9iohGf_-OcI-00700-00214161-00214459 So that means, usually, a parent has to stop working.
9iohGf_-OcI-00701-00214553-00214830 And... and in my case, that's what I had to do.
9iohGf_-OcI-00702-00214852-00215260 Um, and, and that  places a financial burden on the family.
9iohGf_-OcI-00703-00215285-00215677 And then the stress and the anxiety of knowing that this is indefinite,
9iohGf_-OcI-00704-00215731-00216150 and you have no idea when  your child's going to be back in school.
9iohGf_-OcI-00705-00216173-00216563 And then dealing with the separation and the, and the anxiety
9iohGf_-OcI-00706-00216564-00216894 that your, your child is going through  and trying to support them.
9iohGf_-OcI-00707-00216955-00217774 Um, it's... it's a huge ripple effect that goes through the, the family
9iohGf_-OcI-00708-00217776-00217981 and, and the child  missing their friends,
9iohGf_-OcI-00709-00217983-00218182 not understanding, you know,
9iohGf_-OcI-00710-00218184-00218405 when am I gonna be able to go back, Mommy? I don't know.
9iohGf_-OcI-00711-00218457-00218671 [David] The other thing.... Let me just do....
9iohGf_-OcI-00712-00218756-00219001 The other thing is if you, you've put the question,
9iohGf_-OcI-00713-00219038-00219387 uh, which is a, a valid question, you know,
9iohGf_-OcI-00714-00219388-00219776 are there circumstances  when this should ever be done?
9iohGf_-OcI-00715-00219842-00220011 That's what we can discuss  at the summit.
9iohGf_-OcI-00716-00220042-00220200 That's where if we get principals,
9iohGf_-OcI-00717-00220201-00220353 and teachers, and school boards at the table,
9iohGf_-OcI-00718-00220379-00220544 uh, we could discuss that
9iohGf_-OcI-00719-00220545-00220710 and give the government  some advice on that.
9iohGf_-OcI-00720-00220744-00221187 Uh, but if you look at our short-term fixes
9iohGf_-OcI-00721-00221212-00221397 in the policy directive  we're seeking,
9iohGf_-OcI-00722-00221514-00221958 we're not saying, uh, in that  to immediately stop its use ever,
9iohGf_-OcI-00723-00221959-00222434 we're saying put, uh, put some common sense constraints on it 
9iohGf_-OcI-00724-00222435-00222625 that are basic fairness,
9iohGf_-OcI-00725-00222659-00223036 uh, while we figure out  what the future of this should be.
9iohGf_-OcI-00726-00223050-00223207 Sorry, Luke.
9iohGf_-OcI-00727-00223208-00223436 [Luke] Um, I just wanted to just step in,
9iohGf_-OcI-00728-00223437-00223723 just in terms of our experience  and the use of exclusions,
9iohGf_-OcI-00729-00223724-00223883 and suspension, and expulsions.
9iohGf_-OcI-00730-00223920-00224388 Um, typically, our experience is that principals will use suspensions,
9iohGf_-OcI-00731-00224407-00224652 but exclusions are often invoked
9iohGf_-OcI-00732-00224654-00225171 as a way to circumvent the time limits, uh, that are placed on a suspension.
9iohGf_-OcI-00733-00225172-00225469 So you cannot suspend a student  for more than 20 days.
9iohGf_-OcI-00734-00225537-00225936 And so we've seen a number of cases  where a principal will,
9iohGf_-OcI-00735-00225981-00226216 uh, at the end of that twenty days, say,
9iohGf_-OcI-00736-00226217-00226465 "Well, no, we need to exclude this student further 
9iohGf_-OcI-00737-00226466-00226742 because, uh, they can't, they still can't be in school."
9iohGf_-OcI-00738-00226779-00227188 Um, so, we often see it as a way to sidestep
9iohGf_-OcI-00739-00227216-00227406 some of the procedural protections
9iohGf_-OcI-00740-00227407-00227668 that are built  into the suspension process.
9iohGf_-OcI-00741-00227833-00228343 Uh, is basically, the, how 265 is being used.
9iohGf_-OcI-00742-00228571-00228738 [Sneh] I just wanted to ask you as well
9iohGf_-OcI-00743-00228739-00229082 that you mentioned accommodation  as one of the issues.
9iohGf_-OcI-00744-00229121-00229392 Um, what would you like  to see on that front?
9iohGf_-OcI-00745-00229394-00229728 What are, um, things  that you think would help?
9iohGf_-OcI-00746-00229729-00229887 [David] Let me offer you a couple.
9iohGf_-OcI-00747-00229888-00230119 I mean, that's, that's what we need 
9iohGf_-OcI-00748-00230121-00230337 the Education Accessibility Standard  to do.
9iohGf_-OcI-00749-00230405-00230835 Because kids with disabilities go to a school system
9iohGf_-OcI-00750-00230836-00231432 that is designed, uh, without regard  to their being there initially.
9iohGf_-OcI-00751-00231433-00231756 Uh, and so we need to deal
9iohGf_-OcI-00752-00231757-00231950 with a lot of accom- uh, individual accommodation.
9iohGf_-OcI-00753-00231952-00232138 And the Human Rights Code  and the Charter of Rights provide,
9iohGf_-OcI-00754-00232140-00232396 impose, give, give students with disabilities 
9iohGf_-OcI-00755-00232398-00232628 a right to be accommodated and the school system
9iohGf_-OcI-00756-00232629-00232792 a duty to accommodate them.
9iohGf_-OcI-00757-00232839-00233132 The problem right now  is that they then have to,
9iohGf_-OcI-00758-00233133-00233290 if they, they can't get what they need,
9iohGf_-OcI-00759-00233291-00233649 they've got to go and, uh, uh, take on the school system.
9iohGf_-OcI-00760-00233651-00234056 There is not a mandatory affective internal appeal process
9iohGf_-OcI-00761-00234057-00234551 to even raise these problems if they're  not getting the accommodations needed,
9iohGf_-OcI-00762-00234553-00234911 the resort has to be to lawyer up  and go to the Human Rights Tribunal.
9iohGf_-OcI-00763-00234912-00235129 And who wants to do that, to take on their school.
9iohGf_-OcI-00764-00235184-00235420 Uh, it's ex- costly, it takes a lot of time,
9iohGf_-OcI-00765-00235421-00235797 it's, it's, uh, confrontational, and it's, uh, burdensome.
9iohGf_-OcI-00766-00235833-00236168 By the time you get a decision, your kid might be aged out of school.
9iohGf_-OcI-00767-00236293-00236608 And so, uh,  that's part of the problem.
9iohGf_-OcI-00768-00236609-00236781 And think of the vicious cycle
9iohGf_-OcI-00769-00236782-00237048 that comes from what... what Luke is describing.
9iohGf_-OcI-00770-00237050-00237209 If a child has accommodation needs,
9iohGf_-OcI-00771-00237210-00237434 they don't get their needs, so they act out at school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00772-00237452-00237623 so the school says  you've gotta be excluded.
9iohGf_-OcI-00773-00237625-00237831 I mean that, that, if that chain of events happens,
9iohGf_-OcI-00774-00237832-00237989 that's just unfair.
9iohGf_-OcI-00775-00237990-00238311 The exclusion is rooted in the failure of the, the school board
9iohGf_-OcI-00776-00238312-00238477 to, to accommodate if that hap-.
9iohGf_-OcI-00777-00238479-00238728 Now, we're not saying every student  isn't accommodated,
9iohGf_-OcI-00778-00238730-00238885 or anything like that,
9iohGf_-OcI-00779-00238887-00239640 but it's that risk that this unbridled  and arbitrary power, um, could allow.
9iohGf_-OcI-00780-00239678-00240050 Um, I, I will tell you that if you want just one example
9iohGf_-OcI-00781-00240052-00240281 that relates  to our activity that the,
9iohGf_-OcI-00782-00240283-00240488 the government's focused  today on mental health.
9iohGf_-OcI-00783-00240580-00240845 So you've heard the reference  to special education,
9iohGf_-OcI-00784-00240846-00241057 and students  with special education needs.
9iohGf_-OcI-00785-00241071-00241350 The definition of special education students
9iohGf_-OcI-00786-00241423-00241844 in the Education Act is out of date and it's antiquated,
9iohGf_-OcI-00787-00241846-00242093 and it does not include  all mental health conditions.
9iohGf_-OcI-00788-00242127-00242333 It only includes a mental health condition
9iohGf_-OcI-00789-00242334-00242606 if you reach the point  of being a behaviour problem.
9iohGf_-OcI-00790-00242670-00243067 So the Human Rights Code  protects students with any disability,
9iohGf_-OcI-00791-00243069-00243224 including  a mental health condition,
9iohGf_-OcI-00792-00243225-00243396 whether or not  they're a behaviour problem.
9iohGf_-OcI-00793-00243398-00243551 You with me?
9iohGf_-OcI-00794-00243552-00244009 But the special education law doesn't kick in and provide you anything
9iohGf_-OcI-00795-00244010-00244412 under the special education regime until your mental health condition
9iohGf_-OcI-00796-00244487-00244889 is, uh, reaches a point, if it does, of a behaviour problem.
9iohGf_-OcI-00797-00244961-00245180 Well, that's, that makes no sense.
9iohGf_-OcI-00798-00245209-00245596 Uh, and we've been asking the government  to fix this for, for years.
9iohGf_-OcI-00799-00245666-00246045 Uh, that, so, so, now,
9iohGf_-OcI-00800-00246047-00246329 there are efforts to address  mental health issues in school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00801-00246330-00246617 but the, if, if you talk  to special education officials,
9iohGf_-OcI-00802-00246618-00246978 when they look to the definitions of who they're supposed to serve,
9iohGf_-OcI-00803-00246979-00247327 it does not include, um, uh, uh,
9iohGf_-OcI-00804-00247329-00247521 students  with any mental health condition,
9iohGf_-OcI-00805-00247522-00247935 only relates to those who, uh, reach the point of a behaviour issue.
9iohGf_-OcI-00806-00248048-00248241 [Laura] And as, as that applies to autism,
9iohGf_-OcI-00807-00248243-00248512 you see a lot of people on the autism spectrum
9iohGf_-OcI-00808-00248514-00248761 that also suffer  from high levels of anxiety.
9iohGf_-OcI-00809-00248775-00249096 And often it's the anxiety that's, that's driving that behavior.
9iohGf_-OcI-00810-00249134-00249486 Um, one thing in, in terms of accommodations 
9iohGf_-OcI-00811-00249487-00249649 that, that are needed immediately,
9iohGf_-OcI-00812-00249658-00249858 I, I think my community would agree with me
9iohGf_-OcI-00813-00249859-00250041 that the one thing that's most lacking
9iohGf_-OcI-00814-00250042-00250492 is an adequate number of EA's  and trained EA's.
9iohGf_-OcI-00815-00250524-00251032 Um, the, you know, the idea that you're  gonna somehow send your child to school,
9iohGf_-OcI-00816-00251061-00251498 and they're gonna have a one to one EA, like, it's incredible rare.
9iohGf_-OcI-00817-00251529-00251796 Um, and some of our kids  need that one to one support.
9iohGf_-OcI-00818-00251797-00251976 They don't need it  for the entire twelve years,
9iohGf_-OcI-00819-00252015-00252207 but when they need it, they really need it.
9iohGf_-OcI-00820-00252248-00252598 Um, and there's a huge shortage  of education assistance,
9iohGf_-OcI-00821-00252630-00252914 and they need more, uh, rigorous training.
9iohGf_-OcI-00822-00252977-00253140 [David] There, there, sorry, go ahead.
9iohGf_-OcI-00823-00253178-00253455 [Luke] I was gonna say, um, just to add,
9iohGf_-OcI-00824-00253508-00253733 I think, to, to what David and Laura are saying.
9iohGf_-OcI-00825-00253776-00254143 Um, what we always look for in the schools
9iohGf_-OcI-00826-00254145-00254346 is, sort of, a more proactive process.
9iohGf_-OcI-00827-00254376-00254688 A process by which, uh, because you're, you know,
9iohGf_-OcI-00828-00254689-00254897 you're tracking these  sort of exclusions,
9iohGf_-OcI-00829-00254899-00255226 you're tracking, uh, behaviour problems and all that sort of thing,
9iohGf_-OcI-00830-00255227-00255512 That you can nip some of these problems in the bud
9iohGf_-OcI-00831-00255514-00255822 before, uh, they sort of escalate
9iohGf_-OcI-00832-00255823-00256020 to where you're looking at  months long problem,
9iohGf_-OcI-00833-00256021-00256194 or months long exclusions.
9iohGf_-OcI-00834-00256237-00256667 Um, you know, we think that's the most, the best way to manage that.
9iohGf_-OcI-00835-00256706-00257109 And part of the reason  we think tracking is so important,
9iohGf_-OcI-00836-00257148-00257523 um, because if you're not  tracking these problems,
9iohGf_-OcI-00837-00257525-00257842 it's very difficult to address them  before they escalate.
9iohGf_-OcI-00838-00257884-00258115 [David] Luke, you at ARCH tried freedom of information request
9iohGf_-OcI-00839-00258116-00258417 to school boards to get data  on how often they use the power, right?
9iohGf_-OcI-00840-00258418-00258672 [Luke] I did, I did. And of the ten largest 
9iohGf_-OcI-00841-00258673-00258890 school boards, uh, in this province,
9iohGf_-OcI-00842-00258892-00259525 I should clarify, at the time, only, uh, two years ago, 2016 I think,
9iohGf_-OcI-00843-00259527-00259836 at the time, only two  were tracking formal exclusions.
9iohGf_-OcI-00844-00259929-00260116 Um, I think since then,
9iohGf_-OcI-00845-00260153-00260555 one or two other boards have, have instituted an additional policy,
9iohGf_-OcI-00846-00260556-00261031 but, uh, it just goes to show that this, this issue was going under the radar,
9iohGf_-OcI-00847-00261033-00261399 uh, for a long time up until now,
9iohGf_-OcI-00848-00261400-00261799 and very few boards, uh, were really making a concerted effort 
9iohGf_-OcI-00849-00261800-00262208 to, to keep track of how often  this power was being used.
9iohGf_-OcI-00850-00262248-00262487 [David] Stay tuned 'cause when we get report back
9iohGf_-OcI-00851-00262488-00262701 from the law students who are  volunteering to work with me on this,
9iohGf_-OcI-00852-00262703-00262875 we will make that report public.
9iohGf_-OcI-00853-00262956-00263111 We're, it's still a work in progress.
9iohGf_-OcI-00854-00263160-00263425 [Laura] The autism mom in me is, is giggling 
9iohGf_-OcI-00855-00263427-00263675 because, of course, the, the first step 
9iohGf_-OcI-00856-00263677-00263996 of applied behavioural analysis  is the collection of data.
9iohGf_-OcI-00857-00264036-00264344 You observe behaviour  over a period of time, you track it,
9iohGf_-OcI-00858-00264345-00264709 and, and the, the biggest challenge that we've got on this issue
9iohGf_-OcI-00859-00264711-00264966 is that there's  an appalling lack of data.
9iohGf_-OcI-00860-00265002-00265406 Um, I'm not suggesting that school boards are deliberately trying to hide
9iohGf_-OcI-00861-00265407-00265624 how often  they're excluding students,
9iohGf_-OcI-00862-00265679-00266199 um, but I will say  they are not being fully transparent.
9iohGf_-OcI-00863-00266491-00266804 [Sneh] I just wanted to confirm that you haven't received
9iohGf_-OcI-00864-00266805-00267281 any correspondence back from  the Minister's office or Mr. Oosterhoff?
9iohGf_-OcI-00865-00267282-00267440 [Laura] No, ma'am.
9iohGf_-OcI-00866-00267552-00267722 I can give you a copy of the briefing note
9iohGf_-OcI-00867-00267724-00267895 that we presented to them  if you're interested,
9iohGf_-OcI-00868-00267973-00268208 and, uh, and the letter that, uh, that we sent.
9iohGf_-OcI-00869-00268210-00268381 I, I brought copies  of both of those.
9iohGf_-OcI-00870-00268382-00268613 [David] And we can show you  what we've sent to each school board.
9iohGf_-OcI-00871-00268701-00268958 Uh, one of the student is here  who's working on the team,
9iohGf_-OcI-00872-00269014-00269261 and we can show you what we've, we've sent to them.
9iohGf_-OcI-00873-00269314-00269515 We have one school board write back and just simply say,
9iohGf_-OcI-00874-00269517-00269674 no they won't answer us.
9iohGf_-OcI-00875-00269948-00270154 And they, they did not like the form,
9iohGf_-OcI-00876-00270155-00270329 or the way we were presenting it, or whatever,
9iohGf_-OcI-00877-00270331-00270509 but it was a list of questions.
9iohGf_-OcI-00878-00270510-00270670 [Laura] Yeah.
9iohGf_-OcI-00879-00270732-00270896 Any other questions?
9iohGf_-OcI-00880-00270934-00271169 [David] Just in, nothing else? In conclusion,
9iohGf_-OcI-00881-00271170-00271350 I, I just, I wanna emphasize one thing.
9iohGf_-OcI-00882-00271351-00271945 It's it would be, um, easy for some  looking at this to go,
9iohGf_-OcI-00883-00271946-00272114 "Well, kids acting up,
9iohGf_-OcI-00884-00272115-00272398 other kids are at risk, keep the kid who's acting up 
9iohGf_-OcI-00885-00272399-00272585 out of the classroom  or out of the school."
9iohGf_-OcI-00886-00272642-00272947 Uh, and that would seem like, "Okay, like, what's wrong with that?"
9iohGf_-OcI-00887-00273026-00273581 But the thing is this provision  isn't limited to that,
9iohGf_-OcI-00888-00273678-00273983 and it also doesn't provide the kind of oversight
9iohGf_-OcI-00889-00273984-00274393 to make sure that situations like that  are all it's being applied to.
9iohGf_-OcI-00890-00274486-00275132 Uh, and it... it talks about somebody,
9iohGf_-OcI-00891-00275134-00275458 the, the principal, basically thinking or forming a view 
9iohGf_-OcI-00892-00275459-00275986 that the... the student in question's presence at school would be detrimental
9iohGf_-OcI-00893-00275987-00276464 to the mental or physical, uh, health of oth- of other people.
9iohGf_-OcI-00894-00276466-00276704 I mean it's not immediate risk, it's not a clear risk,
9iohGf_-OcI-00895-00276705-00277232 it's not a substantial risk, um, it just got, has to be detrimental.
9iohGf_-OcI-00896-00277277-00277580 And it doesn't require the school, on its face,
9iohGf_-OcI-00897-00277581-00277900 to first try to accommodate  the needs of the student,
9iohGf_-OcI-00898-00277977-00278330 uh, that they're concerned about  to see if they can eliminate that risk.
9iohGf_-OcI-00899-00278459-00278661 And we've heard from Luke that if,
9iohGf_-OcI-00900-00278662-00278891 that often the problems   are presented where they didn't,
9iohGf_-OcI-00901-00278892-00279152 and they solve it  by getting the accommodation in place,
9iohGf_-OcI-00902-00279154-00279314 at least when ARCH intervened.
9iohGf_-OcI-00903-00279315-00280060 So it's... it would be wrong for the government 
9iohGf_-OcI-00904-00280061-00280344 to think of it in, in an oversimplified way that way.
9iohGf_-OcI-00905-00280346-00280545 And that's why we wanna  get to that summit.
9iohGf_-OcI-00906-00280582-00280834 And this government's got physical constraints,
9iohGf_-OcI-00907-00280835-00281181 so it's not a big expenditure  to just get us to the table,
9iohGf_-OcI-00908-00281182-00281430 and get us talking, and for them to listen.
9iohGf_-OcI-00909-00281432-00281733 And it's not a big constraint  to impose the, uh,
9iohGf_-OcI-00910-00281735-00281993 policy directive that we're prop- that we're suggesting.
9iohGf_-OcI-00911-00282253-00282479 [Luke] Can I just include  one final plug? [Laura] Go.
9iohGf_-OcI-00912-00282518-00282895 [Luke] Uh, if you're looking for, uh, the stats that, uh, I was citing,
9iohGf_-OcI-00913-00282952-00283352 uh, it's all in our report "If Inclusion Means Everyone, Why Not Me?"
9iohGf_-OcI-00914-00283408-00283658 Um, which is available  on ARCH's website.
9iohGf_-OcI-00915-00283660-00283935 [David] And we have a link to it in the  electronic version of our news release.
9iohGf_-OcI-00916-00283936-00284091 [Luke] Oh, good, thanks.
9iohGf_-OcI-00917-00284127-00284387 [Laura] And as I said, I've got, uh, I've got copies of the letter 
9iohGf_-OcI-00918-00284389-00284874 and the briefing notes and also the, uh, the TDSB, um, motion
9iohGf_-OcI-00919-00284875-00285050 that, uh, that David mentioned earlier.
9iohGf_-OcI-00920-00285071-00285414 So if any of those documents are helpful, just come up and help yourself.
9iohGf_-OcI-00921-00285517-00285788 [David] And if you, if you come to the Special Education Advisory Committee
9iohGf_-OcI-00922-00285789-00286114 meeting at 5050 Yonge Street, open to the public,
9iohGf_-OcI-00923-00286115-00286414 Monday February, uh, 4th from 7:00 to 9:00,
9iohGf_-OcI-00924-00286439-00286743 um, you can see us  having a chance to, uh,
9iohGf_-OcI-00925-00286745-00287027 feedback to the TDSB on what they're proposing
9iohGf_-OcI-00926-00287028-00287275 as they draft new policy  or procedure in this area.
9iohGf_-OcI-00927-00287417-00287640 [Laura] Thanks for coming in today. [David] And thank you, all.
9iRIArJ37rc-00000-00000000-00000584 In this video, we will show you how you can connectSuperOffice CRM with Cisco Webex.
9iRIArJ37rc-00001-00000619-00000891 You need to have administrator rights to do this.
9iRIArJ37rc-00002-00000914-00001292 You can onlyconnect to one video meeting provider at one time.
9iRIArJ37rc-00003-00001347-00001586 When you are logged into SuperOffice CRM,
9iRIArJ37rc-00004-00001600-00002215 go tothe Settings menu in the top right-hand corner and choose Settings and Maintenance from the drop down menu.
9iRIArJ37rc-00005-00002238-00002613 Here you can administrate and configure SuperOffice CRM.
9iRIArJ37rc-00006-00002642-00003277 In the navigator menu on the left-hand side click on the preferences button and open the video meetings tab.
9iRIArJ37rc-00007-00003318-00003736 To connect SuperOfficeCRM with Cisco Webex click the configure button.
9iRIArJ37rc-00008-00003768-00003954 A new browser tab will open.
9iRIArJ37rc-00009-00003978-00004567 On this page you can configure the connection between SuperOffice CRM and your video meeting provider.
9iRIArJ37rc-00010-00004594-00005006 Please be awareof the requirements for each individual video provider.
9iRIArJ37rc-00011-00005044-00005525 To connect SuperOffice CRM with Cisco Webex, you need a Cisco Webex account.
9iRIArJ37rc-00012-00005544-00005815 Start by clicking the Cisco Webex button.
9iRIArJ37rc-00013-00005840-00006302 Next you will be forwarded to Cisco Webex authentication portal.
9iRIArJ37rc-00014-00006319-00007252 Here you'll be asked to enter your username and password to complete the authentication and validate your user credentials for your Cisco Webex account.
9iRIArJ37rc-00015-00007264-00007706 We have now shown you how to connect SuperOfficeCRM with Cisco Webex.
9iRIArJ37rc-00016-00007729-00008513 To remove the integration between SuperOffice CRM and Cisco Webex you canclick the disconnect button on the configurationpage.
9iRIArJ37rc-00017-00008545-00008832 Your connection with Cisco Webex is now setup.
9iRIArJ37rc-00018-00008860-00009166 Make sure to close the configure settings web browser.
9iRIArJ37rc-00019-00009193-00009687 This will prompt SuperOffice CRM to reload and activate the Cisco Webex connection.
9iRIArJ37rc-00020-00009723-00010030 When you go back to the user side of SuperOfficeCRM.
9iRIArJ37rc-00021-00010050-00010520 You'll see that the video meeting button is now available on appointments in the diary.
9iRIArJ37rc-00022-00010542-00010683 Thankyou for watching.
9iRIArJ37rc-00023-00010693-00011111 For more information on how to improve your productivity with SuperOffice CRM.
9iRIArJ37rc-00024-00011111-00011346 Please visit our community website.
9mxbTUyeO5c-00000-00000260-00000572 Everything is good An African African man
9mxbTUyeO5c-00001-00000572-00000885 He had a childhood friend. That friend is a habit
9mxbTUyeO5c-00002-00000885-00001287 In each case, he said: -All things are good, either
9mxbTUyeO5c-00003-00001287-00001644 The King is doing it The friend is charging the weapon.
9mxbTUyeO5c-00004-00001644-00002091 Friend is something like that did not do, and when the king
9mxbTUyeO5c-00005-00002091-00002448 fired. The thumb of the right hand broke down, his friend was usual
9mxbTUyeO5c-00006-00002448-00002850 She said, "Everything is fine. The king answered,
9mxbTUyeO5c-00007-00002850-00003163 Is not that good? and gave his friend a prisoner
9mxbTUyeO5c-00008-00003163-00003564 It took about a year, The king was hunting for his
9mxbTUyeO5c-00009-00003564-00003832 in a safe place. But unexpectedly attacked
9mxbTUyeO5c-00010-00003832-00004146 Mens beats, they King and his crew
9mxbTUyeO5c-00011-00004146-00004369 captured. Everyone in the hands of the people
9mxbTUyeO5c-00012-00004369-00004682 they tied up wood for the captives They raised it
9mxbTUyeO5c-00013-00004682-00004950 the beam to which should be a captain victims.
9mxbTUyeO5c-00014-00004950-00005307 They are already getting ready They burned the vine when they noticed it
9mxbTUyeO5c-00015-00005307-00005663 that one of the captives was blunt no finger They are superstitious
9mxbTUyeO5c-00016-00005663-00006065 were on the body and a disadvantage Those who did not eat were not eating.
9mxbTUyeO5c-00017-00006065-00006289 The guys right away they let the king's hands go
9mxbTUyeO5c-00018-00006289-00006647 and I missed it. King's Conscience: began to reprimand him,
9mxbTUyeO5c-00019-00006647-00006870 what he did to a friend for:
9mxbTUyeO5c-00020-00006870-00007182 Minjer she is actually her He was saved by negligence
9mxbTUyeO5c-00021-00007182-00007406 his life. After returning home
9mxbTUyeO5c-00022-00007406-00007763 Immediately went to prison. "You were right." he said to the donkey.
9mxbTUyeO5c-00023-00007763-00008254 It was good that I lost my finger. and told him what had happened to him.
9mxbTUyeO5c-00024-00008254-00008701 - What kind of jail I've thrown into prison? - That was bad. He finished
9mxbTUyeO5c-00025-00008701-00009014 "No," he objected. - It was good
9mxbTUyeO5c-00026-00009014-00009550 "What do you say, what a good thing?" there was in it all you have
9mxbTUyeO5c-00027-00009550-00009863 spent years in jail. "If I'm not in jail,
9mxbTUyeO5c-00028-00009863-00010240 you will be there with you. The Bible says:
9mxbTUyeO5c-00029-00010240-00012793 Do not be fooled by him but know what the Lord is
9mxbTUyeO5c-00030-00012793-00014883 will. Every time, everything else Thanks for telling God!
9mxbTUyeO5c-00031-00014883-00016508 and Father to our Lord Jesus Christ by name.
9mxbTUyeO5c-00032-00016508-00017436 Ephesians 5: 17-20.
aoTiaR350U4-00000-00000279-00000978 At first, I could speak only Hindi so I only knew one language. There are so many languages
aoTiaR350U4-00001-00000978-00001500 in so many cities. I was unable to read books or stories. Now I can read.
aoTiaR350U4-00002-00001700-00002400 Teacher would make us read stories, watch movies, read books and teach new words.
aoTiaR350U4-00003-00002600-00003009 Bhaiyya tells the meaning of all the words, tells us stories in English so now it is easier to speak English
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00000-00000000-00000120 I don’t understand anything.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00002-00000184-00000336 I lost in my orienta...
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00003-00000336-00000432 I lost in my orientation...
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00004-00002088-00002232 Moira was fucking damaging you...
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00005-00002232-00002282 I saw it.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00006-00002282-00002332 Our.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00007-00002332-00002384 I thought...
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00008-00002384-00002494 I was watching her,
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00009-00002494-00002596 or rather, I was watching you.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00010-00002596-00002726 I thought:  is she really going to heal you?
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00011-00002726-00002814 And then BAM!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00012-00003350-00003476 I don’t understand anything.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00013-00003526-00003674 I lost in my orienta...
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00014-00003674-00003770 I lost in my orientation...
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00015-00004548-00004642 What was he doing there?
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00016-00004768-00004846 Average dickhead.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00017-00004896-00005084 I'm tired of them!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00018-00005084-00005172 What is this?
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00019-00005288-00005406 Turret... There.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00020-00005406-00005606 Wow, mayonnaise!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00021-00006014-00006228 Oh, I can smell farting
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00022-00006228-00006423 I suggest to wait for people
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00023-00006450-00006500 Ah,
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00024-00006509-00006562 mm,
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00025-00006612-00006686 a-ah,
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00026-00006686-00006886 it kinda hurts, you know?
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00027-00006976-00007400 Well It didn't bother me to have three golded coins as Zarya.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00028-00007400-00007552 Coins, fuck... Medals!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00029-00007698-00007884 We need more gold!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00030-00007934-00008076 I want gald!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00031-00008076-00008144 O-oh, fuck!!!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00032-00008144-00008632 Group up Rein! Come back Rein (repeatedly)
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00033-00008690-00008770 Yep, you're papega
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00034-00009306-00009488 Lol, Treaper kicked off immediately. Lol!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00035-00009626-00009738 Is Treaper going to ult?
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00036-00009738-00009836 Why did he go there?
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00037-00009836-00009888 Dunno!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00038-00009934-00010014 Probably
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00039-00010188-00010260 No, he won't.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00040-00010612-00010796 *strange noises*
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00041-00010840-00010896 What?
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00042-00010896-00011002 *strange noises*
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00043-00011002-00011164 English, do you speak?
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00044-00011244-00011366 Cock-A-Doodle-Doo!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00045-00011366-00011428 Wut?
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00046-00011518-00011594 So, granny.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00047-00011654-00011854 So we need to do something, granny.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00048-00011952-00012346 So! So! So! I'm on the point! I'm alive for now! it's temporary!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00049-00012422-00012550 Unfortunately they have already taken the point.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00050-00012562-00012660 Yes, I see it!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00051-00013874-00013936 I'm on the point!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00052-00014176-00014234 I threw him out!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00053-00014558-00014684 Man... What am I doing? Dunno.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00054-00014734-00014834 Huh, I almost died there.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00055-00018472-00018768 I saved Broomfist while he had hp for one fart.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00056-00018896-00019004 For one wisp.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00057-00020386-00020586 Crap, run Ira!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00058-00020720-00020932 Oh-h fuuuuck.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00059-00020994-00021194 I'm stuck on the wall,
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00060-00021266-00021512 they beat my face as hole!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00061-00022764-00023006 I'm on the point! I need some help!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00062-00023988-00024068 Well done.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00063-00024190-00024386 We need to kill Reaper.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00064-00024386-00024600 There is... there is...
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00065-00024606-00024804 Well, you got me. The turret.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00066-00024868-00025058 Well, it's pretty sweaty for me as a healer.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00067-00025058-00025506 Too many critical teammates around. And I have 2k of healing.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00068-00025506-00025666 I can give you one piece of advice.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00069-00025666-00025716 m?
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00070-00025716-00025792 BEER!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00071-00025832-00025956 Well said!
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00072-00026394-00026564 what are you doing, black ass?
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00073-00026627-00026692 I don't know.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00074-00026824-00027072 He's a lover of "ah-oh-oh" things.
a0PiQrpt5Iu-00075-00027104-00027272 Dickwads!!!
a1QeUTRumv4-00000-00000072-00000732 chupacabras are mythical monsters that attack farm animals especially goats and drain their
a1QeUTRumv4-00001-00000732-00001248 blood chupacabras is literally translated as goat suckers because of this Behavior
a1QeUTRumv4-00002-00001248-00001938 chupacabras entered contemporary folklore in 1975 after several Puerto Rican farm animals
a1QeUTRumv4-00003-00001938-00002574 were found drained of blood and with punctures on their necks in the 1990s hundreds of these attacks
a1QeUTRumv4-00004-00002574-00003228 were reported on animals the descriptions of this nocturnal creature vary widely it has been said to
a1QeUTRumv4-00005-00003228-00004068 be two to five feet tall with red orange or black eyes and a wolf like Jaw full of sharp fangs some
a1QeUTRumv4-00006-00004068-00004578 claim that its dark gray skin is covered with coarse hair while others say the skin can change
a1QeUTRumv4-00007-00004578-00005358 color it's short forearms and into three-fingered clawed hands 94 chupacabras Chiron was the wise
a1QeUTRumv4-00008-00005358-00006042 kind civilized Centaur who taught the hero Jason Chiron is shown here in a somber portrait from a
a1QeUTRumv4-00009-00006042-00006588 Roman Fresco that was recovered from the buried city of Herculaneum some claimed to have seen
a1QeUTRumv4-00010-00006588-00007200 quills or spikes running down its back that allow it to fly or at least Glide some reports include
a1QeUTRumv4-00011-00007200-00007908 bat-like Wings a chupacabra either walks upright on powerful clawed feet or hops like a kangaroo
a1QeUTRumv4-00012-00007908-00008562 the chupacabra also hisses a sound that apparently can nauseate those who hear it some people have
a1QeUTRumv4-00013-00008562-00009198 recorded that chupacabras give off a sulfur extench theories about the creature's origin have
a1QeUTRumv4-00014-00009198-00009840 ranged from Aliens leaving the creatures behind to genetic experiments gone away many people however
a1QeUTRumv4-00015-00009840-00010488 are certain that chupacabras exist only in the imagination toward the end of the 20th century
a1QeUTRumv4-00016-00010488-00011130 there were reports of chupacabras throughout the Caribbean in Mexico and Central America and into
a1QeUTRumv4-00017-00011130-00011904 Florida Texas and Arizona they were even reported in major U.S cities including New York and San
a1QeUTRumv4-00018-00011904-00012534 Francisco there have been few reported sightings of chupacabras since the turn of the 21st Century
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00000-00000000-00000126 GABY DE JONGH: --session.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00001-00000126-00000411 And we are, so that's wonderful.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00002-00000411-00000537 Great.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00003-00000537-00000981 So welcome and good afternoon, everybody, to accessible
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00004-00000981-00001404 technology services webinar series on video accessibility.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00005-00001404-00001692 My name is Gaby de Jongh, and I'm a member
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00006-00001692-00001902 of the IT accessibility team.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00007-00001902-00002118 And today, Terrill Thompson and I
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00008-00002118-00002695 are going to present several topics on video accessibility,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00009-00002695-00003060 including captioning, audio description, and accessible
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00010-00003060-00003325 media players, just to name a few.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00011-00003325-00003628 So we've got a lot of content to cover this afternoon,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00012-00003628-00004010 so let's go ahead and jump right in.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00013-00004010-00004060 OK.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00014-00004060-00004534 So when we think about accessible video,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00015-00004534-00005047 we think about who will be impacted by inaccessible video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00016-00005047-00005422 Certainly, users who are deaf, hard of hearing,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00017-00005422-00005809 or otherwise unable to hear audio will be impacted.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00018-00005809-00006202 And the solution to this is to provide captions.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00019-00006202-00006569 And this is an easier task to do than one might think.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00020-00006569-00006979 And it's an available option in many video platforms.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00021-00006979-00007284 And in a bit I'll go over steps for captioning video and Zoom,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00022-00007284-00007648 Panopto, and YouTube.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00023-00007648-00008053 Others who will be impacted by an accessible video
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00024-00008053-00008419 include users who are blind and have a visual impairment
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00025-00008419-00008707 or are otherwise unable to see video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00026-00008707-00009136 The solution for this barrier is to provide audio description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00027-00009136-00009496 And Terrill's going to talk a little bit later
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00028-00009496-00009997 on about audio description and offer some solutions later
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00029-00009997-00010335 on in the presentation.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00030-00010335-00010653 Users who are deaf and blind and are
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00031-00010653-00011025 unable to hear and see the audio and video
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00032-00011025-00011262 will also be impacted.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00033-00011262-00011751 The solution for this is to provide a transcript.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00034-00011751-00012222 And users will most likely consume this information
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00035-00012222-00012555 using a refreshable Braille display and a screen reader
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00036-00012555-00012762 to access the text.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00037-00012762-00013149 Transcripts are great and useful for searching keywords,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00038-00013149-00013563 and allow users to jump to specific sections of recording
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00039-00013563-00013769 based on that search.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00040-00013769-00013991 There are other examples of individuals impacted
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00041-00013991-00014199 by an accessible video, including
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00042-00014199-00014340 folks who don't use a mouse--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00043-00014340-00014568 they only use a keyboard to navigate--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00044-00014568-00014886 or speech input to dictate documents
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00045-00014886-00015176 or to navigate and control systems.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00046-00015176-00015477 Another examples include individuals
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00047-00015477-00015846 that use screen readers to access information and navigate
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00048-00015846-00016257 or individuals with low vision and depend
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00049-00016257-00016665 on high contrast or a custom color scheme.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00050-00016665-00016974 And solutions to these barriers would
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00051-00016974-00017238 be to provide an accessible media player that
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00052-00017238-00017547 can offer captions in multiple languages,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00053-00017547-00017868 audio description, ASL interpretation,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00054-00017868-00018186 control of rate and speed, as well as other customizable
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00055-00018186-00018282 options.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00056-00018282-00018579 And Terrill is going to talk more later about accessible
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00057-00018579-00018720 media players--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00058-00018720-00019200 an accessible media player that was developed here at the UW.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00059-00019200-00019431 And just for clarification, we wanted
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00060-00019431-00019665 to make sure we presented the differences
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00061-00019665-00020031 between the accessibility offices and responsibility
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00062-00020031-00020265 when it comes to accessible video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00063-00020265-00020613 If an individual has requested an accommodation,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00064-00020613-00020796 Disability Resources for Students
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00065-00020796-00021051 will provide funding and support for captioning and audio
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00066-00021051-00021381 description for course materials for students.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00067-00021381-00021750 And Disability Services Office will provide those services
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00068-00021750-00022077 for faculty, staff, and visitors to the University
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00069-00022077-00022351 of Washington.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00070-00022351-00022816 Assistive Technology Services provides internal grant funding
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00071-00022816-00023275 for captioning high-impact videos in a proactive manner.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00072-00023275-00023746 And we also provide training and support for UW departments
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00073-00023746-00024073 with regards to accessible IT.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00074-00024073-00024373 And I'll talk more about the grant-funded captioning
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00075-00024373-00024928 service more in depth as we get into captioning.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00076-00024928-00025144 So more about captioning-- and hopefully we
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00077-00025144-00025856 have captions turned on for this presentation as well.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00078-00025856-00026023 So how to caption videos--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00079-00026023-00026356 so for the next few minutes, I'm going to talk about captioning
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00080-00026356-00026725 and show you techniques for enabling automatic speech
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00081-00026725-00027199 recognition in Zoom, Panopto, and YouTube.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00082-00027199-00027481 And it's important to note is that automatic speech
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00083-00027481-00027820 recognition captions, or ASR, they
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00084-00027820-00028045 may not be accurate enough to serve
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00085-00028045-00028383 as an accommodation for people who depend on captions.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00086-00028383-00028711 Although the accuracy may be really high,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00087-00028711-00029098 they lack the ability to convey context
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00088-00029098-00029287 of what is happening in the meeting,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00089-00029287-00029527 and can often mislabel speakers.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00090-00029527-00030073 Also technical, medical, legal, and other specialized terms
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00091-00030073-00030512 are not often automatically transcribed accurately.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00092-00030512-00031102 However, with that said Zoom's ASR is really, really good.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00093-00031102-00031531 And in some situations, individuals prefer Zoom--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00094-00031531-00031924 the automatic Zoom captioning-- over human captioning.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00095-00031924-00032191 So it may be appropriate to reach out
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00096-00032191-00032512 to individuals who request accommodations
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00097-00032512-00032881 and ask if automatic captioning is acceptable.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00098-00032881-00033140 If they say yes, then you're good to go.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00099-00033140-00033373 But if they say no, then you should make arrangements
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00100-00033373-00033677 to hire a human captioner.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00101-00033677-00034067 And I'll also show you tips for editing caption
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00102-00034067-00034445 files using caption editors.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00103-00034445-00034820 So let's go over some steps in Zoom first.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00104-00034820-00035204 It is possible to have live automatically generated
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00105-00035204-00035456 captions for your meeting or webinar
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00106-00035456-00035831 depending upon the type of Zoom account that you have.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00107-00035831-00036020 And we're going to go over how to make sure
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00108-00036020-00036248 that you have the correct settings enabled
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00109-00036248-00036554 for displaying captions for webinars or meetings.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00110-00036554-00036770 But keep in mind that these settings do
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00111-00036770-00037130 need to be configured well in advance before your meeting
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00112-00037130-00037370 or webinar, and you'll need to make sure
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00113-00037370-00037616 that you're logged into your Zoom account
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00114-00037616-00038096 through your web browser rather than through the Zoom client
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00115-00038096-00038228 itself.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00116-00038228-00038558 And this slide shows where to find the settings
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00117-00038558-00038756 for cloud captioning.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00118-00038756-00039140 So when you're logged into your account from a web browser,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00119-00039140-00039269 you want to select--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00120-00039269-00039497 excuse me-- you want to select Settings
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00121-00039497-00039819 from the left-hand navigation menu.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00122-00039819-00040055 And from the Meeting tab, you want
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00123-00040055-00040679 to click on In Meeting Advance to expose those controls.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00124-00040679-00040917 And if you scroll down to the bottom, there a little bit,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00125-00040917-00041303 you'll see a toggle switch for closed captioning.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00126-00041303-00041486 You want to make sure that you turn that on
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00127-00041486-00042023 and select the checkbox for enabling live transcriptions
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00128-00042023-00042371 to appear in the side panel of the Zoom window.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00129-00042371-00042569 And you also want to make sure that you toggle
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00130-00042569-00042926 on Save Captions, which allows participants
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00131-00042926-00043333 to save the transcripts to their local computer.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00132-00043333-00043573 Now performing these steps only enables
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00133-00043573-00043882 captions to appear during the live Zoom meeting.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00134-00043882-00044398 It doesn't allow for captions to be saved to the Zoom cloud
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00135-00044398-00044768 recording, so there are some extra steps for that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00136-00044768-00045280 So if you want to save your captions in the Zoom cloud
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00137-00045280-00045832 recording, you have to enable Zoom Audio Transcription.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00138-00045832-00046270 And to do this, when you're in your Zoom account,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00139-00046270-00046531 you want to select the Recording tab
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00140-00046531-00046999 and click on the checkbox that says Audio Transcript.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00141-00046999-00047236 And this will automatically transcribe
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00142-00047236-00047458 the audio of a meeting or webinar
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00143-00047458-00047651 that you record to the cloud.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00144-00047651-00048148 And one of the disadvantages of captioning that it's not--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00145-00048148-00048410 it breaks off when you go into breakout rooms,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00146-00048410-00048841 so you do have to restart that captioning again.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00147-00048841-00049396 And if you do have somebody who has requested an accommodation,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00148-00049396-00049675 and you're anticipating breakout rooms,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00149-00049675-00050108 you're only going to have one captioner available.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00150-00050108-00050398 So if you have two people who need captions
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00151-00050398-00050563 for the breakout room, you're going
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00152-00050563-00050791 to need to make sure that you have two captioners who
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00153-00050791-00051013 can follow each one of those individuals
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00154-00051013-00051353 into the breakout room.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00155-00051353-00051403 OK.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00156-00051403-00051671 So now that you've got all of your settings
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00157-00051671-00051914 all set, then you'll need to turn
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00158-00051914-00052297 on the captions in your Zoom meeting or webinar.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00159-00052297-00052646 And to do that, on the Zoom toolbar,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00160-00052646-00053090 you'll see a Live Transcript but that's visible to you
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00161-00053090-00053277 as the meeting host.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00162-00053277-00053696 And if you click on that icon, then this little pop-up window
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00163-00053696-00054065 appears that's shown on this slide here.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00164-00054065-00054494 And then from this point, you can select Enable Auto
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00165-00054494-00054691 Transcription.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00166-00054691-00054880 And incidentally, these are the same steps
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00167-00054880-00055190 that you would take if someone had requested an accommodation
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00168-00055190-00055448 and you needed to assign third-party access
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00169-00055448-00055823 for a human captioner.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00170-00055823-00056102 If you decide to record your session,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00171-00056102-00056375 you'll be presented with options, either Save Locally
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00172-00056375-00056641 or Save To the Cloud.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00173-00056641-00056954 And you want to make sure that you save to the cloud,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00174-00056954-00057245 as that will give you access to the transcript
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00175-00057245-00057741 and you can make changes later on if necessary.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00176-00057741-00057973 OK, let's see.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00177-00057973-00058444 So once you're meeting or webinar has ended,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00178-00058444-00058744 it will take quite a bit of time for the recording
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00179-00058744-00058975 to be saved to the cloud.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00180-00058975-00059209 When that process is complete, you
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00181-00059209-00059470 should receive an email from Zoom with a link
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00182-00059470-00059641 to the recording.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00183-00059641-00059863 And clicking on that link within the email
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00184-00059863-00060078 will prompt you to log into your Zoom account
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00185-00060078-00060409 on your web browser, and will take you directly
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00186-00060409-00060619 to the cloud recording.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00187-00060619-00060913 And this slide shows you the account page
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00188-00060913-00061108 that the link will take you to.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00189-00061108-00061373 Now I want to point something out there.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00190-00061373-00061559 Notice in the lower left-hand corner,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00191-00061559-00061830 I've got a little arrow pointing there.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00192-00061830-00062164 And you can see that the audio transcript is still
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00193-00062164-00062311 being processed.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00194-00062311-00062545 And what this means is that even though the recording is
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00195-00062545-00062794 complete, the transcript is not yet
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00196-00062794-00063091 completed its process of saving to the cloud.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00197-00063091-00063349 And it takes a long time for the transcript
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00198-00063349-00063547 to automatically upload.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00199-00063547-00063734 But when that process is complete,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00200-00063734-00064186 you'll receive another email from Zoom notifying you
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00201-00064186-00064457 that the audio transcript is available.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00202-00064457-00064711 So you can click on that link within that email,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00203-00064711-00064912 and then I'll take you to the same page.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00204-00064912-00065257 But this time it will show you the file size of the audio.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00205-00065257-00065566 And in this case, it's probably 2 megabytes.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00206-00065566-00066164 So if you click on that, then you're
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00207-00066164-00066521 able to just click on the Play button in the center
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00208-00066521-00066860 of that film icon there.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00209-00066860-00067334 And then that will open up the recording in a new browser
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00210-00067334-00067884 window and give you the ability to edit the transcript.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00211-00067884-00068309 So the video portion takes center stage with captions just
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00212-00068309-00068438 below the video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00213-00068438-00068669 And the transcript appears popped out
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00214-00068669-00068861 to the right-hand side there.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00215-00068861-00069035 And this slide shows a screenshot
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00216-00069035-00069245 of that cloud recording with the closed captioning
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00217-00069245-00069485 and audio transcript revealed.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00218-00069485-00069878 Now it's possible to edit the audio transcript just
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00219-00069878-00070238 by hovering your mouse over those little text balloons
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00220-00070238-00070508 until a little pencil icon appears.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00221-00070508-00070671 And you can see it here on the slide,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00222-00070671-00071045 I've surrounded it in a red square.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00223-00071045-00071390 And that'll show up in the lower right-hand corner of the text
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00224-00071390-00071513 bubble.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00225-00071513-00071759 And when you click on that little pencil icon,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00226-00071759-00072170 that text bubble turns into an editable text
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00227-00072170-00072821 field, where you're able to make changes to the contents.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00228-00072821-00073127 And once you're satisfied with that, with your changes,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00229-00073127-00073484 you have the option to either select a checkmark
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00230-00073484-00073826 and save your changes, or you can select the X
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00231-00073826-00074090 and reject your changes and go back to the original text that
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00232-00074090-00074261 was already there.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00233-00074261-00074654 Now making changes in this way only changes the transcript,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00234-00074654-00074976 it actually doesn't change the captions.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00235-00074976-00075043 TERRILL THOMPSON
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00236-00075043-00075247 TERRILL THOMPSON: Can I interrupt, Gaby?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00237-00075247-00075434 GABY DE JONGH: Yeah, sure, go ahead, Terrill.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00238-00075434-00075760 TERRILL THOMPSON: We have a teaching moment of our own
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00239-00075760-00075974 here, that we--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00240-00075974-00076216 a few slides ago, you sort of walked everybody
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00241-00076216-00076549 through the process of how to enable captions
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00242-00076549-00076717 within a Zoom meeting.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00243-00076717-00077023 And here in this particular Zoom meeting, I'm host,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00244-00077023-00077399 and I've been following those exact procedures.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00245-00077399-00077746 And when I get to the next slide--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00246-00077746-00077947 fast forward, there we go--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00247-00077947-00078385 I click CC, I see exactly what it's shown here on the slide.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00248-00078385-00078712 And when I click Enable Auto Transcription,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00249-00078712-00079027 I get a message that says, automatic transcription
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00250-00079027-00079243 is now on.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00251-00079243-00079537 But it doesn't actually seem to be on.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00252-00079537-00079823 So that seems to be broken at the moment.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00253-00079823-00080299 And so we're going to do some live troubleshooting.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00254-00080299-00080506 And this will be great for everybody, I think.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00255-00080506-00080714 This is the first time I've ever experienced this.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00256-00080714-00081023 It has always been reliable from my experience.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00257-00081023-00081178 So maybe there's something happening.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00258-00081178-00081415 Or it could be something wrong with my Zoom client.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00259-00081415-00081700 So I'm going to make Anna Marie host.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00260-00081700-00082002 And she is then going to make me cohost,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00261-00082002-00082240 so I don't lose all my privileges--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00262-00082240-00082525 or I only lose them temporarily.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00263-00082525-00082864 But then she can test and see if she can turn on captions.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00264-00082864-00083131 And if she can, then it's a problem with my Zoom client.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00265-00083131-00083778 If not, then it's a problem somewhere further upstream.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00266-00083778-00084190 So anyway, we'll explore that and if captions get enabled,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00267-00084190-00084403 you'll know what the outcome was.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00268-00084403-00084655 And if not, you'll know what the outcome was.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00269-00084655-00084919 And fortunately, nobody-- in registering,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00270-00084919-00085429 nobody said they actually needed captions, so it's not--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00271-00085429-00085723 and this is yet another reason why
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00272-00085723-00086059 it's important to have human captionists if you actually
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00273-00086059-00086347 have somebody who needs captions as an accommodation.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00274-00086347-00086662 Computers don't always behave as you think they will.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00275-00086990-00087095 GABY DE JONGH: OK, great.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00276-00087095-00087307 So we're kind of working on that in the background,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00277-00087307-00087559 it sounds like.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00278-00087559-00087613 OK.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00279-00087613-00088087 So let's go ahead and fast-forward-- oops--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00280-00088087-00088419 I fast-forwarded too far.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00281-00088419-00088815 So let's talk about enabling captions
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00282-00088815-00089125 in Panopto cloud recordings.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00283-00089125-00089337 So this slide shows you how you can
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00284-00089337-00089721 enable your captions in your Panopto cloud recordings.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00285-00089721-00089929 When you're signed into your Panopto account,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00286-00089929-00090210 make sure that you're in the My Folder view.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00287-00090210-00090420 And from here, you'll want to click
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00288-00090420-00090879 on the gear icon that's located in the upper right-hand corner
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00289-00090879-00090951 of the window.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00290-00090951-00091155 And you can see I have a little arrow that's
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00291-00091155-00091473 pointing to that gear.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00292-00091473-00091776 And that will open up an overview window.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00293-00091776-00092157 It'll just give you just fairly basic information.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00294-00092157-00092406 But you'll want to select the Settings
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00295-00092406-00092787 item in the left-hand navigation menu
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00296-00092787-00093027 and this will display more options.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00297-00093027-00093177 And if you scroll down a little bit,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00298-00093177-00093598 you can see that there's an option for captions
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00299-00093598-00093813 that has a dropdown menu.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00300-00093813-00094017 So from the dropdown menu, you want
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00301-00094017-00094410 to select Automatic Machine Captions.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00302-00094410-00094869 And then that will automatically generate captions
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00303-00094869-00095262 when you save your Panopto recordings to the cloud.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00304-00095262-00095481 And just to save from here, all you have to do
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00305-00095481-00095883 is just exit out of this window.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00306-00095883-00096337 So once your Panopto video has completed saving to the cloud,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00307-00096337-00096729 you'll be able to edit the captions within Panopto.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00308-00096729-00097026 You could go back to my My Folder view,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00309-00097026-00097299 and you'll see a list of the videos
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00310-00097299-00097515 that you have saved in the cloud.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00311-00097515-00097830 Just select the video that you'd like to review.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00312-00097830-00098178 And this will result in the video opening up
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00313-00098178-00098589 in a new web page in the Panopto caption editor, which is
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00314-00098589-00098877 what we see here on this slide.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00315-00098877-00099131 Now in the upper right-hand corner,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00316-00099131-00099417 you'll notice there's a pencil icon,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00317-00099417-00099693 and I've placed a red square around that icon
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00318-00099693-00099909 to easily identify it.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00319-00099909-00100086 When you select that icon, it will
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00320-00100086-00100458 allow you to edit the captions in the caption editor.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00321-00100458-00100866 However, you need to perform one more step to make things
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00322-00100866-00101112 a little bit easy on yourself.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00323-00101112-00101409 On the left-hand navigation menu,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00324-00101409-00101652 you need to select Captions.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00325-00101652-00102073 And I've enclosed that in a red box as well.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00326-00102073-00102471 And this will display the captions and the timestamp
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00327-00102471-00102864 that you see showing up to the left of the video preview
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00328-00102864-00102994 window.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00329-00102994-00103320 And from here, you're able to do a variety of things.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00330-00103320-00103780 Most importantly, you can edit the transcripts quite easily.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00331-00103780-00104070 You can also see the waveform which
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00332-00104070-00104351 is below the video portion.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00333-00104351-00104571 So that's the waveform of the audio, which
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00334-00104571-00104802 can make it a little bit easier to line up
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00335-00104802-00105156 the timestamps of the audio.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00336-00105156-00105402 And also, you can see when the slides
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00337-00105402-00105651 are introduced along the waveform
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00338-00105651-00105885 during the presentation.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00339-00105885-00106143 So once you've made your changes and you're
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00340-00106143-00106458 satisfied with the changes that you made,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00341-00106458-00106709 you can go ahead and select the Apply button
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00342-00106709-00106873 at the top of the window.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00343-00106873-00107084 And this will update the transcript
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00344-00107084-00107433 and will be reflected in the captions that appear
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00345-00107433-00107583 when the video is played.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00346-00107868-00107918 All right.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00347-00107918-00108314 Let's talk a little bit about editing captions in YouTube.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00348-00108314-00108575 When you're uploading your videos to YouTube,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00349-00108575-00109014 captions are automatically generated using ASR.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00350-00109014-00109244 So you don't really have to change any of your settings
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00351-00109244-00109448 within YouTube in order for this to happen.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00352-00109448-00109748 It just happens automatically when you upload.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00353-00109748-00110180 And this slide shows a screenshot
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00354-00110180-00110657 of videos that were uploaded to my YouTube account.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00355-00110657-00111182 And at the very bottom is my original video,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00356-00111182-00111350 the original video that I had uploaded
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00357-00111350-00111660 to my YouTube instance.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00358-00111660-00112058 The other item above it, I'll get to that in a bit.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00359-00112058-00112454 But I want to point out there on the right-hand column there,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00360-00112454-00112903 you can see linked text that says Duplicate and Edit.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00361-00112903-00113371 And when you first upload your video, that link will say Add--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00362-00113371-00113915 A-D-D. Now remember in Zoom, it takes a long time for videos
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00363-00113915-00114104 to be saved to the cloud, and it takes
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00364-00114104-00114283 an even longer time for the transcripts
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00365-00114283-00114467 to be saved to the cloud.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00366-00114467-00114804 Well, the same thing is true for YouTube as well.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00367-00114804-00115076 So if you click on the link when it says Add,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00368-00115076-00115439 that will allow you to start typing and create a transcript
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00369-00115439-00115598 from scratch.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00370-00115598-00116150 Or you can just wait until that text has changed to Duplicate
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00371-00116150-00116669 and Edit, and then you'll be able to go ahead and edit
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00372-00116669-00117132 the transcript that was automatically created.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00373-00117132-00117464 So clicking on that Duplicate and Edit link
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00374-00117464-00117752 will open up the video in the caption editor,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00375-00117752-00117986 as we see here on this slide.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00376-00117986-00118160 And there's one modification that you
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00377-00118160-00118539 need to make in order to get it to this particular view
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00378-00118539-00118878 where you can see the transcript and the timestamps.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00379-00118878-00119100 So if you look at the upper middle column here,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00380-00119100-00119413 you're going to see--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00381-00119413-00119877 you'll notice more linked text that says Edit As Text.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00382-00119877-00120258 When you first open up the video in this view,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00383-00120258-00120507 this left one will show a block of text
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00384-00120507-00120792 with no formatting and no timestamps.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00385-00120792-00121041 It's just pure text.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00386-00121041-00121259 And the link in this middle column
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00387-00121259-00121725 will say Assign Timings instead of Edit As Text.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00388-00121725-00122367 When you click on that linked text that says Assign Timings,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00389-00122367-00122589 then it changes to this view where
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00390-00122589-00122823 you can see text bubbles and the start
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00391-00122823-00123039 and stop times of when the text will
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00392-00123039-00123158 be presented on the screen.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00393-00123519-00123616 Excuse me.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00394-00123616-00124005 And in the window just below the video,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00395-00124005-00124361 again, you're able to see the waveforms of the audio.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00396-00124361-00124859 And just above those audio waveforms are blocks of text.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00397-00124859-00125148 And you can click on these blocks of text
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00398-00125148-00125568 and slide the blocks just slightly left or right
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00399-00125568-00125783 to move the timings ever so slightly,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00400-00125783-00126059 and it's really easy to do.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00401-00126059-00126436 So makes editing a lot, lot easier.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00402-00126436-00126603 So when you're working on your captions,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00403-00126603-00126990 you want to make sure that you save your draft,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00404-00126990-00127227 as this will allow you to come back and work
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00405-00127227-00127507 on the video at another time.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00406-00127507-00127728 And when you do that, this working draft
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00407-00127728-00128106 appears in your video list as a duplicate of the original video
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00408-00128106-00128422 that we saw in the previous slide.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00409-00128422-00128652 So when you're satisfied with your changes,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00410-00128652-00128858 you can select the Publish button.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00411-00128858-00129246 And that will update the changes and issue them immediately.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00412-00129523-00129930 So what do you do when the automated captions
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00413-00129930-00130125 are too bad to be edited?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00414-00130125-00130294 Which can happen sometimes.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00415-00130294-00130569 Our accessible technology services
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00416-00130569-00130953 will caption a limited number of UW video presentations
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00417-00130953-00131325 without charge through a captioning service supported
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00418-00131325-00131463 by UW-IT.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00419-00131463-00131670 And folks are encouraged to apply
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00420-00131670-00131925 for funding to caption highly visible,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00421-00131925-00132366 high-impact, multiple use, strategic videos that
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00422-00132366-00132622 are used several times in a course
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00423-00132622-00132885 or have a lot of very important information.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00424-00132885-00133149 And I've included a link for this service
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00425-00133149-00133497 at the end of this presentation on the resources slide
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00426-00133497-00133805 in case you want to learn more about that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00427-00133805-00134057 For other videos, you might want to consider using the state
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00428-00134057-00134278 contract with 3Play Media.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00429-00134278-00134462 University of Washington has a contract
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00430-00134462-00134793 with 3Play Media for captioning services.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00431-00134793-00135099 It provides integration with YouTube, Panopto,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00432-00135099-00135255 and other platforms as well.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00433-00135255-00135497 And I have included a link for that on our resource slide,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00434-00135497-00135547 too.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00435-00135788-00136169 So this slide shows the different caption file
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00436-00136169-00136565 options offered by 3Play Media.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00437-00136565-00137219 DFXP, SMIL, SRT, WebVTT, these are all standard file types
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00438-00137219-00137468 used by popular media players.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00439-00137468-00137834 However, the format for each one of these file types
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00440-00137834-00138036 is going to be slightly different.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00441-00138036-00138281 So the takeaway from this slide is
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00442-00138281-00138560 that it's important to know which file format
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00443-00138560-00138818 your video player supports, as that's
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00444-00138818-00139041 going to determine the type of file that you choose.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00445-00139295-00139472 And this slide shows us the format
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00446-00139472-00139691 of a WebVTT captioned file.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00447-00139691-00140036 You can see it's just plain text with a timestamp associated
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00448-00140036-00140322 with when the text will appear on screen.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00449-00140322-00140784 It's got a couple of dashes there and a bracket.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00450-00140784-00141017 And you can edit these files just using
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00451-00141017-00141344 a really simple plain text editor, such as Notepad.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00452-00141344-00141584 You don't really need a fancy caption editor
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00453-00141584-00141770 to adjust the captions, but it certainly
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00454-00141770-00142139 makes things a lot easier.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00455-00142139-00142595 Caution, though, if you are editing these types of files
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00456-00142595-00143003 in something like Notepad, it's very easy
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00457-00143003-00143357 to make simple mistakes such as entering a wrong number,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00458-00143357-00143828 or having an additional space, or using a semicolon instead
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00459-00143828-00143927 of a period.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00460-00143927-00144539 And that can really compromise your captions.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00461-00144539-00144762 So you want to be very careful about that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00462-00144762-00145118 So there are other caption editors available
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00463-00145118-00145259 that are free.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00464-00145259-00145733 Amara is one of them, Dotsub, and Subtitle Horse another one.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00465-00146011-00146314 So which videos have the highest priority when
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00466-00146314-00146515 you're considering captions?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00467-00146515-00146812 Well, certainly, the videos that are required
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00468-00146812-00147205 viewing for individuals who need an accommodation
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00469-00147205-00147502 would be high priority for captioning.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00470-00147502-00147907 But also videos that are likely to be required
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00471-00147907-00148285 viewing for individuals who need an accommodation
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00472-00148285-00148493 should also be considered.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00473-00148493-00148936 So you're thinking ahead about what the needs may be.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00474-00148936-00149272 Other videos to consider include ones
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00475-00149272-00149626 that are popular and viewed a lot, videos
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00476-00149626-00149824 that are relatively new--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00477-00149824-00150115 and captioning should be part of the workflow--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00478-00150115-00150489 and videos that provide critical content.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00479-00150489-00150894 So how do you prioritize your videos for captioning?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00480-00150894-00151104 I'm actually going to hand it over to Terrill,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00481-00151104-00151368 and he is going to talk more about that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00482-00151663-00151793 TERRILL THOMPSON: Thanks, Gaby.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00483-00151793-00152156 Let me share my screen.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00484-00152156-00152462 I think actually I'm going to share my entire desktop
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00485-00152462-00152942 because I've got a browser window to share as well
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00486-00152942-00153300 as PowerPoints.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00487-00153300-00153839 So in the browser window, this is a tool
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00488-00153839-00154230 that we created called a YouTube Caption Auditor--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00489-00154230-00154607 YTCA-- or that's the tool behind this website.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00490-00154607-00155063 And there are 88 known YouTube channels
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00491-00155063-00155277 at the University of Washington.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00492-00155277-00155525 I think there are probably others
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00493-00155525-00155681 that we don't know about.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00494-00155681-00156275 And we're able to use this tool to engage with the YouTube Data
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00495-00156275-00156415 API.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00496-00156415-00156817 And then that returns all sorts of data about the videos
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00497-00156817-00157031 on the known channels.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00498-00157031-00157265 So all have to do is feed it a channel ID,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00499-00157265-00157518 and then it gives us a bunch of data.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00500-00157518-00157928 And so that's enabled us to create this table that
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00501-00157928-00158441 sort of compares YouTube channels on how many videos
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00502-00158441-00158650 they have and how much captioning
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00503-00158650-00158859 they're doing of those videos, among other things.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00504-00158859-00159344 There's a lot of data here about traffic and so forth.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00505-00159344-00159760 The red channels are the channels you don't want to be.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00506-00159760-00159977 Those are the ones that haven't done any captioning.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00507-00159977-00160403 The green channels have captioned 50% or more
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00508-00160403-00160499 of their videos.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00509-00160499-00160742 And the white channels are somewhere in between.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00510-00160742-00161087 So you want to be a green channel.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00511-00161087-00161282 And as we see down at the bottom,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00512-00161282-00161936 overall performance 29 of the channels-- the 33%--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00513-00161936-00162047 are green channels.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00514-00162047-00162308 Those are the ones that are doing well.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00515-00162308-00162608 And only five channels have not yet started.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00516-00162608-00162785 So that actually is pretty good.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00517-00162785-00162989 And the overall--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00518-00162989-00163379 43.2%, that's the overall percentage
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00519-00163379-00163718 of videos out of all 88 channels.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00520-00163718-00164276 Out of 10,000 videos, 43.2% of those have been captioned.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00521-00164276-00164561 And since we actually started tracking this just a few years
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00522-00164561-00164872 ago, we started at 7%.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00523-00164872-00165194 So this is growing, and it's wonderful.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00524-00165194-00165344 We're glad to see it's growing.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00525-00165344-00165425 But we still have--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00526-00165425-00165855 43.2% could obviously be better.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00527-00165855-00166454 So this is behind a UW net ID and it's only accessible to--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00528-00166454-00166779 and specific individuals have been granted access.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00529-00166779-00167078 But if you are a person who owns a YouTube channel
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00530-00167078-00167393 or has some influence over your departmental YouTube channel,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00531-00167393-00167660 then just let me know.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00532-00167660-00168291 TFT is UW NetID and my email, and I can grant you access.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00533-00168291-00168446 The other thing-- in addition to sort
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00534-00168446-00168830 of comparing where you are relative to other YouTube
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00535-00168830-00169355 channels, you can look at details about your channel.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00536-00169355-00169664 I'm going to pick on the Center for Sensorimotor Neural
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00537-00169664-00170012 Engineering, because they're actually doing pretty good.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00538-00170012-00170364 But you get kind of a summary overview at the top.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00539-00170364-00170699 But then what is really helpful for prioritization
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00540-00170699-00170860 is you see all your videos.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00541-00170860-00171191 So they have 22 videos, and you can sort this table
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00542-00171191-00171357 by any of the columns.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00543-00171357-00171635 So by default, it's sorted by--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00544-00171635-00171770 alphabetically.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00545-00171770-00172166 But a good way to prioritize might be views.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00546-00172166-00172641 And so if you click on Views, and look at the largest--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00547-00172641-00172904 the most views first, we see that there's a video
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00548-00172904-00173156 called "What is Neural Engineering?"
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00549-00173156-00173376 That is by far their most popular,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00550-00173376-00173600 it's got over 6,000 views.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00551-00173600-00173843 And it actually hasn't been captioned.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00552-00173843-00174059 So it's an older video, so we might
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00553-00174059-00174563 want to consider date and views together as we're prioritizing.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00554-00174563-00174758 But certainly, a video--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00555-00174758-00175022 their most popular video, even if it's older,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00556-00175022-00175118 should be captioned.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00557-00175118-00175436 And so that would be probably their top priority, the one
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00558-00175436-00175586 that they should focus on.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00559-00175586-00175934 As we look then down through the list sorted by views,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00560-00175934-00176129 we see that there are just a couple
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00561-00176129-00176378 of others within the list.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00562-00176378-00176540 Actually, this is the entire list.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00563-00176540-00176990 So only three videos total that haven't been captioned.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00564-00176990-00177308 And so-- so that would be really easy to just knock those
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00565-00177308-00177395 three out.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00566-00177395-00177758 But certainly, starting with the one that gets the most views.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00567-00177758-00178073 And then-- if you could have more videos than 22, and more
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00568-00178073-00178331 to caption, and you need to sort of prioritize,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00569-00178331-00178919 then I would suggest some combination of views and date
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00570-00178919-00179033 using this tool.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00571-00179033-00179492 But once again, just let me know if you want access to this,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00572-00179492-00179747 and I'll be happy to provide that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00573-00179747-00179909 And feel free to spread the word, too.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00574-00179909-00180327 This could be a really useful tool for prioritizing.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00575-00180327-00180743 So I want to talk about audio description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00576-00180743-00180885 And actually, maybe I should pause
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00577-00180885-00181398 before we do that because this is a quite a break and topics--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00578-00181398-00181752 very different sort of topic than captioning.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00579-00181752-00182100 Are their questions for Gaby about captioning before we
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00580-00182100-00182280 proceed with audio description?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00581-00182602-00182890 Feel free to either type the question in chat,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00582-00182890-00183355 or if you just have-- if you just want to unmute and ask,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00583-00183355-00183642 I think we're a small enough group we could do that, too.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00584-00183642-00183797 GABY DE JONGH: Terrill, I just wanted
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00585-00183797-00184698 to point out that Sarah Wood said in chat that captioning
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00586-00184698-00185406 is not available for Zoom for the School of Medicine
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00587-00185406-00186241 due to HIPAA concerns, so I just wanted to point that out.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00588-00186241-00186511 TERRILL THOMPSON: That's good to know, yeah.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00589-00186511-00186733 And also, I think you mentioned--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00590-00186733-00186871 but in case you didn't--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00591-00186871-00187080 also not available in breakout rooms, right?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00592-00187080-00187168 GABY DE JONGH: Right.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00593-00187609-00187707 TERRILL THOMPSON: OK.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00594-00187707-00187936 Sounds like no other questions about captions?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00595-00188253-00188303 OK.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00596-00188303-00188879 So if we consider these sort of siblings, you've got captions
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00597-00188879-00189116 and you've got audio description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00598-00189116-00189506 Captions, although they benefit a lot of people,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00599-00189506-00190025 you have one group in terms of accessibility and disability.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00600-00190025-00190310 People who are deaf or hard of hearing need
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00601-00190310-00190839 captions because they can't hear the audio.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00602-00190839-00191344 Audio description is for people that can't see the video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00603-00191344-00191577 So it's two different groups--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00604-00191577-00191704 two different user groups--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00605-00191704-00192145 and two different features that benefit those groups.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00606-00192145-00192540 So when somebody can't see the video, then often,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00607-00192540-00192975 they can understand the video just by listening to its audio.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00608-00192975-00193251 But the question is, is there anything
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00609-00193251-00193828 in this video that you have that is not understandable
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00610-00193828-00194044 because it's visual only?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00611-00194044-00194370 So when you've got visual-only information,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00612-00194370-00194649 then that information somehow needs
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00613-00194649-00195003 to be conveyed to people that can't see it.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00614-00195003-00195282 And that, primarily, we're talking about people are blind,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00615-00195282-00195477 maybe people who are low vision.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00616-00195477-00195712 But it could also be somebody who's
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00617-00195712-00195912 sort of watching the video, but they're actually
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00618-00195912-00196012 doing other things.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00619-00196012-00196341 So this happens often where you've
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00620-00196341-00196614 got a video that you're trying to catch up
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00621-00196614-00196887 on, trying to learn from, whatever,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00622-00196887-00197047 but you also have work to do.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00623-00197047-00197295 And so the video is sort of peripheral,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00624-00197295-00197781 maybe even on a side monitor, maybe even in another room,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00625-00197781-00198199 and you need to be able to access that content.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00626-00198199-00198726 So audio description is one of the terms by which this feature
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00627-00198726-00198996 is known, but sometimes it goes by other things,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00628-00198996-00199290 like descriptive video, or description,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00629-00199290-00199548 or video description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00630-00199548-00199716 So that can be a little bit confusing,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00631-00199716-00200005 but probably if it has the word description in it,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00632-00200005-00200172 then we're talking about the same thing.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00633-00200172-00200553 It basically is a separate narration track that verbally
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00634-00200553-00200877 describes key visual content.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00635-00200877-00201054 There's another phrase here on the slide
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00636-00201054-00201250 that we're going to talk quite a bit about--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00637-00201250-00201396 and so this is important-- and that
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00638-00201396-00201721 is extended audio description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00639-00201721-00202077 And that is-- the way audio the description works is
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00640-00202077-00202419 you've got a video, and you have something
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00641-00202419-00202851 that needs to be described because otherwise the video has
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00642-00202851-00203199 some inaccessible content to people that can't see it.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00643-00203199-00203551 And so that description needs to be inserted into the video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00644-00203551-00203706 And there are different ways of doing
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00645-00203706-00203878 that, which we'll talk about.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00646-00203878-00204309 But some videos have so much spoken audio
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00647-00204309-00204798 that there's really no place for the description to be inserted.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00648-00204798-00205008 And so what needs to happen then is
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00649-00205008-00205683 the video needs to pause while the description happens.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00650-00205683-00206055 And then it needs to resume after the description is over.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00651-00206055-00206490 So that process of having extended audio description
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00652-00206490-00206713 is when you pause the video in order
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00653-00206713-00207144 to describe something and then resume playback.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00654-00207144-00207408 And there are different ways of doing that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00655-00207408-00207638 So what we're going to talk about during this segment
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00656-00207638-00207973 is once again prioritizing determining
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00657-00207973-00208246 which videos are most in need of audio description
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00658-00208246-00208573 because they aren't all the same.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00659-00208573-00208873 Some require audio description more than others.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00660-00208873-00209144 And then we're going to talk about how to actually do this.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00661-00209144-00209378 We're going to present three, maybe four, depending
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00662-00209378-00209567 on how you count them, approaches
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00663-00209567-00210014 to audio description, and also avoiding the need altogether
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00664-00210014-00210273 for audio description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00665-00210273-00210542 So on prioritization, it basically
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00666-00210542-00210791 is the same as captioning.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00667-00210791-00211041 You look at your views.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00668-00211041-00211338 You look at the publication date, the same.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00669-00211338-00211512 You could use YTCA--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00670-00211512-00211761 although, YTCA reports from YouTube
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00671-00211761-00211926 on whether a video is captioned or not,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00672-00211926-00212171 so you get that yes/no field.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00673-00212171-00212498 It doesn't know which videos have been audio described.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00674-00212498-00212867 So it can't help with that, but it can help with prioritization
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00675-00212867-00213231 because you can see which videos have the most traffic
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00676-00213231-00213435 and their publication date.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00677-00213435-00213738 And you can use that table and then
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00678-00213738-00213997 click on the name of the video, and that actually
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00679-00213997-00214110 opens the video in YouTube.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00680-00214110-00214421 So you can then watch the video and see if this
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00681-00214421-00214702 needs description or not.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00682-00214702-00215067 The other item here in prioritization on this slide
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00683-00215067-00215239 is audience demographics.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00684-00215239-00215734 If you know that there are people with disabilities
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00685-00215734-00216076 or people who particularly would need audio description
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00686-00216076-00216385 in your audience, then that would
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00687-00216385-00216613 be something where you certainly would
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00688-00216613-00217102 want to focus on getting those videos described.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00689-00217102-00217398 Beyond that, basically the idea is
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00690-00217398-00217582 watch the video with your eyes closed,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00691-00217582-00217855 or just imagine, if somebody is watching this
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00692-00217855-00218300 and they can't see the visuals, then what are they missing?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00693-00218300-00218581 What are the important details?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00694-00218581-00218857 And I'd like to just sort of break it down
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00695-00218857-00219121 into three priority levels.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00696-00219121-00219364 A high priority need for description
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00697-00219364-00219940 is when nothing makes sense with audio alone.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00698-00219940-00220300 Medium priority is if the video is generally understandable
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00699-00220300-00220612 just listening to the audio, but there are some critical details
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00700-00220612-00220773 that are lost.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00701-00220773-00221254 And a low priority is when some information is lost,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00702-00221254-00221496 but it's probably not critical information
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00703-00221496-00221798 in the great scheme of things.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00704-00221798-00222152 So I've got a few videos that I wanted to show.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00705-00222152-00222719 And we can just think about which of those three priorities
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00706-00222719-00222952 is this particular video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00707-00222952-00223410 So let's start with, "Together We Will."
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00708-00223410-00223750 I think that's here.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00709-00223750-00224109 So this is on the UW's channel.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00710-00224109-00224280 So let's just watch a little bit of this.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00711-00224691-00224771 Oh and I apologize.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00712-00224771-00224996 I forgot to turn on my audio.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00713-00224996-00225123 So I'm going to do that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00714-00225123-00225332 I'm going to stop share.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00715-00225332-00225621 I'm going to share again, but I'm
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00716-00225621-00226015 going to share sound this time so you actually will
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00717-00226015-00226205 hear what's in my headphones.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00718-00226481-00226548 [VIDEO PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00719-00226548-00226842 [MUSIC PLAYING]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00720-00228404-00228463 [END PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00721-00228463-00228784 So I think the answer is obvious here.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00722-00228784-00229173 Those of you who are able to see this video get a lot more out
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00723-00229173-00229611 of it than those that don't, those that can't see it.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00724-00229611-00229762 This is just a music video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00725-00229762-00230142 It's some very nice music, but not--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00726-00230142-00230473 no message here other than there's some music.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00727-00230473-00230971 So this is a high need for audio description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00728-00230971-00231214 Let's look at-- this is actually a similar video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00729-00231214-00231582 This is the Best of UW 2016.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00730-00231582-00231730 This is on the president's blog.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00731-00231730-00231797 [VIDEO PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00732-00231797-00232103 [MUSIC PLAYING]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00733-00233769-00233828 [END PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00734-00233828-00234053 So we could go on and on with that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00735-00234053-00234455 Obviously, the same as the "Together We Will" video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00736-00234455-00234917 It's all music, there's actually no spoken content,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00737-00234917-00235211 or nothing that's narrated, nothing that's verbalized.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00738-00235211-00235616 It's just on-screen either images or on-screen text.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00739-00235616-00235871 Both of these videos had on-screen text.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00740-00235871-00236271 But that's not accessible to somebody that can't see it.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00741-00236271-00236590 But this video is different than the other
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00742-00236590-00237007 in that there actually is this link underneath it.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00743-00237007-00237410 So this video is also available with audio description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00744-00237410-00237778 So you can follow that link, and that
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00745-00237778-00238390 takes you to YouTube and watch then the same video,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00746-00238390-00238674 but this is the audio described version.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00747-00238674-00238741 [VIDEO PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00748-00238741-00238804 [MUSIC PLAYING]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00749-00238804-00238885 - Words appear.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00750-00238885-00239167 #BestofUW21016.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00751-00239167-00239476 The Nobel Medal next to David J. Thouless.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00752-00239476-00239887 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics with President Obama.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00753-00239887-00240192 Marie-Claire King, National Medal of Science.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00754-00240192-00240553 UW and Microsoft break record for DNA data storage.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00755-00240553-00240688 A collage of photos.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00756-00240688-00241103 Inaugural Husky 100.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00757-00241103-00241367 Inaugural parents and family weekend.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00758-00241367-00241426 [END PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00759-00241426-00241609 TERRILL THOMPSON: So obviously, this version
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00760-00241609-00242083 is much more accessible than the one that
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00761-00242083-00242228 has no audio description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00762-00242228-00242557 So you can see how audio description is important.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00763-00242557-00242956 Also, as you listen to that, notice
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00764-00242956-00243267 sort of the quality of the audio description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00765-00243267-00243481 That this is a voiceover talent.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00766-00243481-00243814 It's an actor reading the text--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00767-00243814-00243985 reading the script that's actually-- it's
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00768-00243985-00244092 mostly on-screen text.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00769-00244092-00244340 But there are a few other details,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00770-00244340-00244546 like President Obama appeared in a scene
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00771-00244546-00245161 and the voice actually says, President Obama,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00772-00245161-00245482 whereas there is no on-screen text that says that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00773-00245482-00245929 But also, just that that human narration, the quality of that
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00774-00245929-00246331 as it sort of fits with the music
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00775-00246331-00246598 can be important in some contexts.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00776-00246598-00247165 But depending on how important that is,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00777-00247165-00247523 there are other ways to do audio description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00778-00247523-00247717 It doesn't have to be human narration.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00779-00247717-00247882 So we're going to talk about that as we
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00780-00247882-00248236 get into the how-to section.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00781-00248236-00248392 Let's look at another example.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00782-00248392-00248782 This is "IT Accessibility, What Campus Leaders Have to Say."
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00783-00248782-00249001 This is a video that we put together a few years.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00784-00249001-00249265 Ago, obviously it was when Michael K. Young was still
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00785-00249265-00249460 president of the University.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00786-00249460-00249685 But let's watch a little bit of this--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00787-00249685-00250119 again, ask that same question, is this accessible to somebody
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00788-00250119-00250330 that can't see it?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00789-00250330-00250702 Or are there some important missing details?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00790-00250702-00250769 [VIDEO PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00791-00250769-00250988 - We are committed to the notion that everyone
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00792-00250988-00251242 should have an opportunity to participate in higher
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00793-00251242-00251444 education, whether it be from the learning
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00794-00251444-00251732 perspective, or the research perspective, or an opportunity
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00795-00251732-00252002 to work here at this institution.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00796-00252002-00252206 We benefit from that because we get
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00797-00252206-00252575 to enjoy the talents and the skills of those people
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00798-00252575-00252830 who come in, and also their perspective, which
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00799-00252830-00253094 in many cases will be different from the perspective of others
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00800-00253094-00253209 on campus.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00801-00253209-00253267 [END PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00802-00253267-00253641 TERRILL THOMPSON: So what do you think?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00803-00253641-00253892 Feel free to just shout out an answer.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00804-00253892-00254155 Is this a high-priority need, a medium priority,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00805-00254155-00254230 or a low priority?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00806-00254646-00254721 And why?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00807-00255425-00255533 Any volunteers?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00808-00256853-00256903 OK.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00809-00256903-00257023 I'll just tell you.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00810-00257023-00257465 This, I would say, is a medium priority.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00811-00257465-00257701 You can hear what the person is saying,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00812-00257701-00258038 but it is just a person.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00813-00258038-00258529 And so why should we care whether this person thinks
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00814-00258529-00258761 IT accessibility is important?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00815-00258761-00259060 It really is significant that this
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00816-00259060-00259279 is Michael K. Young, president of the University
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00817-00259279-00259384 of Washington.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00818-00259384-00259623 And actually throughout this, the entire video
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00819-00259623-00260107 is a montage of presidents, and CIOs,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00820-00260107-00260440 and high-level people at universities
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00821-00260440-00260592 around the country.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00822-00260592-00260692 And you don't know that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00823-00260692-00260857 You don't know who any of these people
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00824-00260857-00261186 are as they're talking about IT accessibility.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00825-00261186-00261538 Visually, you see an on-screen graphic that identifies them,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00826-00261538-00261771 but that information is missing.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00827-00261771-00262036 So this is critical information.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00828-00262036-00262612 And it actually-- because it is so isolated--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00829-00262612-00262775 just a little bit of information here,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00830-00262775-00262924 a little bit of information there--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00831-00262924-00263113 it actually could be a different technique.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00832-00263113-00263425 You don't necessarily need a human narrator to do that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00833-00263425-00263694 There are other ways to do that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00834-00263694-00263824 Let's watch one more example.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00835-00263824-00263994 This is another video that we produced
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00836-00263994-00264378 called "Teamwork, Making IT Accessible at the University
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00837-00264378-00264597 of Washington and Statewide."
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00838-00265072-00265139 [VIDEO PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00839-00265139-00265343 - My name is Sheryl Burgstahler, and I
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00840-00265343-00265538 direct Accessible Technology Services
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00841-00265538-00265718 at the University of Washington.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00842-00265718-00265964 And through our Access Technology Center
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00843-00265964-00266057 and other services--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00844-00266057-00266206 TERRILL THOMPSON: I'm going to use our transcript
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00845-00266206-00266288 to jump it ahead--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00846-00266288-00266427 - --that the IT that we develop--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00847-00266427-00266619 TERRILL THOMPSON: Till the next person speaks.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00848-00266619-00266996 - --procure and use at the University of Washington is
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00849-00266996-00267134 accessible to--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00850-00267134-00267452 - Either ourselves for our websites or with vendors
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00851-00267452-00267684 if it's a commercial product.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00852-00267684-00267890 - My name is Patrick Pow, I'm from University
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00853-00267890-00268127 of Washington, Tacoma.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00854-00268127-00268457 My responsibility is technology.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00855-00268457-00268832 I'm the vice chancellor for information technology.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00856-00268832-00268913 When I look--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00857-00268913-00268972 [END PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00858-00268972-00269197 TERRILL THOMPSON: So this is a case where
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00859-00269197-00269365 this is really a low priority.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00860-00269365-00269683 And actually even lower than low, it's a no priority.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00861-00269683-00270022 We have avoided the need for audio description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00862-00270022-00270172 Otherwise, the only thing that would
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00863-00270172-00270472 have needed to be described is that on-screen text
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00864-00270472-00270757 that identifies who the person is who's speaking.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00865-00270757-00271003 But everybody who speaks in this video
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00866-00271003-00271360 introduces themselves, and includes not just their name,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00867-00271360-00271666 but their title and affiliation.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00868-00271666-00271971 So everything in this video is accessible.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00869-00271971-00272491 So there's no need at all for audio description in this case.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00870-00272491-00272919 So obviously some videos [INAUDIBLE]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00871-00272919-00273378 than others for getting description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00872-00273378-00273524 Now how do you do this?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00873-00273524-00273911 What sort of methods are there for getting video described?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00874-00273911-00274235 One, you could hire a traditional description service
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00875-00274235-00274302 provider.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00876-00274302-00274562 So that's what we heard with the "Best
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00877-00274562-00274964 of UW," that's human narration.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00878-00274964-00275237 Two, you can hire a captioning vendor--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00879-00275237-00275443 Gaby talked about 3Play Media that we have
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00880-00275443-00275700 a captioning contract with.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00881-00275700-00276128 They also do audio description as an add-on service,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00882-00276128-00276365 so that's an option.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00883-00276365-00276731 Three, you can do it yourself using a timed text file.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00884-00276731-00277226 Gaby also talked about the WebVTT file format.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00885-00277226-00277622 That can be used not just for captions, but also
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00886-00277622-00277841 for descriptions.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00887-00277841-00278132 And four-- this is the maybe--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00888-00278132-00278337 have students do it.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00889-00278337-00278648 And I'll talk about what I mean by that in a bit.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00890-00278648-00279031 So first of all, hire a traditional description
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00891-00279031-00279154 provider.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00892-00279154-00279478 There are some links here, and the slides
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00893-00279478-00279646 are going to be available afterwards,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00894-00279646-00279811 along with the recording.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00895-00279811-00280117 And so you'll be able to access these links directly.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00896-00280117-00280639 But on the accessible technology video accessibility page,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00897-00280639-00280975 there is a link to the American Council
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00898-00280975-00281266 of the Blind's directory of audio description service
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00899-00281266-00281353 providers.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00900-00281353-00281653 And there are nearly 100 companies now
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00901-00281653-00281926 that are in this business.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00902-00281926-00282313 But they vary in terms of the scope of the services
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00903-00282313-00282370 they provide.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00904-00282370-00282622 Some are just for live description,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00905-00282622-00282961 where they describe live sort of theatrical events,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00906-00282961-00283144 that sort of thing.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00907-00283144-00283678 Some are only focused on really big production, Hollywood type
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00908-00283678-00284017 stuff, adding description there.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00909-00284017-00284431 And so we kind of narrowed the scope of that directory
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00910-00284431-00284785 and we surveyed the companies that seem to fit.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00911-00284785-00285076 And what we came up with in the end
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00912-00285076-00285571 were seven providers that seemed to be just to sort of fit
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00913-00285571-00286120 the higher education need and that can do description
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00914-00286120-00286241 in a timely fashion--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00915-00286241-00286535 just very small jobs, comparatively--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00916-00286535-00286720 at an affordable cost.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00917-00286720-00287012 And so seven choices there.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00918-00287012-00287416 And those are all linked on the Making Video Accessible page.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00919-00287416-00287806 The traditional providers do use professional voiceover talent.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00920-00287806-00288262 So they script the description, then they read the script.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00921-00288262-00288493 And then they professionally mix it
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00922-00288493-00288889 so that you've got description content that is balanced really
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00923-00288889-00289121 nicely with the program audio.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00924-00289121-00289307 So they may duck the program audio
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00925-00289307-00289507 a little bit while the description is happening,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00926-00289507-00289672 and then bring it back up again.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00927-00289672-00290023 And it all flows really nicely together.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00928-00290023-00290296 The typical deliverable, at least for us,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00929-00290296-00290551 is an audio described version of the video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00930-00290551-00290755 So like with the president's blog,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00931-00290755-00291286 there's the nondescribed version that's embedded on the blog.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00932-00291286-00291604 But then there's a link to the described version
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00933-00291604-00292012 that is a separate video that has description mixed.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00934-00292012-00292273 So that's typically the way this is delivered.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00935-00292273-00292732 And the typical price range is $10 to $15
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00936-00292732-00292912 per video minute or so.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00937-00292912-00293303 And that varies between those seven providers,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00938-00293303-00293512 but the prices are coming down quite a bit largely
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00939-00293512-00293716 because 3Play has entered this market
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00940-00293716-00293972 and driven the price down, I think.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00941-00293972-00294247 Now the price also varies depending on complexity,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00942-00294247-00294511 and extended audio description-- if they
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00943-00294511-00294838 have to pause the video while they're describing-- then
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00944-00294838-00295170 that tends to have a higher cost associated with it.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00945-00295431-00295833 And just this example again, with-- or the video-- wherever
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00946-00295833-00296088 the video, the original video occurs,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00947-00296088-00296355 there should be a link then to the audio described version.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00948-00296355-00296697 That's the simplest way to deliver this.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00949-00296697-00296997 Although, the link to the audio described
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00950-00296997-00297288 version should actually be above the video, rather than below it
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00951-00297288-00297501 because by now, the person has already
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00952-00297501-00297813 labored through watching the original video
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00953-00297813-00298059 and discovering that it's not accessible.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00954-00298059-00298242 And then they continue on on the page
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00955-00298242-00298632 and find that there actually was an audio described version
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00956-00298632-00298752 all along.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00957-00298752-00298907 That can be a frustrating experience.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00958-00298907-00299286 So put it above the video instead of below.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00959-00299286-00299547 Approach number two is to hire captioning vendors.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00960-00299547-00299840 So again, 3Play Media, Automatic Sync,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00961-00299840-00300041 who also does the same kind of captioning
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00962-00300041-00300572 work that 3Play does, they both do audio description now.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00963-00300572-00300836 The cost is slightly less.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00964-00300836-00301367 3Play Media charges $7.50 a minute for standard,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00965-00301367-00301715 $11 per minute if extended is needed.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00966-00301715-00302225 And then the price goes up if you have expedited requests.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00967-00302225-00302531 The one gotcha-- well there are a few things
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00968-00302531-00302675 that separate what they do.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00969-00302675-00303152 One is that captioning is required, even if the video is
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00970-00303152-00303326 already captioned.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00971-00303326-00303720 So that seems to me to be kind of an inefficiency.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00972-00303720-00304007 I don't need captions, I just need audio descriptions.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00973-00304007-00304499 The captioning is very tightly wedded
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00974-00304499-00304685 as part of their process, so they
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00975-00304685-00305099 depend on the timing of captions in order
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00976-00305099-00305369 to figure out programmatically where
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00977-00305369-00305555 they can inject description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00978-00305555-00305876 And so that just-- they've got a really efficient description
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00979-00305876-00306305 process that is built around captioning, since what they
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00980-00306305-00306500 did originally was captioning.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00981-00306500-00306830 So I've talked to them about separating those and just
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00982-00306830-00307154 offering audio description as a separate service,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00983-00307154-00307352 but at this point they're not able to do that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00984-00307352-00307565 So you actually-- that actually drives the price up
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00985-00307565-00307994 a little bit because you do also have to pay for captioning,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00986-00307994-00308217 even if you don't need it.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00987-00308217-00308495 The output also uses synthesized speech.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00988-00308495-00308771 So you're saving on cost a little bit
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00989-00308771-00309215 because they don't have human narrators who are
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00990-00309215-00309489 having to get paid to do this.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00991-00309489-00310064 So whether synthesized speech is satisfactory to users,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00992-00310064-00310402 there actually has been quite a bit of research on that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00993-00310402-00310877 And the answer, it turns out is, depends on the context.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00994-00310877-00311201 That users are OK with the synthesized speech,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00995-00311201-00311469 particularly in academic content.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00996-00311469-00311796 But if it's a dramatic work, they're
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00997-00311796-00312066 happy with any description they can get because there's not
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00998-00312066-00312312 that much of it out there.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-00999-00312312-00312501 but they really prefer human narration
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01000-00312501-00312759 if it's a dramatic work, because a synthesized voice
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01001-00312759-00313053 kind of gets in the way and distracts them
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01002-00313053-00313312 from the production.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01003-00313312-00313557 So the deliverable-- now there are lots of choices,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01004-00313557-00313932 but it can be the same, just an audio described version
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01005-00313932-00314547 with that synthesized voice mixed in to the video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01006-00314547-00314730 I'm getting a little low on time,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01007-00314730-00314976 so I'm going to kind of hurry through some of these slides.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01008-00314976-00315207 But I just have some slides showing
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01009-00315207-00315462 what this looks like on the 3Play Media website, where
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01010-00315462-00315858 you can choose whether you want to extended or standard,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01011-00315858-00316209 and what your timeframe is and.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01012-00316209-00316552 Then it has the costs associated with that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01013-00316552-00316779 And then you've got-- because it's synthesized speech,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01014-00316779-00317205 you have lots of choices in terms of the voices
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01015-00317205-00317346 that you use.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01016-00317346-00317637 And I can-- if anybody ends up using
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01017-00317637-00317949 3Play Media for their audio description,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01018-00317949-00318258 then talk to me about this because we actually
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01019-00318258-00318705 have some research to support what the best choices are
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01020-00318705-00318909 when it comes to a synthesized voice.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01021-00318909-00319292 And that, too, depends on your content.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01022-00319292-00319530 And then there are lots of choices for output.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01023-00319530-00319886 But again, the best approach-- the best output which
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01024-00319886-00320246 just works everywhere is to have just
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01025-00320246-00320705 a separate described video, and to link to both versions
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01026-00320705-00321034 from the other version.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01027-00321034-00321397 Approach number 3 is a WebVTT file--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01028-00321397-00321568 same file again.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01029-00321568-00321907 This looks like the slide that Gaby had up earlier that
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01030-00321907-00322123 had some caption text.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01031-00322123-00322576 But instead of caption text, you have description text.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01032-00322576-00323125 And the way this works is the browser reads that content
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01033-00323125-00323357 and provides the audio description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01034-00323357-00323518 So I want to--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01035-00323518-00323668 maybe get out of my slides here.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01036-00323668-00324386 I want to go back to this video which actually does have
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01037-00324386-00324683 a WebVTT-based description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01038-00324683-00325169 I have to turn it on with the D button on the media player.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01039-00325169-00325727 And then I'll restart and you'll hear the description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01040-00325727-00326219 This also has extended the description built in.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01041-00326219-00326546 So it will pause while the description happens, and then
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01042-00326546-00326717 it will automatically restart when
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01043-00326717-00326840 the description is finished.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01044-00326840-00326960 So let's check it out.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01045-00326960-00327026 [VIDEO PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01046-00327026-00327272 - Michael K. Young, President, University of Washington.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01047-00327272-00327509 - We are committed to the notion that everyone should
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01048-00327509-00327705 have an opportunity to participate
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01049-00327705-00327830 in higher education, whether--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01050-00327830-00328007 TERRILL THOMPSON: I'm going to speed Michael up a little bit.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01051-00328007-00328109 - --or the research perspective--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01052-00328109-00328268 TERRILL THOMPSON: This is not need our president anymore,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01053-00328268-00328346 I feel like I can do this.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01054-00328346-00328574 - --we benefit from that because we get to enjoy the talents
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01055-00328574-00328697 and the skills of those people who come in.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01056-00328697-00328830 And also their perspective, which in many cases
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01057-00328830-00328904 will be different from the perspective
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01058-00328904-00328971 of others on campus.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01059-00328971-00329085 And so accessibility becomes a very important value
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01060-00329085-00329132 of the University.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01061-00329132-00329222 [MUSIC PLAYING]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01062-00329222-00329332 TERRILL THOMPSON: I'm going to slow back down again.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01063-00329332-00329441 - Images of a teacher and students
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01064-00329441-00329606 in classrooms and at computer stations.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01065-00329606-00329771 Text moves on a closed circuit TV.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01066-00329771-00329975 Words appear, IT accessibility, what
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01067-00329975-00330095 campus leaders have to say.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01068-00330095-00330285 [MUSIC PLAYING]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01069-00330955-00331309 Tracy Mitrano, director of IT policy, Cornell University.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01070-00331599-00331821 - We're a leading university globally.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01071-00331821-00331936 We want the best talent--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01072-00331936-00331995 [END PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01073-00331995-00332224 TERRILL THOMPSON: So the nice thing about this approach
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01074-00332224-00332586 is it's a WebVTT file, so it's super simple.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01075-00332586-00332829 And Gaby mentioned that you could do this in Notepad,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01076-00332829-00333213 and it's easier to do it in a captioning tool.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01077-00333213-00333591 But if you just have a few lines of description text--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01078-00333591-00333903 as in this video, there's not that much that needs
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01079-00333903-00334223 to be described-- you could very easily do this in Notepad,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01080-00334223-00334474 and in five minutes you've got your description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01081-00334474-00334752 The catch though, is that you have
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01082-00334752-00335154 to be using a media player that supports this.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01083-00335154-00335529 This is built into the HTML5 specification.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01084-00335529-00335973 So this is the way that the W3C envisions audio description
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01085-00335973-00336160 to happen.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01086-00336160-00336510 But right now, Able Player is the only media player
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01087-00336510-00336837 that supports it, and that is the player that we developed,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01088-00336837-00336909 internally.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01089-00336909-00337221 It is free, it's open source.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01090-00337221-00337529 And it's available as a Wordpress plug-in.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01091-00337529-00337704 A little bit of rudimentary at the moment,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01092-00337704-00338159 but we're working on that, as well as the Drupal module.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01093-00338159-00338245 So it's out there.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01094-00338245-00338652 And this is what you're seeing now, is Able Player.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01095-00338652-00339132 So WebVTT description can be a solution.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01096-00339410-00339776 The advantage is it's easy, it's built into the HTML5 spec.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01097-00339776-00340028 Only one video is needed-- that's the nice thing, too,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01098-00340028-00340484 that extended audio description happens automatically,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01099-00340484-00340938 whereas if you have a video that is--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01100-00340938-00341414 it has extended audio description mixed in,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01101-00341414-00341669 it's a longer video than the original video
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01102-00341669-00341879 so the durations don't match up, which
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01103-00341879-00342146 means you have to get both videos captioned
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01104-00342146-00342608 separately, which can be convenient and add
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01105-00342608-00342689 to the cost--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01106-00342689-00343003 inconvenient and add to the cost.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01107-00343003-00343157 Another thing to consider, though,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01108-00343157-00343462 is the audio description is an art, finding the right words
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01109-00343462-00343657 to say that don't distract.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01110-00343657-00343849 There actually is a technique to this
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01111-00343849-00344221 that people spend a lot of time training
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01112-00344221-00344500 to become an audio describer.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01113-00344500-00344662 So I don't want to say you can just
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01114-00344662-00345079 do audio description yourself, that if it's
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01115-00345079-00345303 more complex than just identifying
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01116-00345303-00345503 the names of speakers and providing a little bit
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01117-00345503-00345733 description here, a little bit description there,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01118-00345733-00346122 then it probably should be sent out to some--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01119-00346122-00346314 to the professionals who do this kind of work.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01120-00346578-00346861 Option 4 is have students do it.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01121-00346861-00347175 And I mention this because there is
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01122-00347175-00347489 a group of students at the University of Washington.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01123-00347489-00347706 This arose out of an undergraduate course--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01124-00347706-00347949 an entrepreneurial course.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01125-00347949-00348201 They're calling themselves, video eyes,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01126-00348201-00348678 but they are doing automatic audio description
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01127-00348678-00348999 using AI, which is really an interesting concept.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01128-00348999-00349278 And I was skeptical at first, but I've been checking out
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01129-00349278-00349845 some of their work and, I want to share this "Together We
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01130-00349845-00350288 Will" video, which I showed you at the beginning.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01131-00350288-00350528 But this is their version of that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01132-00350528-00350910 So let's see what they can do with artificial intelligence.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01133-00350910-00351074 [VIDEO PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01134-00351074-00351242 - This is an extraordinary time.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01135-00351242-00351583 [MUSIC PLAYING]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01136-00351583-00351790 Now more than ever, we all have a duty
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01137-00351790-00352581 to look out for one another, for each other, who's
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01138-00352581-00352822 most vulnerable.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01139-00352822-00352884 [END PLAYBACK]
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01140-00352884-00353072 TERRILL THOMPSON: So pretty impressive stuff.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01141-00353072-00353319 Obviously, in this case, they're just using OCR,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01142-00353319-00353490 so it's reading on-screen text.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01143-00353490-00353685 And that it is a synthesized voice,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01144-00353685-00354090 but they've invested in one of the premium synthesized voices,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01145-00354090-00354453 so it really sounds pretty natural.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01146-00354453-00354654 But they're venturing beyond this,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01147-00354654-00355032 and actually have some other demos where they're
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01148-00355032-00355359 able to identify what's happening on the screen,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01149-00355359-00355923 and objects on the screen, and pretty interesting work
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01150-00355923-00356127 that they're doing.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01151-00356127-00356364 And so that-- you never know what
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01152-00356364-00356695 you're going to get when you ask students for a solution.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01153-00356952-00357372 That brings us to the Washington State Audio Description
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01154-00357372-00357426 Project.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01155-00357426-00357796 This is a project that we have just launched.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01156-00357796-00358179 And this is working with states--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01157-00358179-00358659 other state higher education institutions to get more video
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01158-00358659-00358746 audio described.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01159-00358746-00359028 So we're providing the funding for this.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01160-00359028-00359260 This Is funded by the DO-IT center,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01161-00359260-00359373 which is part of our group.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01162-00359373-00359610 But we've got State of Washington money
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01163-00359610-00359898 to do this project.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01164-00359898-00360384 And the goal is to work with these partner institutions
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01165-00360384-00360586 to get high-priority videos described.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01166-00360586-00360745 And so we're going to provide support,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01167-00360745-00361053 we're going to be the liaison for the vendors,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01168-00361053-00361467 and just see how much video we can describe between now
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01169-00361467-00361773 and the end of the fiscal year.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01170-00361773-00362118 So the University of Washington, as a partner in this--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01171-00362118-00362325 as one of the partners-- we want to caption--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01172-00362325-00362598 or we want to describe our own videos in addition
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01173-00362598-00362728 to their videos.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01174-00362728-00363168 And so if you have videos that you would like to--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01175-00363168-00363343 that you feel are a high priority
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01176-00363343-00363609 and should be described, and would
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01177-00363609-00363903 like to participate in this project, then just let me know.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01178-00363903-00364044 Here's my email.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01179-00364044-00364261 So it's two things you can let me know about.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01180-00364261-00364758 One is if you want to participate as a UW participant
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01181-00364758-00364920 in this project.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01182-00364920-00365379 And the second thing is if you want access to the YTCA reports
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01183-00365379-00365913 so you can use that tool to help prioritize with your captioning
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01184-00365913-00366216 and description efforts.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01185-00366216-00366630 The last slide we have here is just a bunch of the links
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01186-00366630-00366855 that we have talked about.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01187-00366855-00367641 The most important one is uw.edu/accessibility/video.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01188-00367641-00368055 That's kind of our hub for accessible video information.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01189-00368055-00368517 And you can access everything else from that website.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01190-00368517-00368796 So I'll leave it at that.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01191-00368796-00369075 And we're pretty much out of time,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01192-00369075-00369345 but I'm happy to entertain questions for anybody that
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01193-00369345-00369442 wants to stick around.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01194-00369442-00369667 We can run a little bit long, that's fine.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01195-00369667-00369838 I'm going to stop share, though, so I can
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01196-00369838-00370120 access chat a little easier.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01197-00370120-00370450 And if anybody-- again, if anybody wants to unmute
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01198-00370450-00370641 and just ask the question, you're
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01199-00370641-00370763 welcome to do that as well.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01200-00371270-00371461 There was a question earlier about captions.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01201-00371461-00371638 Did you see that in chat, Gaby?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01202-00371638-00371722 GABY DE JONGH: Yeah.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01203-00371722-00371947 I actually answered that in the chat as well.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01204-00371947-00371970 TERRILL THOMPSON: OK.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01205-00371970-00372049 GABY DE JONGH: Yep.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01206-00372049-00372317 TERRILL THOMPSON: Excellent.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01207-00372317-00372647 So Nancy wants to know, I know you can provide specialized
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01208-00372647-00372854 words to captioning services if you're
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01209-00372854-00373080 captioning a video rather than a live script.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01210-00373080-00373291 Oh, is that a comment to an earlier--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01211-00373291-00373475 GABY DE JONGH: Yeah, answer to the question.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01212-00373475-00373532 TERRILL THOMPSON: OK.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01213-00373532-00373661 Trying to catch up, sorry.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01214-00374253-00374311 OK.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01215-00374311-00374361 Cool.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01216-00374624-00374927 So this is-- actually, I've been talking with that best student
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01217-00374927-00375212 team quite a bit, and adding vocabulary
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01218-00375212-00375452 is also an important thing for description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01219-00375704-00376529 It's interesting, like the video that was outsourced--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01220-00376529-00376784 the president's video, "The Best of UW 2016,"
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01221-00376784-00377222 that was outsourced, there were a few things in that outsourced
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01222-00377222-00377294 description--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01223-00377294-00377546 I thought it went really well overall.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01224-00377546-00378044 But there are a few things that if it was an internal job,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01225-00378044-00378623 they would have referred to certain landmarks
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01226-00378623-00379058 probably by their name, like Suzzallo
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01227-00379058-00379535 and other prominent sort of features of the UW landscape,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01228-00379535-00379854 as well as prominent people, like the president.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01229-00379854-00380054 They recognized President Obama, but they didn't
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01230-00380054-00380288 recognize President Cauce.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01231-00380288-00380942 So things like that, there are benefits
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01232-00380942-00381431 to being able to provide some context to an audio description
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01233-00381431-00381533 provider.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01234-00381533-00381809 And so with this AI-based solution,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01235-00381809-00381968 they actually are working on building
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01236-00381968-00382238 that kind of thinking in, where you can upload some context,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01237-00382238-00382738 or vocabulary, or things that they should be looking
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01238-00382738-00382901 for-- that the engine should be looking
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01239-00382901-00383093 for when doing the description.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01240-00383093-00383366 So that-- should be really interesting to see
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01241-00383366-00383519 how that evolves.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01242-00383927-00383996 OK.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01243-00383996-00384281 So I think that about does it.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01244-00384281-00384671 Again, thank you all for attending.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01245-00384671-00384917 The recording will be up probably
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01246-00384917-00385142 within the next week or two, as well
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01247-00385142-00385469 as we still don't have the past recordings up yet.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01248-00385469-00385766 But we're going to get all these videos up at the same time
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01249-00385766-00385952 along with the slides.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01250-00385952-00386237 So watch for those on Accessible Technology website.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01251-00386237-00386624 And come again this time next month,
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01252-00386624-00386951 and we'll have another presentation.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01253-00386951-00387155 I forget actually what's on tap next time.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01254-00387155-00387275 Is it Hadi?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01255-00387275-00387521 Getting a screen reader--
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01256-00387521-00387723 testing pages with screen reader?
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01257-00387723-00387950 I think that might be the next one up.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01258-00387950-00388235 GABY DE JONGH: Yes, I believe that is correct.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01259-00388235-00388383 TERRILL THOMPSON: Awesome.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01260-00388383-00388433 Great.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01261-00388433-00388593 Well, thanks, everybody, for coming.
a2CtM9Nn6CI-01262-00388593-00388912 I am going to stop the recording now.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00000-00002444-00002767 Categorias de Aristóteles é uma obra de ontologia.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00001-00002767-00003271 Isto é, é sobre onta, seres, ou o que existe.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00002-00003271-00003961 Ele está interessado em classificar os tipos de seres que existem.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00003-00003961-00004409 E dentro dessa classificação, ele quer identificar os seres que são os mais fundamentais, importantes
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00004-00004409-00004562 ou reais.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00005-00004562-00005314 Vejamos agora a classificação quádrupla de seres que ele gera no capítulo dois.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00006-00005314-00006067 E então veja como ele usa essa classificação para identificar as realidades mais fundamentais.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00007-00006067-00006690 Aristóteles gera esta ontologia quádrupla invocando as duas relações de predicados
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00008-00006690-00006852 sujeitos que estivemos examinando.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00009-00006852-00007198 Ser dito sobre um assunto e estar em um assunto.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00010-00007198-00007652 Ele acha que você pode classificar qualquer coisa que está em uma de quatro categorias
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00011-00007652-00007862 fazendo duas perguntas sobre isso.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00012-00007862-00008072 É dito de um assunto?
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00013-00008072-00008197 Sim ou não?
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00014-00008197-00008446 E está em um assunto?
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00015-00008446-00008619 Sim ou não?
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00016-00008619-00009455 Os fãs de Harry Potter podem pensar nisso como as duas perguntas feitas pelo Chapéu
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00017-00009455-00010171 de Classificação do Instituto Aristotélico de Ontologia.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00018-00010171-00010696 Acabamos de ver que a distinção entre ser definido de um sujeito, e não ser definido
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00019-00010696-00010969 de nenhum sujeito, equivale à distinção entre universos e particularidades.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00020-00010969-00011774 Assim, o ser humano é um universal, o que se diz de Sócrates, um particular.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00021-00011774-00012533 E labrador retriever, cão e animal são universais que dizem do labrador retriever particular,
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00022-00012533-00012633 Fido.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00023-00012633-00012911 Ok, então essa é a distinção leste oeste.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00024-00012911-00013061 E a distinção Norte-Sul?
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00025-00013061-00013505 Isso diz respeito se uma entidade está em um assunto.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00026-00013505-00014099 Lembre-se da definição de Aristóteles de estar em um sujeito ou como temos chamado,
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00027-00014099-00014199 inerência.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00028-00014199-00015282 O que pertence a algo não como uma parte, e não pode existir separadamente do que está
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00029-00015282-00015382 em.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00030-00015382-00015910 Vimos como esta é a relação em que andar se estende a Sócrates.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00031-00015910-00016076 Andar é uma atividade de Sócrates.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00032-00016076-00016639 É o tipo de coisa que não pode existir sem ser a atividade de algo.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00033-00016639-00017437 Esta é também a relação em que o marrom está para Fido, supondo que Fido foi um daqueles
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00034-00017437-00017691 belos chocolates castanhos labradores retrievers.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00035-00017691-00018490 Então, andar e marrom são itens inerentes, enquanto Sócrates e Fido não são.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00036-00018490-00019374 Coisas como cores, formas, locais, atividades e assim por diante vão abaixo da linha.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00037-00019374-00019816 Uma vez que existem, apenas herdando em assuntos como Sócrates ou Fido.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00038-00019816-00020507 Mas Sócrates e Fido não estão aqui em nada mais fundamental, então eles vão acima da
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00039-00020507-00020607 linha.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00040-00020607-00021342 No capítulo quatro, Aristóteles introduz o termo substância para se referir aos assuntos
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00041-00021342-00021442 de itens inerentes.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00042-00021442-00021606 Aqueles acima da linha.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00043-00021606-00021823 Sócrates e Fido são substâncias.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00044-00021823-00022809 Agora, como devemos chamar os itens que vão abaixo da linha, além do fato de que eles
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00045-00022809-00022948 estão aqui em substâncias?
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00046-00022948-00023361 No capítulo quatro, Aristóteles apenas nos dá uma lista, qualidade, quantidade, atividade,
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00047-00023361-00023499 e assim por diante.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00048-00023499-00024091 No entanto, a lista fornece-nos uma forma de classificar a origem das coisas que existem
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00049-00024091-00024313 em substâncias como Sócrates e Fido.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00050-00024313-00024798 Ou seja, ele está enumerando o tipo de coisas que podem ser ditas dos itens particulares
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00051-00024798-00025159 que aqui estão em Sócrates ou Fido.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00052-00025159-00025554 Por exemplo, pegue marrom, que está em Fido, o que é?
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00053-00025554-00025811 Castanho é uma cor.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00054-00025811-00026733 Então cor em vez de marrom, isso significa que a cor vai na coluna da direita porque
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00055-00026733-00026883 é um universal.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00056-00026883-00027324 Mas abaixo da linha porque ela está dentro de um assunto.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00057-00027324-00027727 Agora, assim como no caso dos universais acima da linha onde podemos perguntar o que é um
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00058-00027727-00028266 cão, e obter a resposta é um animal, podemos pedir mais de cor.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00059-00028266-00028681 Abaixo da linha, o que é, e eventualmente vamos obter a cor da resposta é uma qualidade.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00060-00028681-00029456 Assim, a qualidade também vai neste quadrante.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00061-00029456-00030049 Note que a qualidade é uma das dez categorias de ser que estão listadas no capítulo quatro,
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00062-00030049-00030747 onde Aristóteles diz que cada entidade invocada em uma predicação é uma substância, ou
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00063-00030747-00031420 quantidade, ou qualidade, ou relativa, ou onde, ou quando, ou estar em uma posição,
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00064-00031420-00031798 ou ter, ou agir, ou sofrendo.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00065-00031798-00032325 De fato, todas essas categorias que não sejam substâncias que são qualidade, quantidade,
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00066-00032325-00032655 posição, relação, atividade e assim por diante.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00067-00032655-00033247 Todos eles acabarão no quadrante inferior direito da nossa classificação de quatro
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00068-00033247-00033347 vezes.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00069-00033347-00034075 Aristóteles está propondo estes como os universais mais altos na categoria de entidades
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00070-00034075-00034175 inerentes.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00071-00034175-00034800 Note-se que atuar, que está na lista desses universos no capítulo quatro, será dito
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00072-00034800-00035693 de caminhar, já que caminhar é uma ação, algo que você faz.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00073-00035693-00035963 Para resumir a classificação quatro vezes dos seres de Aristóteles.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00074-00035963-00036618 Ela surge da combinação de duas distinções entre universos e particularidades, por um
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00075-00036618-00036995 lado, essa é a distinção leste oeste.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00076-00036995-00037853 E entre substâncias e itens inerentes do outro, essa é a distinção norte sul.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00077-00037853-00038310 Isso produz quatro tipos básicos de seres.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00078-00038310-00039015 Substâncias universais, propriedades inerentes universais, propriedades inerentes particulares
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00079-00039015-00039146 e substâncias particulares.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00080-00039146-00039508 Agora há alguma disputa sobre como entender a distinção leste oeste sul da linha.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00081-00039508-00039955 Ou seja, entre universos e particularidades no caso de entidades aderentes, mas essa complicação
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00082-00039955-00040110 não precisa nos preocupar aqui.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00083-00040110-00040822 O que é importante para nossos propósitos é a direção de ter uma relação de assunto.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00084-00040822-00041950 Lembre-se que ter um sujeito é ser dependente de uma entidade subjacente mais fundamental.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00085-00041950-00042450 Se desenharmos setas apontando para o assunto do qual uma entidade depende, poderemos ver
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00086-00042450-00042763 claramente qual categoria Aristóteles destaca como mais importante e por quê.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00087-00042763-00043173 Primeiro, podemos notar a dependência do leste oeste.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00088-00043173-00043595 Os universos têm particularidades como seus súditos.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00089-00043595-00044063 Assim, as setas da dependência vão para os detalhes.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00090-00044063-00044274 Agora, a dependência norte-sul.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00091-00044274-00044960 Itens inerentes têm como seus sujeitos, as substâncias em que eles estão aqui.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00092-00044960-00045388 Agora, para identificar os seres mais fundamentais.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00093-00045388-00046147 Qual categoria serve como assunto para todos os outros?
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00094-00046147-00046486 Ou direta ou indiretamente.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00095-00046486-00047016 É a categoria de substâncias específicas.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00096-00047016-00047563 Todas as outras entidades são ditas deles como sujeitos, essas são as substâncias
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00097-00047563-00047663 universais.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00098-00047663-00048178 Ou, nelas como sujeitos, esses são os itens inerentes particulares.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00099-00048178-00048794 Ou, ter como assunto itens que fazem uma dessas duas coisas.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00100-00048794-00049446 Esses são os itens inerentes universais, e observe que não há setas de dependência
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00101-00049446-00049675 que afastem de substâncias específicas.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00102-00049675-00050231 Estes não têm assuntos, mas eles são os assuntos para todo o resto.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00103-00050231-00050993 Isso os torna o tipo mais fundamental de ser.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00104-00050993-00051825 Eles estão por trás de tudo, sem nada mais fundamental que lhes esteja subjacente.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00105-00051825-00052311 É por isso que Aristóteles os chama de substâncias primárias.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00106-00052311-00052552 Ele conclui no capítulo cinco.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00107-00052552-00053344 O que é chamado de substância mais plenamente, principalmente, e acima de tudo, é o que
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00108-00053344-00053711 não é dito de nenhum assunto nem em nenhum assunto.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00109-00053711-00054311 Por exemplo, um homem ou cavalo individual.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00110-00054311-00055374 E todas as outras coisas são ditas das substâncias primárias como sujeitos ou nelas como sujeitos.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00111-00055374-00055474 Como sujeitos para todas as outras coisas, as substâncias primárias são o tipo mais
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00112-00055474-00055639 importante ou fundamental de ser.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00113-00055639-00056261 Na verdade, isso é praticamente o que a palavra substância traduzida significa.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00114-00056261-00056952 Em grego, é ousia, que é um substantivo abstrato formado a partir do particípio do
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00115-00056952-00057052 verbo ser.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00116-00057052-00057655 Uma tradução mais literal seria ser-ness, e uma renderização perfeitamente boa seria
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00117-00057655-00058434 a realidade, onde a realidade representa genuína ou primeira classe em oposição ao ser derivado,
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00118-00058434-00058632 parasitário ou de segundo grau.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00119-00058632-00059490 Chamar algo de ousia é conferir um status ontológico especial e de alto grau.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00120-00059490-00060486 Algo que está perdido na substância de tradução, uma vez que, à medida que usamos o termo,
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00121-00060486-00060827 tendemos a pensar em substâncias como coisas que você pode espalhar, manipular, pulverizar
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00122-00060827-00061123 fora de uma lata, ou ficar preso em seu cabelo.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00123-00061123-00061616 Não é um termo honorífico na forma como Aristóteles usa ousia.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00124-00061616-00061949 Os assuntos são ainda mais complicados pela história da nossa substância palavra inglesa,
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00125-00061949-00062245 que se origina da tradução latina da palavra de Aristóteles para assunto, hupokeimenon,
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00126-00062245-00062351 ou coisa subjacente.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00127-00062351-00062813 Mas não se preocupe com essas complicações linguísticas se as achar distrações, eu
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00128-00062813-00063049 realmente amo esse tipo de coisa.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00129-00063049-00064021 O ponto principal a ter em mente é que o termo substância em nossa tradução de Aristóteles
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00130-00064021-00064958 está em pé para ousia, que podemos pensar como o vencedor da medalha de ouro nas olimpíadas
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00131-00064958-00065058 ontológicas.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00132-00065058-00065730 Com essa compreensão de ousia, podemos ver que ele tem o status ontológico que Platão
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00133-00065730-00065940 atribuiu às suas formas inteligíveis.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00134-00065940-00066655 Então agora podemos articular a disputa ontológica entre Platão e Aristóteles.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00135-00066655-00067386 Platão pensou que as entidades que merecem o título Ousia, as entidades mais fundamentais,
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00136-00067386-00067614 são formas suprassensíveis e inteligíveis.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00137-00067614-00068160 Aristóteles, pelo contrário, pensava que as realidades mais básicas são aquelas que
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00138-00068160-00068478 servem como sujeitos para todo o resto.
a2UvsqIE3xQ-00139-00068478-00069056 E estas são entidades comuns como seres humanos e outros animais.
a2be9MT5KtE-00000-00000430-00000778 How do you think the balance between access and content provider should work? 
a2be9MT5KtE-00001-00000778-00001869 Should it become similar to how it works with telephony or stay as it is now with mutual agreements?
a2be9MT5KtE-00002-00001869-00004315 Thanks Mauro. My response is obviously to say we should stay as we are now so with regulated mutual agreements, those which we all know as peering, because we have seen that the Internet works well like this.
a2be9MT5KtE-00003-00004315-00005642 I can give a personal case from my family which takes us outside of the technical sphere in which we are used to reason in.
a2be9MT5KtE-00004-00005642-00007262 My wife had an Internet access provided by a mobile operator who had not at that time, and neither has now, a direct connection with Google,
a2be9MT5KtE-00005-00007262-00008159 consequently she had a lot of problems reading the emails in her Gmail account.
a2be9MT5KtE-00006-00008159-00008790 One year after the contract expired, she changed the operator and now she is very happy
a2be9MT5KtE-00007-00008790-00010312 because she pays less and she does not have any access problems.
a2be9MT5KtE-00008-00010312-00010992 I believe that beyond the many technicalities that are nevertheless important, 
a2be9MT5KtE-00009-00010992-00012090 shows the value of having a peering agreement, and on the other hand the operator who does not have this could lose new customers.
a2be9MT5KtE-00010-00012090-00012238 So long live peering!
a5HAjRdEe5Y-00000-00000000-00000200 #New Learners
arzWgNJJsNQ-00000-00000499-00001133 Fear is a universal emotion common to every species on earth, so it's unsurprising that
arzWgNJJsNQ-00001-00001133-00001460 horror in fiction has such a divided audience-base.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00002-00001460-00002060 I have barely even scratched past the tip of this particular iceberg, despite the amount
arzWgNJJsNQ-00003-00002060-00002315 of horror fiction in my arsenal at time of writing and recording.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00004-00002315-00002626 I haven't watched all of them, alright?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00005-00002626-00003088 There are those who get into horror for a thrill, or to gain a better understanding
arzWgNJJsNQ-00006-00003088-00003778 of what fear is, or even just because of a base fascination with what scares people.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00007-00003778-00003961 Growing up, I wasn't much of a horror buff.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00008-00003961-00004360 I generally avoided horror as a genre until very much recently.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00009-00004360-00004823 It's due to a lot of things (the popularization of cheap jumpscares being chief among them),
arzWgNJJsNQ-00010-00004823-00005330 but in general, I was uninterested with what Hollywood horror was trying to say because
arzWgNJJsNQ-00011-00005330-00005657 I never resonated with the fears they were trying to represent.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00012-00005657-00006158 So, it's safe to say that I'm not really much of a thrill-seeker.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00013-00006158-00006258 And I'm fine with that!
arzWgNJJsNQ-00014-00006258-00006693 What I look for in horror is mostly an understanding of the stain that fear leaves.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00015-00006693-00007264 The footprint in the sand, whatever you want to call it, the impact it leaves is always
arzWgNJJsNQ-00016-00007264-00007448 what fascinates me more.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00017-00007448-00007564 For example.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00018-00007564-00007706 Mike Flanagan's Bly Manor.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00019-00007706-00008325 A ghost story that focused mostly on trying to uncover what exactly love is, regardless
arzWgNJJsNQ-00020-00008325-00008574 of how terrifying it seems from the outside.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00021-00008574-00009120 Because a ghost story is, inherently, always going to be a character study.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00022-00009120-00009590 Despite how it ends, or maybe in spite of it, ghost stories will always focus on the
arzWgNJJsNQ-00023-00009590-00010406 haunting at hand, is always rooted in regret and wanting stagnancy in the face of inevitable change.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00024-00010406-00010940 A ghost story is about fear, whether of the audience, of the character being haunted,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00025-00010940-00011221 or of the character doing the haunting.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00026-00011221-00011753 Fear of the unknown and the known rooted in a very concentrated fear of the self.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00027-00011753-00012270 返校 was a video game by Red Candle Games released in 2017.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00028-00012447-00013011 –was a film produced by 1 Production Film Co., Asmik Ace, and Filmagic Pictures, directed
arzWgNJJsNQ-00029-00013011-00013257 by John Hsu, released in 2019.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00030-00013386-00014009 –was a TV series produced by Outland Film Productions, directed by Su I-Hsuan, Chuang
arzWgNJJsNQ-00031-00014009-00014307 Shiang-an, and Liu Yi, released in 2020.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00032-00014307-00014905 返校, translated literally as Return to School, and better known to many as Detention,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00033-00014905-00015378 is a story set in 1960s Taiwan during the height of the White Terror, a period when
arzWgNJJsNQ-00034-00015378-00016005 Taiwan was under the rule of the Chinese Nationalist Party, when it persecuted those that allegedly
arzWgNJJsNQ-00035-00016005-00016556 promoted leftist and/or Communist thinking, opposed the government in any way possible,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00036-00016556-00016803 or any other excuse they saw fit.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00037-00016803-00017370 Detention, in turn, is about Fang Ray-shin and her junior Wei Chung-ting, who both wake
arzWgNJJsNQ-00038-00017370-00017793 up on the Greenwood High school campus in the middle of a typhoon, only to realize that
arzWgNJJsNQ-00039-00017793-00017970 there is no way out.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00040-00017970-00018377 There's more to the story, of course, and I do want to tell everyone verbally before
arzWgNJJsNQ-00041-00018377-00018979 we head into it that this video will contain heavy spoilers for all iterations of Detention,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00042-00018979-00019611 and a very in-depth conversation about death, depression, suicide, abuse, torture, and fully
arzWgNJJsNQ-00043-00019611-00019819 grown adults dating minors.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00044-00019819-00020098 Heed the warnings because I am not kidding about any of them.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00045-00020098-00020621 Anyway, the footage I took from has no commentary and the game isn't voice acted, so you guys
arzWgNJJsNQ-00046-00020621-00020923 can like, go watch it in your own spare time.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00047-00020923-00021030 Or play it.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00048-00021030-00021386 It's available on Steam and Switch, if I recall correctly.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00049-00021386-00021841 You can pirate the film or whatever, and the series is also up on Netflix.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00050-00021841-00021941 For now.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00051-00021941-00022493 I dunno if they let it be on Netflix for Americans, I know the American government and the Chinese
arzWgNJJsNQ-00052-00022493-00022941 government have like, a secret handshake going on about like, not acknowledging Taiwan as
arzWgNJJsNQ-00053-00022941-00023328 its own country so maybe it ISN'T on Netflix for Americans.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00054-00023328-00023436 ANYWAY.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00055-00023436-00023920 If seeing me play the game is something you're all interested in I could arrange that.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00056-00023920-00024329 If I have this out after my initial stream, I can technically stream the game and post
arzWgNJJsNQ-00057-00024329-00024429 the highlights here.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00058-00024429-00024811 I'll put a cut here of what I'm streaming right now so I can give you the little card
arzWgNJJsNQ-00059-00024811-00024987 with the link to the channel I put the streams in.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00060-00024987-00025441 Again, if you're all interested in seeing me play Detention live, tell me in the comments
arzWgNJJsNQ-00061-00025441-00025681 and I'll put it on queue after I catch up with FS2.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00062-00025681-00026330 This is a game I've only really experienced secondhand, unlike Oxenfree, so I'd love it
arzWgNJJsNQ-00063-00026330-00026881 if I could get to experience it firsthand and I will do it with the appropriate endorsement.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00064-00026881-00027264 Now, with that out of the way, let's get into the nitty gritty of this.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00065-00027809-00028402 Detention has the story structure of your typical short story, which is a normal format
arzWgNJJsNQ-00066-00028402-00028911 for a lot of ghost stories because of the way the exposition drops.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00067-00028911-00029458 Turning of the Screw, the story they adapted Bly Manor from, is a prime example for that.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00068-00029458-00029930 All in all, Detention's gameplay lasts around three hours, so it's a short and appropriately
arzWgNJJsNQ-00069-00029930-00030061 horrific game.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00070-00030061-00030466 It sets up the core characters, the setting, and the tone it'll be using, then it starts
arzWgNJJsNQ-00071-00030466-00030909 unravelling the mysteries it gave you while it was doing this to begin with.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00072-00030909-00031392 They also execute it with little to no dialogue between characters, using mostly environmental
arzWgNJJsNQ-00073-00031392-00031749 storytelling and the acquisition of items to tell the story for you.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00074-00031749-00032374 I do have the slight inkling that this style was inspired by Cat Lady, another psychological
arzWgNJJsNQ-00075-00032374-00032713 horror game, this one developed by Harvester Games back in 2012.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00076-00032713-00033094 It's a side-scroller, it's story-driven, it's about a ghost.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00077-00033094-00033194 Or... zombie?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00078-00033194-00033699 Anyhow, the art styles are somewhat similar, as well as the way they handle the cutscenes
arzWgNJJsNQ-00079-00033699-00034103 with this integration of like, edited black and white and the occasional pop of color
arzWgNJJsNQ-00080-00034103-00034271 to fit the tone.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00081-00034271-00034743 But the main difference is that Cat Lady was fully voice acted and is a lot more explicit
arzWgNJJsNQ-00082-00034743-00034957 about its supernatural-ness.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00083-00034957-00035443 Detention shies away from that, despite being very explicitly a story about a ghost.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00084-00035443-00035878 There are moments of spirituality here and there, especially the parts where Ray-shin
arzWgNJJsNQ-00085-00035878-00036299 mirrors her mother and prays to the City God for guidance.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00086-00036299-00036672 There are also creatures like the Lantern Man and the Lingered.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00087-00036672-00036900 But the similarities end there.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00088-00036900-00037388 Detention focuses mainly on the way the White Terror affected the way these people lived,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00089-00037388-00037818 and how even one innocuous mistake in that time had cost lives.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00090-00037818-00038092 So, to give you the rundown.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00091-00038092-00038496 Ray-shin's father becomes a drunk and starts cheating, her parents fight.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00092-00038496-00038643 Her grades suffer.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00093-00038643-00039112 She meets Mister Chang, they start a relationship instead of him actually helping her through
arzWgNJJsNQ-00094-00039112-00039247 this tough time.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00095-00039247-00039711 Her mother hires a private investigator to dig up dirt before the abuse got even worse,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00096-00039711-00040229 she reports Mister Fang and gets him arrested for alleged bribery.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00097-00040229-00040661 Miss Yin, Ray-shin's homeroom teacher, finally notices Chang and tells him to think about
arzWgNJJsNQ-00098-00040661-00041106 the book club, to stop pursuing the relationship because it's bad and terrible.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00099-00041106-00041599 Ray-shin tries to get rid of Miss Yin by exposing the book club, asks her junior, Chung-ting,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00100-00041599-00041706 for the list.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00101-00041706-00042031 Ray-shin turns the list in to [Instructor] Bai.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00102-00042031-00042262 Bai thanks her for her patriotism.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00103-00042262-00042456 Miss Yin leaves the country and gets blacklisted.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00104-00042456-00042655 Chang and the book club get arrested.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00105-00042655-00043294 Chang gets executed, the others die in prison during the torture except for Wei Chung-ting,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00106-00043294-00043572 who was given a pardon for pleading guilty.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00107-00043572-00043831 He ends up getting a sentence of 15 years.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00108-00043831-00044413 Ray-shin kills herself in her grief and guilt but only after getting rewarded for her patriotism.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00109-00044413-00044997 This game commits to the idea that I've only seen Mike Flanagan explore in his ghost stories,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00110-00044997-00045215 which was why I brought him up.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00111-00045215-00045494 Time moves differently for the dead in this story.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00112-00045494-00045936 Processing the memories leading up to their deaths can make no sense to the human brain,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00113-00045936-00046291 because it jumps from moment to moment, never leading up to the whole.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00114-00046291-00046747 Your goal is to piece together whatever you can before it jumps to the next moment, and
arzWgNJJsNQ-00115-00046747-00047230 the downside to that is you get to the next moment and you don't remember what
arzWgNJJsNQ-00116-00047230-00047937 was happening before it, just what they've been feeling at the time it was happening at all.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00117-00047937-00048071 If that makes sense.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00118-00048071-00048408 You're in their memories so you don't know that there was a moment before this.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00119-00048408-00048458 Y'know.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00120-00048561-00048675 Does that make sense?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00121-00048675-00048775 That makes sense.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00122-00048775-00048928 You guys know it.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00123-00048928-00049330 For better or for worse, depending on the ending you get, Ray-shin uncovers her death,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00124-00049330-00049618 the reason she is trapped in Greenwood.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00125-00049618-00050321 The player, as Ray-shin, has to make the choice between accepting the responsibility of having
arzWgNJJsNQ-00126-00050321-00050900 snitched for a selfish reason, and maintaining her need to be selfish to the very end and
arzWgNJJsNQ-00127-00050900-00051133 wanting to forget that it happened at all.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00128-00051133-00051641 And the themes they use are so smart about it, even if most of the poeticisms of the
arzWgNJJsNQ-00129-00051641-00051825 story get lost in translation.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00130-00051825-00052313 Chang compares her to a white daffodil, a narcissus, selfish and vain, but flourishing
arzWgNJJsNQ-00131-00052313-00052498 under the attention given to her.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00132-00052498-00052691 Most of the time people would take that as an insult.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00133-00052691-00053128 I mean, it's Narcissus, for Christ's sake, do you really want to get compared to the
arzWgNJJsNQ-00134-00053128-00053349 most self-absorbed person in all myth?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00135-00053349-00053505 But no, it makes sense.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00136-00053505-00053924 There's a selfishness to depression that most people rarely take the time to consider.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00137-00053924-00054398 The closest I've seen people address it is when it comes to suicide, but that makes it
arzWgNJJsNQ-00138-00054398-00054549 an outward problem.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00139-00054549-00055111 Makes it about how you should think about how your family or friends will take it.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00140-00055111-00055444 Depression makes you feel like you're the center of the universe, and that the universe
arzWgNJJsNQ-00141-00055444-00055627 fucking hates you.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00142-00055627-00055754 That's the end-all, be-all.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00143-00055754-00056194 Something goes wrong, someone starts distancing themselves from you, no one talks to you,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00144-00056194-00056591 no one likes you-- it's not going to be because of your actions, it's going to be because
arzWgNJJsNQ-00145-00056591-00056691 of you.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00146-00056691-00057073 You're the reason things are going wrong, you're the reason people hate you.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00147-00057073-00057413 That's why a lot of depression talk is centered on worth and value.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00148-00057413-00057874 Ray-shin had to sit through months and years of her parents yelling and beating at each other.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00149-00057874-00058158 The abuse never extended to her, of course, but she reasoned that it was because of her
arzWgNJJsNQ-00150-00058158-00058592 that things were like this (a topic that will get brought up again, we'll come back to that).
arzWgNJJsNQ-00151-00058592-00059020 And when she finally had someone who cared for her, it was Mister Chang, the school counselor
arzWgNJJsNQ-00152-00059020-00059254 whose job really was just to check up on her.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00153-00059254-00059488 To see why her grades were failing.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00154-00059488-00059950 But instead, she flourished under that seemingly undivided attention.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00155-00059950-00060347 Mister Chang saw her for who she was and appreciated her for it.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00156-00060347-00060727 And when Miss Yin decided that enough was enough and Mister Chang actually acknowledged
arzWgNJJsNQ-00157-00060727-00061014 and accepted that, Ray-shin snapped.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00158-00061014-00061425 The one good thing that ever happened to her had just been taken away from her.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00159-00061425-00061691 And now she was back to having nothing to look forward to.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00160-00061691-00062107 None of this, of course, justifies the horrors that followed.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00161-00062107-00062592 Ray-shin's reasons, from a logical standpoint, are selfish in the most negative and hideous
arzWgNJJsNQ-00162-00062592-00062692 sense.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00163-00062692-00062796 But it is human.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00164-00062796-00063297 The energy she could have put into killing herself was put into putting others in harm.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00165-00063297-00063781 If Chang had just done his job correctly, arguably we wouldn't even be in this mess.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00166-00063781-00064376 And it's in that frustration, in the cynical 'if only's that make the visual metaphor of
arzWgNJJsNQ-00167-00064376-00064629 a stage so brilliant.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00168-00064629-00064852 This is a tragedy.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00169-00064852-00065319 Sad as it is, all tragedies have the illusion of being preventable.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00170-00065319-00065927 I've seen a few reviewers get frustrated by Chang or Ray-shin for their selfishness, say
arzWgNJJsNQ-00171-00065927-00066370 that the personal drama or lovers' spat cost lives.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00172-00066370-00066726 It's funny that they say that because they're seeing the forest for the trees here.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00173-00066726-00067200 These were extraordinary circumstances, in every negative sense of those words.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00174-00067200-00067722 Selfishness like that is such a necessary human right, it should be inviolable.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00175-00067722-00068022 Selfishness like that is what activists fight for.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00176-00068022-00068522 The trivialities of personal drama and taboo relationships get lost the moment you put
arzWgNJJsNQ-00177-00068522-00069013 them under the stifling pressure of a society under a fascist martial law.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00178-00069013-00069380 If the martial law hadn't existed, Mister Chang would have been reported for dating
arzWgNJJsNQ-00179-00069380-00069589 a student and gotten his license revoked.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00180-00069589-00069956 The book club wouldn't have been put into unnecessary scrutiny, hell, Miss Yin wouldn't
arzWgNJJsNQ-00181-00069956-00070425 even have looked that deep into it, would have minded her own business if not for the
arzWgNJJsNQ-00182-00070425-00070621 safety of the kids in their book club.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00183-00070621-00071025 Ray-shin wouldn't have even gotten the idea of reporting the book club if not for the
arzWgNJJsNQ-00184-00071025-00071398 martial law, because it wouldn't have been something her mother was able to do.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00185-00071398-00072008 Though Detention is a ghost story, is a character study of Ray-shin, it's also a time capsule.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00186-00072008-00072167 It's also a play.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00187-00072167-00072449 It's also a poem that bears repetition.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00188-00072897-00073694 Now, despite being a fairly faithful adaptation, the film made its own... interesting decisions.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00189-00073694-00073877 For one, the regret was divided.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00190-00073877-00074407 Though Ray-shin is haunted by herself and her decisions and her own willful ignorance
arzWgNJJsNQ-00191-00074407-00074801 of her actions, Chung-ting is also put under some scrutiny.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00192-00074801-00075111 And it's a decision that had its pros and cons.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00193-00075111-00075504 The venue of the game was given a bit of a literal interpretation.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00194-00075504-00075956 They turned this Greenwood campus-looking limbo into a kind of halfway point for spirits.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00195-00075956-00076189 Very "the border between life and death"-y.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00196-00076189-00076585 While Ray-shin was struggling with the consequences of her actions like she was in the game, Chung-ting
arzWgNJJsNQ-00197-00076585-00076872 had to struggle with the consequences of his.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00198-00076872-00077383 After all, he'd been the one who'd given Ray-shin the list in the first place and, after all,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00199-00077383-00077662 he'd been the only one left of the people in the book club.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00200-00077662-00078282 I liked the decision of exploring Chung-ting's survivor's guilt and his fury at Ray-shin.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00201-00078282-00078706 It gave some of the playerbase some vindication, at least, if they'd watched the film.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00202-00078706-00079211 Chung-ting is still as polite and nice as ever, but they managed to make a character
arzWgNJJsNQ-00203-00079211-00079660 out of his politeness from the game and the smatterings of moments that involved him.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00204-00079660-00079881 This detracted a little from Ray-shin.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00205-00079881-00080382 For one, the decision to make her aware that she was dead from the get-go and was progressively
arzWgNJJsNQ-00206-00080382-00080799 just getting more and more vehement about denying why she was dead in the first place...
arzWgNJJsNQ-00207-00080799-00081260 it's an inspired choice, but it took what had been an exploration of her character and
arzWgNJJsNQ-00208-00081260-00081644 the reasons she would have forgotten all this, and turned her selfishness into something
arzWgNJJsNQ-00209-00081644-00081767 a little more selfish.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00210-00081767-00082111 Like, yeah, in the game she was selfish, but they just made her less sympathetic by doing
arzWgNJJsNQ-00211-00082111-00082219 that, y'know?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00212-00082219-00082416 And trust me, this is a trend that keeps going.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00213-00082416-00082516 Put a pin on that.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00214-00082516-00082914 I do think that they missed the chance of being able to explore more of Chung-ting's
arzWgNJJsNQ-00215-00082914-00083105 character by turning Miss Yin into a martyr.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00216-00083105-00083618 There is a scene in the game where Chung-ting and his fellow club member are burning books
arzWgNJJsNQ-00217-00083618-00083843 and are talking about what's going on with the book club.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00218-00083843-00084146 His friend suggests that so-and-so had leaked the list.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00219-00084146-00084530 Chung-ting, knowing he was the leak in the first place, tells him to shut up about it.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00220-00084530-00084827 But, during this scene, they talk about Miss Yin too.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00221-00084827-00085012 About how she'd left the country.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00222-00085012-00085461 His friend says something about how unnerving it is that they didn't have anywhere to escape
arzWgNJJsNQ-00223-00085461-00085561 to.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00224-00085561-00085917 Miss Yin, who was the principal's daughter, had some immunity despite being someone with
arzWgNJJsNQ-00225-00085917-00086419 the same goals as them, people who just want liberty in whatever form they can attain it.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00226-00086419-00086860 And this conversation harkens back to an earlier moment in the game, when it was revealed that
arzWgNJJsNQ-00227-00086860-00087205 Miss Yin hadn't been able to return to Taiwan until her death.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00228-00087205-00087795 Again, this was set in the 60s, and the White Terror lasted up until, what, the early 90s?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00229-00087795-00087941 Thirty entire years later.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00230-00087941-00088377 They adapted this scene in the movie too, with both boys having a heartfelt moment among
arzWgNJJsNQ-00231-00088377-00088918 the burning joss paper and books, but then they kind of just... ignore that little moment
arzWgNJJsNQ-00232-00088918-00089018 of envy?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00233-00089018-00089487 They commiserate in their sad fates, then Big Monster [Instructor] Bai comes out of
arzWgNJJsNQ-00234-00089487-00089939 the woods and kills Chung-ting's friend, who I think is a metaphor for the White Terror too.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00235-00089939-00090289 He's also, I think, adapted from one of the monsters in the game, but I can't be too sure.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00236-00090289-00090680 With leaving out that moment, I think it just kind of plays too much into how Chung-ting
arzWgNJJsNQ-00237-00090680-00091118 and the rest of the book club members are like, perfect victims.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00238-00091118-00091673 And while it is true that there are activists like that, the book club wasn't an activist
arzWgNJJsNQ-00239-00091673-00091773 group.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00240-00091773-00092102 These were just kids who wanted to read, they weren't entirely aware of the magnitude of
arzWgNJJsNQ-00241-00092102-00092348 that until things got too real too fast.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00242-00092348-00092776 I say this with the express knowledge that there are people out here in the Philippines
arzWgNJJsNQ-00243-00092776-00093172 who didn't understand what was going on during our martial law because of how young they
arzWgNJJsNQ-00244-00093172-00093835 were, were ignorant of how incredibly harmful it'd been to most people who had been alive in that time.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00245-00093835-00094268 A majority of the time, people who get reported and spirited away by the government were never
arzWgNJJsNQ-00246-00094268-00094702 heard from again, most of them having gone missing officially.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00247-00094702-00095122 Like, didn't even have a body left to bury missing officially.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00248-00095122-00095550 And despite these sorry fates, they're met with nothing but contempt for having broken
arzWgNJJsNQ-00249-00095550-00095681 the law in the first place.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00250-00095681-00096219 Unless, y'know, you wanna be open about being supportive of these people or like.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00251-00096219-00096319 Sharing some grief.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00252-00096319-00096555 And then people will start calling you a commie.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00253-00096555-00096655 In this day and age?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00254-00096655-00096755 Calling you a commie?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00255-00096755-00096971 Yes, this is a thing that exists.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00256-00096971-00097475 I dunno, that might be a nitpick, but I kind of wanted that humanizing and selfish moment
arzWgNJJsNQ-00257-00097475-00097924 between the book club members because it makes them seem less like heroes, y'know, makes
arzWgNJJsNQ-00258-00097924-00098064 them more relatable.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00259-00098064-00098482 That even in the shittiest of circumstances, you still see someone leaving instead of facing
arzWgNJJsNQ-00260-00098482-00098838 the music with you as selfish because of your own envy.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00261-00098838-00099298 Another thing that they changed was that Mister Fang was apparently like, some big figure
arzWgNJJsNQ-00262-00099298-00099398 in the military?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00263-00099398-00099949 And despite the abuse they'd been experiencing because of his vehement denial of his cheating
arzWgNJJsNQ-00264-00099949-00100417 on his wife, Ray-shin still wanted him back and was terrified of her mother for having
arzWgNJJsNQ-00265-00100417-00100664 reported her husband in the first place.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00266-00100664-00101050 Your mileage may vary, but if the guy's been abusing your mother and has been cheating
arzWgNJJsNQ-00267-00101050-00101400 on her, I think some reciprocation of the monstrosity is warranted.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00268-00101400-00101589 I dunno, could just be me.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00269-00101589-00102076 Anyway, minor details aside, with making the Greenwood campus limbo a metaphysical and
arzWgNJJsNQ-00270-00102076-00102590 literal spiritual place, they managed to fit both the good and bad endings into the film,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00271-00102590-00102857 which was honestly very smartly done.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00272-00102857-00103373 Big kudos to John Hsu, Fu Kai-ling, and Chieng Shi-keng for how they adapted that.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00273-00103373-00103743 It's just very, very brilliant, no wonder they won awards for this.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00274-00103743-00104251 After Ray-shin's decision to finally face the music after wallowing in her guilt for
arzWgNJJsNQ-00275-00104251-00104683 so long, there's a very literal battle against the big White Terror Metaphor [Instructor]
arzWgNJJsNQ-00276-00104683-00105490 Bai and Ray-shin kind of lets Chung-ting leave and she stays behind in some "redemption after death" situation.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00277-00105490-00106258 And this weird dream slash nightmare is what gets Chung-ting past the torture and fifteen years in jail?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00278-00106258-00106730 It's a weird narrative decision but I respect it, y'know, it's still a very smart move.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00279-00106730-00107052 Now, there are a couple more details in the film that I want to talk about, but I can't
arzWgNJJsNQ-00280-00107052-00107243 talk about them without talking about,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00281-00107738-00108258 Detention the Series is set in the limbo between the good and bad endings, so about thirty
arzWgNJJsNQ-00282-00108258-00108513 years after Ray-shin died.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00283-00108513-00108920 Greenwood is still up and running, [Instructor] Bai is still the prefect of discipline, but
arzWgNJJsNQ-00284-00108920-00109363 the old building was shut down after Ray-shin committed suicide on-campus, and we're finally
arzWgNJJsNQ-00285-00109363-00109549 in a semi-modern setting.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00286-00109549-00110145 We have our protagonist Liu Yun-shang, a girl who moved in from the city due to a variety
arzWgNJJsNQ-00287-00110145-00110708 of reasons, chief among them a series of events that led to a mental break that led to a bout of psychosis.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00288-00110708-00111044 Her mother is struggling as well, having a cheating husband who is now living with his
arzWgNJJsNQ-00289-00111044-00111648 mistress instead, and puts the onus on Yun-shang to be a better person and to bring him back.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00290-00111648-00112215 Our deuteroganist is Cheng Wen-Liang, Chung-ting's nephew (very odd considering they don't share
arzWgNJJsNQ-00291-00112215-00112733 a surname), whose family runs the local temple to the City God and is a descendant of a long
arzWgNJJsNQ-00292-00112733-00112888 line of exorcists, apparently.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00293-00112888-00113289 He meets Yun-shang on the roof of the old building, where they were just being themselves,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00294-00113289-00113547 unmasking for a moment of fresh air.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00295-00113547-00114428 And while this was happening, a fellow schoolmate of theirs, also wearing the devil tag on her,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00296-00114428-00114684 jumped off the roof right in front of them.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00297-00114684-00115020 A series of events happen where history repeats itself.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00298-00115020-00115424 The show kind of features Ray-shin as this vengeful spirit now, and the world-building
arzWgNJJsNQ-00299-00115424-00115827 actually makes sense despite a bit of its cheesiness that goes with it.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00300-00115827-00116313 She's still stuck in her loop, but now she's living vicariously through Yun-shang, who
arzWgNJJsNQ-00301-00116313-00116509 is literally a kindred spirit.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00302-00116509-00116932 Ray-shin sees herself in Yun-shang, a girl who feels a responsibility to keep her parents
arzWgNJJsNQ-00303-00116932-00117436 together, likes to write poetry, and fell in love with the teacher in charge of the book club.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00304-00117436-00117718 They're literally cut from the same cloth.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00305-00117718-00117941 But there's a problem with that.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00306-00117941-00118177 So, to give you the rundown.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00307-00118177-00118239 Again.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00308-00118239-00118400 This is starting to feel like Into the Spider-verse.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00309-00118439-00119135 Detention starts in 1992, Liu Yun-shang moves into the town with her mother, and she transfers
arzWgNJJsNQ-00310-00119135-00119376 into Greenwood High for a fresh start.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00311-00119376-00119921 From the get-go, you do get the idea that Yun-shang is being pressured into doing something
arzWgNJJsNQ-00312-00119921-00120145 she doesn't want to by her mother.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00313-00120145-00120711 As the story progresses, she meets Cheng Wen-liang, who likes her more when she's not pretending
arzWgNJJsNQ-00314-00120711-00121287 to be someone she's not (a running theme in all iterations of this property, for some reason).
arzWgNJJsNQ-00315-00121287-00121831 She gets possessed by bad ending Ray-shin, who she strikes an immediate liking to for
arzWgNJJsNQ-00316-00121831-00122342 letting her be a better writer and making her not rely on her anti-psychosis meds.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00317-00122342-00122954 Ray-shin takes advantage of her and relives her love story with Mister Chang through Shen Hua and Yun-shang.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00318-00122954-00123377 Wen-liang gets a wind of this and immediately tries to tear Ray-shin and Yun-shang apart
arzWgNJJsNQ-00319-00123377-00123897 once he realizes that Ray-shin is the same girl his uncle hasn't gotten over for years now.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00320-00123897-00124180 Worse comes to worst when Shen Hua sexually assaults Yun-shang.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00321-00124180-00124363 Mister Liu comes on-site to make him pay.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00322-00124363-00124840 They lose the trial when they reveal that Yun-shang uses anti-psychotics.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00323-00124840-00125210 Yun-shang snaps and commits suicide, surrendering her body over to Ray-shin.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00324-00125210-00125680 Ray-shin enacts her revenge plot against [Instructor] Bai, Chung-ting finally gets on campus and
arzWgNJJsNQ-00325-00125680-00126064 tries to appeal to Ray-shin and reconcile with his conflicting emotions from what happened
arzWgNJJsNQ-00326-00126064-00126164 thirty years ago.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00327-00126164-00126455 Yun-shang plays Detention the game while inside Ray-shin's head.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00328-00126455-00126825 Ray-shin reveals that the other reason she got attached to Yun-shang is because Yun-shang
arzWgNJJsNQ-00329-00126825-00127314 has her own guilt-ridden reasons of why she's at Greenwood in the first place, having met
arzWgNJJsNQ-00330-00127314-00127565 with her father's mistress behind her mother's back.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00331-00127565-00127975 Eventually reaching the good ending, the story ends with Yun-shang fully integrating to life
arzWgNJJsNQ-00332-00127975-00128319 in this town, happy with her mother and the company she keeps with Wen-liang.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00333-00128319-00129015 There's a lot, but it all makes sense, I promise the series is good with all the contexts involved.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00334-00129015-00129330 It's a whirlwind of ideas, it drives me up the wall.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00335-00129330-00129722 Ray-shin, Chung-ting, and [Instructor] Bai all have similar arcs of realizing that they're
arzWgNJJsNQ-00336-00129722-00130249 not living in that time anymore, that this cycle of abuse and hurt and vengeance is--
arzWgNJJsNQ-00337-00130249-00130759 for better or for worse-- for nothing now, and stubbornly sticking to the ideas and behaviors
arzWgNJJsNQ-00338-00130759-00131143 they had at that time is doing more harm than good to the people looking forward to the
arzWgNJJsNQ-00339-00131143-00131384 lives ahead of them, and to themselves.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00340-00131384-00131819 It's true that their actions had consequences, that the hurts they felt and inflicted in
arzWgNJJsNQ-00341-00131819-00132310 turn had left scars that still fester, but keeping them to the forefront won't let these
arzWgNJJsNQ-00342-00132310-00132648 hurts heal, nor will it make them feel better about themselves.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00343-00132648-00133084 It's an admonishing angle to the selfishness theme that they stuck to in the video game
arzWgNJJsNQ-00344-00133084-00133404 and it is actually a very common phenomenon.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00345-00133404-00133838 People acting in envy of the things they've fought tooth and nail for act out in ways
arzWgNJJsNQ-00346-00133838-00134419 that might hurt more than help, and their envy ends up becoming its own self-perpetuating monster.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00347-00134419-00134826 Ray-shin and Chung-ting are the perfect avatars for this, both had to go through some really
arzWgNJJsNQ-00348-00134826-00135369 depressing shit and now have to process that the emotions they're acting on, go on without
arzWgNJJsNQ-00349-00135369-00135578 the context they were wrought from.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00350-00135578-00135802 Like being haunted by their own emotional ghosts.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00351-00135802-00136070 It's a very PTSD thing.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00352-00136070-00136570 And this arc develops beside the very real problems cropping up in Yun-shang's life.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00353-00136570-00137026 What I really like about this series in retrospect, because I did actually watch this one before
arzWgNJJsNQ-00354-00137026-00137623 I watched the film, is that they committed and acknowledged the stuff the other formats couldn't.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00355-00137623-00138066 The game was short and simple, something an indie studio could pull off with a relatively small budget.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00356-00138066-00138464 The film had to adapt a story that ran on little to no dialogue and was mostly environmental
arzWgNJJsNQ-00357-00138464-00138784 story-telling within the hour to two hour span.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00358-00138784-00139196 So, the series actually had the time and space to address the shit they couldn't in their
arzWgNJJsNQ-00359-00139196-00139352 short story formats.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00360-00139352-00139452 And.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00361-00139506-00139606 Okay.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00362-00139606-00139734 Hold on.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00363-00139734-00140202 This was something the film did too that I didn't like, and it was hiring attractive
arzWgNJJsNQ-00364-00140202-00140739 men to play the teacher who took advantage of a teen under considerable mental stress.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00365-00140739-00141465 I mean look at Chang Ming-hui from both the film and the series.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00366-00141465-00141639 What the fuck!
arzWgNJJsNQ-00367-00141639-00142147 I know he's an idealist who touted liberty above all but turning him into that when he's
arzWgNJJsNQ-00368-00142147-00142541 literally just some sad boy who likes to read books?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00369-00142541-00142841 Shen Hua is at least an acquired taste looking guy.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00370-00142841-00143315 Like, he doesn't look like husbando bait for all those thirsty teenagers, but since teens
arzWgNJJsNQ-00371-00143315-00143845 will thirst over anyone who isn't entirely too macho or patronizing, he's alright.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00372-00143845-00144205 And when he sexually assaults Yun-shang, he never seems attractive ever again.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00373-00144205-00144480 And no, this isn't just me flaming the casting.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00374-00144480-00145042 This is an actual problem, because there is no part of the game that ever actually romanticized
arzWgNJJsNQ-00375-00145042-00145219 Chang and Ray-shin's relationship.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00376-00145219-00145738 All it ever shows you is Ray-shin's perspective as this downtrodden teen who wanted positive
arzWgNJJsNQ-00377-00145738-00146104 attention that she never got from anyone from her family, and since gathering was a bad
arzWgNJJsNQ-00378-00146104-00146483 thing to do, it wasn't something she ever got from friends either.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00379-00146483-00146905 Whatever angle you look at, this relationship was wrought from a want to be selfish and
arzWgNJJsNQ-00380-00146905-00147203 it brought nothing but heartbreak and death from either side.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00381-00147203-00147624 This was what I meant in the Fandoms hate Friends video when I said that a romantic
arzWgNJJsNQ-00382-00147624-00147983 subplot is symbolic of the overall plot.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00383-00147983-00148328 Detention is about selfishness and its good, bad, and ugly sides.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00384-00148328-00148958 It's about cherishing the taboo in a time when everything is taboo except the shit that should be.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00385-00148958-00149380 And finding a way to make Ray-shin and Chang, and Shen Hua and Yun-shang's relationships
arzWgNJJsNQ-00386-00149380-00149829 palatable beats the purpose of even making these relationships happen at all.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00387-00149829-00150117 Because the point isn't that their love story is compelling.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00388-00150117-00150461 No, bestie, it's disgusting!
arzWgNJJsNQ-00389-00150461-00151050 These grown men took advantage of these children and even tried to justify the actions they were taking.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00390-00151050-00151439 And because Shen Hua isn't a freedom fighter like Chang was, he gets the storyline where
arzWgNJJsNQ-00391-00151439-00151582 he sexually assaults Yun-shang.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00392-00151582-00151770 Do you see what I'm saying here?
arzWgNJJsNQ-00393-00151770-00152116 And I do appreciate the team behind the series for addressing the problem behind a teacher
arzWgNJJsNQ-00394-00152116-00152550 pursuing a student like that, but despite that, they still ended with Ray-shin reconciling
arzWgNJJsNQ-00395-00152550-00153002 with her feelings for Chang in his final moments, and it's given the same level of reverence
arzWgNJJsNQ-00396-00153002-00153213 as they gave him in the game and the film.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00397-00153213-00153651 I understand why, Mister Chang and the book club members represent a demographic
arzWgNJJsNQ-00398-00153651-00154098 of Taiwanese people who didn't want to live under an oppressive regime, of course they
arzWgNJJsNQ-00399-00154098-00154363 were given some sort of respectful send out but.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00400-00154363-00154645 It kind of just cancels out what they did with Shen Hua and Yun-shang's arc.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00401-00154645-00155130 Alright, with that out of the way, we're running full circle back to Yun-shang and Ray-shin,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00402-00155130-00155285 we're taking the pin out now.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00403-00155285-00155710 Another thing they changed in the series is the amount of responsibility they gave Ray-shin
arzWgNJJsNQ-00404-00155710-00156000 for her father's arrest before everything happened.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00405-00156000-00156407 In the original, her mother hired a private investigator and had Mister Fang arrested
arzWgNJJsNQ-00406-00156407-00156703 for giving public officials bribes or something.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00407-00156703-00157122 This didn't affect Ray-shin in the slightest, but it did inspire her into turning in the
arzWgNJJsNQ-00408-00157122-00157272 book club to get rid of Miss Yin.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00409-00157272-00157466 In the series, they changed up some things.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00410-00157466-00157897 Putting Greenwood High in a provincial mountain village school heightens the probability that
arzWgNJJsNQ-00411-00157897-00158316 Mrs. Fang was illiterate, and since this was set in the 60s and there were some things
arzWgNJJsNQ-00412-00158316-00158819 in Ray-shin's room that were her mother's dowry, that's not too big of a jump to make.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00413-00158819-00159258 But in making Ray-shin be responsible for her father's arrest, it kind of makes the
arzWgNJJsNQ-00414-00159258-00159608 inclusion of that moment of arresting her father a moot point.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00415-00159608-00160058 If the decision to turn her father in came from her, then she could have easily had just
arzWgNJJsNQ-00416-00160058-00160384 done it with the book club without having arrested her father at all.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00417-00160384-00160844 This was a decision they made mostly to just connect Ray-shin and Yun-shang more, because
arzWgNJJsNQ-00418-00160844-00161440 Yun-shang is also misremembering her part in her father's departure from their household
arzWgNJJsNQ-00419-00161440-00161635 to make herself feel more pitiful.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00420-00161635-00162104 Ray-shin and Yun-shang's minds want them to misremember these events to justify the trauma
arzWgNJJsNQ-00421-00162104-00162272 they're undergoing in the household.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00422-00162272-00162614 Ray-shin wants to make it seem like she's the victim in this situation, having to live
arzWgNJJsNQ-00423-00162614-00163116 with her single, illiterate mother who reported her husband for years of abuse and neglect.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00424-00163116-00163478 Yun-shang wants to make it seem like it's all her fault that her dad left and that her
arzWgNJJsNQ-00425-00163478-00163624 mom hates her because of it.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00426-00163624-00164116 And without an outside perspective from either of their sides, they wouldn't have acknowledged
arzWgNJJsNQ-00427-00164116-00164498 these misremembrances, continued wallowing in irrational self-pity.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00428-00164498-00164986 Still, again, it makes Ray-shin seem less sympathetic than she actually is.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00429-00164986-00165460 Because that wasn't a trauma that she could just misremember for her own mental stability.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00430-00165460-00165858 Unlike the act of reporting the book club, which plagued her with guilt and shame up
arzWgNJJsNQ-00431-00165858-00166429 until the moment of her death, feeling responsible for her philandering, drunken deadbeat dad
arzWgNJJsNQ-00432-00166429-00166701 is not something that ever happened.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00433-00166701-00167149 It's the same with Yun-shang choosing to forget why she felt so guilty for her heartbroken
arzWgNJJsNQ-00434-00167149-00167638 mother, the guilt of having betrayed her trust behind her back to meet up with her dad's
arzWgNJJsNQ-00435-00167638-00167938 mistress is a secret she's been harboring for years.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00436-00167938-00168379 When the guilt built up and the emotional abuse she got from her mother stacked on top,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00437-00168379-00168758 the psychotic break happened and her memory kept getting more and more warped until she
arzWgNJJsNQ-00438-00168758-00169046 actually believed the lie she told her mother to begin with.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00439-00169046-00169438 I think I made this comparison while I was watching these playthroughs, but it does remind
arzWgNJJsNQ-00440-00169438-00169696 me a bit of that specific aspect of OMORI.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00441-00169696-00170228 Though I know dissociative amnesia doesn't just happen willy-nilly like that, and Ray-shin
arzWgNJJsNQ-00442-00170228-00170642 and Yun-shang don't commit to the idea of fantastical escapism in the face of guilt,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00443-00170642-00171228 they still had to make the difficult choice between running away from the truth, and confronting and owning up to it.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00444-00171228-00171946 Overall, Detention is a well-written and rewritten story about memory and responsibility.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00445-00171946-00172283 It's about acknowledging the real over preferable fictions.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00446-00172283-00172801 About how even though you want perfect victims, these are just regular people that are being
arzWgNJJsNQ-00447-00172801-00173150 mythologized for no reason other than "honoring the dead."
arzWgNJJsNQ-00448-00173150-00173545 You can like them for their achievements, for the heroism of their sacrifices, but you
arzWgNJJsNQ-00449-00173545-00173839 can't do that without acknowledging their shittier sides.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00450-00173839-00174255 And that's a bold thing to do, for a story about a terrible, terrible era in Taiwanese history.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00451-00174788-00175319 There's a lot of stuff I managed to leave out from this because good god, this is long enough.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00452-00175319-00175799 Like how much I just did not like the decision to make Chung-ting have this weird crush on
arzWgNJJsNQ-00453-00175799-00175899 Ray-shin.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00454-00175899-00176325 They managed to make sense of it in the series, with making them have a dynamic more similar
arzWgNJJsNQ-00455-00176325-00176783 to Yun-shang and Wen-liang, but it was a fiction the film entertained even though it didn't
arzWgNJJsNQ-00456-00176783-00177041 have any bearing in the original context.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00457-00177041-00177279 Also Yun-shang and Wen-liang have more chemistry.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00458-00177279-00177379 Obviously!
arzWgNJJsNQ-00459-00177379-00177923 God, there's also the fact that they reused the campus from the film for the series.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00460-00177923-00178344 That was such a nice easter egg for any viewers who may have played the game, on top of like,
arzWgNJJsNQ-00461-00178344-00178640 lines taken directly from the game itself.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00462-00178640-00178835 It's just really good.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00463-00178835-00179028 But that's all for now.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00464-00179028-00179199 Thanks for making it to the end.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00465-00179199-00179430 Like the video, comment, subscribe, etc.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00466-00179430-00179822 If you've seen the series, the film, or the game, tell me what you thought about it.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00467-00179822-00180330 And don't forget to comment if you don't mind me playing the game for highlights and stuff.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00468-00180330-00180654 I'll make it fun for y'all and voice act all the lines even.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00469-00180654-00180812 (Don't take my word for that.)
arzWgNJJsNQ-00470-00180895-00180990 Thanks again to my supporters.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00471-00180990-00181508 If you want to support me further, my Ko-fi is open.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00472-00181508-00181851 Supporters will get a week early access to these videos, bloopers if I have them, files
arzWgNJJsNQ-00473-00181851-00182437 and links to things I read and watched to make this video, and more in the Discord server.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00474-00182437-00182698 And as always, stay safe.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00475-00182698-00182828 Ingat tayong lahat.
arzWgNJJsNQ-00476-00182878-00182928 Bye!
ax2DyzlM43Q-00000-00000096-00000848 this is a talk about translation skills and competences sometimes called competencies
ax2DyzlM43Q-00001-00000903-00001248 but here i'm not making any real distinction between the two
ax2DyzlM43Q-00002-00001576-00002280 this fits into our subject in the following way in an ideal world you're going to
ax2DyzlM43Q-00003-00002280-00002840 train some translators or train people in translation skills you sort out your needs
ax2DyzlM43Q-00004-00002840-00003704 as we've seen from those needs you get your competencies or skills and we'll see what these
ax2DyzlM43Q-00005-00003704-00004392 terms mean in a minute from them you derive your learning objectives or learning outcomes and then
ax2DyzlM43Q-00006-00004392-00005208 you slot them into your course that is your entire master program or undergrad program then into each
ax2DyzlM43Q-00007-00005208-00005960 subject or then you get your syllabus and down into each lesson when you do your lesson plan
ax2DyzlM43Q-00008-00005960-00006648 so there's this top-down processing and then as in the best of communist five-year plans
ax2DyzlM43Q-00009-00006704-00007480 everything works like clockwork as you can see big cogs feeding into little cogs and yes that's an
ax2DyzlM43Q-00010-00007480-00008344 ideal world that is almost never found to give you an idea of the mess that we're in with competence
ax2DyzlM43Q-00011-00008344-00009032 theory here's what it means for perhaps the most influential linguist of our time noam chomsky
ax2DyzlM43Q-00012-00009128-00009568 you might remember right back at the beginning chomsky distinguished between
ax2DyzlM43Q-00013-00009568-00010224 competence as the language system that enables people to produce and understand an infinite
ax2DyzlM43Q-00014-00010224-00010856 number of sentences so that's competence in the brain there and that over there is performance
ax2DyzlM43Q-00015-00010936-00011304 so chomsky was distinguishing between what's happening in the brain
ax2DyzlM43Q-00016-00011360-00012040 and what is produced out here it's like sorcerer's long barrel with slight differences but
ax2DyzlM43Q-00017-00012112-00012832 that has nothing to do unfortunately nothing to do with what competence means in education
ax2DyzlM43Q-00018-00012832-00013416 theory what does it mean in education theory well we'll have to approach that step by step
ax2DyzlM43Q-00019-00013560-00014232 uh basically uh people for a long time just talked about skills the skill is well the
ax2DyzlM43Q-00020-00014288-00014952 what is the ability to carry out the task with determined results and taking into account time
ax2DyzlM43Q-00021-00014952-00015608 energy or both fair enough a skill we sort of know what that is you know kindergarten skills
ax2DyzlM43Q-00022-00015608-00016408 johnny can't tie up his shoelaces all right or six months no seven months i remember can your baby
ax2DyzlM43Q-00023-00016408-00017344 sit upright okay these are skills that we could codify and we can map on to progression now skills
ax2DyzlM43Q-00024-00017344-00018024 fit into the terminology of competence in many different ways but i'm just following one
ax2DyzlM43Q-00025-00018024-00018720 map of them here it's from the european masters of translation 2017 and this is their their
ax2DyzlM43Q-00026-00018720-00019400 overall map of what happens in translator training at masters level so you can see their skill
ax2DyzlM43Q-00027-00019456-00020216 and that's exactly what i just said there more or less okay the skill is knowing how in french
ax2DyzlM43Q-00028-00020216-00021056 savoir faire okay the know-how i know how to do it yeah knowledge on the other hand is knowing that
ax2DyzlM43Q-00029-00021144-00021664 all right and it's over here we need a certain knowledge in order to be able
ax2DyzlM43Q-00030-00021664-00022336 to translate and that feeds into it there now what's interesting here is that the classical
ax2DyzlM43Q-00031-00022400-00022928 model of competence says that incompetence there are three things all right
ax2DyzlM43Q-00032-00023032-00023616 and the third one is usually aptitude we can see that over here i think if you read then
ax2DyzlM43Q-00033-00023616-00024264 the proven ability to use knowledge so that skill and knowledge all right and then they talk about
ax2DyzlM43Q-00034-00024360-00025288 so personal social and or methodological abilities to work in situations and those abilities personal
ax2DyzlM43Q-00035-00025288-00025856 social abilities would come under the heading here of aptitude in a more classical approach
ax2DyzlM43Q-00036-00025968-00026695 so competence as it is there is a tripartite notion or was it was
ax2DyzlM43Q-00037-00026695-00027344 attempting to see things in a more holistic way than a division into isolated skills
ax2DyzlM43Q-00038-00027544-00028039 the notion of aptitudes could be taken right back to the renaissance concept of virtues
ax2DyzlM43Q-00039-00028120-00028688 that a person is good or good for a certain thing if they have certain character qualities
ax2DyzlM43Q-00040-00028688-00029272 which would be virtues so competence in brings together those three things
ax2DyzlM43Q-00041-00029520-00030424 it can also be called though uh literacy or twice a capacity to do something or a capability to
ax2DyzlM43Q-00042-00030424-00031295 do something and people move on to these terms because the waters here have become muddied it
ax2DyzlM43Q-00043-00031295-00032016 becomes difficult to know exactly what competence means and this is true in language education
ax2DyzlM43Q-00044-00032016-00032816 as it is in translator training i'll just take you through a short history of the concepts okay
ax2DyzlM43Q-00045-00032872-00033480 so in language education traditionally back in the 19th century we've seen some of the texts
ax2DyzlM43Q-00046-00033536-00034248 skills were speaking listening reading and writing those were your four skills and we might like to
ax2DyzlM43Q-00047-00034248-00035152 add mediation or translating to them but those are skills now the way they were taught was a closely
ax2DyzlM43Q-00048-00035152-00035960 associated with uh what's we might term a deficit better got you that is you would have to do more
ax2DyzlM43Q-00049-00035960-00036608 listening activities improve your listening skills because you weren't hearing things correctly or
ax2DyzlM43Q-00050-00036608-00037360 comprehending correctly okay so the way that these skills entered into the actual training process
ax2DyzlM43Q-00051-00037360-00038264 was through determining what you can't do so you have to do your alphabet okay and you go a b
ax2DyzlM43Q-00052-00038264-00039016 c d f oh little jenny you've left out e you are a bad bad bad girl you must remember to put e
ax2DyzlM43Q-00053-00039016-00039584 in before f the little journey feels very embarrassed there and she's so scared that
ax2DyzlM43Q-00054-00039584-00040144 she actually learns to put e before f and for the rest of her life she'll be scared of the letter e
ax2DyzlM43Q-00055-00040224-00040992 okay one learns in order to punish avoid punishment and ridicule that would be deficit
ax2DyzlM43Q-00056-00040992-00041816 or negative pedagogy and the concept of skills was somehow historically associated with that how
ax2DyzlM43Q-00057-00041816-00042416 did you know what to teach in your classroom well you looked at what the students could not do and
ax2DyzlM43Q-00058-00042416-00043368 you taught that and the whole thing was negative competence then came in as a way of going beyond
ax2DyzlM43Q-00059-00043368-00044120 negative pedagogy we would look at it as a holistic ability to do something we're not making
ax2DyzlM43Q-00060-00044120-00044712 people frightened about one particular thing and we can develop certain things at the same time
ax2DyzlM43Q-00061-00044712-00045360 on the level of knowing how of knowing what and of being able to in terms of personality
ax2DyzlM43Q-00062-00045440-00046096 so for little jenny and anybody learning the alphabet these days i don't know i know that
ax2DyzlM43Q-00063-00046096-00047072 my my son was taught to sing a song a a b c d e f g i don't sing it very well uh so how did they
ax2DyzlM43Q-00064-00047072-00047680 learn it instead of being scared of it uh they got together it was collective it was teamwork
ax2DyzlM43Q-00065-00047752-00048152 they learned singing skills at the same time as they learned alphabet skills
ax2DyzlM43Q-00066-00048208-00048840 and there was a kind of holistic approach to the development of a person so i think that
ax2DyzlM43Q-00067-00048896-00049616 in its intentions competence was a very very good advance on the rhetoric of of skills
ax2DyzlM43Q-00068-00049848-00050552 we can see how this came into translation theory or the theory of translation competence
ax2DyzlM43Q-00069-00050552-00051464 this man here is wolfram wils where he was he died a few years ago and he defined translation
ax2DyzlM43Q-00070-00051464-00052032 competence in the following way he said well you've got the four skills in your l1
ax2DyzlM43Q-00071-00052112-00052560 and then add to them your four skills in your l2 so you've got a person who can
ax2DyzlM43Q-00072-00052560-00053079 work in two languages and this is getting almost all the way there and on top of that
ax2DyzlM43Q-00073-00053079-00053648 there's a translation super competence which enables you to combine all the other skills
ax2DyzlM43Q-00074-00053728-00054384 and that's a pretty good model if you look at it it's got four four and one nine components
ax2DyzlM43Q-00075-00054384-00055024 all working together and generally they were based on skills so they weren't knowing how
ax2DyzlM43Q-00076-00055191-00055591 and that was the beginning of of a kind of approach to competence
ax2DyzlM43Q-00077-00055648-00056488 that has been used by many people since uh however the same villas later on sort of gave up on that
ax2DyzlM43Q-00078-00056488-00057104 and in 1989 he's just talking about skills as fiertish guyton in german just skills why not
ax2DyzlM43Q-00079-00057191-00058144 92 he's talking about proficiency and then in the german tradition of afghanistan 1991 was one of
ax2DyzlM43Q-00080-00058144-00058872 the first to do cognitive studies on how people translate he talked about strategies hanarisco
ax2DyzlM43Q-00081-00058872-00059679 writing in german although she's finnish preferred the term expertise so although competence was
ax2DyzlM43Q-00082-00059679-00060264 introduced there a lot of other terms could fulfill the function of describing the thing
ax2DyzlM43Q-00083-00060264-00060991 that translators are supposed to be able to do uh shifter and abdub i'm losing christina schefner
ax2DyzlM43Q-00084-00061088-00061688 was working in german originally so i included there then added performance ability
ax2DyzlM43Q-00085-00061760-00062464 which is really interesting because we go through this list short list of terms and we find that
ax2DyzlM43Q-00086-00062464-00063304 competence is associated with performance which if you remember was the exact opposite in chomsky
ax2DyzlM43Q-00087-00063304-00063952 chomsky distinguished between competence and performance here the whole terminology has become
ax2DyzlM43Q-00088-00063952-00065208 a mess and even that chomsky in distinction has been lost the multi-component model had a a longer
ax2DyzlM43Q-00089-00065208-00065880 history though multi-component i mean you you you see competence as one thing for translators
ax2DyzlM43Q-00090-00065880-00066664 and then you divide it up into the parts so balboa neuebert talked about language competence
ax2DyzlM43Q-00091-00066664-00067304 as vils did but then he said oh but you also have to know about the thing you're translating you
ax2DyzlM43Q-00092-00067304-00067896 have if you're doing an electronics translation you have to know something about electronics so
ax2DyzlM43Q-00093-00067896-00068512 you have subject competence and that would be more knowledge based and then the transfer competence
ax2DyzlM43Q-00094-00068512-00069144 which is the ability to translate so the the confidential model began
ax2DyzlM43Q-00095-00069232-00069944 from a very simple drawing over of of the language skills thing and we're starting to add things to
ax2DyzlM43Q-00096-00069944-00070592 it here we're adding subject competence hat team and mason do much the same thing
ax2DyzlM43Q-00097-00070664-00071392 they've got tt st tt processing and the transfer competence but look what goes on
ax2DyzlM43Q-00098-00071392-00072312 in multi-confidential competence emperor urdano 1996 talks about linguistic competence plus extra
ax2DyzlM43Q-00099-00072312-00072888 linguistic competence what you know about the world plus textual competence you can understand
ax2DyzlM43Q-00100-00072888-00073544 and produce texts plus professional skills because you have to interact with people in a professional
ax2DyzlM43Q-00101-00073544-00074368 way oh and by the way you can translate and that is your transfer competence okay 1996 and these
ax2DyzlM43Q-00102-00074368-00075056 things get bigger and bigger marissa pratas also working in spain these were in barcelona
ax2DyzlM43Q-00103-00075200-00075704 these are my former colleagues okay so i can't say anything bad about them because they're very very
ax2DyzlM43Q-00104-00075704-00076456 nice people we'll see if i say something bad let's see marisa adds to all of that she says oh yes and
ax2DyzlM43Q-00105-00076456-00077072 they have to know how to use dictionaries yeah that's true how to use documentation that is find
ax2DyzlM43Q-00106-00077072-00077608 knowledge google around i guess area knowledge you have to know about the subject matter that
ax2DyzlM43Q-00107-00077680-00078296 neubert had talked about use of instructions you have to know how to interact with instructions
ax2DyzlM43Q-00108-00078296-00079040 oh and technological tools you can see this model this multi-component component thing is getting
ax2DyzlM43Q-00109-00079040-00079896 bigger and bigger process 98 adds oh you have to be able to remember things properly and you
ax2DyzlM43Q-00110-00079896-00080448 have to be able to move between languages quickly and you have to be able to control interference
ax2DyzlM43Q-00111-00080520-00081248 so you would watch out for false friends for example between um between european languages
ax2DyzlM43Q-00112-00081248-00081808 and between chinese and english you would watch out for the syntactic interference for example
ax2DyzlM43Q-00113-00082024-00082744 and also in spain although this is in granada uh roberto mayral said you know what translators
ax2DyzlM43Q-00114-00082744-00083360 also need common sense and curiosity and they have to be able to communicate
ax2DyzlM43Q-00115-00083360-00083816 and they have to be able to criticize themselves and they have to be meticulous and they have to
ax2DyzlM43Q-00116-00083816-00084512 have a very synthetic mentality and these are all on the uh level of of personal attributes
ax2DyzlM43Q-00117-00084576-00085200 or aptitudes okay so the idea of a multi-component knowledge
ax2DyzlM43Q-00118-00085288-00085800 competence just grew and grew and grew until there were so many things there that that we
ax2DyzlM43Q-00119-00085800-00086400 were going to say well yeah everything they have to be able to do everything why were
ax2DyzlM43Q-00120-00086400-00087008 these people putting in so many things well one of the reasons was that they were training
ax2DyzlM43Q-00121-00087008-00087840 translators in a four-year university program okay it wasn't at master's level would be one one and
ax2DyzlM43Q-00122-00087840-00088496 a half or two years this was a four years and in some cases a five-year undergraduate program
ax2DyzlM43Q-00123-00088496-00089104 where you have to put in a lot of things to keep kids in in school okay learning for a long time
ax2DyzlM43Q-00124-00089344-00090600 those people the people around amparo hortado with a p there may develop the pacte group in barcelona
ax2DyzlM43Q-00125-00090960-00091496 it comes from the letters in catalan which is the process of acquisition
ax2DyzlM43Q-00126-00091496-00092584 of translatorial competence and evaluation okay if you want it in catalan process that is
ax2DyzlM43Q-00127-00092904-00093752 and this i think is the most cited model of translation competence that we have anywhere
ax2DyzlM43Q-00128-00093752-00094248 here it is over here i mean under each of these squares there's a whole lot of things so we're
ax2DyzlM43Q-00129-00094248-00094864 we're really looking at the very top level of it and it borrows on from what we saw before there's
ax2DyzlM43Q-00130-00094928-00095536 bilingual as it was in vils we have to know about things outside of the language so world
ax2DyzlM43Q-00131-00095536-00096192 knowledge very good uh we have to be able to use technologies and writing tools and dictionaries
ax2DyzlM43Q-00132-00096192-00096832 that's our instrumental subcomponents and we have to have knowledge about what we're doing
ax2DyzlM43Q-00133-00096832-00097600 okay this is your translation theory and ethics type stuff comes in here you have to have a
ax2DyzlM43Q-00134-00097600-00098240 certain psychological temperament and that feeds in there and then they said oh look you know what
ax2DyzlM43Q-00135-00098240-00098784 we've got all these very complex things it must be very hard for them to interact so there must be
ax2DyzlM43Q-00136-00098880-00099480 a sub-competence for coordinating them all and that's our strategic competence okay we're all
ax2DyzlM43Q-00137-00099480-00100120 the translation strategies are used here we know about the strategies here we put them to work in
ax2DyzlM43Q-00138-00100120-00100856 connection with all of those so it's rather a neat looking model if you like but how was it developed
ax2DyzlM43Q-00139-00100856-00101352 well this is not them actually it's just people sitting around the table playing with things
ax2DyzlM43Q-00140-00101456-00102240 this is the way the the model was developed people with lots of experience in training translators
ax2DyzlM43Q-00141-00102240-00102704 get together and talk about what they do and what they think they do and then you know
ax2DyzlM43Q-00142-00102704-00103192 someone says oh i've got a great idea we need there must be somewhere they can coordinate so
ax2DyzlM43Q-00143-00103192-00103783 let's call it strategic competence yes that's a great idea let's put that in there all right
ax2DyzlM43Q-00144-00103904-00104616 by which i mean there was no empirical testing or empirical basis of this model it was simply drawn
ax2DyzlM43Q-00145-00104616-00105664 on the experience of teachers who were trying to agree and they reach consensus on this uh
ax2DyzlM43Q-00146-00105664-00106392 there have been some articles published by pacter uh that is a group of people there not not these
ax2DyzlM43Q-00147-00106392-00107024 but the group of people who signed it uh called validation and what they do basically they get
ax2DyzlM43Q-00148-00107024-00107616 students who have been trained in all these things to do a translation then they get students who've
ax2DyzlM43Q-00149-00107616-00108272 been trained in languages but not in translation competence and they prove that the students with
ax2DyzlM43Q-00150-00108272-00108880 the training in translation competence translate better great i mean this is yeah if it were not
ax2DyzlM43Q-00151-00108880-00109448 true that would be interesting i mean hey you're the person who sets the exam you're the person who
ax2DyzlM43Q-00152-00109511-00110016 trained these people you're the person who's evaluating the translation if your students didn't
ax2DyzlM43Q-00153-00110016-00110720 do better you could pack up and go home but i don't see how the that sort of empirical research
ax2DyzlM43Q-00154-00110720-00111392 justifies the divisions between these things also if you look at the history of it which is what i
ax2DyzlM43Q-00155-00111392-00111968 just presented it came from a very simple notion of just adding things adding things adding things
ax2DyzlM43Q-00156-00111968-00112688 and that could go on forever don corelli in the meantime he's working in germany
ax2DyzlM43Q-00157-00112800-00113464 talked about translator competence translation competence is the ability to produce a translation
ax2DyzlM43Q-00158-00113544-00114256 but translator competence means becoming a translator which he describes here as joining
ax2DyzlM43Q-00159-00114256-00115064 communities different communities educated users of languages people who work in specialized fields
ax2DyzlM43Q-00160-00115159-00115976 traditional tools and new technologies okay he sees this as a social process whereby one person
ax2DyzlM43Q-00161-00115976-00116583 enters into different communities at the same time and this i think is very very interesting
ax2DyzlM43Q-00162-00116656-00117080 as soon as we realize that our graduates are not all becoming translators
ax2DyzlM43Q-00163-00117135-00117759 they are going into these other communities and the learning process the gaining of competence
ax2DyzlM43Q-00164-00117759-00118440 is also a fact of joining communities this is quite different of course
ax2DyzlM43Q-00165-00118440-00119080 corelli is just adding things on to the basic model of translation competence others have had
ax2DyzlM43Q-00166-00119080-00119728 added other things like for example speed this is vilse he came back and added speed first
ax2DyzlM43Q-00167-00119728-00120224 everybody else forgot about it although instrumental competence could be speed i guess
ax2DyzlM43Q-00168-00120288-00120824 social networking is is dealt with a lot in by douglas robinson and you can see that at work here
ax2DyzlM43Q-00169-00120880-00121616 in in corrally um dressing well i'm not joking i i actually put this in one of my books that
ax2DyzlM43Q-00170-00121616-00122048 when you're feeling really bad and you've got a hangover and you have to meet your client
ax2DyzlM43Q-00171-00122111-00122744 remember to dress well and i think i was at a conference many many years ago where somebody
ax2DyzlM43Q-00172-00122744-00123496 was talking about how conference interpreters had to learn to use makeup properly because
ax2DyzlM43Q-00173-00123496-00123952 this was part of their professional skills well okay anything could be put in there
ax2DyzlM43Q-00174-00124159-00124816 the problem with the multi-component approach to competence is that reality
ax2DyzlM43Q-00175-00124816-00125376 will always be ahead of you and you will always be catching up why because the
ax2DyzlM43Q-00176-00125376-00126000 profession is changing why is it changing i think basically because technology is pushing it on
ax2DyzlM43Q-00177-00126072-00126648 we go into increasing fragmentation and we know that our graduates go into many other places
ax2DyzlM43Q-00178-00126816-00127311 i think paul gruber at the university of melbourne has said of similar things he
ax2DyzlM43Q-00179-00127311-00127783 said you know competence models will always be behind there's no limit to what people
ax2DyzlM43Q-00180-00127783-00128440 can put in there's no way of controlling what goes into the stew and that's a real problem
ax2DyzlM43Q-00181-00128776-00129383 the models do evolve and here i just like to show you what happened this is
ax2DyzlM43Q-00182-00129383-00129992 a not the pac-day model this is the european masters of translation model taxonomy just
ax2DyzlM43Q-00183-00129992-00130568 means you divide it up into little groups this is the way they divided up in 2003
ax2DyzlM43Q-00184-00130632-00131192 and it's a fairly good model because it looks like a wheel and in the middle you've got service
ax2DyzlM43Q-00185-00131192-00131720 provision which means that that the people there are able to pull on all these different things
ax2DyzlM43Q-00186-00131720-00132184 and deliver it to a client and this is this is good it's got the technology there
ax2DyzlM43Q-00187-00132272-00132840 it's got information documentation it seems to have lots of good good things there
ax2DyzlM43Q-00188-00133008-00133744 however in 2007 it was revised into this which is a bit like a multi-colored doughnut
ax2DyzlM43Q-00189-00133800-00134512 all right and what's interesting is that a lot of it becomes service provision
ax2DyzlM43Q-00190-00134512-00135416 and personal and interpersonal components okay so all of that there the two would be developing
ax2DyzlM43Q-00191-00135416-00136096 the person developing a person able to work in business and translation in is just one part of it
ax2DyzlM43Q-00192-00136224-00136824 you could see that there but there are some underlying uh changes there in that here
ax2DyzlM43Q-00193-00136824-00137456 it's very much focused on producing a text here it's very much focused on delivering a service
ax2DyzlM43Q-00194-00137512-00137824 and talking with people and it's very interesting to to wonder
ax2DyzlM43Q-00195-00137936-00138576 why we went from one to the other and whether or not it's not just a random process of people
ax2DyzlM43Q-00196-00138576-00139256 agreeing around a table again or was there any empirical input how did it how did people get
ax2DyzlM43Q-00197-00139256-00139848 the the enlightenment needed to go from one to the other i really don't know
ax2DyzlM43Q-00198-00140088-00140736 the problem with uh multi-component models i think is that there's not enough evidence
ax2DyzlM43Q-00199-00140736-00141352 for the categories basically they're based on consensus and consensus is a valuable thing
ax2DyzlM43Q-00200-00141352-00141856 and i'm not going to deny that but it would be better to have some evidence i suggest
ax2DyzlM43Q-00201-00142096-00142864 at base they are designed to serve a profession people ask what is translation competence well
ax2DyzlM43Q-00202-00142864-00143432 it's what a professional translator has and so we're going to imitate it but nowadays we know
ax2DyzlM43Q-00203-00143432-00143992 that the people we train are going into other professions so there's that kerala type awareness
ax2DyzlM43Q-00204-00143992-00144704 of entering other communities as well which upsets much of the traditional basis of the very
ax2DyzlM43Q-00205-00144704-00145472 notion of of translation competence and there's no developmental aspect to them they don't say
ax2DyzlM43Q-00206-00145472-00145992 how you get better in something or how do you measure when you're improving that is
ax2DyzlM43Q-00207-00145992-00146496 they don't help you with what dorothy kelly calls the sequencing of activities
ax2DyzlM43Q-00208-00146728-00147528 and um they don't account for error i mean they when you're training people to go into a job
ax2DyzlM43Q-00209-00147624-00148104 you can say oh well you know little jenny there who was back in primary
ax2DyzlM43Q-00210-00148104-00148832 school learning to do the alphabet uh sheik has now got 54 instrumental competence and
ax2DyzlM43Q-00211-00148832-00149680 84 percent service provision competence or whatever uh but we don't know what error is what
ax2DyzlM43Q-00212-00149680-00150304 they can't do we've lost track of what people are not able to do and i'll return to that in a minute
ax2DyzlM43Q-00213-00150464-00151104 in sum when you produce a model like this you can't be wrong because there's no way anyone
ax2DyzlM43Q-00214-00151104-00151840 can prove that you're wrong that is there's a fairly random basis for the categories
ax2DyzlM43Q-00215-00152152-00152680 on that that's my presentation of where competence theory is in the field of translation
ax2DyzlM43Q-00216-00152680-00153472 okay i just want to give a few considerations of what we can do with the models of competence
ax2DyzlM43Q-00217-00153472-00153744 and how they can address some of the problems that we face
ax2DyzlM43Q-00218-00153864-00154448 here's a problem machine translation these days through neural machine translation
ax2DyzlM43Q-00219-00154448-00155032 is becoming very very good and it can do lots of the things that translators were doing
ax2DyzlM43Q-00220-00155136-00155656 so we could go back and look at the models of competence and and start thinking again
ax2DyzlM43Q-00221-00155736-00156320 which of those things cannot be done by a machine and those things that cannot be done by a machine
ax2DyzlM43Q-00222-00156320-00156824 that's the things i should be training people in i mean train them how to use the machine that is
ax2DyzlM43Q-00223-00156824-00157416 i train you how to do post editing or correcting machine translation but then what are the skills
ax2DyzlM43Q-00224-00157416-00158072 that are automation resistant that is cannot be done by the machine and you've got a little model
ax2DyzlM43Q-00225-00158072-00158864 here that the most automation resistant skills are those that are non-routine that is not repetitive
ax2DyzlM43Q-00226-00158864-00159480 it can't be done by a rule there are no rule books for that and a cognitive rather than manual
ax2DyzlM43Q-00227-00159592-00160296 so for example making decisions about textual strategies or how to adapt a text for a
ax2DyzlM43Q-00228-00160296-00161200 particular market or how to rewrite a text or how to win a client in a negotiation these things are
ax2DyzlM43Q-00229-00161200-00161832 obviously non-routine cognitive skills that cannot be automated and those are things that we might
ax2DyzlM43Q-00230-00161832-00162752 want to uh focus on in translation you could also put in their post editing since the machine does a
ax2DyzlM43Q-00231-00162752-00163296 lot of the work and post editing is work on the non-routine aspects that have to be corrected
ax2DyzlM43Q-00232-00163536-00164536 with that we can go back actually to this this shift from 2003 to 2017 in this model and what
ax2DyzlM43Q-00233-00164536-00165160 we find here is that the added weight given to personal and interpersonal and service dimension
ax2DyzlM43Q-00234-00165240-00165784 okay all that there and if you like the cultural element they are actually beefing up
ax2DyzlM43Q-00235-00165856-00166544 the percentage of automation resistance skills so i think although i don't know how they got
ax2DyzlM43Q-00236-00166544-00167304 from one to the other i think the way they're going makes sense historically as a response
ax2DyzlM43Q-00237-00167304-00167864 to machine translation but that's something i would really love to see justified empirically
ax2DyzlM43Q-00238-00168056-00168640 here's my second consideration we have a growing body of research
ax2DyzlM43Q-00239-00168760-00169264 done by people who look at the way translators translate that is they look at translator
ax2DyzlM43Q-00240-00169264-00170016 cognition and they compare experts with novices okay and this is one of them i'm i'm taking this
ax2DyzlM43Q-00241-00170016-00170792 basic list from uh england to dimitrov that's her book there notice she focuses on expertise
ax2DyzlM43Q-00242-00170792-00171320 uh rather than on on competence but expertise is that notion where
ax2DyzlM43Q-00243-00171320-00171888 where we look at what people get better at how do they become experts and there's quite a few
ax2DyzlM43Q-00244-00171888-00172504 things we can say and we have actual data to justify it so they all take the form the
ax2DyzlM43Q-00245-00172504-00173312 more experienced the translator the more they use paraphrase process large units review their work
ax2DyzlM43Q-00246-00173384-00173960 look at the translation more than at the st process top down rather than bottom up
ax2DyzlM43Q-00247-00174032-00174432 refer to the translation purpose that's a bit of scope boss theory coming in there
ax2DyzlM43Q-00248-00174528-00175024 rely on the knowledge that they've got in their head rather than what they're going to go and find
ax2DyzlM43Q-00249-00175024-00175600 by googling around the place they can talk about their work more they have more personal theories
ax2DyzlM43Q-00250-00175680-00176368 and they make references to the client okay um i'll deal with these things elsewhere i just want
ax2DyzlM43Q-00251-00176368-00177128 to show that there are things that we do know about expertise and that this i think should be
ax2DyzlM43Q-00252-00177224-00177952 a basis for how we think about competence but it hasn't been done people have thought
ax2DyzlM43Q-00253-00177952-00178808 competence is one thing whereas these are really procedures cognitive activities they are closer
ax2DyzlM43Q-00254-00178808-00179448 to the smaller things that we would still want to term skills i think okay the most interesting is
ax2DyzlM43Q-00255-00179448-00180104 is the last one here and i've i've mentioned this before probably uh that that the more experienced
ax2DyzlM43Q-00256-00180104-00180944 translators uh work on the big problems uh and and work very quickly on the little problems that they
ax2DyzlM43Q-00257-00180944-00181672 have a different way of of uh distributing their effort so i i just leave that there i think that
ax2DyzlM43Q-00258-00181672-00182272 there's a whole lot of knowledge there that we're not drawing on and we could draw on to rethink
ax2DyzlM43Q-00259-00182344-00182800 the nature of translation competence if we still want to use that term
ax2DyzlM43Q-00260-00183168-00184256 consideration number three uh i think that if we are training people in what's called a terminal
ax2DyzlM43Q-00261-00184256-00184832 degree like this is the end of your education folks because next year you're going to be working
ax2DyzlM43Q-00262-00184928-00185552 and this is it this is there's no namby pamby stuff you've got to get out there and work and
ax2DyzlM43Q-00263-00185552-00186240 you've got to be good i think that if we're in a terminal degree we might have to go back to some
ax2DyzlM43Q-00264-00186240-00186864 kind of deficit pedagogy and start thinking about what you can't do and what you've got to learn
ax2DyzlM43Q-00265-00186960-00187696 quickly now ana lafever did this in a doctoral thesis it's on intergovernmental
ax2DyzlM43Q-00266-00187696-00188176 organizations basically the united nations but she also looked at the european union
ax2DyzlM43Q-00267-00188288-00189096 and when you go into the united nations for two years as a novice translator there you have your
ax2DyzlM43Q-00268-00189096-00189896 work corrected by a reviser so what she did was uh go to the revisers with a questionnaire
ax2DyzlM43Q-00269-00189896-00190384 and had a list of i think 42 or so a long long list of skills she called them skills
ax2DyzlM43Q-00270-00190504-00191096 and they asked them which of these are the most frequent things you correct and then which of
ax2DyzlM43Q-00271-00191096-00191736 these are the most important and you've got lists of skills in accordance with their their
ax2DyzlM43Q-00272-00191824-00192520 here put together importance and you can see that at the top of the list in both cases
ax2DyzlM43Q-00273-00192632-00193456 we have the core skills of translation the ability to write well the ability to to construe a text
ax2DyzlM43Q-00274-00193456-00194168 well uh capture nuances okay language skills are the things that they're looking for the most
ax2DyzlM43Q-00275-00194232-00194584 or more to the point the things they are missing the most
ax2DyzlM43Q-00276-00194728-00195616 so this is is a caveat it's a warning we may be going towards interpersonal business type skills
ax2DyzlM43Q-00277-00195696-00196272 because we see machine translation approaching us but at the same time if we are training people
ax2DyzlM43Q-00278-00196272-00197016 for this kind of organization what they want at the top are very very high level language skills
ax2DyzlM43Q-00279-00197120-00197672 uh by the way in both cases technology is right down the bottom of the list for a
ax2DyzlM43Q-00280-00197672-00198288 very simple reason when you get a job with these organizations they train you in their technology
ax2DyzlM43Q-00281-00198440-00199224 i'm afraid i have no corresponding information on the um skills required of official translators
ax2DyzlM43Q-00282-00199224-00200128 in china that might be an interesting doctoral thesis for someone to do number four consideration
ax2DyzlM43Q-00283-00200128-00200744 uh this is my little bit okay in some of the literature there if you go through
ax2DyzlM43Q-00284-00200744-00201456 and read up about translation competence you might find references to a minimalist
ax2DyzlM43Q-00285-00201536-00202480 approach which is there in 1991 and this is a very simple model it says that uh translation
ax2DyzlM43Q-00286-00202480-00203000 competence i still used the term back then i don't think i want to use it anymore but let's let's go
ax2DyzlM43Q-00287-00203000-00203608 with it translation competence i could just say it's the combination of two skills and these are
ax2DyzlM43Q-00288-00203608-00204344 skills right the ability to generate a series of more than one viable text translation tt1 okay
ax2DyzlM43Q-00289-00204408-00204967 for a pertinent start text so you've got a text you're working on there's a problem there
ax2DyzlM43Q-00290-00205032-00205448 just trying to solve the problem you say oh it could be translated like this this this or this
ax2DyzlM43Q-00291-00205528-00205984 and if you can do that you're halfway home that's what a translator can do and then the
ax2DyzlM43Q-00292-00205984-00206800 second one the ability to select only one viable uh translation from this series okay so quickly i
ax2DyzlM43Q-00293-00206800-00207416 can say i'm going to go with that one and not the others quickly speed is part of it and then with
ax2DyzlM43Q-00294-00207416-00207976 confidence because that's what i see translators developing as they become better and better
ax2DyzlM43Q-00295-00207976-00208648 they simply become more confident and they can incorporate ethical criteria into their choices
ax2DyzlM43Q-00296-00208728-00209504 okay now that's a minimalist definition why do i want to defend it well i think the multi-component
ax2DyzlM43Q-00297-00209504-00210240 models as we've said before have no end and the losing track of what translation is i suspect
ax2DyzlM43Q-00298-00210440-00210792 this model at least concerns translation and nothing but
ax2DyzlM43Q-00299-00210792-00211512 translation if afterwards you want to add anything else in or see translators going on
ax2DyzlM43Q-00300-00211512-00212119 and entering any other kind of professional community that's great why not but if we're
ax2DyzlM43Q-00301-00212119-00212648 talking about translation competence hey this is the translation part of it i suggest
ax2DyzlM43Q-00302-00212896-00213464 it can address the problem of machine translation because machine translation is doing the first bit
ax2DyzlM43Q-00303-00213464-00214352 well and can be used to help us do it better but the selection process is done badly by the machine
ax2DyzlM43Q-00304-00214352-00215096 and that's where we enter as people who use language at a very very high level so machines
ax2DyzlM43Q-00305-00215096-00215784 are on the first bit the generative bit the human skills come in the second bit with a selective bit
ax2DyzlM43Q-00306-00216048-00216752 the model i didn't say this in 1991 but but these days i'm i'm interested in in the studies
ax2DyzlM43Q-00307-00216752-00217544 of translators personality particularly of an idea that translators have a high tolerance
ax2DyzlM43Q-00308-00217544-00218176 of ambiguity this means that people who are not perfectionists who don't get upset about
ax2DyzlM43Q-00309-00218176-00218976 categories that leak into other categories and can remain calm under crises okay that's called
ax2DyzlM43Q-00310-00218976-00219671 tolerance of ambiguity it's associated with with the with good language learning skills as well and
ax2DyzlM43Q-00311-00219671-00220376 i think that somebody who can do this very quickly is doing uh performing a task for which there are
ax2DyzlM43Q-00312-00220376-00221167 no rules that's it's it's underdetermined it's an indeterminate activity i should say there are
ax2DyzlM43Q-00313-00221167-00221784 no rules for which one you select when there are rules as i say before it's terminology or grammar
ax2DyzlM43Q-00314-00221864-00222640 you need a certain ability to have um to tolerate tolerate uncertainty i think is what i would
ax2DyzlM43Q-00315-00222640-00223344 say instead of ambiguity but ambiguity is the traditional term in uh in psychology
ax2DyzlM43Q-00316-00223671-00224384 these days i would also say that this minimalist focus on translation highlights a
ax2DyzlM43Q-00317-00224384-00225000 kind of language competence or skill that can be taught in a language class
ax2DyzlM43Q-00318-00225088-00225800 that is if in a language class you recognize still the four basic skills and you want to add a fifth
ax2DyzlM43Q-00319-00225800-00226671 one called mediation or translation this is what that fifth skill might look like might look like
ax2DyzlM43Q-00320-00226752-00227480 it also helps us distinguish translation from the free flow mixing of languages that we have in
ax2DyzlM43Q-00321-00227480-00228352 trans languaging for example without tying it to the restrictive notion of word for word or phrase
ax2DyzlM43Q-00322-00228352-00229032 for phrase replacement this is a very creative process that should be appreciated as such
ax2DyzlM43Q-00323-00229200-00229736 and that's what we have to say about translation competence
aCcHnoUwj3o-00000-00001284-00001988 Hi, I'm Susan Jaster with Lincoln University and I am a farm outreach worker we're here in Independence, Missouri
aCcHnoUwj3o-00001-00002221-00003021 Basically our project was about cover crops and soil health and we wanted to use goats because goats have a
aCcHnoUwj3o-00002-00003021-00003221 difficult time gaining weight in
aCcHnoUwj3o-00003-00003330-00003866 Stressful times of the year when the weather is bad. So when it's really too hot or when it's too cold, so
aCcHnoUwj3o-00004-00003994-00004485 we had three farmers ranchers that wanted to
aCcHnoUwj3o-00005-00004632-00005015 Improve their soil and feed their goats and get them to
aCcHnoUwj3o-00006-00005103-00005303 improve with their weight gain, so
aCcHnoUwj3o-00007-00005359-00006038 We took soil samples and we planted cover crops - four different plantings throughout two years.
aCcHnoUwj3o-00008-00006105-00006347 We tried to do plantings for
aCcHnoUwj3o-00009-00006405-00006788 hot weather and plantings for cold weather so they could graze in the wintertime
aCcHnoUwj3o-00010-00006795-00007322 And in the summertime when most goats are laying in the shade just surviving
aCcHnoUwj3o-00011-00007459-00008079 we wanted to use cover crops that would improve on their numbers in their soil sample and
aCcHnoUwj3o-00012-00008148-00008372 By using cover crops, we found that
aCcHnoUwj3o-00013-00008470-00008936 We could improve active carbon not only from season to season but from year to year
aCcHnoUwj3o-00014-00008989-00009779 And our cover crops were broadcast on to perennial pastures and we had side by side plots of whatever their perennial
aCcHnoUwj3o-00015-00009781-00010143 pasture was a 50 by 50 plot and the plot next to it was
aCcHnoUwj3o-00016-00010213-00010413 had cover crops
aCcHnoUwj3o-00017-00010417-00010617 broadcast onto it and
aCcHnoUwj3o-00018-00010629-00010955 Each time we planted we saw more cover crops
aCcHnoUwj3o-00019-00011134-00011364 Visually could see them and we
aCcHnoUwj3o-00020-00011434-00011615 Because goats like to eat with their head up
aCcHnoUwj3o-00021-00011615-00012146 we also wanted to have tall cover crops so they would be able to have some browse and
aCcHnoUwj3o-00022-00012268-00012468 Seems like we had really good results
aCcHnoUwj3o-00023-00012568-00012941 improving the soil from season to season but year to year and
aCcHnoUwj3o-00024-00013009-00013364 We had an average of a pound and a half gain for the goat
aCcHnoUwj3o-00025-00013491-00013691 average over the three farms
aCcHnoUwj3o-00026-00013719-00014036 Plus one thing that we did it
aCcHnoUwj3o-00027-00014125-00014266 expect
aCcHnoUwj3o-00028-00014266-00014541 because we were adding cover crops is that
aCcHnoUwj3o-00029-00014656-00015125 We had to measure the plots to make sure there would be enough food in the plot
aCcHnoUwj3o-00030-00015195-00015767 For the three to five days that they the goats would be in there. So what we did was
aCcHnoUwj3o-00031-00015844-00016033 we took a
aCcHnoUwj3o-00032-00016033-00016601 grazing stick and measured all that and by the end of the whole
aCcHnoUwj3o-00033-00016687-00017058 Project we found out that by adding cover crops
aCcHnoUwj3o-00034-00017143-00017403 annuals in on a perennial pasture
aCcHnoUwj3o-00035-00017403-00018119 It would double our days of grazing as opposed to just perennial pastures. So that was really the the
aCcHnoUwj3o-00036-00018253-00018851 Unexpected find on our project. I'm Jeff Harrington. I'm the farm manager at drum Center for children
aCcHnoUwj3o-00037-00018959-00019159 we're in Independence, Missouri we have
aCcHnoUwj3o-00038-00019182-00019351 47 acre farm
aCcHnoUwj3o-00039-00019351-00019682 we do raise sheep and goats and hogs and
aCcHnoUwj3o-00040-00019738-00019938 children we have
aCcHnoUwj3o-00041-00020010-00020597 Children that are here in our foster care and our homeless and aging out of foster care program
aCcHnoUwj3o-00042-00020641-00020841 They work on the farm with us
aCcHnoUwj3o-00043-00020995-00021420 We used sorghum Sudan we used cow peas
aCcHnoUwj3o-00044-00021582-00022289 Driller radishes we use turnips and beets and I also added some chicory into mine
aCcHnoUwj3o-00045-00022441-00022641 It was a very nice mixture
aCcHnoUwj3o-00046-00022873-00023172 The soil improvement was amazing
aCcHnoUwj3o-00047-00023172-00023547 I couldn't believe the difference in the soil in just one season
aCcHnoUwj3o-00048-00023547-00023988 And so I don't know what it'll be like ten years from now
aCcHnoUwj3o-00049-00024060-00024482 But our soil health has come up things that we noticed
aCcHnoUwj3o-00050-00024570-00024887 outside of how it helped the soil and things was I
aCcHnoUwj3o-00051-00024945-00025403 Didn't have to D worm my stock as often
aCcHnoUwj3o-00052-00025404-00025883 Our parasite counts went down and I think that that's an added benefit
aCcHnoUwj3o-00053-00026030-00026230 We've taken one field that
aCcHnoUwj3o-00054-00026273-00026652 We hadn't grown anything on having been able to grow anything art for four years
aCcHnoUwj3o-00055-00026702-00027382 we cover cropped it for a season and this year we've gotten truckloads of butternut squash off of it and
aCcHnoUwj3o-00056-00027422-00027951 Acorn squash it's amazing the difference it made in that soil in just a short period of time
aD5IqLZdV1o-00000-00000078-00000273 Better catch this Juno
aD5IqLZdV1o-00001-00000466-00000659 Good jooob
aFTR5zhrPjk-00000-00001103-00001380 Item #: SCP-1799
aFTR5zhrPjk-00001-00001380-00001534 Object Class: Safe
aFTR5zhrPjk-00002-00001534-00002027 Special Containment Procedures: SCP-1799 is to be contained in a soundproofed humanoid
aFTR5zhrPjk-00003-00002027-00002550 containment cell, with the other Misters in Hall ██ of Site-██.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00004-00002550-00002983 Personnel entering SCP-1799's cell are to be fitted with a voice canceling helmet to
aFTR5zhrPjk-00005-00002983-00003213 prevent communication with the subject.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00006-00003213-00003671 Any personnel entering or leaving SCP-1799's cell are to be thoroughly searched for any
aFTR5zhrPjk-00007-00003671-00004183 potential weapon, and SCP-1799's cell is to be thoroughly inspected once every 24 hours
aFTR5zhrPjk-00008-00004183-00004332 to check for contraband.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00009-00004332-00005269 Description: SCP-1799 is a male humanoid, approximately 1.2m tall, weighing 58kg.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00010-00005269-00005733 SCP-1799 has the physical characteristics of a generic clown.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00011-00005733-00006292 Subject is bald, skin devoid of pigmentation, a circular red nose, and elongated feet.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00012-00006292-00006706 The subject's facial pigmentation has the appearance of makeup commonly worn by circus
aFTR5zhrPjk-00013-00006706-00006840 performers.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00014-00006840-00007309 The words "Mr. Laugh, from Little Misters ® by Dr. Wondertainment" are tattooed upon
aFTR5zhrPjk-00015-00007309-00007592 SCP-1799's lower back.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00016-00007592-00008022 This designation appears as "3" in Document SCP-909-a.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00017-00008022-00008720 Anything that SCP-1799 says to a person will be interpreted by that person as a joke.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00018-00008720-00009147 The longer the subject speaks to the person, the funnier the "jokes" will become, until
aFTR5zhrPjk-00019-00009147-00009398 the subject is overcome by laughter.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00020-00009398-00009877 Due to this fact, it is extremely difficult to communicate with SCP-1799.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00021-00009877-00010236 The only known way to communicate with the subject is through written word, as this does
aFTR5zhrPjk-00022-00010236-00010521 not activate the effect.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00023-00010521-00010930 In addition, SCP-1799 is able to perform several anomalous actions.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00024-00010930-00011486 SCP-1799 has no control over these abilities, and they appear to be involuntary, painful,
aFTR5zhrPjk-00025-00011486-00011589 and random.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00026-00011589-00011950 They are usually similar to actions that would be performed by circus performers who were
aFTR5zhrPjk-00027-00011950-00012220 using props, including:
aFTR5zhrPjk-00028-00012220-00012446 Removal and reattachment of limbs.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00029-00012446-00012760 Squirting water out of a flower attached to its chest cavity.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00030-00012760-00013366 Pulling a string of colored cloth out of its mouth, with the longest string measuring 45.2m.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00031-00013366-00013643 Extruding colored smoke from several orifices.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00032-00013643-00014381 This interview was conducted during SCP-1799's initial containment processing.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00033-00014381-00014531 Interviewed: SCP-1799
aFTR5zhrPjk-00034-00014531-00014658 Interviewer: Dr. B███
aFTR5zhrPjk-00035-00014658-00015054 Foreword: This interview was done to confirm SCP-1799's anomalous properties.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00036-00015054-00015154 <Begin Log>
aFTR5zhrPjk-00037-00015154-00015312 Dr. B███: Please state your name.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00038-00015312-00015412 SCP-1799: Sure.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00039-00015412-00015531 They call me…
aFTR5zhrPjk-00040-00015531-00015631 Mr. Laugh.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00041-00015631-00015886 Dr. B███: [Begins laughing] Seriously?
aFTR5zhrPjk-00042-00015886-00016001 That's hilarious.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00043-00016001-00016106 SCP-1799: It isn't that funny.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00044-00016106-00016458 Dr. B███: [Continues to laugh] Man, you are a riot!
aFTR5zhrPjk-00045-00016458-00016783 SCP-1799: Please… stop laughing at me.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00046-00016783-00016883 It…
aFTR5zhrPjk-00047-00016883-00017409 (Dr. B███ begins to laugh hysterically, pounding on the table)
aFTR5zhrPjk-00048-00017409-00017509 SCP-1799: It hurts…
aFTR5zhrPjk-00049-00017509-00017642 <End Log>
aFTR5zhrPjk-00050-00017642-00018459 ADDENDUM 1799-A: During an experiment on ██/██/20██, SCP-1799 began yelling at D-9023.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00051-00018459-00018918 The subject began laughing incessantly, and, in his distracted state, tripped and suffered
aFTR5zhrPjk-00052-00018918-00019265 a severe head injury, which proved to be fatal.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00053-00019265-00019894 SCP-1799 became noticeably withdrawn and sullen following the event, leading to SCP-1799's
aFTR5zhrPjk-00054-00019894-00020093 first suicide attempt.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00055-00020093-00020574 As of ██/██/20██, SCP-1799 has been put on suicide watch.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00056-00020574-00021218 ADDENDUM 1799-B: This note was found on SCP-1799's person during initial containment.
aFTR5zhrPjk-00057-00021218-00021318 Wow!
aFTR5zhrPjk-00058-00021318-00021781 You've just found yourself your very own Little Mister, a limited edition collection from
aFTR5zhrPjk-00059-00021781-00021893 Dr. Wondertainment!
aFTR5zhrPjk-00060-00021893-00022172 Find them all and become Mr. Collector!!
aFTR5zhrPjk-00061-00022172-00022392 Mr. Chameleon Mr. Headless
aFTR5zhrPjk-00062-00022392-00022693 Mr. Laugh ✔ Mr. Forgetful
aFTR5zhrPjk-00063-00022693-00022898 Mr. Shapey Mr. Soap
aFTR5zhrPjk-00064-00022898-00023054 Mr. Hungry Mr. Brass
aFTR5zhrPjk-00065-00023054-00023287 Mr. Hot Ms. Sweetie
aFTR5zhrPjk-00066-00023287-00023565 Mr. Life and Mr. Death Mr. Fish
aFTR5zhrPjk-00067-00023565-00023886 Mr. Moon Mr. Redd (discontinued)
aFTR5zhrPjk-00068-00023886-00024034 Mr. Money Mr. Lost
aFTR5zhrPjk-00069-00024034-00024207 Mr. Lie Mr. Mad
aFTR5zhrPjk-00070-00024207-00024418 Mr. Scary Mr. Stripes
aGcKiIV81KY-00000-00000008-00000362 En El Salvador, los jueces postergaron la resolución sobre la liberación de una mujer
aGcKiIV81KY-00001-00000362-00000740 que fue sentenciada a 30 años de prisión tras dar a luz a un feto sin vida.
aGcKiIV81KY-00002-00000740-00001298 En 2008, Teodora del Carmen Vásquez fue hallada culpable de inducir intencionalmente el aborto,
aGcKiIV81KY-00003-00001298-00001714 luego de entrar en trabajo de parto en su lugar de trabajo, intentar llamar a una ambulancia
aGcKiIV81KY-00004-00001714-00002000 sin éxito y desmayarse en el suelo de un baño tras sufrir un aborto espontáneo.
aGcKiIV81KY-00005-00002000-00002292 Estas son las palabras de Teodora del Carmen Vásquez, quien el viernes habló en una audiencia
aGcKiIV81KY-00006-00002292-00002506 judicial en San Salvador.
aGcKiIV81KY-00007-00002506-00002854 “Que me concedan mi libertad.
aGcKiIV81KY-00008-00002854-00003778 Que me concedan mi libertad porque soy inocente, porque tengo familia por quien luchar.
aGcKiIV81KY-00009-00003778-00004140 Porque tengo gente que me quiere y que necesitan que esté con ellos”.
aGcKiIV81KY-00010-00004140-00004456 Vásquez recibió el apoyo de agrupaciones defensoras de derechos humanos, entre ellas
aGcKiIV81KY-00011-00004456-00004824 Amnistía Internacional, que advierte que su apelación por una liberación anticipada
aGcKiIV81KY-00012-00004824-00005214 está siendo considerada por los mismos jueces que la sentenciaron a 30 años de prisión
aGcKiIV81KY-00013-00005214-00005396 hace casi diez años.
aIgaMT2_Q6g-00000-00001456-00002160 it's not good. it's just me, and it can easily change.
aIK5VutNy98-00000-00007297-00007397 <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
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aptfiVXyIpU-00000-00000021-00000759 My name is Reem Hashmi. I moved to Canada in middle school, and I just recently graduated
aptfiVXyIpU-00001-00000759-00001398 high school. I was born and raised in Dubai, and that we moved to Canada from Dubai. I
aptfiVXyIpU-00002-00001398-00002133 started taking business electives in grade 9, and I really enjoyed them. And around grade 11,
aptfiVXyIpU-00003-00002133-00002646 I also was taking accounting and economics simultaneously, and I just realised I
aptfiVXyIpU-00004-00002646-00003408 enjoyed that more. And I was better at it. I got accepted to University of Guelph and UTM. And it
aptfiVXyIpU-00005-00003408-00003879 was all for their accounting or the Business Administration programs. My cousin - she's
aptfiVXyIpU-00006-00003879-00004593 in Dubai, and she pursued her ACCA, and she told me the length of the program and stuff,
aptfiVXyIpU-00007-00004593-00005277 and I was very intrigued. I found Toronto School of Management. And I they're the only
aptfiVXyIpU-00008-00005277-00006090 School in Canada that do all 14 - all 13 now - 13 papers. TSoM - I reached out to Cecilia,
aptfiVXyIpU-00009-00006090-00006881 and she was able to answer all my questions about costs and like, if I get a student ID because I
aptfiVXyIpU-00010-00006881-00007551 need that for commuting. I decided to write three papers, so that means I have classes three days
aptfiVXyIpU-00011-00007551-00008250 a week. The class sizes are very nice. They're small, and it increases our learning experience
aptfiVXyIpU-00012-00008250-00008922 because the profs make sure that everyone in class understands before moving on. If I'm able to have
aptfiVXyIpU-00013-00008922-00009672 a part-time job and have a school structure and still come to classes and stay on track. Profs
aptfiVXyIpU-00014-00009672-00010242 that are teaching these courses - they're very knowledgeable in the area. The location of the
aptfiVXyIpU-00015-00010242-00010650 school is in the middle of downtown. There's a lot of ways to get here. I'm really enjoying
aptfiVXyIpU-00016-00010650-00011217 the classes and the class structures. And so I'm only writing three papers at the time,
aptfiVXyIpU-00017-00011217-00011877 so I only have classes three days a week, which means I can make my own study schedule and work
aptfiVXyIpU-00018-00011877-00012367 schedule. The rest of the week - most of the time I know 90 percent of the material before
aptfiVXyIpU-00019-00012367-00013138 I leave class. So that helps how fast I am able to finish my homework. If I am given the opportunity
aptfiVXyIpU-00020-00013138-00013894 to go global with my work, I would love that. And ACCA provides that option because they're
aptfiVXyIpU-00021-00013894-00014485 recognized in so many countries. It's not just Canada, and it's not just the UK. It's so many
aptfiVXyIpU-00022-00014485-00015112 more. And if I could travel and work in different company and countries, that would be really cool.
apxqGhjF1Ek-00000-00000088-00000792 i, i lost three subscribers while i was checking my youtube on my laptop. i found that i was doing
apxqGhjF1Ek-00001-00000792-00001328 five subscribers previously. now i have 202, i don't know what to call this,
apxqGhjF1Ek-00002-00001328-00001592 but it must have been because of people unsubscribing from my channel.
aPcz_Z2fg9A-00000-00000000-00000200 SE INSCREVA NO CANAL 
aPcz_Z2fg9A-00001-00000200-00000400 SUBSCREVA 
aTMdO35Q5D8-00000-00000000-00000131 *Step* *Step* *Step* *Step*
aTMdO35Q5D8-00001-00000161-00000269 *Step* *Step* *Step*
aTMdO35Q5D8-00002-00000269-00000367 Player: What a nice day!
aTMdO35Q5D8-00003-00000367-00000468 Brother: Yeah!
aTMdO35Q5D8-00004-00000605-00000780 *Thinks quietly*
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aTMdO35Q5D8-00006-00000830-00000999 BOOOooOOooOOooOOOOOoooOoOm *Bomb explodes*
aTMdO35Q5D8-00007-00001045-00001095 Thats a lot of damage
aTMdO35Q5D8-00008-00001200-00001250 Whoosh
aTMdO35Q5D8-00009-00001419-00001469 Oh no :(
aTMdO35Q5D8-00010-00001571-00001637 Brother: HELP :(
aTMdO35Q5D8-00011-00001850-00002614 *Intense gameplay*
aTMdO35Q5D8-00012-00003173-00003350 Save your brother
aTMdO35Q5D8-00013-00003509-00003669 And die *lol who wrote this wtf*
aTMdO35Q5D8-00014-00003896-00003946 Oh what?
aTMdO35Q5D8-00015-00003946-00003996 *Glitches*
aTMdO35Q5D8-00016-00004033-00004083 *Light turns off*
aTMdO35Q5D8-00017-00004273-00004323 Oh what?
aTMdO35Q5D8-00018-00004364-00004483 Sheesh there is more than just boring gameplay
aTMdO35Q5D8-00019-00004776-00004850 Oh no he angry
aTMdO35Q5D8-00020-00005275-00005427 NOO WHAT HAPPEND NEXT?!?!?!
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aTMdO35Q5D8-00023-00005871-00005921 Bye
aUmxZgRHGHA-00000-00001725-00002183 Hey, well welcome to our next presentation. We're pleased to have curtis Millsap
aUmxZgRHGHA-00001-00002183-00002459 He is a vegetable producer from Southwest
aUmxZgRHGHA-00002-00002459-00003187 Missouri specifically the Springfield area and he's going to be talking with us about trying to extend the vegetable growing season
aUmxZgRHGHA-00003-00003234-00003626 With quick low cost hoops so curtis
aUmxZgRHGHA-00004-00004110-00004275 alright, so [I'm]
aUmxZgRHGHA-00005-00004275-00004879 just so I know who I'm talking to how many of you already grow vegetables under low Tom lowe hoops a
aUmxZgRHGHA-00006-00004917-00005201 Little Little three-foot-tall hoops more or less some of you
aUmxZgRHGHA-00007-00005289-00005629 So my research was focused specifically on how to set those up
aUmxZgRHGHA-00008-00005765-00005892 efficiently and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00009-00005892-00006647 Economically, and then keep them there which turned out through my that's in my environment at least that's the biggest challenge wind but so first
aUmxZgRHGHA-00010-00006647-00007063 I'm going to give you a little bit of a snapshot of what we do otherwise to protect our crops and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00011-00007086-00007636 Why that led us to looking at low tunnels, so this is a nice kind of panoramic shot of our farm
aUmxZgRHGHA-00012-00007636-00007852 We've got 20 acres two acres of vegetables
aUmxZgRHGHA-00013-00007995-00008551 We focus in on High-value crops a lot of salad crops tomatoes squash that sort of thing
aUmxZgRHGHA-00014-00008598-00009061 We don't mess with winter squash anymore. We've pretty much dropped doing potatoes and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00015-00009177-00009716 There's probably a couple other big area crops that we've just kind of said we can't afford to do those with the labor pool
aUmxZgRHGHA-00016-00009716-00010042 We have guys with big tractors and big acreage is doing better
aUmxZgRHGHA-00017-00010137-00010337 This is my family. [I] have a lot of help
aUmxZgRHGHA-00018-00010404-00010712 In five years right now not so much
aUmxZgRHGHA-00019-00011256-00011522 you act like you know what I'm talking about, so we
aUmxZgRHGHA-00020-00011595-00012011 This is a kind of an overview over a shot of our farm the year, we bought it
aUmxZgRHGHA-00021-00012065-00012263 And what I'm the reason?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00022-00012263-00012665 I show you that is I want you to look at all the green space and see this is now
aUmxZgRHGHA-00023-00012665-00013270 And I apologize for the perspective change, but what we've done is we have progressively added more covered space
aUmxZgRHGHA-00024-00013298-00013516 we realize that we get higher quality and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00025-00013611-00014224 Better Yields out of those covered spaces than we can ever do out in the field so but the limitation on us at
aUmxZgRHGHA-00026-00014225-00014474 There's two limitations on adding more space under cover
aUmxZgRHGHA-00027-00014565-00014777 One is cost that's an obvious one
aUmxZgRHGHA-00028-00014777-00015374 it costs a lot of money to put up tunnel even with a grant it still costs money and and it costs a lot of
aUmxZgRHGHA-00029-00015413-00016016 Labor which is the other limiting factor on us right now. Land. I feel like we still have not reached the point where we are
aUmxZgRHGHA-00030-00016071-00016721 Utilizing our land as effectively and efficiently as we can but but the capital and the labor are both issues for us
aUmxZgRHGHA-00031-00016779-00017051 So why are we protecting crops? I hit on that a little bit
aUmxZgRHGHA-00032-00017151-00017573 Better Yield better quality, but the other thing is this happens
aUmxZgRHGHA-00033-00017724-00018482 things are going along so nicely it's warm and cozy and then it starts icing and snowing and then this happens to your crops and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00034-00018531-00018908 This happens to your shoes. This was actually the end of may last year
aUmxZgRHGHA-00035-00018908-00019199 we had this did this all may last year and then stopped and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00036-00019305-00019633 for a long time and this happens and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00037-00019698-00020242 [that] causes this and this could also represent insect damage, which we you know it's a big issue
aUmxZgRHGHA-00038-00020286-00020749 we do grow organically and we're not certified, but we try and use organic practices, so
aUmxZgRHGHA-00039-00020832-00021024 So we deal with a lot of pest issues
aUmxZgRHGHA-00040-00021024-00021557 And of course we want to we have some organic pesticides that'll work against things like squash bugs
aUmxZgRHGHA-00041-00021557-00021805 We'd rather not use them it's easier if we can exclude them
aUmxZgRHGHA-00042-00021939-00022348 So one option for for covering crops is this is our big hi to our big greenhouse
aUmxZgRHGHA-00043-00022349-00022624 It's a structural greenhouse it's 30 years old
aUmxZgRHGHA-00044-00022674-00022841 It's showing its age a little bit
aUmxZgRHGHA-00045-00022841-00023443 But really I don't see any reason why I won't go for another 30 years the metal structure is real sound it was a heavy-duty
aUmxZgRHGHA-00046-00023451-00023651 greenhouse when it was put in and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00047-00023763-00024193 It's 6,000 square feet here's when we had the plastic off one side a couple years ago
aUmxZgRHGHA-00048-00024194-00024449 You kind of see how its laid out inside
aUmxZgRHGHA-00049-00024507-00025004 We're constantly figuring out ways to maximize our space in there because it's a very expensive space
aUmxZgRHGHA-00050-00025107-00025739 fortunately when we bought the farm it was basically it [was] it was more or less devalued because
aUmxZgRHGHA-00051-00025788-00026258 Where we live our 20 acres couldn't see that real clearly in the in [the] overhead picture
aUmxZgRHGHA-00052-00026258-00026770 But we're surrounded by suburbs, so people who buy farms and our neighborhood bulldoze them down and build houses
aUmxZgRHGHA-00053-00026820-00027325 so when we bought our farm it was really valued for the land which is great because we wanted a farm and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00054-00027395-00028094 And so we got this greenhouse. I won't say for free, but we didn't exactly have to pay for it, so
aUmxZgRHGHA-00055-00028164-00028378 We do some heat in our green we have
aUmxZgRHGHA-00056-00028400-00028792 These are the kind of representative of the two different ways that we heat our greenhouse?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00057-00028792-00029134 We do have wood heat and we have a little bit of propane. We no longer use
aUmxZgRHGHA-00058-00029198-00029539 Forced air propane heaters. That's just too expensive. It's too much risk
aUmxZgRHGHA-00059-00029612-00029735 economically for us
aUmxZgRHGHA-00060-00029735-00030442 But we do still use a propane hot water heater an in-demand to heat our seedling tables some and then this this
aUmxZgRHGHA-00061-00030494-00030895 Barrel has also hooked up to to heat water for that seedling table
aUmxZgRHGHA-00062-00030911-00031276 So a greenhouse is heated we get some pretty amazing crops out of there
aUmxZgRHGHA-00063-00031276-00031696 this is a bed of Choy and lettuce a couple of [February's] ago, and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00064-00031790-00032398 And it's a real pleasant environment to work in it is very demanding because everything has to maximize the space
aUmxZgRHGHA-00065-00032398-00032598 that's and everything has to get vertical and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00066-00032600-00032675 you know
aUmxZgRHGHA-00067-00032675-00033301 Cucumbers grow fast enough [you] try and keep them growing up a string and then suddenly it's you can't you can't trellis them fast enough?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00068-00033301-00033452 to keep them happy so
aUmxZgRHGHA-00069-00033452-00033847 So it's very labor-intensive, but that's because it's so capital intensive
aUmxZgRHGHA-00070-00033847-00034276 This is the most valuable real estate on the farm second second place is our high Tunnel
aUmxZgRHGHA-00071-00034276-00034648 And we've got now between our high tunnels and greenhouses
aUmxZgRHGHA-00072-00034648-00035023 we've got almost 10,000 square feet so get about 4,000 square feet of high Tunnels and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00073-00035174-00035767 Every chance we get to add one. We keep we do it because the quality we can get is so high plus it
aUmxZgRHGHA-00074-00035819-00036019 insulates our labor pool because
aUmxZgRHGHA-00075-00036053-00036706 If we have a rainy may like last year there are only really two options for working in that we can't till the soil
aUmxZgRHGHA-00076-00036719-00036934 We can do no till and we did some of that
aUmxZgRHGHA-00077-00036968-00037300 But we can also work in our tunnels the weather still finding the tunnel
aUmxZgRHGHA-00078-00037300-00037720 And we have found that to be a really big advantage to coverage spaces
aUmxZgRHGHA-00079-00037862-00038338 Just another example of interior of high tunnels. We've done them all different ways we've done them no till and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00080-00038459-00038836 Aggressive till and all of Ours now our mobile. We [stopped] building
aUmxZgRHGHA-00081-00038921-00039286 Stays solitary, I mean a stationary structures everything moves
aUmxZgRHGHA-00082-00039374-00039625 Because it's too valuable to sit in one place all the time
aUmxZgRHGHA-00083-00039911-00040684 That's a little 20 x 50 tunnel our other tunnels of 30 x 96. That's this one here. This was a an NRCS Tunnel
aUmxZgRHGHA-00084-00040811-00041437 [two] great tunnel it's a zimmer [minh] from Morgan County see and we really were happy with it. We're still are very happy with it
aUmxZgRHGHA-00085-00041561-00041899 It is yeah, don't tell Nrcs that
aUmxZgRHGHA-00086-00041981-00042181 But yes, it's on skids
aUmxZgRHGHA-00087-00042251-00042529 Three by three steals kids we fabricated it ourselves
aUmxZgRHGHA-00088-00042638-00042877 figured out the dynamics of it and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00089-00042941-00043498 We're really nervous the first several windstorms, and it hasn't left. So you know that's good
aUmxZgRHGHA-00090-00043592-00043775 We do stake it down
aUmxZgRHGHA-00091-00043775-00044077 Aggressively, we put t posts in and we shove them in with the tractor
aUmxZgRHGHA-00092-00044077-00044494 And then we pound them in as deep as we did them before they get to solid rock which is not that far in our
aUmxZgRHGHA-00093-00044513-00044917 Area but it's deep enough. They kind of crammed themselves in there, so
aUmxZgRHGHA-00094-00045029-00045391 So far it is not not. It hasn't even really budged
aUmxZgRHGHA-00095-00045461-00046099 any more than ground-mounted tunnels do and then we have these little tunnels that we've built some of as well there and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00096-00046121-00046369 What I love about tunnels is they are versatile
aUmxZgRHGHA-00097-00046427-00047047 They're they're inexpensive to build this is a little 32 x 12 tunnel the cost to us on this one was
aUmxZgRHGHA-00098-00047129-00047647 You know maybe three hundred dollars it was really cheap, and we bent all the hoops ourselves
aUmxZgRHGHA-00099-00047672-00047956 We're kind of handy that way and so that's an advantage to us
aUmxZgRHGHA-00100-00047993-00048289 But you know you got to take your advantages where you can get them so here
aUmxZgRHGHA-00101-00048289-00048655 we are moving one of those two dollies in the back like furniture Dolly or
aUmxZgRHGHA-00102-00048711-00049150 appliance Donnellys in the back with a person on each of them and a tractor pull in the front of it, so
aUmxZgRHGHA-00103-00049217-00049690 We've actually moved them down the driveway. It's kind of fun. Drive a tunnel down the driveway and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00104-00049766-00050155 Well, I said versatility is great. You know we can use them for poultry we can use them for veggies
aUmxZgRHGHA-00105-00050186-00050398 I like things that have multiple uses
aUmxZgRHGHA-00106-00050398-00050977 It's nice because if you're going to invest capital make sure it's going to work for you in the long run and that means flexibility
aUmxZgRHGHA-00107-00051098-00051379 so we started doing row cover the first year we grew and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00108-00051446-00051646 Row covers amazing
aUmxZgRHGHA-00109-00051671-00051961 It getting great results in germination frost protection
aUmxZgRHGHA-00110-00052046-00052681 It it insulates it protects keeps the moisture right up against the top of the soil where it germinates really well
aUmxZgRHGHA-00111-00052844-00053332 but once stuff starts to grow it does cause problems because it's pushing on the top of the
aUmxZgRHGHA-00112-00053357-00053809 Plants all the time so growing tips get damaged if you do is in it for frost protection
aUmxZgRHGHA-00113-00053993-00054268 We have found that anything that's resting on the plant gets frosted
aUmxZgRHGHA-00114-00054368-00054769 And so we we had to get this up off of our cover now, not all the time
aUmxZgRHGHA-00115-00054769-00055009 We do things we [just] use flat row cover on still
aUmxZgRHGHA-00116-00055067-00055267 lower value stuff
aUmxZgRHGHA-00117-00055269-00055624 And the great thing about flat row cover is you can keep it on the ground?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00118-00055710-00056150 The simplest way to do that that we found was that just to use shovels full of dirt
aUmxZgRHGHA-00119-00056175-00056369 So we'd go out lay our row cover out
aUmxZgRHGHA-00120-00056369-00056801 And we could use huge pieces of row cover that way and just walk down the row and every three feet
aUmxZgRHGHA-00121-00056801-00057193 We'd toss a shovel full of dirt, and if I was really concerned about if it was a great big piece
aUmxZgRHGHA-00122-00057194-00057565 I'd make sure that shovel load ended up back in the hole that I took it out of
aUmxZgRHGHA-00123-00057576-00058036 With row cover in between the dirt and a hole so we learned a little bit about keeping it intact
aUmxZgRHGHA-00124-00058037-00058498 And we're a hilltop farm. We're not in Kansas, but we do get a lot of wind and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00125-00058589-00059155 So we get a lot of flapping and we learned pretty early on that if it's flapping eventually it's going to leave
aUmxZgRHGHA-00126-00059180-00059380 so you better stop it flapping and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00127-00059504-00059750 So I'll show you how we accomplished that with row cover
aUmxZgRHGHA-00128-00059895-00060373 this was another issue with with flat row cover is sometimes it gets nailed to the ground and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00129-00060458-00060670 You can't harvest that as it turns out
aUmxZgRHGHA-00130-00060777-00061150 So, but you know, what was cool is when they went in the snow
aUmxZgRHGHA-00131-00061151-00061636 And ice finally melted off of this particular patch we peeled the row cover back and the plants were beautiful
aUmxZgRHGHA-00132-00061662-00062158 So you know they a little frost damage on the growing tips, but really it stored them very well
aUmxZgRHGHA-00133-00062158-00062437 and this was a huge piece we had this was a
aUmxZgRHGHA-00134-00062577-00063118 You know I remember how big this was but it was seems like 18, maybe 20 feet wide
aUmxZgRHGHA-00135-00063189-00063348 so it's and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00136-00063348-00063575 I was kind of leery about using something that big
aUmxZgRHGHA-00137-00063575-00063989 but it did turn out to be pretty simple because you only had that when you went to harvest you loosen up one side and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00138-00063989-00064161 Peel it back
aUmxZgRHGHA-00139-00064161-00064736 Now you had to wait till it wasn't blowing to defend her you'd end up with you. I do have some row cover in trees
aUmxZgRHGHA-00140-00064827-00065027 nicely decorated Trees
aUmxZgRHGHA-00141-00065052-00065332 It's very difficult to get out of a locust tree as it turns out
aUmxZgRHGHA-00142-00065415-00066067 And so this is why we're covering in the winter at least in part you know snow, and ice it's really representative
aUmxZgRHGHA-00143-00066087-00066494 What we have learned about row cover, and we didn't learn this on our own. I mean
aUmxZgRHGHA-00144-00066494-00067060 We really are modeling most of what we do after elliot Coleman, but he lives in a forest surrounded by tall trees
aUmxZgRHGHA-00145-00067061-00067546 And we don't we live on top of a hill surrounded by short trees and lots of wind
aUmxZgRHGHA-00146-00067563-00068107 what we did learn from him though [is] wind is the issue more than temperature, so you look at the
aUmxZgRHGHA-00147-00068164-00068716 Numbers on Road cover, and it's pretty discouraging. You only get like two degrees [of] frost protection. That's not much, but
aUmxZgRHGHA-00148-00068780-00069118 it blocks the wind and it keeps the moisture high in there and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00149-00069143-00069484 So the plants continue to grow you don't get a big temperature rise
aUmxZgRHGHA-00150-00069504-00069848 But in my climate that's really handy because if you get a big temperature rise
aUmxZgRHGHA-00151-00069885-00070219 Where I am in February that means you're baking your spinach
aUmxZgRHGHA-00152-00070272-00070432 Or even December last year
aUmxZgRHGHA-00153-00070432-00070957 you know we get these warm sunny days where if you have a plastic cover over something it's going to bake it and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00154-00070976-00071539 So a row cover does a nice job of self venting and keeping it warm so I mean warm enough, but not too warm
aUmxZgRHGHA-00155-00071539-00071746 So [this] is what we're going for
aUmxZgRHGHA-00156-00071807-00072007 These were rows Row covers, we built
aUmxZgRHGHA-00157-00072095-00072295 a couple years ago
aUmxZgRHGHA-00158-00072326-00072712 And this was in a pretty [good-sized] field the field length is
aUmxZgRHGHA-00159-00072827-00073333 230 240 feet long, so these were nice long tunnels, and they worked pretty well
aUmxZgRHGHA-00160-00073410-00073969 We did [have] some issues with them, and I'll show you some pictures of what what issues we dealt with but this is the Target
aUmxZgRHGHA-00161-00074067-00074239 Now you all probably any of you
aUmxZgRHGHA-00162-00074239-00074833 who've messed with low tunnels either own or have seen the little hoop bender that Johnny cells and the other places are now selling and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00163-00074906-00075367 I looked at the numbers, and I had to bet make 250 of these hoops
aUmxZgRHGHA-00164-00075383-00075667 And I thought I don't think I want to do that
aUmxZgRHGHA-00165-00075719-00076342 So so we started looking at at our options. This was this was the actually leftover stack of our pipe?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00166-00076342-00076951 we my brother, and I split a pack of 500 so actually had to make 500 250 for him 250 for me and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00167-00077132-00077506 We figured for that it was worth taking the time to figure out how to mechanize it
aUmxZgRHGHA-00168-00077529-00077917 And we wanted to end up with this as our you know a result evenly bent
aUmxZgRHGHA-00169-00078050-00078364 uniform two-bit that were that were not kinked anywhere and that
aUmxZgRHGHA-00170-00078429-00078994 We could get done in a reasonable amount of time because nobody really wants to spend three days bending hoops
aUmxZgRHGHA-00171-00079104-00079449 So what we did see how this plays?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00172-00079835-00080043 We set up a mechanized system. I
aUmxZgRHGHA-00173-00080150-00080709 may have to do that manually, but we set up a mechanized system that allowed us to
aUmxZgRHGHA-00174-00080920-00081366 To run these through a machine, so I'm going to that's what mechanized means of course
aUmxZgRHGHA-00175-00084138-00084421 So we bought a tubing bender from Harbor Freight
aUmxZgRHGHA-00176-00084717-00084977 You all can condemn me for buying things from China now
aUmxZgRHGHA-00177-00084977-00085732 I know, but that's what we could afford and so we bought a tubing bender from Harbor freight. We we installed it on a
aUmxZgRHGHA-00178-00085863-00086485 pallet so it wouldn't move while we used it and then we got out the welder and got creative and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00179-00086526-00086773 attached a drill to the end of it and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00180-00086919-00087119 Second time to charm. Maybe we'll see
aUmxZgRHGHA-00181-00087387-00087587 about automatically
aUmxZgRHGHA-00182-00087885-00088085 and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00183-00088119-00088319 So what we ended up doing was
aUmxZgRHGHA-00184-00088464-00088946 Basically hillbilly izing it and we got it to work, so we were we were pleased with that
aUmxZgRHGHA-00185-00089108-00089455 And one day, I'm going to get to show it to you. Don't worry
aUmxZgRHGHA-00186-00090171-00090388 go the other way, we'll just show it through the
aUmxZgRHGHA-00187-00091311-00091666 Yeah, we'll get it to pull up here, and then we'll see if we can center it
aUmxZgRHGHA-00188-00093154-00093354 Thousands, and I'll sell you one if you want
aUmxZgRHGHA-00189-00093670-00093926 the Harbor Freight portion of this was
aUmxZgRHGHA-00190-00094083-00094261 I
aUmxZgRHGHA-00191-00094261-00094845 Believe it was about a hundred fifty dollars that roller and we vent we've used it on much bigger tubing as well
aUmxZgRHGHA-00192-00094845-00095339 I showed you those those 30 x 12 tunnels, and we've been able to roll those with this as well
aUmxZgRHGHA-00193-00095339-00095539 So inch and a half tubing will roll with [it]
aUmxZgRHGHA-00194-00095557-00095757 in fact, it doesn't actually have
aUmxZgRHGHA-00195-00095869-00096410 Rollers that are set to go this small, but we made it. It worked it flattened them. Just slightly but it wasn't enough to matter
aUmxZgRHGHA-00196-00096481-00096726 so and then we we welded a piece of
aUmxZgRHGHA-00197-00096874-00097082 rebar to the
aUmxZgRHGHA-00198-00097227-00097427 Start this slide show again here
aUmxZgRHGHA-00199-00097827-00098192 So we welded a piece of rebar to the drive shaft of the bender
aUmxZgRHGHA-00200-00098272-00098856 We attached we just put [that] in the chuck of a heavy-duty drill. It is not a recommended use of a drill
aUmxZgRHGHA-00201-00098935-00099648 as it turns out a little high rPM really for what we want to do, but it worked and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00202-00099751-00100265 So that's that's what the mechanism looks like I would recommend attaching it to something solid
aUmxZgRHGHA-00203-00100332-00100640 Because it wants to move there's a good shot
aUmxZgRHGHA-00204-00101287-00101696 It is you have to pay attention it took two of us really being on the on it
aUmxZgRHGHA-00205-00101697-00102129 But as it comes out of the bender as long as you keep it vertical you don't get a warp so yeah
aUmxZgRHGHA-00206-00102129-00102611 We have some that. I should have taken a picture. I have some pictures of them, but they're like curlicues. You can really get
aUmxZgRHGHA-00207-00102676-00103046 Yeah, but but that's not the type. It's not we're trying to do and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00208-00103201-00103701 Yeah, so that's basically it you can see the this is a safety switch over here
aUmxZgRHGHA-00209-00103782-00104030 small girl with Hands-on triggers as
aUmxZgRHGHA-00210-00104133-00104333 in let go let go
aUmxZgRHGHA-00211-00104353-00104464 so
aUmxZgRHGHA-00212-00104464-00104631 But it went without incident
aUmxZgRHGHA-00213-00104631-00105119 It all worked quite well, and we bent 500 tubes in less than an hour
aUmxZgRHGHA-00214-00105120-00105825 I mean it was cranking it was actually so fast that it was I felt like like Lucille ball
aUmxZgRHGHA-00215-00105826-00106118 You know in the chocolate factory it just kept piling up
aUmxZgRHGHA-00216-00106119-00106736 And I I couldn't stack him up as fast as they were coming off the bender so so the issue was me. Yes again
aUmxZgRHGHA-00217-00106833-00107151 So that's what our that's our hoops these are these are now two years old
aUmxZgRHGHA-00218-00107251-00107805 We store them just leaned up in it against the tree out in the field and they seem to be lasting quite
aUmxZgRHGHA-00219-00107805-00108131 Well, I do think they'll have a lifespan because we're sticking
aUmxZgRHGHA-00220-00108192-00108566 You know galvanized metal that's not really made for ground contact into the soil
aUmxZgRHGHA-00221-00108580-00108983 But I still [think] we'll have a pretty good life span there. So here's trick number two
aUmxZgRHGHA-00222-00109003-00109358 We went out and we stuck him in the ground the first year it was september
aUmxZgRHGHA-00223-00109358-00109619 so it was dry because that's what september often is and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00224-00109734-00109946 We had a hard time getting them in the ground far enough
aUmxZgRHGHA-00225-00110014-00110582 It rained and they fell over so we went out and we stuck him back in the ground and then it rained
aUmxZgRHGHA-00226-00110634-00111303 [he] fell over again and by that time we were tired have been of sticking 500 ends into the ground
aUmxZgRHGHA-00227-00111325-00111767 By hand bending over for each one so we figured out that a pipe wrench
aUmxZgRHGHA-00228-00111883-00112323 Will fit very handily on the on the bottom there
aUmxZgRHGHA-00229-00112323-00113009 Oh, I guess I have another shot of it, but pipe wrench fits on the on the on the emt. It's electric
aUmxZgRHGHA-00230-00113009-00113223 It's metal conduit half inch metal conduit
aUmxZgRHGHA-00231-00113233-00113355 You just adjust it
aUmxZgRHGHA-00232-00113355-00113828 So it barely fits on there it slips on and then when you step on it at cams, and it locks in place
aUmxZgRHGHA-00233-00113866-00114152 you can use your body weight as opposed to your back and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00234-00114234-00114458 then if you really want to do the efficient
aUmxZgRHGHA-00235-00114520-00115176 Mechanician tway this we know my farm. We would think hard not work hard right, so then we got out the duct tape and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00236-00115228-00115487 We duct-taped the pipe wrench to our boot
aUmxZgRHGHA-00237-00115542-00115742 so then
aUmxZgRHGHA-00238-00115777-00116000 the two of us walk down the field like
aUmxZgRHGHA-00239-00116109-00116751 This and we'd hike a leg and we stomp that sucker in the ground and move to the next one I looked
aUmxZgRHGHA-00240-00116835-00117143 Incredibly ridiculous, but it works quite well, so
aUmxZgRHGHA-00241-00117277-00117647 As opposed to bending over each time I couldn't talk my apprentice into doing that this year
aUmxZgRHGHA-00242-00117648-00118181 He didn't think it was as funny as I did, but it did work really well, and it didn't save me bending over
aUmxZgRHGHA-00243-00118240-00118542 Another 250 times, so that's worth it
aUmxZgRHGHA-00244-00118753-00119048 The pipe is ten foot comes in Standard 10 foot sections
aUmxZgRHGHA-00245-00119049-00119583 It covers a six foot wide bed. It ends up being about three feet tall. There's a good shot pipe wrench
aUmxZgRHGHA-00246-00119722-00120095 So you got a three foot tall hoop six feet wide more or less you put?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00247-00120139-00120591 Ideally you put about eight inches in the ground sometimes you can't get quite that much sometimes you get a little more
aUmxZgRHGHA-00248-00120643-00120843 deeper tends to be better
aUmxZgRHGHA-00249-00120892-00121376 Then you lay out your sandbags down the road. We need a you need a sandbag for each hoop we've
aUmxZgRHGHA-00250-00121432-00121700 Experienced hoop spacings, and we're still experimenting
aUmxZgRHGHA-00251-00121783-00122198 Six feet to 10 feet is kind of our range. I wouldn't go any longer than that
aUmxZgRHGHA-00252-00122199-00122411 I think that it tends to get a little flappy on you
aUmxZgRHGHA-00253-00122473-00122892 My brother goes five feet, but he's he's kind of that way, so you know?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00254-00123004-00123294 At the end we learned to put I want a one on a cross
aUmxZgRHGHA-00255-00123352-00123894 because the end one wants to pull in it always wants to fall down because it's got tension on it and the reason it has
aUmxZgRHGHA-00256-00123894-00124066 tension on it is
aUmxZgRHGHA-00257-00124066-00124320 Because after you've rolled out your row cover like this
aUmxZgRHGHA-00258-00124495-00124883 Roll it all the way down the row and then you tighten it. You can see. This is starting to get tight
aUmxZgRHGHA-00259-00124903-00125103 we stake it down at One end and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00260-00125254-00125714 Then go to the other end. Take it down and pull it out really tight before we unfold it and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00261-00125890-00126512 state these are our stakes just wood stakes because then I brush hog over them in the spring you know invariably and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00262-00126571-00126917 tie them out just like that a nice long angle and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00263-00127011-00127479 And you can't tear the stuff in in mass if you hold on to it like that
aUmxZgRHGHA-00264-00127479-00127814 And you could pull with all your body weight or at least mild my body weight
aUmxZgRHGHA-00265-00127815-00128367 and it doesn't tear the stuff it just gets it nice and tight and then you start unfolding it and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00266-00128494-00128702 Lay in the sand bags along the side and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00267-00128760-00129272 This is your end result if it's nice and tight. It doesn't leave we've had really good results
aUmxZgRHGHA-00268-00129466-00130199 The lightest our ag 19 yeah. Yeah now we've we've experiment with some of the heavier stuff and we continue to
aUmxZgRHGHA-00269-00130267-00130535 But we value sunlight
aUmxZgRHGHA-00270-00130708-00131060 Solidity at this point because the winter growing. There's just not enough sun and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00271-00131131-00131293 so
aUmxZgRHGHA-00272-00131293-00131828 So that that works well this is you know we've been able to set out squash in early March doing this
aUmxZgRHGHA-00273-00131881-00132081 without really risking the squash
aUmxZgRHGHA-00274-00132118-00132192 We've done
aUmxZgRHGHA-00275-00132192-00132878 We've got a bunch of tunnels right now out that are covering things like green onions and beets and carrots baby lettuce
aUmxZgRHGHA-00276-00132918-00133344 Spinach chard kale turnips, I don't cover turnips. I take that back
aUmxZgRHGHA-00277-00133558-00133693 we
aUmxZgRHGHA-00278-00133693-00133935 yeah, there's a good example kale and Arugula and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00279-00134047-00134294 And they're versatile too again
aUmxZgRHGHA-00280-00134295-00134666 I like the idea of if you're going to invest in something make it something that works
aUmxZgRHGHA-00281-00134698-00135305 More than one way this had different bed spacing. We just put two side-by-side and still managed to make [it] work
aUmxZgRHGHA-00282-00135553-00136053 So the pipe is half-inch [Emt]. I don't know what that stands for
aUmxZgRHGHA-00283-00136183-00136517 electric metal conduit with a tee at the beginning
aUmxZgRHGHA-00284-00136633-00136833 So here's the money shot
aUmxZgRHGHA-00285-00136894-00137511 Lifespan of a greenhouse if you figure it at 30 years cost you thirty eight cents a year to operate per square foot
aUmxZgRHGHA-00286-00137511-00137961 I mean just to just to have the structure that's my greenhouse yours may be different
aUmxZgRHGHA-00287-00138049-00138249 a high Tunnel
aUmxZgRHGHA-00288-00138295-00138779 22 cents a year with the life span of 15 years that may be optimistic if you live in Kansas, right?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00289-00138850-00139533 I've had so far of the tunnels. I've built none of them have lasted more than three years, so I'm this might be very optimistic
aUmxZgRHGHA-00290-00139660-00139860 low Tunnels
aUmxZgRHGHA-00291-00139954-00140154 note where the decimal is
aUmxZgRHGHA-00292-00140254-00140454 point zero two
aUmxZgRHGHA-00293-00140464-00140883 Dollars, so it's two point seven cents per square foot now
aUmxZgRHGHA-00294-00140883-00141287 it's a yearly investment, but it's same thing with the high tunnels in greenhouse, so
aUmxZgRHGHA-00295-00141346-00141779 It is a great low-cost way to get into your round growing
aUmxZgRHGHA-00296-00141787-00142308 It does not have the level of protection of a greenhouse or a high tunnel, but it also costs
aUmxZgRHGHA-00297-00142372-00142757 Down a tenth of what a high tunnel costs per year plus the upfront
aUmxZgRHGHA-00298-00142792-00143247 Investment is also important to note even [the] upfront investments only nine cents square foot
aUmxZgRHGHA-00299-00143284-00143654 So you can be out there you know 49 cents a square foot protecting crops?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00300-00144308-00144508 Where do we get Sandbags [uline]?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00301-00144554-00144754 Uli in E
aUmxZgRHGHA-00302-00144782-00145290 but you know I've also ordered them from Sandbags calm, and they actually were the same sandbags, so
aUmxZgRHGHA-00303-00145361-00145714 But do it's worth pricing around a little bit some of them are cheaper than others
aUmxZgRHGHA-00304-00146252-00146452 sandbags are
aUmxZgRHGHA-00305-00146474-00146776 Sorry, I don't know that'll top of my head. I believe they are about 20
aUmxZgRHGHA-00306-00146849-00147519 25 cents apiece, I'm not too bad pretty cheap. There's a standard size. I think that it's 11 by 14
aUmxZgRHGHA-00307-00147578-00147781 no 11 x 22
aUmxZgRHGHA-00308-00147878-00148105 It's a standard Sandbag sighs yeah
aUmxZgRHGHA-00309-00148105-00148555 Just the bag I fill them with compost because then when they finally degrade after three years
aUmxZgRHGHA-00310-00148580-00148795 Then you just dump the compost on the garden
aUmxZgRHGHA-00311-00148895-00149095 better than sand
aUmxZgRHGHA-00312-00149105-00149305 Yeah
aUmxZgRHGHA-00313-00149966-00150301 Well, you could still do a 10-foot pipe. You can bend it tighter
aUmxZgRHGHA-00314-00150542-00150742 Although not with the tubing bender like that
aUmxZgRHGHA-00315-00150866-00151210 [6-foot] what's to is covering to growing beds and six foot wide?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00316-00151232-00151668 but the other thing [you] can do and here's what we've done on our narrow beds is just turn the tubing turn the
aUmxZgRHGHA-00317-00151706-00151897 Turn the hoops on bias though
aUmxZgRHGHA-00318-00151897-00152253 They're actually an angle and you can shorten them down to as narrow as you want that way
aUmxZgRHGHA-00319-00152254-00152773 It does make it makes the row cover sit a little funny, but we haven't had a problem with it
aUmxZgRHGHA-00320-00152773-00153129 It works really well it also gives you more height at the edge of your tunnel
aUmxZgRHGHA-00321-00153473-00153953 Because [I] know chrome and talks a little bit better. I haven't yet. Yeah, it's on my list of things to do that
aUmxZgRHGHA-00322-00153953-00154153 I have not given that a shot yet
aUmxZgRHGHA-00323-00154314-00154514 you can also
aUmxZgRHGHA-00324-00155157-00155721 Do everything yes, so there are rental. They're definitely rental benders out there
aUmxZgRHGHA-00325-00156649-00156814 sticking them in the ground
aUmxZgRHGHA-00326-00156814-00157283 so we start out [it] works best with three people one person carries the hoops and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00327-00157339-00157574 Measures the spacing they set a hoop out
aUmxZgRHGHA-00328-00157605-00157964 One person on each side bends down and just shoves it in the ground to get it started
aUmxZgRHGHA-00329-00157965-00158447 we got to get it in about three or four inches to hold it up, then we walk through with that pipe wrench and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00330-00158509-00158611 and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00331-00158611-00158811 You put the pipe Wrench on
aUmxZgRHGHA-00332-00158845-00159590 The on the conduit point it out. You're basically creating a step on the conduit so you're attaching your pipe wrench
aUmxZgRHGHA-00333-00159590-00160079 But you don't have to adjust it each time you just adjust it so it just barely bigger than the pipe and then as soon
aUmxZgRHGHA-00334-00160079-00160502 As it gets any torque on it it locks onto the pipe you do have to be mindful
aUmxZgRHGHA-00335-00160503-00160684 If you're not careful, you'll bend your pipe
aUmxZgRHGHA-00336-00160684-00161175 You know like spaghetti, but it's it's not as long as the soil is wet. It works pretty well
aUmxZgRHGHA-00337-00161919-00162473 So at the end. We have a stake out about [6] to [10] feet Beyond our row cover
aUmxZgRHGHA-00338-00162527-00163057 our who are last hoop we put a stake in at A 45-degree angle or whatever [the] [Rock's] allow and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00339-00163125-00163642 Then we tie. We happen [to] have a lot of drip tape sitting around. That's no longer usable
aUmxZgRHGHA-00340-00163647-00164044 so we tie it tie that around the end of the row cover and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00341-00164064-00164500 Then tie that off to the stake go to the other end do the same thing?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00342-00164501-00164902 but this time before we tied to the stake we yank it as hard as we can get it so it's really tight and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00343-00164942-00165142 That's what keeps it from flapping
aUmxZgRHGHA-00344-00165321-00165889 Yeah, side top really doesn't matter where its rest while you're tying it off, but then you do
aUmxZgRHGHA-00345-00165963-00166432 It once it's that tight actually as you spread it and of course this is [not] a windy day activity
aUmxZgRHGHA-00346-00166433-00166634 This is a but we've done it in you know
aUmxZgRHGHA-00347-00166707-00166973 Reasonable breezes, it's not like plastic on a high Tunnel
aUmxZgRHGHA-00348-00166973-00167174 it's less [than] that, but but
aUmxZgRHGHA-00349-00167216-00167428 As soon as you start spreading it as soon as it's tight
aUmxZgRHGHA-00350-00167428-00167866 It sits on the hoops pretty well, so the sandbags really are for windy conditions
aUmxZgRHGHA-00351-00167866-00168418 That's what holds it down then, but we find the hardest part initially is spreading that row cover without tearing it
aUmxZgRHGHA-00352-00168438-00168829 It's just so tender and we have several casualties that way
aUmxZgRHGHA-00353-00168890-00169426 And the other issue is if you have wildlife that likes to gamble through your fields then you will have problems there, too
aUmxZgRHGHA-00354-00169426-00169626 But we can do
aUmxZgRHGHA-00355-00169655-00170236 One year and sometimes not that long yeah, but I mean we typically get a good season out of it
aUmxZgRHGHA-00356-00170237-00170501 It'll will harvest out of this until January February
aUmxZgRHGHA-00357-00170501-00171187 I don't like throwing away big mounds of row cover each year, but I will say [that] a thousand foot roll is
aUmxZgRHGHA-00358-00171249-00171580 Five feet wide and about that big around
aUmxZgRHGHA-00359-00171638-00172189 You know when it comes off [the] roll, so you're not really throwing away that much material
aUmxZgRHGHA-00360-00172209-00172567 It looks like a bunch once it's all out and bundled and you know it takes up a lot of space
aUmxZgRHGHA-00361-00172567-00172846 But it's my justification. Thanks for asking
aUmxZgRHGHA-00362-00172995-00173371 And the winner, I don't I don't have to irrigate in the fall and winter yep
aUmxZgRHGHA-00363-00174361-00174603 No, what we do yeah?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00364-00174603-00175100 So what do we use weed plastic mulch under there or some other kind of mulch for weed control?
aUmxZgRHGHA-00365-00175147-00175716 We have some no-till beds that we're doing row covers on and those are heavily mulched and those are all transplanted
aUmxZgRHGHA-00366-00175810-00176366 All of our direct seed stuff is not on plastic and a lot of our high value stuff turns out to be direct seed which
aUmxZgRHGHA-00367-00176366-00177044 Is part of why it's high value because you can't plant beets on black plastic. So or maybe you can but we don't and
aUmxZgRHGHA-00368-00177267-00177779 So what we're doing. There is getting we're giving it a month to grow or even two months to grow before we cover it
aUmxZgRHGHA-00369-00177779-00178118 So we can do some aggressive hand weeding and then we let the weeds go
aUmxZgRHGHA-00370-00178207-00178677 Sometimes we'll go in on spinach and long live things like that that we're going to pick right on through the winter
aUmxZgRHGHA-00371-00178684-00178884 We may do a mid mid winter
aUmxZgRHGHA-00372-00178912-00179483 Weeding but we've also found that the weeds the winter weeds are just not aggressive. You know it's not as much of a problem
aUmxZgRHGHA-00373-00179758-00180300 How do we deal with holes that develop? I would like a good answer for that so far
aUmxZgRHGHA-00374-00180300-00180678 What we've done is take another piece of road cover and just drape it over the thing
aUmxZgRHGHA-00375-00180727-00181341 If it doesn't tear through the entire cover we found that one hole on a 220 footrot or 100 foot
aUmxZgRHGHA-00376-00181341-00181904 Row is not actually that big a deal. We'll lose the plants directly under the hole and maybe two feet back in each Direction
aUmxZgRHGHA-00377-00181999-00182393 One year, we had some puppies who really got into it and shredded a bunch of our cover
aUmxZgRHGHA-00378-00182394-00182802 And I was still amazed at how much protection. We got out of these covers that look like swiss cheese
aUmxZgRHGHA-00379-00182878-00183247 Because it is wind protection. We're going after more than actual frost protections
aUmxZgRHGHA-00380-00185582-00185782 you
aX_LGLZlyFk-00000-00000026-00000451 JEFF BRIDGES: "Nobody calls me Lebowski. You got the wrong guy. I'm the dude, man."
aX_LGLZlyFk-00001-00000468-00000620 [MUSIC UP]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00002-00001488-00001605 Have you seen the movie?
aX_LGLZlyFk-00003-00001623-00001978 A long time ago. I don't remember it real well, but...
aX_LGLZlyFk-00004-00001996-00002159 [MUSIC DOWN] [COUGHING] Anybody want a hit
aX_LGLZlyFk-00005-00002159-00002324 of this before we go any further? [MUSIC UP]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00006-00002324-00002574 Nor do I and I saw just last night.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00007-00002574-00002780 [MUSIC UP] [BOWLING SFX]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00008-00003186-00003482 REDHEAD TATTED GIRL: We were walking up to The Wiltern, my friends like,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00009-00003504-00003828 "That's...that's him, that's The Dude." He's losing his mind,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00010-00003829-00004270 like freaking out. "What do you mean The Dude? What's happening?" There's people everywhere,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00011-00004270-00004789 things going on and he's, like, "The Dude. The movie. It's based on that man right there."
aX_LGLZlyFk-00012-00004844-00005114 ARTIST LADY: Immediately I was super comfortable around him because I'm f**king nuts.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00013-00005162-00005514 JEFF DOWD: Did you ever have a feeling that you're, like, a Ferrari in a parking lot,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00014-00005515-00005971 ready to go and you're dying of terminal boredom at your work or where you're living?
aX_LGLZlyFk-00015-00005971-00006061 We can change that.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00016-00006090-00006614 It's like glorifying a loser, but like, in the best romanticizing it.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00017-00006631-00006872 [CROWD SOUNDS UP] Did you ever really get roofied?
aX_LGLZlyFk-00018-00006959-00007200 Yeah. I lost the entire '80's.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00019-00007222-00007442 [BOWLING SOUNDS] [PHONE RINGS]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00020-00007486-00007616 JEFF DOWD: I get a phone call...
aX_LGLZlyFk-00021-00007631-00007838 JEFF BRIDGES: "Hello?" JEFF DOWD: ...and it's Joel and Ethan.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00022-00007838-00008278 "Dude, duder, dudarino, we're doing this movie with Jeff Bridges and John Goodman.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00023-00008278-00008604 There's going to be a Dude character in it," and if you look at me, look, I'm on the cusp.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00024-00008604-00009131 It could go either way, right? I mean, you know, and if it's John Goodman...I'm going,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00025-00009131-00009588 "Holy sh*t." They go, "Don't worry, Dude. It's Jeff Bridges." I go, "Thank you guys."
aX_LGLZlyFk-00026-00009588-00009878 [CAR DOOR SHUTS] "I did not know that."
aX_LGLZlyFk-00027-00010034-00010392 QUESTION: Did he get The Dude character right? How'd they do on that front?
aX_LGLZlyFk-00028-00010392-00010567 [MUSIC UP] JEFF DOWD: Physicality, things they could
aX_LGLZlyFk-00029-00010567-00011037 have some fun with. The way he dances, the way he sits, the way he mumbles, you know,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00030-00011052-00011652 etcetera. Um, then, they're going to take other things, things at my expense or
aX_LGLZlyFk-00031-00011652-00012171 The Dude's expense, okay? So he's smoking a joint in the car, drops the roach, you know,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00032-00012171-00012605 starts going like this and then crashes the car. That's Dude all the way.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00033-00012622-00012984 [CAR CRASH SOUND] [MUSIC UP]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00034-00013122-00013406 LEBOWSKI FEST HOST: And here we are, the dream that is Lebowski Fest.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00035-00013422-00013780 We're in our 14th year. We've done almost a hundred Lebowski Fests all over the world.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00036-00014044-00014296 JEFF DOWD: Yeah, maybe they don't take me seriously.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00037-00014302-00014660 Um, you know, why would you take somebody serious who doesn't know what day it is?
aX_LGLZlyFk-00038-00015022-00015222 Because I'm not just that Dude from Lebowski.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00039-00015244-00015491 I'm a guy who's helped tons of people's careers.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00040-00015569-00015706 [CLASSICAL MUSIC UP]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00041-00017124-00017464 JEFF DOWD: Where else was The Dude? Just date me on someplace.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00042-00017465-00017643 [BOWLING SOUNDS] JEFF DOWD: Back in 1980, '81, I helped
aX_LGLZlyFk-00043-00017643-00018065 Robert Redford start the Sundance Institute. An investor from the first Coen Brother's
aX_LGLZlyFk-00044-00018065-00018365 film was there and they're having to pitch this dark, dark movie that's in post called
aX_LGLZlyFk-00045-00018380-00018456 "Blood Simple."
aX_LGLZlyFk-00046-00018668-00018986 After five minutes of watching that movie, we said,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00047-00019030-00019318 "These guys are going to be around for a long, long time."
aX_LGLZlyFk-00048-00019352-00019788 JEFF DOWD: As Frank Daniel, Frank would say, "Entrance is everything."
aX_LGLZlyFk-00049-00019836-00020126 Think of the entrances in "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid,"
aX_LGLZlyFk-00050-00020126-00020865 the four first scenes. Think of Mel Gibson in...in, you know, on the roof in Venice,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00051-00020865-00021268 grabbing the guy who's about to jump off the roof. "You wanna jump?! You wanna jump?! Okay,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00052-00021268-00021807 I wanna jump too! Let's f**king jump! Come on!" He's crazier than the crazy guy, okay?
aX_LGLZlyFk-00053-00021807-00022001 That's a billion dollar entrance for four movies.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00054-00022020-00022132 Still got sound?
aX_LGLZlyFk-00055-00022164-00022344 The character of The Dude is very laid back
aX_LGLZlyFk-00056-00022358-00022734 and Jeff Dowd is not laid back, I wouldn't say.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00057-00022734-00022948 He's an activist, you know. He's a fighter.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00058-00022976-00023346 [EXPLOSIONS AND MACHINE GUN SOUNDS]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00059-00023400-00023818 JEFF DOWD: What it's always been about and it still is about is racial equality and justice.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00060-00023856-00024118 That came to a head with the Vietnam War.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00061-00024164-00024470 I led 25,000 people in Seattle onto the freeway.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00062-00024484-00024736 I shouldn't say I. Four or five of us were up front.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00063-00024737-00024959 "You ever hear of the Seattle 7?"
aX_LGLZlyFk-00064-00024959-00025047 "Hmm."
aX_LGLZlyFk-00065-00025070-00025184 JEFF BRIDGES: "That was me."  [MUSIC UP]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00066-00025212-00025570 JEFF DOWD: The Nixon administration charged us with conspiracy to destroy federal property.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00067-00025636-00025744 [JAIL DOOR SLAMMING SFX]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00068-00025762-00026101 JEFF DOWD: We were put in jail for contempt of court. So when we did the contempt thing,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00069-00026101-00026583 I unveiled a full size Nazi flag. For those of you who've never seen a Nazi flag, and
aX_LGLZlyFk-00070-00026583-00027183 I'd never seen one before, it is unbelievably heavy symbols and we put it on an elevated bench.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00071-00027183-00027258 [APPLAUSE SFX]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00072-00027276-00027564 And I talked about he was being a good German. Those were the people who sat by
aX_LGLZlyFk-00073-00027564-00027883 when stuff was moving in the wrong direction and didn't do anything.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00074-00027924-00028232 [CLASSICAL MUSIC UP] [GAVEL SFX]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00075-00028318-00028636 LADY IN A GARDEN: This man appeared to have no fear at all.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00076-00028666-00029224 It came from a rabble-rouser personality, which is what he's got.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00077-00029262-00029800 JEFF DOWD: The Dude has abandonment issues. I was abandoned from my mother's breast instantly
aX_LGLZlyFk-00078-00029800-00030350 because her mother thought...hired a nurse, which they couldn't afford anyway and
aX_LGLZlyFk-00079-00030350-00030818 she thought it was improper to have a kid breastfed and they had visiting hours.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00080-00030836-00031108 So I didn't even get to see my parents, okay.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00081-00031286-00031533 It's sometimes hard to decipher what he's saying. You have to...
aX_LGLZlyFk-00082-00031560-00031656 JEFF DOWD: [shouts and mumbles]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00083-00031683-00031989 [ICE CHEST AND ICE NOISE] [LAUGHS] But it's always really
aX_LGLZlyFk-00084-00031989-00032372 worth paying attention and listening because there's really a valid thing there.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00085-00032372-00032633 [MUSIC UP] No politician in the history of the world
aX_LGLZlyFk-00086-00032633-00033111 of the world has ever been a leader, none of them. I'd blow everybody in West Hollywood
aX_LGLZlyFk-00087-00033111-00033340 right now if you can name me one politician that was a leader.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00088-00033340-00033756 JEFF DOWD: Eight percent sustainable energy with 57 percent solar.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00089-00033786-00034146 My mother died in the hospital because they blew the handoff,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00090-00034168-00034680 but yeah, O.J. also killed his wife, okay. Those are not mutually exclusive things. You have...anyhow,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00091-00034680-00034966 the point is, communication bad, okay. Okay?
aX_LGLZlyFk-00092-00035208-00035296 Right on.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00093-00035330-00035410 [MUSIC DOWN]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00094-00035460-00035620 JEFF DOWD: Let them see that I'm being filmed, okay,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00095-00035644-00035940 so they don't think I'm a crazy beggar because that's the first quick thing they're gonna say.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00096-00035972-00036084 Excuse me, folks?
aX_LGLZlyFk-00097-00036106-00036280 You know, people come up to me all the time and they all say,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00098-00036290-00036626 "I want to thank you so much," and I say, "You like the movie and stuff?"
aX_LGLZlyFk-00099-00036627-00036912 They say, "Yeah, we like the movie. Thank you." I said, "Why?" They say, "Well, you
aX_LGLZlyFk-00100-00036912-00037262 speak the truth," and in a world where so many people have to put on their costumes
aX_LGLZlyFk-00101-00037262-00037499 and masks everyday, people appreciate that a lot.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00102-00037499-00037699 [CLASSICAL MUSIC UP] What is the significance of
aX_LGLZlyFk-00103-00037720-00038076 The Dude's character, mythologically? The Dude is a holy fool.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00104-00038130-00038576 The best reference point is the jester in the royal court, in the king's court,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00105-00038600-00038850 the one guy who told it like it was.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00106-00038850-00039080 Everybody else would never say, "Hey, King, you know,
aX_LGLZlyFk-00107-00039100-00039222 you're puttin' on a little weight here, you know."
aX_LGLZlyFk-00108-00039306-00039796 So the holy fool is at a time when we need truth more than ever.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00109-00039836-00040214 He's trying to get us to the truth in a funny way.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00110-00040232-00040376 [CLASSICAL MUSIC UP]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00111-00041216-00041352 The Dude abides.
aX_LGLZlyFk-00112-00041370-00041480 [MUSIC STING]
aX_LGLZlyFk-00113-00041566-00041758 JEFF DOWD: [VIOLENT COUGHING]
aZC-bX9VHeA-00000-00000028-00000303 (cheerful music)
aZC-bX9VHeA-00001-00000511-00000741 - Hello, everyone, welcome back to Hanging with Harmilda.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00002-00000741-00000959 I have a special guest with me today.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00003-00000959-00001290 Asha Billstrand is our state qualifying long jumper
aZC-bX9VHeA-00004-00001290-00001455 from Harvard Junior High,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00005-00001455-00001673 and so we're gonna thank Asha for being here
aZC-bX9VHeA-00006-00001673-00001907 the day after her promotion ceremony,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00007-00001907-00002041 getting out of bed early.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00008-00002041-00002282 Asha, congratulations for making it to State.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00009-00002282-00002381 - Thank you.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00010-00002381-00002699 - And I just gotta know because I never could
aZC-bX9VHeA-00011-00002699-00002805 long jump as far as you,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00012-00002805-00003078 how does that feel to have such a good season,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00013-00003078-00003352 break the school record, and go down to State?
aZC-bX9VHeA-00014-00003352-00003610 I mean, that's a pretty cool experience, isn't it?
aZC-bX9VHeA-00015-00003610-00003814 - Yes, it's pretty cool because I got to see
aZC-bX9VHeA-00016-00003814-00004314 all the good athletes and how far they jump compared to me,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00017-00004319-00004529 and it was fun.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00018-00004529-00004744 - So tell us about your actual performance
aZC-bX9VHeA-00019-00004744-00004868 and the school record that you set.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00020-00004868-00005050 How'd you do at State in your records
aZC-bX9VHeA-00021-00005050-00005268 and your performances here?
aZC-bX9VHeA-00022-00005268-00005549 - At State, I got 13th out of 35
aZC-bX9VHeA-00023-00005549-00006040 and with a 15-10 jump and my PR this year was 16.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00024-00006151-00006311 - Wow, that's quite a record,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00025-00006311-00006581 and I know that the previous record,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00026-00006581-00006776 what was the previous record?
aZC-bX9VHeA-00027-00006776-00006973 - I think it was 13-4.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00028-00006973-00007195 - So that was shattering the record,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00029-00007195-00007426 so you just had a great season,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00030-00007426-00007656 and I really, on behalf of everyone in this district,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00031-00007656-00007937 wanna just tell you we thought you did a great job!
aZC-bX9VHeA-00032-00007937-00008020 - Thank you.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00033-00008020-00008127 - I wanna see what you really got,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00034-00008127-00008370 so would you mind if we have like a personal showdown,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00035-00008370-00008553 cause I used to be a long jumper right now,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00036-00008553-00008788 and I want to see right here if you and I can have
aZC-bX9VHeA-00037-00008788-00009005 a chocolate bar bet.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00038-00009005-00009295 We're gonna see who can do a standing long jump further.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00039-00009295-00009491 You've got sandals, and I've got a suit on,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00040-00009491-00009846 so we'll see who can win, and the loser owes
aZC-bX9VHeA-00041-00009846-00009971 the other one a chocolate bar, how about that?
aZC-bX9VHeA-00042-00009971-00010350 OK, we're gonna have our competition.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00043-00010350-00010828 The State long jumping qualifier Asha
aZC-bX9VHeA-00044-00010828-00011008 and the old superintendent.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00045-00011008-00011201 We're gonna see who wins for a chocolate bar,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00046-00011201-00011340 so I'm gonna put the microphone down,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00047-00011340-00011528 and we're gonna let the champ go first,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00048-00011528-00011620 and then I'll see if I can beat you,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00049-00011620-00011813 so just try to stand in your spot,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00050-00011813-00012033 and then I'll see if I can get that far, OK?
aZC-bX9VHeA-00051-00012033-00012321 Yup, just standing long jump, OK?
aZC-bX9VHeA-00052-00012932-00013049 Ho, ho!
aZC-bX9VHeA-00053-00013049-00013386 That is gonna be tough to beat, OK, here goes.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00054-00013749-00014005 Well, Asha, I guess you won the competition.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00055-00014005-00014263 You are legit as proved school record holder,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00056-00014263-00014532 and to pay up, here is my chocolate bar that I owe you.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00057-00014532-00014658 Congratulations!
aZC-bX9VHeA-00058-00014658-00014851 But seriously, we're very, very proud of you
aZC-bX9VHeA-00059-00014851-00015022 and your efforts and can't wait to watch all
aZC-bX9VHeA-00060-00015022-00015382 of your future athletic endeavors at Harvard High School.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00061-00015382-00015557 Won't it be exciting to go to high school?
aZC-bX9VHeA-00062-00015557-00015872 - Yes, I'm hoping I can make it to State in high school
aZC-bX9VHeA-00063-00015872-00016025 at least one time.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00064-00016025-00016115 - I bet you do.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00065-00016115-00016366 Keep working hard, and I know that you've done a lot
aZC-bX9VHeA-00066-00016366-00016558 of hard things, good work in the classroom, too,
aZC-bX9VHeA-00067-00016558-00016868 so excited to watch you, and we love celebrating
aZC-bX9VHeA-00068-00016868-00016983 all the success of our students.
aZC-bX9VHeA-00069-00016983-00017139 Thanks for joining me today!
aZC-bX9VHeA-00070-00017139-00017222 - No problem.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00000-00002582-00003282 My name is Lalafelon. For too long, my fellow potatoes have suffered under the tyranny of the giant races!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00001-00003282-00004034 I have come to Eorzea to expunge the undesirables so the one true race, the Lalafell,
aZOkzNEPH1M-00002-00004034-00004226 can rise!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00003-00004404-00004896 Uh, I was just asking if you would join our party for a raid?
aZOkzNEPH1M-00004-00005008-00005132 Oh...
aZOkzNEPH1M-00005-00005258-00005482 Bitch, I don't have those unlocked yet!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00006-00005520-00005814 And I sincerely hope you never do.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00007-00005814-00005956 Ugh, freak.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00008-00005956-00006100 Lick my balls!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00009-00006100-00006456 This isn't Balmung, so no, I absolutely will not!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00010-00006586-00007230 Tonight, we talk to the so called "Warriors of Light" to find out what makes them tick.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00011-00007230-00007823 What makes them unique amongst millions of other players doing the exact same thing?
aZOkzNEPH1M-00012-00007826-00008036 These are their stories.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00013-00008036-00008316 This is what really goes on...
aZOkzNEPH1M-00014-00008386-00008610 Behind the Light...
aZOkzNEPH1M-00015-00008878-00009646 So, my full name is Lalafu Lalafelon, but you may address me as Lord Lalafelon the First,
aZOkzNEPH1M-00016-00009646-00010072 Breaker of the Lalafel Chains and Conqueror of Eorzea Supreme!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00017-00010128-00010354 Yeah, I'm not doing that.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00018-00010376-00010636 So... tell me about yourself.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00019-00010668-00011126 Well, I was born in Gridania, but they're all a bunch of tree-hugging fart sniffers there,
aZOkzNEPH1M-00020-00011130-00011680 so I emigrated to Ul'dah, where the one true race, the Lalafel, rule supreme!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00021-00011722-00012224 Their entire council is made up of Lalafel. It was the logical starting ground for my revolution.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00022-00012284-00012404 Uh...
aZOkzNEPH1M-00023-00012404-00012746 So, how do you feel about questing?
aZOkzNEPH1M-00024-00012788-00013060 I guess I enjoy questing and being a hero.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00025-00013096-00013513 But holy balls, is it f*cking stupid sometimes.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00026-00013622-00013752 Hurry up!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00027-00013894-00013997 /beckon
aZOkzNEPH1M-00028-00014104-00014196 /beckon
aZOkzNEPH1M-00029-00014360-00014563 T-t-t-today, junior!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00030-00015204-00015540 What the hell? This is the right spot on the map!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00031-00016152-00016768 Oh balls. Welp, I'm not losing my time bonus for bad progress programming!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00032-00016920-00016976 [Whack]
aZOkzNEPH1M-00033-00017372-00017456 [Splat]
aZOkzNEPH1M-00034-00018482-00018958 People say I can be a bit mean, but I only spew hate because people deserve it.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00035-00019066-00019120 [Ring]
aZOkzNEPH1M-00036-00019120-00019374 Get your lazy ass here, right now!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00037-00019404-00019568 I'm here! I'm here!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00038-00019568-00019904 What are you doing? I sent you on a hunting mission!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00039-00019938-00020074 But you called me-
aZOkzNEPH1M-00040-00020074-00020220 Did you sell my sh*t?
aZOkzNEPH1M-00041-00020316-00020940 Well, no, people don't wanna buy 50 maple logs for 50,000 gil!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00042-00020964-00021138 Endgame bitches do!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00043-00021138-00021302 What do I pay you for?
aZOkzNEPH1M-00044-00021302-00021486 You don't pay me!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00045-00021486-00021720 I pay you in venture coins!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00046-00021720-00022006 No one accepts those as currency but retainers!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00047-00022006-00022196 F*ck you! You don't pay my sub!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00048-00022272-00022668 You know you get better results if you actually put gear on your retainers, right?
aZOkzNEPH1M-00049-00022918-00023040 [Crunch]
aZOkzNEPH1M-00050-00023220-00023674 People are always telling me how to play a game I pay monthly for.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00051-00023746-00023946 I play MY way.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00052-00024010-00024192 The CORRECT way.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00053-00024292-00024466 What the hell, Lalafelon?
aZOkzNEPH1M-00054-00024466-00024910 Look, I don't care if you're committed to this Lalafell supremacist White Mage bullsh*t,
aZOkzNEPH1M-00055-00024910-00025334 but you can't just only heal yourself because "we're not worthy of your light"
aZOkzNEPH1M-00056-00025334-00025536 or whatever crap you're trying to pull!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00057-00025544-00025782 Screw you! Learn to tank properly!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00058-00025800-00026130 I am tanking properly! You're not healing correctly!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00059-00026130-00026295 F*ck you! You don't pay my sub!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00060-00026295-00026594 Actu-actu-actually, I figured this out.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00061-00026594-00027172 As a taxpayer, I pay taxes that are fed back into the public system that provide essential services
aZOkzNEPH1M-00062-00027172-00027536 required to run and maintain the country that make it possible for you to play this game
aZOkzNEPH1M-00063-00027536-00027850 so by transitive property, I DO PAY YOUR SUB!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00064-00028220-00028304 [Crunch]
aZOkzNEPH1M-00065-00028350-00028620 OWWWWWWWWWWWW!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00066-00028695-00029126 People often tell me, "Lalafelon, why are you such a dick?"
aZOkzNEPH1M-00067-00029126-00029322 and to that I say,
aZOkzNEPH1M-00068-00029322-00029516 "Eat ass, dipsh*t"
aZOkzNEPH1M-00069-00029516-00029876 and nine times out of ten, that answers their stupid questions.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00070-00030706-00030789 WARK!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00071-00030798-00030862 KWEH!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00072-00030866-00030939 KWEH!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00073-00030945-00031027 KWEH!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00074-00031039-00031120 WARK!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00075-00031132-00031182 Kweh!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00076-00031183-00031233 Kweh! Kweh!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00077-00031233-00031283 Kweh! Kweh! Kweh!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00078-00031283-00031333 Kweh! Kweh! Kweh! Kweh!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00079-00031333-00031386 Kweh! Kweh! Kweh! Kweh! Kweh!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00080-00031394-00031545 [Fart]
aZOkzNEPH1M-00081-00031554-00031677 Waaark!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00082-00031677-00031874 Kweh! Kweh! Kweh! Kweh!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00083-00031874-00032020 What the hell?!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00084-00032020-00032277 Not my problem buddy, you were in the way.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00085-00032277-00032862 It's a horse-sized bird and you just let it run loose right into me!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00086-00032878-00033322 You owe me a lot of alcohol, you pint-sized prick!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00087-00033364-00033618 F*ck you, give me my quest! Time is money.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00088-00033618-00033954 Money I'm spending each month to help your worthless Hyur asses!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00089-00034064-00034158 [Shatter]
aZOkzNEPH1M-00090-00034300-00034754 So all in all, I'm a pretty decent guy and I'm gonna save this stupid land.
aZOkzNEPH1M-00091-00034754-00034826 Why?
aZOkzNEPH1M-00092-00034860-00035106 MOTHERF*CKING GIL Y'ALL!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00093-00035108-00035314 I'mma gonna get me some Lala strippers and make it
aZOkzNEPH1M-00094-00035314-00035630 RAAAAAAAAAAAIN!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00095-00035654-00035786 Ugh...
aZOkzNEPH1M-00096-00035786-00035918 Ugh... gross!
aZOkzNEPH1M-00097-00035932-00036188 Oh, Lalafells are gross, huh?
aZOkzNEPH1M-00098-00036208-00036424 COME AND SAY THAT TO MY FACE, YOU COCK SUCKING CU-
aZOkzNEPH1M-00099-00036446-00036656 TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES PLEASE STAND BY
abOSp17TSHQ-00000-00000003-00000999 salami no stone welcome gentleman may have something that IAM or gentleman is it a update
abOSp17TSHQ-00001-00000999-00001704 notification Johnny Kelly and used avada main channel to subscribe very like they are we keep
abOSp17TSHQ-00002-00001704-00002373 can come back to it but what people definitely those see teens are peter segal [ __ ] here yep
abOSp17TSHQ-00003-00002373-00003174 over here baby freshly movie here Pakistan given upon a very for sister broad general combative
abOSp17TSHQ-00004-00003174-00003882 eight Parvati mutative element where to seek rpm in akim akim abductee in Paris Vienna 432 CPM
abOSp17TSHQ-00005-00003882-00004647 period of houses giovanni maria anikanova general but rocky blogmutt made to see kakizaki famous
abOSp17TSHQ-00006-00004647-00005892 for T so T ha ve Copper Creek Massacre bless me Tahiti Donna has aa up has a general comment read
abOSp17TSHQ-00007-00005892-00006813 by 2040 command robideaux's so long mr. Boddy Muhammad neva trees near 43rd radically China
abOSp17TSHQ-00008-00006897-00008712 Derek Acorah was song but a swimmer Maracaibo naka naked in team of the team LOD not made to
abOSp17TSHQ-00009-00008712-00009579 see Carl on retirement automa pericardial yahoo but also taken here nice Iraqi mentioning update
abOSp17TSHQ-00010-00009579-00010241 subscribe Korean like like an escalator camera or an education of the conjugate thank you
acRpbLEIe2M-00000-00000004-00000187 This is an unacceptable mistake in Portuguese, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00001-00000196-00000304 Pido, pida.
acRpbLEIe2M-00002-00000309-00000402 Don't say that.
acRpbLEIe2M-00003-00000407-00000523 What's up, guys? How are you doing?
acRpbLEIe2M-00004-00000529-00000706 Philipe Brazuca recording another video for you.
acRpbLEIe2M-00005-00000713-00000906 On this video, as always,
acRpbLEIe2M-00006-00000912-00001085 I'm going to explain many things.
acRpbLEIe2M-00007-00001089-00001414 Some things so that you avoid making certain
acRpbLEIe2M-00008-00001420-00001559 mistakes in Portuguese, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00009-00001566-00001752 I've recorded many videos about mistakes.
acRpbLEIe2M-00010-00001768-00002158 If you haven't seen a video I made about 13 sentences
acRpbLEIe2M-00011-00002162-00002445 in which people make mistakes when speaking Portuguese,
acRpbLEIe2M-00012-00002450-00002686 both writing and speaking,
acRpbLEIe2M-00013-00002692-00002879 watch that video, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00014-00002886-00003101 A lot of people commented: damn, Philipe!
acRpbLEIe2M-00015-00003107-00003286 I was making these mistakes and now,
acRpbLEIe2M-00016-00003292-00003667 finally, I was able to understand what was wrong.
acRpbLEIe2M-00017-00003674-00003829 And now I am  speaking correctly.
acRpbLEIe2M-00018-00003834-00003968 But why does this happen?
acRpbLEIe2M-00019-00003974-00004220 Because even if you are living in Brazil
acRpbLEIe2M-00020-00004224-00004449 or if you are talking to Brazilians,
acRpbLEIe2M-00021-00004455-00004715 it happens that people are a little bit ashamed
acRpbLEIe2M-00022-00004722-00004845 to correct you, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00023-00004847-00005227 So it is very common that people make mistakes
acRpbLEIe2M-00024-00005235-00005509 in Portuguese and the Brazilians won't correct it.
acRpbLEIe2M-00025-00005513-00005755 It is very likely that you have been through this situation
acRpbLEIe2M-00026-00005762-00005979 that you made a mistake for a whole week,
acRpbLEIe2M-00027-00005985-00006256 two months, three months making the same mistake,
acRpbLEIe2M-00028-00006282-00006512 and only after a very long time you--
acRpbLEIe2M-00029-00006518-00006800 realized you were making that mistake.
acRpbLEIe2M-00030-00006808-00007098 So this video is exactly so that you avoid
acRpbLEIe2M-00031-00007108-00007358 making these mistakes in Portuguese, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00032-00007360-00007493 If you want to improve your skills,
acRpbLEIe2M-00033-00007497-00007793 if you want to speak well, if you  don't want to speak Portuñol,
acRpbLEIe2M-00034-00007797-00007980 I recommend that you watch this video until the end.
acRpbLEIe2M-00035-00007983-00008115 A very common mistake that I notice,
acRpbLEIe2M-00036-00008120-00008358 especially when people are starting to
acRpbLEIe2M-00037-00008361-00008710 learn Portuguese is changing "isso" for "esso".
acRpbLEIe2M-00038-00008714-00009032 Guys, "Esso" is the gas station, ok? That's it.
acRpbLEIe2M-00039-00009036-00009252 You will always say "isso," ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00040-00009259-00009561 So: "Isso que você está falando é muito útil."
acRpbLEIe2M-00041-00009566-00009739 Ok? Isso. Not "esso."
acRpbLEIe2M-00042-00009746-00009890 Ele/elo.
acRpbLEIe2M-00043-00009902-00010335 Guys, "ele" is male, "ela" is female, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00044-00010340-00010633 When you mean a man, you say "ele."
acRpbLEIe2M-00045-00010653-00010830 He is my brother, he is my friend,
acRpbLEIe2M-00046-00010842-00011142 he is my work mate, ok? "Ele."
acRpbLEIe2M-00047-00011149-00011299 She is my sister.
acRpbLEIe2M-00048-00011327-00011608 Don't confuse "ele" with "elo," ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00049-00011611-00011801 Not "elo," forget about "elo." "Ele."
acRpbLEIe2M-00050-00011807-00012083 Recently, I was on the internet and I saw someone comment:
acRpbLEIe2M-00051-00012098-00012452 "I need to do an evolution of my Portuguese level."
acRpbLEIe2M-00052-00012458-00012744 But what this person really meant was:
acRpbLEIe2M-00053-00012753-00013044 "I need to do an evaluation."
acRpbLEIe2M-00054-00013049-00013560 So don't confuse the word "avaliação" with "evolução."
acRpbLEIe2M-00055-00013566-00013800 Ok? "Evolução" is something else, it is evolving.
acRpbLEIe2M-00056-00013826-00014094 I am evolving, I am growing.
acRpbLEIe2M-00057-00014101-00014209 Evoluindo.
acRpbLEIe2M-00058-00014225-00014494 And the other one is "avaliação," from the verb "evaluate."
acRpbLEIe2M-00059-00014500-00014689 Another one that I see people get confused with.
acRpbLEIe2M-00060-00014697-00014896 Saúde and saudade.
acRpbLEIe2M-00061-00014922-00015147 Guys, "saude" is for you, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00062-00015153-00015385 If you are healthy it means you don't get sick.
acRpbLEIe2M-00063-00015394-00015588 You don't have cancer, you don't have a cold,
acRpbLEIe2M-00064-00015595-00015811 you don't have a fever. I'm fine, I'm healthy.
acRpbLEIe2M-00065-00015828-00015944 A good health.
acRpbLEIe2M-00066-00015972-00016217 And when you have "saudades" of something,
acRpbLEIe2M-00067-00016222-00016443 it means you miss something.
acRpbLEIe2M-00068-00016449-00016735 I don't know, your girlfriend goes to another country
acRpbLEIe2M-00069-00016776-00017065 and you call her, "Baby, I really miss you,
acRpbLEIe2M-00070-00017070-00017287 I haven't seen you in a long time."
acRpbLEIe2M-00071-00017296-00017657 So "saudade," in this case, would be missing something, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00072-00017677-00018062 "Saúde," you, ok? Your well-being.
acRpbLEIe2M-00073-00018076-00018445 Saúde. A healthy food, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00074-00018453-00018688 É verdade, cara. Eu acho que você tem muita "ração".
acRpbLEIe2M-00075-00018692-00018950 "Ração" is dog food, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00076-00018959-00019293 Ração with "ç" is food for animals in general.
acRpbLEIe2M-00077-00019298-00019641 What this person really  means is "razão."
acRpbLEIe2M-00078-00019667-00019859 So in this sentence I just told you,
acRpbLEIe2M-00079-00019866-00020124 the person really meant "razão."
acRpbLEIe2M-00080-00020145-00020342 So razão with a "z"...
acRpbLEIe2M-00081-00020469-00020722 "ter razão." You are right, you are correct,
acRpbLEIe2M-00082-00020728-00020875 I agree, you are right.
acRpbLEIe2M-00083-00020882-00021062 Just remember how it is pronounced in English, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00084-00021071-00021299 "Z", the "z", letter "z"  in English.
acRpbLEIe2M-00085-00021376-00021618 Razão, razão.
acRpbLEIe2M-00086-00021651-00022017 And the other one, dog food, "ração," ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00087-00022300-00022425 The first one is like a bee, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00088-00022596-00022670 Razão.
acRpbLEIe2M-00089-00022673-00022809 And the other one, ração.
acRpbLEIe2M-00090-00022812-00022955 Next up on the list, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00091-00022960-00023115 "Essa menina é muito fraca."
acRpbLEIe2M-00092-00023121-00023309 I've seen people make this mistake many times.
acRpbLEIe2M-00093-00023314-00023587 Someone saying that someone is very "weak."
acRpbLEIe2M-00094-00023595-00023911 "Fraco" in Portuguese is the opposite of strong, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00095-00023916-00024261 A person can be strong and a person can be weak, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00096-00024295-00024596 But what they really meant was "magro."
acRpbLEIe2M-00097-00024604-00024922 Skinny, a skinny person, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00098-00024929-00025009 Male.
acRpbLEIe2M-00099-00025015-00025141 It is the opposite of fat.
acRpbLEIe2M-00100-00025154-00025414 So this girl is very fat, this girl is very skinny.
acRpbLEIe2M-00101-00025444-00025655 "Fraco" means strength.
acRpbLEIe2M-00102-00025664-00025956 A strong person is not weak, they are strong.
acRpbLEIe2M-00103-00025964-00026109 So remember this. And a detail, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00104-00026114-00026339 Don't get confused: "magro" is the opposite of fat.
acRpbLEIe2M-00105-00026362-00026500 Strong is the opposite of "fraco."
acRpbLEIe2M-00106-00026505-00026649 So imagine the situation now.
acRpbLEIe2M-00107-00026654-00026818 You are talking to your friends,
acRpbLEIe2M-00108-00026824-00027056 your friend, girlfriend, boyfriend, whatever,
acRpbLEIe2M-00109-00027074-00027245 on WhatsApp, you are lying down,
acRpbLEIe2M-00110-00027258-00027503 talking, but you  are very tired, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00111-00027507-00027736 You are lying down and suddenly the phone--
acRpbLEIe2M-00112-00027780-00027896 falls on your face.
acRpbLEIe2M-00113-00027907-00028085 So you fall asleep, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00114-00028089-00028518 You fell asleep, ok? "Adormecer."
acRpbLEIe2M-00115-00028531-00028819 You don't "queda dormido"  in Portuguese, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00116-00028825-00028964 You fall asleep.
acRpbLEIe2M-00117-00028984-00029192 You don't say, "eu fiquei dormido." No.
acRpbLEIe2M-00118-00029214-00029492 You fell asleep, ok? I fell asleep yesterday.
acRpbLEIe2M-00119-00029501-00029647 I was very tired, I fell asleep.
acRpbLEIe2M-00120-00029663-00029841 I was so tired yesterday, man,
acRpbLEIe2M-00121-00029846-00030048 that I was talking to my girlfriend and I fell asleep.
acRpbLEIe2M-00122-00030077-00030489 On the next day, I saw the incomplete text.
acRpbLEIe2M-00123-00030505-00030874 It was a crazy message, with the numbers all messed up.
acRpbLEIe2M-00124-00030881-00031022 So be careful with this word, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00125-00031027-00031333 Falling asleep, we say "adormecido."
acRpbLEIe2M-00126-00031340-00031629 Fiquei adormecido, adormeci. Ele adormeceu.
acRpbLEIe2M-00127-00031635-00031839 Remember, "ele," ok? Male.
acRpbLEIe2M-00128-00031843-00031913 Ele adormeceu.
acRpbLEIe2M-00129-00031917-00032142 And I am saying this for you
acRpbLEIe2M-00130-00032148-00032521 so that you can understand it more clearly, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00131-00032528-00032684 Look at the word I just used.
acRpbLEIe2M-00132-00032690-00032846 Possa, from the verb "poder."
acRpbLEIe2M-00133-00032855-00032987 And why am I  explaining this word?
acRpbLEIe2M-00134-00032993-00033262 Because in Spanish you would say "pueda".
acRpbLEIe2M-00135-00033268-00033468 But in Portuguese, you don't say "poda".
acRpbLEIe2M-00136-00033476-00033783 That doesn't exist. "Para que você "poda" entender," no.
acRpbLEIe2M-00137-00033809-00033990 Para que você possa entender.
acRpbLEIe2M-00138-00033996-00034179 If your laptop is in Portuguese,
acRpbLEIe2M-00139-00034185-00034452 if you have the Office suite in Portuguese,
acRpbLEIe2M-00140-00034459-00034784 Word, Excel, whatever, you probably noticed that
acRpbLEIe2M-00141-00034788-00035134 when you are going to save a file, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00142-00035139-00035321 I already said the word, "Salvar."
acRpbLEIe2M-00143-00035331-00035551 We don't store the file, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00144-00035564-00035716 We save the file.
acRpbLEIe2M-00145-00035723-00036103 Save the file on this folder, save the file on this directory.
acRpbLEIe2M-00146-00036112-00036331 We don't say "guarda" the file on the directory.
acRpbLEIe2M-00147-00036340-00036518 We save the file, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00148-00036524-00036787 Because in Spanish you say "guardar el archivo".
acRpbLEIe2M-00149-00036802-00037051 In Portuguese we say "salvar o arquivo".
acRpbLEIe2M-00150-00037057-00037252 Speaking of storing, of saving,
acRpbLEIe2M-00151-00037257-00037547 I remember that in English, it is like, "save money."
acRpbLEIe2M-00152-00037560-00037748 We don't say  "salvar dinheiro," ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00153-00037753-00038040 We don't save money. "Junta dinheiro."
acRpbLEIe2M-00154-00038049-00038229 "A gente guarda dinheiro."
acRpbLEIe2M-00155-00038237-00038409 I am saving money for a trip,
acRpbLEIe2M-00156-00038414-00038602 I'm saving up  for a trip.
acRpbLEIe2M-00157-00038611-00039018 Or also, I am saving money to go on a trip.
acRpbLEIe2M-00158-00039028-00039202 There is also this situation.
acRpbLEIe2M-00159-00039210-00039421 Let's say you are at a-- I don't know.
acRpbLEIe2M-00160-00039428-00039600 You are talking to someone, you're in a meeting,
acRpbLEIe2M-00161-00039607-00039802 and someone is talking very loudly next to you.
acRpbLEIe2M-00162-00039808-00040057 They have the TV on a very high volume, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00163-00040062-00040176 It's making a lot of noise.
acRpbLEIe2M-00164-00040184-00040347 But you don't know this person so well,
acRpbLEIe2M-00165-00040355-00040486 so you don't want to get there and say,
acRpbLEIe2M-00166-00040492-00040586 "Hey, turn down the volume."
acRpbLEIe2M-00167-00040607-00040886 But you knowo someone who is very close to this person.
acRpbLEIe2M-00168-00040904-00041094 So you can ask-- look at the verb.
acRpbLEIe2M-00169-00041098-00041456 Ask someone, "Hey, can you ask him
acRpbLEIe2M-00170-00041461-00041582 to lower the volume?"
acRpbLEIe2M-00171-00041613-00041901 So this person will say, "Deixa que eu peço
acRpbLEIe2M-00172-00041905-00042233 para ele baixar o volume." Let me ask him
acRpbLEIe2M-00173-00042245-00042427 to lower the volume, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00174-00042433-00042534 From the verb  "pedir."
acRpbLEIe2M-00175-00042562-00042689 Eu peço pra ele.
acRpbLEIe2M-00176-00042697-00042886 Or also if someone comes to ask me a favor
acRpbLEIe2M-00177-00042904-00043129 and I say, "Man, I can't do that for you right now.
acRpbLEIe2M-00178-00043136-00043272 I can't do that right now.
acRpbLEIe2M-00179-00043285-00043423 Ask someone else."
acRpbLEIe2M-00180-00043437-00043561 Ok? "Peça."
acRpbLEIe2M-00181-00043568-00043932 So you will never say "pida," ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00182-00043939-00044137 Because this is a grotesque mistake in Portuguese,
acRpbLEIe2M-00183-00044143-00044282 you cannot make this mistake, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00184-00044289-00044511 It is a mistake that some Brazilians make
acRpbLEIe2M-00185-00044540-00044759 and when someone makes that mistake,
acRpbLEIe2M-00186-00044768-00044974 people get surprised.
acRpbLEIe2M-00187-00044982-00045271 Do you know those unacceptable mistakes?
acRpbLEIe2M-00188-00045294-00045536 Well, this is an unacceptable mistake in Portuguese, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00189-00045544-00045724 "Pido, pida".  Don't say that.
acRpbLEIe2M-00190-00045729-00045928 So that's it, guys, I hope it was clear.
acRpbLEIe2M-00191-00045935-00046280 I will also leave you some links in the comment section
acRpbLEIe2M-00192-00046289-00046639 with other videos and I recommend you watch the playlist
acRpbLEIe2M-00193-00046670-00046983 about other mistakes people make when speaking Portuguese.
acRpbLEIe2M-00194-00047012-00047352 Watch these videos and it is very likely that you are
acRpbLEIe2M-00195-00047359-00047557 making a lot of these mistakes, ok?
acRpbLEIe2M-00196-00047567-00047806 If you already follow my videos here on my channel,
acRpbLEIe2M-00197-00047814-00048099 you probably already learned how to speak
acRpbLEIe2M-00198-00048104-00048386 Portuguese well and you are not making these mistakes.
acRpbLEIe2M-00199-00048392-00048634 If you learned something from this video, leave a comment.
acRpbLEIe2M-00200-00048642-00048924 If you have any questions about what I explained,
acRpbLEIe2M-00201-00048932-00049214 leave a comment and also if you--
acRpbLEIe2M-00202-00049297-00049592 if you didn't quickly learn some words
acRpbLEIe2M-00203-00049596-00049811 in Portuguese and you only realized later
acRpbLEIe2M-00204-00049824-00050152 that you were making these mistakes, leave a comment
acRpbLEIe2M-00205-00050160-00050447 because your question can be other people's questions.
acRpbLEIe2M-00206-00050451-00050686 Ok? So a big hug and I'll see you on the next video.
acRpbLEIe2M-00207-00050693-00050845 Bye, bye. Thanks!
af7Lmq8chFQ-00000-00000016-00000416 Pablo Escobar is one of the most famous drug kingpins
af7Lmq8chFQ-00001-00000416-00001104 in history. A fascinating man with a legacy people are still talking about until today.
af7Lmq8chFQ-00002-00001104-00001776 But what most people don’t know about Pablo, was that he was also a dedicated family man!
af7Lmq8chFQ-00003-00001848-00002464 So after his tumultuous life and sudden death, what happened to Pablo Escobar’s family?
af7Lmq8chFQ-00004-00002568-00003152 It seems like one of Pablo’s two legitimate children has managed to stay out of the limelight,
af7Lmq8chFQ-00005-00003152-00003592 but thankfully, both are living very different lives from their father.
af7Lmq8chFQ-00006-00003679-00004096 There’s not a lot of information about the whereabouts of Manuela Escobar;
af7Lmq8chFQ-00007-00004152-00004768 no Instagram, no Facebook, and no Twitter either! Pablo Escobar’s daughter has
af7Lmq8chFQ-00008-00004768-00005536 largely stayed off social media and is living a quiet life. The few reports we have of her say she
af7Lmq8chFQ-00009-00005536-00006240 went into hiding with her mother after Pablo’s death and is now living under an assumed name.
af7Lmq8chFQ-00010-00006240-00006880 On the other hand, Pablo Escobar’s son has not shied away from the spotlight. He changed his name
af7Lmq8chFQ-00011-00006880-00007552 to Sebastian Marroquin (from Juan Pablo Escobar Henao) and has been very vocal about his father’s
af7Lmq8chFQ-00012-00007552-00008352 legacy. He was the subject of a 2009 documentary called Sins of My Father, where he talks about the
af7Lmq8chFQ-00013-00008352-00009144 impact his father’s actions have had on his life. Sebastian also released a book in 2014
af7Lmq8chFQ-00014-00009144-00009784 titled Pablo Escobar, My Father. He donated all to Colombian charity projects,
af7Lmq8chFQ-00015-00009784-00010528 in addition to other philanthropic organizations. He’s also helped take care of his sister Manuela
af7Lmq8chFQ-00016-00010528-00011120 and their mother, doing his best to protect them against reprisal from his father’s enemies.
af7Lmq8chFQ-00017-00011192-00011872 Aside from that, he’s regularly gone on TV and media to help the people his father’s
af7Lmq8chFQ-00018-00011872-00012584 activities had hurt. He’s very involved in rehabilitation and charity projects in Colombia,
af7Lmq8chFQ-00019-00012584-00013176 seeking to fix the many problems that made his father turn to crime in the first place.
af7Lmq8chFQ-00020-00013280-00013728 As to what’s next for Pablo Escobar’s children, no one can say.
af7Lmq8chFQ-00021-00013728-00014328 Maria Victoria and Sebastian Marroquin have tried making up for Pablo’s actions,
af7Lmq8chFQ-00022-00014328-00015000 but wounds may run a little too deep for those affected by his crimes. And while he’s seen as
af7Lmq8chFQ-00023-00015000-00015600 a folk hero in Colombia, not everyone views him – or his family – in a positive light.
af7Lmq8chFQ-00024-00015600-00016088 We can only hope that everyone understands that the children aren’t their fathers.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00000-00000208-00000800 Now, we're going to look at the content from 2.10, or 2.10,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00001-00000800-00001288 Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00002-00001288-00001525 When we do it, we can do it one of two ways.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00003-00001525-00001695 We can do it horizontally or vertically.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00004-00001695-00001854 In the first two examples, we're going
ajRmUfvAfzA-00005-00001854-00002099 to do the problems horizontally.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00006-00002099-00002300 Now, when we have mixed numbers, we
ajRmUfvAfzA-00007-00002300-00002624 could write it as an improper fraction,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00008-00002624-00003045 find a common denominator, and then add them together
ajRmUfvAfzA-00009-00003045-00003346 and then work it backwards to get our mixed number.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00010-00003346-00003629 Now, when dealing with large numbers like this,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00011-00003629-00003867 the numbers can get a little bit too big and a little
ajRmUfvAfzA-00012-00003867-00003951 out of control.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00013-00003951-00004199 So what we can do is, we can separate it.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00014-00004199-00004630 We have 23 and 3/5 plus 8 and 8/15.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00015-00004630-00005068 So doing it horizontally, I have 23 plus 8.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00016-00005068-00005471 I just take the whole numbers, and I separate them together.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00017-00005471-00005841 And then, since I'm adding, I have 3/5 and 8/15.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00018-00006237-00006794 Now, what I recommend is do the fraction portion first.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00019-00006794-00007047 The first thing we have to do in order to add or subtract
ajRmUfvAfzA-00020-00007047-00007273 fractions is, they have to have a common denominator.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00021-00007273-00007384 And I see 15.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00022-00007384-00007659 I recognize it as a multiple of 5.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00023-00007659-00007945 So I have to multiply this by 3.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00024-00007945-00008133 And what I do the bottom, I do to the top.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00025-00008133-00008394 So I'm essentially multiplying by 1.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00026-00008394-00009273 So I have 9/15 and 8/15 for a total of 17/15.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00027-00009273-00009487 Now, I didn't have to do anything other than that.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00028-00009487-00009541 There it is.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00029-00009541-00009689 But what do I notice?
ajRmUfvAfzA-00030-00009689-00009888 The top is bigger than the bottom.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00031-00009888-00010063 So why don't I take it a step further
ajRmUfvAfzA-00032-00010063-00010252 and write it as a mixed number because we
ajRmUfvAfzA-00033-00010252-00010438 started working with mixed numbers.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00034-00010438-00010647 Let's stay with mixed numbers.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00035-00010647-00011046 15 goes into 17 once with a remainder of 2.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00036-00011046-00011358 My remainder remains over the divisor.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00037-00011358-00011547 1 and 2/15.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00038-00011547-00012109 Now, I can do this addition 23 and 8 is going to be 31.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00039-00012109-00012687 Well, I have 31 and or plus this 1 and 2/15.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00040-00012687-00013011 So I can go further and say, hey, these are whole numbers.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00041-00013011-00013556 I can put them together 31 and 1 is 32.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00042-00013556-00013831 And then these 2/15.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00043-00013831-00014113 So we have it as a mixed number.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00044-00014113-00014263 Now, when it comes to subtraction,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00045-00014263-00014547 just like we learned when dealing with integers,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00046-00014547-00014700 that we have to be careful.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00047-00014700-00014918 We don't want to make any sign errors.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00048-00014918-00015043 So I'm going to split this up.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00049-00015043-00015349 I have 5 and minus 4.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00050-00015349-00016363 And I have 2/13 which is positive and negative 7/26.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00051-00016363-00016681 Now, this might be a little confusing.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00052-00016681-00017122 This negative sign here, because this is an integer,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00053-00017122-00017530 it belongs to all parts of this value.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00054-00017530-00018143 So I make the 4 negative, and I make the 7/26 negative.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00055-00018143-00018546 This negative belongs to both parts.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00056-00018546-00018813 Think of it as the distributive property.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00057-00018813-00019233 Now, I just have to combine them from this point.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00058-00019233-00019383 Always do the fractions first.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00059-00019383-00019757 Well, I notice I have to have a common denominator because it
ajRmUfvAfzA-00060-00019757-00019909 is subtraction.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00061-00019909-00020177 And I say, well, 26 is a multiple of 13.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00062-00020177-00020586 So I have to multiply this by 2 over 2
ajRmUfvAfzA-00063-00020586-00021121 So I get 4/26 minus 7/26.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00064-00021121-00021394 Now, in order to do this subtraction,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00065-00021394-00021667 I say, well, 4 minus 7, I can't take 7
ajRmUfvAfzA-00066-00021667-00022086 from 4 unless I did some borrowing because we're
ajRmUfvAfzA-00067-00022086-00022433 working with other integers here.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00068-00022433-00022844 I can actually borrow because this piece of the number
ajRmUfvAfzA-00069-00022844-00022949 came from this.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00070-00022949-00023196 They came together, so I can borrow from this.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00071-00023196-00023392 I'm going to make that a 5.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00072-00023392-00023617 And now, I'm going to add 1 to this.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00073-00023617-00024046 But it's a special type of 1.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00074-00024046-00024298 26 parts of 26.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00075-00024298-00024580 That is the whole value.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00076-00024580-00025322 So if I add these together, I get 30/26 minus 7/26.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00077-00025322-00025509 And now, I can do that subtraction.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00078-00025509-00025872 30 minus 7 is going to give me 23/26.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00079-00026238-00026644 And then, I put it together with the whole numbers, 5 minus 4
ajRmUfvAfzA-00080-00026644-00026811 is 1.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00081-00026811-00027091 1 and 23/26.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00082-00027091-00027422 Now, the most difficult thing about adding or subtracting
ajRmUfvAfzA-00083-00027422-00027714 mixed numbers is basically accounting.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00084-00027714-00028022 I have to be accountable for every piece
ajRmUfvAfzA-00085-00028022-00028337 whether it be the whole numbers or the fractions.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00086-00028337-00028579 And I have to take it one piece at a time.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00087-00028579-00028814 And sometimes, I have to go back to something else
ajRmUfvAfzA-00088-00028814-00029102 and pull something from it so that I can actually
ajRmUfvAfzA-00089-00029102-00029304 do the subtraction.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00090-00029304-00029464 So be careful with this.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00091-00029464-00029656 This is going to take some practice
ajRmUfvAfzA-00092-00029656-00029863 to be familiar with it.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00093-00029863-00030074 So we looked at these two examples.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00094-00030074-00030310 And we worked them horizontally.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00095-00030310-00030633 Or-- yeah, horizontally to get these values.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00096-00030633-00030861 Now, we're going to look at adding vertically.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00097-00030861-00031202 These are the same two problem, so one nice thing
ajRmUfvAfzA-00098-00031202-00031436 is we already know what our answer should be.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00099-00031436-00031877 We have 23 and 3/5 plus 8 and 8/15.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00100-00031877-00032230 Doing it vertically might work a little nicer for us.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00101-00032230-00032517 It really depends on you and your preference.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00102-00032517-00032806 So the first thing we do is, we deal with those fractions
ajRmUfvAfzA-00103-00032806-00032976 just like we did before.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00104-00032976-00033319 3/5 and 8/15, they have to have a common denominator.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00105-00033319-00033465 So I'm going to write it over here.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00106-00033465-00033839 I have to make this 15.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00107-00033839-00034143 So I multiply it by 3 over 3.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00108-00034143-00034811 So I have 9/15, and this is the 8/15.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00109-00034811-00035089 We have the 23 and the 8.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00110-00035089-00035397 And now, we can just add them vertically
ajRmUfvAfzA-00111-00035397-00035762 9 and 8 is going to give me 17.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00112-00036050-00036595 23 and 8 will give me 31.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00113-00036595-00036789 And now, just like we had before,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00114-00036789-00036998 this is an improper fraction.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00115-00036998-00037376 We can't have a mixed number and an improper fraction
ajRmUfvAfzA-00116-00037376-00037507 at the same time.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00117-00037507-00038013 So we have to say 15 goes into 17 once with a remainder of 2.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00118-00038013-00038511 2 remains over 15, and the one time that when we add to this.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00119-00038511-00038841 And we get 32 and 2/15.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00120-00038841-00039116 That's the same answer we got last time.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00121-00039116-00039302 Now, we're going to do the same thing here.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00122-00039302-00039546 Oh, that should be 2/13.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00123-00039546-00039874 6 and 2/13 minus 4 and 7/26.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00124-00039874-00040020 The first thing I'm going to do is,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00125-00040020-00040257 I'm going to say, well, let's look at our fractions
ajRmUfvAfzA-00126-00040257-00040458 make sure they have the same denominator.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00127-00040458-00040753 I have to multiply this by 2 over 2.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00128-00040753-00040899 So I'm going to write it over here.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00129-00040899-00041533 I have 4 over 26, 7 over 26.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00130-00041533-00041746 I have 6.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00131-00041746-00041843 And I have that 4.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00132-00041843-00042073 And now, I'm subtracting them and recall,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00133-00042073-00042350 I said, this sign belongs to both of these.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00134-00042350-00042563 It belongs to the whole term.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00135-00042563-00042868 So it's 4/26 minus 7/26.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00136-00042868-00043333 Well, when we subtract vertically,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00137-00043333-00043540 we always borrow from the number before.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00138-00043540-00043816 So maybe doing it this way will help you keep track
ajRmUfvAfzA-00139-00043816-00044001 because it's something you're familiar with.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00140-00044001-00044443 Well, I need to make this more, so I can find that difference.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00141-00044443-00044784 So I'm going to borrow 1 from this.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00142-00044784-00045366 And that 1, I'm going to write it as 26 over 26.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00143-00045366-00045487 And I can add those.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00144-00045487-00045666 They're like fractions.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00145-00045666-00045990 I made this 1 have the same denominator.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00146-00045990-00046369 So 4 and 26 is 30.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00147-00046369-00046641 And that 30/26 is going to subtract
ajRmUfvAfzA-00148-00046641-00046889 because the sign belongs to both of these.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00149-00046889-00046957 7.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00150-00046957-00047521 30 minus 7 is going to give me 23 over 26,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00151-00047521-00047827 their common denominator, now that I made that change.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00152-00047827-00047999 And 5 minus 1.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00153-00047999-00048159 Because we borrowed, it's now a 5.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00154-00048159-00048367 5 minus 4 is 1.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00155-00048367-00048626 We get 1 and 23/26.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00156-00048626-00048979 Same answer as we got last time.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00157-00048979-00049246 We're going to do two more examples.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00158-00049246-00049586 And then, I'll give you a few problems to try on your own.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00159-00049586-00049778 But we have to be careful of these signs.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00160-00049778-00049905 We're dealing with integers.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00161-00049905-00050059 And even if they're mixed numbers,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00162-00050059-00050174 they're still integers.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00163-00050174-00050395 We can find them on our number line.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00164-00050395-00050527 We can do the same thing.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00165-00050527-00050912 If they have the same sign, it actually makes our life easier.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00166-00050912-00051056 Whether it's positive or negative,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00167-00051056-00051238 if they have the same sign, we're
ajRmUfvAfzA-00168-00051238-00051398 just going to combine them.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00169-00051398-00052024 So I have negative 20 and 2/5, negative 30 and 3/10.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00170-00052024-00052215 I'm going to combine those.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00171-00052215-00052954 Negative 20, negative 30, negative 2/5, negative 3/10.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00172-00052954-00053422 And recall, that sign belongs to both pieces of this mixed
ajRmUfvAfzA-00173-00053422-00053513 number.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00174-00053513-00053828 So I make sure that that sign belongs there.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00175-00053828-00054025 Now, if we do the fraction first,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00176-00054025-00054412 I recognize 5 and 10 are multiples.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00177-00054412-00054549 10 is a multiple of 5.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00178-00054549-00054879 So we got to have that common denominator.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00179-00054879-00055566 So negative 4 minus 3, same sign combined, I get negative 7.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00180-00055566-00055786 This is 10.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00181-00055786-00055974 Negative 7/10.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00182-00055974-00056246 Here I have negative 20 and negative 30
ajRmUfvAfzA-00183-00056246-00056537 for a total of negative 50.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00184-00056537-00056769 Now, because they have the same sign,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00185-00056769-00057016 I can merely combine them again.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00186-00057016-00057336 Negative 50 and 7/10.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00187-00057336-00057666 We just put them together when they have the same sign.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00188-00057666-00057879 Let's do this one vertically.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00189-00057879-00058151 To do this vertically, I'm going to write the larger number
ajRmUfvAfzA-00190-00058151-00058544 on top because I identify that these have different signs.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00191-00058544-00058769 So I need to find their difference.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00192-00058769-00059053 So I'm going to write the larger number on top.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00193-00059053-00059271 But I'm going to keep that sign with it.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00194-00059271-00059804 And the smaller one on the bottom, 42 and 2/9.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00195-00059804-00060063 Now, if we do this vertically, we
ajRmUfvAfzA-00196-00060063-00060338 have to have that common denominator.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00197-00060338-00060526 We're going to work with the fractions first.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00198-00060526-00060867 But I'm going to keep in mind that this negative sign belongs
ajRmUfvAfzA-00199-00060867-00061340 to that, so I have to write this with a denominator of 9.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00200-00061340-00061829 So I'm going to make this 9 by multiplying it by 3 over 3.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00201-00061829-00062077 So I have 3/9.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00202-00062077-00062285 But I'm going to remember it's negative.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00203-00062285-00062466 Over 2/9.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00204-00062466-00062686 So if this is negative-- because it
ajRmUfvAfzA-00205-00062686-00062877 belongs to both pieces of this.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00206-00062877-00063152 --I have negative 3 and positive 2.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00207-00063152-00063441 Well, I find their difference to be 1.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00208-00063441-00063927 But its larger value determines the sign, so it's negative 1/9.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00209-00063927-00064174 And I'm just going to write it over there for now.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00210-00064174-00064549 Now I have negative 50 and 42.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00211-00064549-00064632 Different signs.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00212-00064632-00064777 I'm going to find their difference.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00213-00064777-00065100 The difference of 50 and 42 is 8.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00214-00065100-00065373 The larger value determines the sign.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00215-00065373-00065591 By doing it this way, I say, well, both of them
ajRmUfvAfzA-00216-00065591-00065969 have the same sign just as they did in our previous example.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00217-00065969-00066144 And now, I can just put them together.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00218-00066144-00066913 Same sign combined, negative 8 and 1/9 is our solution.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00219-00066913-00067265 Now, these two are for you to try.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00220-00067265-00067457 Notice, this one has different signs,
ajRmUfvAfzA-00221-00067457-00067570 so you want to be careful.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00222-00067570-00067750 Don't make any sign errors.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00223-00067750-00068021 This one has the same sign, so make sure
ajRmUfvAfzA-00224-00068021-00068480 that you recall that these signs belong to the whole piece, both
ajRmUfvAfzA-00225-00068480-00068760 the number and the fraction.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00226-00068760-00068910 So try it yourself.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00227-00068910-00068972 And good luck.
ajRmUfvAfzA-00228-00068972-00069173 Thank you for watching.
al3KWpcfAv8-00000-00000000-00000552 Minute Math, Minute Math, when you need help you use Minute Math
al3KWpcfAv8-00001-00000570-00001146 Hi, I'm Sean Gannon and this is Minute Math and today we're learning about using properties of
al3KWpcfAv8-00002-00001146-00001880 real numbers. Okay, so you might know some of these properties, you've heard them before
al3KWpcfAv8-00003-00001880-00002456 the commutative, associative, distributive property, identity and inverse properties.
al3KWpcfAv8-00004-00002456-00002994 Okay, so we're gonna make a little chart here kinda showing what each one is
al3KWpcfAv8-00005-00003004-00003450 Okay? So for these properties, uh, these properties
al3KWpcfAv8-00006-00003450-00004007 of real numbers the following properties
al3KWpcfAv8-00007-00004068-00005514 hold true for real numbers a, b, and c.  So hold true for real numbers a, b, and c.
al3KWpcfAv8-00008-00005526-00005896 So our first one here the commutative property. Well, when we have it with
al3KWpcfAv8-00009-00005898-00006938 addition, so addition here is orange for our chart here, okay? So with addition
al3KWpcfAv8-00010-00007181-00007956 a plus b equals b plus a, meaning the commutative property states that it
al3KWpcfAv8-00011-00007956-00008481 really doesn't matter the order when you add two real numbers. A plus b is the
al3KWpcfAv8-00012-00008481-00009480 same thing as b plus a, alright? Now we continue that with multiplication, okay?
al3KWpcfAv8-00013-00009490-00010556 Same idea holds, a times b equals b times a, okay? So that's our commutative property
al3KWpcfAv8-00014-00010560-00011052 okay it really doesn't, uh, commutative it doesn't really matter the order for addition or
al3KWpcfAv8-00015-00011052-00011520 multiplication. So for addition the commutative property of addition, a plus
al3KWpcfAv8-00016-00011520-00012066 b equals b plus a, and the commutative property of multiplication a times b
al3KWpcfAv8-00017-00012066-00013206 equals b times a, okay? So let's keep going let's continue this chart down, alright?
al3KWpcfAv8-00018-00013224-00013631 And the next one here, we have the associative property, and again we're
al3KWpcfAv8-00019-00013631-00014069 gonna have that with addition and multiplication. Now this one's a little
al3KWpcfAv8-00020-00014069-00015030 trickier, okay? What it says is that a plus b plus c in parentheses is the
al3KWpcfAv8-00021-00015030-00015773 same thing as, or is equal to, right, a plus b in parentheses plus c on the
al3KWpcfAv8-00022-00015773-00016451 outside, (laughing) see that fit in there, okay? So that's our associative property of
al3KWpcfAv8-00023-00016451-00016842 addition. Now we apply that with multiplication.
al3KWpcfAv8-00024-00016842-00017237 Okay, the associative property multiplication same idea just with
al3KWpcfAv8-00025-00017237-00018042 multiplication, a times b times c is equal to a times b
al3KWpcfAv8-00026-00018042-00018698 times c, okay? So there we have, in a similar way like the commutative
al3KWpcfAv8-00027-00018698-00019131 property for additional multiplication, it's very similar just using addition
al3KWpcfAv8-00028-00019131-00019533 versus multiplication, same thing with the associative property, very similar
al3KWpcfAv8-00029-00019533-00020034 idea but from addition and multiplication. Okay, let's continue this
al3KWpcfAv8-00030-00020034-00020853 chart on. The distributive property. Now this one, this one's actually unique here.
al3KWpcfAv8-00031-00020853-00021366 Distributive property. This one I'm actually going to erase this right here
al3KWpcfAv8-00032-00021366-00021926 because this property is a mix of addition and multiplication together so
al3KWpcfAv8-00033-00021926-00022294 I'll write the first part in blue
al3KWpcfAv8-00034-00022414-00023495 a times parenthesis b plus c equals, let's be really cool equals in orange, okay? now
al3KWpcfAv8-00035-00023495-00023931 multiplication in green here, equals the distributive property says if we have
al3KWpcfAv8-00036-00023931-00024828 this we would have then it's the same thing as a times b plus a times c.
al3KWpcfAv8-00037-00024828-00025251 And you can see how this lines up with addition and multiplication but that's
al3KWpcfAv8-00038-00025251-00025610 right there that's our distributive property, we can distribute this a to
al3KWpcfAv8-00039-00025610-00026797 both parts inside of the parenthesis there, okay? Next one. Moving on down, okay?
al3KWpcfAv8-00040-00026798-00027352 We have what's the identity property, identity property. Okay this one's a little
al3KWpcfAv8-00041-00027352-00028038 trickier, okay? Well it says there exists, for addition, there exists a unique real
al3KWpcfAv8-00042-00028038-00028582 number called the identity number, zero, such that for any real number a,
al3KWpcfAv8-00043-00028600-00029230 a plus zero equals a, okay? So it's kind of a lot to write here, I'm just going to sum it up.
al3KWpcfAv8-00044-00029230-00029870 Basically we have the identity property there exists a unique real number, okay,
al3KWpcfAv8-00045-00029886-00030658 let me call that a plus zero equals a,  kind of mentioned there. And I'll put the um
al3KWpcfAv8-00046-00030658-00031133 words on the side here for that kind of explaining all that in words:
al3KWpcfAv8-00047-00031133-00031757 There exists a unique real number called the identity, zero, right here, the additive
al3KWpcfAv8-00048-00031757-00032372 identity such that for any real number a, a plus zero equals a, doesn't change
al3KWpcfAv8-00049-00032372-00032738 anything we added. Well there's a identity property for addition,
al3KWpcfAv8-00050-00032738-00033179 there must be an identity property for multiplication. Well not must but
al3KWpcfAv8-00051-00033179-00033682 there is. Same idea, there exists a unique real number called the mulca...
al3KWpcfAv8-00052-00033682-00034424 multiplicative identity, okay, and that's one such that for any real number a,
al3KWpcfAv8-00053-00034424-00035440 a times 1 equals a. So again, similar idea here the additive identity a plus zero,
al3KWpcfAv8-00054-00035441-00035938 zero being the additive identity, equals a same thing with multiplic... (laughing)
al3KWpcfAv8-00055-00035938-00036509 multiplicative identity, a times one equals a, one is that multiplicative
al3KWpcfAv8-00056-00036509-00036956 identity. Doesn't, it basically just doesn't change anything when you do
al3KWpcfAv8-00057-00036956-00037991 that operation. And lastly here we have the inverse property. Now, what this one
al3KWpcfAv8-00058-00037991-00038795 says for uh sorry every real number a has an additive inverse or opposite to
al3KWpcfAv8-00059-00038795-00039458 denoted negative a, such that a plus negative a equals zero, okay? So let's
al3KWpcfAv8-00060-00039458-00040400 write that down, a plus a negative a equals zero, okay? So again that's our
al3KWpcfAv8-00061-00040400-00040930 inverse property, we have a plus a negative a equals zero.
al3KWpcfAv8-00062-00040930-00041540 Basically there's a real number out there that if you add its inverse you will get zero.
al3KWpcfAv8-00063-00041540-00042256 So you can imagine we're gonna have a multiplicative inverse property, right?
al3KWpcfAv8-00064-00042256-00043028 So that one states every nonzero real number a has a multiplicative inverse or
al3KWpcfAv8-00065-00043028-00044017 reciprocal, denoted one over a, such that a times 1 over a
al3KWpcfAv8-00066-00044017-00044855 equals one, okay? So if a times 1 over a equals 1 essentially they're gonna
al3KWpcfAv8-00067-00044855-00045263 cancel each other out when you multiply them to always get one for any real
al3KWpcfAv8-00068-00045263-00045995 number a where a is not equal to 0, okay? So let's, let's see if we can um get a quick
al3KWpcfAv8-00069-00045995-00046655 example for each one of these, okay, um, and  I'll put the multiplication example
al3KWpcfAv8-00070-00046655-00047078 here um so you will see it with real numbers so actually let's do addition first. So I'll do
al3KWpcfAv8-00071-00047078-00047642 addition on this side, I've some space here where we can. So with the addition what the
al3KWpcfAv8-00072-00047642-00048101 or I can fit underneath here. So, now using this chart let's kind of put in different
al3KWpcfAv8-00073-00048101-00048809 places where we can. Well what this is saying is 7 plus 3 is the same thing as 3 plus 7
al3KWpcfAv8-00074-00048809-00049414 same idea. So with multiplication you can do it like this
al3KWpcfAv8-00075-00049414-00050452 7 times 3 is equal to 3 times 7, alright? Now (laughing) from here, well let's go toss
al3KWpcfAv8-00076-00050452-00051082 some numbers in, okay? For this blue part here so I'm gonna put it over here. Basically that
al3KWpcfAv8-00077-00051082-00051882 associative property is telling us, okay,  that we can have well let's go 3
al3KWpcfAv8-00078-00051882-00053036 plus 1 plus 4 is equal to, and I'll fit it underneath here, 3 plus 1 plus 4 and
al3KWpcfAv8-00079-00053036-00053479 that's our associative property of addition. Multiplication we're gonna see an
al3KWpcfAv8-00080-00053479-00054611 example of that is telling us here that oh 2 times 7 times 4 is equal to 2 times
al3KWpcfAv8-00081-00054611-00055499 7 times 4, same idea, okay? Now the distributive property we can toss it
al3KWpcfAv8-00082-00055499-00055874 see if I can put it over here for multiplication and addition same thing
al3KWpcfAv8-00083-00055874-00056722 same examples here, just toss some numbers out here oh let's go 1 times
al3KWpcfAv8-00084-00056722-00058089 2 plus 3 is the same thing as 1 times 2 plus
al3KWpcfAv8-00085-00058089-00058738 1 times 3, okay? Now the identity property example
al3KWpcfAv8-00086-00058746-00059096 there it really can be any number you want, and I can probably fit that right up
al3KWpcfAv8-00087-00059097-00059532 above it okay. Essentially we'll see how easy it is, any
al3KWpcfAv8-00088-00059532-00060392 real number negative 10 plus a 0 equals, can you guess it?, negative 10, okay?
al3KWpcfAv8-00089-00060392-00061070 And then here with the multiplication uh identity property pick a number
al3KWpcfAv8-00090-00061070-00061852 I don't know, negative 8 times 1 equals negative 8, again it's for any real number here.
al3KWpcfAv8-00091-00061852-00062501 Lastly the inverse properties, okay? Let's say, let's kind of change it up what if I
al3KWpcfAv8-00092-00062502-00063212 had negative ooh let's let's make this a little smart here uh negative 11 plus
al3KWpcfAv8-00093-00063212-00063702 well if a is the real number that's negative 11 it's inverses is gonna be like a negative
al3KWpcfAv8-00094-00063702-00064472 negative 11 which is a positive, which when we add them together is 0.
al3KWpcfAv8-00095-00064472-00065140 And we ah multi..multic...multiplicative inverse property here, okay? Let's make
al3KWpcfAv8-00096-00065140-00066106 a just an easy number 5. 5 times 1 over 5 is equal to 1. And so now we kind of covered um all
al3KWpcfAv8-00097-00066108-00066744 the different properties, the property of real numbers. Again the commutative, associative
al3KWpcfAv8-00098-00066756-00067230 distributive, identity, and inverse properties and that goes with addition and multiplication.
al3KWpcfAv8-00099-00067234-00067486 If you liked this video, please let me know down below,
al3KWpcfAv8-00100-00067506-00067762 and don't forget to subscribe. Thanks for watching.
al3KWpcfAv8-00101-00067784-00068032 Minute Math, Minute Math
al3KWpcfAv8-00102-00068032-00068638 when you need help you use Minute Math. Minute Math, Minute Math
al3KWpcfAv8-00103-00068646-00069248 when you need help you use Minute Math. Minute Math tutor dot com
b0kovshruTu-00000-00000531-00000827 Now, I've been asked to address what the impact is
b0kovshruTu-00001-00000827-00001190 of the rash of trade agreements that we know are around
b0kovshruTu-00002-00001190-00001432 and in fact have actually changed the landscape.
b0kovshruTu-00003-00001432-00001964 But let me do a little bit of background for this first.
b0kovshruTu-00004-00001964-00002185 Our traditional view about Australian agriculture
b0kovshruTu-00005-00002185-00002376 is that we're a competitive exporter.
b0kovshruTu-00006-00002376-00002762 Around 2/3 of our output is exported with low tariffs--
b0kovshruTu-00007-00002762-00003069 that average is 1.2%-- and low subsidies.
b0kovshruTu-00008-00003069-00003282 We're competitive, we can compete,
b0kovshruTu-00009-00003282-00003499 and we have close proximity to Asian markets.
b0kovshruTu-00010-00003499-00003917 That's been the standard line.
b0kovshruTu-00011-00003917-00004163 But that's actually not going to deliver the goods in terms
b0kovshruTu-00012-00004163-00004537 of what's going on now.
b0kovshruTu-00013-00004537-00004763 We've also had in the last few years
b0kovshruTu-00014-00004763-00004984 a great deal of attention in Australia about the fact
b0kovshruTu-00015-00004984-00005224 that we're close to Asia, that it's a great opportunity,
b0kovshruTu-00016-00005224-00005478 and we've been told for over a decade
b0kovshruTu-00017-00005478-00005676 that they're just at our doorstep.
b0kovshruTu-00018-00005676-00006016 But I think sometimes we forget our geography.
b0kovshruTu-00019-00006016-00006156 Here's some simple numbers.
b0kovshruTu-00020-00006156-00006209 They're a little out of date because
b0kovshruTu-00021-00006209-00006403 of the change in the exchange rate with the Australian dollar
b0kovshruTu-00022-00006403-00006550 going a little bit south.
b0kovshruTu-00023-00006550-00006814 But I wanted to do some comparisons of how easy it is
b0kovshruTu-00024-00006814-00007166 and how costly it is to transport goods from, say,
b0kovshruTu-00025-00007166-00007455 Melbourne to Shanghai.
b0kovshruTu-00026-00007455-00007884 So there's the flying time and the costs out of Australia.
b0kovshruTu-00027-00007884-00008154 You'll see that it's cheaper from Los Angeles.
b0kovshruTu-00028-00008154-00008439 It's about the same flying time, not much different-- cheaper.
b0kovshruTu-00029-00008439-00008647 And from Rotterdam, it's about the same flying
b0kovshruTu-00030-00008647-00008888 time-- a bit cheaper.
b0kovshruTu-00031-00008888-00009202 In other words, we are actually in a competitive environment.
b0kovshruTu-00032-00009202-00009438 Asia is not an easy step for us.
b0kovshruTu-00033-00009438-00009511 It's distant.
b0kovshruTu-00034-00009511-00009766 We've always tended to overestimate actually
b0kovshruTu-00035-00009766-00010010 how far it is away from us, and that's
b0kovshruTu-00036-00010010-00010320 a really major consideration to take into account.
b0kovshruTu-00037-00010320-00010543 Now, you'll see I've got our trade minister there.
b0kovshruTu-00038-00010543-00010788 He's very photogenic, as you'll see from some of the slides
b0kovshruTu-00039-00010788-00010963 that I've selected.
b0kovshruTu-00040-00010963-00011271 He's had a very good time since becoming trade minister.
b0kovshruTu-00041-00011271-00011544 First, he completed negotiations for a trade agreement
b0kovshruTu-00042-00011544-00011669 with South Korea.
b0kovshruTu-00043-00011669-00011995 And that was important, because it provided extra access
b0kovshruTu-00044-00011995-00012325 to the Korean market-- but over time.
b0kovshruTu-00045-00012325-00012511 Now normally, we've had-- I'm going
b0kovshruTu-00046-00012511-00012803 to come back to this a little bit later-- little success,
b0kovshruTu-00047-00012803-00013128 over 50 years of battling, to try and get agriculture trade
b0kovshruTu-00048-00013128-00013249 barriers down.
b0kovshruTu-00049-00013249-00013419 On trading goods in the global market,
b0kovshruTu-00050-00013419-00013713 there's really little to talk about.
b0kovshruTu-00051-00013713-00013876 Tariffs on average around the world
b0kovshruTu-00052-00013876-00014102 are quite low-- except in agriculture,
b0kovshruTu-00053-00014102-00014233 which we know very well.
b0kovshruTu-00054-00014233-00014408 In the South Korean agreement, the Koreans
b0kovshruTu-00055-00014408-00014564 agreed to open up their markets.
b0kovshruTu-00056-00014564-00014746 But of course, the farmers correctly
b0kovshruTu-00057-00014746-00015093 grumbled that this was pretty slow and would take too long.
b0kovshruTu-00058-00015093-00015354 But I think they've actually forgotten how long trade
b0kovshruTu-00059-00015354-00015479 liberalisation takes.
b0kovshruTu-00060-00015479-00015763 I'd like to remind them that it took us 20 years to reduce
b0kovshruTu-00061-00015763-00015930 the tariffs on our cars.
b0kovshruTu-00062-00015930-00016150 So if you expect other countries to reduce tariffs
b0kovshruTu-00063-00016150-00016347 in difficult areas, you should expect it'll
b0kovshruTu-00064-00016347-00016456 take a little bit of time.
b0kovshruTu-00065-00016456-00016765 But that's an important factor and an important agreement,
b0kovshruTu-00066-00016765-00017039 but no immediate access.
b0kovshruTu-00067-00017039-00017262 Then he did the agreement with Japan.
b0kovshruTu-00068-00017262-00017479 This was even more important, because unexpectedly--
b0kovshruTu-00069-00017479-00017793 and there he is shaking hands with the Japanese trade
b0kovshruTu-00070-00017793-00017989 minister-- a very good result.
b0kovshruTu-00071-00017989-00018285 Similarly, those changes there in both Japan and Korea
b0kovshruTu-00072-00018285-00018542 were quite significant, because their farm populations
b0kovshruTu-00073-00018542-00018600 are ageing.
b0kovshruTu-00074-00018600-00018734 And for the first time, they're actually
b0kovshruTu-00075-00018734-00018871 starting to open up their markets
b0kovshruTu-00076-00018871-00019137 because the power of the farm lobby is shrinking.
b0kovshruTu-00077-00019137-00019279 And of course, Japan's always been
b0kovshruTu-00078-00019279-00019470 one of our biggest markets.
b0kovshruTu-00079-00019470-00019892 So that's really been quite an important achievement.
b0kovshruTu-00080-00019892-00020481 And then we move onto his next one, which was China.
b0kovshruTu-00081-00020481-00020636 And for a long time he was telling us
b0kovshruTu-00082-00020636-00020817 we're only going to get a little bit,
b0kovshruTu-00083-00020817-00021036 and the media captured that picture.
b0kovshruTu-00084-00021036-00021381 But by the time that agreement finished, what was revealed
b0kovshruTu-00085-00021381-00021705 was very good access, and I think better access
b0kovshruTu-00086-00021705-00022053 than was expected.
b0kovshruTu-00087-00022053-00022494 Yet some of the commitments have got long-term phase ins,
b0kovshruTu-00088-00022494-00022649 but what the China agreement has done
b0kovshruTu-00089-00022649-00022889 is fixed the attention on the nature of the markets.
b0kovshruTu-00090-00022889-00022995 That's what I'm going to come back to.
b0kovshruTu-00091-00022995-00023196 I know it's been featured in these discussions.
b0kovshruTu-00092-00023196-00023351 And my basic message is going to be--
b0kovshruTu-00093-00023351-00023643 which I'll come to in a moment-- it's the nature of the markets
b0kovshruTu-00094-00023643-00023814 which determine how much we can trade,
b0kovshruTu-00095-00023814-00024035 not actually the way in which the trade barriers have
b0kovshruTu-00096-00024035-00024089 been reduced.
b0kovshruTu-00097-00024089-00024289 And I'll come back to that in a moment.
b0kovshruTu-00098-00024289-00024527 And now, he's wanting to do a trade agreement with India.
b0kovshruTu-00099-00024527-00024718 I'm not bullish on India.
b0kovshruTu-00100-00024718-00024967 If you look at how that economy runs and who organises it,
b0kovshruTu-00101-00024967-00025322 I don't think we're going to get much from an agreement
b0kovshruTu-00102-00025322-00025531 that we wouldn't get already if the Indians wanted
b0kovshruTu-00103-00025531-00025787 to trade with us with what they would get.
b0kovshruTu-00104-00025787-00025985 But there's something else that's
b0kovshruTu-00105-00025985-00026311 quite big which is looming, and this is the Trans-Pacific
b0kovshruTu-00106-00026311-00026389 Partnership.
b0kovshruTu-00107-00026389-00026531 And of course, our trade officials
b0kovshruTu-00108-00026531-00026739 are deeply engaged in that.
b0kovshruTu-00109-00026739-00026903 Why is that so significant?
b0kovshruTu-00110-00026903-00027095 The government's had difficulty explaining it.
b0kovshruTu-00111-00027095-00027352 I think one of the reasons is it's a long-term agreement.
b0kovshruTu-00112-00027352-00027614 One of the reasons is it doesn't offer any immediate new market
b0kovshruTu-00113-00027614-00027716 access.
b0kovshruTu-00114-00027716-00028145 But what it does do is lay the foundation for a bigger
b0kovshruTu-00115-00028145-00028429 free trade agreement among all APAC countries,
b0kovshruTu-00116-00028429-00028572 which is now on the agenda.
b0kovshruTu-00117-00028572-00028813 They'll finish the Trans-Pacific Partnership first.
b0kovshruTu-00118-00028813-00028956 It's only 12 countries.
b0kovshruTu-00119-00028956-00029111 Not all of them are in APAC.
b0kovshruTu-00120-00029111-00029413 The difference, however, the changing dynamic in this
b0kovshruTu-00121-00029413-00029822 is that China has shown interest in joining these agreements,
b0kovshruTu-00122-00029822-00029996 and that's a first.
b0kovshruTu-00123-00029996-00030201 So what we're actually looking at in the long run
b0kovshruTu-00124-00030201-00030561 is development of a huge Asia Pacific free market.
b0kovshruTu-00125-00030561-00030682 It'll be the world's biggest.
b0kovshruTu-00126-00030682-00030852 And the political dynamics of this, it'll
b0kovshruTu-00127-00030852-00031137 be the first time the United States and China have
b0kovshruTu-00128-00031137-00031549 engaged in attempting to negotiate an arrangement.
b0kovshruTu-00129-00031549-00031687 And that'll be the politics which
b0kovshruTu-00130-00031687-00031894 will drive that agreement.
b0kovshruTu-00131-00031894-00032108 But the market is huge.
b0kovshruTu-00132-00032108-00032283 The prospects are significant.
b0kovshruTu-00133-00032283-00032752 And for us, it offers very significant changes.
b0kovshruTu-00134-00032752-00033016 But underneath it, I made the point
b0kovshruTu-00135-00033016-00033277 before about lower tariffs being not so important.
b0kovshruTu-00136-00033277-00033477 What's going on in the Asia Pacific region which
b0kovshruTu-00137-00033477-00033657 will be another imperative for the Chinese
b0kovshruTu-00138-00033657-00033802 to want to negotiate this agreement
b0kovshruTu-00139-00033802-00034054 and to participate in it is the emergence
b0kovshruTu-00140-00034054-00034204 of global supply chains.
b0kovshruTu-00141-00034204-00034442 And I think that's one of the reasons why the Chinese are
b0kovshruTu-00142-00034442-00034675 nervous about not being in the Trans-Pacific Partnership
b0kovshruTu-00143-00034675-00034757 agreement.
b0kovshruTu-00144-00034757-00035076 Because if you take electronic products-- one
b0kovshruTu-00145-00035076-00035296 of the famous cases is the iPhone--
b0kovshruTu-00146-00035296-00035556 these products now are manufactured by inputs
b0kovshruTu-00147-00035556-00035682 from a number of economies.
b0kovshruTu-00148-00035682-00036226 So the iPhone is manufactured with IT from the United States.
b0kovshruTu-00149-00036226-00036594 The iPhone sells wholesale for about $175.
b0kovshruTu-00150-00036594-00036947 The Chinese value-added input to that is $6.
b0kovshruTu-00151-00036947-00037140 In other words, it's assembled in China.
b0kovshruTu-00152-00037140-00037315 But the value add is in the rest.
b0kovshruTu-00153-00037315-00037488 So Korea makes certain parts.
b0kovshruTu-00154-00037488-00037623 Japan makes certain parts.
b0kovshruTu-00155-00037623-00037741 It's assembled in one place.
b0kovshruTu-00156-00037741-00037895 The IT comes from somewhere else.
b0kovshruTu-00157-00037895-00038045 These are global supply chains which
b0kovshruTu-00158-00038045-00038242 have been driving growth in the region.
b0kovshruTu-00159-00038242-00038484 Now, they are the things that will be the background which
b0kovshruTu-00160-00038484-00038942 will also shape all trade in the region, including agriculture,
b0kovshruTu-00161-00038942-00039447 and that implies some significant differences for us.
b0kovshruTu-00162-00039447-00039525 One other point.
b0kovshruTu-00163-00039525-00039955 I mention that now in world trade barriers to trading goods
b0kovshruTu-00164-00039955-00040077 are fairly low.
b0kovshruTu-00165-00040077-00040367 These new agreements are all about liberalising
b0kovshruTu-00166-00040367-00040585 investment and services.
b0kovshruTu-00167-00040585-00040840 And this is very important for the Asian region,
b0kovshruTu-00168-00040840-00041114 because by and large those economies
b0kovshruTu-00169-00041114-00041274 are laggards in that area.
b0kovshruTu-00170-00041274-00041477 People often wonder why we in Australia
b0kovshruTu-00171-00041477-00041586 don't invest more in Asia.
b0kovshruTu-00172-00041586-00041809 If you look at our patterns of outward investment
b0kovshruTu-00173-00041809-00042084 most of our foreign investments are in the United Kingdom,
b0kovshruTu-00174-00042084-00042302 Europe, the United States.
b0kovshruTu-00175-00042302-00042525 Little in Asia, and the reason for that
b0kovshruTu-00176-00042525-00042790 is that the rules for foreign investment in most
b0kovshruTu-00177-00042790-00042992 Asian economies are poor.
b0kovshruTu-00178-00042992-00043293 Risk is high, and they're bad investments.
b0kovshruTu-00179-00043293-00043564 So that's the broader significance of this activity
b0kovshruTu-00180-00043564-00043819 to open up a broader trade agreement in the region which
b0kovshruTu-00181-00043819-00043984 liberalises services and investment,
b0kovshruTu-00182-00043984-00044234 because that'll be the basis for growth for these economies.
b0kovshruTu-00183-00044234-00044611 If they don't, growth in Asia will slow.
b0kovshruTu-00184-00044611-00045156 Now, I wanted to talk about the drivers of demand for food.
b0kovshruTu-00185-00045156-00045326 I've talked about the trade agreements
b0kovshruTu-00186-00045326-00045680 in expanding markets, and what I'm going to contend
b0kovshruTu-00187-00045680-00045889 is that they're actually more important than trade
b0kovshruTu-00188-00045889-00045974 liberalisation.
b0kovshruTu-00189-00045974-00046326 Now, that's a Shanghai supermarket on the top,
b0kovshruTu-00190-00046326-00046530 and that's really now where the focus should
b0kovshruTu-00191-00046530-00046857 be for trading products, the end-branded, good, high-quality
b0kovshruTu-00192-00046857-00046907 product.
b0kovshruTu-00193-00046907-00047059 I'm going to come back to that.
b0kovshruTu-00194-00047059-00047388 Of course, in Geneva-- that's the WTO headquarters
b0kovshruTu-00195-00047388-00047493 on the edge of Lac Leman.
b0kovshruTu-00196-00047493-00047638 It's quite a beautiful place.
b0kovshruTu-00197-00047638-00047902 It's no wonder it takes so long to negotiate agreements.
b0kovshruTu-00198-00047902-00048250 Who wants to leave?-- But the reality in the short term
b0kovshruTu-00199-00048250-00048561 is that the Chinese markets and the growth in the Asian markets
b0kovshruTu-00200-00048561-00048793 are what are driving our opportunities.
b0kovshruTu-00201-00048793-00048981 Not this trade liberalisation, because that's
b0kovshruTu-00202-00048981-00049335 long term and further down the track.
b0kovshruTu-00203-00049335-00049649 Now, we're seeing some very significant changes
b0kovshruTu-00204-00049649-00049841 in these rapidly-changing Asian markets,
b0kovshruTu-00205-00049841-00050058 and the biggest one is the rise of the middle class.
b0kovshruTu-00206-00050058-00050314 There's staggering numbers around.
b0kovshruTu-00207-00050314-00050555 The head of the Singapore foreign ministry
b0kovshruTu-00208-00050555-00050825 estimates that they're going to grow from 500 million
b0kovshruTu-00209-00050825-00051118 today to 1.75 billion by 2020.
b0kovshruTu-00210-00051118-00051283 It seems pretty fast to me.
b0kovshruTu-00211-00051283-00051482 But even if he's half wrong, it doesn't matter.
b0kovshruTu-00212-00051482-00051745 And of course, what he's taking into account here is not China,
b0kovshruTu-00213-00051745-00051912 but India as well.
b0kovshruTu-00214-00051912-00052116 And Indonesia, we should not forget Indonesia.
b0kovshruTu-00215-00052116-00052352 Indonesia's had a wealthy middle class for a long time.
b0kovshruTu-00216-00052352-00052519 And the other things that are happening,
b0kovshruTu-00217-00052519-00052717 we're seeing changes of taste.
b0kovshruTu-00218-00052717-00053166 There's a shift to a demand for more protein, more meat,
b0kovshruTu-00219-00053166-00053416 and even a shift in some countries from rice to wheat.
b0kovshruTu-00220-00053416-00053650 And we're seeing that in Indonesia.
b0kovshruTu-00221-00053650-00054521 Niche markets matter, and there is a very significant rising
b0kovshruTu-00222-00054521-00054914 demand for high-quality fruit.
b0kovshruTu-00223-00054914-00055417 Chinese consumers don't like poisoned berries either.
b0kovshruTu-00224-00055417-00055641 I don't think we need to worry too much about the fact
b0kovshruTu-00225-00055641-00055736 that we need to regulate.
b0kovshruTu-00226-00055736-00055886 The Australian consumer will decide
b0kovshruTu-00227-00055886-00056172 whether they want an Australian frozen berry or a Chinese one.
b0kovshruTu-00228-00056172-00056436 But in China recently a dairy farmer
b0kovshruTu-00229-00056436-00056642 was boasting that he was selling milk in China
b0kovshruTu-00230-00056642-00056973 for eight times the standard price because it
b0kovshruTu-00231-00056973-00057144 was considered safe.
b0kovshruTu-00232-00057144-00057573 This is the new market opportunity that we're having.
b0kovshruTu-00233-00057573-00057908 And as I say, the concerns about health and safety
b0kovshruTu-00234-00057908-00058122 among the middle class are very high.
b0kovshruTu-00235-00058122-00058421 They know better than us the problems with their food.
b0kovshruTu-00236-00058421-00058802 And of course, we've got a fabulous reputation
b0kovshruTu-00237-00058802-00058980 for high-quality foods.
b0kovshruTu-00238-00058980-00059233 So what's involved in servicing these markets?
b0kovshruTu-00239-00059233-00059416 So back to my proposition, it's growth
b0kovshruTu-00240-00059416-00059729 in the region that will drive it in the short term and medium
b0kovshruTu-00241-00059729-00060035 term, not the trade agreements.
b0kovshruTu-00242-00060035-00060215 So how do producers get into these markets?
b0kovshruTu-00243-00060215-00060390 This is a challenge for the farmers.
b0kovshruTu-00244-00060390-00060567 The big farmers know it, and I think
b0kovshruTu-00245-00060567-00060717 it's important for the small farmers
b0kovshruTu-00246-00060717-00060932 to have to focus on how they can operate in this.
b0kovshruTu-00247-00060932-00061180 In other words, to succeed in these markets
b0kovshruTu-00248-00061180-00061510 they've got to identify the high-value products,
b0kovshruTu-00249-00061510-00061822 not just manufacture off the farm whatever they can grow.
b0kovshruTu-00250-00061822-00062000 Learning what that high-value product is
b0kovshruTu-00251-00062000-00062182 and where to market it is very difficult,
b0kovshruTu-00252-00062182-00062367 and that's what I want to come back to.
b0kovshruTu-00253-00062367-00062534 To partly achieve that, they have
b0kovshruTu-00254-00062534-00062723 to invest in high-quality niche production.
b0kovshruTu-00255-00062723-00063065 They need to locate the traders and retailers in those markets.
b0kovshruTu-00256-00063065-00063354 Now for China, this is a huge difficulty.
b0kovshruTu-00257-00063354-00063689 In China, there's 20 cities of more than 5 million
b0kovshruTu-00258-00063689-00064062 and 34 between 2 and 5 million.
b0kovshruTu-00259-00064062-00064424 So how does a farmer decide to reach those markets?
b0kovshruTu-00260-00064424-00064686 That's a really big challenge.
b0kovshruTu-00261-00064686-00064912 Strategies which are being pursued by some farmers
b0kovshruTu-00262-00064912-00065346 are form joint businesses, research the markets,
b0kovshruTu-00263-00065346-00065601 and get Chinese investment and trading partners.
b0kovshruTu-00264-00065601-00065804 And I must say, I think of all the debate that's
b0kovshruTu-00265-00065804-00066050 going on about investment, one of the silliest propositions
b0kovshruTu-00266-00066050-00066225 that's running around is that we shouldn't
b0kovshruTu-00267-00066225-00066512 have foreign investment in the farm sector.
b0kovshruTu-00268-00066512-00066796 I mean, if you want to do business in Australia
b0kovshruTu-00269-00066796-00066951 and you want to connect your business
b0kovshruTu-00270-00066951-00067109 with some other business, a common way
b0kovshruTu-00271-00067109-00067287 to do that is to form a common business
b0kovshruTu-00272-00067287-00067615 interest and common investment interests.
b0kovshruTu-00273-00067615-00067829 I don't think there's anything different
b0kovshruTu-00274-00067829-00068025 in the foreign markets.
b0kovshruTu-00275-00068025-00068266 Now that said, my proposition there
b0kovshruTu-00276-00068266-00068800 is that it's understanding the commercial realities
b0kovshruTu-00277-00068800-00068980 of the market which is now necessary for us
b0kovshruTu-00278-00068980-00069226 to get the fact there's an opportunity.
b0kovshruTu-00279-00069226-00069573 But in doing the research-- my basic message is
b0kovshruTu-00280-00069573-00069872 that the farmers have to look past the farm gate--
b0kovshruTu-00281-00069872-00070154 I came across something else which I think is significant,
b0kovshruTu-00282-00070154-00070486 and that is our capacity to supply.
b0kovshruTu-00283-00070486-00070693 Because there is another challenge
b0kovshruTu-00284-00070693-00070948 to the government which people have been talking to me about.
b0kovshruTu-00285-00070948-00071311 When I did some research for this preparation,
b0kovshruTu-00286-00071311-00071892 I thought it was something of a gobsmacker.
b0kovshruTu-00287-00071892-00072117 Here's an optimistic chart about Australia.
b0kovshruTu-00288-00072117-00072552 This shows that productivity has been rising, which is positive.
b0kovshruTu-00289-00072552-00072733 Except it's not a very high rate.
b0kovshruTu-00290-00072733-00072821 It's only about 1.3%.
b0kovshruTu-00291-00073171-00073360 This is a map which shows the distribution
b0kovshruTu-00292-00073360-00073681 of total productivity growth around the world,
b0kovshruTu-00293-00073681-00073981 and you'll see that New Zealand's characteristically
b0kovshruTu-00294-00073981-00074333 had more than 3% productivity growth.
b0kovshruTu-00295-00074333-00074459 In Australia, it's divided.
b0kovshruTu-00296-00074459-00074884 The west and the north, it's been between 1% and 3%.
b0kovshruTu-00297-00074884-00075239 In the east, it's been less than 1%.
b0kovshruTu-00298-00075239-00075458 This is a worry.
b0kovshruTu-00299-00075844-00076258 Now, here's a second source of worry.
b0kovshruTu-00300-00076258-00076745 Between 1990 and 2011, this is the rate
b0kovshruTu-00301-00076745-00076977 of growth of volume of output.
b0kovshruTu-00302-00076977-00077247 And that's flatlined.
b0kovshruTu-00303-00077247-00077553 If we've got actually rising productivity and flatlining
b0kovshruTu-00304-00077553-00077776 volume, something's wrong.
b0kovshruTu-00305-00077776-00078157 Now to be fair with statistics, here's the chart
b0kovshruTu-00306-00078157-00078479 if you go through to 2013.
b0kovshruTu-00307-00078479-00078762 So a little bit of growth in the last gives you a rising trend.
b0kovshruTu-00308-00078762-00078958 But I wouldn't take too much comfort from that,
b0kovshruTu-00309-00078958-00079196 because I think this is the sobering number
b0kovshruTu-00310-00079196-00079413 and we'll need to wait and see whether it's actually
b0kovshruTu-00311-00079413-00079583 on the rise.
b0kovshruTu-00312-00079583-00079900 Whichever way we look at it, volume is flat.
b0kovshruTu-00313-00079900-00080050 Now, we've had an Australian economy
b0kovshruTu-00314-00080050-00080367 that's been growing at an average of 3% to 4%,
b0kovshruTu-00315-00080367-00080698 flattened-- well, that was even fairly good.
b0kovshruTu-00316-00080698-00080855 The rate of output of agriculture
b0kovshruTu-00317-00080855-00081377 is below the national growth rate even.
b0kovshruTu-00318-00081377-00081625 Here is the real issue, I think, in all
b0kovshruTu-00319-00081625-00081850 of this, which in a sense maybe explains
b0kovshruTu-00320-00081850-00082054 why we've got this situation.
b0kovshruTu-00321-00082054-00082238 Now this, I think, is a very alarming chart.
b0kovshruTu-00322-00082238-00082515 It shows that the agricultural land
b0kovshruTu-00323-00082515-00082824 use-- in other words, the amount of land which is being farmed--
b0kovshruTu-00324-00082824-00083454 has shrunk by about 15% in the last 12 years or so.
b0kovshruTu-00325-00083454-00083819 Now, how on earth did that come about?
b0kovshruTu-00326-00083819-00084106 Well, governments have reduced the national farmer state.
b0kovshruTu-00327-00084106-00084376 I don't think it's been an organised or deliberate policy,
b0kovshruTu-00328-00084376-00084658 but it's been the effect of their activities.
b0kovshruTu-00329-00084658-00084918 One of the things which all you farmers will be aware of
b0kovshruTu-00330-00084918-00085386 is the campaign to protect native vegetation
b0kovshruTu-00331-00085386-00085601 and how several years ago the state governments
b0kovshruTu-00332-00085601-00085872 took action which, according to the Productivity Commission,
b0kovshruTu-00333-00085872-00086095 removed the property rights of landowners
b0kovshruTu-00334-00086095-00086378 by restricting the ability of farmers
b0kovshruTu-00335-00086378-00086714 to clear native vegetation on their land.
b0kovshruTu-00336-00086714-00086934 And that's actually quite significant.
b0kovshruTu-00337-00086934-00087311 There's campaigns to reduce access to the rangelands,
b0kovshruTu-00338-00087311-00087503 and I'm going to come back to that.
b0kovshruTu-00339-00087503-00087695 Water entitlements in the Murray-Darling Basin
b0kovshruTu-00340-00087695-00087927 were cut by a third.
b0kovshruTu-00341-00087927-00088155 We know the history of that was actually,
b0kovshruTu-00342-00088155-00088401 for those who bothered to look at the numbers, very
b0kovshruTu-00343-00088401-00088816 poor economics, guesswork as to how much flow was needed
b0kovshruTu-00344-00088816-00089147 for the environmental flows.
b0kovshruTu-00345-00089147-00089469 The Productivity Commission wrote a very scathing report.
b0kovshruTu-00346-00089469-00089744 Now that we've recovered from the drought,
b0kovshruTu-00347-00089744-00089915 I don't actually see why the government
b0kovshruTu-00348-00089915-00090159 doesn't sell the entitlements back to the farmers.
b0kovshruTu-00349-00090159-00090347 But there are reports which show that cutting
b0kovshruTu-00350-00090347-00090541 the water by a third did materially
b0kovshruTu-00351-00090541-00090959 affect the way in which farming occurred around that area.
b0kovshruTu-00352-00090959-00091147 The final one has been a significant increase
b0kovshruTu-00353-00091147-00091603 in conservation areas right across the country.
b0kovshruTu-00354-00091603-00092208 So just to remind, in a sense, who is driving this.
b0kovshruTu-00355-00092208-00092450 Well, it's the environmental groups.
b0kovshruTu-00356-00092450-00093624 That top picture shows an Australian wildlife conservancy
b0kovshruTu-00357-00093624-00093976 reserve which they own, the Mornington-Marion Downs
b0kovshruTu-00358-00093976-00094047 in the Kimberley.
b0kovshruTu-00359-00094308-00094554 It's sensible to have these conservation areas.
b0kovshruTu-00360-00094554-00094754 But the question is what we're seeing now
b0kovshruTu-00361-00094754-00095139 is a trend to expand them without any technical regard
b0kovshruTu-00362-00095139-00095437 to what species are being conserved or not.
b0kovshruTu-00363-00095437-00095792 And what we now actually have is the World Wildlife Fund arguing
b0kovshruTu-00364-00095792-00096115 that in Australia, as well as in the rest of the world,
b0kovshruTu-00365-00096115-00096344 land for farming should be reduced.
b0kovshruTu-00366-00096344-00096546 Because if you look at the WWF literature,
b0kovshruTu-00367-00096546-00096738 you'll actually find they argue that the world
b0kovshruTu-00368-00096738-00096877 is consuming too much.
b0kovshruTu-00369-00096877-00097065 And they've actually got a long-term campaign
b0kovshruTu-00370-00097065-00097407 to reduce farming, which they're pressing in Australia.
b0kovshruTu-00371-00097407-00097641 They've had a long-term policy to reduce the rangelands.
b0kovshruTu-00372-00097641-00097842 They're trying to restrict the sugar industry,
b0kovshruTu-00373-00097842-00097980 and they've had a crack at trying
b0kovshruTu-00374-00097980-00098176 to restrict the beef industry.
b0kovshruTu-00375-00098176-00098419 So these are the series of forces at work.
b0kovshruTu-00376-00098419-00098858 And I'm sure the federal and state governments
b0kovshruTu-00377-00098858-00099105 had no intention to shrink the farmer state.
b0kovshruTu-00378-00099105-00099322 But by neglecting and ignoring the implications
b0kovshruTu-00379-00099322-00099663 of this broader push, it's the effect that we've had.
b0kovshruTu-00380-00099663-00100023 So Australia's agricultural future-- action required.
b0kovshruTu-00381-00100023-00100208 Thank you.
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